ENTITYA TYPEA IDA DATABASEA ENTITYB TYPEB IDB DATABASEB EFFECT MECHANISM RESIDUE SEQUENCE TAX_ID CELL_DATA TISSUE_DATA MODULATOR_COMPLEX TARGET_COMPLEX MODIFICATIONA MODASEQ MODIFICATIONB MODBSEQ PMID DIRECT NOTES ANNOTATOR SENTENCE SIGNOR_ID PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR CCNA1 protein P78396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 11090075 t apalma "We show that the ectopic expression of PML-RARα is sufficient to elevate levels of cyclin A1 in U937 myeloid leukemia cells and cyclin A1 is negatively regulated by the RARα pathway." SIGNOR-256373 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser199 SQRGRSGsGNFGGGR 9606 18562319 t gcesareni "Our data also suggest that akt negatively regulates hnrnp a1-mediated ires activity via phosphorylation at ser199." SIGNOR-252519 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256748 CTNND2 protein Q9UQB3 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252131 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 HNSSQMKsMSTFIEE 9606 BTO:0000567 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265232 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser200 YSGDSDAsSPRSNCS 9606 SIGNOR-C17 21902831 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of myod at s200 is common to other cdks, such as the mitotic cyclin b/cdk1, which may prevent inappropriate myod accumulation during mitosis." SIGNOR-176505 Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28347630 f miannu "Microtubules are essential for the generation, migration and differentiation of neurons. Within dendrites microtubules have also been implicated in the formation and plasticity of spines. For instance, the treatment of hippocampal neurons with low doses of the microtubule destabilizing drug Nocodazole impairs BDNF induced dendritic spine formation" SIGNOR-266827 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0001271 BTO:0000671 14551213 t gcesareni "The activation of stat-3 is regulated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 by receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases these include epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) kinase,92 src,5 janus-activated kinases (jak), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)a constitutively active galpha16 mutant, galpha16ql, stimulated stat3-dependent luciferase activity as well as the phosphorylation of stat3 at both tyr705 and ser727. Galpha16ql-induced stat3 activation was enhanced by overexpression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1" SIGNOR-118596 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT NRN1 protein Q9NPD7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252183 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 PQSNIPEtPPPGYLS 9606 10197981 t llicata "Oncogenically activated ras inhibits the tgfbeta-induced nuclear accumulation of smad2 and smad3 and smad-dependent transcription. Ras acting via erk map kinases causes phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 at specific sites in the region linking the dna-binding domain and the transcriptional activation domain." SIGNOR-66746 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 18708154 t gcesareni "Suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs)-1, the key negative regulator of interferon (ifn)-gamma-dependent signaling, is induced in response to ifngamma. Socs-1 binds to and inhibits the ifngamma receptor-associated kinase janus-activated kinase (jak) 2 and inhibits its function in vitrothe binding of socs-1 to tyr441 also blocks the access of stat1 to tyr419 and that this effect may be the principal mechanism of inhibition of downstream signaling" SIGNOR-180140 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGC5 protein Q9Y5F6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265683 RPL26L1 protein Q9UNX3 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262496 KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 f miannu "We concluded that FBXL10 recruits the noncanonical PRC1 complex to directly repress Cdk1, Uhrf1, and Pparg that may account for the FBXL10-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-252246 "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268590 SYN3 protein O14994 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15265865 t miannu "Synapsins, a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins, have been demonstrated to regulate the availability of synaptic vesicles for exocytosis by binding to both synaptic vesicles and the actin cytoskeleton in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-269183 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser197 DRVSRSSsPLKTGEQ 9534 BTO:0000298 12756254 t miannu "After mapping JNK-dependent JIP1 phosphorylation sites and testing their functional significance, it was observed that phosphorylation by JNK of JIP1 on Thr-103 and not other phosphorylated JIP1 residues is necessary for the regulation of DLK association with JIP1, DLK activation, and subsequent module activation. The data presented corroborates our previous observations using endogenous proteins, demonstrates that JNK binding to JIP1 is necessary for module activation, and shows that activation of JIP1-JNK module dynamics requires phosphorylation of JIP1 on Thr-103 by JNK. and Thr-205 are phosphorylated directly by JNK after JNK binds to JIP1." SIGNOR-250124 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_block phenotype SIGNOR-PH10 SIGNOR up-regulates 15549093 f lperfetto "The BRCA1 protein also contributes to cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair by homologous recombination" SIGNOR-251499 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 EDAKKRLsVERIYQK 9606 BTO:0000567 12569090 t lperfetto "Here, we have shown that the enzymatic activity of topoisomerase II alpha protein purified from HeLa cell nuclei was strongly enhanced following phosphorylation by protein kinase C. | Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicated that phosphorylation of serine 29 generated both of these phosphopeptides." SIGNOR-249195 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20837657 t lperfetto "In canonical wnt signaling, dsh phosphorylation inhibits the apcaxingsk3 complex, leading to beta-catenin stabilization." SIGNOR-227914 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10913154 t lperfetto "P21 Inhibits Thr161 Phosphorylation of Cdc2 to Enforce the G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint|The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is required for a sustained G2 arrest after activation of the DNA damage checkpoint. Here we have addressed the mechanism by which p21 can contribute to this arrest in G2. We show that p21 blocks the activating phosphorylation of Cdc2 on Thr161" SIGNOR-251498 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser739 SKILLDIsFPGLDED 9606 19737929 t lperfetto "It has been reported that plk1 could directly phosphorylate foxm1 at ser-715 and ser-724 for full activation and proper mitotic progression" SIGNOR-187892 STIL protein Q15468 UNIPROT PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 16024801 t miannu "Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of sil is required for its interaction with pin1, a regulator of mitosis. Point mutation of the seven (s/t)p sites between amino acids 567 and 760 reduces mitotic phosphorylation of sil, pin1 binding, and spindle checkpoint duration." SIGNOR-138677 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19282669 t gcesareni "Erk-activates the rsk family of serine/threonine kinases,rsk1, rsk2, and rsk3." SIGNOR-161518 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser468 AVFTDLAsVDNSEFQ 9606 SIGNOR-C13 17183360 t gcesareni "Rela is phosphorylated at: ser276 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac), msk1 and msk2; at ser311 by the atypical pkczeta; at ser468 by ikkbeta, ikkepsilon and glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta); at ser529 by ck2; and at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1)) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k) ." SIGNOR-151422 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CCDC88A protein Q3V6T2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1417 INRERQKsLTLTPTR 9606 16139227 t llicata "Akt phosphorylates serine at position 1416 in girdin, and phosphorylated girdin accumulates at the leading edge of migrating cells." SIGNOR-252482 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 17132853 t miannu "The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma." SIGNOR-256195 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT ITGB8 protein P26012 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257667 ARHGAP21 protein Q5T5U3 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260475 "ibritumomab tiuxetan" antibody DB00078 DRUGBANK MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 27497027 t miannu "Zevalin® (ibritumomab tiuxetan) is a radioactive drug product, which is the combination of a β-emitting isotope, 90Y, linked to the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab. It has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy with durable responses and allows delivery of ionizing radiation directly to the tumor site, while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue. Ibritumomab tiuxetan is indicated for treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular NHL" SIGNOR-259893 SF3B5 protein Q9BWJ5 UNIPROT SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32140746 t lperfetto "Characterization of the purified SF3b complex indicated that it consists of seven proteins with a molecular size ranging from 10 to 155 kDa [10–12] (Fig. 1a). Due to methodological differences in identifying SF3b components in human and yeast, a number of names have been designated for these proteins across different species. In this review, I will use SF3b1-7 for consistency and clarity (Fig. 1a)." SIGNOR-268407 FEZF2 protein Q8TBJ5 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 23677067 f lperfetto "FEZF2, a novel 3p14 tumor suppressor gene, represses oncogene EZH2 and MDM2 expression and is frequently methylated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma." SIGNOR-268974 SLC27A3 protein Q5K4L6 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264464 TRIM21 protein P19474 UNIPROT GMPS protein P49915 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 24462112 t miannu "Cytoplasmic sequestration of gmps requires ubiquitylation by trim21, a ubiquitin ligase associated with autoimmune disease." SIGNOR-204478 KPNA2 protein P52292 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 32979938 t miannu "The results from Figure 1C suggest that ORF6 inhibits IFN-β production through IRF3 or a component downstream of IRF3. Thus, we examined the effect of ORF6 on IRF3 nuclear translocation. Upon poly(I:C) treatment, IRF3 translocated to the cell nucleus in the absence of ORF6, whereas the expression of ORF6 blocked its nuclear translocation (Figure 2D). Karyopherin α 1–6 (KPNA1–6) are importing factors for nuclear translocation of cargos, including IRF3, IRF7, and STAT1 (Chook and Blobel, 2001). Co-immunoprecipitation showed that ORF6 selectively interacted with KPNA2, but not the other KPNAs (Figure 2E), suggesting that ORF6 inhibits IFN-β production by binding to KPNA2 to block IRF3 nuclear translocation (Figure 2F)." SIGNOR-262514 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SNAP23 protein O00161 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser161 ENLTQVGsILGNLKD 9606 12930825 t lperfetto "Ion trap mass spectrometry revealed that platelet SNAP-23 was phosphorylated at Ser23/Thr24 and Ser161, after cell activation by thrombin; these sites were also identified in PKC-phosphorylated r-SNAP-23. SNAP-23 mutants that mimic phosphorylation at Ser23/Thr24 inhibited syntaxin 4 interactions, whereas a phosphorylation mutant of Ser161 had only minor effects. | Because mutants that mimic SNAP-23 phosphorylation affect syntaxin 4 interactions, we hypothesize that SNAP-23 phosphorylation may be important for modulating SNARE-complex interactions during membrane trafficking and fusion." SIGNOR-249227 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-236067 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC17 protein P23527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265379 PTPRK protein Q15262 UNIPROT ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0003009 31934854 t "We show that PTPRK acts via the transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF3, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling promoting Wnt receptor degradation, which is also expressed in the organizer." SIGNOR-260110 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT CyclinD1/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C143 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8114739 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the human PLSTIRE gene product is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk6. The cdk6 kinase is associated with cyclins D1, D2, and D3 in lysates of human cells and is activated by coexpression with D-type cyclins in Sf9 insect cells." SIGNOR-250681 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 11257231 t lperfetto "Our crystal structure of the complex between xiap (linker-bir2) and caspase-7 surprisingly revealed that the linker is the major determinant of binding and inhibition for the caspase." SIGNOR-105732 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271121 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr981 DNCSEEMyRLMLQCW 9606 14711813 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr806, tyr809, tyr900, tyr905, tyr981, tyr1062, tyr1090, and tyr1096 were autophosphorylation sitesthe results suggest that phosphorylation of tyr981 is not obligatorily required for the catalytic activity but plays a supplementary role in initiating autophosphorylation of tyr905, which brings about the overall kinase activity." SIGNOR-121169 glucocorticoid smallmolecule CHEBI:24261 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18049904 t miannu "Glucocorticoid action in cells is mediated by a specific receptor protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR is a member of a superfamily of ligand-inducible transcription factors that control a variety of physiological functions; such as, metabolism, development, and reproduction." SIGNOR-268048 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10026153 f lperfetto "The results suggest that c-src and csk are involved in igf-ir and ir signaling and that the interaction of csk with the igf-ir may play a role in the decrease in c-src activity following igf-i stimulation" SIGNOR-64676 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259034 "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:58017 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16939420 t miannu "PRPP (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate) is an important metabolite essential for nucleotide synthesis and PRS (PRPP synthetase) catalyses synthesis of PRPP from R5P (ribose 5-phosphate) and ATP." SIGNOR-267080 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 11909978 t "NF-kappa B activates prostate-specific antigen expression and is upregulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer." SIGNOR-253668 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PDCL protein Q13371 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser18 EKLQYYYsSSEDEDS 9606 16717095 t lperfetto "Phosducin-like protein (phlp) is a widely expressed binding partner of the g protein betagamma subunit complex (gbetagamma) that has been recently shown to catalyze the formation of the gbetagamma dimer from its nascent polypeptides. Phosphorylation of phlp at one or more of three consecutive serines (ser-18, ser-19, and ser-20) is necessary for gbetagamma dimer formation and is believed to be mediated by the protein kinase ck2." SIGNOR-146825 LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257432 CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9390557 t lperfetto "Caspase-9 and apaf-1 bind to each other via their respective nh2-terminal ced-3 homologous domains in the presence of cytochrome c and datp, an event that leads to caspase-9 activation." SIGNOR-53585 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser243 PGETPPLsPIDMESQ 9606 BTO:0000007 16023596 t lperfetto "The c-jun and c-myc oncogenic transcription factors are highly unstable proteins due to polyubiquitination. Similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.Phosphorylation of Thr-239 and Ser-243 is required for Fbw7-mediated c-Jun disappearance" SIGNOR-235892 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser244 LRASTSKsESSQK 9606 21233202 t lperfetto "In response to mitogenic stimuli, rps6 undergoes ordered c-terminal phosphorylation by p70 s6 kinases and p90 ribosomal s6 kinases on four conserved ser residues (ser-235, ser-236, ser-240, and ser-244) whose modification potentiates rps6 cap binding activity" SIGNOR-252764 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT FERMT3 protein Q86UX7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser484 LSLQRTGsGGPGNHP 9606 BTO:0000565 25609252 t miannu " PKC-induced phosphorylation events, as we have shown kindlin-3 to be a PKC phosphorylation target (Fig. 6C), are often followed by rapid activation of phosphatases (38). " SIGNOR-266415 DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15494734 t miannu "Here we show that different regions of the intracellular domain of DCC directly interacted with the tyrosine kinases Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Netrin activated both FAK and Src and stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of DCC. Inhibition of Src family kinases reduced DCC tyrosine phosphorylation and blocked both axon attraction and outgrowth of neurons in response to netrin. Mutation of the tyrosine phosphorylation residue in DCC abolished its function of mediating netrin-induced axon attraction. On the basis of our observations, we suggest a model in which DCC functions as a kinase-coupled receptor, and FAK and Src act immediately downstream of DCC in netrin signaling." SIGNOR-268371 GEMIN6 protein Q8WXD5 UNIPROT "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12065586 t lperfetto "SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex that also contains Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6. The SMN complex functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and probably other ribonucleoprotein particles. We have identified a novel protein component of the SMN complex termed Gemin7 using native purified SMN complexes and peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-253120 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 10085140 t gcesareni "On the other hand, sapks such as jnks and p38 phosphorylate atf-2 at thr-69, thr-71, and ser-90 which lie close to the n-terminal transcriptional activation domain and stimulate itstrans-activating capacity our results indicate that atf-2 not only directly binds to smad3/4 hetero-oligomers but also that atf-2 is phosphorylated by tgf- signaling via tak1 and p38." SIGNOR-65597 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 35082605 f "Non-canonical pathway (Gli1-indipendent): SMO/AMPK" SimoneGraziosi "We show that GSA-10 promotes Gli2 upregulation, MBP and MAL/OPALIN expression via Smo/AMPactivated Protein Kinase (AMPK) signaling, and efficiently increases the number of axonal contact/ensheathment for each oligodendroglial cell." SIGNOR-269226 DEAF1 protein O75398 UNIPROT RAC3 protein P60763 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 18826651 t Gianni "Affymetrix gene profiling studies revealed Rac3 as a potential target gene and quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that Rac3 was upregulated by Deaf-1 in immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cells." SIGNOR-269059 CFI protein P05156 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000089 26806831 t lperfetto "FH also serves as cofactor for the serine protease factor I (FI) that cleaves C3b into iC3b, unable to form C3 convertase (Fig 1B)." SIGNOR-263489 RPL3 protein P39023 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262495 DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001950 17667941 t miannu "DDX3 is a human RNA helicase with plethoric functions. we identified translation initiation factor eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) as a DDX3-binding partner. Interestingly, DDX3 utilizes a consensus eIF4E-binding sequence YIPPHLR to interact with the functionally important dorsal surface of eIF4E in a similar manner to other eIF4E-binding proteins. Furthermore, cap affinity chromatography analysis suggests that DDX3 traps eIF4E in a translationally inactive complex by blocking interaction with eIF4G." SIGNOR-269200 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser326 PPKMWKTsPDPSPVS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248523 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins." SIGNOR-16677 LPAR5 protein Q9H1C0 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256718 AIMP1 protein Q12904 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270359 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr560 TSEPVQLtPDDEDAI 9606 11141077 t gcesareni "Our findings suggest that insulin, via pip(3), provokes increases in pkc-zeta enzyme activity through (a) pdk-1-dependent t410 loop phosphorylation, (b) t560 autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-85505 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SPR protein P35270 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser213 QQLARETsVDPDMRK 11825621 t llicata "Phosphorylation sites of rat sepiapterin reductase (rSPR) by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II were determined in the present study. Using specific monoclonal anti-phospho-Ser and -Thr antibodies, we found that only Ser residues of rSPR were phosphorylated. We constructed several point mutants of SPR by systematically replacing the three Ser residues by Ala ones. These mutants showed that all three Ser residues, i.e. S46, S196, and S214, of rSPR were phosphorylated. We also recognized that only Ser-213 of human SPR was phosphorylated. " SIGNOR-250705 CLTC protein Q00610 UNIPROT "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260676 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT PAX8 protein Q06710 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000763 19010321 t miannu "Taz is a coactivator for pax8 and ttf-1, two transcription factors involved in thyroid differentiation. / we show that this interaction leads to a significant enhancement of the transcriptional activity of pax8 and ttf-1 on the thyroglobulin promoter thus suggesting a role of taz in the control of genes involved in thyroid development and differentiation." SIGNOR-182253 CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11706010 f miannu "Depleting HeLa cell nuclear extract of endogenous CTCF specifically reduced transcriptional activity from the APP promoter. CTCF activates transcription from the APP promoter and that the activation domain is located on the N-terminal side of the zinc finger domain." SIGNOR-253823 KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT KLF8 protein O95600 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000759 18687676 t Luana "Here we report that Klf8 is repressed by Klf3 in vivo and is up-regulated by Klf1. Transcript analysis indicates that Klf8 has two promoters, both containing multiple CACCC elements. Transactivation assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that Klf3 represses Klf8 directly and that Klf1 activates Klf8 directly. " SIGNOR-266050 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 SSVSSSPsPPFGHSA 9606 12050114 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro." SIGNOR-88744 EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257428 FFAR1 protein O14842 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257071 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr226 LQAQNLLtQLPQQSQ 9606 9368058 t lperfetto "Through a similar strategy, t226 and s232 were characterized as the dna-pk phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-53262 POGLUT1 protein Q8NBL1 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates glycosylation 9606 22872643 t O-glycosilation gcesareni "O-glucosylation of epidermal growth factor-like (egf) repeats in the extracellular domain of notch is essential for notch function. A udp-glucose:protein o-glucosyltransferase (poglut/rumi) transfers o-glucose to serine within the o-glucose consensus." SIGNOR-254319 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15664191 t gcesareni "Mapkerk1/2 is also able to phopshorylate the egf receptor, the ras exchange factor sos, mkkkraf1, and mkkmek1. The phosphorylation of each of these proteins by mapkerk1/2 is believed to reduce their catalytic activity. previous studies have shown that phosphorylation is required for raf-1 activation, and here, we identify six phosphorylation sites that contribute to the downregulation of raf-1 after mitogen stimulation. Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated erk" SIGNOR-133345 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GIGYF2 protein Q6Y7W6 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser30 SITSPPLsPALPKYK 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262775 ELAVL3 protein Q14576 UNIPROT ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19221430 t miannu "Neuronal ELAV (nELAV) proteins are RNA-binding proteins which play a physiological role in controlling gene expression in memory formation, and their alteration may contribute to cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The experiments show for the first time that ADAM10mRNA represents a nELAV target and that these RNA-binding proteins can play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of ADAM10 expression. nELAV proteins specifically bind the ADAM10 mRNA and this binding is disrupted following Aβ exposure" SIGNOR-266864 ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR Cytoskeleton_organization phenotype SIGNOR-PH89 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26775243 f miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit." SIGNOR-265535 DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18829551 t miannu "P68 is a nuclear protein and interacts with ar / p68 co-occupies the active psa promoter at are regions and enhances ar transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-181456 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr612 TLHTDDGyMPMSPGV 10029 BTO:0000246 7651388 t lperfetto "Therefore, during insulin stimulation irs-1 undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation, and a portion of tyrosine phosphorylated irs-1 associated with the insulin receptor. The insulin receptor substrate-1 (irs-1) is rapidly phosphorylated on several tyrosine residues by the activated insulin receptor. Insulin signals are mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs-1) and shc by the activated insulin receptor (ir)." SIGNOR-236756 NR1H4 protein Q96RI1 UNIPROT ABCB4 protein P21439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000575 14527955 f miannu "Here we show that the MDR3 gene is trans-activated by the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) via a direct binding of FXR/retinoid X receptor alpha heterodimers to a highly conserved inverted repeat element (a FXR response element) at the distal promoter (-1970 to -1958)." SIGNOR-254833 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Jnk and p38 mapk activation have antagonistic effects in many cases. From a mechanicistic point of view, the p38 mapk pathway can negatively regulate jnk activity at the level of map3ks, either by phosphorylating mlk3 or the tak1 regulatory subunit tab2" SIGNOR-166605 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 26387839 t lperfetto "BIGH3 binds molecules of the ECM, including fibronectin, laminin and different collagens ( Hashimoto et al., 1997 ; Hanssen et al., 2003) and serves as a ligand for several integrins|BIGH3 has been shown to interact with α3β1, αvβ3, αvβ5, α1β1, α6β4 and α7β1 integrin heterodimers" SIGNOR-253269 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser711 NPAKEPTsVSENEGI -1 11328814 t miannu "Here we incubated a recombinant preparation of the phospholipase in vitro with several enzymes including protein kinase CK2 (CK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to identify effects that might be of regulatory importance in vivo.Major findings were that 1) CK2 phosphorylated the phospholipase on serines 93, 105, and 716; 2) ERK2 phosphorylated the enzyme on serine 730; 3) there was cross-antagonism between the reactions that phosphorylated serines 716 and 730; 4) PP2A selectively hydrolyzed phosphate groups that were esterified to serines 716 and 730. The results of two independent experiments with each type of assay indicated that the incubation caused a 50% loss of phospholipase activity (TableV). These results differed from those of corresponding incubation experiments with PA-PLA1α plus ERK2 and MgATP (see “Experimental Procedures”), which provided no evidence for complex formation or phosphorylation-dependent loss of phospholipase activity" SIGNOR-262977 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136." SIGNOR-81141 CDX2/PAX6/P300 complex SIGNOR-C33 SIGNOR GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10506141 f miannu "Pax-6 and cdx-2 also directly interacted with one another at the protein level. pax-6, bound to its dna recognition site in the glucagon g1 promoter element, tethered cdx-2 to the molecular complex of pax-6 and p300. Further, we found that the presence of cdx-2 enhanced the interaction of pax-6 with p300, thus establishing a molecular complex of transcription factors implicated in tissue-specific glucagon gene expression with the basal transcriptional machinery." SIGNOR-70957 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1466 KSSEYPIsQNPEGLS 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t lperfetto "The brca1 (breast cancer gene 1) tumor suppressor protein is phosphorylated in response to dna damage. phosphorylation of brca1 by the checkpoint kinase atm may be critical for proper responses to dna double-strand breaks" SIGNOR-72060 COL12A1 protein Q99715 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Types XII and XIV collagen are fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) localized primarily to perimysium.23 While they appear to link fibrillar collagen to other ECM components, their precise function is not known" SIGNOR-254671 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1738 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269340 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNQ5 protein Q9NR82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser88 GKQGARMsLLGKPLS 9606 BTO:0001660 30061510 t miannu "We conclude that phosphorylation of S53 on the amino terminus of Kv7.5 is essential for PKA-dependent enhancement of channel activity in response to βAR activation in vascular and airway smooth muscle cells." SIGNOR-265980 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser511 PIGEDEEsESD -1 9045708 t llicata "Purified CKI and CKII phosphorylate the wild-type carboxyl terminus of VMAT2, but not a double mutant with both serines 512 and 514 replaced by alanine. The protein kinase inhibitor CKI-7 and unlabeled GTP both block in vitro phosphorylation by cell homogenates, indicating a role for CKII and possibly CKI in vivo. Both kinases phosphorylate the VMAT2 fusion protein to a much greater extent than a similar fusion protein containing the carboxyl terminus of VMAT1, consistent with differential phosphorylation of the two transporters observed in intact cells. " SIGNOR-250953 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr153 LAYILSMePCGHCLI 9606 15657060 t Manara "We show that ABL1 phosphorylates caspase-9 on Tyr-153 in vitro and in cells treated with DNA damaging agents. ! Moreover, inhibition of ABL1 with STI571 blocked DNA damage-induced autoprocessing of caspase-9 to the p35 subunit and activation of caspase-3." SIGNOR-260792 PRMT1 protein Q99873 UNIPROT CNBP protein P62633 UNIPROT down-regulates methylation Arg25 ECPTGGGrGRGMRSR 9606 24726729 t miannu "Cnbp interacts with protein arginine methyltransferase prmt1 / r25 or r27 appear to be the major methylation sites in cnbp /arginine methylation of cnbp impedes rna binding" SIGNOR-204958 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF43 protein Q68DV7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271009 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265439 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12370315 f gcesareni "It has been shown that maml1 binds directly to the ankyrin repeat region of notch1 and forms a dna-binding complex with icn and csl" SIGNOR-94029 PLXNB3 protein Q9ULL4 UNIPROT FSCN1 protein Q16658 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000526 21706053 f miannu "Sema5A regulates the phosphorylation states of fascin-1 through plexin-B3." SIGNOR-268374 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 9182803 t gcesareni "A receptor complex comprised of trnr1 (gdnfr alpha) and ret was recently identified and found to be capable of mediating both gdnf and ntn signaling" SIGNOR-49094 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249639 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PITPNM1 protein O00562 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr794 LEMLVPStPTSTSGA 9606 15125835 t lperfetto "Both cdk1 and erk2 induced phosphorylation of the wild-type nir2. Substitution of t794 by alanine reduced the phosphorylation by erk2, whereas the double mutations t794/1223a completely abolished it. The requirement of multiple nir2 phosphorylation sites for plk1 binding may provide a mechanism that sets a threshold for the nir2-plk1 interaction during mitosis." SIGNOR-124650 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252875 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BW2 protein P0C1H6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265395 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Akt inactivates protein degradation by phosphorylating and thus repressing the transcription factors of the foxo family, and stimulates protein synthesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (gsk3b)." SIGNOR-175294 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NHLRC1 protein Q6VVB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271135 PLCD4 protein Q9BRC7 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 8395015 t gcesareni "Hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip2) by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) generates two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol." SIGNOR-39041 DLL4 protein Q9NR61 UNIPROT PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16140393 t lperfetto "Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate choice during development with Delta and Jagged constituting the two evolutionary conserved families of Notch ligands. These ligands are transmembrane proteins with conserved biochemical structure that share their receptors and signal through a common mechanism. Upon ligand binding Notch receptors are proteoliticaly cleaved, the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) is released and translocated to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. In mammals, four receptors and five ligands have been described. Delta-1, Delta-3 and Delta-4 are homologues to Drosophila Delta and Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 to Drosophila Serrate." SIGNOR-209744 NFE2L1 protein Q14494 UNIPROT NQO1 protein P15559 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8962164 f irozzo "These results indicated that hARE-mediated expression of the NQO1 gene and its induction by xenobiotics and antioxidants are mediated by Nrf1 and Nrf2." SIGNOR-256280 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CCNB1IP1 protein Q9NPC3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271052 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT SND1 protein Q7KZF4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29296233 t irozzo "These findings reveal that SREBP-2 and SREBP-1 bind to specific sites in SND1 promoter and regulate SND1 transcription in opposite ways; it is induced by SREBP-2 activating conditions and repressed by SREBP-1 overexpression." SIGNOR-259136 PI4KA protein P42356 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269096 NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR XPOT protein O43592 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 9660920 t miannu "Exportin-t Is Predominantly Nuclear, Binds NPCs, and Shuttles Rapidly between Nucleus and Cytoplasm. RanGTP appears to have at least two functions in this complex. First, it stabilizes the tRNA/exportin-t interaction (see Figure 4B). Second, exportin-t apparently has to bind RanGTP for rapid exit from the nucleus . RanGTP causing a conformational change in exportin-t, which increases the affinity for export sites at the NPC. Exportin-t probably makes a direct contact to the NPC and accounts for the interactions that drive translocation of the tRNA/exportin-t/RanGTP complex out of the nucleus." SIGNOR-261394 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr243 ARRLCDLyYINSPEL 9606 22195962 t llicata "Mitochondrial pdhk1 is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated by fgfr1 in cancer cells further mass spectrometric analysis identified three tyrosine residues of pdhk1, including y136, y243 and y244, that are phosphorylated by fgfr1" SIGNOR-191723 NRG4 protein Q8WWG1 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 7477375 t "Does not bind to the ERBB1, ERBB2 and ERBB3 receptors" gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-26280 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPC3 protein Q13507 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser703 SLVPSPKsFVYFIMR 9606 BTO:0000671 15533987 t gcesareni "There are two known phosphorylation-mediated inactivation mechanisms for trpc3 channels. Protein kinase g (pkg) inactivates trpc3 by direct phosphorylation on thr-11 and ser-263 of the trpc3 proteins, and protein kinase c (pkc) inactivates trpc3 by phosphorylation on ser-712." SIGNOR-130269 MRGPRD protein Q8TDS7 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR down-regulates 10116 23446738 f Luana "Alamandine produces several physiological actions that resemble those produced by angiotensin-(1-7), including vasodilation, antifibrosis, antihypertensive, and central effects. Interestingly, our data reveal that its actions are independent of the known vasodilator receptors of the RAS, Mas, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Rather, we demonstrate that alamandine acts through the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor, member D." SIGNOR-262309 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser57 KKDRFYRsILPGDKT 10116 18586681 t "Both sites were dephosphorylated with the same kinetics; the anti-Ser(P)198 antibody was subsequently used as it exhibited lower background staining. Direct comparison of PP2Cα with purified PP1 and PP2A lead us to conclude that at the same molar ratio PP2Cα was the most efficient in dephosphorylating PAK1 (Fig. 1D). In this case we monitored two autophosphorylation sites in the Pak1 N-terminal regulatory region (Ser57 and Ser198/203) using phosphospecific antibodies: both sites showed the same kinetics of inactivation." SIGNOR-248641 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT HAMP protein P81172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001950 18671304 f miannu "HCV-induced ROS stabilized the expression of two negative hepcidin regulators, HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha, and its expression was decreased by a HDAC inhibitor or an anti-oxidant. HCV-induced ROS also caused hypoacetylation of histones and inhibited binding of two positive regulators, C/EBPalpha and STAT3, to the hepcidin promoter, whereas anti-oxidant treatment of cells recovered C/EBPalpha and STAT3 binding to the hepcidin promoter." SIGNOR-255239 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF182 protein Q8N6D2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271072 RPL32 protein P62910 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262468 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "TGF-b ligands bind to TGF-b type II receptor (TbRII), which transphosphorylates and activates TGF-b type I receptor (TbRI)." SIGNOR-255031 HAP1 protein P54257 UNIPROT AHI1 protein Q8N157 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000452 23532844 t miannu "Huntingtin-associated protein-1 (Hap1) is a regulatory protein that binds Ahi1, and Hap1 knock-out mice have been reported to have JBTS-like phenotypes, suggesting a role for Hap1 in ciliogenesis." SIGNOR-269081 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser99 KEEEEGIsQESSEEE -1 2806554 t llicata "Sequence analysis of the native peptide (90-107) after treatment, which specifically converts phosphoserine residues to S-ethylcysteine, revealed that 70-80% of serine residues 102 and 103 were phosphorylated in vivo. Both residues were fully phosphorylated in vitro by incubation with casein kinase II. These results suggest that casein kinase II is involved in the regulation of HMG-I function in the cells. | After an 80 min incubation with CK-II, both serines were fully phosphorylated to 1 mol/mol and serine-99 to 0.3 mol/mol." SIGNOR-250894 RAI1 protein Q7Z5J4 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22578325 f miannu "Data further show that haploinsufficiency of RAI1 and Rai1 in SMS fibroblasts and the mouse hypothalamus, respectively, results in the transcriptional dysregulation of the circadian clock and causes altered expression and regulation of multiple circadian genes, including PER2, PER3, CRY1, BMAL1, and others." SIGNOR-266843 "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR Protein_degradation phenotype SIGNOR-PH96 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29636472 f lperfetto "The proteasome is a sophisticated ATP-dependent molecular machine responsible for protein degradation in all known eukaryotic cells. " SIGNOR-263375 KMT2C protein Q8NEZ4 UNIPROT "MLL3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C446 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34156443 t miannu "MLL3/KMT2C and MLL4/KMT2D are two paralogous histone modifiers that belong to the SET1/MLL (also named COMPASS) family of lysine methyltransferases and play critical roles in enhancer-regulated gene activation. MLL3 and MLL4 form identical multi-protein complexes for modifying mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) at enhancers, which together with the p300/CBP-mediated H3K27 acetylation can generate an active enhancer landscape for long-range target gene activation." SIGNOR-268809 SGCA protein Q16586 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255985 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257614 HECTD3 protein Q5T447 UNIPROT STX8 protein Q9UNK0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18821010 t miannu "Our co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that Syntaxin 8 directly interacts with HECTd3 and that the overexpression of HECTd3 promotes the ubiquitination of Syntaxin 8.  Immunoprecipitates probed with the anti-ubiquitin (Santa Cruz) antibody could be recognized by the anti-ubiquin antibody (Fig. 3a), indicating that the shift of the His-syntaxin 8 protein bands were caused by polyubiquitin conjugations. Our data suggest that HECTd3 may function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase to promote the ubiquitination and degradation of Syntaxin 8 through the proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-271772 COL4A4 protein P53420 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12778132 t "Type IV collagen is the most abundant Type IV collagen is the most abundant constituent of the BM…All of the type IV collagen in mammals is derived from six genetically distinct alpha-chain polypeptides (alpha1-alpha6)" SIGNOR-254668 "NLRC4 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C223 SIGNOR Pyroptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH105 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30166988 f miannu "Once activated by a ligand, inflammasomes lead to the activation of a caspase. Activated caspases allow the release of mature forms of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and trigger a specific pro-inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Accumulating data suggest that inflammasomes, mainly NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2, are involved in the generation of tissue damage and immune dysfunction after trauma." SIGNOR-263122 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 22848740 t "We show that FOXO3 binds and activates its own promoter via a positive autoregulatory feedback loop" SIGNOR-255757 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 QQQSYLDsGIHSGAT 9606 BTO:0000586 SIGNOR-C110 16293724 t gcesareni "This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-141799 ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257109 LRP1B protein Q9NZR2 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 28408316 t irozzo "In this study, we have shown that LRP1B inhibited the activity of beta-catenin/TCF signaling possibly by interacting with DVL2. The molecular mechanism study revealed that LRP1B interacted with DVL2, inhibited the interaction between DVL2 and Axin, and negatively regulated beta-catenin/TCF signaling." SIGNOR-259090 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14981546 f "FLT3-ITD signaling contributes to transcriptional inhibition of p27Kip1 and Bim gene expression" SIGNOR-261525 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257183 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 8755732 t lperfetto "Rapid digestion of pp60c-src tyrosine kinase (src TK) in combination with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry enabled the determination of the time course for autophosphorylation of three tyrosine sites (Y338, Y419, and Y530) and a correlation with src TK activity. Here, conditions were identified which promoted essentially complete autophosphorylation of y530. Phosphorylation of y530 was directly correlated to a decrease in tyrosine kinase activity" SIGNOR-43315 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser209 DTATKSGsTTKNRFV 10090 8662663 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of eIF-4E on serine 209 by protein kinase C is inhibited by the translational repressors, 4E-binding proteins." SIGNOR-248947 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259227 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NOLC1 protein Q14978 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser622 KKGEKRAsSPFRRVR -1 12167624 t miannu "PKA-dependent Nopp140 phosphorylation is important for its role in agp gene activation. both Ser627 and Ser628 are phosphorylated by PKA." SIGNOR-250019 4-fluoro-N-{2-[4-(7-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}benzamide chemical CHEBI:64101 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258858 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr627 KGDKQVEyLDLDLDS 9606 11323411 t "These results suggest that Tyr(P)-627 and Tyr(P)-659 of Gab1 constitute a bisphosphoryl tyrosine-based activation motif (BTAM) that binds and activates SHP2.|Thus, physical association of activated SHP2 with Gab1 is necessary and sufficient to mediate the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Phosphopeptides derived from Gab1 were dephosphorylated by active SHP2 in vitro." SIGNOR-248674 ARHGAP31 protein Q2M1Z3 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260489 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9606 BTO:0000007 12600984 t lperfetto "We also showed that phosphorylation of Tyr-315 in Akt induced by Src or EGF is dependent on the integrity of this proline-rich motif. Furthermore, the Akt mutant lacking this proline motif fails to block the transcription activity of Forkhead in 293 cells and poorly stimulates the proliferation of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Taken together, our data suggest that the interaction between the SH3 domain of Src family kinases and the proline-rich motif in the C-terminal regulatory region of Akt is required for tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt and its subsequent activation." SIGNOR-246373 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21892142 t gcesareni "Ampk has also been suggested to phosphorylate the glucose-sensitive transcription factor chrebpthe dna binding activity, as assayed in a gel-shift assay of the truncated chrebp, was gradually inactivated with time by treatment with ampk" SIGNOR-176494 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser421 IACEEEFsDSEEEGE 9606 11602581 t gcesareni "Human hdac1 protein was analyzed by ion trap mass spectrometry, and two phosphorylated serine residues, ser(421) and ser(423), were unambiguously identified. Loss of phosphorylation at ser(421) and ser(423) due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of hdac1." SIGNOR-111011 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg41 TNATLDPrSFLLRNP -1 10978167 t lperfetto "Thrombin cleaved PAR1E at the Arg41-Ser42 activation site at concentrations known to induce cellular activation, supporting a native conformation of the recombinant polypeptide." SIGNOR-263569 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT LSP1 protein P33241 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser252 PKLARQAsIELPSMA -1 8995217 t miannu "LSP1 is the major substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 in human neutrophils. . Inspection of the human LSP1 protein sequence (22) identifies two serine residues at positions 204 and 252 as potential phosphorylation sites. The results show that LSP1 is a substrate for MAPKAP kinase 2 in vitro and that the phosphorylation site(s) are located in the C-terminal 152 amino acid residues, as predicted from the sequence." SIGNOR-250148 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr354 RKPANDItSQLEINF 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249248 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser719 PCTPRLRsVSSYGNI 9606 SIGNOR-C3 18722121 t llicata "Ser719, ser721, and ser722 are the predominant rsk-dependent phosphorylation sites in raptor raptor phosphorylation regulates mtorc1 activity" SIGNOR-180458 panobinostat chemical CHEBI:85990 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257754 HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000876 11901318 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Free hemoglobin enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in isolated human monocytes." SIGNOR-251752 PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20006729 t gcesareni "Pax3 binds to lef1 pax3 activity may directly effect the expression of factors regulated by signal transduction pathways dependent on lef1." SIGNOR-162100 ZRANB1 protein Q9UGI0 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 29748601 t miannu "Trabid inhibits Twist1 activity by cleaving RNF8-mediated Twist1 K63-linked ubiquitination" SIGNOR-273502 paliperidone chemical CHEBI:82978 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258564 TARS1 protein P26639 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25824639 t miannu "Here we show, using X-ray crystal structures and functional analyses, that a single molecule of borrelidin simultaneously occupies four distinct subsites within the catalytic domain of bacterial and human ThrRSs. These include the three substrate-binding sites for amino acid, ATP and tRNA associated with aminoacylation, and a fourth 'orthogonal' subsite created as a consequence of binding." SIGNOR-270505 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr393 RLMTGDTyTAHAGAK 9606 11847100 t lperfetto "c-Src-induced c-Abl activation involves phosphorylation of Y245 and Y412, two residues required for c-Abl mitogenic function." SIGNOR-246311 ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT MAP1LC3C protein Q9BXW4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 15187094 t lperfetto "Human atg4 homologues cleave the carboxyl termini of the three human atg8 homologues, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (lc3), gabarap, and gate-16." SIGNOR-125489 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18697834 f "Simone Vumbaca" "we showed that β-catenin, a key component of the canonical Wnt-signalling cascade, is present in quiescent satellite cells in the inactive form, but subsequently becomes activated following satellite-cell activation. This observation suggests that the proliferation initiated by the Wnt-signalling cascade does not have to rely on transcription of β-catenin, but rather on activation of this protein, which is already present within the quiescent satellite cells." SIGNOR-255654 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser299 GRDSRSGsPMARR 9606 10880969 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation decreased the ability of mbp to polymerize actin and to bundle actin filaments but had no effect on the dissociation constant of the mbp-actin complex or on the ability of ca2+-calmodulin to dissociate the complex. The most significant effect of phosphorylation on the mbp-actin complex was a dramatic reduction in its ability to bind to negatively charged lipid bilayers. Mass spectrometry and peptide sequencing allowed us to identify serine 164 of mbp as the unique site phosphorylated by kis. Phosphorylation of synthetic peptides indicated the importance of the proline residue at position +1." SIGNOR-78895 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT BEST1 protein O76090 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004595 14982938 f miannu "These studies define the VMD2 promoter region sufficient to drive RPE-specific expression in the eye, identify positive regulatory regions in vitro, and suggest that MITF as well as other E-box binding factors may act as positive regulators of VMD2 expression." SIGNOR-254586 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 16331276 f miannu "We identified a foxa1 binding site within the brca1-responsive element of the p27(kip1) promoter and showed that foxa1 activated the promoter alone and in conjunction with brca1." SIGNOR-142888 phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266532 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 10090 BTO:0000944 7889942 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that elk-1, a protein closely related to p62tcf in function, is a nuclear target of two members of the map kinase family, erk1 and erk2, erk1 phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-1 (s324,t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-235455 RABGGTA protein Q92696 UNIPROT RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" lipidation 9606 BTO:0000007 18532927 t miannu "Prenylation (or geranylgeranylation) of Rab GTPases is catalysed by RGGT (Rab geranylgeranyl transferase) and requires REP (Rab escort protein). In the classical pathway, REP associates first with unprenylated Rab, which is then prenylated by RGGT. In the alternative pathway, REP associates first with RGGT; this complex then binds and prenylates Rab proteins. Rab GTPases need to be geranylgeranylated on either one or two cysteine residues in their Ctermini in order to localize to the correct intracellular membrane and be functional" SIGNOR-265572 "KMN network" complex SIGNOR-C366 SIGNOR Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 f lperfetto "Based on our results, we propose that the cooperative action of CENP-A NAC/CAD subunits and the KMN network drives efficient chromosome segregation and bipolar spindle assembly during mitosis." SIGNOR-265220 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1913 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120060 SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT TERB1 protein Q8NA31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR-C305 33015044 t lperfetto "In this study, we found that SUN1 not only interacted with TERB1 but also interacted with MAJIN, and the interaction of SUN1 with MAJIN is stronger than TERB1. We also found that SUN1 interacted with SPDYA, an activator of CDK2. | It will be of great interest to test this hypothesis to fully understand the mechanisms of stable telomere–NE connection and telomere movement along the NE driven by the LINC complex." SIGNOR-263299 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1871 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120132 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1675 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120012 ATP5F1A protein P25705 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261396 RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR RXR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF44 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 1310351 t miannu "Cellular responsiveness to retinoic acid and its metabolites is conferred through two structurally and pharmacologically distinct families of receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Here we report that the transcriptional activity of RAR and RXR can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins." SIGNOR-256198 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT ANLN protein Q9NQW6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16040610 t miannu " Ubiquitination of anillin required a destruction-box and was mediated by Cdh1, an activator of APC/C. Overexpression of Cdh1 reduced the levels of anillin, whereas inactivation of APC/C(Cdh1) increased the half-life of anillin." SIGNOR-272654 JARID2 protein Q92833 UNIPROT NPPA protein P01160 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003324 15542826 f miannu "JMJ physically associates with Nkx2.5 and GATA4 in vitro and in vivo as determined by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays. we show that JMJ represses ANF gene expression by inhibiting transcriptional activities of Nkx2.5 and GATA4." SIGNOR-224790 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser320 QRSRKRLsQDAYRRN 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t esanto "Pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation. The use of p47phox mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc?, ???, And ?." SIGNOR-89229 CNKSR1 protein Q969H4 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22830020 t gcesareni "Cnk1 binds to rassf1a and promotes apoptosis through a pathway that requires rassf1a and mst kinases." SIGNOR-198432 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257047 CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9680354 t apalma "The high-affinity GMR is known to be composed of a specific ligand-binding alpha subunit (GMRα) and a common beta subunit (βc), which is also a component of the interleukins-3 (IL-3) and -5 (IL-5) receptors." SIGNOR-255582 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser55 KPRHKIIsIFSGTEK -1 10075701 t miannu "Eight autophosphorylation sites were identified in Cdc42-activated gamma-PAK, six of which are in common with those previously reported in alpha-PAK, while Ser-19 and Ser-165 appear to be uniquely phosphorylated in the gamma-form. Further, the phosphorylation of Ser-141, Ser-165, and Thr-402 was found to correlate with gamma-PAK activation. Autophosphorylation of γ-PAK with MgATP alone takes place at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197." SIGNOR-250229 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265434 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9748228 t fspada "Bmp7 stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous smad1 and 5, formation of complexes with smad4 and induced the promoter for the homeobox gene, tlx2" SIGNOR-60174 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 14633703 t lperfetto "Here, we identify PP1 as a serine/threonine phosphatase that associates with and dephosphorylates AKT in breast cancer cells|The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin and the ErbB inhibitor ZD1839 promote rapid PP1 phosphatase-dependent inactivation of AKT in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-264659 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT NR2F6 protein P10588 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253793 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC5 protein P58876 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265378 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1365 NVKCVAPyPSLLSSE 9606 BTO:0000007 12475979 t "When co-expressed in 293 cells, the full-length substrate-trapping mutant form of DEP-1 formed a stable complex with the chimeric receptor colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF)-Met and wild type DEP-1 dephosphorylated CSF-Met. Furthermore, we observed that DEP-1 preferentially dephosphorylated a Gab1 binding site (Tyr(1349)) and a COOH-terminal tyrosine implicated in morphogenesis (Tyr(1365))," SIGNOR-248703 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25721664 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxo3 targets Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we show that another F-box protein Fbxo3, belonging to the FBXO type protein family, also interacts with and targets Smurf1 for poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The SCF complex is composed of F-box protein, Skp1, Cullin1 (Cul1) and ROC1. Fbxo3, whose substrates are few, forms SCF Fbxo3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates the degradations of Fbxl2, p62, HIPK2 and p300 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272443 IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 30029643 f areggio "In addition, level of mRNAs encoding C/EBPa, PPARg and FABP4, the classic adipogenic markers, was significantly lower in samples administrated with IL-15" SIGNOR-256228 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser400 SRDESTDsGLSMSSY 9606 phosphorylation:Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 24715453 t milica "LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved serine in this region (Ser311 in human TAZ; Ser397 in human YAP) primes for further phosphorylation by CK1_/_ kinases (Ser314 on human TAZ; Ser400/403 in human YAP)" SIGNOR-230728 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19365405 t gcesareni "B-catenin-independent wnt signaling can activate rho family gtpases through at least two mechanisms: (1) direct activation of rac1 by dvl;and (2) activation of rhoa via dvl-associated activator of morphogenesis-1 (daam1), possibly through the weak-similarity guaninenucleotide exchange factor (wgef)1." SIGNOR-185274 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF20 protein Q5VTR2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271111 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser742 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 9606 15024053 t llicata "Here we show that activation of pkd in response to oxidative stress requires two sequential signaling events, i.e., phosphorylation of tyr463 by abl, which in turn promotes a second step, phosphorylation of the pkd activation loop (ser738/ser742). We show that this is mediated by pkcdelta (protein kinase cdelta)" SIGNOR-123453 RBM10 protein P98175 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001938 30403180 f irozzo "Cell apoptosis is an important event in cancer progression. Overexpression of RBM10 dramatically induced U2OS cell apoptosis compared with negative control cells." SIGNOR-259150 KLHL25 protein Q9H0H3 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002552 27664236 t miannu "Here, we found that CUL3 interacts with ACLY through its adaptor protein, KLHL25 (Kelch-like family member 25), to ubiquitinate and degrade ACLY in cells. " SIGNOR-272334 DEF6 protein Q9H4E7 UNIPROT RAP1B protein P61224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 26483383 t lperfetto "Mechanistic studies revealed that SLAT interacts, through its PH domain, with a key component of inside-out signaling, namely the active form of the small GTPase Rap1 (which has two isoforms, Rap1A and Rap1B). This interaction has been further shown to facilitate the interdependent recruitment of Rap1 and SLAT to the T cell immunological synapse upon TCR engagement. Furthermore, a SLAT mutant lacking its PH domain drastically inhibited LFA-1 activation and CD4(+) T cell adhesion." SIGNOR-253366 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 PMYQRQMsEPNIPFP 9606 12213813 t lperfetto "Here we describe that the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1), a protein kinase downstream of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subclass of MAPKs, binds to ER81, phosphorylates it, and enhances ER81-dependent transcription. Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation." SIGNOR-252769 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM3 protein O75382 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271146 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBB4A protein P04350 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-117025 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)." SIGNOR-269896 BACH1 protein O14867 UNIPROT HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31257027 t "BACH1 activates transcription of Hexokinase 2 and Gapdh and increases glucose uptake, glycolysis rates, and lactate secretion, thereby stimulating glycolysis-dependent metastasis of mouse and human lung cancer cells." SIGNOR-259338 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT TFF3 protein Q07654 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0004055 17182120 t "The transcription of human TFF3 reporter genes was significantly up-regulated by the transient overexpression of CDX2 in COS-7 cells and AGS gastric cells." SIGNOR-253967 PPP1R9B protein Q96SB3 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001976 15996550 f miannu "Neurabin and spinophilin are preferentially expressed in neurons, where they are highly localized to dendritic spines via an interaction with F-actin. The results obtained in the present study suggest a mechanism by which neurabin or spinophilin contributes to the organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines, and in turn to the regulation of spine morphology, via the activity-dependent recruitment of the Rho-specific GEF Lfc" SIGNOR-269179 LYST protein Q99698 UNIPROT RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 7227 33725482 t lperfetto "Mauve interacts with Rab5, Msps, and gamma-tubulin|Mauve/LYST opposes Rab5, which promotes vesicle fusion affecting PCM recruitment" SIGNOR-266001 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNK3 protein O14649 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser393 GLMKRRSsV 9606 21357689 t lperfetto "Mutation of the ser393 to alanine, which can neither be phosphorylated nor mimic a phosphorylated residue, resulted in the channel failing to pass current all of our findings support the conclusion that camp-dependent protein kinase is responsible for the phosphorylation of the terminal serine in both k2p3.1 and k2p9.1." SIGNOR-172430 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser24 APIRRRSsNYRAYAT 9606 BTO:0000887 15769444 t lperfetto "The major phosphatase thought to dephosphorylate ctni and phospholamban is type 2a protein phosphatase (pp2a) [61]. Activation of pp2a and ensuing dephosphorylation of regulatory proteins is involved in the anti-adrenergic effects of adenosine and muscarinic receptor activation see also fig2." SIGNOR-134601 HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257208 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11551964 t lperfetto "Pp1 is shown to dephosphorylate active stk15 and abolish its activity in vitro." SIGNOR-264651 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253481 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2E1 protein P51965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271359 PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9534 BTO:0004055 11493009 t "Specifically, the complex formation between PTP-SL and ERK2 involves an unusual interaction leading to the phosphorylation of PTP-SL by ERK2 at Thr253 and the inactivating dephosphorylation of ERK2 by PTP-SL.|PTP-SL dephosphorylates the regulatory phosphotyrosine on the active loop of ERK1/2. Tyrosine dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 causes the inactivation of ERK1/2 and its retention in the cytoplasm" SIGNOR-248840 SESN1 protein Q9Y6P5 UNIPROT GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 25457612 t "We describe AMPK-independent mechanism of mTORC1 regulation by the Sestrins, in which the Sestrins inhibit mTORC1 localization to the lysosomes in a Rag-dependent manner through an interaction with GATOR2" SIGNOR-253559 MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 8382796 t lperfetto "Desmin, the muscle specific intermediate filament (IF) protein, is expressed at low levels in myoblasts and at the onset of differentiation its expression increases several fold. In an effort to explore the mechanism involved in the tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression of desmin, we have isolated the mouse desmin gene.Co-transfection of myoD, myogenin, MRF4 and Myf5, with the desmin-CAT construct into 10T-1/2 cells demonstrated that all these factors could transactivate desmin gene expression" SIGNOR-241497 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18805788 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-252922 Jervine chemical CHEBI:6088 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0000149 16112412 t gcesareni "Here, we demonstrate that cyclopamine and jervine, two structurally related inhibitors of smo, force ciliary translocation of smo." SIGNOR-139865 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe709 ENPTYKFfEQMQN -1 10605825 t lperfetto "In this work, we used a sensitive in vitro method of detection to investigate the role of cathepasin D in the proteolytic processing of a 100-amino acid C-terminal fragment (C100) inclusive of βA4 and cytoplasmic domain of APP. Digestion of C100 with cathepsin D resulted in cleavage at the amyloidogenic γ-cleavage sites. This occurred preferentially at Thr43–Val44 and at Ala42–Thr43, generating full length βA4 43 and βA4 42 amyloid peptides, respectively. Cathepsin D was also found to cleave the substrate at the following nonamyloidogenic sites; Leu34–Met35, Thr48–Leu49 and Leu49–Val50. A high concentration of cathepsin D resulted in cleavage also occurring at Phe19–Phe20, Phe20–Ala21 and Phe93–Phe94 of the C100, suggesting that these sites are somewhat less sensitive to the action of cathepsin D." SIGNOR-261778 USP7 protein Q93009 UNIPROT CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17442268 t miannu "In this study, we identified USP7 (also known as HAUSP), which is a member of a family of proteins that cleave polyubiquitin chains and/or ubiquitin precursors, as an interacting protein with Chfr by immunoaffinity purification and mass spectrometry, and their interaction greatly increases the stability of Chfr. In fact, USP7 can remove ubiquitin moiety from the autoubiquitinated Chfr both in vivo and in vitro, which results in the accumulation of Chfr in the cell.  USP7 mediates deubiquitination of Chfr." SIGNOR-271462 NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT OGG1 protein O15527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14688259 f miannu "these results demonstrate that MMS can up-regulate hOGG1 expression through the induction of the transcription factor, NF-YA, and increased transcription level of the hOGG1 gene correlates with an increase in enzyme activity providing functional protection from MMS." SIGNOR-254817 CDH16 protein O75309 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265855 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272359 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001253 15282549 t gcesareni "We report upregulation of lrig1 transcript and protein upon egf stimulation, and physical association of the encoded protein with the four egfr orthologs of mammals. Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation." SIGNOR-127289 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr451 KRTRSKGtLRYMSPE 9606 9528799 t gcesareni "Our results provide strong evidence that dsrna binding is required for dimerization of full-length pkr molecules in vivo, leading to autophosphorylation in the activation loop and stimulation of the eif2alpha kinase function of pkr." SIGNOR-56337 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1868 SPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176797 EPGN protein Q6UW88 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001801 16469638 t gcesareni "They both bind to betacellulin and the heparin-binding ligand, hb-egf, as well as to two low-affinity ligands, epiregulin and epigen." SIGNOR-144399 CIT protein O14578 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF -1 21457715 t Giulio "Activation of the catalytic ATPase domain residing in the N‐terminus of the heavy chain relies on the reversible phosphorylation of the associated MLC on Ser19 (monophosphorylation), or in some cases on both Thr18 and Ser19 (diphosphorylation)|We detected Ser19 of MLC as the common phosphorylation site for the catalytic domains of MRCK_/_, ROK_, MLCK and PAK_, but only ROK_ and CRIK are able to phosphorylate both Thr18 and Ser19 residues causing diphosphorylation." SIGNOR-260306 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr292 DTLNSDGyTPEPARI 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000776 8756661 t lperfetto "The data further support a model in which ZAP-70 is first phosphorylated by Lck at Tyr-493 to upregulate the catalytic activity of ZAP-70. This in turn per- mits additional phosphorylation of ZAP-70 mediated, in part, by autophosphorylation at sites including Tyr-292 and -492" SIGNOR-43324 4-methyl-3-[[1-methyl-6-(3-pyridinyl)-4-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91447 ChEBI EPHB4 protein P54760 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194916 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr7 tSAARRSY -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. The sites phosphorylated by aurora-b;thr-7/ser-13/ser-38 of gfap, and thr-16 of desmin are common with those related to rho-associated kinase (rho-kinase), which has been reported to phosphorylate gfap and desmin at cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We identified ser-59 of desmin to be a specific site phosphorylated by aurora-b in vitro." SIGNOR-100192 MAS1 protein P04201 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23488800 f miannu "The discovery that Ang-(1-7) offsets the major biological effects of Ang II has contributed to the realization that the RAS is composed of two opposing axes. The first axis is constituted by the enzyme ACE, with Ang II as the end product, and the AT1 receptor as the main effector mediating the biological actions of Ang II. The second axis results from ACE2-mediated hydrolysis of Ang II, leading to production of Ang-(1-7), with Mas receptor as the main effector conveying the vasodilator, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Ang-(1-7). Activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis decreases inflammatory cell function and fibrogenesis in diverse models of human diseases." SIGNOR-260228 RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005822 28642685 t miannu "Here, we report an interaction of the C2B domain of RIM2α and RIM3γ with the C-terminus of the pore-forming α-subunit of CaV1.3 channels (CaV1.3α1), which mediate stimulus-secretion coupling at the ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). In conclusion, we propose that RIM2α and RIM3γ directly interact with the C-terminus of the pore-forming subunit of CaV1.3 Ca2+ channels and positively regulate their plasma membrane expression in HEK293 cells." SIGNOR-264356 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser245 NQSMDTGsPAELSPT 9606 19115199 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182988 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser486 RPLSRAQsSPAAPAS -1 15738054 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that protein kinase D (PKD; also known as PKCmi), which is activated upon engagement of the TCR, stimulates HDAC7 nuclear export by direct phosphorylation on four serine residues. Conversely, selective PKD inhibition blocks TCR-induced HDAC7 nuclear export and Nur77 expression. In addition, an HDAC7 mutant specifically deficient in phosphorylation by PKD blocks TCR-mediated apoptosis. | PKD1 phosphorylates S155, S181, S321, and S449 of HDAC7 in vitro." SIGNOR-249276 TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256919 KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272521 KIF1A protein Q12756 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272522 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 11279134 f lperfetto "The differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) by dexamethasone (DEX), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (MIX), and insulin" SIGNOR-250561 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser447 GSPRTPVsPVKFSPG 9606 7545671 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-28800 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15003515 f "Flt3 Mutation Activates p21WAF1/CIP1 Gene Expression Through the Action of STAT5. Co-transfection of p21 promoter-luciferase constructs with Flt3-ITD plasmid into K562 and BaF3 cells results in the induction of p21 promoter activity and a -692/-684 STAT site is important for the induction. STAT5a binds specifically to this element and Flt3-ITD enhances the protein binding to this site." SIGNOR-261518 KIF21B protein O75037 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28290984 f "In this study, we showed that KIF21B is a highly processive MT plus-end directed motor, which can potently induce pausing of MT plus ends. This activity depends on several regions of this large motor protein." SIGNOR-272515 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT FMR1 protein Q06787 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15479157 f miannu "we show that Sp1 (specificity protein 1) and Sp3 are also strong positive regulators of FMR1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-255204 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RDLELPLsPSLLGGP 10090 BTO:0000944 7889942 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that elk-1, a protein closely related to p62tcf in function, is a nuclear target of two members of the map kinase family, erk1 and erk2, erk1 phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-1 (s324,t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-235459 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser408 REKSKKYsDVEVPAS -1 8810272 t miannu "Protein kinase A phosphorylates -adducin at three sites in the neck domain (Ser-408, ’436, and ’481) in addition to the MARCKS-related domain of both subunits. Phosphorylation by PKA, in contrast to PKC, reduced affinity of erythrocyte adducin for spectrin-F-actin complexes as well as activity of adducin in promoting binding of spectrin to F-actin." SIGNOR-250329 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0002419 14633703 t lperfetto "Here, we identify PP1 as a serine/threonine phosphatase that associates with and dephosphorylates AKT in breast cancer cells|The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin and the ErbB inhibitor ZD1839 promote rapid PP1 phosphatase-dependent inactivation of AKT in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-264658 AVPR1B protein P47901 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257264 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation 9606 15028714 t lperfetto "These data demonstrate that pias1 protein positively modulates tgf-beta responses as a sumo e3 ligase for smad4" SIGNOR-123462 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr550 PPINGSStPNPKIAS 9606 BTO:0000567 19509060 t lperfetto "Here we report that the function of Nedd1 is regulated by Cdk1 and Plk1. During mitosis, Nedd1 is firstly phosphorylated at T550 by Cdk1, which creates a binding site for the polo-box domain of Plk1. Then, Nedd1 is further phosphorylated by Plk1 at four sites: T382, S397, S637 and S426. The sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 promotes its interaction with gamma-tubulin for targeting the gammaTuRC to the centrosome and is important for spindle formation." SIGNOR-272973 EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT NRCAM protein Q92823 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1276 DGSFIGQySGKKEKE 9606 BTO:0000007 24023801 t miannu "EphB receptors were found to induce phosphorylation of NrCAM on the tyrosine residue within the FIGQY ankyrin binding motif, inhibiting ankyrin recruitment. Furthermore, NrCAM phospho-FIGQY levels in the SC were decreased in EphB1/3 and EphB1/2/3 null mice and increased in mutant mice overexpressing constitutively active EphB2 kinase. " SIGNOR-262863 dexmedetomidine chemical CHEBI:4466 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258906 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 14981546 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Foxo proteins through FLT3-ITD signaling promotes their translocation from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, which requires the presence of conserved Akt phosphorylation sites in Forkhead transcription factors and PI3K activity." SIGNOR-261526 SELE protein P16581 UNIPROT ITGAL protein P20701 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000130 23994464 f apalma "This deceleration is due to the expression of E-selectins on the inflamed endothelium which provides increased number of binding sites for PSGL-1 and also triggers an intermediate-affinity conformational state of the beta2-integrin LFA-1 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-255968 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5‚Ä≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-267513 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131571 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 21514273 f "via a ?-catenin-dependent pathway" fspada "Tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-alpha) Is known to suppress adipocyte differentiation via a Beta-catenin-dependent pathway." SIGNOR-173421 MRPL27 protein Q9P0M9 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262368 FIG4 protein Q92562 UNIPROT 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,5-bisphosphate)(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:85342 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 23165282 t miannu "Fig4/Sac3 can decrease PI(3,5)P2 levels via its phosphatase function and also promote PI3,5P2 synthesis by acting as a secondary scaffold for the Fab1/Vac14 interaction. However, the later function appears dominant." SIGNOR-253535 MST1 protein P26927 UNIPROT H2BC3 protein P33778 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser15 APAPKKGsKKAITKA 9606 21212262 t lperfetto "The mst1 is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated upon apoptotic stimulation, which in turn activates its downstream targets, jnk/p38, histone h2b and foxo. Mst1 induces apoptosis by phosphorylating histone h2b on a relatively conserved site, ser-14 in mammalian cells" SIGNOR-171005 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11381136 t miannu "The third step is catalyzed by the enzyme glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase). The two folate-requiring reactions, glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide transformylase (AICAR Tfase), have attracted particular attention because some of the most successful anticancer drugs to date have been folate antimetabolites such as methotrexate (3). These two enzymes carry out similar chemistry in catalyzing the transfer of a formyl group from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to the amino group of the substrates GAR and AICAR to form fGAR and fAICAR." SIGNOR-267304 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270602 GAS2L3 protein Q86XJ1 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24706950 f miannu "Previous work has shown that members of the growth-arrest-specific 2 (GAS2) family mediate the crosstalk between filamentous actin (F-actin) and MTs, but the molecular basis of this process remained unclear. By using fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that three members of this family, GAS2-like 1, GAS2-like 2 and GAS2-like 3 (G2L1, G2L2 and G2L3, also known as GAS2L1, GAS2L2 and GAS2L3, respectively) are differentially involved in mediating the crosstalk between F-actin and MTs. " SIGNOR-273702 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser844 GSGSEAAsLSSLNSS 17353278 t lperfetto "Casein kinase 1 is a novel negative regulator of E-cadherin-based cell-cell contacts|CK1 colocalizes with E-cadherin and phosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin in vitro and in a cell culture system. We show that the major CK1 phosphorylation site of E-cadherin is serine 846" SIGNOR-274046 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT SORT1 protein Q99523 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser793 RFLVHRYsVLQQHAE 9606 BTO:0000007 31767632 t miannu "PAKs specifically phosphorylate Ser15 of the sortilin-cd and alter its trafficking. It can be concluded that PAK1-3 may indeed instigate the phosphorylation of sortilin and that they target a single serine residue (Ser15) located in the kinase domain-binding site of the sortilin-cd. Full-length sortilins with the serine at position 793 (residue 15 in the cytoplasmic domain) (for the sequence, see Fig. 2). Phosphorylation (Ser15) downregulates the sortilin–AP-1 interaction." SIGNOR-273717 VAMP8 protein Q9BV40 UNIPROT "STX17-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C551 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23217709 t miannu "Here, we identify syntaxin 17 (Stx17) as the autophagosomal SNARE required for fusion with the endosome/lysosome. Stx17 localizes to the outer membrane of completed autophagosomes but not to the isolation membrane (unclosed intermediate structures); for this reason, the lysosome does not fuse with the isolation membrane. Stx17 interacts with SNAP-29 and the endosomal/lysosomal SNARE VAMP8." SIGNOR-273711 "STX17-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C551 SIGNOR Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 23217709 f miannu "Here, we identify syntaxin 17 (Stx17) as the autophagosomal SNARE required for fusion with the endosome/lysosome. Stx17 localizes to the outer membrane of completed autophagosomes but not to the isolation membrane (unclosed intermediate structures); for this reason, the lysosome does not fuse with the isolation membrane. Stx17 interacts with SNAP-29 and the endosomal/lysosomal SNARE VAMP8." SIGNOR-273712 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT ZNF746 protein Q6NUN9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser613 APPDPFKsPASKGPL 9606 BTO:0000793 28122242 t miannu "PINK1 is required for Parkin ubiquitination and degradation of PARIS. PINK1 interacts with and phosphorylates serines 322 and 613 of PARIS to control its ubiquitination and clearance by parkin." SIGNOR-273725 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PARP10 protein Q53GL7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr601 EVRELLAtLEGLDLD 10090 BTO:0000578 32060423 t miannu "PLK1, an important regulator for cell mitosis, directly interacts with and phosphorylates PARP10 at T601. PARP10 phosphorylation at T601 significantly decreases its binding to NEMO and disrupts its inhibition to NEMO ubiquitination, thereby enhancing the transcription activity of NF-κB toward multiple target genes and promoting HCC development. " SIGNOR-273728 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination phosphorylation:Ser146 LLTFPNSsPGLRRQK 23972993 t "For phosphorylated residues see Figure 7" lperfetto "Priming phosphorylation of Cdh1 by the Cdk2/cyclin A kinase complex allows Plk1 to bind to Cdh1 and phosphorylate Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146. Phosphorylation of Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146 then triggers its interaction with, and subsequent ubiquitination by, SCFbeta-TRCP" SIGNOR-274055 NAT10 protein Q9H0A0 UNIPROT PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys949 PKGKHSVkGLGKTTP 9606 BTO:0000007 31616951 t done miannu "MORC2 directly interacts with PARP1. MORC2 mediates the interaction between PARP1 and NAT10 and thereby promotes NAT10-mediated PARP1 acetylation at K949, which blocks CHFR-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PARP1." SIGNOR-273715 KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" methylation 10090 BTO:0002884 22012064 t irozzo "Furthermore, we show that both MLL and AML1/CBFβ are required for maintaining the H3K4-me3 mark at the PU.1 upstream regulatory element (URE) and promoter region, and for full PU.1 gene expression." SIGNOR-255874 BTC protein P35070 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22232668 t gcesareni "For example, betacellulin binds to and activates both erbb1 and erbb4, whereas epiregulin binds to erbb1, erbb3 and erbb4" SIGNOR-195347 FAM83G protein A6ND36 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273753 FAM83B protein Q5T0W9 UNIPROT CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273766 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT MAPK12/CARM1 complex SIGNOR-C218 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 29681515 t apalma "Basal localization of the p38γ/p-Carm1 complex in muscle stem cells occurs via binding to the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) through β1-syntrophin. In dystrophin-deficient muscle stem cells undergoing asymmetric division, p38γ/β1-syntrophin interactions are abrogated" SIGNOR-255981 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Upon wnt activation, cytoplasmic beta-catenin is stabilized and enters the nucleus, where it associates with transcription factors, notably tcf (t cell factor) and lef (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor), to regulate the transcription of target genes. Thus beta-catenin regulates gene expression by direct interaction with transcription factors such as lef-1, providing a molecular mechanism for the transmission of signals, from cell-adhesion components or wnt protein to the nucleus." SIGNOR-199378 CSRP3 protein P50461 UNIPROT MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9234731 t 2 miannu "we found that nuclear MLP functions through a physical interaction with the muscle basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors MyoD, MRF4, and myogenin. we propose that it serves as a cofactor for the myogenic bHLH proteins by increasing their interaction with specific DNA regulatory elements." SIGNOR-241096 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 10973958 t lperfetto "The pathway restricted (r)Smads (e.g. Smad1, 2, 3, and 5) are serine/threonine kinase activated proteins that interact in an unphosphorylated state with a TGF-b superfamily receptor. Upon ligand binding they are phosphorylated by the receptor and released." SIGNOR-249549 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AFAP1 protein Q8N556 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr94 SSLPEGYyEEAVPLS 9534 9655255 t lperfetto "In this report, site-directed mutagenesis and a transient expression system that permits co-expression of activated pp60c-src (Src527F) and AFAP-110 in Cos-1 cells were used to identify the SH2-binding motif in AFAP-110. Four tyrosine residues, two in the amino terminus (Y93 and Y94) and two in the carboxy terminus (Y451 and Y453), were mutated to phenylalanine, significantly reducing overall steady-state levels of tyrosine phosphorylation and preventing Src527F from forming a stable complex with AFAP-110." SIGNOR-246363 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT RGS18 protein Q9NS28 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 PTNLRRRsRSFTCNE 9606 BTO:0000132 24244663 t done miannu "Cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-dependent kinases (PKA, PKG) inhibit the interaction of RGS18 and 14-3-3 by phosphorylating S216. S216 phosphorylation might activate PP1 leading to dephosphorylation of both 14-3-3 binding sites, S49 and S218, and detachment of 14-3-3. Removal of 14-3-3 activates RGS18 to turn off Gq signaling thus contributing to platelet inhibition." SIGNOR-273785 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1234 RDMYDKEyYSVHNKT 9606 16537444 t gcesareni "Using substrate trapping mutants of ptp1b or tcptp, we have demonstrated that both phosphatases interact with met and that these interactions require phosphorylation of twin tyrosines (tyr-1234/1235) in the activation loop of the met kinase domain. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of tyr-1234/1235 in the activation loop of the met receptor is elevated in the absence of either ptp1b or tcptp and further elevated upon loss of both phosphatases. This enhanced phosphorylation of met corresponds to enhanced biological activity and cellular invasion." SIGNOR-145141 STARD8 protein Q92502 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260520 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr283 YQPYQSIyVGGMMEG 9606 BTO:0000007 8955135 t lperfetto "In the present study, we demonstrate that bcr tyr-246 and at least one of the closely spaced tyrosine residues, tyr-279, tyr-283, and tyr- 289 (3y cluster), are phosphorylated by fes both in vitro and in 32p(i)- labeled cells. tyrosine phosphorylation of bcr by fes suppressed bcr serine/threonine kinase activity toward the 14-3-3 protein and bcr substrate, bap-1." SIGNOR-45343 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 BTO:0000007 14761950 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Casein kinase 1 delta phosphorylates tau and disrupts its binding to microtubules.Here we characterized the contribution of one ck1 isoform, ckidelta, to the phosphorylation of tau at residues ser202/thr205 and ser396/ser404 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells." SIGNOR-121705 IFNLR1 protein Q8IU57 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15120645 t gcesareni "Despite signaling through distinct receptor complexes, type i ifns and ifn-_s activate similar signaling events and biological activities, consistent with their common ability to mediate an antiviral state in cells (fig. 6). In both cases, receptor engagement leads via the activation of the jak kinases jak1 and tyk2" SIGNOR-124483 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR KLHL3 protein Q9UH77 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser433 PMNTRRSsVGVGVVE -1 26435498 t done miannu "Consistent with the fact that S433 is a component of Akt and PKA phosphorylation motifs, in vitro kinase assay demonstrated that Akt and PKA can phosphorylate KLHL3 at S433, that was previously reported to be phosphorylated by PKC. " SIGNOR-273825 APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12297508 t gcesareni "Gamma secretase subunit. Leads to ps1/ps2 eterodimer complex stabilisation. By using co-immunoprecipitation and nickel affinity pull-down approaches, we now show that mammalian aph-1 (maph-1), a conserved multipass membrane protein, physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human cell lines and in rat brain." SIGNOR-93265 C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT SELL protein P14151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263468 CDKL1 protein Q00532 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001616 28352193 t miannu "We demonstrated that depletion of CDKL1 notably upregulated the protein expression of P15. P15 is shown to be a target of CDKL1 in CRC, either direct or indirect." SIGNOR-273862 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268943 "PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex" complex SIGNOR-C553 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 34280615 t miannu "There are two major deadenylase complexes, Ccr4-Not and Pan2-Pan3, which shorten the 3′ poly(A) tail of mRNA and are conserved from yeast to human.The Ccr4-Not complex has two catalytic subunits including the Ccr4 (Carbon catabolite repressor 4) and Pop2 (PGK promoter directed overproduction). The Pan2-Pan3 complex comprises the catalytic subunit Pan2, a member of the RNase D family, and the regulatory subunit Pan3. Degradation of mRNA begins with either shortening of the poly(A) tail by deadenylases or removal of 5′ cap structure by the decapping enzyme Dcp1-Dcp2." SIGNOR-273872 DOK7 protein Q18PE1 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 20603078 t miannu "Here, we identify two tyrosine residues in Dok-7 that are phosphorylated by Agrin stimulation, and show that two proteins, Crk and Crk-L, are recruited to these phosphorylation sites in Dok-7." SIGNOR-273847 MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT DOK7 protein Q18PE1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr395 CLPGTVEyQVPTSLR 10090 BTO:0000165 20603078 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Dok-7 also functions downstream from MuSK, and we identify the proteins that are recruited to the C-terminal domain of Dok-7. We show that Agrin stimulates phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues in the C-terminal domain of Dok-7, which leads to recruitment of two adapter proteins: Crk and Crk-L. Y396 and Y406 are the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites in Dok-7 expressed in C2 myotubes." SIGNOR-273845  EPHB6 protein O15197 UNIPROT CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 34360976 t miannu "We suggest that although mammalian EphB6 is kinase-negative, it has retained the allosteric regulatory mechanisms involving the juxtamembrane and the SAM domain linker that are used to regulate the kinase activity of kinase-active Eph receptors. he inability to recruit c-Cbl by EphB6 meant that heightened levels of EphA2 remained active in the cell because they had evaded c-Cbl-mediated degradation. The authors suggest that mutation of residues 901–926 within EphB6 reduces the flexibility of the SAM domain such that c-Cbl cannot be recruited." SIGNOR-273852 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT SH3GL2 protein Q99962 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22998870 t miannu "We show that lrrk2 affects synaptic endocytosis by phosphorylating endoa at s75, a residue in the bar domain / our work uncovers a regulatory mechanism that indicates that reduced lrrk2 kinase activity facilitates endoa membrane association, while increased kinase activity inhibits membrane association." SIGNOR-192075 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 EPIQMENsMGTLRTS 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251444 CEP135 protein Q66GS9 UNIPROT SASS6 protein Q6UVJ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23511974 t miannu "In this study, we demonstrate that the human microcephaly protein, CEP135, directly interacts with hSAS-6 via its carboxyl-terminus and with MTs via its amino-terminus. Unexpectedly, CEP135 also interacts with another microcephaly protein CPAP via its amino terminal domain. Depletion of CEP135 not only perturbed the centriolar localization of CPAP, but also blocked CPAP-induced centriole elongation. We propose that CEP135 may serve as a linker protein that directly connects the central hub protein, hSAS-6, to the outer MTs, and suggest that this interaction stabilizes the proper cartwheel structure for further CPAP-mediated centriole elongation." SIGNOR-269676 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser420 KHPTPGSsDPLIQPS -1 21204788 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273931 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr478 PPPPPPVyEPVSYHV 9606 15623525 t lperfetto "Src phosphorylates ezrin at tyrosine 477 and induces a phosphospecific association between ezrin and a kelch-repeat protein family member" SIGNOR-132907 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 12556484 t done miannu "We found that Nudel and NudE were also phosphorylated in M phase (Fig. ​(Fig.22 and ​and3).3). First, Nudel and NudE were specifically phosphorylated in M phase. Moreover, both proteins were phosphorylated by Cdc2 and Erk2 in vitro.Due to conservation of the S/TP motifs, NudE may also be phosphorylated at similar sites by these kinases, though it contains an additional potential Cdk site at S282 (SPNR)." SIGNOR-274078 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHADAEMtGYVVTRW 9606 BTO:0000007 10066767 t done miannu "p38-δ is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7. we investigated whether this Thr180-Gly-Tyr182 motif was essential for p38-δ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual phosphorylation TGY motif is required for p38-δ activation." SIGNOR-273954 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "Furthermore, akt promotes cell cycle progression through downregulation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1." SIGNOR-121944 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser196 RKEDRSAsSGAEGDV -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273962 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 19951971 t lperfetto "PIP3 recruits PDK1 and AKT to the plasma membrane, where PDK1 phosphorylates AKT on Thr308 in the activation loop of the kinase domain." SIGNOR-249629 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser205 GAEGDVSsEREP -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273969 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS5 protein Q8N5B7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser356 RSDVESSsEEEDVTT 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273986 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS6 protein Q6ZMG9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser341 KVSKDDRsDIESSSD 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273990 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr115 LTSQLHItPGTAYQS 9606 10617621 t lperfetto "Sapk phosphorylates bcl-x(l) on threonine 47 (thr-47) and threonine 115 (thr-115) in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to wild-type bcl-x(l), a mutant bcl-x(l) with the two threonines substituted by alanines (ala-47, ala-115) is a more potent inhibitor of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis" SIGNOR-73638 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr687 AQAFPVSySSSGARR 9534 BTO:0004055 8621380 t lperfetto "Based on the phosphopeptide maps, we can identify six tyrosine phosphorylation sites in RET: Tyr-687, Tyr-826, Tyr-1062, Tyr-1096, Tyr-1015, and Tyr-1029. By comparing the peptide map of each mutant to the wild-type receptor, we can tentatively assign each tryptic peptide containing phosphorylation sites to individual P-labeled spots on the two-dimensional map " SIGNOR-248941 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9416004 t gcesareni "Pi3-kinase has also been shown to bind fak in a cell cell adhesion-dipendent manner at the major autophosphorylation site y397. This association could live to activation of pi3-kinase and its downstream effectors." SIGNOR-53979 TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT "Shelterin complex" complex SIGNOR-C306 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15383534 t lperfetto "Telosome, a mammalian telomere-associated complex formed by multiple telomeric proteins|Gel filtration reveals a complex consisting of POT1 , RAP1, TRF1, ACD, TERF2 and TINF2 proteins." SIGNOR-263316 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FCRL3 protein Q96P31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr722 EEDDEENyENVPRVL -1 12051764 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of SPAP2a by c-Src and in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated SPAP2 is specifically associated with SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that tyrosyl residues 650 and 662 embedded in the ITIMs are responsible for the binding of Syk and Zap70 while tyrosyl residues 692 and 722 embedded in the ITIMs are involved in interactions with SHP-1 and SHP-2." SIGNOR-274009 FCRL3 protein Q96P31 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12051764 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of SPAP2a by c-Src and in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated SPAP2 is specifically associated with SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that tyrosyl residues 650 and 662 embedded in the ITIMs are responsible for the binding of Syk and Zap70 while tyrosyl residues 692 and 722 embedded in the ITIMs are involved in interactions with SHP-1 and SHP-2." SIGNOR-274011 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259214 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT XRCC6 protein P12956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser27 QEENLEAsGDYKYSG 9606 BTO:0001546 26337656 t done miannu "Ku70 phosphorylation occurs within minutes of genotoxic stress and involves DNA-PKcs and/or ATM kinase activities.By using specific vectors enabling the simultaneous shRNA-mediated inhibition of endogenous Ku70 and the expression of exogenous Ku70 resistant to shRNA (i.e. S27-S33-Ku70 and A27-A33-Ku70 expressing cells), we showed that phospho-Ku70 contributes to faster but error-prone DNA repair resulting in higher levels of chromosomal breaks." SIGNOR-274022 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 31539109 f miannu "GGCX can regulate osteoporosis via promoting the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway, facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and inhibiting BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The transfection of pcDNA-GGCX plasmid significantly promoted BMSC cell proliferation, increased calcified nodule formation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation, enhanced ALP activity, elevated RUNX2, and OPN mRNA expressions, and upregulated TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad7 expressions (p < 0.05)." SIGNOR-261230 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser74 EATWESVsMMLQLGG 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274035 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser762 YEIDLDTsDHAHLEH 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274036 Amyloid_fibril_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH59 SIGNOR PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates 26721223 f "Excessive accumulation of Aβ protein in the AD brain may lead to a decrease in the levels of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and the serine/threonine protein kinase B (Akt) activity." SIGNOR-255492 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 BTO:0001321 15659650 t lperfetto "CHK1 and CHK2 phosphorylate the p53 N terminus at Ser15, Thr18, Ser20, and Ser37" SIGNOR-217799 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser555 RALSNSVsNMGLSES -1 17711846 t done miannu "Here, we find that AMPK directly regulates mammalian FOXO3, a member of the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors known to promote resistance to oxidative stress, tumor suppression, and longevity. We show that AMPK phosphorylates human FOXO3 at six previously unidentified regulatory sites.Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activation of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization.Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylates at least six residues of FOXO3 in vitro (Thr179, Ser399, Ser413, Ser555, Ser588, and Ser626)." SIGNOR-274093 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT TFB2M protein Q9H5Q4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15684387 f lperfetto "Here, we establish that the expression of human TFB1M and TFB2M promoters is governed by nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2), key transcription factors implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, we show that NRF recognition sites within both TFB promoters are required for maximal trans activation by the PGC-1 family coactivators, PGC-1alpha and PRC" SIGNOR-268999 AVPR2 protein P30518 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256897 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1006 PATPLLDyALEVEKI 9606 BTO:0000007 32420483 t done miannu " We demonstrate the binding of PIP2 to the CoA-binding domain of ACLY and identify the six tyrosine residues of ACLY that are phosphorylated by Lyn. Three of them (Y682, Y252, Y227) can be also phosphorylated by Src and they are located in catalytic, citrate binding and ATP binding domains, respectively. PI3K and Lyn inhibitors reduce the ACLY enzyme activity, ACLY-mediated Acetyl-CoA synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, histone acetylation and cell growth. Thus, PIP2/PIP3 binding and Src tyrosine kinases-mediated stimulation of ACLY links oncogenic pathways to Acetyl-CoA-dependent pro-growth and survival metabolic pathways in cancer cells." SIGNOR-274107 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT RBFOX3 protein A6NFN3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268913 "CHEVI complex" complex SIGNOR-C269 SIGNOR SEC22B protein O75396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 27319744 t lperfetto "VPS33B association with VIPAS39, α-tubulin, and SEC22B was identified by co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectra, and immunoblotting in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. Also, pull-down experiments revealed that VIPAS39 bound to intact VPS33B; in contrast, α-tubulin and SEC22B separately interacted with the sec1-like domains of VPS33B. Vps33b deficiency in megakaryocytes disturbs the redistribution of Vipas39 and Sec22b to proplatelets, and interrupted the co-localization of Sec22b with Vwf-positive vesicles" SIGNOR-261832 ADSS2 protein P30520 UNIPROT GDP smallmolecule CHEBI:17552 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267349 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "It is suggested that in vitro, regorafenib is an inhibitor of ABCB1 and ABCG2, but not a substrate, and that its active metabolites, M2 (N-Oxide metabolite) and M5 (N-Oxide/N-desmethyl metabolite), are substrates of ABCB1 and ABCG2" SIGNOR-259182 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 VSRVPYPsPTCVKSE 9606 BTO:0001130 18511414 t lperfetto "Map kinase-dependent phosphorylation at ar ser-515 was supported by the decrease in intensity of the slower migrating 23-kda band after treatment with both egf and increasing concentrations of the map kinase inhibitor, u0126" SIGNOR-244606 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser30 EDLQEVLsSDENGGT 10090 27650555 t Luana "Here, we report that phosphorylation of CHOP at Ser30 by AMPKα1 triggers CHOP degradation resulting in reduced macrophage apoptosis and subsequent ameliorated plaque vulnerability in vivo." SIGNOR-259864 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26622774 f miannu "In the present study, PU.1 siRNA was demonstrated to efficiently inhibit the transcription level of oncogene MEIS1 in the human acute myeloid non-MLL leukemia U937 cell line. In addition, PU.1, as a positive regulator of MEIS1, performed a crucial role in maintaining cell proliferation." SIGNOR-256002 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 25801024 t Federica "Discovery of ponatinib as the first-in-class dual inhibitor of RIPK1 and RIPK3" SIGNOR-261082 TTC8 protein Q8TAM2 UNIPROT "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 19081074 t lperfetto "We recently showed that seven highly conserved BBS proteins form a stable complex, the BBSome, that functions in membrane trafficking to and inside the primary cilium.|As a first step in characterizing this protein, we investigated the biochemical properties of its binding to the core BBSome (previously defined as the BBS1, -2, -4, -5, -7, -8, and -9 complex). We subjected the native LAP-BBS4 eluate to velocity sedimentation analysis (Figure 1C). BBIP10 clearly cosedimented with BBS4 at 14S, suggesting that BBIP10 strongly associates with the core BBSome" SIGNOR-262554 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser864 PKPSSHHsGSGSTST 9606 SIGNOR-C110 21078818 t gcesareni "We identify ror2 ser 864 as a critical residue phosphorylated by gsk3 and required for noncanonical receptor activation by wnt5a, analogous to the priming phosphorylation of low-density receptor-related protein 6 (lrp6) in response to wnt3a." SIGNOR-169642 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17110930 t Barakat "Upon TNFα stimulation, MEKK1, ASK1, and TAK1 phosphorylate and activate MKK7, which in turn activates JNK" SIGNOR-274146 HECW2 protein Q9P2P5 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 27119228 t miannu "NEDL2 acts as a scaffold protein to promote GDNF-stimulated Akt activation. biochemical analysis indicated that NEDL2 appears to act like a scaffold protein to recruit SHC, Grb2, PI3K (p110 and p85), PDK1 and Akt together to promote the signaling transduction. NEDL2 binds p85, p110 and Akt with different domains" SIGNOR-269458 HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000876 11901318 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Free hemoglobin enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in isolated human monocytes." SIGNOR-251753 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253426 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr296 MGYDDLDyGMMSDYG -1 11382764 t lperfetto "Identification of Src phosphorylation sites in the catenin p120ctn.Using selected tyrosine to phenylalanine p120 mutants as dominant negative reagents, it may now be possible to selectively block events postulated to be dependent on p120 tyrosine phosphorylation.combinations of Tyr _ Phe mutations at residues 96, 112, 228, 257, 280, 291, 296, and 302" SIGNOR-246500 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242698 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser257 QIRLRRDsKEANARR -1 9677319 t llicata "CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin." SIGNOR-250945 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPIVKRL 9606 15241418 t lperfetto "We have mapped CDK4 and CDK2 phosphorylation sites to Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 in Smad3. Mutation of the CDK phosphorylation sites increases Smad3 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-232138 thromboxane smallmolecule CHEBI:26995 ChEBI TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 19747485 t "Thromboxane plays an essential role in hemostasis, regulating platelet aggregation and vessel tone. In humans, it signals through the TPalpha and TPbeta isoforms that are transcriptionally regulated by distinct promoters Prm1 and Prm3, respectively." SIGNOR-254264 PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17562871 f gcesareni "We propose that the association of plcgamma1 with complexes containing git1 and beta-pix is essential for its role in integrin-mediated cell spreading and motility. As a component of this complex, plcgamma1 is also involved in the activation of cdc42 and rac1." SIGNOR-155747 TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19874624 t Regulation miannu "Nodal effects are dependent upon interactions with Cripto, a small cysteine-rich extracellular protein that is attached to the plasma membrane through a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol linkage. Cripto interacts with Nodal and ALK4, independently, and promotes the formation of a stable high affinity complex with activin type II receptors." SIGNOR-251938 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 12835716 f gcesareni "Miz1 is a zinc finger transcription factor with an n-terminal poz domain. Complexes with myc, bcl-6 or gfi-1 repress expression of genes like cdkn2b (p15(ink4)) or cdkn1a (p21(cip1))." SIGNOR-102746 BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT LITAF protein Q99732 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001518 23795761 f miannu "BCL6 silencing increased LITAF expression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated a direct transcriptional repression of LITAF by BCL6." SIGNOR-253758 LPCAT4 protein Q643R3 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272771 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PJA1 protein Q8NG27 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270990 PRMT1 protein Q99873 UNIPROT TAF15 protein Q92804 UNIPROT up-regulates methylation 9606 19124016 t miannu "The methylation of taf15 by prmt1 is required for the ability of taf15 to positively regulate the expression of the studied endogenous taf15-target genes." SIGNOR-183137 idarubicin chemical CHEBI:42068 ChEBI TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20824055 t miannu "Topoisomerase II (Top2) is a nuclear enzyme involved in several metabolic processes of DNA. Chemotherapy agents that poison Top2 are known to induce persistent protein-mediated DNA double strand breaks (DSB). In this report, by using knock down experiments, we demonstrated that Top2α was largely responsible for the induction of γH2AX and cytotoxicity by the Top2 poisons idarubicin and etoposide in normal human cells." SIGNOR-259327 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser25 QAFELILsPRSKESV 9606 9731215 t lperfetto "Stress-induced stathmin phosphorylation is not de- pendent on ERK. Stathmin is also known to be phos- phorylated by ERK on Ser-25 and Ser-38 (17). Thus, it is possible that ERK phosphorylates stathmin in 293 cells|In subsequent reports (28, 29) it was shown that phosphorylation of stathmin blocks its ability to destabilize MTs." SIGNOR-249482 TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys74 DTGRILSkLHTVQPK -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10)." SIGNOR-272738 CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "BCR consists of a pair of identical immunoglob- ulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains. though membrane BCR per se is not able to transduce downstream signaling, it does so by making BCR complex with CD79. The extracellular portion of the BCR is non-covalently coupled to a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the CD79A and CD79B. This association allows expression of BCR on the plasma membrane and BCR internalization after antigen recognition." SIGNOR-268188 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr575 RQSPEDVyFSKSEQL -1 21538645 t gcesareni "The SAM domain tyrosine Y960 which has been implicated in downstream PI3K signaling is dephosphorylated exclusively by HCPTP-B. The activation loop tyrosine (Y772) which directly controls kinase activity is dephosphorylated about six times faster by HCPTP-A. In contrast, the juxtamembrane tyrosines (Y575, Y588 and Y594) which are implicated in both control of kinase activity and downstream signaling are dephosphorylated by both variants with similar rates" SIGNOR-246031 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr232 FLMTKSGyQPPRLKE 9606 BTO:0000007 11278340 t "C-Abl phosphorylates HPK1 in cytoplasm and stimulates HPK1 activity. the c-Abl phosphorylation site (YXXP) in HPK1 (Y232QPP; aa 232–235) is localized in HPK1-KD" SIGNOR-251429 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 17681149 f lperfetto "Transcriptional repression of inflammatory response genes occurs by negative interference of PPARg with the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and activating protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathways" SIGNOR-249558 GRIPAP1 protein Q4V328 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 17761173 t Giulio "We investigated signal transduction pathways that might lie downstream of GRASP-1 and found that GRASP-1 potently activates JNK pathway signaling, with no effect on ERK signaling. Such JNK pathway activating activity requires binding of GRASP-1 to both JNK and the upstream JNK pathway activator MEKK-1." SIGNOR-260607 NARS1 protein O43776 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270458 MAML2 protein Q8IZL2 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12370315 f gcesareni "We recently cloned a mammalian homologue of the mastermind gene of drosophila melanogaster, maml1 (mastermind-like-1 molecule) and determined that it functions as a transcriptional coactivator for notch receptors." SIGNOR-254307 Zap70 protein P43404 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation "Tyr 132" DYHNPGyLVVLPD 9606 BTO:0000007 29915297 t "Isoform O43561-2" Barakat "In the presence of the catalytically inactive LckK273R, the phosphorylation of LAT Y132 and Y191 residues by Zap70K362E were considerably increased" SIGNOR-274561 Sincalide smallmolecule CID:9833444 PUBCHEM CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257466 P2RY4 protein P51582 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257214 STT3A protein P46977 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" glycosylation 9606 BTO_0001939 29765039 t Barakat "Together, these results support a notion that the two STT3 isoforms regulate EMT-mediated PD-L1 induction through PD-L1 protein N-glycosylation and stabilization." SIGNOR-274975 STT3B protein Q8TCJ2 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" glycosylation 9606 BTO_0001939 29765039 t Barakat "Together, these results support a notion that the two STT3 isoforms regulate EMT-mediated PD-L1 induction through PD-L1 protein N-glycosylation and stabilization." SIGNOR-274976 COPS5 protein Q92905 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 27866850 t Barakat "The results suggested that TNF-α upregulates expression of CSN5, which interacts and deubiquitinates PD-L1 for protein stabilization." SIGNOR-274977 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO_0005672 29160310 t Barakat "Loss-of-function mutations in SPOP compromise ubiquitination-mediated PD-L1 degradation, leading to increased PD-L1 levels and reduced numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in mouse tumors and in primary human prostate cancer specimens." SIGNOR-274978 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" destabilization 9606 BTO_0002806 28813410 t Barakat "Deletion of STUB1 resulted in a more profound increase in PD-L1 levels in CMTM6 deficient than in CMTM6 proficient cells, identifying STUB1 as an E3 ligase that causes destabilization of PD-L1 (Fig. 4f,g), either by direct modification of one of the lysines in the PD-L1 cytoplasmic domain or indirectly" SIGNOR-274979 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT Myotube_hypertrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH20 SIGNOR up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 14729474 f apalma "To summarize, these two studies have generated important insights into the control of skeletal muscle hypertrophy by the calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway" SIGNOR-256215 MBD1 protein Q9UIS9 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001412 19781662 f "Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the formation of inflammatory leukotrienes. 5-LO gene expression is mainly restricted to B cells and cells of myeloid origin. It is known that basal 5-lipoxygenase promoter activity is regulated by DNA methylation.|Using ChIP assays, we found that the methyl-DNA binding proteins MBD1, MBD2 and MeCP2 bind to the methylated 5-LO core promoter in U937 cells. Knock down of each of the MBDs upregulates 5-LO mRNA expression in U937 cells indicating that these proteins are involved in silencing of the 5-LO gene." SIGNOR-254030 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 AAAGPALsPVPPVVH 9606 10567572 t gcesareni "Jnk1-mediated phosphorylation of bcl-2 regulates starvation-induced autophagy." SIGNOR-48038 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10116 7535768 t "inferred from 70% of family members" "Dephosphorylation and Inactivation of ERKs|ERK1 phosphorylated on either threonine (ERK1*Y204F) or tyrosine alone (ERK1*T202A) was utilized as a substrate for HVH2. Threonine 202 and tyrosine 204 in ERK1 (53) correspond to threonine 183 and tyrosine 185 in ERK2 which are the activation-phosphorylation sites by MEK(14, 15, 16). ERK1*, a kinase-deficient mutant, was phosphorylated on both threonine and tyrosine by MEK2 (Fig. 3B). ERK1*T202A, having threonine 202 substituted by an alanine, was phosphorylated only on tyrosine while ERK1*Y204F, having tyrosine 204 substituted by a phenylalanine, was phosphorylated only on threonine (Fig. 3B). GST-HVH2 dephosphorylated all three ERK1* mutants (Fig. 3A), suggesting that double phosphorylations of adjacent threonine and tyrosine were not a prerequisite for HVH2 recognition. However, HVH2 dephosphorylated ERK1* and ERK1*T202A more efficiently than ERK1*Y204F (Fig. 3A), indicating that HVH2 preferred phosphotyrosine over phosphothreonine. Interestingly, MEK also phosphorylated tyrosine residues more efficiently than threonine residues of ERK" SIGNOR-269914 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 14981546 f "Immunoblot analysis indicated an increased level of Foxo3a phosphorylation on residue Thr32, as shown by the appearance of additional slower-migrating phospho-species immediately after induction of FLT3-ITD4 expression" SIGNOR-261523 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257987 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10617468 t gcesareni "The mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase cascade is inactivated at the level of map kinase by members of the map kinase phosphatase (mkp) family, including mkp-1." SIGNOR-73617 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 10090 BTO:0000944 8131746 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser-218 and ser-222 by map kinase kinase kinases (raf or mekk1) positively regulates mek1 kinase activity." SIGNOR-235564 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser96 FVCQDKSsGYHYGVS 9606 BTO:0000551 16417524 t miannu "We report that akt, which is constitutively activated in nsclc cells, phosphorylates raralpha and inhibits its transactivation. / mutation of ser96 to alanine abrogated the suppressive effect of akt." SIGNOR-143721 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257406 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser432 KMPNTNGsIGHSPLS 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204696 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 BTO:0000782 8325880 t gcesareni "Serine 25 of oncoprotein 18 is a major cytosolic target for the mitogen-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-25826 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr209 LCEISRGtHNFSEEL 9606 BTO:0000007 14625308 t lperfetto "Sequential autophosphorylation steps in the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 regulate its availability as an adapter in interleukin-1 signalingthis identifies irak-1 as a novel type of adapter protein, which employs its own kinase activity to introduce negative charges adjacent to the protein interaction domain, which anchors irak-1 at the active receptor complex. Thus, irak-1 regulates its own availability as an adapter molecule by sequential autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-119212 "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269009 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser8 MEPAAGSsMEPSADW 9606 20152798 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta specifically binds to p16 and phosphorylates ser8 of p16 phosphorylation at ser8 of p16 brings about a significant loss of its cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4-inhibitory activity" SIGNOR-163801 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT TARS2 protein Q9BW92 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269428 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18545270 t lperfetto "The death domain of the rip1 kinase binds to death receptors such as fas that is required for caspase 8 activation and apoptosis" SIGNOR-177949 RNA_splicing phenotype SIGNOR-PH201 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 32140746 f lperfetto "The splicing of introns from nuclear precursors of message RNA (pre-mRNA) is executed by the spliceosome, a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) apparatus that first surfaced in the literature in 1985 " SIGNOR-268402 venetoclax chemical CHEBI:133021 ChEBI BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23291630 t miannu "Here we report the re-engineering of navitoclax to create a highly potent, orally bioavailable and BCL-2-selective inhibitor, ABT-199. This compound inhibits the growth of BCL-2-dependent tumors in vivo and spares human platelets. These data indicate that selective pharmacological inhibition of BCL-2 shows promise for the treatment of BCL-2-dependent hematological cancers." SIGNOR-261938 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser71 YDRLRPLsYPQTDVF 9606 BTO:0003476 10617634 t gcesareni "The results suggest that Akt kinase of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signal transduction pathway phosphorylates serine 71 of Rac1 as one of its authentic substrates and modulates the Rac1 signal transduction pathway through phosphorylation." SIGNOR-248036 PRKAG1 protein P54619 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16054041 t gcesareni "Gamma non-catalytic subunit mediates binding to amp, adp and atp, leading to activate or inhibit ampk: amp-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (prkaa1 or prkaa2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-139173 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131637 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin. Dephosphorylated by ptpreand ptpn1 at tyr-999, tyr-1185, tyr-1189 and tyr-1190." SIGNOR-75906 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT NR5A2 protein O00482 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15723037 t gcesareni "Modulation of human nuclear receptor lrh-1 activity by phospholipids and shpthe human nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog 1 (hlrh-1) plays an important role in the development of breast carcinomas. This orphan receptor is efficiently downregulated by the unusual co-repressor shp" SIGNOR-134202 ANGPTL1 protein O95841 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10051567 t gcesareni "Ang3 and ang4 are agonists of tie2, but mouse ang3 has strong activity only on endothelial cells of its own species." SIGNOR-65110 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr356 FREFCIPtSSNIEQQ 9606 BTO:0000007 12123746 t gcesareni "These results suggest that two C-terminal amino acids, Ser(355) and Thr(357), are required for short-term homologous desensitization and agonist-induced phosphorylation of mu-opioid receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells" SIGNOR-247782 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22911014 t gcesareni "P21 exerts its effect on the cell cycle not only by inhibiting cyclin/cdk complexes, but also by inhibiting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna)" SIGNOR-191939 Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C504 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270886 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002182 18940792 f miannu "C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) interacts with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and negatively regulates the stress-dependent induction of the asparagine synthetase gene." SIGNOR-253838 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr170 ARILNHDtSFAKTFV 9606 17197699 t gcesareni "Thus, it appears that autophosphorylation of thr-170 and/or ser-171 in nek2 may fine-tune overall activity of nek2 in vivo. regardless, the importance of thr-175 suggested by its conservation in many other kinases is underlined by the t175a mutant that shows reduced kinase activity and a significant reduction in efficiency of cs." SIGNOR-151759 NARS2 protein Q96I59 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270465 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT Demyelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH155 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24507514 f miannu "TNF-a is the most comprehensively studied cytokine in both EAE and MS. Most TNF-a overexpressing transgenic animals showed spontaneous pathology, characterized by progressive demyelination and macrophage infiltration" SIGNOR-263834 GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004032 21303898 t miannu "D1-class dopamine receptors (D1 and D5) activate the G s/olf family of G proteins to stimulate cAMP produc tion by AC and are found exclusively postsynaptically on dopamine-receptive cells, such as GABA-ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum." SIGNOR-267852 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT AATF protein Q9NY61 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser510 KKVDRKAsKGRKLRF 9606 BTO:0001109 17157788 t lperfetto "Three putative Chk2 phosphorylation sites (Stevens et al., 2003) are present in Che-1 at resides Ser141, Ser474, and Ser508. Thus, we performed in vitro Chk2 kinase assays utilizing the GST-Che-1 fusion peptides spanning these residues as substrates.| Taken together, these results indicate that Chk2 phosphorylates Che-1 and this phosphorylation contributes to increase Che-1 stability." SIGNOR-264418 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000017 10358079 t gcesareni "We identified stat5 as a direct binding partner to egfr and erbb4 and discovered new recognition motifs for shc and stat5.Egf stimulation and subsequent phosphorylation of egfr at tyrosine y978, y998 and y869 would then subsequently lead to recruitment and activation of stat5." SIGNOR-68159 PERP protein Q96FX8 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 25860612 t "We identify KPC1 as the Ub ligase (E3) that binds to the ankyrin repeats domain of p105, ubiquitinates it, and mediates its processing both under basal conditions and following signaling" SIGNOR-255843 Dinaciclib chemical CID:46926350 PUBCHEM CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191331 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT KLC1 protein Q07866 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser460 YKACKVDsPTVTTTL 9606 21385839 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of kinesin light chain 1 at serine 460 modulates binding and trafficking of calsyntenin-1mutation of klc1ser460 to an alanine residue, to preclude phosphorylation, increased the binding of calsyntenin-1, whereas mutation to an aspartate residueklc1ser460 is a predicted mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) target site, and we show that extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylates this residue in vitro." SIGNOR-172642 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10330181 t amattioni "Dvl-1 inhibits Axin-promoted GSK-3_-dependent phosphorylation of _-catenin and APC, leading to beta-catenin stabilization." SIGNOR-167951 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ANKS1B protein Q7Z6G8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 27477489 t miannu "CaMKII-mediated displacement of AIDA-1 out of the postsynaptic density core. The present study indicates that CaMKII activation is necessary for the NMDA-induced movement of AIDA-1 out of the PSD core." SIGNOR-264231 PEX12 protein O00623 UNIPROT PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 19687296 t miannu "Here we report on the identification of the protein-ubiquitin ligases that are responsible for the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal protein import receptor Pex5. It is demonstrated that each of the three RING peroxins Pex2, Pex10, and Pex12 exhibits ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity. Our results show that Pex2 mediates the Ubc4-dependent polyubiquitination whereas Pex12 facilitates the Pex4-dependent monoubiquitination of Pex5.While polyubiquitinated Pex5 is degraded by the proteasome, monoubiquitinated Pex5 is destined for a new round of the receptor cycle." SIGNOR-253020 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "Gelsolin is an actin binding protein that severs and caps the barbed-end actin filaments to prevent actin monomer exchange upon intracellular calcium increase in the initial step. Cofilin also binds to actin and contributes to the disassembly of actin filaments and the subsequent release of actin monomers. The actin cross-linking complex, GP1b/IX-filamin, translocates from the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton during this step." SIGNOR-261845 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr5 tQTQDQPM 9606 BTO:0000567 2507541 t lperfetto "Here we show that the dsDNA-activated protein kinase from human HeLa cells phosphorylates 2 threonine residues in the sequence PEETQTQDQPME at the amino terminus of human hsp90 alpha." SIGNOR-248887 REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT REST-CoREST complex SIGNOR-C111 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20080105 t 1 miannu "Transcriptional repression of neural-specific genes in nonneuronal cells is dependent on the REST (RE1-silencing transcription factor)–CoREST complex." SIGNOR-239217 COPS8 protein Q99627 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270770 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 11884598 t lperfetto "Convergence of multiple signaling cascades at glycogen synthase kinase 3: edg receptor-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation by lysophosphatidic acid through a protein kinase c-dependent intracellular pathway." SIGNOR-115714 atomoxetine chemical CHEBI:127342 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9871604 t miannu "The gamma-amino alcohol/ether unit contained in venlafaxine, 2 fluoxetine, 3 and tomoxetine 3 has been prepared by a sequence of nitrile aldol reaction and nitrile reduction. Equilibrium dissociation constants KD for binding of (_+)-2 and (_+)-3 to hSERT, hNET, and hDAT are given in Table 2." SIGNOR-259067 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR -1 9199504 t miannu "Phosphorylation of tau by SAPK3 and SAPK4 markedly reduced the ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly. SAPK3 (also called ERK6 and p38) and SAPK4 phosphorylate recombinant tau protein at multiple Ser/Thr-Pro sites that are hyperphosphorylated in PHF-tau, with SAPK4 and SAPK3 being the most effective." SIGNOR-250084 SLC36A4 protein Q6YBV0 UNIPROT tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:27897 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 8355 21097500 t lperfetto "HPAT4 in Xenopus oocytes mediated sodium-independent, electroneutral uptake of [(3)H]proline, with the highest rate of uptake when the uptake medium pH was 7.4 and an affinity of 3.13 μM. Tryptophan was also an excellently transported substrate with a similarly high affinity (1.72 μM)." SIGNOR-264735 MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT DOK7 protein Q18PE1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr395 CLPGTVEyQVPTSLR 10090 20603078 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Dok-7 also functions downstream from MuSK, and we identify the proteins that are recruited to the C-terminal domain of Dok-7. We show that Agrin stimulates phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues in the C-terminal domain of Dok-7, which leads to recruitment of two adapter proteins: Crk and Crk-L. Y396 and Y406 are the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites in Dok-7 expressed in C2 myotubes." SIGNOR-273845 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser639 YMPMSPKsVSAPQQI 10116 BTO:0000452 11287630 t lperfetto "Mtor induced the serine phosphorylation of irs-1 (ser-636/639), and such phosphorylation was inhibited by rapamycin. These results suggest that tnf impairs insulin signaling through irs-1 by activation of a pi 3-kinase/akt/mtor pathway, which is antagonized by pten" SIGNOR-106590 NRXN3 protein Q9HDB5 UNIPROT NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626546 t miannu "The neurexin–NL2 interaction is sufficient to induce GABAergic differentiation and clustering of GABAARs at postsynaptic sites" SIGNOR-265456 POLR1F protein Q3B726 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266157 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT ADARB1 protein P78563 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001279 28515487 f "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events in hFUS+/+; Smn+/− mice. As shown in Fig. 6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected in hFUS+/+ mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-262805 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR GBF1 protein Q92538 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1337 GKIHRSAtDADVVNS 9606 18063581 t lperfetto "These results indicate that gbf1 is a novel ampk substrate and that the ampk-mediated phosphorylation of gbf1 at thr(1337) has a critical role, presumably by attenuating the function of gbf1, in the disassembly of the golgi apparatus induced under stress conditions that lower the intracellular atp concentration." SIGNOR-216588 TPSAB1 protein Q15661 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 21999702 t lperfetto "Mast cells contribute to tissue repair in fibrous tissues by stimulating proliferation of fibroblasts through the release of tryptase which activates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2).|Taken together, our data show that tryptase can stimulate myoblast proliferation and this effect is part of a signaling cascade dependent on PAR-2 activation and on the downstream activation of COX-2." SIGNOR-251744 OMG protein P23515 UNIPROT LINGO1 protein Q96FE5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15694321 t flangone "Nogo-a, myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag), and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (omgp)...signal through a common receptor complex in neurons, which includes the ligand binding nogo-66 receptor (ngr), and two signal-transducing binding partners, p75 and lingo-1..." SIGNOR-133640 HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 18241680 t miannu "GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH), an oligomeric protein composed of 10 identical subunits, is required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters; mutations in GCH are associated with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) and hyperphenylalaninemia. Mutated GCH proteins are unstable and prone to dominant-negative effect. We show herein that expression of the GCH mutant GCH-201E or the splicing variant GCH-II caused intracellular inclusion bodies. When Hsp27 was expressed together with the GCH mutants, Hsp27 expression decreased the formation of inclusion bodies by GCH (as assessed by immunofluorescence) and decreased the amount of insoluble GCH mutant proteins (as assessed by Western blot). we demonstrated that Hsp27 increases the expression of the wild-type GCH protein, causes the appearance of the soluble GCH-II protein, and decreases the quantities of insoluble mutated GCH protein. Therefore, it is likely that Hsp27 improves the folding of mutated GCH proteins, so they can stay in free cytosolic compartment." SIGNOR-252222 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 26194347 f irozzo "Nrf2 was up-regulated in HCC, and expression of Nrf2 was correlated with tumor differentiation, metastasis, and tumor size. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of Nrf2 expression inhibited proliferation by inducing apoptosis and repressed invasion, and up-regulation of Nrf2 expression resulted in opposite phenotypes." SIGNOR-256262 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser840 VRSAFTTsTVVRMHV -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249278 ATP13A1 protein Q9HD20 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0004093 29650961 f doi.org/10.1101/185272 francesca "Loss of ATP13A3 led to marked inhibition of serum-stimulated proliferation of BOECs, and increased apoptosis in serum-deprived conditions" SIGNOR-261216 NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT TNFSF10 protein P50591 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22128144 f miannu "In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis for the differential regulation of TRAIL in helped versus helpless CD8(+) T cells by comparing their transcriptional profiles, and have identified a transcriptional corepressor, NGFI-A binding protein 2 (Nab2), that is selectively induced in helped CD8(+) T cells. Enforced expression of Nab2 prevents TRAIL induction after restimulation of primary helpless CD8(+) T cells, and expression of a dominant-negative form of Nab2 in helped CD8(+) T cells impairs their secondary proliferative response that is reversible by TRAIL blockade." SIGNOR-253893 AIFM2 protein Q9BRQ8 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0003000 12135761 f miannu "The PRG3 gene is a potential p53 target gene in a p53‐dependent apoptosis pathway. These results clearly indicate that the ectopic expression of PRG3 induces apoptosis." SIGNOR-261809 GOLGB1 protein Q14789 UNIPROT GOLGA2 protein Q08379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23555793 t miannu "The “cis-golgin tether” is one of the most well-characterized golgin tether complexes. It is composed of the COPI vesicle-associated golgin giantin linked to Golgi membrane-associated GM130 via p115. GM130 is in turn linked to GRASP65 via a PDZ-like domain. GRASP65 is anchored to the Golgi membrane through N-terminal myristoylation as well as through binding to other Golgi proteins [10]. Together, these proteins appear to mediate vesicle tethering at the cis-Golgi membrane." SIGNOR-261238 SETD2 protein Q9BYW2 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Lys525 QLNMLGEkLLGPNAS 9606 BTO:0000007 28753426 t Gianni "SETD2 enhances antiviral immunity by directly methylating STAT1 on K525. Mechanistically, SETD2 directly mediates STAT1 methylation on lysine 525 via its methyltransferase activity, which reinforces IFN-activated STAT1 phosphorylation and antiviral cellular response." SIGNOR-269091 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TPPP protein O94811 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr14 PAKAANRtPPKSPGD -1 17693641 t miannu "Here we show that TPPP induces tubulin self-assembly into intact frequently bundled microtubules, and that the phosphorylation of specific sites distinctly affects the function of TPPP. The phosphorylation sites Thr(14), Ser(18), Ser(160) for Cdk5; Ser(18), Ser(160) for ERK2, and Ser(32) for PKA were identified by mass spectrometry. The phosphorylation by ERK2 or Cdk5 resulted in the loss of microtubule-assembling activity of TPPP." SIGNOR-262933 ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0000318 2005901 t Luana "This result suggests that MBP-1 in vivo acts as a sequence-specific repressor." SIGNOR-261594 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t lperfetto "Myod targets brg1 to the myogenin promoter during the initiation of myogenesis in tissue culture models for skeletal muscle differentiation /initiation of myogenin transcription is dependent upon myod, the pbx homeodomain factor, and swi/snf chromatin-remodeling enzymes" SIGNOR-217737 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr707 QDPPPELyFVKVDVT 9606 12808100 t lperfetto "Hydrogen peroxide triggers nuclear export of telomerase reverse transcriptase via src kinase family-dependent phosphorylation of tyrosine 707" SIGNOR-102097 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15340381 t lperfetto "Scfb-trcp continues to have a role in this phase, however, through its induced degradation of the cdk1 inhibitor, wee1." SIGNOR-217184 G8RGG88B68 smallmolecule SID:135317436 ChEBI IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 15898717 t miannu "To significantly improve the pharmacological properties of the drug, a pegylated form of IFNalpha(2a) was developed (PEGASYS). This 40 kDa PEG-conjugated IFNalpha(2a) ((40)PEG-IFNalpha(2a)) is obtained by the covalent binding of one 40 kDa branched PEG-polymer to a lysine side-chain of IFNalpha(2a). Here, we report the detailed structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic analysis of the binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor IFNAR2 of (40)PEG-IFNalpha(2a) and its isolated positional isomers modified at K31, K134, K131, K121, K164, and K70, respectively, in comparison with unmodified IFNalpha(2a)." SIGNOR-259391 1-[6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-pyridinyl]-6-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)anilino]-2-prop-2-enyl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone chemical CHEBI:91414 ChEBI WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Mk-1775 (merck). This wee1 inhibitor (ic50, 5.2nm) potentiates the activity of dna-damaging agents (e.g., gemcitabine, cisplatin, carboplatin) in vitro and in vivo, particularly in p53-negative cancers" SIGNOR-163173 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser364 GTPRSNHsAQDSAVE 9606 BTO:0001271 23071339 t miannu "Syk phoshorylatesikarosat unique c-terminal serine phosphorylation sites s358 and s361, thereby augmenting its nuclear localization and sequence-specific dna binding activity. Mechanistically, we establish that syk-inducedikarosactivation is essential for its nuclear localization and optimal transcription factor function." SIGNOR-199100 edrophonium chemical CHEBI:251408 ChEBI ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9301662 t miannu "With the aim of performing a rigorous test of the anti-AChE properties of our compounds, the kinetics of enzyme inhibition were studied in purified enzyme preparations. The inhibition data are shown in Table 1. Additionally, known competitive inhibitors of AChE (procainamide and edrophonium) were included in the study for comparative purposes." SIGNOR-258667 IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 30029643 t "Since Jak-STAT pathway primarily activated in IL-15-me- diated cell proliferation, we tested whether it is also participates in IL-15-mediated proliferation of FAPs. Interestingly, we found the expression of phospho-Jak3 and phospho-Tyk2, as well as their downstream, phospho- STAT3 and phospho-STAT5, was significantly upregulated" SIGNOR-256253 PLPPR1 protein Q8TBJ4 UNIPROT RASGEF1A protein Q8N9B8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002036 27058420 t miannu "Oncogenic effects of imbalanced PRG3 are mediated via PRG3-RasGEF1 interaction and Ras activation. PRG3 interacts with RasGEF1 in vivo.We could further show that PRG3 executes the binding to RasGEF1 predominantly via its C-terminal domain (CT) and in the consequence causes Ras activation." SIGNOR-261807 BCS1L protein Q9Y276 UNIPROT LETM1 protein O95202 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18628306 t lperfetto "LETM1 was co-precipitated with BCS1L and formation of the LETM1 complex depended on BCS1L levels, suggesting that BCS1L stimulates the assembly of the LETM1 complex." SIGNOR-262543 LMO1 protein P25800 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 9020185 t miannu "Transcriptional activity of tal1 in t cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t-all) requires rbtn1 or -2" SIGNOR-46114 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 BTO:0000938 17591690 t gcesareni "Here, we demonstrate for the first time that cdk5 interacts with p53 and increases its stability through posttranslational regulation, leading to accumulation of p53, particularly in the nucleus. We show that cdk5 phosphorylates p53 on ser15, ser33 and ser46 in vitro," SIGNOR-156414 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser317 ENVKYSSsQPEPRTG 9606 17015476 t "Phosphorylation of Chk1 by ATR is antagonized by a Chk1-regulated protein phosphatase 2A circuit|In response to genotoxic stress, Chk1 is phosphorylated on serines 317 (S317) and 345 (S345) by the ataxia-telangiectasia-related (ATR) protein kinase. Phosphorylation of Chk1 on these C-terminal serine residues is used as an indicator of Chk1 activation in vivo." SIGNOR-248616 ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9428518 t gcesareni "Stable expression of alpha6beta4 increased carcinoma invasion in a pi3k-dependent manner, and transient expression of a constitutively active pi3k increased invasion in the absence of alpha6beta4. Ligation of alpha6beta4 stimulated significantly more pi3k activity than ligation of beta1 integrins, establishing specificity among integrins for pi3k activation." SIGNOR-54700 DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT CACNA1A protein O00555 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 12827203 t miannu "DCC activation by a netrin-1 gradient creates a high-level [Ca2+]i gradient by triggering LCC activity and by stimulating the cAMP–PKA pathway, which further activates LCC in the plasma membrane (PM) and Ca2+ channels in the ER." SIGNOR-268293 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24710148 t lperfetto "The binding of lif to the lifr induces its heterodimerization with gp130. The formation of this complex results in the activation of the receptor-associated janus kinases (jaks), in the phosphorylation of receptor docking sites, and finally in the recruitment of src homology-2 (sh2) domain containing proteins such as stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)." SIGNOR-236369 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269618 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser59 AMEPGNGsLDLGGDS 9606 19351595 t lperfetto "We identify heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein u (hnrnp-u), also termed scaffold attachment factor a (saf-a), as a specific substrate for dna-pk. We show that hnrnp-u is phosphorylated at ser59 by dna-pk in vitro and in cells in response to dna double-strand breaks" SIGNOR-185058 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10464286 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-265321 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 9600099 t llicata "In this study, we demonstrate that HPTP1B are multiple phosphorylated on threonine and tyrosine as well as serine near its N-terminus by CKII and p60c-src in vitro." SIGNOR-251028 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser367 PDCRRTIsAPVVRPK 9606 18356162 t lperfetto "The chk1 and chk2 kinases have also been shown to phosphorylate ser367, leading to 14-3-3 binding (34_36, 38, 44). In both cases, the outcome differed: in chk1-mediated phosphorylation, mdmx was translocated to the cytoplasm;in chk2-mediated phosphorylation, mdmx was degraded (34_36, 38, 44). It is possible that the damage response is mediated through additional phosphorylation sites other than ser367 and that, depending on the type of damage, certain sites will be modified, leading to different outcomes." SIGNOR-178067 FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19022561 t miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254878 IRX2 protein Q9BZI1 UNIPROT CXCL10 protein P02778 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003885 26560478 f Luana "Our results imply that the IRX2 transcription factor might represent a novel metastasis associated protein that acts as a negative regulator of cellular motility and as a repressor of chemokine expression. " SIGNOR-266042 TIRAP protein P58753 UNIPROT MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25948473 t lperfetto "Stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 leads to the activation of both MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways through the recruitment of adaptors TIRAP/MyD88 and TRIF/TRAM, respectively." SIGNOR-110215 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr502 TPGTGLGtSPALAGD -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-250906 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 GDDEDACsDTEATEA -1 8288648 t llicata "Recombinant wild-type I-2 and the Ala-120/121 mutant were phosphorylated synergistically by GSK-3 and casein kinase II. The Thr-72 and Ser-86 mutants, however, did not undergo this synergistic phosphorylation. Our studies indicate that Thr-72 is the only GSK-3 site and that Ser-86 is the casein kinase II site required for the potentiation of GSK-3 action." SIGNOR-251022 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AQP4 protein P55087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser285 MEVEDNRsQVETDDL 9615 BTO:0000837 11742978 t llicata "We found that the stress-induced kinase casein kinase (CK)II phosphorylates the Ser276 immediately preceding the tyrosine motif, increasing AQP4-mu 3A interaction and enhancing AQP4-lysosomal targeting and degradation. AQP4 phosphorylation by CKII may thus provide a mechanism that regulates AQP4 cell surface expression. | To determine whether Ser276 is an actual CKII substrate, we used GST–AQP4-Cter proteins in which only one out of the three C-terminal CKII consensus sites was sequentially conserved (Ser276, Ser285 and Ser315, respectively). Figure 7B (right panel) shows that the three serine residues, including Ser276, were indeed efficiently phosphorylated by CKII." SIGNOR-250827 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser339 PRGQRDSsYYWEIEA 9606 15849194 t llicata "P21-activated kinase 1 (pak1)-dependent phosphorylation of raf-1 regulates its mitochondrial localization, phosphorylation of bad, and bcl-2 association. moreover, the mitochondrial translocation of raf-1 and the interaction between raf-1 and bcl-2 are regulated by raf-1 phosphorylation at ser-338/ser-339." SIGNOR-135679 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 10564272 f gcesareni "We found that both smad6 and smad7 inhibit the activation of smad1 and smad5 by bmpr-ia/alk-3 and bmpr-ib/alk-6, as well as that by alk-2" SIGNOR-236864 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser852 SYKVRFNsVSSYSDS 10400690 t llicata "It was found that purified recombinant nNOS was phosphorylated by CaM-K Ialpha, CaM-K IIalpha, and CaM-K IV at Ser847 in vitro. Replacement of Ser847 with Ala (S847A) prevented phosphorylation by CaM kinases. Phosphorylated recombinant wild-type nNOS at Ser847 (approximately 0.5 mol of phosphate incorporation into nNOS) exhibited a 30% decrease of Vmax with little change of both the Km for L-arginine and Kact for CaM relative to unphosphorylated enzyme. The activity of mutant S847D was decreased to a level 50-60% as much as the wild-type enzyme. The decreased NOS enzyme activity of phosphorylated nNOS at Ser847 and mutant S847D was partially due to suppression of CaM binding, but not to impairment of dimer formation which is thought to be essential for enzyme activation." SIGNOR-250713 NFKBIZ protein Q9BYH8 UNIPROT IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000782 20383124 t Luana "In cooperation with RORγt and RORα, IκBζ enhances Il17a expression by binding directly to the regulatory region of the Il17a gene. " SIGNOR-266210 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr143 SPAGRSIyNSFYVYC 9606 BTO:0000142 20823226 t llicata "Here we show that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-abl phosphorylates tyrosine 143 of parkin, inhibiting parkin's ubiquitin e3 ligase activity and protective function." SIGNOR-167853 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253188 glutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57378 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271816 FADS3 protein Q9Y5Q0 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267909 NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT GPC6 protein Q9Y625 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 21871017 t miannu "NFAT transcriptionally regulates GPC6 induction in breast cancer cells and binds to three regulatory elements in the GPC6 proximal promoter. Expression of GPC6 in response to NFAT signalling promotes invasive migration, whereas GPC6 silencing with shRNA (small-hairpin RNA) potently blocks this phenotype." SIGNOR-264024 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser129 PYPSPVLsEEEDLPL 9606 10618498 t lperfetto "Serine residues 37 in the transactivation domain and 129, 144 and 146 in the pest domain of spi-b are phosphorylated by ckii in vitro. The ckii phosphorylation sites mapped in vitro are phosphorylated in vivo. Mutations of the ckii phosphorylation sites increase the ability of spi-b to transactivate. Spi-b phosphorylation by ckii reduces its stability" SIGNOR-73879 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr384 GTMKRNAtSPQVQRP 9606 20086174 t lperfetto "We determined that mst2 phosphorylation by akt limits mst2 activity in two ways: first, by blocking its binding to rassf1a and by promoting its association into the raf-1 inhibitory complex, and second, by preventing homodimerization of mst2, which is needed for its activation. we identified t117 and t384 as akt phosphorylation sites in mst2." SIGNOR-244349 N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine chemical CHEBI:64098 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258466 tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29178 ChEBI His-tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29155 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10430027 t miannu "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. This amino acid has uniquely moderate basic properties and is an important group in many catalytic functions of enzymes." SIGNOR-270491 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr79 GAPAPGVyPGPPSGP 9606 20600357 t llicata "In this report we have identified novel tyrosine phosphorylation sites in galectin-3 as well as the kinase responsible for its phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that tyrosines at positions 79, 107 and 118 can be phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by c-abl kinase. our results demonstrate that cells expressing galectin-3 y107f variant showed reduced migration in wound healing assay ( fig. 5). This result confirms the role of galectin-3 tyrosine phosphorylation in cell motility." SIGNOR-166501 "CCT365623 (hydrochloride)" chemical CID:139266765 PUBCHEM LOX protein P28300 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000195 31070916 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Further SAR optimization yielded the orally bioavailable LOX inhibitor CCT365623 with good anti-LOX potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties, as well as anti-metastatic efficacy." SIGNOR-261121 TFIIE complex SIGNOR-C458 SIGNOR TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 31064989 t lperfetto "The heterodimer TFIIE (composed of the TFIIEα and TFIIEβ subunits) seems to play a pivotal role in transcription by directly influencing the transition from initiation to elongation3,4. TFIIE interacts with different factors within the PIC, including Pol II5,6 as well as with DNA immediately upstream of the transcription bubble region7,8. Furthermore, TFIIE seems to influence TFIIH activity9, although it is not clear how this molecular process can occur." SIGNOR-269362 KLF15 protein Q9UIH9 UNIPROT RBP3 protein P10745 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15277472 f miannu "KLF15 repressed transactivation of rhodopsin and IRBP promoters alone and in combination with the transcriptional activators Crx and/or Nrl." SIGNOR-253816 MRPS2 protein Q9Y399 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding P82664 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261449 NFYB protein P25208 UNIPROT NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9885213 t lperfetto "Nf-y is one of the best characterized ccaat binding proteins, and its unique structure and evolutionary conservation suggest that it plays a crucial role in transcription of eukaryotic genes.It Is a ubiquitous heteromeric transcription factor, composed of three subunits, nf-ya, nf-yb, and nf-yc, all necessary for dna binding." SIGNOR-63016 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser49 CHRLPPGsLSSTPLS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159381 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR CDKN2D protein P55273 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17873901 f gcesareni "Foxo1a strongly activated p15ink4b transcription and p19ink4d transcription, while foxo3a showed higher p19ink4d transcription activity than p15ink4b transcription activity" SIGNOR-252918 METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 27117702 t miannu "Here we find that METTL3 promotes translation of certain mRNAs including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the Hippo pathway effector TAZ in human cancer cells. " SIGNOR-265955 AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 23427266 t miannu "Gp78 induces ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of Mfn1 and Mfn2." SIGNOR-272887 TAOK3 protein Q9H2K8 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok1 3 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2" SIGNOR-201333 TRAPPC9 protein Q96Q05 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15951441 t miannu "We demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that NIBP expression in the brain is localized to neurons. NIBP physically interacts with NIK, IKK(beta), but not IKK(alpha) or IKK(gamma). NIBP overexpression potentiates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation through increased phosphorylation of the IKK complex and its downstream I(kappa)B(alpha) and p65 substrates." SIGNOR-269673 ADIPOQ protein Q15848 UNIPROT ADIPOR2 protein Q86V24 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16622416 t milica "Two adiponectin receptors, adipor1 and adipor2, have recently been identified." SIGNOR-146173 SLC24A3 protein Q9HC58 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264391 GAPDHS protein O14556 UNIPROT "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11724794 t miannu "GAPDH is commonly known as a key enzyme in glycolysis (GAPDH catalyzes the NAD-mediated oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate), a number of intriguing intracellular roles have been reported including modulation of the cytoskeleton, kinase activity, and the promotion of vesicle fusion" SIGNOR-266497 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 GVRLLQDsVDFSLAD 9606 BTO:0000150 18056432 t gcesareni "We observed that plk1 phosphorylates vimentin on ser82, which in turn regulates cell surface levels of 1 integrin." SIGNOR-159386 SLIT2 protein O94813 UNIPROT ROBO4 protein Q8WZ75 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12941633 t gcesareni "We show that robo4 binds slit and inhibits cellular migration in a heterologous expression system, analogous to the role of known robo receptors in the nervous system." SIGNOR-86380 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 YGPPSRRsENRVVVS 9606 22393468 t llicata "Here, we show that pka phosphorylates srsf1 on serine 119 in vitro. Phosphorylation of srsf1 on this site enhanced the rna binding capacity of srsf1 in vivo" SIGNOR-196397 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT TUT1 protein Q9H6E5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser6 sDVESLPR 9606 BTO:0000007 26138484 t done miannu "We identified a phosphorylated residue (serine 6, S6) on Star-PAP in the zinc finger region, the domain required for PIPKIα interaction. We show that S6 is phosphorylated by CKIα within the nucleus which is required for Star-PAP nuclear retention and interaction with PIPKIα. " SIGNOR-273619 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19637194 f irozzo "A positive cell cycle regulator that we found down-regulated in Hep3B cells upon FBP1 inactivation was cyclin D2. In addition, Cyclin D2 mRNA levels were diminished in the FBP1 knockdown cells, whereas the amount of Cyclin D1 mRNA remained unaffected. Numerous studies have classified D-type cyclins as cell cycle–promoting oncoproteins important for cellular transformation, and our results suggest that cyclin D2 is a candidate FBP1-regulated oncoprotein in HCC." SIGNOR-259124 MRPL37 protein Q9BZE1 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262360 dothiepin chemical CHEBI:36798 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258698 AMER1 protein Q5JTC6 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 SIGNOR-C110 21304492 t gcesareni "Amer1 binds ck1gamma, recruits axin and gsk3beta to the plasma membrane and promotes complex formation between axin and lrp6." SIGNOR-171886 DVL1P1 protein P54792 UNIPROT CCDC88C protein Q9P219 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Daple binds to dvl and functions as a negative regulator of the wnt signalling pathway." SIGNOR-199448 SRGAP1 protein Q7Z6B7 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260515 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1917 SPTSPTYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273075 "perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:39421 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268767 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1189 QKGELSRsPSPFTHT 9606 BTO:0000551 19683496 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-187595 ipilimumab antibody DB06186 DRUGBANK CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005594 18049334 t miannu "The inhibitory receptor CTLA4 has a key role in peripheral tolerance of T cells for both normal and tumor-associated antigens. CTLA4 blockade with ipilimumab induces cancer regression in some patients with metastatic clear cell renal cancer, even if they have not responded to other immunotherapies." SIGNOR-259894 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 15688067 t miannu "Src-mediated phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr925 creates an SH2 binding site for the growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) adaptor protein, which leads to the activation of Ras and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (ERK2) cascade." SIGNOR-257733 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT HSPA1L protein P34931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser241 DFDNRLVsHFVEEFK -1 31642047 t done miannu " We demonstrate that MK2 phosphorylates HspA1L solely on Ser241, a residue within the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain of the enzyme. This phosphorylation event enhances the chaperone activity of HspA1L in vitro and renders male germ cells more resistant to heat stress-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-273674 Dihydromorphine chemical CHEBI:4575 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258788 CDC5L protein Q99459 UNIPROT HNRNPM protein P52272 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20467437 t 1 miannu "hnRNP-M interacts directly with CDC5L and PLRG1 in vivo. we investigated whether the function of hnRNP-M in alternative splicing was affected by the central region mapped as essential for binding to the CDC5L/PLRG1 proteins. We conclude that loss of the CDC5L/PLRG1 interaction domain in hnRNP-M correlates with a loss of ability to modulate alternative splice site selection in this assay." SIGNOR-239410 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT TBXAS1 protein P24557 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 14565864 f lperfetto "Ecotopic expression of NF-E2 related factors showed that Nrf2, but not Nrf1, Nrf3, or Bach1, activated TXAS promoter in a dose-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268993 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t miannu "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-264963 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 23136067 t miannu "SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 (RING box protein 2), ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), or RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), was originally cloned in our laboratory as a redox inducible antioxidant protein and later characterized as the second member of the RBX/ROC RING component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL-F-box Proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligase.  by forming a complex with other components of the SCF E3 ligase, SAG promotes ubiquitination and degradation of a number of protein substrates, including c-JUN, DEPTOR, HIF-1α, IκBα, NF1, NOXA, p27, and procaspase-3, thus regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes." SIGNOR-271450 "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263813 ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9428518 t gcesareni "Stable expression of alpha6beta4 increased carcinoma invasion in a pi3k-dependent manner, and transient expression of a constitutively active pi3k increased invasion in the absence of alpha6beta4. Ligation of alpha6beta4 stimulated significantly more pi3k activity than ligation of beta1 integrins, establishing specificity among integrins for pi3k activation." SIGNOR-54615 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser684 IGIPQFHsPVGSPLK 9606 20236090 t "Reciprocally, we found that the phosphatases Cdc14A and Cdc14B (Cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to ERK3 and reverse its C-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis. Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.|In vitro phosphorylation of a series of ERK3-deletion mutants by mitotic cell extracts revealed that phosphorylation is confined to the unique C-terminal extension of the protein. Using MS analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, Ser684, Ser688, Thr698 and Ser705, located at the extreme C-terminus of ERK3." SIGNOR-248830 MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16874301 t miannu "Rapid degradation of MITOL by autoubiquitination activity. Taken together, these results suggested that MITOL strictly controls its protein expression level by rapid degradation of MITOL through the PHD-dependent autoubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-271895 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 ESETNQNsSSDSEAE -1 11711551 t llicata "We show here that Tcf-4 can be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase CK2 stoichiometrically in amino acids Ser-58-Ser-59-Ser-60. Phosphorylation of these residues does not modify the interaction of Tcf-4 with beta-catenin but reduces its association to plakoglobin. | Experiments performed using a Tcf-4 mutant with decreased interaction to plakoglobin demonstrated that binding to this protein negatively affected the transcriptional activity of Tcf-4." SIGNOR-251044 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser281 DGTGDTSsEEDEDEE -1 11278496 t llicata "We now show that human TFIIA is phosphorylated in vivo on serine residues that are partially conserved between yeast and human TFIIA large subunits. Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo. Additional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels. Mutation of all four serine residues reduced the ability of TFIIA to stimulate transcription in transient transfection assays with various activators and promoters, indicating that TFIIA phosphorylation is required globally for optimal function." SIGNOR-250875 Mob1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF42 SIGNOR LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Lats1 and Lats2 are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases." gcesareni "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1." SIGNOR-269957 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser595 GLMQQQKsFR 9606 11781100 t lperfetto " In summary, SHP2 is phosphorylated on serine residues 576 and 591 by PKC isoforms alpha, beta 1, beta 2, and eta." SIGNOR-249138 quizartinib chemical CHEBI:90217 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258270 pictrelisib chemical CHEBI:65326 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000149 21876152 t gcesareni "Currently, several pi3k inhibitors, including gdc0941 (genentech) and bez235 (novartis pharmaceuticals), have entered phase i clinical trials, and in addition, isoform-specific compounds are being developed" SIGNOR-252664 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys34 NFEEIDYkEIEVEEV 9606 18758450 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, TGF-beta-induced TRAF6-mediated Lys 63-linked polyubiquitylation of TAK1 Lys 34 correlates with TAK1 activation. Our data show that TGF-beta specifically activates TAK1 through interaction of TbetaRI with TRAF6, whereas activation of Smad2 is not dependent on TRAF6." SIGNOR-236071 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 BTO:0000782 19836308 t lperfetto "Gsk3 is different from most kinases in that it is constitutively partially active and the most common regulatory mechanism is inhibition by phosphorylation of ser21 in gsk3alpha or ser9 in gsk3beta. This inhibitory phosphorylation can be mediated by several kinases, such as akt/protein kinase b (pkb), protein kinase c (pkc) and protein kinase a (pka)." SIGNOR-188577 PTGER2 protein P43116 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000586 17251915 f gcesareni "Ep2 can also promote the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) expressed in colon cancer cells through src, which activates the proteolytic release of the egfr ligands amphiregulin (ar) and transforming growth factor-alfa (tgfalfa)." SIGNOR-152805 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR RAB3IL1 protein Q8TBN0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 15780940 t miannu "Our results raise the possibility that regulation of polarized exocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved function of the entire Elongator complex and that FD results from a dysregulation of neuronal exocytosis. Our results raise the possibility that regulation of polarized exocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved function of the entire Elongator complex and that FD results from a dysregulation of neuronal exocytosis. We show that elp1Δ suppression of sec2ts is not a result of reduced transcriptional elongation and that Elp1p physically associates with Sec2p. The Sec2p interaction domain of Elp1p is necessary for both Elp1p function and for the polarized localization of Sec2p. Mutations in human Elp1p (IKAP) are a known cause of familial dysautonomia (FD)." SIGNOR-269714 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NIBAN1 protein Q9BZQ8 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser602 ASPARRAsAILPGVL 9606 22510990 t llicata "We demonstrate here that ultraviolet irradiation induces phosphorylation of niban at s602 by akt, which increases the association of niban with nucleophosmin and disassociation of nucleophosmin from the mdm2 complex." SIGNOR-197053 NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "Neurofilament L/H" complex SIGNOR-C208 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19468066 t miannu "Neurofilaments are obligate heteropolymers that are minimally comprised of the low molecular neurofilament protein L (NFL) plus the medium and/or high molecular weight proteins neurofilament protein M (NFM) and neurofilament protein H" SIGNOR-255272 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0001103 12694204 t "Simone Vumbaca" "We conclude that MyoD is the major MRF that binds to the E-box from the myogenin promoter during differentiation." SIGNOR-255640 FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27096005 t areggio "Through study of FZD4 and its associated ligand Norrin, we report that a minimum of three residues distal to the KTXXXW motif in the C-terminal tail of Frizzled-4 are essential for DVL recruitment and robust Lef/Tcf-dependent transcriptional activation in response to Norrin." SIGNOR-258958 NCAPG protein Q9BPX3 UNIPROT "Condensin I" complex SIGNOR-C341 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263902 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 18423396 t lperfetto "Akt1/PKBalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export ofFoxO1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-236206 ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI PRKAG1 protein P54619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21680840 t gcesareni "AMPK is an ___ heterotrimer activated by decreasing concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and increasing AMP concentrations." SIGNOR-228607 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR KIF5C protein O60282 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser176 CTERFVSsPEEVMDV 9606 BTO:0000142 27013971 t miannu "JNK phosphorylates KIF5C on S176 in the motor domain; a site that we show is phosphorylated in brain. In the peroxisome cargo-bound state, S176 phosphorylated KIF5C(1-560) transports to microtubule plus ends, whereas dephosphorylated KIF5C(1-560) is bound tightly to microtubules resulting in an immobile state. As a consequence, phosphorylation of S176 can facilitate plus-end cargo transport by KIF5C(1-560)." SIGNOR-264063 ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 11389842 t "Indirect_regulation of phosphorylation" miannu "Nodal Induces Smad Phosphorylation through ALK4 in a Cripto-Dependent Manner" SIGNOR-251943 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT MYCBPAP protein Q8TBZ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17255943 t miannu "We moreover found that AMAP1 is monoubiquitinated, rather than polyubiquitinated, by virtue of Cbl and provide evidence that the ability of AMAP1 to be monoubiquitinated is important for its involvement in invasion. " SIGNOR-272627 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1229 SSTDRSPyEKVSAGN 9606 11152665 t lperfetto "The c-src tyrosine kinase regulates signaling of the human df3/muc1 carcinoma-associated antigen with gsk3 beta and betBeta-catenin c-src phosphorylates the muc1 cytoplasmic domain at a yekv motif c-src-mediated phosphorylation of muc1 increases binding of muc1 and betBeta-catenin" SIGNOR-85938 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser49 HKAELQGsDEDEHVR -1 9461343 t llicata "Here, we report that Myf-5 protein constitutes a substrate for phosphorylation in vitro by protein kinase CK2. We identified two potential phosphorylation sites at serine49 and serine133, both of which seem to be necessary for Myf-5 activity. " SIGNOR-250923 "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27098840 f miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes." SIGNOR-263859 clobetasol chemical CHEBI:205919 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 4594577 t SimoneGraziosi "The clinical evaluation of a new topical corticosteroid, clobetasol propionate. An international controlled trial." SIGNOR-269217 ING2 protein Q9H160 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001913 19437536 f miannu "ING2 is upregulated in colon cancer and increases invasion by enhanced MMP13 expression." SIGNOR-254491 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr357 FELRKTQtSMSLGTT 10090 24012422 t gianni "MLKL comprises a four-helical bundle tethered to the pseudokinase domain, which contains an unusual pseudoactive site. Although the pseudokinase domain binds ATP, it is catalytically inactive and its essential nonenzymatic role in necroptotic signaling is induced by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated phosphorylation.[...]S345, S347, and T349 in the MLKL activation loop were phosphorylated by RIPK3 in in vitro kinase assays" SIGNOR-266429 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CEP76 protein Q8TAP6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 VEQELPSsPKQPICF 9606 BTO:0001938 27065328 t miannu "Mechanistically, Cep76 phosphorylation inhibits activation of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), thereby blocking premature centriole disengagement and subsequent amplification. we conclude that Cep76 inhibits centriole disengagement and consequently amplification by blocking Plk1 activation at the centrosome." SIGNOR-262730 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT FOXC2 protein Q99958 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 22120723 f miannu "We show that the BRCA1-GATA3 interaction is important for the repression of genes associated with triple-negative and basal-like breast cancer (BLBCs) including FOXC1, and that GATA3 interacts with a C-terminal region of BRCA1. We demonstrate that this BRCA1-GATA3 repression complex is not a FOXC1-specific phenomenon as a number of other genes associated with BLBCs such as FOXC2, CXCL1 and p-cadherin were also repressed in a similar manner." SIGNOR-253760 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser112 KRAGGEEsQFEMDI 9606 BTO:0000007 9806882 t lperfetto "The kinase is quite distinct from casein kinase 2, which also phosphorylates Ser-111 of 4E-BP1. The possible importance of these kinases in the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in fat cells is discussed. It is suggested that the phosphorylation of Ser-111 might be a priming event that facilitates the subsequent phosphorylation of Thr-36, Thr-45, Ser-64 and Thr69 by a rapamycin-sensitive process that initiates the dissociation of 4E-BP1 from eIF4E and hence the formation of the eIF4F complex." SIGNOR-249334 PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT MEOX2 protein P50222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11423130 t miannu "We show that Mox1 and Mox2 proteins are capable of interacting with Pax1 and Pax3. We propose that the Mox family of homeodomain proteins participates in the molecular signaling network regulating the diverse events of somite development through the physical interaction with the Pax1 and Pax3 members of the Pax family." SIGNOR-222238 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr149 SVTAPSPyAQPSSTF 9606 19783996 t Manara "In cell lines, upon cisplatin treatment, c-Abl phosphorylates TAp63 on specific tyrosine residues. Such modifications affect p63 stability and induce a p63-dependent activation of proapoptotic promoters." SIGNOR-260934 miR-23a mirna URS00001CC864_9606 RNAcentral GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 20060380 t "These results suggest that miR-27a would suppress adipocyte differentiation through targeting PPARgamma and thereby down-regulation of miR-27a might be associated with adipose tissue dysregulation in obesity." SIGNOR-255929 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr237 KQEKTPKtPKGPSSV 9606 14670079 t gcesareni "We further demonstrate that phospho-mkk1/mkk2 antibodies recognize npm on the c-terminal region, which is phosphorylated by cdc2 (cell division control kinase-2) during g2/m-phase. biochemical and immunocytochemistry analyses verified that the phospho-mkk1/mkk2 antibodies cross-reacted with npm that was phosphorylated at thr234 and thr237 during g2/m-phase, which are the same sites that are targeted by cdc2 (cell division cycle protein-2) during mitosis." SIGNOR-120334 SSTR5 protein P35346 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256969 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270744 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 14960576 t amattioni "Smac/diablo selectively causes the rapid degradation of c-iap1 and c-iap2 in hela cells. Smac binding to c-iap via its n-terminal iap-binding motif is the prerequisite for this effect" SIGNOR-121886 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT COL11A2 protein P13942 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10980415 f miannu "Since Sox9 also contains a potent transcription activation domain, it is a typical transcription factor. Sox9 which binds and activates this enhancer element, is required for chondrocyte differentiation and for expression of a series of chondrocyte-specific marker genes including Col2a1, Col9a2, Col11a2 and Aggrecan." SIGNOR-251758 MDK protein P21741 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18469519 t gcesareni "We showed that mk binds to the notch2 receptor in hacat keratinocytes. We further found that mk activates notch2" SIGNOR-161427 POLR2J protein P52435 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266161 KCNQ3 protein O43525 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 19298256 t miannu "KCNQ genes encode five Kv7 K+ channel subunits (Kv7.1–Kv7.5). Four of these (Kv7.2–Kv7.5) are expressed in the nervous system. Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 are the principal molecular components of the slow voltage-gated M-channel, which widely regulates neuronal excitability, although other subunits may contribute to M-like currents in some locations." SIGNOR-265984 DRD1 protein P21728 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257391 APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12297508 t gcesareni "By using co-immunoprecipitation and nickel affinity pull-down approaches, we now show that mammalian aph-1 (maph-1), a conserved multipass membrane protein, physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human cell lines and in rat brain." SIGNOR-93259 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257452 TIAM2 protein Q8IVF5 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260578 TIMP1 protein P01033 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "There are many naturally occurring proteins that can inhibit angiogenesis, including angiostatin, endostatin, interferon, platelet factor 4, thorombospondin, prolactin 16 kd fragment, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3" SIGNOR-252272 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr436 FHRNHTAtVRSHAEN 9606 BTO:0000661 11123317 t lperfetto "Here, we present a selective mutagenesis analysis of two conserved threonine residues (T410 and T412) located at the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic region of CD5. These residues are contained within consensus phosphorylation motifs for protein kinase C and are shown here to be critical for in vivo protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of CD5. " SIGNOR-249071 CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 395188 t lperfetto "Studies show that aromatization (a reaction sequence unique in steroid biosynthesis) of androgens to estrogens is not limited to the female reproductive organs but also occurs in extragonadal tissue. Aromatization involves the loss of the angular C-19 methyl group and cis elimination of the 1beta and 2beta hydrogens from the androgen precursors, androstenedione and testosterone, to yield estrone and estradiol, respectively. In men, the production of estrone is 18 ug/day and is mainly extraglandular. Aromatase activity has also been shown in a variety of tissues in mammalian and other species." SIGNOR-251528 PCDH9 protein Q9HC56 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-269035 MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12297423 t "Signaling between MyD88 and TRAF6 is mediated by members of the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) family; however, the exact function of each IRAK protein remains controversial. IRAK-1 is required for the optimal transduction of IL-1R- and TLR-mediated signals, but IRAK-1 can be replaced by other IRAKs. Surprisingly, gene targeting studies show that the newest IRAK protein, IRAK-4, has an essential role in mediating signals initiated by IL-1R and TLR engagement." SIGNOR-252097 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002314 25194572 f lperfetto "STAT3 signaling controls satellite cell expansion and skeletal muscle repair" SIGNOR-245048 threonine smallmolecule CHEBI:26986 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264761 CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Calpains also modulate the activity of CDK5. Physiologically, CDK 5 is activated by p35 and its cleaved product p25. The latter has a longer half life than p35 and therefore it is a more potent activator of CDK5. The cleavage of p35 to p25 is mediated by calpain" SIGNOR-251610 XXYLT1 protein Q8NBI6 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 22117070 t "Xylosylation in ER membrane" gcesareni "Xxylt1 acts on the xyl1,3glc-o-linked glycan of notch egf domains." SIGNOR-254333 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258591 GRIK4 protein Q16099 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264345 KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 30759871 t miannu "The KDM4 family of Jumonj domain histone demethylases specifically target di- and tri-methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), removing a modification central to defining heterochromatin and gene repression. The majority of studies regarding its function describe it as an activator that removes repressive H3K9me3 and H3K9me2 at or near regulated promoters in order to facilitate expression of the indicated pathways." SIGNOR-265359 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21289285 t gcesareni "These results indicate that ang ii increases endothelial arginase activity/expression through galfa12/13 g proteins coupled to at(1) receptors and subsequent activation of rhoa/rock/p38 mapk pathways leading to endothelial dysfunction." SIGNOR-171760 ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 16303767 t lperfetto "In vivo and in vitro biochemical analyses have shown that human atg4b is an authentic cysteine protease essential for cleavage of the c terminus of each atg8 homolog to expose the c-terminal gly" SIGNOR-141929 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ADD2 protein P35612 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser713 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK -1 8810272 t lperfetto "Ser-726 and Ser-713 in the C-terminal MARCKS-related domains of alpha- and beta-adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites for PKC." SIGNOR-248952 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser99 HFAIAADsEAEQDSW -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-251074 SMC1A protein Q14683 UNIPROT "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 28430577 t lperfetto "Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved complex composed of four core proteins (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and either STAG2 or STAG1) that form a ring-shaped structure able to encircle chromatin" SIGNOR-263313 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000586 9734785 t lperfetto "Axin, an inhibitor of the wnt pathway, interacts with beta-catenin, gsk-3beta and apc and reduces the beta-catenin level." SIGNOR-227292 SF3A2 protein Q15428 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270667 N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:125619 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258887 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251636 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 LQTDGNRsSHSRLGR 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-250805 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser418 TTENRFHsLPFSLTK 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "Thus, serine 418 is phosphorylated in vivo. Cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204688 PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30193097 t miannu "¬†PCK1 regulates an essential rate-limiting step by catalyzing the reversible conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).¬†" SIGNOR-266587 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr566 NTRQQMDtPMVSCGN -1 12361598 t miannu "GST-tagged recombinant CP110 (GST-wt) was robustly phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2 (Figure 2A). Expression of a mutant derivative of CP110 refractory to CDK phosphorylation provokes marked polyploidy. We localized the majority (nine of ten) of potential CDK2 phosphorylation sites in CP110 to an amino-terminal fragment (GST-ΔN1; Figure 1B)" SIGNOR-265959 creatine smallmolecule CHEBI:16919 ChEBI CKB protein P12277 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265809 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C6 10207072 t gcesareni "Both p53 and rela(p65) interact with the transcriptional coactivator proteins p300 and creb-binding protein (cbp), and we demonstrate that these results are consistent with competition for a limiting pool of p300/cbp complexes in vivo." SIGNOR-66953 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC14 protein Q99879 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265390 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr676 NQMQPDTtSVVKDSQ 9606 19120698 t llicata "Autophosphorylation appears to be a priming event for kinase activation. We identified mps1 autophosphorylation sites in the activation and the p+1 loops. Whereas activation loop autophosphorylation enhances kinase activity" SIGNOR-183026 AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT AGTR2 protein P50052 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001130 16597412 f gcesareni "Endothelin-1 (et-1) and angiotensin ii (angii), two potent vasoactive peptides involved in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis, also induce mitogenic and pro-angiogenic responses in vitro and in vivo. Both peptides are produced by cleavage of inactive precursors by metalloproteases (endothelin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme, respectively) and activate two subtypes of membrane receptors (eta-r and etb-r for et-1, at1r and at2r for angii) that all belong to the superfamily of g-protein coupled receptors." SIGNOR-145680 EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 11494141 f miannu "Flow cytometry suggested that over-expression of BPOZ inhibited progression of the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. Anti-sense oligonucleotides for BPOZ or EGR2 effectively inhibited their expression, and cell growth was accelerated." SIGNOR-260048 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1766 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269350 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270739 tiagabine chemical CHEBI:9586 ChEBI SLC6A1 protein P30531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7851497 t miannu "Recently, a number of lipophilic GABA transport inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, which are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier, and which display anticonvulsive activity. We have now determined the potency of four of these compounds, SK&F 89976-A (N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid), tiagabine ((R)-1-[4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl]-3- piperidencarboxylic acid), CI-966 ([1-[2-[bis 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]ethyl]-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid), and NNC-711 (1-(2-(((diphenylmethylene)amino)oxy)ethyl)-1,2,4,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride), at each of the four cloned GABA transporters, and find them to be highly selective for GAT-1." SIGNOR-258477 "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269030 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 10364157 t irozzo "We find that PU.1 interacts directly with GATA-1, a zinc finger transcription factor required for erythroid differentiation. Interaction between PU.1 and GATA-1 requires intact DNA-binding domains in both proteins. PU.1 represses GATA-1-mediated transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-256049 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr767 ESFKRLVtPRKKSKS 9606 BTO:0000007 23063527 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometry, molecular, and cellular approaches show that CDK1/Cyclin B1 phosphorylates Gravin on threonine 766 to prime the recruitment of the polo-like kinase Plk1 at defined phases of mitosis." SIGNOR-271839 ZNF365 protein Q70YC5 UNIPROT PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23966166 t "We identified ZNF365 as a necessary component of the HR repair pathway. ZNF365 interacts with PARP1 and tethers MRE11 to the nucleolytic resection sites for replication fork recovery" SIGNOR-272477 "HLA2 beta chain" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF90 SIGNOR "Class II MHC" complex SIGNOR-C428 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 1311249 t scontino "The biosynthesis of MHC Class II molecules starts with the assembly of the alpha and beta subunits." SIGNOR-267869 wortmannin chemical CHEBI:52289 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 8162590 t gcesareni "The microbial product wortmannin and some of its analogues have been shown to be potent inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase." SIGNOR-252666 SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT glucose chemical CHEBI:17234 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 17403369 t "Skeletal muscle both stores glucose as glycogen and oxidizes it to produce energy following the transport step. The principal glucose transporter protein that mediates this uptake is GLUT4, which plays a key role in regulating whole body glucose homeostasis" SIGNOR-267288 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1123 RSRSRSRsPRPRGDS 10116 BTO:0004102 12824184 t llicata "We demonstrated that Cdk5 phosphorylated Ser-1176 in the neuregulin receptor ErbB2 and phosphorylated Thr-871 and Ser-1120 in the ErbB3 receptor. We identified the Ser-1120 sequence RSRSPR in ErbB3 as a novel phosphorylation consensus sequence of Cdk5. Finally, we found that Cdk5 activity is involved in neuregulin-induced Akt activity and neuregulin-mediated neuronal survival. " SIGNOR-250663 OGG1 protein O15527 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 26221032 f miannu "Cut repeats from the CUX1 protein were recently shown to stimulate 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), an enzyme that removes oxidized purines from DNA and introduces a single strand break through its apurinic/apyrimidinic lyase activity to initiate base excision repair." SIGNOR-263959 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RSPRY1 protein Q96DX4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271210 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser412 EEEDGTGsPQLNNR 9606 15456867 t gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 phosphorylate beta-arrestin1 at ser-412 in vitro. . in the resting state, cytosolic arrestin1 proteins are constitutively phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) at ser412, located within their distal c terminus. erk-phosphorylated arrestin1 is unable to associate with clathrin cages, whereas this constraint is removed upon its dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-129585 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser612 LNNSNLFsPVNRDSE 9606 21335236 t gcesareni "We show that npc disassembly is a phosphorylation-driven process, dependent on cdk1 activity and supported by members of the nima-related kinase (nek) family. mitotic hyperphosphorylation of nup98 is accomplished by multiple kinases, including cdk1 and neks." SIGNOR-172217 RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-267804 SBF1 protein O95248 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 20937701 f miannu "Reduced sciatic nerve axons and normal myelination in the absence of Mtmr5. However, Mtmr5−/− mice had significantly fewer total myelinated axons in sciatic nerves than wild-type controls (Fig. 5G)." SIGNOR-269812 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT TBXAS1 protein P24557 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14565864 t miannu "Ecotopic expression of NF-E2 related factors showed that Nrf2, but not Nrf1, Nrf3, or Bach1, activated TXAS promoter in a dose-dependent manner." SIGNOR-253907 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18347071 t gcesareni "In this study, we discovered two novel interactions between dvl and c-jun and between dvl and beta-catenin in the nucleus that mediate the formation of a dvlc-junbeta-catenintcf functional complex." SIGNOR-178038 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI RET protein P07949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "A novel multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib (Figure 1), inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, that play key roles in angiogenesis, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (TIE2) and the mutant oncogenic kinase KIT, RET, B-RAF" SIGNOR-259181 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser558 VPTYESAsIRRFQEG 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129268 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253182 DUSP16 protein Q9BY84 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12524447 t gcesareni "Here we report that jip-1 also binds the dual-specificity phosphatases mkp7 and m3/6 via a region independent of its jnk binding domain. when mkp7 is bound to jip-1 it reduces jnk activation leading to reduced phosphorylation of the jnk target c-jun" SIGNOR-97173 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 12535517 t gcesareni "One protein that associates with 14-3-3 in an akt-dependent manner is shown here to be the yes-associated protein (yap), which is phosphorylated by akt at serine 127, leading to binding to 14-3-3. Akt promotes yap localization to the cytoplasm, resulting in loss from the nucleus where it functions as a coactivator of transcription factors including p73." SIGNOR-252593 SIK1 protein P57059 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 SALNRTSsDSALHTS 9606 16817901 t miannu "These results suggested that sik1 could phosphorylate all torcs and thereby repress their transactivation activities." SIGNOR-147707 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr95 KFPECGFyGMYDKIL 9606 17804414 t llicata "Critical for the regulation of pkd1 activity in response to oxidative stress are src- and abl-mediated tyrosine phosphorylations that eventually lead to protein kinase cdelta (pkcdelta)-mediated activation of pkd1. our data suggest that pkd1 phosphorylation at tyr95 generates a binding motif for pkcdelta, and that oxidative stress-mediated pkcdelta/pkd interaction results in pkd1 activation loop phosphorylation and activation." SIGNOR-157716 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr141 AITSPFKyQSLLTKN 10029 BTO:0000246 8557631 t "Insulin (10 nM)-stimulated rIR-catalyzed phosphorylation of β2-adrenergic receptor peptides was found prominently in peptides L339 (Tyr350 and Tyr354), T362 (Tyr364), and to a lesser extent peptides Y132 (Tyr132 and Tyr141), and I135 (Tyr141). G-protein-linked receptors and intrinsic tyrosine-kinase growth receptors represent two prominent modalities in cell signaling. Cross-regulation among members of both receptor superfamilies has been reported, including the counter-regulatory effects of insulin on β-adrenergic catecholamine action. Cells stimulated by insulin show loss of function and increased phosphotyrosine content of β2-adrenergic receptors." SIGNOR-251300 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 11101524 t lperfetto "Wip1 selectively inactivates p38 by specific dephosphorylation of its conserved threonine residue" SIGNOR-84793 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr246 LPRPRLNtSDFQKLK 9606 BTO:0000007 12524439 t gcesareni "Treatment of these cells with 4-hydroxytamoxifen stimulated the phosphorylation of wt PRAS40 but not the mutant PRAS40 in which Thr-246 was mutated. These results demonstrate that activation of Akt alone is sufficient to induce phosphorylation of PRAS40" SIGNOR-236929 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr960 GHQKRIAySLLGLKD -1 21538645 t gcesareni "The SAM domain tyrosine Y960 which has been implicated in downstream PI3K signaling is dephosphorylated exclusively by HCPTP-B. The activation loop tyrosine (Y772) which directly controls kinase activity is dephosphorylated about six times faster by HCPTP-A. In contrast, the juxtamembrane tyrosines (Y575, Y588 and Y594) which are implicated in both control of kinase activity and downstream signaling are dephosphorylated by both variants with similar rates" SIGNOR-246023 CCL3 protein P10147 UNIPROT CCR1 protein P32246 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20219869 t areggio "The investigators showed that myoblasts constitutively express receptors for CCL2 (CCR2), CCL3 (CCR1 and CCR5), and CCL4 (CCR5), and that stimulation with either CCL2 or CCL4 was sufficient to promote myoblast proliferation. " SIGNOR-255114 "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "D-erythrose 4-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:16897 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19401148 t miannu "Transaldolase (TAL, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone transferase; EC number 2.2.1.2) is a cofactor-less enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig. 1A and B). It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a three carbon unit (“dihydroxyacetone”) between various sugar phosphates (from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in length). Physiological donor compounds are ketose sugar phosphates as fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Acceptor compounds are aldose sugar phosphates as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate." SIGNOR-268132 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser571 RMRSRSRsFSRHRSC 9606 BTO:0000759 17554339 t lperfetto "Here we describe a mechanism by which insulin, through the intermediary protein kinase akt2/protein kinase b (pkb)-beta, elicits the phosphorylation and inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator 1alpha (pgc-1alpha), a global regulator of hepatic metabolism during fasting / phosphorylation of pgc-1alpha At ser570 Is required for akt to inhibit recruitment of pgc-1alpha To chromatin." SIGNOR-252502 SERPINA1 protein P01009 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 26707513 t lperfetto "C1INH is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that acts on both the complement pathway and the contact system and is the main inhibitor of the contact system by targeting both FXIIa and PK 9. Additionally, FXIIa can be inhibited by α1‐antitrypsin and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1)." SIGNOR-263515 HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23213415 t gcesareni "Furthermore, smad7 caused hdac-1 bind to e2f-1 to form a ternary complex on chromosomal dna containing an e2f-binding motif and leading to repression in the activity of the e2f target genes." SIGNOR-199961 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr696 ARQSRRStQGVTLTD 9606 8662509 t "Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase) is activated by GTP-RhoA" gcesareni "Rho-associated kinase (rho-kinase) phosphorylated mbs and consequently inactivated myosin phosphatase. Rho appears to inhibit myosin phosphatase through the action of rho-kinase." SIGNOR-42354 MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Lats1 and Lats2 are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases." gcesareni "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1." SIGNOR-169798 RAD51C protein O43502 UNIPROT RAD51B/RAD51C complex SIGNOR-C65 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11751636 t miannu "We show that two of them, rad51b and rad51c, are associated in a stable complex. Rad51b-rad51c complex has ssdna binding and ssdna-stimulated atpase activities." SIGNOR-113388 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT XPC protein Q01831 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23422745 t gcesareni "Atrand atm physically interacted with xpc and promptly localized to the uv damage sites." SIGNOR-201112 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 16510874 f Luana "Beta-cat promotes h3k4 trimethylation at the c-myc gene in vivo. H3k4 trimethylation in vivo requires prior ubiquitination of h2b, and we find that ubiquitin is necessary for transcription initiation on chromatin but not nonchromatin templates in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that beta-cat recruits pygopus, bcl-9/legless, and mll/set1-type complexes to the c-myc enhancertogether with the negative wnt regulators, apc, and betatrcp." SIGNOR-265358 PRKAR1B protein P31321 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258753 HACD proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF86 SIGNOR ELOVL proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF93 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 18554506 t miannu "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases.We also established that the HACD proteins interact with ELOVL proteins. Our analyses have completed the identification of mammalian enzymes responsible for the entire VLCFA elongation cycle." SIGNOR-267915 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr485 LDIEQFStVKGVNLD -1 8144599 t "Autophosphorylation of GRK5 occurs primarily at residues Ser-484 and Thr-485. Phospholipid-stimulated autophosphorylation activates the G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5." SIGNOR-251202 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 11884598 t gcesareni "Convergence of multiple signaling cascades at glycogen synthase kinase 3: edg receptor-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation by lysophosphatidic acid through a protein kinase c-dependent intracellular pathway." SIGNOR-115718 EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32955564 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, translation initiation generally occurs by a cap-dependent scanning mechanism, wherein the small (40S) subunit of the ribosome recruits methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) in a ternary complex (TC) with GTP-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), in a reaction stimulated by factors eIF1, eIF1A and eIF3." SIGNOR-269114 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr759 LYDVSRMyVDPSEIN -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249364 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI GLRB protein P48167 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001175;BTO:0001279;BTO:0000146 18721822 t miannu "The glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyR), a member of the pentameric Cys-loop ion channel receptor family, mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord, brainstem and retina." SIGNOR-264983 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RNF20 protein Q5VTR2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21763684 t gcesareni "E3 ubiquitin ligase, a heterodimeric complex of the ringfinger rfn20/rfn40 is phosphorylated by atm." SIGNOR-174949 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser396 GHQGTVPsDNIDSQG -1 8662852 t "we report the identification of the sites of GRK2- and GRK5-mediated beta2AR phosphorylation. six are phosphorylated by GRK5 (Thr-384, Thr-393, Ser-396, Ser-401, Ser-407, and Ser-411)." SIGNOR-251195 GDP smallmolecule CHEBI:17552 ChEBI PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 29074724 t lperfetto "PRPS1 is inhibited by the nucleotide biosynthesis products ADP, AMP, and GDP" SIGNOR-265738 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NEFH protein P12036 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser518 SPEKEAKsPVKEEAK 10116 BTO:0000938 9592082 t lperfetto "The fraction containing Erk2, as well as bacterially expressed Erk1 and Erk2, phosphorylated all types of KSP motifs in peptides (KSPXK, KSPXXK, KSPXXXK, and KSPXXXXK) derived from NF-M and NF-H. They also phosphorylated an expressed 24 KSPXXXK repeat NF-H polypeptide, an expressed NF-H as well as dephosphorylated native rat NF-H, and NF-M proteins with accompanying decreases in their respective electrophoretic mobilities. |Our data on primary hippocampal cells also showed an inhibition of neurite outgrowth by the drug that was accompanied by inhibition of MAP, NF-H, and NF-M phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249423 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC2R protein Q01718 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and α, β, and γ melanocyte–stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268696 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr597 SQRGRADtGLETSTR -1 28967905 t miannu "MRE11 is highly unstable in PTEN-deficient cells but stability can be significantly restored by inhibiting mTORC1 or p70S6 kinase (p70S6K), downstream kinases whose activities are stimulated by AKT, or by mutating a residue in MRE11 that we show is phosphorylated by p70S6K in vitro." SIGNOR-265944 APBA3 protein O96018 UNIPROT STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 9395480 t miannu "Munc18-1 is a neuronal protein that interacts with syntaxin 1 and is required for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We have now identified two Munc18-1-interacting proteins called Mint1 and Mint2 that may mediate the function of Munc18-1." SIGNOR-264036 malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267115 ATG3 protein Q9NT62 UNIPROT GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 16303767 t lperfetto "Three human atg8 (hatg8) homologs, lc3, gabarap, and gate-16, have been characterized as modifiers in reactions mediated by hatg7 (an e1-like enzyme) and hatg3 (an e2-like enzyme)" SIGNOR-141868 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270756 AUTS2 protein Q8WXX7 UNIPROT DOCK1 protein Q14185 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001909 25533347 t miannu "Mutations in the Autism susceptibility candidate 2 gene (AUTS2), whose protein is believed to act in neuronal cell nuclei, have been associated with multiple psychiatric illnesses, including autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Here we show that cytoplasmic AUTS2 is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and neural development.  AUTS2 activates Rac1 to induce lamellipodia but downregulates Cdc42 to suppress filopodia. Our loss-of-function and rescue experiments show that a cytoplasmic AUTS2-Rac1 pathway is involved in cortical neuronal migration and neuritogenesis in the developing brain. These results suggest that FL-AUTS2 can activate Rac1 via interaction with P-Rex1 and the Elmo2/Dock180 complex to regulate actin dynamics in N1E-115 cells." SIGNOR-266820 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1387 GRCPSDPyKHSLPSQ -1 10195142 t lperfetto "To gain further insight into the roles of Src and Fyn in the phosphorylation and regulation of the NMDA receptor, we have characterized the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src and FynIn the case of NR2A, three potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been proposed: Tyr1105, Tyr1267 and Tyr1387 (Zheng et al. 1998; Bi et al. 2000), all of which are similarly located in the C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-247171 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HMOX2 protein P30519 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser79 TALYFTYsALEEEME 10116 BTO:0003036 14527438 t llicata "Carbon monoxide neurotransmission activated by CK2 phosphorylation of heme oxygenase-2. | CK2 activation is abolished by the S79A mutation but preserved in S179A and T248A mutations, indicating that S79 is the target of CK2-dependent activation of HO2" SIGNOR-250895 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 BTO:0000671 18701453 t lperfetto "We found that gsk-3Beta phosphorylates and inactivates 4e-bp1, thereby increasing eif4e-dependent protein synthesis. upon stimulation, 4e-bp1 is phosphorylated on several threonine and serine residues, including thr-37/46 (36). This results in dissolution of the complex, freeing eif4e to bind with mrna cap to promote translation initiation." SIGNOR-236660 tamoxifen chemical CHEBI:41774 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20512796 t miannu "Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) antagonists have been widely used for breast cancer therapy. Despite initial responsiveness, hormone-sensitive ER-positive cancer cells eventually develop resistance to ER antagonists. It has been shown that in most of these resistant tumor cells, the ER is expressed and continues to regulate tumor growth. Recent studies indicate that tamoxifen initially acts as an antagonist, but later functions as an ER agonist, promoting tumor growth." SIGNOR-258587 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "MECP2/SIN3A/HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C360 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9620804 t Luana "We show that a region of MeCP2 that localizes with the TRD associates with a corepressor complex containing the transcriptional repressor mSin3A and histone deacetylases." SIGNOR-267736 SMC4 protein Q9NTJ3 UNIPROT "Condensin II" complex SIGNOR-C342 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263909 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257392 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "Taken together, ERK-mediated Smad2 linker phosphorylation is responsible for TH17 differentiation" SIGNOR-255020 STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 18362890 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "These findings indicate that the phosphorylation of mob1 at thr74 by mst2 is essential to make a complex of mob1, mst2 and ndr1, and to fully activate ndr1" SIGNOR-270220 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PLD2 protein O14939 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr566 FIQRWNFtKTTKAKY 9606 20733000 t "Translocation from Cytoplasm to the Edge of Lamellipodia" gcesareni "Finally, we show that thr566 of pld2 is directly phosphorylated by pkc and that pld2 mutation in this region prevents pld2 activation, pld2 translocation to the edge of lamellipodia, rac translocation, and cell spreading after integrin activation" SIGNOR-167577 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 9707433 t lperfetto "Moreover, when expressed in mammalian cells, pp2ca inhibited the activation of the p38 and jnk cascades induced by environmental stresses. Both in vivo and in vitro observations indicated that pp2ca dephosphorylated and inactivated mapkks (mkk6 and sek1) and a mapk (p38) in the stress-responsive mapk cascades. Furthermore, a direct interaction of pp2ca and p38 was demonstrated by a co-immunoprecipitation assay" SIGNOR-59618 "R2TP core co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C515 SIGNOR "PAQosome co-chaperone complex" complex SIGNOR-C516 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484152 t miannu "The PAQosome (Particle for Arrangement of Quaternary structure) is a large multisubunit chaperone complex that is essential for the assembly and stabilization of other macromolecular complexes. It also interacts with several chaperones including Hsp90, Hsp70, and CCT. The PAQosome is comprised of the R2TP complex, the URI1 prefoldin complex (also known as the non-canonical prefoldin-like complex), the RNA polymerase subunit RPB5, and the WD40 repeat protein WDR92. " SIGNOR-270925 PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2‚ÄìARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark." SIGNOR-265343 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser246 CPRLRIFsHPNVLPV 9606 17420447 t lperfetto "We found that pak1 phosphorylates ilk at threonine-173 and serine-246 in vitro and in vivo. together, these results suggest that ilk is a pak1 substrate, undergoes phosphorylation-dependent shuttling between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm, and interacts with gene-regulatory chromatin." SIGNOR-154303 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18676376 t lperfetto "Calcineurin dephosphorylates members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)2 transcription factor family, allowing NFAT to translocate to the nucleus where it cooperates with other transcription factors to induce transcription of target genes." SIGNOR-233435 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser187 RIMEKADsNKTRIDE 9606 12459461 t lperfetto "This study establishes that SNAP-25 is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase C and protein kinase A in neuroendocrine PC12 cells. Using phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis we identified both Thr138 and Ser187 as the targets of SNAP-25 phosphorylation by protein kinase C" SIGNOR-249178 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT GLI1/GLI2 complex SIGNOR-C450 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000304 32766732 t "GLI2 and GLI1 heterodimerize via the Zn-finger domain" SimoneGraziosi "GLI1 and GLI2 were shown to co-immunoprecipitate in PANC1 pancreatic cancer cells and RMS13 rhabdomyosarcoma cells.|Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GLI1 and GLI2 occupied the same regions at the BCL2, MYCN and CCND1 promoters. Furthermore, depletion of GLI1 inhibited GLI2 occupancy at these promoters, suggesting that GLI1/GLI2 interaction is required for the recruitment of GLI2 to these sites." SIGNOR-269210 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser619 RELTNRHsLPFSLPS 9606 BTO:0000782 11024037 t lperfetto "However, under normal conditions, PKC activation resulting from CD43 engagement was required to activate the MAPK pathway, suggesting that phosphorylation of Cbl on serine residues by PKC and its association with 14-3-3 molecules may play a role in preventing the Cbl inhibitory effect on the Ras-MAPK pathway. " SIGNOR-249054 STAT4 protein Q14765 UNIPROT S100A4 protein P26447 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 22740693 f miannu "It suggests that HBXIP is able to activate S100A4 promoter via interacting with STAT4 in breast cancer cells, leading to the up-regulation of S100A4." SIGNOR-255246 RNF182 protein Q8N6D2 UNIPROT ATP6V0C protein P27449 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002574 18298843 t miannu "The data indicated that RNF182 targeted ATP6V0C for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway." SIGNOR-271771 EIF4E2 protein O60573 UNIPROT "EIF4E2/GIGYF2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C257 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000568 22751931 t SARA "A Novel 4EHP-GIGYF2 Translational Repressor Complex Is Essential for Mammalian Development|GIGYF2 interacts specifically with m4EHP. The stabilities of m4EHP and GIGYF2 proteins are coregulated." SIGNOR-261008 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Thr-tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29163 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269536 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19855020 f gcesareni "On the other hand, bmp activity negatively regulates shh transcription and a bmp-shh nega-tive-feedback loop serves to confine shh expression during limb development." SIGNOR-188853 SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253405 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR DYSF protein O75923 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136497 cabazitaxel chemical CHEBI:63584 ChEBI TUBB1 protein Q9H4B7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21770474 t miannu "Among these, larotaxel (XRP9881, formerly RPR109881A)[3,4] and cabazitaxel (XRP6258, TXD258, RPR116258A)[5] share a mechanism of action unique to taxanes, promoting tubulin assembly and stabilizing microtubules against cold-induced depolymerization" SIGNOR-259341 PTPRE protein P23469 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 12754301 t llicata "The effect of PTP epsilon on ERKs is at least in part indirect because phosphorylation of the threonine residue in the ERK activation loop is reduced in the presence of PTP epsilon. Nonetheless, PTP epsilon is present in a molecular complex with ERK, providing PTP epsilon with opportunity to act on ERK proteins also directly. We conclude that PTP epsilon is a physiological inhibitor of ERK signaling|These enzymes are joined by the large family of dual-specificity phosphatases, which are structurally similar to tyrosine phosphatases but which can dephosphorylate both residues of the activation loop" SIGNOR-248449 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 GILARRPsYRKILKD 9606 8663317 t lperfetto "Camk ii phosphorylates only ser63 (corresponding to ser133 of creb), which is essential for the activation, and not ser72 (corresponding to ser142 of creb), which is a negative regulation site" SIGNOR-42565 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine smallmolecule CHEBI:34795 ChEBI PDE1A protein P54750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22014080 t "Until now, very few inhibitors of PDE1 were available for evaluating the contribution of PDE1 in tissue and cell function. Vinpocetine (Ahn et al., 1989) and 8-methoxymethyl-IBMX (Ahn et al., 1997) are common PDE1 inhibitors." SIGNOR-256274 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 t gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-84056 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 10090 BTO:0002572 28646232 t Gianni "We demonstrate that insulin-mediated activation of ERK1/2 results in phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 independently of Akt/mTORC1 activity in Tsc2 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that inhibition of ERK1/2 rescues GSK3β activity and restores protein synthesis in Tsc2 −/− MEFs to normal levels" SIGNOR-262523 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8921911 f miannu "Studies using two mutant versions of this promoter, in which the Sp1 and C/EBP-related factor binding sites were deleted, respectively, revealed that Sp1 and C/EBP-related factors activate the transcription of SOD1 gene. the binding of Sp1 to the proximal upstream region of the Cu/Zn SOD might explain the expression of Cu/Zn SOD in a wide variety of cells." SIGNOR-253899 EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr596 KLPGLRTyVDPHTYE 9606 11870224 t "Eph receptor activation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of three major autophosphorylation sites. these residues function to regulate kinase activity, their phosphorylation being required for full intrinsic enzyme activity. these tyrosines (EphA3 Y596, Y602 and Y779) as the prominent autophosphorylation sites of EphA3" SIGNOR-251115 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT ACVR1/BMPR2 complex SIGNOR-C30 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7791754 t lperfetto "Bmpr-ii is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that binds bmp-2 and bmp-7 in association with multiple type i receptors, including bmpr-ia/brk1, bmpr-ib, and actr-i, which is also an activin type i receptor." SIGNOR-33287 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT UGT1A10 protein Q9HAW8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 15044625 t "Using gel shift and functional assays, HNF1alpha was demonstrated to bind to and activate the UGT1A8, -1A9, and -1A10 promoters. In contrast, Cdx2 bound to and activated the UGT1A8 and -1A10 promoters but could not activate the UGT1A9 promoter." SIGNOR-253971 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser166 SSRRRAIsETEENSD 9606 15169778 t gcesareni "Stabilization of mdm2 via decreased ubiquitination is mediated by protein kinase b/akt-dependent phosphorylation." SIGNOR-124949 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 15282549 t gcesareni "Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation" SIGNOR-127301 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 7744247 t gcesareni "Cdc25a can act on substrates other than cdks, since it dephosphorylates the homeodomain transcription factor cut and interacts with and dephosphorylates the proto-oncogene raf-1, resulting in a significant decrease in raf-1 kinase activity" SIGNOR-32548 PSMA6 protein P60900 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263368 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr188 SFVGTLQyLAPELLE 9606 SIGNOR-C14 12707358 t lperfetto "These results indicate that c-src can associate with ikkbeta and phosphorylate its tyrosine residues after tnf-alfa or tpa stimulation." SIGNOR-100784 ZBTB20 protein Q9HC78 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23776228 t miannu "Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 20 (ZBTB20), a member of BTB/POZ family, functions in neurogenesis and represses α-fetoprotein gene transcription in liver." SIGNOR-266867 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser498 RHRPLSRtQSSPLPQ 9606 18332134 t Manara "In this report, we show that VEGF stimulates PKD-dependent phosphorylation of HDAC5 at Ser259/498residues in ECs, which leads to HDAC5 nuclear exclusion and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-260876 "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR IL18 protein Q14116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp36 DDENLESdYFGKLES 9606 BTO:0001370 9334240 t lperfetto "We also found two precursor hIL-18 (prohIL-18)-processing activities in the cytosol of THP.1 cells. These activities were blocked separately by the caspase inhibitors Ac-YVAD-CHO and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Further analyses of the partially purified enzymes revealed that one is caspase-1, which cleaves prohIL-18 at the Asp36-Tyr37 site to generate the mature hIL-18, and the other is caspase-3, which cleaves both precursor and mature hIL-18 at Asp71-Ser72 and Asp76-Asn77 to generate biologically inactive products." SIGNOR-256377 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT USP14 protein P54578 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser432 THQGRSSsSGHYVSW 9606 26523394 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of ubiquitin-specific protease-14 by Akt regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system|These results suggested S432 as a major and S143 as a minor phosphorylation site of Akt." SIGNOR-265056 KLHL15 protein Q96M94 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 27561354 t miannu " Here, we identify the Cullin3 E3 ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-like protein 15 (KLHL15) as a new interaction partner of CtIP and show that KLHL15 promotes CtIP protein turnover via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272411 TGFBRAP1 protein Q8WUH2 UNIPROT "CORVET tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C550 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273695 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR IQGAP2 protein Q13576 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr716 EYMHRRQtFIDNTDS 9606 21776420 t miannu "We show that IQGAP2 is regulated by an interaction with the A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220. Phosphorylation of IQGAP2 via AKAP220-anchored PKA leads to enhanced Rac binding. Since AKAPs function to direct PKA toward specific substrates, we proposed that the formation of an IQGAP2/AKAP220/PKA ternary complex sharpens the response to cAMP." SIGNOR-273742 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11997495 t lperfetto "We have shown that the interaction of the bims and bimad isoforms with bax leads to a conformational change in this protein analogous to that triggered by the bh3-only protein bid.We find short peptides representing the alpha-helical bh3 domains of bid or bim are capable of inducing oligomerization of bak and bax to release cytochrome." SIGNOR-87280 FAM83H protein Q6ZRV2 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273764 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT RXRG protein P48443 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 1310351 f gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-16469 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT KIF4A protein O95239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr799 PPKLRRRtFSLTEVR -1 28992084 t miannu "Using in vitro kinase assays, we found that active AMPK and Aurora B phosphorylated KIF4A at Ser801 and Thr799 respectively in a time-dependent manner (Figure 5D). KIF4A is phosphoregulated by AMPK and Aurora B. Although AMPK phosphorylation increased the ATPase activity of KIF4A, Aurora B phosphorylation resulted in a stronger increase (Figure 5I), which might be consistent with the more powerful kinase function of Aurora B during mitosis." SIGNOR-265992 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 8617202 t miannu "In vitro, Clk/Sty efficiently phosphorylated the SR family member ASF/SF2 on serine residues located within its serine/arginine-rich region (the RS domain). Overexpression of the active Clk/Sty kinase caused a redistribution of SR proteins within the nucleus. These results suggest that Clk/Sty kinase directly regulates the activity and compartmentalization of SR splicing factors." SIGNOR-273857 CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 8617202 t miannu "In vitro, Clk/Sty efficiently phosphorylated the SR family member ASF/SF2 on serine residues located within its serine/arginine-rich region (the RS domain). Overexpression of the active Clk/Sty kinase caused a redistribution of SR proteins within the nucleus. These results suggest that Clk/Sty kinase directly regulates the activity and compartmentalization of SR splicing factors." SIGNOR-273858 SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT Alternative_Splicing_Regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH204 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26273603 f miannu "In particular, SRSF1 recognizes SREs in its own transcripts, leading to alternative splicing, with some transcript forms being degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD)." SIGNOR-273861 LRP4 protein O75096 UNIPROT MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 23458718 t miannu "AGRN is released by the nerve and binds to LRP4, which then binds to MuSK. This interaction leads to MuSK autophosphorylation and activation of its kinase function, leading to anterograde signalling by subsequent phosphorylation of DOK7 (not shown), which binds MuSK as a dimer." SIGNOR-273850 GAN protein Q9H2C0 UNIPROT CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 18680552 t miannu "Gigaxonin is the substrate-specific adaptor for a new Cul3-E3-ubiquitin ligase family that promotes the proteasome dependent degradation of its partners MAP1B, MAP8 and tubulin cofactor B." SIGNOR-268944 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163246 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT GAS1 protein P54826 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 f Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261588 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser194 TPRKEDRsASSGAEG -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273961 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t "The binding occours if Smo is phosphorylated" gcesareni "Grk2-mediated phosphorylation of vertebrate smo allows smo to bind to beta-arrestins 1 or 2" SIGNOR-199153 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CORO7 protein P57737 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr758 GDTRVFLyELLPESP -1 18581049 t done miannu "We establish that Src activity is indispensable for the interaction of Crn7 with Golgi membranes. Crn7 binds Src in vivo and can be phosphorylated by recombinant Src in vitro. We demonstrate that tyrosine-758 is the major Src phosphorylation site. " SIGNOR-274005 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19805059 t miannu "GR directly regulates transcription of circadian clock components in mouse and human primary MSCs. Per2, E4bp4, Per1, and Timeless rapidly respond to glucocorticoid stimulation. Primary glucocorticoid receptor (GR) target genes are those at which GR occupies a nearby genomic glucocorticoid response element (GRE) and regulates target gene transcription" SIGNOR-268050 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t miannu "Myod targets brg1 to the myogenin promoter during the initiation of myogenesis in tissue culture models for skeletal muscle differentiation /initiation of myogenin transcription is dependent upon myod, the pbx homeodomain factor, and swi/snf chromatin-remodeling enzymes" SIGNOR-151703 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 HLYGIAGsTNVTGDQ 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274032 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT CERF complex SIGNOR-C340 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 15640247 t miannu "Biochemical isolation of CECR2 revealed the presence of this protein as a component of a novel heterodimeric complex termed CECR2-containing remodeling factor (CERF). CERF comprises CECR2 and the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SNF2L, a mammalian ISWI ortholog expressed predominantly in the central nervous system. CERF is capable of remodeling chromatin in vitro and displays an ATP hydrolyzing activity that is stimulated by nucleosomes. Together, these data identify a novel chromatin remodeling complex with a critical role in neurulation." SIGNOR-263890 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11101851 t gcesareni "Maml1 binds to the ankyrin repeat domain of all four mammalian notch receptors, forms a dna-binding complex with icn and rbp-jkappa, and amplifies notch-induced transcription of hes4" SIGNOR-84916 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29176 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269487 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SSRP1 protein Q08945 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser510 SSSNEGDsDRDEKKR 9606 BTO:0000007 15659405 t llicata "CK2 phosphorylates SSRP1 and inhibits its DNA-binding activity. | we identified serines 510, 657, and 688 as phosphorylation targets of CK2 in vitro. Mutagenesis of the three serines revealed that serine 510 was more important for the regulation of SSRP1 DNA-binding activity." SIGNOR-250959 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT PLD2 protein O14939 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9148895 t gcesareni "The results of this study suggest that membrane phospholipase d activity can be negatively regulated via gi" SIGNOR-48256 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser257 DSFESIEsYDSCDRL BTO:0003637 12475968 t llicata "Increased Transactivation of the GM-CSF Promoter/Enhancer by Ets1 with Mutated CaMK II Sites | Significantly, phosphorylation of Ets1 by Ca2+-dependent pathways is thought to inhibit DNA binding in vitro. To analyze the role of these four serines, S251, S257, S282, and S285, in transcription, we constructed three mutant derivatives of human Ets1 " SIGNOR-250685 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT RAPGEF1 protein Q13905 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr504 APIPSVPyAPFAAIL 9606 24396067 t llicata "We also showed that ctla-4 receptor signaling mediates tyrosine phosphorylation in the c3g protein, and that this is required for augmented activation of rap1 and increased adhesion mediated by leukocyte function-associated antigen type 1 (lfa-1). ctla-4 signaling leads to phosphorylation of c3g tyrosine 504. the src family member hck phosphorylates c3g downstream of ctla-4." SIGNOR-203613 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000793 20871098 f Barakat "Ubiquitination of MFN-1 or MFN-2 was induced in untransfected cells and cells transfected with control siRNA. However, ubiquitination of MFN-1 and MFN-2 was significantly reduced when treated with either PINK1 siRNA combination. These results suggest that PINK1 is required for the ubiquitination of MFN-1 and MFN-2." SIGNOR-274136 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser684 IGIPQFHsPVGSPLK 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3.alanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.we found that the phosphatases cdc14a and cdc14b (cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to erk3 and reverse its c-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis." SIGNOR-164404 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser163 SYRESSLsPSPASSI 9606 BTO:0000782 9374467 t lperfetto "Ser163 and ser165 represent the major sites of in vitro phosphorylation of nfat4 by jnk. / the negative regulation of nfat4 nuclear accumulation caused by jnk provides a mechanism for cell type?specific Responses to extracellular stimulation" SIGNOR-53364 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258183 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr420 RYVLDDEyVSSFGAK 9606 11353545 t lperfetto "We further demonstrate that Rlk can be phosphorylated and activated by Src kinases, leading to a decrease in its half-life. A specific tyrosine in the activation loop of Rlk, Y420, is required for phosphorylation and activation, as well as for decreased stability, but is not required for lipid RAFT association." SIGNOR-247346 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr735 KPFPAPQtPGRLQPA 9606 12058067 t lperfetto "We report that the cytosolic tail of the tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (tace) is phosphorylated by erk at threonine 735.These results demonstrate that secretases are able to discriminate between the different stimuli that trigger membrane protein ectodomain cleavage and indicate that phosphorylation by mapks may regulate the proteolytic function of membrane secretases." SIGNOR-89614 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257619 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HECTD3 protein Q5T447 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271280 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 9606 10348343 t gcesareni "The double-stranded rna activated protein kinase pkr physically associates with the tumor suppressor p53 protein and phosphorylates human p53 on serine 392 in vitro." SIGNOR-68033 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27856324 f irozzo "Previously, we found that MLL-AF4 binds to the BCL-2 gene and directly activates it through DOT1L recruitment and increased H3K79me2/3 levels. MLL-AF4 directly controls the active transcription of both BCL-2 and MCL-1 […]. Of all the BCL-2 family members, only BCL-2 and MCL-1 are directly activated by MLL-AF4." SIGNOR-255881 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257798 DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9115257 t miannu "SAPAPs are specifically expressed in neuronal cells and enriched in the PSD fraction. SAPAPs induce the enrichment of PSD-95/SAP90 to the plasma membrane in transfected cells. Thus, SAPAPs may have a potential activity to maintain the structure of PSD by concentrating its components to the membrane area." SIGNOR-264213 MK-2206 chemical CHEBI:67271 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001286 21841310 t gcesareni "Treatment with the pi3k inhibitor ly294002 or the akt inhibitor mk2206 diminished s473 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252461 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser24 QAAPKAPsKKEKKKG 9606 BTO:0000782 15280374 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis revealed that a dab2 ser(24) phosphorylation mutant (s24a) abrogated the inhibitory function of dab2." SIGNOR-127198 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC6 protein Q93077 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHK 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271759 paliperidone chemical CHEBI:82978 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258562 SLC6A8 protein P48029 UNIPROT creatine smallmolecule CHEBI:16919 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18652074 t miannu "CRT is essential for normal brain function as mutations in the CRT gene (SLC6A8) result in X-linked mental retardation, associated with the almost complete lack of creatine in the brain, severe speech and language delay, epilepsy, and autistic behaviour." SIGNOR-265782 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 10835356 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that following IkappaB kinase (IkappaK)-mediated phosphorylation, the C-terminal domain of p105 (residues 918-934) serves as a recognition motif for the SCF(beta)(-TrCP) ubiquitin ligase.In vitro, SCF(beta)(-TrCP) specifically conjugates and promotes processing of phosphorylated p105." SIGNOR-272570 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" hydroxylation 9606 BTO:0000567 21620138 t "inferred from family member" "Interaction of PKM2 with prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) enhances PKM2 binding to HIF-1Œ± and PKM2 coactivator function. Mass spectrometry and anti-hydroxyproline antibody assays demonstrate PKM2 hydroxylation on proline-403/408. PHD3 knockdown inhibits PKM2 coactivator function, reduces glucose uptake and lactate production, and increases O(2) consumption in cancer cells." SIGNOR-270290 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 10823814 t "C-Myc directly transactivates genes encoding GLUT1, phosphofructokinase, and enolase and increases glucose uptake in Rat1 fibroblasts. Nuclear run-on studies confirmed that the GLUT1 transcriptional rate is elevated by c-Myc. Our findings suggest that overexpression of the c-Myc oncoprotein deregulates glycolysis through the activation of several components of the glucose metabolic pathway." SIGNOR-259987 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9606 7535770 t lperfetto "Recently, two MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) that activate p38 MAP kinase have been identified. The mechanism of p38 activation is mediated by dual phosphorylation on Thr-180 and Tyr-182" SIGNOR-27973 NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 34765544 t miannu "We determined that FASN inhibitor treatment resulted in NADPH accumulation and inhibition of PGDH enzyme activity. NADPH is a cofactor utilized by FASN, also a known allosteric inhibitor of PGDH." SIGNOR-267371 IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20610653 f miannu "Type 1 IFNs are induced in a cell type-specific manner through Toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor pathways, both of which activate interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor _B (NF-_B) transcription factors." SIGNOR-260330 ATXN7L3 protein Q14CW9 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269579 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 10090 BTO:0002572 12782654 t lperfetto "S6K1 is a positive regulator of protein synthesis, and its activity is induced by mTOR-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-101336 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14592972 t gcesareni "Pp1 recognizes cdc25 directly by interacting with a pp1-binding motif in the cdc25 n-terminus." SIGNOR-118917 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9450761 t lperfetto "Here we report the crystal structure at 2.9 a resolution of the p50/p65 heterodimer bound to the kappab dna" SIGNOR-55378 retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265127 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002398 22140532 t miannu "ERG deregulation induces PIM1 over-expression and aneuploidy in prostate epithelial cells. The up-regulation of PIM1 induced by tERG over-expression significantly modified Cyclin B1 levels and increased the percentage of aneuploid cells in the RWPE-1 cell line after taxane-based treatment. Here we provide the first evidence for an ERG-mediated PIM1 up-regulation in prostate cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a direct effect of ERG transcriptional activity in the alteration of genetic stability." SIGNOR-259408 indisulam chemical CHEBI:145431 ChEBI DCAF15 protein Q66K64 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001109 31819272 t miannu "Indisulam promotes an interaction between RBM39 and the DCAF15 E3 ligase substrate receptor, leading to RBM39 ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-272204 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1393 GSVPLSSsPPATHFP 9606 7635160 t llicata "We show that many of the sites phosphorylated on topoisomerase iia in vivo correspond to sites phosphorylated in vitro by both p3pdcz and mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase. phosphopeptide 1 was eliminated by replacement of ser1392" SIGNOR-30256 "prostaglandin E2" smallmolecule CHEBI:15551 ChEBI PTGER2 protein P43116 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 15299086 t gcesareni "Pge2 acts via four ep receptors termed ep1 to ep4." SIGNOR-127735 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr279 RGEPNVSyICSRYYR 9606 BTO:0000527 18701488 t gcesareni "Gsk3a is activated by phosphorylation at tyr-279." SIGNOR-180035 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 YLDSGIHsGATTTAP 9606 BTO:0000586 SIGNOR-C110 16293724 t gcesareni "This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-141803 EXT1 protein Q16394 UNIPROT WNT8B protein Q93098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24860992 f miannu "Decreased Ext1 was shown to reduce the level of Wnt8 and BMP4 signaling and disrupt ventral-specific gene expression. Ext1 function is required for maintenance of normal levels of BMP and wnt, as well as their target genes. In addition, expression of xbra and the establishment of ventral mesoderm depend upon normal levels of Ext1. These findings suggest that ext1-dependent synthesis of HSPG is critical for wnt and BMP signaling, mesodermal identity, and ventral pattern." SIGNOR-264020 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RBFOX2 protein O43251 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr7 tPGYHGFP 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262761 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser726 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000671 9679146 t gcesareni "These data demonstrate that adducin is a significant in vivo substrate for pkc or other pma-activated kinases in a variety of cells, and that phosphorylation of adducin occurs in dendritic spines that are believed to respond to external signals by changes in morphology and reorganization of cytoskeletal structures. Ser-726 and ser-713 in the c-terminal marcks-related domains of alpha- and beta-adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites common for pka and pkc." SIGNOR-59229 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1917 SPTSPTYsPTSPKYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176825 SHMT2 protein P34897 UNIPROT (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32439610 t lperfetto "Serine catabolism initiated by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) transfers thegamma-carbon amino acid side chain to THF, forming glycine and 5,10-methylene-THF (me-THF) (Fig. 1). The cytosolic (SHMT1) and mitochondrial (SHMT2) isoforms perform the same reactions." SIGNOR-268227 FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT SLC27A2 protein O14975 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 31949772 f lperfetto "FOXM1 as a prognostic biomarker promotes endometrial cancer progression via transactivation of SLC27A2 expression." SIGNOR-260414 AANAT protein Q16613 UNIPROT N-acetylserotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:17697 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 22775292 t miannu "Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of human N-acetyl serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), the last enzyme of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway. Melatonin synthesis requires serotonin, which is first acetylated by the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) to produce N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) (Fig. 1A). Then, acetyl serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT, also known as hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase or HIOMT) produces melatonin by transferring a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to NAS." SIGNOR-265478 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Tau pseudophosphorylation at specific sites such as s262, s293, s324 and s356 was reported to induce tau conformational change and attenuate tau binding to microtubules (fischer et al., 2009). Then, newly soluble tau proteins are targeted by post-translational modifications that directly or indirectly alter tau conformation, promoting tau dimerization in an anti-parallel manner. Stable tau dimers form tau oligomers, which continue in the aggregation process" SIGNOR-171042 KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12426306 f fspada "Constitutive overexpression of klf2 but not klf15 potently inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) expression with no effect on the upstream regulators c/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta." SIGNOR-210019 UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257319 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM73 protein Q86UV7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271187 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10671503 t lperfetto "The early growth response transcription factor egr-1 can also interact with rela in vitro and regulate nf-kappab transcriptional activity in vivo" SIGNOR-216328 "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268605 SELPLG protein Q14242 UNIPROT SELP protein P16109 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130 23994464 t apalma "This steady-state rolling is primarily mediated by the interaction of endothelial P-selectins with their neutrophil glycoprotein counterreceptors, primarily PSGL-1." SIGNOR-255038 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser94 QISTIAEsEDSQESV 9606 9931297 t lperfetto "Ser108, ser111 and ser114, located in a region matching the consensus sequence for the casein kinase ii target, were required.These results strongly suggest that the casein kinase ii target region is involved in cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of the creb protein and also in transcriptional enhancement." SIGNOR-64250 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA10 protein Q9Y5H3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265682 HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257309 KATNAL2 protein Q8IYT4 UNIPROT TUBD1 protein Q9UJT1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0001363 29136647 t miannu "Here we show that KATNAL2 is critical for numerous aspects of this developmental process, including the initiation of the axoneme from the basal body, suppression of the spermatid centriole duplication cycle, sperm nuclear sculpting via the manchette, the attachment of the acrosome to the nucleus and the tethering of elongated spermatids to Sertoli cells via the tubulobulbar complex and ultimately sperm release via spermiation. KATNAL2 does not sever microtubules composed of α- and β-tubulin but does interact with δ- and ε-tubulin" SIGNOR-267175 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SH3GL1 protein Q99961 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr315 QPSCKALyDFEPEND 9606 16054026 t lperfetto "Further, we identified an interaction between fak's second pro-rich motif and endophilin a2's sh3 domain. This interaction served as an autophosphorylation-dependent scaffold to allow src phosphorylation of endophilin a2 at tyr315. Tyr315 phosphorylation inhibited endophilin/dynamin interactions, and blockade of tyr315 phosphorylation promoted endocytosis of mt1-mmp. Together, these results suggest a regulatory mechanism of cell invasion whereby fak promotes cell-surface presentation of mt1-mmp by inhibiting endophilin a2-dependent endocytosis." SIGNOR-139150 ING1 protein Q9UK53 UNIPROT SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14522900 t miannu "We found that p33(ING1b) physically interacts with hSIR2, reverses its ability to induce the AFP promoter, and induces acetylation of p53 residues at Lys(373) and/or Lys(382)." SIGNOR-254486 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257986 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11333986 f gcesareni "P38 map k can also induce a g2/m checkpoint through the phosphorylation and the phosphatase cdc25b." SIGNOR-85999 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser364 ALREKKFsTKSDVWS 9606 BTO:0000782 11181701 t lperfetto "Activation of the cooh-terminal src kinase (csk) by camp-dependent protein kinase inhibits signaling through the t cell receptor.Pka phosphorylates csk at s364 in vitro and in vivo leading to a two- to fourfold increase in csk activity that is necessary for camp-mediated inhibition of tcr-induced interleukin 2 secretion." SIGNOR-105229 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT (S)-dihydroorotate smallmolecule CHEBI:30864 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267420 APPL1 protein Q9UKG1 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 19520843 t milica "In this study, we identified lkb1 as a new binding partner of appl1 and showed that the bar domain of appl1 is involved in this interaction.Here we show that in muscle cells adiponectin and metformin induce ampk activation by promoting appl1-dependent lkb1 cytosolic translocation. Appl1 mediates adiponectin signaling by directly interacting with adiponectin receptors and enhances lkb1 cytosolic localization by anchoring this kinase in the cytosol." SIGNOR-186065 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT Translational_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH202 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17360704 f gianni "Mutation of rpS6 at Ser(235/236) reveals that phosphorylation of these sites promotes its recruitment to the 7-methylguanosine cap complex, suggesting that Ras/ERK signaling regulates assembly of the translation preinitiation complex. These data demonstrate that RSK provides an mTOR-independent pathway linking the Ras/ERK signaling cascade to the translational machinery." SIGNOR-268528 L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5‚Ä≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-267512 COPS2 protein P61201 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270772 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 12684058 t lperfetto "Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 activate alpha-ENaC2 transcription through a GC-rich element (Sp1-binding site) in the promoter. Sp1 and Sp3 are essential for alpha-ENaC2 transcription in lung epithelial cells and that dephosphorylation of the Sp transcription factors by PP1 suppresses alpha-ENaC2 expression." SIGNOR-264669 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser455 PAPSRTAsFSESRAD -1 10653665 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Recombinant Human ATP:Citrate Lyase by cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Abolishes Homotropic Allosteric Regulation of the Enzyme by Citrate and Increases the Enzyme Activity. Ser 454, which is phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)" SIGNOR-250328 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser466 VIDLTIDsSSDEEEE 9606 19217413 t llicata "Ck2 phosphorylates serine residues adjacent to the sim of pias1 these findings show that the phosphosim module mediates binding to free sumo and sumo conjugates in a phosphorylation-dependent mode, with ck2 being the critical kinase involvedin this process." SIGNOR-184039 "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268608 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr373 ASDTDSSyCIPTAGM 10090 10978177 t "HGab-1 was phosphorylated by IR at eight tyrosine residues (Y242, Y285, Y373, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). t Gab-1 is the major binding partner of PI-3 kinase in 3T3L1 cells when stimulated with insulin" SIGNOR-251312 MIF protein P14174 UNIPROT CD74 protein P04233 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12782713 t miannu "Mif binds to the extracellular domain of cd74, and cd74 is required for mif-induced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 map kinase cascade, cell proliferation, and pge2 production." SIGNOR-101526 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI RIOX1 protein Q9H6W3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273475 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001176 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP binds IRE1α, and was shown to be required for activation of this signaling cascade in endothelial cells. IRE1α can trigger pro-apoptotic JNK signaling through recruitment of the TRAF2–ASK1 complex. DAB2IP facilitates IRE1α activation, and participates in a signaling complex required to induce TRAF2-dependent ASK1 activation and JNK phosphorylation." SIGNOR-254749 PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT SLC2A2 protein P11168 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11309388 t "In conclusion, Pdx1 confers the expression of pancreatic β-cell-specific genes, such as genes encoding insulin, islet amyloid polypeptide, Glut2, and Nkx6.1." SIGNOR-255540 TRIP12 protein Q14669 UNIPROT NAE1 protein Q13564 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 SIGNOR-C131 18627766 t miannu "Our data suggest that that TRIP12 promotes degradation of APP-BP1 by catalyzing its ubiquitination, which in turn modulates the neddylation pathway." SIGNOR-266780 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15970593 f lperfetto "Transcription initiation is a major regulatory step in eukaryotic gene expression. Co-activators establish transcriptionally competent promoter architectures and chromatin signatures to allow the formation of the pre-initiation complex (PIC), comprising RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and general transcription factors (GTFs).|this observation appears remarkably prevalent for chromatin-modifying and remodeling complexes. Here, we use the modular organization of the evolutionary conserved Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex as a paradigm to illustrate how co-activators share and combine a relatively limited set of functional tools." SIGNOR-269569 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser129 ICPSLPYsPVSSPQS 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-198111 tandutinib chemical CHEBI:90237 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258298 GABRD protein O14764 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263770 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr247 VKGKSDPyHATSGAL 9606 16916748 t lperfetto "The oncogenic tyrosine kinase, v-src, phosphorylates connexin43 (cx43) on y247 and y265 and inhibits cx43 gap junctional communication (gjc), the process of intercellular exchange of ions and metabolites." SIGNOR-148913 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT KRT1 protein P04264 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17982242 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "IL-1β alone decreased the expression of E-cadherin and cytokeratin" SIGNOR-251883 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268901 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MST1R protein Q04912 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1394 VRRPRPLsEPPRPT 9606 14505491 t lperfetto "Akt/pkb phosphorylates ron ser-1394, thus providing a docking site for 14-3-3based on these results, we propose a mechanism based on msp-ron-dependent phosphorylation and 14-3-3 association, whereby the function of alpha6beta4 switches from a mechanical adhesive device into a signaling component, and might be critically involved in human epidermal wound healing" SIGNOR-118053 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP protein levels can be negatively regulated by the activity of the E3-ubiquitin ligases Fbw7, Skp2, and Smurf1" SIGNOR-254774 trametinib chemical CHEBI:75998 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001950 25487801 t Luana "Inhibitors of MEK1/2 (trametinib) and/or ERK1/2 (selumetinib) had the strongest and most conserved inhibitory activities, suggesting that MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 may have unique capabilities as stand-alone or combinatorial therapies for MERS-CoV infections. " SIGNOR-262312 alvimopan chemical CHEBI:135686 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18313920 t Luana "A series of N-substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines, l opioid receptor antagonists, analogs of alvimopan, were prepared using solid phase methodology. This study led to the identification of a highly selective l opioid receptor antagonist, which interacts selectively with l peripheral receptors." SIGNOR-257772 MAP3K2 protein Q9Y2U5 UNIPROT MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000782 11073940 f gcesareni "Mekk2 activated bmk1/erk5 to a greater extent, which might correlate with a higher affinity mekk2-mek5 interaction. A dominant negative form of mek5 blocked the activation of bmk1/erk5 by mekk2" SIGNOR-84184 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr319 TPVVSVTtPSLPPQG 9606 9858528 t lperfetto "We show that mef2a, but not mef2b or mef2d, is a substrate for p38. Threonines 312 and 319 are the key regulatory phosphorylation sites by p38 in mef2a. Phosphorylation at these sites enhances transcriptional activity of mef2a" SIGNOR-62784 SETMAR protein Q53H47 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0000007 25024738 f miannu "We previously found that Chk1 phosphorylation of Metnase on S495 enhanced its DNA DSB repair activity but decreased its ability to re-start stalled replication forks. Here we show that phosphorylated Metnase feeds back to increase the half-life of Chk1. Chk1 half-life is regulated by DDB1 targeting it to Cul4A for ubiquitination and destruction. Metnase decreases Chk1 interaction with DDB1, and decreases Chk1 ubiquitination.  Phosphorylated Chk1 phosphorylates S495 of Metnase. Phosphorylated Metnase decreases the interaction of DDB1 with Chk1, reducing Chk1 targeting to the Cul4a E3 ubiquitin ligase, increasing Chk1 stability." SIGNOR-273609 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259023 nefazodone chemical CHEBI:7494 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9871604 t miannu "Equilibrium dissociation constants KD for binding of (_+)-2 and (_+)-3 to hSERT, hNET, and hDAT are given in Table 2. Nefazodone has similar affinities at hSERT, hNET, and hDAT, but has low potency" SIGNOR-259068 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser927 DSDSVCDsGVETSFR 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C13 10469655 t lperfetto "All residues of p105 phosphorylated by ikka are c-terminal; the major phosphorylation region contains three serines (ser923; ser927;ser932) and two threonines (thr927 and thr391)." SIGNOR-70453 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT STAMBP protein O95630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser243 SLKPGALsNSESIPT 9534 BTO:0000298 11483516 t llicata "BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads." SIGNOR-250597 RPL12 protein P30050 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262487 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT NPAS2 protein Q99743 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 20817722 t miannu "Direct Regulation of the NPAS2 Promoter by RORα and REV-ERBα. it appears in the context of the NPAS2 promoter RORα functions as a transcriptional activator, but REV-ERBα may only function as an inhibitor of RORα activity by blocking binding." SIGNOR-267980 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271247 CSTF3 protein Q12996 UNIPROT "CSTF complex" complex SIGNOR-C441 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10669729 t lperfetto "We therefore first identified regions of the CstF subunits, CstF-77, CstF-64, and CstF-50, required for interaction with each other. " SIGNOR-268367 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "We have shown that with-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) possesses several properties that suggest it could be the Cl−/volume-sensitive regulatory kinase that, in association with protein phosphatases, reciprocally modifies the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of the SLC12 proteins and thus their activities|WNK3 activates NKCC1/2 and NCC and inhibits the KCCs" SIGNOR-264625 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 18077326 t miannu "Fhit interacts with _-catenin in vitro and in vivo / the tumor suppressor fhit acts as a repressor of _-catenin transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-159873 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 SIGNOR-C15 16959574 t lperfetto "GSK3 inhibits the mTOR pathway by phosphorylating TSC2 in a manner dependent on AMPK-priming phosphorylation" SIGNOR-217749 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr476 EANYVPMtPGTFDFS 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249464 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT EPRS1 protein P07814 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser886 LSQSSDSsPTRNSEP 9606 19647514 t lperfetto "Ser(886) phosphorylation is required for the interaction of nsap1, which blocks eprs binding to target mrnas. The same phosphorylation event induces subsequent binding of ribosomal protein l13a and gapdh and restores mrna binding. Ifn-_ activates cdk5 to phosphorylate ser(886) in the linker domain of glutamyl-prolyl trna synthetase (eprs), the initial event in assembly of the gait complex. Cdk5/p35 also induces, albeit indirectly via a distinct kinase, phosphorylation of ser(999), the second essential event in gait pathway activation" SIGNOR-187383 ZNF267 protein Q14586 UNIPROT MMP10 protein P09238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 16054593 t Luana "Furthermore, ZNF267 binds to the MMP-10 promoter region as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In conclusion, our results suggest that ZNF267 as a negative transcriptional regulator of MMP-10 " SIGNOR-266211 "Condensin II" complex SIGNOR-C342 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32445620 f miannu "Human Condensin I and II Drive Extensive ATP-Dependent Compaction of Nucleosome-Bound DNA. the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263913 SOS2 protein Q07890 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85." SIGNOR-175265 GRIK3 protein Q13003 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264344 SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003104 24970928 t irozzo "The findings in this study raise the possibility that Sox4 may also antagonize Lef1 (Tcf1 is not expressed in pro-B lymphocytes) function by controlling the stability of β-catenin in pro-B lymphocytes." SIGNOR-256139 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT STX1A protein Q16623 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser14 ELRTAKDsDDDDDVA 10116 BTO:0000142 10844023 t llicata "We generated an antibody that specifically recognizes a casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation on serine-14 of syntaxin 1. In this report we show that this phosphorylation occurs in vivo and is developmentally regulated in the rat brain | Phosphorylated syntaxin is preferentially associated with SNAP-25 and localizes to discrete domains of the axonal plasma membrane that do not colocalize with pools of synaptic vesicles." SIGNOR-251043 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 10464286 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-70420 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 f lperfetto "We show that PGE2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein;G protein)-coupled receptor, EP2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase Akt" SIGNOR-235914 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10629050 t "Following Bid-induced conformational change" lperfetto "Following bid-induced conformational change, bax oligomerizes and inserts tightly within the outer mitochondrial membrane. The integration of bax in the outer mitochondrial membrane is followed by cytochrome crelease" SIGNOR-73895 GPCR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF33 SIGNOR GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23994464 t apalma "Activation of those receptors triggers the dissociation of the GPCR-specific GŒ± subunit from the shared GŒ≤Œ≥ dimer and concomitant activation of various signal transduction pathways by both G-protein fragments" SIGNOR-255009 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT FCGR2A protein P12318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr281 LEETNNDyETADGGY -1 8756631 t lperfetto "To identify the FcgammaRII-phosphorylating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), we used the combination of an in vitro and an in vivo approach. In an in vitro assay using recombinant cytoplasmic tails of the different FcgammaRII isoforms as well as tyrosine exchange mutants, we show that each of the BCR-associated PTKs (Lyn, Blk, Fyn, and Syk) shows different phosphorylation patterns with regard to the different FcgammaR isoforms and pointFyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of Fc_RIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addi-tion to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-247590 HNF4G protein Q14541 UNIPROT AKR1C4 protein P17516 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003846 2044952 f 2 miannu "Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4_/_, HNF-1_, and vHNF-1 regulate the cell-specific expression of the human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4/AKR1C4 gene. HNF-4_ is a necessary factor for the activation of the human DD4 gene. is much higher than that of vHNF-1-C." SIGNOR-240013 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1491 DYHFVNAtEESDALA 9606 BTO:0000938 19824698 t lperfetto "We identified ser1403, thr1404, thr1410, thr1491 located within the roc domain, as well as thr1967 and thr1969 in the kinase domain, as the autophosphorylation sites. eduction in the gtp-bound form of lrrk2 caused by t1491d mutation might have lowered the kinase activity, implicating the autophosphorylation of the roc domain in a negative feedback regulation of the kinase activity of lrrk2." SIGNOR-188425 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser366 PGGSRAHsSHLKSKK 9606 BTO:0000567 10673501 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-75013 TUBA1A protein Q71U36 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 f miannu "We show here that Elongator regulates corticogenesis because an acute disruption of its activity in dorsal progenitors results in radial migration delays and defective terminal branching of projection neurons that come with a reduction in α-tubulin acetylation. Importantly, this complex interacts with the microtubule cytoskeleton, where Elp3 may directly acetylate α-tubulin, a posttranslational modification known to regulate the intracellular trafficking that is critical for cell shape remodeling during migration and terminal branching." SIGNOR-269725 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT HMGCS2 protein P54868 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" Lys83 YNNVEAGkYTVGLGQ 9606 BTO:0000007 24315375 t desuccinylation lperfetto "We demonstrate that SIRT5 regu-lates succinylation of the rate-limiting ketogenicenzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2(HMGCS2) both in vivo and in vitro.|Succinylation of Lysine Residues within the SubstrateBinding Pocket Inhibits HMGCS2 Activity|Here, we use a label-freequantitative proteomic approach to characterizethe lysine succinylome in liver mitochondria and itsregulation by the desuccinylase SIRT5" SIGNOR-267641 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003336 29212876 t miannu "Previous studies have reported that the PPARγ proximal promoter contains an overlapping binding site for Egr-1, which is involved in the down-regulation of PPARγ. In the present study, we have provided direct evidence that leptin causes PPARγ reduction in primary cultured PASMC; this effect is coupled to leptin-induced ERK1/2 activation and subsequent induction of Egr-1, which further down-regulates PPARγ expression and results in PASMC proliferation. The present study confirmed that ERK1/2 signaling cascade mediated leptin-induced PPARγ reduction by up-regulation of Egr-1 in PASMC." SIGNOR-263508 PPM1B protein O75688 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 18930133 t "PPM1A and PPM1B act as IKKbeta phosphatases to terminate TNFalpha-induced IKKbeta-NF-kappaB activation|Overexpression of PPM1A or PPM1B results in dephosphorylation of IKKbeta at Ser177 and Ser181 and termination of IKKbeta-induced NF-kappaB activation." SIGNOR-248343 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002882 11684015 f lperfetto "BCR/ABL Tyrosine Kinase Enhances Expression of RAD51 by Stimulation of STAT5-Mediated Transactivation and Inhibition of Caspase-3-Dependent Degradation|" SIGNOR-271705 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser840 VRSAFTTsTVVRMHV -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249281 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1062 TWIENKLyGMSDPNW 9606 16778204 t "The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase J antagonizes the biochemical and biological effects of RET-derived oncoproteins.|PTPRJ expression induces dephosphorylation of the RET(C634R) and, probably via an indirect mechanism, RET/PTC1 oncoproteins on two key RET autophosphorylation sites (Tyr1062 and Tyr905). This results in a significant decrease of RET-induced Shc and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation levels" SIGNOR-248700 "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16729043 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Like erbb1, erbb4 recruits grb2, shc and stat5." SIGNOR-269962 PRKAR2A protein P13861 UNIPROT PRKAR2A protein P13861 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 SRFNRRVsVCAETYN -1 6293815 t miannu "RII subunit containing the 'autophosphorylation' site (Ser-95)" SIGNOR-250073 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1313946 t gcesareni "The oxytocin receptor, expressed in xenopus oocytes, specifically responds to oxytocin and induces an inward membrane current" SIGNOR-16758 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser280 YKKVKKNsSPPLSLY 9606 19833968 t miannu "We demonstrated that the nutrient-responsive adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylates and destabilizes the clock component cryptochrome 1 (CRY1). In mouse livers, AMPK activity and nuclear localization were rhythmic and inversely correlated with CRY1 nuclear protein abundance. Stimulation of AMPK destabilized cryptochromes and altered circadian rhythms, and mice in which the AMPK pathway was genetically disrupted showed alterations in peripheral clocks. Phosphorylation of S71 or S280 by AMPK destabilizes CRY1" SIGNOR-268047 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR PARP10 protein Q53GL7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr101 QGLPPGTtPQRLEQH -1 16455663 t miannu "The PARP activity of PARP10 depends on phosphorylation by CDK2-cyclin E in vitro. CDK-phosphorylated PARP10 is absent in growth-arrested cells. These results suggest that PARP10 functions in cell proliferation and may serve as a marker for proliferating cells.our results suggest that nucleolar PARP10 acquires CDK2-cyclin E-dependent phosphorylation at the Thr-101 residue." SIGNOR-273594 N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-[(1R)-1-[7-chloro-4-oxo-3-(phenylmethyl)-2-quinazolinyl]-2-methylpropyl]-4-methylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:94692 ChEBI KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193483 LAMA3 protein Q16787 UNIPROT Laminin-5 complex SIGNOR-C184 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9211848 t lperfetto "Like the other laminins (3), Ln-5 comprises three disul- fide-bonded subunits: a3, b3, and g2." SIGNOR-253235 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TTC5 protein Q8N0Z6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser203 TGQNPKIsQQALSAY 9606 15448695 t miannu "Here we report a new pathway in which ATM kinase signals the DNA damage response by targeting the transcriptional cofactor Strap. ATM phosphorylates Strap at a serine residue, stabilizing nuclear Strap and facilitating formation of a stress-responsive co-activator complex." SIGNOR-262645 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr177 ADAEKPFyVNVEFHH 9606 8622703 t lperfetto "We have previously demonstrated that the bcr protein is tyrosine phosphorylated within first-exon sequences by the bcr-abl oncoprotein. Here we report that in addition to tyrosine 177 (y-177), y-360 and y283 are phosphorylated in bcr-abl proteins in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated bcr, phosphorylated in vitro by bcr-abl, was greatly inhibited in its serine/threonine kinase activity, impairing both auto- and transkinase activities of bcr." SIGNOR-40611 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 9606 15809305 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)- binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and the p70 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1). In vitro activation of p70alfa by mtor-catalyzed phosphorylation involving p70alfa thr-412. Mtor-catalyzed p70alfa phosphorylation in vitro is accompanied by a substantial restoration in p70alfa kinase activity toward its physiologic substrate, the 40 s ribosomal protein s6. In response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-217067 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1784 TPTSPNYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273107 HEY1 protein Q9Y5J3 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16682003 t gcesareni "These findings suggest a novel mechanism for negative feedback on notch signaling that requires rbp-jkappa to interact physically with hrt and hes." SIGNOR-146687 MIR1-1 mirna URS000075CF56_9606 RNAcentral IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 25477897 t miannu "The down-regulation of miR-29b is thought to promote DNA hypermethylation in AML since miR-29b can directly target DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and Sp1 (a transcriptional regulator of DNMT1" SIGNOR-255793 PAM16 protein Q9Y3D7 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267699 CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256739 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT BAG1 protein Q99933 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 18413740 f lperfetto "DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3B activate BAG-1 expression via recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS and modulation of promoter histone methylation" SIGNOR-254109 SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Like other wnt co receptors, syndecan 4 directly interacts with dvl during pcp." SIGNOR-199635 CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT up-regulates methylation 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 t miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198617 GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000725 17197705 t miannu "Our data demonstrate that GFI-1 physically interacts with PU.1, repressing PU.1-dependent transcription. This repression is functionally significant, as GFI-1 blocked PU.1-induced macrophage differentiation of a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line." SIGNOR-256043 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT IMMT protein Q16891 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser528 ELQFRRLsQEQVDNF -1 27153535 t miannu "PKA directly phosphorylated the Ser528 residue of MIC60. Phosphorylation of MIC60 Interrupts Parkin Recruitment and Formation of the MICOS Complex" SIGNOR-266302 RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17006537 t miannu "Here, we report that a protein complex consisting of two RING finger proteins, HOIL-1L and HOIP, exhibits ubiquitin polymerization activity by recognizing ubiquitin moieties of proteins. The polyubiquitin chain generated by the complex is not formed by Lys linkages, but by linkages between the C- and N-termini of ubiquitin, indicating that the ligase complex possesses a unique feature to assemble a novel head-to-tail linear polyubiquitin chain." SIGNOR-271616 IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates BTO:0000782 30029643 t areggio "Since Jak-STAT pathway primarily activated in IL-15-me- diated cell proliferation, we tested whether it is also participates in IL-15-mediated proliferation of FAPs. Interestingly, we found the expression of phospho-Jak3 and phospho-Tyk2, as well as their downstream, phospho- STAT3 and phospho-STAT5, was significantly upregulated" SIGNOR-256227 "SNS-314 Mesylate" chemical CID:24995523 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207099 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 21044962 f miannu "knockdown of SLUG in SLUG-high breast cancer cells elevated the levels of UbcH5c while decreasing the level of cyclin D1 protein. SLUG is recruited at the E2-box sequence at the UbcH5c gene promoter along with the corepressor CtBP1 and the effector HDAC1 to silence the expression of this gene." SIGNOR-255176 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser436 TCSPLRHsFQKQQRE -1 8810272 t miannu "Protein kinase A phosphorylates -adducin at three sites in the neck domain (Ser-408, ’436, and ’481) in addition to the MARCKS-related domain of both subunits. Phosphorylation by PKA, in contrast to PKC, reduced affinity of erythrocyte adducin for spectrin-F-actin complexes as well as activity of adducin in promoting binding of spectrin to F-actin." SIGNOR-250330 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT PFN1 protein P07737 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000815 22820501 t lperfetto "We find that the small GTPase Rho regulates R-cadherin adherens junction formation via Dia1 (also known as p140mDia) and profilin-1-mediated signaling pathway. The role played by Rho in regulating R-cadherin is underscored by the fact that constitutively active RhoA(Q63L) induces R-cadherin junction formation in MDA-MB-231 cells.|Data presented thus far demonstrated that Rho, Dia1, and profilin-1 were required for R-cadherin junction formation in N480 cells." SIGNOR-253109 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 19304754 t gcesareni "We show that maml1 potentiates p300 autoacetylation and p300 transcriptional activation. Maml1 directly enhances p300 hat activity, and this coincides with the translocation of maml1, p300 and acetylated histones to nuclear bodies." SIGNOR-184853 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CEP76 protein Q8TAP6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 VEQELPSsPKQPICF 9606 BTO:0000007 27065328 t miannu "Cep76 is phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2 at a single site S83. These data suggest that the phosphomimetic mutant is functional and that phosphorylation at S83 is critical for Cep76 to suppress centriole amplification." SIGNOR-262603 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr50 FSTTPGGtRIIYDRK 9606 BTO:0000150 24247720 t lperfetto "Mechanistic investigations showed that ck1_ interacted with and phosphorylated 4e-bp1 at two novel sites t41 and t50, which were essential for 4e-bp1 inactivation along with increased mrna translation and cell proliferation." SIGNOR-203276 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16990795 t gcesareni "P52 cooperates with p53 to regulate other known p53 target genes." SIGNOR-149811 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser398 VDLHISNsHPLSLTS -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178403 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Gly-tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29156 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269541 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 9381178 t "Active Akt induced a significant increase in BAD phosphorylation. mutant BAD with alanine substitutions at Ser112 and Ser136 was not phosphorylated by active Akt . phosphorylation of BAD by Akt will preclude its binding to membrane-anchored Bcl-xL, leading to increased cell survival." SIGNOR-251470 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253170 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20660310 f amattioni "beta-catenin/CBP-driven transcription is critical for maintenance of an undifferentiated/proliferative state" SIGNOR-229777 CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT RARRES1 protein P49788 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 22615834 f miannu "Epigenetic repression of RARRES1 is mediated by methylation of a proximal promoter and a loss of CTCF binding. knocking-down CTCF expression hampered RARRES1 expression, suggesting CTCF positively regulated RARRES1 transcription presumably by binding to unmethylated promoter poised at transcription-ready state." SIGNOR-253831 Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR Ub:RBR_E3 complex SIGNOR-C520 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271381 PCSK6 protein P29122 UNIPROT VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 8218226 t Giorgia "Like PACE,PACE4 was able to process pro-vWF to its mature form, and efficient cleavage required both the P4 arginine and the P2 lysine" SIGNOR-260367 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT KRT16 protein P08779 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12954631 f miannu "these results suggest that Sp1 and AP1 sites in the essential promoter region are critical for EGF response, and Sp1 showed a functional cooperation with c-Jun and coactivators p300/CBP in driving the transcriptional regulation of EGF-induced keratin 16 gene expression. The coactivators p300/CBP could collaborate with Sp1 and c-Jun in the activation of keratin 16 promoter." SIGNOR-253904 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259210 CUL2 protein Q13617 UNIPROT "BAF250b E3 ligase" complex SIGNOR-C522 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20086098 t miannu "In the present work, we show that BAF250 associates with elongin C (Elo C), cullin 2 (Cul2), and Roc1 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. BAF250 forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase with Elo B/C, Cul2, and Roc1 that targets histone H2B. H2B-Ub has been shown to be required for transcriptional activation in vitro" SIGNOR-271440 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DDR2 protein Q16832 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr741 NLYSGDYyRIQGRAV 9606 16186108 t gcesareni "Here, using baculoviral co-expression of the ddr2 cytosolic domain and src, we show that src targets three tyrosine residues (tyr-736, tyr-740, and tyr-741) in the activation loop of ddr2 for phosphorylation. This phosphorylation by src stimulates ddr2 cis-autophosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues." SIGNOR-140767 PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267949 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 8824585 f gcesareni "These results demonstrated that the observed jnk1 activation was from hpk1 and not from other hpkl-associated kinases or from cross-reactive kinases precipitated by anti-hpk1 antibody." SIGNOR-43999 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr172 YSYQMALtPVVVTLW 9606 8139570 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cdk4 on threonine 172 by a cdk-activating kinase (cak).  therefore, formation of the cyclin d-cdk4 complex and phosphorylation of the bound catalytic subunit are independently regulated, and in addition to the requirement for cak activity, serum stimulation is required to promote assembly of the complexes in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-269329 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 QQQSYLDsGIHSGAT 9606 11955436 t lperfetto "Wnt regulation of beta-catenin degradation is essential for development and carcinogenesis. beta-catenin degradation is initiated upon amino-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation, which is believed to be performed by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in complex with tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adnomatous polyposis coli (APC)." SIGNOR-227897 LRRC45 protein Q96CN5 UNIPROT CROCC protein Q5TZA2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24035387 t miannu "Here, we show that LRRC45 is a centrosome linker that localizes at the proximal ends of the centrioles and forms fiber-like structures between them. Depletion of LRRC45 results in centrosome splitting during interphase. LRRC45 interacts with C-Nap1 and rootletin" SIGNOR-273704 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser173 MLETLSQsPPKGVTI 9606 BTO:0000664 17475908 t miannu "We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B)." SIGNOR-262914 ALDH1A2 protein O94788 UNIPROT retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265125 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 BTO:0000782 19836308 t lperfetto "Gsk3 is different from most kinases in that it is constitutively partially active and the most common regulatory mechanism is inhibition by phosphorylation of ser21 in gsk3_ or ser9 in gsk3_. This inhibitory phosphorylation can be mediated by several kinases, such as akt/protein kinase b (pkb), protein kinase c (pkc) and protein kinase a (pka)." SIGNOR-188581 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11000528 f gcesareni "Inhibition of ar-induced transactivation that was er cdna dose-responsive and estradiol dependent" SIGNOR-82158 CBFA2T3/ZNF651 complex SIGNOR-C197 SIGNOR ZNF652 protein Q9Y2D9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 20116376 t "Previously we reported that a classical C2H2 zinc finger DNA binding protein ZNF652 functionally interacts with CBFA2T3 to repress transcription of genes containing ZNF652 consensus DNA binding sequence within the promoters of these target genes. Here we show that ZNF651 is a ZNF652 paralogue that shares a common DNA binding sequence with ZNF652 and represses target gene expression through the formation of a CBFA2T3-ZNF651 corepressor complex." SIGNOR-253955 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination Lys519 DYPRQSIkETPCWIE 10090 BTO:0000165 20016939 t gcesareni "Smad4 is monoubiquitinated in lysine 519 in vivo, a modification that inhibits smad4 by impeding association with phospho-smad2. Fam reverts this negative modification, re-empowering smad4 function;control of smad4 is a good way to regulate bone formation. Fam and ectodermin/tif1gamma (ecto) were reported to respectively regulate the de-ubiquitination and ubiquitination of smad4." SIGNOR-236855 NDUFB5 protein O43674 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and |The main ND4-module intermediate binds NDUFB1, NDUFB4, NDUFB5, NDUFB6, NDUFB10, NDUFB11 and MT-ND4" SIGNOR-262168 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 10066785 t gcesareni "ligand-induced Notch signaling up-regulated HES1 mRNA expression within 1h and subsequently reduced expression of MyoD mRNA" SIGNOR-243178 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18805788 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-181195 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT TIMP2 protein P16035 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19786833 f irozzo "Based on one of these publications, we here showed that the interaction of Dnmt3a with c-myc promote the specific methylation of CG dinucleotides localized in c-myc boxes of promoter regions of CDKN2a, CCND1 and TIMP2 genes. Acellular experiments corroborated and complemented these results by revealing that the specificity of consensus sequence for DNA methylation of Dnmt3a is increased in presence of c-myc." SIGNOR-255807 LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257004 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr806 NQMAKGTtEEMKYVL 9606 18680479 t miannu "We have identified 16 sites of mps1 autophosphorylation in vitro, several of which are required for catalytic activity / t806d mps1 was significantly less active than t806a, demonstrating a potential negative correlation between phosphorylation and activity at this site." SIGNOR-179908 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser234 QRAIPPRsIRGDQIA 9606 18710826 t tpavlidou "Thus, recombinant phd1 was examined for in vitro phosphorylation using protein kinase a, protein kinase calpha, casein kinase i and ii and erk2. The protein was most strongly phosphorylated by protein kinase calpha, and the phosphorylation sites were found to be ser-132, ser-226 and ser-234.Mutation Of ser-132 or ser-234 to asp or glu diminished the enzymatic activity to 25-60%, while mutation of ser-226 scarcely influenced the activity." SIGNOR-180203 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 10823814 t "C-Myc directly transactivates genes encoding GLUT1, phosphofructokinase, and enolase and increases glucose uptake in Rat1 fibroblasts. Nuclear run-on studies confirmed that the GLUT1 transcriptional rate is elevated by c-Myc. Our findings suggest that overexpression of the c-Myc oncoprotein deregulates glycolysis through the activation of several components of the glucose metabolic pathway." SIGNOR-259988 PF-04691502 chemical CID:25033539 PUBCHEM AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;inhibitor of phosphorylation of AktT308 and AktS473" gcesareni SIGNOR-205977 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT HNRNPA0 protein Q13151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser84 VELKRAVsREDSARP 10090 BTO:0000801 12456657 t miannu "MAPKAP-K2 phosphorylated hnRNP A0 at Ser84 in vitro and this residue became phosphorylated in LPS-stimulated cells. The simplest explanation for these findings is that the phosphorylation of hnRNP A0 at Ser84 by MAPKAP-K2 enhances binding to the AREs of these mRNAs or allows hnRNP A0 to displace another protein(s) from the AREs." SIGNOR-262951 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr895 KLSFRRRtDKDTEQP 9606 10488078 t lperfetto "Deletion of protein kinase a phosphorylation sites in the herg potassium channel inhibits activation shift by protein kinase afour consensus pka phosphorylation sites (s283a, s890a, t895a, s1137a)" SIGNOR-70730 "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 28669924 t miannu "KMT2D associates with WRAD (WDR5, RbBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30), NCOA6, PTIP, PA1, and H3K27 demethylase UTX in one protein complex. It acts as a scaffold protein within the complex and is responsible for maintaining the stability of UTX. UTX is the complex’s H3K27 demethylase." SIGNOR-268813 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TKT protein P29401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr382 GCATRNRtVPFCSTF 9606 BTO:0000567 24981175 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylates TKT on Thr382, markedly enhancing enzyme activity and increasing carbon flow through the nonoxidative PPP, thereby increasing purine synthesis." SIGNOR-265101 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser532 KIKQEVEsPTDKSGN 9606 8798443 t llicata "Here we describe that human c-myb can be phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk's) at serine 532 of the carboxy (c-) terminal regulatory domain in vitro. expression of a constitutively active form of ras together with c-myb in transient transfection experiments had no effect on the transcriptional activity of c-myb, while expression of a polypeptide containing the c-myb c-terminal domain stimulated c-myb activity. This effect is reduced upon mapk-dependent phosphorylation of serine 532." SIGNOR-43558 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 8386317 t miannu "CREB is phosphorylated on Ser133 by PKA (protein kinase A), promoting the recruitment of the co-activator proteins CBP (CREB-binding protein) and p300; this has been proposed to increase the transcription of CREB-dependent genes." SIGNOR-263653 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr407 IIDEEDTyTMPSTRD 9606 15735019 t miannu "Surprisingly, we found that expression of SrcMF or Src251 resulted in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK on Tyr(407), Tyr(576), Tyr(577), and Tyr(861), which are considered to be Src kinase substrates" SIGNOR-150480 PTBP2 protein Q9UKA9 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 11003644 t lperfetto "Splicing of the c-src N1 exon in neuronal cells depends in part on an intronic cluster of RNA regulatory elements called the downstream control sequence (DCS). |nPTB binds more stably to the DCS RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. nPTB also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, hnRNP H and KSRP, to the DCS RNA." SIGNOR-261267 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT ROBO1 protein Q9Y6N7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268893 NMI protein Q13287 UNIPROT SOX10 protein P56693 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 16214168 t miannu "We identify an association of Sox10 with the N-myc interactor Nmi. Nmi modulated the transcriptional activity of Sox10 in reporter gene assays. Nmi effects varied between different Sox10 target gene promoters, indicating that Nmi function in vivo may be promoter-specific." SIGNOR-225602 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21292167 t miannu "HOIL-1L/HOIP LUBAC induces TRIM25 ubiquitination and degradation Upon detection of viral RNA, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) undergoes TRIM25-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination, leading to type I interferon (IFN) production. In this study, we demonstrate that the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC), comprised of two RING-IBR-RING (RBR)-containing E3 ligases, HOIL-1L and HOIP, independently targets TRIM25 and RIG-I to effectively suppress virus-induced IFN production. RBR E3 ligase domains of HOIL-1L and HOIP bind and induce proteasomal degradation of TRIM25, whereas the NZF domain of HOIL-1L competes with TRIM25 for RIG-I binding. Consequently, both actions by the HOIL-1L/HOIP LUBAC potently inhibit RIG-I ubiquitination and antiviral activity, but in a mechanistically separate manner." SIGNOR-271860 UGP2 protein Q16851 UNIPROT UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) chemical CHEBI:58885 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 8631325 t miannu "UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.9) catalyses the interconversion of MgUTP plus Glc1P and UDP-Glc plus MgPPi." SIGNOR-267928 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF130 protein Q86XS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271031 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr256 RETSKVIyDFIEKTG -1 16199863 t "Abl phosphorylates N-WASP on tyrosines 175 and 256. Phosphorylation at this site stabilizes the active conformation of N-WASP, resulting in comet tail elongation." SIGNOR-251437 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 9606 24173284 t lperfetto "The N-terminus of E2F1 can interact directly with a region towards the C-terminus of p53, resulting in increased nuclear retention of p53 and p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. This is inhibited by competition between p53 and cyclin A at the binding site within E2F19,10. The interaction between p53 and E2F1 is enhanced by phosphorylation of p53 on Ser315, a residue within the E2F1 binding region that is phosphorylated by cell cycle kinases such as cdk1, cdk2, cdk9 and Aurora kinase A" SIGNOR-84256 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1177 TSRIRTQsFSLQERQ 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C15 18303014 t gcesareni "The central finding of this report is that rosiglitazone rapidly stimulates no production and enos ser-1177 phosphorylation in an ampk-dependent manner" SIGNOR-160838 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000222 8380166 t 2 miannu "Id1 and Id2 interacted strongly with MyoD and Myf-5.Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-240265 FNTB protein P49356 UNIPROT MRAS protein O14807 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24294527 t lperfetto "Major investments have been made to target Ras through indirect routes. Inhibition of farnesyl transferase to block Ras maturation has failed in large clinical trials." SIGNOR-242562 GRM6 protein O15303 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264937 MARCHF8 protein Q5T0T0 UNIPROT HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys244 FIIKGLRkSNAAERR 9606 19117940 t miannu "Two E3 ligases, MARCH I and MARCH VIII, have been shown to polyubiquitinate lysine residue 225 in the cytoplasmic tail of I-Abeta and HLA-DRbeta. We show that lysine residue 219 in the cytoplasmic tail of DRalpha is also subject to polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-271411 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser398 DSLPSSPsSATPHSQ 9606 SIGNOR-C15 22669845 t gcesareni "In response to genotoxic stress, eef2k was activated by ampk (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase)-mediated phosphorylation on serine 398. Activated eef2k phosphorylated eef2 and induced a temporary ribosomal slowdown at the stage of elongation" SIGNOR-197734 ELOVL6 protein Q9H5J4 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267887 SLC4A10 protein Q6U841 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 23056253 t miannu "The sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger NCBE (Slc4a10), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, uses the transmembrane gradient of sodium to drive cellular net uptake of bicarbonate and to extrude chloride, thereby modulating both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) in neurons. " SIGNOR-264686 ATG12 protein O94817 UNIPROT Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 4932 23321721 f lperfetto "Dissecting the role of the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex during autophagosome formation" SIGNOR-219396 DHFR2 protein Q86XF0 UNIPROT dihydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57451 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21876184 t lperfetto "Human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was previously thought to be the only enzyme capable of the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate; an essential reaction necessary to ensure a continuous supply of biologically active folate. |We demonstrate that the DHFRP4, or dihydrofolate reductase-like 1 (DHFRL1), gene is expressed and shares some commonalities with DHFR." SIGNOR-268260 PP121 chemical CHEBI:50915 ChEBI PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206304 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT LIG4 protein P49917 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser672 CVMSGTDsQPKPDLE 9606 15194694 t lperfetto "Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified a dna-pk phosphorylation site at thr-650 in human lig4 and a potential second phosphorylation site at ser-668 or ser-672. Phosphorylation of lig4 per se was not required for lig4 dna end joining activity. Substitution of these amino acids with alanine, individually or in combination, led to changes in lig4 protein stability of mouse lig4. The phosphomimetic mutation s650d returned lig4 stability to that of the wild-type protein. Furthermore dna-pk was found to negatively regulate lig4 protein stability." SIGNOR-125873 PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg41 TNATLDPrSFLLRNP -1 10978167 t lperfetto "Plasmin mediates the lysis of fibrin clots and could in different studies activate platelets or inhibit the responses induced by thrombin (41-43). Our study favors a net inactivating effect on PAR1 despite minor cleavage at Arg41, on the basis of preferential cleavage at positions Arg70 and Lys76, COOH-terminal to the Arg41-Ser42 activation site." SIGNOR-263571 Riluzole chemical CHEBI:8863 ChEBI KCNN3 protein Q9UGI6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258019 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser432 SAYGGLTsPGLSYSL 9606 22344252 t llicata "Our data suggested a close relationship between k8(s431) phosphorylation and keratin reorganization in epithelial tumor cells." SIGNOR-196141 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22260161 f apalma "We have previously shown that PER2 is a downstream CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-target gene, and its disruption might be involved in the initiation and progression of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)" SIGNOR-256369 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 11517191 f "ER beta and ER alpha induced the expression of several endogenous genes such as pS2, TGF alpha, or the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 but, in contrast to ER alpha, ER beta was unable to regulate c-myc proto-oncogene expression" SIGNOR-253940 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT SGO1 protein Q5FBB7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser14 LKKSFQDsLEDIKKR 9606 17621308 t lperfetto "Here we show that nek2a phosphorylates human sgo1 and such phosphorylation is essential for faithful chromosome congression in mitosis. phosphorylation sites were mapped to ser(14) and ser(507)" SIGNOR-156878 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270372 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser426 VNKGSDEsIGKGDGF 9606 BTO:0000567 19509060 t lperfetto "Here we report that the function of Nedd1 is regulated by Cdk1 and Plk1. During mitosis, Nedd1 is firstly phosphorylated at T550 by Cdk1, which creates a binding site for the polo-box domain of Plk1. Then, Nedd1 is further phosphorylated by Plk1 at four sites: T382, S397, S637 and S426. The sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 promotes its interaction with gamma-tubulin for targeting the gammaTuRC to the centrosome and is important for spindle formation." SIGNOR-272992 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT DTYMK protein P23919 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16103219 t miannu "We demonstrate that TMPK is recognized and degraded by APC/C-Cdc20/Cdh1-mediated pathways from mitosis to the early G1 phase, whereas TK1 is targeted for degradation by APC/C-Cdh1 after mitotic exit. " SIGNOR-272652 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 VRPSDEDsSSLESAA -1 12852856 t lperfetto "Here, we identify a centrosomal plk1 substrate, termed nlp (ninein-like protein), whose properties suggest an important role in microtubule organization. Nlp interacts with two components of the gamma-tubulin ring complex and stimulates microtubule nucleation. Plk1 phosphorylates nlp and disrupts both its centrosome association and its gamma-tubulin interaction" SIGNOR-103352 PTPRE protein P23469 UNIPROT KCNB1 protein Q14721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr128 YWGIDEIyLESCCQA 9606 BTO:0000007 10921884 t "Hypomyelination and increased activity of voltage-gated K(+) channels in mice lacking protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon" SIGNOR-248450 PPP2R3C protein Q969Q6 UNIPROT PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function" SIGNOR-272480 FBXW12 protein Q6X9E4 UNIPROT IL22RA1 protein Q8N6P7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 26171402 t miannu "FBXW12 causes depletion of endogenous and plasmid-derived IL-22R in lung epithelia, binds the E3 ligase constituent Skp-1, and facilitates ubiquitination of IL-22R in vitro." SIGNOR-272426 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2 tAKMETTF 9606 BTO:0000848 21177766 t lperfetto "P21-activated protein kinase (pak2)-mediated c-jun phosphorylation at 5 threonine sites promotes cell transformationour data showed that pak2 binds and phosphorylates c-jun at five threonine sites (thr2, thr8, thr89, thr93 and thr286)" SIGNOR-170760 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003031 26868148 t "methylated tp53" lperfetto "We demonstrate here that SCFFbxo22-KDM4A is a senescence-associated E3 ligase targeting methylated p53 for degradation. We find that Fbxo22 is highly expressed in senescent cells in a p53-dependent manner, and that SCFFbxo22 ubiquitylated p53 and formed a complex with a lysine demethylase, KDM4A. |SCFFbxo22 forms a ternary complex with p53 and KDM4A that targets methylated p53 for degradation." SIGNOR-273448 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1110 GSVQNPVyHNQPLNP 10090 BTO:0002882 16122376 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "EGFR possesses three major and two minor tyrosine autophosphorylation sites located at Y1068, Y1148, Y1173, and at Y992 and Y1086 respectively. In addition, EGFR Y1114 is preceded by glutamic acid (Figure 1), which should be preferred by the EGFR kinase as indicated in previous work" SIGNOR-236516 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273464 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 20508131 f "The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates mitogen and nutrient signals to control cell proliferation and cell size." SIGNOR-255944 ZNF143 protein P52747 UNIPROT TCP1 protein P17987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10893243 t Luana "The transcription from the minimalCcta promoter was up-regulated 3-fold by ZNF143 and 6-fold by ZNF76 when full-length proteins were co-expressed, indicating that both ZNF143 and ZNF76 can enhance Ccta transcription." SIGNOR-266220 terazosin chemical CHEBI:9445 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001260 9379432 t miannu "Pharmacological management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has most successfully been achieved by administration of α1 antagonists, which function via relaxation of prostatic smooth muscle. Terazosin2 (2), doxazosin3 (3), and alfuzosin4 (4), agents currently approved for this indication" SIGNOR-258671 PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16631587 t "Cotransfection of Pax2 with the Wt1 reporter construct led to moderate activation of the Wt1 promoter." SIGNOR-252290 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18455992 t gcesareni "Instead, shh rapidly and locally stimulated phosphorylation of the src family kinase (sfk) members src and fyn in a smo-dependent fashion." SIGNOR-178610 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT SFTPB protein P07988 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004299 18003659 f miannu "TGF-beta represses transcription of pulmonary surfactant protein-B gene in lung epithelial cells." SIGNOR-254170 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18332116 f irozzo "HSNF5 reexpression in MRT cells caused SWI/SNF recruitment and activation of p15INK4b and p16INK4a, but not of p14ARF.Reexpression of hSNF5 in MRT cells overcomes epigenetic silencing and mediates transcriptional activation of p15INK4b and p16INK4a" SIGNOR-256300 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT ANGPT1 protein Q15389 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15889140 t Luana "We finally observed that the forced expression of Evi1 induced GATA-2 expression in a hematopoietic cell line, EML C1, along with GATA-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie2 " SIGNOR-266059 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 TTSTRTYsLGSALRP -1 2500966 t miannu "Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65. Domain- and sequence-specific phosphorylation of vimentin induces disassembly of the filament structure." SIGNOR-250067 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT NEUROD1 protein Q13562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268890 L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32041144 t miannu "Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a unique pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which exhibits several well-known physiological functions." SIGNOR-267550 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr376 QVAPRAGtPGFRAPE 10846177 t llicata "Among four possible Cdk phosphorylation sites of huCdc7, replacement of Thr-376, corresponding to the activating threonine of Cdk, with alanine (T376A mutant) dramatically reduces kinase activity, indicative of kinase activation by phosphorylation of this residue. In vitro, Cdk2-Cyclin E, Cdk2-Cyclin A, and Cdc2-Cyclin B, but not Cdk4-Cyclin D1, phosphorylates the Thr-376 residue of huCdc7, suggesting possible regulation of huCdc7 by Cdks." SIGNOR-250725 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MPRIP protein Q6WCQ1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17761936 t gcesareni "Enhanced rho kinase activity induces endothelial barrier dysfunction by a contractile mechanism via inactivation of myosin phosphatase (mp).." SIGNOR-157593 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16002417 t Luana "These results are compatible with the hypothesis that MeCP2 associates with the Sgk and Fkbp5 promoters and has a repressive effect that is over-ridden by elevated glucocorticoids in response to stress." SIGNOR-264543 CYSLTR1 protein Q9Y271 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257019 TRIB3 protein Q96RU7 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16794074 t miannu "TRB3 appears to inhibit ACC activity by functioning as an adaptor for COP1.  Taken together, these results suggest that TRB3 may promote loss of fat by mediating the COP1-dependent ubiquitination and inactivation of ACC. Taking these results together, we propose that TRB3 may protect against diet-induced obesity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation in adipose during fasting through the COP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ACC (Fig. 4D)." SIGNOR-271600 CARS1 protein P49589 UNIPROT tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29167 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11347887 t miannu "Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the addition of cysteine to its cognate tRNA. Here we report the isolation of a fulllength cDNA that encodes a protein of 748 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence shows considerable similarity to other eukaryotic cysteinyltRNA synthetases in the carboxylterminus. Expression of the fulllength and alternative forms of the enzyme in E. coli generated functional proteins that were active in aminoacylation of human cytoplasmic tRNA with cysteine." SIGNOR-270469 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF2B2 protein P49770 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Akt also promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating gsk3b, thus releasing the gsk3b-dependent inhibition of the eukariotic translation initiation factor 2b (eif2b)." SIGNOR-175475 NLGN4Y protein Q8NFZ3 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein Q9P2S2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264153 NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT NKX3-1/SRF complex SIGNOR-C25 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 10993896 t lperfetto "A novel complex element containing a juxtaposed nkx-binding site (nke) and an srf-binding element (sre) in the proximal promoter region was found to be necessary for the nkx3-1/srf coactivation of smga transcription." SIGNOR-82087 NR2F2 protein P24468 UNIPROT NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10900149 t gcesareni "Arp-1/rxr, coup-tfi/rxr, and arp-1/coup-tfi heterodimers bound the fp330-3' site." SIGNOR-79443 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CTPS1 protein P17812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser462 TLFQTKNsVMRKLYG 9606 17463002 t llicata "These data indicated that protein kinase c phosphorylation at ser(462) stimulates human ctp synthetase 1 activity, whereas phosphorylation at thr(455) inhibits activity." SIGNOR-154617 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 14739161 f lperfetto "Tgf-beta was shown to inhibit myogenin and mef2d expression and myotube formation in c2c12." SIGNOR-235602 SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253408 ITGAV protein P06756 UNIPROT "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253203 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser225 KSSERPLsPKAVKGF 25694429 t lperfetto "Recently, we have reported that the active form of Rac 1 GTPase binds to the glycogen phosphorylase muscle isoform (PYGM) and modulates its enzymatic activity leading to T cell proliferation.|More specifically, αPIX, a known guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPases of the Rho family, preferentially Rac 1, mediates PYGM activation in Kit 225 T cells stimulated with IL-2. Using directed mutagenesis, phosphorylation of αPIX Rho-GEF serines 225 and 488 is required for activation of the Rac 1/PYGM pathway." SIGNOR-272169 RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264381 PCDHA4 protein Q9UN74 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265665 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPVVKRL 9606 19115199 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-183004 HERC2 protein O95714 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 20304803 t miannu "Herc2 may ubiquitinate xpa and thus target it for proteolytic degradation" SIGNOR-164595 TAB3 protein Q8N5C8 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205452 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser159 KKKKKRFsFKKSFKL 9534 BTO:0000298 8557118 t lperfetto "PRK1 phosphorylates MARCKS at the PKC sites: serine 152, serine 156 and serine 163." SIGNOR-248937 FADS3 protein Q9Y5Q0 UNIPROT arachidonoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15514 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267913 "CFI complex" complex SIGNOR-C388 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 8626397 t lperfetto "Purification and characterization of human cleavage factor Im involved in the 3' end processing of messenger RNA precursors|Gel retardation experiments confirmed the results obtained by UV cross-linking. In addition, we could show that CF Im stabilizes the binding of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) to pre-mRNA and that CPSF and CF Im together form a slower migrating complex with pre-mRNA than the single protein factors." SIGNOR-266125 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser184 VAGVLTAsLTIWKKM 9606 17525161 t lperfetto "Protein kinase czeta abrogates the proapoptotic function of bax through phosphorylation. Overexpression of wild type or the constitutively active a119d but not the dominant negative k281w pkczeta mutant results in bax phosphorylation at serine 184." SIGNOR-155111 PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10604473 t miannu "DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phospho-protein, relative molecular mass 32,000) is converted into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) at threonine 34.‚ " SIGNOR-264957 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001760 11009425 f gcesareni "In contrast, in differentiated myotubes, tnf plus interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) signaling was required for nf-kappab-dependent down-regulation of myod and dysfunction of skeletal myofibers." SIGNOR-82467 CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000975 27702664 t lperfetto "The cytochrome P450 aromatase is involved in the last step of sex hormones biosynthesis by converting androgens into estrogens. |Human aromatase (CYP19A1) is a membrane-bound class II cytochrome P450 that converts androgens into estrogens [1], [2], [3], [4]. Specifically, the enzyme is involved sex hormones biosynthesis where it is responsible for the conversion of androstenedione, testosterone and 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone into estrone, estradiol and estriol, respectively" SIGNOR-268670 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser337 QLAKCVSsPHFQVAE 9606 16456541 t gcesareni "Iex-1 binds to b56 subunits and perk independently, enhances b56 phosphorylation by erk at a conserved ser/pro site in this complex and triggers dissociation from the catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-144317 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser734 NSSRFPPsPLASKPT 9606 15616583 t gcesareni "Dapk interacts with erk through a docking sequence within its death domain and is a substrate of erk. Phosphorylation of dapk at ser 735 by erk increases the catalytic activity of dapk both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-132614 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 9606 9315650 t llicata "The cdk7-cych-p36 complex of transcription factor iih phosphorylates p53, enhancing its sequence-specific dna binding activity in vitro.  serines 371, 376, 378, and 392 may be the potential sites for this kinase." SIGNOR-269324 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser416 GFPSKTDsPSCEYSR 9606 BTO:0000007 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262980 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser77 PGPFATRsPLFIFMR 10090 12818176 t miannu "Mitochondrially localized JNKs but not their upstream activators MLKs or MKKs phosphorylated BIMEL at Ser65, potentiating its cytotoxicity without altering its subcellular distribution or integration into mitochondrial membranes. JNKs specifically phosphorylate BIMEL at Ser55, 65, and/or 73" SIGNOR-250133 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser151 VARSNPKsPQKPIVR 9606 BTO:0000848 21478863 t "We show that overactivation of the MAPK pathway, induced by the oncogenic Ras in melanoma, induces constitutive phosphorylation of BRAF on Ser151 by ERK, which inhibits NRAS-BRAF interaction" SIGNOR-259919 LSM4 protein Q9Y4Z0 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270650 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp329 EMEEDSYdSFGEPSY -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261750 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one chemical CHEBI:77954 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 11160424 t gcesareni "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity." SIGNOR-104921 FFAR1 protein O14842 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256942 beta-alanine smallmolecule CHEBI:16958 ChEBI GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9009272 t "inferred from family member" miannu "For each mutant GlyR we examined the agonist efficacies of taurine and Œ≤-alanine relative to glycine, the concentration of each agonist required for half-maximal current activation (EC50) and, in mutant GlyRs where Œ≤-alanine and taurine exhibited partial or no agonist efficacy, the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of glycine-gated currents (IC50).experiments described in this report were performed on human Œ±1 homomeric GlyRs recombinantly expressed in mammalian HEK 293 cells. Taurine and Œ≤-alanine act as full agonists of human Œ±1 GlyRs when expressed in this system." SIGNOR-270261 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser49 HKAELQGsDEDEHVR -1 9461343 t llicata "Here, we report that Myf-5 protein constitutes a substrate for phosphorylation in vitro by protein kinase CK2. We identified two potential phosphorylation sites at serine49 and serine133, both of which seem to be necessary for Myf-5 activity. " SIGNOR-251017 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT GLIS3 protein Q8NEA6 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21543335 t fspada "These data indicate that the inhibition of glis3-mediated transactivation by sufu appears to rely on the interaction with glis3 through the ygh motif and is not related to an effect on the general transcriptional machinery" SIGNOR-173573 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269412 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257525 zolpidem chemical CHEBI:10125 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The BZ-sensitive GABAA-Rs can be further subdivided, in that receptors containing the alpha1 subunit have a higher sensitivity to a subpopulation of BZ site ligands, the benzodiazepines quazepam and cinolazepam (Sieghart, 1989) or nonbenzodiazepines such as zolpidem (an imidazopyridine) and a few others, including CL218-872 (triazolopyridazine), zaleplon, and indiplon, and abecarnil (β-carboline), (Olsen and Gordey, 2000; Korpi et al., 2002; Sieghart and Ernst, 2005)." SIGNOR-263802 (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-N-[(2S)-1-[[(5S)-3-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-3-benzazepin-5-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]butanamide chemical CHEBI:131158 ChEBI APP protein P05067 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206850 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 AATPPPStASAPAAV 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 16627622 t lperfetto "Parp1 phosphorylation by erk1/2 is required for maximal parp-1 activation after dna damage. S372a and t373a mutations impaired parp-1 activation." SIGNOR-244673 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT GPR37 protein O15354 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 12666095 t lperfetto "Parkin is a protein of 465 amino acids, and its structure includes a ubiquitin homologous domain in its N terminus and two RING finger domains in its C terminus. Molecular studies have determined that parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase function, implicating parkin in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and raising the possibility that mutations in the gene lead to loss or diminished function. Three substrates for the ubiquitin-ligase function of parkin have been identified to date.1. A 22kDa glycosolated form of alpha-synuclei|2. Parkin-associated endothelin receptor-like receptor (Pael-R)." SIGNOR-249706 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr401 SKALRIStPLTGVRY 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130. all three residues selectively targeted by cdk4(6), t401 (n-terminus), s672 (spacer region) and s1035 (c-terminus)" SIGNOR-104719 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 10090 BTO:0002572 10988287 t amattioni "The temporal pattern of caspase-8 cleavage is consistent with the possibility that it may function upstream of caspase-3 during p53-dependent apoptosis." SIGNOR-256451 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRM1 protein Q13255 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr695 GSKKKICtRKPRFMS 9606 10823959 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we demonstrate that the selectivity of PKC action on receptor signaling rests on phosphorylation of a threonine residue located in the G protein-interacting domain of the receptor. Modification at Thr(695) selectively disrupts mGluR1alpha-G(q/11) interaction without affecting signaling through G(s)." SIGNOR-249043 EIF2AK1 protein Q9BQI3 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19946423 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Translation of α- and β-globin is tightly controlled by eIF2 and downregulated by HRI." SIGNOR-251781 F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 10090 BTO:0000131 25769543 t lperfetto "The present data point to key roles of FVIII and FIX in FX activation at the site of a platelet thrombus by supporting: (i) thrombin generation, (ii) thrombus growth and platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, and (iii) fibrin formation at the platelet surface. The likely mechanism is that tenase activity via FVIIIa and FIXa, which is confined to the sites of platelet thrombi, generates FXa that directly catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin." SIGNOR-263539 HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT SMG5 protein Q9UPR3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16809764 t miannu "Here, we report that the human ortholog of the yeast ever-shorter telomeres 1B (EST1B) binds HDAC8. This interaction is regulated by protein kinase A-mediated HDAC8 phosphorylation and protects human EST1B (hEST1B) from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. " SIGNOR-272650 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23616010 t lperfetto "Erk also undergoes rapid translocation into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and activates a variety of transcription factor targets, including sp1, e2f, elk-1, and ap1." SIGNOR-233523 HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256673 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 10373569 t gcesareni "Here we report that, at the onset of differentiation, activation by MyoD of the Rb, p21, and cyclin D3 genes occurs in the absence of new protein synthesis and with the requirement of the p300 transcriptional coactivator." SIGNOR-238529 RPL9 protein P32969 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262452 Unii-2ewn8Z05CN chemical CID:129138801 PUBCHEM EIF4A1 protein P60842 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 32470302 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Design of Development Candidate eFT226, a First in Class Inhibitor of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4A RNA Helicase" SIGNOR-261120 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr280 DELDQAStPTDVRDI 9606 17486076 t lperfetto "Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and p38 phosphorylate cyclin d2 on thr280 to trigger its ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation in hematopoietic cells" SIGNOR-154668 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser775 EGVKRTLsFSLRSSR 9534 BTO:0000298 14523239 t lperfetto "We found that mutation of S800 to alanine significantly reduced the PMA-induced enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents and the direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Mutation of S502 to alanine reduced PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents, but had no effect on direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Conversely, mutation of T704 to alanine had no effect on PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents but dramatically reduced direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA." SIGNOR-249231 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser576 CAEMREDsARVYENV 9606 11781100 t lperfetto " In summary, SHP2 is phosphorylated on serine residues 576 and 591 by PKC isoforms alpha, beta 1, beta 2, and eta" SIGNOR-249137 PPP2R5D protein Q14738 UNIPROT PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C134 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243439 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser429 TDNNAKSsDKEEKHR 9606 21777522 t lperfetto "Ck2 phosphorylates ap-2_ and increases its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-175130 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP4 protein P27816 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser928 SRLATNTsAPDLKNV -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250170 UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 19687296 t miannu "Here we report on the identification of the protein-ubiquitin ligases that are responsible for the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal protein import receptor Pex5. It is demonstrated that each of the three RING peroxins Pex2, Pex10, and Pex12 exhibits ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity. Our results show that Pex2 mediates the Ubc4-dependent polyubiquitination whereas Pex12 facilitates the Pex4-dependent monoubiquitination of Pex5.While polyubiquitinated Pex5 is degraded by the proteasome, monoubiquitinated Pex5 is destined for a new round of the receptor cycle." SIGNOR-253023 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr508 EDMRGILyAAPQLRS 10090 11120811 t gcesareni "The results revealed that only tyrosine (Y)490 of CD19 was phosphorylated by c-Abl." SIGNOR-245283 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270619 TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22777675 f miannu "we show that TCF4 can transactivate the NRXN1β and CNTNAP2 promoters in luciferase assays." SIGNOR-255391 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT Osteoblast_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH9 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 9182762 f gcesareni "Osf2/cbfa1 as an osteoblast-specific transcription factor and as a regulator of osteoblast differentiation" SIGNOR-48940 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTTG1IP protein P53801 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr174 LFKEENPyARFENN 9534 BTO:0000298 23678037 t done miannu "Src induction leads to phosphorylation at PBF residue Y174. Abrogation of this residue results in PM retention and a markedly reduced ability to bind NIS. " SIGNOR-273810 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT SPARC protein P09486 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 17343824 f miannu "In this study, a SATB1 eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into the human erythroleukemia K562 cell line and individual clones that stably over-expressed the SATB1 protein were isolated. Microarray analysis revealed that hundreds of genes were either up- or down-regulated in the SATB1 over-expressing K562 cell lines. One of these was the extra-cellular matrix glycoprotein, SPARC (human secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine). siRNA knock-down of SATB1 also reduced SPARC expression, which was consistent with elevated SPARC levels in the SATB1 over-expressing cell line." SIGNOR-255128 Axonemal_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF66 SIGNOR Cilium_movement phenotype SIGNOR-PH171 SIGNOR up-regulates 16440056 f lperfetto "Axonemal dyneins are responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella." SIGNOR-265021 GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 32527803 f Luana "AMPAR surface diffusion tunes short-term plasticity. | Accordingly, recent studies have suggested that about half of synaptic AMPARs are organized in nanoclusters that are aligned with presynaptic transmitter release sites, supporting the concept of functional nanocolumns to increase the fidelity of fast excitatory transmission. This peculiar organization might also support the proposal that we made 10 years ago that fast surface diffusion of AMPARs tunes frequency-dependent short-term plasticity (FD-STP) by allowing the fast replacement of desensitized receptors by naïve ones." SIGNOR-265796 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 FSLLRGPsWDPFRDW 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "Ser-15, ser-78, and ser-82 in hsp27 (ser-15 and ser-86 in hsp25) are part of the rxxs motif, a known recognition site for p70rsk." SIGNOR-186951 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001660 9435577 t lperfetto "These studies revealed that PI 3-kinase is associated in vivo with both TGF-_ receptor subtypes and that TGF-_1 stimulation enhances PI 3-kinase activity associated with type I TGF-_ receptor in hASM cells." SIGNOR-227525 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 SPSRLSKsQGGEEEG 9606 20516213 t lperfetto "The protein is phosphorylated mainly on residues s60, s68, and s75, and this inhibits its pol iii repression function. The responsible kinase is mtorc1, which phosphorylates maf1 directly." SIGNOR-217153 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr941 EETGTEEyMKMDLGP 9606 17827393 t gcesareni "Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)." SIGNOR-157754 BACH1 protein O14867 UNIPROT MAFK protein O60675 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004475 19011633 t miannu "Bach1 forms a heterodimer with the small Maf oncoproteins and binds to the Maf-recognition element (MARE) to inhibit target genes" SIGNOR-226409 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 12747827 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that the TOS motif functions as a docking site for the mTOR/raptor complex, which is required for multisite phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, eIF4E release from 4E-BP1, and cell growth." SIGNOR-236678 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 10480932 t Luana "P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and its direct activator MKK6 are rapidly activated in response to TGF-beta." SIGNOR-260720 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269612 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248308 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 28073943 t miannu "KDM4B/JMJD2B is a p53 target gene that modulates the amplitude of p53 response after DNA damage. p53 directly regulates JMJD2B gene expression by binding to a canonical p53-consensus motif in the JMJD2B promoter." SIGNOR-263729 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000093 8415704 f miannu "PML-RAR alpha chimera cooperates with c-Jun and, strikingly, with c-Fos to stimulate the transcription of both synthetic and natural reporter genes containing an AP-1 site" SIGNOR-261507 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser50 GTLFQDPsFPAIPSA 9606 14993287 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor activates m-calpain (calpain ii), at least in part, by extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated phosphorylation.We now show that erk directly phosphorylates and activates m-calpain both in vitro and in vivo. We identified serine 50 as required for epidermal growth factor (egf)-induced calpain activation in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-123083 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys58 AVAYAPKkELINIKG -1 25585578 t miannu "The F-box DNA helicase 1 (FBH1) is a 3'-5' DNA helicase with a putative function as a negative regulator of HR. It is the only known DNA helicase to contain an F-box, suggesting that one of its functions is to act as a ubiquitin ligase as part of an SCF (SKP1, CUL1 and F-box) complex. Here we report that the central player in HR, RAD51, is ubiquitylated by the SCF(FBH1) complex. Expression of an ubiquitylation-resistant form of RAD51 in human cells leads to hyperrecombination, as well as several phenotypes indicative of an altered response to DNA replication stress. However, K58/64R RAD51 was ubiquitylated much less efficiently by FBH1 in vitro than was wild-type (WT) RAD51 (Fig. 1d), confirming that the primary sites of modification by FBH1 on RAD51 are K58 and K64." SIGNOR-272453 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11526404 t lperfetto "Cbl-b, a ring-type e3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is implicated in setting the threshold of t lymphocyte activation. The p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (pi3k) was identified as a substrate for cbl-b. We have shown that cbl-b negatively regulated p85 in a proteolysis-independent manner." SIGNOR-110063 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23663276 t milica "Il-6 family members typically signal through the common gp130 receptor, with the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (jak/stat) pathway being the major intracellular mediator of their effects." SIGNOR-202036 PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C134 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 BTO:0000007 16239230 t gcesareni "... the PP2A holoenzymes ABC and ABC act downstream of Ras and upstream of MEK1 to promote activation of this MAPK signaling cascade. Furthermore both PP2A holoenzymes were found to associate with Raf1 and catalyze dephosphorylation of inhibitory phospho-Ser-259." SIGNOR-243538 CRKL protein P46109 UNIPROT MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 9891069 t "HPK1 phosphorylated CrkL mainly on serine and weakly on threonine" gcesareni "We found that hpk1 interacted with crk and crkl adaptor proteins in vitro and in vivo and that the proline-rich motifs within hpk1 were involved in the differential interaction of hpk1 with the crk proteins and grb2. Crk and crkl not only activated hpk1 but also synergized with hpk1 in the activation of jnk." SIGNOR-63991 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT G1/S_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH50 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 21524151 f lperfetto "In its hypophosphorylated state, pRb binds transcription factors of the E2F family which are required for cell cycle progression. As the level of CyclinD/Cdk4/6 complexes increases, pRb becomes phosphorylated and progression through G1 occurs. At a critical level of phosphorylation, E2F is released from pRb. This activates the transcription of CyclinE which complexes with Cdk2 to fully release pRb repression by further phosphorylation, establishing a positive feedback loop. E2F further promotes the transcription of S-phase genes. Thus, CyclinD/Cdk4/6 and CyclinE/Cdk2 together regulate S-phase entry via phosphorylating pRb, which controls pRb binding to E2F" SIGNOR-245483 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TOPORS protein Q9NS56 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271118 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268588 NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256731 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT KIF5C protein O60282 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser176 CTERFVSsPEEVMDV -1 19525941 t miannu "Mass spectrometry identified a residue in the kinesin-1 motor domain that was phosphorylated by JNK3 and this modification reduced kinesin-1 binding to microtubules. JNK3 phosphorylates kinesin-1 at Ser176" SIGNOR-262950 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 10116 BTO:0001009 12064478 t llicata " the present study it is shown that in apoptotic PC12 cells the levels of p53 and Cdk5 increase concomitantly. Further, Cdk5/p25 effectively phosphorylates recombinant p53 in vitro. Transient transfection of Cdk5/p25 into cells results in an increase in p53 levels, as well as the expression of the p53-responsive genes p21 and Bax. Furthermore, evidence is provided that increased Cdk5 activity increases p53 transcriptional activity significantly, suggesting that p53 is modulated in situ by Cdk5. " SIGNOR-250674 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17415528 f "HIF-1 has been known as a major transcription factor for the induction of virtually all genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, which allows hypoxic tumor cells to take up glucose more efficiently and metabolize pyruvate to lactate" SIGNOR-259381 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates 21512132 f lperfetto "Mst1 plays a critical role in the regulation of programmed cell death and it has been implicated in PCa development. Interestingly, MST1 has been detected in AR-chromatin complexes, and forced expression of MST1 reduces AR binding to androgen-responsive elements along the PSA promoter." SIGNOR-151712 IL3 protein P08700 UNIPROT IL3RA protein P26951 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1465408 t fspada "These results show the generation of an il-3 analog with increased biological and binding activities and support a model where the c terminus of il-3 interacts with the alpha chain of the il-3 receptor, making this region a useful focus for the development of more potent il-3 agonists or antagonists" SIGNOR-19538 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 18423396 t lperfetto "Akt1/PKBalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export ofFoxO1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-252851 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269318 PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109551 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 20444238 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-270164 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1787 SPNYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120216 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT Mob1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF42 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21808241 t "MOB1a and MOB1b are near identical to each other with protein sequence homology>90%, and more importantly, both of them are putative tumor suppressors." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-269856 COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000078 32795415 t Gianni "We show expression of c/EBPβ in microglia is regulated post-translationally by the ubiquitin ligase COP1 (also called RFWD2). In the absence of COP1, c/EBPβ accumulates rapidly and drives a potent pro-inflammatory and neurodegeneration-related gene program, evidenced by increased neurotoxicity in microglia-neuronal co-cultures." SIGNOR-261924 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257690 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 9794469 f miannu "Transcription of the FXII gene is stimulated by estrogens through specific interaction of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) with an estrogen response element present on FXII promoter." SIGNOR-254072 phentolamine chemical CHEBI:8081 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258444 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr900 EHAPAEMyDIMKTCW 9606 12878163 t lperfetto "C-src phosphorylates tyr900 in the second part of the kinase domain of c-kit." SIGNOR-103999 cabozantinib chemical CHEBI:72317 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000184 26536165 t miannu "Cabozantinib (XL184) is a small-molecule kinase inhibitor with potent activity toward MET and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), as well as a number of other receptor tyrosine kinases that have also been implicated in tumor pathobiology, including RET, KIT, AXL, and FLT3." SIGNOR-262242 SH3BP1 protein Q9Y3L3 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260514 MSC protein O60682 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 9584154 t 2 miannu "ABF-1 contains a transcriptional repression domain and is capable of inhibiting the transactivation capability of E47 in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-241315 quetiapine chemical CHEBI:8707 ChEBI HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258536 AATF protein Q9NY61 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22909821 t "We identify the transcriptional regulator apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF)/Che-1 as a critical regulator of the cellular outcome of the p53 response. Upon genotoxic stress, AATF is phosphorylated by the checkpoint kinase MK2. Phosphorylation results in the release of AATF from cytoplasmic MRLC3 and subsequent nuclear translocation where AATF binds to the PUMA, BAX and BAK promoter regions to repress p53-driven expression of these pro-apoptotic genes." SIGNOR-259916 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT FKBP4 protein Q02790 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 12552015 t tpavlidou "We have documented that a cellular protein that binds the immunosuppressant drug fk506, termed the fk506-binding protein (fkbp52), interacts with the single-stranded d sequence within the aav inverted terminal repeats, inhibits viral second-strand dna synthesis, and consequently limits high-efficiency transgene expression. Deliberate overexpression of the murine wild-type (wt) tc-ptp gene, but not that of a cysteine-to-serine (c-s) mutant, caused tyrosine dephosphorylation of fkbp52, leading to efficient viral second-strand dna synthesis and resulting in a significant increase in aav-mediated transduction efficiency in hela cells in vitro." SIGNOR-97794 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18596912 t gcesareni "The genomic activity of ppargamma is modulated, in addition to ligand binding, by phosphorylation of a serine residue by mapks, such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (erk-1/2), or by nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization through the erk activators mapk kinases-1/2 (mek-1/2). These mapks phosphorylate (in humans) ser 84 in the ppargamma1 and ser 114 in ppargamma2 isoform." SIGNOR-179393 ODC1 protein P11926 UNIPROT L-ornithine smallmolecule CHEBI:15729 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14617280 t miannu "Arginase generates ornithine, an aminoacid that can be further metabolized to proline via ornithine aminotransferase and to polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)" SIGNOR-256037 CHGA protein P10645 UNIPROT Secretory_granule_organization phenotype SIGNOR-PH87 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 12456801 f "CgA was initially identified as the major soluble matrix protein of secretory vesicles formed in neuroendocrine cells. Its functions include modulation of secretory granule stability, prohormone processing, and regulation of peptide sorting into secretory pathways" SIGNOR-254274 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PDCL protein Q13371 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser25 SSSEDEDsDHEDKDR 9606 16717095 t lperfetto "Together, these data make a strong case for ck2 phosphorylation events within the serines 18-20 and 25 sites in vivo. hey also show that phosphorylation of ser-25 and ser-296 plays no additional role in g__ expression." SIGNOR-146837 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr319 TPVVSVTtPSLPPQG 9606 BTO:0000567 10849446 t lperfetto "We have previously shown that bmk1 regulates c-jun gene expression through direct phosphorylation and activation of transcription factor mef2c.Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to mef2c, bmk1 phosphorylates and activates mef2a and mef2d but not mef2b.The sites phosphorylated by activated bmk1 were mapped to ser-355, thr-312, and thr-319 of mef2a and ser-179 of mef2d both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-236579 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr115 QPQPDSVyLVPTPSK 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246381 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser637 VPVARKLsAREQRDC 9606 18838687 t "When mitochondrial depolarization is associated with sustained cytosolic Ca(2+) rise, it activates the cytosolic phosphatase calcineurin that normally interacts with Drp1. Calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of Drp1, and in particular of its conserved serine 637, regulates its translocation to mitochondria as substantiated by site directed mutagenesis." SIGNOR-248676 Riluzole chemical CHEBI:8863 ChEBI KCNN2 protein Q9H2S1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258020 AZD1480 chemical CID:16659841 PUBCHEM JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190164 C9orf72 protein Q96LT7 UNIPROT RAB1A protein P62820 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27334615 t miannu "C9orf72 acts as an effector of Rab1a that recruits active Rab1a to theULK1 complex to promote translocation of the ULK1 complex to thephagophore during autophagy initiation" SIGNOR-261297 GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT Cartilage_development phenotype SIGNOR-PH75 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21976273 f miannu "Growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, is essential for cartilage, bone, and joint formation." SIGNOR-252418 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 11201744 t "CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling" SIGNOR-248359 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001968 10864652 t miannu "We show here that HPV16 E6 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of E6AP itself. " SIGNOR-271398 ARHGEF17 protein Q96PE2 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260542 AP1B1 protein Q10567 UNIPROT "AP-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C248 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21097499 t lperfetto "Key components of this system are the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP)4 complexes, AP-1 (gamma-beta1-mi1-sigma1), AP-2 (α-beta2-mi2-sigma2), AP-3 (delta-beta3-mi3-sigma3), and AP-4 (epsilon-beta4-mi4-sigma4) (subunit composition shown in parentheses)" SIGNOR-260685 SBF1 protein O95248 UNIPROT MTMR2 protein Q13614 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 12668758 t miannu "We also demonstrate that MTMR2 interacts with MTMR5 via its coiled-coil domain and that mutations in the coiled-coil domain of either MTMR2 or MTMR5 abrogate this interaction. Through this interaction, MTMR5 increases the enzymatic activity of MTMR2 and dictates its subcellular localization. " SIGNOR-269803 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr216 RGEPNVSyICSRYYR 9606 20331603 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the residue Tyrosine in 216 position results in the constitutive activity of GSK-3beta and believed to be important target for signal transduction." SIGNOR-217865 conivaptan chemical CHEBI:681850 ChEBI AVPR2 protein P30518 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20471258 t Luana "One of the targets, 13d, demonstrated improved V2-receptor binding and was further profiled for comparison with conivaptan, the program’s mixed V1a/V2 standard (Table 4). Compound 13d displayed similar V1a-receptor affinity, albeit with a 30-fold weaker V2-receptor affinity when compared to conivaptan." SIGNOR-257844 THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-267780 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PDCL protein Q13371 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser19 KLQYYYSsSEDEDSD 9606 16717095 t lperfetto "Phosducin-like protein (phlp) is a widely expressed binding partner of the g protein betagamma subunit complex (gbetagamma) that has been recently shown to catalyze the formation of the gbetagamma dimer from its nascent polypeptides. Phosphorylation of phlp at one or more of three consecutive serines (ser-18, ser-19, and ser-20) is necessary for gbetagamma dimer formation and is believed to be mediated by the protein kinase ck2." SIGNOR-146829 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr48 VCPDVPRtPVGKFLG 9606 10864927 t lperfetto "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-216773 CDR2 protein Q01850 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20383333 f lperfetto "Additionally, cdr2 knockdown lead to a decrease (Table 3) in four other transcripts (AURKA, CENPE, SPC25 and TTK), which are involved in kinetochore and spindle biology" SIGNOR-252023 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 17998336 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "The sh3 domain of lck modulates t-cell receptor-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through activation of raf-1." SIGNOR-269921 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18997792 t gcesareni "A traf2 trimer interacts with one ciap2 both in the crystal and in solution through its death domain and amino-terminal region, tradd recruits rip1 (receptor-interacting protein), traf2, and through its interaction with traf2, c-iap1 and c-iap2 (13). Traf2 recruit ciap1 and ciap2. A traf2 trimer interacts with one ciap2 both in the crystal and in solution." SIGNOR-182124 ABRAXAS1 protein Q6UWZ7 UNIPROT "BRCA1-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C296 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20656690 t lperfetto "We and others showed previously that BRCC36 is a component of the BRCA1-A complex, which consists of RAP80, CCDC98/ABRAXAS, BRCC45/BRE, MERIT40/NBA1, BRCC36, and BRCA1. " SIGNOR-263214 AGPAT4 protein Q9NRZ5 UNIPROT "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57970 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21173190 t lperfetto "The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA).¬†" SIGNOR-267015 TRAF7 protein Q6Q0C0 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15001576 f miannu "Overexpression of traf7 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis." SIGNOR-256666 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr494 TGTDKLMtGVISPER 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-141030 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT L1CAM protein P32004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1152 RSKGGKYsVKDKEDT 10116 BTO:0001009 8663493 t lperfetto "Western blot analysis demonstrated that the L1 kinase activity from PC12 cells that phosphorylated this site was co-eluted with the S6 kinase, p90(rsk). Moreover, S6 kinase activity and p90(rsk) immunoreactivity co-immunoprecipitate with L1 from brain, and metabolic labeling studies have demonstrated that Ser1152 is phosphorylated in vivo in the developing rat brain. | These data demonstrate that the membrane-proximal 15 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain of L1 are important for neurite outgrowth on L1, and the interactions it mediates may be regulated by phosphorylation of Ser1152." SIGNOR-248948 "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "Another central component of the NMDA receptor signaling complex is the scaffold protein PSD-95 (also referred to as SAP-90). The first and second PDZ domains bind tightly to the tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor" SIGNOR-264225 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT STX1A protein Q16623 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser188 IIMDSSIsKQALSEI 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000356 12730201 t llicata "Syntaxin-1A phosphorylation by DAP kinase or its S188D mutant, which mimics a state of complete phosphorylation, significantly decreases syntaxin binding to Munc18-1, a syntaxin-binding protein that regulates SNARE complex formation and is required for synaptic vesicle docking." SIGNOR-251083 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser536 SGDEDFSsIADMDFS 9606 15489227 t lperfetto "Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained ikkalpha, ikkbeta, ikkepsilon, and tbk1. collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter." SIGNOR-129951 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser522 PASSAKTsPAKQQAP 9606 BTO:0000938 25040932 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and DYRK2 phosphorylate CRMP2 and CRMP4, respectively, priming these proteins at S522 before their subsequent phosphorylation by GSK-3b at T509, T516 and S518|e CRMP2 phosphorylation by GSK-3b disrupts its interaction with tubulin (Yamashita & Goshima, 2012), leading to growth inhibition" SIGNOR-264838 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 ELLCLRRsSLKAYGN 9606 11809767 t lperfetto "Akt mediates sequestration of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor in response to insulin. Phosphorylation studies of the c-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor by akt in vitro identified ser(345) and ser(346) within a consensus motif for akt phosphorylation." SIGNOR-114466 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" 17158804 t "YY1 REPO domain is necessary and sufficient for PcG transcriptional repression, Polycomb recruitment to DNA, and methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27" SIGNOR-253595 motesanib chemical CHEBI:51098 ChEBI RET protein P07949 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194572 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr252 PINGSPRtPRRGQNR 9606 1756735 t lperfetto "The retinoblastoma gene product (prb) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is thought to play a key role in the negative regulation of cellular proliferation. The active form of prb is underphosphorylated. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to potential cdc2 phosphorylation sites, we have developed a strategy which has allowed the identification of five sites. S249, t252, t373, s807 and s811 are phosphorylated in vivo, and in each case these sites correspond closely to the consensus sequence for phosphorylation by p34cdc2." SIGNOR-21560 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT TGFB1I1 protein O43294 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr60 SGDKDHLySTVCKPR 9534 10838081 t miannu "Hic-5 is a CAKbeta-binding protein localized at focal adhesions. Here we show that overexpression of CAKbeta or Fyn, but not FAK, enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation of coexpressed Hic-5 in COS-7 cells. The Y60F mutant of Hic-5 was not phosphorylated, and Hic-5 phosphorylated on tyrosine 60 was bound specifically to the SH2 domain of Csk. Specific phosphorylation of Hic-5 by CAKbeta and Fyn may activate a signaling pathway mediated by Hic-5." SIGNOR-262875 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT ITGA3 protein P26006 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001596 1744142 f lperfetto "TGF-beta 1 decreases the biosynthesis of alpha 3 subunit but increases the production of alpha 2 subunit. IL-1 beta potentiates the effects of TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, in the presence of TGF-beta 1 the increase in the expression of alpha 1 subunit by IL-1 beta is even larger. Thus, IL-1 beta and TGF-beta 1, which usually have antagonistic functions in connective tissue, can regulate integrin expression in a synergistic way." SIGNOR-253353 OGDC complex SIGNOR-C397 SIGNOR succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15953811 t miannu "The Œ±-ketoglutarate‚Äìdehydrogenase complex is a complex including multiple copies of three proteins: E1k (Œ±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), E2k (dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase), and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (Fig. 2). The consecutive action of the three catalytic components of KGDHC results in oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, preserving the energy in the form of succinylCoA and NADH." SIGNOR-266258 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252863 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "AIM2 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C222 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22801494 t miannu "Here we identify a role for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR, also known as EIF2AK2) in inflammasome activation. PKR physically interacts with several inflammasome components, including NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), NLRP1, NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and broadly regulates inflammasome activation." SIGNOR-263120 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT ZNF622 protein Q969S3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser314 WCNEKGKsFYSTEAV 9606 21771788 t gcesareni "Ask1 directly phosphorylated zpr9 at ser(314) and thr(318), suggesting that zpr9 can act as an ask1 substrate. Ask1-mediated phosphorylation of zpr9 at ser(314) and thr(318) was also responsible for zpr9-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-175113 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT Gluconeogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH35 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20640476 f Gianni "However, in contrast to the role of AMPK, most reports to date indicate that PGC-1a induces gluconeogenesis" SIGNOR-209932 CC2D1A protein Q6P1N0 UNIPROT RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 20171170 t centrosome lperfetto "Akt kinase-interacting protein 1 (Aki1)/Freud-1/CC2D1A is localized in the cytosol, nucleus, and centrosome. Aki1 plays distinct roles depending on its localization. | In the centrosome, it regulates spindle pole localization of the cohesin subunit Scc1, thereby mediating centriole cohesion during mitosis." SIGNOR-268294 COX4I1 protein P13073 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267744 GPR35 protein Q9HC97 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256860 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C6 10575014 t gcesareni "Smad2/3 interacts with c-ski through its c-terminal mh2 domain in a tgf-beta-dependent mannerc-ski is incorporated in the smad dna binding complex, interferes with the interaction of smad3 with a transcriptional co-activator, p300, and in turn recruits hdac. c-ski is thus a transcriptional co-repressor that links smads to hdac in tgf-beta signaling." SIGNOR-72664 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr78 KTRKTTTtPGRKPRG 9606 1939057 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the dna-binding domain of nonhistone high-mobility group i protein by cdc2 kinase: reduction of binding affinity" SIGNOR-22338 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLD2 protein O14939 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser243 RWLVVKDsFLLYMCL 9606 15979581 t miannu "The phosphorylation sites in phospholipase d2 (pld2) induced by activation of protein kinase calpha (pkcalpha) in cos 7 cells were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Ser134, 146, and 243, and thr72, 99/100, and 252 were identified. These sites were mutated to ala and the double mutation of ser243 and thr252 eliminated the phosphorylation. / the s243/t252a mutant showed a partial decrease in pld2 activity" SIGNOR-138351 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 QQQSYLDsGIHSGAT 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 SIGNOR-C110 19303846 t gcesareni "DISC1 inhibits GSK3beta activity through direct physical interaction, which reduces beta-catenin phosphorylation and stabilizes beta-catenin." SIGNOR-184781 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SOST protein Q9BQB4 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19874086 f gcesareni "These results demonstrate that bmpria in osteoblasts negatively regulates endogenous bone mass and wnt/beta-catenin signaling and that this regulation may be mediated by the activities of sost and dkk1." SIGNOR-188958 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 f gcesareni "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein)coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin." SIGNOR-141814 OGA protein O60502 UNIPROT PFK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF79 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" deglycosylation 9606 26399441 t lperfetto "Our previous investigation on O-GlcNAcylation of PFK1 has demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation inhibits PFK1 enzyme activity|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively." SIGNOR-267609 bevacizumab antibody DB00112 DRUGBANK VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001615 15961063 t miannu "Clinical trials with VEGF inhibitors in a variety of malignancies are ongoing. Recently, a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab; Avastin) has been approved by the FDA as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy." SIGNOR-259884 SIRT6 protein Q8N6T7 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25083875 t miannu "SIRT6 directs chromatin recruitment of CLOCK:BMAL1 and SREBP1.Importantly, SIRT6 also controls SREBP-1 recruitment to target promoters, such as Fasn, and helps maintain proper cyclic transcription. In fact, circadian metabolomics analyses reveal that SIRT6 controls lipid metabolism, contributing to the regulation of pathways involved in fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation, triglyceride storage, signaling, and cellular membrane lipids." SIGNOR-268158 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser346 SEEDRSKsAPTSPCD 9606 18604201 t llicata "Specifically, we have identified three phosphorylation sites within pkcepsilon that control its association with 14-3-3.kinase (ser 350), gsk3 (ser 346) and pkc itself (ser 368)" SIGNOR-179412 TUBE1 protein Q9UJT0 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28347630 f miannu "Microtubules are essential for the generation, migration and differentiation of neurons. Within dendrites microtubules have also been implicated in the formation and plasticity of spines. For instance, the treatment of hippocampal neurons with low doses of the microtubule destabilizing drug Nocodazole impairs BDNF induced dendritic spine formation" SIGNOR-267178 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXA7 protein P31268 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260024 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15735151 t amattioni "Activated DVL binds and inhibits the phosphorylation of beta-catenin by GSK3B, blocking beta-catenin degradation so that beta catenin accumulates and translocates to the nucleus, where it interacts with the t cell specific factor (tcf)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (lef-1) transcription factor and induces the transcription of target genes such as c-jun, c-myc, and cyclin d1." SIGNOR-134285 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 23563700 t miannu "Ponatinib was able to significantly inhibit the growth of primary lung cancer cultures in vitro. Our data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1 kinase activity with ponatinib may be effective for the treatment of lung cancer patients whose tumors overexpress FGFR1." SIGNOR-259276 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1875 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273089 SYN2 protein Q92777 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 33809712 f miannu "Synapsins are a family of peripheral proteins that bind to the SV membrane. Synapsins Maintain the SV Reserve Pool. Synapsins serve as a key protein for maintaining SVs within this reserve pool, but the mechanism that allows synapsins to do this is unclear. This mechanism is likely to involve synapsins either cross-linking SVs, thereby anchoring SVs to each other, or creating a liquid phase that allows SVs to float within a synapsin droplet." SIGNOR-264106 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 KVAAETQsPSLFGST 9606 19767751 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates nup50 at ser221 and ser315 erk phosphorylation of the fg repeat region of nup50 reduced its affinity for importin-beta family proteins, importin-beta and transportin." SIGNOR-188139 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22153608 t gcesareni "Kmp also enhanced the association of taz with ppar_, thereby suppressing the gene transcription of ppar_ targets and resulting in diminished adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-195215 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser139 LSCDYDLsLPFPVCE 9606 19203584 t lperfetto "Here we show that dna damage induced by gamma-radiation triggers the phosphorylation of nuclear caspase-2 at the s122 site within its prodomain, leading to its cleavage and activation. This phosphorylation is carried out by the nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase dna-pkcs" SIGNOR-183895 452342-67-5 chemical CID:10202642 PUBCHEM TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000671 18075500 t gcesareni "Gw788388 is a new tgf-beta type i receptor inhibitor with a much improved pharmacokinetic profile compared with sb431542." SIGNOR-159863 CRH protein P06850 UNIPROT KRT14 protein P02533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15468147 t Regulation miannu "CRH stimulated the expression of cytokeratin 1 and involucrin, and inhibited cytokeratin 14 on both mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-251899 CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT "Caspase-2 PIDDosome" complex SIGNOR-C292 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20158568 t miannu "The PIDDosome consists of the proteins PIDD, RAIDD and caspase-2." SIGNOR-262641 P2RY2 protein P41231 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257145 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12419246 t lperfetto "Thus, Ski/SnoN represses TGFβ signaling by multiple mechanisms. In addition to recruitment of a transcriptional repressor complex and dissociation of the transcriptional coactivator p300/CBP from the Smads" SIGNOR-217217 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17094771 t miannu "SHP repressed C/EBPalpha (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha)-driven transcription of PEPCK through direct interaction with C/EBPalpha protein both in vitro and in vivo. The formation of an active transcriptional complex of C/EBPalpha and its binding to DNA was inhibited by SHP, resulting in the inhibition of PEPCK gene transcription." SIGNOR-254831 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 19620713 f ggiuliani "The expression of CA-BMPr1A and CA-BMPr1B mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR using appropriate primers to distinguish expression of the constitutively active receptors from endogenous BMP receptors; specific antibodies for these receptors were not available. However, the functional effects of their expression, i.e., phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, verify overexpression of the constitutively active receptors (Fig. 3B). Thus, their overexpression provoked a substantial rise in the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, known downstream phosphorylated intermediates in the BMP signaling pathway (Fig. 3B) (16, 17)." SIGNOR-255787 WDR83 protein Q9BRX9 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15118098 t gcesareni "Morg1 specifically associates with several components of the erk pathway, including mp1, raf-1, mek, and erk, and stabilizes their assembly into an oligomeric complex." SIGNOR-124476 FOXS1 protein O43638 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9913 BTO:0004577 18288644 t Luana "Fkhl18 suppressed the transcriptional activity of FoxO3a and FoxO4." SIGNOR-261611 FGD4 protein Q96M96 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260554 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26490982 f irozzo "The human far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1 (FUBP1) belongs to an ancient family which is required for proper regulation of the c-Myc proto-oncogene. Our results indicated that FUBP1 may potentially stimulate c-Myc expression in ESCC and its expression may promote ESCC progression." SIGNOR-259123 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 SFSSTSVsSLEAEAY 9606 15448698 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-129418 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MEP1B protein Q16820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser687 KKYRERMsSNRPNLT 9534 BTO:0001538 12941954 t miannu "These findings suggest that activation of a protein kinase, presumably PKC, mediates PMA-induced hmeprinβ shedding. By labeling COS-1 cells transfected with mutant constructs lacking the potential phosphorylation sites, we identified Ser687 as the main 32P-acceptor. These data provide evidence that the cytoplasmic domain of hmeprinβ can function as a PKC substrate." SIGNOR-263171 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32454942 f miannu "IL-1β, an inflammatory cytokine primarily expressed in activated macrophages, monocytes, and microglia, significantly contributes to MS development. IL-1β promotes differentiation of T cells into Th17 cells via the STAT3 pathway and thereby promotes and aggravates the inflammatory environment in the CNS" SIGNOR-263821 palmitoyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57379 ChEBI O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17490 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267123 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16882717 t lpetrilli "In human cells, rnai-mediated depletion of scp1 and scp2 increases the extent and duration of smad1 phosphorylation in response to bmp, the transcriptional action of smad1, and the strength of endogenous bmp gene responses. The present identification of the scp family as smad c-terminal phosphatases sheds light on the events that attenuate smad signaling and reveals unexpected links to the essential phosphatases that control rna polymerase ii in eukaryotes." SIGNOR-148396 SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR-C263 28831067 t lperfetto "The NXF1:NXT1 complex and NUP153 interact with the amino terminus of SUN1 |In analogy to a proposal made by Chang et al.4, Nesprins could help anchoring SUN1 near the NPC to enable it to fulfill its task in mRNA export." SIGNOR-263294 SLC4A3 protein P48751 UNIPROT hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "Slc4a10 is a Na+-coupled Cl−-HCO3− exchanger, which is expressed in principal and inhibitory neurons as well as in choroid plexus epithelial cells of the brain. In neurons, bicarbonate transport is mainly mediated by members of the SLC4A family of proteins. While the Na+-independent anion-exchanger SLC4A3 lowers the intraneuronal bicarbonate concentration, the Na+-dependent anion exchangers SLC4A8 (NDCBE) and SLC4A10 (NCBE) use the sodium gradient to accumulate bicarbonate in exchange of chloride" SIGNOR-264917 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Rho can sensitize the ar to low levels of circulating androgens by promoting the nuclear translocation of a transcriptional co-activator, fhl2 (four and a half lim domains 2), which binds ar, and by stimulating protein kinase n (pkn), which phosphorylates ar directly." SIGNOR-152762 DRAM2 protein Q6UX65 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30755245 f irozzo "DRAM2 plays an oncogenic role in NSCLC via regulating p53 expression. Knockdown of DRAM2 caused an increase of p53 and p21 expression, and overexpression of p53 caused a decrease of DRAM2 expression." SIGNOR-259146 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181;BTO:0005493 11389444 t lperfetto "Tgf-beta also induces the association of smurf2 with the transcriptional co-repressor snon and we show that smad2 can function to mediate this interaction. This allows smurf2 hect domain to target snon for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-253262 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 8383844 f "inferred from family member" miannu "Contransfection experiments of aldolase B/CAT constructs and of expression vectors for different transcription factors were carried out in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells. We found that DBP and HNF-1 are strong transactivators of the aldolase B promoter while C/EBP and vHNF-1 are only weak activators" SIGNOR-270224 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT TANC1 protein Q9C0D5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 21068316 t miannu "In the present study, we provide evidence that TANC1 and its close relative TANC2 regulate dendritic spines and excitatory synapses. our results indicate that TANC-dependent spine/synapse maintenance requires TANC binding to PSD-95, which promotes synaptic localization of TANC proteins. Thus, it is likely that interaction with PSD-95 concentrates TANC proteins at synapses, where they play a role in mediating PSD-95-dependent maintenance of spines and synapses." SIGNOR-266894 POLR2L protein P62875 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266142 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 21880741 t miannu "Except for nfat5, nfatc1c4 are activated upon a rise in intracellular ca2+, which stimulates the serine/threonine phosphatase activity of calcineurin the ca2+-calcineurin signal is the most important signal for regulating nfat activation, but the signal that leads to ca2+ influx during neural tube differentiation is still unclear." SIGNOR-255462 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12368264 f "These defects are intrinsic to c-Myc, and are in part associated with a requirement for c-Myc for the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as VEGF can partially rescue these defects." SIGNOR-259369 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 RERSRTGsESSQTGT 9606 BTO:0001109 36882522 t lperfetto "CDK13 directly phosphorylates 4E-BP1 at Thr46 and eIF4B at Ser422; genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting CDK13 disrupts mRNA translation." SIGNOR-273115 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr970 GEGYKKKyQQVDEEF 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000527 19275932 t gcesareni "These data are exciting as they indicate that abl kinases not only are activated by pdgfr and promote pdgfr-mediated proliferation and migration,but also act in an intricate negative feedback loop to turn-off pdgfr-mediated chemotaxis." SIGNOR-184556 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CD22 protein P20273 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "LYN is a BCR-associated SRC kinase involved in the positive regulation of BCR, but it also functions as a negative regulator by phosphorylating the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) of CD22." SIGNOR-268443 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT ZDHHC5 protein Q9C0B5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28775165 t "Mechanistic investigations revealed that mutant p53 transcriptionally upregulated ZDHHC5 along with the nuclear transcription factor NF-Y" SIGNOR-261150 VEPH1 protein Q14D04 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 22055343 f "In the neuronal differentiation" lperfetto "Melted represses warts transcription to disrupt hippo pathway activity and specify rh5 fate wts and melt repress each other s transcription in a double negative, bistable feedback loop that directs robust expression of either rh5 or rh6 in r9" SIGNOR-177077 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24505269 t miannu "Recurrent gene fusion between the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 and members of the ETS transcription factor family, most commonly ERG, are present in about 50% of prostate cancer cases. Presence of this fusion gene is a critical event in the development of prostate cancer. the more aggressive phenotype that arises with the presence of TMPRSS2-ERG at least in part is caused by changes in the tumor stroma." SIGNOR-251545 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT ALDOB protein P05062 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8383844 f miannu "Contransfection experiments of aldolase B/CAT constructs and of expression vectors for different transcription factors were carried out in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells. We found that DBP and HNF-1 are strong transactivators of the aldolase B promoter while C/EBP and vHNF-1 are only weak activators" SIGNOR-253834 ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10391889 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated CREB and ATF1 then bind to the CRE of the egr-1 promoter and cause a stress-dependent transcriptional activation of this gene." SIGNOR-271686 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253460 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SUPT5H protein O00267 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr784 MYGSGSRtPMYGSQT 9606 16427012 t lperfetto "We describe an evolutionarily conserved repetitive heptapeptide motif (consensus = g-s-r/q-t-p) in the c-terminal region (ctr) of hspt5, which, like the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rna pol ii, is highly phosphorylated by p-tefb. Thr-4 residues of the ctr repeats are functionally important phosphorylation sites. In vitro, thr-4 phosphorylation is critical for the elongation activation activity of dsif" SIGNOR-143927 MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10704996 t lperfetto "MAP2 interacts with MTs through its tubulin-binding domain which mainly associates with the acidic region of the C-terminal region of tubulin|no neurite growth is observed when MAP2 expression is suppressed in neuronal cell cultures after treatment with specific antisense oligonucleotides" SIGNOR-264837 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT NPC1L1 protein Q9UHC9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21123766 f miannu "Our results showed a positive correlation between changes in NPC1L1 and changes in both SREBP-2 and HNF-4α mRNA expression, a finding that supports the notion that these transcription factors stimulate intestinal NPC1L1 expression." SIGNOR-254452 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11830546 f miannu "The expression of the melanoma susceptibility gene product p16 is increased after UVR both in epidermally derived cell lines and in human skin. the increased expression of p16 after exposure to suberythemal doses of UVR is potentiated by α-MSH, a ligand for MC1R, and this effect is mimicked by cAMP, the intracellular mediator of α-MSH signaling via the MC1 receptor." SIGNOR-252377 SYN3 protein O14994 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15265865 t miannu "Synapsins, a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins, have been demonstrated to regulate the availability of synaptic vesicles for exocytosis by binding to both synaptic vesicles and the actin cytoskeleton in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-269186 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT MYOD/E12E47 complex SIGNOR-C127 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241128 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp60 GYDELQTdGNRSSHS 9606 BTO:0000093 9727492 t amattioni "Caspase-8 cleaves bid at aspartic acid residue 60 (asp60) cleavage of bid by casp8 releases its potent proapoptotic activity" SIGNOR-59655 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PAG1 protein Q9NWQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr417 LVPKENDyESISDLQ 9534 16920712 t miannu "Here we show that Lyn interacts with C-terminal Src kinase-binding protein (Cbp), an adaptor protein that recruits negative regulators C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)/Csk-like protein-tyrosine kinase (Ctk). Lyn phosphorylated Cbp on several tyrosine residues, including Tyr314, which recruited Csk/Ctk to suppress Lyn kinase activity.Thus, a single phosphotyrosine residue on Cbp coordinates a two-phase process involving distinct negative regulatory pathways to inactivate, then degrade, Lyn." SIGNOR-262899 PIK3R4 protein Q99570 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex II" complex SIGNOR-C241 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30397185 t lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260321 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser393 KTCQRKFsRSDHLKT 9606 9366517 t llicata "Pka phosphorylated wt1 at ser-365 and ser-393 in vitro, as well as at additional sites, and this phosphorylation abolished the dna-binding activity of wt1 in vitro. Using wt1 mutants in which ser-365 and ser-393 were mutated to ala individually and in combination, we showed that phosphorylation of these sites was critical for inhibition of dna binding in vivo." SIGNOR-53176 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f miannu "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions." SIGNOR-260126 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC14 protein Q99878 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHK 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271762 RAI1 protein Q7Z5J4 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000614 22578325 f miannu "Data further show that haploinsufficiency of RAI1 and Rai1 in SMS fibroblasts and the mouse hypothalamus, respectively, results in the transcriptional dysregulation of the circadian clock and causes altered expression and regulation of multiple circadian genes, including PER2, PER3, CRY1, BMAL1, and others." SIGNOR-266844 AAK1 protein Q2M2I8 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr102 LRVVDEKtKDLIVDQ 9606 18657069 t llicata "Numb is phosphorylated by aak1, while little aak1-dependent phosphorylation is observed in t102a numb immunoprecipitants" SIGNOR-179610 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT CFLAR protein O15519 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10090 16469705 t gcesareni "Depends on JNK-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, which specifically ubiquitinates c-FLIP and induces its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-245307 NRBF2 protein Q96F24 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 phosphorylation:Ser113;Ser120 AEDAEGQsPLSQKYS;SPLSQKYsPSTEKCL 28059666 t miannu "NRBF2 S113 and S120 phosphorylation negatively regulates autophagy. Phosphorylated NRBF2 inhibits autophagy, preferentially binds a nonautophagic form of the PtdIns3K complex consisting of PIK3C3-PIK3R4 only, and this NRBF2-associated PtdIns3K complex has low lipid kinase activity. Phosphorylated NRBF2 inhibits autophagy, preferentially binds a nonautophagic form of the PtdIns3K complex consisting of PIK3C3-PIK3R4 only, and this NRBF2-associated PtdIns3K complex has low lipid kinase activity." SIGNOR-265879 DIO1 protein P49895 UNIPROT L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 1400883 t scontino "The type I 5' iodothyronine deiodinase (5' DI) catalyzes the deiodination of T4 to the biologically active hormone T3 and accounts for a significant fraction of its production." SIGNOR-266944 HNRNPH2 protein P55795 UNIPROT TERF2 protein Q15554 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0001009 27117401 t miannu "During neuronal differentiation, use of an alternative splice site on the rat telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) mRNA generates a short TRF2 protein isoform (TRF2-S) capable of derepressing neuronal genes. However, the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) controlling this splicing event are unknown. Here, using affinity pull-down analysis, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins H1 and H2(HNRNPH) as RBPs specifically capable of interacting with the spliced RNA segment (exon 7) of Trf2 pre-mRNA. HNRNPH proteins prevent the production of the short isoform of Trf2 mRNA, as HNRNPH silencing selectively elevates TRF2-S levels." SIGNOR-266806 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 9606 10831586 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on ser-10 of kip1 is the major site of phosphorylation in resting cells, takes place at the g(0)-g1 phase and leads to protein stability." SIGNOR-77651 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 11742987 f gcesareni "Both induction of MKP-1 expression and inhibition of its degradation are necessary for glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Erk-1/2 activation." SIGNOR-251677 NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser114 AIIHGLSsLTACQLR 9606 BTO:0000567 28216227 t done miannu "Mechanistically, Nek7 interacts with and phosphorylates TRF1 on Ser114, which prevents TRF1 from binding to Fbx4, an Skp1-Cul1-F box E3 ligase subunit, thereby alleviating proteasomal degradation of TRF1, leading to a stable association of TRF1 with Tin2 to form a shelterin complex." SIGNOR-273903 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 23486913 t lperfetto "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway. Specifically as part of mtorc1, mtor directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein s6 kinases (s6k1 and s6k2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-217114 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr577 RRPPGLDySFDTCKP 9606 BTO:0000007 11294897 t lperfetto "Ligand stimulation leads to autophosphorylation of fgfr3 the absence of y577 (3y-577f) or y760 (3y-760f) resulted in a modest decrease in activity." SIGNOR-106726 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 9606 BTO:0000007 12270932 t "SHP-2 is a dual-specificity phosphatase involved in Stat1 dephosphorylation at both tyrosine and serine residues in nuclei|In SHP-2-/- mouse fibroblast cells, Stat1 phosphorylation at both the tyrosine residue Tyr(701) and the serine residue Ser(727) |Overexpression of SHP-2 in 293T cells inhibited IFNgamma-dependent Stat1 phosphorylation and suppressed Stat1-dependent induction of luciferase activity." SIGNOR-248672 ADIPOR2 protein Q86V24 UNIPROT APPL1 protein Q9UKG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16622416 t milica "Appl1 interacts with adiponectin receptors in mammalian cells and the interaction is stimulated by adiponectin." SIGNOR-146215 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RCC1 protein P18754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr274 SNYHQLGtPGTESCF -1 15014043 t miannu "We show here that Cdc2 kinase phosphorylates the serines located in or near the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of hum an RCC1, the nucleotide exchange factor for Ran. This phosphorylation is necessary for RCC1 to generate RanGTP on mitotic chromosomes in mammalian cells, which in turn is required for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. However, when both S2 and S11 were simultaneously mutated to As, the resulting 6His-RCC1S2,11A failed to be phosphorylated, whereas all of the other double mutants were phosphorylated (Fig. 1C). As expected, mutating all four sites to As (the 6His-RCC1S2,11,387A-T274A) also blocked phosphorylation (Fig. 1C)." SIGNOR-262704 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 12110590 t gcesareni "Here, we show that in fibroblasts, insulin, epidermal growth factor (egf) and serum activate atf2 via a so far unknown two-step mechanism involving two distinct ras effector pathways: the raf-mek-erk pathway induces phosphorylation of atf2 thr71, whereas subsequent atf2 thr69 phosphorylation requires the ral-ralgds-src-p38 pathway." SIGNOR-90525 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM13 protein O60858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271145 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT FOSB protein P53539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 SAESQYLsSVDSFGS 9606 17241283 t lperfetto "Our findings indicate that ck2 activation increases deltafosb's transactivation potential, while ck2 inhibition decreases it. Further, we show that preventing ser27 phosphorylation by mutating the site to ala results in a significant decrease in deltafosb transactivation" SIGNOR-152403 LCMT1 protein Q9UIC8 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Leu309 RRTPDYFl -1 18394995 t lperfetto "Methylation of the carboxy-terminal Leu309 in a conserved TPDYFL309 motif of the C subunit has been shown to enhance the affinity of the PP2A core enzyme for some, but not all, regulatory subunits |The PP2A core enzyme was methylated by a PP2A-specific leucine carboxyl methyltransferase (LCMT1)" SIGNOR-265749 MAPRE1 protein Q15691 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 17889670 t lperfetto "Microtubule plus end binding proteins (+TIPs) localize to the dynamic plus ends of microtubules, where they stimulate microtubule growth and recruit signaling molecules. Three main +TIP classes have been identified (XMAP215, EB1, and CLIP-170)" SIGNOR-264831 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t miannu "Phosphorylation of smad2 by erk increases its transcriptional activity /thr220 and ser245, ser250, and ser255 were possible phosphorylation sites. The phosphorylation of peak a peptide by erk1 is consistent with that prediction." SIGNOR-91722 dabrafenib chemical CHEBI:75045 ChEBI SIK1 protein P57059 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24720932 t miannu "Dabrafenib is known to inhibit V600E, V600K and V600D BRAF enzymes with in vitro IC50 values of 0.65, 0.5 and 1.84 nM, respectively. Dabrafenib can inhibit wild-type BRAF and CRAF kinases with IC50 values of 3.2 and 5.0 nM. Other kinases (SIK1, NEK111 and LIMK1) can be inhibited by dabrafenib when administered in high concentrations" SIGNOR-259219 MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 19109563 f irozzo "To discern the mechanisms by which Meis1 inhibition leads to reduced cell growth, we performed cell-cycle and apoptosis analyses.Meis1 knockdown also resulted in increased apoptosis, as evidenced by increased uptake of PI and a stain for activated caspases (CaspaTag) by M26-transduced cells compared with control cells. These results indicate that Meis1 is required for proliferation and survival of 4166 leukemia cells." SIGNOR-255860 LHX3 protein Q9UBR4 UNIPROT FSHB protein P01225 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23766128 f miannu "we also demonstrated that LHX3 bound with greater affinity to the wild-type human FSHB promoter compared with the -211 G/T mutation and that LHX3 binding was more effectively competed with excess wild-type oligonucleotide than with the SNP. Finally, we showed that FSHB transcription was decreased in gonadotrope cells with the -211 G/T mutation compared with the wild-type FSHB promoter." SIGNOR-254557 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser281 WHKTTQMsAAGTYAW 9606 11053428 t gcesareni "Hpk1 also phosphorylated mlk-3 activation loop in vitro, and ser281 was found to be the major phosphorylation site, indicating that hpk1 also activates mlk-3 via phosphorylation of the kinase activation loop." SIGNOR-83415 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15829516 t irozzo "Two classes of models can describe how AML1-ETO could interfere with normal AML1 activity. First, because AML1-ETO has the potential to interact with AML1 co-factors (such as CBFβ) through its RD, it could act as a dominant-negative molecule by competing with AML1 for these co-factors. Although AML1-ETO has been shown to interact with CBFβ and repress the expression of AML1-regulated genes in vitro and in cell culture, the available data do not distinguish between these two models." SIGNOR-256100 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9878062 f lperfetto "Functional data suggest that c-Jun is not merely a target for activation by many of the extracellular stimuli, but that it plays a role in mediating the cellular response. In the case of growth control, three lines of evidence suggest that the transcription factor AP-1, which is composed of Fos–Jun and Jun–Jun dimers, mediates cell proliferation in response to external growth signals in the form of peptide growth factors." SIGNOR-233467 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser89 AQHVRSHsSPASLQL 9606 22658639 t "Together the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex promotes proliferative and survival programs." milica "In response to high cell densities, activated LATS1/2 phosphorylates the WW-domain containing transcriptional co-activators YAP at Ser127 and TAZ at Ser89, promoting 14-3-3 binding and thereby inhibiting their translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-197651 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser227 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9606 10480933 t gcesareni "We characterize two monoclonal antibodies raised against phosphorylated forms of the n- and c-terminal domain of rsk2 (p-s227 and p-t577, respectively). Using these two antibodies, we show that stress signals, such as uv light, induce phosphorylation and activation of the three rsks." SIGNOR-70612 SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0003298 26893351 t "In adipocytes, in addition to the direct regulation of PPARγ andC/EBP expression, we showed that SOX6 inhibitsWNT signaling by binding to β-catenin, potentially leading to its degradation" SIGNOR-255825 KDM2A protein Q9Y2K7 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates demethylation 9606 20080798 t lperfetto "Fbxl11 and nsd1 have opposite effects on nf-kb; both bind to p65 subunit after activation of nf-kb. / nsd1 activates nf-kb and reverses the inhibitory effect of fbxl11 / these data confirm that fbxl11 and nsd1 constitute an enzyme pair that methylates and demethylates p65 on k218 and 221 in response to cytokine stimulation." SIGNOR-217415 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19041276 t lperfetto "Each STAT1 monomer becomes tyrosine phosphorylated at tyrosine 701 by the JAKs, dissociates from the receptor to form a STAT1-STAT1 homodimer which translocates to the nucleus" SIGNOR-249495 MCM7 protein P33993 UNIPROT MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19946136 t "The Mcm2-7 complex serves as the eukaryotic replicative helicase, the molecular motor that both unwinds duplex DNA and powers fork progression during DNA replication." SIGNOR-261677 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001033 28089830 t lperfetto "Tumor suppressor SPOP ubiquitinates and degrades EglN2 to compromise growth of prostate cancer cells" SIGNOR-261996 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser710 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 9606 12058027 t gcesareni "Thus, pkd2 is likely to be a novel downstream target of specific pkcs upon the stimulation of ags-b cells with gastrin. Our data suggest a two-step mechanism of activation of pkd2 via endogenously produced diacylglycerol and the activation of pkcs." SIGNOR-89427 CBFbeta-MYH11 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP3 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002882 26387755 t "Here, we show that p53 activity is inhibited in inv(16)+ AML LSCs via interactions with the CBFβ-SMMHC (CM) fusion protein and histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8).Altogether, these results indicate that CM fusion protein binds to p53 and impairs acetylation and activation of p53." SIGNOR-255737 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1031 ASSTDHQtPPTSPVQ 9606 24089523 t lperfetto "Histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) is well known for its ability to promote cell migrationextracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylates histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) at serine 1035 to stimulate cell migrationwe have identified two novel erk-mediated phosphorylation sites: threonine 1031 and serine 1035 in hdac6. Both sites were phosphorylated by erk1" SIGNOR-244549 Netrin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF97 SIGNOR DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001279 18585357 t miannu "Here, we report that the Down's syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (DSCAM), a candidate gene implicated in the mental retardation phenotype of Down's syndrome, is expressed on spinal commissural axons, binds netrin-1, and is necessary for commissural axons to grow toward and across the midline. DSCAM and DCC can each mediate a turning response of these neurons to netrin-1." SIGNOR-268173 SLC12A6 protein Q9UHW9 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 21613606 t lperfetto "Eukaryotic cells regulate their volume in the long term through the coordinated function of the Na+-coupled chloride (NKCC1/2 and NCC) and K+-coupled chloride (KCC1–4) cotransporters, which encompass two branches of the SLC12|The K+-Cl− cotransporters move chloride outside the cell, are inhibited by phosphorylation, and are activated by dephosphorylation. In contrast, the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporters introduce chloride into the cell, are inhibited by dephosphorylation, and are activated by phosphorylation gene family of solute transporters (12). " SIGNOR-264638 FBXO33 protein Q7Z6M2 UNIPROT YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16797541 t miannu "Here we identify FBX33 as a component of an SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase that targets the multifunctional regulator Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1)/dbpB/p50 for polyubiquitination and destruction by the proteasome. By targeting YB-1 for proteasomal degradation, FBX33 negatively interferes with YB-1 mediated functions.  FBX33 recruits Skp-1/Cul1 to YB-1" SIGNOR-271604 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr853 PREKRRStGVSFWTQ -1 12220642 t lperfetto "Rho kinase is known to control smooth muscle contractility by phosphorylating the 110 kDa myosin-targetting subunit (MYPT1) of the myosin-associated form of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1M). Phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr695 has previously been reported to inhibit the catalytic activity of PP1. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of Thr850 by Rho kinase dissociates PP1M from myosin, providing a second mechanism by which myosin phosphatase activity is inhibited." SIGNOR-249164 N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(4-benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinecarbothioamide chemical CHEBI:91389 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189528 SOCS4 protein Q8WXH5 UNIPROT DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 24210661 t miannu "SOCS7 promotes Dab1 polyubiquitylation and degradation. SOCS7-CRL5 complexes stimulate the ubiquitylation and turnover of Dab1. SOCS7, a CRL5 substrate adaptor protein, is also required for neocortical layering. SOCS7-CRL5 complexes stimulate the ubiquitylation and turnover of Dab1." SIGNOR-272139 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "In ad-dition, some proteins (e.g. Chip, carboxyl terminus of hsc70-interacting protein) inhibit the signaling activi-ties of smad1/5 by recruiting smad1/5 from the functional r-/co-smad complex and further pro-moting the ubiquitination and degradation of smad1/5 in a chaperone-independent manne" SIGNOR-195690 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20660310 f amattioni "Switch to beta-catenin/p300-mediated gene expression is an essential first step in initiating normal cellular differentiation" SIGNOR-229780 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16678111 t "Here we found that pVHL directly associates with and stabilizes p53 by suppressing Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination and nuclear export of p53." SIGNOR-256594 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268579 FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21525013 t lperfetto "Rip1 is required for the formation of a rip1/fadd/caspase-8 complex that drives caspase-8 activation, cleavage of bid into tbid, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, full activation of caspase-3 and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Tweak induces assembly of a death-signaling complex containing rip1, fadd, and caspase-8" SIGNOR-173429 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273152 CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 10833263 t llicata "Protein kinase B (PKB) was recently reported to be activated on the phosphorylation of Thr(308) by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase alpha (CaM-kinase kinase alpha), suggesting that PKB was regulated through not only the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway but also the Ca(2+)/calmodulin protein kinase pathway." SIGNOR-252609 NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT EGR3 protein Q06889 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000414 20506119 f miannu "Our results suggest that in many cells of neuroectodermal and epithelial origin EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 activate NAB2 transcription which is in turn repressed by NAB2, thus establishing a negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-253887 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256784 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT FST protein P19883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 15130492 f lperfetto "MyoD, CREB, and NFAT Mediate the Transcriptional Activation of the Follistatin Promoter Induced by TSA" SIGNOR-251727 GOPC protein Q9HD26 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21311563 t gcesareni "Npist binds beclin 1 by a ccd" SIGNOR-171896 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr707 DVYSTDYyRVGGHTM 9606 26214522 t Luana "Collectively, these data establish a direct enzyme-substrate interaction between PTP1B and phosphorylated Y705/706 (p-Y705/706) TRKB, the critical autophosphorylation sites that mediate BDNF-induced signaling.| Therefore, the data are consistent with a role of PTP1B as an inhibitor of BDNF/TRKB signaling" SIGNOR-264553 OS9 protein Q13438 UNIPROT TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17932042 t miannu "Here we report that OS-9, a ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein, interacts with the cytosolic N-terminal tail of TRPV4.Thus, OS-9 regulates the secretory transport of TRPV4 and appears to protect TRPV4 subunits from the precocious ubiquitination and ER-associated degradation. Our data suggest that OS-9 functions as an auxiliary protein for TRPV4 maturation." SIGNOR-261064 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ESPL1 protein Q14674 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1126 IAPSTNSsPVLKTKP 9606 11747808 t lperfetto "Both cdc2/cyclinb1 and mapk (erk2) efficiently phosphorylate separase at its major inhibitory site in vitro" SIGNOR-113126 NPNT protein Q6UXI9 UNIPROT Myoblast_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH98 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23612709 f miannu "The MEK5-dependent activation of ERK5 promotes binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of the genes encoding the transcription factors Klf2 and Klf4, leading to their increased abundance. Subsequently, Klf2 and Klf4 bind to the Npnt promoter and induce the production of nephronectin during myoblast fusion" SIGNOR-255458 HES5 protein Q5TA89 UNIPROT ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 30030829 f lperfetto "The basic-helixloop-helix factors HES1 and HES5 repress the expression of the proneural genes (Ascl1, Atoh1, Neurog1 and Neurog2) and thereby inhibit NSCs differentiation and neuron production" SIGNOR-265147 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10712517 t gcesareni "Using several complementary approaches, we investigated the formation of homomeric and heteromeric complexes between the two known bmp type i receptors (br-ia and br-ib) and the bmp type ii receptor (br-ii)." SIGNOR-75655 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 20022946 t lperfetto "These data suggest that mTORC1- and likely mTORC2-associated mTOR Ser-2481 autophosphorylation directly monitors intrinsic mTORC-specific catalytic activity" SIGNOR-235484 "Papain-like proteinase" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037311 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 25481026 t miannu "Here we show that PLpro also inhibits IRF3 activation at a step after phosphorylation and that this inhibition is dependent on the de-ubiquitination (DUB) activity of PLpro. We found that PLpro is able to block the type I IFN induction of a constitutively active IRF3, but does not inhibit IRF3 dimerization, nuclear localization or DNA binding. However, inhibition of PLpro’s DUB activity by mutagenesis blocked the IRF3 inhibition activity of PLpro, suggesting a role for IRF3 ubiquitination in induction of a type I IFN innate immune response." SIGNOR-260249 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 IDENCLLsPLAGEDD -1 9199329 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylate the rat glucocorticoid receptor in vitro at distinct sites that together correspond to the major phosphorylated receptor residues observed in vivo; MAPK phosphorylates receptor residues threonine 171 and serine 246, whereas multiple CDK complexes modify serines 224 and 232.|MAPKs and CDKs exert opposite effects on receptor transcriptional enhancement. From our results, we speculate that activators of the MAPK pathway, such as growth factors, insulin, and certain oncoproteins, or inhibitors of CDK function, such as tumor growth factor beta (TGF_), p21, and p27, might attenuate receptor-induced transcrip- tional responses. In contrast, negative regulators of MAPK, such as pKA, as well as activators of CDK, such as the cyclins or CAKs, should potentiate receptor action." SIGNOR-154409 HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257055 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT RCC1 protein P18754 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser11 KRIAKRRsPPADAIP 9606 BTO:0000007 19559616 t miannu "MST2 Phosphorylates RCC1 In Vitro and In Vivo. Using an antibody generated against phospho-S2/11 in RCC1 [18], we found that these two residues were also efficiently phosphorylated by MST1 and MST2 (Figure 2D), further supporting that S2 and/or S11 are genuine MST2 phosphorylation targets." SIGNOR-263145 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM47 protein Q96LD4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271001 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 21658387 t lperfetto "Lrrk2 directly phosphorylates akt1 as a possible physiological substrate. These data establish that lrrk2 can protect neurons from apoptotic insult through a survival pathway in which lrrk2 signals to activate akt. Lrrk2-mediated phosphorylation of akt1 (ser473)" SIGNOR-244410 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr207 TPPTLSStVLIVRNE 9606 BTO:0001938 12815053 t lperfetto "Plk1 interacts with BRCA2 in vivo, and mutation of Ser193, Ser205/206, and Thr203/207 to Ala in BR-N1 abolished Plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that BRCA2 is the substrate of Plk1. Furthermore, both the hyperphosphorylated and hypophosphorylated forms of BRCA2 bind to RAD51, whereas the M phase hyperphosphorylated form of BRCA2 no longer associates with the P/CAF, suggesting that the dissociation of P/CAF-BRCA2 complex is regulated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249221 bosutinib chemical CHEBI:39112 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190699 Crenolanib chemical CID:10366136 PUBCHEM PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191121 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser932 CDSGVETsFRKLSFT 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C13 11158290 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates p105 resulting in its degradation, which releases tpl2 resulting in activation of the pro-proliferative map kinase- pathway." SIGNOR-104811 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21047783 t miannu "Our genome-wide analysis confirmed the physiological roles of ASXL1 and ASXL2 in adipogenesis at the molecular level, supporting the hypothesis that ASXL1 is an authentic corepressor of PPARγ, whereas ASXL2 is a PPARγ coactivator, and that together ASXL1 and ASXL2 fine-tune adipogenesis via differential regulation of PPARγ. " SIGNOR-260064 CPSF3 protein Q9UKF6 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30507380 f lperfetto "Replication-dependent (RD) core histone mRNA produced during S-phase is the only known metazoan protein-coding mRNA presenting a 3' stem-loop instead of the otherwise universal polyA tail. A metallo β-lactamase (MBL) fold enzyme, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 73 (CPSF73), is proposed to be the sole endonuclease responsible for 3' end processing of both mRNA classes." SIGNOR-268337 HOXC6 protein P09630 UNIPROT S100B protein P04271 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002253 17488478 t Luana "HOXC6 and HOXC11 increase transcription of S100beta gene in BrdU-induced in vitro differentiation of GOTO neuroblastoma cells into Schwannian cells." SIGNOR-261646 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9694870 f lperfetto "Here we report the identification of Smad Binding Elements (SBEs) composed of the sequence CAGACA in the promoter of the JunB gene, an immediate early gene that is potently induced by TGF-beta, activin, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2. Two JunB SBEs are arranged as an inverted repeat that is transactivated in response to Smad3 and Smad4 co-overexpression and shows inducible binding of a Smad3- and Smad4-containing complex in nuclear extracts from TGF-beta-treated cells." SIGNOR-59476 MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19250911 t gcesareni "We performed glutathione s-transferase (gst) pull-down assays using extracts from hek293 cells overexpressing an ha-tagged nbr1(d50r) mutant, which lacks the ability to bind p62 (lamark et al., 2003) (figures s1a and s1b, available online), and gst fusions of six human atg8 homologs: gabarap, gabarapl1, gabarapl2, lc3a, lc3b, and lc3c. Indeed, nbr1 interacted with all these members of the mammalian atg8 protein family. downregulation of either lc3 or gabarap (or both) family members leads to stabilization and p62-dependent aggregation of nbr1." SIGNOR-184252 ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253192 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser325 PTTVNKRsVNVNAAS 33351100 t lperfetto "We found that PLK4-mediated phosphorylation of NEDD1 at its S325 amino acid residue directly promotes both NEDD1 binding to SAS-6 and recruiting SAS-6 to the centrosome. |Collectively, our results demonstrate that PLK4-regulated NEDD1 facilitates initiation of the cartwheel assembly and of daughter centriole biogenesis in mammals." SIGNOR-272996 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2E1 protein P51965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271325 ENDOG protein Q14249 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21210296 f gcesareni "Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane allows the leakage of at least five apoptotic mediators from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, such as cyt c, (diablo/diablo), htra2/omi, apoptosis-inducing factors (aif), and endonuclease g. Such modifications result in their activation and translocation to outer mitochondrial membrane (omm) which helps it to interact with multidomain pro-apototic members, bax/baklike proteins, leading to their oligomerization and formation of pore." SIGNOR-170972 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser780 STRPPTLsPIPHIPR 9606 SIGNOR-C18 23336272 t gcesareni "Cyclin d1 is known to activate cdk4, which then phosphorylates the rb protein, leading to cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-200483 PRKAB2 protein O43741 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16054041 t gcesareni "Gamma non-catalytic subunit mediates binding to amp, adp and atp, leading to activate or inhibit ampk: amp-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (prkaa1 or prkaa2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-139167 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT RLIM protein Q9NVW2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 23650532 t lperfetto "Thus, RLIM is a novel target of p53, and p53 exerts its inhibitory effect on RLIM expression by interfering with Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation on RLIM.|Although p53 does not directly bind to the RLIM promoter, it physically interacts with and prevents the binding of Sp1 to the RLIM promoter." SIGNOR-268980 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR MAML3 protein Q96JK9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12370315 t flangone "Genetic ablation or activation of the pathway reveals that Notch signalling promotes differentiation of the hair follicle, sebaceous gland and interfollicular epidermal lineages" SIGNOR-254346 PRPF19 protein Q9UMS4 UNIPROT RPA1 protein P27694 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 24332808 t miannu "PRP19 is a ubiquitin ligase involved in pre-mRNA splicing and the DNA damage response (DDR). PRP19 ubiquitylates RPA and promotes ATRIP recruitment." SIGNOR-272076 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT HOXB6 protein P17509 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser214 LLSASQLsAEEEEEK -1 10327653 t llicata "Using two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping and purified protein kinases, we demonstrate that Hoxb-6 is phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase II and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The casein kinase II phosphorylation site was mapped to serine-214. " SIGNOR-251071 ABCA7 protein Q8IZY2 UNIPROT Phagocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH97 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27472885 f miannu "Together these results indicate that ABCA7 mediates phagocytic clearance of amyloid-β in the brain, and reveal a mechanism by which loss of function of ABCA7 increases the susceptibility to AD." SIGNOR-265175 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT CDKL5 protein O76039 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20513142 f "Mutations in MEF2C from the 5q14.3q15 microdeletion syndrome region are a frequent cause of severe mental retardation and diminish MECP2 and CDKL5 expression|In these patients we found diminished MECP2 and CDKL5 expression in vivo, and transcriptional reporter assays indicated that MEF2C mutations diminish synergistic transactivation of E-box promoters including that of MECP2 and CDKL5." SIGNOR-254031 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser336 PGPQPPKsPGPHSEE 9606 BTO:0000567 12734188 t lperfetto "Here we present evidence that thr292 of hrad9 is subject to cdc2-dependent phosphorylation in mitosis. Furthermore, our data are also consistent with four other hrad9 phosphorylation sites (ser277, ser328, ser336, and thr355) being regulated in part by cdc2. We also identify ser387 as a novel site of hrad9 constitutive phosphorylation and show that phosphorylation at ser387 is a prerequisite for one form of dna damage-induced hyperphosphorylation of hrad9." SIGNOR-101051 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser166 SSRRRAIsETEENSD 9606 18467333 t gcesareni "Additionally, the pim kinases phosphorylate mdm2 in vitro and in cultured cells at ser166 and ser186, two previously identified targets of other signaling pathways, including akt." SIGNOR-178615 EXOSC10 protein Q01780 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261390 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser303 RGAPPRRsSIRNAHS 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89252 MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 7739551 t lperfetto "Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis." SIGNOR-238715 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser353 DSAIDTWsPSEWQMA 9606 11259409 t gcesareni "The current studies demonstrate the identification of hnrnp-k as a jnk and erk substrate. The phosphoacceptor sites for jnk and erk on the k protein are different, and indeed, erk phosphorylation results in biological consequences different from those of phosphorylation by jnk (49). Whereas erk phosphorylation on aa 284 and 353 contributes to k protein nuclear export and concomitant inhibition of rna translation (49), phosphorylation by k protein on aa 216 and 353 increases the transcriptional effects of the k protein." SIGNOR-105770 "Translation release factor ERF1-ERF3" complex SIGNOR-C494 SIGNOR "protein polypeptide chain" smallmolecule CHEBI:16541 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29735640 t miannu "Termination of mRNA translation occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome, and in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a ternary eRF1/eRF3–guanosine triphosphate (GTP) complex. eRF1 recognizes the stop codon, and after hydrolysis of GTP by eRF3, mediates release of the nascent peptide. " SIGNOR-270818 FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257371 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT PCP4 protein P48539 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001011 19381306 t miannu "RORα regulates the expression of several genes in Purkinje cells. RORα becomes highly expressed in postmitotic Purkinje cells. It regulates their maturation, particularly dendritic differentiation. Dendritogenesis and the expression of several genes, including Shh, Itpr1, Pcp4, Calb1, Pcp2, and Slc1a6, normally expressed in mature Purkinje cells, are inhibited in RORα-deficient mice." SIGNOR-266848 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1054 FGLARDIyKDPDYVR -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254707 MTR protein Q99707 UNIPROT methionine smallmolecule CHEBI:16811 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10520212 t lperfetto "Methionine synthase is a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme that catalyses the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Therefore, defects in this enzyme may result in elevated homocysteine levels." SIGNOR-253143 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258368 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR Mitotic_checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH28 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25092294 f miannu "We then found that the joint action of TRIP13 and p31comet also promotes MCC disassembly, releases APC/C from checkpoint inhibition, and inactivates the mitotic checkpoint." SIGNOR-265978 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination Lys519 DYPRQSIkETPCWIE 9606 19135894 t gcesareni "Smad4 is monoubiquitinated in lysine 519 in vivo, a modification that inhibits smad4 by impeding association with phospho-smad2. Fam reverts this negative modification, re-empowering smad4 function;control of smad4 is a good way to regulate bone formation. Fam and ectodermin/tif1gamma (ecto) were reported to respectively regulate the de-ubiquitination and ubiquitination of smad4." SIGNOR-183285 TAF5L protein O75529 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269586 GABRG2 protein P18507 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263764 9-(1-Methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-[1-(1-oxoprop-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]-2-benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridinone chemical CID:71748056 PUBCHEM TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24556163 t miannu "This analysis revealed that QL47 also potently inhibits BMX with an IC50 of 6.7 nM but impressively displays more than 100-fold selectivity against EGFR, HER2, JAK3, BLK, TEC, and ITK that possess an equivalently placed cysteine" SIGNOR-262235 tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29167 ChEBI Cys-tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29152 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11347887 t miannu "Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the addition of cysteine to its cognate tRNA. Here we report the isolation of a fulllength cDNA that encodes a protein of 748 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence shows considerable similarity to other eukaryotic cysteinyltRNA synthetases in the carboxylterminus. Expression of the fulllength and alternative forms of the enzyme in E. coli generated functional proteins that were active in aminoacylation of human cytoplasmic tRNA with cysteine." SIGNOR-270475 DLL3 protein Q9NYJ7 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16140393 t lperfetto "Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate choice during development with Delta and Jagged constituting the two evolutionary conserved families of Notch ligands. These ligands are transmembrane proteins with conserved biochemical structure that share their receptors and signal through a common mechanism. Upon ligand binding Notch receptors are proteoliticaly cleaved, the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) is released and translocated to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. In mammals, four receptors and five ligands have been described. Delta-1, Delta-3 and Delta-4 are homologues to Drosophila Delta and Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 to Drosophila Serrate." SIGNOR-209738 ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001976 18065414 f lperfetto "The induction of MTHFR was also observed after overexpression of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) and was inhibited by a dominant-negative mutant of IRE1. Because IRE1 triggers c-Jun signaling, we examined the possible involvement of c-Jun in up-regulation of MTHFR. Transfection of c-Jun and two activators of c-Jun (LiCl and sodium valproate) increased MTHFR expression" SIGNOR-253146 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser38 LGPGTRLsLARMPPP -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. The sites phosphorylated by aurora-b;thr-7/ser-13/ser-38 of gfap, and thr-16 of desmin are common with those related to rho-associated kinase (rho-kinase), which has been reported to phosphorylate gfap and desmin at cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We identified ser-59 of desmin to be a specific site phosphorylated by aurora-b in vitro." SIGNOR-100169 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CRY2 protein Q49AN0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17463251 t miannu " We found that both Cry1 and Cry2 proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded via the SCF(Fbxl3) ubiquitin ligase complex. This regulation by SCF(Fbxl3) is a prerequisite for the efficient and timely reactivation of Clock-Bmal1 and the consequent expression of Per1 and Per2, two regulators of the circadian clock that display tumor suppressor activity. HEK293T cells were transfected with Cry2, Skp1, Cul1, and Roc1 in the absence or presence of either FLAG-tagged Fbxl3 or a FLAG-tagged Fbxl3(ΔF-box) mutant. Fbxl3, but not an inactive Fbxl3(ΔF-box) mutant (4), induced the ubiquitination of Cry2 (Fig. 2D), which supports the notion that the effect of Fbxl3 on Cry2 is direct." SIGNOR-271650 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HECW1 protein Q76N89 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271302 CENPH protein Q9H3R5 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265198 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr208 TFGNKLDtFCGSPPY 9606 14976552 t lperfetto "Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1we recently demonstrated that the lkb1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase strad and the scaffolding protein mo25, phosphorylates and activates amp-activated protein kinase (ampk). A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold" SIGNOR-122628 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270415 ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257190 "Nucleosome_H3.3 variant" complex SIGNOR-C339 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15776021 f miannu "Variant histone H3.3 is incorporated into nucleosomes by a mechanism that does not require DNA replication and has also been implicated as a potential mediator of epigenetic memory of active transcriptional states." SIGNOR-263878 WDR48 protein Q8TAF3 UNIPROT USP1 protein O94782 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18082604 t lperfetto "In vitro reconstitution of USP1 deubiquitinating enzyme activity, using either ubiquitin-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Ub-AMC) or purified monoubiquitinated FANCD2 protein as substrates, demonstrates that UAF1 functions as an activator of USP1. UAF1 binding increases the catalytic turnover (kcat) but does not increase the affinity of the USP1 enzyme for the substrate (KM)." SIGNOR-263274 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT HSPA1B protein P0DMV9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 19486887 f miannu "The results showed overexpression of Foxa1 promoted the expression of HSP72, while Foxa1 depletion, induced by antisense oligonucleotides, decreased the expression of HSP72 in MCF-7 cells under normal and heat stress condition." SIGNOR-254165 PBRM1 protein Q86U86 UNIPROT S100A13 protein Q99584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000562 15601824 f miannu "We found that baf180 deficiency leads to a decreased expression of select target genes, such as s100a13 and ra targets rar_2 and crabpii in heart tissues." SIGNOR-132431 lofepramine chemical CHEBI:47782 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "At the human norepinephrine transporter, among the antidepressants desipramine was the most potent with a KD=0.83±0.05 nM. All the tetracyclic antidepressants, except mirtazapine, which is a structural analog of mianserin, were more potent at the norepinephrine transporter than at the serotonin transporter. Tomoxetine, considered from animal data to be very selective for the norepinephrine transporter, had high affinity for the human norepinephrine transporter (KD=2.03±0.06 nM). However, at the human serotonin transporter, tomoxetine was nearly as potent and close to that for dothiepin and venlafaxine. Venlafaxine, considered a serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was very weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. Its KD value was 5× less that than for norepinephrine. All of the serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, with the exception of paroxetine, were also weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. " SIGNOR-258881 RLF protein Q13129 UNIPROT RIT1 protein Q92963 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10545207 t miannu "Rit and Rin were found to interact with the known Ras binding proteins RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6/Canoe. These interactions were GTP and effector domain dependent and suggest that RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6 are Rit and Rin effectors." SIGNOR-220799 INO80B protein Q9C086 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270846 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RAD17 protein O75943 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser646 ETWSLPLsQNSASEL 9606 10608806 t lperfetto "We determined a general phosphorylation consensus sequence for atm and identified putative in vitro targets by using glutathione s-transferase peptides as substrates. Putative atm in vitro targets include p95/nibrin, mre11, brca1, rad17, pts, wrn, and atm (s440) itself." SIGNOR-73520 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT COL10A1 protein Q03692 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21931594 f Regulation miannu "Egr-1 induced a time-dependent ECM gene expression program, with the number of ECM genes increasing >2.5-fold (from 16 to 41) between 24 and 48 h. Genes in this group include those coding for multiple collagens (COL4A1, COL4A2, COL11A1, COL7A1, COL10A1)" SIGNOR-251921 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10523830 f irozzo "Our results suggest that Spi-1 and GATA-1 might play a key role in the regulation of Fli-1. Most notably, we observed that the GATA/EBS dual element near the Fli-1 CAP sites had an enhancer activity in HEL cells. Spi-1 and GATA-1 were both found to bind to this sequence and hence both factors could represent potential regulators of Fli-1 expression." SIGNOR-256053 TNK2 protein Q07912 UNIPROT SNX9 protein Q9Y5X1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16316319 t gcesareni "We have previously shown that sh3px1, phosphorylated by ack2 (activated cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase 2), regulates the degradation of egf (epidermal growth factor) receptor." SIGNOR-142569 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser168 QGGGAFFsPSPGSSS 9606 11997522 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of nfatc4 by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinasesthe p38 map kinase phosphorylates multiple residues, including ser(168) and ser(170), in the nfat homology domain of nfatc4. Replacement of ser(168,170) with ala promotes nuclear localization of nfatc4 and increases nfat-mediated transcription activity." SIGNOR-87393 CPSF6 protein Q16630 UNIPROT "CFI complex" complex SIGNOR-C388 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 8626397 t lperfetto "We report here the purification of CF Im from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Three polypeptides of 68, 59, and 25 kDa copurified with CF Im activity." SIGNOR-266123 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000161 15514113 f miannu "We previously demonstrated that serum response factor (SRF), a critical smooth muscle transcription factor, is highly expressed in LAM cells. Here we show that a high SRF level alters the plasminogen (Plg) system. Specifically, overexpression of SRF in human lung fibroblasts upregulated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its substrate Plg, whereas it downregulated plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1." SIGNOR-255228 URB597 chemical CID:1383884 PUBCHEM FAAH protein O00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207615 glutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57378 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271812 TBX2 protein Q13207 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 24470334 t "We have found that TBX2 is highly up regulated in both ERMS and ARMS subtypes of RMS and demonstrate that TBX2 is a repressor of myogenesis by binding to MyoD and myogenin and inhibiting their activity." SIGNOR-251561 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271191 MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT PIH1D1 protein Q9NWS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Ser688;Ser689;Ser561;Ser558 SKGVDFEsSEDDDDD;KGVDFESsEDDDDDP;MANDSDDsISAATNK;AEQMANDsDDSISAA 28436950 t miannu "Here we show that MRE11 directly interacts with PIH1D1, a subunit of heat-shock protein 90 cochaperone R2TP complex, which is required for the assembly of large protein complexes, such as RNA polymerase II, small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. The MRE11-PIH1D1 interaction is dependent on casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation of two acidic sequences within the MRE11 C terminus containing serines 558/561 and 688/689." SIGNOR-265898 RALA protein P11233 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr455 ALGTPVLtPPTEAAS 10090 11689711 t gcesareni "We conclude that Ral-mediated phosphorylation of threonines 447 and 451 is required for proper activity of AFX-WT." SIGNOR-249665 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser639 YMPMSPKsVSAPQQI 10090 15306821 t lperfetto "Nevertheless, s6k1-deficient mice remain sensitive to insulin owing to the apparent loss of a negative feedback loop from s6k1 to insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs1), which blunts s307 and s636/s639 phosphorylation; thus under conditions of nutrient satiation s6k1 negatively regulatesinsulin." SIGNOR-127203 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18676376 f gcesareni "€ provide a novel transcriptional paradigm for the first steps of myogenesis, where a calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway regulates myogenin induction in cooperation with MyoD during myogenesis." SIGNOR-235006 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257453 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7310 ADPKKSAsRPGSRAG 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264430 "1-[2-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxyethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:92744 ChEBI SLC6A1 protein P30531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7851497 t miannu "Recently, a number of lipophilic GABA transport inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, which are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier, and which display anticonvulsive activity. We have now determined the potency of four of these compounds, SK&F 89976-A (N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid), tiagabine ((R)-1-[4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl]-3- piperidencarboxylic acid), CI-966 ([1-[2-[bis 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]ethyl]-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid), and NNC-711 (1-(2-(((diphenylmethylene)amino)oxy)ethyl)-1,2,4,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride), at each of the four cloned GABA transporters, and find them to be highly selective for GAT-1." SIGNOR-258479 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI RET protein P07949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259229 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-192898 L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11863375 t miannu "Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate, and thereby has a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Two ALT isoenzymes are known to exist, but only one ALT gene has been cloned, GPT. In this study, we cloned a homolog of GPT and named it GPT2, and the corresponding protein ALT2" SIGNOR-266924 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser326 SARKRSAsADNLTLP 9606 32723157 t lperfetto "Our in vitro and cellular analyses supported the mass spectrometry data that implicated serine 326 (S326) as the phospho-acceptor site on CCNY by AMPK. |Mechanistically the S326 phosphorylation by AMPK promotes the interaction of CCNY with CDK16, which in turn autophosphorylates S336, which serves as a marker for active CCNY-CDK16" SIGNOR-273001 mifepristone chemical CHEBI:50692 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000318 9727070 t miannu "As shown in Fig. 4 A, hPXR was activated by the synthetic steroids dexamethasone, dexamethasone-t-butylacetate, PCN, RU486, spironolactone, and cyproterone-acetate. Dexamethasone-t-butylacetate and RU486 were the most efficacious activators of hPXR among the synthetic steroids tested." SIGNOR-258829 CyclinE1/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C546 SIGNOR LIN9 protein Q5TKA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr96 KFTATMStPDKKASQ 9606 BTO:0002181 24475316 t lperfetto "In this report, we demonstrate that cyclin e1/cdk3 phosphorylates lin-9 on thr-96. Mutating thr-96 to alanine inhibits activation of cyclins a2 and b1 promoters, whereas a phosphomimetic asp mutant strongly activates their promoters and triggers accelerated entry into g2/m phase in 293t cells." SIGNOR-273184 CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256686 DOCK7 protein Q96N67 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0000132 29187380 t lperfetto "As a GEF, Dock7 exchanges GDP for GTP on Cdc42 and Rac1, causing their activation, followed by activation of downstream effectors, including the dephosphorylation (activation) of cofilin, a key regulator of actin turnover." SIGNOR-261886 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1120 QPLNPAPsRDPHYQD 9606 BTO:0000007 10347170 t llicata " We show that serines 1046/1047 are sites for CaM kinase II phosphorylation, although there is a preference for serine 1047, which resides within the consensus -R-X-X-S-. In addition, we have identified major phosphorylation sites at serine 1142 and serine 1057, which lie within a novel -S-X-D- consensus. Mutation of serines 1046/1047 in full-length EGFR enhanced both fibroblast transformation and tyrosine autokinase activity that was significantly potentiated by additional mutation of serines 1057 and 1142. A single CaM kinase II site was also identified at serine 744 within sub-kinase domain III, and autokinase activity was significantly affected by mutation of this serine to an aspartic acid making this site appear constitutively phosphorylated. We have addressed the mechanism by which CaM kinase II phosphorylation of the EGFR might regulate receptor autokinase activity and show that this modification can hinder association of the cytoplasmic tail with the kinase domain to prevent an enzyme-substrate interaction. " SIGNOR-250623 "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 24130457 f lperfetto "AP-2 is the core-organizing element in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. During the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles, clathrin and endocytic accessory proteins interact with AP-2 in a temporally and spatially controlled manner" SIGNOR-260705 CHD4 protein Q14839 UNIPROT CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000776 23071088 f lperfetto "However, NuRD complexes greatly reduce activation of the B cell-specific mb-1 (Cd79a) gene by the transcription factors EBF1 and Pax5|We conclude that repressive functions of MBD2-containing NuRD complexes are dependent on cooperative interactions between the major domains of CHD4 with histones and DNA and on binding of methylated DNA by MBD2." SIGNOR-254090 tacedinaline chemical CHEBI:90195 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258009 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser483 IRRPRNYsVGSRPLK 9606 BTO:0000567 12853467 t "14-3-3s bind directly to cardiac PFK-2 phosphorylated by PKB. PFK-2 was phosphorylated on both Ser466 and Ser483 by PKB. the precise mechanism of fru-2,6-P2 regulation by 14-3-3s is still puzzling." SIGNOR-251485 REN protein P00797 UNIPROT ATP6AP2 protein O75787 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671;BTO:0001260 12045255 t gcesareni "We report the expression cloning of the human renin receptor complementary dna encoding a 350-amino acid protein with a single transmembrane domain and no homology with any known membrane protein. Transfected cells stably expressing the receptor showed renin- and prorenin-specific binding. The binding of renin induced a fourfold increase of the catalytic efficiency of angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin i and induced an intracellular signal with phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues associated to an activation of map kinases erk1 and erk2" SIGNOR-88416 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT CFI protein P05156 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10630630 f miannu "The production of CFI by Hep G2 cells was enhanced in a dose- and time-dependent fashion by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-1,2-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a potent PKC activator. The enhancement of the activity of transfected chimeric CAT constructs by TPA was abrogated by calphostin C and by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (an inhibitor of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transactivation). These results indicate that TPA regulation of CFI gene requires PKC signalling and is mediated by via a TPA response element (TRE) in the CFI promoter region located at -136/-130 and involves the transactivation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors" SIGNOR-254787 PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding -1 1322907 t lperfetto "We have purified two of these nuclear inhibitors of PP-1 (NIPP-1a and NIPP-1b) until homogeneity." SIGNOR-264673 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C6 12419246 t gcesareni "Thus, Ski/SnoN represses TGFβ signaling by multiple mechanisms. In addition to recruitment of a transcriptional repressor complex and dissociation of the transcriptional coactivator p300/CBP from the Smads" SIGNOR-95462 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine chemical CHEBI:50131 ChEBI DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 14585280 t miannu "Both Azacitidine and Decitabine may also exert antitumor activity through induction of DNA hypomethylation, by forming a covalent complex with the major DNA methyltransferase (now termed DNMT1).Azacitidine and Decitabine effectively deplete the cell of functional DNA methylating activity, which results in profound hypomethylation after several rounds of DNA replication (Fig. 2). DNMT1 is considered a bona fide anticancer target at different levels" SIGNOR-259294 MCU_MICU2_variant complex SIGNOR-C502 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270878 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK 9606 8939605 t gcesareni "The shc adaptor protein is highly phosphorylated at conserved, twin tyrosine residues (y239/240) that mediate protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-44361 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser328 QDAYRRNsVRFLQQR 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89272 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR TRAF1 protein Q13077 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002748 25996949 t miannu "LUBAC attaches M1-pUb chains to LMP1/TRAF1 complexes, which recruits the IKK complex.we found that LMP1 TES1 domain signaling induced an association between TRAF1 and the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), and stimulated linear (M1)-linked polyubiquitin chain attachment to TRAF1 complexes." SIGNOR-272435 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 9606 23603988 t gcesareni "We recently demonstrated that through their physical interaction, cdk9 phosphorylates p53 on ser-392, leading to p53 stability and accumulation" SIGNOR-201931 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 14701738 t miannu "Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels by Gem requires GTP and calmodulin binding, but not phosphorylation of serine 261 or 289. Calmodulin binding in the C-terminal extension of Gem is required for maximal inhibition of HVA Ca2+ channels by ectopically expressed Gem, as determined by measurement of electrical activity in primary neurons and by Ca2+-evoked secretion in PC12 cells." SIGNOR-266341 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT MED12 protein Q93074 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17000779 t gcesareni "We propose that activated gli3 physically targets med12 in mediator to reverse mediator-dependent suppression of shh target gene (i.e., Gli1 or cyclin d1) transcription." SIGNOR-149876 NOXO1 protein Q8NFA2 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 20943948 t lperfetto "Tks4 and Tks5 bind NoxA1 through their SH3 domains in a Rac-independent manner|NoxO1 is required for full Nox1 and Nox3 oxidase activity at least partially because of its role in the plasma membrane recruitment of the NoxA1 activator protein|Tks4 and Tks5 support Nox1- and Nox3-dependent ROS generation" SIGNOR-264709 N2,N4-Dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine chemical CID:676352 PUBCHEM VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21383145 t Monia "DBeQ (1) is a reversible and selective inhibitor of p97" SIGNOR-261100 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 15378002 t flangone "Vrk1 phosphorylates c-jun in ser63 and ser73 in vitro...VRK1 Activates c-jun dependent transcription" SIGNOR-127073 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser523 GVSDVPTsPTLQRPT 9534 BTO:0004055 16705159 t "16705160:the phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser523 inhibits Jak2 activity and represents a novel mechanism for the regulation of Jak2-dependent cytokine signaling." lperfetto "We hypothesize that phosphorylation of ser523 in jak2 by erks 1 and/or 2 or other as-yet-unidentified kinases acts in a negative feedback manner" SIGNOR-244553 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-176376 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT ESRRG protein P62508 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11705994 f gcesareni "The current study also demonstrates that shp inhibits err_ transactivation." SIGNOR-111620 CAMK1G protein Q96NX5 UNIPROT EIF4G3 protein O43432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1156 NTFMRGGsSKDLLDN 9606 22514323 t lperfetto "Here we report that activity-dependent translational initiation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons is enhanced by camki-mediated phosphorylation of ser1156 in eukaryotic initiation factor eif4gii (4gii)." SIGNOR-197149 KRT14 protein P02533 UNIPROT TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11684708 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "TRADD specifically bound K18 and K14, type I (acidic) keratins. it is possible that epidermal K14 may function as an inhibitor of TNF–TNFR1 signaling through an association with TRADD." SIGNOR-251907 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1893 PANLDSEsEHFFRCC 9606 21149446 t gcesareni "In human cells, the activation process involves autophosphorylation on three sites (ser367, ser1893, and ser1981) and acetylation on lys3016. We now describe the identification of a new atm phosphorylation site, thr(p)1885 and an additional autophosphorylation site, ser(p)2996, that is highly dna damage-inducible." SIGNOR-170465 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT GALT protein P07902 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000975 17975019 f miannu "Our finding that FOXO3 regulates the expression of Galt and enhances its transcriptional activity indicates that it is the repression of FOXO3 by PRL acting through RS that prevents Galt expression in the ovary and causes follicular death." SIGNOR-254186 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT VAV2 protein P52735 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr172 EDGGDDIyEDIIKVE 9606 12454019 t miannu "To understand the mechanism of egf-dependent vav2 activation, we examined first the egf-dependent phosphorylation sites on vav2 and the nature of interaction of vav2 with the activated egf receptor. Based on our in vitro and in vivo data all three tyrosine residues (142, 159, and 172) in the n-terminal domain of vav2 can be phosphorylated by the egf receptor." SIGNOR-95980 GXYLT2 protein A0PJZ3 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 22117070 t "Xylosylation in ER membrane." gcesareni "Recently, we have shown (28) that two members of the human glycosyltransferase 8 family (gt8) (29), gxylt1 and gxylt2 (glucoside-xylosyltransferase 1/2), are able to transfer the first alfa1,3-linked xylose to o-glucosylated mammalian notch egf repeats." SIGNOR-254314 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT AQP4 protein P55087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 AAQQTKGsYMEVEDN 9615 BTO:0000837 11742978 t llicata "We found that the stress-induced kinase casein kinase (CK)II phosphorylates the Ser276 immediately preceding the tyrosine motif, increasing AQP4-mu 3A interaction and enhancing AQP4-lysosomal targeting and degradation. | To determine whether Ser276 is an actual CKII substrate, we used GST–AQP4‐Cter proteins in which only one out of the three C‐terminal CKII consensus sites was sequentially conserved (Ser276, Ser285 and Ser315, respectively). Figure 7B (right panel) shows that the three serine residues, including Ser276, were indeed efficiently phosphorylated by CKII." SIGNOR-250974 KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 23817177 t irozzo "RUNX1 wild-type protein first binds to the PU.1 URE region and recruits the MLL complex to open up part of the compact chromatin structure. The partially relaxed chromatin allows the binding of another RUNX1 at the PU.1 promoter region to further distort compact DNA structure. The relaxed form of chromatin facilitates the accumulation of transcription factors and cofactors to initiate transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-255708 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21576360 t "When IFN-γ binds to its receptor, the receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinases Janus kinase I (JAK1) and JAK2 are activated (37). This leads to the phosphorylation of STAT1, which then dimerizes, translocates to the nucleus, and activates its target promoters, including the pIV promoter of Ciita" SIGNOR-256247 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT LZTR1 protein Q8N653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31337872 t Gianni "Leucine zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1 (LZTR1) encodes a member of the BTB-Kelch superfamily, which interacts with the Cullin3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-269070 CTDNEP1 protein O95476 UNIPROT LPIN1 protein Q14693 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser106 IPMHLATsPILSEGA 9606 BTO:0001131 17420445 t "Dullard significantly dephosphorylates mouse lipin 1b only in BHK cells (Fig. 5A). This is most clearly seen by using the antibody prepared against the phosphorylation site Ser-106.|Dephosphorylation of lipin results in its translocation to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum membranes from the cytosol and generation of diacylglycerol" SIGNOR-248346 MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" BTO:0001103 7532173 f "Simone Vumbaca" "Finally, MRF4 may be responsible for the final myogenic events of the fully differentiated myofiber" SIGNOR-255645 NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 12821652 f miannu "Mutations of the 5' or 3' half-sites of the response element totally abrogated PPARgamma binding and transcriptional activation, identifying this site as a novel type of functional PPARgamma response element. Finally, ectopic expression of Rev-Erbalpha in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes potentiated adipocyte differentiation induced by the PPARgamma ligand rosiglitazone. These results identify Rev-Erbalpha as a target gene of PPARgamma in adipose tissue and demonstrate a role for this nuclear receptor as a promoter of adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-268023 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Ile1512 KEFNPLViVGLSKDG -1 9242537 t lperfetto "Human neutrophil elastase activates human factor V but inactivates thrombin-activated human factor V|NH2-terminal sequence analysis of F.V treated with HNE indicated cleavage at Ile819 and Ile1484 under conditions during which the procofactor expressed enhanced cofactor activity in the prothrombinase complex." SIGNOR-263633 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 1715686 t gcesareni "Dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated insulin and epidermal-growth-factor receptors by two major subtypes of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase from human placenta." SIGNOR-21307 HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT GADD45A protein P24522 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 17174306 f lperfetto "In the present study, we show that hnRNP-U specifically enhances the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA by increasing its stability, possibly through binding to the 3' untranslated region. We also show that hnRNP-U enhances the expression of several other genes as well, including GADD45A, HEXIM1, HOXA2, IER3, NHLH2, and ZFY, by binding to and stabilizing these mRNAs." SIGNOR-262282 C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "C3 convertase complex (C3bBb)" complex SIGNOR-C314 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000089 cleavage:Arg748 ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 26489954 t "complement C3b fragment: PRO_0000005911" lperfetto "Surface‐associated C3b recruits FB, which leads to FB activation and the formation of C3bBb, the AP C3 convertase, which cleaves more C3 and amplifies complement activation. In addition to the surface‐bound C3 convertase, a fluid‐phase convertase can be formed by association of water‐reacted C3, termed C3(H20), to FB thus constantly maintaining a low level of complement activation in solution (tick‐over)" SIGNOR-263485 GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "As pka suppresses the activity of gli, smo might use the stimulation of pi3k by galfai and gbetagamma subu- nits to block pka in cells that have high levels of camp." SIGNOR-152615 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002882 15650056 f "AML-typical Flt3 mutations induce the expression of Frizzled-4 on the mRNA and protein level, mimicking the effects of IL-3." SIGNOR-261533 NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR Nuclear_pore_function phenotype SIGNOR-PH130 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 9660920 f miannu "Exportin-t Is Predominantly Nuclear, Binds NPCs, and Shuttles Rapidly between Nucleus and Cytoplasm. RanGTP appears to have at least two functions in this complex. First, it stabilizes the tRNA/exportin-t interaction (see Figure 4B). Second, exportin-t apparently has to bind RanGTP for rapid exit from the nucleus . RanGTP causing a conformational change in exportin-t, which increases the affinity for export sites at the NPC. Exportin-t probably makes a direct contact to the NPC and accounts for the interactions that drive translocation of the tRNA/exportin-t/RanGTP complex out of the nucleus." SIGNOR-261395 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 LTSVSRGsSLKILSK 9606 10521508 t Manara "Therefore, internalization of CXCR4 in response to PMA appears to be mediated by activation of protein kinase C | However, mutation of the dileucine motif or the serines at positions 324, 325, 338, and 339 profoundly decreased internalization." SIGNOR-260898 RYBP protein Q8N488 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8943360 t gcesareni "We identified a novel protein, aap1 (abl-associated protein 1), that associates with these c-abl domains and fails to bind to the sh3 domain in the activated oncoprotein bcrabl. we conclude that aap1 inhibits c-abl tyrosine kinase activity" SIGNOR-45325 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MKNK2 protein Q9HBH9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9155017 t gcesareni "We have identified a new subfamily of murine serine/threonine kinases, whose members, map kinase-interacting kinase 1 (mnk1) and mnk2, bind tightly to the growth factor-regulated map kinases, erk1 and erk2erk and p38 phosphorylate mnk1 and mnk2, which stimulates their in vitro kinase activity" SIGNOR-48338 EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23584478 t lperfetto "The rate-limiting factor for translation is eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which is negatively regulated by eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1)." SIGNOR-167176 CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 19436055 t miannu "As a consequence of Jak2 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of Œ≤c, Src homology 2 and phosphotyrosine binding domain proteins are recruited to the active receptor and initiate the major tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways, including the Jak/signal transducer and activator of transcription, Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI-3) kinase pathways" SIGNOR-255585 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMD7 protein P51665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28559284 t lperfetto "Our experiments collectively suggest that UBE3A stimulates Wnt pathway activation by interacting with, ubiquitinating, and reducing the levels of multiple (PSMB1, PSMC2, PSMD2, and PSMD7) proteasome subunits." SIGNOR-265134 DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21883093 t miannu "In the present study, we indentified the SG marker PABP1 [poly(A)-binding protein 1] as another direct interaction partner of DDX3. Interestingly, down-regulation of DDX3 interfered with SG assembly, led to nuclear accumulation of PABP1 and reduced cell viability following stress. Conversely, supplementation with a shRNA (short hairpin RNA)-resistant DDX3 restored SG formation, the translocation of PABP1 into SGs and cell survival." SIGNOR-269194 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA8 protein Q9Y5G5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265680 FGF18 protein O76093 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8663044 t tpavlidou "Fgfs bind and activate high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinases. The cloning of fgf receptors (fgfrs) has identified four distinct genes" SIGNOR-42368 PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser4 sQKHRDFV 9606 24265311 t lperfetto "Herein, we demonstrate we demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain. We have identified the major phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation of ser-4 to be protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-203281 AT9283 chemical CID:11696609 PUBCHEM JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190020 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr375 GRGARGGtRGGRGRI 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249257 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 21544813 f lperfetto "Screening by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and PCR arrays revealed that cyclin E1, CDK2, Fos and Jun were negatively regulated by ARNT, whereas CDKN1C, CNKN2A, CDKN2B, MAPK11 and MAPK14 were positively regulated in HCC" SIGNOR-253697 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser350 ERQASLAsPSLRTSH 10090 BTO:0000942 32047117 t lperfetto "Cdk5 phosphorylates the 5-HT6R on serine 350 (Ser350)|This suggests that the 5-HT6R is unable to interact with GPRIN1 when it is phosphorylated by Cdk5." SIGNOR-264407 MLLT11 protein Q13015 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0003295 21715312 f irozzo "Our results indicate that AF1q cooperates with the Notch signaling pathway to foster the emergence of BM prothymocytes and drive subsequent intrathymic specification toward the T-cell lineage." SIGNOR-259201 ELOVL5 protein Q9NYP7 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267891 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258410 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT Monocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH101 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001412 1864967 f irozzo "Finally, we demonstrate that dexamethasone, an inhibitor of monocytic differentiation, blocks the associated increases in EGR-1 and EGR-2 expression. Taken together, the results indicate that the EGR-1 and EGR-2 early response genes are involved in the induction of myeloid leukemia cell differentiation along the monocytic lineage and in the activation of human monocytes." SIGNOR-256088 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr926 LDIPTGTtPQRKSYL 9606 9235942 t lperfetto "The kinesin-related motor hseg5 is essential for centrosome separation, and its association with centrosomes appears to be regulated by phosphorylation of tail residue threonine 927 by the p34(cdc2) protein kinase.Phosphorylation also enhanced the specific binding of p150(glued) to the tail domain of hseg5 in vitro" SIGNOR-50169 BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements." SIGNOR-267967 TMLHE protein Q9NVH6 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11431483 t miannu "Epsilon-N-Trimethyllysine hydroxylase (EC ) is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of l-carnitine and catalyzes the formation of beta-hydroxy-N-epsilon-trimethyllysine from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine, a reaction dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe(2+), and oxygen." SIGNOR-269682 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23303449 f irozzo "Our findings suggest an important role of CtBP1 in the transcriptional control of p16INK4a and Brca1[.]. Additionally, the inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs), p16INK4a, whose loss has been related to the pathogenesis of melanoma, was repressed by CtBP1 as well." SIGNOR-259195 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF44 protein Q7L0R7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271180 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10497253 t lperfetto "Cotransfection experiments suggested that tao2 selectively activates mek3 and mek6 but not meks 1, 4, or 7." SIGNOR-70950 1-[2-chloro-4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolinyl)oxy]phenyl]-3-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea chemical CHEBI:91327 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207296 ARHGAP22 protein Q7Z5H3 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260478 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT HHIP protein Q96QV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 16571352 f lperfetto "Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts responded to Shh stimulation with the induction of Hh target genes Gli1, Ptc1, and Hip1.These observations support the previously advanced notion of a functional redundancy or cooperativity between Gli2 and Gli1 in activation of target genes [18] and [43] and indicate a functional cooperation between Gli3 and Gli1." SIGNOR-209623 DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr877 LDIDETEyHADGGKV 9606 BTO:0002552 21262974 t "Expression of VHR inhibited the activation of phospholipase Cγ and protein kinase C, both downstream effectors of Tyr-992 phosphorylation of EGFR. | We found that VHR decreased ErbB2 phosphorylation in vitro and in a cellular context, and the dephosphorylation of ErbB2 was more evident at Tyr-877 and Tyr-1221 than those at Tyr-1139 and Tyr-1248 (supplemental Fig. S1). Our data indicated that VHR was a cellular PTP against EGFR and ErbB2." SIGNOR-248533 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161553 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14625384 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-119221 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR SLC12A1 protein Q13621 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser122 YRNTGSIsGPKVNRP 10090 BTO:0003946 17341212 t miannu "In the present study, we demonstrate that the metabolic sensing kinase AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) phosphorylates NKCC2 on Ser126 in vitro. Activation of AMPK in the MMDD1 (mouse macula densa-derived 1) cell line resulted in an increase in Ser126 phosphorylation in situ, suggesting that AMPK may phosphorylate NKCC2 in vivo. The functional significance of Ser126 phosphorylation was examined by mutating the serine residue to an alanine residue resulting in a marked reduction in co-transporter activity when exogenously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes under isotonic conditions." SIGNOR-263103 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser425 TKGSGLGsPTSSFNS 9606 18204439 t lperfetto "Here, we show that erk downregulates forkhead box o 3a (foxo3a) by directly interacting with and phosphorylating foxo3a at ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425, which consequently promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesisMDM2 is required for ERk-mediated FOXO3a degradation." SIGNOR-160415 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GMFB protein P60983 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser53 DEELEGIsPDELKDE -1 9030586 t lperfetto "Using synthetic peptide fragments containing putative phosphorylation sites of GMF, we demonstrate that PKA is capable of phosphorylating threonine 26 and serine 82, whereas PKC, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase, and casein kinase II, can phosphorylate serine 71, threonine 26, and serine 52, respectively." SIGNOR-248960 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20974802 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6. External stimuli, which control the activity of mapks, such as phorbol esters and fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) control the choice of the lrp6-ppps/tp kinase and regulate the amplitude of lrp6 phosphorylation and wnt/beta-catenin-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-269929 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr88 KGSLPEFyYRPPRPP 9606 BTO:0000150 17254967 t lperfetto "Src regulates p27 stability through phosphorylation of p27 at tyrosine 74 and tyrosine 88. Our data indicate that phosphorylation by src impairs the cdk2 inhibitory action of p27" SIGNOR-152835 IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT IFNA1 protein P01562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16612387 f gcesareni "Ikkalfa can also phosphorylate and activate interferon regulatory factor-7 (irf7), which is required for interferon-alfa (ifnalfa) production." SIGNOR-146119 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser326 SARKRSAsADNLTLP 32723157 t lperfetto "Our in vitro and cellular analyses supported the mass spectrometry data that implicated serine 326 (S326) as the phospho-acceptor site on CCNY by AMPK. |Mechanistically the S326 phosphorylation by AMPK promotes the interaction of CCNY with CDK16, which in turn autophosphorylates S336, which serves as a marker for active CCNY-CDK16" SIGNOR-273011 OTUD5 protein Q96G74 UNIPROT TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17991829 t miannu "TRAF3 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that preferentially assembled lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains. DUBA selectively cleaved the lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chains on TRAF3, resulting in its dissociation from the downstream signaling complex containing TANK-binding kinase 1." SIGNOR-265873 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser26 VETLRRGsKFIKWDE 10116 BTO:0004576 11278298 t lperfetto "PKG can directly phosphorylate PLC-beta2 and PLC-beta3 in vitro with purified proteins and in vivo with metabolic labeling. Phosphorylation of PLC-beta leads to the inhibition of G-protein-activated PLC-beta3 activity by 50-70% in COS-7 cell transfection assays. By using phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis, we further identified two key phosphorylation sites for the regulation of PLC-beta3 by PKG (Ser(26) and Ser(1105)). Mutation at these two sites (S26A and S1105A) of PLC-beta3 completely blocked the phosphorylation of PLC-beta3 protein catalyzed by PKG." SIGNOR-249079 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PIKFYVE protein Q9Y2I7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 PARNRSAsITNLSLD 9606 BTO:0000887 15546921 t gcesareni "Here we report that serine318 on the fyve domain-containing ptdins3p 5-kinase (pikfyve) is a novel substrate for pkb, and show that phosphorylation stimulates the ptdins3p 5-kinase activity of the enzyme." SIGNOR-130920 CyclinY/CDK16 complex SIGNOR-C540 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 9606 BTO:0000567 25205104 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assays showed PCTAIRE1 phosphorylates p27 at Ser10. PCTAIRE1 silencing modulated Ser10 phosphorylation on p27 and led to its accumulation in cancer cells but not in nontransformed cells.|Together our findings reveal an unexpected role for PCTAIRE1 in regulating p27 stability, mitosis, and tumor growth, suggesting PCTAIRE1 as a candidate cancer therapeutic target." SIGNOR-273012 CyclinY/CDK16 complex SIGNOR-C540 SIGNOR PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr481 RRGLAPNtPGKARKL 9606 BTO:0000815 35449080 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, CDK16 exerts its function by phosphorylating protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) to regulate spindle formation during mitosis.|Indeed, immunoblot analysis showed that PRC1 phosphorylation at the T481 site (CDK-dependent major phosphorylation site) fluctuated with the abundance of CDK16 protein in the cell cycle process" SIGNOR-273013 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257524 ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253294 phentolamine chemical CHEBI:8081 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258445 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT ZWINT protein O95229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser250 PTRPQEQsTGDTMGR -1 21775627 t lperfetto "Zwint-1 is a novel Aurora B substrate required for the assembly of a dynein-binding platform on kinetochores|During prometaphase, AurB phosphorylation of zwint-1 is required for recruitment of ZW10-, pT89 dynein-, and RZZ-dependent proteins to kinetochores. This is defective after AurB inhibition or after expression of the triple-A zwint-1 mutant. Triple-E mutant zwint-1 mimics phospho–zwint-1 in RZZ recruitment, even after AurB inhibition" SIGNOR-265009 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10976919 t gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr" SIGNOR-81452 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser25 PPSPEVGsPLLCRPA 9606 11110801 t llicata "In vitro phosphorylation of pr with cdk2 has revealed five additional in vitro cdk2 phosphorylation sites: ser(25), ser(213), thr(430), ser(554), and ser(676)." SIGNOR-84988 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ZFP36L1 protein Q07352 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser92 RFRDRSFsEGGERLL 9606 15538381 t lperfetto "Here we report that protein kinase b (pkb/akt) stabilizes are transcripts by phosphorylating brf1 at serine 92 (s92). Recombinant brf1 promoted in vitro decay of are-containing mrna (are-mrna), yet phosphorylation by pkb impaired this activity." SIGNOR-244385 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004914 14586405 f "We found that TNF induced the expression of Notch-1, Notch-4, and Jagged-2 in RSF. The expression of these proteins was detected in the RA synovial tissues." SIGNOR-253606 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268699 EN2 protein P19622 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression." SIGNOR-265775 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys377 NEPSLQSkLQDEANY 9606 9712898 t lperfetto "Following binding to tradd, traf2 was thought to mediate non-degradative lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of rip1 via its ring e3 ligase domain. Rip1 is known to directly interact with traf2." SIGNOR-59689 CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000414 14610055 t miannu "P120 regulates E-cadherin turnover at the cell membrane. Because direct binding of p120 to E-cadherin is required, it is possible that p120 binding blocks the interaction of an unknown binding partner (or event) that targets E-cadherin for degradation" SIGNOR-252123 MLH1 protein P40692 UNIPROT MLH1/PMS1 complex SIGNOR-C58 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10542278 t miannu "We now show that hpms1 is expressed in human cells and that it interacts with hmlh1 with high affinity to form the heterodimer hmutl_." SIGNOR-71768 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PDE3B protein Q13370 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser295 VIRPRRRsSCVSLGE 10090 BTO:0000944 10454575 t "PDE3B is a physiological substrate of Akt and that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of PDE3B on serine-273 is important for insulin-induced activation of PDE3B" SIGNOR-252573 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12565872 t "We also found that the wild type SOCS-3 promoter construct has significantly greater activity in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines than in normal cells in accordance with STAT3 disregulation in these cells" SIGNOR-253583 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr680 RDIYSTDyYRVGGRT 10116 "phosphorylation: tyr496" HIIENPQyFSDACVH 14662744 t "Here, we identify SHP-1 as a phosphotyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates TrkA. SHP-1 formed complexes with TrkA at Y490, and dephosphorylated it at Y674/675." SIGNOR-248468 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 10882063 t gcesareni "... here we show that an additional processing event occurs in the extracellular part of the receptor, preceding cleavage by the gamma-secretase-like activity. Purification of the activity accounting for this cleavage in vitro shows that it is due to tace (tnfalpha-converting enzyme), a member of the adam (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family of metalloproteases." SIGNOR-78903 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser863 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-169534 SOCS5 protein O75159 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15590694 t miannu "SOCS5 Can Physically Associate with the EGFR. The complex recruited by SOCS proteins is composed of ElonginBC, Cullin, and Roc1 (15, 16). Together, this complex has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We suspect that the role of the SB domain is to mediate coupling of EGFR with the Elongin-Cullin-Roc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, resulting in enhanced EGFR degradation." SIGNOR-271516 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT FSTL3 protein O95633 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23038772 f gcesareni "In our analysis bmp4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and fstl3 (follistatin-related protein 3) increased their expression in response to hyap1 s127a overexpression." SIGNOR-199072 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 21902831 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of CREB by PKA allows it to initiate the transcription of genes that contain a CRE element, two of which are PAX3 and MYF5." SIGNOR-176560 dacomitinib chemical CHEBI:132268 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 23405260 t gcesareni "The goal of this study was to compare dacomitinib (pf-00299804), a next generation small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that irreversibly blocks multiple her family receptors (her-1 (egfr), her-2 and her-4 tyrosine kinases), to cetuximab, the current fda approved anti-egfr medication for hnscc and erlotinib, an egfr specific small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor." SIGNOR-200905 PSMD11 protein O00231 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263351 FASLG protein P48023 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000671 9228058 t lperfetto "The death-inducing receptor fas is activated when cross-linked by the type ii membrane protein faslg (fasl)" SIGNOR-49688 CKMT2 protein P17540 UNIPROT N-phosphocreatine smallmolecule CHEBI:17287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265789 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr216 RGEPNVSyICSRYYR 9606 BTO:0000007 14570592 t lperfetto "However, in the present study, we clearly demonstrate that GSK3_ is capable of catalysing the autophosphorylation of Tyr216 in vitro." SIGNOR-236564 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr248 GSETPGAtPGSKIWD 9606 SIGNOR-C16 12105215 t gcesareni "To map the set of phosphorylation sites in sap155-(223-322) that determine its interaction with nipp1, we have identified phosphorylation sites of cyclin e-cdk2 by the sequencing of proteolytically derived phosphopeptides. Three phosphorylation sites were identified as thr244, thr248, and thr313" SIGNOR-90438 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207833 "lysophosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:132742 ChEBI LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257528 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10617468 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "The mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase cascade is inactivated at the level of map kinase by members of the map kinase phosphatase (mkp) family, including mkp-1." SIGNOR-269910 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 20955178 t miannu "P300 increases the acetylation and protein stability of XBP1s, and enhances its transcriptional activity, whereas SIRT1 deacetylates XBP1s and inhibits its transcriptional activity.. The mRNA encoding the active spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s) is generated from the unspliced form by IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1) during the UPR." SIGNOR-260430 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser408 RIPASQTsVPFDHLG 9606 BTO:0000007 10542239 t llicata "Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. T" SIGNOR-250810 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CRMP1 protein Q14194 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr509 PVYEVPAtPKYATPA 9606 BTO:0000938 18003833 t lperfetto "These findings suggest that sema3a-induced spine development is regulated by phosphorylation of crmp1 by cdk5. Introduction of crmp1-wt, but not crmp1-t509a/s522a, a crmp1 mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by cdk5, rescued the defect in sema3a responsiveness." SIGNOR-159318 PRLHR protein P49683 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257280 CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18698484 t gcesareni "Gli2 is phosphorylated by gsk3 and ck1 for the fbxw11 (betatrcp2)-mediated degradation ci is phosphorylated by pka at multiple sites priming phosphorylation by both gsk3 and cki, leading to partial proteolysis. The pka, gsk3, and cki sites are conserved in gli2 and gli3, vertebrate homologs of ci that are similarly processed" SIGNOR-179972 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser276 PLPSPTAsPNHTLAP -1 11113134 t llicata "Amphiphysin is phosphorylated by cdk5 in a region including serines 272, 276, and 285. Amphiphysin 1 is also phosphorylated by the cdc2/cyclin B kinase complex in the same region and undergoes mitotic phosphorylation in dividing cells. " SIGNOR-250649 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 17891169 t fspada "Hydroxamate derivatives are the most powerful category of hdaci, active on class i and ii hdac,especially on hdac1 and hdac2. In the study reported here, we described the anti-leukaemic properties of itf2357, a recently synthesized, orally active hydroxamate derivative." SIGNOR-157857 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15526160 t miannu "C-Kit promotes survival via PI3-kinase-dependent activation of Akt and phosphorylation of Bad, a pro-apoptotic molecule, at S136 in vivo." SIGNOR-254950 TUBA3D protein P0DPH8 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 f miannu "We show here that Elongator regulates corticogenesis because an acute disruption of its activity in dorsal progenitors results in radial migration delays and defective terminal branching of projection neurons that come with a reduction in α-tubulin acetylation. Importantly, this complex interacts with the microtubule cytoskeleton, where Elp3 may directly acetylate α-tubulin, a posttranslational modification known to regulate the intracellular trafficking that is critical for cell shape remodeling during migration and terminal branching." SIGNOR-269723 ODAD4 protein Q96NG3 UNIPROT Axonemal_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF66 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000379 33347437 t miannu "CFAP53 likely facilitates the transport of TTC25 and the dyneins into cilia. CFAP53 at the centriolar satellites may form a complex with TTC25 and ODAs, including DNAH5 and DNAH11, and regulate their trafficking into the cilium (Fig 10B). It also interacts with ODA proteins including dynein heavy chains such as DNAH11 and possibly DNAH5/9. CFAP53 likely facilitates the transport of TTC25 and the dyneins into cilia." SIGNOR-265546 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr594 TYVDPHTyEDPNQAV 9606 24457997 t gcesareni "SRC phosphorylates EPHA2 on Tyr594|. It is therefore likely that this phosphorylation site is included in the binding motif of an additional signalling molecule required for cell transformation." SIGNOR-246104 PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10604473 t miannu "We find that DARPP-32 is converted into an inhibitor of PKA when phosphorylated at threonine 75 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Cdk5 phosphorylates DARPP-32 in vitro and in intact brain cells. Phospho-Thr 75 DARPP-32 inhibits PKA in vitro by a competitive mechanism." SIGNOR-265087 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser286 SSMSSCGsSGYFSSS 9606 22017876 t llicata "Deptor is phosphorylated by s6k1 and rsk1 on the degron serine residues upon serum stimulation s6k1/rsk1 and _trcp are required for ubiquitination and degradation of endogenous deptor upon mitogen stimulation." SIGNOR-176858 LMO3 protein Q8TAP4 UNIPROT NHLH2 protein Q02577 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21573214 t miannu "Here we found that LMO3 forms a complex with HEN2 and acts as an upstream mediator for transcription of Mash1 in neuroblastoma." SIGNOR-254827 NARS1 protein O43776 UNIPROT asparagine smallmolecule CHEBI:22653 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270454 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser281 NRRQLAFsTVGTPDY 9606 BTO:0000007 16314523 t lperfetto "Ndr1/ndr2 protein kinase is activated by phosphorylation on the activation loop phosphorylation site ser281/ser282 and the hydrophobic motif phosphorylation site thr444/thr442. Autophosphorylation of ndr is responsible for phosphorylation on ser281/ser282, whereas thr444/thr442 is targeted by an upstream kinase. Here we show that mst3, a mammalian ste20-like protein kinase, is able to phosphorylate ndr protein kinase at thr444/thr442. In vitro, mst3 selectively phosphorylated thr442 of ndr2, resulting in a 10-fold stimulation of ndr activity." SIGNOR-142514 TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT CNTNAP2 protein Q9UHC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22777675 f miannu "we show that TCF4 can transactivate the NRXN1β and CNTNAP2 promoters in luciferase assays." SIGNOR-255390 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 10617617 t "We observed that S1P treatment significantly increased proliferation of HTC4 hepatoma cells stably transfected with human S1P receptor Edg3 or Edg5, which was attributable to stimulation of cell growth and inhibition of apoptosis caused by serum starvation." SIGNOR-261142 RPS4Y1 protein P22090 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262446 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ITPKA protein P23677 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser121 LQQPRRLsTSSVSST -1 9374536 t miannu "Two isoforms of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase have been identified, the A form and the B form. phosphorylation of isoform A by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase increased activity 1.5-fold, whereas phosphorylation of isoform B decreased activity by 45%. major phosphorylation sites in the protein are Ser119 for PKA. Ser119 in the A isoform is conserved in the B isoform as Ser328" SIGNOR-249994 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23863160 t lperfetto "In mammals, two protein complexes, namely the ULK1-Atg13-FIP200 (200kDa focal adhesion kinase family-interacting protein) complex and the Beclin–Vps34 complex, function jointly to produce the phagophore membrane, the initial phase of autophagosome formation." SIGNOR-209890 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1105 LDRKRHNsISEAKMR 10116 11278298 t lperfetto "PKG can directly phosphorylate PLC-beta2 and PLC-beta3 in vitro with purified proteins and in vivo with metabolic labeling. Phosphorylation of PLC-beta leads to the inhibition of G-protein-activated PLC-beta3 activity by 50-70% in COS-7 cell transfection assays. By using phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis, we further identified two key phosphorylation sites for the regulation of PLC-beta3 by PKG (Ser(26) and Ser(1105)). Mutation at these two sites (S26A and S1105A) of PLC-beta3 completely blocked the phosphorylation of PLC-beta3 protein catalyzed by PKG." SIGNOR-249078 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser497 SSNIQMDsGYNTQNC 9606 18521620 t gcesareni "Following cdk1-dependent recruitment, plk1 triggers hbora destruction by phosphorylating a recognition site for scf(beta-trcp)." SIGNOR-178803 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2Q2 protein Q8WVN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271363 EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI 9606 25660019 t Manara "We now demonstrate a major role for Rheb in inhibiting protein synthesis by enhancing the phosphorylation of eIF2α by protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK)." SIGNOR-260874 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp387 QPPSLVVdSRDAGIC 9606 BTO:0005111 32122970 t miannu "We show that LUBAC interacted with caspase-1 via HOIP and modified its CARD domain with linear polyubiquitin and that depletion of HOIP or Sharpin resulted in heightened caspase-1 activation and cell death in response to inflammasome activation, unlike what is observed in macrophages. Reciprocally, caspase-1, as well as caspase-8, regulated LUBAC activity by proteolytically processing HOIP at Asp-348 and Asp-387 during the execution of cell death." SIGNOR-272195 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser8 MGTVLSLsPSYRKAT 9606 18326489 t lperfetto "When overexpressed with cdk5, a large fraction of the double mutant p35(s8a/t138a) co-sedimented with microtubules (fig. 5b), further supporting the idea that the phosphorylation at these two residues by cdk5 is inhibitory to the microtubule association." SIGNOR-177963 CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:28750 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000048;BTO:0000050 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268652 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM23 protein P36406 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271002 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT MYL12B protein O14950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 12429016 t gcesareni "Hzipk phosphorylated the regulatory light chain of myosin ii (mrlc) at both ser19 and thr18 in vitro. Phosphorylation of mrlc is required to generate the driving force in the migration of the cells but not necessary for localization of myosin ii at the leading edge." SIGNOR-95524 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT ERCC6 protein Q03468 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21756275 t miannu "BRCA1 polyubiquitinates CSB and this polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of CSB occur following UV irradiation, even in the absence of Cockayne syndrome A (CSA) protein. " SIGNOR-272754 EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257321 ROR1 protein Q01973 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000551 22439932 t miannu "Ror1 binds to and phosphorylates c-src / ror1 kinase-dependent c-src activation" SIGNOR-196751 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19882665 f miannu "We show that egfr-mediated signaling promotes sox2 expression, which in turn binds to the egfr promoter and directly upregulates egfr expression." SIGNOR-189033 TUBA1C protein Q9BQE3 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 f miannu "We show here that Elongator regulates corticogenesis because an acute disruption of its activity in dorsal progenitors results in radial migration delays and defective terminal branching of projection neurons that come with a reduction in α-tubulin acetylation. Importantly, this complex interacts with the microtubule cytoskeleton, where Elp3 may directly acetylate α-tubulin, a posttranslational modification known to regulate the intracellular trafficking that is critical for cell shape remodeling during migration and terminal branching." SIGNOR-269728 HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT MSI2 protein Q96DH6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20805843 f gcesareni "Nup98-hoxa9 oncogene binds the putative element at 5.7 kb upstream of transcription start site to trigger the upregulated expression of musashi2 gene (b). The elevated level of musashi2 leads to the downregulation of numb, by binding to the 3' utr of numb mrna to inhibit translation" SIGNOR-167725 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t lperfetto "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-255260 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 EERQTQRsKPQPAVP 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89170 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT PELP1 protein Q8IZL8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser477 ADALKLRsPRGSPDG 9606 BTO:0000150 20807815 t llicata "Using site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro kinase assays, we identified ser(477) and ser(991) of pelp1 as cdk phosphorylation sites. we identified pelp1 as a novel substrate of cdks and found that cdk phosphorylation is important for the proper function of pelp1 in modulating hormone-driven cell cycle progression and also for optimal e2f transactivation function." SIGNOR-167770 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys57 KSLIVEGkREKKKVE 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272828 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr336 GGPGPERtPGSGSGS 10090 BTO:0000944 7889942 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that elk-1, a protein closely related to p62tcf in function, is a nuclear target of two members of the map kinase family, erk1 and erk2, erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324,t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-235467 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271578 PSMB7 protein Q99436 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263360 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT RORC protein P51449 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18454151 f "The inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-21 and IL-23 share signaling pathways by activating both STAT1 and STAT3, while IL-1beta is thought to activate the kinases IRAK1 and IRAK2 through recruitment of the adaptor MyD88. Thus, STAT3 is likely to be a common denominator in the induction of RORgammaT and IL-17 expression" SIGNOR-254303 GDP smallmolecule CHEBI:17552 ChEBI GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 12040175 t gcesareni "Galfa subunits cycle between inactive (gdp-bound) and active (gtp-bound) states, and the lifetime of the active state is limited by gtp hydrolysis." SIGNOR-88226 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser312 TESITATsPASMVGG 9606 18728222 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-180532 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003697 18583320 t "Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that this region of the StAR promoter was bound by C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta, and CREB. Forced expression of either C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta alone was sufficient to up-regulate StAR promoter activity whereas PGE(2) was needed to induce StAR promoter activity in CREB-overexpressed cells." SIGNOR-254046 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000393 21903638 t gcesareni "It has been shown that wnt5a activates the calcium signaling pathway in the presence of receptor fz2, 3, 4, 6 and receptor fz 5." SIGNOR-176579 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KRT18 protein P05783 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser34 RPVSSAAsVYAGAGG 9606 9524113 t lperfetto "We identified k18 ser33 as an interphase phosphorylation site, which increases its phosphorylation during mitosis in cultured cells and regenerating liver, and as an in vitro cdc2 kinase phosphorylation site. K18 ser33 phosphorylation dictates binding to 14_3_3 proteins" SIGNOR-55994 NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17845852 f gcesareni "Ras and akt signaling enhances the nuclear localization of gli1, counteracting its suppression by other modifiers that retain it in the cytoplasm, such as suppressor of fused (sufu)" SIGNOR-157773 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser272 CSLERQLsLEQEVQQ 9606 BTO:0000567 12670876 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, a significant difference in the potency of nonredox-type inhibitors (but not of BWA4C) was determined between wild-type 5-LO and the mutant S271A/S663A-5-LO (lacking phosphorylation sites for ERK1/2 and MAPKAPK-2) in HeLa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that compared with Ca2+-mediated 5-LO product formation, enzyme activation involving 5-LO phosphorylation events specifically and strongly alters the susceptibility of 5-LO toward nonredox-type inhibitors in intact cells." SIGNOR-264443 MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex SIGNOR-C147 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 17713585 f lperfetto "The mre11_rad50_nbs1 (mrn) complex is among the earliest respondents to dna double-strand breaks (dsbs).|Current emerging structural and biological evidence suggests that MRN has 3 coupled critical roles in DSB sensing, stabilization, signaling, and effector scaffolding: (1) expeditious establishment of protein--nucleic acid tethering scaffolds for the recognition and stabilization of DSBs; (2) initiation of DSB sensing, cell-cycle checkpoint signaling cascades, and establishment of epigenetic marks via the ATM kinase; and (3) functional regulation of chromatin remodeling in the vicinity of a DSB." SIGNOR-251502 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 26049753 f "SIRT1 protein but not mRNA expression is increased in CD34+ cells from FLT3-ITD positive AML patients compared to FLT3 wild-type AML patients" SIGNOR-261555 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000669 15889140 t Luana "We finally observed that the forced expression of Evi1 induced GATA-2 expression in a hematopoietic cell line, EML C1, along with GATA-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie2 " SIGNOR-266063 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1717 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248742 BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7679912 t gcesareni "Its interactions with trkb can be distinguished from those of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) with trkb" SIGNOR-31597 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14583461 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-118894 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT CSE1L protein P55060 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26668314 t miannu "We find that TRAIL induces up-regulation of CAS in a posttranscriptional, caspase-8-dependent manner through degradation of cIAP1, an E3 ligase that targets CAS for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. " SIGNOR-272812 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser317 SHLASPPsLGEMQQL 9606 SIGNOR-C15 19584320 t gcesareni "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-186633 ACAT1 protein P24752 UNIPROT IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys413 VESGAMTkDLAGCIH 9606 BTO:0001545 34289383 t lperfetto "Mitochondrial acetyltransferase ACAT1 and deacetylase SIRT3 are responsible for acetylation and deacetylation, respectively, at K413 of mIDH2|K413 acetylation inhibits mIDH2 by simultaneously attenuating dimer formation from monomers and destabilizing dimers for conversion to monomers" SIGNOR-267627 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 25624455 t miannu "PTKs of the JAK and SRC families have a regulatory role in LFA-1 affinity triggering, with JAKs showing a positive role (3), whereas SRCs possibly have a negative role." SIGNOR-254738 NCS1 protein P62166 UNIPROT DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000938 12351722 t miannu "Here we show that the neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) can mediate desensitization of D2 dopamine receptors. Analysis of D2 receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells indicates that NCS-1 attenuates agonist-induced receptor internalization via a mechanism that involves a reduction in D2 receptor phosphorylation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments from striatal neurons reveal that NCS-1 is found in association with both the D2 receptor and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, a regulator of D2 receptor desensitization." SIGNOR-263964 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0001516 14981546 t "These data confirm previous findings that FLT3 receptors with ITD mutations efficiently trigger the activation of ERK, STAT5 and Akt in the absence of FL stimulation." SIGNOR-261522 TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0005098 28595999 t lperfetto "Here we show that in the developing skin, epidermal progenitor cells of mice lacking p63 transcription factor display alterations in the nuclear shape accompanied by a marked decrease in expression of several nuclear envelope-associated components (Lamin B1, Lamin A/C, Sun1, Nesprin-3, Plectin) compared with controls. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR assay showed enrichment of p63 on Sun1, Syne3, and Plec promoters, suggesting them as p63 targets." SIGNOR-263278 NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 24392140 f lperfetto "In HEK293A cells transfected with luciferase reporter constructs, necdin relieves Bmi1-dependent repression of p16 promoter activity," SIGNOR-253384 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242704 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248655 CH5132799 chemical CID:49784945 PUBCHEM PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190946 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR PHF8 protein Q9UPP1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23979597 t miannu " We showed that PHF8 interacts with the CDC20-containing APC (APC(cdc20)) primarily during mitosis. we demonstrate that mutations of the LXPKXLF motif abrogate polyubiquitylation of PHF8 by the APC. APC substrates are typically cell cycle regulators, and consistent with this, the loss of PHF8 leads to prolonged G2 phase and defective mitosis." SIGNOR-272881 NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003265 19479054 f "Using antisense inhibition we disrupted the expression of NKX2-5 and studied changes in expression of cardiac-associated genes. Down-regulation of NKX2-5 resulted in increased beta-catenin while GATA4 was decreased. We demonstrated that this regulation was conferred by binding of NKX2-5 to specific elements (NKEs) in the promoter region of the beta-catenin and GATA4 genes. Using promoter-luciferase reporter assay combined with mutational analysis of the NKEs we demonstrated that the identified NKX2-5 binding sites were essential for the suppression of beta-catenin, and upregulation of GATA4 by NKX2-5." SIGNOR-253653 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15314162 t gcesareni "We found that skp2, the f-box component of scfskp2, physically interacted with smad4 at the physiological levels. Several cancer-derived unstable mutants exhibited significantly increased binding to skp2, which led to their increased ubiquitination and accelerated proteolysis. These results suggest an important role for the scfskp2 complex in switching cancer mutants of smad4 to undergo polyubiquitination-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-127964 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2A protein P49459 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271327 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18231581 f lperfetto "Induction and over-production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and INF-c, were considered to be main mediators in the pathogenesis of SARS" SIGNOR-260259 PKI-402 chemical CID:44187953 PUBCHEM PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206256 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 10698680 t lperfetto "One of the best characterized targets of pi3k lipid products is the protein kinase akt or protein kinase b (pkb). In quiescent cells, pkb resides in the cytosol in a low-activity conformation. Upon cellular stimulation, pkb is activated through recruitment to cellular membranes by pi3k lipid products and phosphorylation by 3h-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (pdk1)." SIGNOR-252632 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu47 RANSFLEeMKKGHLE -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263665 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr160 VEEDEDLyDCVENEE -1 10669745 t "Lck recognizes preferentially the tyrosine residue of Vav located at position 174 and, with significantly less affinity, those present at positions 142 and 160. It is now clear that this posttranslational modification will be involved in the activation of Vav, in the regulation of the strength of the signals emanating from this molecule, and also in the negative regulation of its function." SIGNOR-251390 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser357 PHRSTPEsRAAVQEL 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C110 17360711 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of serines 353 and 357 by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta) induces a structural change of the hydrophilic loop of ps1the structural change of ps1 reduces the interaction with beta-catenin leading to decreased phosphorylation and ubiquitination of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-153631 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1009 LDTSSVLyTAVQPNE 9606 18567737 t gcesareni "Ptp1b blocked pdgf-induced tyr716 and tyr751 phosphorylation of the pdgfr." SIGNOR-179064 5-[(Z)-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-2,4-dimethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide chemical CID:73755145 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258289 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr182 TDDEMTGyVATRWYR 9606 8622669 t lperfetto "Mkk3 is a protein kinase that phosphorylates and activates p38 map kinase but does not phosphorylate the related jnk or erk map kinases." SIGNOR-40353 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR SLC25A27 protein O95847 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20385226 t lperfetto "We present the first direct evidence that UCP4 is regulated by NF-kappaB, mediated via a functional NF-kappaB site in its promoter region, and that UCP4 has a significant role in NF-kappaB prosurvival signaling, mediating its protection against MPP(+) toxicity.|NF-kappaB inhibition significantly suppressed the MPP(+)-induced increase in UCP4 expression." SIGNOR-268984 ZSTK-474 chemical CHEBI:90545 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207935 CDO1 protein Q16878 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 16647304 t gcesareni "Cdo and boc bind shh through a high-affinity interaction with a specific fibronectin repeat that is essential for activity. We propose a model where cdo and boc enhance shh signaling within its target field." SIGNOR-146461 "long-chain fatty acid anion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57560 ChEBI "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24269233 t "ACSs catalyze the conversion of FAs to their active form acyl-CoAs. The human genome codes for 26 ACS isozymes, which are classified into six subfamilies based on their substrate specificities toward the chain length of FAs and on sequence similarity" SIGNOR-267711 DERA protein Q9Y315 UNIPROT "2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:62877 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25229427 t miannu "Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.4), which converts 2-deoxy-d-ribose-5-phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetaldehyde, belongs to the core metabolism of living organisms. his study provides the first experimental evidence that DERA, which is mainly expressed in lung, liver and colon, is the human deoxyribose phosphate aldolase." SIGNOR-267097 UNC5A protein Q6ZN44 UNIPROT Chemorepulsion_of_axon phenotype SIGNOR-PH198 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30108487 f miannu "Netrin binding to the receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) results in attractive responses, viahomodimerization of DCC (covered in detail in later sections), whereas heterodimerization between DCC and receptor uncoordinated locomotion 5 (UNC5) converts this attractive response into repulsion" SIGNOR-268182 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser4520 GGHGSRHsLASTDEK 10029 11158305 t miannu "LRP phosphorylation is mediated by PKA at residue serine 76 of its cytoplasmic tail and that this phosphorylation contributes to receptor-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-250000 ZC3H11A protein O75152 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22928037 t miannu "PDIP3 and ZC11A Function in mRNA Export. PDIP3 and ZC11A associate with UAP56 and the TREX complex in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268516 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 EKLFQGYsFVAPSIL 15568999 t lperfetto "In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on Thr-581 and Ser-360 by ERK1/2 or p38, MSK1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: Ser-212, Ser-376, Ser-381, Ser-750, Ser-752 and Ser-758. Of these sites, the N-terminal T-loop residue Ser-212 and the 'hydrophobic motif' Ser-376 are phosphorylated by the C-terminal kinase domain of MSK1, and their phosphorylation is essential for the catalytic activity of the N-terminal kinase domain of MSK1" SIGNOR-249445 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser395 SQESEDYsQPSTSSS 9606 17936559 t "Here we show that the wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), or PPM1D, downregulates p53 protein levels by stabilizing Mdm2 and facilitating its access to p53. Wip1 interacts with and dephosphorylates Mdm2 at serine 395, a site phosphorylated by the ATM kinase." SIGNOR-248324 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "First, the akt1, akt2, and akt3 isoforms can bind directly to hsp27 and can be found in a complex with p38 mapk, mk2, and hsp27 [98_100]. Second, rane and colleagues showed that akt could phosphorylate hsp27 at ser-82, but not ser-15 or ser-78, in vitro, while co-expression of an active akt mutant and hsp27 in hek cells resulted in hsp27 phosphorylation at the same residue." SIGNOR-186776 "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg679 EKTTRKKrNVNFQKA -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263433 NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257352 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 SIGNOR-C15 19217427 t gcesareni "Amp-activated protein kinase phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein. Rb phosphorylation sites, ser804 (ser811 in human), resembled the ampk consensus phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-184052 "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257717 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 19022774 t fspada "We also identified hoxa10 as a substrate for shp2 in undifferentiated myeloid cells, an effect that diminished during myelopoiesis. However, a constitutively active form of shp2 dephosphorylated hoxa10 throughout ex vivo myelopoiesis and sustained repression of hoxa10 target genes involved in phagocyte effector functions." SIGNOR-182475 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 28137827 t miannu "Binding of S100A9 to TLR4 stimulates the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, which leads to the activation of c-Jun, CREB, and NF-κB. Activation of neutrophils by S100A9 also proceeds via p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263652 ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12805554 t miannu "E4BP4, ATF-6, OASIS, and XBP-1 all formed strong homodimeric associations on the array Transcription factor dimerization can increase the selectivity of protein-DNA interactions and generate a large amount of DNA binding diversity from a relatively small number of proteins" SIGNOR-224202 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF135 protein Q8IUD6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271092 BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24392140 t lperfetto "In HEK293A cells transfected with luciferase reporter constructs, necdin relieves Bmi1-dependent repression of p16 promoter activity," SIGNOR-253385 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT MCPH1 protein Q8NEM0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22136275 f miannu "Overexpression of E2F1 led to the upregulation of MCPH1 transcription, and knocking down the endogenous E2F1 resulted in the inhibition of the MCPH1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-253848 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 19383720 t gcesareni "Dyrk1a physically interacts with the nicd inducing its phosphorylation in the ankyrin domain, thereby attenuating notch ." SIGNOR-185494 PRLHR protein P49683 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257198 EFNA5 protein P52803 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "Efna5 are able to activate epha8" SIGNOR-52479 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser722 PRLRSVSsYGNIRAV 9606 SIGNOR-C3 18722121 t llicata "Ser719, ser721, and ser722 are the predominant rsk-dependent phosphorylation sites in raptor raptor phosphorylation regulates mtorc1 activity" SIGNOR-180466 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 27692180 f miannu "P53 regulates basal expression of AIF and SCO2 and facilitates oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, and HK2 is negatively regulated by p53, whereas TIGAR expression is induced by p53. The net result of p53-mediated regulation of these glycolytic enzymes is the suppression of glycolysis. In addition, p53 directly binds and inhibits G6PD activity and downregulates the pentose phosphate pathway." SIGNOR-267467 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-270252 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT RASA1 protein P20936 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11896619 t miannu "The gtpase activating protein (gap) of ras binds only to beta-receptors / we have previously shown that the binding site for gtpase activating protein of ras (rasgap) in the pdgf beta-receptor, tyr771, is phosphorylated to a much lower extent in the heterodimeric configuration of pdgf alpha- and beta-receptors, compared to the pdgf beta-receptor homodimer. / the decreased recruitment of the rasgap to the receptor leads to prolonged activation of the ras/map kinase pathway" SIGNOR-115843 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr88 KHLVALYtRDEHFAI -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-251076 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" acetylation 9606 20851880 t gcesareni "These results indicate that Erk signaling increases Runx2 stability and transcriptional activity, partly via increasing p300 protein levels and histone acetyltransferase activity and subsequently increasing Runx2 acetylation by p300" SIGNOR-167966 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SLC19A3 protein Q9BZV2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 15217784 f miannu "In transiently transfected Drosophila SL2 cells, both SP1 and SP3 transactivated the SLC19A3 minimal promoter in a dose-dependent manner and in combination demonstrated an additive stimulatory effect." SIGNOR-255215 NELFA protein Q9H3P2 UNIPROT NELF complex SIGNOR-C521 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18628398 t miannu "The Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) is a transcription regulatory complex that induces stalling of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early transcription elongation and represses expression of several genes studied to date, including Drosophila Hsp70, mammalian proto-oncogene junB, and HIV RNA. It is composed of four subunits, NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/D, and NELF-E." SIGNOR-271401 "4-[[9-chloro-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino]benzoic acid" chemical CHEBI:91366 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194518 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT ITGAL protein P20701 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 25624455 f miannu "PTPRG activation inhibits chemoattractantinduced LFA-1 affinity triggering and mediated adhesion in human primary monocytes. we show that PTPRG is a novel negative regulator of LFA-1 high-affinity-state triggering and mediated arrest by chemoattractants in human primary monocytes. Notably, PTKs of the JAK and SRC families have a regulatory role in LFA-1 affinity triggering, with JAKs showing a positive role (3), whereas SRCs possibly have a negative role (37). In our context, SRC appears inhibited by PTPRG activation (Table I), thus making it unlikely that the antiadhesive effect of PTPRG is mediated by SRC activation." SIGNOR-254736 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT GOLGA2 protein Q08379 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser37 REYQQRNsPGVPTGA 9606 9753325 t lperfetto "Cdc2 kinase directly phosphorylates the cis-golgi matrix protein gm130 and is required for golgi fragmentation in mitosis. Mitotic fragmentation of the golgi apparatus can be largely explained by disruption of the interaction between gm130 and the vesicle-docking protein p115. Here we identify a single serine (ser-25) in gm130 as the key phosphorylated target and cdc2 as the responsible kinase" SIGNOR-60281 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser289 RSHSESAsPSALSSS 10090 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-244677 PYHIN1 protein Q6K0P9 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001570 18247378 f miannu "We found that maspin is selectively upregulated in IFIXα-expressing cells and involved in anti-invasive activity of IFIXα. We also present evidence indicating that IFIXα downregulates histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which is possibly involved in the silencing of the maspin gene in human breast cancer cells. To confirm these results, we performed a luciferase assay using a maspin-promoter-luciferase plasmid. The results showed that HDAC1 overexpression suppressed the activity of the maspin promoter (Figure 3C). Therefore, our results suggest that IFIXα enhances maspin expression through the downregulation of HDAC1." SIGNOR-268495 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates deacetylation 9606 15126506 t gcesareni "Deacetylation of foxos involves binding of the nad-dependent deacetylase hsir2(sirt1). Accordingly, hsir2(sirt1)-mediated deacetylation precludes foxo inhibition through acetylation and thereby prolongs foxo-dependent transcription of stress-regulating genes." SIGNOR-252993 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser33 GFGSPAPsQAEKKSR -1 9139719 t lperfetto "In this study, we show that efficient phosphorylation of HSSB-p34 by DNA-PK requires Ku as well as DNA. The DNA-PK phosphorylation sites in HSSB-p34 have been mapped at Thr-21 and Ser-33. Kinetic studies demonstrated that a phosphate residue is first incorporated at Thr-21 followed by the incorporation of a second phosphate residue at Ser-33." SIGNOR-248971 NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 1340770 t lperfetto "Nf-kappa b is an inducible transcription factor comprised of a 50-kd (p50) and a 65-kd (p65) subunit. Induction of nf-kappa b activity, which is a critical event in many signal transduction pathways, involves release from a cytoplasmic inhibitory protein, i kappa b, followed by translocation of the active transcription factor complex into the nucleus. we demonstrate by in vitro and in vivo methods that the recently cloned i kappa b/mad-3 interacts with both the p50 and p65 subunits of nf-kappa b" SIGNOR-217394 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr157 GIRKRPAtDDSSTQN 9606 18570873 t gcesareni "Activated sgk1 and p27 phosphorylation at t157, and both were inhibited by short-term rapamycin treatment and by sgk1 shrna." SIGNOR-179117 SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30465801 t miannu "Key regulators of transmitter release and the signaling dynamics of dopamine are the plasma membrane reuptake transporter (DAT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2). These proteins serve to remove dopamine molecules from the extracellular and cytosolic space, respectively and both determine the amount of transmitter released from synaptic vesicles." SIGNOR-269190 doxorubicin chemical CHEBI:28748 ChEBI TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 19377506 t "An important reason why Top2 has held the interest of researchers studying cancer was the discovery that active anti-cancer drugs, notably etoposide and doxorubicin target Top2" SIGNOR-261911 PHF12 protein Q96QT6 UNIPROT TLE6 protein Q9H808 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11390640 t miannu "We have cloned and characterized a new member of the PHD zinc finger family called Pf1 that interacts with two global transcription corepressors: mSin3A and TLE. Pf1 interacts with TLE. The Groucho/TLE proteins are members of an abundant corepressor family, and we hypothesized that Pf1 might interact with TLE family members. Together, these data suggest that in the absence of interactions with mSin3A, Gal4-Pf1 (102–273 L212P/A216P)-dependent repression can be attributed to interaction with endogenous TLE." SIGNOR-266991 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 9606 20359165 f Giorgia "In addition, mitochondrial and whole-cell ATP levels in resting SLP-2hi T cells were significantly higher than those in SLP-2lo T cells (P < 0.05) (Fig. 7d). Such an increase in ATP levels in SLP-2hi T cells correlated with increased resistance to depletion of mitochondrial ATP with oligomycin" SIGNOR-260384 ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256952 "MLL3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C446 SIGNOR H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 34156443 t miannu "MLL3/KMT2C and MLL4/KMT2D are two paralogous histone modifiers that belong to the SET1/MLL (also named COMPASS) family of lysine methyltransferases and play critical roles in enhancer-regulated gene activation. MLL3 and MLL4 form identical multi-protein complexes for modifying mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) at enhancers, which together with the p300/CBP-mediated H3K27 acetylation can generate an active enhancer landscape for long-range target gene activation." SIGNOR-268812 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C18 21902831 t gcesareni "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-176518 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PGAM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF78 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000130 12189148 t "Activated pak1|inferred from family member" gcesareni "Activated pak1 inhibits glycolysis by association of its catalytic domain with pgam-b and subsequent phosphorylation of the enzyme on serine residues 23 and 118, thereby abolishing pgam activity." SIGNOR-270283 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser438 EKNYQLKsRQILGMR 9606 21076410 t lperfetto "Our data suggest that mst2 phosphorylates nek2a thereby recruiting nek2a to centrosomes and promoting phosphorylation and displacement of centrosomal linker proteins" SIGNOR-169539 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273160 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys417 TSPVTQkVkDEAAAQP 9606 16442531 t "We show that SOX6 is modified in vitro and in vivo by small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO) on two distinct sites. Mutation of both sites abolished SOX6 sumoylation and increased SOX6 transcriptional activity. SUMO dependent repression of SOX6 transcription was promoted by UBC9 whereas siRNA to UBC9, cotransfection of inactive UBC9 or a SUMO protease increased SOX6 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-256130 DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264600 PGM2 protein Q96G03 UNIPROT "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17804405 t miannu "Phosphopentomutase catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses. The role of phosphopentomutase is to utilize ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate, which are formed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase. Using catalytic efficiency as a criterion, PGM2 acted more than 10-fold better as a phosphopentomutase (both on deoxyribose 1-phosphate and on ribose 1-phosphate) than as a phosphoglucomutase." SIGNOR-267076 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT NEUROG1 protein Q92886 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268919 (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-6-(phenylmethylene)-1,2,4,5,7a,13-hexahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-one chemical CHEBI:125500 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258774 ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT MYOD/E2-2 complex SIGNOR-C129 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241146 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 PQSNIPEtPPPGYLS 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161589 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TNS3 protein Q68CZ2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 19732724 t gcesareni "Although sh2 domains have not been reported previously to be phosphorylated, the tensin-3 sh2 domain is a physiologic substrate for src. Tyrosines in the sh2 domain contribute to the biological activity of tensin-3, and phosphorylation of these tyrosines can regulate ligand binding." SIGNOR-187854 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1647 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248806 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1763 TPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248756 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr753 ERDINSLyDVSRMYV -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249363 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257973 BTC protein P35070 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10209155 t gcesareni "Betacellulin is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events;ten growth factors and their erbb specificities are depicted: egf, amphiregulin((ar), and tgfalfa bind erbb-1, betacellulin, heparin binding egf-like growth factor, and epiregulin bing both erbb-1 and erbb-4." SIGNOR-67003 CBFA2T3 protein O75081 UNIPROT CBFA2T3/ZNF651 complex SIGNOR-C197 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20116376 t "Previously we reported that a classical C2H2 zinc finger DNA binding protein ZNF652 functionally interacts with CBFA2T3 to repress transcription of genes containing ZNF652 consensus DNA binding sequence within the promoters of these target genes. Here we show that ZNF651 is a ZNF652 paralogue that shares a common DNA binding sequence with ZNF652 and represses target gene expression through the formation of a CBFA2T3-ZNF651 corepressor complex." SIGNOR-253956 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser260 TLSPVNHsLDLQPVT 9606 SIGNOR-C8 11027280 t gcesareni "Smad2 is a target substrate for cam kinase ii in vitro at serine-110, -240, and -260. furthermore, cam kinase ii blocked nuclear accumulation of a smad2 and induced smad2-smad4 hetero-oligomerization independently of tgfbeta receptor activation, while preventing tgfbeta-dependent smad2-smad3 interactions." SIGNOR-82974 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1018 RLSADSGyIIPLPDI 9823 BTO:0004007 7535778 t miannu "We have identified two autophosphorylation sites, Tyr-988 and Tyr-1018, in the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha-receptor carboxyl-terminal tail, which are involved in binding of phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma). We conclude that phosphorylated Tyr-988 and Tyr-1018 in the PDGF α-receptor carboxyl-terminal tail bind PLC-γ, but this association leads to only a relatively low level of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PLC-γ." SIGNOR-250250 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT FKBP5 protein Q13451 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16002417 t Luana "These results are compatible with the hypothesis that MeCP2 associates with the Sgk and Fkbp5 promoters and has a repressive effect that is over-ridden by elevated glucocorticoids in response to stress." SIGNOR-264542 DLGAP2 protein Q9P1A6 UNIPROT SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264591 IL1RAPL1 protein Q9NZN1 UNIPROT NCS1 protein P62166 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 12783849 t miannu "IL1 receptor accessory protein like, a protein involved in X-linked mental retardation, interacts with Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 and regulates exocytosis. our data show that IL1RAPL interacts only with NCS-1 through its specific C-terminal domain. The functional relevance of IL1RAPL activity was further supported by the inhibitory effect on exocytosis in PC12 cells overexpressing IL1RAPL. Taken together, our data suggest that IL1RAPL may regulate calcium-dependent exocytosis and provide insight into the understanding of physiopathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment resulting from IL1RAPL dysfunction." SIGNOR-263962 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 23667107 f "Early inhibition of IL-1β expression by IFN-γ is mediated by impaired binding of NF-κB to the IL-1β promoter but is independent of nitric oxide." SIGNOR-255937 Motilin smallmolecule CHEBI:80269 ChEBI MLNR protein O43193 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257542 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser187 NSHPFPHsPNSSYPN 9606 9335504 t llicata "In contrast to the bmp-stimulated phosphorylation of smad1, which affects carboxy-terminal serines and induces nuclear accumulation of smad1, erk-mediated phosphorylation specifically inhibits the nuclear accumulation of smad1. phosphorylation occurs at specific serines within the region linking the inhibitory and effector domains of smad1" SIGNOR-52674 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C92 17194702 t miannu "Myod targets brg1 to the myogenin promoter during the initiation of myogenesis in tissue culture models for skeletal muscle differentiation /initiation of myogenin transcription is dependent upon myod, the pbx homeodomain factor, and swi/snf chromatin-remodeling enzymes" SIGNOR-151685 NFX1 protein Q12986 UNIPROT HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7964459 t Luana "A novel cysteine-rich sequence-specific DNA-binding protein interacts with the conserved X-box motif of the human major histocompatibility complex class II genes via a repeated Cys-His domain and functions as a transcriptional repressor" SIGNOR-266224 "Factor Va-Xa" complex SIGNOR-C318 SIGNOR F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 11983337 t lperfetto "This activation is accomplished at a physiologically relevant rate by the prothrombinase complex, a macromolecular association of the serine protease factor Xa (fXa) with its cognate cofactor, factor Va (fVa), and substrate, prothrombin|Factor Va Increases the Affinity of Factor Xa for Prothrombin" SIGNOR-263546 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 29953871 f miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction." SIGNOR-264954 "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR FLNB protein O75369 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165 19300455 t miannu "Here, we provide the first evidence that a novel ASB2 isoform, ASB2beta, is important for muscle differentiation. ASB2beta is expressed in muscle cells during embryogenesis and in adult tissues. ASB2beta is part of an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targets the actin-binding protein filamin B (FLNb) for proteasomal degradation.  Altogether, our results indicated that ASB2β can assemble with elongin B, elongin C, Cullin 5 and Rbx2 to reconstitute an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.ASB2β induces polyubiquitylation of FLNb." SIGNOR-271801 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI ZFYVE26 protein Q68DK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 20208530 t miannu "We show that PtdIns(3)P localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis and recruits a centrosomal protein, FYVE-CENT (ZFYVE26), and its binding partner TTC19, which in turn interacts with CHMP4B, an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III subunit implicated in the abscission step of cytokinesis." SIGNOR-265537 EML4-ALK "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP8 SIGNOR STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 21415216 t irozzo "We also found that phosphorylation of both the mitogen-activated proteinkinase (MAPK) ERK and STAT3 was markedly increased inthe cells expressing either variant of EML4-ALK[.]. Oncogenic EML4-ALK tyrosine kinase activates ERKand STAT3 signaling pathways" SIGNOR-259203 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ADP-ribosylation -1 11739745 t lperfetto "Tankyrase 2 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated itself and TRF1. Overexpression of tankyrase 2 in the nucleus released endogenous TRF1 from telomeres." SIGNOR-263376 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33569 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10090 7961964 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; EC 1.14.17.1) catalyzes the production of the neurotransmitter and hormone norepinephrine in the third step of the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway." SIGNOR-264182 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TTI1 protein O43156 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser828 DVADGNVsDFDNEEE 9606 23263282 t lperfetto "Here we report that tel2 and tti1 are targeted for degradation within mtorc1 by the scffbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mtor signalling to growth factor availability. This process is primed by ck2, which translocates to the cytoplasm to mediate mtorc1-specific phosphorylation of tel2/tti1" SIGNOR-200240 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT SOX18 protein P35713 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 18496767 f miannu "co-transfection experiments revealed that over-expression of Sp3 and ZBP-89 down-regulate, while over-expression of NF-Y up-regulates SOX18 promoter activity in HeLa cells" SIGNOR-254820 NLGN4X protein Q8N0W4 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264165 "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is the glycolytic enzyme with the highest activity in vitro. TPI catalyzes the interconversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and DHAP (Figure 1). It consists of a dimer with 2 identical subunits of 248 amino acids (27 kDa)." SIGNOR-268136 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SCNN1G protein P51170 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 11805112 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Using a number of different approaches it was demonstrated that the protein kinase acting on betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 is the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). It is suggested that an ERK-mediated phosphorylation of betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 down-regulates the channel by facilitating its interaction with Nedd4." SIGNOR-270061 GRIN1 protein Q05586 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. The NMDA receptor subtypes are encoded by three gene families that process mRNA transcripts to yield six distinct subunits (NR1, NR2A-2D, NR3A). Receptors are thought to be tetrameric complexes of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits" SIGNOR-264120 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr699 DPEGGVDyKNIHLEK 9606 15297464 t lperfetto "Csf-1r homodimerizes and autophosphorylates on six tyrosines in the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor. Tyr807 is located in the activation loop of the kinase domain (9) and its phosphorylation is important for kinase activity (10). The remaining tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins containing src homology 2 (sh2) binding domains. Three sites are found in the ki: grb2/mona (tyr697) (11, 12), p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (tyr721) (13), and stat1 (tyr706) (14), the c-cbl binding site is in the cooh terminus (tyr974) (15, 16), and the src family kinase (sfk) binding site is in the jmd (y559) (17). These molecules further propagate the csf-1 signal through activation of ras/erk, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt, and stat proteins." SIGNOR-127536 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 10514424 t miannu "Interaction with beta-TrCP is also necessary for ubiquitination of IkappaBbeta upon stimulation of cells, and deletion of the F-box in beta-TrCP abolishes its ability to ubiquitinate IkappaBbeta. Therefore, these results indicate that beta-TrCP plays a critical role in the activation of NF-kappaB by assembling the ubiquitin ligase complex for both phosphorylated IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta.β-TrCP recognizes IκBα phosphorylated at Ser-32 and Ser-36 through its WD40 domain, whereas the F-box motif recruits additional proteins including Skp1 and Cullin to form the Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex" SIGNOR-272555 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr86 YTLSRAQtVVVEYTH 9606 12496252 t lperfetto "In this article we demonstrate that pellino 1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites by irak1 or irak4 in vitro. The key residues involved in activation are located between residues 76 and 86 (ser-76, ser-78, thr-80, ser-82, and thr-86) and at thr-288 and ser-293, just n-terminal to the ring-like domain that carries the e3 ligase activity. Unusually, we found that the phosphorylation of ser-76 or thr-288 or ser-293 alone was sufficient for maximal activation" SIGNOR-96759 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001271 20596030 f lperfetto "Exposure of eol-1r cells to imatinib failed to dephosphorylate akt, erk and stat5, although pdgfralpha was effectively inactivated. The forced expression of pten negatively regulated these signal pathways and sensitized eol-1r cells to imatinib." SIGNOR-252638 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT ACOX1 protein Q15067 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "catalytic activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 29491006 t Monia "SIRT5‐mediated desuccinylation inhibits ACOX1 activity by suppressing its active dimer formation." SIGNOR-261210 SHPK protein Q9UHJ6 UNIPROT "sedoheptulose 7-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:15721 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation 9606 22682222 t miannu "The sedoheptulose kinase CARKL directs macrophage polarization through control of glucose metabolism. CARKL bridges glycolysis and PPP by catalyzing the formation of S7P from sedoheptulose" SIGNOR-267084 CNTFR protein P26992 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10582086 f gcesareni "Signal transduction by cntf requires that it bind first to cntfr alpha, permitting the recruitment of gp130 and lifr beta, forming a tripartite receptor complex. Cntf-induced heterodimerization of the beta receptor subunits leads to tyrosine phosphorylation (through constitutively associated jaks), and the activated receptor provides docking sites for sh2-containing signaling molecules, such as stat proteins." SIGNOR-72771 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-250570 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1493 NPPPSPAtERSHYTM 9606 16341017 t lperfetto "We show that wnt induces sequential phosphorylation of lrp6 by gsk3 and casein kinase 1, and this dual phosphorylation promotes the engagement of lrp6 with the scaffolding protein axin.Site ii, like site i, was phosphorylated, as detected by means of a phospho-specific antibody (ab1493, for phosphorylated t1493 in lrp6)" SIGNOR-143034 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1248 HGRAREGsFESRYQQ 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000661 1370476 t llicata "The observation that pka also phosphorylates plc-yl on serine 1248 suggests that phosphorylation of this residue may be a common mechanism by which pkc and pka inhibit plc-yl." SIGNOR-17901 SRGAP3 protein O43295 UNIPROT WASF1 protein Q92558 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12447388 t miannu "Wrp binds directly to wave-1 through its src homology domain 3 and specifically inhibits rac function in vivo." SIGNOR-95967 NR5A2 protein O00482 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001555 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254872 SMDT1 protein Q9H4I9 UNIPROT MCU_MICUB_variant complex SIGNOR-C499 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270861 Norbinaltorphimine chemical CHEBI:81529 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258821 RPS17 protein P08708 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262434 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGB6 protein Q9Y5F9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265684 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000848;BTO:0000527 10564661 t tpavlidou "We found that in vitro-translated 35s- labeled slimb indeed specifically bound to su(fu) in the gst pull-down assay. In our functional gli reporter assay, slimb alone did not alter gli-induced reporter expression;however, when cotransfected with hsu(fu), slimb significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of su(fu) on gli activity." SIGNOR-72240 GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT CTNNA3 protein Q9UI47 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002320 21598020 t miannu "GATA-4 and MEF2C are known to bind to the GATA box 2 in the major promoter of CTNNA3 and this element is essential in directly regulating expression of CTNNA3 in cardiac muscle cells. The co-transfection of GATA-4 with MEF2C leads to a synergistic activation of the CTNNA3 promoter" SIGNOR-265490 CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr172 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C15 15980064 t gcesareni "These data indicate that the camkks function in intact cells as ampkks, predicting wider roles for these kinases in regulating ampk activity in vivo." SIGNOR-138364 AARS1 protein P49588 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32314272 t miannu "Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N)." SIGNOR-270448 KIF13A protein Q9H1H9 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 30404817 t lperfetto "Recycling endosomes (REs) are transient endosomal tubular intermediates of early/sorting endosomes (E/SEs) that function in cargo recycling to the cell surface and deliver the cell type-specific cargo to lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes in melanocytes.|Taken together, these findings suggest that Rab22A promotes the assembly of a BLOC-1-BLOC-2-KIF13A complex on E/SEs to generate REs that maintain cellular and organelle homeostasis." SIGNOR-260703 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI 9606 16179259 t lperfetto "The antiviral protein kinase pkr inhibits protein synthesis by phosphorylating the translation initiation factor eif2alpha on ser51the protein kinases pkr, hri, perk, and gcn2 specifically phosphorylate ser51 on the _ subunit of the translation initiation factor eif2, a gtp binding protein that delivers the initiator methionyl-trna to the small ribosomal subunit in the first step of translation initiation. Phosphorylation of eif2_ converts eif2 from a substrate to an inhibitor of its gdp-gtp exchange factor eif2b, thereby blocking protein synthesis" SIGNOR-140656 cabazitaxel chemical CHEBI:63584 ChEBI TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21770474 t miannu "Among these, larotaxel (XRP9881, formerly RPR109881A)[3,4] and cabazitaxel (XRP6258, TXD258, RPR116258A)[5] share a mechanism of action unique to taxanes, promoting tubulin assembly and stabilizing microtubules against cold-induced depolymerization" SIGNOR-259340 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser407 SNGVESKsLTPALCR 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-141006 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18231581 f lperfetto "Induction and over-production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and INF-c, were considered to be main mediators in the pathogenesis of SARS" SIGNOR-260258 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT MYOF protein Q9NZM1 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23612709 f "Activated NFATc2 stimulates myoblast fusion through the increased production of IL-4 and myoferlin" SIGNOR-255461 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253184 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257479 RPL21 protein P46778 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262478 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser364 PLLSRMGsLRAPVDE 9606 12717439 t lperfetto "We report that checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2) regulates e2f-1 activity in response to the dna-damaging agent etoposide. A chk2 consensus phosphorylation site in e2f-1 is phosphorylated in response to dna damage" SIGNOR-100898 UCHL5 protein Q9Y5K5 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 17052192 t gcesareni "Smad7 can act as an adaptor able to recruit uch37 to the type i tgf-beta receptor. Consequently, uch37 dramatically up-regulates tgf-beta-dependent gene expression by de-ubiquitinating and stabilizing the type i tgf-beta receptor." SIGNOR-150135 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr507 KPDRKKRyTVVGNPY -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254711 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AFAP1 protein Q8N556 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr93 TSSLPEGyYEEAVPL 9534 9655255 t lperfetto "In this report, site-directed mutagenesis and a transient expression system that permits co-expression of activated pp60c-src (Src527F) and AFAP-110 in Cos-1 cells were used to identify the SH2-binding motif in AFAP-110. Four tyrosine residues, two in the amino terminus (Y93 and Y94) and two in the carboxy terminus (Y451 and Y453), were mutated to phenylalanine, significantly reducing overall steady-state levels of tyrosine phosphorylation and preventing Src527F from forming a stable complex with AFAP-110." SIGNOR-246359 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser463 SPHNPISsVS 9606 9335504 t llicata "The c terminus of smad1, which is phosphorylated directly by the bmp type i receptor at the ssvs sequence in contrast to the bmp-stimulated phosphorylation of smad1, which affects carboxy-terminal serines and induces nuclear accumulation of smad1, erk-mediated phosphorylation specifically inhibits the nuclear accumulation of smad1." SIGNOR-52666 SLC24A1 protein O60721 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264400 MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 FLISPPAsPPVGWKQ 9606 BTO:0000782 16126726 t gcesareni "Essential role of mekk3 signaling in angiotensin ii-induced calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated t-cells activation" SIGNOR-138945 LCMT1 protein Q9UIC8 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Leu309 RRTPDYFl -1 18394995 t lperfetto "Methylation of the carboxy-terminal Leu309 in a conserved TPDYFL309 motif of the C subunit has been shown to enhance the affinity of the PP2A core enzyme for some, but not all, regulatory subunits |The PP2A core enzyme was methylated by a PP2A-specific leucine carboxyl methyltransferase (LCMT1)" SIGNOR-265751 GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257322 P300/PCAF complex SIGNOR-C7 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys19 VKRLLGWkKSAGGSG 9606 17074756 t lperfetto "Acetylation of the short isoform of Smad2 improves its DNA binding activity in vitro and enhances its association with target promoters in vivo, thereby augmenting its transcriptional activity. Smad2(FL) and Smad2(_E3) were also acetylated by P/CAF in vivo and the acetylation of both proteins was lost following mutation of Lys19 (Fig. 2D), suggesting that Lys19 in Smad2 is also targeted by P/CAF." SIGNOR-217607 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003945 17457889 f lperfetto "Overexpression and siRNA experiments revealed that NPAS1, in concert with ARNT, negatively regulates the expression of TH and that this regulation is mediated by a direct binding of NPAS1 on the TH promoter." SIGNOR-253701 NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR down-regulates BTO:0001103 12361602 t apalma "Therefore, these genetic data further support the hypothesis that activation of Notch-1 promotes a less committed myogenic phenotype and that the attenuation of Notch-1 activity by Numb promotes progression along the myogenic lineage toward a myoblast cell fate." SIGNOR-255375 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT KCNA3 protein P22001 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr499 EGEEQSQyMHVGSCQ 9606 11812778 t gcesareni "The shaker family k+ channel protein, kv1.3, is tyrosine phosphorylated by v-src kinase at tyr137 and tyr449 to modulate current magnitude and kinetic properties." SIGNOR-114645 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GPI protein P06744 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser185 GPRVWYVsNIDGTHI 9606 BTO:0000459 15637053 t llicata "It is known that human PGI/AMF is phosphorylated at Ser(185) by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) | These results demonstrate that phosphorylation affects the allosteric kinetic properties of the enzyme, resulting in a less active form of PGI, whereas non-phosphorylated protein species retain cytokine activity. " SIGNOR-250869 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9155017 t gcesareni "We have identified a new subfamily of murine serine/threonine kinases, whose members, map kinase-interacting kinase 1 (mnk1) and mnk2, bind tightly to the growth factor-regulated map kinases, erk1 and erk2." SIGNOR-48352 G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938;BTO:0000567 25784705 t SARA "PKR directly interacts with G3BP1 through the NTF2-like and PXXP domains of G3BP1. The recruitment of inactive PKR to SGs through this interaction correlates with its activation" SIGNOR-260981 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14701735 f irozzo "Here we demonstrate that MLL-ENL immortalizes cells mainly through inducing a reversible block on myeloid differentiation that is dependent on upregulation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 and that enforced expression of these two genes is sufficient to substitute for MLL-ENL function." SIGNOR-255863 POLR3A protein O14802 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266133 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr992 LSRGQEVyVKKTMGR -1 11513602 t lperfetto "Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis of a tie2 autophosphorylation time course showed that tyr992 on the putative activation loop was phosphorylated first followed by tyr1108 in the c-terminal tail autophosphorylation of tie2 to produce ptie2 resulted in a 100-fold increase in kcat and a 460-fold increase in kcat/km." SIGNOR-109790 MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT ELOVL6 protein Q9H5J4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 27524233 t Luana "In this study, we clearly show that mouse and human Elovl6 are direct targets of ChREBP. " SIGNOR-267945 dabrafenib chemical CHEBI:75045 ChEBI RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24720932 t miannu "Dabrafenib is known to inhibit V600E, V600K and V600D BRAF enzymes with in vitro IC50 values of 0.65, 0.5 and 1.84 nM, respectively. Dabrafenib can inhibit wild-type BRAF and CRAF kinases with IC50 values of 3.2 and 5.0 nM. Other kinases (SIK1, NEK111 and LIMK1) can be inhibited by dabrafenib when administered in high concentrations" SIGNOR-259218 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A3 protein P55017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "We have shown that with-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) possesses several properties that suggest it could be the Cl−/volume-sensitive regulatory kinase that, in association with protein phosphatases, reciprocally modifies the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of the SLC12 proteins and thus their activities|WNK3 activates NKCC1/2 and NCC and inhibits the KCCs" SIGNOR-264624 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "The first RAS effector pathway to be identified was the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. This pathway is an essential, shared element of mitogenic signaling involving tyrosine kinase receptors, leading to a wide range of cellular responses, including growth, differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis.23 The RAF family of proteins (Raf-1, A-Raf, and B-Raf) is serine/threonine kinases that bind to the effector region of RAS-GTP, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-236656 D-glucitol smallmolecule CHEBI:17924 ChEBI FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000312 33172210 f "We found that osmotic stress robustly induced nuclear loss of TDP-43, SPFQ, FUS, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPK, with characteristic changes in nucleocytoplasmic localisation in an RBP-dependent manne" SIGNOR-262813 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257641 ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20952656 t miannu "ACC catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting and first committed step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Two isoforms of ACC exist in mammals, ACC1 and ACC2, and both enzymes function to carboxylate acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA" SIGNOR-267109 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 11283607 t gcesareni "Rock i is cleaved by casp3 at a conserved detd1113/g sequence and its carboxy-terminal inhibitory domain is removed, resulting in deregulated and constitutive kinase activity." SIGNOR-256460 TRIM38 protein O00635 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22323536 t miannu "As an E3 ligase, TRIM38 bound to TRAF6 and promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination, which led to the proteasomal degradation of TRAF6. " SIGNOR-272009 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr57 LSSTPLStPCSSVPS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159398 GSK690693 chemical CHEBI:90677 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258118 KDM5D protein Q9BY66 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‚Äê and di‚Äê methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-265336 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr581 PDNQPLKtPCFTLHY 9606 18267068 t gcesareni "Together, our in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the pkc/c-raf/mek/erk pathway plays a major role in the s6k1 activation in hypertrophic cardiac growth." SIGNOR-160787 BABAM2 protein Q9NXR7 UNIPROT "BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex" complex SIGNOR-C295 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14636569 t lperfetto "These findings identify BRCC as a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex that enhances cellular survival following DNA damage.|Reconstitution of a recombinant four-subunit complex containing BRCA1/BARD1/BRCC45/BRCC36 revealed an enhanced E3 ligase activity compared to that of BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer" SIGNOR-263209 MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Gly1446 TPLQLFEgRRNRRRR -1 17204478 t lperfetto "MASP-2 cleaves C4 releasing C4a and generating C4b, which attaches covalently to the pathogen surface upon exposure of its reactive thioester. C2 binds to C4b and is also cleaved by MASP-2 to form the C3 convertase (C4b2a)." SIGNOR-263437 NADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58349 ChEBI NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34775382 t miannu "6 PG undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) producing Ru5P and the second NADPH molecule." SIGNOR-268111 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 18801898 f gcesareni "Akt/mTOR signaling is a key target that accounts for myostatin function during muscle atrophy, uncovering a novel role for myostatin in protein metabolism and more specifically in the regulation of translation in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-243185 "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp116 DNEAYVHdAPVRSLN -1 1919001 t lperfetto "IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE) specifically cleaves the human IL-1 beta precursor at two sequence-related sites: Asp27-Gly28 (site 1) and Asp116-Ala117 (site 2). Cleavage at Asp116-Ala117 results in the generation of mature, biologically active IL-1 beta. " SIGNOR-256376 "perfluorodecanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:35546 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31332417 t miannu "In the present study, we demonstrated PFASs bound to and activated human PPARb/d-LBD directly. The PPARb/d binding potency and transcriptional activity of PFASs were all related to the carbon chain length and the terminal functional group." SIGNOR-268758 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT FAM83G protein A6ND36 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser610 GPGPRRPsVASSVSE 9606 24554596 t lperfetto "These results indicate that ALK3 phosphorylates PAWS1 predominantly at Ser610 but can also phosphorylate at Ser614 and Ser616 in vitro. |Here, we report the discovery and characterization of PAWS1/FAM83G as a novel SMAD1 interactor. PAWS1 forms a complex with SMAD1 in a SMAD4-independent manner, and BMP signalling induces the phosphorylation of PAWS1 through BMPR1A. The phosphorylation of PAWS1 in response to BMP is essential for activation of the SMAD4-independent BMP target genes NEDD9 and ASNS. Our findings identify PAWS1 as the first non-SMAD substrate for type I BMP receptor kinases and as a novel player in the BMP pathway." SIGNOR-264765 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser657 QSDFEGFsYVNPQFV 9606 15277524 t lperfetto "Pkc is frequently autophosphorylated on two c-terminal sites, the turn motif (thr- 638 in human pkc) and the hydrophobic site (ser-657 in human pkc). Thus, it is becoming clear that autophosphorylation of pkc can be a regulated event and that it has significant impact on pkc function" SIGNOR-127253 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT SNAIL/RELA/PARP1 complex SIGNOR-C198 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000452;BTO:0002625 22223884 t alessandro "Therefore, we conclude that the endogenous proteins PARP1, p65NF-κB and Snail1 form a ternary complex in the nuclei of cells that are actively expressing fibronectin" SIGNOR-254527 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000394 20658528 t lperfetto "We also show that major circadian transcriptional regulators CLOCK and Bmal1 directly regulate the activity of vWF promoter and that lack of Bmal1 results in upregulation of vWF both at mRNA and protein level. Here we report a direct regulation of vWF expression in endothelial cells by biological clock gene Bmal1. This study establishes a mechanistic connection between Bmal1 and cardiovascular phenotype." SIGNOR-253704 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14967450 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." lperfetto "The molecular requirements for diacylglycerol (dag) and calcium (ca2+) to promote pkc membrane translocation, the hallmark of pkc activation, have been clarified." SIGNOR-242599 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT ATXN1 protein P54253 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 24326307 t miannu "HOTAIR associates with E3 ubiquitin ligases bearing RNA-binding domains, Dzip3 and Mex3b, as well as with their respective ubiquitination substrates, Ataxin-1 and Snurportin-1. In this manner, HOTAIR facilitates the ubiquitination of Ataxin-1 by Dzip3 and Snurportin-1 by Mex3b in cells and in vitro, and accelerates their degradation." SIGNOR-272078 BTG2 protein P78543 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 21172304 f "Androgen-induced promoter activation and expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are significantly attenuated by BTG2." SIGNOR-253658 KANK1 protein Q14678 UNIPROT BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 19171758 t miannu "In this study, we report that Kank disrupts the function of active Rac1 through IRSp53. The binding between IRSp53 and Kank inhibits the association of active Rac1 with IRSp53 rather than the association of active cdc42 with IRSp53. Kank inhibits the formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles induced by active Rac1 in NIH3T3 cells. Kank interacts with IRSp53 through their coiled-coil domains. Kank affected the interaction between IRSp53 and Rac1 and partially affected that between IRSp53 and cdc42 (Fig. 3)." SIGNOR-265553 acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "hexadecanoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15756 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15507492 t miannu "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-268089 ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT "WAVE complex" complex SIGNOR-C271 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15070726 t lperfetto "Here we purify Wave-2 from HeLa cells. Five proteins, Sra, Nap, Wave-2, Abi, and Hspc, are copurified, indicating that they form a tight complex. " SIGNOR-261872 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000037 15824735 f miannu "three of the nine targets had been identified previously as candidate TSGs (DOC-2/DAB2, CDKN1C and SPARC) and all were upregulated by wild-type pVHL." SIGNOR-255602 S100A4 protein P26447 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0005138 16707441 t miannu "Our results show that S100A4 regulates cell polarization during directed motility by affecting the localization of protrusions through interactions with myosin-IIA, with S100A4 expressing cells displaying few side protrusions and extensive forward protrusions during chemotaxis compared with control cells. The mechanisms by which these antibodies and S100A4 increase protrusive activity and promote cellular motility are not well understood, but the observation that S100A4 can inhibit the actin-activated ATPase of myosin-IIA (34) suggests that S100A4 could function as a myosin-IIA inhibitor in vivo." SIGNOR-269282 DYRK4 protein Q9NR20 UNIPROT DYRK4 protein Q9NR20 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr264 SSCYEHQkVYTYIQS 9606 21127067 t Manara "Autophosphorylation of DYRK4 in the Activation Loop Is Required for Kinase Activity" SIGNOR-260827 WNT6 protein Q9Y6F9 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131891 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257992 RAB8A protein P61006 UNIPROT Cilium_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH64 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18694559 f miannu "CEP290 cooperates with Rab8a to promote ciliogenesis and this function is antagonized by CP110" SIGNOR-252148 "bisphenol A" chemical CHEBI:33216 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9751507 t miannu "Bisphenol A is an equally strong agonist for ERα as for ERβ, and the same is true for 4,4′-biphenol, which differs from bisphenol A in that it lacks the propane group between the phenolic rings." SIGNOR-268738 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12058061 t gcesareni "In the cytoplasm, 14-3-3 proteins bind the phosphorylated hdac5 and retain it in the cytosol." SIGNOR-89444 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR CRKL protein P46109 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr207 IPEPAHAyAQPQTTT 9606 BTO:0001271 9053848 t lperfetto "Tyrosine 207 in crkl is the bcr/abl phosphorylation sitephosphorylation of y207 provides a binding site for the crkl sh2 domain and potentially for other sh2-containing proteins." SIGNOR-46893 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 YLDSGIHsGATTTAP 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 t lperfetto "This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-227889 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser200 YSGDSDAsSPRSNCS 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "Cyclin e/cdk2 can phosphorylate myod at serine 200, which causes ubiquitination and degradation of this transcription factor during g1, preventing its accumulation and a commitment to differentiation." SIGNOR-216706 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Downstream of caspase-8 activation, apoptosis induction takes place" SIGNOR-256639 RABGEF1 protein Q9UJ41 UNIPROT RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11452015 t miannu "We have previously shown that rab5, which regulates various steps of transport along the early endocytic pathway, is activated by a complex consisting of rabex-5, a rab5 nucleotide exchange factor, and the effector rabaptin-5." SIGNOR-109398 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT Cell_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH38 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23151663 f amattioni "Planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling is prominently involved in the regulation of cell polarity, cell motility and morphogenetic movements, throught the activation of JUN transcription factor." SIGNOR-229760 TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205437 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser600 PARQRIRsCVSAENF 9606 12409306 t esanto "Ser(600) in ark5 was found to be phosphorylated by active akt resulting in the activation of kinase activity." SIGNOR-252591 PRPS2 protein P11908 UNIPROT "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16939420 t miannu "PRPP (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate) is an important metabolite essential for nucleotide synthesis and PRS (PRPP synthetase) catalyses synthesis of PRPP from R5P (ribose 5-phosphate) and ATP." SIGNOR-267081 PDE1C protein Q14123 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22014080 t "PDE1A and PDE1B preferentially hydrolyse cGMP, whereas PDE1C hydrolyses cAMP and cGMP with similar Km values" SIGNOR-253399 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 BTO:0000007 11154281 t lperfetto "We show here that sgk1, like akt, promotes cell survival and that it does so in part by phosphorylating and inactivating fkhrl1. However, sgk and akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on fkhrl1. While both kinases can phosphorylate thr-32, sgk displays a marked preference for ser-315 whereas akt favors ser-253." SIGNOR-252989 EIF3J protein O75822 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266391 PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265803 PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr435 PTQAGEGtLSEALLQ 9606 15073167 t "Suppression of MEK/ERK signaling pathway enhances cisplatin-induced NF-kappaB activation by protein phosphatase 4-mediated NF-kappaB p65 Thr dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-248549 KLF6 protein Q99612 UNIPROT ATF3 protein P18847 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001321 18755691 t Luana "KLF6 binds directly to and activates the ATF3 promoter." SIGNOR-266051 CDC73 protein Q6P1J9 UNIPROT PAF1C complex SIGNOR-C471 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20178742 t miannu "Human PAF1C was affinity purified from a FLAG-hPAF1 HeLa cell line and found to contain homologues (hCTR9, hLEO1, hPAF1, hCDC73 and hRTF1) of the five yeast PAF1C subunits, as well as the SKI8 subunit unique to hPAF1C (Figure 1A). " SIGNOR-269836 betrixaban chemical CHEBI:140421 ChEBI F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19297154 t Luana "Discovery of betrixaban (PRT054021), N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-(4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzamido)-5-methoxybenzamide, a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor." SIGNOR-257817 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT SNCB protein Q16143 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr127 EDPPQEEyQEYEPEA 9606 21699177 t llicata "Chk preferentially phosphorylates recombinant _-synuclein at tyrosine-127" SIGNOR-174590 NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT NOX3 protein Q9HBY0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20943948 t lperfetto "Tks4 and Tks5 bind NoxA1 through their SH3 domains in a Rac-independent manner|NoxO1 is required for full Nox1 and Nox3 oxidase activity at least partially because of its role in the plasma membrane recruitment of the NoxA1 activator protein|Tks4 and Tks5 support Nox1- and Nox3-dependent ROS generation" SIGNOR-264711 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser529 GLPNGLLsGDEDFSS 9606 10938077 t gcesareni "Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on Ser529 is controlled by casein kinase II.|Furthermore, our results indicate that the association between IkappaBalpha and p65 inhibits p65 phosphorylation by CKII and that degradation of IkappaBalpha allows CKII to phosphorylate p65 to increase NF-kappaB transactivation potential." SIGNOR-149635 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser172 LCLSPASsGSSASFI 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252316 DPP10 protein Q8N608 UNIPROT KCND2 protein Q9NZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 BTO:0000298 15454437 t Luisa "Coexpression of DPP10 changes the subcellular localization of Kv4.2 expressed in COS-7 cells by promoting surface trafficking.DPP10 accelerates Kv4.2 inactivation at high and low voltages" SIGNOR-269006 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT WRN protein Q14191 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1141 PEKAYSSsQPVISAQ -1 10608806 t llicata "We determined a general phosphorylation consensus sequence for ATM and identified putative in vitro targets by using glutathione S-transferase peptides as substrates. Putative ATM in vitro targets include p95/nibrin, Mre11, Brca1, Rad17, PTS, WRN, and ATM (S440) itself." SIGNOR-250577 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr383 GETSLMRtLCGTPTY 9606 BTO:0000007 11901158 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-68 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated is necessary for efficient activation of chk2 when cells are exposed to ionizing radiation. By an unknown mechanism, this initial event promotes additional autophosphorylation events including modifications of thr-383 and thr-387" SIGNOR-116127 HNRNPH1 protein P31943 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 9858532 t lperfetto "HnRNP H is a component of a splicing enhancer complex that activates a c-src alternative exon in neuronal cells." SIGNOR-261273 RSPO2 protein Q6UXX9 UNIPROT LGR4 protein Q9BXB1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21693646 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that lgr4 and lgr5 bind the r-spondins with high affinity and mediate the potentiation of wnt/betBeta-catenin signaling by enhancing wnt-induced lrp6 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-174486 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Downstream of caspase-8 activation, apoptosis induction takes place" SIGNOR-256549 GCC2 protein Q8IWJ2 UNIPROT M6PR protein P20645 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 18195106 t lperfetto "Rab9-dependent transport from late endosomes to the Golgi requires the Rab9 effectors p40 (Diaz et al., 1997) and TIP47 (Diaz and Pfeffer, 1998), a protein that recognizes the cytoplasmic domains of the two types of MPRs and packages them into nascent transport vesicles (Carroll et al., 2001). MPR recycling also utilizes a TGN-localized coiled-coil protein named GCC185 that is also a Rab9 effector" SIGNOR-253086 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15356145 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb2-associated binder 2 on serine 623 by erk mapk regulates its association with the phosphatase shp-2 and decreases stat5 activation.We and others have demonstrated that il-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of gab2 and its interaction with its sh2 domain-containing partners, shp-2, p85 pi3k, and crkl (5, 26, 27). we report that pretreatment of kit 225 cells with the mek inhibitor u0126, strongly decreased the characteristic shift of gab2 in response to il-2 and increased gab2/shp-2 association, an effect that could be ascribed to erk phosphorylation of serine 623." SIGNOR-270133 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr742 KQADTTQyVPMLERK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254713 NUPR1 protein O60356 UNIPROT ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 19946894 f lperfetto "Nuclear protein 1 induced by ATF4 in response to various stressors acts as a positive regulator on the transcriptional activation of ATF4." SIGNOR-253731 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 30889378 t miannu "SRC can directly phosphorylate and inhibit LATS" SIGNOR-259056 ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT TCF12 protein Q99081 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C128 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241131 LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr161;Tyr200 DDYHNPGyLVVLPDS;SMESIDDyVNVPESG 11368773 t lperfetto "By substituting these tyrosine residues in LAT with phenylalanine and by utilizing phosphorylated peptides derived from these sites, we mapped the tyrosine residues in LAT required for the direct interaction and activation of Vav, p85/p110alpha and phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1). Our results indicate that Tyr(226) and Tyr(191) are required for Vav binding, whereas Tyr(171) and Tyr(132) are necessary for association and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and PLCgamma1 respectively." SIGNOR-246050 TALDO1 protein P37837 UNIPROT "D-erythrose 4-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:16897 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19401148 t miannu "Transaldolase (TAL, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone transferase; EC number 2.2.1.2) is a cofactor-less enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig. 1A and B). It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a three carbon unit (‚Äúdihydroxyacetone‚Äù) between various sugar phosphates (from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in length). Physiological donor compounds are ketose sugar phosphates as fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Acceptor compounds are aldose sugar phosphates as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate." SIGNOR-267092 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 10090 BTO:0002572 18423396 t lperfetto "Akt1/PKBalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-236209 RCOR1 protein Q9UKL0 UNIPROT "CoREST-HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C105 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11171972 t miannu "Here we describe the components of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that we term the CoREST-HDAC complex. CoREST Is a Component of an HDAC1/2 Complex. p40 is a Sox-like protein, p110b contains homology to polyamine oxidases, p110a is ZNF217, an eight-zinc finger protein, and p80 is a hypothetical protein of unknown function." SIGNOR-222115 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser768 EPLERRLsLVPDSEQ 9606 19095655 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates CFTR in vitro at two essential serines (Ser737and Ser768) in the R domain, formerly identified as ""inhibitory"" PKA sites." SIGNOR-18141 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 16501611 t "Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway." SIGNOR-248556 POLR2K protein P53803 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266168 4-aminopyridine smallmolecule CHEBI:34385 ChEBI KCNJ13 protein O60928 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9620703 t miannu "Figure 4 shows the response of Kir7.1 to increasing [Ba2+]o. The EC50 for Ba2+ block was 1 mM (Figure 4C), independent of the type of cell in which the channel was expressed. Other known inward rectifier K+ channels are sensitive to inhibition at much lower concentrations" SIGNOR-258924 GRIA3 protein P42263 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264949 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000815 18570872 t miannu " In this report, we show that cIAP1 and cIAP2 promote cancer cell survival by functioning as E3 ubiquitin ligases that maintain constitutive ubiquitination of the RIP1 adaptor protein. We demonstrate that AEG40730, a compound modeled on BIR-binding tetrapeptides, binds to cIAP1 and cIAP2, facilitates their autoubiquitination and proteosomal degradation, and causes a dramatic reduction in RIP1 ubiquitination. We show that cIAP1 and cIAP2 directly ubiquitinate RIP1 and induce constitutive RIP1 ubiquitination in cancer cells and demonstrate that constitutively ubiquitinated RIP1 associates with the prosurvival kinase TAK1." SIGNOR-272637 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 15592458 t gcesareni "Here, we report that the 45-kda variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase tcptp (tc45) can recognize delta egfr as a cellular substrate" SIGNOR-132316 BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 "BTO:0002418;BTO:0002552;BTO:0000018; BTO:0002207;BTO:0002203" 23725574 f irozzo "Our data suggested that increased expression of BAD enhance apoptosis and has negative influence on cell proliferation and tumor growth in NSCLC. Bad is a new potential target for tumor interventions." SIGNOR-256260 ZNF304 protein Q9HCX3 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000391 24623306 t Luana "Finally, we show that ZNF304 also directs transcriptional silencing of INK4-ARF in human embryonic stem cells." SIGNOR-266099 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys226 HPRLQALkEEPQTVP 9606 SIGNOR-C154 16055711 t lperfetto "We report here that lysine 265 of c-Fos is conjugated by the peptidic posttranslational modifiers SUMO-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3 and that c-Jun can be sumoylated on lysine 257 as well as on the previously described lysine 229. Sumoylation of c-Fos preferentially occurs in the context of c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers.|Inhibition of c-Fos and c-Jun sumoylation stimulates AP-1-dependent transcription activity." SIGNOR-263002 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser398 DSLPSSPsSATPHSQ -1 14709557 t miannu "Stimulation of the AMP-activated Protein Kinase Leads to Activation of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase and to Its Phosphorylation at a Novel Site, Serine 398. phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase at Ser-398 leads to an increase in its activity." SIGNOR-250157 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Gln-tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29166 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270390 "Class I MHC" complex SIGNOR-C425 SIGNOR "Class I MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C426 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33374673 t scontino "The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, or human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans, bind these peptides to present them to T cells that recognise them with their surface T cell receptors (TCR)." SIGNOR-267774 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ADD2 protein P35612 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser726 KKKEKVEs -1 8810272 t lperfetto "Ser-726 and Ser-713 in the C-terminal MARCKS-related domains of alpha- and beta-adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites for PKC." SIGNOR-248953 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "14-3-3 blocks bad activity by promoting ser-155 phosphorylation, which induces the dissociation of bad and bcl-xl. in the presence of survival factor il-3, cells phosphorylated bad on two serine residues embedded in 14-3-3 consensus binding sites. Only the nonphosphorylated bad heterodimerized with bcl-x(l) at membrane sites to promote cell death." SIGNOR-81106 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT CALCOCO1 protein Q9P1Z2 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272688 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DGKA protein P23743 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr335 ILPPSSIyPSVLASG 9606 17700527 t llicata "Diacylglycerol kinase-alpha phosphorylation by src on y335 is required for activation, membrane recruitment and hgf-induced cell motility." SIGNOR-157365 NFE2L3 protein Q9Y4A8 UNIPROT NQO1 protein P15559 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 15385560 t lperfetto "Deletion mutation analysis revealed that Nrf3 repression of NQO1 gene expression required heterodimerization and DNA binding domains but not transcriptional activation domain of Nrf3." SIGNOR-268976 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser17 ARRSYVSsGEMMVGG -1 7822264 t llicata "On the other hand, GFAP was phosphorylated to approximately 1.9 mol of phosphate/mol of GFAP by Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase II, and this phosphorylation did induce disassembly of the filament. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides revealed that only Ser8 on GFAP was phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase, whereas Ser13, Ser17, Ser34, and Ser389 on GFAP were phosphorylated by Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase II." SIGNOR-250627 SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12717443 t miannu "Here we show that mammalian Sprouty4 suppresses vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced, Ras-independent activation of Raf1 but does not affect epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced, Ras-dependent activation of Raf1. Sprouty4 binds to Raf1 through its carboxy-terminal cysteine-rich domain, and this binding is necessary for the inhibitory activity of Sprouty4." SIGNOR-253033 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0005065 17673906 t lperfetto "We now report that upon TGF-_ stimulation, T_RI phosphorylates ShcA on serine and, to a lesser degree, on tyrosine to activate Erk MAP kinases." SIGNOR-227503 INO80E protein Q8NBZ0 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270845 PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT Fibrinolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH6 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 1447176 f lperfetto "The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin can occur by several different mechanisms, but it appears that the most important in uiuo activator is tPA (2). tPA, M, = 70,000, is present in plasma as a single-chain serine protease, but proteolytic cleavage of the Agr275-Ile276 bond in tPA by plasmin yields a disulfide-linked two-chain enzyme" SIGNOR-263535 DUSP5 protein Q16690 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10224087 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Extracellular regulated kinases (erk) 1 and erk2 are authentic substrates for the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase vhr. A novel role in down-regulating the erk pathway" SIGNOR-269932 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr276 SDEDDEVyQVTVYQA 9606 21081495 t lperfetto "Mdm2 has three known c-abl phosphorylation sites (tyr276, tyr394, and tyr405)these data show that c-abl is important for reducing mdm2 and mdmx protein levels after genotoxic stress and suggest another cellular mechanism for the stabilization and activation of p53." SIGNOR-169699 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT UGCG protein Q16739 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000738 15342415 f miannu "the results suggest that transcriptional up-regulation of GCS through DOX-induced activation of Sp1 is one potential mechanism to regulate ceramide increase and apoptosis in HL-60/ADR cells." SIGNOR-255205 STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 11036064 t miannu "We propose that all these neurexin complexes can interact with Munc18. Both Mint1 and Mint2 could function as direct adaptors of Munc18 to neurexins, whereas Mint1 in addition could recruit Munc18 to CASK-neurexin (Fig. 5 B)." SIGNOR-264040 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation." SIGNOR-272714 ZFPM1 protein Q8IX07 UNIPROT Megakaryocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH103 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 22068055 f "We here use conditional removal of the GATA-1 and FOG-1 transcription factors to identify FOG-1 as required for the formation of all committed Mk- and E-lineage progenitors, whereas GATA-1 was observed to be specifically required for E-lineage commitment." SIGNOR-259963 (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-6-(phenylmethylene)-1,2,4,5,7a,13-hexahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-one chemical CHEBI:125500 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258776 SMOC1 protein Q9H4F8 UNIPROT COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20359165 f lperfetto "The expression of several osteoblast differentiation markers (ALP, COL1, OPN, ON, BSP and OC) was higher in SMOC1-overexpressing cells than in emptyvector-expressing cells" SIGNOR-260404 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15276472 t lperfetto "Gsk3 was previously shown to directly phosphorylate the n-terminal regulatory domain of nfatc1, thus antagonizing the action of calcineurin and inhibiting nuclear shuttling of nfat." SIGNOR-179784 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser824 AVRIRGKsYVQCQGI 9606 10224060 t gcesareni "Akt kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of htert subunit as one of its substrate proteins." SIGNOR-67317 CCNC protein P24863 UNIPROT CyclinC/CDK19 complex SIGNOR-C544 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004173 25344755 t lperfetto "We found that in MOLT-16 cells cyclin C physically interacts with CDK19 (Fig. 5a) and activates its kinase activity (Fig. 5e and Supplementary Fig. 4f,g)." SIGNOR-273154 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr451 KRTRSKGtLRYMSPE 9606 BTO:0001286 17404396 t gcesareni "Our data indicated that phosphorylation of pkr at thr(451) is mediated through erk2 and rsk2, but not through p38 kinase." SIGNOR-154183 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 12857726 t gcesareni "The tyrosine kinase pp60c-src has also been identified as a good substrate of ptp1b leading to an activation of this kinase (27)." SIGNOR-103607 MRAP protein Q8TCY5 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce the surface expression of MC4R and also the signaling of this receptor. we observed a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of MC4R and MC5R in the presence of MRAP and MRAP2. It is interesting that MRAP and MRAP2 have opposite effects in the modulation of different MCR family members." SIGNOR-252364 ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16051604 t lperfetto "Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein/thrombospondin 5 (COMP/TSP5) is a major component of the extracellular matrix of the musculoskeletal system. " SIGNOR-266983 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2E2 protein Q96LR5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271317 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr227 AVSLLACyLKSRQTP 9606 BTO:0001154 11714793 t lperfetto "Mutation of a defined region of the intracellular signaling portion of IL-15Ralpha (Tyr227) abrogates both the IL-15Ralpha/Syk association and IL-15Ralpha phosphorylation. Taken together, this suggests that Syk kinase physically and functionally associates with the IL-15Ralpha chain in B cells and that Syk plays a key role in mediating IL-15-induced signal transduction, thus accounting for the distinct functional consequences of IL-15 vs IL-2 binding to B cells" SIGNOR-246556 HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15328349 t gcesareni "Htra2 promotes cell death by binding and degrading the anti-apoptotic protein pea15" SIGNOR-126966 VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR USP33 protein Q8TEY7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 11739384 t miannu " Finally, we demonstrate that VDU1 is able to be ubiquitinated via a pVHL-dependent pathway for proteasomal degradation, and VHL mutations that disrupt the interaction between VDU1 and pVHL abrogate the ubiquitination of VDU1. Our findings indicate that VDU1, a novel ubiquitin-specific processing protease, is a downstream target for ubiquitination and degradation by pVHL E3 ligase. Targeted degradation of VDU1 by pVHL could be crucial for regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway." SIGNOR-272623 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser196 KLRRRFSsLHFMVEV 9606 BTO:0000938 10529400 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylation site found in human caspase-9 is absent in mouse caspase-9BAD phosphorylation by Akt is an essential step for growth factor-mediated inhibition of caspase activation" SIGNOR-252585 ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19878745 t Manara "We show that ULK3 is able to phosphorylate three mammalian GLI proteins in vitro" SIGNOR-260799 BAZ1B protein Q9UIG0 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 20965415 f gcesareni "H2ax tyr142 is constitutively phosphorylated by the kinase wstf, a member of the baz/wal family of chromatin remodelling enzymes, and blocks mdc1 recruitment" SIGNOR-168831 MCRIP1 protein C9JLW8 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25728771 t lperfetto "CtBP is recruited to promoter elements of target genes by interacting with the DNA-binding transcriptional repressor ZEB1. We found that MCRIP1 binds to CtBP, thereby competitively inhibiting CtBP-ZEB1 interaction. When phosphorylated by ERK, MCRIP1 dissociates from CtBP, allowing CtBP to interact with ZEB1. In this manner, the CtBP co-repressor complex is recruited to, and silences, the E-cadherin promoter by inducing chromatin modifications." SIGNOR-264776 PIGG protein Q5H8A4 UNIPROT PIGO protein Q8TEQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 15632136 t miannu "We show that the human homolog of Gpi7p, termed hGPI7, binds to and is stabilized by PIG-F and that hGPI7 competes with PIG-O for binding to PIG-F. PIG-F Binds to and Stabilizes hGPI7 and PIG-O Independently. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression of hGPI7 decreases the biosynthetic activity of PIG-O by decreasing the available PIG-F, thereby destabilizing PIG-O." SIGNOR-261359 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 10949034 t lperfetto "Activation of estrogen receptor alpha by s118 phosphorylation involves a ligand-dependent interaction with tfiih and participation of cdk7." SIGNOR-81170 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser612 MYLSPVRsPKKKGST 9606 17380128 t llicata "These results suggest that ser612 is phosphorylated by chk1/2 after dna damage, leading to the formation of prb-e2f-1. phosphorylation of prb at ser612 enhanced the formation of a complex between prb and e2f-1" SIGNOR-153904 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24332717 t "In animals, the first three reactions of the pathway are catalyzed by CAD, an 240 kDa multifunctional protein that combines glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase (GLNCPSase), aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase), and dihydroorotase (DHOase) activities" SIGNOR-267199 MAP3K6 protein O95382 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr838 GINPCTEtFTGTLQY 9606 17210579 t Manara "These results suggested that ASK2 activates ASK1 by direct phosphorylation of Thr838 of ASK1." SIGNOR-260773 FNTB protein P49356 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24294527 t lperfetto "Major investments have been made to target Ras through indirect routes. Inhibition of farnesyl transferase to block Ras maturation has failed in large clinical trials." SIGNOR-242565 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr315 RADNDKEyLVLTLTK 9606 11948419 t gcesareni "Thus, y240a and y315a are involved in the ability of mmac/pten to dephosphorylate ptdins and regulate tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-116499 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT GDF15 protein Q99988 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255527 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser608 ENTEDQYsLVEDDED 10090 BTO:0000944 15016818 t "Protein phosphatase-2C alpha as a positive regulator of insulin sensitivity through direct activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes|PP2Cα dephosphorylates the p85 subunit of PI3K, and dephosphorylation of the p85 subunit of PI3K at Ser608 increases its activity" SIGNOR-248489 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAP2 protein Q9UGK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr310 LPNQEENyVTPIGDG BTO:0000007 12540842 t lperfetto "To examine this possibility, STAP-2 was co-transfected with constitutively active tyrosine kinases in HEK-293 cells. STAP-2 was strongly phosphorylated by various tyrosine kinases, including v-Src (Fig.2 A-a), a JAK2 tyrosine kinase |On the other hand, the phosphorylation levels of Y22F, Y310F, and Y322F by GST-JH1 were reduced to 80€“60% of the levels of wild-type STAP-2, which suggests that these three are potential phosphorylation sites by activated JAK2." SIGNOR-249372 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT Neural_tissue_regeneration phenotype SIGNOR-PH68 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 15212950 f miannu "The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is involved in the development and maintenance of neural tissues. In normal development, GDNF promotes survival of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and spinal motorneurons. It even promotes regeneration of spinal motor neurons after spinal cord injury." SIGNOR-252170 DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 8500166 f "This indicates that pref-1 functions as a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation, possibly in a manner analogous to EGF-like proteins that govern cell fate decisions in invertebrates." SIGNOR-254980 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3Y2 protein P0DPK5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkATAWQAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269615 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 10611223 t lperfetto "Pak phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo on ser112 and ser136, resulting in a markedly reduced interaction between bad and bcl-2 or bcl-x(l) and the increased association of bad with 14-3-3tau." SIGNOR-73533 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT KIF13B protein Q9NQT8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1410 SNKGRWEsQQDVSQT 9534 BTO:0000298 20194617 t miannu "We report here the identification of GAKIN/KIF13B as a novel in vivo substrate for Par1b and present evidence that GAKIN/KIF13B plays a critical role in axon formation in neurons, which is negatively regulated by Par1b-mediated phosphorylation. Par1b phosphorylates GAKIN/KIF13B at both Ser1381 and Ser1410." SIGNOR-262956 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000527 15808505 t gcesareni "Here, we identify a protein phosphatase, ph domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (phlpp), that specifically dephosphorylates the hydrophobic motif of akt (ser473 in akt1), triggering apoptosis and suppressing tumor growth.[...] These data are consistent with phlpp terminating akt signaling by directly dephosphorylating and inactivating akt." SIGNOR-135046 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RLIM protein Q9NVW2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271054 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser15 QEKRRQIsIRGIVGV 9606 BTO:0002049 22225877 t "It is well-characterized that GP is activated by PhK-mediated serine phosphorylation at Ser-15" SIGNOR-267399 AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0000988 21317537 t lperfetto "WNK kinases acted as scaffolds to recruit SPAK, which phosphorylated CFTR and NBCe1-B, reducing their cell surface expression. IRBIT opposed the effects of WNKs and SPAK by recruiting PP1 to the complex to dephosphorylate CFTR and NBCe1-B, restoring their cell surface expression," SIGNOR-264645 TAK-875 chemical CID:24857286 PUBCHEM FFAR1 protein O14842 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207182 TALDO1 protein P37837 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19401148 t miannu "Transaldolase (TAL, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone transferase; EC number 2.2.1.2) is a cofactor-less enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig. 1A and B). It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a three carbon unit (“dihydroxyacetone”) between various sugar phosphates (from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in length). Physiological donor compounds are ketose sugar phosphates as fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Acceptor compounds are aldose sugar phosphates as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate." SIGNOR-267090 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT FARSB protein Q9NSD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269404 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257025 TNC protein P24821 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 7559467 t lperfetto "The human integrin alpha 8 beta 1 functions as a receptor for tenascin, fibronectin, and vitronectin." SIGNOR-253306 CENPI protein Q92674 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265213 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 23531613 f "AMPK phosphorylation was increased nearly fourfold (Fig. 2C) with the high dose of IL-6" SIGNOR-255338 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT IBTK protein Q9P2D0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1203 LHSVSSKsFRDFLLE 9606 BTO:0000776 21482705 t llicata "We found that ibtk_ is phosphorylated at serines 87 and 90 by pkc on bcr engagement;this phosphorylation causes the dissociation of the btk:ibtk_ complex and allows btk to translocate to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-173387 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione chemical CHEBI:74947 ChEBI CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 20223979 t gcesareni "We identified cereblon (CRBN) as a thalidomide-binding protein. CRBN forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) and Cul4A that is important for limb outgrowth and expression of the fibroblast growth factor Fgf8 in zebrafish and chicks" SIGNOR-234786 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT MYOD/E12E47 complex SIGNOR-C127 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001103 18094043 t lperfetto "MyoD omodimers or heterodimers of MyoD plus E12 or E47 serve as transcription factor complexes that bind to CANNTG consensus sites in the promoter regions of genes, performing major functions in specification and differentiation of skeletl muscle precursor cells." SIGNOR-241548 maraviroc chemical CHEBI:63608 ChEBI CCL3 protein P10147 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193928 COL18A1 protein P39060 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 12682293 t gcesareni "The activity of human endostatin is mediated by alpha 5 beta 1 integrin." SIGNOR-99871 SLC2A3 protein P11169 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 23506862 t miannu "The SLC2A3 gene encoding GLUT3 was first cloned from a human fetal skeletal muscle cell line (Kayano et al., 1988). It shares ~64% sequence identity with SLC2A1. GLUT3 has a higher apparent affinity (lower Km) and a higher maximum turnover number for glucose than the other Class 1 GLUT proteins, and its principal physiological substrate is clearly D-glucose" SIGNOR-267459 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT MAD1L1 protein Q9Y6D9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 20383198 f lperfetto "We also show that this kinase might also participate in the maintenance of the SAC in mammalian cells as Rsk2 knockdown in these cells prevents the kinetochore localization of Mad1, Mad2 and CENP-E under checkpoint conditions." SIGNOR-252038 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18195090 t Luana "Erg overexpression resulted in an approximate 1.8-fold transactivation of VE-cadherin promoter activity. Thus, our data indicate that Erg drives constitutive VE-cadherin expression in human ECs " SIGNOR-261595 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 12401205 t gcesareni "The pkc isoform pkc-zeta appear to be activated by direct interactions with pa" SIGNOR-94867 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24155239 t miannu "We show that E6-AP ubiquitinates SOX9 in vitro and in vivo and that SOX9 levels are enhanced after addition of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Similar, siRNA knockdown of E6-AP and the E2 ligase Ubc9 increased cellular SOX9 amounts, supporting the notion that SOX9 may be ubiquitinated in hypertrophic chondrocytes by E6-AP and degraded by proteasomes." SIGNOR-272134 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14592972 t lperfetto "Pp1 recognizes cdc25 directly by interacting with a pp1-binding motif in the cdc25 n-terminus." SIGNOR-264654 C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by expression" 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263469 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16714285 t miannu "NLK Augments the Ubiquitylation Activity of NARF against TCF/LEF. ctivation of NLK induced by unknown ligands leads to the phosphorylation of TCF/LEF. NARF then acts on TCF/LEF as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase and, together with E1 and E2 ubiquitylation enzymes, catalyze the ubiquitylation of TCF/LEF. Finally, ubiquitylated TCF/LEF is degraded by the 26 S proteasome." SIGNOR-271597 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257336 HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 7549116 f miannu "HNF-1 beta was found to be more potent than HNF-1 alpha in activating the AFP promoter in the HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-254638 F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 32665005 t lperfetto "During vascular injury, TF is exposed to the blood, where it functions as a cofactor for the circulating zymogen factor VII (FVII). This TF:FVIIa complex can then bind and activate either factor IX (FIX) or factor X (FX), triggering a cascade that generates fibrin and activates platelets, resulting in a hemostatic plug at the site of injury." SIGNOR-263555 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT ACTN4 protein O43707 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr4 yHAANQSY 9606 23454549 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at y12 by fak reduces _-actinin1's affinity for actin [25] and [27]. _-actinin4 is phosphorylated at y4, y31, and y265. Phosphorylation at y4 or y31 decreases its binding to actin [28] while phosphorylation of y265 increases its affinity for actin" SIGNOR-192199 ENO2 protein P09104 UNIPROT phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266525 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. Each receptor has two binding sites for glycine and two binding sites for glutamate" SIGNOR-264129 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MUL1 protein Q969V5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270999 TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14530355 t lperfetto "Toll/il-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing ifn-beta (trif) associates with tnf receptor-associated factor 6 and tank-binding kinase 1, and activates two distinct transcription factors, nf-kappa b and ifn-regulatory factor-3, in the toll-like receptor signaling" SIGNOR-118458 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FANCA protein O15360 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1149 CLRSRDPsLMVDFIL -1 11855836 t "FANCA is phosphorylated at Ser1149 by Akt. The biological significance of FANCA phosphorylation and its regulation by Akt remains unclear at this time." SIGNOR-251476 G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 30804210 t SARA "G3BP1 binds RIG-I and that this interaction involves the C-terminal RGG domain of G3BP1, G3BP1 significantly enhances RIG-I-induced ifn-b mRNA synthesis." SIGNOR-260980 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser758 TSTETRSsSSESSHS 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "Msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758. ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758 are phosphorylated by the n-terminal kinase domain;however, their function is not known." SIGNOR-131407 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser180 PGSSAPNsPMAMLTL 9606 10673502 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O75030-9" gcesareni "The current study reveals that c-kit signaling triggers two phosphorylation events on mi, which up-regulate transactivation potential yet simultaneously target mi for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The specific activation/degradation signals derive from mapk/erk targeting of serine 73the results suggested that s1p reduced melanin synthesis via s1p(3) receptor-mediated erk and rsk-1 activation, and subsequent mitf dual phosphorylation and degradation." SIGNOR-249575 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 18073771 t amattioni "Active caspase-8 then proteolytically processes and activates caspase-7" SIGNOR-256454 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10485710 f gcesareni "Tnf activates phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pi(3)k)." SIGNOR-70619 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser29 FLGLHIAsPPNFRLT 9534 BTO:0000298 12756254 t miannu "After mapping JNK-dependent JIP1 phosphorylation sites and testing their functional significance, it was observed that phosphorylation by JNK of JIP1 on Thr-103 and not other phosphorylated JIP1 residues is necessary for the regulation of DLK association with JIP1, DLK activation, and subsequent module activation. The data presented corroborates our previous observations using endogenous proteins, demonstrates that JNK binding to JIP1 is necessary for module activation, and shows that activation of JIP1-JNK module dynamics requires phosphorylation of JIP1 on Thr-103 by JNK. and Thr-205 are phosphorylated directly by JNK after JNK binds to JIP1." SIGNOR-250125 AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 31461341 t Luana "Ecto-5'-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5'-monophosphate to adenosine." SIGNOR-269741 KLHL3 protein Q9UH77 UNIPROT WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 23387299 t miannu "CUL3 assembles with BTB proteins to form Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. To explore how a CUL3-KLHL3 complex might operate, we immunoprecipitated KLHL3 and found that it associated strongly with WNK isoforms and CUL3. These results suggest that the CUL3-KLHL3 E3 ligase complex regulates blood pressure via its ability to interact with and ubiquitylate WNK isoforms." SIGNOR-272099 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT CRTC1 protein Q6UUV9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18784253 t miannu "We report on the activation oftorc1through mekk1-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-180816 GXYLT1 protein Q4G148 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22117070 t gcesareni "We have previously identified two human genes, gxylt1 and gxylt2, encoding glucoside xylosyltransferases responsible for the transfer of xylose to o-linked glucose. The identity of the enzyme further elongating the glycan to generate the final trisaccharide xylose-xylose-glucose, however, remained unknown. Here, we describe that the human gene c3orf21 encodes a udp-xylose:alfa-xyloside alfa1,3-xylosyltransferase, acting on xylose-alfa1,3-glucosebeta1-containing acceptor structures. We have, therefore, renamed it xxylt1 (xyloside xylosyltransferase 1). Xxylt1 cannot act on a synthetic acceptor containing an alfa-linked xylose alone, but requires the presence of the underlying glucose. Activity on notch egf repeats was proven by in vitro xylosylation of a mouse notch1 fragment recombinantly produced in sf9 insect cells, a bacterially expressed egf repeat from mouse notch2 modified in vitro by rumi and gxylt2 and in vivo by co-expression of the enzyme with the notch1 fragment. The enzyme was shown to be a typical type ii membrane-bound glycosyltransferase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum." SIGNOR-177694 IFIH1 protein Q9BYX4 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19052324 t miannu "Initially, RIG-I and MDA5 sense dsRNA in the cytoplasm, produced as a by-product of RNA virus replication.Once one or both of these sensors are activated, they interact with a mitochondrial membrane protein called MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral) (also called IPS1, Cardif, and VISA). They signal to the mitochondrial membrane protein MAVS, which in turn activates the kinases TBK1 and IKKɛ." SIGNOR-260140 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser738 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG -1 10867018 t lperfetto "The last two autophosphorylation sites (Ser(744) and Ser(748)) are located in the activation loop but are only phosphorylated in the isolated PKD-catalytic domain and not in the full-length PKD; they may affect enzyme catalysis but are not involved in the activation of wild-type PKD by phorbol ester. | These results indicate that neither of the activation loop serines is involved in PDBu-induced activation but that they may be involved in catalysis or in maintaining the conformation of the enzyme prot" SIGNOR-249046 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT AGO2 protein Q9UKV8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 SKLMRSAsFNTDPYV 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Mk2 was found to phopsphorylate in vitro the ago2 protein in ser387, which was identified as the major ago2 phosphorylation site in cells.and mutation of ser387 to alanineimpairsago2 localization to therna-containing granules termedprocessing bodies" SIGNOR-166615 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 23151663 f gcesareni "Planar cell polarity (pcp) signalling triggers activation of the small gtpases rhoa and rac1, which in turn activate rho kinase (rock) and jun-n-terminal kinase (jnk), respectively, leading to actin polymerization and microtubule stabilization." SIGNOR-199539 EID2 protein Q8N6I1 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 14612439 t gcesareni "In this study, we examined the effect of eid-2 on smad-mediated tgf- signaling. Here, we show that eid-2 inhibits tgf- /smad transcriptional responses. Eid-2 interacts constitutively with smad proteins, and most strongly with smad3." SIGNOR-119171 FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 1904542 t irozzo "The proteins encoded by the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun (Fos and Jun, respectively) form a heterodimeric complex that regulates transcription by interacting with the DNA-regulatory element known as the activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding site." SIGNOR-256364 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1899 SPTYSPTsPVYTPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269347 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr42 VELDLHSyDLGIENR -1 34289383 t lperfetto "Moreover, in an in vitro kinase assay, purified recombinant FLT3 (rFLT3) phosphorylated recombinant IDH2 R140Q mutant but did not alter its catalytic activity (Figure 1C), whereas rFLT3 phosphorylated mIDH1 protein and enhanced its catalytic activity" SIGNOR-267629 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser102 NPRKYLRsVGDGETV 9606 BTO:0000150 19036157 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of yb-1 at the serine 102 residue is required for transcriptional activation of growth-enhancing genes, such as egfr. Herein, we illustrate that activated akt binds to and phosphorylates the yb-1 cold shock domain at ser102" SIGNOR-252521 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000011 12270934 t lperfetto "MEK1 as indicated by extensive phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2 during the initial 2 h of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-235352 dothiepin chemical CHEBI:36798 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258696 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 BTO:0000142 9822657 t miannu "The ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (cam kinase) cascade includes three kinases: cam-kinase kinase (camkk);and the cam kinases camki and camkiv, which are phosphorylated and activated by camkk." SIGNOR-266329 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 14651849 t gcesareni "Under energy starvation conditions, the amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) phosphorylates tsc2 and enhances its activity." SIGNOR-119541 CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT CDK14 protein O94921 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20059949 t gcesareni "L63 and its vertebrate homolog pftk are regulated by the membrane tethered g2/m cyclin, cyclin y, which mediates binding to and phosphorylation of lrp6." SIGNOR-162920 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg1220 LSPELIQrNLSPALG -1 10026263 t lperfetto "Thrombin is considered the physiological activator of factor V and is the most potent activator, catalyzing the cleavage of three peptide bonds at Arg709, Arg1018, and Arg1545" SIGNOR-263648 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PKMYT1 protein Q99640 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser426 CSLLLDSsLSSNWDD 9606 BTO:0000567 12738781 t lperfetto "These results suggest that Ser-426 is a major phosphorylation site by Plk1, and Thr-495 is a second major site. " SIGNOR-249207 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 10321728 t miannu "We identified a human F-box/WD40 repeats protein (HOS), which is homologous to Slimb/h betaTrCP. Being a part of SCF complex with Skp1 and Cullin1, HOS specifically interacted with the phosphorylated IkappaB and beta-catenin, targeting these proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation in vivo. " SIGNOR-272547 WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT Trp-tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29159 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA. Alternative splicing produces two forms of hTrpRS in human cells: full-length hTrpRS (residues 1-471) and mini-hTrpRS (residues 48-471)" SIGNOR-270514 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12438563 t gcesareni "Ifn-g Binds to the ifn-g Receptor binding subunit (ifn-gR1;receptor chain 1), a species-specific cell surface transmembrane receptor chain (41, 42). A second transmembrane protein (ifn-gR2) (4345) is required for signal transduction" SIGNOR-95626 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 ILDLISEsPIKGRAQ 9606 11259409 t lperfetto "The current studies demonstrate the identification of hnrnp-k as a jnk and erk substrate. The phosphoacceptor sites for jnk and erk on the k protein are different, and indeed, erk phosphorylation results in biological consequences different from those of phosphorylation by jnk (49). Whereas erk phosphorylation on aa 284 and 353 contributes to k protein nuclear export and concomitant inhibition of rna translation (49), phosphorylation by k protein on aa 216 and 353 increases the transcriptional effects of the k protein." SIGNOR-105247 FBXL17 protein Q9UF56 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 27234298 t "Here, we show that Fbxl17 (F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 17) targets Sufu for proteolysis in the nucleus. The ubiquitylation of Sufu, mediated by Fbxl17, allows the release of Gli1 from Sufu for proper Hh signal transduction" SIGNOR-253545 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 10373495 t miannu " Here we report the identification of HHR23A, one of the human homologues of the yeast DNA repair protein Rad23, as an E6-independent target of E6AP.  E6AP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of HHR23A and HHR23B." SIGNOR-272551 NF90-NF45 complex SIGNOR-C443 SIGNOR DNA-PK complex SIGNOR-C107 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9442054 t miannu "These proteins are NF90 and NF45, which are the 90- and 45-kDa subunits of a protein known to bind specifically to the antigen receptor response element of the interleukin 2 promoter, and the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-2. We also show that NF90, NF45, and eIF-2 beta are substrates for DNA-PK in vitro. In addition, recombinant NF90 promotes formation of a complex between DNA-PKcs, Ku, and DNA, and antibodies to recombinant NF90 or recombinant NF45 immunoprecipitate DNA-PKcs in vitro. Together, our data suggest that NF90, in complex with NF45, interacts with DNA-PKcs and Ku on DNA and that NF90 and NF45 may be important for the function of DNA-PK." SIGNOR-268489 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 9606 16980613 t lperfetto "We further show that emk and c-tak1 phosphorylate class iia hdacs on one of their multiple 14-3-3 binding sites and alter their subcellular localization and repressive function" SIGNOR-149579 NXF1 protein Q9UBU9 UNIPROT mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28831067 f lperfetto "SUN1, a component of the LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, functions in mammalian mRNA export through the NXF1-dependent pathway. It associates with mRNP complexes by direct interaction with NXF1." SIGNOR-263298 CDK11B protein P21127 UNIPROT EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr119 GAARVIGtLLGTVDK 9606 19245811 t lperfetto "Here, we identified a second eif3f phosphorylation site (thr119) by cdk11p46 during apoptosis.Thr119 is located in the mov34 domain of eif3f which is important for both the translational inhibitory function of eif3ffurther studies of how eif3f phosphorylation regulates its function will refine insights into the mechanism and regulation of translation initiation, apoptotic signaling, and tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-184185 MAP4K3 protein Q8IVH8 UNIPROT MAP4K3 protein Q8IVH8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser170 ATIAKRKsFIGTPYW 9606 20227368 t gcesareni "We identify a transautophosphorylation site in the map4k3 kinase activation segment (ser170) that is required for map4k3 activity and its activation of mtorc1 signaling." SIGNOR-164103 erlotinib chemical CHEBI:114785 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258212 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SPHK1 protein Q9NYA1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser225 VGSKTPAsPVVVQQG 9606 14532121 t gcesareni "Activation of sphingosine kinase 1 by erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-118550 RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT COPE protein O14579 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17721809 t miannu "PIRH2 promotes the ubiquitylation of epsilon-COP in vitro and in vivo and consequently promotes the degradation of epsilon-COP. " SIGNOR-272630 IRF2BPL protein Q9H1B7 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000498 29374064 t miannu "FOXF2 directly bound the promoter of E3 ligase interferon regulatory factor 2-binding protein-like (IRF2BPL) and induced its transcriptional expression. IRF2BPL in turn interacted with β-catenin, increasing its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-267153 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT DPP6 protein P42658 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000596 23409053 t lperfetto "In the absence of Dnmt3b, Dnmt3a was associated with Dpp6 gene promoter and regulated its expression and methylation in P19 cells." SIGNOR-268964 PFN1 protein P07737 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18667433 f areggio " Additionally, the association of Ror2 with the actin-binding protein filamin A is required for Wnt5a-induced JNK activation and polarized cell migration." SIGNOR-258977 SLC16A3 protein O15427 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 26384349 f lperfetto "Treatment with _-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamate (CHC), a known inhibitor of MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4, dose-dependently induced cell death in MM cell lines and primary MM cells (Figure 1C). Thus, monocarboxylate transportation across membranes appears crucial for MM cell survival." SIGNOR-256581 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" cleavage -1 9367996 t lperfetto "The cell-death protease cpp32 (caspase-3) in vitro specifically cleaved chicken and human ikappab-alpha at a conserved asp-ser sequence.Therefore, cleavage of I_B-_ by a CPP32-like protease could create what is sometimes called a super-repressor form of I_B-_ (20). That is, cleavage by CPP32 would block the ability of I_B-_ to undergo signal-induced degradation by removing the sites of signal-induced ubiquitination and by likely disrupting the ability of I_B-_ to become phosphorylated at critical Ser residues." SIGNOR-51936 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser626 SLECDMEsIIRSELM 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252979 PDK3 protein Q15120 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser232 NRYGMGTsVERAAAS -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109613 3-[1-[[4-(7-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-6-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-one chemical CHEBI:91346 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 25309440 t lperfetto "Different agents were used to inhibit either the PI3K/Akt or MEK/ERK pathways. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and the Akt inhibitor, Akt inhibitor VIII, were used to inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway." SIGNOR-262010 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 t apalma "Furthermore, COX-2 inhibition reduced MyoD expression in regenerating muscle, suggesting a role for COX-2 in modulating muscle differentiation, as well as growth" SIGNOR-256214 MAGEC2 protein Q9UBF1 UNIPROT TRIM28 protein Q13263 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000594 28394358 t lperfetto "In this study, we demonstrated that the tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) binds directly to and promotes FBP1 for ubiquitination and degradation. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-C2, which are known to be overexpressed in HCC, can enhance TRIM28-dependent degradation of FBP1 by forming ubiquitin ligase complexes with TRIM28." SIGNOR-267593 GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30825796 f miannu "In the mammalian brain the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission is carried out by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors located within the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses" SIGNOR-264615 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 26042050 f lperfetto "the effects of the angiopoietins are not specific for vascular endothelial cells, as their receptors (Tie1, Tie2) are known to be expressed in hematopoietic cells and they have also recently been shown to be expressed in skeletal muscle cellsExogenous Ang-1 enhanced myogenic (MyoD and Myogenin) mRNA in differentiating myoblasts and increased myosin heavy chain protein." SIGNOR-241532 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr143 RGKFKRPtLRRVRIS 9606 BTO:0000671 18986304 t llicata "Ms analysis indicated that mst1 phosphorylates ctni at thr(31), thr(51), thr(129) and thr(143)." SIGNOR-182053 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr531 FTATEPQyQPGENL 9606 12496362 t gcesareni "Regulation of lck and fyn tyrosine kinase activities by transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase leukocyte common antigen-related molecule." SIGNOR-96764 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24095058 t miannu "As a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction that charges serine onto its cognate tRNA for protein synthesis" SIGNOR-270497 "Cy3-bifunctional dye zwitterion" chemical CHEBI:37990 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257858 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SRI protein P30626 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr155 YSTNGKItFDDYIAC 9606 24427308 t lperfetto "Sorcin interacts physically with plk1, is phosphorylated by plk1 and induces plk1 autophosphorylation, thereby regulating kinase activity." SIGNOR-203732 TNFRSF10D protein Q9UBN6 UNIPROT TNFSF10 protein P50591 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9382840 t amattioni "One function of trail-r4 may be inhibition of trail cytotoxicy. Dcr2 functions as an inhibitory apo2l receptor." SIGNOR-53447 WNT16 protein Q9UBV4 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131677 pipamperone chemical CHEBI:78549 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000601 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258575 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "In this study, we found that metformin increased shp gene expression via ampk activation and inhibited the expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic genes pepck and g6pase via upregulation of shp." SIGNOR-270254 DSCAML1 protein Q8TD84 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 f miannu "Nuclear DSCAM and DSCAML1 impair neurite outgrowth. this demonstrates that enhanced nuclear translocation of the DSCAM and DSCAML1 ICDs profoundly impairs neurite outgrowth and development of primary cortical neurons" SIGNOR-264275 SETBP1 protein Q9Y6X0 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 22566606 f miannu "Setbp1 activates hoxa9 and hoxa10 expression in myeloid progenitors" SIGNOR-197321 TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT TFIIIB complex SIGNOR-C393 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 29378333 t lperfetto "Both in yeast and mammalian cells, TFIIIB consists of three subunits: TFIIB-related Brf1, TATA-box binding protein (TBP), common also for the other two RNA polymerases, and Pol III-specific subunit, Bdp1 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266192 KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264300 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11741541 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Erk1/2 was found to phosphorylate the architectural transcription factor ubf at amino acids 117 and 201 within hmg boxes 1 and 2, preventing their interaction with dna" SIGNOR-270181 M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0000801 BTO:0001103 22933625 f apalma "P38 activation contributes to the macrophage phenotype switch in injured muscle, which could elevate production of IL-10 (63), creating positive feedback for the phenotype switch" SIGNOR-255448 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 25601544 t Luana "We show that mammalian NDR1/2 kinases phosphorylate YAP1 on S127 and thereby negatively regulate YAP1 activity in tissue-cultured cells." SIGNOR-259855 PDP1 protein Q9P0J1 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser300 SMSDPGVsYRTREEI -1 7782287 t "Sites 1, 2, and 3 were dephosphorylated either individually or in the presence of the other sites by the phospho-E1-phosphatase resulting in complete reactivation of the E1. The rates of dephosphorylation and reactivation were similar for sites 1, 2, and 3, indicating a random dephosphorylation mechanism" SIGNOR-252056 risperidone chemical CHEBI:8871 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258529 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 19777070 t "NF1 negatively regulates Ras as an exchangefactor converting Ras-GTP to Ras-GDP by its GTPase-activating (Ras-GAP) domain." SIGNOR-256067 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 16076840 t gcesareni "The gsk-3 inhibitor lithium chloride was used to determine the role of gsk-3 in phosphorylation of ser-102, -104, and -106 and ser-118 in vivo and to explore the role of these serines in the regulation of eralpha function. Treatment of cells with lithium chloride resulted in dephosphorylation of ser-104 and -106 and ser-118, which suggests these serine residues as targets for gsk-3 in vivo. Our results further suggest that eralpha phosphorylation by gsk-3 stabilizes eralpha under resting conditions and modulates eralpha transcriptional activity upon ligand binding. Estradiol and phorbol ester cause phosphorylation of serine 118 in the human estrogen receptor. Potentiation of human estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation through phosphorylation of serines 104 and 106 by the cyclin a-cdk2 complex." SIGNOR-139316 TERF2 protein Q15554 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C306 18680434 t lperfetto "It is not yet clear how the presence of TRF2 at telomeres averts the activation of the ATM kinase.> In this regard, overexpression of TRF2can dampen the activation of the ATM kinase, even at nontelomeric sites of DNA damage (95). Furthermore, TRF2 can interact with the ATM kinase as well as with the Mre11 complex" SIGNOR-263323 FHL2 protein Q14192 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001129 10654935 t gcesareni "Fhl2 contains a strong, autonomous transactivation function and binds specifically to the ar in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-74703 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr105 VDPGERLyDLNMPAY 9606 22327338 t lperfetto "Activated c-abl reduces the amplitude of mitogen-activated protein kinases (erk1/2, jnks and p38) activation in a dose-dependent manner by a negative feedback mechanism. By analysis of the adaptor proteins nck1 and grb2 mutants we further show that the negative loop on p38 is mediated by c-abl phosphorylation at tyrosine 105 of the adaptor protein nck1" SIGNOR-196043 ATP6V1H protein Q9UI12 UNIPROT "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004122 29782852 t miannu "ATP6V1H interacts with TGF-β receptor I and AP-2 complex to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. Lack of ATP6V1H function decreases bone formation in vivo" SIGNOR-266887 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "Notch signal transduction pathway genes, lfng, hey1, and hes1, are differen-tially regulated by bmp-2 and tgf-beta." SIGNOR-195621 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 BTO:0000142 20308788 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau appears to be crucial in neurofibrillary degeneration in alzheimer's disease (ad). Gsk-3beta phosphorylated tau at many sites, with ser199, thr205, and ser396 being the most favorable sites in cells." SIGNOR-164655 WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKAR 9606 BTO:0000567 11029659 t gcesareni "Identification and characterization of human wee1b, a new member of the wee1 family of cdk-inhibitory kinases." SIGNOR-83139 NUCKS1 protein Q9H1E3 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26323318 f miannu "From these results, we can conclude that NUCKS1 plays a role in HR DNA repair, as does its paralog RAD51AP1. we have tested and uncovered a role for NUCKS1 in HR and in maintaining DNA replication integrity and genome stability." SIGNOR-261960 "Nucleosome_H3.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C324 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21812398 f miannu "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-263723 MED13L protein Q71F56 UNIPROT "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23563140 t miannu "The CDK8 kinase module (CKM) is a conserved, dissociable Mediator subcomplex whose component subunits were genetically linked to the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) and individually recognized as transcriptional repressors before Mediator was identified as a pre-eminent complex in eukaryotic transcription regulation." SIGNOR-266702 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT JUND protein P17535 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser100 LGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 22327296 t gcesareni "Menin binds the jun family transcription factor jund and inhibits its transcriptional activity. The menin-jund interaction blocks jun n-terminal kinase (jnk)-mediated jund phosphorylation and suppresses jund-induced transcription. We found a role for phosphorylation of the ser100 residue of jund;jund phosphorylation were prevented by inhibitors of calcium, calmodulin, or erk1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-196034 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 10702316 t lperfetto "We report here the identification of a FRAP autophosphorylation site. This site, Ser-2481, is located in a hydrophobic region near the conserved carboxyl-terminal FRAP tail. We demonstrate that the COOH-terminal tail is required for FRAP kinase activity and for signaling to the translational regulator p70(s6k) (ribosomal subunit S6 kinase)." SIGNOR-217000 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT CDX2/PAX6/P300 complex SIGNOR-C33 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10506141 t lperfetto "In the present study, we investigated the interaction of cdx-2 and pax-6 with p300, a co-activator coupled to the basal transcription machinery. In transient transfection-expression experiments, we found that the transactivating effects of cdx-2 and pax-6 on the glucagon gene were greatly enhanced by the additional expression of p300." SIGNOR-70960 pembrolizumab antibody DB09037 DRUGBANK PDCD1 protein Q15116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 "BTO:0000848; BTO:0002058" 25685857 t miannu "Preclinical studies described PD-1 blockade resulting in tumor growth suppression and even decreased metastasis. This has led to the development of pembrolizumab (MK-3475), a highly selective, humanized monoclonal IgG4-kappa isotype antibody against PD-1. Early clinical trials have shown high tumor response rates and long duration of effect in previously treated advanced melanoma resulting in accelerated FDA approval for the drug in this situation. Pembrolizumab has also had success in non-small cell lung cancer and is being tested in multiple other tumor types." SIGNOR-259899 TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263933 ATG13 protein O75143 UNIPROT RB1CC1 protein Q8TDY2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19225151 t gcesareni "Atg13 directly binds fip200." SIGNOR-184120 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11971971 t lperfetto "Mapk1 is phosphorylated by map2k1/mek1 and map2k2/mek2 on thr-185 and tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or ngf. Both phosphorylations are required for activity." SIGNOR-244637 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10230396 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-270129 TYSND1 protein Q2T9J0 UNIPROT TYSND1 protein Q2T9J0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 22002062 t miannu "Self-cleavage of Tysnd1 in the active oligomer most likely inactivates its protease activity. Subsequently, the cleaved products are degraded by PsLon and removed from the Tysnd1 oligomer." SIGNOR-261053 NUP98-HOXA9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP15 SIGNOR CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17442773 f miannu "Over 102 cytoplasmic mRNAs were significantly altered in K562 myeloid leukemic cells transduced with NUP98‐HOXA9, 92 being increased and only 10 decreased. The transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein‐α (C/EBPα), a tumor suppressor gene and a crucial regulator of granulopoiesis through inhibition of c‐JUN, was downmodulated by NUP98‐HOXA9" SIGNOR-261501 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15780951 t gcesareni "Fgf-2 and fgf-9 increased expression of other osteogenic factors bmp-2 and tgf-beta1, and endogenous fgf/fgfr signaling is a positive upstream regulator of the bmp-2 gene in calvarial osteoblasts." SIGNOR-134788 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr896 EPKSPGEyVNIEFGS 9606 17827393 t gcesareni "Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)." SIGNOR-157750 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255529 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT serine smallmolecule CHEBI:17822 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24095058 t miannu "As a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction that charges serine onto its cognate tRNA for protein synthesis" SIGNOR-270494 RAB6C protein Q9H0N0 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 25492866 f miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. COH1 and RAB6 regulate neurite outgrowth in primary neurons" SIGNOR-266875 sapitinib chemical CHEBI:132986 ChEBI SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000551 20145185 t gcesareni "In vivo, azd8931 inhibited xenograft growth in a range of models while significantly affecting egfr, erbb2, and erbb3 phosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways, apoptosis, and proliferation." SIGNOR-163733 MRPS22 protein P82650 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261434 MBOAT7 protein Q96N66 UNIPROT acyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:17984 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18772128 t miannu "The cycle of deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids plays a critical role in regulating availability of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. The major yeast lysophospholipid acyltransferase, Ale1p, is related to mammalian membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) proteins. MBOAT7 is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase with remarkable specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA. MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 are particularly susceptible to inhibition by thimerosal. Human neutrophils express mRNA for these four enzymes, and neutrophil microsomes incorporate arachidonoyl chains into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, PS, and phosphatidylethanolamine in a thimerosal-sensitive manner. These results strongly implicate MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 in arachidonate recycling, thus regulating free arachidonic acid levels and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-267244 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" acetylation Lys594 KEVEDIEkYLEDQVN 9606 BTO:0000007 21726808 t lperfetto "Acetylation Regulates Gluconeogenesis by Promoting PEPCK1 Degradation via Recruiting the UBR5 Ubiquitin Ligase|P300 Acetylates and Destabilizes PEPCK1|Furthermore, coexpression of P300 increased acetylation levels of wild-type PEPCK1, but not PEPCK13K/R, indicating that P300 acts on these lysine residues of PEPCK1" SIGNOR-267604 CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT SLC1A1 protein P43005 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26690923 t miannu "EAAT3 has previously been shown to form complexes with caveolin-1, a major component of caveolae, which participate in the regulation of transport proteins. The present study explored the impact of caveolin-1 on electrogenic transport by excitatory amino acid transporter isoforms EAAT1-4. caveolin-1 is a powerful negative regulator of the excitatory glutamate transporters EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, and EAAT4. Caveolin-1 has been shown to form complexes with the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3 (EAAC1) (Gonzalez et al. 2007) and may thus modify the EAAT isoforms by direct interaction with the carriers." SIGNOR-264807 MRPL52 protein Q86TS9 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262346 MC2R protein Q01718 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268694 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser325 VRRVPGSsGRLHKTE 9606 17190791 t gcesareni "Activation of wnk1 coincides with the phosphorylation and activation of two wnk1 substrates, namely, the protein kinases ste20/sps1-related proline alanine-rich kinase (spak) and oxidative stress response kinase-1 (osr1)" SIGNOR-151659 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT APLN protein Q9ULZ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 11815627 t miannu "ACE2 hydrolyzes the hormone apelin-13 with high catalytic efficiency and cleaves apelin-36, whose C-terminal 13 amino acids are identical to those of apelin-13." SIGNOR-256316 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 KNKIAKEtNNKKKEF 9606 17457057 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation by aurora-b negatively regulates survivin function . hat survivin is phosphorylated at t117 during mitosis, and once phosphorylated, dephosphorylation is crucial for chromosome congression and progression into anaphaseduring mitosis" SIGNOR-154569 ASPG protein Q86U10 UNIPROT "L-asparagine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58048 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24657844 t miannu "Recently, we structurally and biochemically characterized the enzyme human L-asparaginase 3 (hASNase3), which possesses L-asparaginase activity and belongs to the N-terminal nucleophile superfamily of enzymes. l-Asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1; l-asparagine amidohydrolase; l-ASNase2) are enzymes that primarily catalyze the conversion of l-asparagine (l-Asn) to l-aspartic acid (l-Asp) and ammonia, although some of them are able to also hydrolyze l-glutamine (l-Gln) to l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) and ammonia." SIGNOR-267537 9-(1-Methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-[1-(1-oxoprop-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]-2-benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridinone chemical CID:71748056 PUBCHEM BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24556163 t miannu "This analysis revealed that QL47 also potently inhibits BMX with an IC50 of 6.7 nM but impressively displays more than 100-fold selectivity against EGFR, HER2, JAK3, BLK, TEC, and ITK that possess an equivalently placed cysteine" SIGNOR-262232 MSL2 protein Q9HCI7 UNIPROT "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16227571 t miannu "We describe a stable, multisubunit human histone acetyltransferase complex (hMSL) that contains homologs of the Drosophila dosage compensation proteins MOF, MSL1, MSL2, and MSL3. This complex shows strong specificity for histone H4 lysine 16 in chromatin in vitro, and RNA interference-mediated knockdown experiments reveal that it is responsible for the majority of H4 acetylation at lysine 16 in the cell." SIGNOR-263941 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT IFNAR1 protein P17181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr481 PSSSIDEyFSEQPLK 9606 7526154 t lperfetto "In this report, we demonstrate that the alpha subunit of the type I IFN receptor (IFN-R) corresponds to the product of a previously cloned receptor subunit cDNA and, further, that the p135tyk2 tyrosine kinase directly binds and tyrosine phosphorylates this receptor subunit.These data support the hypothesis that the Tyk2 protein functions as part of a receptor complex to initiate intracellular signaling in response to type I IFNs" SIGNOR-246939 SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR MED13 protein Q9UHV7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C406 23322298 t miannu "The SCF-Fbw7 ubiquitin ligase degrades MED13 and MED13L and regulates CDK8 module association with Mediator. We show that Fbw7, a tumor suppressor and ubiquitin ligase, binds to CDK8-Mediator and targets MED13/13L for degradation. MED13/13L physically link the CDK8 module to Mediator, and Fbw7 loss increases CDK8 module-Mediator association." SIGNOR-266691 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CNN1 protein P51911 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr261 SQRGMTVyGLPRQVY 9534 BTO:0000298 15206927 t "We identify, for the first time, tyrosine-phosphorylated calponin h3 within COS 7 cells, before and after their transfection with the pSV vector containing cDNA encoding the cytoplasmic, Src-related, tyrosine kinase, Fyn. we have localized the tyrosines phosphorylated without actin to Tyr261 in calponin h3 and to Tyr261 and Tyr182 in calponin h1. Tyrosine phosphorylation of calponins inhibits their binding to F-actin" SIGNOR-251158 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12835716 t gcesareni "C-myc also directly represses transcription of cdk kinase inhibitors including p27kip1, p21cip1, p15ink4b and p16ink4a" SIGNOR-102740 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr12 FSSRSSKtFKPKKNI 9606 23431053 t milica "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-201282 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser266 SLPLTPEsPNDPKGS 9606 BTO:0000887 11741533 t gcesareni "Cytokine stimulation of energy expenditure through p38 map kinase activation of ppargamma coactivator-1we show here that many cytokines activate the transcriptional ppar gamma coactivator-1 (pgc-1) through phosphorylation by p38 kinase, resulting in stabilization and activation of pgc-1 proteinp38 mapk directly phosphorylates pgc-1 on residues threonine 262, serine 265, and threonine 298" SIGNOR-112766 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr235 QARKRKRtSIENRVR 9606 BTO:0004180 23041284 t flangone "Here we show that in ECCs, Akt phosphorylated the master pluripotency factor Oct4 at threonine 235, and that the levels of phosphorylated Oct4 in ECCs correlated with resistance to apoptosis and tumorigenic potential. Phosphorylation of Oct4 increased its stability and facilitated its nuclear localization and its interaction with Sox2, which promoted the transcription of the core stemness genes POU5F1 and NANOG." SIGNOR-242107 Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268706 PRKAB1 protein Q9Y478 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1177 TSRIRTQsFSLQERQ 9606 SIGNOR-C15 11729179 t gcesareni "Recently many investigators have shown that protein phosphorylation of enos by several serine/threonine kinases is a critical control step for no production by endothelial cells. Phosphorylation by amp kinase, akt (or protein kinase b), or protein kinase a on serine 1179 (bovine) or serine 1177 (human) of enos leads to enhanced activity of the enzyme and, thus, augmented production of no." SIGNOR-112367 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" hydroxylation Pro403 EELRRLApITSDPTE 9606 BTO:0000567 21620138 t "Interaction of PKM2 with prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) enhances PKM2 binding to HIF-1α and PKM2 coactivator function. Mass spectrometry and anti-hydroxyproline antibody assays demonstrate PKM2 hydroxylation on proline-403/408. PHD3 knockdown inhibits PKM2 coactivator function, reduces glucose uptake and lactate production, and increases O(2) consumption in cancer cells." SIGNOR-267476 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser423 CEEEFSDsEEEGEGG 9606 BTO:0000661 11602581 t llicata "Human HDAC1 protein was analyzed by ion trap mass spectrometry, and two phosphorylated serine residues, Ser(421) and Ser(423), were unambiguously identified. Loss of phosphorylation at Ser(421) and Ser(423) due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of HDAC1." SIGNOR-251000 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser552 QDTQRRTsMGGTQQQ 9606 17287208 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by akt promotes beta-catenin transcriptional activity|we have demonstrated that akt phosphorylates beta-catenin at ser552 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-244222 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 AEAFLGFsYAPPTDS 9606 18925875 t lperfetto "Mtorc2 immunoprecipitated from wild-type, but not from mlst8- or rictor-knockout cells, phosphorylated sgk1 at ser(422)" SIGNOR-217016 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr5 yLDPNLNH 9606 20802513 t llicata "In this study, we demonstrate that growth factor receptors including hepatocyte growth factor receptor met, epidermal growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor directly phosphorylate fak on tyr194 in the ferm domain collectively, this study provides the first example to explain how fak is activated by receptor tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-167662 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25617152 t Gianni "CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β directly regulates the expression of the complement component 3 gene in neural cells: implications for the pro-inflammatory effects of this transcription factor" SIGNOR-261927 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271585 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271133 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34674502 t scontino "Thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases play a pivotal role in the functional diversification of TH signaling. They are involved in development, growth, and metabolic processes, and act in a cell-specific manner in the fine regulation of TH homeostasis. TH deiodinases catalyze activation and inactivation of THs through the removal of one iodine atom in the outer or inner ring of the TH molecule.¬†" SIGNOR-268126 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 10448861 f lperfetto "Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1." SIGNOR-252306 POU4F3 protein Q15319 UNIPROT LHX3 protein Q9UBR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000630 17331196 t lperfetto "Using oligonucleotide microarrays to generate expression profiles of inner ears of Pou4f3(ddl/ddl) mutant and wild-type mice, we have identified and validated Lhx3, a LIM domain transcription factor, as an in vivo target gene regulated by Pou4f3. Lhx3 is a hair cell-specific gene expressed in all hair cells of the auditory and vestibular system as early as embryonic day 16. The level of Lhx3 mRNA is greatly reduced in the inner ears of embryonic Pou4f3 mutant mice. Our data also show that the expression of Lhx3 is regulated differently in auditory and vestibular hair cells." SIGNOR-262586 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16153436 t lperfetto "We hypothesized that ret could directly phosphorylate fak and erk. erk 2 could be phosphorylated at y187 (y204 in erk1)." SIGNOR-244643 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT Satellite_cells_self-renewal phenotype SIGNOR-PH100 SIGNOR up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0001103 23290138 f apalma "FN in the satellite cell niche is required for the maintenance of the overall satellite cell pool during muscle regeneration. Moreover, FN is necessary to potentiate Wnt7a signaling through the Fzd7/Scd4 receptor complex, which controls the regulation of satellite stem cell numbers" SIGNOR-255850 PGAM5 protein Q96HS1 UNIPROT FUNDC1 protein Q8IVP5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 24746696 t miannu "Here, we identify that the mitochondrially localized PGAM5 phosphatase interacts with and dephosphorylates FUNDC1 at serine 13 (Ser-13) upon hypoxia or carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) treatment. Dephosphorylation of FUNDC1 catalyzed by PGAM5 enhances its interaction with LC3, which is abrogated following knockdown of PGAM5 or the introduction of a cell-permeable unphosphorylated peptide encompassing the Ser-13 and LIR of FUNDC1. We further observed that CK2 phosphorylates FUNDC1 to reverse the effect of PGAM5 in mitophagy activation." SIGNOR-273654 ASIP protein P42127 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268708 GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT ARHGEF11 protein O15085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11799111 t "This RGS-like (RGL) domain provides a structural motif by which heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits of the Galpha(12) family can bind and regulate the activity of RhoGEFs. Hence, these newly discovered RGL domain-containing RhoGEFs provide a direct link from Galpha(12) and Galpha(13) to Rho" SIGNOR-256517 "tacrolimus (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:61049 ChEBI PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-127239 TJP2 protein Q9UDY2 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23829894 t milica "The Crumbs complex component AMOT co-localizes with MST1_ 2, LATS1_ 2 and YAP in a complex at the tight junction to control cell growth. Zona occludens-2 (ZO-2) in the tight junction, and a-catenin, b-catenin, or PTPN14 in the adherence junction, also bind to YAP_TAZ." SIGNOR-230754 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11331248 t lperfetto "Vav interacts with the tyrosine kinase syk" SIGNOR-107049 PICALM protein Q13492 UNIPROT CLTC protein Q00610 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16491119 t miannu "Calm interacts with the clathrin heavy chain through its c-terminal third and with phophoinositides through its ap180 n-terminal homology (anth) domain, promoting assembly of clathrin triskelia into clathrin cagesin vitro" SIGNOR-144683 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20404009 t Luana "In vitro functional assays demonstrated that lurasidone acts as an antagonist at D2 and 5-HT7 receptors and as a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype." SIGNOR-259463 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12226744 f miannu "We show that the ectopic expression of wild-type hsnf5/ini1, but not that of truncated versions, leads to a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the entry into s phase of mrt cells. This g1 arrest is associated with down-regulation of a subset of e2f targets including cyclin a, e2f1 and cdc6." SIGNOR-92785 FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 12270934 f lperfetto "Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), in the presence of dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxanthine, and insulin, induces a prolonged activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which lasts for at least 12 h post-induction, and this activity is less sensitive to the MEK inhibitors" SIGNOR-244868 TGFB2 protein P61812 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310899 t gcesareni "A cdna encoding the tgf-beta type ii receptor protein has been isolated by an expression cloning strategy. The cloned cdna, when transfected into cos cells, leads to overexpression of an approximately 80 kd protein that specifically binds radioiodinated tgf-beta 1. Excess tgf-beta 1 competes for binding of radioiodinated tgf-beta 1 in a dose-dependent manner and is more effective than tgf-beta 2." SIGNOR-16690 GPC3 protein P51654 UNIPROT DPP4 protein P27487 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17549790 t miannu "The interaction occurred with both the glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of gpc3 and led to the inhibition of cd26 peptidase activity." SIGNOR-155527 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination phosphorylation:Thr197 GTFKMVFtPKDGSGV 34929314 t lperfetto "During the cell cycle S phase, Cyclin A-CDK2 phosphorylates IDH1 on its Threonine 157 residue (Threonine 197 in IDH2) to facilitate its recognition and ubiquitination by Skp2 E3 ubiquitin, followed by degradation through 26S proteasome" SIGNOR-267626 UBE2G2 protein P60604 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001379 29892818 t "inferred from family member" scontino "ER residency places D2 physically close to an array of proteins that interact and modify the D2 molecule via ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasomal system, explaining its relatively short half-life. Both ubiquitin conjugases UBC6 and or UBC7 interact with D2 and support D2 ubiquitination. Two Lys residues in D2 are involved in this process, K237 and K244." SIGNOR-270244 MED16 protein Q9Y2X0 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266671 TSC22D1 protein Q15714 UNIPROT NPPC protein P23582 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9022669 t Luana "TSC-22 significantly enhanced CNP promoter activity in GH3 cells." SIGNOR-266226 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000452 7667317 f "P53 controls both the G2/M and the G1 cell cycle checkpoints and mediates reversible growth arrest in human fibroblasts" SIGNOR-255669 MYLIP protein Q8WY64 UNIPROT LDLR protein P01130 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 30896554 t miannu "The RING E3 ubiquitin ligase inducible degrader of the LDL receptor (IDOL, also known as MYLIP) promotes ubiquitylation and subsequent lysosomal degradation of the LDL receptor (LDLR), thus acting to limit uptake of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol into cells. " SIGNOR-271485 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Positive feedback involves mtorc2, which phosphorylates akt at serine 473, a phosphorylation required for maximum activation of akt in addition to phosphorylation at threonine 308 by pdk1." SIGNOR-244396 SLC1A5 protein Q15758 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26724577 t "Fourteen of them [[SLC transporters] , capable of transporting glutamine across the plasma membrane, are found in four families: SLC1, SLC6, SLC7, and SLC38. However, it is generally thought that the members of the SLC38 family are the principal transporters for glutamine." SIGNOR-266914 SPAG1 protein Q07617 UNIPROT "R2SP co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C517 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29844425 t miannu "Systematic interaction analyses show that one RPAP3-like protein, SPAG1, binds PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 to form an R2TP-like complex termed R2SP.  This co-chaperone is enriched in testis and among 68 of the potential clients identified, some are expressed in testis and others are ubiquitous. One substrate is liprin-α2, which organizes large signaling complexes." SIGNOR-270938 ITGAL protein P20701 UNIPROT ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130 23994464 t apalma "This leads to further neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions through the binding of LFA-1 to its endothelial counterreceptor ICAM-1 during the slow rolling phase" SIGNOR-255040 DPYSL5 protein Q9BPU6 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 25040932 t lperfetto "The studies on CRMP5 function show that, by interacting with tubulin and MAP2, this protein inhibits neurite growth especially at the dendritic level and restricts the promotional effect of CRMP2 on axon and dendrite growth" SIGNOR-264836 ADNP protein Q9H2P0 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17878164 t miannu "ADNP Co-precipitates with the SWI/SNF Complex through ADNP C-terminal Interaction. Down-regulation of ADNP by shRNA resulted in morphological changes that are in line with the fact that ADNP contains a homeodomain profile (2) and with the SWI/SNF complex function that is associated with cellular differentiation. Our results suggest that ADNP functionality plays a role in these changes." SIGNOR-266757 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT ZNF322 protein Q6U7Q0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 phosphorylation:Ser391;Ser396 SEKGLELsPPHASEA;ELSPPHAsEASQMS 28581525 t lperfetto "CK1delta and GSK3beta kinases sequentially phosphorylate ZNF322A at serine-396 and then serine-391. Moreover, the doubly phosphorylated ZNF322A protein creates a destruction motif for the ubiquitin ligase FBXW7alpha leading to ZNF322A protein destruction." SIGNOR-264898 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9528781 t miannu "Shp-1 binds and negatively modulates the c-kit receptor by interaction with tyrosine 569 in the c-kit juxtamembrane domain." SIGNOR-56104 aliskiren chemical CHEBI:601027 ChEBI REN protein P00797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 18307734 t Luana "Aliskiren has a low bioavailality (between 2.6 and 5.0%) compensated by its high potency to inhibit renin (IC50: 0.6 nmol/L) and a long plasma half-life (23–36 h)" SIGNOR-257771 CDK16 protein Q00536 UNIPROT CyclinY/CDK16 complex SIGNOR-C540 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30992425 t lperfetto "CDK16 (also known as PCTAIRE1 or PCTK1) is an atypical member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family that forms an active complex with cyclin Y (CCNY)." SIGNOR-273003 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT PCSK9 protein Q8NBP7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000398 21123766 f miannu "Recent studies have demonstrated that PCSK9 mRNA expression was upregulated to a greater extent than that of the LDL receptor in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Our findings also support the role of SREBP-2 as a transcriptional regulator of both the LDL receptor and PCSK9 in human enterocytes." SIGNOR-254451 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165 19000719 t "Through Armadillo repeat domain" gcesareni "Beta-catenin can regulate the level and transcriptional activity of the notch1 and notch1 intracellular domain (nicd). The in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that beta-catenin binds with notch1 and nicd, for which its armadillo repeat domain is essential." SIGNOR-236858 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257948 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr228 HEGAVTHtFCGTIEY 9606 9445476 t gcesareni "A regulatory link between p70s6k and pkb was demonstrated, as pdk1 was found to selectively phosphorylate p70s6k at thr229. More importantly, pdk1 activated p70s6k in vitro and in vivo, whereas the catalytically inactive pdk1 blocked insulin-induced activation of p70s6k. one of the most studied signalling events controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of a group of agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-55371 "perfluorohexanesulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:132448 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268764 "1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynyl ester" chemical CHEBI:92418 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258637 SPART protein Q8N0X7 UNIPROT WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19580544 t miannu "Cytosolic endogenous spartin is mono-ubiquitinated and we demonstrate that it interacts via a PPXY motif with the ubiquitin E3 ligases AIP4 [atrophin-interacting protein 4; ITCH (itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homologue] [corrected] and AIP5 (WWP1). Surprisingly, the PPXY motif, AIP4 and AIP5 are not required for spartin's ubiquitination, and so we propose that spartin acts as an adaptor for these proteins." SIGNOR-261307 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 20630875 t gcesareni "Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (mt) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. Here we show that in response to hyperosmotic stress, jnk phosphorylates a key cytoplasmic microtubule regulatory protein, stathmin (stmn), on conserved ser-25 and ser-38 residues. In in vitro biochemical studies, we identified stmn ser-38 as the critical residue required for efficient phosphorylation by jnk and identified a novel kinase interaction domain in stmn required for recognition by jnk. We revealed that jnk was required for microtubule stabilization in response to hyperosmotic stress." SIGNOR-166698 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser193 GLPERSVsLTGAPES 10116 17177604 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates the mRNA decay-promoting factor KSRP at a unique serine residue, induces its association with the multifunctional protein 14-3-3, and prevents KSRP interaction with the exoribonucleolytic complex exosome. This impairs KSRP’s ability to promote rapid mRNA decay." SIGNOR-151220 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9311920 t gcesareni "Recombinant agouti-related protein was a potent, selective antagonist of mc3r and mc4r,." SIGNOR-51104 NUP188 protein Q5SRE5 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262084 FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT FBLN5 protein Q9UBX5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19570982 t miannu "Fibulin-4 and -5 are extracellular glycoproteins with essential non-compensatory roles in elastic fiber assembly. We have determined how they interact with tropoelastin, lysyl oxidase, and fibrillin-1, thereby revealing how they differentially regulate assembly. Both fibulins differentially bound N-terminal fibrillin-1, which strongly inhibited their binding to lysyl oxidase and tropoelastin." SIGNOR-252138 RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262421 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 17341133 t lperfetto "Arkadia represses the expression of myoblast differentiation markers through degradation of ski and the ski-bound smad complex in c2c12 myoblastsarkadia bound smad2/3 via ski to induce the ubiquitination of smad2/3. These results suggest that arkadia targets ski-bound, inactive phospho-smad2/3 to regulate positively myostatin/tgf-beta signaling." SIGNOR-236873 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser53 GHSTGEDsAFQEPDS 9606 15350223 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of serines 53 and 123 (s53 and s123) of wee1a by polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) and cdk, respectively, are required for binding to beta-trcp." SIGNOR-128643 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10116 11602624 f gcesareni "Using a novel AMPK inhibitor, we find that AMPK activation is required for metformin€™s inhibitory effect on glucose production by hepatocytes. In isolated rat skeletal muscles, metformin stimulates glucose uptake coincident with AMPK activation" SIGNOR-241952 codeine chemical CHEBI:16714 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258933 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11486031 t lperfetto "Using this inducible system, we show that Notchic activates transcription of the cyclin D1 gene with rapid kinetics." SIGNOR-209753 PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT INS protein P01308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11309388 t "In conclusion, Pdx1 confers the expression of pancreatic β-cell-specific genes, such as genes encoding insulin, islet amyloid polypeptide, Glut2, and Nkx6.1." SIGNOR-255541 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC4 protein P62807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271986 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC18 protein Q5QNW6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271987 UBN1 protein Q9NPG3 UNIPROT "HIRA complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C461 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30285846 t miannu "H3.3 is an ancient and conserved H3 variant and plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation. HIRA complex, which is composed of HIRA, UBN1 or UBN2, and Cabin1, is a H3.3 specific chaperone complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the UBN1 or UBN2 subunit is mainly responsible for specific recognition and direct binding of H3.3 by the HIRA complex." SIGNOR-269433 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT MBD3 protein O95983 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser85 RQRVRYDsSNQVKGK 9606 BTO:0000567 12354758 t llicata "These results suggest that the biochemical changes of mbd3 may be intimately related to the targeting of mbd3 to centrosomes. aurora-a phosphorylates mbd3" SIGNOR-93697 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270722 BMS-754807 chemical CHEBI:88339 ChEBI IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190497 ZSTK-474 chemical CHEBI:90545 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207944 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 17974954 t "Overexpression of PTP1B increased Src specific activity in colon cancer cells by reducing phosphorylation at Y530 of Src." SIGNOR-248422 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser184 GKKSGKKsYLSGGAG 9606 23226345 t lperfetto "Aurora b kinase phosphorylates yy1 on serine 184 and to a lesser extent serine 180 at the g2/m stage of the cell cycle (fig. 7). We show that yy1 is rapidly dephosphorylated as the cells exit mitosis, likely by pp1. Also, our data indicates that phosphorylation at serine 180 and serine 184 can affect the dna binding activity of yy1" SIGNOR-200079 PSENEN protein Q9NZ42 UNIPROT RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 19000841 t gcesareni "Ryk activity is modulated through cleavage of its icd by gamma-secretase" SIGNOR-182145 wortmannin chemical CHEBI:52289 ChEBI MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207791 RHOBTB3 protein O94955 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24145166 t miannu "Here we show that RhoBTB3, a Golgi-associated, Rho-related ATPase, regulates the S/G2 transition of the cell cycle by targeting cyclin E for ubiquitylation. Depletion of RhoBTB3 arrested cells in S phase, triggered Golgi fragmentation, and elevated cyclin E levels. On the Golgi, RhoBTB3 bound cyclin E as part of a Cullin3 (CUL3)-dependent RING-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex comprised of RhoBTB3, CUL3, and RBX1." SIGNOR-272132 IC-87114 chemical CHEBI:90686 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000848 21048785 t gcesareni "Ic87114 is a selective pi3kinhibitor." SIGNOR-169213 IRX5 protein P78411 UNIPROT KCND2 protein Q9NZV8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000387 16239150 t Luana "Irx5 Directly Represses the Kcnd2 Promoter" SIGNOR-266045 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257407 EGFL7 protein Q9UHF1 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002881 19503073 t miannu "Here we have identified transmembrane receptors of the Notch family as EGFL7-binding molecules. Secreted EGFL7 binds to a region in Notch involved in ligand-mediated receptor activation, thus acting as an antagonist of Notch signalling. Expression of EGFL7 in neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro decreased Notch-specific signalling and consequently, reduced proliferation and self-renewal of NSCs." SIGNOR-266860 CTNNA2 protein P26232 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "In keratinocytes, YAP strongly interacts with a-catenin, and this interaction is mediated by 14-3-3." gcesareni "The trimeric complex of alfa-catenin, 14-3-3, and yap sequesters yap at ajs and prevents yap dephosphorylation/activation." SIGNOR-201245 WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA. Alternative splicing produces two forms of hTrpRS in human cells: full-length hTrpRS (residues 1-471) and mini-hTrpRS (residues 48-471)" SIGNOR-270511 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser77 YEPEGSAsPTPPYLK -1 17318175 t lperfetto "Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated (Supplementary Figure 3). Three of them (S80, S82, and S473) were also phosphorylated in vitro by CKI and are conserved between axin1 and axin2/conductin.|This suggests that cumulative phosphorylation of axin is required for it to fully downregulate Wnt/beta_catenin signaling." SIGNOR-249191 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser403 ESTDSGLsMSSYSVP 9606 phosphorylation:Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 23431053 t milica "Phosphorylation of YAP (S381) and TAZ (S311) by Lats1/2 primes subsequent phosphorylation events by Casein Kinase 1 (CK1d/e); this sequential phosphorylation results in recruitment of b-transducin repeat-containing proteins (b-TRCP; a subunit of the SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase) and consequently leads to degradation of YAP/TAZ" SIGNOR-201170 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser752 KMKKTSTsTETRSSS 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "Msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758. ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758 are phosphorylated by the n-terminal kinase domain;however, their function is not known." SIGNOR-131403 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser396 NTVDLHIsNSHPLSL -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178399 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 19713933 t lperfetto "In addition, wip1 can dephosphorylate atm, as well as other components of the dna damage checkpoint, such as p38." SIGNOR-187770 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12000790 t lperfetto "We conclude that a major role of axin in the wnt is to provide the kinase activity that initiates the betBeta-catenin phosphorylation cascade at s45 . This process is mediated by cki, the alfa, delta, or ? Isoform, all detected in association with axin by lc/mscomplex of axin and casein kinase i (cki) induces betBeta-catenin phosphorylation at a single site: serine 45 (s45)" SIGNOR-227970 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT AHR-ARNT complex SIGNOR-C125 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 9020169 t 2 miannu "SIM1 and SIM2, and the mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) proteins are members of the basic-helix-loop-helix·PAS family of transcription factors. In the yeast two-hybrid system, we demonstrate strong constitutive interaction of ARNT with SIM1 and SIM2 and fully ligand-dependent interaction of ARNT with AHR. SIM1 inhibits binding of the AHR·ARNT dimer to the xenobiotic response element in vitro Introduction of SIM1 into hepatoma cells inhibits transcriptional transactivation by the endogenous AHR·ARNT dimer." SIGNOR-240814 UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT PDZRN3 protein Q9UPQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 17576800 t miannu "Our initial tests of various E2s showed that the RING domain of PDZRN3 exhibits ubiquitin ligase activity in the presence of E1 and the UbcH5 family of E2 enzymes (Fig. 3 A). Consistent with this finding, GST pull-down assays showed that PDZRN3 directly interacts with the UbcH5B ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (Fig. 3 B). " SIGNOR-271663 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25750431 t svumbaca "The results of this study show that the absence of HIFs in MPs has no impact on the resolution of inflammation in two sterile models of skeletal muscle regeneration" SIGNOR-256236 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 SIGNOR-C5 10023660 t lperfetto "These results indicate that the cul1/skp1/beta-trcp complex forms a ubiquitin ligase that mediates the degradation of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-64499 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57795 ChEBI "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate(5-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58456 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 9367159 t Gianni "The enzymes that produce PtdIns-4,5-P2 in vitro fall into two related subfamilies (type I and type II PtdInsP-5-OH kinases, or PIP(5)Ks) based on their enzymatic properties and sequence similarities'. Here we have reinvestigated the substrate specificities of these enzymes. As expected, the type I enzyme phosphorylates PtdIns-4-P at the D-5 position of the inositol ring. Surprisingly, the type II enzyme, which is abundant in some tissues, phosphorylates PtdIns-5-P at the D-4 position, and thus should be considered as a 4-OH kinase, or PIP(4)K" SIGNOR-268865 ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9428518 t gcesareni "Stable expression of alpha6beta4 increased carcinoma invasion in a pi3k-dependent manner, and transient expression of a constitutively active pi3k increased invasion in the absence of alpha6beta4. Ligation of alpha6beta4 stimulated significantly more pi3k activity than ligation of beta1 integrins, establishing specificity among integrins for pi3k activation." SIGNOR-54530 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT CABLES1 protein Q8TDN4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser273 PGQGGSTsAFEQLQR -1 11733001 t llicata "Here, we report that Ser274 of p70ik3-1 is phosphorylated by cdk2 or cdk3 bound to cyclin A and to cyclin E in vitro. We also found that in COS7 cells in which cyclin E and cdk3 were ectopically overexpressed, the phosphorylation level of Ser274 in coexpressed p70ik3-1 is upregulated. We therefore conclude that p70ik3-1 is a substrate for cdk3-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250679 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser25 PCLIIEDsQPESQVL 9606 12697768 t llicata "To examine whether the respective sq sites become phosphorylated in vivo, we raised polyclonal antibodies against phosphorylated ser-6 (anti-s6p), phosphorylated ser-25 and ser-29 (anti-s25p/29p), and phosphorylated ser-784 (anti-s784p). All affinity-purified antisera recognized 53bp1" SIGNOR-100641 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "Pgc1alfa is thought to mediate transcription downstream of the nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alfa (hnf4alfa) and the transcription factor foxo1 in the promoters of key gluconeogenic enzymes, including glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepck)" SIGNOR-166358 CNOT9 protein Q92600 UNIPROT GIGYF2 protein Q6Y7W6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20878056 t miannu "Through interaction analysis of RQCD1 with full-length or partial proteins of GIGYF1 and GIGYF2, segments corresponding to 620-665th and 667-712th amino acids were identified as potential interacting regions on GIGYF1 and GIGYF2, respectively, with RQCD1. we found that RQCD1 was required for enhancement of the interaction of Grb10 with GIGYF1 and GIGYF2" SIGNOR-260058 trimetrexate chemical CHEBI:9737 ChEBI DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 7981057 t miannu "We examined the cytotoxicity and biochemical effects of the lipophilic antifol trimetrexate (TMQ) in two human colon carcinoma cell lines, SNU-C4 and NCI-H630, with different inherent sensitivity to TMQ. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase were quantitatively and qualitatively similar in both lines. During drug exposure, DHFR catalytic activity was inhibited by > or = 85% in both cell lines" SIGNOR-258482 TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT ACVR2A protein P27037 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12682303 t acerquone "Here we show that cripto can form a complex with activin and actrii/iib cripto inhibited crosslinking of activin to alk4 and the association of alk4 with actrii/iib." SIGNOR-100052 Naltrindole chemical CHEBI:81528 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258816 Laminin-5 complex SIGNOR-C184 SIGNOR "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9790905 t lperfetto "We propose that these alpha6 beta4/Ln-5 complexes may provide links between plasma membrane and basement membrane that resist mechanical stress and support epithelial integrity." SIGNOR-253238 ELF4 protein Q99607 UNIPROT LYZ protein P61626 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 14976184 f miannu "Myeloid elf-1-like factor (mef) or elf4, which is a member of the ets transcription factor family, up-regulates the basal expression of lysozyme gene in epithelial cells and is constitutively localized in the nucleus" SIGNOR-122236 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003879 20646316 f miannu "Individual genes upregulated by TWIST1 known to promote EMT and/or GBM invasion included SNAI2, MMP2, HGF, FAP and FN1." SIGNOR-255521 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser125 HGSDSVEsAEKEIGL -1 8810265 t miannu "For autophosphorylated rNm23-H1, phosphorylation was observed at serine 44 and on a fragment containing serines 120, 122, and 125.The biochemical function of Nm23 serine phosphorylation is unknown." SIGNOR-250198 SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT SNCAIP protein Q9Y6H5 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16174773 t lperfetto "Siah proteins ubiquitylate synphilin-1 and promote its degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome system" SIGNOR-140651 CUDC-907 chemical CID:54575456 PUBCHEM PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191212 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270987 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PJA2 protein O43164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271143 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr593 NGMNQQAyAYPATAA 9606 17018282 t llicata "These results suggested that p68 was phosphorylated by c-abl in ht-29 cells under stimulation of pdgf. we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of p68 at y593 mediated pdgf-stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt). We showed that pdgf treatment led to phosphorylation of p68 at y593 in the cell nucleus. The y593-phosphorylated p68 (referred to as phosphor-p68) promotes beta-catenin nuclear translocation via a wnt-independent pathway." SIGNOR-149988 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268879 BRSK2 protein Q8IWQ3 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 9606 21918180 t gcesareni "Ampka1 activators increased phosphorylation level and cytoplasmic localization (reduced nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio). Ampka1 activators reduced rna synthesis in the nucleoli." SIGNOR-176594 SMARCA1 protein P28370 UNIPROT ST7 protein Q9NRC1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 15485929 t lperfetto "Human SWI/SNF-associated PRMT5 methylates histone H3 arginine 8 and negatively regulates expression of ST7 and NM23 tumor suppressor genes." SIGNOR-268991 Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 t gcesareni "Wnt7a binding to fzd7 activates pi3k through a g protein alpha s- dependent mechanism." SIGNOR-253125 ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT "WRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C191 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21107423 t miannu "WAVE proteins are constitutively associated with four additional proteins in cells: Sra1/Cyfip1, Nap1/Hem-2, Abi and HSPC300. The components of this ~400 kDa pentamer, termed the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) have all been implicated in control of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly in a wide range of systems" SIGNOR-253571 UMPS protein P11172 UNIPROT orotate smallmolecule CHEBI:30839 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 2912371 t miannu "Uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase contains two sequential catalytic activities for the synthesis of orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) from orotate (EC 2.4.2.10, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and the decarboxylation of OMP to form UMP (EC 4.1.1.23, OMP decarboxylase)." SIGNOR-267436 KLHL20 protein Q9Y2M5 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26687681 t miannu "Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin Ligase Governs the Turnover of ULK1 and VPS34 Complexes to Control Autophagy Termination. KLHL20 promotes ubiquitination of phagophore-residing VPS34 and Beclin-1" SIGNOR-272416 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000150 19573809 f lperfetto "However, here we show through phosphoprotein profiling and functional genomic studies that many PIK3CA mutant cancer cell lines and human breast tumors exhibit only minimal AKT activation and a diminished reliance on AKT for anchorage-independent growth" SIGNOR-236436 ARHGAP15 protein Q53QZ3 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260470 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT IRAG1 protein Q9Y6F6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000584 17312387 f "In contrast, BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others. In conclusion, BTF3 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it acts as a transcriptional regulator rather than a direct modulator of apoptosis." SIGNOR-253946 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0000130 9323209 t amattioni "Caspase-3 mediates cleavage of gelsolin, generating a fragment that severs actin filaments in an unregulated fashion. The cleavage of gelsolin causes cells to round up, detach and undergo nuclear fragmentation." SIGNOR-256461 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18394876 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of the two remaining akt-dependent sites inhibits foxo6 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252582 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF167 protein Q9H6Y7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271224 HLF protein Q16534 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23415677 f miannu "Ectopic hlf expression inhibits apoptosis in murine and human cells, suggesting that hlf is regulating a conserved transcriptional program that inhibits cell death." SIGNOR-201034 IGFBP3 protein P17936 UNIPROT Neuron_maturation phenotype SIGNOR-PH169 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000142 17278996 f Luana "IGFBP3 overexpression due to lack of MeCP2 may lead to delayed brain maturation." SIGNOR-265774 "NRZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C358 SIGNOR Vesicle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH172 SIGNOR up-regulates 25364732 f lperfetto "NRZ complex, which comprises NAG, RINT1, and ZW10, is also involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, but each component of the complex has diverse cellular functions including endosome-to-Golgi transport, cytokinesis, cell cycle checkpoint, autophagy, and mRNA decay." SIGNOR-265026 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002036 25012566 f lperfetto "We subsequently analyzed whether Gαo modulates the cellular activities of Necdin. Notably, expression of Gαo significantly augmented Necdin-mediated cellular responses, such as proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), a Gi/oα-coupled receptor, augmented cell growth suppression, which was mediated by Gαo and Necdin in U87MG cells containing CB1R, Gαo, and Necdin as normal components." SIGNOR-253389 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1168 HGHVSDAsISLGESV -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262903 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9013873 f gcesareni "Vav may link gp130 activation to downstream mapk activation in hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-46064 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity." SIGNOR-183661 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT SMN1 protein Q16637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 23022481 t lperfetto "Here, we report that FUS associates with the SMN complex, mediated by U1 snRNP and by direct interactions between FUS and SMN.|The FUS IP and pulldown revealed that FUS also associates with components of the SMN complex, including SMN and Gemins 4 and 6 |Remarkably, the number of SMN-stained nuclear bodies was dramatically reduced in the FUS knockdown cells" SIGNOR-262107 NTRK3 protein Q16288 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10235685 t gcesareni "Unglycosylated trka core protein is phosphorylated even in the absence of ligand stimulation and displays constitutive kinase activity as well as constitutive interaction with the signaling molecules shc and plc-gamma." SIGNOR-67404 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR BACE1 protein P56817 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 20854419 t miannu "SCFFbx2-E3-ligase-mediated degradation of BACE1 attenuates Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis and improves synaptic function. We report that the SCF(Fbx2) -E3 ligase is involved in the binding and ubiquitination of BACE1 via its Trp 280 residue of F-box-associated domain. we found that overexpression of Fbx2 in the primary cortical and hippocampal neurons derived from Tg2576 transgenic mice significantly promoted BACE1 degradation and reduced β-amyloid production." SIGNOR-271903 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 acetylation:Lys21;Lys17 GGAKRHRkVLRDNIQ;GLGKGGAkRHRKVLR 27991587 t lperfetto "BRD4 interacts with acetylated nucleosomes via both its BD1 and BD2 domains. Our results indicate that BRD4-BD1 binds to nucleosomes through the acetylated histone H4 tail and does not additionally interact with DNA." SIGNOR-262065 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA 9606 10669763 t gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 directly phosphorylate bcl2 exclusively at ser-70 p44mapk/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) and p42 mapk/erk2 are activated by il-3, colocalize with mitochondrial bcl2, and can directly phosphorylate bcl2 on ser-70 in a stauro-resistant manner both in vitro and in vivo molecular association." SIGNOR-74935 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser80 LHIRSSMsGLHLVKQ 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 SIGNOR-C15 12015362 t gcesareni "Significant negative linear correlations between phospho-acc and acc activity were observed in all models (p < 0.01). The decline in acc activity was related to the decrease in pcr and the rise in amp. A relationship between phospho-ampk (threonine 172) and activity of ampk immunoprecipitated with anti-alpha(2) subunit antibody preparation was also observed." SIGNOR-87583 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23620287 t gcesareni "Dna-dependentprotein_ kinase_ (dna-pk) that phosphorylate h2ax at dsbs" SIGNOR-192443 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT ST3GAL5 protein Q9UNP4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002335 21699754 f miannu "Our results identified the core promoter region in the hST3Gal V promoter and for the first time demonstrated that ATF2 binding to the CREB/ATF binding site at -143 is essential for transcriptional activation of hST3Gal V in VPA-induced ARPE-19 cells." SIGNOR-253745 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT PCK2 protein Q16822 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000759 20137375 f miannu "NF-kappaB p65 was shown to inhibit transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis in the liver" SIGNOR-255072 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A4 protein Q9UP95 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "We have shown that with-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) possesses several properties that suggest it could be the Cl−/volume-sensitive regulatory kinase that, in association with protein phosphatases, reciprocally modifies the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of the SLC12 proteins and thus their activities|WNK3 activates NKCC1/2 and NCC and inhibits the KCCs" SIGNOR-264627 FHL1 protein Q13642 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9418910 t "With differential splicing resulting in deletion of an exon, KyoT2 lacked two LIM domains from the C terminus and had a frameshift in the last exon, creating the RBP-J-binding region in the C terminus" gcesareni "It was demonstrated by emsa that kyot2 can form a complex with dna-bound rbp-j, but the dna-binding affinity of the kyot2rbp-j complex is greatly weakened and it exists mostly dissociated from dna" SIGNOR-54277 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation -1 14614828 t lperfetto "We demonstrated that lkb1 phosphorylates ampk on the activation loop threonine (thr172) within the catalytic subunit and activates ampk in vitro. Here, we have investigated whether lkb1 corresponds to the major ampkk activity present in cell extracts. Ampkk purified from rat liver corresponds to lkb1, and blocking lkb1 activity in cells abolishes ampk activation in response to different stimuli" SIGNOR-217469 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 19860666 f gcesareni "Gli activators bind to gaccaccca motif to regulate transcription of gli1, ptch1, ptch2, hhip1, mycn, ccnd1, ccnd2, bcl2, cflar, foxf1, foxl1, prdm1 (blimp1), jag2, grem1, and follistatin." SIGNOR-188878 GPR174 protein Q9BXC1 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256757 "PD-153035 hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:91075 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205716 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22575959 t "Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6." SIGNOR-260118 U2AF2 protein P26368 UNIPROT ZRSR2/U2AF2 complex SIGNOR-C81 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9237760 t miannu "Recognition of a functional 3' splice site in pre-mrna splicing requires a heterodimer of the proteins u2af65/u2af35." SIGNOR-50173 CORT protein O00230 UNIPROT GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12161511 t gcesareni "In human tissues cst-14 as well as cst-17 but not ss-14 bind the gh secretagogue receptor (ghs-r)." SIGNOR-91134 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MCRIP1 protein C9JLW8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 25728771 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "When phosphorylated by ERK, MCRIP1 dissociates from CtBP, allowing CtBP to interact with ZEB1. In this manner, the CtBP co-repressor complex is recruited to, and silences, the E-cadherin promoter by inducing chromatin modifications.| While substitution of S4 or S18 with Ala did not affect the phosphorylation of MCRIP1 by ERK, substitution of either S21 or T30 significantly reduced MCRIP1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-270188 HACD3 protein Q9P035 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18554506 t "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. However, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase catalyzing the third step in mammals has remained unidentified. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases," SIGNOR-267762 antigen smallmolecule CHEBI:59132 ChEBI BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The recognition of antigen by the BCR initiates BCR signaling cascade." SIGNOR-268202 midostaurin chemical CHEBI:63452 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 16969355 t lperfetto "Midostaurin (PKC412A), N-benzoyl-staurosporine, potently inhibits protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha), VEGFR2, KIT, PDGFR and FLT3 tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-261982 "2-(4-(4,4-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl)-1-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester" chemical CID:127728 PUBCHEM HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Several compounds proposed as ‘atypical’ antipsychoticagents were found to exhibit agonist activity at 5-HT1A EC values were greater than the respective Kvalues50i .21.8""5.8-fold difference,ns10 and a high degree of correlation was observed. All the compounds displayed high or marked bind-ing affinity at CHO-h5-HT1A receptors except for olanzapine, which exhibited a micromolar Kvalue at h5-HTi1A receptors (table3)." SIGNOR-258949 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deacetylation Lys594 KEVEDIEkYLEDQVN 9606 BTO:0000007 21726808 t lperfetto "Conversely, SIRT2 deacetylates and stabilizes PEPCK1.|Furthermore, coexpression of P300 increased acetylation levels of wild-type PEPCK1, but not PEPCK13K/R, indicating that P300 acts on these lysine residues of PEPCK1" SIGNOR-267602 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15340381 t gcesareni "The F-box family of proteins €” which are the substrate-recognition components of the Skp1€“Cul1€“F-box-protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase €” are important players in many mammalian functions." SIGNOR-243554 INPPL1 protein O15357 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI down-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 9111325 t gcesareni "Sip specifically and markedly reduced the level of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) triphosphate [ptdins(3,4,5)p3] generated in oocytes in response to insulin" SIGNOR-47537 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MPZL1 protein O95297 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr241 SHQGPVIyAQLDHSG 9606 11751924 t lperfetto "Indeed, our studies indicated that cross-linking of pzr by cona lead to activation of c-src, which may be responsible for phosphorylation of pzr and possibly other proteins. Phosphorylation of pzr in turn recruits shp-2, which by itself is an essential signal transducertyrosine residues 241 and 263 embedded in the itims are responsible for the tyrosine phosphorylation of pzr" SIGNOR-113406 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000093 BTO:0000150 26918608 t lperfetto "P85alpha promotes nucleolin transcription and subsequently enhances EGFR mRNA stability and EGF-induced malignant cellular transformation." SIGNOR-252671 "9-cis-retinoic acid" chemical CHEBI:50648 ChEBI RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18321241 t miannu "Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a unique panagonist retinoid, capable of binding to all six known retinoid receptors (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma)." SIGNOR-259238 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 18930133 t "PPM1A and PPM1B act as IKKbeta phosphatases to terminate TNFalpha-induced IKKbeta-NF-kappaB activation|Overexpression of PPM1A or PPM1B results in dephosphorylation of IKKbeta at Ser177 and Ser181 and termination of IKKbeta-induced NF-kappaB activation." SIGNOR-248487 "SB 505124" chemical CHEBI:100922 ChEBI TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 14978253 t gcesareni "Sb-505124 is a selective inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta type i receptors alk4, alk5, and alk7." SIGNOR-122910 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 23685857 f "Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α, also known as cachectin) is a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the immune system during inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis" SIGNOR-258988 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr220 QSNYIPEtPPPGYIS 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248296 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sQKHRDFV 9606 BTO:0000567 16371512 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain. Coexpression of vrk1 and gfp-baf greatly diminishes the association of baf with the nuclear chromatin/matrix and leads to its dispersal throughout the cell" SIGNOR-143368 ethanol chemical CHEBI:16236 ChEBI GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 8355 BTO:0000964 8700149 t "inferred from family member" miannu "Pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol (10-200 mM) reversibly potentiated the glycine receptor function in all receptors. Ethanol potentiation depended on the glycine concentration used, with decreased potentiation observed at higher glycine concentrations." SIGNOR-270260 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 17938195 t gcesareni "We show that histone h3 is phosphorylated by vaccinia-related kinase 1 (vrk1). Direct phosphorylation of thr3 and ser10 in h3 by vrk1 both in vitro and in vivo was observed. Loss of vrk1 activity was associated with a marked decrease in h3 phosphorylation during mitosis." SIGNOR-265371 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15894802 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-270280 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 20153295 f lperfetto "We found that the expression of myf5 and cyclind1 remained significantly elevated upon induction of differentiation in cells that were overexpressing hyap1 s127a compared to cells transfected with wildtype hyap and empty vector;yap directly induced the transcription of ccnd1 and foxm1, in cooperation with tead transcription factor." SIGNOR-235849 SPTB protein P11277 UNIPROT "Erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C384 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 24302288 t lperfetto "Spectrin is a large, cytoskeletal, and heterodimeric protein composed of modular structure of alpha and beta subunits, it typically contains 106 contiguous amino acid sequence motifs called “spectrin repeats”. Spectrin is crucial for maintaining the stability and structure of the cell membrane and the shape of a cell" SIGNOR-266024 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HAND1 protein O96004 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser109 KERRRTEsINSAFAE 10116 BTO:0001556 14636580 t miannu "In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation studies show that both PKA and PKC can phosphorylate HAND1 and -2. T107; S109 within helix I and S98 within the basic domain, are the phosphorylated residues. We determined that modification of HAND1 at residues 107 and 109 affects dimerization affinities with E-proteins, thus changing the bHLH dimer equilibrium within the cell. These modifications also affect HAND1 function." SIGNOR-249989 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136." SIGNOR-81145 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253420 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 LSEQNRAsPLPSGLL 9606 19561641 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of threonine 395 has been linked to the proteasome-mediated degradation of full length cyclin e" SIGNOR-186414 EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr779 EDDPEAAyTTRGGKI 9606 11870224 t "Eph receptor activation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of three major autophosphorylation sites. these residues function to regulate kinase activity, their phosphorylation being required for full intrinsic enzyme activity. these tyrosines (EphA3 Y596, Y602 and Y779) as the prominent autophosphorylation sites of EphA3" SIGNOR-251117 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr228 LNEGKHLyTLDGGDI 9606 12400005 t gcesareni "We found that rack1 is a src substrate. Moreover, src activity is necessary for both the tyrosine phosphorylation of rack1 and the binding of rack1 to src's sh2 domain that occur following pkc activation. To identify the tyrosine(s) on rack1 that is phosphorylated by src, we generated and tested a series of rack1 mutants. We found that src phosphorylates rack1 on tyr 228 and/or tyr 246" SIGNOR-94796 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr35 LLKHAEAtLGSGNLR 9606 21808241 t "MOB1a and MOB1b are near identical to each other with protein sequence homology>90%, and more importantly, both of them are putative tumor suppressors." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-175841 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser398 WKRLRSHsRQYVSGL 9606 BTO:0000975 15107581 t "Translocation from Endosome to Lysosome" fspada "A specific pkg inhibitor inhibits h1r downregulation in cho cells (37). However, direct activation of pkg in these cells does not cause h1r down-regulation, indicating that more studies are required to clarify the role of pkg in h1r down-regulation." SIGNOR-124360 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1665 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248783 PYGB protein P11216 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t miannu "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267396 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr753 YACASPKtPIQAGGY 9606 19933846 t gcesareni "Erk-induced phosphorylation of b-raf on t753 promoted the disassembly of raf heterodimers, and the mutation of t753 prolonged growth factor-induced heterodimerization. The b-raf t753a mutant enhanced differentiation of pc12 cells, which was previously shown to be dependent on sustained erk signaling. Site is critical for v-src dependent modulation of slk kinase activity." SIGNOR-161819 URI1 protein O94763 UNIPROT "URI1 prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C514 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484151 t miannu "In humans, the R2TP complex consists of orthologous proteins named RUVBL1, RUVBL2, RPAP3, and PIH1D1  and the PFDL module is composed of two α (UXT and URI1) and four β subunits (PFDN2, PFDN6, PDRG1, and one of them likely duplicated) as well as two additional members, the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2E/RPB5, and WDR94" SIGNOR-270917 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253459 NET1 protein Q7Z628 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260561 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 25096180 f "Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/atrogin-1 were identified more than 10 years ago as two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases that are increased transcriptionally in skeletal muscle under atrophy-inducing conditions, making them excellent markers of muscle atrophy" SIGNOR-252072 ATF3 protein P18847 UNIPROT GDF15 protein Q99988 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15670751 t lperfetto "In addition, DIM increased the expression of NAG-1 as well as activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and the induction of ATF3 was earlier than that of NAG-1. The DIM treatment increased luciferase activity of NAG-1 in HCT-116 cells transfected with NAG-1 promoter construct. The results suggest that I3C represses cell proliferation through up-regulation of NAG-1 and that ATF3 may play a pivotal role in DIM-induced NAG-1 expression in human colorectal cancer cells." SIGNOR-253725 Lewy_body_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH56 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 20479780 f lperfetto "The genetic causes of PD seem to participate in con­ verging pathways to pathogenesis, but it is unclear whether all or only some of these pathways need to be activated for lewy body deposition and neuronal death to occur." SIGNOR-249703 PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256932 PIK3R4 protein Q99570 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 27411398 t lperfetto "Vps34 PI 3-kinase activity18 is stimulated by complex formation with the protein kinase Vps15|Rab5GTP binds Vps15, enhancing Vps34 activity" SIGNOR-260709 GABRA4 protein P48169 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263748 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004136 12393465 t apalma "These results indicate that AML1-ETO competes c-Jun away from binding to the β3β4 domain of PU.1. Thus, the c-Jun coactivation function of PU.1 is down-regulated and this in turn down-regulates transcriptional activity of PU.1." SIGNOR-255660 PTGIR protein P43119 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256949 MAP3K2 protein Q9Y2U5 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11343802 t gcesareni "Both mekk2 and mekk3 are able to activate the jun kinase pathway in vivo. However, following routine immunoprecipitation in triton x-100, mekk2 but not mekk3 is able to effectively phosphorylate both sek-1 and mek-1 and to undergo autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-107692 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0003298 BTO:0001103 30029643 f "In summary, our results indicate IL-15 can stimulate the proliferation of FAPs through Jak-STAT pathway." SIGNOR-256256 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 9794469 f miannu "Orphan receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 antagonizes estrogen receptor alpha-mediated induction of human coagulation factor XII gene. In conclusion, our findings address a direct role for HNF-4 in modulating estrogen-dependent transcription of the FXII gene promoter." SIGNOR-254073 DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19497851 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate by luciferase assay that the MYC promoter is specifically activated by overexpression of DLX5 and that two DLX5 binding sites in the MYC promoter are important for transcriptional activation of MYC. We also show that DLX5 binds to the MYC promoter both in vitro and in vivo and that transfection of a DLX5 expression plasmid promotes the expression of MYC in a dose-dependent manner in mammalian cells" SIGNOR-241914 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser260 NMGLNPSsPNDPVTN 9606 17604322 t lperfetto "In colon cancer cells, the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway phosphorylates RXRalpha, which impairs its function as a heterodimeric partner for PPARgamma|A point‐mutated RXRalpha T82A/S260A, which mimics the unphosphorylated form of RXRalpha, can form a heterodimer with PPARgamma and thereby activate target gene expression by binding to the PPRE" SIGNOR-88662 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 10464286 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-252815 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SP7 protein Q8TDD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 20682789 t ggiuliani "We therefore propose that Osterix binds to Sp1 sequences on target gene promoters and that its phosphorylation by p38 enhances recruitment of coactivators to form transcriptionally active complexes" SIGNOR-255791 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17960585 f miannu "Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is known to depend on the formation of Smad2/3-Smad4 transcription regulatory complexes. Functional analysis revealed that Smad3 and Smad4 were the predominant mediators of TGF-beta-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells. We provide evidence that up-regulation of Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), under the transcriptional control of Smad3-Smad4 signaling, is crucial to TGF-beta-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-260425 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser306 VSQEVTRsLKDFSSS -1 12519779 t lperfetto "Munc18a is essential for neurotransmitter release by exocytosis and can be phosphorylated by PKC in vitro on Ser-306 and Ser-313. We demonstrate that it is phosphorylated on Ser-313 in response to phorbol ester treatment in adrenal chromaffin cells. Mutation of both phosphorylation sites to glutamate reduces its affinity for syntaxin and so acts as a phosphomimetic mutation." SIGNOR-249184 MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT PZP protein P20742 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu778 WKAGAFClSEDAGLG -1 9344465 t lperfetto "The complex formation was confirmed by the use of 125I-labeled matrix metalloproteinase-2. The cleavage sites in the ""bait"" regions following formation of high-molecular-weight complexes of matrix metalloproteinases with the alpha-macroglobulins were determined by protein sequence analysis. Pregnancy zone protein was cleaved at Thr693-Tyr694 and alpha2-macroglobulin at Gly679-Leu680 and Arg696-Leu697 by matrix metalloproteinase-2. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 cleaved alpha2-macroglobulin at the same site as matrix metalloproteinase-2, but cleavage of pregnancy zone protein was at Leu753-Ser754.|MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261785 HAUS5 protein O94927 UNIPROT "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19369198 t lperfetto "Here, by using mass spectrometry, we identified the full human augmin complex of 8 subunits and show that it interacts with the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC)" SIGNOR-262317 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DMA protein P28067 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9300700 f "The class II transactivator (CIITA) is a highly specific transcription factor that activates only genes known to be involved in the class II MHC processing pathway, including class II MHC, invariant chain, and HLA-DMA/B genes." SIGNOR-254004 COPS6 protein Q7L5N1 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270767 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT ITGAM protein P11215 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12393465 f apalma "CD11b is regulated by PU.1 and its promoter contains putative binding sites of AML1. In this case AML1-ETO interaction and down-regulation of important myeloid transcription factors like PU.1 and AML1 could explain the lower CD11b expression" SIGNOR-255661 PDGFB protein P01127 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11331882 t miannu "Pdgf-b activates both pdgfr-alpha and pdgfr-beta" SIGNOR-107400 KPNA3 protein O00505 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 20454918 t gcesareni "Nicd binds via one of its four potential nuclear localization signals to importins alfa3, alfa4, and alfa7." SIGNOR-165280 APC2 protein O95996 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 9601641 t acerquone "Human axin (haxin) binds directly to beta-catenin, gsk3 beta, and apc in vitro, and the endogenous proteins are found in a complex in cells." SIGNOR-57673 TLR7 protein Q9NYK1 UNIPROT IFNA1 protein P01562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0004625 15661881 f miannu "TLR7 in pDC is functionally associated with the production of IFN-α- and IFN-regulated cytokines, similar to the role of TLR9." SIGNOR-259248 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257682 GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT Protein_glycosylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH144 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21310273 f miannu "GFPT1 is the key enzyme of the hexosamine pathway yielding the amino sugar UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, an essential substrate for protein glycosylation." SIGNOR-267820 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18042454 t miannu "We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity." SIGNOR-159358 FKBP5 protein Q13451 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 25790864 t gcesareni "When not associated with glucocorticoids, glucocorticoid receptors are predominantly found in the cytoplasm as part of a multimeric molecular chaperone complex that includes several heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSP70 and HSP90, the HSP90_binding protein p23 (also known as PTGES3) and proteins that help to bind HSP90 such as FK506_binding protein 5 (FKBP5)." SIGNOR-251666 HCFC1 protein P51610 UNIPROT "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12670868 t miannu "Our analysis of HCF-1-associated proteins suggests that a K4 histone H3 HMT complex has been conserved from yeast to humans in both structure and activity: the Set1/Ash2 HMT. The results presented here show that this Set1/Ash2 HMT complex, in mutually exclusive interactions, can associate with HCF-1 bound to the repressive Sin3 HDAC or the transcriptional activator VP16, indicating a diversity of transcriptional regulatory roles." SIGNOR-264481 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 10116 BTO:0000142 10226025 t lperfetto "Protein kinase B (PKB) is activated by phosphorylation of Thr308 and of Ser473. Thr308 is phosphorylated by the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) but the identity of the kinase that phosphorylates Ser473 (provisionally termed PDK2) is unknown." SIGNOR-244421 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000542 17612537 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Catechol O-methyltransferase expression in granulosa cells was up-regulated by insulin, DHT, and ATRA." SIGNOR-251961 "2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropyl]amino]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:91634 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258805 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0004102 22262897 t "inferred from family member" Luana "Bicuculline treatment also leads to an increase in the levels of the transcriptional repressor MeCP2, which binds to the GluR2 promoter along with the corepressors HDAC1 and mSin3A." SIGNOR-270237 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG1-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C511 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270912 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser122 RIQEQESsGEEDSDL 9606 9405437 t gcesareni "Recombinant inh2 was phosphorylated by kinases in cytosols prepared from g1 and s phase cells. The amount of inh2 kinase attributed to casein kinase 2, based on inhibition by heparin, increased 2.6-fold from g1 to s phase" SIGNOR-53861 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser161 QKATPGSsRKTCRYI 9606 BTO:0000567 15525512 t llicata "Bub1 directly phosphorylates Cdc20 in vitro and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C(Cdc20) catalytically. A Cdc20 mutant with all six Bub1 phosphorylation sites removed is refractory to Bub1-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition in vitro. " SIGNOR-250605 NDC1 protein Q9BTX1 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262073 ASH1L protein Q9NR48 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" trimethylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP -1 21239497 t Gianni "We show that human ASH1L specifically methylates histone H3 Lys-36. Our data implicate that there may be a regulatory mechanism of ASH1L histone methyltransferases" SIGNOR-269055 MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256930 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 "BTO:0004784; BTO:0000567" 11247302 t Giorgia "Dab2 is alternatively spliced and its localization depends on a region of the protein that contains two DPF motifs that are present in the p96 Dab2 protein and absent in the p67 splice variant. This region is sufficient to confer Dab2 binding to the alpha‐adaptin subunit of the clathrin adaptor protein, AP‐2.|These findings suggest that in addition to previously reported signal-transduction functions, Dab2 could also act as an adaptor protein that may regulate protein trafficking." SIGNOR-260391 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 GGRERLAsTNDKGSM 9606 BTO:0000150 7838153 t gcesareni "Serine 167 is the major phosphorylation site on the human estrogen receptor. Phosphorylation is mediated by casein kinase ii." SIGNOR-34113 POLG protein P54098 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase gamma" complex SIGNOR-C378 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 19837034 t lperfetto "Here, we report a crystal structure of human DNA Pol gamma holoenzyme. The holoenzyme is a heterotrimer containing one Pol gammaA subunit and a dimeric Pol gammaB subunit." SIGNOR-265719 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10090 16885213 t lperfetto "Gli2 and Gli3 (in vertebrates) are phosphorylated by protein kinase A and glycogen synthase kinase-3_ and are proteolytically processed" SIGNOR-148475 BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 22431919 f miannu "In MCF-7 cells, we identified a positive feedback loop where p130(Cas) positively regulates EGR1 and NAB2, which in turn induce p130(Cas) expression." SIGNOR-253891 PCSK1 protein P29120 UNIPROT IAPP protein P10997 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Lys72 VGSNTYGkRNAVEVL -1 10931181 t lperfetto "The processing of proinsulin to insulin occurs in the secretory granules at the C-terminal end of pairs of basic amino acids, Arg31-Arg32 and Lys64-Arg65 [9,10]. Following cleavage, by the prohormone convertases, PC3 (also known as PC1) and PC2, the pair of basic amino acids are removed rapidly by carboxypeptidase E (CPE) to produce the mature insulin molecule" SIGNOR-261782 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser274 LAPNPSFsPTPGFTP -1 11606045 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of murine CD120a by p42(mapk/erk2) has been shown to inhibit its ability to initiate apoptosis while preserving signaling events such as NF-kappaB activation.|Additionally, we demonstrated that (i) the p42(mapk/erk2)-dependent phosphorylation of CD120a and DR3 occurred on Ser and Thr residues, (ii) p42(mapk/erk2) phosphorylated residues located in the membrane proximal regions but not the death domains of CD120a and DR3, (iii) Ser 253 is a preferred site of phosphorylation on CD120a" SIGNOR-249452 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM7A protein Q6ZMT4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271587 PTPRH protein Q9HD43 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10029 BTO:0000246 12907755 t "Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play key roles in switching off tyrosine phosphorylation cascades, such as initiated by cytokine receptors. We have used substrate-trapping mutants of a large set of PTPs to identify members of the PTP family that have substrate specificity for the phosphorylated human GH receptor (GHR) intracellular domain. Among 31 PTPs tested, T cell (TC)-PTP, PTP-beta, PTP1B, stomach cancer-associated PTP 1 (SAP-1), Pyst-2, Meg-2, and PTP-H1 showed specificity for phosphorylated GHR" SIGNOR-248802 KLHL21 protein Q9UJP4 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19995937 t miannu "KLHL21 directly binds to Aurora B and mediates ubiquitination of Aurora B in vitro. In contrast to KLHL9 and KLHL13, KLHL21 localizes to midzone microtubules in anaphase and recruits Aurora B and Cul3 to this region. Together, our results suggest that different Cul3 adaptors nonredundantly regulate Aurora B during mitosis, possibly by ubiquitinating different pools of Aurora B at distinct subcellular localizations." SIGNOR-271848 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT HMGN2 protein P05204 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser25 KDEPQRRsARLSAKP 9606 BTO:0000567 11438671 t lperfetto "We report here that the NBD of the HMGN1 and -N2 protein family is highly and specifically phosphorylated during mitosis and that this phosphorylation has a major functional consequence: it abolishes the interaction of the proteins with its chromatin targets." SIGNOR-249102 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT KIF4A protein O95239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr799 PPKLRRRtFSLTEVR -1 31881080 t miannu "We show that Aurora A phosphorylates the condensin I-dependent pool of KIF4A and thus actively promotes chromosome congression from the spindle poles to the metaphase plate. In vitro kinase assays showed that recombinant KIF4A can be phosphorylated by Aurora A and that this activity is inhibited by the specific Aurora A inhibitor MLN8537 (Fig. 7 C)." SIGNOR-265993 EEF1D protein P29692 UNIPROT "EEF1B complex" complex SIGNOR-C460 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "An inactive eEF1A-GDP moiety leaves the ribosome and must be recycled to eEF1A-GTP before binding another aa-tRNA. This GTP exchange process is the function of the nucleotide exchange factor eEF1B complex, which exchanges GDP for GTP to regenerate active eEF1A. The requirement for a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, the eEF1B complex, which in metazoans is composed of the subunits α, δ, and γ (also called eEF1B, eEF1D, and eEF1G, respectively)" SIGNOR-269392 HAND2 protein P61296 UNIPROT HAND2 protein P61296 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11812799 t miannu "The basic helix-loop-helix factor, HAND2, functions as a transcriptional activator by binding to E-boxes as a heterodimer" SIGNOR-223476 3-(9-Fluoro-2-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indol-7-yl)-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione chemical CID:10029385 PUBCHEM GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000183 31562256 t miannu "Indeed, we demonstrated that the selective GSK3 inhibitor LY2090314 significantly reduced cell proliferation in control pancreatic cancer cell lines" SIGNOR-262539 PLCE1 protein Q9P212 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 11022047 t gcesareni "The presence of a rasgef motif in the n terminus of plcepsilon suggests that plcepsilon can activate ras by acting as an exchange factor by promoting the exchange of gtp for bound gdp." SIGNOR-82859 MRPL13 protein Q9BYD1 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262380 levomilnacipran chemical CHEBI:136040 ChEBI SLC6A3 protein Q01959 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 18468895 t Luana "Studies on a series of milnacipran analogs containing a heteroaromatic group as potent norepinephrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors" SIGNOR-257944 PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr397 RVIEDNEyTAREGAK 10116 15537644 t "We found that PTPα and SHP-1 both dephosphorylate Lyn exclusively at Tyr-397|Lyn expressed in CHO cells has a substantially higher specific activity than Lyn in RBL cells because of high levels of phosphorylation at its active site Tyr-397 (Fig. 1). Enhanced Lyn kinase activity in the CHO cells leads to spontaneous phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins, including FcϵRI" SIGNOR-248436 selumetinib chemical CHEBI:90227 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck lperfetto SIGNOR-244823 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20565746 t miannu "These data support the proposed regulatory impact of particular PRC2-proteins in expression of HOXA9 and HOXA10 in NK/T-cells. In mammalian cells knockdown of PRC2 components EZH2 or PHF1 led to upregulated HOXA gene expression." SIGNOR-260068 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp349 RVASTMTdGANTMIE 9534 BTO:0004055 11517310 t lperfetto "In response to apoptotic stimuli, caspase cleavage of mst1 occurs at asp-326 and asp-349, resulting in the separation of its n-terminal kinase domain from the nes-containing c-terminal domain. Thus, caspase cleavage of mst1 serves two purposes: one is activation of mst1 kinase activity and the other is translocation of mst1 into the nucleus." SIGNOR-109878 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates BTO:0001103 12361602 f apalma "Taken together, these results show that Notch-1 activity promotes myogenic cell proliferation and that attenuation of Notch-1 activity by its antagonist Numb causes cells to exit from the cell cycle, express MRFs, and undergo myogenic differentiation." SIGNOR-255376 CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "BCR consists of a pair of identical immunoglob- ulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains. though membrane BCR per se is not able to transduce downstream signaling, it does so by making BCR complex with CD79. The extracellular portion of the BCR is non-covalently coupled to a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the CD79A and CD79B. This association allows expression of BCR on the plasma membrane and BCR internalization after antigen recognition." SIGNOR-268200 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL -1 SIGNOR-C3 10567431 t lperfetto "We report here that a mammalian recombinant p70alpha polypeptide, extracted in an inactive form from rapamycin-treated cells, can be directly phosphorylated by the mTOR kinase in vitro predominantly at the rapamycin-sensitive site Thr-412. mTOR-catalyzed p70alpha phosphorylation in vitro is accompanied by a substantial restoration in p70alpha kinase activity toward its physiologic substrate" SIGNOR-72357 IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23332504 f fspada "Specifically, il-17 suppresses klf15, a pro-adipogenic tf, and enhances expression of klf2 and klf3, which are anti-adipogenic." SIGNOR-192477 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AP2B1 protein P63010 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr737 THRQGHIyMEMNFTN 9606 18938240 t gcesareni "The phosphorylation of beta2-adaptin on tyrosine residue 737 (y737) negatively regulates its interaction with betaarrestin." SIGNOR-181743 RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15454084 t gcesareni "Ryk also binds to dishevelled, through which it activates the canonical wnt, providing a link between wnt and dishevelled." SIGNOR-129571 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262254 ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257192 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT SLA protein Q13239 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr258 KKSISLMyGGSKRKS 9534 BTO:0001538 24284075 t miannu "Oncogenic c-Kit-D816V phosphorylates SLAP on residues Y120, Y258 and Y273. Mutation of the SLAP tyrosine phosphorylation sites rescues its activity" SIGNOR-263141 E2F4 protein Q16254 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12110166 f fspada "We show here that e2f1 induces ppar gamma transcription during clonal expansion, whereas e2f4 represses pparg amma expression during terminal adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-90507 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT TCAP protein O15273 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser157 GALRRSLsRSMSQEA 9606 32937135 t lperfetto "GSK-3beta phosphorylates FBXL21 and TCAP to activate FBXL21-mediated, phosphodegron-dependent TCAP degradation.|These results show direct GSK-3beta phosphorylation of TCAP S157 and FBXL21 T33 sites." SIGNOR-264852 PRRX1 protein P54821 UNIPROT MAFF protein Q9ULX9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221890 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000938 15231831 t lperfetto "Casp3 cleaves bad at asp-61. In addition, caspases convert bad(l) into a pro-death fragment that resembles the short splice variant." SIGNOR-126727 TAF1 protein P21675 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser321 LNSEDDVsDEEGQEL 9606 11278496 t llicata "Taf(ii) 250 phosphorylates human transcription factor iia on serine residues important for tbp binding and transcription activity." SIGNOR-105745 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21776416 t gcesareni "Basal inactivation of rassf1a is achieved by rassf1a self association and via 14-3-3 interactions (to isoforms s and e) at serine 175/178/179 of rassf1a." SIGNOR-175121 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT ACVR2A protein P27037 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9748228 t fspada "We show that bmp7 and activin bind to the same type ii receptors, actrii and iib, but recruit distinct type i receptors into heteromeric receptor complexes" SIGNOR-60237 NR2F2 protein P24468 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10900149 t lperfetto "Arp-1/rxr, coup-tfi/rxr, and arp-1/coup-tfi heterodimers bound the fp330-3' site" SIGNOR-79446 BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT ENAH protein Q8N8S7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000452 11696321 t miannu "We conclude that the interaction of Cdc42 with the partial CRIB motif of IRSp53 relieves an intramolecular, autoinhibitory interaction with the N terminus, allowing the recruitment of Mena to the IRSp53 SH3 domain. This IRSp53:Mena complex initiates actin filament assembly into filopodia." SIGNOR-268423 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9732876 t lperfetto "Smad3 and smad4 also act together with c-jun and c-fos to activate transcription in response to tgf-beta, through a tgf-beta-inducible association of c-jun with smad3 and an interaction of smad3 and c-fos" SIGNOR-253332 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 11971957 t lperfetto "Mutation of serine 259 increased the basal raf-1 activity and rendered it largely resistant to inhibition by pka." SIGNOR-216523 "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 26083061 t lperfetto "Respiratory chain complexes I–III depend on Fe-S clusters for function" SIGNOR-262137 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1062 TWIENKLyGMSDPNW 9606 14711813 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr806, tyr809, tyr900, tyr905, tyr981, tyr1062, tyr1090, and tyr1096 were autophosphorylation sitesret short and middle isoforms contain 16 tyrosine residues in their intracellular domains, and ret long isoforms have two additional tyrosines in the c-terminal tail. Among these tyrosines, tyr905, tyr1015, tyr1062, and tyr1096 are thought to be phosphorylated to become binding sites for grb7/grb10, phospholipase c_, shc/snt(frs2)/enigma, and grb2, respectively." SIGNOR-121141 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr350 RRSSLKAyGNGYSSN 10029 BTO:0000246 8557631 t "Insulin (10 nM)-stimulated rIR-catalyzed phosphorylation of β2-adrenergic receptor peptides was found prominently in peptides L339 (Tyr350 and Tyr354), T362 (Tyr364), and to a lesser extent peptides Y132 (Tyr132 and Tyr141), and I135 (Tyr141). G-protein-linked receptors and intrinsic tyrosine-kinase growth receptors represent two prominent modalities in cell signaling. Cross-regulation among members of both receptor superfamilies has been reported, including the counter-regulatory effects of insulin on β-adrenergic catecholamine action. Cells stimulated by insulin show loss of function and increased phosphotyrosine content of β2-adrenergic receptors." SIGNOR-251301 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21633182 t miannu "Interestingly, SIRT1 suppresses PPARγ but activates PGC-1α , and thus affects the clock network through multiple mechanisms." SIGNOR-268032 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT ANPEP protein P15144 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Upregulation of PTGS2, ANPEP, KDR, UGT8, INHBA, ERMAP, RALGPS1 and SPON1 was confirmed." SIGNOR-261663 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT FZD7 protein O75084 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 23290138 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Wnt7a-Fzd7 signaling stimulates symmetric stem cell divisions" SIGNOR-255646 CSF2 protein P04141 UNIPROT CSF3R protein Q99062 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130 16492764 t gcesareni "A g-csfr expression plasmid was introduced into interleukin-3 (il-3)-dependent mouse myeloid precursor fdc-p1 cells that normally do not respond to g-csf. G-csf stimulated proliferation of the transformants. These results suggested that the g-csfr, but not the il-3/gm-csf receptors, transduced the neutrophilic differentiation signal into cells" SIGNOR-144740 FABP6 protein P51161 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264460 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC5 protein P58876 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271985 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser536 SGDEDFSsIADMDFS 9606 BTO:0000876 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C13 15611276 t lperfetto "Our data suggest that the stimulation of nfkb by akt is dependent on the phosphorylation of p65 at s534, mediated by ikk (ikb kinase) alfa and beta." SIGNOR-132568 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 15475516 t gcesareni "The response to endothelin-1 (et-1) consisted of two phases in both cell types. The initial, transient phase of contraction and phosphorylation of 20-kda myosin light chain (mlc20) was mediated additively by eta and etb receptors and initiated by galphaq-, ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation of mlc kinase." SIGNOR-129817 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr753 YACASPKtPIQAGGY 9606 16508002 t gcesareni "Erk-induced phosphorylation of b-raf on t753 promoted the disassembly of raf heterodimers, and the mutation of t753 prolonged growth factor-induced heterodimerization. The b-raf t753a mutant enhanced differentiation of pc12 cells, which was previously shown to be dependent on sustained erk signaling. Site is critical for v-src dependent modulation of slk kinase activity." SIGNOR-144827 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT FABP4 protein P15090 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000975 8943212 f fspada "We report that insulin and a ppargamma ligand (thiazolidinedione (tzd)) stimulate in a synergistic manner the expression of an adipocyte-specific gene (ap2) in rat adipocytes and 3t3-l1 cells" SIGNOR-45294 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MASTL protein Q96GX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr207 PRQDYSRtPGQVLSL 8355 22354989 t gcesareni "We propose a model in which the initiating event for Gwl activation is phosphorylation by MPF of the proline-directed sites T193 and T206 in the presumptive activation loop" SIGNOR-249653 "Ionizing radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST16 SIGNOR ELE1-RET "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP10 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23128507 f miannu "In PTC, genomic rearrangements juxtapose the RET tyrosine kinase domain to unrelated genes, thereby creating dominantly transforming oncogenes, denominated RET/PTC. The RET/PTC rearrangements are the 2nd most common genetic alteration described in PTC and observed in ∼13–43% of cases, mostly in pediatric cancers or in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents" SIGNOR-251984 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 15044620 f miannu "C/EBPbeta activates the endogenous MDR1 gene of MCF-7 cells, and this activation was associated with a novel C/EBPbeta interaction region within the proximal MDR1 promoter (-128 to -75)." SIGNOR-253771 CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_exit phenotype SIGNOR-PH41 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 21898542 f gcesareni "Our findings suggest that cyclin D3 primes myoblasts for differentiation by enhancing muscle specific gene expression and cell cycle exit" SIGNOR-241960 PTK7 protein Q13308 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Ptk7 has been strongly implicated in pcp and, like many pcp activators, is a negative regulator of beta-catenin-dependent wnt." SIGNOR-199536 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser399 DNITLPPsQPSPTGG 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252880 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 9606 8846788 t gcesareni "However, both of these stimuli strongly activate two other mapks, jnk1 and jnk2, and stimulate elk-1 transcriptional activity and phosphorylation jnk phosphorylation sites include ser383 and ser389, the major residues whose phosphorylation is responsible for enhancement of elk-1 trascriptional activity." SIGNOR-44356 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser236 AKRRRLSsLRASTSK -1 1985906 t miannu "The synthetic peptide AKRRRLSSLRASTSKSESSQK (S6-21) which corresponds to the carboxyl-terminal 21 amino acids of human ribosomal protein S6 was synthesized and tested as a substrate for S6/H4 kinase purified from human placenta. The principal phosphorylation sites were serines in the acidic carboxyl-terminal domain of the peptide." SIGNOR-250232 KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "CoREST-HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C105 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11171972 t miannu "Here we describe the components of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that we term the CoREST-HDAC complex. CoREST Is a Component of an HDAC1/2 Complex. p40 is a Sox-like protein, p110b contains homology to polyamine oxidases, p110a is ZNF217, an eight-zinc finger protein, and p80 is a hypothetical protein of unknown function." SIGNOR-222121 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser483 KRSRAIHsSDEGEDQ 9606 12769847 t llicata "We identify two phosphorylation sites in the VCA domain of WASP at serines 483 and 484. S483 and S484 are substrates for casein kinase 2 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of these residues increases the affinity of the VCA domain for the Arp2/3 complex 7-fold and is required for efficient in vitro actin polymerization by the full-length WASP molecule. " SIGNOR-251048 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC14 protein Q99878 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265404 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 QQQQQETsPRQQQQQ 9606 BTO:0001130 21799006 t gcesareni "Cdk5 enables phosphorylation of ar at ser-81 site through direct biochemical interaction and, therefore, results in the stabilization of ar proteins" SIGNOR-175696 APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT HDL_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH61 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23077142 f miannu "Cholesterol efflux is the first step in the formation of HDL, which is initiated through the action of ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I that produces nascent HDL (nHDL)." SIGNOR-252110 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr183 RQADSEMtGYVVTRW 9606 15870257 t gcesareni "Ppm1d selectively inhibits p38 activation by dephosphorylating thr 180." SIGNOR-135976 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT IL2RA protein P01589 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr271 RQRKSRRtI 9606 BTO:0000782 2303462 t lperfetto "The interleukin-2 (il-2) receptor, the leukocyte-specific membrane glycoprotein, t200, and the class i major histocompatibility antigens (hla) have been identified as substrates for protein kinase c from these studies, it was concluded that ser-247 is the major site of phosphorylation in the il-2 receptor and that thr-250 is a minor site." SIGNOR-22988 LPAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF2 SIGNOR GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12393875 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "We conclude that lpa(1) receptors couple to a g(i)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-tiam1 pathway to activate rac." SIGNOR-269964 ERRFI1 protein Q9UJM3 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0001867 20421427 t "We report here an additional mechanism of EGFR suppression mediated by RALT, demonstrating that RALT-bound EGF receptors undergo endocytosis and eventual degradation into lysosomes" SIGNOR-252073 APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9390557 t lperfetto "Caspase-9 and Apaf-1 bind to each other via their respective NH2-terminal CED-3 homologous domains in the presence of cytochrome c and dATP, an event that leads to caspase-9 activation." SIGNOR-53576 MTR protein Q99707 UNIPROT homocysteine smallmolecule CHEBI:17230 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10520212 t lperfetto "Methionine synthase is a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme that catalyses the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Therefore, defects in this enzyme may result in elevated homocysteine levels." SIGNOR-253142 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257612 KEAP1 protein Q14145 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 31257023 t "Keap1 is a substrate receptor of a Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) that, in physiological conditions, constitutively binds and targets Nrf2 for degradation" SIGNOR-259335 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser952 DSRSHQNsPTELNKD 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104691 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR GSTP1 protein P09211 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000675 31024008 t miannu "Here, we show that loss of FBX8 accelerates chemical-induced colon tumorigenesis. FBX8 directly targets GSTP1 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation in CRC." SIGNOR-272306 GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18721822 t miannu "The glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyR), a member of the pentameric Cys-loop ion channel receptor family, mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord, brainstem and retina." SIGNOR-264984 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT C9orf78 protein Q9NZ63 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272674 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ODF2 protein Q5BJF6 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272683 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT UBXN6 protein Q9BZV1 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272702 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT LAX1 protein Q8IWV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr193 SSEDSHDyVNVPTAE 9606 BTO:0000007 12359715 t miannu "Upon stimulation via the B or T cell receptors, LAX is rapidly phosphorylated by Src and Syk family tyrosine kinases and interacts with Grb2, Gads, and p85. " SIGNOR-273532 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Macrophage_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH99 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24890514 f apalma "The Erk1/2 pathway has a central role in CSF-1R-regulated myeloid differentiation. CSF-1 induces early (peaking at ‚àº5 min) and persistent (starting at 1 h) waves of MEK/Erk1/2 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-255573 rivaroxaban chemical CHEBI:68579 ChEBI F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206550 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000812 18719363 f miannu "MTA1 overexpression resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin and MTA3 expression and enhanced expression of the transcriptional repressors SNAIL and SLUG." SIGNOR-254594 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr319 TSVYESPySDPEELK 10318843 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide encompassing the motif harboring tyr319, ysdp, interacted with lcksh2;tyr319-mediated binding of the sh2 domain of lck is crucial for zap-70 activation and consequently for the propagation of the signaling cascade leading to t-cell activation" SIGNOR-67443 CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 12110186 t "We present strong evidence that ligand engagement of TCR-CD3 induces a conformational change that exposes a proline-rich sequence in CD3ϵ and results in recruitment of the adaptor protein Nck." SIGNOR-259935 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser363 ALLQSSAsRKTQKKK 9606 BTO:0004737 11325528 t lperfetto "We found that Ebp1 was basally phosphorylated in AU565 breast cancer cells on serine/threonine residues and that this phosphorylation was enhanced by heregulin treatment. Both serine and threonine residues of a GST-Ebp1 fusion protein were phosphorylated by PKC in vitro. In vivo, we demonstrated that basal Ebp1 phosphorylation was dependent upon PKC." SIGNOR-249090 α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23680095 t miannu "Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic non-oxidative reaction for glucose degradation that is composed of 9 pro cesses. A non-specific HK enzyme by using ATP phosphorylates glucose following entrance to the cell and converts it to G6P." SIGNOR-267959 TGFb proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF5 SIGNOR TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22326956 t miannu "TGF-beta signaling mediates a wide range of biological activities in development and disease. TGF-beta ligands signal through heterodimeric type I and type II receptors (TGF-beta receptor type I [TbetaRI, also known as ALK5 and TGFBR1] and TbetaRII) that are members of the serine/threonine kinase family." SIGNOR-256178 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ITGA4 protein P13612 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1021 QEENRRDsWSYINSK 9606 BTO:0000782 11533025 t lperfetto "PKA phosphorylationin vitro blocks the binding of the alpha4 tail to paxillin. A mutation that mimics alpha4 phosphorylation disrupts paxillin binding and promotes cell spreading" SIGNOR-110119 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 11160134 f lperfetto "Ly294002 or wortmannin were used to determine whether pi 3-kinasedependent pathways mediate ser307 phosphorylation during insulin/igf-1 or TNF-alpha Stimulation. As expected, the pi-3 kinase inhibitors ly294002 or wortmannin inhibited activation of pkb/akt in insulin or igf-1 stimulated 3t3-l1 preadipocytes, but were without effect on erk1/2. these results suggest that elements of the pi 3-kinase cascade mediate insulin/igf-1stimulated phosphorylation of ser307" SIGNOR-252717 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT GAD1 protein Q99259 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19029285 f miannu "induction of the reelin and GAD67 mRNAs is accompanied by the dissociation of repressor complexes containing all three DNMTs, MeCP2, and HDAC1 from the corresponding promoters and by increased local histone acetylation." SIGNOR-254576 FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260092 PTPRE protein P23469 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 12754301 t llicata "The effect of PTP epsilon on ERKs is at least in part indirect because phosphorylation of the threonine residue in the ERK activation loop is reduced in the presence of PTP epsilon. Nonetheless, PTP epsilon is present in a molecular complex with ERK, providing PTP epsilon with opportunity to act on ERK proteins also directly. We conclude that PTP epsilon is a physiological inhibitor of ERK signaling|These enzymes are joined by the large family of dual-specificity phosphatases, which are structurally similar to tyrosine phosphatases but which can dephosphorylate both residues of the activation loop" SIGNOR-248448 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "carbamoyl phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58228 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15096496 t "CPSase catalyzes the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine, bicarbonate, and two ATP molecules" SIGNOR-267191 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT PLAGL2 protein Q9UPG8 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 16207715 t miannu "Plag1 and plagl2 are also regulated by acetylation. They are acetylated and activated by p300 and deacetylated and repressed by hdac7." SIGNOR-140947 RPSA protein P08865 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262414 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1864 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269358 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HLA-C protein P10321 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 8206526 f miannu "In melanoma, HLA class I expression is suppressed by overexpression of the c-myc oncogene." SIGNOR-254602 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr119 LSRRLKVtGDLFDIM 9606 BTO:0000007 19180116 t gcesareni "The activated form of DAPK triggers autophagy in a beclin-1-dependent manner. DAPK phosphorylates beclin 1 on Thr 119 located at a crucial position within its BH3 domain, and thus promotes the dissociation of beclin 1 from Bcl-XL and the induction of autophagy." SIGNOR-183548 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11154266 f lperfetto "These results indicate that functional interactions between the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in activating specific gene transcription are probably more complex than has been previously appreciated." SIGNOR-85987 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser166 SSRRRAIsETEENSD 9606 15001356 t gcesareni "Zip kinase was able to phosphorylate mdm2 at ser166, a site previously reported to be modified by akt kinase, thus demonstrating that zip kinase is a bona fide mdm2-binding protein." SIGNOR-123159 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 28137827 t miannu "Binding of S100A9 to TLR4 stimulates the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, which leads to the activation of c-Jun, CREB, and NF-κB. Activation of neutrophils by S100A9 also proceeds via p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-261928 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC3 protein P33778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSIYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271983 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 16885213 f lperfetto "Binding of Hh to Ptch relieves the repression of Smo, allowing Smo to signal." SIGNOR-148481 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr536 QKGQESEyGNITYPP 9606 14699166 t llicata "Recombinant shp-1 had elevated activity subsequent to phosphorylation by src in vitro, and shp-1 variants with mutated phosphorylation sites in the c terminus, shp-1 y538f, and shp-1 y538f,y566f were less active toward src-generated phosphoproteins in intact cells." SIGNOR-120488 FST protein P19883 UNIPROT INHBA protein P08476 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 22037168 t gcesareni "Blocking activin action by pre-treatment with its binding protein, follistatin, modifies the inflammatory cytokine cascade, and reduces the severity of the subsequent inflammatory response and mortality" SIGNOR-235134 terbutaline chemical CHEBI:9449 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257872 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 9606 12138178 t "Upon interferon (IFN) stimulation, Stat1 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and translocates into the nucleus, where it binds to DNA to activate transcription. The activity of Stat1 is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation, and its inactivation in the nucleus is accomplished by a previously unknown protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). We have now purified a Stat1 PTP activity from HeLa cell nuclear extract and identified it as TC45, the nuclear isoform of the T-cell PTP (TC-PTP)." SIGNOR-248402 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26687681 t miannu "Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin Ligase Governs the Turnover of ULK1 and VPS34 Complexes to Control Autophagy Termination. KLHL20 promotes ubiquitination of phagophore-residing VPS34 and Beclin-1" SIGNOR-272417 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 BTO:0001321 15659650 t lperfetto "CHK1 and CHK2 phosphorylate the p53 N terminus at Ser15, Thr18, Ser20, and Ser37" SIGNOR-217791 CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Thus, it has been shown that calpain cleaves the inhibitory domain of GSK3 generating two fragments of 40 and 30 kDa. This cleavage enhanced activity of the kinase" SIGNOR-251585 SPAG9 protein O60271 UNIPROT MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000222 17074887 t "p38 MAPK is activated by phosphorylation in response to CDO-BOC interactions. Activated p38 MAPK may translocate into the nucleus to further activate myogenic related transcription factors." gcesareni "Cdo, jlp, and p38alpha/beta form complexes in differentiating myoblasts, and cdo and jlp cooperate to enhance levels of active p38alpha/beta in transfectants." SIGNOR-150147 SRCAP protein Q6ZRS2 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003160 20432434 f miannu "ShRNA mediated knockdown of SRCAP resulted in decreased H2A.Z binding at the enhancer region of the PSA promoter and decreased expression of PSA in prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-255220 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr413 TAPESLAyNKFSIKS -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254691 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "Cbp/p300 and pcaf are coactivators for myod and mef-2c during myogenic commitment and differentiation" SIGNOR-83840 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258018 HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256886 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-148595 MK-8245 chemical CID:24988881 PUBCHEM SCD protein O00767 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194420 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 GILARRPsYRKILKD 9606 12414794 t lperfetto "We find that activation of the c-jun promoter through the atf1 site requires phosphorylation of atf1 at serine 63. atf1 can be phosphorylated by mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (msk1), which is activated by egf and erk1/2." SIGNOR-95318 3-[4-[4-[2-[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl]-1-ethyl-3-pyrazolyl]phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea chemical CHEBI:91362 ChEBI AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001109;BTO:0000018 19567821 t miannu "The protein kinases, Aurora A, B, and C have critical roles in the regulation of mitosis and are frequently overexpressed or amplified in human tumors. GSK1070916, is a novel ATP competitive inhibitor that is highly potent and selective for Aurora B/C kinases." SIGNOR-262226 1-methyl-5-[[2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-benzimidazolamine chemical CHEBI:91451 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258097 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT KRT1 protein P04264 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16258965 f Regulation miannu "TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 induce loss of epithelial morphology, cytokeratin, and membrane-associated Zonula Occludens-1 and increase the smooth muscle markers calponin and caldesmon" SIGNOR-251884 NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser257 TLVNRKVsQRRVDFC -1 15273717 t miannu "ARK5 negatively regulates procaspase-6 by phosphorylation at Ser257, leading to resistance to the FasL/Fas system." SIGNOR-250209 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19127412 f miannu "Overexpression of foxa1 promoted apoptosis" SIGNOR-183153 4-[6-[4-(1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-3-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl]quinoline chemical CHEBI:91387 ChEBI ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193639 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ZNF322 protein Q6U7Q0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser391 SEKGLELsPPHASEA 9606 BTO:0002552 28581525 t lperfetto "CK1delta and GSK3beta kinases sequentially phosphorylate ZNF322A at serine-396 and then serine-391. Moreover, the doubly phosphorylated ZNF322A protein creates a destruction motif for the ubiquitin ligase FBXW7alpha leading to ZNF322A protein destruction." SIGNOR-264891 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 10090 12773393 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "The results presented here show that MSK2 and, to a lesser extent, MSK1 are the major protein kinases required for the phosphorylation of histone H3 at both Ser10 and Ser28" SIGNOR-249213 S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT "Calprotectin complex" complex SIGNOR-C293 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9867828 t "Using the two-hybrid system we analyzed the dimerization of MRP8 (S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9), two S100 proteins expressed in myeloid cells. It is reported that the MRP8-MRP14 heteromer is the clearly preferred complex in both man and mouse." SIGNOR-262828 MBL2 protein P11226 UNIPROT MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9087411 t lperfetto "The results (Fig. 3A) show that the anti-MBL antibody, in addition to binding MBL captures both MASP-1 and MASP-2|Our results emphasize the similarity between complement activation through the MBL, or 'MBLectin' pathway of the innate immune system and the classical pathway of complement activation (Fig. 5)." SIGNOR-263415 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe41 DRVYIHPfHLVIHNE -1 11747312 t miannu "Cathepsin G, elastase, and proteinase 3 are serine proteinases released by activated neutrophils. Cathepsin G can cleave angiotensinogen to release angiotensin II, but this activity has not been previously reported for elastase or proteinase 3. In this study we show that elastase and proteinase 3 can release angiotensin I from angiotensinogen and release angiotensin II from angiotensin I and angiotensinogen." SIGNOR-256313 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002882 9305869 t "Janus kinase-dependent activation of insulin receptor substrate 1" SIGNOR-251343 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093;BTO:0000815 8895512 f miannu "Our results suggest that PEA3 specifically transactivates vimentin promoter through PEA3 site. Among members of the ETS transcription factor family only Erg showed ability to transactivate vimentin promoter besides PEA3." SIGNOR-254069 Viral_replication stimulus SIGNOR-ST23 SIGNOR Viral_dsRNA stimulus SIGNOR-ST21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31226023 f miannu "Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a common intermediate during the replication of DNA and RNA viruses." SIGNOR-260587 PDHX protein O00330 UNIPROT PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20160912 t miannu "The human (h) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (hPDC) consists of multiple copies of several components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), E3-binding protein (BP), and specific kinases and phosphatases. Mammalian PDC has a well organized structure with an icosahedral symmetry of the central E2/BP core to which the other component proteins bind non-covalently." SIGNOR-266543 TIGIT protein Q495A1 UNIPROT ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000914 24817116 t lperfetto "With TIGIT/PVR engagement, cytoplasmic TIGIT was phosphorylated at Tyr-225 and Tyr-231 residues. Phosphorylated Tyr-225 recruits adaptor protein beta arrestin 2|TIGIT/PVR signaling mediates suppression of IFN- gamma production via the NF-kappaB pathway. We identified a new adaptor β-arrestin 2 that associates with phosphorylated TIGIT and mediates recruitment of inositol phosphatase SHIP1 through the ITT-like motif (Fig. 7). Finally, SHIP1 impairs TRAF6 autoubiquitination to abolish NF-kappaB activation, leading to inhibition of IFN- gamma production in NK cells." SIGNOR-261482 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 22169964 f miannu "17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. . In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. In the present study, by means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253471 TRIM24 protein O15164 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130 19909775 t miannu "We found that trim24/transcriptional intermediary factor 1alpha (tif1alpha), which is known as a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor co-regulator, interacts with ar and enhances transcriptional activity of ar" SIGNOR-189113 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "In addition to E2 enzymes, APC/C activity is also strictly dependent on one of several co-activator proteins that associate with APC/C during specific periods of the cell cycle. The best studied of these are Cdc20 and Cdh1" SIGNOR-252015 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr248 GSETPGAtPGSKIWD 9606 12105215 t lperfetto "To map the set of phosphorylation sites in sap155-(223-322) that determine its interaction with nipp1, we have identified phosphorylation sites of cyclin e-cdk2 by the sequencing of proteolytically derived phosphopeptides. Three phosphorylation sites were identified as thr244, thr248, and thr313" SIGNOR-216666 PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT PKN2 protein Q16513 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr816 GYGDRTStFCGTPEF 9606 BTO:0000007 10753910 t miannu "PDK1 phosphorylates the PRKs at their conserved activation loop threonines (Thr-774 and Thr-816 for PRK1 and PRK2, respectively) both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-250265 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 8626561 t "The binding of Lck to the tyrosine-phosphorylated zeta chain of the TcR would serve to strengthen the interaction of the associated CD4 and the TcR complex, leading to increased avidity for the antigen-major histocompatibility protein complex" SIGNOR-252305 ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256758 diazepam chemical CHEBI:49575 ChEBI "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The traditional BZ site agonists (GABA-enhancing CNS depressants such as diazepam) are active on the GABAA-Rs containing a gamma2 subunit (Pritchett et al., 1989), a beta subunit, and one of the alpha subunits, alpha1, 2, 3, or 5." SIGNOR-263799 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C129 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241385 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT PPP1R12C protein Q9BZL4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser452 AGLQRSAsSSWLEGT 9606 SIGNOR-C15 22137581 t lperfetto "Ampk-induced phosphorylation is necessary for ppp1r12c interaction with 14-3-3 and phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain. Both ampk activity and ppp1r12c phosphorylation are increased in mitotic cells and are important for mitosis completion. The interaction between ppp1r12c and 14-3-3_ may inactivate the ppp1r12c-containing phosphatase complex in vivo." SIGNOR-195148 trametinib chemical CHEBI:75998 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26347206 t miannu "Trametinib (Mekinist™) is a reversible and highly selective allosteric inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 with anticancer activity against metastatic melanoma carrying the BRAF V600 mutation." SIGNOR-259448 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR hsa-mir-223 mirna URS000037EC34_9606 RNAcentral "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25477897 t miannu "The three miR-29 family members in mouse bone marrow cells reduced the level of TET2 as well as its metabolic by-product, 5hmC" SIGNOR-255797 P2RY14 protein Q15391 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256866 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser211 PGKETNEsPWRSDLL 9606 BTO:0000093 19586900 t "Estrogen inhibits glucocorticoid action via protein phosphatase 5 (PP5)-mediated glucocorticoid receptor dephosphorylation.|Inhibition of GR phosphorylation at Ser-211 is associated with decreased nuclear retention of GR and decreased gene transcription." SIGNOR-248538 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 15809340 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated by cdk6 and cdk4, and subsequently by cdk2 at ser-567 in g1, thereby releasing e2f1 which is then able to activate cell growth. Here we show that although these cdks phosphorylate multiple residues in prb, they do so with different residue selectivities in vitro;thr821 and thr826 are preferentially phosphorylated by cdk6 and cdk4, respectively." SIGNOR-135185 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT PPP1R14B protein Q96C90 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr57 VRRQGKVtVKYDRKE -1 12144526 t lperfetto "We conclude that ILK may activate smooth-muscle contraction both directly, via phosphorylation of myosin, and indirectly, via phosphorylation and activation of CPI-17 and PHI-1, leading to inhibition of MLCP.|CPI-17 and PHI-1 thiophosphorylated by ILK at Thr(38) or Thr(57) respectively inhibited myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity bound to myosin" SIGNOR-265741 ACSS3 protein Q9H6R3 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57288 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271832 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT RBM17 protein Q96I25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser291 EKDASKKsDSNPLTE 9534 23519612 t miannu "In this work, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) phosphorylates SPF45 on eight serine residues." SIGNOR-262710 gemfibrozil chemical CHEBI:5296 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 21889235 t Luana " The combination of stilbene scaffold and gemfibrozil enhances the PPARα agonistic activity." SIGNOR-258318 PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr219 ASLSLPAtPVGKGTE 9606 18347064 t "Protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit regulates Cdk1 activity and microtubule organization via NDEL1 dephosphorylation|PP4c selectively dephosphorylates NDEL1 at Cdk1 sites. We also demonstrate that PP4c negatively regulates Cdk1 activity at the centrosome.|We next examined the ability of PP4c to dephosphorylate a Cdk1 phosphorylation site, phospho-T219" SIGNOR-248550 CFLAR protein O15519 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9794838 t amattioni "Flip can be incorporated into the disc complex and blocks processing and activation of pro-caspase8" SIGNOR-61122 MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT COL3A1 protein P02461 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly774 IGPPGPAgQPGDKGE -1 17318226 t lperfetto "In vitro, MMP1 initiates degradation of native fibrillar collagens, crucial components of vertebrate extracellular matrix (ECM), by cleaving the peptide bond between Gly775–Ile776 or Gly775–Lys776 in native type I, II or III collagen molecules3,4. " SIGNOR-272339 DOLK protein Q9UPQ8 UNIPROT "dolichyl beta-D-mannosyl phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17624 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 16923818 t lperfetto "Dolichol kinase (DK) catalyzes the CTP-dependent phosphorylation of dolichol in the biosynthesis de novo and possibly the recycling of dolichyl monophosphate in yeast and mammals." SIGNOR-262567 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16386358 t "Experimental data indeed supports the existence of a positive circuit involvingGATA-3 that excludes IL-4 and STAT-6, specifically in mouse cells" SIGNOR-254297 "eribulin mesylate" chemical CHEBI:70710 ChEBI TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 16940412 t miannu "The complex marine natural product halichondrin B was compared with NSC 707389 (E7389), a structurally simplified, synthetic macrocyclic ketone analog, which has been selected for clinical trials in human patients. NSC 707389 was invariably more potent than halichondrin B in its interactions with tubulin. Both compounds inhibited tubulin assembly, inhibited nucleotide exchange on beta-tubulin, and were noncompetitive inhibitors of the binding of radiolabeled vinblastine and dolastatin 10 to tubulin." SIGNOR-259344 HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21148293 t miannu "JB12 cooperates with cytosolic Hsc70 and the ubiquitin ligase RMA1 to target CFTR and CFTRΔF508 for degradation. JB12 drives Hsc70 to associate with CFTR and the RMA1 E3 complex" SIGNOR-271492 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 21297102 t gcesareni "The inhibitory effect of four tkis (axitinib, imatinib, masitinib, and vatalanib) for proliferation and phosphorylation of c-kit receptor as well as the expression and function of abcb1 were investigated in three cmct cell lines (hrmc, vimc1, and cmmc1)." SIGNOR-171866 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser412 DSLDDSGsCLSGSQR 9534 BTO:0000298 9353340 t lperfetto " Phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of the Ser394 and Ser400 as well as GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the Ser404, Ser408, and Ser410, resulted in the desensitization of alpha1BAR-mediated inositol phosphate response. " SIGNOR-248989 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr955 ADAEEAMyQNVDGRV 10090 BTO:0001516 16627759 t lperfetto "In vitro mapping of FLT3 autophosphorylation sites|Tryptic peptides covering more than 80% of the FLT3 kinase domain were recovered, and 5 tyrosine residues (Y591, Y726, Y842, Y955, and Y969) within this region were phosphorylated." SIGNOR-271923 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 12138178 t gcesareni "The nuclear isoform of protein-tyrosine phosphatase tc-ptp regulates interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway through stat3 dephosphorylation." SIGNOR-90818 D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 32943735 t "Wild-type IDH1 and IDH2 catalyze the reaction by converting isocitrate and NADP+ into α-KG and CO2 with the concomitant generation of NADPH in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix" SIGNOR-267369 IL11 protein P20809 UNIPROT IL11RA protein Q14626 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10948192 t gcesareni "Il-11 has been shown to induce gp130-dependent signaling through the formation of a high affinity complex with the il-11 receptor (il-11r) and gp130" SIGNOR-81102 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003323 SIGNOR-C297 12485996 t lperfetto "The major genetic evidence supporting ubiquitin ligase function for BRCA1 in vivo comes from studies on the FANCD2 protein. Whereas in wild‐type cells the FANCD2 protein co‐localizes with BRCA1 in nuclear foci and becomes monoubiquitylated in response to DNA damage, HCC1937 cells, which encode a mutated form of BRCA1, are largely defective for both monoubiquitylation of FANCD2 and foci formation" SIGNOR-263236 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IL16 protein Q14005 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser743 MPLQPNAsLNEEEGT -1 12450396 t llicata "We now show that N-terminal to the NLS domain of pro-IL-16 are protein kinase CK2 substrate and cdc2 kinase substrate sites which, along with the NLS, constitute a dual phosphorylation-regulated CcN motif which regulates nuclear localization of pro-IL-16. In addition, we demonstrate that mutation of either site is associated with impairment of the N-terminal domain's ability to induce G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest. | Thus, we confirm that the N-terminal (42SLNEE46) sequence of pro-IL-16 is in fact a site for protein kinase CK2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250905 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 SIGNOR-C83 10428798 t gcesareni "Within er af-1, serines 104, 106, and 118 represent potential cdk phosphorylation sites, and in this current study, we ascertain their importance in mediating cyclin a-cdk2-dependent enhancement of er transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-69714 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 phosphorylation:Thr187 NAGSVEQtPKKPGLR 10559916 t lperfetto "SKP2 is required for ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the CDK inhibitor p27|We conclude that the stable interaction of p27 with SKP2 is highly specific and dependent upon phosphorylation of p27 on T187." SIGNOR-267557 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 9712898 t lperfetto "The gck-ctd-mekk1 interaction is sufficiently stable to support mekk1 s phosphorylation of its substrate, SEK1" SIGNOR-236376 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SPAG1 protein Q07617 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser326 VERDLKNsEAASETQ -1 11517287 t lperfetto "In-vitro incubation with [_-32P]ATP showed that HSD-3.8 protein can be phosphorylated by PKC. The phosphate is probably linked to the serine residue presenting the sequence X LysXX SerX." SIGNOR-249109 "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR Nucleosome complex SIGNOR-C371 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t lperfetto "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-265308 ALDH9A1 protein P49189 UNIPROT 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate smallmolecule CHEBI:16244 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "Aldolytic cleavage of HTML yields 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMABA) and glycine, a reaction catalysed by HTML aldolase (HTMLA; EC 4.1.2.‘X’). Dehydrogenation of TMABA by TMABA dehydrogenase (TMABA-DH; EC 1.2.1.47) results in the formation of 4-Ntrimethylaminobutyrate (butyrobetaine)." SIGNOR-269693 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ENOX2 protein Q16206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser504 ENLKEKEsCASRLCA 9606 22659163 t lperfetto "Tnox is phosphorylated by protein kinase c_ (pkc_) both in vitro and in vivo. Replacement of serine-504 with alanine significantly reduces phosphorylation by pkc_. C. overexpression of the s504a tnox mutant leads to diminished cell proliferation and migration, reflecting reduced stability of the unphosphorylatable tnox mutant protein." SIGNOR-197706 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr841 RSAFTTStVVRMHVG -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249285 CEP350 protein Q5VT06 UNIPROT FGFR1OP/CEP350 complex SIGNOR-C52 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16314388 t miannu "Here we show that cap350 and fop (fgfr1 oncogene partner) form a centrosomal complex required for mt anchoring." SIGNOR-142355 formestane chemical CHEBI:75172 ChEBI CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7083195 t miannu "Recently, it was discovered that 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione, and 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione, compounds previously reported to be competitive inhibitors of aromatase, cause a time-dependent loss of aromatase activity in human placental microsomes." SIGNOR-258407 HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256777 F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23450633 f gcesareni "Ga12/13 recruitment of rho-gefs causes rhoa activation and f-actin assembly, which promotes lats1/lat2 inactivation by an unknown, but myosin-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-201522 CCNK protein O75909 UNIPROT CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22012619 t miannu "We identified a 70-kda cyclin k (cyck) that binds cdk12 and cdk13 to form two different complexes (cyck/cdk12 or cyck/cdk13) in human cells" SIGNOR-176786 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR MAGEA6 protein P43360 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002806 31267705 t miannu " The CRL4‐DCAF12 E3 ubiquitin ligase degrades MAGE‐A3/6" SIGNOR-272266 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser686 WTETKKQsFKQTGEF -1 1377674 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of CF-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by PKA and PKG, and serines 686 and 790 were phosphorylated by PKC." SIGNOR-248849 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr861 PIGNQHIyQPVGKPD -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254720 BMP15 protein O95972 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 16446785 t lperfetto "Here we have performed a detailed in situ hybridization analysis of the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the bmp ligands (bmp-2, -3, -3b, -4, -6, -7, -15), receptors (bmpr-ia, -ib, -ii), and bmp antagonist, follistatin, in rat ovaries over the normal estrous cycle." SIGNOR-217538 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT CCAR2 protein Q8N163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr454 AAEAAPPtQEAQGET 9606 24962073 t lperfetto "CK2alphawas bound to DBC1 and phosphorylated DBC1. The phosphorylation of DBC1 by CK2alphawas evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation of CK2alphaand DBC1 in a GST pull-down assay, an in vitro kinase assay, and immunofluorescence staining. |In our results, CK2alpha affected the|These results suggest that DBC1 may be involved in the progression of gastric carcinoma by inducing the EMT and that it is closely associated with CK2alpha-mediated phosphorylation of DBC1. phosphorylation of Thr454 on DBC1" SIGNOR-267667 "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "TTM complex" complex SIGNOR-C305 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 30718482 t lperfetto "Together, we conclude that both the TTM complex and SUN1 (the LINC complex) contribute to the stable telomere–NE association." SIGNOR-263305 4'-epidoxorubicin chemical CHEBI:47898 ChEBI TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 17639997 t miannu "The combinatory use of low concentrations of SM with low-toxic topoisomerase II inhibitor epirubicin accelerated apoptotic cell death." SIGNOR-259282 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr134 LKFYDSNtVKQKYLS 9606 BTO:0004828 32483448 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, CDK12 directly binds to and phosphorylates PAK2 at T134/T169 to activate MAPK signaling pathway" SIGNOR-273109 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16829981 t gcesareni "Erbb4 might not be able to directly recruit cbl, and therefore downregulation of this receptor is slow." SIGNOR-147841 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser59 GGQESQPsPLALLAA 9606 19318349 t gcesareni "PKCalpha, which was activated in senescent cells by ROS strongly activated Erk1/2, and the SA-pErk1/2 in turn phosphorylated Sp1 on Ser(59). Sp1-enhanced transcription of p21(Sdi1) resulted in regulation of cellular senescence in primary human diploid fibroblast cells." SIGNOR-248079 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21232017 t lperfetto "Tak1 become activated and then phosphorilates and activates ikk2 whic in turn now phosphorylates ikba, marking it for k48-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-209759 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT USP6 protein P35125 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12612085 t miannu "In quiescent cells, tre17 is localized to intracellular filamentous and punctate structures in the cytoplasm, folded in an inactive conformation. Upon growth factor addition, cdc42 and rac1 become activated and recruit tre17 to the plasma membrane. Stable membrane localization of tre17 also requires polymerized actin. This recruitment process leads to a conformational change in tre17, such that the n-terminal portion of the molecule further stimulates the accumulation of cortical actin." SIGNOR-98935 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257182 FRZB protein Q92765 UNIPROT WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 9326585 t gcesareni "We and others demonstrated that fzb-1 blocks wnt-1 and xwnt-8 signaling in xenopus embryos," SIGNOR-51762 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 10464286 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-70444 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT GFRA1 protein P56159 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 9182803 t gcesareni "A receptor complex comprised of trnr1 (gdnfr alpha) and ret was recently identified and found to be capable of mediating both gdnf and ntn signaling" SIGNOR-49091 SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15573378 t ggiuliani "The Runx2 WT and deletion constructs (1 √¢‚Ǩ‚Äú495, 1√¢‚Ǩ‚Äú464, and 1√¢‚Ǩ‚Äú432) all physically interact with the BMP2 responsive Smad 1" SIGNOR-255834 TBX3 protein O15119 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002267 25211658 t lperfetto "TBX2 and TBX3 function as transcriptional repressors and both have been shown to inhibit myogenesis (Carlson et al, 2002; Zhu et al, 2014). Abnormal expression of TBX2 has been reported in several cancers including breast, pancreas, and melanoma, where it has been shown to drive proliferation (reviewed in Abrahams et al (2010)). As has been previously shown in other cell types, TBX2 was found to induce a downregulation of p14/19ARF and function as a direct repressor of p21 in RMS" SIGNOR-249602 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT PARD3 protein Q8TEW0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser962 SSRSGREsVSTASDQ 9606 BTO:0000938 19812038 t llicata "Aurora a interacts directly with the atypical protein kinase c binding domain of par3 and phosphorylates it at serine 962. The phosphorylation of par3 at serine 962 contributes to its function in the establishment of neuronal polarity." SIGNOR-188398 GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT ARHGEF12 protein Q9NZN5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 12024019 t "Leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor promotes G alpha q-coupled activation of RhoA." SIGNOR-256520 "Immunoglobulin mu heavy chain" protein P0DOX6 UNIPROT BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323265 t scontino "An antibody is composed of two identical HCs and two identical LCs (either kappa or lambda ), consisting of variable (V) and constant (C) regions linked by disulfide bonds. Pro- genitor B cells rearrange their Ig heavy chain (HC) genes to differentiate into precursor B (pre- B) cells that express μ HCs." SIGNOR-268187 940929-33-9 chemical CID:49867937 PUBCHEM KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206724 HACD proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF86 SIGNOR FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18554506 t "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. However, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase catalyzing the third step in mammals has remained unidentified. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases," SIGNOR-267764 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser820 VSSAYTVsRRSSGIS 9606 BTO:0000007 16611981 t lperfetto "The degradation of Gli2 requires the phosphorylation of a cluster of numerous serine residues in its carboxyl terminus by protein kinase A and subsequently by casein kinase 1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3." SIGNOR-148472 L-tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:16828 ChEBI 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:17780 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "In serotonergic neurons Trp serves as the precursor for 5-HT. The 5-HT metabolic pathway is initiated by Trp being hydroxylated to the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to become 5-HT|Thus, the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of 5-HT is the hydroxylation of Trp which is catalyzed by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) (Figure 1). This enzyme is specific for 5-HT producing cells, however, it is present in two different isoforms, TPH1 and TPH2 [reviewed in (22, 23)]." SIGNOR-264184 KAT6A/KAT6B complex SIGNOR-C54 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys382 QSTSRHKkLMFKTEG 9606 BTO:0001271 23431171 t lperfetto "We show here that moz is an acetyltransferase of p53 at k120 and k382 and colocalizes with p53 in promyelocytic leukemia (pml) nuclear bodies following cellular stress. The moz-pml-p53 interaction enhances moz-mediated acetylation of p53, and this ternary complex enhances p53-dependent p21 expression" SIGNOR-217198 GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT PLCE1 protein Q9P212 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "In the non-canonical wntpathway, frizzled uses galfaq or galfai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat, and frizzled also signals through the small gtpases rho and rac to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), which activates the ap1 transcription factor" SIGNOR-152612 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000988 21317537 t lperfetto "WNK kinases acted as scaffolds to recruit SPAK, which phosphorylated CFTR and NBCe1-B, reducing their cell surface expression. IRBIT opposed the effects of WNKs and SPAK by recruiting PP1 to the complex to dephosphorylate CFTR and NBCe1-B, restoring their cell surface expression," SIGNOR-264646 CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser238 SEESWTDsEVDSSCS 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273020 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr897 GACEHRGyLYLAIEY -1 11080633 t lperfetto "The Tie2 nucleotide binding loop is in an inhibitory conformation, which is not seen in other kinase structures, while its activation loop adopts an activated-like conformation in the absence of phosphorylation. Tyr-897, located in the N-terminal domain, may negatively regulate the activity of Tie2 by preventing dimerization of the kinase domains or by recruiting phosphatases when it is phosphorylated." SIGNOR-246662 2-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine chemical CHEBI:91330 ChEBI ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18794134 t Gianni "A targeted compound library was screened for potential inhibitors of the ATM kinase, and CP466722 was identified." SIGNOR-261975 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 DSREDEIsPPPPNPV 9606 SIGNOR-C16 16582606 t gcesareni "In this context, we have identified rialpha as a novel substrate for the g(1)/s-cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk2/cyclin e, and found that rialpha is specifically phosphorylated at the serine residue." SIGNOR-145577 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2392 AGLHHSLsHSLLAVA 9606 20708153 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the salt inducible kinase 2 (sik2) localizes at the centrosome, plays a key role in the initiation of mitosis, and regulates the localization of the centrosome linker protein, c-nap1, through s2392 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-167488 TFAP4 protein Q01664 UNIPROT SALL2 protein Q9Y467 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000452 21228219 f miannu "The transcription factor AP4 increases along with SALL2 in quiescent cells and positively regulates SALL2 expression." SIGNOR-255426 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT RELN protein P78509 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19029285 f miannu "induction of the reelin and GAD67 mRNAs is accompanied by the dissociation of repressor complexes containing all three DNMTs, MeCP2, and HDAC1 from the corresponding promoters and by increased local histone acetylation." SIGNOR-254575 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser191 SRHAIMRsPQMVSAI 9606 18423204 t amattioni "Beta-catenin, upon entering the nucleus, in turn activates transcription of downstream target genes. Jnk2 phosphorylates Beta-catenin on critical residues (ser191 and ser605). Jnk activity is required for Beta-catenin nuclear localization in response to wnt." SIGNOR-178258 VXJPSOQJNUZHDN-YJFQKBDPSA-N smallmolecule CID:118708139 PUBCHEM NMUR1 protein Q9HB89 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257591 SLC1A1 protein P43005 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26687113 t miannu "After release from presynaptic nerve terminals, glutamate is quickly removed from the synaptic cleft by a family of five glutamate transporters, the so-called excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-5)." SIGNOR-264804 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR Nucleotide-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH209 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30860024 f lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair." SIGNOR-269322 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9223667 t lperfetto "Furthermore, in transient cotransfection assays, overexpression of Sp1 and/or Sp3 stimulated HGF promoter activity independently and additively through binding to the Sp1 binding site in the HGF gene promoter region." SIGNOR-251739 ketoprofen chemical CHEBI:6128 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001061 18667313 t Luana "Profens, that is, Ketoprofen 1, Suprofen 2 (Fig. 1), were chosen because of their interesting inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase and of their different selectivity versus the two isoforms COX-1/COX-2. " SIGNOR-257810 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 8626452 t fstefani "We assayed the relative ability of mkp-2, pac1, and mkp-1 to dephosphorylate erk2 and the other related map kinases, jnk2 and p38. . Mkp-2 had detectable activity against jnk2, although full inactivation of jnk2 was not observed even at the higher phosphatase concentration." SIGNOR-40929 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT SH3BP5 protein O60239 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser351 PGSLDLPsPVSLSEF -1 15158451 t miannu "we have identified serine 321 as the major site of phosphorylation by both SAPK3 and JNK2. SAPK3 but not JNK2 also phosphorylates serine 391" SIGNOR-250142 RPL27A protein P46776 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262473 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15526160 t apalma "Binding of SCF to c-Kit leads to a rapid increase in SFK kinase activity" SIGNOR-254995 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16892082 t gcesareni "The glucose dependence of the antiapoptotic effects of growth factors and akt plus a strong correlation between akt-regulated mitochondrial hexokinase association and apoptotic susceptibility suggest a major role for hexokinases in these effects." SIGNOR-148675 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 2467839 t irozzo "The protein products of the fos (Fos) and jun (Jun) proto-oncogenes have been shown to associate with a DNA element known as the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding site. Jun (previously known as the Fos-binding protein p39) and Fos form a protein complex in the nucleus. These data demonstrate a cooperative interaction between the protein products of two proto-oncogenes with a DNA element involved in transcriptional regulation." SIGNOR-256361 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT AATF protein Q9NY61 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser477 ELIERKTsSLDPNDQ 9606 BTO:0001109 17157788 t lperfetto "Three putative Chk2 phosphorylation sites (Stevens et al., 2003) are present in Che-1 at resides Ser141, Ser474, and Ser508. Thus, we performed in vitro Chk2 kinase assays utilizing the GST-Che-1 fusion peptides spanning these residues as substrates.| Taken together, these results indicate that Chk2 phosphorylates Che-1 and this phosphorylation contributes to increase Che-1 stability." SIGNOR-264417 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21821001 f miannu "Our study also showed that a number of K562 cells survived despite the apoptotic stimuli. Within these surviving cells, galectin-3 was upregulated through newly synthesized protein. Notably, inducible galectin-3, which stabilized the pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2, was essential for anti-apoptosis. Unpredictably, GSK-3β was critical for inducible galectin-3 expression as well as for cell survival. As summarized in Fig. 4C, we not only found inducible galectin-3 has an anti-apoptotic effect, but we also identified a GSK-3β-regulated mechanism for apoptotic resistance in K562 cells." SIGNOR-261903 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7479834 t gcesareni "Mxi2 phosphorylates max both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation by mxi2 may affect the ability of max to oligomerize with itself and its partners, bind dna, or regulate gene expression." SIGNOR-26511 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT ACP5 protein P13686 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11481336 f miannu "The combination of MITF and PU.1 synergistically activated the TRAP promoter in transient assays." SIGNOR-254585 SPAG9 protein O60271 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 17074887 t "Activation of p38alpha/beta MAPK in myogenesis via binding of the scaffold protein JLP" lperfetto "Cdo, jlp, and p38alpha/beta form complexes in differentiating myoblasts, and cdo and jlp cooperate to enhance levels of active p38alpha/beta in transfectants." SIGNOR-149979 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258074 CCNA1 protein P78396 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001884 15829981 f miannu "SiRNA mediated silencing of cyclin A1 in highly cyclin A1 expressing ML1 leukemic cells significantly slowed S phase entry, decreased proliferation and inhibited colony formation. " SIGNOR-255734 GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. The NMDA receptor subtypes are encoded by three gene families that process mRNA transcripts to yield six distinct subunits (NR1, NR2A-2D, NR3A). Receptors are thought to be tetrameric complexes of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits" SIGNOR-264123 domperidone chemical CHEBI:31515 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258381 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 21798082 t lperfetto "Negative feedback involves s6k, which inactivates irs by phosphorylation at multiple sites, thus inducing its degradation and altered cell localization." SIGNOR-252787 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12354302 t miannu "SEL-10 interacts with presenilin 1, facilitates its ubiquitination, and alters A-beta peptide production SEL-10 protein is a homologue of yeast Cdc4, a member of the SCF (Skp1-Cdc53/CUL1-F-box protein) E2-E3 ubiquitin ligase family. In this study, we show that human SEL-10 interacts with PS1 and enhances PS1 ubiquitination, thus altering cellular levels of unprocessed PS1 and its N- and C-terminal fragments. These observations suggest that SEL-10 mediated ubiquitination of PS1-CTF and PS1-NTF leads to their degradation." SIGNOR-272600 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1423 AVLEQHGsQPSNSYP 9606 BTO:0000773 11278964 t lperfetto "Brca1 is phosphorylated at ser-1423 and ser-1524 after ir and uv;however, ser-1387 is specifically phosphorylated after ir, and ser-1457 is predominantly phosphorylated after uv.atr controls brca1 phosphorylation in vivo. Taken together, our results support a model in which atm and atr act in parallel but somewhat overlapping pathways of dna damage signaling but respond primarily to different types of dna lesion." SIGNOR-106436 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr581 SDGHEYIyVDPMQLP 9606 BTO:0000599 9642269 t miannu "We used two platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor (beta-PDGFR) mutants to identify events that are required for full engagement (autophosphorylation and activation of the kinase activity) of the beta-PDGFR kinase. The F79/81 receptor (Tyr to Phe substitution at 579 and 581 in the juxtamembrane domain of the receptor) was capable of only very modest ligand-dependent autophosphorylation and also failed to associate with numerous SH2 domain-containing proteins." SIGNOR-250255 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT DYNLRB1 protein Q9NP97 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 LTFLRIRsKKNEIMV 9606 23333499 t llicata "Our results show that km23-1 is required for camp-responsive element (cre) transcriptional activation by tgf_, with s73-km23-1 being required for the cre-dependent tgf_ stimulation of fibronectin (fn) transcription." SIGNOR-200456 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT LLGL1 protein Q15334 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser659 RVKSLKKsLRQSFRR 9615 12725730 t miannu "This finding indicates that both mLgl-2 and mLgl-1 are phosphorylated in vivo in an aPKC lambda activity-dependent manner." SIGNOR-263179 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR FTH1 protein P02794 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003212 19258503 f miannu "We show that inhibition of constitutively active NF-kappaB causes down-regulation of ferritin heavy chain (FHC) that leads to an increase of free intracellular iron, which, in turn, induces massive generation of ROS." SIGNOR-254792 PTPN22 protein Q9Y2R2 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr394 RLIEDNEyTAREGAK 9606 BTO:0000007 16461343 t gcesareni "Native ptpn22 dephosphorylated lck at its activating tyrosine residues tyr-394." SIGNOR-144341 Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 18350175 f "inferred from family member" "The first step in metabolism of glucose (Glc) is usually phosphorylation, catalyzed by hexokinase." SIGNOR-270310 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 10090 15546868 t lperfetto "Mirk phosphorylates p27 at ser-10, thus stabilizing p27 and blocking its nuclear export and degradation" SIGNOR-235805 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12110166 f "During clonal expansion" fspada "We show here that e2f1 induces ppar gamma transcription during clonal expansion, whereas e2f4 represses pparg amma expression during terminal adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-210047 IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001616 30518405 t miannu "We further demonstrated that IMPDH2 overexpression accelerated G1/S phase cell cycle transition by inducing increased expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 and downregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. More importantly, G1/S phase cell cycle transition was triggered by IMPDH2 through activation of AKT activity, downregulation of mTOR and FOXO1 transcriptional activity. There is evidence that IMPDH2 interacts with the pleckstrin homology domain of PKB/AKT in the regulation of GTP biosynthesis." SIGNOR-260961 HMOX2 protein P30519 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 10490932 t Regulation miannu "Heme oxygenase (HO), by catabolizing heme to bile pigments, down-regulates cellular hemoprotein, hemoglobin, and heme" SIGNOR-251814 "Cap-binding complex" complex SIGNOR-C440 SIGNOR PUM3 protein Q15397 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31320643 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in bulk mRNA decay, CCR4-NOT can also catalyze the deadenylation or promote translational repression of specific mRNA targets to which it is recruited by RNA binding proteins, such as Nanos, Roquin and Puf/Pumilio proteins" SIGNOR-268352 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 21791611 t lperfetto "One of the major mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on TGF-_ signaling operates through accelerating T_RI turnover by recruiting ubiquitin E3 ligases such as Smurf1 and Smurf2" SIGNOR-227556 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser71 ANLRKLNsRLFVIRG 9606 19833968 t miannu "We demonstrated that the nutrient-responsive adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylates and destabilizes the clock component cryptochrome 1 (CRY1). In mouse livers, AMPK activity and nuclear localization were rhythmic and inversely correlated with CRY1 nuclear protein abundance. Stimulation of AMPK destabilized cryptochromes and altered circadian rhythms, and mice in which the AMPK pathway was genetically disrupted showed alterations in peripheral clocks. Phosphorylation of S71 or S280 by AMPK destabilizes CRY1" SIGNOR-268046 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser732 RRVRKLPsTTL 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252744 USP6 protein P35125 UNIPROT ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 15509780 t miannu "Here we show that tre17 (also called tre-2 and usp6), a founding member of the tbc family, targets the arf family gtpase arf6, which regulates plasma membrane-endosome trafficking. Surprisingly, tre17 does not function as a gap for arf6 but rather promotes its activation in vivo. Forced expression of tre17 promotes the localization of arf6 to the plasma membrane, leading to arf6 activation, presumably due to facilitated access to membrane-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs)." SIGNOR-130019 Serdemetan chemical CID:11609586 PUBCHEM MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193504 LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23209147 t Gianni "The Wnt–FZD–LRP5/6 trimeric complex recruits Dishevelled (DVL) and Axin through the intracellular domains of FZD and LRP5/6, resulting in inhibition of β-catenin phosphorylation and thus ensuing β-catenin stabilization." SIGNOR-262525 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr116 SCDKSTQtPSPPCQA 9606 18498746 t gcesareni "Jnk is the physiogically relevant uv-stimulated kinase that phosphorylates bimel on thr-112/jnk-induced bim apoptotic activity" SIGNOR-178683 UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT UBE2V1 protein Q13404 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20551964 t lperfetto "Ubc13, the partner of rnf8 and rnf168, usually cooperates with an e2-like protein, uev1 (also known as ube2v1) or mms2 (also known as ube2v2), for the synthesis of lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains." SIGNOR-166177 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000562 11069105 t lperfetto "Heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activation by insulin results from ser-466 and ser-483 phosphorylation and requires 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, but not protein kinase b." SIGNOR-216623 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser140 GKKATQAsQEY 9606 21690091 t gcesareni "Upon dna damage, h2ax is phosphorylated by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) and atm-related kinases at serine 139, known as ?_?_?_-H2ax, which serves as a docking site to recruit the mediator of dna damage checkpoint protein 1 (mdc1) to sites of dna damage, named dna damage foci" SIGNOR-174442 "SB 203580" chemical CHEBI:90705 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000567 10702313 t gcesareni "Pretreatment of hela cells with sb 203580, a pyridinyl imidazole compound that specifically inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). It has previously been established that sb 203580 acts primarily to block the catalytic activity of p38 mapk. However, it has been suggested that in cells, the compounds could also inhibit p38 mapk activation by virtue of their ability to bind to the inactive enzyme." SIGNOR-75389 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12058061 t lperfetto "Recently, camkiv, a calcium-calmodulindependent protein kinase, was also shown to activate mef2s by dissociating class ii histone deacetylases (e.g., Hdac5) from mef2s, thus relieving the transcriptional repressive effect of hdacs." SIGNOR-236575 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT UXT protein Q9UBK9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 17761951 f lperfetto "The DNA response elements that control the induction of ART-27 gene expression were also characterized. The major cis-acting element corresponds to a consensus cAMP-responsive element (CRE) and binds the CRE-binding protein (CREB) as shown by EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, ART-27 promoter activity is induced upon CREB overexpression. Epidermal growth factor, which activates CREB via phosphorylation, also induces ART-27 expression, whereas a reduction in CREB phosphorylation or expression blocks this induction in prostate cells." SIGNOR-254092 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 11581251 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Thus, activation of the ERK pathway appears to be able to regulate adipocyte lipolysis by phosphorylating HSL on Ser(600) and increasing the activity of HSL." SIGNOR-270207 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr292 ETPPRPRtPGRPLSS 9534 BTO:0004055 14993270 t lperfetto "We propose that activation of erk during adhesion creates a feedback system in which erk phosphorylates mek1 on t292, and this in turn blocks additional s298 phosphorylation in response to integrin signaling." SIGNOR-244557 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT DFFA protein O00273 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 9108473 t lperfetto "DFF, a heterodimeric protein that functions downstream of caspase-3 to trigger DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. We have identified and purified from HeLa cytosol a protein that induces DNA fragmentation in coincubated nuclei after it is activated by caspase-3." SIGNOR-47416 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR FH protein P07954 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr90 GVTERMPtPVIKAFG 9606 BTO:0002058 30683654 t miannu "In this study, we found that TGFβ induces FH Thr 90 phosphorylation by p38. Upon Notch activation, nuclear NICD promotes the interaction between CSL and p38-phosphorylated FH and thus FH/CSL/p53/Smad complex formation; this facilitates FH recruitment to p53-targed p21 promoter, where FH inhibits KDM2A-mediated demethylation of H3K36me2 through local production of fumarate" SIGNOR-266316 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF103 protein O00237 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271093 RFWD3 protein Q6PCD5 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 20173098 t miannu "RFWD3 is a positive regulator of p53 abundance and regulates the G1 checkpoint in response to IR. We found that an E3 ubiquitin ligase RFWD3 (RNF201/FLJ10520) forms a complex with Mdm2 and p53 to synergistically ubiquitinate p53 and is required to stabilize p53 in the late response to DNA damage. " SIGNOR-271944 ASTN2 protein O75129 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 28506896 f miannu "The role of astrotactin and Brinp proteins has been partially characterized, with ASTN1 and ASTN2 demonstrated to facilitate glial-guided neuronal migration during brain development" SIGNOR-269814 CIB1 protein Q99828 UNIPROT ITGA2B protein P08514 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 11756406 t Gianni "The small GTPase Rac3 interacts with the integrin-binding protein CIB and promotes integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)-mediated adhesion and spreading" SIGNOR-269061 TIMP3 protein P35625 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "There are many naturally occurring proteins that can inhibit angiogenesis, including angiostatin, endostatin, interferon, platelet factor 4, thorombospondin, prolactin 16 kd fragment, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3" SIGNOR-252274 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT FBXO31 protein Q5XUX0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser278 LMKFIYTsQYDNCLT 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 19412162 t lperfetto "We find that dna damage induced by gamma-irradiation results in increased fbxo31 levels, which requires phosphorylation of fbxo31 by the ddr-initiating kinase atm" SIGNOR-185635 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT GPC6 protein Q9Y625 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 21871017 t miannu "NFAT transcriptionally regulates GPC6 induction in breast cancer cells and binds to three regulatory elements in the GPC6 proximal promoter. Expression of GPC6 in response to NFAT signalling promotes invasive migration, whereas GPC6 silencing with shRNA (small-hairpin RNA) potently blocks this phenotype." SIGNOR-264021 MSTN protein O14793 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 19357233 f miannu "In the current study, it was demonstrated that myostatin inhibits activation of Akt, in both myoblasts and myotubes." SIGNOR-255339 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16840789 t Luana "We conclude that the Nanog enhancer activity is regulated by both Sall4 and Nanog. " SIGNOR-266079 APC protein P25054 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 22083140 t amattioni "Apc binds to both b-catenin and axin, and could shuttle b-catenin from the plasma membrane and nucleus to the cytoplasmic axin complex. APC cooperates with Axin to promote the phosphorylation of _-catenin by GSK3 [which requires priming phosphorylation by casein kinase 1, _-isoform (CK1_)]." SIGNOR-177230 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser45 GATTTAPsLSGKGNP 9606 12000790 t gcesareni "However, ckiepsilon has been recently shown to interact with axin (sakanaka et al. 1999;rubinfeld et al. 2001), and it was proposed that this kinase mediates axin-induced apc phosphorylation, thereby stabilizing the -catenin degradation complex (rubinfeld et al. 2001). We have, therefore, evaluated cki as a candidate s45-kinase in several assays, both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-87441 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1969 DKASLTRtLQHRIAL 9606 BTO:0000938 19824698 t lperfetto "We identified ser1403, thr1404, thr1410, thr1491 located within the roc domain, as well as thr1967 and thr1969 in the kinase domain, as the autophosphorylation sites. Substitution of thr1967, an autophosphorylation site located within the kinase domain, to ala caused a significant decrease in the kinase activity" SIGNOR-188421 "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys212 LDGEMDPkVPAIEEN 9606 BTO:0000007 17805301 t miannu " In the presence of relevant cofactors (DDB1, DET1), COP1 promoted the ubiquitination of wild-type but not COP1-interaction defective VP/AA TORC2 (Fig. 3e). COP1 also stimulated the ubiquitination of TORC2(K213R) but had no effect on TORC2(K628R), suggesting an important role for Lys 628 in this regard (Fig. 3e). We performed mass spectrometry studies to characterize residues in TORC2 that undergo COP1-mediated ubiquitination. This analysis revealed one major (Lys 628) and one minor (Lys 213) site on TORC2" SIGNOR-271666 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19433246 t miannu "Phthalates are true ligands of PPARs. Mono-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (MEHP), a metabolite of the widespread plasticizer di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (DEHP), has been found in exposed organisms and interacts with all three PPARs. A thorough analysis of its interactions with PPARgamma identified MEHP as a selective PPARgamma modulator, and thus a possible contributor to the obesity epidemic." SIGNOR-268747 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT TGFA protein P01135 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "ADAM17 is involved in the release and activation of several growth factors and cytokine receptor ligands. Among the growth factors activated by ADAM17 are TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epiregulin and HB-EGF" SIGNOR-259841 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22108192 t lperfetto "Stat3 directly activated transcription of PLK1 in esophageal cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblast cell NIH3T3." SIGNOR-271690 Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol smallmolecule CHEBI:66964 ChEBI CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000142 29751001 t miannu "Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are the body’s natural agonists for cannabinoid receptors (G protein-coupled CB1 and CB2) that also recognize Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana." SIGNOR-264267 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 SSAGWKNsIRHNLSL 9606 22898666 t gcesareni "Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-191851 PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266471 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser276 PLPSPTAsPNHTLAP -1 11113134 t llicata "Amphiphysin is phosphorylated by cdk5 in a region including serines 272, 276, and 285. Amphiphysin 1 is also phosphorylated by the cdc2/cyclin B kinase complex in the same region and undergoes mitotic phosphorylation in dividing cells. " SIGNOR-250645 SETD2 protein Q9BYW2 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" trimethylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP 9606 16118227 t Gianni "Our results suggest that HYPB HMTase may coordinate histone methylation and transcriptional regulation in mammals and open perspective for the further study of the potential roles of HYPB protein in hematopoiesis and pathogenesis of HD." SIGNOR-269071 CARD11 protein Q9BXL7 UNIPROT MALT1 protein Q9UDY8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000785 20685844 t gcesareni "The carboxy-terminal part of the bcl10 card and a short stretch of 13 amino acids following the card are required for constitutive binding to malt1." SIGNOR-167393 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR "RBR E3 ligase" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF107 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270945 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19056339 t lperfetto "We therefore compared human cyclin a1- and cyclin a2-containing cdk complexes in vitro by determining kinetic constants and by examining the complexes for their ability to phosphorylate prb and p53. Differences in biochemical activity were observed in cdk2 but not cdk1 when complexed with cyclin a1 versus cyclin a2. Further, cdk1/cyclin a1 is a better kinase complex for phosphorylating potentially physiologically relevant substrates prb and p53 than cdk2/cyclin a2." SIGNOR-182569 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27858941 f miannu "DAB2IP suppresses transcription of stem cell factor receptor CD117, by interacting with GATA-1 on a silencer element on its gene" SIGNOR-254771 CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:28750 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000050;BTO:0000056 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268655 Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol smallmolecule CHEBI:66964 ChEBI CNR2 protein P34972 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000142 29751001 t miannu "Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are the body’s natural agonists for cannabinoid receptors (G protein-coupled CB1 and CB2) that also recognize Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana." SIGNOR-264268 SELENOS protein Q9BQE4 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15215856 t miannu "VIMP mediates p97 binding to hDerlin-1. these data suggest that Derlin-1 and VIMP form a membrane protein complex that serves as a receptor for p97." SIGNOR-261371 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT MLH1 protein P40692 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15781865 t ".... numerous potentially novel targets, including the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1 and PMS2. Both of these genes were determined to be responsive to DNA damage and p53 activation in normal human fibroblasts, and have p53-response elements within their first intron." SIGNOR-257605 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT HNRNPA2B1 protein P22626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 28515487 f "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events in hFUS+/+; Smn+/− mice. As shown in Fig. 6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected in hFUS+/+ mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-262802 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser77 EIVPSPPsPPPLPRI 9606 11955452 t llicata "Thus, we demonstrate that the cdk7 kinase of tfiih phosphorylates the nuclear receptor, then allowing ligand-dependent control of the activation of the hormone-responsive genes." SIGNOR-269332 "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys17 GLGKGGAkRHRKVLR 9606 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. by comparing the substrate specificities of the MSL and NSL complexes, we obtain evidence that MOF HAT activity is differentially regulated by assembly into the MSL complex, where it acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 on lysine 16, and the NSL complex, where it also acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 on lysines 5 and 8." SIGNOR-267166 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser7 sSSSYRRM -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248886 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr37 PPGDYSTtPGGTLFS 9606 23486913 t lperfetto "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway. Specifically as part of mtorc1, mtor directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein s6 kinases (s6k1 and s6k2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-217110 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 7626805 t gcesareni "P21cip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor that is transcriptionally activated by p53 in response to dna damage. We have explored the interaction of p21 with the currently known cdks. p21 effectively inhibits cdk2, cdk3, cdk4, and cdk6 kinases." SIGNOR-29954 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15856019 t gcesareni "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13. lpa2 also can couple to the gi/o, g12/13, and gqfamilies." SIGNOR-135834 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 GKGSQPPsPPSPAPS 9606 20305697 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-164617 palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267881 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8668348 t lperfetto "We show that, consequently, b-raf interacts with mek-1 and mek-2 with a better affinity than does c-raf-1, thus strengthening the notion that b-raf is a stronger mek activator than c-raf-l." SIGNOR-244843 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NR1H4 protein Q96RI1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser145 VVCGDRAsGYHYNAL 9606 18755856 t llicata "Phosphorylation of farnesoid x receptor by protein kinase c promotes its transcriptional activity. pkcalpha phosphorylates in vitro fxr in its dna-binding domain on s135 and s154." SIGNOR-180537 gossypol chemical CHEBI:28584 ChEBI BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 23336025 t gcesareni "Bcl-2 inhibitors physically antagonize their anti-apoptotic actions to create a synergistic effect. Numerous compounds have been specifically developed or identified as bcl-2 inhibitors. These compounds include abt-737 and abt-263, obatoclax, gossypol." SIGNOR-200469 PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2–ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark." SIGNOR-264521 MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 25653159 t lperfetto "Ectopic expression of myogenin and a specific Mef2 isoform induced myogenic differentiation without activating endogenous MyoD expression. Under these conditions, the regulatory sequences of late gene loci were not in close proximity, and these genes were prematurely activated." SIGNOR-241504 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RAD50 protein Q92878 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser635 KLFDVCGsQDFESDL 9606 17570479 t llicata "The ms/ms fragmentation spectra (figure s7) confirmed the phosphorylation of rad50 at the predicted atm substrate site, s635, in agreement with published data" SIGNOR-156077 PD173955 chemical CHEBI:49791 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258264 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21423276 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-172911 CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT CEP152 protein O94986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 26297806 t lperfetto "Primary microcephaly (MCPH) associated proteins CDK5RAP2, CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 colocalize at the centrosome. We found that they interact to promote centriole duplication and form a hierarchy in which each is required to localize another to the centrosome, with CDK5RAP2 at the apex, and CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 at sequentially lower positions. MCPH proteins interact with distinct centriolar satellite proteins; CDK5RAP2 interacts with SPAG5 and CEP72, CEP152 with CEP131, WDR62 with MOONRAKER, and CEP63 with CEP90 and CCDC14. These satellite proteins localize their cognate MCPH interactors to centrosomes and also promote centriole duplication. Consistent with a role for satellites in microcephaly, homozygous mutations in one satellite gene, CEP90, may cause MCPH. The satellite proteins, with the exception of CCDC14, and MCPH proteins promote centriole duplication by recruiting CDK2 to the centrosome." SIGNOR-271721 NOX5 protein Q96PH1 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264725 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr453 SGPIIIRtPTVGPNG 9606 14744793 t lperfetto "Transcriptional activation of p21(waf1/cip1) by alkylphospholipids: role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the transactivation of the human p21(waf1/cip1) promoter by Sp1.|this activation promotes the phosphorylation of Sp1 in known mitogen-activated protein kinase residues (threonine 453 and 739), thereby leading to increased Sp1 binding and enhanced p21(waf1/cip1) transcription." SIGNOR-249480 DARS1 protein P14868 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270362 BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1616 TPQSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 22509028 t llicata "We report that brd4 is an atypical kinase that binds to the carboxyl-terminal domain (ctd) of rna polymerase ii and directly phosphorylates its serine 2 (ser2) sites both in vitro and in vivo under conditions where other ctd kinases are inactive. our findings may provide a mechanistic basis for several functional studies that showed that loss of brd4 causes transcription termination and embryonic lethality" SIGNOR-197012 CPSF3 protein Q9UKF6 UNIPROT "CPSF complex" complex SIGNOR-C53 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19224921 t lperfetto "The CPSF complex consists of five subunits, named CPSF160, CPSF100, Fip1, CPSF73, and CPSF30." SIGNOR-268333 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT SYT4 protein Q9H2B2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser135 EGEKESVsPESLKSS 10116 BTO:0001009 18046461 t done miannu "JNK phosphorylates Syt 4 at Ser135 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273673 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone smallmolecule CHEBI:16938 ChEBI 6-phospho-D-gluconate smallmolecule CHEBI:16863 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31586547 t miannu "The second enzyme in the oxiPPP, 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGLS), converts 6PGL to 6-phosphogluconate (6PG)." SIGNOR-267056 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SDC2 protein P34741 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser188 LGERKPSsAAYQKAP -1 9244383 t lperfetto "We investigated phosphorylation of syndecan-2 cytoplasmic domain by PKC | Peptide mapping and substitution studies showed that both serines were phosphoacceptors, but each had slightly different affinity, with that of serine-197 being higher than serine-198." SIGNOR-248976 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT STAP1 protein Q9ULZ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10679268 t miannu "STAP-1 was tyrosine-phosphorylated by activated c-kit. An in vitro binding assay suggested that the STAP-1 SH2 domain interacted with several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins including c-kit and STAT5. These suggest that STAP-1 functions as an adaptor molecule downstream of c-kit in hematopoietic stem cells." SIGNOR-261820 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCDC6 protein Q16204 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser244 QPVSAPPsPRDISME 9606 14712216 t amattioni "Serine 244 phosphorylation is required for h4 apoptotic function." SIGNOR-121198 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 BTO:0000142 8668348 t gcesareni "We show that, consequently, b-raf interacts with mek-1 and mek-2 with a better affinity than does c-raf-1, thus strengthening the notion that b-raf is a stronger mek activator than c-raf-l." SIGNOR-42668 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser23 PAPIRRRsSNYRAYA 9606 BTO:0000887 15769444 t lperfetto "The major phosphatase thought to dephosphorylate ctni and phospholamban is type 2a protein phosphatase (pp2a) [61]. Activation of pp2a and ensuing dephosphorylation of regulatory proteins is involved in the anti-adrenergic effects of adenosine and muscarinic receptor activation see also fig2." SIGNOR-134597 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 SPQVRTLsGSRPPLL 9606 11500364 t lperfetto "We show that two such kinases, p70 s6 kinase (regulated via mtor) and p90(rsk1) (activated by erk), phosphorylate eef2k at a conserved serine and inhibit its activity" SIGNOR-252775 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253626 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 KLRRRFSsLHFMVEV 9606 15004527 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylated recombinant casp9 in vitro on serine-196 and inhibited its protease activity" SIGNOR-123243 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 PMYQRQMsEPNIPFP 9606 BTO:0002181 12213813 t lperfetto "Activated, overexpressed MSK1 was able to phosphorylate ER81 at Ser191 and Ser216. Mutation of these residues strongly impairs ER81-responsive promoter activity." SIGNOR-262987 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR ITGB8 protein P26012 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259012 OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256710 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 8027085 t gcesareni "Cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cpla2) is a calcium-sensitive 85-kda enzyme that hydrolyzes arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids to initiate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor, potent inflammatory mediators. The calcium-dependent activation of the enzyme is mediated by an n-terminal c2 domain, which is responsible for calcium-dependent translocation of the enzyme to membranes and that enables the intact enzyme to hydrolyze membrane-resident substrates. cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cpla2) associates with natural membranes in response to physiological increases in ca2+, resulting in the selective hydrolysis of arachidonyl phospholipids." SIGNOR-35874 FOXP1 protein Q9H334 UNIPROT SEMA5B protein Q9P283 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001176 24023716 t Gianni "FoxP1 stimulates angiogenesis by repressing the inhibitory guidance protein semaphorin 5B in endothelial cells." SIGNOR-269050 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser164 FGHSAAVsPTFMPRS 9606 BTO:0000782 12151396 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro." SIGNOR-91075 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 19262508 f gcesareni "The acute actions of ampk on lipid oxidation alter the balance between cellular nad+ and nadh, which acts as a messenger to activate sirt1" SIGNOR-184473 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT CYGB protein Q8WWM9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28948618 t miannu "Skp2 induces ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cygb. To this end, we performed an in vivo ubiquitination assay in HEK293T cells by transfecting relevant plasmids as indicated. The V5-Skp2DN was generated by deleting the N-terminal residues from 1 to 153 containing the F-box domain, which is involved in recruiting Skp2 to the SCF complex." SIGNOR-272792 NRG2 protein O14511 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-122056 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10485710 f gcesareni "Tnf activates phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pi(3)k)" SIGNOR-70622 ARID1A protein O14497 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270611 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000189 17251915 t gcesareni "Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (grpr) are coupled primarily to galfaq, and are highly expressed in many cancers, including small-cell lung cancer" SIGNOR-152679 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT Cell_growth phenotype SIGNOR-PH33 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 3563490 f gcesareni "The gli gene is a member of a select group of cellular genes that are genetically altered in primary human tumors." SIGNOR-235196 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT TIMELESS protein Q9UNS1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19805059 t miannu "GR directly regulates transcription of circadian clock components in mouse and human primary MSCs. Per2, E4bp4, Per1, and Timeless rapidly respond to glucocorticoid stimulation. Primary glucocorticoid receptor (GR) target genes are those at which GR occupies a nearby genomic glucocorticoid response element (GRE) and regulates target gene transcription" SIGNOR-268052 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser511 PIGEDEEsESD -1 9045708 t llicata "Purified CKI and CKII phosphorylate the wild-type carboxyl terminus of VMAT2, but not a double mutant with both serines 512 and 514 replaced by alanine. The protein kinase inhibitor CKI-7 and unlabeled GTP both block in vitro phosphorylation by cell homogenates, indicating a role for CKII and possibly CKI in vivo. Both kinases phosphorylate the VMAT2 fusion protein to a much greater extent than a similar fusion protein containing the carboxyl terminus of VMAT1, consistent with differential phosphorylation of the two transporters observed in intact cells. " SIGNOR-251038 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg391 SPSFIQIrSVAKKHP -1 10350471 t lperfetto "Activation of factor VIII by thrombin occurs via limited proteolysis at R372, R740, and R1689." SIGNOR-263640 SLC38A9 protein Q8NBW4 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 29053970 f "Activation of mTORC1 by arginine requires SLC38A9, a poorly understood lysosomal membrane protein with homology to amino acid transporters." SIGNOR-255311 ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT Bone_mineralization phenotype SIGNOR-PH69 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19049325 f miannu "PC-1 and Tnap work together to produce normally mineralized bone matrix through the generation and hydrolysis of pyrophosphate." SIGNOR-252195 CDS1 protein Q92903 UNIPROT CDP-diacylglycerol(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58332 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 25375833 t lperfetto "CDP-diacylglycerol synthases (CDS) are critical enzymes that catalyze the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid (PA)." SIGNOR-267017 RAB2A protein P61019 UNIPROT PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 14570876 t Sara "Rab2 Binds to the PKCι/λ Regulatory Domain and Inhibits PKCι/λ-dependent GAPDH Phosphorylation" SIGNOR-261301 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001086 16153702 f flangone "Our results suggest that OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG contribute to pluripotency and self-renewal by activating their own genes and genes encoding components of key signaling pathways and by repressing genes that are key to developmental processes." SIGNOR-242076 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT NR2C2 protein P49116 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser351 HVISRDQsTPIIEVE 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21478464 t gcesareni "Tr4 transactivation is inhibited via phosphorylation bymetformin-induced amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) at the amino acid serine 351, which results in the suppression of scd1 gene expression" SIGNOR-173118 LPCAT2 protein Q7L5N7 UNIPROT acyl-CoA(4-) chemical CHEBI:58342 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272767 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT CDCA8 protein Q53HL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr88 QALEEAAtADLDITE 9606 19530738 t lperfetto "First, we confirmed that wild-type borealin is phosphorylated at the previously described sites t88, t94, t169, and t230 when present in complex with survivin borealin might be a substrate for mps1. In the case of wild-type borealin, the fast exchange between the monomeric and dimeric forms may allow mps1 to phosphorylate the monomer. In turn, mps1 may regulate borealin function by unfolding the c-terminal domain and/or shifting the population to the monomeric form." SIGNOR-186151 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT REN protein P00797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18496514 t "Here, we show that a splice variant of the Wilms' tumor protein lacking three amino acids WT1(-KTS) suppresses renin gene transcription" SIGNOR-252296 NRP1 protein O14786 UNIPROT PHACTR1 protein Q9C0D0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21939755 f miannu "Recently, we identified a new Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A(165)-induced gene Phactr-1, (Phosphatase Actin Regulator-1). We found that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and VEGF-R1 depletion inhibited Phactr-1 mRNA expression while NRP-2 and VEGF-R2 depletion had no effect." SIGNOR-260061 STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C118 SIGNOR JAK1/STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C120 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 15284024 t lperfetto "Stimulation of EGFR induces Tyr701 phosphorylation of STAT1 and initiates complex formation of STAT1 and STAT3 with JAK1 and JAK2. Thereafter, the STATs translocate to the nucleus within 15 min." SIGNOR-235658 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr783 EGRNPGFyVEANPMP 9606 9176240 t gcesareni "In contrast, egf-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of plc-gamma 1 was rather small, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation of plc-gamma 1 is not proportional to changes in plc activity. These results suggest that autophosphorylation of theegfr may induce a conformational change of its kinase domain which enhances its kinase activity with exogenous substrates and may induce association with phospholipase c-gamma by increasing its affinity to a domain containing tyr-771." SIGNOR-48872 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1798 GQRKRLIsSVEDFTE 9606 BTO:0000007 15342917 t lperfetto "The mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-activated kinase, p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) 1, was found to interact with and phosphorylate tuberin at a regulatory site, ser-1798, located at the evolutionarily conserved c terminus of tuberin. Rsk1 phosphorylation of ser-1798 inhibits the tumor suppressor function of the tuberin/hamartin complex, resulting in increased mtor signaling to s6k1" SIGNOR-252801 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 26202215 t lperfetto "CDK3 was shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer and phosphorylate ERα at Ser104/116 and Ser118. Furthermore, we found that Mir-873 inhibits ER activity and cell growth via targeting CDK3" SIGNOR-273189 CyclinD1/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C143 SIGNOR G0/G1_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH219 SIGNOR up-regulates 12640120 f lperfetto "Transition through this point requires cdk6/4-cyclin D, since inhibition with TAT-p16INK4A during the first 3 to 5 h prevents cell cycle entry and maintains both naive and memory T cells in G0." SIGNOR-273192 MAGT1 protein Q9H0U3 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272071 AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14583461 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-118898 TAF1 protein P21675 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 VEEEPLNsEDDVSDE 9606 11278496 t lperfetto "Taf(ii) 250 phosphorylates human transcription factor iia on serine residues important for tbp binding and transcription activity." SIGNOR-105688 SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 19765191 t "P00441:p.Ala5Val (mutation causing interaction)" " This study provides a novel molecular mechanism by which mutant SOD1 can be recognized by p62 in an ubiquitin-independent fashion and targeted for the autophagy-lysosome degradation pathway." SIGNOR-262801 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ITGB3BP protein Q13352 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser28 SKITRKKsVITYSPT 9606 BTO:0000150 18521086 t lperfetto "Serine 28 phosphorylation of nrif3 confers its co-activator function for estrogen receptor-alpha transactivation. p21-activated protein kinase 1 (pak1) phosphorylates eralpha at ser305 and this modification is important in eralpha transactivation function." SIGNOR-178795 phenobarbital chemical CHEBI:8069 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000318 9727070 t miannu "The antihypercholesterolemic drug lovastatin also activated hPXR as did phenobarbital and the organochlorine pesticide transnonachlor (Fig. 4 A). Thus, hPXR is activated by a remarkably diverse group of synthetic compounds that are known to induce CYP3A4 gene expression (Fig. 4 C)." SIGNOR-258830 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR CUL7 protein Q14999 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243172 LLGL1 protein Q15334 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG1-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C511 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270911 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT MYH1 protein P12882 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 26042050 f lperfetto "the effects of the angiopoietins are not specific for vascular endothelial cells, as their receptors (Tie1, Tie2) are known to be expressed in hematopoietic cells and they have also recently been shown to be expressed in skeletal muscle cellsExogenous Ang-1 enhanced myogenic (MyoD and Myogenin) mRNA in differentiating myoblasts and increased myosin heavy chain protein." SIGNOR-241541 S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 28137827 t miannu "RAGE and TLR4 are well-characterized S100A8 and S100A9 receptors and expressed in AML cells. S100A9 binds to TLR4 and induces signaling pathways,promoting leukemic cell differentiation and proliferation arrest. Binding of S100A9 to TLR4 stimulates the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, which leads to the activation of c-Jun, CREB, and NF-kB." SIGNOR-261918 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23698634 f miannu "The expression of KDM4C gene was increased in spheres from colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and the knockdown (KD) of KDM4C eliminated colonosphere formation. KDM4C KD decreased the expression of JAG1 gene, and the downregulation of JAG1 gene recapitulated the impaired colonosphere formation." SIGNOR-254542 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser567 DSSRFPMsPRPDSVH 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249462 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 20404009 t Luana "Lurasidone was found to have potent binding affinity for dopamine D2, 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A), 5-HT7, 5-HT1A, and noradrenaline 2C receptors." SIGNOR-257842 PTGER2 protein P43116 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16293724 t gcesareni "Pge2 receptors are coupled to the g protein gs, which causes accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) and activates protein kinase a (pka), we confirmed that pge2 treatment or transfection of cells with the active catalytic subunit of pka also stimulated the activity of a camp-responsive-elementdriven reporter gene (cre-luc)." SIGNOR-141597 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PHB2 protein Q99623 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 15173318 t lperfetto "Akt binds prohibitin 2 and relieves its repression of myod and muscle differentiation" SIGNOR-252541 NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser464 NIPVRSNsFNNPLGN 9606 19927127 t lperfetto "Moreover, we show that nuak1 phosphorylates lats1 at s464 and this has a role in controlling its stabilitycells that constitutively express nuak1 suffer gross aneuploidies and show diminished expression of the genomic stability regulator lats1" SIGNOR-161792 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT TPSAB1 protein Q15661 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000830 20513998 t lperfetto "The transcription of tryptase gene in human mast cells is regulated by mi transcription factor |Using mutant constructs of tryptase promoter, we observed that two E-box (CANNTG) motifs including between -817 to -715 and -421 to -202 are able to involve in the transactivation of tryptase gene by MITF-A." SIGNOR-251725 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "prostaglandin G2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:82629 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 7592599 t Luana "[14C]Arachidonate metabolism by oPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2 was examined in reactions with a series of GSP/Cox ratios (Fig. 3). The principal metabolite for both isoforms was the endoperoxide PGH2, with lesser amounts of PGF2a, PGE2, PGD2," SIGNOR-269770 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 12792650 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Inhibition of caspase-9 through phosphorylation at Thr 125 by ERK MAPK|The opposing protein kinase activity is overcome by treatment with the broad-specificity kinase inhibitor staurosporine or with inhibitors of MEK1/2" SIGNOR-270222 DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fission phenotype SIGNOR-PH143 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 17301055 f Barakat "Mitotic phosphorylation of dynamin-related GTPase Drp1 participates in mitochondrial fission" SIGNOR-274132 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-236551 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19740771 t gcesareni "We found that gsk3beta inhibits maml1 transcriptional activity by directly targeting the n-terminal domain of maml1" SIGNOR-187896 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT PPP1R12B protein O60237 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr646 ARQTRRStQGVTLTD 9606 22937917 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ppp1r12b on threonine 646 by rho kinase inhibits the activity of the pp1c-ppp1r12b complex." SIGNOR-198812 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT MTHFR protein P42898 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18065414 f lperfetto "The induction of MTHFR was also observed after overexpression of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) and was inhibited by a dominant-negative mutant of IRE1. Because IRE1 triggers c-Jun signaling, we examined the possible involvement of c-Jun in up-regulation of MTHFR. Transfection of c-Jun and two activators of c-Jun (LiCl and sodium valproate) increased MTHFR expression" SIGNOR-253147 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31225475 f miannu "L3MBTL2 links RNF8 and RNF168 in the DNA double strand break response. The protein kinase ATM phosphorylates L3MBTL2, which recruits it to the DNA lesion by promoting the interaction between MDC1 and L3MBTL2. L3MBTL2 is subsequently ubiquitinated by RNF8, which acts as a docking site for RNF168, thereby recruiting the ubiquitin ligase to the damage site. RNF168, in turn, ubiquitinates H2A-type histones to amplify the DNA damage response and recruit downstream DNA repair proteins for proper DSB signaling." SIGNOR-266790 P2RY2 protein P41231 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‚Äê and di‚Äê methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-265342 IL1RAP protein Q9NPH3 UNIPROT TOLLIP protein Q9H0E2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10854325 t lperfetto "Binding of IL-1 to its receptor results in rapid assembly of a membrane-proximal signalling complex that consists of two different receptor chains (IL-1Rs), IL-1RI and IL-1RAcP, the adaptor protein MyD88, the serine/threonine kinase IRAK and a new protein, which we have named Tollip. Here we show that, before IL-1β treatment, Tollip is present in a complex with IRAK, and that recruitment of Tollip–IRAK complexes to the activated receptor complex occurs through association of Tollip with IL-1RAcP. Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (and IL-1Rs)" SIGNOR-251979 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT RXRG protein P48443 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-16466 GCK protein P35557 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266448 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser192 VNSVRRKsCLVKEVE 9606 23055517 t lperfetto "Here we found that mcak is a cognate substrate of pak1 wherein pak1 phosphorylates mcak on serines 192 and 111 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that pak1 phosphorylation of mcak on serines 192 and 111 preferentially regulates its microtubule depolymerization activity and localization to centrosomes" SIGNOR-199084 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT USP20 protein Q9Y2K6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 25355518 t miannu "USP20 phosphorylation by ATR is important for its stabilization and checkpoint activation" SIGNOR-272822 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 14701738 t miannu "Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels by Gem requires GTP and calmodulin binding, but not phosphorylation of serine 261 or 289. Calmodulin binding in the C-terminal extension of Gem is required for maximal inhibition of HVA Ca2+ channels by ectopically expressed Gem, as determined by measurement of electrical activity in primary neurons and by Ca2+-evoked secretion in PC12 cells." SIGNOR-261716 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 3063839 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Cytokines, notably TNF and IL-1, suppress synthesis of lipoprotein lipase which decreases the rate of TGFA clearance." SIGNOR-251853 BRIP1 protein Q9BX63 UNIPROT "BRCA1-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C298 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "Another BRCA1 complex, the BRCA1–B complex containing BRCA1/TopBP1 and BACH1 (also known and BRIP1/FANCJ) has been reported to play a role in HR and S‐phase cell cycle arrest. The exact role of this complex in HR remains unclear, although it is assumed that BACH1, a DNA helicase, contributes to end resection (possibly through its helicase activity) and RPA loading, whereas TopBP1 is required for ATR activation and subsequent S‐phase checkpoint activation" SIGNOR-263219 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr455 ALGTPVLtPPTEAAS 9606 15538382 t lperfetto "Upon treatment of cells with h2o2, the small gtpase ral is activated and this results in a jnk-dependent phosphorylation of foxo4 on threonine 447 and threonine 451. This ral-mediated, jnk-dependent phosphorylation is involved in the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of foxo4 after h2o2 treatment." SIGNOR-130385 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000298 8974401 t lperfetto "A MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), termed ASK1, was identified that activated two different subgroups of MAP kinase kinases (MAPKK), SEK1 (or MKK4) and MKK3/MAPKK6 (or MKK6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK, also known as JNK; c-Jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subgroups of MAP kinases, respectively." SIGNOR-45353 AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT CYP1A1 protein P04798 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 9865727 t "Resveratrol inhibits transcription of CYP1A1 in vitro by preventing activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor|These data demonstrate that resveratrol inhibits CYP1A1 expression in vitro, and that it does this by preventing the binding of the AHR to promoter sequences that regulate CYP1A1 transcription." SIGNOR-253639 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT RAB11FIP1 protein Q6WKZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser234 QKTPLSQsMSVLPTS -1 28396819 t done miannu "We have now found that MARK2 phosphorylates Rab11-FIP1B/C at serine 234 in a consensus site similar to that previously identified in Rab11-FIP2." SIGNOR-273676 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT HOXD11 protein P31277 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25301728 f miannu "Knockdown of pou2f1 significantly reduced expression of hoxd10 and d11" SIGNOR-205564 TRIM28 protein Q13263 UNIPROT FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000594 28394358 t lperfetto "In this study, we demonstrated that the tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) binds directly to and promotes FBP1 for ubiquitination and degradation. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-C2, which are known to be overexpressed in HCC, can enhance TRIM28-dependent degradation of FBP1 by forming ubiquitin ligase complexes with TRIM28." SIGNOR-267591 Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates BTO:0001103 23209147 f apalma "The Wnt–FZD–LRP5/6 trimeric complex recruits Dishevelled (DVL) and Axin through the intracellular domains of FZD and LRP5/6, resulting in inhibition of β-catenin phosphorylation and thus ensuing β-catenin stabilization." SIGNOR-255687 SST protein P61278 UNIPROT SSTR4 protein P31391 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10433861 t gcesareni "The five receptor subtypes bind the natural SST peptides, SST-14 and SST-28, with low nanomolar affinity." SIGNOR-82496 vismodegib chemical CHEBI:66903 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 21041712 t gcesareni "Cyclopamine with improved solubility (ipi-926), smo inhibitors that considerably differ in structure from cyclopamine (gdc-0499, lde225, bms-833923, xl-139, pf-0449913), inhibitors of the transformation of inactive smo into active smo (sant 74-75), and inhibitors of the transport of cytoplasmic inactive smo to cilia (sant 1-4) have been developed to date." SIGNOR-169194 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1035 NMDAPPLsPYPFVRT 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130. all three residues selectively targeted by cdk4(6), t401 (n-terminus), s672 (spacer region) and s1035 (c-terminus)" SIGNOR-104711 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT EPS8 protein Q12929 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr535 LKTQPKKyAKSKYDF 9606 BTO:0000007 28214294 t miannu "Eps8 which was identified by this method is phosphorylated by Myr-PTK6 in HEK293 cells. Mouse Eps8 expressed in HEK293 cells is phosphorylated by Myr-PTK6 at residues Tyr497, Tyr524, and Tyr534. These results indicate that plasma-membrane-associated PTK6 phosphorylates Eps8, which promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration and, thus, tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-263191 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr514 TTTPKGGtPAGSARG 10116 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-146015 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 8242752 t lperfetto "The ability of p53 to activate transcription from specific sequences suggests that genes induced by p53 may mediate its biological role as a tumor suppressor. Using a subtractive hybridization approach, we identified a gene, named WAF1, whose induction was associated with wild-type but not mutant p53 gene expression in a human brain tumor cell line. The WAF1 gene was localized to chromosome 6p21.2, and its sequence, structure, and activation by p53 was conserved in rodents." SIGNOR-37145 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 22863277 f milica "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2, thereby activating yap and taz transcription coactivators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-198550 UBA2 protein Q9UBT2 UNIPROT "SAE1/SAE2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C294 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 15660128 t lperfetto "E1 enzymes facilitate conjugation of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins through adenylation, thioester transfer within E1, and thioester transfer from E1 to E2 conjugating proteins. Structures of human heterodimeric Sae1/Sae2-Mg.ATP and Sae1/Sae2-SUMO-1-Mg.ATP complexes were determined at 2.2 and 2.75 A resolution, respectively." SIGNOR-263004 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 11994312 f "To define a mechanism for repression of AR function, we demonstrate that AR activity is specifically down-regulated by the histone deacetylase activity of HDAC1. Furthermore, using both mammalian two-hybrid and immunoprecipitation experiments, we show that AR and HDAC1 interact, suggestive of a direct role for down-regulation of AR activity by HDAC1. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we provide evidence that AR, Tip60, and HDAC1 form a trimeric complex upon the endogenous AR-responsive PSA promoter, suggesting that acetylation and deacetylation of the AR is an important mechanism for regulating transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-253666 MIR1-1 mirna URS000075CF56_9606 RNAcentral PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 24708856 t irozzo "In this study, bioinformatic prediction combined with pathway analysis and validation by qRT-PCR revealed that miR-155 expression positively correlates with the expression of the AP-1 genes c-JUN and FOS, which are known to induce myeloid differentiation" SIGNOR-256124 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser215 DRNTFRHsVVVPYEP 9606 22611192 t gcesareni "We show that aurora b phosphorylates p53 at s183, t211, and s215 to accelerate the degradation of p53 through the polyubiquitination-proteasome pathway, thus functionally suppressing the expression of p53 target genes involved in cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis (e.g., p21 and puma)." SIGNOR-197602 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004299 12684058 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 activate alpha-ENaC2 transcription through a GC-rich element (Sp1-binding site) in the promoter. Sp1 and Sp3 are essential for alpha-ENaC2 transcription in lung epithelial cells and that dephosphorylation of the Sp transcription factors by PP1 suppresses alpha-ENaC2 expression." SIGNOR-251951 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2609 LTPMFVEtQASQGTL 9606 12186630 t lperfetto "We have identified seven in vitro autophosphorylation sites in DNA-PKcs. Six of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2620, Ser2624, Thr2638 and Thr2647) are clustered in a region of 38 amino acids in the central region of the protein. Five of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638, Thr2647 and Ser3205) are conserved between six vertebrate species. Moreover, we show that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated in vivo at Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638 and Thr2647 in okadaic acid-treated human cells. | Thus phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at one or more of the autophosphorylation sites identified in this study is likely to be required for DNA-PKcs function." SIGNOR-249154 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 PQSNIPEtPPPGYLS 9606 15241418 t lperfetto "We have mapped CDK4 and CDK2 phosphorylation sites to Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 in Smad3. Mutation of the CDK phosphorylation sites increases Smad3 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-232146 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr280 VEFMCKVySDPQPHI 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Fgfr signaling is under the control of tyrosine phosphorylation to elicit activation of cellular signaling cascades. Ligand binding induces receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation. Fgfr1 contains eleven tyrosine residues (tyr154, tyr280, tyr307, tyr463, tyr585, tyr605, tyr653, tyr654, tyr730 and tyr766), some of which are directly involved regulating the activity of the receptor and others bind to activate substrates leading to the activation of various transduction pathways." SIGNOR-98626 acadesine chemical CHEBI:28498 ChEBI AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16879084 t lperfetto "The activation of the ampk pathway by exendin-4 was induced by aicar, which was inhibited by compound c." SIGNOR-217478 ARID2 protein Q68CP9 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t lperfetto "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-241756 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT TUBA1A protein Q71U36 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. GDNF down-regulates doublecortin, Paf-ah1b (Lis1), dynamin, and a-tubulin, which are involved in neocortical lamination and cytoskeletal reorganization." SIGNOR-252174 CELF6 protein Q96J87 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 31534127 t miannu "CELF6 binds to the 3'UTR of p21 transcript and increases its mRNA stability. Depletion of CELF6 promotes cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and colony formation whereas overexpression of CELF6 induces G1 phase arrest." SIGNOR-269044 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser236 DDSGTEEs 9606 11546811 t lperfetto "The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, cdc34, has been implicated in the ubiquitination of a number of vertebrate substrates, including p27(kip1), ikappabalpha, wee1, and myod. We show that mammalian cdc34 is a phosphoprotein that is phosphorylated in proliferating cells. Phosphorylation of cdc34 by the associated kinase maps predominantly to residues 203 and 222. Mutation of cdc34 at ck2-targeted residues, ser-203, ser-222, ser-231, thr-233, and ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of cdc34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized cdc34 to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-110403 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001225 19060929 t lperfetto "The recombinant human aurka protein phosphorylated the gsk-3beta protein at ser 9 in a concentration-dependent manner, in vitro. The phosphorylation of beta-catenin (ser33/37/thr41) by gsk-3beta is known to target beta-catenin towards degradation. In line with our findings, the increase in phospho-gsk-3beta level was accompanied by a significant decrease in beta-catenin phosphorylation (ser33/37/thr41) and accumulation of beta-catenin protein." SIGNOR-227923 PFAS protein O15067 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The first two reactions catalyzed by TGART are sequential and produce FGAR, which is then acted upon by the third enzyme in the pathway, formylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS/FGAMS).The transferred ammonia is then used to convert FGAR to FGAM. The FGAMS protein exhibits interesting biophys ical properties and will be covered later in this review. The FGAM produced by FGAMS is then converted into AIR by the AIRS domain of TGART, resulting in a five membered ring closure." SIGNOR-267312 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT LEFTY2 protein O00292 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254940 BMS-754807 chemical CHEBI:88339 ChEBI IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001802 19996272 t lperfetto "BMS-754807, a small molecule inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1R/IR" SIGNOR-262027 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser432 SAYGGLTsPGLSYSL 16554440 t lperfetto "Also, several probable in vivo K8 kinases have been identified including Erk1/2 for K8 Ser431 (Ku and Omary, 1997), and p38 and Jun kinases for K8 Ser73 (Ku et al., 2002a; He et al., 2002)." SIGNOR-249468 CRIPAK protein Q8N1N5 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0000149 16278681 t gcesareni "We further found that cripak interacted with pak1 through the n-terminal regulatory domain and inhibited pak1 kinase in both in vitro and in vivo assays." SIGNOR-141467 P2RY10 protein O00398 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257121 PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 11895474 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "In vitro analyses revealed that vimentin served as an excellent substrate for PAK. This phosphorylated vimentin lost the potential to form 10 nm filaments. We identified Ser25, Ser38, Ser50, Ser65 and Ser72 in the amino-terminal head domain as the major phosphorylation sites on vimentin for PAK.¬†" SIGNOR-269975 "diisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:35459 ChEBI "monoisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:132593 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 33125036 t miannu "The primary metabolite of DiNP is monoisononyl-phthalate (MiNP) and the secondary metabolites include three oxidative derivatives of DiNP, which have been identified mainly in urine: mono-oxoisononyl phthalate (MOINP or oxo-MiNP), mono-carboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCIOP, MCOP or cx-MiNP), and mono-hydroxyisononyl phthalate (MHINP or OH-MiNP)." SIGNOR-268771 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" dephosphorylation Ser657 QSDFEGFsYVNPQFV 9606 BTO:0000067 18162466 t gcesareni "In addition, knockdown of PHLPP expression reduces the rate of phorbol ester-triggered dephosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif, but not turn motif, of PKC alpha" SIGNOR-237043 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser31 ALRLLDSsQIVIISA 10090 BTO:0001372 11459832 t lperfetto "These results thus suggest that this serine 31 residue is indeed an atm/atr phosphorylation site and in fact is the major site for atm/atr-mediated phosphorylation within e2f1. Thus, it is possible that the atm/atr-mediated phosphorylation inhibits the binding and function of skp2 and thus prevents the normal degradation of e2f1" SIGNOR-109420 IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11278538 t miannu "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-260335 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Thr331 CTPVVTCtPSCTAYT 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252353 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT PAWR protein Q96IZ0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24992930 t miannu "Fbxo45 interacts with Par-4 in the cytoplasm and mediates its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Fbxo45 silencing results in stabilization of Par-4 with increased apoptosis.Fbxo45 forms an atypical ubiquitin ligase complex that contains Skp1 and the Ring-finger protein PAM (protein-associated with myc) also known as MYCBP2 (myc-binding protein 2)." SIGNOR-272223 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLPRPE 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-141424 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 9856458 t lperfetto "Two substrates of trk kinases, raps and sh2-b. raps and sh2-b mediate trk signaling in developing neurons" SIGNOR-62619 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR down-regulates -1 10224115 f "G protein alpha subunits Gi1alpha, Gsalpha, and Goalpha are shown to activate the GTPase activity of tubulin, inhibit microtubule assembly, and accelerate microtubule dynamics." SIGNOR-256523 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser332 STPKSKQsPISTPTS 9606 14741103 t llicata "In order to determine the sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5, serine or threonine in the nine potential sites were substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to create mutant Dcx proteins. hese were analyzed by co-transfection of 293T cells with cdk5/p35. All-sites-A mutant Dcx showed no slower migrating species on Western analysis, indicating that removal of all nine possible sites is sufficient to block the phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35. However, each single mutant Dcx retains the slower migrating species similar to the wild-type Dcx, suggesting that any single mutation is not sufficient to block phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35." SIGNOR-250667 STAT4 protein Q14765 UNIPROT PRF1 protein P14222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000914 12372421 f miannu "IL-12-induced expression of the perforin gene in NK cells is directly regulated by STAT4, which binds, most likely as a homo-tetramer, to the tandem STAT-binding sequences in the perforin gene promoter." SIGNOR-255245 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr716 RPPSAELySNALPVG -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254715 Osmotic_stress stimulus SIGNOR-ST28 SIGNOR HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000312 33172210 f "We found that osmotic stress robustly induced nuclear loss of TDP-43, SPFQ, FUS, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPK, with characteristic changes in nucleocytoplasmic localisation in an RBP-dependent manne" SIGNOR-262816 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1927 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120068 BVES protein Q8NE79 UNIPROT VAMP3 protein Q15836 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20057356 t llicata "Taken together, these data demonstrate that Bves interacts with VAMP3 and facilitates receptor recycling both in vitro and during early development." SIGNOR-237771 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17343824 f miannu "We found 59 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes in the K562-SATB1 cells that were not observed in the K562 cells. Partial genes that have special biological functions are listed in Table 1." SIGNOR-255135 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CD300LF protein Q8TDQ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr236 VDQVEVEyVTMASLP 17202342 t lperfetto "Y236 (YVTM) and Y263 (YCNM) fit with the consensus motif reported to bind the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K (16). |The association between IREM-1 and p85α was only perceived in the presence of c-Fyn, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of IREM-1 cytoplasmic tail of IREM-1 was required for the interaction." SIGNOR-275619 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK -1 2449432 t lperfetto "We identified the major autophosphorylation sites in the insulin receptor and correlated their phosphorylation with the phosphotransferase activity of the receptor on synthetic peptides. We conclude that 1) autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor begins by phosphorylation of Tyr-1146 and either Tyr-1150 or Tyr-1151;" SIGNOR-106510 HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257340 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC4 protein P04908 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265397 NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11404076 t gcesareni "Both notch 1 and notch 3 ics displace the co-repressor smrt from the dna-binding protein rbp-j kappa on the hes promoter. The latter observation suggests that both notch 3 ic and notch 1 ic can access rbp-j kappa in vivo, and that the difference in activation capacity instead stems from structural differences in the two ics when positioned on rbp-j kappa." SIGNOR-86128 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr589 SHDSEENyVPMNPNL 10090 BTO:0000944 10978177 t "HGab-1 was phosphorylated by IR at eight tyrosine residues (Y242, Y285, Y373, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). t Gab-1 is the major binding partner of PI-3 kinase in 3T3L1 cells when stimulated with insulin" SIGNOR-251315 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004730 16239140 t irozzo "We demonstrate here that oncogenic MLL fusion proteins retain an ability to stably associate with menin through a high-affinity, amino-terminal, conserved binding motif and that this interaction is required for the initiation of MLL-mediated leukemogenesis.These results demonstrate that a human oncoprotein is critically dependent on direct physical interaction with a tumor suppressor protein for its oncogenic activity[...]." SIGNOR-255866 SLIT2 protein O94813 UNIPROT ROBO2 protein Q9HCK4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 16226035 t miannu "This observation suggests that Slit2 may require the Robo2 and Robo3 receptors in this process . Slit2 causes the miRNA miR-182 to release cofilin1 mRNA, potentiating cofilin1 local translation and resulting in growth cone collapse. The use of morpholinos or RNAi to knockdown robo2 and robo3 in X. laevis RGCs, would be useful to further confirm that Robo2 and Robo3 are the receptors involved in Slit2-dependent cofilin1 translation." SIGNOR-268380 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser115 PAPSSFSsTSVSSLE 9606 15448698 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-129414 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15126506 t lperfetto "We provide evidence that the acetyltransferase creb-binding protein (cbp) binds foxo resulting in acetylation of foxo. This acetylation inhibits foxo transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-124711 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT UBE2R2 protein Q712K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser233 DCYDDDDsGNEES 9606 12037680 t lperfetto "Ck2-dependent phosphorylation of the e2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme ubc3b induces its interaction with beta-trcp and enhances beta-catenin degradation" SIGNOR-88050 OFD1 protein O75665 UNIPROT IFT88 protein Q13099 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001086 20230748 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "Ofd1 acts at the distal centriole to build distal appendages, recruit Ift88, and stabilize centriolar microtubules at a defined length." SIGNOR-251973 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Dyrk1a phosphorylates tau at least at s202, t212 and s404, but t212 phosphorylation is known to initiate tau hyperphosphorylation by gsk3b (ryoo et al., 2007;woods et al., 2001) and has been demonstrated to have a role in alternative splicing of taumrna" SIGNOR-171030 frovatriptan chemical CHEBI:134991 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9986723 t miannu "As far as the selectivity against the 5-HT1A receptor, compound 10 shows similar selectivity as VML-251 (4) but has slightly lower selectivity as compared to sumatriptan (1), naratriptan (2), and rizatriptan (3). Although none of the 5-HT1D receptor agonists in the current study demonstrate as good selectivity versus the 5-HT1B receptor, the N-methyl-5-tert-butyltryptamine (10) remains the most selective (4-fold)." SIGNOR-259073 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10934467 t gcesareni "Here we show that the documented anti-apoptotic effect of the principal heat-shock protein, hsp70, is mediated through its direct association with the caspase-recruitment domain (card) of apaf-1 and through apoptosome formation" SIGNOR-80451 HECTD1 protein Q9ULT8 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22431752 t Monia "We demonstrate that Hectd1 is a functional ubiquitin ligase and that one of its substrates is Hsp90, a chaperone protein with both intra- and extracellular clients. Identification of Hsp90 in both proteomic screens suggested that members of the Hsp90 superfamily may be substrates of Hectd1. Myc-Hectd1ANK and HA-Hsp90bd (the fragment identified in the yeast two-hybrid screen) bind in an in vitro binding assay (Fig. 3 D) and when coexpressed in HEK293T cells. Hectd1 is required for K63-linked Ubn of Hsp90. Together, these results demonstrate that Hectd1-dependent Ubn of Hsp90 targets it away from the membrane and the secretory pathway." SIGNOR-261199 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1235 DMYDKEYySVHNKTG 9606 18819921 t gcesareni "We have identified ptp1b and tcptp as negative regulators of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, the met receptor-tyrosine kinase. In vivo, loss of ptp1b or tcptp enhances hepatocyte growth factor-mediated phosphorylation of met." SIGNOR-181335 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-136 is the major phosphoacceptor site for akt;akt can weakly phosphorilate ser-155." SIGNOR-81114 SRP54 protein P61011 UNIPROT U2AF1/U2AF2 complex SIGNOR-C78 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8816452 t Monia "We have now demonstrated that p54 interacts not only with SC35 and ASF/SF2 but also with U2AF. Pairwise interactions between p54 and other RS domain-containing spliceosomal proteins in comparison with SC35 and ASF/SF2 as detected by the yeast two-hybrid interaction assay. . It is conceivable that p54 can mediate 59 and 39 splice site interaction by interacting directly with U2AF65 associated with the 39 splice site and at the same time interact with other SR proteins, such as ASF/SF2 and SC35, which in turn interact with U1-70K. In this scenario, p54 is different from SC35 or ASF/SF2 in that it cannot directly interact with the 59 component (U1-70K) but can interact with the protein associated with the 39 splice site (U2AF65)." SIGNOR-261162 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser137 PVSSPQSsPRLPRRP 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-198130 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20086235 f "Both NF-κBs bind to a conserved DNA motif (80) that is found in numerous IL-1–responsive genes, in particular the ones encoding IκBα (81), IL-6 (82), IL-8 (18, 83,84), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) (28), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)" SIGNOR-254511 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17609368 f gcesareni "Pgc-1alpha protein is required for ampk action on glut4 gene expression and mitochondrial function." SIGNOR-156769 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BIRC8 protein Q96P09 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270957 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT WIPF1 protein O43516 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser488 RNESRSGsNRRERGA -1 12504004 t lperfetto "TCR engagement also causes PKCtheta-dependent phosphorylation of WIP, causing the disengagement of WASP from the WIP-WASP complex, thereby releasing it from WIP inhibition. These results suggest that the ZAP-70-CrkL-WIP pathway and PKCtheta link TCR to WASP activation. | These results suggest that phosphorylation at S488 disrupts WIP binding to WASP." SIGNOR-249181 GPC4 protein O75487 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22302992 t gcesareni "Gpc4 bound to wnt3a and wnt5a which activate the beta-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively, and colocalized with wnts on the cell surface. Expression of gpc4 enhanced the wnt3a-dependent beta-catenin pathway and the wnt5a-dependent beta-catenin-independent pathway, and knockdown of gpc4 suppressed both pathways" SIGNOR-195749 ACO2 protein Q99798 UNIPROT D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Citrate is converted to cis-aconitate. This is catalyzed by aconitase. Cis-aconitate is an intermediate and is further converted to isocitrate by aconitase. Aconitase is involved in both reactions. In which first dehydration and then rehydration occur and as a result final product isocitrate is obtained." SIGNOR-266246 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr118 AGPLIVPyNLPLPGG 9606 20150913 t llicata "The sh (src homology)3 domains of c-abl/arg bind to a p(80)gppsgp motif of gal3, and tyr79 and tyr118 are the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites. A consequence of this interaction and phosphorylation is the significant impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagy of gal3." SIGNOR-163743 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 11896587 t llicata "These findings strongly suggest that jnks are the major direct signaling mediators of uvb-induced p53 phosphorylation at serine 20. furthermore, phosphorylation of p53 at serine 20 by uvb-activated jnks and uvb-induced p53-dependent transcriptional activity were suppressed in jnk1 or jnk2 knockout (jnk1(-/-) or jnk2(-/-)) cells." SIGNOR-115835 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT TFF1 protein P04155 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 11517191 f "ER beta and ER alpha induced the expression of several endogenous genes such as pS2, TGF alpha, or the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 but, in contrast to ER alpha, ER beta was unable to regulate c-myc proto-oncogene expression" SIGNOR-253938 INHBA protein P08476 UNIPROT ACVR2A protein P27037 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 1646080 t gcesareni "A protein of 494 amino acids comprising a ligand-binding extracellular domain, a single membrane-spanning domain, and an intracellular kinase domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. 125I-activin A binds to transfected COS cells with an affinity of 180 pM and can be competed by activin A, activin B, and inhibin A, but not by transforming growth factor beta 1." SIGNOR-235138 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 GSRRGRAtPAQTPRS 9606 BTO:0000567 12714602 t lperfetto "We report here that human mcm4, a subunit of the putative dna replicative helicase, is extensively phosphorylated in hela cells when they are incubated in the presence of inhibitors of dna synthesis or are exposed to uv irradiation. The data presented here indicate that the consecutive actions of atr-chk1 and cdk2 kinases are involved in this phosphorylation in the presence of hydroxyurea. Phosphorylation of t19 correlates with lowered level of dna helicase activity of the purified mcm4,6,7 complex." SIGNOR-100893 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257695 GSDMD protein P57764 UNIPROT Pyroptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH105 SIGNOR up-regulates cleavage:Asp275 CLHNFLTdGVPAEGA 26375003 f lperfetto "These results establish that proteolytic cleavage at Asp275 in GSDMDis sufficient to instructmammalian cells to undergo pyroptosis" SIGNOR-256416 MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264690 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1966 TPEKTDMtPSTTSPP 9606 BTO:0000938 32599005 t lperfetto "Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3beta) phosphorylates the Nav1.2C-terminal tail at T1966, suppressing Na+ currents and channel trafficking to the plasma membrane" SIGNOR-275748 "bisphenol F" chemical CHEBI:34575 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity. Here, we evaluated the endocrine-disrupting risks of the bisphenols by investigating their agonist and antagonist activities with the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors. Our results showed that BPA, BPS, and BPF (BPs) have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities and decrease the ERα protein level. ." SIGNOR-268734 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-252312 SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT NXF1 protein Q9UBU9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C303 28831067 t lperfetto "SUN1, a component of the LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, functions in mammalian mRNA export through the NXF1-dependent pathway. It associates with mRNP complexes by direct interaction with NXF1." SIGNOR-263296 SP7 protein Q8TDD2 UNIPROT Osteoblast_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH9 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 11792318 f "Giulio Giuliani" "Our results established that the novel transcription factor Osx is required for osteoblast differentiation and hence for bone formation." SIGNOR-255449 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT ACAT1 protein P24752 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr407 HALKQGEyGLASICN 9606 BTO:0001545 34289383 t "in mitochondria" lperfetto "We previously reported that the mitochondrial fraction of FLT3 activates acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase ACAT1 in mitochondria via Y407 phosphorylation to acetylate and inhibit mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase A (PDHA) and PDH phosphatase 1 (PDP1) " SIGNOR-267628 MCU protein Q8NE86 UNIPROT MCU_MICUB_variant complex SIGNOR-C499 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270862 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19165418 f lperfetto "Several lines of evidence have suggested that these genes are indeed direct notch target genes: a) the promoters of hes1, hes5 and hes7 as well as hey1, hey2 and heyl subfamily of hes, related with yrpw motif) can be activated by a constitutive active form of notch1." SIGNOR-183507 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser764 LQSASSHsPTPQRRP 10116 20496096 t "CaN is activated, targeting a set of proteins for dephosphorylation, including dynamin II |We have recently discovered that the ubiquitously expressed dynamin isoform, dynII, is phosphorylated at S764 specifically during mitosis (unpublished data). We now show that S764 is phosphorylated throughout mitosis and is dephosphorylated at the time of cytokinesis(dynII)." SIGNOR-248677 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CEP55 protein Q53EZ4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser436 PTAALNEsLVECPKC 9606 16198290 t lperfetto "Upon mitotic entry, centrosome dissociation of cep55 is triggered by erk2/cdk1-dependent phosphorylation at s425 and s428. s425/428 phosphorylation is required for interaction with plk1, enabling phosphorylation of cep55 at s436...enabling it to relocate to the midbody to function in mitotic exit and cytokinesis." SIGNOR-140898 KLHL2 protein O95198 UNIPROT WNK2 protein Q9Y3S1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272120 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PARVA protein Q9NVD7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser8 MATSPQKsPSVPKSP 9606 BTO:0001938 22955285 t lperfetto "Actopaxin (alpha-parvin) is a paxillin, integrin-linked kinase, and F-actin binding focal adhesion protein with several serine phosphorylation sites in the amino terminus that contribute to the regulation of cell spreading and migration.|Actopaxin phosphorylation of Ser4/8 enhances cell migration whereas a nonphosphorylatable (Quint) mutant suppresses migration in U2OS osteosarcoma cells (7)." SIGNOR-265759 ARID1B protein Q8NFD5 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t lperfetto "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-241713 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251620 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser439 EPGTATGsGIKSHNS 9606 15574499 t amattioni "Ikkbeta phosphorylates dok1 s(439)s(443) and s(446)s(450) after tnf-alpha, il-1, or gamma-radiation. mutant dok1 a(439), a(443), a(446), and a(450) differed from wild-type dok1 in not inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation or cell growth. Mutant dok1 a(439), a(443), a(446), and a(450) also did not promote cell motility whereas wild-type dok1 promoted cell motility." SIGNOR-131447 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 BTO:0000150 SIGNOR-C14 15084260 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase promotes tumorigenesis through inhibition of forkhead foxo3a. The tnf treatment of ht-29 cells increased ikk-dependent foxo3 ser644 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252893 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 SIGNOR-C6 16382138 t gcesareni "Rela is also acetylated at several sites by p300 and cbp" SIGNOR-143396 SPATA13 protein Q96N96 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260576 CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24098653 t fspada "Binding of the py site in cd28 (py-m-n-m) by pi3k and grb2 through their sh2 domains is a key step that triggers the cd28 signal transduction for t cell activation and differentiation" SIGNOR-202706 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT FMR1 protein Q06787 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 "BTO:0001363; BTO:0000142" 11058604 f miannu "We have also shown that USF1, USF2, and alpha-Pal/Nrf-1 are the major transcription factors that bind the promoter in brain and testis extracts and suggest that elevated levels of these factors account in part for elevated FMR1 expression in these organs." SIGNOR-254882 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr514 SVTPKTVtPASSAKT 9606 phosphorylation:Ser522 PASSAKTsPAKQQAP 25040932 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and DYRK2 phosphorylate CRMP2 and CRMP4, respectively, priming these proteins at S522 before their subsequent phosphorylation by GSK-3b at T509, T516 and S518|e CRMP2 phosphorylation by GSK-3b disrupts its interaction with tubulin (Yamashita & Goshima, 2012), leading to growth inhibition" SIGNOR-264840 DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17452440 t lperfetto "Mammalian det1 regulates cul4a activity and forms stable complexes with e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes" SIGNOR-154505 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269643 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu72 CSYEEAFeALESSTA -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263683 TNFAIP1 protein Q13829 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 19782033 t miannu "BACURDs form ubiquitin ligase complexes, which selectively ubiquitinate RhoA, with Cul3. Our studies reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoA degradation and regulating RhoA function in various biological contexts, which involves a Cul3/BACURD ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-264235 SOCS6 protein O14544 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 21030588 t miannu "Suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (socs6) is a member of the socs family of e3 ubiquitin ligases that can interact with c-kit and suppress c-kit-dependent pathways. / we demonstrate that socs6 has ubiquitin ligase activity toward c-kit and regulates c-kit protein turnover in cells" SIGNOR-169145 ALDH1A2 protein O94788 UNIPROT "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265126 DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT AIRE protein O43918 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20185822 t 1 miannu "The interaction between AIRE and DAXX has been validated by in vivo coimmunoprecipitation analysis and colocalization study in mammalian cells. The interaction has been further confirmed by showing in transactivation assays that DAXX exerts a strong repressive role on the transcriptional activity of AIRE." SIGNOR-239287 SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 14531860 t "Differential activities, subcellular distribution and tissue expression patterns of three members of Slingshot family phosphatases that dephosphorylate cofilin.|Cofilin, a key regulator of actin filament dynamics, is inactivated by phosphorylation at Ser-3 by LIM-kinases and is reactivated by dephosphorylation by a family of protein phosphatases, termed Slingshot (SSH)." SIGNOR-248762 NFYB protein P25208 UNIPROT GFI1B protein Q5VTD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19965638 f miannu "HMGB2 binds to the GFI1B promoter in vivo and up-regulates its trans-activation most likely by enhancing the binding of Oct-1 and, to a lesser extent, of GATA-1 and NF-Y to the GFI1B promoter." SIGNOR-254431 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257044 FBXO21 protein O94952 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 26299618 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that a ubiquitin E3-ligase, FBXO21, targets the multidrug resistance transporter, ABCB1, also known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), for proteasomal degradation.Purified in vitro translated FLAG-tagged P-gp along with E2 (UbcH5c), E3 ligase FBXO21, Cul1, Skp1, Roc1 purified from Sf-9 insect cells were incubated in vitro." SIGNOR-272424 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr326 EVLEDNDyGRAVDWW 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0001129 20606012 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that AKT is a direct substrate of PTK6 and that AKT tyrosine residues 315 and 326 are phosphorylated by PTK6." SIGNOR-166510 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr287 SMMHRQEtVECLKKF 2842767 t llicata "Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: identification of threonine-286 as the autophosphorylation site in the alpha subunit associated with the generation of Ca2+-independent activity." SIGNOR-250640 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr77 RASRLGTtRTPSSYG 9606 BTO:0000971 10574968 t lperfetto "We developed antibodies specifically recognizing the kinase-dependent phosphorylation of desmin at Thr-16, Thr-75, and Thr-76. With these antibodies, phosphorylation of desmin was observed specifically at the cleavage furrow in late mitotic Saos-2 cells. We then found that treatment of the interphase cells with calyculin A revealed phosphorylation at all the three sites of desmin" SIGNOR-249033 JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 21799768 f "Our results suggest that the prolonged IL-4 expression in NFAT1 deficient Th2 cells is mediated by preferential binding of JUNB/SATB1 to the IL-4 promoter with permissive chromatin architecture" SIGNOR-254503 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT STXBP2 protein Q15833 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr572 IGSSHILtPTRFLDD 9606 BTO:0000938 17716669 t lperfetto "It was shown that munc18 inhibition of neuronal syntaxin 1 can be overcome by cdk5 phosphorylation, indicating that structural change disrupts the syntaxin-munc18 interaction." SIGNOR-157528 EVL protein Q9UI08 UNIPROT Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18508258 f miannu "Here we review recent findings into Ena/VASP function in neurite initiation, axon outgrowth and guidance." SIGNOR-268391 CACNA1E protein Q15878 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 30849329 f miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission." SIGNOR-264327 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 9606 10816598 t miannu "Fak autophosphorylation site, tyr397. / extracellular matrix (ecm)-induced autophosphorylation of fak on tyr397 creates a high affinity binding site for the sh2 domain of c-src, and mutation (tyr to phe) of this residue inhibits association" SIGNOR-77434 HAUS7 protein Q99871 UNIPROT "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19369198 t lperfetto "Here, by using mass spectrometry, we identified the full human augmin complex of 8 subunits and show that it interacts with the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC)" SIGNOR-262318 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11287630 f lperfetto "Tumor necrosis factor (tnf) inhibited insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of irs-1 and activated the akt/protein kinase b serine-threonine kinase, a downstream target for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase" SIGNOR-106596 SLC34A1 protein Q06495 UNIPROT phosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000671 20335586 t lperfetto "Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous in-frame duplication of 21 bp in SLC34A1, which encodes the renal sodium-inorganic phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa," SIGNOR-270576 ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT ATG12/5/16L1 complex SIGNOR-C109 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18321988 t lperfetto "Atg12 is conjugated to atg5 and forms an approximately 800-kda protein complex with atg16l (referred to as atg16l complex)." SIGNOR-226696 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser398 WKRLRSHsRQYVSGL 9606 BTO:0000975 15107581 t "Translocation from Endosome to Lysosome" fspada "The peptide p9-s396a/s398a (both ser396 and ser398 to alanines) was phosphorylated only slightly or not phosphorylated by these kinases. Thus both ser396 and ser398 can be phosphorylated by camk ii and pkc" SIGNOR-124352 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 22298955 t lperfetto "Noggin binds the domain that is re-quired for bmp-7 to interact with bmp type i and type ii receptors.Noggin Inhibits bmp by blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type i and type ii receptors (pmid 12478285)" SIGNOR-192802 KLF8 protein O95600 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 10756197 t Luana "These results establish KLF8 as a CACCC-box binding protein that associates with CtBP and represses transcription." SIGNOR-266052 TCEA1 protein P23193 UNIPROT UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21127351 t miannu "We show that the e3 ubiquitin ligase ubr5 associates with the cdk9 subunit of positive transcription elongation factor b to mediate its polyubiquitination in human cells. Tfiis also binds ubr5 to stimulate cdk9 polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-170258 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT UBXN2B protein Q14CS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser56 PKATVFKsPRTPPQR 23500464 t lperfetto "At mitosis, Cdc2 kinase phosphorylates p47 on Serine-140 and p37 on Serine-56 and Threonine-59, respectively. The phosphorylated p47 and p37 are unable to bind to Golgi membranes, resulting in mitotic inhibition of the p97/p47 and the p97/p37 pathways, respectively." SIGNOR-265040 CDC42BPA protein Q5VT25 UNIPROT MYL2 protein P10916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 GANSNVFsMFEQTQI BTO:0000567 9418861 t llicata "These approximately 190-kDa myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinases (MRCKs) preferentially phosphorylate nonmuscle myosin light chain at serine 19, which is known to be crucial for activating actin-myosin contractility." SIGNOR-250723 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT UBC protein P0CG48 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 DYNIQKEsTLHLVLR 9606 BTO:0000938 24784582 t lperfetto "Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin|PINK1 phosphorylated ubiquitin at Ser65 both in vitro and in cells" SIGNOR-249691 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser40 RQPSPSPsPTERAPA 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t llicata "We report here that as(2)o(3) treatment induces phosphorylation of the pml protein through a mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase pathway. Increased pml phosphorylation is associated with increased sumoylation of pml and increased pml-mediated apoptosis." SIGNOR-124248 Olopatadine chemical CHEBI:7769 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257782 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser619 PTPPKRSsSFREMDG 9606 18161990 t lperfetto "The interaction of c-abl with the abl interactor protein abi2 is shown to be negatively regulated by phosphorylation of serines 637 and 638. These serines are adjacent to the pxxp motif (ptppkrs637s638sfr) that binds the sh3 domain of abi. phosphorylation of c-abl by pak2 inhibits the interaction between the sh3 domain of abi2 and the pxxp motif of c-abl." SIGNOR-160219 TSSK4 protein Q6SA08 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 BTO:0000007 15964553 t gcesareni "Tssk5, a novel member of the testis-specific serine/threonine kinase family, phosphorylates creb at ser-133, and stimulates the cre/creb responsive pathway." SIGNOR-138289 HBEGF protein Q99075 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 9135143 t gcesareni "It was concluded that her4 is a newly described receptor for hb-egf and that hb-egf can activate two egf receptor subtypes, her1 and her4, but with different biological response." SIGNOR-47881 ASPA protein P45381 UNIPROT "acetic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15366 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17194761 t miannu "N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) is one of the most abundant amino acid derivatives found in the vertebrate brain, second only to glutamate. Aspartoacylase catalyzes hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-aspartate to aspartate and acetate in the vertebrate brain." SIGNOR-267527 N-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-[[2-[4-[2-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxoethyl]anilino]-5-fluoro-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91365 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190029 GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268599 NUP98-HOXA9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP15 SIGNOR RBPMS protein Q93062 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17442773 f miannu "Over 102 cytoplasmic mRNAs were significantly altered in K562 myeloid leukemic cells transduced with NUP98‐HOXA9, 92 being increased and only 10 decreased. The gene for the RNA‐binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) was upregulated in NUP98‐HOXA9–transduced cord blood CD34+ cells and also in the transcriptosomes of normal CD34+ and CD133+ cells." SIGNOR-261503 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0002419 14633703 t "Here, we identify PP1 as a serine/threonine phosphatase that associates with and dephosphorylates AKT in breast cancer cells|The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin and the ErbB inhibitor ZD1839 promote rapid PP1 phosphatase-dependent inactivation of AKT in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-252605 PI4KB protein Q9UBF8 UNIPROT "phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37530 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9534 22253445 t lperfetto "Interestingly, we found that PI4P, the product of PI4KB catalysis, creates a lipid microenvironment that is required for SARS-CoV S-mediated entry." SIGNOR-260732 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT TENT2 protein Q6PIY7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser116 LSGERRYsMPPLFHT 9606 31057087 t miannu "We found that Gld2 activity is regulated by site-specific phosphorylation in its disordered N-terminal domain. We identified two phosphorylation sites (S62, S110) where phosphomimetic substitutions increased Gld2 activity and one site (S116) that markedly reduced activity. Using mass spectrometry, we confirmed that HEK 293 cells readily phosphorylate the N-terminus of Gld2. We identified protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase B (Akt1) as the kinases that site-specifically phosphorylate Gld2 at S116, abolishing Gld2-mediated nucleotide addition." SIGNOR-259403 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp403 WRDPDQTdGLGLSYL 9606 9671712 t miannu "We showed that human gelsolin was cleaved during Fas-mediated apoptosis in vivo and that the caspase-3 cleavage site of human gelsolin was at D352 of DQTD352G. gelsolin seems to have dual functions, i.e., it both prevents and, once cleaved, induces cell death." SIGNOR-256357 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr332 VNIMRTYtYEKLLWT 9606 BTO:0000938 24117889 t lperfetto "Camkii represses transcriptionally active _-catenin to mediate acute ethanol neurodegeneration and can phosphorylate _-catenincamkii can directly phosphorylate _-catenin. Using targeted mutagenesis we identified camkii phosphorylation sites within human _-catenin at t332, t472, and s552." SIGNOR-202829 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser279 KKLHKLLsYNLPLEL 9606 BTO:0000527 34929314 t lperfetto "Glucose deprivation induces the binding of choline kinase α2 (CHKα2) to lipid droplets, followed by a continuous PTMs to promote lipolysis of lipid droplets, which are in turn mediated by AMPK-dependent CHKα2 Serine 279 phosphorylation and KAT5-dependent CHKα2 Lysine 247 acetylation." SIGNOR-267647 DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT FRAT1 protein Q92837 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000671 12556519 t gcesareni "These results indicate that cki epsilon-dependent phosphorylation of dvl enhances the formation of a complex of dvl-1 with frat-1 and that this complex leads to the activation of the wnt signaling pathway." SIGNOR-97877 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR GLYR1 protein Q49A26 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys535 NEVYKRAkALDQSDN 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations." SIGNOR-272840 GRIK3 protein Q13003 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264944 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 VEIRSRHsSYPAGTE 9606 22096607 t lperfetto "Bad is a pro-apoptotic member of the bcl-2 family of proteins, which can be phosphorylated on numerous sites to modulate binding to bcl-2 and 14-3-3 proteins and inhibit its pro-apoptotic activities. Together, these findings demonstrate that pak1 phosphorylates bad directly at s111, but phosphorylated s112 through raf-1. These two sites of bad serve as redundant regulatory sites for bcl-2 binding" SIGNOR-177271 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT REL protein Q04864 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C68 16888014 t miannu "The present results demonstrate that ikkepsilon- and tbk1-mediated phosphorylation of crel in the c-terminal td leads to cytoplasmic dissociation of a crel-ikb_ complex and nuclear accumulation of crel." SIGNOR-148620 DIDO1 protein Q9BTC0 UNIPROT ITGA5 protein P08648 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001673 22469980 t Luana "Dido1 upregulates the expression of Integrin αV, thereby influencing the attachment, apoptosis and migration of melanoma cells." SIGNOR-261580 CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser243 TDSEVDSsCSGQPIH 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273022 GADD45B protein O75293 UNIPROT CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "Western blot analysis for SPDEF revealed that overexpression of GADD45α, β and γ prevents SPDEF degradation mediated by CDK11p58 |We identified CDK11p58 as an interaction partner of GADD45α by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. We corroborated these data by co-immunoprecipitation in vitro translation assays, showing that all three members of the GADD45 family interact with CDK11p58." SIGNOR-273024 dobutamine chemical CHEBI:4670 ChEBI YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23431053 f "These results suggest that the activity of YAP/TAZ can be either up-regulated or down-regulated by GPCR signaling,depending on which Galfa protein is activated" gcesareni "Dobutamine is an agonist for the beta1 adrenergic receptor, which likely inhibits yap by activating gaalfas." SIGNOR-201259 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9606 15994200 t lperfetto "The PKB Y315 residue, which is known to be phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinase, was also a major site of phosphorylation by RET/PTC. RET/PTC-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation results in the activation of PKB kinase activity" SIGNOR-166514 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR3D protein Q70Z44 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264292 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser227 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 10090 15206906 t "RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) is activated via the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway by phosphorylation on four sites: Ser227 in the activation loop of the N-terminal kinase domain, Ser369 in the linker, Ser386 in the hydrophobic motif and Thr577 in the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK2. In the present study, we demonstrate that RSK2 is associated in vivo with PP2Cdelta (protein phosphatase 2Cdelta). In epidermal growth factorstimulated cells, RSK2 is partially dephosphorylated on all four sites in an Mn2+-dependent manner, leading to reduced protein kinase activity" SIGNOR-248320 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC18 protein Q6FI13 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHK 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271755 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser497 ATVKSRWsGSQQVEQ 9606 8288587 t gcesareni "Pkc can effectively phosphorylate raf-1, this is a direct effect of activated pkc and not the result of raf-1 autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-37541 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser71 ANLRKLNsRLFVIRG 9606 SIGNOR-C15 phosphorylation:Ser71 ANLRKLNsRLFVIRG 21892142 t gcesareni "Ampk was shown to regulate the stability of the core clock component cry1 though phosphorylation of cry1 ser71, which stimulates the direct binding of the fbox protein fbxl3 to cry1, targeting it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-176472 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253458 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8649818 f lperfetto "We have found that cell cycle regulation of cyclin E transcription is mediated by E2F binding sites present in the promoter. The activity of this promoter can be regulated negatively by pRB." SIGNOR-245471 GPHN protein Q9NQX3 UNIPROT ARHGEF9 protein O43307 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25882190 t miannu "Gephyrin is believed to act as a scaffold at inhibitory synapses, in a manner analogous to that of the prototypic excitatory synaptic scaffold, PSD-95. The best-known function of gephyrin is to bring the inhibitory synaptic receptors and to stabilize them at the inhibitory synapses. gephyrin interacts with NL-2 and collybistin, suggesting that it may be critical for the maturation or maintenance of inhibitory synapses." SIGNOR-264973 PRRX1 protein P54821 UNIPROT MAFB protein Q9Y5Q3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221899 GTF2B protein Q00403 UNIPROT FOXF2 protein Q12947 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 9722567 t miannu "The human forkhead protein FREAC-2 contains two functionally redundant activation domains and interacts with TBP and TFIIB. FREAC-2 dependent activation of transcription by TFIIB." SIGNOR-220317 ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266524 ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 9428518 t gcesareni "Stable expression of alpha6beta4 increased carcinoma invasion in a pi3k-dependent manner, and transient expression of a constitutively active pi3k increased invasion in the absence of alpha6beta4. Ligation of alpha6beta4 stimulated significantly more pi3k activity than ligation of beta1 integrins, establishing specificity among integrins for pi3k activation." SIGNOR-252697 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268889 Aflibercept chemical SID:134445687 ChEBI VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22813448 t miannu "Aflibercept, a fusion protein with binding domains from native VEGF receptors, binds VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factors 1 and 2 with high affinity.This soluble decoy receptor is produced by fusing all-human DNA sequences of the second immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of human VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 1 to the third Ig domain of human VEGFR-2, which then is fused to the Fc region of human IgG-1.2 Aflibercept binds to all VEGF-A and VEGF-B isoforms, as well as the highly related placental growth factor." SIGNOR-259386 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr446 GTEPEPVySMEAADY 9534 BTO:0004055 18387954 t "Here, we have identified cortactin, a central regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, as a substrate of PTP1B. A trapping mutant of PTP1B binds cortactin at the phosphorylation site Tyr446, |Cortactin exerts its effects on the actin cytoskeleton by interacting directly with the Arp2/3 complex , F-actin |Src phosphorylates murine cortactin predominantly at three key sites in vitro, Tyr421, Tyr466, and Tyr482 (corresponding to Tyr421, Tyr470, and Try486 in human cortactin), resulting in decreased actin cross-linking activity" SIGNOR-248432 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19433246 t miannu "Phthalates are true ligands of PPARs. Mono-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (MEHP), a metabolite of the widespread plasticizer di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (DEHP), has been found in exposed organisms and interacts with all three PPARs. A thorough analysis of its interactions with PPARgamma identified MEHP as a selective PPARgamma modulator, and thus a possible contributor to the obesity epidemic." SIGNOR-268745 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT WWOX protein Q9NZC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr33 TTKDGWVyYANHTEE 9606 15070730 t llicata "The tyrosine kinase, src, phosphorylates wwox at tyrosine 33 in the first ww domain and enhances its binding to p73." SIGNOR-123819 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001096 14530308 f apalma "Specific inhibition of Stat5a/b promotes apoptosis of IL-2-responsive primary and tumor-derived lymphoid cells" SIGNOR-256663 FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia ID complex" complex SIGNOR-C302 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17412408 t lperfetto "Immunoprecipitation of HA-FLAG-tagged FANCI expressed in 293T cells with antibodies against either HA or FLAG, but not MYC, resulted in coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous FANCD2|The FANCI protein associates with FANCD2 and, together, as the FANCI-FANCD2 (ID) complex, localize to chromatin in response to DNA damage." SIGNOR-263268 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser161 SSLPVPNsAYGGPDF 9606 BTO:0000150 25726523 t lperfetto "GATA1 is a new substrate of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), which is phosphorylated on serine 161 and 187 (S161 and S187). GATA1 recruits HDAC3/4 to E-cadherin promoter, which is reduced by GATA1 S161A S187A mutant. These data indicate that phosphorylated GATA1 recruits more HDAC3/4 to promote transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, leading to the EMT of breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-275655 MCHR1 protein Q99705 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257034 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser206 SSSTYPHsPTSSDPG 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-189137 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 32599005 t lperfetto "For example, protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) have been shown to phosphorylate multiple serine residues on the interdomain I-II and III-IV linkers of Nav1.2, significantly reducing current and increasing firing thresholds" SIGNOR-275749 Netrin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF97 SIGNOR NEO1 protein Q92859 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 21558366 t miannu "In mammals, three secreted netrins, netrin 1, 3 and 4, and two membrane-tethered glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked (see Glossary, Box 1) netrins, netrin G1 and G2, have been identified. In mammals, receptors for the secreted netrins include deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), the DCC paralogue neogenin, the UNC-5 homologues UNC5A-D, and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM)." SIGNOR-268172 EIF4E2 protein O60573 UNIPROT "EIF4E2/GIGYF1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C256 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30917308 t lperfetto "4EHP forms complexes with the GYF domain-containing proteins GIGYF1 and GIGYF2, which are critical for this translational repression" SIGNOR-261010 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser155 CLEDIHTsRVVAHVL 9606 17568776 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of pirh2 by calmodulin-dependent kinase ii impairs its ability to ubiquitinate p53" SIGNOR-156064 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr811 ADDSSSStSSDSLGG -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-250910 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000938 12666095 t lperfetto "Parkin is a protein of 465 amino acids, and its structure includes a ubiquitin homologous domain in its N terminus and two RING finger domains in its C terminus. Molecular studies have determined that parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase function, implicating parkin in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and raising the possibility that mutations in the gene lead to loss or diminished function. Three substrates for the ubiquitin-ligase function of parkin have been identified to date.1. A 22kDa glycosolated form of alpha-synuclei|2. Parkin-associated endothelin receptor-like receptor (Pael-R)." SIGNOR-249705 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser187 LNSAAYSsPKLRGTL 9606 BTO:0000150 25726523 t lperfetto "GATA1 is a new substrate of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), which is phosphorylated on serine 161 and 187 (S161 and S187). GATA1 recruits HDAC3/4 to E-cadherin promoter, which is reduced by GATA1 S161A S187A mutant. These data indicate that phosphorylated GATA1 recruits more HDAC3/4 to promote transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, leading to the EMT of breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-275656 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 21478859 t lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263335 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser330 SFRVRASsDGEGTMS -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-251073 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SNAP23 protein O00161 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser23 ITDESLEsTRRILGL 9606 12930825 t lperfetto "Ion trap mass spectrometry revealed that platelet SNAP-23 was phosphorylated at Ser23/Thr24 and Ser161, after cell activation by thrombin; these sites were also identified in PKC-phosphorylated r-SNAP-23. SNAP-23 mutants that mimic phosphorylation at Ser23/Thr24 inhibited syntaxin 4 interactions, whereas a phosphorylation mutant of Ser161 had only minor effects. | Because mutants that mimic SNAP-23 phosphorylation affect syntaxin 4 interactions, we hypothesize that SNAP-23 phosphorylation may be important for modulating SNARE-complex interactions during membrane trafficking and fusion." SIGNOR-249228 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr113 SSFEEDDyESPNDDQ 9606 8702662 t lperfetto "A fourth peptide derived from slp-76 encompassing tyr residues 423 and 426 was also phosphorylated by zap-70 but with a 10-15-fold lesser efficiency compared to tyr-113, _128, and _145. Phosphorylation of slp-76 by the zap-70 protein-tyrosine kinase is required for t-cell receptor function" SIGNOR-42956 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f gcesareni "Tgf-beta inhibited the expression of the cbfa1 and osteocalcin genes, whose expression is controlled by cbfa1 in osteoblast-like cell lines. This inhibition was mediated by smad3, which interacts physically with cbfa1 and represses its transcriptional activity at the cbfa1-binding ose2 promoter sequence" SIGNOR-107160 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser855 EPMRRSVsEAALAQP 9606 9636039 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of bovine hormone-sensitive lipase by the amp-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-216507 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 BTO:0002882 11684015 t lperfetto "The RAD51 protein has been shown to be a substrate for caspase-3|he activated caspase-3 fragments (19 kDa and 17 kDa) and caspase-3 cleaved RAD51 fragment (∼23 kDa) was detected by Western analysis (Figure 3E). Activation of caspase-3 and the signature proteolytic degradation product of RAD51 only occurred in parental 32Dcl3 cells after treatment with cisplatin" SIGNOR-271709 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT EPO protein P01588 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 8663540 t lperfetto "Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates hypoxia-inducible genes including the human erythropoietin (EPO) gene." SIGNOR-253695 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HMGN2 protein P05204 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser25 KDEPQRRsARLSAKP 9606 10739259 t lperfetto "Protein kinases that phosphorylate hmg-14 17 at the major sites have been implicated from previous in vitro studies. Protein kinase c and a similar calcium phospholipid-dependent kinase have been reported to phosphorylate both proteins in vitro, where the phosphorylation of hmg-17 occurs predominantly at ser24 and to a lesser degree at ser28. Phosphorylation of hmg-14 at ser6 by camp- or cgmp-dependent kinases has also been reported. Thus, other kinases may contribute to phosphorylation at ser6 in response to oa. Ser88 and ser98 on hmg-14 are also phosphorylated by casein kinase ii in vitro. we conclude that the correlation we observe reflects a causal relationship, in which phosphorylation somehow facilitates the redistribution of hmg-14 and -17 toward non-nuclear pools." SIGNOR-76320 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser87 AAAGPALsPVPPVVH 9606 15225643 t "The phosphorylation of Bcl-2 resulted in a reduction in anti-apoptotic function, implying that dephosphorylation promoted the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2 protein in human tumor cell lines. Thus, the present findings suggest that ERK and PP2A are physiological regulators of Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and these enzymes exert an influence on the anti-apoptotic function of Bcl-2.phosphorylation of Bcl2 at Ser70 is proposed to be a dynamic process regulated by the sequential action of an agonist-activated Bcl2 kinase and PP2A." SIGNOR-248624 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 29041983 t lperfetto "PAK5-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo|We characterized that PAK5 could promote the phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB, and demonstrated that p65 could directly bind to the promoter of Cyclin D1" SIGNOR-275657 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT SFN protein P31947 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser186 FHYEIANsPEEAISL 9606 15071501 t "JNK1 and JNK2 are required for apoptosis of thymocites,Ser residues in the reagion between alpha-helices 7 and 8" gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylates 14-3-3zeta_ at ser-184 and 14-3-3sigma_ at ser-189" SIGNOR-124027 solifenacin chemical CHEBI:135530 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21524581 t Luana "The IC50 values for solifenacin, YM-46303, tiotropium bromide and ipratropium bromide were also determined for reference" SIGNOR-258311 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ACAP1 protein Q15027 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser554 SIRPRPGsLRSKPEP 9606 16256741 t llicata "Akt phosphorylates s554 in acap1" SIGNOR-141343 Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR Protein_aggregates phenotype SIGNOR-PH142 SIGNOR up-regulates 32218723 f lperfetto "In many neurodegenerative conditions protein aggregation may occurs without specific GOF mutations in genes encoding aggregate-prone proteins. In these conditions protein aggregation is associated to the decline of cellular degradative functions, specifically of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-262269 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr326 TSSSQLStPKSKQSP 9606 14741103 t llicata "In order to determine the sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5, serine or threonine in the nine potential sites were substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to create mutant Dcx proteins. hese were analyzed by co-transfection of 293T cells with cdk5/p35. All-sites-A mutant Dcx showed no slower migrating species on Western analysis, indicating that removal of all nine possible sites is sufficient to block the phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35. However, each single mutant Dcx retains the slower migrating species similar to the wild-type Dcx, suggesting that any single mutation is not sufficient to block phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35." SIGNOR-250659 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser111 ESNSDGAsPEPCTVT 9606 23024368 t miannu "We demonstrate that oct4a interacts with erk1/2 by using both in vitro gst pulldown and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays. Ms analysis identified phosphorylation of oct4a at ser-111. / serine 111 phosphorylation regulates oct4a protein subcellular distribution and degradation." SIGNOR-192097 GADD45A protein P24522 UNIPROT CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 10362260 t lperfetto "Gadd45 has now been found to directly inhibit the activity of cdc2/cyclin b1 complex" SIGNOR-217508 DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT KREMEN1 protein Q96MU8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12050670 t gcesareni "Dkk1 has been shown to inhibitwnt by binding to and antagonizing lrp5/6. Here we show that the transmembrane proteins kremen1 and kremen2 are high-affinity dkk1 receptors that functionally cooperate with dkk1 to blockwnt/betBeta-catenin. Kremen2 forms a ternary complex with dkk1 and lrp6, and induces rapid endocytosis and removal of thewntreceptor lrp6 from the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-88838 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT SNAIL/RELA/PARP1 complex SIGNOR-C198 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22223884 t alessandro "Therefore, we conclude that the endogenous proteins PARP1, p65NF-κB and Snail1 form a ternary complex in the nuclei of cells that are actively expressing fibronectin" SIGNOR-254528 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr456 KVYFLPItPHYVTQV -1 17485345 t miannu "The multifunctional protein CAD initiates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells. CAD is activated by MAP kinase (Erk1/2) just prior to the S phase of the cell cycle, when the demand for pyrimidine nucleotides is greatest, and down-regulated as the cells emerge from S phase by protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. MAP kinase phosphorylates Thr456, while PKA phosphorylates Ser1406 and Ser1859, although only Ser1406 is involved in regulation. " SIGNOR-267441 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 29789464 f Luana "The mTOR complexes are essential to neurogenesis and the establishment of neural circuits. | Activation of mTOR complexes exerts profound effects on all the processes of neurogenesis, including dendrite formation." SIGNOR-265771 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser674 PGRERGEsPTTPPTP 9606 BTO:0000938 12458207 t lperfetto "Negative regulation of mixed lineage kinase 3 by protein kinase b/akt leads to cell survivalthe expression of activated akt1 inhibits mlk3-mediated cell death in a manner dependent on serine 674 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252592 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18719589 f "induction of mitochondrial biogenesis" fspada "Bmp7 activates a full program of brown adipogenesis including induction of early regulators of brown fat fate prdm16 (pr-domain-containing 16;ref. 4) and pgc-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) coactivator-1alpha;ref. 5), increased expression of the brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and adipogenic transcription factors ppargamma and ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase-(also known as mapk14) and pgc-1-dependent pathways" SIGNOR-180314 GH1 protein P01241 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7862673 t miannu "Although growth hormone (GH) receptors (GHRs) in many species bind human (h) GH as well as their own GH, the hGHR only binds primate GH." SIGNOR-255451 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 10090 15060146 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "Tel became phosphorylated by erk on two serine residues, ser213 and ser257, in the internal domain between the hlh and ets domains. Tel lost its abilities to repress transcription through the phosphorylation." SIGNOR-270120 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1223 SSSTRRSsEDLSAYA 9606 BTO:0000975 17360977 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 initiates insulin signaling, whereas serine/threonine phosphorylation alters the ability of IRS-1 to transduce the insulin signalInsulin increased the phosphorylation of Ser312, Ser616, Ser636, Ser892, Ser1101, and Ser1223" SIGNOR-236603 NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 16199867 t gcesareni "The Arf-NPM interaction seems to be critical in regulating the stability of both proteins. Arf, in fact, induces polyubiquitination and degradation of NPM and inhibits its effects on ribogenesis (18). NPM, instead, protects Arf from degradation and, surprisingly, antagonizes its ability to inhibit cell division" SIGNOR-245073 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 32599005 t lperfetto "For example, protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) have been shown to phosphorylate multiple serine residues on the interdomain I-II and III-IV linkers of Nav1.2, significantly reducing current and increasing firing thresholds" SIGNOR-275750 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT Protein_aggregates phenotype SIGNOR-PH142 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000312 22051914 f lperfetto "SOD1 inclusions are found in motor neurons of patients with FALS," SIGNOR-262279 CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11231575 t "Cortactin binds directly to the Arp2/3 complex and activates it to promote nucleation of actin filaments." SIGNOR-251519 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser571 RMRSRSRsFSRHRSC 10090 17554339 t miannu "Here we describe a mechanism by which insulin, through the intermediary protein kinase Akt2/protein kinase B (PKB)-beta, elicits the phosphorylation and inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha), a global regulator of hepatic metabolism during fasting.  Akt phosphorylates PGC-1α at Ser 570." SIGNOR-262626 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser87 KTVEGAGsIAAATGF 9606 BTO:0000938 10617630 t lperfetto "In vitro experiments and two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping provided further evidence that serine 129 was phosphorylated by ck-1 and ck-2. Moreover, phosphorylation of serine 129 was reduced in vivo upon inhibition of ck-1 or ck-2. These data demonstrate that alpha-synuclein is constitutively phosphorylated within its c terminus and may indicate that the function of alpha-synuclein is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.From these data we conclude that _-synuclein is predominantly phosphorylated at serine residue 129. However, a second serine at position 87 is also used for phosphorylation to some extent. together, these data may indicate that ck-1 and ck-2 are involved in the regulation of neuronal function and one may speculate that phosphorylation of _-synuclein could affect its binding to membranes." SIGNOR-73807 LIF protein P15018 UNIPROT MYH7 protein P12883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 10212267 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Increase of protein synthesis rate and β-MHC gene expression in cardiac myocytes by ET-1 and LIF." SIGNOR-251959 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT HEY1 protein Q9Y5J3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11486044 t lperfetto "These data establish that HERP2 is a novel primary target gene of Notch that, together with HES, may effect diverse biological activities of Notch" SIGNOR-235397 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19195802 f "Expression of DLX5 is controlled by MECP2, and defect in MECP2 induced an over-expression of DLX5 in lymphocytes as well as in the brain" SIGNOR-254034 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 19777442 t gcesareni "Erk-1 map kinase prevents tnf-induced apoptosis through bad phosphorylation and inhibition of bax translocation in hela cells." SIGNOR-188172 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADORA3 protein P0DMS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257449 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT GAD1 protein Q99259 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19029285 f miannu "induction of the reelin and GAD67 mRNAs is accompanied by the dissociation of repressor complexes containing all three DNMTs, MeCP2, and HDAC1 from the corresponding promoters and by increased local histone acetylation." SIGNOR-254579 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser903 KTTSQAHsLPLSPAS 10090 BTO:0000452 12871932 t "GSK-3 beta forms an in vivo complex with and specifically phosphorylates NF-kappa B1/p105 at Ser-903 and Ser-907 in vitro. GSK-3 beta has a dual effect on p105: it stabilizes p105 under resting conditions and primes p105 for degradation upon tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatment. Indeed, constitutive processing of p105 to p50 occurs at a higher rate in cells lacking GSK-3 beta with respect to wild-type cells and can be reduced upon reintroduction of GSK-3 beta by transfection. S903A and S907A point mutations impair p105 proteolysis in response to TNF-α." SIGNOR-251251 CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16885213 f gcesareni "The data suggest that smo is in fact the source of two signals relevant to the activation of gli: one involving g(i) and the other involving events at smo's c-tail independent of g(i)." SIGNOR-148454 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1693 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248821 "heparan sulfate octasaccharide" smallmolecule CHEBI:142519 ChEBI ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27241222 f miannu "Many observations in animal models deficient for HSPGs and recent observations of human genetic mutations for biosynthesis of HSPGs have identified the importance of HSPGs for normal embryonic development and ECM organization." SIGNOR-264017 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr59 EGYDELQtDGNRSSH 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-250806 DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 BTO:0004419 12840032 t lperfetto "The activation of the mapk activity requires the dual phosphorylation of the ser/thr and tyr residues in the txy kinase activation motif (1113), and deactivation occurs through the action of either ser/thr protein phosphatase (14), protein-tyrosine phosphatase (ptp) (14, 15), or dual specificity phosphatases" SIGNOR-103035 N-(cyanomethyl)-4-[2-[4-(4-morpholinyl)anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91407 ChEBI JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191244 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys569 DLHVVRPkLPKPPTD 10090 35670107 t lperfetto "TRIM27 directly polyubiquitinates ULK1 at K568 and K571 sites with K48-linked ubiquitin chains, with proteasomal turnover maintaining control over basal ULK1 levels" SIGNOR-272540 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19055748 f lperfetto "We demonstrated by both cDNA microarrays and real-time quantitative RT-PCR that the functional blockade of SNAI1 induces a significant decrease of PAI-1 and uPA transcripts." SIGNOR-252262 IFNA2 protein P01563 UNIPROT HLA-B protein P01889 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 2507660 f Regulation miannu "HLA-B (class I) and C13 gene expression was transcriptionally activated by IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha 2" SIGNOR-251925 SLC9A3 protein P48764 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265593 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003933 24292625 t miannu "We found that lenalidomide causes selective ubiquitination and degradation of two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, by the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase. IKZF1 and IKZF3 are essential transcription factors in multiple myeloma." SIGNOR-272083 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 18593906 t tpavlidou "Pim-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation of forkhead transcription factors, foxo1a and foxo3a, was involved in the transcriptional repression of the p27(kip1) gene." SIGNOR-179304 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr659 VADERVDyVVVDQQK 9606 10068651 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of gab2 was induced by stimulation through gp130, il-2r, il-3r, tpor, scfr, and tcr. Gab1 and gab2 were shown to be substrates for shp-2 in vitro." SIGNOR-236254 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT MYH10 protein P35580 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238772 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SCNN1G protein P51170 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 11805112 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Using a number of different approaches it was demonstrated that the protein kinase acting on betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 is the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). It is suggested that an ERK-mediated phosphorylation of betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 down-regulates the channel by facilitating its interaction with Nedd4." SIGNOR-270171 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 8195185 f irozzo "Regulation of the Erythroid Kruppel-like Factor (EKLF) Gene Promoter by the Erythroid Transcription Factor GATA-l.Accordingly,we have also demonstrated that GATA-2, like GATA-1, is able to activate the EKLF promoter in NIH3T3." SIGNOR-256052 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 10734133 t lperfetto "Many cellular receptors signal via tyrosine phosphorylation. The tyrosine kinases required for this activity are often recruited upon ligand bindingAlternatively, receptors themselves have kinase activity, like insulin receptors. In either case, the receptors are returned to their original state through the activity of protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs)The major candidate PTPs previously implicated in IRK dephosphorylation are PTP-1b and LAR." SIGNOR-76017 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM46 protein Q7Z4K8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271182 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 20041275 t llicata "Our data support the concept that non-primed phosphorylation of p53 by ck1 is an isoform-specific reaction preferentially affecting s20" SIGNOR-162648 FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257045 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser389 LKEAEEEsSGGEEED 9606 BTO:0001938 11861906 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis of maximally in vitro phosphorylated eIF5 localized the major phosphorylation sites at Ser-387 and Ser-388 near the C-terminus of eIF5. These serine residues are embedded within a cluster of acidic amino acid residues and account for nearly 90% of the total in vitro eIF5 phosphorylation. A minor phosphorylation site at Ser-174 was also observed. | The results suggest that phosphorylation of eIF5 may have a role in stimulating the rate of eIF5-promoted GTP hydrolysis." SIGNOR-251069 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C110 12000790 t gcesareni "We conclude that a major role of axin in the wnt is to provide the kinase activity that initiates the betBeta-catenin phosphorylation cascade at s45. This process is mediated by cki, the alfa, delta, or ? Isoform, all detected in association with axin by lc/ms." SIGNOR-87444 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser96 SFSVKDPsPLYDMLR 9606 15735705 t lperfetto "Cdc2p34 phosphorylates mdmx on ser 96 in vitro. Mutation within this site (mdmx(s96a)) impairs, whereas phosphomimic substitution (mdmx(s96d)) increases the cytoplasmic localization of mdmx, suggesting that cdk2/cdc2p34 phosphorylation is required for export of mdmx from the nucleus" SIGNOR-134388 "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "The most abundant signaling protein in the PSD fraction is Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which makes up 1 to 2% of the total protein in the forebrain (21). CaMKII is a target for Ca2+ flowing through the NMDA receptor and is necessary for normal synaptic plasticity in pyramidal neurons. The cytosolic tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor bind to CaMKII and thus can serve as docking sites for it in the PSD" SIGNOR-264217 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser8 MPKRKVSsAEGAAKE 9606 10739259 t gcesareni "Peptide mass and sequence analysis showed major and minor phosphorylation sites, respectively, at ser24 and ser28 in hmg-17, and ser20 and ser24 in hmg-14 a third phosphorylation site in hmg-14 was located at either ser6 or ser7phosphorylation of ser6 and ser7 may compromise the binding of hmgn1 protein to the binding domain of importin proteins, which in turn affects the nuclear transport and sub-cellular localization of hmgn1 protein. Protein kinase ck2 could potentially be an enzyme that regulates this process." SIGNOR-76270 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT HOXA5 protein P20719 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 26847029 f irozzo "Importantly, our results showed that BCOR is a repressor of HoxA cluster of genes (HoxA5, HoxA7 and HoxA9) in myeloid cells. Knock-down of HoxA5, HoxA7 and HoxA9 significantly decreased the clonogenic growth of Bcor mutant and wild type cells, demonstrating the Hox genes, as targets of BCOR, played an important role in mediating BCOR’s function in regulating myeloid cell proliferation." SIGNOR-256012 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257617 BCORL1 protein Q5H9F3 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 17379597 t irozzo "BCoR-L1 also interacts with the CtBP corepressor through a CtBP-interacting motif in its amino terminus. Furthermore, BCoR-L1 is located on the E-cadherin promoter, a known CtBP-regulated promoter, and represses the E-cadherin promoter activity in a reporter assay." SIGNOR-259193 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG 9606 BTO:0003892 11731619 t "PTP-PEST-Containing Lysates from EGF-Treated HC11 Cells Dephosphorylate JAK2 More Efficiently than Lysates from Control Cells|phospho-JAK2-specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum (44-426, BioSource Technologies, Inc., Camarillo, CA) which recognizes Tyr1007/1008 in the activation site" SIGNOR-248657 Hexocyclium chemical CHEBI:5707 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258389 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT ACO2 protein Q99798 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr665 VVIGDENyGEGSSRE -1 17997986 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that the flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase are ""in vitro"" substrates of Fgr tyrosine kinase. Fgr phosphorylates flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase at Y535 and Y596 and aconitase at Y71, Y544 and Y665. Further experiments will be necessary to verify if Fgr is the tyrosine kinase responsible for the tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins in vivo and to elucidate the role of these phosphorylations." SIGNOR-262870 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 16554440 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Also, several probable in vivo K8 kinases have been identified including Erk1/2 for K8 Ser431 (Ku and Omary, 1997), and p38 and Jun kinases for K8 Ser73 (Ku et al., 2002a; He et al., 2002)." SIGNOR-270003 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 28213513 f "Our finding that RUNX1 protein levels are dependent on FLT3-ITD signaling in AML cells and that, together, they synergize to generate AML. […]Our work demonstrated that Tyr phosphorylation within the ID region of RUNX1 is critical for its oncogenic potential," SIGNOR-256307 "Non-structural protein 10" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037317 UNIPROT MT-CO2 protein P00403 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 16157265 t lperfetto "This result suggests that the nsp10 protein could affect the activities of NADH and cytochrome oxidase II via a direct interaction while being involved in viral replication." SIGNOR-260254 BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex II" complex SIGNOR-C241 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30397185 t lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260319 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Tyr78 SSISTPHyEDIPFTR 10090 25368164 t "We show that the tyrosine kinase Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene (cAbl) is an adipogenic key regulator. c-Abl promotes adipogenesis by phosphorylation and subsequent stabilization of PPARγ." SIGNOR-255912 HECTD2 protein Q5U5R9 UNIPROT PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26157031 t miannu "We discovered a ubiquitin E3 ligase, HECTD2, which ubiquitinated and mediated the degradation of PIAS1, thus increasing inflammation in an experimental pneumonia model." SIGNOR-272421 ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT TDP2 protein O95551 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr92 VDLTNEEtTDSTTSK 9606 BTO:0000007 18039968 t miannu "ALK4 phosphorylated TTRAP in vitro (Fig. 6A). The band migrating at the position of TTRAP was excised and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. One TTRAP peptide was phosphorylated either on T88 and T92, or on T92 only (Fig. 6B).We tested in vivo phosphorylation of Strep-TTRAP by co-expression with mouse Alk4 in HEK293T cells, and affinity-purified TTRAP. In this preparation TTRAP-specific peptides were reproducibly found in both the singly (T92) and doubly phosphorylated form (T88/T92). mutant TTRAPT88A,T92A is not able to rescue the TtrapMO phenotype, suggesting that phosphorylation of Ttrap on Thr88 and Thr92 is essential for Ttrap function." SIGNOR-262612 MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "Following release, 5-HT receptor activation and reuptake by 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), serotonin is degraded by MAO (monoamine oxidase) and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) into 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA)." SIGNOR-264014 PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser424 DHDNDKEsDVEI 9606 15805470 t "Here we demonstrate that, in addition to protein-protein interactions with NCoR/SMRT, the activity of HDAC3 is regulated by both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. A protein kinase CK2 phosphoacceptor site in the HDAC3 protein was identified at position Ser424, which is a nonconserved residue among the class I HDACs. Mutation of this residue was found to reduce deacetylase activity.|Significantly, both overexpression and siRNA knock-down approaches, and analysis of cells devoid of PP4c, unequivocally show that HDAC3 activity is inversely proportional to the cellular abundance of PP4(c)." SIGNOR-248548 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT PRAME protein P78395 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000849 19273910 f miannu "Overexpression of SOX9 in both human and mouse melanoma cell lines induced cell cycle arrest by increasing p21 transcription and restored sensitivity to RA by downregulating expression of PRAME, a melanoma antigen." SIGNOR-255191 SEC13 protein P55735 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262091 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 15950189 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "Erk phosphorylates threonine 42 residue of ribosomal protein s3." SIGNOR-270019 "pemetrexed disodium" chemical CHEBI:63722 ChEBI DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 14596699 t miannu "Thymidylate synthase, the primary target of pemetrexed,9 is a fo-late-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of deoxyuri-dine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate. Inhibi-tion of TS results in decreased levels of thymidine, which is necessary for DNA synthesis. In addition to TS, pemetrexed inhibits DHFR, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (AICARFT), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT)." SIGNOR-259290 NCAPH protein Q15003 UNIPROT "Condensin I" complex SIGNOR-C341 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263906 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 10090 BTO:0000944 19595712 t "We demonstrate here that activated Ras induces tyrosine dephosphorylation and inhibition of FAK mediated by the Ras downstream Fgd1-Cdc42-PAK1-MEK-ERK signaling cascade.| PIN1 binding and prolyl isomerization of FAK cause PTP-PEST to interact with and dephosphorylate FAK Y397. Inhibition of FAK mediated by this signal relay promotes Ras-induced cell migration, invasion, and metastasis." SIGNOR-248661 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-269852 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser616 PIPIMPAsPQKGHAV 9606 17301055 t gcesareni "Drp1 was specifically phosphorylated in mitosis by cdk1/cyclin b on ser-585. Exogenous expression of unphosphorylated mutant drp1s585a led to reduced mitotic mitochondrial fragmentation." SIGNOR-153148 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser661 GAEVYSDsEDDVLSS 9606 19236849 t llicata "We demonstrate that sirt1 is a substrate for protein kinase ck2 both in vitro and in vivo. Both, deletion construct analyses and serine-to-alanine mutations identified sirt1 ser-659 and ser-661 as major ck2 phosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated in vivo as well." SIGNOR-184155 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser428 SSKIRRLsACKQQ 9606 25846811 t lperfetto "Directly and/or through the activation of p90RSK, ERK phosphorylates LKB-1 at Ser325 and Ser428. The phosphorylation of LKB-1 causes the dissociation of LKB-1 from AMPK, resulting in the impaired activation of AMPK." SIGNOR-209880 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271078 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15640349 t irozzo "However, menin dramatically increases the amount of MLL bound at the p27Kip1 and p18Ink4c loci, suggesting that it either directly or indirectly promotes MLL recruitment to these targets. Once recruited, MLL could enhance transcription by a number of mechanisms.Overall, the data suggest that transcriptional regulation by menin involves increasing MLL protein association with target loci." SIGNOR-255890 PIH1D1 protein Q9NWS0 UNIPROT "R2TP core co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C515 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29662061 t miannu " Here we use cryo-EM and biochemical studies on the human R2TP core (RUVBL1-RUVBL2-RPAP3-PIH1D1) which reveal the distinctive role of RPAP3, distinguishing metazoan R2TP from the smaller yeast equivalent. RPAP3 spans both faces of a single RUVBL ring, providing an extended scaffold that recruits clients and provides a flexible tether for HSP90. " SIGNOR-270926 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT S100A4 protein P26447 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 10116 BTO:0000452;BTO:0000099 BTO:0001279 31623154 f "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation increasing interaction)" "We found that S100A4 was significantly up-regulated in astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord of a transgenic rat SOD1-G93A model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" SIGNOR-262783 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14977528 t gcesareni "In the non-canonical wnt pathway, frizzled uses galfaq or galfai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat, and frizzled also signals through the small gtpases rho and rac to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), which activates the ap1 transcription factor gpcrs signal through four relatively small families of galfa proteins (galfas, galfai/o, galfaq, and galfa12/13), and if fzd receptors are classic gpcrs, they should signal through one of these four galfa families." SIGNOR-122886 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT IL2 protein P60568 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10022916 t Barakat "Together, our results demonstrate that dnNFAT inhibits the production of IL-2. Thus, the NFAT transcription factor contributes to the regulation of IL-2 gene expression and therefore plays a critical role in the initiation of immune responses." SIGNOR-275405 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 APPVRMSsTIFSTGG -1 10075701 t miannu "Eight autophosphorylation sites were identified in Cdc42-activated gamma-PAK, six of which are in common with those previously reported in alpha-PAK, while Ser-19 and Ser-165 appear to be uniquely phosphorylated in the gamma-form. Further, the phosphorylation of Ser-141, Ser-165, and Thr-402 was found to correlate with gamma-PAK activation. Autophosphorylation of γ-PAK with MgATP alone takes place at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197." SIGNOR-250227 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664;BTO:0004465 26179066 t lperfetto "In the present study we demonstrate that MYC and its partner MAX bind to the BCR promoter, leading to up-regulation of BCR and BCR/ABL1 at both transcriptional and protein levels.|Here we describe a regulatory pathway modulating BCR and BCR/ABL1 expression, showing that the BCR promoter is under the transcriptional control of the MYC/MAX heterodimer." SIGNOR-272144 BCL10 protein O95999 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14695475 f Barakat "The adaptor protein Bcl10 promotes activation of NF-κB transcription factors through paracaspase- and UBC13-dependent ubiquitination of NEMO." SIGNOR-274145 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15694340 t gcesareni "Bim can induce apoptosis by interacting with anti-apoptotic members of the bcl2 family, including bcl2, bcl-xl and mcl-1.. Bim binds prosurvival proteins comparably. The members that promote cell survival, including mammalian bcl-2, bcl-xl,bcl-w, mcl-1, and a1" SIGNOR-133823 "WAVE complex" complex SIGNOR-C271 SIGNOR ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "Cdc42 can induce Arp2/3-mediated filopodia formation through the activation of WASp (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins) and neuronal N-WASp (Rohatgi et al., 1999). Similarly, Rac1-enhanced lamellipodia formation is related to Arp2/3 activation by the WAVE (WASP-family verprolin-homologous) complex" SIGNOR-261876 PCC complex SIGNOR-C414 SIGNOR (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57327 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15890657 t miannu "Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of propionyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA. PCC consists of two heterologous subunits, alpha PCC and beta PCC, which are encoded by the nuclear PCCA and PCCB genes, respectively." SIGNOR-267186 canertinib chemical CHEBI:61399 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191012 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phosphonato-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine smallmolecule CHEBI:147287 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The second enzyme in the DNPB pathway is trifunc tional GART (TGART), whose domains and activities include: glycinamide ribonucleotide synthase (GARS) that catalyzes the ATP-dependent process that uses 5- PRA and Gly to make glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR); glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART) that transfers the formyl group of N10-formyltetrahydrofolate to GAR, generating formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR); and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthase (AIRS) that converts formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) to aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-267314 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20663871 t lperfetto "The inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), i.e. Smad6 and Smad7, are negative regulators of transforming growth factor-_ (TGF-_) family signaling. I-Smads inhibit TGF-_ family signaling principally through physical interaction with type I receptors (activin receptor-like kinases), so as to compete with receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) for activation." SIGNOR-167160 GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22049910 t miannu "Glutaminase (GLS1/2) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine to L-glutamate and ammonia." SIGNOR-266910 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr397 RVIEDNEyTAREGAK -1 8530369 t "Lyn is a member of the Src family of protein-tyrosine kinases that can readily undergo autophosphorylation in vitro. The site of autophosphorylation is Tyr397. Autophosphorylation results in a 17-fold increase in protein-tyrosine kinase activity." SIGNOR-251402 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser497 ATVKSRWsGSQQVEQ 9606 8288587 t gcesareni "Pkc can effectively phosphorylate raf-1, this is a direct effect of activated pkc and not the result of raf-1 autophosphorylation. the sites of pkc-mediated raf-1 phosphorylation are deduced to be ser497 and ser619." SIGNOR-37474 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF141 protein Q8WVD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271204 CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Arg1064 PGNILGPrVPLTAPN 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000356 24434208 t "CARM1-mediated BAF155 methylation affects gene expression by directing methylated BAF155 to unique chromatin regions (e.g., c-Myc pathway genes). Collectively, our studies uncover a mechanism by which BAF155 acquires tumorigenic functions via arginine methylation." SIGNOR-251708 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 21596315 t lperfetto "Complexed with the activator proteins CDC20 or CDH1 (Fang et al., 1998, Visintin et al., 1997), the APC/C recognizes, ubiquitinates, and targets for proteasomal degradation a multitude of cell cycle regulators containing KEN or D box degrons, including securin, cyclin A, and cyclin B." SIGNOR-265051 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1387 EDCSGLSsQSDILTT 9606 BTO:0000150 12183412 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of serine 1387 in brca1 is specifically required for the atm-mediated s-phase checkpoint after ionizing irradiation.We recently reported that brca1 function is required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the s-phase and the g2 phase of the cell cycle. We also found that mutation of serine 1423 in brca1, a target of atm phosphorylation, abrogates the g2-m checkpoint but not the ionizing irradiation-induced s-phase checkpoint. Here we demonstrate that mutation of serine 1387 in brca1, another target of atm phosphorylation, conversely abrogates the radiation-induced s-phase arrest but does not affect the g2-m checkpoint." SIGNOR-91482 "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg679 EKTTRKKrNVNFQKA -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263424 DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22491013 t gcesareni "Wnt stimulation induces the casein kinase 2 (ck2)-dependent phosphorylation of lrp6 at s1579, promoting its binding to dab2 and internalization with clathrin." SIGNOR-196925 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MYL12B protein O14950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 12185584 t gcesareni "Here we found that rho-kinase has an activity for mrlc diphosphorylation at both threonine 18 and serine 19 in nonmuscle cells using sequential column chromatographies." SIGNOR-91546 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser180 PGSSAPNsPMAMLTL 9606 10673502 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O75030-9" gcesareni "The current study reveals that c-kit signaling triggers two phosphorylation events on mi, which up-regulate transactivation potential yet simultaneously target mi for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The specific activation/degradation signals derive from mapk/erk targeting of serine 73the results suggested that s1p reduced melanin synthesis via s1p(3) receptor-mediated erk and rsk-1 activation, and subsequent mitf dual phosphorylation and degradation." SIGNOR-75030 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15626738 f "FLT3-ITD-TKD dual mutants induce hyperactivation of STAT5 and up-regulation of its downstream targets Bcl-x(L) and RAD51 in Ba/F3 cells" SIGNOR-261549 SELENOF protein O60613 UNIPROT UGGT2 protein Q9NYU1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24415556 t miannu "The enzymatic activity of UGGT2 is enhanced by complex formation with Sep15" SIGNOR-261373 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr216 RSSSSEStGTPSNPD 10090 11983168 t "cyclin G also binds in vivo and in vitro to Mdm2 and markedly stimulates the ability of PP2A to dephosphorylate Mdm2 at T216. Consistent with these data, cyclin G null cells have both Mdm2 that is hyperphosphorylated at T216 and markedly higher levels of p53 protein when compared to wild-type cells" SIGNOR-248593 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24095058 t miannu "As a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction that charges serine onto its cognate tRNA for protein synthesis" SIGNOR-270496 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser389 ARIQAAAsTPTNATA 9606 BTO:0000142 17726008 t gcesareni "However p38alfa also inactivates gsk3b by direct phosphorilation of the c-terminal residue ser389. this non-canonicl p38 mapk-dependent phosphorilation of gsk3b seems to occur primarily in the brain and thymocytes." SIGNOR-157548 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr160 GVPVRTYtHEVVTLW -1 10085115 t llicata "Phosphorylation of monomeric human CDK2 by CAK1 is more efficient than phosphorylation of the binary CDK2-cyclin A complex. Phosphorylated CDK2 exhibits histone H1 kinase activity corresponding to approximately 0.3% of that observed with the fully activated phosphorylated CDK2-cyclin A complex. Fluorescence measurements have shown that Thr160 phosphorylation increases the affinity of CDK2 for both histone substrate and ATP and decreases its affinity for ADP." SIGNOR-269330 CHIR-98014 chemical CID:53396311 PUBCHEM GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190988 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1410 STHPHFMtQRALYLA 9606 BTO:0000938 19824698 t lperfetto "We identified ser1403, thr1404, thr1410, thr1491 located within the roc domain, as well as thr1967 and thr1969 in the kinase domain, as the autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-188437 barium(2+) chemical CHEBI:37136 ChEBI KCNJ13 protein O60928 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9620703 t miannu "Figure 4 shows the response of Kir7.1 to increasing [Ba2+]o. The EC50 for Ba2+ block was 1 mM (Figure 4C), independent of the type of cell in which the channel was expressed. Other known inward rectifier K+ channels are sensitive to inhibition at much lower concentrations" SIGNOR-258925 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 15870257 t lperfetto "PPM1D also dephosphorylates p53 at phospho-Ser 15. PPM1D dephosphorylations are correlated with reduced cellular intra-S and G2/M checkpoint activity in response to DNA damage induced by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. Thus, a primary function of PPM1D may be to reverse the p53 and Chk1-induced DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoint responses and return the cell to a homeostatic state following completion of DNA repair." SIGNOR-135980 EXOSC1 protein Q9Y3B2 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261381 PCDH19 protein Q8TAB3 UNIPROT GABRA4 protein P48169 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 SIGNOR-C327,SIGNOR-C326,SIGNOR-C333 29360992 t miannu "Here, we found that PCDH19 binds the alpha subunits of GABAAR and regulates its surface availability and currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. The PCDH19 gene (Xp22.1) encodes the cell-adhesion protein protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) and is responsible for a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by female-limited epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autistic features, the pathogenic mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a new interaction between PCDH19 and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) alpha subunits in the rat brain. PCDH19 shRNA-mediated downregulation reduces GABAAR surface expression and affects the frequency and kinetics of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. " SIGNOR-267220 BRAP protein Q7Z569 UNIPROT CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19152073 t k63 miannu "Brap2 promotes Lys-63 linked ubiquitination of HsCdc14A. Collectively, these results support the idea that Brap2 facilitates Lys-63 linked ubiquitin modification of HsCdc14A, which may not be targeted for degradation, but mainly for protein–protein interactions or other regulatory functions." SIGNOR-271777 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser777 SMPLDQYsPSFPDTR 9606 23405013 t lperfetto "Erk-mediated phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 on ser777 inhibits signaling" SIGNOR-244541 DRAP1 protein Q14919 UNIPROT BTAF1 protein O14981 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9986 15509807 t miannu "We present evidence that the NC2alpha subunit interacts with BTAF1. Addition of NC2alpha or the NC2 complex can stimulate the ability of BTAF1 to interact with TBP." SIGNOR-263918 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR Translational_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH202 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17360704 f gianni "Mutation of rpS6 at Ser(235/236) reveals that phosphorylation of these sites promotes its recruitment to the 7-methylguanosine cap complex, suggesting that Ras/ERK signaling regulates assembly of the translation preinitiation complex. These data demonstrate that RSK provides an mTOR-independent pathway linking the Ras/ERK signaling cascade to the translational machinery." SIGNOR-268527 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr771 ADIESSNyMAPYDNY -1 7545675 t "Upon activation, the βPDGFR is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine residues and thereby becomes a docking site for SH2-domain-containing signal transduction proteins.|While all phosphotyrosine sites on the βPDGFR are equally good targets for rPTP1B, maps of the βPDGFR dephosphorylated by rSyp showed that rSyp had a distinct preference for certain sites (Fig. 4 D-F). The low dose of rSyp primarily dephosphorylated spots 1, 6, 7, 9, and to a lesser extent 8a|Spot 1 corresponds to tyrosine 751; spot 3 corresponds to tyrosine 1009; spot 6 corresponds to tyrosine 740; spot 8b corresponds to tyrosine 1021; spot 9 corresponds to tyrosine 771, and spots 2, 7, and 8a are as yet unidentified phosphopeptides" SIGNOR-248669 ACOX1 protein Q15067 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 31401980 t miannu "Downregulation of ACOX1 increased p73, but not p53, expression. p73 expression was critical for apoptosis induction induced by ACOX1 downregulation. ACOX1 reduced p73 expression by destabilizing p73 protein. We also found that ACOX1 interacted with p73 protein" SIGNOR-261056 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 AATPPPStASAPAAV 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 16627622 t esanto "Parp1 phosphorylation by erk1/2 is required for maximal parp-1 activation after dna damage. S372a and t373a mutations impaired parp-1 activation." SIGNOR-146224 ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT "Chaperone-mediated protein folding" phenotype SIGNOR-PH120 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31226023 f miannu "Apart from ER protein chaperones, ATF6 also induces the expression of CHOP and XBP1, thereby connecting the three UPR branches into an integrated signaling network" SIGNOR-260182 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-176373 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004488 18519638 t "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Gly86Arg (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Ala5Val (mutation causing interaction)" "SOD1mut-induced ER stress |we first examined whether SOD1mut induces ER stress in NSC34 motor neurons, as assessed by band-shift analyses of the ER transmembrane kinase receptors IRE1 and PERK. Adenovirus (Ad)-mediated expression of ALS-linked SOD1mut (SOD1G93A) was detectable within 48 h of infection (Supplemental Fig. S1A). SOD1mut (SOD1A4V, SOD1G85R, and SOD1G93A) but not wild-type SOD1 (SOD1wt) activated IRE1 and PERK" SIGNOR-262786 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11431483 t miannu "Epsilon-N-Trimethyllysine hydroxylase (EC ) is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of l-carnitine and catalyzes the formation of beta-hydroxy-N-epsilon-trimethyllysine from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine, a reaction dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe(2+), and oxygen." SIGNOR-269686 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser37 KHSSYPDsEGAPDSL 9606 10618498 t lperfetto "Serine residues 37 in the transactivation domain and 129, 144 and 146 in the pest domain of spi-b are phosphorylated by ckii in vitro. The ckii phosphorylation sites mapped in vitro are phosphorylated in vivo. Mutations of the ckii phosphorylation sites increase the ability of spi-b to transactivate. Spi-b phosphorylation by ckii reduces its stability" SIGNOR-73891 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 14722106 t gcesareni "Once activated, calcineurin directly dephosphorylates NFAT proteins that are present in a hyperphosphorylated latent form in the cytoplasm and induces their rapid translocation into the nucleus, where in concert with nuclear partner proteins such as the AP-1 transcription factor complex, they are able to bind cooperatively to their target promoter elements and activate the transcription of specific NFAT target genes" SIGNOR-84038 PPP2R5A protein Q15172 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9774674 t gcesareni "In this report, we show that another wd-40 repeat protein, the balpha subunit of protein phosphatase 2a, associates with the cytoplasmic domain of type i tgf-beta receptors..[..] Furthermore, balpha enhances the growth inhibition activity of tgf-beta in a receptor-dependent manner" SIGNOR-60743 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT ANAPC1 protein Q9H1A4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser355 AALSRAHsPALGVHS 9606 14657031 t gcesareni "Our analysis revealed an unexpected and unprecedented complexity of mitotic phosphorylation sites and suggests that other kinases than cdk1 and plk1 also contribute to apc phosphorylation." SIGNOR-119881 PPM1B protein O75688 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 18930133 t "PPM1A and PPM1B act as IKKbeta phosphatases to terminate TNFalpha-induced IKKbeta-NF-kappaB activation|Overexpression of PPM1A or PPM1B results in dephosphorylation of IKKbeta at Ser177 and Ser181 and termination of IKKbeta-induced NF-kappaB activation." SIGNOR-248344 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19114990 t lperfetto "While association of the TGF_RI receptor with p85 requires TGF-_ stimulation." SIGNOR-252729 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 16316410 t lperfetto "We demonstrate here that Su(fu) prevents the nuclear accumulation of Gli1 and Gli2 through multiple mechanisms" SIGNOR-129065 sapitinib chemical CHEBI:132986 ChEBI ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190155 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser138 RPPVLDEsWIREQTT 9606 25482198 t miannu "Here, we show that SUN1, located in the INM, undergoes mitosis-specific phosphorylation on at least 3 sites within its nucleoplasmic N-terminus. We further identify Cdk1 as the kinase responsible for serine 48 and 333 phosphorylation, while serine 138 is phosphorylated by Plk1. Together, these data support a model whereby mitotic phosphorylation of SUN1 disrupts interactions with nucleoplasmic binding partners, promoting disassembly of the nuclear lamina and, potentially, its chromatin interactions." SIGNOR-263098 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT SNRNP70 protein P08621 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26124092 t "FUS functions in coupling transcription to splicing by mediating an interaction between RNAP II and U1 snRNP" SIGNOR-262823 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 14765127 t "Regulation of Runx activity by TAZ or YAP affects mesenchymal stem cell differentiation." gcesareni "Here we show that the endogenous yes-associated protein (yap), a mediator of src/yes signaling, interacts with the native runx2 protein, an osteoblast-related transcription factor, and suppresses runx2 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner." SIGNOR-121803 PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C9 12904571 t gcesareni "Piasy binds most strongly with smad3 and also associates with other receptor-regulated smads and smad4. smad3, smad4, and piasy can form a ternary complex. Piasy does not inhibit smad complex binding to dna, but it represses smad transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-104538 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ACACB protein O00763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 PTMRPSMsGLHLVKR 9606 9148944 t miannu "The results suggest that the decrease in ACC activity during muscle contraction is caused by an increase in its phosphorylation, most probably due, at least in part, to activation of the alpha2 isoform of AMPK." SIGNOR-250318 AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205597 PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9120274 t Gianni "Overexpression of BSAP reduced Blimp-1 expression in CH12.LX.A2 clones but not in MPC11 clones. In addition, overexpression of BSAP in CH12.LX.A2 cells suppressed spontaneous appearance of cells with high Syndecan-1 expression and high amounts of intracytosolic as well as secreted Ig synthesi" SIGNOR-269085 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.1t variant" complex SIGNOR-C325 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 20498094 t miannu "A histone H3 variant, H3T, is highly expressed in the testis, suggesting that it may play an important role in the chromatin reorganization required for meiosis and/or spermatogenesis. In the present study, we found that the nucleosome containing human H3T is significantly unstable both in vitro and in vivo, as compared to the conventional nucleosome containing H3.1." SIGNOR-263726 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT ITGA10 protein O75578 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24287699 f lperfetto "Integrin α10 expression is pRb-dependent in mouse osteoblasts|pRb-activated expression of integrin α10 mRNA is effectively translated into higher levels of integrin α10 protein as visualized by immunofluorescence" SIGNOR-253348 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr52 VQKKPTMyPEWKSTF -1 9692543 t "Lyn was found to phosphorylate Lyn-associated and recombinant PKC-delta in vitro and the tyrosine 52 phosphorylated PKC-delta was recruited to associate with the Lyn SH2 domain." SIGNOR-251408 budesonide chemical CHEBI:3207 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 6958488 t "nasal polyposys" gcesareni SIGNOR-251688 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256917 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser635 DTHFRSPsSSVGSPP 9606 SIGNOR-C15 19815529 t llicata "We show that ampk down-regulates rrna synthesis under glucose restriction by phosphorylating the rna polymerase i (pol i)-associated transcription factor tif-ia at a single serine residue (ser-635)." SIGNOR-188403 FCAR protein P24071 UNIPROT Cytokine_production phenotype SIGNOR-PH166 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876;BTO:0000399 30766540 f lperfetto "IgA-mediated immune effector responses such as phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, respiratory burst and cytokine release are mediated through FcalphaRI (CD89), an IgA-specific receptor that is expressed on monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages" SIGNOR-264860 CBX1 protein P83916 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264491 PPP1R3B protein Q86XI6 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000759 36551183 t miannu "In the liver, PTG and PPP1R3B(GL)are expressed at roughly equivalent levels [55], and they jointly promote hepatic glycogen mobilization and storage. PTG overexpression significantly increased glycogen content, mainly due to its ability to promote the redistribution of PP1 and glycogen synthase to glycogen granules, significantly increasing GS activity and glycogen synthesis (Figure 2)" SIGNOR-271734 PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12052884 t Gianni "Blimp-1 binds a site on the Pax-5 promoter in vitro and in vivo and represses the Pax-5 promoter in a binding-site-dependent manner." SIGNOR-269089 USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT BACE1 protein P56817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003704 27302062 t "Here, we report that RNAi-mediated depletion of USP8 reduced levels of both ectopically expressed and endogenous BACE1 in H4 human neuroglioma cells. Moreover, USP8 depletion increased BACE1 ubiquitination, promoted BACE1 accumulation in the early endosomes and late endosomes/lysosomes, and decreased levels of BACE1 in the recycling endosomes." SIGNOR-266905 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 GAPPRRSsIRNAHSI 9606 12056906 t esanto "Pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation. The use of p47phox mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc?, ???, And ?." SIGNOR-89221 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT SH2B3 protein Q9UQQ2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr273 LEMPDNLyTFVLKVK 9606 BTO:0000782 9169414 t lperfetto "In vitro tyrosine phosphorylation of lnk by lck and zap-70. Tyrosine 297 would appear to be an attractive target for phosphorylation within the c-terminal domain. Our studies suggest that although lnk may participate in tcr signaling, its functions are in no way limiting during t cell development or activation." SIGNOR-48854 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1892 TPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120140 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT BACH1 protein O14867 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 31257023 t "Here, we show that heme triggers the degradation of Bach1, a pro-metastatic transcription factor, by promoting its interaction with the ubiquitin ligase Fbxo22." SIGNOR-259331 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "Av/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C175 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253202 NEUROG3 protein Q9Y4Z2 UNIPROT ASH1L protein Q9NR48 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19028584 f miannu "Ngn3 overexpression altered the expression of a number of regulatory genes, including ash1, ath3, ath5, chx10, neuroD, ngn1, ngn2, and NSCL1. Early gene ngn1 was induced, but ash1, ngn2, ath3, and chx10, whose expressions persist through later phases of neurogenesis, were down-regulated." SIGNOR-254629 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT SERPINB5 protein P36952 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 16304843 t lperfetto "In addition, androgen receptor (AR) can recognize and bind to the ARE element, and then inhibit the activity of maspin promoter" SIGNOR-253685 bortezomib chemical CHEBI:52717 ChEBI PSMB1 protein P20618 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000898 21504411 t miannu "Proteasome inhibition is a modern and surprisingly successful approach how to cancer treatment. Bortezomib (Velcade®) is a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor and has been approved for first-line treatment of multiple myeloma and second-line treatment of mantle cell lymphoma." SIGNOR-259306 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser227 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9606 10980595 t llicata "We have generated two monoclonal antibodies that recognize two phosphorylated sites, p-ser227 and p-thr577, in the n- and c-terminal kinase domains of rsk2, respectively. phosphorylation and activation of rsk2 by uv light involves the erk pathway" SIGNOR-81460 H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15635255 t esanto "Nbs1 physically interacts with ?-H2ax to form nuclear foci at dna damage sites. The inhibition of this interaction by introduction of anti-?-H2ax antibody into cells abolishes nbs1 foci formation in response to dna damage." SIGNOR-133020 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT HOMER3 protein Q9NSC5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser120 ARLAREKsQDGGELT -1 18480293 t miannu "Homer3 is phosphorylated at Ser120, Ser159, and Ser176 by CaMKII in vitro. Homer3 phosphorylation reduces its affinity for target molecules and modulates the Ca2+ signaling patterns induced by mGluR1α activation" SIGNOR-262684 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 12144526 t miannu "Phosphopeptide mapping, phospho amino acid analysis and immunoblotting using phospho-specific antibodies indicated that ilk predominantly phosphorylated the site critical for potent inhibition, i.e. Thr(38) of cpi-17" SIGNOR-90828 LIMS4 protein P0CW20 UNIPROT "IPP complex" complex SIGNOR-C380 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16493410 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin form a ternary complex (the IPP complex) that binds to ECM-ligated integrins. This complex regulates signalling pathways and connects the ECM with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-265766 TNFSF12 protein O43508 UNIPROT MYH3 protein P11055 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165 17314137 t miannu "TWEAK induces ubiquitination of MyHCf and expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in myotubes. our data show that TWEAK rapidly increases the conjugation of ubiquitin to MyHCf (Fig. 3A) and ubiquitination preceded the degradation of MyHCf (Fig. 2C and Fig. 3A)." SIGNOR-272628 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser32 LLDDRHDsGLDSMKD 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C14 9346241 t lperfetto "We described the purification of a 900 kda protein kinase complex, the ikb kinase (ikk), that phosphorylates ikbalfa and ikbbeta at the sites that mediate their ubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-52875 RNF128 protein Q8TEB7 UNIPROT ARHGDIB protein P52566 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000661 17114425 t miannu "We found that RhoGDIα and RhoGDIβ are ubiquitin E3 substrates of GRAIL. GRAIL uses nonlysine 48-ubiquitin linkage in polyubiquitinating RhoGDI. GRAIL was subsequently demonstrated to bind and ubiquitinate RhoGDI, although GRAIL-mediated ubiquitination of RhoGDI did not result in proteosomal degradation. Our data suggest that ubiquitination of RhoGDI by GRAIL does not result in proteolytic degradation. In fact, GRAIL activity appeared to increase RhoGDI stability." SIGNOR-271621 3-[4-[4-[2-[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl]-1-ethyl-3-pyrazolyl]phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea chemical CHEBI:91362 ChEBI AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192814 NPAS2 protein Q99743 UNIPROT BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements." SIGNOR-267966 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9916987 f gcesareni "The iaps have been shown to be induced by nf-kappab or v-rel in multiple cell lines and conversely, hiap1 and hiap2 have been shown to activate nf-kappab possibly forming a positive feed-back loop." SIGNOR-64100 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT TDRD1 protein Q9BXT4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003215 23319146 f miannu "In the prostate cancer cell line VCaP, downregulation of ERG by shRNA lead to a lower expression level of TDRD1 and resulted in a decreased activity of the TDRD1 promoter." SIGNOR-254067 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 9606 17510057 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)- binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and the p70 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1). In vitro activation of p70alfa by mtor-catalyzed phosphorylation involving p70alfa thr-412. Mtor-catalyzed p70alfa phosphorylation in vitro is accompanied by a substantial restoration in p70alfa kinase activity toward its physiologic substrate, the 40 s ribosomal protein s6. in response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-217071 L-serine chemical CHEBI:17115 ChEBI D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10090 BTO:0000142 12393813 t lperfetto "High levels of d-serine occur in the brain, challenging the notion that d-amino acids would not be present or play a role in mammals. d-serine levels in the brain are even higher than many l-amino acids, such as asparagine, valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan, among others. d-serine is synthesized by a serine racemase (SR) enzyme, which directly converts l- to d-serine. We now report that SR is a bifunctional enzyme, producing both d-serine and pyruvate in cultured cells and in vitro. Transfection of SR into HEK 293 cells elicits synthesis of d-serine and augmented release of pyruvate to culture media." SIGNOR-268271 ACTR3 protein P61158 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12479800 t "The subunits in mammalian cells are named Arp3, Arp2, p41-Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc and p16-Arc" SIGNOR-251513 CNBP protein P62633 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 23774591 t Luana "These data verified that the binding of CNBP with c-myc promoter G-quadruplex can indeed down-regulate its associated gene expression for a certain period of time. This result with human CNBP is somehow consistent with previous reports that c-myc G-quadruplex serves as a silencer of c-myc transcription [7] and CNBP promotes the formation of c-myc G-quadruplex." SIGNOR-261571 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271584 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser975 VRMKRPSsVKSLRSE -1 15081397 t lperfetto "PKCzeta phosphorylates KIBRA at serine 975 and 978" SIGNOR-249262 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT DGCR8 protein Q8WYQ5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr267 KRRTEEKyGGDSDHP 9606 BTO:0000007 26126715 t miannu "The kinase ABL phosphorylates the microprocessor subunit DGCR8 to stimulate primary microRNA processing in response to DNA damage. When coexpressed in HEK293T cells, ABL phosphorylated DGCR8 at Tyr(267)." SIGNOR-262604 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0003336 25343030 f miannu "Leptin exerts an inhibitory effect on AMPK in the hypothalamus, thereby stimulating ACC and subsequently suppressing food intake." SIGNOR-263510 KIF5A protein Q12840 UNIPROT Organelle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH159 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 9438838 f miannu "The kinesin superfamily of proteins plays a major role in this complex organelle transport. Kinesin is primarily associated with anterogradely transported membranous organelles in nerve axons. KIF5B and HsuKHC are expressed ubiquitously in many tissues, whereas KIF5A, KIF5C, and HsnKHC are specific to nerve tissue." SIGNOR-264067 DUSP5 protein Q16690 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 15713638 t fstefani "Here we demonstrate that dusp5, an inducible nuclear phosphatase, interacts specifically with erk2 via a kinase interaction motif (kim) within its amino-terminal noncatalytic domain. This binding determines the substrate specificity of dusp5 in vivo, as it inactivates erk2 but not jun n-terminal protein kinase or p38 map kinase." SIGNOR-134049 TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16098474 t scontino "TPO plays a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis by catalyzing both the iodination of tyrosine residues to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT) residues. The first step in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis is the binding of iodine to tyrosine residues in Tg, which yields MIT and DIT residues." SIGNOR-266957 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr159 DGSEPTKtPGRTSST 9606 20513426 t llicata "We show that vps34 is phosphorylated on thr159 by cdk1, thr159 phosphorylation negatively regulates the ptdins3 kinase activity of vps34 and autophagy" SIGNOR-165768 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 20651737 t lperfetto "Once activated by autophosphorylation, nik activates ikkalpha, which in turn phosphorylates nf-kb2. This stimulates limited proteasome-mediated proteolysis of nf-kb2 to p52. Removal of the carboxy-terminal ankyrin repeats from nf-kb2 releases the p52/RELB heterodimer, allowing its translocation to the nucleus where it instigates the expression of nf-kb target genes." SIGNOR-167060 BUB3 protein O43684 UNIPROT MCC complex SIGNOR-C382 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25092294 t miannu "The mitotic (or spindle assembly) checkpoint system delays anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. When the checkpoint is active, a Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) assembles and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). MCC is composed of the checkpoint proteins Mad2, BubR1, and Bub3 associated with the APC/C activator Cdc20." SIGNOR-265975 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser257 ISGQLVDsIAKTRDA -1 9162092 t "Ser221 and, to a lesser extent, Thr225 in MKK4 as necessary sites for basal and MEKK-induced autophosphorylation and activation of MKK4." SIGNOR-251420 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr248 EESEDPDyYQYNIQA 9534 BTO:0004055 11934902 t lperfetto "c-Src-dependent transcriptional activation of TFII-ITFII-I is a multifunctional transcription factor that is also involved in signal transduction. Here we show that TFII-I undergoes a c-Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation on tyrosine residues 248 and 611 and translocates to the nucleus in response to growth factor signaling" SIGNOR-247185 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000938 18794881 f lperfetto "The pten tumour suppressor is a lipid and protein phosphatase that inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-dependent by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (ptdinsp(3))." SIGNOR-252725 GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12145344 t lperfetto "HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEINS are essential for cell signaling throughout the body. The stimulatory G protein, Gs, couples activation of a host of different transmembrane receptors to adenylyl cyclase stimulation, leading to intracellular generation of cAMP" SIGNOR-268693 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser151 VARSNPKsPQKPIVR 9606 BTO:0000848 21478863 t "We show that overactivation of the MAPK pathway, induced by the oncogenic Ras in melanoma, induces constitutive phosphorylation of BRAF on Ser151 by ERK, which inhibits NRAS-BRAF interaction" SIGNOR-259921 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1092 TFLPVPEyINQSVPK 9606 BTO:0000567 10653583 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "After binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF), the EGF receptor (EGFR) becomes autophosphorylated via tyrosine." SIGNOR-236479 PRDM14 protein Q9GZV8 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 20953172 f miannu "We showed that PRDM14 regulates directly the expression of key pluripotency gene POU5F1 through its proximal enhancer." SIGNOR-255067 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000100 19291302 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "TNFα-dependent COMT downregulation was indeed mediated by the NF-κB pathway. Transient expression of p65, the essential component of NF-κB complexes, or IKKβ, the major positive regulator of NF-κB activition, significantly decreased P2-COMT reporter expression." SIGNOR-251965 SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser33 SETQHRGsAPHSESD 9606 22727668 t llicata "We found that activated akt binds and induces srpk1 autophosphorylation because akt-mediated phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of srpk1" SIGNOR-197989 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser165 LFQLGPPsPVKMPSP 9606 10906323 t gcesareni "Pttg is phosphorylated in vitro on ser(162) by map kinase and this phosphorylation site plays an essential role in pttg transactivation function." SIGNOR-79515 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT CDS1 protein Q92903 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15530773 f gcesareni "The pikk kinases serve as transducers of the damege signel, ultimately phosphorylating and activating the downstream effector kinases: checkpoint kinases 1 and 2." SIGNOR-130187 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser90 NYLDRFLsLEPVKKS -1 8058338 t miannu "PKA phosphorylates three distinct serine residues in cyclin D1 at positions 90, 197 and 234." SIGNOR-250347 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266478 indometacin chemical CHEBI:49662 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9057869 t miannu "Naproxen had similar activity against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (IC50s of 3.2 and 2.5 μM, respectively), whereas ibuprofen was approximately 100-fold more potent for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.1 μM) than for COX-1 (IC50 = 11 μM), and indomethacin was about 50-fold more potent for COX-1 (IC50 = 0.012 μM) than for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.56 μM)." SIGNOR-258607 FCHO2 protein Q0JRZ9 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 24789820 t lperfetto "Early recruitment of FCHo1/2, Eps15, epsin, and intersectin to the rims of assembling coated pits is essential for their stability and further growth" SIGNOR-260717 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation 9606 24142698 t "inferred from family member" Manara "Importantly, we found that PIM2 could directly phosphorylate PKM2 on the Thr-454 residue, resulting in an increase of PKM2 protein levels." SIGNOR-270287 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 YLEMDLSsPQTRYIP 9606 BTO:0000149 24342355 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that perk 1/2 can phosphorylate pro-caspase-8 at s387 by knocking-down the endogenous pro-caspase-8 using rnai and replacing it with its non-phosphorylatable counterpart (s387a), a significant increase in caspase-8 activity" SIGNOR-203473 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser53 GHSTGEDsAFQEPDS 9606 BTO:0000567 15070733 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of serines 53 and 123 (s53 and s123) of wee1a by polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) and cdk, respectively, are required for binding to beta-trcp." SIGNOR-123832 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF180 protein Q86T96 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271028 SOD3 protein P08294 UNIPROT dioxygen smallmolecule CHEBI:15379 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272272 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572;BTO:0000011;BTO:0005065 16431920 f "Dislodging hdac1 from the promoter" lperfetto "These data suggest that c/ebp beta activates a single unified pathway of adipogenesis involving its stimulation of ppargamma expression, which then activates c/ebp alpha expression by dislodging hdac1 from the promoter for degradation in the proteasome" SIGNOR-235358 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CASP8AP2 protein Q9UKL3 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17245429 t gcesareni "The caspase-8-binding protein flice-associated huge protein (flash) would form a molecular complex with caspase-8, thereby presumably activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by regulating caspase-8 activity." SIGNOR-152473 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 9677429 t "MAPK3/ERK1 is a MAPK which plays an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade." lperfetto "The mek1 proline-rich insert is required for efficient activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases erk1 and erk2 in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-244806 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1365 NVKCVAPyPSLLSSE 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 12475979 t gcesareni "Hepatocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase met is a substrate of the receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase dep-1" SIGNOR-96347 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT BHLHE41 protein Q9C0J9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16287852 t gcesareni "We identify the ctip and ctbp corepressors as novel components of the human rbp-jkappa/sharp-corepressor complex and show that ctip binds directly to the sharp repression domain. Functionally, ctip and ctbp augment sharp-mediated repression." SIGNOR-141613 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PARVA protein Q9NVD7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser4 sPQKSPSV 9606 22955285 t lperfetto "Actopaxin (alpha-parvin) is a paxillin, integrin-linked kinase, and F-actin binding focal adhesion protein with several serine phosphorylation sites in the amino terminus that contribute to the regulation of cell spreading and migration.|Actopaxin phosphorylation of Ser4/8 enhances cell migration whereas a nonphosphorylatable (Quint) mutant suppresses migration in U2OS osteosarcoma cells (7)." SIGNOR-265760 RMDN3 protein Q96TC7 UNIPROT "VAPB-PTPIP51 complex" complex SIGNOR-C275 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 30841933 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers regulate synaptic activity. VAPB and PTPIP51 localise and form contacts at synapses, and stimulating neuronal activity increases ER-mitochondria contacts and the VAPB-PTPIP51 interaction." SIGNOR-262119 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257746 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser613 EKKQITTsPITVRKN 9606 SIGNOR-C17 12372621 t lperfetto "Warts is a serine/threonine kinase and a dynamic component of the mitotic apparatus. We have found that cdc2/cyclin b forms a complex with a fraction of warts in the centrosome and phosphorylates the ser613 site of warts during mitosisit can be speculated that phosphorylation of warts by cdc2/cyclin b promotes a protein complex formation on the mitotic apparatus at early mitosis, which may be required for subsequent activation of warts kinase at the metaphase-anaphase transition." SIGNOR-94160 SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT Fibrinolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH6 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 10368279 f gcesareni "Pai-1 is the physiological inhibitor of the fibrinolytic pathway" SIGNOR-68481 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR PAH protein P00439 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9204951 f miannu "UVB light induces GTP-CH.-1 to increase the de novo synthesis of 6-BH4 in association with a concomitant increase in PAH activities, thus providing more L-tyrosine." SIGNOR-252207 RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264377 PTGDR protein Q13258 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256898 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ZFP36L1 protein Q07352 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser92 RFRDRSFsEGGERLL 9606 15538381 t llicata "Here we report that protein kinase b (pkb/akt) stabilizes are transcripts by phosphorylating brf1 at serine 92 (s92). Recombinant brf1 promoted in vitro decay of are-containing mrna (are-mrna), yet phosphorylation by pkb impaired this activity." SIGNOR-130376 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr929 STIIRSKtFSPGPQS 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t llicata "Moreover, we found that rsk1/2 specifically phosphorylates kibra at two highly conserved sites (thr(929) and ser(947)) in vitro and in cells. Rsk-mediated phosphorylation is required for kibra binding to rsk1, but not rsk2." SIGNOR-203306 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr475 TPLSSSNtIRRPRNY -1 1322130 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation sites for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C were located in a single peptide whose sequence was Arg-Arg-Asn-Ser-(P)-Phe-Thr-Pro-Leu-Ser-Ser-Ser-Asn-Thr(P)-Ile-Arg-Arg-Pro. The seryl residue nearest the N terminus was the residue specifically phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, whereas the threonine residue nearest the C terminus was phosphorylated by protein kinase C. | Phosphorylation of bovine heart Fru-6-P,B-kinase by either protein kinase C or CAMP-dependent protein kinase results in activation of the enzyme." SIGNOR-248844 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 11432829 t gcesareni "Ptp-pest is an efficient negative regulator of lymphocyte activation. This function correlated with the ability of ptp-pest to induce dephosphorylation of shc, pyk2, fak and cas, and inactivate the ras pathway." SIGNOR-109032 N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91399 ChEBI CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207090 ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT FTH1 protein P02794 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17565989 f miannu "Here we found that ATF1 (activating transcription factor 1) is a transcriptional repressor of the ferritin H ARE." SIGNOR-253741 KNG1 protein P01042 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 cleavage:Arg381;Arg389 GMISLMKrPPGFSPF;PPGFSPFrSSRIGEI 28966616 t lperfetto "BK binds receptor B2 (B2R) and triggers inflammation, edema, and symptoms of anaphylaxis." SIGNOR-263554 "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR Cell_killing phenotype SIGNOR-PH149 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 30552328 f lperfetto "Our work provides a structural basis for understanding how β-pore forming proteins breach the membrane and reveals a mechanism for how MAC kills pathogens and regulates cell functions." SIGNOR-263454 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 SQKTYQGsYGFRLGF 9606 23201157 t gcesareni "Ser-106 phosphorylation of p53 decreases its interaction with mdm2 and prolongs the half-life of p53" SIGNOR-199939 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 10649448 f gcesareni "The dose of DEX required to promote maximal expression of PPARg mRNA is approximately 10 nM, which is within the range of the Kd for the association of DEX with the glucocorticoid receptor in 3T3-L1 cells" SIGNOR-255753 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15917222 t miannu "Ck1_ and ck1_2 can promote proteasome-dependent per1 degradation in mammalian tissue culture cells, and their removal by rnai leads to an increased abundance of per1." SIGNOR-137706 CyclinD3/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C234 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-273029 CyclinD3/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C234 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser397 SMVGGERsPPRILPP 9606 BTO:0000007 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-273030 COL4A2 protein P08572 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35267698 t lperfetto "Integrins constitute a major group of receptors for extracellular matrix components, including collagens.|Among the four types, the signaling mechanism of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins has especially been reported. These integrins bind to both collagen types I and IV; however, their affinities differ: α1β1 has a higher affinity for collagen type IV, while α2β1 preferentially binds to collagen type I [13,23]." SIGNOR-272348 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser160 PVRLLGHsPVLRNIT 9606 SIGNOR-C17 12107172 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that serine 146 is required for two crucial features of cdc25b1. It is essential for cdc25b1 to function as a mitotic inducer and to prevent cdc25b1 export from the nucleus. We also show that serine 146 is phosphorylated in vitro by cdk1-cyclin b. Serine 146 phosphorylation is proposed to be a key event in the regulation of the cdc25b function" SIGNOR-90451 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr179 LGSKGQKtTQNRYSF -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273489 F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 SIGNOR-C319 29880919 t lperfetto "TF has a high affinity for FVII and enables the trace levels (∼1% of the total FVII) of activated FVII (FVIIa) in the blood to cleave specific sites in the serine proteases FIX and FX, activating them into FIXa and FXa, respectively." SIGNOR-263544 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254860 HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266455 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT mir-10b mirna URS00004CAC40_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23132946 f irozzo "We then showed that ectopic expression of MLL fusion genes in both human and mouse normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells could significantly down-regulate endogenous expression of miR-495 and that the depletion of MLL fusions resulted in the up-regulation of miR-495. Thus, our data suggest that there is an MLL-fusion–mediated negative regulation of the production of miR-495 in hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-255887 MMP21 protein Q8N119 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272389 MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT MIR1-1 mirna URS000075CF56_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21730352 f miannu "We provide evidence that PU.1 directly controls expression of at least 4 of these miRs (miR-146a, miR-342, miR-338, and miR-155) through temporally dynamic occupation of binding sites within regulatory chromatin regions adjacent to their genomic coding loci. We conclude that PU.1 bound to open chromatin near 4 of its induced miR loci with 2 types of kinetics: (1) permanent (miR-146a, miR-342, and miR-338) and (2) transient (miR-155) during myeloid differentiation." SIGNOR-256241 IQSEC2 protein Q5JU85 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 27009485 t miannu "BRAG1 increases the synaptic recycling pool of AMPARs.these data suggest that the BRAG1 enhancement of AMPAR transmission is mediated by the increased expression of the recycling pool of synaptic GluA2/3 receptors." SIGNOR-264916 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18719589 f lperfetto "Bmp7 activates a full program of brown adipogenesis including induction of early regulators of brown fat fate prdm16 (pr-domain-containing 16;ref. 4) and pgc-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) coactivator-1alpha;ref. 5), increased expression of the brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and adipogenic transcription factors ppargamma and ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase-(also known as mapk14) and pgc-1-dependent pathways" SIGNOR-180311 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 CSKIGPPsPGDDEEE 9606 17685427 t gcesareni "Here, we show that sp3, which, as sp1, belongs to the gc-rich binding transcription factor family, is also phosphorylated by erk in vitro on serine 73." SIGNOR-157276 "CFII complex" complex SIGNOR-C387 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 30139799 t lperfetto "Cleavage factor II (CF II) is a poorly characterized component of the multiprotein complex catalyzing 3' cleavage and polyadenylation of mammalian mRNA precursors. We have reconstituted CF II as a heterodimer of hPcf11 and hClp1. The heterodimer is active in partially reconstituted cleavage reactions" SIGNOR-266121 GNG3 protein P63215 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 16537363 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-252684 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 inhibited foxo3's ability to induce cell death." SIGNOR-252939 PELI3 protein Q8N2H9 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12874243 f gcesareni "Pellino3 leads to activation of c-jun and elk-1, but not nf-kappab" SIGNOR-103989 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT RAC2 protein P15153 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds has been previously shown to activate a wide variety of small gtpases, including the ras family members rap1a, rap1b, and k-ras, as well as the rho family members cdc42, rac1, rac2, rhoa, and rhob" SIGNOR-171421 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser464 LLKHVTQsSRKLIRA 9606 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation" SIGNOR-129300 ARFGAP1 protein Q8N6T3 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 22363216 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q8N6T3-2" flangone "The gtp hydrolysis activity of lrrk2 is markedly enhanced by arfgap1 supporting a role for arfgap1 as a gtpase-activating protein for lrrk2.Lrrk2 and arfgap1 interact in vitro in mammalian cells and in vivo in brain, and co-localize in the cytoplasm and at golgi membranes" SIGNOR-196264 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT PON2 protein Q15165 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19497963 f miannu "UPA upregulated PON2 expression in a sterol regulatory binding protein-2 (SREBP-2)-dependent manner, since blocking SREBP-2 maturation by 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride abolished uPA-stimulation of PON2, whereas inhibition of SREBP-2 catabolism by N-acetyl-leucyl-norleucinal had an opposite effect." SIGNOR-255225 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser661 SSNDSRSsLIRKRST 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272512 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT GIT2 protein Q14161 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr592 NSTPESDyDNTPNDM 9606 16317044 t fspada "Conversely, a gfp-pkl phosphorylation mutant, y286/392/592f (gfp-pkl triple yf) (brown et al., 2005), was not phosphorylated during adhesion and the addition of ptp-pest had no effect, suggesting one or more of these tyrosine residues are dephosphorylated by ptppest. Taken together, these data strongly suggest pkl as a direct substrate for ptp-pest." SIGNOR-142719 MMP24 protein Q9Y5R2 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272391 MMP25 protein Q9NPA2 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272392 85375-15-1 chemical CID:6917797 PUBCHEM SLC6A1 protein P30531 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206960 NCL protein P19338 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10660576 t miannu "We identify nucleolin as one of the nuclear polypeptides that interact specifically with the A-Myb and c-Myb. We show that the interaction of nucleolin with Myb is functional because co-transfection of nucleolin down-regulates Myb transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-221236 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp1405 CPGYPETdHGLFEDP 9606 12907805 t lperfetto "Like other dependence receptors, ptc1 contains a dependence-as-associated receptor c-terminal motif that is cleaved by caspases at a conserved aspartic acid (asp 1392) in the absence of shh, to expose a proapoptotic domain." SIGNOR-256438 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24622840 t miannu "STING recruits TBK1 and IKKε and forms the TBK1-IKKε complex via the association with TRAF3. The TBK1 complex induces the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3." SIGNOR-260155 (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-2-fluoro-9-purinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol chemical CHEBI:94701 ChEBI RRM2 protein P31350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7048062 t miannu "In vitro biological activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine and the biochemical actions of its triphosphate on DNA polymerases and ribonucleotide reductase from HeLa cells. 2-F-araATP was a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase" SIGNOR-258405 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNB2 protein Q08289 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser533 KKSQHRSsSSAPHHN 10441130 t miannu "Voltage-dependent L-type calcium (Ca) channels are heteromultimeric proteins that are regulated through phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) Mutagenesis of a single residue at Ser459 resulted in the loss of one site of phosphorylation by PKA, and mutagenesis of two residues at Ser478/479 resulted in the loss of approximately two sites of PKA-mediated phosphorylation" SIGNOR-250340 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT TEKT2 protein Q9UIF3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266937 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT STAP2 protein Q9UGK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr22 GVLPSHYyESFLEKK 9606 12540842 t lperfetto "To examine this possibility, STAP-2 was co-transfected with constitutively active tyrosine kinases in HEK-293 cells. STAP-2 was strongly phosphorylated by various tyrosine kinases, including v-Src (Fig.2 A-a), a JAK2 tyrosine kinase Tyr-22 and Tyr-322 are the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites by v-Src." SIGNOR-247333 EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr772 EDDPEATyTTSGGKI 9606 18387945 t lperfetto "The binding of ephrin ligands to eph receptors induces the transphosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domains and initiates kinase activity.Taken together, these results suggest that tyr587, tyr593, tyr771, and tyr734 are likely to be autophospho-rylated in vascular endothelial cells." SIGNOR-178181 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser56 SRSLYASsPGGVYAT 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 15766329 t llicata "In the present study, pak1 was able to phosphorylate vimentin on ser-56 in vitro." SIGNOR-134520 "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 23142081 t miannu " We provide evidence that mTORC2 can stabilize Fbw8, the substrate-targeting subunit of the CUL7 E3 ligase complex that has been shown to mediate degradation of IRS-1 ." SIGNOR-271941 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259221 IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15120645 t miannu "Despite signaling through distinct receptor complexes, type I IFNs and IFN-lambda activate similar signaling events and biological activities, consistent with their common ability to mediate an antiviral state in cells (Fig. 6). In both cases, receptor engagement leads via the activation of the Jak kinases Jak1 and Tyk2 to the activation of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) transcription complex, composed of latent transcriptional factors of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family, Stat1 and Stat2, and of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) IRF9 (ISGF3g or p48)." SIGNOR-260147 KIF20B protein Q96Q89 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272528 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256696 RAB38 protein P57729 UNIPROT "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23247405 t miannu "Rab32 and Rab38 interact physically and colocalize with BLOC-2, AP-1 and AP-3|These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 operate in the same pathways previously defined for AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2 and suggest they are the specific proteins that divert AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2-dependent cargoes to maturing melanosomes and away from lysosomes." SIGNOR-268526 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 BTO:0000007 16543730 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of GSK3 by PKB or SGK1 inhibits GSK3 activity|estern blotting using an antibody specific for the PKB/SGK1 consensus phosphorylation site in GSK3a/beta (serine 21 and 9 respectively) revealed an increase in GSK3a/beta phosphorylation in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells overexpressing wild type SGK1, constitutively active SGK1, but not catalytically inactive SGK1.|The effect of SGK1 was mimicked by PKB and SGK3." SIGNOR-249167 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser261 CNLSRVDsTTCLFPV 9606 17941647 t gcesareni "Amp-activated protein kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase ii were identified to phosphorylate specifically ser243 in vitro. Phosphorylation by these two kinases results in an increase of enzymatic activity by 1.4-fold. These findings suggest for the first time that hgfat1 may be regulated by kinases other than pka." SIGNOR-158490 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr635 SQCGYSStIVHVPPP 9534 BTO:0000298 11865049 t llicata "The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, CKIepsilon and CKIdelta are able to induce nuclear translocation of mPer3, which requires its nuclear localization signal. The mutation in potential phosphorylation sites on mPer3 decreased the extent of both nuclear translocation and degradation of mPer3 that are stimulated by CKIepsilon. | In mut7 in which all of the conserved serine and threonine residues in this region were mutated, the ratio of the shifted band was greatly reduced reproducibly. " SIGNOR-250820 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser215 PLTSPGGsPGGCPGE 9606 BTO:0001131 9630228 t lperfetto "Dominant-negative cki alpha Induces nuclear import of nf-at4 these results demonstrated that the cki alpha Phosphorylation sites identified in vitro were also specifically phosphorylated by cki alpha In vivo, and that these residues were crucial for the masking of the nls of nf-at4." SIGNOR-109781 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP also mediates recruitment of PP2A to ASK1, binding both proteins through its C2 domain; this favors removal of the inhibitory S967 phosphorylation and further activation of ASK1" SIGNOR-254748 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser476 MNILGSQsPLHPSTL 9606 15952796 t lperfetto "We show that grb10 is a direct substrate of the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)we identified ser(150), ser(418), and ser(476) of human grb10zeta as mapk-mediated in vitro phosphorylation sites. Replacing ser(150) and ser(476) with alanines reduced the inhibitory effect of human grb10zeta on insulin-stimulated irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings suggest that phosphorylation of the adaptor protein may provide a feedback inhibitory mechanism by which grb10 regulates insulin signaling." SIGNOR-138167 NHS protein Q6T4R5 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20332100 t miannu "NHS knockdown also resulted in the mislocalization of the Arp2/3 complex and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. in the absence of NHS, Arp2/3 localization and F-actin distribution are disrupted, suggesting that Arp2/3 actin-nucleation activity is mediated, in part, by NHS providing an additional functional link between NHS and actin." SIGNOR-253566 phenylalanine smallmolecule CHEBI:28044 ChEBI GCHFR protein P30047 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 11361142 t miannu "The enzyme activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I is controlled by a regulatory protein for this enzyme, GFRP, which is a pentamer of identical subunits. GFRP mediates feedback inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity by BH4, and the inhibition by BH4 is reversed by phenylalanine" SIGNOR-252205 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser886 PVDPRRRsLPAGDAL 9606 19667072 t gcesareni "We identify gef-h1 as a binding target and substrate for p21-activated kinase 1 (pak1), we show that phosphorylation of gef-h1 at ser(885) by pak1 induces 14-3-3 binding to the exchange factor and relocation of 14-3-3 to microtubules." SIGNOR-187573 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 23552696 t lperfetto "Active AKT, a common mediator of cell survival signals induced by radiation through multiple intracellular signaling pathways,11, 12 suppresses apoptosis. AKT positively regulates cyclin D1 expression through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ (GSK3_). The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ on serine9 decreases its kinase activity for Thr286 of cyclin D1, which inhibits the nuclear export and the cytoplasmic proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1" SIGNOR-245428 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12202491 t lperfetto "Both of these pp1 isoforms contain an arg-pro-ile/val-thr-pro-pro-arg sequence near the c terminus, a known site of phosphorylation by cdc/cdk kinases, and phosphorylation attenuates phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-264648 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr419 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 7578094 t lperfetto "These data are consistent with autophosphorylation on y-419 as predicted. Intermolecular autophosphorylation is consistent with the ability of srctk to dimerize, which is analogous to activation of receptor tyrosine kinases such as the egf receptor kinase in response to growth factors." SIGNOR-29369 ATXN2L protein Q8WWM7 UNIPROT DDX6 protein P26196 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 23209657 t miannu "Ataxin-2-like associates with known interaction partners of ataxin-2, the rna helicase ddx6" SIGNOR-199948 959122-11-3 chemical CID:24768261 PUBCHEM DGAT1 protein O75907 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205695 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RYR2 protein Q92736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2808 YNRTRRIsQTSQVSV -1 14532276 t miannu "PKA-mediated hyperphosphorylation of a conserved serine, Ser-2843 in skeletal RyR and Ser-2809 in cardiac RyR, results in an aberrant SR function during heart failure. hyperphosphorylated RyRs are leaky and therefore lead to a reduced SR Ca2+ load and impaired contractile function in heart failure" SIGNOR-250079 IL12B protein P29460 UNIPROT IL12RB1 protein P42701 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7527811 t fspada "Characterization of the p40 proteins for binding and bioactivity showed that both the p40 monomer and dimer inhibited 125i-labeled il-12 binding to il-12r, but the 80-kda species, having a 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 20 to 70 ng/ml, was at least 20-fold more effective than the monomer. The results suggest that the il-12 p40 subunit contains the essential epitopes for receptor binding." SIGNOR-27690 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT LONP1 protein P36776 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser173 VFLKRDDsNESDVVE 9606 BTO:0001061 31406245 t lperfetto "In mitochondria, LonP1 is phosphorylated by Akt on Ser173 and Ser181, enhancing its protease activity." SIGNOR-265724 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser245 NQSMDTGsPAELSPT 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248310 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT TRPC7 protein Q9HCX4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr15 KNMQRRHtTLREKGR 9534 BTO:0000298 21402151 t miannu "In vitro and in vivo kinase assays have revealed that cGK-Iα phosphorylates mouse TRPC7 but not mouse TRPC3. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis revealed that TRPC7 was phosphorylated by cGK-Iα at threonine 15. Phosphorylation of TRPC7 significantly suppressed carbachol-induced calcium influx and CREB phosphorylation. These data indicate that cGK-Iα interacts with and phosphorylates TRPC7, contributing to the quick and accurate regulation of calcium influx and CREB phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263184 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 22169964 f miannu "17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. . In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. In the present study, by means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253468 NOX3 protein Q9HBY0 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264715 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT VPS39 protein Q96JC1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 12941698 t miannu "TLP interacts with TGF-β and activin receptors in vivo. Endogenous TLP associates with both active and kinase-deficient TGF-beta and activin type II receptors, but interacts with the common-mediator Smad4 only in the presence of TGF-beta/activin signaling." SIGNOR-261376 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr42 DSMKDEEyEQMVKEL 14534291 t lperfetto "Loss of tyrosine kinase p56lck in Jurkat cells abolished NFkappaB activation and partially suppressed and delayed phosphorylation of Tyr-42 of IkappaB upon pervanadate treatment. |Transfection of these cells with wild type Lck but not with mutant Lck F394 followed by H/R induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB (IkappaBalpha) and transcriptional activation of NFkappaB, and these are inhibited by Lck inhibitors" SIGNOR-249374 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002590 17487558 f miannu "Immunoblot analysis showed that HEY/si-TWIST cells exhibited decreased expression levels of CD29, CD44 and CD54 compared to those of HEY/si-scrambled cells" SIGNOR-255512 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "2-ammonio-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58725 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21310273 t miannu "GFPT1 catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamine onto fructose-6-phosphate, yielding glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) and glutamate. This transamidase reaction has been identified as the first and rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is the obligatory source of essential amino sugars for the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans" SIGNOR-268097 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17573348 t gcesareni "Here we show in vitro that lkb1 phosphorylates and activates mark2" SIGNOR-156126 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RNF40 protein O75150 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21763684 t gcesareni "E3 ubiquitin ligase, a heterodimeric complex of the ringfinger rfn20/rfn40 is phosphorylated by atm." SIGNOR-175003 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t "inferred from family member" miannu "P53 regulates basal expression of AIF and SCO2 and facilitates oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, and HK2 is negatively regulated by p53, whereas TIGAR expression is induced by p53. The net result of p53-mediated regulation of these glycolytic enzymes is the suppression of glycolysis. In addition, p53 directly binds and inhibits G6PD activity and downregulates the pentose phosphate pathway." SIGNOR-270272 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR DTX4 protein Q9Y2E6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271108 FBXO6 protein Q9NRD1 UNIPROT ERO1A protein Q96HE7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27855403 t miannu "Ero1L is a ubiquitination substrate of FBXO6. FBXO6 mediates the degradation of Ero1L through a ubiquitylation-dependent pathway. Overexpression of FBXO6 increased the polyubiquitination and decreased the stability of Ero1L, whereas inhibition of FBXO6 prolonged the half-life of Ero1L. FBXO6 is the substrate recognition component of a Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin E3 ligase complex" SIGNOR-272326 glucose chemical CHEBI:17234 ChEBI AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000222 18477450 f "Glucose restriction (GR) impaired differentiation of skeletal myoblasts and was associated with activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)." SIGNOR-256137 HAUS6 protein Q7Z4H7 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19029337 t miannu "FAM29A recruits NEDD1 to spindle MTs. Ectopically expressed NEDD1 and FAM29A interact with each other." SIGNOR-261421 ZFHX3 protein Q15911 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11314020 f miannu "We investigated AFP gene regulation in AFP-GC by an active transcription factor, HNF1 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1) and a repressive transcription factor, ATBF1 (AT motif binding factor 1). CAT assays showed the direct inhibition of AFP gene expression by ATBF1." SIGNOR-254436 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001103 21902831 f gcesareni "Wnt1 and wnt7a stimulation of precursor cells activates protein kinase a (pka), which, through the phosphorylation of creb, induces the expression of the myogenic transcription factors myf5, myod and pax3, resulting in the myogenic commitment of embryonic precursors." SIGNOR-176572 STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21808241 t "The regulation of MOB1 and LATS1/2 by MST1/2 may be organ and disease-specific." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2 mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-270221 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 QQQQQETsPRQQQQQ 9606 BTO:0001130 21799006 t gcesareni "At first, the data show that cdk5 enables phosphorylation of ar at ser-81 site through direct biochemical interaction and, therefore, results in the stabilization of ar proteins although ar was reported as substrates for cdk9 (5) as well as cdk1" SIGNOR-175692 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11350724 t lperfetto "Adaptors such as Shc, Grb2, Crk or the recently characterised Dok-R protein (Jones Dumont 1999) show a modular structure containing protein– protein interaction domains and putative phosphorylation sites and act as signalling platforms which extend the receptor’s repertoire of activated intracellular pathways." SIGNOR-107712 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257927 L-serine chemical CHEBI:17115 ChEBI pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10090 BTO:0000142 12393813 t lperfetto "High levels of d-serine occur in the brain, challenging the notion that d-amino acids would not be present or play a role in mammals. d-serine levels in the brain are even higher than many l-amino acids, such as asparagine, valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan, among others. d-serine is synthesized by a serine racemase (SR) enzyme, which directly converts l- to d-serine. We now report that SR is a bifunctional enzyme, producing both d-serine and pyruvate in cultured cells and in vitro. Transfection of SR into HEK 293 cells elicits synthesis of d-serine and augmented release of pyruvate to culture media." SIGNOR-268269 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PELP1 protein Q8IZL8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser991 PALPPPEsPPKVQPE 9606 20807815 t llicata "We identified ser(477) and ser(991) of pelp1 as cdk phosphorylation sites. we conclude that pelp1 is a novel substrate of interphase cdks and that its phosphorylation is important for the proper function of pelp1 in modulating hormone-driven cell cycle progression and also for optimal e2f transactivation function." SIGNOR-167766 PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1039 NWLAHNVsKDNRQ 9606 10064595 t gcesareni "Autophosphorylation of p110delta phosphoinositide 3-kinase: a new paradigm for the regulation of lipid kinases in vitro and in vivo in vitro autophosphorylation of p110delta completely down-regulates its lipid kinase activity." SIGNOR-65186 PKI-587 chemical CID:44516953 PUBCHEM PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252650 SPTAN1 protein Q13813 UNIPROT ERCC4 protein Q92889 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 19102630 f lperfetto "We have shown that in the nucleus alphaRIISp is involved in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (13,14). It binds to purified DNA containing an interstrand crosslink; it colocalizes with the cross-link repair protein, XPF, in damage-induced nuclear foci after treatment of cells with a DNA interstrand cross-linking agent, and it is needed for the production of incisions by XPF at the site of an interstrand cross-link" SIGNOR-263276 PCM1 protein Q15154 UNIPROT NIN protein Q8N4C6 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12403812 t miannu "Rna silencing of pcm-1 leads to reduced assembly of centrin, pericentrin, and ninein at the centrosome" SIGNOR-95077 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT GPKOW protein Q92917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser27 SFGFTRTsARRRLAD -1 21880142 t miannu "Using yeast two-hybrid screening with the PKA Cβ2 subunit as bait we identified GPKOW, also known as MOS2 homolog or T54 protein, as an interaction partner for Cβ2. PKA phosphorylates GPKOW at S27 and T316 in vitro. GPKOWs ability to bind RNA is sensitive to mutations of its PKA phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-266311 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 17158707 t lperfetto "The JNK-mediated phosphorylation of both Ser63 and Ser73 within the transactivation domain of c-Jun (Table _(Table1)1) potentiates its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-36466 RPS16 protein P62249 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262435 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257918 SMG1 protein Q96Q15 UNIPROT UPF1 protein Q92900 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr28 AELLGADtQGSEFEF 9606 23356578 t lperfetto "Smg-1 directly phosphorylates upf1 helicase, another key component of nmd, upon recognition of ptc on postspliced mrna during the initial round of translation. Phosphorylated-upf1 recruits the smg-5/smg-7 complex to induce ribosome dissociation and decapping-mediated decay. T28 and s1096 are responsible for phospho-specific recruitment of smg-6 to the n-terminal conserved region, and the smg-5/smg-7 heterodimer complex to the c-terminal sq-rich region of upf1, respectively" SIGNOR-200793 AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr821 QEPDEILyVNMDEGG -1 9178760 t llicata "Our data showed that various receptor substrates are at least associated with the C-terminal tyrosine pY821. Two additional potential autophosphorylation sites (pY866 and pY779) may play a minor role in binding of e€ector proteins" SIGNOR-250592 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BW1 protein Q7Z2G1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271989 RFX1 protein P22670 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12032779 f miannu "Several different transcription factors have been implicated in the down-regulation of c-myc expression during differentiation, including C/EBPalpha, CTCF, BLIMP-1, and RFX1." SIGNOR-253829 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser62 LLPTPPLsPSRRSGL 9606 16987807 t esanto "Phosphorylation at ser-62 by pro-directed kinases (p-k) is a prerequisite for gsk3-dependent phosphorylation of thr-58. This triggers binding of pin1, subsequently protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a)-dependent dephosphorylation of ser-62, and then recruitment of scf-fbw7 to the thr-58-phosphorylated myc. Scf-fbw7 polyubiquitinylates myc (branching through lys-48), leading to its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-149726 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t miannu "Pim kinases phosphorylate multiple sites on Bad and promote 14-3-3 binding and dissociation from Bcl-XL. pim kinases are constitutively active when expressed in HEK-293 cells and are able to phosphorylate the Bcl-2 family member Bad on three residues, Ser112, Ser136 and Ser155 in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-250392 "C3 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C310 SIGNOR "C5 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C312 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 31331124 t lperfetto "C3b associates with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase and cleaves C5." SIGNOR-263447 CGA protein P01215 UNIPROT TSHR protein P16473 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12045258 t miannu "Human thyrotropin (tsh), follitropin (fsh), lutropin (lh), and chorionic gonadotropin (cg) are members of the glycoprotein hormone family derived from heterodimerization of a common ? Subunit with hormone-specific ? Subunits. These hormones were originally purified from the anterior pituitary (tsh, lh, and fsh) and placenta (human cg) and shown to activate specific g protein_coupled receptors in the thyroid (tsh receptor) and gonads (lh and fsh receptors), respectively" SIGNOR-88519 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19135240 t gcesareni "P38delta catalyzes an inhibitory phosphorylation of pkd1, thereby attenuating stimulated insulin secretion." SIGNOR-183280 crizotinib chemical CHEBI:64310 ChEBI ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258101 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RBL1 protein P28749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser650 SVHERYSsPTAGSAK 9606 12006580 t llicata "Here we assessed the effects of alanine substitution at the individual or combined Cdk4(6)-specific sites in p130, compared with homologous sites in p107 (Thr(369)/Ser(650)/Ser(964)). In U-2-OS cells, the triple p107(DeltaCdk4)* mutant strongly inhibited E2F-4 activity and imposed a G(1) arrest resistant to cyclin D1 coexpression. " SIGNOR-250763 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser446 SGIKSHNsALYSQVQ 9606 15574499 t amattioni "Ikkbeta phosphorylates dok1 s(439)s(443) and s(446)s(450) after tnf-alpha, il-1, or gamma-radiation. mutant dok1 a(439), a(443), a(446), and a(450) differed from wild-type dok1 in not inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation or cell growth. Mutant dok1 a(439), a(443), a(446), and a(450) also did not promote cell motility whereas wild-type dok1 promoted cell motility." SIGNOR-131455 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 9606 21892142 t lperfetto "Another recently described set of transcriptional regulators targeted by ampk and its related family members across a range of eukaryotes are the class iia family of histone deacetylases (hdacs)" SIGNOR-216596 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15866158 t "Induction of the p21WAF1/Cip1 gene by Notch 1 activation in differentiating keratinocytes is associated with direct targeting of the RBP-J_ protein to the p21 promoter." SIGNOR-252032 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe709 ENPTYKFfEQMQN -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261777 SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12666095 f lperfetto "Furthermore, mutant isoforms of alpha-synuclein more readily oligomerize, and it has been suggested that its tendency to aggregate into misfolded structures may confer toxic properties to the protein." SIGNOR-249702 GHITM protein Q9H3K2 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 18417609 t Giulio "MICS1 was clearly coprecipitated with cytochrome c-3FLAG and the amount was DSP concentration-dependent (Figure 6A). Together with the finding that overexpression of exogenous MICS1 delayed the apoptotic release of cytochrome c in normal-serum level medium (Figure 4A), these results suggest that MICS1 helps to retain cytochrome c in the inner membrane, apart from the morphological changes." SIGNOR-260294 CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 10201980 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of CD19 Y484 and Y515, and linked activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are required for B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase." SIGNOR-249608 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr771 ADIESSNyMAPYDNY 9606 18567737 t gcesareni "Ptp1b blocked pdgf-induced tyr716 and tyr751 phosphorylation of the pdgfr." SIGNOR-179080 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9727023 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner." SIGNOR-59819 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1714 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203536 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 33859667 t SaraGualdi "The mechanism of KDM5B recruitment is quite specific and requires the presence of nucleosomes containing histone variant MacroH2A1.1 and PARylation by PARP1." SIGNOR-271574 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21133840 t "simone vumbaca" "TNF alpha and IFN gamma exhibit a cross-talk at the level of TNFR1 to induce activation of macrophages" SIGNOR-256025 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-266338 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 GPQRERKsSSSSEDR 9606 10869359 t gcesareni "We show that phosphorylation of b-raf by akt occurs at multiple residues within its amino terminal regulatory domain, at both the conserved and unique phosphorylation sites. Akt phosphorylated b-raf on s364 and s428 to inactivate its kinase activity b-raf contains three akt consensus sites, table i. One site, ser364 is conserved with c-raf;however, two sites, ser428 and thr439, are unique to b-raf" SIGNOR-78685 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser314 MLATRNFsGGKSGGN 9606 1324926 t lperfetto "After removal of ca2+/calmodulin, the autonomous kinase undergoes a burst of inhibitory autophosphorylation at sites distinct from the autonomy site. Ca(2+)-independent autophosphorylation occurs within the calmodulin binding domain at thr305, thr306, and ser314" SIGNOR-17308 trametinib chemical CHEBI:75998 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192823 CCN2 protein P29279 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18528331 t gcesareni "Igfbp-4 physically interacted with a wnt receptor, frizzled 8 (frz8), and a wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (lrp6), and inhibited the binding of wnt3a to frz8 and lrp6." SIGNOR-178875 VAV2 protein P52735 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260583 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT ZNF281 protein Q9Y2X9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001615 phosphorylation:Ser638 PRVDLHTsGEHSELV 29179460 t lperfetto "E3 ligase the beta-transducin repeat-containing protein 2 (beta-TrCP2) governs the ubiquitination and degradation of ZNF281. In human CRC specimens, endogenous beta-TrCP2 were inversely correlated with ZNF281." SIGNOR-264897 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr212 VIEPLPVtPTRDVAT 10116 BTO:0001260 15542607 t lperfetto "We also show that ERK2 phosphorylates PAK1 on Thr(212) in vitro and that Thr(212) is phosphorylated in smooth muscle cells following PDGF-BB treatment in an adhesion- and MEK/ERK-dependent fashion. Expression of a phosphomimic variant, PAK-T212E, does not alter ERK association, but markedly attenuates downstream ERK signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that PAK1 may facilitate ERK signaling by serving as a scaffold to recruit Raf, MEK, and ERK to adhesion complexes, and that subsequent growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of PAK-Thr(212) by ERK may serve to provide a negative feedback signal" SIGNOR-249432 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-176370 SH2B1 protein Q9NRF2 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 27154742 t lperfetto "The SH2B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) is a key regulator of leptin, as it enhances leptin signalling by both stimulating Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) activity and assembling a JAK2/IRS1/2 signalling complex" SIGNOR-253078 CALU protein O43852 UNIPROT GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000759 15075329 t lperfetto "Results are presented that demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein calumenin is associated with gamma-carboxylase and inhibits its activity." SIGNOR-265910 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20118921 t gcesareni "Nlk-phosphorylated notch1icd is impaired in its ability to form a transcriptionally_ active_ ternary_ complex." SIGNOR-163697 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PTRH2 protein Q9Y3E5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser87 GKVAAQCsHAAVSAY 9606 18703509 t lperfetto "Overexpression of constitutively active pkd or pkd activation by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate results in phosphorylation of two serine residues (ser5 and ser87) in a form of bit1 that is confined to the cytoplasm and concomitantly increases the apoptotic activity of cytoplasmic bit1" SIGNOR-180089 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser159 DGSCSSSsPPLPVLG 9606 15632084 t amattioni "Phosphorylation of serines 159 and 197 by erk1/2 enhances proteasomal degradation of mkp-3" SIGNOR-132975 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT SLAMF1 protein Q13291 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr327 ETNSITVyASVTLPE 9534 BTO:0000298 11806999 t "All 3 tyrosines of CD150 (Tyr281, Tyr307, Tyr327) are phosphorylated by the src kinase Fyn. CD150 is unique among its homologues in the immunoglobulin superfamily in that it is able to bind SAP, a floating SH2 domain, in the absence of tyrosine phosphorylation. In this study, using a detailed mutagenesis mapping approach we have shown that SAP binding to CD150 is in fact bimodal. Prior to tyrosine phosphorylation, SAP binds the membrane-proximal motif surrounding Tyr281. Following tyrosine phosphorylation by tyrosine kinases such as Fyn, SAP binds additionally to the distal motif surrounding Tyr327." SIGNOR-251183 ADNP protein Q9H2P0 UNIPROT CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0001086 SIGNOR-C407 31491387 t miannu "These results argue against the simultaneous binding of CTCF and ADNP to the same genomic loci. Instead, they support a model in which ADNP counteracts stable association of CTCF with DNA at over 15,000 binding sites in the mouse genome." SIGNOR-266755 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1462 GLRPRGYtISDSAPS 9606 12172553 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that tuberin is phosphorylated on s939 and t1462 in response to pi3k activation. Our results are consistent with akt being the pi3k-depen-dent tuberin kinase. The pi3k-akt-mediated phosphorylation of tuberin would inhibit the function of the tuberin-hamartin complex." SIGNOR-91392 HIRA protein P54198 UNIPROT "HIRA complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C462 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30285846 t miannu "H3.3 is an ancient and conserved H3 variant and plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation. HIRA complex, which is composed of HIRA, UBN1 or UBN2, and Cabin1, is a H3.3 specific chaperone complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the UBN1 or UBN2 subunit is mainly responsible for specific recognition and direct binding of H3.3 by the HIRA complex." SIGNOR-269437 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser362 FYTLNGSsVDSQPQS 9606 24614225 t lperfetto "Purified camkii phosphorylates cyld on at least three residues (s-362, s-418, and s-772 on the human cyld protein q9nqc7-1) and promotes its deubiquitinase activity." SIGNOR-25334 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 19593385 f lperfetto "Activation of mTORC1 causes a robust increase in the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is the master transcriptional regulator of adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-235349 BCL11A protein Q9H165 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004911 20395365 f Regulation miannu "BCL11A and SOX6 co-occupy the human beta-globin cluster along with GATA1, and cooperate in silencing gamma-globin transcription in adult human erythroid progenitors." SIGNOR-251800 "bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17747 ChEBI SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003800 16257484 f miannu "DIDP, BBP and DOP stimulate NIS mRNA expression. Here, hNIS promoter construct (N3) was up-regulated 2.5-fold by DIDP, 2.6-fold by BBP and 2.4-fold by DOP in the presence of TSH. Likewise, these phthalates also enhanced rNIS endogenous mRNA expression, which increased ca. 2-fold after 48 h of treatment compared with the expression level generated by TSH only. At 72 h, mRNA content was unchanged." SIGNOR-268744 GSK2126458 chemical CID:25167777 PUBCHEM PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192892 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263839 RHOQ protein P17081 UNIPROT EXOC7 protein Q9UPT5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12687004 t gcesareni "Here we show that tc10 interacts with one of the components of the exocyst complex, exo70." SIGNOR-100486 TP53BP2 protein Q13625 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8549741 t gcesareni "The phosphorylase phosphatase activity of pp1 was inhibited by p53bp2 at nanomolar concentrations." SIGNOR-39666 SF3B6 protein Q9Y3B4 UNIPROT SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32140746 t lperfetto "Characterization of the purified SF3b complex indicated that it consists of seven proteins with a molecular size ranging from 10 to 155 kDa [10–12] (Fig. 1a). Due to methodological differences in identifying SF3b components in human and yeast, a number of names have been designated for these proteins across different species. In this review, I will use SF3b1-7 for consistency and clarity (Fig. 1a)." SIGNOR-268408 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 18243098 t gcesareni "We identify chk1 as the kinase responsible for h3-t11 phosphorylation. H3-t11 phosphorylation occurs throughout the cell cycle and is chk1 dependent in vivo.Phosphorylation at thr-12 (h3t11ph) by pkn1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of lys-10 (h3k9me) by kdm4c/jmjd2c." SIGNOR-265326 GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "On the other hand, galfas-coupled signals, such as epinephrine and glucagon, induce kinase activity of lats1/2, leading to phosphorylation and yap/taz." SIGNOR-199202 ARHGAP19 protein Q14CB8 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260471 NQO1 protein P15559 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0003934 28599455 f irozzo "The results demonstrated that NQO1 siRNA-mediated knockdown effectively impaired colony formation capacity, induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and suppressed migration of KKU-100 cells." SIGNOR-256265 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT IMPACT protein Q9P2X3 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272686 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253635 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser166 SSRRRAIsETEENSD 9606 15169778 t lperfetto "Stabilization of mdm2 via decreased ubiquitination is mediated by protein kinase b/akt-dependent phosphorylation." SIGNOR-244296 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25234168 t "We then found that Hes1 directly bound to the promoter region of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene and downregulated the promoter activity." SIGNOR-261563 LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25526788 f miannu "LRRC4/NGL-2 can delay the cell cycle in late G1 by increasing the expression of cell cycle inhibitory molecules (p21, p27) and reducing the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CyclinD1, CDK2, CyclinE, CDK4) via the inhibition of K-Ras/c-Raf/ERK/MAPK, PI-3K/AKT/NF- κB, p70S6/PKC and STAT3, and the upregulation of the JNK2/c-Jun/mp53 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-264057 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NRGN protein Q92686 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser36 AAAKIQAsFRGHMAR -1 8080473 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of RC3 by PKC alpha, beta, or gamma was stimulated by Ca2+, phospholipid, and diacylglycerol. A single site, Ser36, which is adjacent to the predicted calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain, was phosphorylated by these enzymes. Phosphorylation of RC3 by PKC or PKM, a protease-degraded PKC, was inhibited by CaM. The effect of CaM apparently targets at RC3, as phosphorylation of protamine sulfate by PKM was not inhibited by CaM." SIGNOR-248914 SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 25624485 t "Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity." gcesareni "Because the KRAS-GDP to KRAS-GTP transition catalyzed by the GEF, son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), represents the rate-limiting step for nucleotide exchange, disrupting the activating SOS1/KRAS protein interaction has also been the focus of drug development efforts" SIGNOR-201703 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr173 FRGDRCKtLLEKPKL 9606 BTO:0000150 21555521 t gcesareni "Pak2 can bind with caspase-7 and phosphorylate caspase-7 at the ser-30, thr-173, and ser-239 sites. Functionally, the phosphorylation of caspase-7 decreases its activity, thereby inhibiting cellular apoptosis." SIGNOR-173663 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser48 RQGGRTSsQRQRDPE 9606 BTO:0001130 11980664 t llicata "Phosphorylation of wild-type nkx3.1 decreased the apparent binding affinity of the protein for the consensus sequence by 3-fold relative to the nonphosphorylated protein (fig. 3) _ ." SIGNOR-86723 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNB2 protein P62879 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-148589 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr9 EGISNFKtPSKLSEK 9606 15541388 t lperfetto "Topk-thr-9 was phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin b and topk significantly associates with mitotic spindles." SIGNOR-216896 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT MUC4 protein Q99102 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001861 19757157 t lperfetto "Through promoter screening, overexpressing methods and luciferase reporter studies, we found that transcription factors CREB, Ets-1, Elk-1 and STAT1 can positively regulate MUC4 expression at the promoter and mRNA level." SIGNOR-254099 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 10347229 t miannu " Overexpression of wild type Cbl in NIH3T3 cells led to an enhancement of the ligand-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the PDGFRbeta, as observed with PDGFRalpha." SIGNOR-272549 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 11927554 t miannu "Furthermore, we provide evidence that Mdm2, the ubiquitin ligase of the p53 tumour suppressor, interacts physically with Tip60 and induces its ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-272613 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PRDX1 protein Q06830 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 CHLAWVNtPKKQGGL 9606 BTO:0000567 11986303 t lperfetto "Peroxiredoxin (prx) i is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of peroxidases and contains a consensus site (thr(90)-pro-lys-lys) for phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). This protein has now been shown to be phosphorylated specifically on thr(90) by several cdks, including cdc2, in vitro. Phosphorylation of prx i on thr(90) reduced the peroxidase activity of this protein by 80%.Prx i was also phosphorylated, with an efficiency similar to that observed with cdc2, when incubated in vitro with cdk2, cdk4, or cdk6 that had been immunoprecipitated from hela cell lysates with specific antibodies (data not shown)." SIGNOR-87101 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1679 NVKSKIGsTDNIKYQ -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250164 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 19851336 t lperfetto "More than a dozen kinases have been reported to phosphorylate the rlcs of nm ii (fig. 2), including myosin light chain kinase (mlck;also known as mylk), rho-associated, coiled coil-containing kinase (rock), citron kinase, leucine zipper interacting kinase (zipk;also known as dapk3) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related cdc42-binding kinase (mrck;also known as cdc42bp)6,34,45,46. These kinases phosphorylate rlcs on ser19, thr18 or both, to relieve the inhibition imposed on the myosin molecule by unphosphorylated rlcs and the head_head interaction outlined above." SIGNOR-188793 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT H2BC3 protein P33778 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser15 APAPKKGsKKAITKA 9606 21212262 t lperfetto "The mst1 is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated upon apoptotic stimulation, which in turn activates its downstream targets, jnk/p38, histone h2b and foxo. Mst1 induces apoptosis by phosphorylating histone h2b on a relatively conserved site, ser-14 in mammalian cells" SIGNOR-171009 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257625 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15240568 f "SOX9 represses the expression of the CDX2 transcription factor, known to be mostly active in villus cells." SIGNOR-253322 HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266445 ERP44 protein Q9BS26 UNIPROT ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15652484 t Simone "In this study, we found that ERp44, an ER lumenal protein of the thioredoxin family, directly interacts with the third lumenal loop of IP(3)R type 1 (IP(3)R1) and that the interaction is dependent on pH, Ca(2+) concentration, and redox state. In this study we demonstrated that ERp44 directly interacts with the L3V domain of IP3R1, thereby inhibiting its channel activity." SIGNOR-261046 PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR up-regulates cleavage 9606 10497236 t "Gamma secretase subunit that leads a proteolitic cleavage through Asp257 and Asp385 after transport to cell surface." lperfetto "Presenilin-1 (ps1), a polytopic membrane protein primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, is required for efficient proteolysis of both notch and beta-amyloid precursor protein (app) within their trans- membrane domains." SIGNOR-217746 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr508 YTATEGQyQQQP 10090 BTO:0000776 10415030 t "CD45 negatively regulates lyn activity by dephosphorylating both positive and negative regulatory tyrosine residues in immature B cells.| Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that Lyn is tyrosine phosphorylated with little serine or threonine phosphorylation. In CD45-negative cells, two bands at 8.2 and 4.1 kDa were phosphorylated in the absence of B cell Ag receptor (BCR) ligation. The 8.2-kDa band corresponded to a fragment containing the positive regulatory site (Tyr397), as assessed by its size and its phosphorylation in an in vitro kinase assay. The 4.1-kDa band was phosphorylated by COOH-terminal Src kinase, suggesting that it contains the COOH-terminal negative regulatory site (Tyr508)" SIGNOR-248354 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PKD2 protein Q13563 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser812 FPRSLDDsEEDDDED 9606 14742446 t gcesareni "Ser(812) can be phosphorylated by ck2 in vitro and substitution s812a results in failure to incorporate phosphate in cultured epithelial cells." SIGNOR-121572 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001271 20832753 t gcesareni "We found that bmk1 interacted with promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml), and inhibited its tumor-suppressor function through phosphorylation." SIGNOR-167947 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr740 TGESDGGyMDMSKDE -1 8195171 t miannu "Synthetic peptide analysis revealed that certain autophosphorylation sites in the PDGF beta-receptor (Tyr-579, Tyr-740, Tyr-751, and Tyr-771) were able to mediate the specific binding of the Shc SH2 domain as well as intact Shc proteins." SIGNOR-250257 C9orf72 protein Q96LT7 UNIPROT ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27334615 t lperfetto "C9orf72 interacts with the ULK1 initiation complex|C9orf72 regulates translocation of the ULK1 complex to the phagophore via Rab1a" SIGNOR-261281 ARHGEF4 protein Q9NR80 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260531 873837-23-1 chemical CID:46930994 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190470 APOA5 protein Q6Q788 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21773006 t Regulation miannu "Apo A5 binds to and enhances the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme" SIGNOR-251845 HOXA7 protein P31268 UNIPROT TGM1 protein P22735 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 11435435 f miannu "Antisense HOXA7 expression activated transglutaminase 1, involucrin, and keratin 10 message and protein levels, demonstrating that endogenous HOXA7 down-regulates multiple differentiation-specific keratinocyte genes." SIGNOR-254474 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT Protein_degradation phenotype SIGNOR-PH96 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16401726 f miannu "The XPCB domain of Rad23 binds Png1, which in turn facilitates the substrate recognition of Rad23. Through interactions with Ub chains and the proteasome mediated by the UBA and UBL domains in Rad23, Rad23 facilitates substrate transfer to the proteasome." SIGNOR-261062 "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269031 TRAF7 protein Q6Q0C0 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15001576 f miannu "Overexpression of traf7 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis." SIGNOR-123218 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205455 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 ITSAARRsYVSSGEM -1 2155236 t lperfetto "Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the intermediate filament component of astroglial cells, can serve as an excellent substrate for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, in vitro. GFAP phosphorylated by each protein kinase does not polymerize, and the filaments that do polymerize tend to depolymerize after phosphorylation. Dephosphorylation of phospho-GFAP by phosphatase led to a recovery of the polymerization competence of GFAP. Most of the phosphorylation sites for cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C on GFAP are the same, Ser-8, Ser-13, and Ser-34. cAMP-dependent protein kinase has one additional phosphorylation site, Thr-7." SIGNOR-248860 GPR84 protein Q9NQS5 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256704 RPIA protein P49247 UNIPROT "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267070 SLC27A2 protein O14975 UNIPROT "fatty acyl-CoA" smallmolecule CHEBI:37554 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10198260 t lperfetto "Very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (VLCS) activate very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) containing 22 or more carbons to their CoA derivatives." SIGNOR-260415 TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19745029 f miannu "Promoter analysis and transfection studies showed that the up-regulation of DCC in OA chondrocytes may be mediated by the transcription factors Sox9 and AP-2." SIGNOR-255189 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser342 SSRLRSCsVTDAVAE 9606 11742982 t lperfetto "Here we show by expression studies in xenopus laevis oocytes that the aldosterone-induced sgk1 kinase interacts with the ubiquitin protein ligase nedd4-2 in a py motif-dependent manner and phosphorylates nedd4-2 on ser444 and, to a lesser extent, ser338. Such phosphorylation reduces the interaction between nedd4-2 and enac, leading to elevated enac cell surface expression." SIGNOR-113052 GLIS1 protein Q8NBF1 UNIPROT WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32047936 t miannu "GLIS1, a novel hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, promotes breast cancer cell motility via activation of WNT5A" SIGNOR-269040 STOM protein P27105 UNIPROT SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10562431 t Giulio "Similar to the results obtained in the RBC, Glut1 and stomatin immunoprecipitated with each other in lysates of Clone 9 cells. The above results suggest that stomatin is closely associated with Glut1 in the plasma membrane and that overexpression of stomatin results in a depression in the basal rate of glucose transport." SIGNOR-261278 KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 22012064 t irozzo "Similar to CBFβ, we show that MLL binds to AML1 abrogating its proteasome-dependent degradation.Furthermore, we demonstrate that MLL binds to a region of AML1 (that is conserved in AML2 and AML3) and increases AML1 (AML2 and AML3) protein levels" SIGNOR-255707 MTHFD1L protein Q6UB35 UNIPROT formate smallmolecule CHEBI:15740 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16171773 t lperfetto "A human mitochondrial isozyme of C1-tetrahydrofolate (THF) synthase was previously identified by its similarity to the human cytoplasmic C1-THF synthase. All C1-THF synthases characterized to date, from yeast to human, are trifunctional, containing the activities of 5,10-methylene-THF dehydrogenase, 5,10-methenyl-THF cyclohydrolase, and 10-formyl-THF synthetase. Here we report on the enzymatic characterization of the recombinant human mitochondrial isozyme. Enzyme assays of purified human mitochondrial C1-THF synthase protein revealed only the presence of 10-formyl-THF synthetase activity." SIGNOR-268254 "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI VKORC1L1 protein Q8N0U8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "The epoxide form of vitamin K is reduced by epoxide reductase (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1; VKORC1 or vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1-like 1; VKORC1L1) to a reduced form and then to the reduced hydroquinone form" SIGNOR-265914 oxandrolone chemical CHEBI:7820 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 10077001 t miannu "The anabolic steroids, oxandrolone and fluoxymesterone, have high inhibition constants for binding, yet induce the N/C interaction and stabilize AR at relatively low ligand concentrations and are AR agonists in vivo." SIGNOR-259265 (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57327 ChEBI succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 1978672 t miannu "Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) is an adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme that catalyses isomerization between methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA (3-carboxypropionyl-CoA)." SIGNOR-269110 Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung induces an uncontrolled generalized immune response. Several immune cells (like T-lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) sustain the impressive secretion of cytokines and chemokines ultimately leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm." SIGNOR-261035 CDK11B protein P21127 UNIPROT EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 PAAAPASsSDPAAAA 19245811 t lperfetto "EIF3f is phosphorylated by CDK11p46 at Ser46 during apoptosis.|Phosphorylation of eIF3f plays an important role in regulating its function in translation and apoptosis. Phosphorylation of eIF3f enhances the association of eIF3f with the core eIF3 subunits during apoptosis. " SIGNOR-273133 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-268128 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20509143 f miannu "we show that TNFα treatment of human breast cancer cells up-regulates SLUG with a dependency on canonical NF-κB/HIF1α signaling, which is strongly enhanced by p53 inactivation." SIGNOR-255152 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 KNTKKRHsFTSLTMA 9606 17535800 t miannu "We report here that posh is a direct substrate for phosphorylation by akt in vivo and in vitro, and we identify a major site of akt phosphorylation as serine 304 of posh, which lies within the rac-binding domain. We further show that phosphorylation of posh results in a decreased ability to bind activated rac, as does phosphomimetic s304d and s304e mutation of posh." SIGNOR-155229 BTG2 protein P78543 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 22493435 t miannu "BTG2 stimulation of antioxidant gene expression is also NFE2L2-dependent. We further demonstrate that BTG2 is a binding partner for NFE2L2 and increases its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-254647 IQSEC2 protein Q5JU85 UNIPROT GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 27009485 t miannu "BRAG1 increases the synaptic recycling pool of AMPARs.these data suggest that the BRAG1 enhancement of AMPAR transmission is mediated by the increased expression of the recycling pool of synaptic GluA2/3 receptors." SIGNOR-264913 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256867 "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266500 LAMB1 protein P07942 UNIPROT Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7496033 t lperfetto "Laminin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein composed of three polypeptide chains that are designated alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 1." SIGNOR-253233 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr235 SSSSPPGtPSPADAK 9606 19327116 t gcesareni "Thr235 phosphorylation occurs in nuclei of differentiated macrophages, but not in monocytes." SIGNOR-184917 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1760 RAIGRLSsMAMISGL 2160950 t llicata "Phosphorylation of MLC kinase by CaM protein kinase II increased the dissociation constant of MLC kinase for calmodulin about 10 times without changing the Vmax. The location of the phosphorylation sites was identified by isolating and sequencing the tryptic phosphopeptides of MLC kinase. The preferred site was identified as serine 512 and the second site as serine 525. These sites are the same as the sites phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase." SIGNOR-250700 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF26 protein Q9BY78 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271018 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 VEEEPLNsEDDVSDE -1 11278496 t llicata "We now show that human TFIIA is phosphorylated in vivo on serine residues that are partially conserved between yeast and human TFIIA large subunits. Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo. Additional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels. Mutation of all four serine residues reduced the ability of TFIIA to stimulate transcription in transient transfection assays with various activators and promoters, indicating that TFIIA phosphorylation is required globally for optimal function." SIGNOR-250997 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF125 protein Q96EQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271212 CCN4 protein O95388 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 10116 11782444 t "Here it is shown that WISP-1 can activate the antiapoptotic Akt/PKB signaling pathway." SIGNOR-256269 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29236325 f irozzo "We report here that AML1/ETO transactivates c-KIT expression through directly binding to and mediating the long-range interaction between the promoter and intronic enhancer regions of c-KIT." SIGNOR-255699 FST protein P19883 UNIPROT MSTN protein O14793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 11459935 t gcesareni "Binding of myostatin to Act RIIB could be inhibited by the activin-binding protein follistatin and, at higher concentrations, by the myostatin propeptide. T" SIGNOR-235150 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AB1 protein P0C5Y9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265411 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser374 GLYSRSGsLSGRSSL -1 10467162 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation of wild-type PKN increased the protein kinase activity, however, substitution of Thr64, Ser374, or Thr531 in the regulatory region of PKN with alanine, abolished this effect." SIGNOR-249021 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 ATKAARKsAPATGGV 9606 21282660 t "Ser 27 (29) phosphorylation of H3 isinhibitory as induces transcription." gcesareni "Histone code pathway involving h3 s28 phosphorylation and k27 acetylation activates transcription and antagonizes polycomb silencingaurora-b phosphorylates histone h3 at serine28 with regard to the mitotic chromosome condensation" SIGNOR-171717 TRPC6 protein Q9Y210 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12032305 t "Members of the transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) family have been characterized as molecular substrates mediating receptor-activated cation influx" SIGNOR-253339 UBE4B protein O95155 UNIPROT ATXN3 protein P54252 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14749733 t miannu "Mammalian E4B (UFD2a), a ubiquitin chain assembly factor (E4), copurified with the polyubiquitylation activity for ataxin-3. E4B interacted with, and thereby mediated polyubiquitylation of, ataxin-3.  Collectively, these data suggest that E4B promotes the degradation of ataxin-3, and that this effect surmounts the stabilization of ataxin-3 conferred by expansion of the polyglutamine tract." SIGNOR-271502 SIM1 protein P81133 UNIPROT ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 SIGNOR-C125 9020169 t 2 miannu "SIM1 can inhibit AHR·ARNT binding to the XRE and can inhibit expression from an XRE-driven reporter gene indicates that SIM1 may act as negative regulator of transcription as well as a positive regulator. The above inhibitory effects may result from SIM1 competing with AHR for binding to ARNT, although we cannot exclude the possibility that SIM1 may also have other inhibitory effects of AHR·ARNT activity. In a similar fashion, SIM1 may act as a negative regulator of all ARNT-dependent genes." SIGNOR-240756 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t gcesareni "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-187196 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10906323 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Pttg is phosphorylated in vitro on ser(162) by map kinase and this phosphorylation site plays an essential role in pttg transactivation function." SIGNOR-270155 carfilzomib chemical CHEBI:65347 ChEBI PSMB10 protein P40306 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000898 17591945 t miannu "Carfilzomib is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone related to epoxomicin (Figure 1A), the latter of which shows high specificity in vitro for the ChT-L proteasome activity. To evaluate the proteasomal inhibitory potential of carfilzomib in MM, extracts from ANBL-6 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of carfilzomib. Extended exposure to carfilzomib for 5 hours saturated the β5 and β5i active sites in a dose-dependent manner and also led to increased binding to the β1, β1i, β2, and β2i subunits, with maximal binding observed at 50 nM." SIGNOR-259308 CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 32229723 t miannu "Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CIC represses VGF expression by tethering SIN3-HDAC to form a transcriptional corepressor complex. Mass spectrometry analysis of CIC-interacting proteins further identified the BRG1-containing mSWI/SNF complex whose function is necessary for transcriptional repression by CIC. CIC interacts with mSWI/SNF complex during neurogenesis. CIC tethers SIN3-HDAC corepressor complex and mSWI/SNF complex to VGF promoter during neurogenesis." SIGNOR-269206 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" dephosphorylation Ser661 QNEFAGFsYTNPEFV 9606 BTO:0000067 18162466 t gcesareni "Here we show that the two PHLPP isoforms, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, also dephosphorylate the hydrophobic motif on PKC betaII, an event that shunts PKC to the detergent-insoluble fraction, effectively terminating its life cycle" SIGNOR-237047 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser605 LFVQLLYsPIENIQR 9606 18423204 t amattioni "Beta-catenin, upon entering the nucleus, in turn activates transcription of downstream target genes. Jnk2 phosphorylates Beta-catenin on critical residues (ser191 and ser605). Jnk activity is required for Beta-catenin nuclear localization in response to wnt." SIGNOR-178262 CCNT1 protein O60563 UNIPROT P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 34955012 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent-kinases (CDKs) are members of the serine/threonine kinase family and are highly regulated by cyclins, a family of regulatory subunits that bind to CDKs. CDK9 represents one of the most studied examples of these transcriptional CDKs. CDK9 forms a heterodimeric complex with its regulatory subunit cyclins T1, T2 and K to form the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). " SIGNOR-267739 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr480 TKEDGHRtSTSAVPN 9606 BTO:0000671 10209029 t lperfetto "Rho-associated kinase (rho- kinase), which is activated by the small guanosine triphosphatase rho, phosphorylates alpha-adducin and thereby enhances the f-actin-binding activity of alpha-adducin in vitro. Here we identified the sites of phosphorylation of alpha-adducin by rho-kinase as thr445 and thr480" SIGNOR-66996 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 18486448 t gcesareni "The jip proteins function by aggregating components of a map kinase module (including mlk, mkk7, and jnk) and facilitate signal transmission by the protein kinase cascade. Overexpression of jip1 deactivates the jnk pathway selectively by cytoplasmic retention of jnk and thereby inhibits gene expression mediated by jnk, which occurs in the nucleus" SIGNOR-178655 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser168 YREPLCLsPASSGSS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252319 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 GQDMSQVsGKESPPV 9606 BTO:0001271 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-174844 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser250 TGSPAELsPTTLSPV 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-91734 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 14988407 t gcesareni "Here we show that beta-trcp1, a f-box protein in the scf e3 ligase complex, interacts with smad4 and induces the degradation of smad4" SIGNOR-123057 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr285 TEADGELyVFNTPSG 10090 10978177 t "HGab-1 was phosphorylated by IR at eight tyrosine residues (Y242, Y285, Y373, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). t Gab-1 is the major binding partner of PI-3 kinase in 3T3L1 cells when stimulated with insulin" SIGNOR-251311 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 2787365 t gcesareni "we found that g protein-coupled receptor kinases 5 and 6 (grk5/6), traditionally known to phosphorylate and desensitize 7tm g protein-coupled receptors, directly phosphorylate the pppsp motifs on single transmembrane lrp6 and regulate wnt/lrp6 signaling" SIGNOR-23330 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256772 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser62 FGPARNDsVIVADQT 9606 15105425 t gcesareni "Vrk1 phosphorylates atf2 mainly on thr-73, stabilizing the atf2 protein and increasing its intracellular level." SIGNOR-124330 afimoxifene chemical CHEBI:44616 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258596 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr201 DIPEKPKtPQQLWYT 9606 11741541 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 was found to phosphorylate the architectural transcription factor ubf at amino acids 117 and 201 within hmg boxes 1 and 2, preventing their interaction with dna" SIGNOR-112817 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 21901532 f miannu "In an attempt to clarify the direct anti-inflammatory role of MFG-E8, we revealed a distinct signaling pathway where MFG-E8 activates suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 gene expression via STAT3 mediated pathway, which in turn served as a negative regulator for LPS induced TLR4 signaling by targeting NF-κB p65 component, thereby attenuating the down-stream signaling for TNF-α production" SIGNOR-260654 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 11971971 t gcesareni "Mapk1 is phosphorylated by map2k1/mek1 and map2k2/mek2 on thr-185 and tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or ngf. Both phosphorylations are required for activity." SIGNOR-86713 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10318826 t miannu "AGRP is a potent antagonist of the melanocortin-3 receptor and the MC4R and has also been shown to have a lesser degree of inhibitory action at the melanocortin-5 receptor." SIGNOR-252379 HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25252870 f miannu "Hoxa9bound directly to the putative promoter and a dnase-hypersensitive region in the first intron of the igf1 gene. Transcription rates of the igf1 gene paralleledhoxa9activity" SIGNOR-205308 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT REL/RELA complex SIGNOR-C68 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16888014 t lperfetto "The present results demonstrate that ikkepsilon- and tbk1-mediated phosphorylation of crel in the c-terminal td leads to cytoplasmic dissociation of a crel-ikb_ complex and nuclear accumulation of crel." SIGNOR-217664 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser272 ELDELMAsLSDFKIQ 9606 16717130 t llicata "We show that p21-activated kinase (pak)-induced phosphorylation of serine 273 in paxillin is a critical regulator of this turnover." SIGNOR-146842 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9670005 t amattioni "The presence of an anti-apoptotic molecule such as bcl-2 or bcl-xl can inhibit the activation of bax following a death signal." SIGNOR-59141 PMPCB protein O75439 UNIPROT PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000007 22354088 t miannu "Using an unbiased RNA-mediated interference (RNAi)-based screen, we identified four mitochondrial proteases, mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protease (PARL), m-AAA and ClpXP, involved in PINK1 degradation. We find that PINK1 turnover is particularly sensitive to even modest reductions in MPP levels. Moreover, PINK1 cleavage by MPP is coupled to import such that reducing MPP activity induces PINK1 accumulation at the mitochondrial surface, leading to Parkin recruitment and mitophagy." SIGNOR-261363 PKI-587 chemical CID:44516953 PUBCHEM PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205989 PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10913276 t gcesareni "We provide evidence that sos1, a p21ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, directly binds to the sh3 domain of plc-gamma1, and that the sh3 domain of plc-gamma1 is involved in sos1-mediated p21ras activation." SIGNOR-80024 GTF2B protein Q00403 UNIPROT TFIIF complex SIGNOR-C394 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 27096372 t lperfetto "Our structures suggest that a primary function of TFIID during PIC assembly is the proper positioning of TBP on the upstream promoter, which ultimately determines the placement of Pol II relative to the TSS. The structures presented here offer a structural framework for understanding the complex mechanism underlying TFIID function, shedding new light into the overlapping roles of TFIID as both a coactivator and a general platform for PIC assembly in the coordination of transcription initiation." SIGNOR-266193 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser377 SDTLIRLsVGLEDEE 25900831 t lperfetto "CO stimulated protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent phosphorylation of Ser(377) of CSE, inhibiting the production of H2S." SIGNOR-275800 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1875 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273039 DYRK3 protein O43781 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23415227 t lperfetto "When dyrk3 is active, it allows stress granule dissolution, releasing mtorc1 for signaling and promoting its activity by directly phosphorylating the mtorc1 inhibitor pras40" SIGNOR-217571 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT ACD protein Q96AP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser169 SNAGLSLsQLLDEMR 9606 BTO:0000007 27396482 t lperfetto "NEK6-mediated phosphorylation of human TPP1 regulates telomere length through telomerase recruitment|Shelterin component TPP1 plays critical roles in chromosome end protection and telomere length regulation. Specifically, TPP1 contains an OB-fold domain that provides an interface to recruit telomerase.|" SIGNOR-264424 ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256977 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDUFA12 protein Q9UI09 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr142 QEWIPPStPYK 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275587 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDUFA12 protein Q9UI09 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr120 HKFNVTGtPEQYVPY 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275588 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDUFB6 protein O95139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr5 tPDEKLRL 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275589 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser465 HNPISSVs 9534 9748228 t "ALK2 receptor specifically interacts with and phosphorylates Smad1 protein. ALK2 Activates Smad1 and Induces BMP-specific Signals. Biochemical analysis revealed that constitutively active ALK2 associated with and phosphorylated Smad1 on the COOH-terminal SSXS motif" SIGNOR-251439 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDUFS2 protein O75306 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser364 KVDDAKVsPPKRAEM 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275592 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDUFV3 protein P56181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser105 QPSSGREsPRH 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275593 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20924107 f irozzo "We show here that C/EBPα interacts with a functional C/EBP binding site in the Gfi-1 5'-flanking region and enhances the promoter activity of Gfi-1." SIGNOR-256068 NDUFB4 protein O95168 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and |The main ND4-module intermediate binds NDUFB1, NDUFB4, NDUFB5, NDUFB6, NDUFB10, NDUFB11 and MT-ND4" SIGNOR-262167 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10648597 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that shp variants, carrying either interaction-defective nr box mutations or a deletion of the repressor domain, have lost the capacity to inhibit agonist-dependent transcriptional estrogen receptor activation." SIGNOR-74288 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 BTO:0000007 9829964 t gcesareni "When overexpressed in serum-stimulated cells, Akt/PKB potently induced Ser-133 phosphorylation of CREB and promoted recruitment of CBP. Correspondingly, Akt/PKB stimulated target gene expression via CREB in a phospho(Ser-133)-dependent manner." SIGNOR-252549 MFNG protein O00587 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11346656 t gcesareni "These observations indicate that the fringe proteins directly modify notch2, which is consistent with the recent finding that fringe is a glycosyltransferase that directly modifies notch (30, 31). It was further indicated that lfng does this at a site from the n terminus through the 15th egf repeat of notch2, and mfng does so at a site from the 23rd through the 29th egf repeat of notch2." SIGNOR-107708 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser93 ALQRQPPsPKQLEEE -1 16226275 t lperfetto "First, Erk phosphorylates HePTP at residues Thr45 and Ser72. Second, HePTP dephosphorylates Erk at PTyr185.|" SIGNOR-249475 RNF6 protein Q9Y252 UNIPROT LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16204183 t miannu "Consistent with a role in axonal growth, we found that Rnf6 binds to, polyubiquitinates, and targets LIMK1 for proteasomal degradation in growth cones of primary hippocampal neurons. " SIGNOR-271481 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDUFB6 protein O95139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser55 NKFLENKsPWRKMVH 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275598 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR down-regulates -1 10224115 f miannu "G protein alpha subunits Gi1alpha, Gsalpha, and Goalpha are shown to activate the GTPase activity of tubulin, inhibit microtubule assembly, and accelerate microtubule dynamics." SIGNOR-256524 TTN protein Q8WZ42 UNIPROT OBSCN protein Q5VST9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0003324 19840192 t miannu "Ankyrin-B is targeted to the M-line via its interaction with the C-terminal domain of the large sarcomeric protein obscurin. Obscurin is targeted to the M-line via its N-terminal interactions with myomesin and titin. This population of ankyrin-B recruits B56α, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, to the M-line where the phosphatase may regulate the phosphorylation status of contractile and signalling proteins." SIGNOR-266728 ibuprofen chemical CHEBI:5855 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9544212 t miannu "The IC50 values for two benchmark compounds were determined for comparison. The marketed NSAID ibuprofen was a modestly selective COX-1 inhibitor, while Searle's SC-5766614 was a highly selective (>100-fold) COX-2 inhibitor, results consistent with literature reports." SIGNOR-258883 PMS2 protein P54278 UNIPROT MLH1/PMS2 complex SIGNOR-C59 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10542278 t miannu "Hmlh1 and hpms2 function in postreplicative mismatch repair in the form of a heterodimer referred to as hmutl_" SIGNOR-71777 RALA protein P11233 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr451 PIPKALGtPVLTPPT 10090 11689711 t gcesareni "We conclude that Ral-mediated phosphorylation of threonines 447 and 451 is required for proper activity of AFX-WT." SIGNOR-248003 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 15703437 f lperfetto "EIF3 and, to some extent, eIF1A have been implicated in preventing reassociation of free 40S and 60S subunits and in dissociation of empty 80S ribosomes" SIGNOR-269149 PBX2 protein P40425 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265778 CH5132799 chemical CID:49784945 PUBCHEM MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190937 NCKAP1 protein Q9Y2A7 UNIPROT "WAVE complex" complex SIGNOR-C271 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15070726 t lperfetto "Here we purify Wave-2 from HeLa cells. Five proteins, Sra, Nap, Wave-2, Abi, and Hspc, are copurified, indicating that they form a tight complex. " SIGNOR-261874 CLTB protein P09497 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24789820 t lperfetto "AP2 adaptor complexes, associated at the membrane with PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2), recruit clathin triskelions to initiate lattice assembly. " SIGNOR-260666 PPAT protein Q06203 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 8106516 t "Two Genes for de Novo Purine Nucleotide Synthesis on Human Chromosome 4 Are Closely Linked and Divergently Transcribed√¢‚Ǩ¬ù" SIGNOR-267187 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22318735 t gcesareni "Thrombin activates platelets by binding and cleaving protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 (par1 and par4)." SIGNOR-196003 TP53INP1 protein Q96A56 UNIPROT GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22421968 t gcesareni "Tp53inp1 is also able to interact with atg8-family proteins" SIGNOR-196664 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDUFV3 protein P56181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser105 QPSSGREsPRH 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275601 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDUFV1 protein P49821 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr383 HESCGQCtPCREGVD 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275602 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2604 HLQQGSEsPMMIGEL 9606 BTO:0000018 27991932 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment, and the KrasG12D and EGFRL858R mutations decrease USP24 protein stability via EGF- or CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser1616, Ser2047 and Ser2604." SIGNOR-275603 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT ELOVL6 protein Q9H5J4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 18226595 t Luana "These data demonstrated that Elovl-6 is regulated directly and primarily by SREBP-1c." SIGNOR-267943 TLE1 protein Q04724 UNIPROT SIX3 protein O95343 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12441302 t lperfetto "Biochemical and mutational analysis shows that the Six domain of both SIX3 and SIX6 strongly interact with the QD domain of TLE1 and AES. TLE1 over-expression induces an enlargement of the eye field and reinforcesSIX3/SIX6 capability of initiating retina formation" SIGNOR-234595 ADARB1 protein P78563 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 19605474 t miannu "Both forms of ADAR1 show enhanced interactions with PKR at the peak of HIV infection, suggesting a role for this protein in the regulation of PKR activation." SIGNOR-266359 ARHGAP39 protein Q9C0H5 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260495 CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22946057 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that p120-catenin participates in the stimulation of rac1 activity, binding directly to this protein. In addition we show that vav2 also binds to p120-catenin and is required for rac1 activation and for beta-catenin translocation to the nucleus.Vav2 And rac1 association with p120-catenin was modulated by phosphorylation of this protein, which was stimulated upon serine/threonine phosphorylation by ck1 and inhibited by tyrosine phosphorylation by src or fyn" SIGNOR-198938 D2HGDH protein Q8N465 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 26178471 f lperfetto "Here we show that wild-type D2HGDH elevates α-KG levels" SIGNOR-253131 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2547 YEGSEEVsPPQTKDQ 32152317 t "Phosphosites were derived from Figure S1" lperfetto "Here, we find that CDC14B antagonizes CDK1-mediated activating mitotic phosphorylation of the deubiquitinase USP9X at serine residue 2563, which we show to be essential for USP9X to mediate mitotic survival. Starting from an unbiased proteome-wide screening approach, we specify Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1) as the relevant substrate that becomes deubiquitylated and stabilized by serine 2563-phosphorylated USP9X in mitosis." SIGNOR-275608 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2604 HLQQGSEsPMMIGEL 9606 BTO:0000018 27991932 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment, and the KrasG12D and EGFRL858R mutations decrease USP24 protein stability via EGF- or CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser1616, Ser2047 and Ser2604." SIGNOR-275609 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser64 SNLGHPEsPPRKRLK 18239684 t lperfetto "The activity of SCF(Skp2) is regulated by the Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2-mediated phosphorylation of Skp2 on Ser64 allows its expression in mid-G1 phase, even in the presence of active APC(Cdh1). Reciprocally, dephosphorylation of Skp2 by the mitotic phosphatase Cdc14B at the M --> G1 transition promotes its degradation by APC(Cdh1)." SIGNOR-249173 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257661 CREB3 protein O43889 UNIPROT HERPUD1 protein Q15011 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16940180 f miannu "Luman/creb3 induces transcription of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress response protein herp through an er stress response element." SIGNOR-149268 HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT CYP2E1 protein P05181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000575 19325051 f Regulation miannu "Hemoglobin dramatically stimulated CYP 2E1 activity but not the protein expression in quercetin- and ethanol-cotreated hepatocytes." SIGNOR-251764 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser196 RSLEVWGsQEALEEA -1 16540648 t llicata "Kinase phosphorylation assays were done with synthesized short peptides (20-mer) with the sequences at Ser173 and Ser196 of XPA, respectively. Both peptides seemed to be good substrates for DNA-PK, ATR ( Fig. 2D), and ATM (data not shown)." SIGNOR-250580 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH16 protein O75309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265833 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR CHKB protein Q9Y259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 TPKRRRAsSLSRDAE 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase beta (CKbeta) is one of the CK isozymes involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. | This study provides evidence for CKβ phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA).|Phosphorylation sites were located on CKβ residues serine-39 and serine-40 as determined by mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Phosphorylation increased the catalytic efficiencies for the substrates choline and ATP about 2-fold, without affecting ethanolamine phosphorylation, and the S39D/S40D CKβ phosphorylation mimic behaved kinetically very similar." SIGNOR-275632 choline smallmolecule CHEBI:15354 ChEBI "choline phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:295975 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase (CK) phosphorylates choline in the cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the most abundant class of phospholipids in eukaryotic membranes" SIGNOR-275633 CHKB protein Q9Y259 UNIPROT "choline phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:295975 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase (CK) phosphorylates choline in the cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the most abundant class of phospholipids in eukaryotic membranes" SIGNOR-275634 CHKB protein Q9Y259 UNIPROT choline smallmolecule CHEBI:15354 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase (CK) phosphorylates choline in the cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the most abundant class of phospholipids in eukaryotic membranes" SIGNOR-275635 CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT "choline phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:295975 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase (CK) phosphorylates choline in the cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the most abundant class of phospholipids in eukaryotic membranes" SIGNOR-275636 CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT choline smallmolecule CHEBI:15354 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase (CK) phosphorylates choline in the cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the most abundant class of phospholipids in eukaryotic membranes" SIGNOR-275637 ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-146867 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268885 FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000975 16153597 f miannu "We observed that foxl2 induces apoptosis in the ovarian cells unveiling a novel function of foxl2" SIGNOR-140391 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CUX1 protein P39880 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1237 TEYSQGAsPQPQHQL 9606 11584018 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serines 1237 and 1270 caused inhibition of dna binding in vitro. In cotransfection studies, cyclin a-cdk1 inhibited cdp/cux stable dna binding and prevented repression of the p21(waf1) reporter." SIGNOR-110908 ethanolaminium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:57603 ChEBI O-phosphonatoethanaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58190 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 29928787 t lperfetto "In this study, we investigated the roles of ethanolamine kinases (Etnk-1 and 2) and choline kinases (Chk-α and β) in contributing to increased PE in human breast and pancreatic cancer cells." SIGNOR-275638 CHKB protein Q9Y259 UNIPROT O-phosphonatoethanaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58190 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 29928787 t lperfetto "In this study, we investigated the roles of ethanolamine kinases (Etnk-1 and 2) and choline kinases (Chk-α and β) in contributing to increased PE in human breast and pancreatic cancer cells." SIGNOR-275639 CHKB protein Q9Y259 UNIPROT ethanolaminium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:57603 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 29928787 t lperfetto "In this study, we investigated the roles of ethanolamine kinases (Etnk-1 and 2) and choline kinases (Chk-α and β) in contributing to increased PE in human breast and pancreatic cancer cells." SIGNOR-275640 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 23817177 f irozzo "RUNX1 wild-type protein first binds to the PU.1 URE region and recruits the MLL complex to open up part of the compact chromatin structure. The partially relaxed chromatin allows the binding of another RUNX1 at the PU.1 promoter region to further distort compact DNA structure. The relaxed form of chromatin facilitates the accumulation of transcription factors and cofactors to initiate transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-255709 TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14633987 t lperfetto "These results suggest that TAB2 and TAB3 function redundantly as mediators of TAK1 activation in IL-1 and TNF signal transduction." SIGNOR-119370 TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 15084608 t lperfetto "Traf3 is physically associated with nik via a specific sequence motif located in the n-terminal region of nik; this molecular interaction appears to target nik for degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-124236 CFH protein P08603 UNIPROT CFB protein P00751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19050261 t miannu "As a regulator of the alternative pathway, FH binds to C3b and inhibits the binding of factor B to C3b, acts as a cofactor for the factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b to iC3b (cofactor activity), and accelerates the decay of C3bBb, the alternative pathway C3 convertase (decay-accelerating activity)" SIGNOR-252142 CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT MDH1 protein P40925 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Arg230 FVTTVQQrGAAVIKA 9606 27840030 t lperfetto "Arginine Methylation of MDH1 by CARM1 Inhibits Glutamine Metabolism and Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer|Arginine methylation at R248 negatively regulates MDH1 activity|PRMT4/CARM1 methylates MDH1 at R248 and inhibits its dimerization" SIGNOR-267639 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1167 ESAPAESsPSKIMSK 9606 8816480 t gcesareni "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1" SIGNOR-43943 ETNK1 protein Q9HBU6 UNIPROT O-phosphonatoethanaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58190 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 36583229 t lperfetto "ETNK1 encodes ethanolamine kinase 1, which is involved in the de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and is responsible for the phosphorylation of ethanolamine to phosphoethanolamine" SIGNOR-275641 DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT "Microprocessor complex" complex SIGNOR-C356 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 34936874 t lperfetto "Both the phosphorylation and sumoylation of DDX5 enhance the formation of a DDX5/Drosha/DGCR8 complex, thus promoting microRNA-10b processing." SIGNOR-275659 DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT mir-10b mirna URS00004CAC40_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 34936874 t lperfetto "Both the phosphorylation and sumoylation of DDX5 enhance the formation of a DDX5/Drosha/DGCR8 complex, thus promoting microRNA-10b processing." SIGNOR-275660 "Microprocessor complex" complex SIGNOR-C356 SIGNOR mir-10b mirna URS00004CAC40_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 34936874 t lperfetto "Both the phosphorylation and sumoylation of DDX5 enhance the formation of a DDX5/Drosha/DGCR8 complex, thus promoting microRNA-10b processing." SIGNOR-275661 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser353 SHLGPHRsTPESRAA 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C110 17360711 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of serines 353 and 357 by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta) induces a structural change of the hydrophilic loop of ps1the structural change of ps1 reduces the interaction with beta-catenin leading to decreased phosphorylation and ubiquitination of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-153627 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT MAGEL2 protein Q9UJ55 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22208286 t miannu "Magel2 represses the activity of the Clock:Bmal1 heterodimer in a Per2-luciferase assay. Magel2 interacts with Bmal1 and with Per2 as measured by co-immunoprecipitation in co-transfected cells, and exhibits a subcellular distribution consistent with these interactions when visualized by immunofluorescence. As well, Magel2 induces the redistribution of the subcellular localization of Clock towards the cytoplasm, in contrast to the nucleus-directed effect of Bmal1 on Clock subcellular localization." SIGNOR-253517 RBM42 protein Q9BTD8 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270645 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 12466266 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity;ser118 is phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) in vitro and in cells treated with epidermal growth factor (egf) and insulin-like growth factor (igf) in vivo." SIGNOR-96072 HSD3B1 protein P14060 UNIPROT testosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17347 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10116 BTO:0000534;BTO:0000056 1537836 t lperfetto "We have recently characterized two types of rat 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD) isoenzymes expressed in adrenals and gonads. | However, in the presence of NADH, type III isoenzyme, in common with the type I isoform, converts 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione (A-dione) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to the corresponding 3 beta-hydroxysteroids." SIGNOR-268637 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT DOCK6 protein Q96HP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1194 GQRSRLAsMLDSDTE 23462102 t lperfetto "Akt and PP2A reciprocally regulate the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dock6 to control axon growth of sensory neurons|At later developmental stages, the abundance of the kinase Akt increased, resulting in the binding of Akt to Dock6 and the phosphorylation of Dock6 at Ser(1194). | In dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice lacking Dock6, reintroduction of Dock6 with a nonphosphorylatable S1194A mutation rescued axon extension but not branch number, whereas reintroduction of Dock6 with a phosphomimetic S1194E mutation resulted in premature branching" SIGNOR-275666 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000478 26214522 f Luana " We demonstrated that the PTPN1 gene, which encodes PTP1B, was a target of MECP2 and that disruption of MECP2 function was associated with increased levels of PTP1B in RTT models." SIGNOR-264552 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT DOCK6 protein Q96HP0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1194 GQRSRLAsMLDSDTE 23462102 t lperfetto "Akt and PP2A reciprocally regulate the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dock6 to control axon growth of sensory neurons|At later developmental stages, the abundance of the kinase Akt increased, resulting in the binding of Akt to Dock6 and the phosphorylation of Dock6 at Ser(1194). | In dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice lacking Dock6, reintroduction of Dock6 with a nonphosphorylatable S1194A mutation rescued axon extension but not branch number, whereas reintroduction of Dock6 with a phosphomimetic S1194E mutation resulted in premature branching" SIGNOR-275669 TAF1C protein Q15572 UNIPROT "SL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C464 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30693017 t lperfetto "SL1 comprises TBP, TAF1A (also known as TAFI48), TAF1B (also known as TAFI63), TAF1C (also known as TAFI110), and TAF1D (also known as TAFI41) and recruits the RNAP1 complex to induce PIC formation." SIGNOR-269564 INTS3 protein Q68E01 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261485 vismodegib chemical CHEBI:66903 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21679342 t gcesareni "Cyclopamine with improved solubility (ipi-926), smo inhibitors that considerably differ in structure from cyclopamine (gdc-0499, lde225, bms-833923, xl-139, pf-0449913), inhibitors of the transformation of inactive smo into active smo (sant 74-75), and inhibitors of the transport of cytoplasmic inactive smo to cilia (sant 1-4) have been developed to date." SIGNOR-174417 CITED2 protein Q99967 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003859 12960175 f miannu "CITED2 plays a major role in shear-induced down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-13 via a transforming growth factor-beta-dependent pathway." SIGNOR-253777 HAUS1 protein Q96CS2 UNIPROT "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19369198 t lperfetto "Here, by using mass spectrometry, we identified the full human augmin complex of 8 subunits and show that it interacts with the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC)" SIGNOR-262319 PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT PHKG2 protein P15735 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10487978 t "Phk is among the most complex of the protein kinases so far elucidated. It has one catalytic (gamma) subunit and three different regulatory (alpha, beta, and delta) subunits, a molecular mass of 1.3 X 106 daltons, and each holoenzyme molecule is presumed to contain four molecules of each subunit. The three regulatory subunits inhibit the phosphotransferase activity of the gamma subunit." SIGNOR-267407 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT VPS39 protein Q96JC1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 12941698 t miannu "TLP interacts with TGF-β and activin receptors in vivo. Endogenous TLP associates with both active and kinase-deficient TGF-beta and activin type II receptors, but interacts with the common-mediator Smad4 only in the presence of TGF-beta/activin signaling." SIGNOR-261374 TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272868 miR-29a mirna URS00004E9304_9606 RNAcentral TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10116 17994015 t Luana "Here, we show that MeCP2 levels are repressed by miR132, a brain-enriched microRNA (miRNA). We propose that the interaction of miR132 with its miRNA recognition element (MRE) in the MeCP2 3′ UTR prevents MeCP2 levels from becoming deleteriously high during neuronal maturation." SIGNOR-264703 HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT CBLL1 protein Q75N03 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31952268 t miannu "By immunoprecipitation, we present evidence that Hakai interacts with Hsp90 chaperone complex in several epithelial cells and demonstrate that is a novel Hsp90 client protein. Interestingly, by overexpressing and knocking-down experiments with Hakai, we identified Annexin A2 as a Hakai-regulated protein. Interestingly, geldanamycin-induced Hakai degradation is accompanied by an increased expression of E-cadherin and Annexin A2. Hsp90 participates in the correct folding of its client proteins, allowing them to maintain their stability and activity." SIGNOR-271475 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24749067 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that FOXO3, perhaps by activating Notch signaling, promotes the quiescent state during SC self-renewal in adult muscle regeneration." SIGNOR-244079 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser165 CSMAALTsHLQNQSN 23195996 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of MBD4 promotes 5-meC glycosylase activity Further evidence emerged to support the involvement of MBD4 in active demethylation. Protein-kinase C phosphorylation of MBD4 at two specific serine residues (165 and 262) following parathyroid hormone stimulation was shown to promote demethylation within the CYP27B1 gene promoter [12]" SIGNOR-275673 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 SGFVQSDsKRESVCN 23195996 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of MBD4 promotes 5-meC glycosylase activity Further evidence emerged to support the involvement of MBD4 in active demethylation. Protein-kinase C phosphorylation of MBD4 at two specific serine residues (165 and 262) following parathyroid hormone stimulation was shown to promote demethylation within the CYP27B1 gene promoter [12]" SIGNOR-275674 Merimepodib chemical CID:153241 PUBCHEM IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 11288107 t Federica "These studies demonstrate that VX-497 is a potent, specific, and reversible IMPDH inhibitor that selectively inhibits lymphocyte proliferation." SIGNOR-261106 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser165 CSMAALTsHLQNQSN 23195996 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of MBD4 promotes 5-meC glycosylase activity Further evidence emerged to support the involvement of MBD4 in active demethylation. Protein-kinase C phosphorylation of MBD4 at two specific serine residues (165 and 262) following parathyroid hormone stimulation was shown to promote demethylation within the CYP27B1 gene promoter [12]" SIGNOR-275675 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys137 KNGETSLkPEDFDFT 31476572 t lperfetto "MBD4 is sumoylated at three main sites: K137, K215 and K377.|Sumoylation increases the G:T repair activity of MBD4 in cell extracts.|we conducted an in vitrosumoylation assay, employing recombinant activating E1 (Aos1-Uba2) and conjugating E2 (Ubc9) enzymes, along with recombinant YFP-SUMO1 and MBD4 or, as positive control for sumoylation, TDG (Fig. 2D). These results indicate that MBD4 is sumoylated in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-275676 KIF5C protein O60282 UNIPROT Organelle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH159 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 9438838 f miannu "The kinesin superfamily of proteins plays a major role in this complex organelle transport. Kinesin is primarily associated with anterogradely transported membranous organelles in nerve axons. KIF5B and HsuKHC are expressed ubiquitously in many tissues, whereas KIF5A, KIF5C, and HsnKHC are specific to nerve tissue." SIGNOR-264066 TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8638164 t lperfetto "The yeast two-hybrid system has now revealed two human proteins, termed tab1 and tab2 (for tak1 binding protein), that interact with tak1. Overproduction of tab1 enhanced activity of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene promoter, which is regulated by tgf-beta, and increased the kinase activity of tak1. Tab1 activates the kinase activity of tak1 by directly binding to its catalytic domain. Tab1 overexpression increase the kinase activity of tak1 in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-41941 RAD1 protein O60671 UNIPROT TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18594563 t gcesareni "The 9-1-1 complex functions as a clamp, encircling the dna, and recruits the brct domain-containing protein topbp1 in a phospho-dependent manner" SIGNOR-179379 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys215 TSTHLLLkEDEGVDD 31476572 t lperfetto "MBD4 is sumoylated at three main sites: K137, K215 and K377.|Sumoylation increases the G:T repair activity of MBD4 in cell extracts.|we conducted an in vitrosumoylation assay, employing recombinant activating E1 (Aos1-Uba2) and conjugating E2 (Ubc9) enzymes, along with recombinant YFP-SUMO1 and MBD4 or, as positive control for sumoylation, TDG (Fig. 2D). These results indicate that MBD4 is sumoylated in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-275677 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys377 HLHTDILkRGSEMDN 31476572 t lperfetto "MBD4 is sumoylated at three main sites: K137, K215 and K377.|Sumoylation increases the G:T repair activity of MBD4 in cell extracts.|we conducted an in vitrosumoylation assay, employing recombinant activating E1 (Aos1-Uba2) and conjugating E2 (Ubc9) enzymes, along with recombinant YFP-SUMO1 and MBD4 or, as positive control for sumoylation, TDG (Fig. 2D). These results indicate that MBD4 is sumoylated in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-275678 "SAE1/SAE2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C294 SIGNOR MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys137 KNGETSLkPEDFDFT 31476572 t lperfetto "MBD4 is sumoylated at three main sites: K137, K215 and K377.|Sumoylation increases the G:T repair activity of MBD4 in cell extracts.|we conducted an in vitrosumoylation assay, employing recombinant activating E1 (Aos1-Uba2) and conjugating E2 (Ubc9) enzymes, along with recombinant YFP-SUMO1 and MBD4 or, as positive control for sumoylation, TDG (Fig. 2D). These results indicate that MBD4 is sumoylated in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-275679 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr184 PSAPALStPGIRDSA 9606 15192708 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O43561-2" gcesareni "Lat, an adapter protein essential for t-cell signaling, is phosphorylated at its thr 155 by erk in response to t-cell receptor stimulation. Thr 155 phosphorylation reduces the ability of lat to recruit plcgamma1 and slp76, leading to attenuation of subsequent downstream events such as [ca2+]i mobilization and activation of the erk pathway." SIGNOR-125770 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT S100A4 protein P26447 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17143014 f miannu "IFN-gamma represses S100A4 promoter activity through induction of the class II transactivator (CIITA)." SIGNOR-253776 ETFBKMT protein Q8IXQ9 UNIPROT ETFB protein P38117 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys203 PNIMKAKkKKIEVIK -1 25416781 t miannu "Accordingly, we found that METTL20-mediated methylation of ETFβ in vitro reduced its ability to receive electrons from the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. In conclusion, the present study establishes METTL20 as the first human KMT localized to mitochondria and suggests that it may regulate cellular metabolism through modulating the interaction between its substrate ETFβ and dehydrogenases." SIGNOR-269451 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR RAD23A protein P54725 UNIPROT up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein)." SIGNOR-275686 DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT RAD23A protein P54725 UNIPROT up-regulates 24086044 f lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein)." SIGNOR-275687 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein)." SIGNOR-275688 DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT up-regulates 24086044 f lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein)." SIGNOR-275689 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR ERCC8 protein Q13216 UNIPROT up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2." SIGNOR-275690 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR ERCC6 protein Q03468 UNIPROT up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2." SIGNOR-275691 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr53 PPGSLSStPLSTPCS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159373 ANKRD28 protein O15084 UNIPROT PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 17023142 t lperfetto "Phosphatase Interactor Targeting K protein (PITK) was previously identified as a novel PP1 targeting subunit implicated in modulating the phosphorylation of the transcriptional regulator heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K)" SIGNOR-264794 BACE1 protein P56817 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 28923680 t "Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) cleaves the type-I transmembrane protein APP to form the N-terminus of Aβ." SIGNOR-255480 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR XAB2 protein Q9HCS7 UNIPROT up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2." SIGNOR-275692 ERCC8 protein Q13216 UNIPROT RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 24086043 f lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275693 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" hydroxylation 9606 BTO:0000567 21620138 t "Interaction of PKM2 with prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) enhances PKM2 binding to HIF-1Œ± and PKM2 coactivator function. Mass spectrometry and anti-hydroxyproline antibody assays demonstrate PKM2 hydroxylation on proline-403/408. PHD3 knockdown inhibits PKM2 coactivator function, reduces glucose uptake and lactate production, and increases O(2) consumption in cancer cells." SIGNOR-268147 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 7791754 t lperfetto "Bmpr-ii is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that binds bmp-2 and bmp-7 in association with multiple type i receptors, including bmpr-ia/brk1, bmpr-ib, and actr-i, which is also an activin type i receptor." SIGNOR-217532 TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000738 20018851 t "inferred from 70% of family members" "GILZ inhibits FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXO4 transcriptional activities measured with natural or synthetic FOXO-responsive promoters in HL-60 cells." SIGNOR-269854 BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 26330344 t fferrentino "BMP interacts with specific receptors on the cell surface, BMP receptor types 1 and 2 (BMPr1 and BMPr2)." SIGNOR-253548 XAB2 protein Q9HCS7 UNIPROT RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 24086043 f lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275695 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 24086043 t lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275696 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24086043 t lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275697 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT RPA1 protein P27694 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24086043 t lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275698 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 15780598 t lperfetto "Upon ligand binding, IL-2R , IL-6R or LeptinR , IFN-_R , IFN-_R and PRLR or growth hormone (GH) receptor associated JAKs become activated. These JAKs mediate phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues and recruit STATs. Activated STATs are released from the receptor and translocate to the nucleus. PTP1B dephosphorylates JAK2, TYK2 and STAT5 . The 45-kDa form of TC-PTP was shown to dephosphorylate JAK1 and JAK3 as well as STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5." SIGNOR-93998 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24086043 t lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275699 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT RPA3 protein P35244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24086043 t lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275700 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT RPA4 protein Q13156 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24086043 t lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275701 PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242643 "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR RNA_splicing phenotype SIGNOR-PH201 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30765414 f lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270687 SYP protein P08247 UNIPROT VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 26903854 t miannu "Recent studies have revealed that sybII and synaptotagmin-1 interact with other SV cargoes to ensure a high fidelity of retrieval. These cargoes are synaptophysin (for sybII) and SV2A (for synaptotagmin-1). SV2A Acts as an iTRAP to Direct Synaptotagmin-1 Retrieval to SVs." SIGNOR-264117 SULT1E1 protein P49888 UNIPROT 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 7779757 t Luana "HEST-1 maximally sulfates β-estradiol and estrone at concentrations of 20 nM." SIGNOR-269749 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT ERCC1 protein P07992 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24086043 t lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275703 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 17876059 t miannu "Here, the authors show that the F-box protein beta-transducin repeat containing protein 1 (beta-TrCP1) as part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is an essential component of the mammalian circadian oscillator. Down-regulation of endogenous beta-TrCP1 as well as expression of a dominant-negative form both result in lengthening of the circadian period in oscillating fibroblasts. These phenotypes are due to an impaired degradation of PERIOD (PER) proteins, since expression of beta-TrCP interaction-deficient PER2 variants--but not wild-type PER2--results in a dramatic stabilization of PER2 protein as well as in the disruption of circadian rhythmicity." SIGNOR-268055 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8816440 t gcesareni "Although erbb-2 binds neither ligand, even in a heterodimeric receptor complex, it is the preferred heterodimer partner of the three other members, and it favors interaction with erbb-3." SIGNOR-147838 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT ANOS1 protein P23352 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268884 XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT Nucleotide-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH209 SIGNOR up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275704 RPA1 protein P27694 UNIPROT Nucleotide-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH209 SIGNOR up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275705 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000007 16964285 t amattioni "Casp8 induces apoptosis by directly activating casp3." SIGNOR-149420 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11713476 t amattioni "beta-catenin interacts with the TCF/Lef family transcription factors." SIGNOR-178042 ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-268082 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12150907 t miannu "In this study, we found that CHIP promotes Parkin-mediated Pael-R ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. In vitro ubiquitination assays suggested that only a combination of both Parkin and its cofactor CHIP function as a ubiquitin ligase, which is able to sufficiently ubiquitinate Pael-R in vivo (Figure 6). " SIGNOR-272888 RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT Nucleotide-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH209 SIGNOR up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275706 1-methyl-5-[[2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-benzimidazolamine chemical CHEBI:91451 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206382 RPA4 protein Q13156 UNIPROT Nucleotide-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH209 SIGNOR up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275708 ERCC5 protein P28715 UNIPROT Nucleotide-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH209 SIGNOR up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275709 ERCC1 protein P07992 UNIPROT Nucleotide-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH209 SIGNOR up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275710 TDG protein Q13569 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275713 MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275714 OGG1 protein O15527 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275715 MUTYH protein Q9UIF7 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275716 NTHL1 protein P78549 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275717 NEIL1 protein Q96FI4 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275718 NEIL2 protein Q969S2 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275719 CTNND2 protein Q9UQB3 UNIPROT CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252132 DCTN2 protein Q13561 UNIPROT Cytoplasmic_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF67 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 25364732 t lperfetto "ZW10 interacts with dynamitin, a subunit of the dynein-dynactin complex (Echeverri et al., 1996), thereby recruiting this motor to kinetochores" SIGNOR-265018 ARAP2 protein Q8WZ64 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260454 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 30552988 f miannu "Oncogenic, constitutively active mutants of FLT3 are known to be expressed in acute myeloid leukemia and to correlate with poor prognosis. Activation of the receptor mediates cell survival, cell proliferation and differentiation of cells. Several of the signal transduction pathways downstream of FLT3 have been shown to include various members of the SRC family of kinases (SFKs). They are involved in regulating the activity of RAS/ERK pathways through the scaffolding protein GAB2 and the adaptor protein SHC." SIGNOR-260132 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 16150867 f lperfetto "Adipocyte differentiation is regulated largely through the actions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma nuclear receptor" SIGNOR-228622 MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9566892 t miannu "Full-length c-maf binds to the c-myb and ets-1. / c-maf inhibits c-myb and ets-1 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-56811 TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15240568 f "The β-catenin–TCF4 complex activity is required for SOX9 expression." SIGNOR-253323 HSD17B11 protein Q8NBQ5 UNIPROT estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000056 16166196 t lperfetto "A novel 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) chronologically named type 12 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD12), that transforms estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) was identified by sequence similarity with type 3 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD3) that catalyzes the formation of testosterone from androstenedione in the testis." SIGNOR-268663 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT SPHK2 protein Q9NRA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20197547 t "Our data so far indicated colocalization of SphK2 with caspase-1 at the plasma membrane after induction of apoptosis.These observations supported caspase-1–dependent cleavage of SphK2 at its N-terminus as a prerequisite for its release." SIGNOR-268831 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Tyr27 LSSTCVAyVATRDNC -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-14 27YVATRDN g-chain| 105XDAATLKSR g-chain | 92LTYNPDES g-chain |105LTTNIXEXL a-chain|433LVTSKGDKE a-chain| 117FXSANNRD a-chain" SIGNOR-263616 M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 32454942 f miannu "Macrophages and microglia show a high plasticity and have been arbitrarily classified into “M1” (proinflammatory) and “M2” (prorepair, anti-inflammatory) phenotypes depending on their activation state, although it is now widely accepted that this classification is hugely oversimplified, particularly for microglia, and only partially reflects the real situation. According to the M1/M2 model, M1 polarized cells are characterized by the release of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF, IL-1β, and IFNγ" SIGNOR-263825 AS-605240 chemical CID:5289247 PUBCHEM PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189921 E protein P59637 UNIPROT SDCBP protein O00560 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 25122212 t Luana "Overall, these results support the hypothesis that the interaction of E protein PBM with syntenin facilitates the recruitment of syntenin in the cytosol and leads to p38 MAPK activation." SIGNOR-260752 ACO2 protein Q99798 UNIPROT citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Citrate is converted to cis-aconitate. This is catalyzed by aconitase. Cis-aconitate is an intermediate and is further converted to isocitrate by aconitase. Aconitase is involved in both reactions. In which first dehydration and then rehydration occur and as a result final product isocitrate is obtained." SIGNOR-266244 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT TRPV6 protein Q9H1D0 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17197020 t gcesareni "We conclude that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of tyrosines in position 161 and 162 is essential for regulation of ca2+ influx through trpv6 ca2+ channels in hek293 cells. Co-transfection with src led to tyrosine phosphorylation of trpv6 which could be dephosphorylated by ptp1b. y161/162 are essential for tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent modulation of trpv6-mediated ca2+ entry." SIGNOR-151711 NRG1 protein Q02297 UNIPROT "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-269870 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 26088133 t lperfetto "Anchored PP1 may relieve PKA-mediated inhibition of GSK3beta by dephosphorylating Ser-9, providing bi-directional control of AKAP220 complex formation in response to cAMP." SIGNOR-264820 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr221 AGTSFMMtPYVVTRY 9606 15911620 t lperfetto "Two mapkks, sek1 and mkk7, synergistically activate jnk. Sek1 prefers the tyr-185 residue, and mkk7 prefers the thr-183 residue (17, 19)." SIGNOR-137609 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120228 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT HLA-DQB1 protein P01920 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271539 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10026169 t esanto "Growth factor binding to receptor protein tyrosine kinases (r-ptks)1 induces their dimerization and trans-phosphorylation, creating docking sites for proteins containing sh2 and ptb protein interaction domains. Nck binds to the pdgf and egfr receptors (figure 3c)." SIGNOR-64737 SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Sav1 interacts with Mst1/2 through the SARAH domains present in both Sav1 and Mst1/2." gcesareni "Mst is activated by binding of salvador (sav1, sav in drosophila), which is, in turn, also phosphorylated by mst." SIGNOR-169832 NEIL3 protein Q8TAT5 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275720 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser239 GAKLRKVsKQEEASG 9606 14679200 t lperfetto "Three phosphorylation sites have been identified in VASP: Ser157, Ser239, and Thr278, all of which can be phosphorylated by either PKA or PKG in vitro" SIGNOR-120351 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SLK protein Q9H2G2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser347 SSDLSIAsSEEDKLS 9606 16837460 t gcesareni "Slk down-regulation by v-src is indirect and is accompanied by slk hyperphosphorylation on serine residues. Deletion analysis revealed that casein kinase ii (ck2) sites at position 347/348 are critical for v-src-dependent modulation of slk activity." SIGNOR-147879 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr381 SESSDDDyDDVDIPT 9606 11514608 t lperfetto "BCR ligation induced rapid tyrosine-phosphorylation of HPK1 mainly by Syk and Lyn, resulting in its association with BASH and catalytic activation. BCR-mediated activation of HPK1 was impaired in Syk- or BASH-deficient B cells. The functional SH2 domain of BASH and Tyr-379 within HPK1 which we identified as a Syk-phosphorylation site were both necessary for interaction of both proteins and efficient HPK1 activation after BCR stimulation." SIGNOR-246567 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser770 MMRSKETsSPGTDDV 9606 17209041 t miannu "We have demonstrated that the map kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2) are implicated in growth factor activation of nhe1. / our results suggest that amino acids ser770 and ser771 mediate erk-dependent activation of the na+/h+ exchanger in vivo." SIGNOR-151925 PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 f lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242652 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF4G2 protein P78344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser902 ETAEEEEsEEEAD 9606 BTO:0000007 29530922 t miannu "DAP5(S902) is phosphorylated by CK2α. Phosphorylation of DAP5(S902) by CK2α is required for eIF2β binding." SIGNOR-266384 RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT STING1 protein Q86WV6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys150 EISAVCEkGNFNVAH 9606 BTO:0000007 19285439 t miannu "The ubiquitin ligase RNF5 regulates antiviral responses by mediating degradation of the adaptor protein MITA. RNF5 targeted MITA at Lys150 for ubiquitination and degradation after viral infection." SIGNOR-271484 UBAP2L protein Q14157 UNIPROT BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25185265 t Sara "We identified UBAP2L as a novel BMI1-interacting protein. UBAP2L, BMI1, RNF2, and PHC1 define a novel Polycomb subcomplex" SIGNOR-261315 PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23140367 t miannu "Phospholipase C (PLC) converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." SIGNOR-251558 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr588 PEHQLLKtPSSSSLS 9606 18201571 t gcesareni "We report here that (i) mgcracgap is phosphorylated by aurora b and cdk1, (ii) pp2a dephosphorylates aurora b and cdk1 phosphorylated sites and (iii) inhibition of pp2a abrogates mgcracgap/ect2 interaction. Therefore, pp2a may regulate cytokinesis by dephosphorylating mgcracgap and its interacting partners." SIGNOR-160402 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257361 ZNF804A protein Q7Z570 UNIPROT PIK3AP1 protein Q6ZUJ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23434502 t miannu "ZNF804A has been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia by several genome-wide association studies (GWAS), follow-up association studies and meta-analyses. ZNF804A was identified as a schizophrenia-associated gene by GWAS and was predicted to play a role in DNA binding and transcription To identify the genes that are affected by ZNF804A, we manipulated the expression of the ZNF804A protein in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell lines and performed a cDNA microarray analysis followed by qPCR. We found that ZNF804A-overexpression up-regulated four genes (ANKRD1, INHBE, PIK3AP1, and DDIT3) and down-regulated three genes (CLIC2, MGAM, and BIRC3)." SIGNOR-269463 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser483 SMQPDNSsDSDYDLH 9606 9834084 t lperfetto "In this study, we use jurkat t cell transfectants of cd5 cytoplasmic tail mutants to reveal phosphorylation sites relevant to signal transduction. Our results show that casein kinase ii (ckii) is responsible for the constitutive phosphorylation of cd5 molecules at a cluster of three serine residues located at the extreme c terminus (s458, s459, and s461)" SIGNOR-62307 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser214 LVRSREVsVDEGRAC -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249000 DIP2A protein Q14689 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 33781892 t miannu "DIP2a is associated with SOD in the mitochondria of mouse brain. DIP2a knockout inhibited SOD activity. In this paper, we analyzed the interacting proteins of DIP2A by mass spectrum analysis and found that DIP2A was correlated with superoxide dismutase (SOD), SOD1 and SOD2. Knockout of DIP2A decreased SOD activity and increased the level of ROS in the mouse brain." SIGNOR-266591 PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 22306293 t llicata "Pkm2 activates transcription of mek5 by phosphorylating stat3 at y705. pkm2 regulates mek5 transcription via activation of stat3" SIGNOR-195766 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MIP protein P30301 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser229 LLFPRLKsISERLSV -1 2176601 t miannu "Phosphorylation at one of these sites (serine 243) could be increased by A kinase in vitro. phosphorylation of MIP reconstituted into single bilayers increased the voltage dependence and long-term closures of the channels observed." SIGNOR-250018 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Ile-tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29160 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270422 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 10734133 t flangone "Finally, we have tested the set of ptps for their ability to dephosphorylate a phosphopeptide corresponding to the irk autophosphorylation site. tc-ptp, sap-1, and ptp-1b all tested positive, but ptp-? Showed no activity, although the same gst-ptp preparation could efficiently convert pnpp (tablei). Interestingly, many other ptps showed activity, namely dep-1, glepp-1, lar, ptp-?, -?, -?, And shp-1." SIGNOR-75918 SMOC1 protein Q9H4F8 UNIPROT SPARC protein P09486 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20359165 f lperfetto "The expression of several osteoblast differentiation markers (ALP, COL1, OPN, ON, BSP and OC) was higher in SMOC1-overexpressing cells than in emptyvector-expressing cells" SIGNOR-260401 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NR4A2 protein P43354 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser126 SVYYKPSsPPTPTTP 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 17681692 t llicata "We have shown that erk2 is a kinase to phosphorylate nurr1 on multiple sites. S126 and t132, which are located near af1 core of nurr1, are dominant sites phosphorylated by erk2. reporter gene assays show that nurr1delta124-133/t185a, an erk2 phospho-site mutant form, could not further increase its transcriptional activity on th promoter, suggesting that nurr1 phosphorylation by erk2 may regulate its transcriptional activity on th promoter." SIGNOR-157167 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 17967874 t lperfetto "In this study, we show that the increased interaction between B56gamma and p53 after DNA damage requires ATM-dependent phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15." SIGNOR-158632 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8142649 f Regulation miannu "Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta) have both been shown to act on hematopoietic progenitor cells. bFGF antagonized the TGF-beta-mediated induction of hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner, with 0.1 ng/mL bFGF inhibiting hemoglobin induction by 40% and 10 ng/mL bFGF completely abrogating hemoglobin production." SIGNOR-251795 E2F3 protein O00716 UNIPROT TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 8832394 t 2 miannu "The transcriptionally active forms of E2F are heterodimers composed of one polypeptide encoded by the E2F gene family and one polypeptide encoded by the DP gene family.In transfected cells, DP-1 did not accumulate in the nucleus unless it was coexpressed with the heterodimeric partners E2F-1, E2F-2, or E2F-3." SIGNOR-240553 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 10464286 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-70440 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264924 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser612 MYLSPVRsPKKKGST 9606 BTO:0000093 17380128 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of prb at ser612 by chk1/2 leads to a complex between prb and e2f-1 after dna damageprb inhibits cell cycle progression through interactions with the e2f family of transcription factors. Here, we report that dna damage induced not only the dephosphorylation of prb at cdk phosphorylation sites and the binding of prb to e2f-1, but also the phosphorylation of prb at ser612. Phosphorylation of prb at ser612 enhanced the formation of a complex between prb and e2f-1" SIGNOR-153908 "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR Spliceosomal_snRNP_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH79 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9323129 f lperfetto "These findings suggest a role for SMN and SIP1 in spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis and function and provide a likely molecular mechanism for the cause of SMA" SIGNOR-253123 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT MYL12B protein O14950 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 11278951 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase cdna was cloned, sequenced, expressed in e. coli, and shown to phosphorylate myosin light chain in the absence of ca(2+) at ser(19) and thr(18). Smooth muscle contraction follows an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, activation of myosin light chain kinase, and phosphorylation of the 20-kDa light chain of myosin at Ser(19)." SIGNOR-106423 AATK protein Q6ZMQ8 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000142 14521924 t gcesareni "Apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase is a cdk5 activator p35 binding protein." SIGNOR-118403 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser250 TGSPAELsPTTLSPV 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t miannu "Phosphorylation of smad2 by erk increases its transcriptional activity /thr220 and ser245, ser250, and ser255 were possible phosphorylation sites. The phosphorylation of peak a peptide by erk1 is consistent with that prediction." SIGNOR-91718 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19151762 f lperfetto "Cell cycle progression is monitored constantly to ensure faithful passage of genetic codes and genome stability. We have demonstrated previously that, upon DNA damage, TTK/hMps1 activates the checkpoint kinase CHK2 by phosphorylating CHK2 at Thr68" SIGNOR-242605 isoprenaline chemical CHEBI:64317 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8982677 t miannu "K i values of the agonists for [~25I]iodocyanopindolol binding to the COS-7 cell membranes are shown in Table 1. In the membranes expressing one of the 13-adrenoceptor subtypes, both isoproterenol and T-0509 caused monophasic dis- placement of [~25I]iodocyanopindolol, suggesting a single binding site of the agonists." SIGNOR-258578 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 DDGYMPMsPGVAPVP 9606 15001544 t lperfetto "Rin beta-cells exposed to high glucose exhibited increased c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) and erk1/2 activity, which was associated with increased irs-1 phosphorylation at serine (ser)(307) and ser(612), respectively, that inhibits coupling of irs-1 to the insulin receptor and is upstream of the inhibition of irs-1 tyrosine phosphorylation." SIGNOR-123177 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21871017 t miannu "NFAT induces the transcription of the COX2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) gene incancer cells thereby enhancing invasive migration" SIGNOR-264026 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT SIGMAR1 protein Q99720 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22079628 f miannu "we have demonstrated that Sig-1Rs were transcriptionally upregulated by ATF4 in ER stress." SIGNOR-253750 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT AICDA protein Q9GZX7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31092637 t miannu " Further analysis indicated that CUL7 mediated AID ubiquitination by forming a complex with FBXW11. In a CUL7 fl/fl CD19 cre+ mouse model, we demonstrated that CUL7 knockout significantly enhanced AID protein levels in B cells in the germinal center and increased both the IgG1 and IgA class switching. Collectively, our results reveal a subtle regulation mechanism for tightly controlling AID protein levels. F-box proteins are components of SCF ubiquitin-ligase complexes that contain Skp1, CUL1, or CUL7, and an F-box protein" SIGNOR-272024 DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-268823 IL1A protein P01583 UNIPROT IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001573 9565970 t lperfetto "Il-1ri is responsible for il-1 signaling" SIGNOR-56718 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23110252 t lperfetto "The PRC2 core, conserved from Drosophila to humans, is composed of four proteins that add up to about 230 kDa (Figure 1A) (see Margueron and Reinberg, 2010 for a recent review): EED (present in different isoforms), either one of the two methyltranferases Ezh1 or Ezh2 (Ezh1/2), Suz12, and either RbAp46 or RbAp48 (RbAp46/48)." SIGNOR-241894 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249343 APEX1 protein P27695 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "An essential role of BER has been documented by inactivating functions of proteins in the common steps of BER. Thus, the major AP-endonuclease in mammalian cells, APE1, is essential for survival, as shown using knockout mice (Friedberg and Meira 2006). APE1 (also called HAP1 and Apex) carries both an AP-endonuclease activity and a redox function required for activation of several transcription factors" SIGNOR-275721 "adenosine 5'-monophosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16027 ChEBI IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001103 1631143 t miannu "AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6) is encoded by a multigene family in mammals. The AMPD1 gene is expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle, where this enzyme is thought to play an important role in energy metabolism. AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6), an enzyme that catalyzes deamination of AMP to IMP, and the purine nucleotide cycle, of which AMPD is one component, play a central role in purine nucleotide interconversion in eukaryotic cells." SIGNOR-269774 EIF4A3 protein P38919 UNIPROT "Exon junction complex" complex SIGNOR-C369 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16923391 t miannu "The EJC is deposited onto mRNA during splicing and is transported to the cytoplasm where it influences translation, surveillance, and localization of the spliced mRNA. The complex is formed by the association of four proteins (eIF4AIII, Barentsz [Btz], Mago, and Y14), mRNA, and ATP." SIGNOR-265240 PFKP protein Q01813 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266473 RETREG3 protein Q86VR2 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000934 23939472 f lperfetto "We found that NRF-1 positively regulates FAM134C and ENOX1, but negatively regulates C3orf10 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells and primary rat cortical neurons. In IMR-32 cells, FAM134C positively regulates and C3orf10 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth, but ENOX1 plays no role in neurite outgrowth regulation. " SIGNOR-261490 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT VLDL_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH62 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11111091 f miannu "SREBP1 increased the expression of MTP and increased the assembly and secretion of VLDL containing apo B100. SREBP1 induced the expression of the genes regulating the synthesis of all VLDL lipids" SIGNOR-252112 NPY protein P01303 UNIPROT NPY5R protein Q15761 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11825645 t gcesareni "Npy expression significantly increases whereas the gene expression of its receptors npy1r, npy2r, and npy5r initially decreases." SIGNOR-114746 RFX4 protein Q33E94 UNIPROT IFT172 protein Q9UG01 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19887680 f miannu "We find that Ift172, which encodes an intraflagellar transport protein necessary for ciliogenesis, is a direct transcriptional target of Rfx4" SIGNOR-223319 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser318 SRTNSNAsTVSGRLS 9606 20110348 t lperfetto "Casein kinase (ck) 1 mediates the hierarchical phosphorylation of foxo3a at s318 and s321, which like foxo1 (rena et al., 2002 blue right-pointing triangle, 2004 blue right-pointing triangle), is probably to enhance its rate of nuclear export" SIGNOR-163672 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 17591690 t llicata "We show that cdk5 phosphorylates p53 on ser15, ser33 and ser46 cdk5-stabilized p53 protein is transcriptionally active" SIGNOR-156422 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RASGRF1 protein Q13972 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser927 KEKYRRMsLASAGFP 9606 BTO:0000938 10601308 t llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 916 of ras-grf1 contributes to the activation of exchange factor activity by muscarinic receptors." SIGNOR-73202 capecitabine chemical CHEBI:31348 ChEBI TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15866500 t miannu "These findings suggest that the mechanism of antiproliferative toxicity of capecitabine is at least partly due to TS inhibitory activity of its active metabolite 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP)." SIGNOR-259354 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser303 RVKEEPPsPPQSPRV -1 8940068 t "Ser-303 is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) through a mechanism dependent on primary phosphorylation of Ser-307 by MAPK. Secondary phosphorylation of Ser-303 by GSK3 may thus repress the activity of HSF-1, and its requirement for priming by MAPK phosphorylation of Ser-307 provides a potential link between the MAPK cascade and HSF-1." SIGNOR-251216 masitinib chemical CHEBI:63450 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258245 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RIOK2 protein Q9BVS4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser335 TKEGSEFsFSDGEVA -1 21880710 t miannu "Here, we report that the atypical protein kinase Rio2 is a novel substrate of Plk1 and can be phosphorylated by Plk1 at Ser-335, Ser-380, and Ser-548. Overexpression of Rio2 causes a prolonged mitotic exit whereas knockdown of Rio2 accelerates mitotic progression, suggesting that Rio2 is required for the proper mitotic progression. F urthermore, time-lapse imaging data show that overexpression of Rio2 but not Rio2 S3A results in a slowed metaphase-anaphase transition. Collectively, these findings strongly indicate that the Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Rio2 regulates metaphase-anaphase transition during mitotic progression." SIGNOR-262937 SUCLA2 protein Q9P2R7 UNIPROT "Succinyl-CoA ATP variant" complex SIGNOR-C398 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32627745 t miannu "Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only substrate-level phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.  In mammals, SCS is a mitochondrial enzyme and is an α,β-heterodimer with different isoforms: ATP-specific SCS (ATPSCS) and GTP-specific SCS (GTPSCS)." SIGNOR-266262 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15861399 t miannu "The unliganded AR resides predominately in the cytoplasm as a heteromeric complex with hsp90 and other chaperone proteins. These chaperone proteins maintain AR in a form that is receptive to ligand binding. Regulation of gene expression by androgen-activated AR occurs through receptor nuclear translocation, dimerization, and binding to androgen response elements (AREs) in the DNA of target genes." SIGNOR-251537 ADSS1 protein Q8N142 UNIPROT IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267344 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser405 QARAHGLsLIPSTGL 9606 10587587 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O75030-9" gcesareni "Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3) was found to phosphorylate ser298 in vitro, thereby enhancing the binding of mitf to the tyrosinase promoter" SIGNOR-72878 CACNA1G protein O43497 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30849329 t miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission. Several neurological and cardiac disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding α1-subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNA1A (MIM: 601011) (familial hemiplegic migraine [MIM: 141500], episodic ataxia [MIM: 108500], and epilepsy [MIM: 617106]),3, 4, 5 CACNA1C (MIM: 114205) (Timothy syndrome [MIM: 601005]),6, 7 CACNA1D (MIM: 114206) (primary aldosteronism, neurodevelopmental disorders [MIM: 615474]),8, 9 and CACNA1G (MIM: 604065) (spinocerebellar ataxia [MIM: 616795])." SIGNOR-264324 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f gcesareni "In addition to osteocalcin, cbfa1 regulates expression of several other genes that are activated during osteoblast" SIGNOR-107169 CYP26A1 protein O43174 UNIPROT "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31963453 t lperfetto "Cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamily 26 of enzymes degrade the excess of RA to avoid detrimental effects [17]. Among the three subtypes (CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP26C1), CYP26A1 is particularly important during embryonic development" SIGNOR-265139 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PDIA3 protein P30101 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr454 VRGFPTIyFSPANKK -1 8631326 t miannu "Lyn phosphorylates tyrosine residues Y444, Y453 and Y466 which are located in a highly acidic region of the protein at the C-terminus. Upon phosphorylation, p57 forms a complex with Lyn which can be immunoprecipitated with anti-Lyn IgG. The association which occurs between the phosphorylated substrate and the SH2 domain of the kinase is consistent with the suggested 'processive phosphorylation' model, which implies that a primary phosphorylation site of the substrate binds to the SH2 domain of the enzyme and triggers the phosphorylation at secondary site(s)." SIGNOR-262895 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24089055 t lperfetto "Here we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a widely upregulated gene product in human cancers, is an integral component of the circadian molecular machinery. | The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates MTA1 transcription through a conserved E-box element at its promoter. MTA1, in turn, interacts with and recruits CLOCK-BMAL1 at its own and CRY1 promoters and promotes their transcription." SIGNOR-253718 SB-202190 chemical CHEBI:79090 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206697 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AHNAK protein Q09666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr694 LPDMSVKtPKISMPD 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262768 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14592841 t "Activation of C/EBPα induces PU.1 expression, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation in 32D cells expressing FLT3/ITD" SIGNOR-261531 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT ASAP1 protein Q9ULH1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr767 RDKQRLSyGAFTNQI 9606 BTO:0000007 12771146 t miannu "The tyrosine kinase Pyk2 regulates Arf1 activity by phosphorylation and inhibition of the Arf-GTPase-activating protein ASAP1. Pyk2 directly phosphorylates ASAP1 on tyrosine residues in vitro and increases ASAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation when co-expressed in HEK293T cells.Phosphorylation of tyrosine 308 and 782 affects the phosphoinositide binding profile of ASAP1, and fluorimetric Arf-GTPase assays with purified proteins revealed an inhibition of ASAP1 GTPase-activating protein activity by Pyk2-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263187 STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21084559 t miannu "Mst is activated by binding of salvador (sav1, sav in drosophila), which is, in turn, also phosphorylated by mst." SIGNOR-256184 VEGFD protein O43915 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9435229 t gcesareni "Vegf-d is a ligand for both vegf receptors (vegfrs) vegfr-2 (flk1) and vegfr-3 (flt4) and can activate these receptors." SIGNOR-55065 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11524435 t gcesareni "Tcf3 is a substrate for both glycogen synthase kinase (gsk) 3 and casein kinase (ck) 1epsilon, and phosphorylation of tcf3 by ckiepsilon stimulates its binding to beta-catenin, an effect reversed by gsk3." SIGNOR-110056 NHLH2 protein Q02577 UNIPROT MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 22169038 f miannu "SIRT1 deacetylates the brain-specific helix-loop-helix transcription factor NHLH2 on lysine 49 to increase its activation of the MAO-A promoter" SIGNOR-254829 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ORC1 protein Q13415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr375 AQNEATStPHRIRRK 9606 11931757 t lperfetto "Horc1p contains three (s/t)px(k/r) consensus sites for cdk phosphorylation (ser258, ser273, and thr375). These data combined strongly suggest that skp2 promotes horc1p turnover and that the n-terminal domain of horc1p, containing most of the phosphorylation sites and overlapping with one of the skp2-interacting domains, is a regulatory element for horc1p stability." SIGNOR-116329 MMP15 protein P51511 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272360 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLD2 protein O14939 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr252 LLYMCLEtGAISFVQ 9606 15979581 t miannu "The phosphorylation sites in phospholipase d2 (pld2) induced by activation of protein kinase calpha (pkcalpha) in cos 7 cells were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Ser134, 146, and 243, and thr72, 99/100, and 252 were identified. These sites were mutated to ala and the double mutation of ser243 and thr252 eliminated the phosphorylation. / the s243/t252a mutant showed a partial decrease in pld2 activity" SIGNOR-138355 TNFAIP3 protein P21580 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 15258597 t "A20The carboxy-terminal domain of A20, composed of seven C2/C2 zinc fingers, then functions as a ubiquitin ligase by polyubiquitinating RIP with K48-linked ubiquitin chains, thereby targeting RIP for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-259977 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr478 PPPPPPVyEPVSYHV 9606 22397367 t lperfetto "Ezrin, a member of the erm family of proteins, is frequently over-expressed in human breast cancers, and is required for motility and invasion of epithelial cells. In particular, ezrin phosphorylation on y477 by src is specific to ezrin within the erm family, and is required for hgf-induced scattering of epithelial cells." SIGNOR-196443 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser249 GLSLSRFsWGAEGQR -1 2413024 t lperfetto "MBP was phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or C | Subsequent amino acid analysis and/or sequential Edman degradation of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence of this protein, revealed that Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161 at various reaction velocities." SIGNOR-248872 RSPO1 protein Q2MKA7 UNIPROT ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "This is counteracted by respondin 1, which induces znrf3 internalization" SIGNOR-199629 NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser195 SKTTAAHsLVGTPYY 9606 BTO:0000007 12840024 t lperfetto "Nercc1 catalyzes the phosphorylation of nek6 (ser206) and the equivalent site on nek7 (ser195), resulting in a 20-25-fold activation of nek6/7 kinase activity" SIGNOR-103030 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr447 RLSSFTSyENPT 9606 12121988 t lperfetto "Mutation of a C-terminal tyrosine (Tyr-447) increases enzyme activity and SH2 domain accessibility, consistent with a role for this residue in autoinhibition. | These results suggest that the Y447F and W44A mutations disrupt the normal intramolecular regulation of Brk and increase the catalytic activity of Brk." SIGNOR-249152 ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT Cell_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH38 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 23776207 f lperfetto "Expression of the phospho-mimicking ACAP4 mutant promotes ARF6-dependent cell migration." SIGNOR-272237 6-{4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine chemical CHEBI:40629 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189347 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr146 KEVHKSGyLSSERLI 9606 15647376 t llicata "N this study we have demonstrated that ezrin y145 is a direct target for phosphorylation by the tyrosine kinase src evidence from this study suggests that a positive feedback loop exists whereby src-mediated ezrin y145 phosphorylation sustains src activity._" SIGNOR-133227 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21423276 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-172923 HJURP protein Q8NCD3 UNIPROT CENPA protein P49450 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19410544 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that prenucleosomal CENP-A is complexed with histone H4, nucleophosmin 1, and HJURP. Recruitment of new CENP-A into nucleosomes at replicated centromeres is dependent on HJURP. Recognition by HJURP is mediated through the centromere targeting domain (CATD) of CENP-A, a region that we demonstrated previously to induce a unique conformational rigidity to both the subnucleosomal CENP-A heterotetramer and the corresponding assembled nucleosome. We propose HJURP to be a cell-cycle-regulated CENP-A-specific histone chaperone required for centromeric chromatin assembly." SIGNOR-263707 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 10851089 t miannu "SAG was found to be the second family member of Rbx (RING box protein) or ROC (Regulator of cullins) or Hrt that is a component of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase. Indeed, like ROC1/Rbx1/Hrt1, SAG binds to Cul1 and SAG-Cul1 complex has ubiquitin ligase activity to promote poly-ubiquitination of E2/Cdc34. " SIGNOR-271443 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser211 LVGVTSSsCPADLTQ 9606 BTO:0000007 26000950 t "Lysosomal Ca2+ release via mucolipin 1 (MCOLN1) activates calcineurin, which binds and de-phosphorylates TFEB, thus promoting its nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-255306 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr209 TGMFPRNyVTPVNRN 9606 BTO:0000017 11726515 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb2 by bcr/abl or egf receptor reduced its sh3-dependent binding to sos in vivo, but not its sh2-dependent binding to bcr/abl. Tyr209 within the c-terminal sh3 domain of grb2 was identified as one of the tyrosine phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-112354 ACACB protein O00763 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20952656 t miannu "ACC catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting and first committed step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Two isoforms of ACC exist in mammals, ACC1 and ACC2, and both enzymes function to carboxylate acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA" SIGNOR-267106 ZMIZ1 protein Q9ULJ6 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001321 14609956 t miannu "Our results demonstrate that hZimp10 is a novel AR interacting protein that augments AR-mediated transcription. Moreover, hZimp10 co-localized with AR and SUMO-1 at replication foci throughout S phase, and it was capable of enhancing sumoylation of AR in vivo." SIGNOR-263935 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser412 GIPFRRPsTYGIPRL 9606 BTO:0000671 12082086 t lperfetto "G-kinase phosphorylated tfii-i in vitro and in vivo on ser(371) and ser(743) outside of the interaction domain. G-kinase strongly enhanced tfii-i transactivation of a serum-response element-containing promoter in cos7 cells" SIGNOR-89849 FERMT2 protein Q96AC1 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26037143 t miannu "Here we report that Src binds to and phosphorylates Kindlin-2 at Y193. Reciprocally, Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation activates and maintains Src kinase activity. Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation is also involved in its binding capacity with Migfilin and the recruitment of Migfilin to the focal adhesions. Functionally, we demonstrate that Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation regulates Kindlin-2-mediated cell spreading and migration." SIGNOR-266101 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 10116 7535768 t "Dephosphorylation and Inactivation of ERKs|A single protein kinase, MEK, activates ERK2 by phosphorylating threonine 183 and tyrosine 185" SIGNOR-248717 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:28750 ChEBI dehydroepiandrosterone chemical CHEBI:28689 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000050;BTO:0000056 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268647 LYPLA2 protein O95372 UNIPROT GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" deacetylation Cys4 cMRRTKQV 9606 BTO:0000567 21152083 t miannu "Acyl-protein thioesterase 2 catalyzes the deacylation of peripheral membrane-associated GAP-43. In this work, we investigated the deacylation of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), a dually acylated protein at cysteine residues 3 and 4. Thus, the results demonstrate that APT-2 is the protein thioesterase involved in the acylation/deacylation cycle operating in GAP-43 subcellular distribution.we demonstrated that the reduction in the protein level was abrogated when cells were also treated with proteasome inhibitors (chloroquine, MG132 and lactacystin) which strongly suggest that GAP-43 deacylation is an early and necessary step for its later ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. In addition, it also suggests that acyl-protein thioesterase levels not only regulate palmitate turnover but also global protein turnover of GAP-43." SIGNOR-266768 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr175 EITTNRFyGPQVNNI 10090 16199863 t gcesareni "Mutation of both tyrosines 175 and 256 to phenylalanine was required to abolish Abl-mediated phosphorylation of N-WASP in the presence of Grb2 [€] suggesting that phosphorylation at tyrosine 175 is not critical for comet tail formation by Shigella" SIGNOR-247666 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser312 TESITATsPASMVGG -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251293 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C3 17386266 t gcesareni "Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of pras40 by akt/pkb suppresses its mtorc1 inhibitory activity." SIGNOR-153931 ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9428518 t gcesareni "Stable expression of alpha6beta4 increased carcinoma invasion in a pi3k-dependent manner, and transient expression of a constitutively active pi3k increased invasion in the absence of alpha6beta4. Ligation of alpha6beta4 stimulated significantly more pi3k activity than ligation of beta1 integrins, establishing specificity among integrins for pi3k activation." SIGNOR-54703 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9784611 t gcesareni "we conclude that beta-trcp is a component of an e3 ubiquitin ligase that is responsible for the targeted degradation of phosphorylated beta-catenin.We Found that the binding of beta-trcp to beta-catenin was direct" SIGNOR-60751 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr735 KPFPAPQtPGRLQPA 9606 12058067 t gcesareni "Extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylates tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme at threonine 735: a potential role in regulated sheddingwe show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) acts as an intermediate in protein kinase c-regulated trka cleavage. We report that the cytosolic tail of the tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (tace) is phosphorylated by erk at threonine 735. In addition, we show that erk and tace associate. This association is favored by erk activation and by the presence of threonine 735. In contrast to the erk route, the p38 mapk was able to stimulate trka cleavage in cells devoid of tace activity, indicating that other proteases are also involved in trka shedding." SIGNOR-89625 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17700533 t miannu "Since HDM2, a key negative regulator of p53, also binds to and inhibits p73, we asked whether p73 could mediate Nutlin-3-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-255470 PMP22 protein Q01453 UNIPROT ITGA6 protein P23229 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21518455 f Regulation miannu "Peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) modulates alpha 6 integrin expression in the human endometrium. Overexpression of PMP22 was sufficient to increase α6 integrin surface expression with a concominant increase in binding to the extracellular matrix laminin, while a reduction in PMP22 suppressed α6 integrin surface expression." SIGNOR-251897 MCU_MICU3_variant complex SIGNOR-C501 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270873 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 11950834 t irozzo "Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we show that several subunits of the human SWI/SNF complex bind to the tumor suppressor protein p53 in vivo and in vitro.Molecular connection between p53 and the SWI/SNF complex implicates that (i) the SWI/SNF complex is necessary for p53-driven transcriptional activation, and (ii) the SWI/SNF complex plays an important role in p53-mediated cell cycle control." SIGNOR-256285 GRIPAP1 protein Q4V328 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181;BTO:0000142 17761173 t Giorgia "To examine whether GRASP‐1 interacts with MEKK1 and JNK1 in neurons, co‐immunoprecipitation experiments were performed with detergent‐solubilized extracts from cultured cortical neurons. Both antiJNK1 and anti‐MEKK1 antibodies immunoprecipitated GRASP‐1 from neuronal lysates. These results suggest that GRASP‐1 interacts with MEKK1 and JNK1 in neurons." SIGNOR-260640 NUP88 protein Q99567 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262076 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15586017 t "Regulation of localization" miannu "The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is induced in the aldosterone sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) where it may stimulate Na reabsorption, partly by inhibiting ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2-mediated retrieval of epithelial Na+ channel ENaC from the luminal membrane." SIGNOR-251949 DFFA protein O00273 UNIPROT DFFB protein O76075 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9108473 t amattioni "Dff is a heterodimer of 40 kda and 45 kda subunits." SIGNOR-29729 Laminin-10 complex SIGNOR-C182 SIGNOR "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253222 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 SSPDKRLtLSQIYEW 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252980 Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253221 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser40 GQGAPGPsLTGSPWP 9606 12421349 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P07101-3" gcesareni "Mitogen-activated protein-kinase (map) kinase-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 (mapkap kinase-1, mapkap kinase-2), were found to phosphorylate bacterially expressed human tyrosine hydroxylaserecombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase (hth1) was found to be phosphorylated by mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (msk1) at ser40 and by p38 regulated/activated kinase (prak) on ser19. Phosphorylation by msk1 induced an increase in vmax" SIGNOR-95483 PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT eIF4F_complex complex SIGNOR-C44 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30209168 t miannu "The binding of PABP to mRNA poly(A) tails is followed by interactions with eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF4G) and other translation factors, including eIF4E, to constitute a translation initiation complex, which mediates cellular mRNA circularization and enhances cap-dependent translation by facilitating ribosome recycling" SIGNOR-260943 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates acetylation 9606 22120716 t gcesareni "In earlier studies, we demonstrated that maml1 enhanced p300 acetyltransferase activity, which increased the acetylation of notch by p300.Acetylation controls notch stability and function in t-cell leukemia." SIGNOR-254311 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19352540 t gcesareni "Mad6-pellino-1 interaction abrogated signaling mediated by a complex of irak1." SIGNOR-185128 6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-5-(3-piperidinyl)-7-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinamine chemical CHEBI:131165 ChEBI CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206841 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" BTO:0001103 7532173 f "Simone Vumbaca" "These results suggest that at least initially, the muscle-forming regions contained cells with myogenic potential, and that this potential is lost in the myogenin mutants as development proceeds." SIGNOR-255644 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser746 RRSVRIGsYIERDVT 9606 7539802 t miannu "Phosphorylation of kit/scfr by pkc-_ in vitro: identification of ser-741 and ser-746 as the major phosphorylation sites for pkc / pkc, which acts in an scf-stimulated feedback loop, that negatively controls kit/scfr kinase activity" SIGNOR-28605 TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253858 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI N-acetyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16953 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19524112 t miannu "The biosynthetic enzyme, aspartate-N-acetyltransferase (Asp-NAT; EC 2.3.1.17) is a CNS specific enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetate from acetyl-CoA to L-aspartate forming NAA." SIGNOR-267519 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251596 SLC44A2 protein Q8IWA5 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12761501 f Giorgia "Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways" SIGNOR-260390 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1070 DSFLQRYsSDPTGAL BTO:0000017 1309762 t llicata "The mechanism of desensitization of kinase activity can be accounted for, in part, by the EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of the receptor at Ser1046/7, a substrate for the multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vitro. Mutation of Ser1046/7 by replacement with Ala residues blocks desensitization of the EGF receptor protein-tyrosine kinase activity. " SIGNOR-250694 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 9606 11278991 t lperfetto "We have recently found that nucleophosmin (npm/b23), a phosphoprotein primarily found in nucleolus, associates with unduplicated centrosomes and is a direct substrate of cdk2-cyclin e in centrosome duplication." SIGNOR-216674 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 YRYPRPAsVPPSPSL 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 14593110 t lperfetto "Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3) phosphorylates four serine residues in the cooh terminus of glycogen synthase. Phosphorylation of one of these residues, ser640 (site 3a), causes strong inactivation of glycogen synthase" SIGNOR-235793 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Gsk3b phosphorylates tau at t231tau phosphorylation at t231, s235 and s262 also contributes to the dissociation of tau from microtubules" SIGNOR-171046 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 10090 BTO:0000944 15367694 t "Protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates insulin's metabolic signaling pathway by inhibiting Akt (protein kinase B) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" SIGNOR-252606 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259010 GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT TBC1D25 protein Q3MII6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21383079 t gcesareni "In this study, we report evidence demonstrating that oatl1, a putative rab guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (gap), is a novel binding partner of atg8 homologues in mammalian cells. Oatl1 is recruited to isolation membranes and autophagosomes through direct interaction with atg8 homologues and is involved in the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes through its gap activity." SIGNOR-172536 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 DTRQIQPsPPWSYDQ 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" lperfetto "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-244703 PPP1R3C protein Q9UQK1 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000759 36551183 t miannu "In the liver, PTG and PPP1R3B(GL)are expressed at roughly equivalent levels [55], and they jointly promote hepatic glycogen mobilization and storage. PTG overexpression significantly increased glycogen content, mainly due to its ability to promote the redistribution of PP1 and glycogen synthase to glycogen granules, significantly increasing GS activity and glycogen synthesis (Figure 2)" SIGNOR-271735 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr360 YSPRSFEdCGGGYTP 9606 9467953 t Manara "Thus, we propose that the phosphorylation of tyrosine 328 and 360 within Bcr by Bcr-Abl will drastically interfere with Bcr's kinase role in either signal transduction or some other cellular mechanism." SIGNOR-260828 WNT6 protein Q9Y6F9 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 9753670 f gcesareni "In explant cultures of mouse paraxial mesoderm, wnt1 induced expression of the mrf myf5, whereas wnt7a or wnt6 preferentially activated the mrf myod. Wnt4, wnt5a and wnt6 exert an intermediate effect activating both myf5 and myod equivalently in paraxial mesoderm." SIGNOR-60418 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 19029990 f lperfetto "STAT1 binds as a homodimer to cis elements known as gammaactivated sequences in the promoters of the genes encoding NOS2, the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) and IL-12, among others." SIGNOR-249498 U0126 chemical CHEBI:90693 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11160424 t gcesareni "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity. u0126 was found to functionally antagonize ap-1 transcriptional activity via noncompetitive the dual specificity kinase mek with an ic50 of 0.07 microm for mek 1 and 0.06 microm for mek 2." SIGNOR-104939 CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT RAPGEF1 protein Q13905 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7806500 t gcesareni "The endogenous c3g could be coprecipitated with crk from cell lysates of cells expressing high levels of c-crk or v-crk, suggesting high binding affinity and a possible interaction in vivo." SIGNOR-33732 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16431920 f fspada "These data suggest that c/ebp beta activates a single unified pathway of adipogenesis involving its stimulation of ppargamma expression, which then activates c/ebp alpha expression by dislodging hdac1 from the promoter for degradation in the proteasome" SIGNOR-143955 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser58 SRGGARAsPATQPPP 9606 12478298 t lperfetto "In support of this assumption, purified gst_sam68 protein was phosphorylated by recombinant erk2we found that sam68 mutated in ser 58, thr 71 and thr 84 showed the same extent of impairment in induced exon inclusion as did sam68 mutated in all s/tp sites" SIGNOR-96410 doramapimod chemical CHEBI:40953 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190332 PI-103 chemical CHEBI:90524 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206166 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR EIF4G1 protein Q04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" stabilization 9606 17581632 t lperfetto "EIF3 plays many functions in initiation complex formation. It interacts with eIF1, eIF5, eIF4B and eIF4G, and the direct interaction between eIF3 and eIF4G may serve as a bridge between the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF4F-bound mRNA (Hershey and Merrick, 2000). eIF3 stabilizes the binding of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex to the 40S subunit" SIGNOR-269155 CECR2 protein Q9BXF3 UNIPROT CERF complex SIGNOR-C340 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 15640247 t miannu "Biochemical isolation of CECR2 revealed the presence of this protein as a component of a novel heterodimeric complex termed CECR2-containing remodeling factor (CERF). CERF comprises CECR2 and the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SNF2L, a mammalian ISWI ortholog expressed predominantly in the central nervous system. CERF is capable of remodeling chromatin in vitro and displays an ATP hydrolyzing activity that is stimulated by nucleosomes. Together, these data identify a novel chromatin remodeling complex with a critical role in neurulation." SIGNOR-263891 PPP2R5D protein Q14738 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16239230 t gcesareni "... the PP2A holoenzymes ABC and ABC act downstream of Ras and upstream of MEK1 to promote activation of this MAPK signaling cascade. Furthermore both PP2A holoenzymes were found to associate with Raf1 and catalyze dephosphorylation of inhibitory phospho-Ser-259." SIGNOR-243420 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser348 EAVTSKTsNIRANFE 9606 BTO:0000150 19038333 t lperfetto "Here we have investigated the possible role of pkd as a cortactin kinase. Using a mass spectrometric approach, we found that pkd phosphorylates cortactin on ser 298 examination of cortactin phosphorylation kinetics revealed that ser 298 serves as a priming site for subsequent phosphorylation of ser 348" SIGNOR-182502 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr774 SENEDDGyDVPKPPV 10090 BTO:0000944 11997497 t "Insulin receptor phosphorylates Cbl on tyrosines 371, 700, and 774 in the presence of APS. This phosphorylation event is required for the recruitment of Crk to the CAP/Cbl complex and for the subsequent activation of GLUT4 translocation." SIGNOR-251306 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT SMN1 protein Q16637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23615451 t miannu "In this study, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, mind bomb 1 (Mib1), interacts with and ubiquitinates SMN and facilitates its degradation. Knocking down Mib1 levels increases SMN protein levels in cultured cells. " SIGNOR-272664 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 TQSKPVSsPFPTKPL 9606 19767751 t llicata "Erk phosphorylates nup50 at ser221 and ser315 phosphorylation of nup50 reduces affinity for importin-beta" SIGNOR-263043 TRIM13 protein O60858 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21333377 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of RFP2 in cells induced apoptosis through proteasomal degradation of MDM2 and AKT.  We observed that RFP2 formed a complex with MDM2, a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, and AKT, a regulator of apoptosis inhibition at the cellular level. Additionally, we found that the interaction of RFP2 with MDM2 and AKT resulted in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of MDM2 and AKT in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-271853 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT PCSK9 protein Q8NBP7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17921436 t miannu "Expression of nuclear forms of sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and SREBP-2 dramatically increased the promoter activity of PCSK9." SIGNOR-255222 CH5132799 chemical CID:49784945 PUBCHEM PIK3C2B protein O00750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190940 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr509 PVFDLTTtPKGGTPA 10116 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-146011 TRIB3 protein Q96RU7 UNIPROT ACACB protein O00763 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16794074 t miannu "TRB3 appears to inhibit ACC activity by functioning as an adaptor for COP1.  Taken together, these results suggest that TRB3 may promote loss of fat by mediating the COP1-dependent ubiquitination and inactivation of ACC. Taking these results together, we propose that TRB3 may protect against diet-induced obesity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation in adipose during fasting through the COP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ACC (Fig. 4D)." SIGNOR-271601 "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257713 COX5A protein P20674 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267751 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000848;BTO:0000527 10564661 t gcesareni "Su(fu) is a negative regulator of shh that interacts with all three gli proteins to retain them in the cytosol." SIGNOR-72308 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 15546612 t gcesareni "Cycc:cdk8 and cyct1:cdk9/p-tefb are recruited with notch and associated coactivators (mam, skip) to the hes1 promoter in signaling cells." SIGNOR-130718 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser302 APGSGPSsPNNSSGS 9606 21118993 t lperfetto "The double mutation of serines 298/302 into alanines, but also the sole mutation of serine 302, abolishes hdac4 phosphorylation by gsk3_we have shown that cells lacking gsk3_ are unable to degrade hdac4 after serum starvation" SIGNOR-170148 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VCL protein P18206 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1113 VREAEAAsIKIRTDA -1 11741957 t lperfetto "PKC Phosphorylates Serines 1033 and 1045 in Helix H5" SIGNOR-249129 RXRG protein P48443 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 31390799 f SimoneGraziosi "RXRγ gene silencing reduces the ability of the drugs to promote MBP expression." SIGNOR-269266 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 11099498 t "These findings indicate that both G alpha(i) and G beta gamma stimulate Rac and Cdc42 pathways with lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell spreading on fibronectin" SIGNOR-256530 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23119004 t lperfetto "Binding of IGF to IGF-1R activates PI3K to generate PIP3 which in turn recruits and activates proteins that contain a pleckstrin homology ph) domain, including AKT and PDK1." SIGNOR-236509 KEL protein P23276 UNIPROT EDN3 protein P14138 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Trp117 YCHLDIIwINTPEQT -1 10438732 t miannu "These data demonstrate that the Kell blood group protein is a proteolytic enzyme that processes big ET-3, generating ET-3, a potent bioactive peptide with multiple biological roles." SIGNOR-256354 Dinaciclib chemical CID:46926350 PUBCHEM CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191325 ITGA2B protein P08514 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253197 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr57 LSSTPLStPCSSVPS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159470 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9867871 t miannu "The human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1) proximal promoter is regulated by Sp1, Egr-1, and WT1 via non-canonical binding sites. Egr-1 and two splicing variants of the Egr-related protein WT1 were able to transactivate the SOD1 promoter in co-transfection experiments." SIGNOR-253898 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12055200 t fspada "Inhibition of adipogenesis by wnt10b is likely mediated by‚ wnt‚ receptors, frizzled 1, 2, and/or 5, and co-receptors low density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 8" SIGNOR-210164 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-81137 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131900 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 9606 BTO:0000887 11114197 t gcesareni "Camk phosphorylates serines -259 and -498 in hdac5, which subsequently serve as docking sites for 14-3-3. Our studies suggest that 14-3-3 binding to hdac5 is required for camk-dependent disruption of mef2hdac complexes and nuclear export of hdac5, and implicate 14-3-3 as a signal-dependent regulator of muscle cell differentiation." SIGNOR-85018 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT GOLPH3 protein Q9H4A6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr148 KETQPPEtVQNWIEL -1 BTO:0000567 24485452 t "In response to DNA damage, DNA-PK phosphorylates GOLPH3, resulting in increased interaction with MYO18A, which applies a tensile force to the Golgi. Interference with the Golgi DNA damage response by depletion of DNA-PK, GOLPH3, or MYO18A reduces survival after DNA damage, whereas overexpression of GOLPH3, as is observed frequently in human cancers, confers resistance to killing by DNA-damaging agents" SIGNOR-253558 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 9600099 t llicata "In this study, we demonstrate that HPTP1B are multiple phosphorylated on threonine and tyrosine as well as serine near its N-terminus by CKII and p60c-src in vitro." SIGNOR-250941 SMAD5/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C205 SIGNOR RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 11073979 f ggiuliani "As shown in Fig. 8A, overexpression of Smad5 by itself induced Runx2 expression even in the absence of BMP-2 (lane 5). Western blot analysis also confirmed the induced level of Runx2 protein in C2C12-Sm5 cells (Fig. 8B)" SIGNOR-255783 "(4S)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid O5-[3-(4,4-diphenyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl] ester O3-methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:103931 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258465 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1132 TLPHGPRsASVSSIS 9534 BTO:0004055 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-244580 LTBP2 protein Q14767 UNIPROT FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000452 19681046 t Regulation miannu "LTBP-2 interacts with fibrillin-1. The association of LTBP-2 with the ECM always coincided with that of fibrillin-1, and in fibroblast cultures the appearance of fibrillar fibrillin-1 structures preceded the assembly of LTBP-2 network." SIGNOR-251891 CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT cortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:17650 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000050 9814482 t lperfetto "Recombinant CYP11B genes encode enzymes that can catalyze conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol, 18-hydroxycortisol, and 18-oxocortisol." SIGNOR-268676 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9600 BTO:0000567 26652733 t "inferred from family member" "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-270258 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257991 torkinib chemical CHEBI:90679 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258269 COLGALT2 protein Q8IYK4 UNIPROT COL3A1 protein P02461 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation -1 19075007 t "Recombinant GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 enzymes showed a strong galactosyltransferase activity toward various types of collagen and toward the serum mannose-binding lectin MBL, which contains a collagen domain. Amino acid analysis of the products of GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 reactions confirmed the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine residues." SIGNOR-261158 "dasatinib (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:49375 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258103 HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12855565 f gcesareni "These data demonstrate that hsp27 inhibits the release of smac" SIGNOR-103539 ELAVL4 protein P26378 UNIPROT ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19221430 t miannu "Neuronal ELAV (nELAV) proteins are RNA-binding proteins which play a physiological role in controlling gene expression in memory formation, and their alteration may contribute to cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The experiments show for the first time that ADAM10mRNA represents a nELAV target and that these RNA-binding proteins can play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of ADAM10 expression. nELAV proteins specifically bind the ADAM10 mRNA and this binding is disrupted following Aβ exposure" SIGNOR-266865 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr132 QLIIEDPyYGNDSDF 9534 BTO:0004055 9038134 t "In co-transfected COS cells, Lck and Fyn caused phosphorylation of LMPTP. Most of the phosphate was located at Tyr-131, and some was also located at Tyr-132. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that Tyr-131 is important for the catalytic activity of LMPTP, and that thiophosphorylation of Tyr-131, and to a lesser degree Tyr-132, is responsible for the activation." SIGNOR-251366 EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT SYNJ1 protein O43426 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 15821731 t lperfetto "Ephb2 causes tyrosine phosphorylation in the proline-rich domain of synaptojanin 1, and inhibits both the interaction with endophilin and the 5'-phosphatase activity of synaptojanin 1" SIGNOR-135274 NHS protein Q6T4R5 UNIPROT "WRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C191 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20332100 t miannu "Excessive cell spreading and lamellipod extension as a result of NHS knockdown is likely to be a result of loss of WAVE complex regulation, leading to overactive WAVE activity or a dysregulation of nascent focal adhesions in lamellipodia.WAVE and NHS protein partners Abi1 and HSPC300, and the p34 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex, consistently localized at the edges of cells treated with NHS siRNA, independent of EGF stimulation and WAVE complex activation. These data show that localization of Abi1 and HSPC300 was altered in the absence of NHS." SIGNOR-253577 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11242034 t gcesareni "Mapkk6 was shown to phosphorylate and specifically activate the p38/mpk2 sub of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily." SIGNOR-105698 imatinib chemical CHEBI:45783 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;VIRAL ABL" gcesareni SIGNOR-193372 STX10 protein O60499 UNIPROT "LE-TGN SNARE" complex SIGNOR-C157 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18195106 t lperfetto "We show in human cells that a soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex comprised of syntaxin 10 (STX10), STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3 is required for this MPR transport" SIGNOR-253080 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000011 19593385 t lperfetto "In examining the requirements for different Akt-mediated phosphorylation sites on TSC2, we find that only TSC2 mutants lacking all five previously identified Akt sites fully block insulin-stimulated mTORC1 signaling in reconstituted Tsc2 null cells, and this mutant also inhibits adipogenesis" SIGNOR-235852 BACH2 protein Q9BYV9 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005014 24821775 f miannu "Expression and activity of the UPR downstream effector XBP1 is regulated positively by STAT5 and negatively by the B-cell-specific transcriptional repressors BACH2 and BCL6." SIGNOR-253756 BMP10 protein O95393 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000562 16049014 t acerquone "We showed that three orphan ligands known to be important for joint and cartilage formation (gdf6) (10), interneuron, sensory neurons, and seminal vesicle formation (gdf7) (11_13), and heart development (bmp10) (14) used the type i receptors alk3 or alk6 and the type ii receptors bmprii or actriia to activate the smad1/5/8 proteins." SIGNOR-139052 dapagliflozin chemical CHEBI:85078 ChEBI SLC5A2 protein P31639 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191289 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT EPRS1 protein P07814 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser886 LSQSSDSsPTRNSEP 9606 BTO:0000801 21220307 t lperfetto "Ser(886) phosphorylation is required for the interaction of nsap1, which blocks eprs binding to target mrnas. The same phosphorylation event induces subsequent binding of ribosomal protein l13a and gapdh and restores mrna binding. Ifn-_ activates cdk5 to phosphorylate ser(886) in the linker domain of glutamyl-prolyl trna synthetase (eprs), the initial event in assembly of the gait complex. Cdk5/p35 also induces, albeit indirectly via a distinct kinase, phosphorylation of ser(999), the second essential event in gait pathway activation" SIGNOR-171138 COL4A1 protein P02462 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253242 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-183644 CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252288 F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR Dendritic_spine_morphogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH183 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14684878 f miannu "Dendritic spines are small protrusions found on dendrites of principal neurons of mammalian brain. Serving as postsynaptic compartments for individual excitatory inputs, spines show rapid movements and shape changes that are influenced by synaptic activity. The structural modifications of spines are believed to represent morphological correlates of synaptic plasticity. The form and motility of spines are determined mainly by the actin cytoskeleton" SIGNOR-266597 AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys62 CAVPIAQkSEPHSLS 9606 BTO:0002552 31732561 t lperfetto "AREL1 ubiquitinated SMAC, primarily on Lys62 and Lys191 |E701A substitution in the AREL1 HECT domain substantially increased its autopolyubiquitination and SMAC ubiquitination activity, whereas deletion of the last three amino acids at the C terminus completely abrogated AREL1 autoubiquitination and reduced SMAC ubiquitination." SIGNOR-267673 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 11494128 t lperfetto "Two-hybrid screens identified regions of abl and arg that bind to the ephb2 and epha4 receptors, suggesting a novel signaling connection involving the two kinase families.The connection between EphB2 and Abl/Arg appears to be reciprocal. Activated EphB2 causes tyrosine phosphorylation of Abl and Arg, and vice versa. Interestingly, treatment of COS cells and B35 neuronal-like cells with ephrin-B1 to activate endogenous EphB2 decreased the kinase activity of endogenous Abl." SIGNOR-109668 "2-cyclopentyl-4-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid" chemical CHEBI:95066 ChEBI SGK2 protein Q9HBY8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18794135 t lperfetto "GSK650394 quantitatively inhibits the activity of SGK1 and SGK2 in a scintillation proximity assay." SIGNOR-262018 CHD4 protein Q14839 UNIPROT ChAHP complex SIGNOR-C407 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0002896 29795351 t miannu "Here we show that ADNP interacts with the chromatin remodeller CHD4 and the chromatin architectural protein HP1 to form a stable complex, which we refer to as ChAHP. Besides mediating complex assembly, ADNP recognizes DNA motifs that specify binding of ChAHP to euchromatin. In conclusion, CHD4, ADNP and HP1β/γ form a stable protein complex, which we refer to as ChAHP." SIGNOR-266752 RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001545 26607380 t miannu "Large-scale AML genome re-sequencing efforts have identified novel recurrently mutated genes, including the members of the cohesin complex (RAD21, SMC3, SMC1A, and STAG2), implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease.Using ATAC-seq, we determined that mutant cohesin lead to a state of elevated chromatin accessibility and higher predicted binding at transcription factor binding sites for ERG, GATA2, and RUNX1. Moreover, using ChIP-Seq, we formally demonstrated increased binding of GATA2 and RUNX1 to these sites. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of these three TFs in human HSPC can revert the differentiation block induced by mutant cohesin. These results support a model in which mutant cohesin impairs hematopoietic differentiation and enforces stem cell programs through the modulation of ERG, GATA2, and RUNX1 chromatin accessibility, expression, and activity." SIGNOR-261513 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT SFTPD protein P35247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001910 11912209 t "Cotransfection of C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta, or C/EBPdelta cDNA in H441 lung adenocarcinoma cells significantly increased the luciferase activity of a wild-type SP-D promoter construct containing 698 bp of upstream sequence (SS698). Transfection of C/EBP also increased the level of endogenous SP-D mRNA in H441 cells| Thus, interactions among C/EBP elements in the near-distal promoter can modulate the promoter activity of SP-D." SIGNOR-254045 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 17317136 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-153399 MED4 protein Q9NPJ6 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266675 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation -1 24157836 t miannu "FBXL5 is located in the nucleus where it interacts with Snail1 promoting its polyubiquitination and affecting Snail1 protein stability and function by impairing DNA binding. Snail1 is ubiquitinated by the SCFFBXL5 complex. Snail1 downregulation by FBXL5 is prevented by Lats2, a protein kinase that phosphorylates Snail1 precluding its nuclear export but not its polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-272138 "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 f miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270728 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1738 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120028 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270993 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr175 KSGELLAtWCGSPPY 9606 14976552 t llicata "A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold." SIGNOR-122788 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 28363951 t lperfetto "This calciotropic hormone exerts its actions via binding to the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PTH1R), which couples to multiple heterotrimeric G proteins, including Gs and Gq/11." SIGNOR-270551 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT TBXAS1 protein P24557 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14586398 f miannu "We demonstrate that p53 and ets-1 coregulate TXSA in an antagonistic and inter-related manner, with ets-1 being a potent transcriptional activator and p53 inhibiting ets-1-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-254086 HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257041 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TICAM2 protein Q86XR7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 NSCPLSLsWGKRHSV 9606 16757566 t llicata "Here we show that tram is transiently phosphorylated by pkcepsilon on serine-16 our study provides a possible target for these molecules in lps signaling. Dag may activate pkc?, Leading to the phosphorylation and activation of tram." SIGNOR-146991 DEAF1 protein O75398 UNIPROT HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 29636529 t Gianni "The human 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) rs6295 risk allele prevents Deaf1 binding to HTR1A, resulting in increased 5-HT1A autoreceptor transcription" SIGNOR-269064 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr703 DHAEAALyKNLLHSK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254709 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 24166242 t lperfetto "Pro-IL-1beta, mIL-1beta and mIL-beta all bind to IL-1RI, which recruits the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) as a co-receptor." SIGNOR-249511 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 17300219 t gcesareni "The n-terminal domain of maml1 directly interacts with both p300 and histones, and the p300-maml1 complex specifically acetylates histone h3 and h4 tails in chromatin." SIGNOR-265362 EIF2B3 protein Q9NR50 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269141 USP7 protein Q93009 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination 9606 16082221 t gcesareni "Subsequently, hausp was shown to deubiquitinate mdm2 and mdmx, thereby stabilizing these proteins." SIGNOR-139450 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10490659 t "JNK bound to an NH2-terminal reagion of JIP1 (residues 283 to 660)" gcesareni "These experiments demonstrated that 10 different jnk isoforms bound to both jip proteins." SIGNOR-70854 INTS4 protein Q96HW7 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261467 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14657019 t gcesareni "Here, we show that axin activates tgf-beta signaling by forming a multimeric complex consisting of smad7 and ubiquitin e3 ligase arkadia. Axin is a scaffold protein in tgf-beta signaling that promotes degradation of smad7 by arkadia." SIGNOR-119660 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser206 SSSTYPHsPTSSDPG 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161573 CLN8 protein Q9UBY8 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30453012 t miannu "CLN8 interacts with ceramide binding proteins PP2A and I2PP2A. We showed that the phosphorylation levels of several substrates of PP2A, namely Akt, S6 kinase, and GSK3β, were decreased in CLN8 disease patient fibroblasts. This reduction can be reversed by inhibiting PP2A phosphatase activity with cantharidin, suggesting a higher PP2A activity in CLN8-deficient cells. The phosphorylation levels of PP2A substrates are decreased in the absence of CLN8." SIGNOR-265583 EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr588 QLKPLKTyVDPHTYE 9606 18387945 t lperfetto "The binding of ephrin ligands to eph receptors induces the transphosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domains and initiates kinase activity.Taken together, these results suggest that tyr587, tyr593, tyr771, and tyr734 are likely to be autophospho-rylated in vascular endothelial cells." SIGNOR-178169 anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one chemical CHEBI:90695 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21159646 t gcesareni "In comparison, in the same assay conditions, the previously reported mps1 inhibitor sp600125 (13) was 10-fold less potent than nms-p715 on mps1 and, in addition, it was highly unspecific, being more active on at least 12 kinases including mitotic kinases with ic50 values well below 1 ?mol/l" SIGNOR-170614 PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t miannu "Myod targets brg1 to the myogenin promoter during the initiation of myogenesis in tissue culture models for skeletal muscle differentiation /initiation of myogenin transcription is dependent upon myod, the pbx homeodomain factor, and swi/snf chromatin-remodeling enzymes" SIGNOR-151700 succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 27487822 t miannu "In the citric acid cycle, succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only step that provides substrate-level phosphorylation: succinyl-CoA + NDP + Pi = succinate + CoA + NTP, where N is adenosine or guanosine and the reaction requires magnesium ions." SIGNOR-266265 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT PACSIN1 protein Q9BY11 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 SQAGDRGsVSSYDRG -1 22371566 t miannu "We identified two novel Pak5 substrates, Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1, proteins that directly interact with one another to regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling. Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1 were phosphorylated by Pak5 and the other group II Paks in vitro, and Pak5 phosphorylation promoted Pacsin1-Synaptojanin1 binding both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-263023 metaproterenol chemical CHEBI:6792 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257873 TAOK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF21 SIGNOR STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t milica "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2." SIGNOR-230713 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 BTO:0000887 SIGNOR-C6 10944526 t gcesareni "Our results provide direct evidence that myod acetylation functionally activates the protein and show that both pcaf and cbp/p300 are candidate enzymes for myod acetylation in vivo." SIGNOR-81050 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 10725744 f lperfetto "Vav synergizes with protein kinase c theta to mediate il-4 gene expression in response to cd28 costimulation in t cells" SIGNOR-75827 ivacaftor chemical CHEBI:66901 ChEBI CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck;potentiator gcesareni SIGNOR-193495 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10898795 t miannu "BCoR can interact w Because HDACs appear to be involved in repression by an increasing number of transcriptional repressors, we tested whether BCoR can associate with HDACs. BCoR can interact with HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC-B/5 more strongly than with HDAC-A/4, HDAC-C, HDAC-D, and HDAC-E." SIGNOR-252237 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CEP55 protein Q53EZ4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 KVAASPKsPTAALNE 9606 16198290 t lperfetto "Upon mitotic entry, centrosome dissociation of cep55 is triggered by erk2/cdk1-dependent phosphorylation at s425 and s428. S425/428 phosphorylation is required for interaction with plk1, enabling phosphorylation of cep55 at s436. enabling it to relocate to the midbody to function in mitotic exit and cytokinesis." SIGNOR-140886 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 TDNLLPMsPEEFDEV 9606 17502367 t gcesareni "All stats are phosphorylated on at least one serine residue in their tad specifically, ser727 in stats 1 and 3 and ser721 in stat4. Stat serine kinases have been identified through the use of inhibitors, dominant-negative alleles, and in vitro kinase assays. They include mapk (p38mapk: stats 1, 3, 4;erk: stat3, 5;jnk: stat3), pkc_ (stat1, stat3), mtor (stat3), nlk (stat3 (42)), and camkii and ikk_ (stat1 (39, 40, 43)).STAT Serine phosphorylation regulates transcriptional activity (see below)." SIGNOR-154791 PF-03814735 chemical CID:49830590 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205950 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA11 protein Q9Y5H2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265712 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254852 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21164265 t lperfetto "We recently reported that the basic helix-loop- helix transcription factor Clock, which is a histone acetyltransferase and a central component of the self-oscillating transcription factor loop that generates circadian rhythms, represses GR transcriptional activity by acetylating lysine residues within the 'lysine cluster' located in the hinge region of the receptor. This Clock-mediated repression of GR transcriptional activity oscillates in inverse phase to the HPA axis, acting as a target tissue counter-regulatory mechanism to the diurnally fluctuating circulating glucocorticoids." SIGNOR-253699 SLC24A5 protein Q71RS6 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264398 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258001 TICAM2 protein Q86XR7 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 14519765 t lperfetto "Tram binds trif directly and recruits it to tlr4" SIGNOR-118367 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9463381 t amattioni "Bcl-xl bind to bax or five other pro-apoptotic relatives (bak, bad, bik, bid or bim)" SIGNOR-55549 BAG3 protein O95817 UNIPROT SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30910998 f Monia "Ectopic BAG3 expression decreases the interaction between GLS and SIRT5. we demonstrated that BAG3 overexpression decreased SIRT5 expression in HepG2 cells (Fig. 5d)." SIGNOR-261205 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser552 QDTQRRTsMGGTQQQ 9606 16476742 t lperfetto "In the present study, we have shown that (i) beta-catenin can be phosphorylated by protein kinase a (pka) in vitro and in intact cells at two novel sites, ser-552 and ser-675;(ii) phosphorylation by pka promotes the transcriptional activity (tcf/lef transactivation) of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-144478 NSMCE3 protein Q96MG7 UNIPROT NSMCE1 protein Q8WV22 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20864041 t miannu "MAGE-G1 enhances NSE1 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro." SIGNOR-265489 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 9209406 t gcesareni "Recently, we have shown that the proto-oncogene vav product (vav) is also tyrosine-phosphorylated by treatment with gm-csf and epo and is constitutively associated with the sh3 domain of grb2/ash in ut-7." SIGNOR-49362 ARHGEF9 protein O43307 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260534 ANO6 protein Q4KMQ2 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 24663380 f miannu "Using a shRNA KD approach, we show that Ano6-KD C2C12 myoblasts exhibit reduced proliferation capacity. Our data demonstrate that Ano6 is required to maintain the proliferative status of myoblasts." SIGNOR-261213 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 18521620 t gcesareni "Our data additionally identify the cdk1 site s252 as critical for the recruitment of plk1 to hbora. collectively, our findings lead us to propose that hbora contributes to integrate the functions of three major mitotic kinases, cdk1, plk1, and aurora a." SIGNOR-178799 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-200030 CCL5 protein P13501 UNIPROT CCR3 protein P51677 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10734056 t "In addition to the CCR1 receptor, RANTES activates several members of the CC subfamily of chemokine receptors including CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5" SIGNOR-254370 ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser375 ARVLRSKsLCHDEIE 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 15150265 t lperfetto "P38 binds and phosphorylates cdc25-b and -c at serines 309 and 361 and at serine 216, respectively, and phosphorylation of these residues is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteinsphosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-124847 HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT AHSP protein Q9NZD4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 2545495 f Regulation miannu "EDRF is rapidly inactivated by hemoglobin and superoxide." SIGNOR-251751 LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT LPR5/6 complex SIGNOR-C219 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27821587 t miannu "Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) are co-receptors for Wnt ligands." SIGNOR-256175 SSTR2 protein P30874 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256827 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT LIMA1 protein Q9UHB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser362 PVHPKPLsPDSRASS 9606 BTO:0001033 23188829 t miannu "Mechanistic study revealed that EGF could activate the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of EPLIN through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-dependent signaling cascade. Pharmacological inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway effectively antagonized EGF-induced EPLIN degradation. Two serine residues, i.e. serine 362 and serine 604, were identified as putative ERK1/2 phosphorylation sites in human EPLIN, whose point mutation rendered resistance to EGF-induced protein turnover." SIGNOR-263054 TYSND1 protein Q2T9J0 UNIPROT SCP2 protein P22307 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 17255948 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Tysnd1, a previously uncharacterized protein, is responsible both for the removal of the leader peptide from PTS2 proteins and for the specific processing of PTS1 proteins. All of the identified Tysnd1 substrates catalyze peroxisomal β-oxidation. In vitro cleavage of Acox1, Scp2 and prethiolase by recombinant Tysnd1." SIGNOR-261055 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr433 KIPQDGDyEFLKSWT 10116 21715626 t Manara "In the present study, we demonstrate that the protein kinase c-Abl phosphorylates MST1 at Y433, which triggers the stabilization and activation of MST1." SIGNOR-260927 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t "Both isoforms [GOT! AND GOT2] catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate." SIGNOR-266922 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT PACSIN1 protein Q9BY11 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 SQAGDRGsVSSYDRG -1 22371566 t miannu "We identified two novel Pak5 substrates, Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1, proteins that directly interact with one another to regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling. Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1 were phosphorylated by Pak5 and the other group II Paks in vitro, and Pak5 phosphorylation promoted Pacsin1-Synaptojanin1 binding both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-263025 MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 DTATKSGsTTKNRFV 9606 17724079 t lperfetto "Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin induces phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent and mnk-mediated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e phosphorylation.Therefore, eif4e is considered a survival protein involved in cell cycle progression, cell transformation, and apoptotic resistance. Phosphorylation of eif4e (usually at ser209) increases its binding affinity for the cap of mrna and may also favor its entry into initiation complexes." SIGNOR-157533 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT Chemoattraction_of_axon phenotype SIGNOR-PH197 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15363394 f miannu "In this study, we have identified CaMKII and CaN-PP1 as the downstream effectors of localized Ca2+ signals in mediating attractive and repulsive turning responses of growth cones, respectively. Local Ca2+ elevation activates CaMKII and CaN-PP1 for attraction and repulsion, respectively." SIGNOR-268385 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257669 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ANXA2 protein P07355 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser26 TPPSAYGsVKAYTNF 9606 BTO:0000452 2946940 t lperfetto "The protein-tyrosine kinase substrate p36 is also a substrate for protein kinase C in vitro and in vivo. | We present evidence suggesting that protein kinase C mediates phosphorylation of serine 25." SIGNOR-248892 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 KELEKRAsGQAFELI 9606 7925472 t gcesareni "Serine 16 of oncoprotein 18 is a major cytosolic target for the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase-gr." SIGNOR-34743 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002268 23370391 t miannu "The SCF complex contains a catalytic core consisting of Skp1, Cullin1, and the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating (Ubc) enzyme and a F box component that acts as a receptor targeting numerous substrates via phosphodegron elicited interactions. our screening studies suggested that FBXL2 also targets Aurora B protein for ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-272098 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CPS1 protein P31327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002553 28538732 f Luana "In KL cells, pharmacological activation of AMPK or expression of constitutively active AMPK reduced CPS1 mRNA and protein, and silencing AMPK increased CPS1 expression even in the presence of LKB1" SIGNOR-267920 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 11823423 t "Cbl binds directly to Tyr1045 receptors" gcesareni "Consistent with a negative role for c-Cbl, here we report that defective Tyr1045 of EGFR, an inducible c-Cbl docking site, enhances the mitogenic response to EGF" SIGNOR-114701 3-[(2-Bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-butyl-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-4-one chemical CID:44436444 PUBCHEM ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001239 17888667 t Luana "AChE inhibitory activity study was carried out by using Ellman colorimetric assay with neostigmine as a reference standard against targets from different species, such as pure electric eel AChE, human serum AChE, and rat brain AChE. Among the compounds synthesized, compounds 5a, 5b, 5j showed good inhibition against AChE." SIGNOR-257760 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:29170 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269480 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000975 10194762 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Serine 780 is the only substrate in full-length stat5a for active erk" SIGNOR-270136 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000568 16890161 t gcesareni "Here, we present evidence that lrp6 is internalized with caveolin and that the components of this endocytic pathway are required not only for wnt-3a-induced internalization of lrp6 but also for accumulation of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-148671 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser142 RKILNDLsSDAPGVP 9606 BTO:0000938 11970864 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of creb1 at ser142 and ser143 is selectively activated by ca(2+) influx;phosphorylation of ser142 and ser143, disrupts the interaction of creb with its cofactor cbp. Phosphorylation of serine 142 in creb by camkii leads to dissociation of the creb dimer." SIGNOR-117344 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser813 DIYSRRLsQETGLEI 9606 10581361 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of cf-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by pka and pkgcftr possesses a large cluster of strict dibasic consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase a (pka) in the r-domain and an obligatory dependence on phosphorylation is a hallmark of cftr cl(-) channel function" SIGNOR-72728 WNT10A protein Q9GZT5 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21872687 f fspada "We show that knockdown of Beta-catenin completely prevents the inhibition of adipogenesis and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation by wnt6, wnt10a or wnt10b" SIGNOR-176187 G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25520508 f miannu "Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a stress granule-resident protein that nucleates stress granule assembly and is also inactivated or coopted by many viruses to promote productive infection" SIGNOR-260747 ACO1 protein P21399 UNIPROT D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Citrate is converted to cis-aconitate. This is catalyzed by aconitase. Cis-aconitate is an intermediate and is further converted to isocitrate by aconitase. Aconitase is involved in both reactions. In which first dehydration and then rehydration occur and as a result final product isocitrate is obtained." SIGNOR-266245 TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253857 GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 17213822 f miannu "Our results suggest that the interaction between ETS1 and GFI1 facilitates their binding to specific sites on the Bax promoter and represses Bax expression in vivo." SIGNOR-254203 "125-L-serine-2-133-interleukin 2 (human reduced)" smallmolecule SID:46508054 ChEBI IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18031103 t miannu "Aldesleukin (recombinant IL-2) has similar pharmacodynamic properties to endogenous IL-2 and, when administered to patients with cancer, stimulates the antitumour immune response." SIGNOR-259390 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser613 EKKQITTsPITVRKN 9606 12372621 t lperfetto "Warts is a serine/threonine kinase and a dynamic component of the mitotic apparatus. We have found that cdc2/cyclin b forms a complex with a fraction of warts in the centrosome and phosphorylates the ser613 site of warts during mitosisit can be speculated that phosphorylation of warts by cdc2/cyclin b promotes a protein complex formation on the mitotic apparatus at early mitosis, which may be required for subsequent activation of warts kinase at the metaphase-anaphase transition." SIGNOR-216757 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PCYT1A protein P49585 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763 15788406 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Oxysterols inhibit phosphatidylcholine synthesis via erk docking and phosphorylation of ctp:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Mutagenesis of ser315 within cctalpha was both required and sufficient to confer significant resistance to 22-hc/9-cis-ra inhibition of ptdcho synthesis." SIGNOR-270151 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr116 SCDKSTQtPSPPCQA 9606 12591950 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O43521-2" gcesareni "Here, we demonstrate that jnk phosphorylates two members of the bh3-only subgroup of bcl2-related proteins (bim and bmf) that are normally sequestered by binding to dynein and myosin v motor complexes. Phosphorylation by jnk causes release from the motor complexes" SIGNOR-98396 PI-103 chemical CHEBI:90524 ChEBI PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206175 ATE1 protein O95260 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 29295953 t miannu "We showed that the molecular chaperone BiP (also known as GRP78) was short-lived under basal conditions and ER stress. The turnover of BiP was in part driven by its amino-terminal arginylation (Nt-arginylation) by the arginyltransferase ATE1, which generated an autophagic N-degron of the N-end rule pathway." SIGNOR-261345 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 "BTO:0004958; BTO:0002648" 9182762 f "Giulio Giuliani" "Indeed, we identified Osf2/Cbfa1 binding sites in the promoter of four genes expressed only (the Osteocalcin genes) or highly (Œ±1(I) collagen, Bsp, and Osteopontin) in osteoblasts. Each of these elements was able to bind Osf2/Cbfa1." SIGNOR-255408 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 phosphorylation:Thr187 NAGSVEQtPKKPGLR 10375532 t miannu "Isolated SCF(Skp2) contained an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity towards p27. Our data thus suggest that SCF(Skp2) specifically targets p27 for degradation during cell-cycle progression.Immunodepletion of components of the complex - Cul-1, Skp1, or Skp2 - from the extract abolished p27 degradation, while addition of purified SCF(Skp2) to Skp2- depleted extract restored the capacity to degrade p27. " SIGNOR-272933 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21277938 f miannu "HIC1, via its BTB/POZ domain, forms a transcriptional repressor complex with Sirt1 [8] that binds directly to Sirt1 promoter itself, repressing its transcription." SIGNOR-254419 PIK-90 chemical CID:6857685 PUBCHEM PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206229 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DMB protein P28068 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11889043 f "Promoter-specific functions of CIITA and the MHC class II enhanceosome in transcriptional activation|We compared four genes co-regulated by RFX and CIITA (HLA-DRA, HLA-DPB, HLA-DMB and Ii) and found that the enhanceosome and CIITA make variable, promoter-dependent contributions to histone acetylation and transcription apparatus recruitment." SIGNOR-254010 RGCC protein Q9H4X1 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001685 11687586 t miannu "RGC-32 was physically associated with cyclin-dependent kinase p34CDC2 and increased the kinase activity in vivo and in vitro. In addition, RGC-32 was phosphorylated by p34CDC2-cyclin B1 in vitro. Mutation of RGC-32 protein at Thr-91 prevented the p34CDC2-mediated phosphorylation and resulted in loss of p34CDC2 kinase enhancing activity." SIGNOR-262726 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20463034 t Gianni "RNAi knockdown of Spop (a substrate-binding adaptor for the cullin3-based ubiquitin E3 ligase) in Sufu mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) can restore the levels of Gli2 and Gli3 full-length proteins" SIGNOR-268861 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1068 HKNETMLsPREKIFY 9606 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104667 CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15013773 t miannu "In brain, p35 or p25 exists with and activates cdk5" SIGNOR-123387 TRIM32 protein Q13049 UNIPROT DBNDD1 protein Q9H9R9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 19349376 t miannu "TRIM32 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for dysbindin. TRIM32 targets dysbindin for degradation." SIGNOR-271422 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1497 EPGVERSsPSKCPSL 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-72064 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr489 DGPYSNPyENSLIPA 12441334 t "JAK2 in turn phosphorylates several tyrosine residues on the EpoR-cytosolic domain and probably on JAK2 itself that serve as docking sites for SH2 or protein tyrosine binding domains of downstream signal transduction proteins such as STAT5, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, and tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2" SIGNOR-251354 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GJB1 protein P08034 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser233 NPPSRKGsGFGHRLS -1 8390988 t miannu "connexin- 32 is proteolyzed by pcalpain and mcalpain. phosphorylation of connexin-32 by protein kinase C, but not by protein kinase A, efficiently prevents its proteolysis by both calpain isoforms. major phosphorylation sites: Ser233(for protein kinase A). Phosphorylation of connexin-32 by protein kinase C,but not by protein kinase A, prevents the proteolytic attack of p-calpain and m-calpain. Phosphorylation of connexin-32 by protein kinase A and protein kinase C does not prevent its proteolysis by papain, a-chymotrypsin, proteinase K, and trypsin" SIGNOR-249715 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-146885 UHRF2 protein Q96PU4 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 21952639 t miannu "We found that NIRF directly ubiquitinated cyclins D1 and E1, as evidenced by the appearance of the tail (Fig. 4B). In summary, the above findings suggest that NIRF tightly cooperates with the core cell cycle machinery and induces G1 arrest, which is accompanied by ubiquitination of cyclins D1 and E1." SIGNOR-271885 KLHL22 protein Q53GT1 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 23455478 t miannu "Here, we identify PLK1 as a target of the cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, containing the BTB adaptor KLHL22, which regulates chromosome alignment and PLK1 kinetochore localization but not PLK1 stability. In the absence of KLHL22, PLK1 accumulates on kinetochores, resulting in activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). CUL3-KLHL22 ubiquitylates Lys 492, located within the PBD, leading to PLK1 dissociation from kinetochore phosphoreceptors. " SIGNOR-272109 OSM protein P13725 UNIPROT LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0001271 1536831 t gcesareni "Oncostatin m binds the high-affinity leukemia inhibitory factor receptor" SIGNOR-19873 ST6GAL1 protein P15907 UNIPROT CD22 protein P20273 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" glycosylation Asn101 FLGDKNKnCTLSIHP -1 8702538 t lperfetto "CD22-ligand interaction is regulated by the activity of a b-galactoside a2,6- sialyltransferase that can inactivate CD22-mediated binding by sialylating the CD22 receptor itself. These observations suggest that N-linked glycosylation sites on the CD22 molecule may play a role in the regulation of CD22-mediated adhesion." SIGNOR-261741 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 16340011 t gcesareni "It is proposed that the effect of insulin to antagonize AMP-activated protein kinase activation involves a hierarchical mechanism whereby Ser 485/Ser 491 phosphorylation by protein kinase B reduces subsequent phosphorylation of Thr 172 by LKB1 and the resulting activation of AMP-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-252739 HPS5 protein Q9UPZ3 UNIPROT BLOC-2 complex SIGNOR-C252 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15030569 t lperfetto "Characterization of BLOC-2, a complex containing the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome proteins HPS3, HPS5 and HPS7" SIGNOR-260689 "CoREST-HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C105 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32101746 f miannu "The CoREST complex is one of seven families of class I histone deacetylase complexes that have specialized physiological functions but are all thought to act as repressors of gene expression. CoREST is unique within these complexes in that it removes both acetyl and methyl modifications through the activity of its demethylase (LSD1) and deacetylase (HDAC1) enzymes." SIGNOR-263861 THOC2 protein Q8NI27 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33191911 t miannu "The TREX complex is found in all eukaryotes and contains the multi-subunit THO complex, the DEXD-box RNA helicase UAP56/DDX39B (yeast Sub2), and an RNA export adapter such as ALYREF (yeast Yra1). The human THO complex comprises six subunits, THOC1, −2, –3, −5, –6, and −7, of which four have known counterparts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc): THOC1 (yeast Hpr1), −2 (yeast Tho2), −3 (yeast Tex3), and −7 (yeast Mft1) . In this study we focus on the conserved TREX complex (Heath et al., 2016; Xie and Ren, 2019): THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF, and hereafter refer to UAP56/DDX39B as UAP56." SIGNOR-268509 TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT UCP1 protein P25874 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000443 23021218 f lperfetto "TRPV4 negatively regulated the expression of PGC1α, UCP1, and cellular respiration. Additionally, it potently controlled the expression of multiple proinflammatory genes involved in the development of insulin resistance." SIGNOR-253096 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1031 ASSTDHQtPPTSPVQ 9606 24089523 t lperfetto "Histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) is well known for its ability to promote cell migrationextracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylates histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) at serine 1035 to stimulate cell migrationwe have identified two novel erk-mediated phosphorylation sites: threonine 1031 and serine 1035 in hdac6. Both sites were phosphorylated by erk1" SIGNOR-202702 RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t lperfetto "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-133237 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8649818 f lperfetto "We have found that cell cycle regulation of cyclin E transcription is mediated by E2F binding sites present in the promoter. The activity of this promoter can be regulated negatively by pRB." SIGNOR-245474 LRFN5 protein Q96NI6 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 f miannu "This study finds that all SALMs (SALMs 1–5) possess the abilityto promote neurite outgrowth and branching, as demonstrated byoverexpression and knockdown experiments." SIGNOR-264098 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 CWRKRVKsEYMRLRQ 9606 16224021 t lperfetto "Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (ezh2) is a methyltransferase that plays an important role in many biological processes through its ability to trimethylate lysine 27 in histone h3. Here, we show that akt phosphorylates ezh2 at serine 21 and suppresses its methyltransferase activity by impeding ezh2 binding to histone h3" SIGNOR-244259 GABBR2 protein O75899 UNIPROT "GABA-B receptor" complex SIGNOR-C336 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9872316 t brain lperfetto "Heterodimerization is required for the formation of a functional GABA(B) receptor.|These results indicate that, in vivo, functional brain GABA(B) receptors may be heterodimers composed of GABA(B)R1 and GABA(B)R2." SIGNOR-263743 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR ST7 protein Q9NRC1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0004297 30945288 t miannu "We found that both CUL4A and CUL4B can form an E3 complex with DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) and DDB1-CUL4-associated factor 4 (DCAF4). In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination analyses indicate that CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase specifically directs degradation of ST7 (suppression of tumorigenicity 7)." SIGNOR-272309 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT MYH10 protein P35580 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1937 RGGPISFsSSRSGRR 9606 16611744 t lperfetto "After egf stimulation, apkc_ translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (figure 3) and is therefore able to interact with myosin ii-b. apkc_ phosphorylates nmhc ii-b on ser1937, which is located on the nonhelical tailpiece, leading to filament disassembly at certain sites of the cell" SIGNOR-146100 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR KCNA1 protein Q09470 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser446 SDLSRRSsSTMSKSE 9606 BTO:0002178 23774215 t done miannu "Phosphorylation of KCNA1 at Ser446 by PKA is involved on its cytoplasmic retention" SIGNOR-273777 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr118 AGPLIVPyNLPLPGG 9606 20600357 t llicata "In this report we have identified novel tyrosine phosphorylation sites in galectin-3 as well as the kinase responsible for its phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that tyrosines at positions 79, 107 and 118 can be phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by c-abl kinase. our results demonstrate that cells expressing galectin-3 y107f variant showed reduced migration in wound healing assay ( fig. 5). This result confirms the role of galectin-3 tyrosine phosphorylation in cell motility." SIGNOR-166497 LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25526788 f miannu "LRRC4/NGL-2 can delay the cell cycle in late G1 by increasing the expression of cell cycle inhibitory molecules (p21, p27) and reducing the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CyclinD1, CDK2, CyclinE, CDK4) via the inhibition of K-Ras/c-Raf/ERK/MAPK, PI-3K/AKT/NF- κB, p70S6/PKC and STAT3, and the upregulation of the JNK2/c-Jun/mp53 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-264058 KCNC1 protein P48547 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 11506885 t miannu "Kv3 currents are activated specifically during action potential repolarization. Analysis of the Kv3 subfamily of K+ channel subunits has lead to the discovery of a new class of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels characterized by positively shifted voltage dependencies and very fast deactivation rates. These properties are adaptations that allow these channels to produce currents that can specifically enable fast repolarization of action potentials without compromising spike initiation or height" SIGNOR-265586 INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT "phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37328 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23650141 t gcesareni "PtdIns(3,4)P2 is commonly reported as a product of the SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatases 1/2 (SHIP1 and SHIP2) that dephosphorylate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the 5-position" SIGNOR-252427 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10575014 t lperfetto "Smad2/3 interacts with c-ski through its c-terminal mh2 domain in a tgf-beta-dependent mannerc-ski is incorporated in the smad dna binding complex, interferes with the interaction of smad3 with a transcriptional co-activator, p300, and in turn recruits hdac. c-ski is thus a transcriptional co-repressor that links smads to hdac in tgf-beta signaling." SIGNOR-217658 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT ACTR2 protein P61160 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16446785 t acerquone "The two ligands induce the formation of two ligand-receptor complexes, cbmp7 (blue) and ctgf-b (red), that share the type i receptor alk2" SIGNOR-144144 "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25786978 f lperfetto "First, EPCs incorporated into the neovascular region recognize the TGFBIp secreted by cells in the environment via binding to integrins a4 and a5. Second, binding of TGFBIp to integrins in EPCs induces phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules in a pathway necessary for TGFBIp-mediated angiogenic activity of EPCs. In addition, binding of TGFBIp to integrins activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway that induces expression of DLL1 and JAG1 in EPCs." SIGNOR-253285 ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18667433 t gcesareni "Wnt5a stimulation induces activation of the c-jun n-terminal kinase jnk at the wound edge in a ror2-dependent manner, and inhibiting jnk activity abrogates wnt5a-induced lamellipodia formation and mtoc reorientation" SIGNOR-179671 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr402 TEAAQLStKSRAEGR 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 12805220 t lperfetto "It was shown that thr336 and thr366 are the major autophosphorylation sites of mouse lkb1 (sapkota et al., 2002). We confirmed these data on the human orthologues thr336 and thr363. Moreover, the enhanced stoichiometry of lkb1 autophosphorylation by strad enabled us to identify two novel sites: thr185 and thr402. We show that increased lkb1 autophosphorylation of all sites correlates with the activation of its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-101852 ITGA10 protein O75578 UNIPROT "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253185 asparagine smallmolecule CHEBI:22653 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264753 2-[1-ethylsulfonyl-3-[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-pyrazolyl]-3-azetidinyl]acetonitrile chemical CHEBI:95341 ChEBI JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20363976 t Luana "INCB028050 is a selective orally bioavailable JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with nanomolar potency against JAK1 (5.9 nM) and JAK2 (5.7 nM)." SIGNOR-257833 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18098337 t lperfetto "BRAF kinase is a downstream target of KRAS and activates the MAPK pathway." SIGNOR-160043 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGTVFKAK 9606 14757045 t "Constitutively active Fyn phosphorylated Tyr15 of Cdk5. Fyn Facilitates Kinase Activity of Cdk5 Via Tyr15 Phosphorylation" SIGNOR-251156 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ORC1 protein Q13415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser273 VAFSEITsPSKRSQP 9606 11931757 t lperfetto "Horc1p contains three (s/t)px(k/r) consensus sites for cdk phosphorylation (ser258, ser273, and thr375). These data combined strongly suggest that skp2 promotes horc1p turnover and that the n-terminal domain of horc1p, containing most of the phosphorylation sites and overlapping with one of the skp2-interacting domains, is a regulatory element for horc1p stability." SIGNOR-116325 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser289 PPQDQESsPIENDSS 9606 BTO:0000776 7678037 t llicata "These data suggest taht CKII can phosphorylate more than one site on CD20 molecule. | Taken together, this data shown that insulin can increase serine/ threonine phosphorylation and may stimulate CKII activity in B cells." SIGNOR-251012 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19819937 f "In addition to the JAK2–STAT5 pathway, the Ras GTPase–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras–ERK) pathway has also been implicated in signaling of IL-5 and is important for IL-5-dependent cell survival, proliferation and differentiation of eosinophils." SIGNOR-254354 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PIK3R3 protein Q92569 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr341 NEDADENyFINEEDE 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 7542745 t llicata "This pattern of 32p-tyr release unambiguously identified tyr-341 in p55pik as a major in vitro phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-28791 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12545153 t luana "Stat3 directly regulated the promoter of the VEGF gene. Blockade of activated Stat3 by ectopic expression of dominant-negative Stat3 significantly inhibited VEGF expression, and the growth and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer cells. " SIGNOR-259456 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser268 VALPPGAsPQRSRSP 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248374 EPO protein P01588 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT up-regulates binding -1 9774108 t gcesareni "Human erythropoietin is a haematopoietic cytokine required for the differentiation and proliferation of precursor cells into red blood cells. It activates cells by binding and orientating two cell-surface erythropoietin receptors (EPORs) which trigger an intracellular phosphorylation cascade." SIGNOR-60663 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CD163 protein Q86VB7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1084 QRQRLAVsSRGENLV 9606 BTO:0000801 11298324 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we demonstrated that the cytoplasmic domains of CD163 variants are phosphorylated by PKC-alpha in vitro. Inhibition studies using specific kinase inhibitors reveal that both CKII and PKC are involved in the CD163 signaling mechanism resulting in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines." SIGNOR-249082 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1407 KSQNSQEsTADESED 9606 12086603 t lperfetto "These results suggest that s222 and either s1401, s1404, or s1408 are sites of atm-dependent phosphorylation in vitro.Phosphorylation Of fancd2 is required for activation of an s phase checkpoint" SIGNOR-90117 "8-Hydroxy-7-(6-sulfo-naphthalen-2-ylazo)-quinoline-5-sulfonic acid" chemical CID:92577 PUBCHEM DUSP26 protein Q9BV47 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19233143 t lperfetto "Phosphatase activity of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) was decreased by the inhibitor in a dose-dependent manner. Kinetic studies with NSC-87877 and DUSP26 revealed a competitive inhibition." SIGNOR-261979 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR SFN protein P31947 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15071501 t "Ser residues in the reagion between alpha-helices 7 and 8, JNK3 is essential for apoptosis of hippocampal neurons" gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that activated jnk promotes bax translocation to mitochondria through phosphorylation of 14-3-3, a cytoplasmic anchor of bax. Phosphorylation of 14-3-3 led to dissociation of bax from this protein.Jnk phosphorylates 14-3-3zeta_ at ser-184 and 14-3-3sigma_ at ser-191" SIGNOR-269979 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NR3C1/STAT5A complex SIGNOR-C84 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8878484 t fspada "We show here that the glucocorticoid receptor can act as a transcriptional co-activator for stat5 and enhance stat5-dependent transcription. Stat5 forms a complex with the gluco-corticoid receptor which binds to dna independently of the gre. This complex formation between stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor diminishes the glucocorticoid response of a gre-con-taining promoter." SIGNOR-44373 levomethadone chemical CHEBI:136003 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258808 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268940 GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256792 NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21871017 t miannu "NFAT induces the transcription of the COX2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) gene incancer cells thereby enhancing invasive migration" SIGNOR-264028 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11432830 f gcesareni "The rbp-jkappa protein binds directly to the endogenous p21 promoter and p21 expression is induced specifically by activated notch1 through rbp-jkappa-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-109042 GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10696571 t "GNB1 dissociates from the receptor, bound with GNG2 as stable dimer" SIGNOR-251105 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001593 BTO:0000140 22298955 t lperfetto "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-153420 F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "Factor VIIIa-IXa" complex SIGNOR-C320 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000131 25769543 t lperfetto "The present data point to key roles of FVIII and FIX in FX activation at the site of a platelet thrombus by supporting: (i) thrombin generation, (ii) thrombus growth and platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, and (iii) fibrin formation at the platelet surface. The likely mechanism is that tenase activity via FVIIIa and FIXa, which is confined to the sites of platelet thrombi, generates FXa that directly catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin." SIGNOR-263552 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLPRPE 10090 BTO:0000944 11313479 t "Phosphorylation of AFX by PKB occurs in the nucleus. Phosphorylation of S193 reduces the rate of nuclear import. PKB-mediated phosphorylation of AFX, therefore, attenuates the import of the transcription factor, which shifts the localization of the protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and results in the inhibition of AFX transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252873 spironolactone chemical CHEBI:9241 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18038968 t Luana "Results of the RALES trial (Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study) demonstrated that the published MR antagonist spironolactone, added to standard therapy, reduced mortality due to all causes by 30% as well as reduced hospitalizations and improved cardiac function in patients with severe heart failure.2" SIGNOR-257762 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 9606 8248197 t gcesareni "We now provide evidence that two growth-regulated, nucleus- and cytoplasm-localized protein kinases, 90-kda ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (map kinase), contribute to the serum-induced phosphorylation of c-fos. The major phosphopeptides derived from biosynthetically labeled c-fos correspond to phosphopeptides generated after phosphorylation of c-fos in vitro with both rsk and map kinase. The phosphorylation sites identified for rsk (ser-362) and map kinase (ser-374) are in the transrepression domain. Cooperative phosphorylation at these sites by both enzymes was observed in vitro and reflected in vivo by the predominance of the peptide phosphorylated on both sites, as opposed to singly phosphorylated peptides. This study suggests a role for nuclear rsk and map kinase in modulating newly synthesized c-fos phosphorylation and downstream signaling." SIGNOR-252789 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14963330 t gcesareni "Tp53 directly activated the proapoptotic bcl-2 protein bax in the absence of other proteins to permeabilize mitochondria and engage the apoptotic program" SIGNOR-121895 PEX1 protein O43933 UNIPROT PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 16314507 t "Pex1, Pex6, and Pex26 are involved in Pex5 export from peroxisomes., we found that Pex1 and Pex6 bind to Pex5 (Fig. ​(Fig.6). Therefore, it is conceivable that Pex1 and Pex6 pull out Pex5 from peroxisome membranes in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-253618 DDR2 protein Q16832 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16186108 t gcesareni "Collectively, our findings are consistent with the following mechanism for src-dependent ddr2 activation and signaling: 1) ligand binding promotes phosphorylation of tyr-740 in the ddr2 activation loop by src;2) tyr-740 phosphorylation stimulates intramolecular autophosphorylation of ddr2;3) ddr2 autophosphorylation generates cytosolic domain phosphotyrosines that promote the formation of ddr2 cytosolic domain-shc signaling complexes." SIGNOR-140724 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser391 RSSMNNGsPTALSGS 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249309 TLR2 protein O60603 UNIPROT TICAM2 protein Q86XR7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t scontino "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-266747 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT AGRN protein O00468 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 28515487 f "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events in hFUS+/+; Smn+/− mice. As shown in Fig. 6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected in hFUS+/+ mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-262807 DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256701 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 9677331 f "inferred from family member" miannu "Cotransfection of an expression plasmid encoding USF1 into HepG2 hepatoma cells resulted in the activation of the glucokinase promoter, dependent on the integrity of the P2 element" SIGNOR-270263 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 19836308 t lperfetto "Gsk3 is different from most kinases in that it is constitutively partially active and the most common regulatory mechanism is inhibition by phosphorylation of ser21 in gsk3_ or ser9 in gsk3_. This inhibitory phosphorylation can be mediated by several kinases, such as akt/protein kinase b (pkb), protein kinase c (pkc) and protein kinase a (pka)." SIGNOR-188585 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257997 DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17529994 t amattioni "Dix domain of dvl2 mediates dynamic polymerization, which is essential for the signaling activity of dvl2." SIGNOR-155224 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT GPX1 protein P07203 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr98 EILNSLKyVRPGGGF 9606 12893824 t lperfetto "GPx1 also functions as a substrate for c-Abl- and Arg-mediated phosphorylation on Tyr-96. The results further show that c-Abl and Arg stimulate GPx activity and that these kinases contribute to GPx-mediated protection of cells against oxidative stress." SIGNOR-104328 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000574 9168989 f Regulation miannu "We describe the roles of Stat5 and of these tyrosine residues in the EPOR in the erythroid differentiation of murine hematopoietic cell line SKT6 which produces hemoglobin in response to EPO. Chimeric receptors carrying the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor and the intracellular domain of the EPOR were introduced into SKT6 cells. Like EPO, EGF equally activated Stat5 and induced hemoglobin." SIGNOR-251787 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser866 TAEVKEDsAYGSQSV 10090 BTO:0000785 15084608 t lperfetto "Ikkalfa phosphorylates p100, leading to its proteasomal processing to p52." SIGNOR-124226 CBX3 protein Q13185 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264494 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ECT2 protein Q9H8V3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr846 RAFSFSKtPKRALRR 9606 SIGNOR-C17 16247472 t lperfetto "Thr-814 to ala greatly diminished the ability of p34cdk1/cyclin b to phosphorylate recombinant ect2-c protein (figure 1b, left panel). These data suggest that thr-814 is a major cdk1 phosphorylation site in ect2-c in vitrothe sequence thr-pro-lys-arg (tpkr) starting at amino acid 814we found that the t814a mutation slightly reduces the exchange activity of ect2 on rac1" SIGNOR-141179 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr463 NDTGSRYyKEIPLSE 9606 12637538 t Manara "We show that Abl directly phosphorylates PKD at Tyr(463) in vitro, and in cells phosphorylation of this site is sufficient to mediate full activation of PKD" SIGNOR-260791 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD6 protein O60353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 16273260 t gcesareni "Human wnt5a, wnt5b and wnt11 are non-canonical wnt ligands transducing pcp signals through fzd3 or fzd6 receptors." SIGNOR-141437 SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "Postsynaptic density assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH163 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 f miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function." SIGNOR-264605 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT TOP1 protein P11387 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr268 AKMLDHEyTTKEIFR 9606 15448168 t Manara "This study demonstrates that ABL1-dependent phosphorylation up-regulates topo I activity. The ABL1 SH3 domain bound directly to the N-terminal region of topo I. The results demonstrate that ABL1 phosphorylated topo I at Tyr268 in core subdomain II." SIGNOR-260775 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12771128 t gcesareni "A dominant-negative mutant of high cell density-enhanced ptp 1 (dep-1)//cd148 as well as reduction of its expression by rna interference partially restore vegfr-2 phosphorylation and map kinase activation." SIGNOR-101279 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF150 protein Q9ULK6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271070 WNT8B protein Q93098 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-132024 HSPA9 protein P38646 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267693 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser728 PSPARSSsYSEANEP 9606 27858941 t miannu "Upon TNF stimulation, RIP1 phosphorylates DAB2IP on Serine 604, inducing a conformational switch that allows formation of the complex." SIGNOR-254763 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 1303753 t gcesareni "Lar ptpase shows strong preference for dephosphorylation first at py5 (at tri-, di-, and monophosphotyrosyl levels). Initially this regioselectivity gives the y5(py9)(py10) diphospho regioisomer, followed by equal dephosphorylation at py9 or py10 to give the corresponding monophosphoryl species on the way to fully dephosphorylated product." SIGNOR-16239 DDOST protein A0A024RAD5 UNIPROT "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272062 PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT TBX2 protein Q13207 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002267 25211658 t lperfetto "We have recently found that a T-box gene family member, TBX2, is highly overexpressed in both ERMS and ARMS cells (Zhu et al, 2014). The regulation of TBX2 is uncharacterised in RMS cells, but is likely to link TBX2 expression to the known deregulation of signalling pathways in RMS. In melanoma cells, TBX2 is regulated by PAX3" SIGNOR-249596 BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16109377 t miannu "Binding of Brd4 to Core P-TEFb Is Essential for Transcription." SIGNOR-266411 IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000887 14623899 t lperfetto "As shown previously, IRS-1 was required for insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in 32D cells, which is consistent with the binding and activation of PI3K by IRS-1 during insulin stimulation" SIGNOR-236618 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR T-reg_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH91 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23620016 f "In the current study, addition of ERK inhibitors suppressed IL-6-induced RORgammat expression and promoted TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 expression." SIGNOR-254686 NVP-AEW541 chemical CID:11476171 PUBCHEM IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194892 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 BTO:0004055 10930578 t Federica "Further, we have demonstrated an in vivo association of IMPDH and PKB/Akt by co‐immunoprecipitation from COS cells expressing a constitutively active form of PKB/Akt. Finally, we were able to show that this constitutively active PKB/Akt could phosphorylate IMPDH in vitro. Thus, the interplay between PKB/Akt and IMPDH reported here could suggest that PKB/Akt activation leads to IMPDH type II activation which in turn prepares the cell for entry into S phase." SIGNOR-261262 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser85 ELLHFQAsQREEKEF 9606 SIGNOR-C14 16497931 t lperfetto "Atm phosphorylates serine-85 of nemo to promote its ubiquitin-dependent nuclear export." SIGNOR-144813 RHOBTB1 protein O94844 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30896450 t miannu "RhoBTB1 augmented the cGMP response to nitric oxide by restraining the activity of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) by acting as a substrate adaptor delivering PDE5 to the Cullin-3 E3 Ring ubiquitin ligase complex for ubiquitination inhibiting PDE5." SIGNOR-272313 "vincaleukoblastine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:9984 ChEBI Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15579115 t miannu "Tubulin binding molecules have generated considerable interest after the successful introduction of the taxanes into clinical oncology and the widespread use of the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. These compounds inhibit cell mitosis by binding to the protein tubulin in the mitotic spindle and preventing polymerization into the MTs." SIGNOR-259260 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT "Pyrin inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C226 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256412 IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C14 15489227 t lperfetto "Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained ikkalpha, ikkbeta, ikkepsilon, and tbk1. collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter." SIGNOR-217382 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23616010 t lperfetto "Erk also undergoes rapid translocation into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and activates a variety of transcription factor targets, including sp1, e2f, elk-1, and ap1." SIGNOR-201943 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR GK protein P32189 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18805788 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription foxo1 localizes to the nucleus, where it represses hnf-4-dependent activity of the gk promoter as a corepressor." SIGNOR-252919 NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser445 LGLRKTGsYGALAEI 9606 20354225 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser(445), ser(472), and ser(910) of mypt1 by nuak1 promoted the interaction of mypt1 with 14-3-3 adaptor proteins, thereby suppressing phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-164747 GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 11897506 t gcesareni "Gpcr-mediated transactivation of egfrs by estrogen provides a previously unappreciated mechanism of cross-talk between estrogen and serum growth factors, and explains prior data reporting the egf-like effects of estrogen" SIGNOR-115988 NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626542 t miannu "The DGC is potentially recruited to the postsynaptic membrane though a direct neurexin–dystroglycan interaction and an indirect interaction with NL2 via the synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM." SIGNOR-265458 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAP1GAP protein P47736 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser490 KSPTRKKsGPFGSRR -1 1406653 t miannu "We have localized two of the sites of phosphorylation in vitro by cAMP-dependent kinase to serine residues 490 and 499. raplGAP undergoes phosphorylation at specific sites in vivo, the effects of phosphorylation on raplGAP have remained elusive." SIGNOR-250043 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser40 SREVFDFsQRRKEYE -1 12198130 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at Ser-40 by protein kinase C regulates antioxidant response element-mediated transcription." SIGNOR-249161 RALY protein Q9UKM9 UNIPROT PRMT1 protein Q99873 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 30354839 t lperfetto "RALY binds poly-U rich elements within several RNAs and regulates the expression as well as the stability of specific transcripts. Here we show that RALY binds PRMT1 mRNA and regulates its expression.|We demonstrate that RALY down-regulation decreases protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 levels" SIGNOR-262273 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14993287 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor activates m-calpain (calpain ii), at least in part, by extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated phosphorylation.We now show that erk directly phosphorylates and activates m-calpain both in vitro and in vivo. We identified serine 50 as required for epidermal growth factor (egf)-induced calpain activation in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-270179 SLC34A2 protein O95436 UNIPROT EGF protein P01133 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000195 BTO:0000763 11171583 f miannu "In vivo and in vitro studies showed that egf treatment decreased intestinal napi-iib mrna abundance by _50%, suggesting possible transcriptional regulation." SIGNOR-105161 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 SIGNOR-C14 15084260 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase promotes tumorigenesis through inhibition of forkhead foxo3a. The tnf treatment of ht-29 cells increased ikk-dependent foxo3 ser644 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-124203 APEX1 protein P27695 UNIPROT CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22652909 f miannu "We conclude that APEX1 is a novel transcriptional repressor of CYP11B2 and that differential APEX1 binding at -1651 of CYP11B2 results in altered gene expression." SIGNOR-253736 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT NR1H2 protein P55055 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14993927 t lperfetto "We provide genetic and molecular evidence that cholesterol homeostasis in scs does not require pparalpha and beta, but depends upon the tif2 coactivator and rxrbeta/lxrbeta heterodimers, in which rxrbeta af-2 is transcriptionally active." SIGNOR-123091 PTPN5 protein P54829 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr108 QPTAENAyEYFTKIA 9606 20959805 t "In this study, we report that on apoptotic stimulation Bak undergoes dephosphorylation at tyrosine residue 108 (Y108), a critical event that is necessary but not sufficient for Bak activation, but is required both for early exposure of the occluded N-terminal domain and multimerisation." SIGNOR-248542 DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT MYO10 protein Q9HD67 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 17237772 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence for the involvement of the unconventional myosin X (Myo X) in netrin-1 function. We find that Myo X interacts with the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and neogenin, a DCC-related protein. Expression of Myo X redistributes DCC to the cell periphery or to the tips of neurites, whereas its silencing prevents DCC distribution in neurites. Moreover, expression of DCC, but not neogenin, stimulates Myo X-mediated formation and elongation of filopodia, suggesting that Myo X function may be differentially regulated by DCC and neogenin." SIGNOR-268281 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000975 11018021 t lperfetto "The best characterized Raf substrates are MEK1 and MEK2. The activation of MEK1/2 by Raf is required to mediate many of the cellular responses to Raf activation, suggesting that MEK1/2 are the dominant Raf effector proteins." SIGNOR-244945 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT SMAD3/JUN complex SIGNOR-C86 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9732876 t gcesareni "These results show a ligand-dependent association of smad3 with c-jun" SIGNOR-59873 SEPTIN4 protein O43236 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 15029247 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial ARTS protein promotes apoptosis through targeting XIAP.|Binding of ARTS to XIAP is direct, as recombinant ARTS and XIAP proteins can bind to each other in vitro. ARTS binding to XIAP is specific and related to its pro-apoptotic function, as mutant forms of ARTS (or related septins) that fail to bind XIAP failed to induce apoptosis. ARTS leads to decreased XIAP protein levels and caspase activation. Our data suggest that ARTS induces apoptosis by antagonizing IAPs." SIGNOR-267671 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CDC42EP1 protein Q00587 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser113 SPAPPAIsPIIKNAI 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262765 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr228 HEGAVTHtFCGTIEY -1 11733037 t miannu " Mutational analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of Thr241 and Thr401 in p70beta1 was indispensable for the kinase activity. In contrast, a p70beta1 mutant in which Ser383 was substituted with Gly (S383G) still retained nearly the half maximal activity. Sequential phosphorylation of wild-type and S383G mutant of p70beta1 with mTOR and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in vitro synergistically activated their kinase activities." SIGNOR-250273 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000150 12167717 f lperfetto "PKB induction requires phosphorylation of two critical residues, threonine 308 in the activation loop and serine 473 near the carboxyl terminus. Membrane localization of PKB was found to be a primary determinant of serine 473 phosphorylation. PI3K activity was equally important for promoting phosphorylation of serine 473," SIGNOR-252710 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12050114 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Tob is rapidly phosphorylated at Ser 152, Ser 154, and Ser 164 by Erk1 and Erk2 upon growth-factor stimulation." SIGNOR-270210 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19553684 f gcesareni "Collectively, these data indicate that SIRT1 controls PGC-1alpha gene expression in skeletal muscle and that MyoD is a key mediator of this action" SIGNOR-238790 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 31539109 f miannu "GGCX can regulate osteoporosis via promoting the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway, facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and inhibiting BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The transfection of pcDNA-GGCX plasmid significantly promoted BMSC cell proliferation, increased calcified nodule formation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation, enhanced ALP activity, elevated RUNX2, and OPN mRNA expressions, and upregulated TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad7 expressions (p < 0.05)." SIGNOR-261231 HSD17B11 protein Q8NBQ5 UNIPROT testosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17347 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000056 16166196 t lperfetto "A novel 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) chronologically named type 12 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD12), that transforms estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) was identified by sequence similarity with type 3 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD3) that catalyzes the formation of testosterone from androstenedione in the testis." SIGNOR-268666 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264923 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21900390 t miannu "BRAFV600E has been shown to initiate thyroid follicular cell transformation. The BRAFV600E mutation disrupts the hydrophobic interaction, enabling the BRAF kinase to fold into a catalytically active formation, resulting in an almost 500-fold increase in kinase activity. Mutant BRAF can dimerize and activate MEK without Ras activation." SIGNOR-251988 PJA2 protein O43164 UNIPROT PRKAR2A protein P13861 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21423175 t miannu "Praja2 controls the stability of PKA regulatory subunits. Praja2 ubiquitylates RIIα/β subunits. Subunits" SIGNOR-271856 "SAM complex" complex SIGNOR-C422 SIGNOR "Insertion into mitochondrial membrane" phenotype SIGNOR-PH193 SIGNOR up-regulates 33408415 f lperfetto "The mitochondrial outer membrane contains so-called β-barrel proteins, which allow communication between the cytosol and the mitochondrial interior1-3. Insertion of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane is mediated by the multisubunit mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery (SAM, also known as TOB)" SIGNOR-267687 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30283340 f miannu "MYCT1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclins D and E. Moreover, MYCT1 overexpression triggered apoptosis in AML cells, which was accompanied by enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and downregulated Bcl-2." SIGNOR-261730 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser323 MVGGKPGsFRVRASS 9606 BTO:0000671 15069075 t gcesareni "Here we show in various cell models that the adipose hormone leptin, a putative mediator in obesity-related insulin resistance, promotes phosphorylation of ser-318 in irs1 by a janus kinase 2, irs2, and pkc-dependent pathway. we observed that insulin stimulates phosphorylation of ser(318) in irs-1, which is mediated, at least partially, by pkc-zeta." SIGNOR-123734 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22021368 f apalma "Once genetic mutation of AML1 occurs in hematopoietic cells, aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling exerts antiapoptotic and proliferation-promoting effects via activation of BCL-XL or JUNB." SIGNOR-256654 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser710 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 9606 12058027 t miannu "In cells transfected with pkc? Or pkc? The phosphorylation of ser876 was markedly more pronounced than the phosphorylation of ser706/ser710 / the phosphorylation of ser706/ser710 in pkd2 reflects the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-89415 "vincaleukoblastine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:9984 ChEBI TUBE1 protein Q9UJT0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15579115 t miannu "Tubulin binding molecules have generated considerable interest after the successful introduction of the taxanes into clinical oncology and the widespread use of the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. These compounds inhibit cell mitosis by binding to the protein tubulin in the mitotic spindle and preventing polymerization into the MTs." SIGNOR-259258 RAB38 protein P57729 UNIPROT "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23247405 t lperfetto "Rab32 and Rab38 interact physically and colocalize with BLOC-2, AP-1 and AP-3|These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 operate in the same pathways previously defined for AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2 and suggest they are the specific proteins that divert AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2-dependent cargoes to maturing melanosomes and away from lysosomes." SIGNOR-260699 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257681 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser272 RSRLTPVsPESSSTE 9606 SIGNOR-C17 20974803 t gcesareni "Here we show that cdk1 phosphorylates p62 in vitro and in vivo at t269 and s272, which is necessary for the maintenance of appropriate cyclin b1 levels and the levels of cdk1 activity necessary to allow cells to properly enter and exit mitosis." SIGNOR-169012 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 25545885 t miannu "C-terminal acetylation of p53 by p300/CBP and PCAF promotes an open conformation of p53 by preventing the occlusion of the DNA binding domain by the C-terminal tail. This enhances p53 transcriptional activity, leading to growth arrest and/or apoptosis" SIGNOR-261495 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr206 MTSELEStSLGDSDE 9606 20823832 t lperfetto "Dvl2 bound to and was phosphorylated at thr206 by a mitotic kinase, polo-like kinase 1 (plk1), and this phosphorylation was required for spindle orientation and stable microtubule (mt)-kt attachment" SIGNOR-167858 LRFN1 protein Q9P244 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 f miannu "This study finds that all SALMs (SALMs 1–5) possess the abilityto promote neurite outgrowth and branching, as demonstrated byoverexpression and knockdown experiments." SIGNOR-264100 PEX6 protein Q13608 UNIPROT PEX1 protein O43933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 12717447 t "Pex26 recruits Pex6–Pex1 complexes to peroxisomes. Pex26 anchors Pex6 and Pex1 through Pex26–Pex6 and Pex6–Pex1 interactions." SIGNOR-253615 PCDHA13 protein Q9Y5I0 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265672 SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 17403369 t "Skeletal muscle both stores glucose as glycogen and oxidizes it to produce energy following the transport step. The principal glucose transporter protein that mediates this uptake is GLUT4, which plays a key role in regulating whole body glucose homeostasis" SIGNOR-267291 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12432220 f irozzo "Closer examination revealed a cross-regulatory mechanism by which GATA-1 can control the expression of GATA-2 and vice versa, possibly via essential GATA binding sites in their cis-acting elements.In this model, GATA-2 activates GATA-1 gene expression, while GATA-1 represses GATA-2 gene expression." SIGNOR-256058 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser180 KKGGGKKsGKKSYLS 9606 23226345 t lperfetto "Aurora b kinase phosphorylates yy1 on serine 184 and to a lesser extent serine 180 at the g2/m stage of the cell cycle (fig. 7). We show that yy1 is rapidly dephosphorylated as the cells exit mitosis, likely by pp1. Also, our data indicates that phosphorylation at serine 180 and serine 184 can affect the dna binding activity of yy1" SIGNOR-200075 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7479785 f miannu "Interleukin 1 beta suppresses transforming growth factor-induced inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) production and expression of the PPi-generating enzyme PC-1 in human chondrocytes. IL-1 beta may be an important regulator of mineralization in chondrocytes by inhibiting TGF beta-induced PPi production and PC-1 expression." SIGNOR-252199 OSM protein P13725 UNIPROT OSMR protein Q99650 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16286453 t gcesareni "The oncostatin m receptor (osmr) is part of receptor complexes for oncostatin m and interleukin-31." SIGNOR-141588 HAUS8 protein Q9BT25 UNIPROT "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19369198 t lperfetto "Here, by using mass spectrometry, we identified the full human augmin complex of 8 subunits and show that it interacts with the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC)" SIGNOR-262321 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT IL12B protein P29460 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 19029990 f lperfetto "STAT1 binds as a homodimer to cis elements known as gammaactivated sequences in the promoters of the genes encoding NOS2, the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) and IL-12, among others." SIGNOR-249500 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr555 DNIPRRTtQRIVAPP 9534 10818093 t lperfetto "We produced an antibody that specifically recognizes CRMP-2 phosphorylated at Thr-555. Using this antibody, we found that Rho-kinase phosphorylated CRMP-2 downstream of Rho in COS7 cells. " SIGNOR-249042 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser261 TSGEDTLsDSDDEDD -1 1425701 t llicata "Analysis of phosphorylation sites in synthetic peptides of this acidic region identified the major sites phosphorylated by CKII as Ser261 and Ser263." SIGNOR-250920 PYG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF96 SIGNOR glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267953 "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR RNA_splicing phenotype SIGNOR-PH201 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30765414 f lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270651 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT NRIP1 protein P48552 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12403842 t gcesareni "Receptor interacting protein 140 (rip140) is a coregulator for a large number of transcription factors. Rip140 interacts with retinoic acid receptor (rar) and retinoid x receptor (rxr) with or without ligands" SIGNOR-95160 ZBTB7A protein O95365 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15662416 f miannu "Pokemon can specifically repress the transcription of the tumour suppressor gene ARF through direct binding." SIGNOR-225900 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000011 16399502 f fferrentino "In mammalian models [...] Hh signaling also inhibits mammalian adipogenesis. Hh signals elicit this function early in adipogenesis, upstream of PPARγ, potentially diverting preadipocytes as well as multipotent mesenchymal prescursors away from adipogenesis and toward osteogenesis. Hh may elicit these effects by inducing the expression of antiadipogenic transcription factors such as Gata2." SIGNOR-251656 "IL17R complex" complex SIGNOR-C260 SIGNOR NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 8777726 f lperfetto "3T3 cells were preincubated with an IL-17Rspecific antiserum and then assayed for NF-KB activation by HVS13. Preincubation with the IL-1 7R antiserum dramatically decreased the NF-KB activity induced by HVSl3 as compared with cells preincubated with an irrelevant rat antiserum (Figure 5C). This result indicated that the engagement of the IL-17R by its ligands induced NF-KB activity." SIGNOR-261338 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazol-3-ium smallmolecule CHEBI:137981 ChEBI 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-D-ribosyl)imidazolium-4-carboxylate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:77657 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The next two reactions (steps 6 and 7) involve carb oxylation of AIR to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonu cleotide (CAIR) and ligation of the carboxy group of CAIR with an amide group derived from Asp in an ATP dependent reaction forming 4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)- 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR). These reac tions are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS)." SIGNOR-267316 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9047237 t lperfetto "P59fyn_phosphorylated slp-76 at intermediate levels but, significantly, this phosphorylation failed to induce vav?SLP-76 complex formation" SIGNOR-46851 RPS3A protein P61247 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262420 ABCC8 protein Q09428 UNIPROT "KATP channel" complex SIGNOR-C274 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28842488 t lperfetto "ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, found throughout the body, are generated as octameric complexes consisting of four pore-forming Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 subunits with four regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1 or SUR2) subunits." SIGNOR-262056 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 19106114 t miannu "GNRH1 induces expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), which interacts with steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1) to regulate Lhb promoter activity." SIGNOR-254914 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269596 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser676 SNGRRKRsPTQSFRF 9606 15657420 t lperfetto "The formation of rsk-nfatc4-dna transcription complex is also apparent upon adipogenesis. Bound rsk phosphorylates ser(676) and potentiates nfatc4 dna binding by escalating nfat-dna association. Ser(676) is also targeted by the erk map kinase, which interacts with nfat at a distinct region than rsk. Thus, integration of the erk/rsk signaling pathway provides a mechanism to modulate nfatc4 transcription activity." SIGNOR-133276 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR ATP2A1 protein O14983 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136300 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ARFGEF1 protein Q9Y6D6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser883 EIAGKKIsMKETKEL 9606 BTO:0000599 16467138 t lperfetto "Within 20 min after addition of 8-Br-cAMP, BIG1 accumulated in nuclei, and this effect was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors H-89 and PKI, suggesting a dependence on PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation. |Mutant BIG1 (S883A) in which Ala replaced Ser-883, a putative PKA phosphorylation site, did not move to the nucleus with cAMP addition, whereas replacement with Asp (S883D) resulted in nuclear accumulation of BIG1 without or with cAMP exposure, consistent with the mechanistic importance of a negative charge at that site" SIGNOR-272146 SH2B1 protein Q9NRF2 UNIPROT BLNK protein Q8WV28 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "SHP-1 is recruited by the phosphorylated ITIM-bearing receptors such as CD22 and it dephosphorylates proximal BCR signaling molecules such as CD79, SYK, BLNK." SIGNOR-268446 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser37 KHSSYPDsEGAPDSL 9606 BTO:0000567 10618498 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the Spi-B transcription factor reduces its intrinsic stability. | Serine residues 37 in the transactivation domain and 129, 144 and 146 in the PEST domain of Spi-B are phosphorylated by CKII in vitro | The CKII phosphorylation sites mapped in vitro are phosphorylated in vivo" SIGNOR-251042 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 21317537 t miannu "SPAK phosphorylates the transporters to reduce their surface expression and thus their activity and consequently inhibits ductal secretion to stabilize the resting state. PP1 reverses the effect of SPAK. Molecular analysis revealed that the WNK kinases acted as scaffolds to recruit SPAK, which phosphorylated CFTR and NBCe1-B, reducing their cell surface expression." SIGNOR-263134 palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267884 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr838 GINPCTEtFTGTLQY 9606 17937911 t lperfetto "Reporter gene assays showed that all three identified in vitro autophosphorylation sites (thr813, thr838, thr842) regulate ask1 signalingmutation of thr838 drastically reduced reporter gene activity when compared to unstimulated control levels. Interestingly, mutation of the other two sites also provided a significant reduction in ask1 function (figure 6a), suggesting that autophosphorylation at the residues thr842 and thr813 regulates ask1 signaling." SIGNOR-158427 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 LQTDGNRsSHSRLGR 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-251053 MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11782488 t gcesareni "Kato et al. reported that mek5 specifically activates bmk1 but not other mammalian map kinasesin vivo." SIGNOR-113770 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Like NRXNs, NLGNs bind to intracellular PDZ-domain proteins, but in contrast to NRXNs, NLGNs bind to class I PDZ domains such as those contained in PSD95, a postsynaptic MAGUK protein65. PSD95 and its homologues are centrally involved in recruiting glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites66. Similarly to CASK, PSD95 binds to intracellular adaptor proteins, and especially to GKAP (a protein that binds to the guanylate-kinase domain of PSD95), which, in turn, binds to SHANK proteins (Fig. 1b). A possible role of these interactions is to recruit postsynaptic adaptor proteins to the site of synaptic junctions." SIGNOR-264193 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TFAM protein Q00059 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser55 SCPKKPVsSYLRFSK 9606 23201127 t llicata "Here, we demonstrate that tfam is phosphorylated within its hmg box 1 (hmg1) by camp-dependent protein kinase in mitochondria. Hmg1 phosphorylation impairs the ability of tfam to bind dna and to activate transcription." SIGNOR-199934 PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242637 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser483 KRSRAIHsSDEGEDQ 9606 12769847 t gcesareni "Here we identify two phosphorylation sites in the vca domain of wasp at serines 483 and 484. S483 and s484 are substrates for casein kinase 2 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of these residues increases the affinity of the vca domain for the arp2/3 complex 7-fold and is required for efficient in vitro actin polymerization by the full-length wasp molecule." SIGNOR-101264 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ARHGAP17 protein Q68EM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser702 LSAPRRYsSSLSPIQ 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "Screening for potential mediators of this effect resulted in the identification of the Rac1-specific GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP17 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF6 as new PKA and PKG substrates in platelets. We mapped the PKA/PKG phosphorylation sites to serine 702 on ARHGAP17 using Phos-tag gels and to serine 684 on ARHGEF6. |ARHGAP17 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein of Rac1 and is bound to the SH3 domain of CIP4 via its SH3 binding region in resting platelets. Endothelial PGI2 stimulates the activation of PKA and leads to the phosphorylation of Ser-702 in ARHGAP17, which results in the dissociation of the ARHGAP17-CIP4 complex." SIGNOR-272155 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161646 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25194572 f miannu "Here we show that IL-6-activated Stat3 signaling regulates satellite cell behavior, promoting myogenic lineage progression through myogenic differentiation 1 (Myod1) regulation. IL-6 stimulation promoted an increase in the mRNA levels of both Stat3 and Myod1. Stat3 mediated this effect, as IL-6‚Äìdependent Myod1 upregulation was impaired after infection with the shStat3 lentivirus." SIGNOR-255416 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser428 SSKIRRLsACKQQ 9606 BTO:0001271 25846811 t lperfetto "Negative regulation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway by ERK in human acute myeloid leukemia cellsBRAFV600E activates downstream molecules, including ERK and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), and leads to the phosphorylation of LKB-1 at Ser428 by these kinases. This cascade results in the dissociation of LKB1 from AMPK." SIGNOR-252805 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ZFP36L1 protein Q07352 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser54 GGFPRRHsVTLPSSK 9606 18326031 t lperfetto "Mk2-mediated inhibition of brf1 requires phosphorylation at s54, s92, and s203. Phosphorylation of brf1 by mk2 does not appear to alter its ability to interact with ares or to associate with mrna decay enzymes. Thus, mk2 inhibits brf1-dependent amd through direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-161274 3-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)-4-[1-[1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-indolyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione chemical CHEBI:91368 ChEBI PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191499 5-[6-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1-benzimidazolyl]-3-[(1R)-1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-2-thiophenecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91333 ChEBI PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192991 "CID 132010322" chemical CID:132010322 PUBCHEM BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 31969702 t Monia "ABBV-744 potently inhibited the BD2 domain of BET family proteins with more than 290× selectivity relative to the BD1 domains of BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4" SIGNOR-261102 LMO2 protein P25791 UNIPROT ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001106 21536859 f miannu "We further demonstrate that ERG expression in primary human T-ALL cells is mediated by the binding of other T-cell oncogenes SCL/TAL1, LMO2, and LYL1 in concert with ERG, FLI1, and GATA3 to the ERG +85 enhancer." SIGNOR-253922 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT CD72 protein P21854 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 9740800 t gcesareni "Our work clearly identifies cd72 as both an shp-1 binding protein (figure 1,figure 2) and a direct substrate for shp-1 in vivo (figure 3). As tyrosine phosphorylation of cd72 strongly correlates with the ability of the bcr to deliver growth-inhibitory/apoptosis-inducing signals (figure 4), our results suggest that shp-1-catalyzed dephosphorylation of cd72 may antagonize these signals." SIGNOR-60155 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT CDKN1C protein P49918 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000037 15824735 f miannu "three of the nine targets had been identified previously as candidate TSGs (DOC-2/DAB2, CDKN1C and SPARC) and all were upregulated by wild-type pVHL." SIGNOR-255601 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr327 PLLREETyDVPPAFA 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Five tyrosine phosphorylation sites were identified in p130cas on tyr-128, tyr-249, tyr-306, tyr-327, and tyr-410. These tyrosine residues are all located in the substrate domain of p130cas that mediates binding to the sh2 domain of the adaptor molecule crk. Fgf-1-transduced fibroblasts demonstrated a > 10-fold increase in migration, an observation correlated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p125fak and p130cas." SIGNOR-98500 DEAF1 protein O75398 UNIPROT EN1 protein Q05925 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000375 31145909 t Gianni "Deaf1 is the first transcription factor implicated in the regulation of En1, a critical determinant of eccrine fate, within keratinocytes." SIGNOR-269062 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1714 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248753 ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 29274743 t miannu "Ankrd11 knockdown decreases the levels of bdnf and Trkb mRNAs. Next, we examine whether ANKRD11 accesses the Trkb promoter in cortical neurons. We performed the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) using an ANKRD11 antibody followed by PCR to amplify the Trkb promoter region. We found that ANKRD11 binds to the Trkb promoter (Fig. 6E). As expected, the level of ANKRD11 binding was decreased in the Ankrd11 knockdown condition." SIGNOR-266731 N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:125619 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258844 TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT PBX3 protein P40426 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24463367 f lperfetto "While Top2a is essential in proliferating cells and has been linked to DNA replication and chromosome condensation/segregation, Top2b has been clearly indicated in regulating gene expression (e.g. Reln, Dab1, Catna2, Cdh13, Sst, Pbx3, and Epha7) during brain development" SIGNOR-242308 CHN1 protein P15882 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15013773 t miannu "_-chimaerin was identified to interact with the p35 activator of cdk5. The complex of _-chimaerin, cdk5 and p35 is enzymatically functional" SIGNOR-123439 GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT ARHGEF1 protein Q92888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14607242 t "It turned out that RGS domain of p115RhoGEF is specific for Gα12 and Gα13, and does not bind Gαi, Gαs and Gαq (Kozasa et al., 1998). The binding of Gα13 but not Gα12 stimulated GEF activity for Rho" SIGNOR-256521 NBEA protein Q8NFP9 UNIPROT DLG3 protein Q92796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding BTO:0000227 23277425 t lperfetto "Interestingly, a recent proteomic analysis (Lauks et al., 2012) revealed that Nbea binds SAP102, which interacts with glutamate receptors early in the biosynthetic route and regulates their targeting. This finding, along with the interaction of Nbea with the glycine receptor beta subunit (del Pino et al., 2011), further strengthens the notion that Nbea targets neurotransmitter receptors to synapses." SIGNOR-266004 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001412 19781662 f "Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the formation of inflammatory leukotrienes. 5-LO gene expression is mainly restricted to B cells and cells of myeloid origin. It is known that basal 5-lipoxygenase promoter activity is regulated by DNA methylation.|Using ChIP assays, we found that the methyl-DNA binding proteins MBD1, MBD2 and MeCP2 bind to the methylated 5-LO core promoter in U937 cells. Knock down of each of the MBDs upregulates 5-LO mRNA expression in U937 cells indicating that these proteins are involved in silencing of the 5-LO gene." SIGNOR-254062 RAPGEF3 protein O95398 UNIPROT RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9534 BTO:0000298 10777494 t miannu "Epac1 (cAMP-GEFI) and Epac2 (cAMP-GEFII) are closely related guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the small GTPase Rap1, which are directly regulated by cAMP. Here we show that both GEFs efficiently activate Rap2 as well." SIGNOR-263956 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT GGH protein Q92820 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31739835 t miannu "Overexpression of Sp1 led to enhanced GGH promoter activity and GGH mRNA expression in allele-specific manners. These findings suggested that Sp1 acted as a positive regulator of human GGH transcription through the rs3758149 polymorphism in CEM/C1 cells." SIGNOR-261350 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:143788 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34283828 t miannu "In humans, GART [phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) / phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (EC 6.3.4.13) / phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1)] is a trifunctional protein which catalyzes the second, third, and fifth reactions of the ten step de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) pathway. The second step of DNPS is conversion of phosphoribosylamine (5-PRA) to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR)." SIGNOR-267300 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Pyl) smallmolecule CHEBI:15185 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269494 CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256765 NDUFA2 protein O43678 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262154 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 17604322 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "In colon cancer cells, the Ras/mitogen‚Äêactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway phosphorylates RXRalpha, which impairs its function as a heterodimeric partner for PPARgamma|A point‚Äêmutated RXRalpha T82A/S260A, which mimics the unphosphorylated form of RXRalpha, can form a heterodimer with PPARgamma and thereby activate target gene expression by binding to the PPRE" SIGNOR-269995 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14739463 t miannu " We report that in neurons the stability of c-Jun is regulated by the E3 ligase SCF(Fbw7), which ubiquitinates phosphorylated c-Jun and facilitates c-Jun degradation. " SIGNOR-272950 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001271 11790798 t gcesareni "Thus, the c-terminal tail of vav serves as a direct substrate of bcr-abl in vitro." SIGNOR-114091 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 10230394 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation and inactivation of BAD by mitochondria-anchored protein kinase A|Collectively, these results implicate PKA as the principal mitochondria-based S112 kinase." SIGNOR-67383 ketanserin chemical CHEBI:6123 ChEBI SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000318 8643547 t miannu "Reserpine and ketanserin are slightly more potent inhibitors of VMAT2-mediated transport than of VMAT1-mediated transport, whereas tetrabenazine binds to and inhibits only VMAT2." SIGNOR-258494 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1197 KAYSPRYsISDRTSI 9534 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-235929 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS4 protein O14654 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 25905389 t lperfetto "The binding of insulin to the subunit of IR not only concentrates insulin at its site of action, but also induces conformational changes in the receptor, which in turn stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the _ subunit of the IR and triggers the signaling cascades (Fig. 3). Insulin receptors trans phosphorylate several immediate substrates (on Tyr residues) including IRS1-4, Shc, and Gab 1, Cbl, APS, and P60dok." SIGNOR-217897 RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_progress phenotype SIGNOR-PH42 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 10801445 f gcesareni "Although forced expression of either p130 or pRb in mouse C2 myoblasts efficiently blocked cell cycle progression, only p130 inhibited the differentiation program." SIGNOR-241946 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 17900900 t gcesareni "The energy sensor amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) has been shown to directly phosphorylate foxo factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the akt." SIGNOR-157941 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr360 VSPSPTTyRMFRDKS 9606 BTO:0001271 8622703 t lperfetto "We have previously demonstrated that the bcr protein is tyrosine phosphorylated within first-exon sequences by the bcr-abl oncoprotein. Here we report that in addition to tyrose 177 (y-177), y-360 and y283 are phosphorylated in bcr-abl proteins in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated bcr, phosphorylated in vitro by bcr-abl, was greatly inhibited in its serine/threonine kinase activity, impairing both auto- and transkinase activities of bcr." SIGNOR-40619 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 15109499 f miannu "Constitutively active Foxo3 acts on the atrogin-1 promoter to cause atrogin-1 transcription and dramatic atrophy of myotubes and muscle fibers" SIGNOR-252070 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1178 IMSKHLDsPPAIPPR 9606 20724475 t lperfetto "ERK activation was sufficient for the SOS1 phosphorylation and resulting inhibition of EGF-induced Ras activation. This result also showed that SOS1 could be phosphorylated by ERK in the absence of association with EGFR at the plasma membrane, which is a phosphotyrosine-dependent process." SIGNOR-244743 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 TMKTFCGtPEYLAPE 10090 BTO:0005655 23142783 t gcesareni "GSK3_ negatively regulates AKT activation by phosphorylating AKT at T312 in the substrate binding site, which inhibited IL-1-induced AKT activation and function." SIGNOR-252434 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 DKSTQTPsPPCQAFN 9606 12591950 t lperfetto "Biml (bim long) was induced and phosphorylated parallel to jnk activitythese data demonstrate that biml is phosphorylated in vivo on thr-56 and that jnk also phosphorylates biml on at least one serine residue (ser-44 and/or ser-58)" SIGNOR-98388 "enalaprilat (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:4786 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 7527095 t miannu "The effects of 14-day trandolapril or enalapril treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were studied on blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity measured ex vivo in various organs. Both ACE inhibitors caused dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure and ACE activity, trandolapril being 30- and 400- to 1,000-fold more active than enalapril on blood pressure and ACE activity, respectively." SIGNOR-258429 PLAUR protein Q03405 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27383564 t "Recent evidence suggests that the activation of b3 integrin in podocytes mediates uPAR-induced cellular events leading to proteinuria" SIGNOR-253333 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT SLC46A1 protein Q96NT5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20724482 f miannu "Overexpression of NRF-1 or a constitutively active NRF-1 VP-16 construct resulted in increased reporter activity and PCFT mRNA levels. These novel findings identify NRF-1 as a major inducible transcriptional regulator of PCFT gene expression." SIGNOR-254884 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT NEUROG1 protein Q92886 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 30030829 f lperfetto "The basic-helixloop-helix factors HES1 and HES5 repress the expression of the proneural genes (Ascl1, Atoh1, Neurog1 and Neurog2) and thereby inhibit NSCs differentiation and neuron production" SIGNOR-265140 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_exit phenotype SIGNOR-PH41 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000222 9388774 f gcesareni "The upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and the dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) appear to be critical regulatory events for the establishment ,,, the postmitotic ... states [in myoblasts differentiating into mature myotubes]" SIGNOR-241956 SMCR8 protein Q8TEV9 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 28195531 t "While focusing on the role of SMCR8 during autophagy initiation, we found that kinase activity and gene expression of ULK1 are increased upon SMCR8 depletion. The latter phenotype involved association of SMCR8 with the ULK1 gene locus." SIGNOR-252030 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16014605 t gcesareni "Lpa exerts its downstream signaling by binding to the lpa(1), lpa(2), and lpa(3) (formerly edg-2, -4, and -7) family of seven-transmembrane, segmented, heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein)-coupled receptors." SIGNOR-138585 APBA1 protein Q02410 UNIPROT STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 9395480 t miannu "Munc18-1 is a neuronal protein that interacts with syntaxin 1 and is required for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We have now identified two Munc18-1-interacting proteins called Mint1 and Mint2 that may mediate the function of Munc18-1." SIGNOR-264035 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg759 KNNAIEPrSFSQNSR -1 10350471 t lperfetto "Activation of factor VIII by thrombin occurs via limited proteolysis at R372, R740, and R1689." SIGNOR-263641 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9430721 t gcesareni "The p38 mapkinasekinasemkk6 is identified as a common activator of p38 alpha, p38 beta 2, and p38 gamma mapkinaseisoforms." SIGNOR-54947 HOXD12 protein P35452 UNIPROT MAFK protein O60675 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221929 ITGAV protein P06756 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253205 4-[[5-amino-1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)-oxomethyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:94506 ChEBI CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193537 HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257424 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr479 FSYSASGtA 9606 BTO:0000093 24670654 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of S477 and T479 at the Akt extreme carboxy terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A or mTORC2, under distinct physiological conditions, promotes Akt activation through facilitating, or functionally compensating for, S473 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252454 DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34674502 t scontino "Three different deiodinases have been described: iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1), DIO2, and DIO3. Deiodination is the first step in the activation/inactivation process of THs and involves the removal of removes one iodine atom from the outer tyrosyl ring of T4 to produce T3." SIGNOR-266953 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser413 VRYIKENsPCVTPVS 9606 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104675 TG101209 chemical CHEBI:90304 ChEBI RET protein P07949 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207269 ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-146870 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22286761 f gcesareni "Yap directly induced the transcription of ccnd1 and foxm1, in cooperation with tead transcription factor." SIGNOR-194371 HK3 protein P52790 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266447 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GRB14 protein Q14449 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 GCSSQSIsPMRSISE -1 28130417 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of clustered serine residues in the N-terminus of BPS domain negatively regulates formation of the complex between human Grb14 and insulin receptor| In vitro kinase assay using the motif-derived peptides showed that the serine residues located in N-terminal (Ser358, Ser362 and Ser366) and C-terminal (Ser419 and Ser423) regions of the BPS domain were phosphorylated by GSK-3." SIGNOR-264869 ESRRA protein P11474 UNIPROT NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000155 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253795 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser42 GGRKRRSsRRSAGGG 9606 20400976 t lperfetto "Moreover, phosphorylation of twist-1 at ser42 was shown in vivo in various human cancer tissues, suggesting that this post-translational modification ensures functional activation of twist-1 after promotion of survival during carcinogenesis." SIGNOR-244373 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr842 DIMSDSNyVVRGNAR 10090 BTO:0001516 16627759 t lperfetto "In vitro mapping of FLT3 autophosphorylation sites|Tryptic peptides covering more than 80% of the FLT3 kinase domain were recovered, and 5 tyrosine residues (Y591, Y726, Y842, Y955, and Y969) within this region were phosphorylated." SIGNOR-271925 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259027 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20577053 t gcesareni "The action of metformin was shown to be mediated through activation of apkc?/?, Which phosphorylates cbp at ser436, and disrupts the transcriptionally active creb-cbp-crtc2 complex," SIGNOR-166368 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser792 DKMRRASsYSSLNSL 10090 BTO:0002572 SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR-C3 18439900 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of raptor by ampk is required for the inhibition of mtorc1 and cell-cycle arrest induced by energy stress." SIGNOR-161375 1-[4-[[2-(2-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-7-methyl-4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-hydroxy-1-propanone chemical CHEBI:93753 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192617 Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT HSD3B1 protein P14060 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 24631756 f lperfetto "CTH signaling promotes the single steroidogenic rate limiting step, which is the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme (P450scc), encoded in the CYP11A1 gene. This is conferred by a direct stimulating effect of ACTH on the promoter of CYP11A1 (Chung et al., 1997, Liu and Simpson, 1997, Hu et al., 2001). Further, it stimulates conversion of pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone by upregulating the expression of 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (3β-HSD)" SIGNOR-268720 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr390 DSKFTRQtPVDSPDD 9606 11914378 t "Thr229 phosphorylation requires prior phosphorylation of the Ser/Thr-Pro sites in the autoinhibitory domain and Thr389 in the linker domain,[…] Moreover, in vitro mTOR directly phosphorylates Ser371, and this event modulates Thr389phosphorylation by mTOR, compatible with earlier in vivo findings." SIGNOR-255840 DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256980 PTMS protein P20962 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16150697 t miannu "Macromolecular translocation inhibitor II (MTI-II), which was first identified as an in vitro inhibitor of binding between the highly purified glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and isolated nuclei, is an 11.5-kDa Zn2+-binding protein that is also known as ZnBP or parathymosin. MTI-II Enhances GR-dependent Transcription through Its Acidic Domain. MTI-II Enhances GR-dependent Transcription in Cooperation with SRC-1 and p300 in Vivo. CBP and p300 Coprecipitate with MTI-II in a Glucocorticoid Hormone-dependent Manner. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that in the presence of glucocorticoid hormone, p300 and CREB-binding protein are coprecipitated with MTI-II. Furthermore, the knockdown of endogenous MTI-II by RNAi reduces the transcriptional activity of GR in cells." SIGNOR-268461 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "Similar synergy is found in notch and bmp crosstalk: activating notch signaling enhanced bmp-induced alp activity and formation of calcified nodules in vitro." SIGNOR-254335 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22773843 t areggio "Purified human RYK binds to mouse Wnt1, 3a and 5a expressed in HEK293 cells. Separate experiments show that human RYK also immunopreciptitates human VANGL2 when the proteins are co-expressed in HEK293 cells." SIGNOR-258970 TTC5 protein Q8N0Z6 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 15448695 t miannu "DNA damage activates ATM kinase which then phosphorylates Strap at Ser 203 (red circles). Phosphorylated Strap is stabilized and undergoes nuclear accumulation where it assembles into a co-activator complex, which includes p300 and cofactors such as JMY" SIGNOR-262646 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT CCT2 protein P78371 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser260 GSRVRVDsTAKVAEI 9606 19332537 t llicata "Mass spectrometry and mutagenesis analysis revealed that rsk and s6k1 phosphorylate cct_ ser-260 in vitro and in intact cells" SIGNOR-184926 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI Citric_Acid_Cycle phenotype SIGNOR-PH191 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15953811 f miannu "A branch-point metabolite α-ketoglutarate is generated in the TCA cycle during the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids and by glutamate dehydrogenase during the oxidative deamination of glutamate. The enzymes that form the mitochondrial α-ketoglutarate– dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), a key and arguably rate-limiting enzyme system of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, might mediate the interaction of these processes." SIGNOR-267821 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000452 26214522 t Luana "In this study, we have demonstrated that the PTPN1 gene, which encodes PTP1B, was a direct target of MECP2 and that PTP1B protein levels were dramatically increased in Mecp2-mutant mice and in fibroblasts derived from patients with RTT." SIGNOR-264546 SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 20938049 t lperfetto "It has been reported that DJ-1 is a neuroprotective transcriptional co-activator that sequesters a transcriptional co-repressor polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) from the TH gene promoter." SIGNOR-271697 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser243 PGETPPLsPIDMESQ 9606 1846781 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of recombinant human c-jun proteins in vitro by gsk-3 decreases their dna-binding activity." SIGNOR-21776 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 10383400 t miannu "Further indications of direct interaction are that p59fyn potentiates ?PKC Catalytic activity and that ?PKC Is a substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation by p59fyn." SIGNOR-68798 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 29901072 t miannu "AT7519, a pyrazole 3-carboxyamide compound, was developed by Astex and acts as an inhibitor of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and CDK9." SIGNOR-262220 XL765 chemical CHEBI:71958 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207881 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HAND1 protein O96004 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser98 RLGRRKGsGPKKERR 9606 14636580 t lperfetto "In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation studies show that both PKA and PKC can phosphorylate HAND1 and -2. In addition, phosphopeptide mapping analysis of wild-type and mutant forms of HAND1 shows that three of these conserved residues, T107; S109 within helix I and S98 within the basic domain, are the phosphorylated residues. " SIGNOR-249243 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 BTO:0000298 7839144 t Luana "Two human MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) were cloned that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase." SIGNOR-260722 INHA protein P05111 UNIPROT TGFBR3 protein Q03167 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10746731 t gcesareni "Type iii tgf-beta receptor, betaglycan, can function as an inhibin co-receptor with actrii. Betaglycan binds inhibin with high affinity and enhances binding in cells co-expressing actrii and betaglycan. ability of betaglycan to facilitate inhibin antagonism of activin" SIGNOR-76470 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser41 AATKIQAsFRGHITR -1 2140056 t lperfetto "We conclude that serine-41 is the protein kinase C phosphorylation site of neuromodulin and that phosphorylation of this amino acid residue blocks binding of calmodulin to neuromodulin." SIGNOR-248859 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 YSGSEGDsESGEEEE -1 2046671 t llicata "Casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates the mammalian transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) on a serine residue(s) located within a region of the protein spanning amino acids 70 to 92, thereby enhancing its DNA-binding activity in vitro. We report here that serine 83 appears to be the residue phosphorylated by CKII but that three other serines in this region can also be involved in phosphorylation and the enhancement of DNA-binding activity." SIGNOR-250958 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21669963 f miannu "Using in vitro and in vivo molecular assays, we showed that ERG increases OPN expression and binds to an EBS (nt -115 to -118) in the OPN promoter." SIGNOR-254066 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269642 FGD3 protein Q5JSP0 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260553 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr203 SSLATPPtLSSTVLI 9606 BTO:0001938 12815053 t lperfetto "Plk1 interacts with BRCA2 in vivo, and mutation of Ser193, Ser205/206, and Thr203/207 to Ala in BR-N1 abolished Plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that BRCA2 is the substrate of Plk1. Furthermore, both the hyperphosphorylated and hypophosphorylated forms of BRCA2 bind to RAD51, whereas the M phase hyperphosphorylated form of BRCA2 no longer associates with the P/CAF, suggesting that the dissociation of P/CAF-BRCA2 complex is regulated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249220 MRPS12 protein O15235 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261457 CYP21A2 protein P08686 UNIPROT 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17252 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000050 25855791 t lperfetto "Cytochrome P450 (P450)4 21A2 is the major steroid 21-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-OH-progesterone) to form 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively" SIGNOR-268643 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser34 HKRRRSRsWSSSSDR 9606 BTO:0000567 20682768 t lperfetto "Akt directly binds to and phosphorylates clk2 on serine 34 and threonine 127, in vitro and in vivo.Our results suggest that akt activation controls cell survival to ionizing radiation by phosphorylating clk2, revealing an important regulatory mechanism required for promoting cell surviva" SIGNOR-167336 PDK3 protein Q15120 UNIPROT PDHA2 protein P29803 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS 9606 16436377 t miannu "Pdh2 was found to be very similar to pdh1 / in the mechanism of inactivation by phosphorylation of three sites;and (iv) in the phosphorylation of sites 1 and 2 by pdk3 / (ser-264 (site 1), ser-271 (site 2), and ser-203 (site 3)" SIGNOR-143974 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr220 QSNYIPEtPPPGYIS 9606 19115199 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-183000 CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C16 17409098 t gcesareni "P27, an important cell cycle regulator, blocks the g(1)/s transition in cells by binding and inhibiting cdk2/cyclin a and cdk2/cyclin e complexes (cdk2/e)." SIGNOR-154191 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT VAMP4 protein O75379 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser30 RNLLEDDsDEEEDFF 9606 14608369 t gcesareni "The r-snare vamp4, which contains a dileucine motif, binds to the ap-1 or the ggas. Serine 20 and leucines 25,26 are essential for this binding. Ap-1 association with vamp4 is enhanced when serine 30 is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2. This phosphorylation-dependent modulation of ap-1 binding is mediated by pacs-1 (phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein). Ablation of both the dileucine motif and serine 30 results in a dramatic mislocalization of vamp4 in the regulated secretory pathway." SIGNOR-119090 F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 SIGNOR-C319 29880919 t lperfetto "TF has a high affinity for FVII and enables the trace levels (∼1% of the total FVII) of activated FVII (FVIIa) in the blood to cleave specific sites in the serine proteases FIX and FX, activating them into FIXa and FXa, respectively." SIGNOR-263545 PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT TIMP2 protein P16035 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 9606 19351864 f miannu "Suppressing PTTG expression by siRNA decreased cell motility in both PTTG-HA/EC9706 and KYSE150 cells. By using mass spectrometric analysis, we identified that PTTG up-regulated S100A4 and galectin-1 secretion and down-regulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 secretion to the culture media." SIGNOR-255069 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser950 EGFHPRRsSQGATQM 10090 BTO:0000944 11581251 t lperfetto "HSL activity is known to be regulated by phosphorylation (3). PKA increases HSL activity via phosphorylation at Ser563, Ser659, and Ser660 (14,15), although phosphorylation at Ser565 by glycogen synthase kinase, AMP-dependent protein kinase, or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II has been reported to prevent activation of the enzyme" SIGNOR-249203 APBA2 protein Q99767 UNIPROT STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 9395480 t miannu "Munc18-1 is a neuronal protein that interacts with syntaxin 1 and is required for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We have now identified two Munc18-1-interacting proteins called Mint1 and Mint2 that may mediate the function of Munc18-1." SIGNOR-264037 BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16713561 t gcesareni "The cyclin d1 elevation is caused not by increased p65/p50 action but rather by increased nuclear activity of bcl-3-associated nf-kappab p50 and p52." SIGNOR-146768 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24315690 t miannu "In addition to the possible regulation of the transcription factor c-Jun by phosphorylation via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or the kinases ERK1, ERK2 and GSK3β, further signaling pathways lead to an up-regulation of c-Jun protein and thus AP-1 activity" SIGNOR-253340 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser34 HKRRRSRsWSSSSDR 9606 BTO:0000567 20682768 t lperfetto "Akt directly binds to and phosphorylates clk2 on serine 34 and threonine 127, in vitro and in vivo.Our results suggest that akt activation controls cell survival to ionizing radiation by phosphorylating clk2, revealing an important regulatory mechanism required for promoting cell surviva" SIGNOR-244214 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22795133 t lperfetto "Oct4 and Nanog upregulate Dnmt1 through direct binding to its promoter, thereby leading to the repressed expression of p16 and p21 and genes associated with development and lineage differentiation" SIGNOR-253158 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr55 DDIEQWFtEDPGPDE 9606 20124405 t llicata "Grk5, but not grk2 or grk6, phosphorylates p53 at thr-55, which promotes the degradation of p53, leading to inhibition of p53-dependent apoptotic response to genotoxic damage." SIGNOR-163707 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GMFB protein P60983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 QHDDGRVsYPLCFIF -1 9030586 t miannu "Protein kinase A (PKA)-phosphorylated GMF is a potent inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and enhancer of p38; both are subfamilies of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, suggesting GMF as a bifunctional regulator of the MAP kinase cascades. PKA is capable of phosphorylating threonine 26 and serine 82." SIGNOR-249983 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr273 LGQRIYQyIQSRFYR 9606 10910078 t lperfetto "Mirk kinase is activated by autophosphorylation on tyrosine at the y271/y273 site" SIGNOR-79810 VKORC1L1 protein Q8N0U8 UNIPROT "vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:28384 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "The epoxide form of vitamin K is reduced by epoxide reductase (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1; VKORC1 or vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1-like 1; VKORC1L1) to a reduced form and then to the reduced hydroquinone form" SIGNOR-265903 DHCR7 protein Q9UBM7 UNIPROT cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9634533 t miannu "In cholesterol biosynthesis, 7-DHC is converted to cholesterol by the enzyme sterol D7 -reductase. This NADPH-dependent enzyme catalyzes the reduction of the D7 -diene bond in 7-DHC, to form cholesterol." SIGNOR-267252 TMIGD2 protein Q96BF3 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 32978258 t miannu " Upon activation by autophagy stimuli, IGPR-1 is phosphorylated at Ser220 via IKKβ. IGPR-1 acts as a pro-autophagy signaling receptor leading to activation of AMPK. " SIGNOR-273665 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT MPO-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C474 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000133 15972951 f lperfetto "Second, LPS-mediated aggravation of anti-MPO IgG-induced glomerulonephritis was attenuated, but not prevented, by pretreatment with neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibodies." SIGNOR-270588 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AHNAK protein Q09666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser5099 DVEFDIKsPKFKAEA 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262763 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR FCN2 protein Q15485 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11907111 t lperfetto "H-ficolin binds to PSA, a polysaccharide produced by Aerococcus viridans. C4 was activated by H-ficolin preparations bound to PSA which had been coated on ELISA plates." SIGNOR-263407 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 RFIGSPRtPVSPVKF 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 11705993 t gcesareni "The principal target of rapamycin-induced p70s6k inactivation is a novel phosphorylation site within a conserved hydrophobic domain." SIGNOR-111511 CYSLTR2 protein Q9NS75 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257140 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR "AIM2 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C222 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f miannu "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-263126 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 19777442 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk-1 map kinase prevents tnf-induced apoptosis through bad phosphorylation and inhibition of bax translocation in hela cells." SIGNOR-270037 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr301 LGYRDSGyYWEVPPS 9534 BTO:0004055 9020159 t lperfetto "A-raf behaves like raf-1, being weakly activated by oncogenic ras more strongly activated by oncogenic src, and these signals synergize to give maximal activation. Activation of Raf-1 and A-Raf by Src requires tyrosine phosphorylation at residues 340 and 341 in Raf-1 and 301 and 302 in A-Raf." SIGNOR-236037 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 11867623 t Luana "Sp1 and Sp3 Activate Transcription Driven by the AS Promoter" SIGNOR-268020 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser696 SSGARRPsLDSMENQ 9606 BTO:0000938 20682772 t llicata "Furthermore, we find that activation of protein kinase a (pka) by forskolin reduces the recruitment of shp2 to ret and negatively affects ligand-mediated neurite outgrowth. In agreement with this, mutation of ser(696), a known pka phosphorylation site in ret, enhances shp2 binding to the receptor and eliminates the effect of forskolin on ligand-induced outgrowth." SIGNOR-167349 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR IRF2BP1 protein Q8IU81 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271057 LSM-1231 chemical CHEBI:91471 ChEBI NTRK3 protein Q16288 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258240 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270724 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser505 LNTSYPLsPLSDFAT 9606 BTO:0000132 8910365 t lperfetto "These results provide the first direct evidence that p38 kinase is responsible for cpla2 phosphorylation in sfllrn-stimulated platelets and is involved in the early phosphorylation of cpla2 in thrombin-stimulated platelets" SIGNOR-44673 "Calprotectin complex" complex SIGNOR-C293 SIGNOR AGER protein Q15109 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 28137827 t miannu "RAGE and TLR4 are well-characterized S100A8 and S100A9 receptors and expressed in AML cells Once secreted, S100A8 and S100A9 induce immune and inflammatory responses9 through interaction with receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE), and CD33" SIGNOR-262825 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT ATP1A1 protein P05023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser16 KYEPAAVsEQGDKKG 9606 BTO:0000018 12671055 t miannu "Na,K-ATPase alpha(1) subunit was phosphorylated by PKC in hypoxia-treated AEC. In AEC treated with a PKC-zeta antagonist peptide or with the Na,K-ATPase alpha(1) subunit lacking the PKC phosphorylation site (Ser-18), hypoxia failed to decrease Na,K-ATPase abundance and function." SIGNOR-263181 ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "Active raf phosphorylates mek." SIGNOR-244809 GRK7 protein Q8WTQ7 UNIPROT GRK7 protein Q8WTQ7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser490 YAKDIAEiDDFSEVR 9606 15946941 t Manara "In the absence of PKA, GRK1 and GRK7 are autophosphorylated | The mutants, S490A-GRK7 and S490E-GRK7, do not undergo autophosphorylation, indicating that Ser490 is the only autophosphorylation site in GRK7" SIGNOR-260838 CLTB protein P09497 UNIPROT "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260677 MAP4K5 protein Q9Y4K4 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 16914735 t lperfetto "Gckr can phosphorylate an n-terminal recombinant fusion protein of gsk3beta and enhance the in vivo phosphorylation of gsk3beta on serine 9reduction of gckr expression inhibits wnt3a-induced phosphorylation of gsk3beta at serine 9 and decreases the accumulation of cytosolic _-catenin." SIGNOR-228006 PCK2 protein Q16822 UNIPROT phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24632615 t miannu "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) is a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Two isoforms exist, a cytoplasmic form (PCK1, PEPCK-C) and a mitochondrial isoform (PCK2, PEPCK-M). PEPCK activity is present at significant levels in the liver, but also in the kidney and in brown and white adipose tissue. PEPCK, which converts oxaloacetate (OAA) to PEP, has an important role in glucose formation, but also for the generation of glycerol and serine." SIGNOR-266557 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser741 TKADKRRsVRIGSYI 9606 7539802 t miannu "Phosphorylation of kit/scfr by pkc-_ in vitro: identification of ser-741 and ser-746 as the major phosphorylation sites for pkc / pkc, which acts in an scf-stimulated feedback loop, that negatively controls kit/scfr kinase activity" SIGNOR-28601 TUFM protein P49411 UNIPROT ATG5 protein Q9H1Y0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 33113344 t miannu "PINK1 interacts with the autophagy effector TUFm and phosphorylates TUFm at Ser222. These results indicated that p222-hTUFm sequestered more monomer Atg5 and reduced the conjugated Atg5-Atg12 complex to subdue mitophagy." SIGNOR-266383 IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT MKI67 protein P46013 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30518405 f miannu "We further demonstrated that IMPDH2 overexpression accelerated G1/S phase cell cycle transition by inducing increased expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 and downregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. More importantly, G1/S phase cell cycle transition was triggered by IMPDH2 through activation of AKT activity, downregulation of mTOR and FOXO1 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-260958 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 9606 BTO:0000568 10747897 t llicata "Furthermore, we demonstrate that anisomycin- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-392, which is important for the transcriptional activity of this growth suppressor protein, requires p38 MAP kinase and CK2 activities." SIGNOR-250967 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr498 KTPPAPKtPPSSGEP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249351 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 RERSRTGsESSQTGT 9606 15071500 t gcesareni "S6k1/s6k2 specifically phosphorylate ser422 in vitro. Substitution of ser422 with ala results in a loss of activity in an in vivo translation assay, indicating that phosphorylation of this site plays an important role in eif4b function." SIGNOR-123997 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NFX1 protein Q12986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271015 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFB protein Q9Y5Q3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18042454 t miannu "We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity." SIGNOR-159476 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 10581258 t gcesareni "In mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-72691 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR PPP1R1A protein Q13522 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation 10116 11278334 t "inferred from 70% family members" "In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. | However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation." SIGNOR-269991 TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-267039 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Ile-tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29160 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269532 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29179 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24095058 t miannu "As a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction that charges serine onto its cognate tRNA for protein synthesis" SIGNOR-270493 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 10090 BTO:0000331 11907276 t amattioni "Caspase-3 cleaves parp-1. During cd95-mediated apoptosis proteolytic inactivation of parp-1 by caspases prevents atp depletion and thereby ensures the execution of the apoptotic process" SIGNOR-116178 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr59 EGYDELQtDGNRSSH 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-250979 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 SIGNOR-C15 15866171 t gcesareni "Ampk activation induces phosphorylation of p53 on serine 15, and this phosphorylation is required to initiate ampk-dependent cell-cycle arrest" SIGNOR-135960 GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT CYP27B1 protein O15528 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15947108 f miannu "Identification of growth factor independent-1 (GFI1) as a repressor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha hydroxylase (CYP27B1) gene expression in human prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-254205 UMPS protein P11172 UNIPROT "orotic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16742 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18020427 t miannu "Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase, EC 2.4.2.10) catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent condensation of orotic acid (OA) with PRPP (5-alpha-d-phosphorylribose 1-diphosphate) to yield diphosphate (PPi) and the nucleotide OMP (orotidine 5'-monophosphate)." SIGNOR-253580 "5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:76223 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22091869 t Luana " Here we report the application of STD-NMR to characterize the binding of the anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen, diclofenac, and ketorolac to COX-1 and COX-2. " SIGNOR-258324 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser554 RTPPKSPsSAKSRLQ -1 8999860 t miannu "Muscle phosphorylase kinase phosphorylates Ser237, Ser262, Ser285, Ser305, and Ser352 of human tau. in vitro phosphorylation of tau on Ser262 alone strongly reduced the ability of tau to bind microtubules whereas the phosphorylation of many Ser/Thr-Pro motif sites of tau showed moderate effects on the binding of tau to microtubules" SIGNOR-250283 MBTPS1 protein Q14703 UNIPROT CREB3L1 protein Q96BA8 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 16417584 t miannu "Cleavage of oasis by site-1 and site-2 proteases / oasis is cleaved at the membrane under er stress conditions and that its cleaved n-terminal domain translocates into the nucleus;and then activates transcription of target genes" SIGNOR-143785 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT CUEDC1 protein Q9NWM3 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272682 TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20404851 f lperfetto "The negative regulation of TLR-induced responses is important for sup- pressing inflammation and deleterious immune responses." SIGNOR-216304 GNRH1 protein P01148 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19106114 f miannu "GNRH1 induces expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), which interacts with steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1) to regulate Lhb promoter activity." SIGNOR-254917 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10224067 f gcesareni "These studies establish that hpk1 acts as an upstream activator for the tak1-sek-jnk1 module in relaying the tgf-_ signal into the nuclei in 293t cells." SIGNOR-67321 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser359 GTEEKCGsPQVRTLS 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 11500363 t lperfetto "Sapk4/p38delta phosphorylated eef2k at ser359 in vitro, causing its inactivation." SIGNOR-109703 NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10898795 t miannu "The POZ domains of BCL-6 and several other POZ proteins interact with corepressors N-CoR and SMRT." SIGNOR-252240 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10567369 t lperfetto "An ERK2-binding site at the N terminus of MEK1 was reported to mediate their stable association. We examined the importance of this binding site in the feedback phosphorylation of mek1 on thr(292) and thr(386) by erk2" SIGNOR-244858 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16456541 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Iex-1 binds to b56 subunits and perk independently, enhances b56 phosphorylation by erk at a conserved ser/pro site in this complex and triggers dissociation from the catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-270101 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 17384642 t lperfetto "The formation of smad7-tab2 and smad7-tab3 complexes resulted in the suppression of tnf signaling" SIGNOR-153917 "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 16418530 t lperfetto "In response to agonist stimulation, the αIIbβ3 integrin on platelets is converted to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation." SIGNOR-253359 midostaurin chemical CHEBI:63452 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 12124173 t "PKC412 is a potent inhibitor of mutant FLT3 and is a candidate for testing as an antileukemia agent in AML patients with mutant FLT3 receptors." SIGNOR-256308 LRRFIP1 protein Q32MZ4 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 14522076 t Luana "GC-binding factor 2 (GCF2) is a transcriptional repressor that decreases activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other genes. |Deletion mutants of GCF2 revealed that amino acids 429–528 are required for both DNA binding and repression of the EGFR promoter." SIGNOR-266057 SYNE3 protein Q6ZMZ3 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263284 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16510869 t gcesareni "Unexpectedly, however, emerging evidence implicate maml proteins as exciting key transcriptional co-activators in other signal transduction pathways including: muscle differentiation and myopathies (mef2c), tumor suppressor pathway (p53) and colon carcinoma survival (beta-catenin)." SIGNOR-144913 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT RAC2 protein P15153 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9482736 t gcesareni "Posh interacts with the gtp form of rac but not the gdp form" SIGNOR-55811 PF-5274857 chemical CID:56956240 PUBCHEM SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206058 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NOX5 protein Q96PH1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr540 KRLSRSVtMRKSQRS 9606 24505490 t llicata "A constitutively active form of pkc? Robustly increased basal and pma-stimulated nox5 activity and promoted the phosphorylation of nox5 on ser490, thr494, and ser498." SIGNOR-204554 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT SAP18 protein O00422 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11960000 t gcesareni "Here we report that the mouse homolog of su(fu) [msu(fu)] specifically interacts with sap18, a component of the msin3 and histone deacetylase complex. In addition, we demonstrate that msu(fu) functionally cooperates with sap18 to repress transcription by recruiting the sap18-msin3 complex to promoters containing the gli-binding element." SIGNOR-117311 NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0004168;BTO:0003227 31113871 f lperfetto "We found that the protein levels of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) were increased in NPTX1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 and MHCC-97h cells relative to control cells. In contrast, decreased levels of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were found in NPTX1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 and MHCC-97h cells relative to control" SIGNOR-260410 PPAT protein Q06203 UNIPROT "Purine biosynthesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH186 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 28029518 f "The first reaction in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway is the conversion of PRPP to 5-phosphoribosylamine (PRA) by PRPP amidotransferase (PPAT) and is presumed to be rate-limiting." SIGNOR-267188 MST1 protein P26927 UNIPROT MST1R protein Q04912 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8062829 t gcesareni "P185ron is a tyrosine kinase activated by msp" SIGNOR-31107 TRIM24 protein O15164 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 19844164 t miannu "New ring-domain e3-ubiquitin ligase trim24 that targets p53 for degradation" SIGNOR-188726 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 BTO:0001286 17254968 t llicata "Furthermore, we show that prak activates p53 by direct phosphorylation. prak phosphorylates p53 at ser37" SIGNOR-152847 TULP3 protein O75386 UNIPROT GPR161 protein Q8N6U8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 23332756 t "Upon knockdown of Tulp3 using siRNA in IMCD3 cells, ciliary localization of Gpr161 was severely reduced" SIGNOR-259938 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 HNPISSVs 9606 9136927 t fspada "Here, we report that bmp receptors phosphorylate and activate smad1 directly. Phosphorylation of smad1 in vivo involves serines in the carboxy-terminal motif ssxs. These residues are phosphorylated directly by a bmp type i receptor in vitro" SIGNOR-249649 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr611 ETLPISStPSKSVLP 9606 19737929 t lperfetto "A conserved phosphorylation site within the forkhead domain of foxm1b is required for its activation by cyclin-cdk1further analysis reveals that the leu-641 residue within an lxl motif is required for the recruitment of the cyclin-cdk complex, and the thr-596 residue is a critical cdk1 phosphorylation site within the activation domain of foxm1b. Cdk-dependent phosphorylation stimulates the foxm1b transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-216837 SNRPF protein P62306 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270682 4-(2-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-4-imidazolyl)-N-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-2-pyrimidinamine chemical CHEBI:91419 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190176 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253484 WIF1 protein Q9Y5W5 UNIPROT WNT8A protein Q9H1J5 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10201374 t gcesareni "Here we describe wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (wif-1), a secreted protein that binds to wnt proteins and inhibits their activities." SIGNOR-66892 SELENOS protein Q9BQE4 UNIPROT DERL1 protein Q9BUN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15215856 t miannu "VIMP mediates p97 binding to hDerlin-1. these data suggest that Derlin-1 and VIMP form a membrane protein complex that serves as a receptor for p97." SIGNOR-261370 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22012619 t miannu "We identified a 70-kda cyclin k (cyck) that binds cdk12 and cdk13 to form two different complexes (cyck/cdk12 or cyck/cdk13) in human cells" SIGNOR-176844 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser143 FHPNVSSsHENLEPE 9606 22609948 t lperfetto "Ck1_/__dependent phosphorylation of dvl2 at s143 and t224and that this event is critical to interact with plk1 in early stages of the cell cycle" SIGNOR-197547 PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser232 NRYGMGTsVERAAAS -1 7782287 t gcesareni "Sites 1, 2, and 3 in the E1 mutants were phosphorylated either individually or in the presence of the other sites by the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase-protein X-E1 kinase indicating a site-independent mechanism of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-32977 CLTA protein P09496 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24789820 t lperfetto "AP2 adaptor complexes, associated at the membrane with PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2), recruit clathin triskelions to initiate lattice assembly. " SIGNOR-260667 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr200 SMESIDDyVNVPESG 9606 BTO:0000782 16938345 t gcesareni "Evidence of lat as a dual substrate for lck and syk in t lymphocytes.Lat is a linker protein essential for activation of t lymphocytes. Its rapid tyrosine-phosphorylation upon t cell receptor (tcr) stimulation recruits downstream signaling molecules for membrane targeting and activation." SIGNOR-149182 MED18 protein Q9BUE0 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266672 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PIK3R6 protein Q5UE93 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr607 SHRPREVtVSLRATG 25753393 t lperfetto "P84 forms a negative regulatory complex with p110gamma to control PI3Kgamma signalling during cell migration|However, phosphorylation at this site was confirmed using an in vitro kinase assay in which Akt kinase was shown to readily phosphorylate Thr607 using a p84 peptide (Figure 1e), where Thr607 in conjunction with surrounding residues forms an Akt kinase consensus sequence|In contrast, although p84-T607A exhibited basal p110γ dimerisation, this interaction could not be further induced with stimulation" SIGNOR-275722 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 18094043 t lperfetto "We further demonstrate that the myogenic transcription factor, MyoD, and its heterodimeric binding proteins E12 and E47, up-regulate the expression of endogenous VEGF through direct interaction with the VEGF promoter." SIGNOR-257598 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24708856 t miannu "We found overexpression of miR-155 led to increase in cJUN, FOS and TRIB2, and decrease in MEIS1, GFI1, cMYC and JARID2." SIGNOR-255767 RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-270299 CYP11B1 protein P15538 UNIPROT 11-deoxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16973 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268683 HOXD13 protein P35453 UNIPROT EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16314414 f miannu "We show that hoxd13 andhoxa13activate transcription from the epha7 promoter and that a mutation of thehoxa13/hoxd13 binding site was sufficient to abolish activation." SIGNOR-142453 WASHC1 protein A8K0Z3 UNIPROT "WASH complex" complex SIGNOR-C258 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23721880 t lperfetto "The WASH complex is composed of five proteins: KIAA1033 (also known as SWIP), Strumpellin, FAM21, WASH1 and CCDC53." SIGNOR-261020 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR DTYMK protein P23919 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16103219 t miannu "We demonstrate that TMPK is recognized and degraded by APC/C-Cdc20/Cdh1-mediated pathways from mitosis to the early G1 phase, whereas TK1 is targeted for degradation by APC/C-Cdh1 after mitotic exit. " SIGNOR-272653 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser425 SIRCSSVs 10090 BTO:0005493;BTO:0000165 19458083 t lperfetto "A major event leading to Smad3 activation is the TGF-beta-induced, TbetaRI-mediated phosphorylation at two C-terminal serine residues, Ser-423 and Ser-425, which triggers dissociation of Smad3 from its receptors to form a complex with Smad4 and accumulate in the nucleus" SIGNOR-235380 RASGEF1C protein Q8N431 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-161508 NECTIN2 protein Q92692 UNIPROT CD226 protein Q15762 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000914 15039383 t lperfetto "CD226 (DNAM-1) is an adhesion molecule involved in NK and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against certain tumors. Here, we have identified the human poliovirus receptor-related (PRR) family members CD155 [poliovirus receptor (PVR)] and CD112 (nectin-2/PRR-2) as the ligands for human CD226." SIGNOR-261426 somatostatin smallmolecule CHEBI:64628 ChEBI SSTR1 protein P30872 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257581 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11737269 t lpetrilli "Smad6 interacts with tak1 and tab1, and smad7 with tab1. The interaction of i-smads with tak1 and/or tab1 implies that several mechanisms exist underlying the repression of the tak1-p38 kinase pathway by i-smads." SIGNOR-112642 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19637194 f irozzo "In our analysis of FBP1 shRNA-transduced Hep3B cells, we found that p21 mRNA levels increase following FBP1 knockdown, suggesting that FBP1 functions as a repressor of p21. Our results identify the tumor suppressor p21 as the second direct FBP1 target gene in addition to the proto-oncogene c-myc." SIGNOR-259125 HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT UMOD protein P07911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18846391 f miannu "UMOD transcription is activated by the transcription factor HNF1B." SIGNOR-254441 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI TAL2 protein Q16559 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24816818 f irozzo "These results demonstrate for the first time that atRA induces Tal2 expression in P19 cells, and suggest that TAL2 commits to the acquisition of neural fate in brain development." SIGNOR-259087 SAMM50 protein Q9Y512 UNIPROT "SAM complex" complex SIGNOR-C422 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 31387448 t lperfetto "The SAM complex of the outer membrane mediates insertion of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. hSam50 associates with MTX1 and MTX2." SIGNOR-267683 MMP10 protein P09238 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272355 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PDE4D protein Q08499-2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser579 YQSTIPQsPSPAPDD 9606 10828059 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-5" llicata "The pde4d2 isoform is inhibited by erk2 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-77563 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser120 GRNIIHGsDSVESAE 9606 18234856 t lperfetto "Application of this approach to the discovery of cdk1-cyclin b substrates yielded identification of >70 substrates and phosphorylation sites. Many of these sites are known to be phosphorylated in vivo, but most of the proteins have not been characterized as cdk1-cyclin b substrates." SIGNOR-216825 IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12692549 f lperfetto "The transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-B are required for the expression of many genes involved in the innate immune response." SIGNOR-216316 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR MCM3 protein P25205 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr722 EEMPQVHtPKTADSQ 9606 21965652 t lperfetto "In this study, we demonstrate that mcm3 is a substrate of cyclin e/cdk2 and can be phosphorylated by cyclin e/cdk2 at thr-722." SIGNOR-216694 CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12032779 f miannu "Several different transcription factors have been implicated in the down-regulation of c-myc expression during differentiation, including C/EBPalpha, CTCF, BLIMP-1, and RFX1." SIGNOR-253827 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT BAG3 protein O95817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 18413740 f lperfetto "In contrast, an increase in BAG-1, BAG-3, and BAG-4 gene expression was observed in HCT116 cells overexpressing either DNMT1 (DNMT1+) or DNMT3B (DNMT3B+)" SIGNOR-254110 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 22195016 t "Our results elucidate a negative feedback circuit in which IGF-1-stimulated miR-133 in turn represses IGF-1R expression to modulate the IGF-1R signaling pathway during skeletal myogenesis." SIGNOR-255915 SHMT1 protein P34896 UNIPROT 4-trimethylammoniobutanal smallmolecule CHEBI:18020 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "HTMLA might be identical to serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT; EC 2.1.2.1), since it has been shown that SHMT purified from rabbit liver acts upon HTML, yielding TMABA and glycine." SIGNOR-269688 MKX protein Q8IYA7 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001592 33115953 t miannu "MKX is a meniscus-enriched transcription factor. In human meniscus cells, MKX regulates the expression of meniscus marker genes, OA-related genes, and other transcription factors, including Scleraxis (SCX), SRY Box 5 (SOX5), and Runt domain-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)." SIGNOR-267215 "prostaglandin E2" smallmolecule CHEBI:15551 ChEBI GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16293724 t gcesareni "Although pge2 promotes nucleotide exchange on gas and subsequent dissociation of gtp-bound gas from gbg subunits." SIGNOR-141820 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10090 11865049 t miannu "We show here that mPer proteins, negative limbs of the autoregulatory loop, are specific substrates for CKIepsilon and CKIdelta. The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-267999 RDH5 protein Q92781 UNIPROT retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS10" SIGNOR-265113 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1100 QGCRRRHsSETFSST 9606 17360977 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 initiates insulin signaling, whereas serine/threonine phosphorylation alters the ability of IRS-1 to transduce the insulin signalInsulin increased the phosphorylation of Ser312, Ser616, Ser636, Ser892, Ser1101, and Ser1223" SIGNOR-235675 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser719 PCTPRLRsVSSYGNI 9606 SIGNOR-C3 18722121 t llicata "Ser719, ser721, and ser722 are the predominant rsk-dependent phosphorylation sites in raptor raptor phosphorylation regulates mtorc1 activity" SIGNOR-252772 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr185 TSFMMTPyVVTRYYR 9606 BTO:0000007 9724739 t gcesareni "MKK4/7, in turn, phosphorylates JNK on residues 183 and 185 (17ƒ‚€“20). Activated JNK phosphorylates its substrates, c-Jun, ATF2, ELK1, and p53" SIGNOR-249654 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 15780598 t lperfetto "Upon ligand binding, IL-2R , IL-6R or LeptinR , IFN-_R , IFN-_R and PRLR or growth hormone (GH) receptor associated JAKs become activated. These JAKs mediate phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues and recruit STATs. Activated STATs are released from the receptor and translocate to the nucleus. PTP1B dephosphorylates JAK2, TYK2 and STAT5 . The 45-kDa form of TC-PTP was shown to dephosphorylate JAK1 and JAK3 as well as STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5." SIGNOR-133547 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ZYX protein Q15942 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser142 PQPREKVsSIDLEID 9606 17572661 t llicata "Akt binds and phosphorylates zyxin on serine 142, leading to its association with acinus zyxin is a substrate of caspases, but akt phosphorylation fails to protect its proteolytic degradation" SIGNOR-156122 ING3 protein Q9NXR8 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269294 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser387 ETGLYRIsGCDRTVK 9606 BTO:0000567 12689593 t lperfetto "We also report that aurora b phosphorylates mgcracgap on serine residues and that this modification induces latent gap activity toward rhoa in vitro." SIGNOR-100569 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr9 EGISNFKtPSKLSEK 9606 SIGNOR-C17 15541388 t llicata "Topk-thr-9 was phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin b and topk significantly associates with mitotic spindles." SIGNOR-130439 AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264941 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr534 NFLMDNAyFCEADAK 10029 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248420 RAGAC complex SIGNOR-C113 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 20381137 t lperfetto "The Rag GTPases interact with mTORC1 and are proposed to activate it in response to amino acids by promoting mTORC1 translocation to a membrane-bound compartment that contains the mTORC1 activator, Rheb" SIGNOR-228657 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr180 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9606 17126298 t gcesareni "Dually phosphorylated on thr-180 and tyr-182 by the map2ks map2k3/mkk3, map2k4/mkk4 and map2k6/mkk6 in response to inflammatory citokines, environmental stress or growth factors, which activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-150875 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr235 SSSSPPGtPSPADAK 9606 SIGNOR-C83 22369944 t fspada "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that cdk2/cyclina phosphorylates c/ebpbeta on thr(188) and is required for phosphorylation (on ser(184) or thr(179)) of c/ebpbeta by gsk3beta and maintenance of dna binding activity." SIGNOR-196372 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17525747 t gcesareni "Our studies revealed a novel mechanism in which phosphorylation of jnk2 is mediated by jnk1 before phosphorylation of p53, and then p53 is directly phosphorylated by jnk2 at ser6." SIGNOR-155205 ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 15916964 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of atf2 by jnk/p38 on thr69/71 is prerequisite to its transcriptional activities" SIGNOR-137639 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 BTO:0000887 10944526 t lperfetto "Our results provide direct evidence that myod acetylation functionally activates the protein and show that both pcaf and cbp/p300 are candidate enzymes for myod acetylation in vivo." SIGNOR-217220 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12432220 f irozzo "Furthermore, GATA-1 has been shown to auto-regulate its own gene expression." SIGNOR-256057 HARS1 protein P12081 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10430027 t miannu "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. This amino acid has uniquely moderate basic properties and is an important group in many catalytic functions of enzymes." SIGNOR-270489 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004479 29507660 f irozzo "FLT3-ITD is the most frequent tyrosine kinase mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with poor prognosis. We previously reported that activation of STAT5 confers resistance to PI3K/Akt inhibitors on the FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell line MV4-11 and 32D cells driven by FLT3-ITD (32D/ITD) but not by FLT3 mutated in the tyrosine kinase domain (32D/TKD). Here, we report the involvement of Pim kinases expressed through STAT5 activation in acquisition of this resistance." SIGNOR-255733 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C85 12419246 t gcesareni "Ski also represses bmp signaling through interactions with smad4 and bmp-specific r-smads, smad1 or smad7" SIGNOR-195636 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1016 DVVDADEyLIPQQGF 9606 BTO:0000567 10653583 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "After binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF), the EGF receptor (EGFR) becomes autophosphorylated via tyrosine." SIGNOR-236475 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr861 PIGNQHIyQPVGKPD 9606 BTO:0000671 15694384 t llicata "Once stimulated, fak undergoes autophosphorylation at tyrosine (y) 397, followed by phosphorylation of several sites including y576/y577 which increases fak's kinase activity, as well as at y407, y861, and y925." SIGNOR-133849 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser545 PTSATKTsPLNSSGS 10090 BTO:0000964 34048556 t lperfetto "Once an oocyte resumes meiosis, activated CDK1 and ERK1/2 cooperatively mediate the phosphorylation of three serine residues of PAPalpha, 537, 545 and 558, thereby leading to increased activity." SIGNOR-268339 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr34 FLEGCACtPERMAEA 9606 11861764 t gcesareni "Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family that has been implicated in both apoptosis inhibition and regulation of mitosisin synchronized cultures, cytosolic survivin abruptly increased at mitosis, physically associated with p34(cdc2), and was phosphorylated by p34(cdc2) on thr(34), in vivo" SIGNOR-115129 AMER1 protein Q5JTC6 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 21304492 t lperfetto "Amer1 binds ck1gamma, recruits axin and gsk3beta to the plasma membrane and promotes complex formation between axin and lrp6." SIGNOR-227991 DCAF1 protein Q9Y4B6 UNIPROT EDVP complex SIGNOR-C530 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19287380 t miannu "We named this E3 ligase complex containing EDD, DDB1 and VPRBP proteins as EDVP complex to distinguish it from the previously identified Cul4-Roc1-DDB1-VPRBP E3 ligase complex. " SIGNOR-271789 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr366 ASSSTSVtPDVSDNE -1 12297295 t llicata "We used mass spectrometric methods to identify Ser(370) and Ser(385) as in vivo phosphorylation sites of PTEN. These sites also are phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro, and phosphorylation inhibits PTEN activity towards its substrate, PIP3. We also identify a novel in vivo phosphorylation site, Thr(366). " SIGNOR-250940 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PLSCR3 protein Q9NRY6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr21 PPPPYPVtPGYPEPA 9606 16267027 t gcesareni "Ad198-activated pkc-delta induces phosphorylation of mitochondrial pls3 at thr21;pls3 is a critical downstream effector of pkc-delta in ad198-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-140759 FANCG protein O15287 UNIPROT SPTAN1 protein Q13813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0000773 19102630 t lperfetto "In FA cells, deficiencies in FA proteins lead to decreased stability of alphaRIISp |These results demonstrate that one of the FA proteins, FANCG, contains a motif that interacts directly with the SH3 domain of alphaIISp. We propose that this binding of FANCG to alphaIISp may be important for the stability of alphaIISp in cells and the role alphaIISp plays in the DNA repair process.|" SIGNOR-263275 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253439 "Class II MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C429 SIGNOR TCR complex SIGNOR-C153 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31001252 t scontino "The interaction of T-cell receptors (TCRs) with self- and non-self-peptides in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) stimulates crucial signaling events, which in turn can activate T lymphocytes." SIGNOR-267992 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser500 RLHLPRAsAVALEVQ -1 11171059 t miannu "EEF-2K can be phosphorylated in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and that this induces significant Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-independent eEF-2K activity. sites of phosphorylation were Ser-365 and Ser-499" SIGNOR-250444 CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 12665513 f lperfetto "Here we show that m2 muscarinic receptors and go require taos and mek3/6 as the primary intermediates activating p38 mapk in 293 cells" SIGNOR-235536 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT KSR1 protein Q8IVT5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser406 TRLRRTEsVPSDINN 9606 11741534 t gcesareni "C-tak1 constitutively associates with mammalian ksr1 and phosphorylates serine 392 to confer 14-3-3 binding and cytoplasmic sequestration of ksr1 in unstimulated cells. In response to signal activation, the phosphorylation state of s392 is reduced, allowing the ksr1 complex to colocalize with activated ras and raf-1 at the plasma membrane" SIGNOR-112779 PIAS3 protein Q9Y6X2 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14691252 t lperfetto "We have further shown that PIAS3, Smad3, and p300 can form a ternary complex, which is significantly increased by TGF-_ treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that PIAS3 stimulates Smad transcriptional activity through formation of a complex with Smad proteins and p300/CBP." SIGNOR-217725 DPYD protein Q12882 UNIPROT thymine smallmolecule CHEBI:17821 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10499634 t "Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is responsible for degradation of the pyrimidines uracil and thymine and the inactivation of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. DPD activity is highly variable in cancer populations, and this variation may influence the antitumor efficacy of 5-fluorouracil." SIGNOR-253989 ASPA protein P45381 UNIPROT N-acetyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16953 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17194761 t miannu "N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) is one of the most abundant amino acid derivatives found in the vertebrate brain, second only to glutamate. Aspartoacylase catalyzes hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-aspartate to aspartate and acetate in the vertebrate brain." SIGNOR-267526 BIRC7 protein Q96CA5 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000848 15485396 t gcesareni "These results suggest that ml-iap might regulate apoptosis by sequestering smac and preventing it from antagonizing xiap-mediated caspases, rather than by direct caspases." SIGNOR-129869 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18177723 f lperfetto "Interestingly, since IL-6 production by nerve-mediated skeletal muscle contraction has recently been shown to be partly dependent on the activation of the calcineurin pathway |The fact that IL-6 is produced not only by proliferating satellite cells but also by growing myofibers during hypertrophy" SIGNOR-251733 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser363 RVTACTPsDGPGGGA 9606 BTO:0000007 11040053 t gcesareni "Taken together, we have demonstrated that agonist-induced opioid receptor phosphorylation occurs exclusively at two phosphate acceptor sites (T358 and S363) of GRK2 at the DOR carboxyl terminus." SIGNOR-249660 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SP1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C74 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19723038 t miannu "Sp1 and stat3 seem to synergistically augment renalase transcription." SIGNOR-187790 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT P300/PCAF complex SIGNOR-C7 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21131905 t lperfetto "Histone acetyltransferases (hats) gcn5 and pcaf (gcn5/pcaf) and cbp and p300 (cbp/p300) are transcription co-activators." SIGNOR-170276 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "long-chain fatty acid anion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57560 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269658 nepicastat chemical CHEBI:139334 ChEBI DBH protein P09172 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194625 EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser445 SGDSGYPsEKRGELD 9606 22669845 t gcesareni "The combination of eef2k autophosphorylation (targeting ser445) and a yet to be identified kinase (targeting ser441) would be needed to generate the eef2k phosphodegron specifically in response to dna damage." SIGNOR-197725 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr220 QSNYIPEtPPPGYIS 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of smad2 by erk increases its transcriptional activity /thr220 and ser245, ser250, and ser255 were possible phosphorylation sites. The phosphorylation of peak a peptide by erk1 is consistent with that prediction." SIGNOR-244731 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14988395 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Insulin-activated erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 at serine residues 432 and 455 in vivo.Further characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and promoter reporter gene analyses revealed that phosphorylation does not influence protein/dna interaction, but enhances trans-activity." SIGNOR-270141 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20824124 t "Several cytokine receptors share subchains and targets. For example, the common gamma chain (CGC) is shared by IL2, IL4, IL7, IL9 and IL15 receptors that lead to the activation of STAT5" SIGNOR-254298 NLGN4X protein Q8N0W4 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9HDB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264170 MLN protein P12872 UNIPROT MLNR protein O43193 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10381885 t gcesareni "A heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (g protein)-coupled receptor for motilin was isolated from human stomach" SIGNOR-68721 GUCY1B2 protein O75343 UNIPROT GUCY1A3-B2 complex SIGNOR-C139 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "This enzyme is a heterodimeric protein consisting of - and ²-subunits, and expression of both subunits is required for catalytic activity" SIGNOR-244119 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GMFB protein P60983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr27 KFRFRKEtNNAAIIM -1 9030586 t miannu "Protein kinase A (PKA)-phosphorylated GMF is a potent inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and enhancer of p38; both are subfamilies of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, suggesting GMF as a bifunctional regulator of the MAP kinase cascades. PKA is capable of phosphorylating threonine 26 and serine 82." SIGNOR-249984 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT Erythrocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH104 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004911 12032775 f "The zinc finger transcription factor GATA-1, a central mediator of erythroid gene expression, interacts with multiple proteins including FOG-1, EKLF, SP1, CBP/p300 and PU.1." SIGNOR-259962 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR DHPS protein P49366 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser233 KNHIPVFsPALTDGS 9606 BTO:0000007 32989218 t miannu "The Ser-233 phosphorylation of DHPS by ERK1/2 is important for its function in cell proliferation." SIGNOR-266376 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C110 18662541 t gcesareni "The phosphatase cdc14b translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and induces the activation of the ubiquitin ligase apc/ccdh1" SIGNOR-179636 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9HDB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264171 CHIR-124 chemical CID:11502647 PUBCHEM FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190976 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT KCNJ1 protein P48048 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr337 SKTKEGKyRVDFHNF 9606 12556363 t flangone "Inhibition of c-src with herbimycin a significantly decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation level of romk1... tyrosine dephosphorylation enhances the exocytosis of romk1" SIGNOR-97803 ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR Viral_budding phenotype SIGNOR-PH125 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26775243 f miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit." SIGNOR-265534 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12792650 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Inhibition of caspase-9 through phosphorylation at thr 125 by erk mapk" SIGNOR-270084 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT ANGPT2 protein O15123 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22792348 f miannu "Here, we identified angiopoietin-2 (ang-2), which encodes a major regulator of angiogenesis, as a direct transcriptional target of tal1,lyl1and lmo2. Knockdown of any of the three transcription factors in human blood and lymphatic endothelial cells caused ang-2 mrna and protein down-regulation." SIGNOR-198279 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 19861538 f miannu "The BRAFV600E oncogene induces transforming growth factor beta secretion leading to sodium iodide symporter repression and increased malignancy in thyroid cancer. BRAF induces TGFβ secretion leading to NIS repression in a MEK-ERK–independent manner but cooperating with the MEK-ERK pathway to induce strong tumor invasion, two major traits acquired during PTC progression." SIGNOR-251987 CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Calpains also modulate the activity of CDK5. Physiologically, CDK 5 is activated by p35 and its cleaved product p25. The latter has a longer half life than p35 and therefore it is a more potent activator of CDK5. The cleavage of p35 to p25 is mediated by calpain" SIGNOR-251608 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9767234 f miannu "UVB can stimulate the synthesis of IL-1, TNF-a and ET-1, and other cytokines by keratinocytes." SIGNOR-252383 PSMF1 protein Q92530 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23622245 t lperfetto "We identify the ADP-ribosyltransferase tankyrase (TNKS) and the 19S assembly chaperones dp27 and dS5b as direct binding partners of the proteasome regulator PI31. TNKS-mediated ADP-ribosylation of PI31 drastically reduces its affinity for 20S proteasome alpha subunits to relieve 20S repression by PI31." SIGNOR-263341 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1069 EDSFLQRySSDPTGA 9606 10635327 t llicata "Initially, an autophosphorylation reaction creates docking sites for several signaling proteins, including a Cbl binding site at tyrosine 1045 of EGFR." SIGNOR-251093 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30283340 f miannu "MYCT1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclins D and E. Moreover, MYCT1 overexpression triggered apoptosis in AML cells, which was accompanied by enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and downregulated Bcl-2." SIGNOR-261732 CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18635759 t lperfetto "Cd40, a tumor necrosis factor receptor (tnfr) family member, forms a complex containing adaptor molecules traf2 and traf3." SIGNOR-250560 leucine smallmolecule CHEBI:25017 ChEBI Leu-tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:16624 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270418 PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT HSD11B2 protein P80365 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001975 15591138 f miannu "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta suppresses 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene expression in human placental trophoblast cells." SIGNOR-255050 MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19230643 t gcesareni "Mdc1 also undergoes phosphorylation by ck2 after dna damage to generate a phospho-motif on mdc1, which binds directly to nbs1." SIGNOR-184141 FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 10937998 f fspada "Wnt signaling maintains preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state through inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (ppargamma)" SIGNOR-80598 PHA-665752 chemical CHEBI:90197 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206088 pictrelisib chemical CHEBI:65326 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000149 21876152 t gcesareni "Currently, several pi3k inhibitors, including gdc0941 (genentech) and bez235 (novartis pharmaceuticals), have entered phase i clinical trials, and in addition, isoform-specific compounds are being developed" SIGNOR-176298 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PNKP protein Q96T60 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser126 PPGTPLVsQDEKRDA 9606 21824916 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that pnkp is phosphorylated by the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm) in vitro. The major phosphorylation site for both kinases was serine 114, with serine 126 being a minor site. Purified pnkp protein with mutation of serines 114 and 126 had decreased dna kinase and dna phosphatase activities and reduced affinity for dna in vitro." SIGNOR-176020 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser772 LFKKIFPsLELNITD 9606 24614225 t lperfetto "Purified camkii phosphorylates cyld on at least three residues (s-362, s-418, and s-772 on the human cyld protein q9nqc7-1) and promotes its deubiquitinase activity." SIGNOR-91403 TIMM23 protein O14925 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267697 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT Megakaryocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH103 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 12032775 f "Studies involving point mutants of GATA-1 have shown that a direct physical interaction between GATA-1 and FOG-1 is essential for normal human erythroid and megakaryocyte maturation in vivo." SIGNOR-259961 IL5 protein P05113 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21106848 f "It has been reported that IL-5 family members and selected chemotactic factors can activate the PI3K-Akt pathway in human blood eosinophils" SIGNOR-254351 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR MAGEA3 protein P43357 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002806 31267705 t miannu " The CRL4‐DCAF12 E3 ubiquitin ligase degrades MAGE‐A3/6" SIGNOR-272265 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22225874 t FFerrentino "Cox2 Is a Direct Srf Target Gene and Controls Il4 Expression" SIGNOR-255967 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "guanosine 5'-monophosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17345 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 6698284 t miannu "The de novo synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) involves the oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) followed by amination to GMP. This latter reaction is catalyzed by GMP synthetase. (XMP: I.-glutamine amidoligase (AMP) EC 6.3.5.2)." SIGNOR-268096 CUL5 protein Q93034 UNIPROT DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 24210661 t miannu "SOCS7 promotes Dab1 polyubiquitylation and degradation. SOCS7-CRL5 complexes stimulate the ubiquitylation and turnover of Dab1. SOCS7, a CRL5 substrate adaptor protein, is also required for neocortical layering. SOCS7-CRL5 complexes stimulate the ubiquitylation and turnover of Dab1." SIGNOR-272140 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 14767066 f lperfetto "The levels of ikb_? Where reduced in cells overexpressing mkk6 [] these results indicated that mkk6 was able to promote the degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor, in a p38-dependent manner." SIGNOR-235837 FKBP5 protein Q13451 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000848 34589486 f miannu "FKBP51 Affects the Binding of YY1 Repressor to DR5 Gene. These results suggest that reduced YY1 DNA-binding activity in FKBP51-silenced cells corresponds to reduced YY1 acetylation." SIGNOR-268792 GRM3 protein Q14832 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264353 "perfluorohexanesulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:132448 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268761 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT HNRNPL protein P14866 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser544 GKSERSSsGLLEWES 9606 22570490 t lperfetto "Here we show that the regulation of the stress axis-regulated exon of the slo1 potassium channel transcripts by membrane depolarization requires a highly conserved camkiv target serine (ser-513) of the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein l. Ser-513 phosphorylation within the rna recognition motif 4 enhanced heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein l interaction with the camkiv-responsive rna element 1 of stress axis-regulated exon and inhibited binding of the large subunit of the u2 auxiliary factor u2af65." SIGNOR-197367 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser548 SSPSPPCsPLMADPL 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t llicata "We demonstrated that erk1/2 phosphorylate kibra at ser(548) in cells as well as in vitro." SIGNOR-203286 WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKGR 9606 16096060 t gcesareni "The wee1 kinase phosphorylates and inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), thereby delaying entry into mitosis until appropriate conditions have been met" SIGNOR-139491 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 SIGNOR-C5 14676825 t gcesareni "Mechanism of processing of the nf-kappa b2 p100 precursor: identification of the specific polyubiquitin chain-anchoring lysine residue and analysis of the role of nedd8-modification on the scf(beta-trcp) ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-120342 SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT SNCAIP protein Q9Y6H5 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16174773 t lperfetto "Siah proteins ubiquitylate synphilin-1 and promote its degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome system" SIGNOR-140612 CACNA2D3 protein Q8IZS8 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 31746409 f miannu "The results indicated that the overexpression of CACNA2D3 induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and increased the levels of p-p38 MAPK. These data indicated that the p38 MAPK pathway is activated by overexpression of CACNA2D3 and P4 induction." SIGNOR-266857 CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr743 VEVDAAVtPEERHLS 9606 15178331 t Manara "The APPcyt is phosphorylated at Thr668 in vivo specifically in the brain. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a unique member of the Cdk family that is implicated in central nervous system development, participates in this phosphorylation. | In the present study, we demonstrate that APP phosphorylated at Thr668 is less vulnerable to cytoplasmic cleavage by caspase-3 and caspase-8." SIGNOR-260818 histamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18295 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 7925364 t miannu "The human H1-receptor cDNA was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) via an eukaryotic expression vector; the receptor protein present on cell membranes specifically bound [3H]mepyramine with a Kd of 3.7 nM. The binding was displaced by H1-histamine-receptor antagonists and histamine. Affinity of histamine and selected histamine antagonists for human H, receptors expressed in CHO cells (CHO H,-30) and a comparison with HI receptors found in guinea pig cerebellum." SIGNOR-258483 CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT (R)-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:16347 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267121 "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57970 ChEBI "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21173190 t lperfetto "The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA).¬†" SIGNOR-267010 anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one chemical CHEBI:90695 ChEBI MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11717429 t gcesareni "We report the identification of an anthrapyrazolone series with significant jnk1, -2, and -3 (k(i) = 0.19 microm)." SIGNOR-111983 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 12000790 t gcesareni "We conclude that a major role of axin in the wnt is to provide the kinase activity that initiates the beta-catenin phosphorylation cascade at s45. This process is mediated by cki, the alfa, delta, or epsilon isoform, all detected in association with axin by lc/ms." SIGNOR-87433 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser282 VGKQAPLsPGLPAMG 9606 BTO:0000007 20110267 t llicata "These results demonstrated a critical role of noxa1 phosphorylation on ser-282 and ser-172 in preventing nox1 hyperactivation through the decrease of noxa1 interaction to nox1 and rac1." SIGNOR-163659 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr205 IMLNSKGyTKSIDIW 9606 19494114 t gcesareni "In this study we show that one of these potential targets, the erk1/2, is indeed a direct dep-1 substrate in vivo." SIGNOR-161536 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT AFF3 protein P51826 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26214578 f irozzo "We demonstrate that AFF3 is a new target of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in ACC, acting on transcription and RNA splicing." SIGNOR-259192 MAP3K6 protein O95382 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9534 8622669 t Manara "These data indicate that MKK6 phosphorylates p38 MAP kinase on Thr-180 and Tyr-182, the sites of phosphorylation that activate p38 MAP kinase" SIGNOR-260915 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PDE3B protein Q13370 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser295 VIRPRRRsSCVSLGE 10090 BTO:0000944 10454575 t "PDE3B is a physiological substrate of Akt and that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of PDE3B on serine-273 is important for insulin-induced activation of PDE3B" SIGNOR-251483 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 f apalma "GSK-3beta is a serine/threonine kinase that can block translation that is initiated by eukaryotic initiation factor-2B (24) and may thereby reduce protein synthesis." SIGNOR-255110 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination Lys22 GPRDGLKkERLLDDR 9606 7479976 t gcesareni "Here we provide evidence that lysine residues 21 and 22 serve as the primary sites for signal-induced ubiquitination of i kappa b alpha." SIGNOR-26577 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000149 24342355 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We demonstrate that perk 1/2 can phosphorylate pro-caspase-8 at s387 by knocking-down the endogenous pro-caspase-8 using rnai and replacing it with its non-phosphorylatable counterpart (s387a), a significant increase in caspase-8 activity" SIGNOR-270118 SUN3 protein Q8TAQ9 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263291 MRPL46 protein Q9H2W6 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262350 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser168 SEMKYLGsPITTVPK 9606 20220133 t gcesareni "Here we show that jnk directly phosphorylates cdc25c at serine 168 during g(2) phase of the cell cycle. Cdc25c phosphorylation by jnk negatively regulates its phosphatase activity and thereby cdk1 activation, enabling a timely control of mitosis onset." SIGNOR-164085 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser552 VVRTPPKsPSSAKSR 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251590 CyclinC/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C545 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 15084261 t gcesareni "The active form of prb is underphosphorylated. Cdk3/cyclin-c-mediated phosphorylation at ser-807 and ser-811 is required for g0-g1 transition." SIGNOR-273181 ATG12 protein O94817 UNIPROT ATG12/5/16L1 complex SIGNOR-C109 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18321988 t lperfetto "Atg12 is conjugated to atg5 and forms an approximately 800-kda protein complex with atg16l (referred to as atg16l complex)." SIGNOR-226689 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10772826 f lperfetto "Retinoic acid and its receptors repress the expression and transactivation functions of nur77" SIGNOR-76980 XL765 chemical CHEBI:71958 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252660 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser862 IRNKARLsITGSVGE 9606 12536214 t gcesareni "Receptor internalization, altered;intracellular localization" SIGNOR-97554 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10318826 t miannu "AGRP is a potent antagonist of the melanocortin-3 receptor and the MC4R and has also been shown to have a lesser degree of inhibitory action at the melanocortin-5 receptor." SIGNOR-252380 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT EPS15 protein P42566 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 26748853 t gcesareni "We identify the endocytic protein Eps15 as one of the critical substrates of USP9X" SIGNOR-245052 BCORL1 protein Q5H9F3 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17379597 t irozzo "BCoR-L1 interacts with Class II HDACs, HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC7, suggesting that they are involved in its function as transcriptional corepressor." SIGNOR-259112 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr209 TRKHYQPyAPPRDFA 9606 BTO:0000661 22936936 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that emt can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the cd28 tailother studies demonstrated that tyr191 within the p190yap motif is one of two major phosphorylation sites in cd28-stimulated jurkat t cells, and the only tyrosine residue within the cd28 cytoplasmic tail that is essential for delivery of costimulatory signals" SIGNOR-198751 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18353649 t lperfetto "Whereas nemo assembles some but not all ikk complexes [12,13], recent reports provide strong experimental evidence for a role of tank [also called traf-interacting protein (i-traf)], nak-associated protein (nap1) and similar to nap1 tbk1 adaptor (sintbad) in the assembly of tbk1 and ikk-e kinase complexes that phosphorylate irf3 and irf7 and promote type i ifn gene induction" SIGNOR-178053 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "Here, we report that phlpp1 is a binding protein for mst1 and it modulates the hippo pathway by dephosphorylating mst1 at the inhibitory thr(387) of mst1." SIGNOR-201262 HCRT protein O43612 UNIPROT HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 9491897 t gcesareni "Identification and initial biological characterization of two orexins as well as their two receptors" SIGNOR-53667 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser199 SQRGRSGsGNFGGGR 9606 18562319 t gcesareni "Our data also suggest that akt negatively regulates hnrnp a1-mediated ires activity via phosphorylation at ser199." SIGNOR-179059 "Class I MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C426 SIGNOR T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31810556 f scontino "High-affinity peptide/MHC class I complexes that successfully pass the aforementioned “quality controls” will be transported through the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane to elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses." SIGNOR-267775 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9463381 t amattioni "Bcl-2 bind to bax or five other pro-apoptotic relatives (bak, bad, bik, bid or bim)" SIGNOR-55546 SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT GPR37 protein O15354 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 18241051 t miannu "We demonstrated that endogenous HRD1 interacts with Pael-R, and that HRD1 promotes the degradation of Pael-R and protects cell death caused by the accumulation of Pael-R." SIGNOR-272631 PD318088 chemical CID:10231331 PUBCHEM MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck lperfetto SIGNOR-244927 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269625 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9733516 f lperfetto "Thus, our data indicate that nf-kb controls the expression of traf1 and traf2 and c-iap1 and c-iap2" SIGNOR-59960 Temsirolimus chemical CHEBI:79699 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21081844 t gcesareni "Temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) complex 1, is approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (rcc)." SIGNOR-169712 MAP4K4 protein O95819 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8824585 t gcesareni "Hpk1 binds and phosphorylates mekk1 directly" SIGNOR-44040 ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT DMD protein P11532 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0001103 19109891 t miannu "We present evidence for an ankyrin-based mechanism for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin and beta-DG. Ankyrin-B thus is an adaptor required for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin, as well as dynactin-4." SIGNOR-266715 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM35 protein Q9UPQ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270974 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12531543 t gcesareni "Lpa3couples to gq" SIGNOR-97400 CDKL5 protein O76039 UNIPROT CDKL5 protein O76039 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr171 NNANYTEyVATRWYR -1 16935860 t miannu "Furthermore, we show that CDKL5 can self-associate and mediate the phosphorylation of its own TEY (Thr-Glu-Tyr) motif." SIGNOR-245876 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 11867623 t Luana "Sp1 and Sp3 Activate Transcription Driven by the AS Promoter" SIGNOR-268019 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBB4B protein P68371 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-117078 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12832467 t lperfetto "Efficient rsk activation by erk requires its interaction through a docking site located near the c terminus of rsk" SIGNOR-102645 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT ATP2B4 protein P23634-6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1176 LDGEVTPyANTNNNA 9606 12540962 t miannu "Results of co-immunoprecipitation, treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and integrin inhibition experiments suggest that FAK is responsible for PMCA4b tyrosine phosphorylation during platelet activation. equence analysis indicates that Y(1176) is a likely substrate for focal adhesion kinase (FAK), while Y(1122) is not located in a tyrosine phosphorylation motif." SIGNOR-263194 NEUROG3 protein Q9Y4Z2 UNIPROT NEUROD4 protein Q9HD90 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19028584 f miannu "Ngn3 overexpression altered the expression of a number of regulatory genes, including ash1, ath3, ath5, chx10, neuroD, ngn1, ngn2, and NSCL1. Early gene ngn1 was induced, but ash1, ngn2, ath3, and chx10, whose expressions persist through later phases of neurogenesis, were down-regulated." SIGNOR-254631 58131-57-0 chemical CID:42640 PUBCHEM MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21075910 t miannu "Here we report the identification of a benzofuroxan derivative [7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-nitro-1-oxido-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-1-ium, NSC207895] that could inhibit MDMX expression in cancer cells through a reporter-based drug screening." SIGNOR-262246 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT FANCA protein O15360 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1449 AAPDADLsQEPHLF 9606 19109555 t lperfetto "The s1449a mutant failed to completely correct a variety of fa-associated phenotypes. The dna damage response is coordinated by phosphorylation events initiated by apical kinases atm (ataxia telangectasia mutated) and atr (atm and rad3-related), and atr is essential for proper fa pathway function. Serine 1449 is in a consensus atm/atr site" SIGNOR-182953 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17998336 f gcesareni "The sh3 domain of lck modulates t-cell receptor-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through activation of raf-1." SIGNOR-159164 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI PRKAR2B protein P31323 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258762 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 LVQGISFsQPTCPDH 9606 15775976 t gcesareni "Atr activation typically leads to chk1 phosphorylation and activation. In response to genotoxic stress, chk1 is phosphorylated on serines 317 (s317) and 345 (s345) by the ataxia-telangiectasia-related (atr) protein kinase." SIGNOR-134716 PIK3R6 protein Q5UE93 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 25753393 t lperfetto "P84 forms a negative regulatory complex with p110gamma to control PI3Kgamma signalling during cell migration|Our findings suggest that p84 binding to p110γ may represent a novel negative feedback signal that terminates PI3Kγ activity." SIGNOR-275724 SAFB protein Q15424 UNIPROT FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 27731383 t "P35637:p.Pro525Leu (mutation disrupting interaction)" "SAFB1 as well as Matrin3 to regulate splicing and ligand-mediated transcription| In addition, depletion of SAFB1 reduced FUS's localization to chromatin-bound fraction and splicing activity, suggesting SAFB1 could tether FUS to chromatin compartment thorough N-terminal DNA-binding motif." SIGNOR-262821 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr759 LYDVSRMyVDPSEIN -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249340 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLIS2 protein Q9BZE0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 16537363 t lperfetto "Protein kinase a (pka) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta sequentially phosphorylate gli2 at multiple sites, identified by mutagenesis, thus resulting in a reduction of its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-145131 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22798428 t gcesareni "Akt negatively regulates the raf and gsk-3 kinases and the cell cycle regulatory transcription factor fkhr." SIGNOR-252531 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CD151 protein P48509 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20149781 f miannu "SP1 is required for basal activation and chromatin accessibility of CD151 promoter in liver cancer cells." SIGNOR-255195 Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR RAE1 protein P78406 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16036565 f miannu "Nup98/Nup96 (41) and Rae1 (17)are up regulated by interferons, which revert the mRNAexport block induced by VSV M protein" SIGNOR-260869 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr384 ACQVYFTyDPYSEED -1 10214954 t "Recombinant p56(lck) phosphorylates in vitro tyrosine residues within the IL-2Rbeta chain. p56(lck) phosphorylates tyrosine residues 355, 358 and 361 but not 338 of the IL-2Rbeta chain acidic subdomain. p56(lck) also phosphorylates very efficiently the two tyrosines present in the IL-2Rbeta chain C-terminal region, Tyr-392 and Tyr-510." SIGNOR-251376 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12495904 t irozzo "The core binding factor (CBF) transcription complex, consisting of the interacting proteins RUNX1 and CBFβ, is essential for normal hematopoiesis" SIGNOR-255710 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ASB2 protein Q96Q27 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser371 RIRRSGVsPLHLAAE 24044920 t lperfetto "Indeed, using mass spectrometry, we showed for the first time that ASB2a is phosphorylated and that phosphorylation of serine-323 (Ser-323) of ASB2a is crucial for the targeting of the actin-binding protein filamin A (FLNa) to degradation. |Moreover, inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) activity reduced ASB2a-mediated FLNa degradation." SIGNOR-272239 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr710 DLQEAEKtIGRSRST 9606 12030846 t lperfetto "Mypt1 was phosphorylated by ilk and phosphorylation sites in the n- and c-terminal fragments of mypt1 were detected. From sequence analyses, three sites were identified: a primary site at thr(709), and two other sites at thr(695) and thr(495). phosphorylation of the various sites indicated that thr695 was the major inhibitory site, thr709 had only a slight inhibitory effect" SIGNOR-87928 EIF1 protein P41567 UNIPROT 43S_pre_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C453 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269161 EXTL1 protein Q92935 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 15614771 t gcesareni "A study in mice suggests that ext1 proteins might negatively regulate shh signaling by synthesizing hspgs, which sequester the ligand" SIGNOR-132606 APC protein P25054 UNIPROT ODC1 protein P11926 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12112318 t "APC-dependent regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in human colon tumor cells|Upon induction of APC expression, ODC promoter activity and RNA levels were suppressed" SIGNOR-253670 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 t lperfetto "Besides VWF as a main ligand, GPIbα also binds multiple ligands such as thrombospondin, Factor XII, Factor XI, thrombin, High Molecular Weight kininogen, P-selectin and Mac-1." SIGNOR-261859 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10669635 f lperfetto "These results suggest that PMA stimulates transcription of the Mn-SOD gene through an increase in Sp1 expression and thus implicate Sp1 as an effector mediating the PKC-signaling pathway elicited by extracellular signals." SIGNOR-271693 9-(1-anilinoethyl)-7-methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-4-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone chemical CHEBI:91428 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207278 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 18838960 f lperfetto "Overexpression of fatty acid synthase is associated with palmitoylation of Wnt1 and cytoplasmic stabilization of beta-catenin in prostate cancer" SIGNOR-242881 N-(cyanomethyl)-4-[2-[4-(4-morpholinyl)anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91407 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191247 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr420 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 12496362 t lperfetto "Regulation of lck and fyn tyrosine kinase activities by transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase leukocyte common antigen-related molecule." SIGNOR-96768 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys67 ANVKAAPkIIDTGGG 9606 BTO:0002806 30327428 t miannu "SIRT1 deacetylates XPA at residues K63, K67, and K215 to promote interactions with ATR" SIGNOR-262294 N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-oxomethyl]-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutanamide chemical CHEBI:91371 ChEBI CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206136 oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31810556 t scontino "Within the phagosome, the internalized antigens are partially degraded by Cathepsin S and the GILT complex, a necessary step for further export to cytosol." SIGNOR-267866 EID3 protein Q8N140 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 23720823 f miannu "Here we show that, when over-expressed, FRG1 binds and interferes with the activity of the histone methyltransferase Suv4-20h1 both in mammals and Drosophila. Accordingly, FRG1 over-expression or Suv4-20h1 knockdown inhibits myogenesis. The novel inhibitor of differentiation Eid3 is an FRG1/Suv4-20h1 target involved in the myogenic defects caused by FRG1 over-expression. Eid3 is down-regulated upon muscle differentiation and behaves as a myogenic inhibitor gene." SIGNOR-266641 CHAMP1 protein Q96JM3 UNIPROT Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 21063390 f miannu "Proper attachment of microtubules to kinetochores is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. These data suggest that CAMP is required for maintaining kinetochore-microtubule attachment during biorientation." SIGNOR-264901 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine smallmolecule CHEBI:34795 ChEBI PDE1B protein Q01064 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22014080 t "Until now, very few inhibitors of PDE1 were available for evaluating the contribution of PDE1 in tissue and cell function. Vinpocetine (Ahn et al., 1989) and 8-methoxymethyl-IBMX (Ahn et al., 1997) are common PDE1 inhibitors." SIGNOR-253400 IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21240265 f miannu "Among the genes with differences in expression in the M1 and M2 subsets are those regulated by IRF5, including IL12A, IL12B, IL23A, IL1B, TNF, CCL3(encoding MIP-1Œ±), RANTES, CD1A, CD40, CD86 and CCR7" SIGNOR-254518 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9094314 t gcesareni "We tested the kinase in the presence of several inositol phospholipids and found that only low micromolar concentrations of the D enantiomers of either phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) or PtdIns(3,4)P2 were effective in potently activating the kinase, which has been named PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1)" SIGNOR-243274 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SCNN1B protein P51168 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 11805112 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Using a number of different approaches it was demonstrated that the protein kinase acting on betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 is the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). It is suggested that an ERK-mediated phosphorylation of betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 down-regulates the channel by facilitating its interaction with Nedd4." SIGNOR-270050 5-Fluoro-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin chemical CID:122187 PUBCHEM HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258865 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT SLAMF1 protein Q13291 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr327 ETNSITVyASVTLPE 9606 15315965 t llicata "Cd150-mediated akt phosphorylation required syk and sh2d1a, was negatively regulated by lyn and btk, but was ship independent. Lyn directly phosphorylated y327 in cd150, but the akt pathway did not depend on cd150 tyrosine phosphorylation and cd150-shp-2 association." SIGNOR-127997 UCHL5 protein Q9Y5K5 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 16027725 t lperfetto "Here, we report a novel interaction between smads and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase uch37, a deubiquitinating enzyme that could potentially reverse smurf-mediated ubiquitination. In gst pull down experiments, uch37 bound weakly to smad2 and smad3, and bound very strongly to smad7 in a region that is distinct from the -py- motif in smad7 that interacts with smurf ubiquitin ligases" SIGNOR-232101 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser505 LNTSYPLsPLSDFAT 9606 8381049 t gcesareni "Activated map kinase phosphorylates cpla2 at ser-505, causing increased enzymatic activity of cpla2, which is only realized upon translocation of cpla2 to the membrane." SIGNOR-38434 CEP290 protein O15078 UNIPROT Cilium_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH64 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18694559 f miannu "CEP290 cooperates with Rab8a to promote ciliogenesis and this function is antagonized by CP110" SIGNOR-252147 FBXL18 protein Q96ME1 UNIPROT FBXL7 protein Q9UJT9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002268 25654763 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxl18 mediates polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the pro-apoptotic SCF subunit Fbxl7.. Here, we identified that an orphan F-box protein, Fbxl18, targets Fbxl7 for its polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Lys 109 within Fbxl7 is an essential acceptor site for ubiquitin conjugation by Fbxl18." SIGNOR-272448 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t "Both isoforms [GOT! AND GOT2] catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate." SIGNOR-266923 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 NNNNRKTsNGDDSLF 9606 21930781 t lperfetto "Cftr possesses two ck2 phosphorylation sites (s422 and t1471)this is consistent with an important role for s422 phosphorylation in increasing cftr activity." SIGNOR-176619 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser285 SSASPALsRRGSLGE 10090 17213202 t lperfetto "Serines 281 and 285 of the nfat3 protein might be target amino acids of rsk2 phosphorylationrsk2 induced nuclear localization of nfat3. Rsk2 phosphorylated nfat3 in vitro (km=3.559 microm), and activation of nfat3 by rsk2 enhanced the promoter activity of nfat3 downstream target genes in vivo." SIGNOR-234469 PBX2 protein P40425 UNIPROT EMX2 protein Q04743 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15494461 f miannu "EMSA demonstrated HOXA10-Pbx2 binding as a heterodimer to an enhancer of the EMX2 gene, a known target of HOXA10 regulation." SIGNOR-254466 FBXO5 protein Q9UKT4 UNIPROT ANAPC7 protein Q9UJX3 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11751633 t gcesareni "Emi1 can inhibit apc already activated by cdc20 or cdh1." SIGNOR-113382 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 10090 BTO:0000944 15367694 t "Protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates insulin's metabolic signaling pathway by inhibiting Akt (protein kinase B) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" SIGNOR-248629 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8626456 t gcesareni "In vitro binding studies revealed that antithrombin iii (atiii)thrombin, heparin cofactor ii (hcii)thrombin, and ?1-antitrypsin (?1AT)trypsin bound to purified lrp" SIGNOR-41090 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr256 EHNSTTStFCGTPEY 9534 12387817 t lperfetto "Thus, it was suggested that NHERF2 mediates the activation and phosphorylation of SGK1 by PDK1 through its first PDZ domain and PIF motif, as a novel SGK1 activation mechanism." SIGNOR-236800 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR DCST1 protein Q5T197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271164 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1623 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273047 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT SOCS2 protein O14508 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12468433 t "We have also found SOCS2 and SOCS3 specifically induced in 32D/Flt3-ITD, both of which are STAT3/5 target genes and known negative regulators of receptor signaling" SIGNOR-261547 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 inhibited foxo3's ability to induce cell death." SIGNOR-256645 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "form complex" binding BTO:0001103 22045613 t svumbaca "NICD is translocated to the nucleus where it binds recombining binding protein-Jj (RBP-Jj)" SIGNOR-255364 SLC9A4 protein Q6AI14 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265594 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "Crystallographic data revealed that the N-terminal TEAD-binding domain of YAP wraps around a globular structure formed by the C-terminal domains of TEAD1, 2 and 4" gcesareni "When dephosphorylated, yap/taz enter nuclei and induce gene transcription by interacting with transcription factors tead14." SIGNOR-201465 SLC9A7 protein Q96T83 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265606 DCAF12 protein Q5T6F0 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002806 31267705 t miannu " The CRL4‐DCAF12 E3 ubiquitin ligase degrades MAGE‐A3/6" SIGNOR-272264 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR LNX2 protein Q8N448 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271195 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000093 BTO:0000150 26918608 t lperfetto "p85alpha promotes nucleolin transcription and subsequently enhances EGFR mRNA stability and EGF-induced malignant cellular transformation." SIGNOR-33633 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000165 10066785 t lperfetto "Delta-induced Notch signaling mediated by RBP-J inhibits MyoD expression and myogenesis" SIGNOR-219359 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr182 TDDEMTGyVATRWYR 9606 7535770 t gcesareni "Dually phosphorylated on thr-180 and tyr-182 by the map2ks map2k3/mkk3, map2k4/mkk4 and map2k6/mkk6 in response to inflammatory citokines, environmental stress or growth factors, which activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-28063 NHLRC1 protein Q6VVB1 UNIPROT AGL protein P35573 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 17908927 t miannu "The E3 ubiquitin ligase Malin interacts with and promotes the ubiquitination of AGL." SIGNOR-271669 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11175253 t amattioni "Allosteric activation of bak induces its intramembranous oligomerization into a proposed pore for cytochrome c efflux" SIGNOR-105203 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Downstream of caspase-8 activation, apoptosis induction takes place" SIGNOR-256641 ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000782 28624438 t miannu "ADAM10-mediated Notch1 cleavage is the rate limiting-step for release of the NICD and subsequent activation of Notch1 signaling. In T cells ADAM10-mediated Notch1 shedding controls T cell development" SIGNOR-259838 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255499 HUWE1 protein Q7Z6Z7 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000093 28939105 t miannu "Mule was identified as Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3 to promote Mcl-1 degradation via the proteasomal pathway [46]. We found that knockdown of Mule (Fig. 4C) but not β-TRCP or FBXW7 (data not shown) prevented Mcl-1 downregulation caused by PKCη depletion." SIGNOR-261909 PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29059435 t miannu "The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, thereby linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and defining a critical step in cellular bioenergetics." SIGNOR-266541 MED14 protein O60244 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266676 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates deacetylation 9606 15126506 t gcesareni "Deacetylation of foxos involves binding of the nad-dependent deacetylase hsir2(sirt1). Accordingly, hsir2(sirt1)-mediated deacetylation precludes foxo inhibition through acetylation and thereby prolongs foxo-dependent transcription of stress-regulating genes." SIGNOR-124714 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11015200 t miannu "The calmodulin-binding region is located between amino acids 51 and 96" SIGNOR-266337 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19282669 t gcesareni "Erk-activates the rsk family of serine/threonine kinases,rsk1, rsk2, and rsk3." SIGNOR-161515 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr861 PIGNQHIyQPVGKPD 9606 16782899 t llicata "Met-mediated fak phosphorylation could further activate fak. Indeed, we found that met phosphorylates fak at its known phosphorylation sites, including tyr-576 and tyr-577, both of which are located in the activating loop within the catalytic domain" SIGNOR-147199 CCK protein P06307 UNIPROT CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10368033 t gcesareni "Cck8 interacts with nanomolar affinities with two different receptors designated cck-a and cck-b" SIGNOR-66339 "8-oxo-7-[(6-sulfo-2-naphthalenyl)hydrazinylidene]-5-quinolinesulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:95064 ChEBI PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20337577 t "NSC-87877 (1, Fig. (7)) was identified as a Shp2 PTP inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.33 μM [83]. NSC-87877 inhibits Shp1 with the same potency." SIGNOR-261913 CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25969760 t lperfetto "Thus, it has been shown that calpain cleaves the inhibitory domain of GSK3 generating two fragments of 40 and 30 kDa. This cleavage enhanced activity of the kinase" SIGNOR-251612 CSNK1G1 protein Q9HCP0 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser325 SSNASTIsGRLSPIM -1 11980723 t llicata "Phosphorylation of Ser319 forms a consensus sequence for phosphorylation by CK1, allowing it to phosphorylate Ser322, which in turn primes the CK1-catalysed phosphorylation of Ser325 | Multisite phosphorylation of the region containing Ser319, Ser322, Ser325 and Ser329 provides a signal for the nuclear exclusion of FKHR" SIGNOR-252902 SDCBP protein O00560 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9534 BTO:0001444 25122212 f Luana "Overall, these results support the hypothesis that the interaction of E protein PBM with syntenin facilitates the recruitment of syntenin in the cytosol and leads to p38 MAPK activation." SIGNOR-260753 TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT TUBA3E protein Q6PEY2 UNIPROT down-regulates tyrosination 9606 22020298 t miannu "Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization" SIGNOR-176924 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser382 KRASFAKsVIGTPEF 9606 22032326 t Manara "We found that wild-type WNK2 (Figure 8A) or WNK3 (Figure 8B) phosphorylated kinase-inactive WNK1 (1–667, D368A) at Ser382 in vitro." SIGNOR-260789 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr969 VSECPHTyQNRRPFS 9606 31395582 t lperfetto "A mutation at tyrosine 969, which inhibits activation of downstream signaling by FLT3-ITD." SIGNOR-271919 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_block phenotype SIGNOR-PH10 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24470334 f "The cell cycle regulator p21 is induced early in myoblast differentiation and functions to block cell cycle progression" SIGNOR-267286 TRIM59 protein Q8IWR1 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0002181" 22588174 f Giorgia "TRIM59 also inhibited the phosphorylation of IRF3 and IRF7, which induces dimerization, suggesting that TRIM59 negatively regulates kinases for IRF3/7 (IKKe/TBK1) or their upstream signal" SIGNOR-260374 ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI ADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:456216 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269098 "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269018 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10567369 t lperfetto "An ERK2-binding site at the N terminus of MEK1 was reported to mediate their stable association. We examined the importance of this binding site in the feedback phosphorylation of mek1 on thr(292) and thr(386) by erk2" SIGNOR-244912 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15781457 f miannu "Sp4 and Sp1 are activators of the rod opsin promoter" SIGNOR-225385 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 18423396 f fspada "Akt1/pkbalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export offoxo1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-252911 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser69 GPLAPPAsPGPFATR 18174237 t gcesareni "Constitutive activation of the c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) pathway in sup-t1 cells promoted phosphorylation and degradation of bimel via the proteosome." SIGNOR-250136 PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266467 SUCLG1 protein P53597 UNIPROT "Succinyl-CoA GTP variant" complex SIGNOR-C399 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32627745 t miannu "Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only substrate-level phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.  In mammals, SCS is a mitochondrial enzyme and is an α,β-heterodimer with different isoforms: ATP-specific SCS (ATPSCS) and GTP-specific SCS (GTPSCS)." SIGNOR-266263 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23332762 t lperfetto "Ikk phosphorylates bad at serine-26 (ser26) and primes it for inactivation." SIGNOR-216399 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA -1 10949026 t gcesareni "Survival factors, acting through kinases such as Akt and PKA, induce endogenous BAD phosphorylation at two evolutionarily conserved sites, Ser-112 and Ser-136, which leads to the translocation of BAD from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and the inhibition of BAD-dependent death" SIGNOR-67400 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr770 LSAPFEQySPGGQDT 9606 BTO:0000007 11294897 t lperfetto "Ligand stimulation leads to autophosphorylation of fgfr3these results suggest that y770 may negatively regulate the activation of pi 3-kinase by constitutively activated fgfr3" SIGNOR-106746 NTS protein P30990 UNIPROT NTSR2 protein O95665 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 9851594 t gcesareni "Neurotensin binding to recombinant neurotensin nt2 receptor expressed in cho cells does not elicit a biological response as determined by second messenger measurements." SIGNOR-62519 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT ITGA2B protein P08514 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17725493 f miannu "We and others have previously shown that RUNX1 and GATA-1 physically interact and cooperate in the activation of megakaryocytic promoters such as alpha IIb integrin and glycoprotein Ibalpha." SIGNOR-254193 SH3GLB1 protein Q9Y371 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11894095 t gcesareni "Cbl rapidly recruits cin85 (cbl-interacting protein of 85k;ref. 6) and endophilins (regulatory components of clathrin-coated vesicles) to form a complex with activated egf receptors, thus controlling receptor internalization." SIGNOR-115826 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10770941 t lperfetto "The binding of Ca2+/CaM to CaM-KK is absolutely required for its activation and efficient phosphorylation of target protein kinases" SIGNOR-232178 PPP1R1C protein Q8WVI7 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 18310074 t lperfetto "IPP5, a novel inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1, suppresses tumor growth and progression of cervical carcinoma cells by inducing G2/M arrest" SIGNOR-275725 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser360 TEMDPTYsPAALPQS 9606 18267068 t lperfetto "Together, our in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the pkc/c-raf/mek/erk pathway plays a major role in the s6k1 activation in hypertrophic cardiac growth." SIGNOR-249572 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253496 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation Lys816 PLVPVKVkQETVEPM 9606 22555612 t miannu "Blimp_1 is subjected to pias1_mediated sumoylation at lysine 816 / it appears that sumo_modified blimp_1 is a more potent transcriptional repressor." SIGNOR-197265 LYL1 protein P12980 UNIPROT ANGPT2 protein O15123 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22792348 f miannu "Here, we identified angiopoietin-2 (ang-2), which encodes a major regulator of angiogenesis, as a direct transcriptional target of tal1,lyl1and lmo2. Knockdown of any of the three transcription factors in human blood and lymphatic endothelial cells caused ang-2 mrna and protein down-regulation." SIGNOR-198276 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser601 SDKESKEsSVEGAEN 9606 BTO:0000150 19339517 t lperfetto "In this study, we show that both eralpha and aib1 are substrates for ck1delta in vitro, and identify a novel aib1 phosphorylation site (s601) targeted by ck1delta, significant for the co-activator function of aib1." SIGNOR-184946 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20463034 t Gianni "We show that loss of suppressor of fused (Sufu; an inhibitory effector for Gli proteins) results in destabilization of Gli2 and Gli3 full-length activators but not of their C-terminally processed repressors, whereas overexpression of Sufu stabilizes them." SIGNOR-268867 P2RY2 protein P41231 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264307 ING1 protein Q9UK53 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 14522900 f miannu " In this study, we found that a subset of ING family members strongly repressed human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter activity but stimulated the p21(WAF1) promoter in parallel experiments in the same cell type, similar to the effects of p53. Both ING1 and p53 were able to suppress AFP transcription and cause p21 induction; hSIR2, a negative regulator of the p53 protein, showed the opposite effects on the AFP promoter and, like HDAC1, repressed p21 promoter activity." SIGNOR-254483 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr288 SPDCDVKtDDSVVPC 9606 19151762 t llicata "Phosphorylation at ttk/hmps1 thr288 is enhanced by chk2 in vitro and in vivo after ir" SIGNOR-242665 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10078207 t miannu "The remodeling activity of brg1 and hbrm is stimulated by baf170/baf155 and is further stimulated when ini1 is added." SIGNOR-65441 DDX20 protein Q9UHI6 UNIPROT FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 16153597 t miannu "Dp103 further increased the cell killing effect induced by foxl2 probably due to the direct association of dp103 with foxl2 protein." SIGNOR-140388 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 GILARRPsYRKILKD -1 9016641 t miannu "PKA catalytic subunit phosphorylates ATF-1 at Ser63 and that phosphorylation is essential for efficient DNA binding by ATF-1." SIGNOR-250336 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser985 PHLDRLVsARSVSPT 9606 8294430 t fstefani "These data show that phosphorylation of ser985 is a key mechanism for the negative regulation of hgf/sf receptor." SIGNOR-37718 PPM1F protein P49593 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20016286 t gcesareni "Pop x2, a pp 2c serine/threonine phosphatase, is known to dephosphorylate pak and downregulate its activity." SIGNOR-162146 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11021818 t gcesareni "The expression of shp-1 protein was associated with dephosphorylation of the jak3 kinase." SIGNOR-82764 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 TFRPRSSsNASSVST 10090 10217147 t "Here we show that protein kinase B phosphorylates AFX, a human orthologue of daf -16 (refs 5, 6, 9), both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-252839 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21423276 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-172908 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103;BTO:0002314 22493066 f lperfetto "Constitutive Notch Activation Upregulates Pax7 and Promotes the Self-Renewal of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells" SIGNOR-219371 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser472 RPHFPQFsYSASGRE 9606 17386267 t gcesareni "Knockdown studies reveal that PHLPP1 specifically modulates the phosphorylation of HDM2 and GSK-3alpha through Akt2, whereas PHLPP2 specifically modulates the phosphorylation of p27 through Akt3" SIGNOR-237439 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VTN protein P04004 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser381 RNRKGYRsQRGHSRG -1 9030777 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of vitronectin on Ser362 by protein kinase C attenuates its cleavage by plasmin." SIGNOR-248962 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser365 GQRDRSSsAPNVHIN 9606 10869359 t "Akt phosphorylates both S364 and S428. Akt downregulates B-Raf activity in vivo" SIGNOR-251471 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 1333047 t "We show that epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor stimulation of intact human or murine cells leads to phosphorylation of Nck protein on tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues" SIGNOR-252089 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates the p38 mapk" SIGNOR-79498 IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT ABCC2 protein Q92887 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15185298 f miannu "Expression of recombinant human IRF3 increased MRP2 promoter activity. " SIGNOR-254533 NCKIPSD protein Q9NZQ3 UNIPROT NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 14559906 t gcesareni "Such phosphorylation of spin90 likely promotes the interaction of the spin90.betapix.wasp complex and nck" SIGNOR-118750 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189359 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206355 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser181 YQPRRRKsVKNGQAE 9606 15889150 t llicata "We find that activation of camp-dependent protein kinase a (pka) induces phosphorylation of sox9 on its two s64 and s181 pka sites, and its nuclear localization by enhancing sox9 binding to the nucleocytoplasmic transport protein importin beta." SIGNOR-137085 CAMTA1 protein Q9Y6Y1 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0005397 21385898 f irozzo "Our findings define properties of CAMTA1 in growth suppression and neuronal differentiation that support its assignment as a 1p36 tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma." SIGNOR-259099 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "Yap and taz are two main downstream effectors of the hippo pathway, and they function as transcription co-activators to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis." SIGNOR-199211 KLHL7 protein Q8IXQ5 UNIPROT TUT1 protein Q9H6E5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000675 29032201 t miannu "Kelch-like protein 7 (KLHL7) is a component of Cul3-based Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase. In this study, we report that KLHL7 increases terminal uridylyl transferase 1 (TUT1) ubiquitination involved in nucleolar integrity." SIGNOR-272318 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys64 RAGCCLGkAVRGAKG 9606 15831498 t gcesareni "Here we present evidence that smad7 interacts with the transcriptional coactivator p300, resulting in acetylation of smad7 on two lysine residues in its n terminus. Acetylation or mutation of these lysine residues stabilizes smad7 and protects it from tgfbeta-induced degradation. we have recently shown that smad7 is acetylated on lysine residues 64 and 70 by p300" SIGNOR-135469 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12789342 t gcesareni "Ikk-alpha interacts with creb-binding protein and in conjunction with rel a is recruited to nf-kappab-responsive promoters and mediates the cytokine-induced phosphorylation and subsequent acetylation of specific residues in histone h3." SIGNOR-101539 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT NDUFV1 protein P49821 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000931 17786189 f miannu "Sp1 role in the regulation of complex I subunits, was demonstrated by the ability of the Sp1/DNA binding inhibitor, mithramycin, to inhibit the transcription of NDUFV1 and NDUFV2, in neuroblastoma cells. In addition, Sp1 activated NDUFV2 promoter by binding to its three GC-boxes. Both activation and binding were inhibited by mithramycin." SIGNOR-255206 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000567 17868033 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Apicidin inhibited rhHDACs 2 and 3 in the nanomolar range." SIGNOR-261127 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2446 NKRSRTRtDSYSAGQ 9606 15905173 t lperfetto "Importantly, phosphorylation of mTOR by S6K1 occurs at threonine 2446/serine 2448. This region has been shown previously to be part of a regulatory repressor domain. These sites are also constitutively phosphorylated in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 carrying an amplification of the S6K1 geneit has been proposed that other inputs, in addition to phosphorylation of Thr-2446/Ser-2448 by S6K1, are part of the mechanism involved in inhibiting this repressor domain" SIGNOR-137255 Macrophage_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH126 SIGNOR IL18 protein Q14116 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000801 10653850 f miannu "IL-18, originally described as IFN-γ-inducing factor, is secreted from activated macrophages and Kupffer cells (1–3). The major activity associated with this cytokine is induction of IFN-γ production from CD4+ Th1 cells, T cells, B cells and NK cells, especially in collaboration with IL-12. IL-12 and IL-18 acted in a synergistic manner for the development of T cells into IFN-γ-producing cells without their TCR engagement." SIGNOR-260964 GADD45GIP1 protein Q8TAE8 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262385 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr739 SEGSGTAtPSALITT 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 SIGNOR-C17 20150555 t gcesareni "Moreover, we showed that sp1 is a novel mitotic substrate of cdk1/cyclin b1 and is phosphorylated by it at thr 739 before the onset of mitosis." SIGNOR-163738 pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29059435 t miannu "The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, thereby linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and defining a critical step in cellular bioenergetics." SIGNOR-266542 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004914 14586405 f "We found that TNF induced the expression of Notch-1, Notch-4, and Jagged-2 in RSF. The expression of these proteins was detected in the RA synovial tissues." SIGNOR-253607 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t gcesareni "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)" SIGNOR-103152 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000601 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258521 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NR1H4 protein Q96RI1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser164 CKGFFRRsITKNAVY 9606 18755856 t llicata "Phosphorylation of farnesoid x receptor by protein kinase c promotes its transcriptional activity. pkcalpha phosphorylates in vitro fxr in its dna-binding domain on s135 and s154." SIGNOR-180541 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10029407 f miannu "p53 transcriptionally activates expression of the genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, cathepsin D, and thrombospondin-1 but represses expression of the genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor and multidrug resistance-1." SIGNOR-255431 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu63 LERECVEeTCSYEEA -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263680 lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:25094 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264755 chlorphenamine chemical CHEBI:52010 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 12781173 t Luana "Identification of a dual histamine H1/H3 receptor ligand based on the H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine." SIGNOR-257896 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PTPN22 protein Q9Y2R2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser35 FLKLKRQsTKYKADK 9606 BTO:0000782 18056643 t llicata "We show that lyp is phosphorylated exclusively at ser-35 by pkc both in vitro and in vivo. our data establish a mechanism by which pkc could attenuate the cellular function of lyp, thereby augmenting t cell activation." SIGNOR-159591 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19725819 t areggio "Upon binding of the Ca2+/calmodulin complex to the binding domain of CaMKII, it is activated via autophosphorylation, then remaining active independent of of Ca2+ levels." SIGNOR-255954 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20565746 t miannu "These data support the proposed regulatory impact of particular PRC2-proteins in expression of HOXA9 and HOXA10 in NK/T-cells. In mammalian cells knockdown of PRC2 components EZH2 or PHF1 led to upregulated HOXA gene expression." SIGNOR-260070 estramustine chemical CHEBI:4868 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 14755680 t miannu "A variety of new estrogenic/anti‐estrogenic/selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)‐like compounds, including 2‐methoxyestradiol, genistein, resveratrol, licochalcone, Raloxifene, ICI 182,780, and estramustine are being evaluated for their potential in the next generation of PCa therapies." SIGNOR-259299 "Vincristine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:79401 ChEBI TUBB4A protein P04350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 30599272 t miannu "Vincristine is commonly administered as an effective anti-brain tumor drug. Vincristine treatment also impaired the microtubule-associated protein tubulin, and fibronectin, and downregulated MMP10 activity." SIGNOR-259250 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16153436 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "We hypothesized that ret could directly phosphorylate fak and erk. erk 2 could be phosphorylated at y187 (y204 in erk1)." SIGNOR-269894 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19759537 t lperfetto "Together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TNKS promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of axin, which may be mediated, at least in part, through the direct PARsylation of axin." SIGNOR-263380 UQCR11 protein O14957 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262196 MT-CYB protein P00156 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262193 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16766264 f irozzo "This protection is conferred by Smad3’s ability to promote apoptosis by repressing Bcl-2 transcription in vivo through a GC-rich element in the Bcl-2 promoter." SIGNOR-256294 UNC5D protein Q6UXZ4 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268167 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f "inferred from family member" scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5‚Äô-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-y." SIGNOR-270239 ACD protein Q96AP0 UNIPROT RPA3 protein P35244 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C306 18680434 t lperfetto "The current model for how telomeres repress ATR signaling proposes that POT1/TPP1 prevents the binding of RPA to the single-stranded telomeric DNA" SIGNOR-263329 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272387 "Raf265 derivative" chemical CID:23654923 PUBCHEM RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206394 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR PPP1R14B protein Q96C90 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr57 VRRQGKVtVKYDRKE 10606530 t lperfetto "Recombinant tagged PHI-1 was phosphorylated by protein kinase C at two sites, one a Ser and one a Thr; phosphorylation enhanced inhibitory potency 50-fold." SIGNOR-265740 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser345 ELLCLRRsSLKAYGN -1 1848190 t lperfetto "We investigate the role of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation by protein kinase C in this regulatory process. Mutation of the serine-261, -262, -344 and -345 of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor prevented the phorbol-ester-induced phosphorylation of the receptor. This mutation also abolished the phorbol-ester-induced decrease in high-affinity agonist binding and potency of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor. We suggest that protein kinase C mediated phosphorylation of the receptor promotes its functional uncoupling." SIGNOR-248857 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A6 protein Q9UHW9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1048 YQEKVHMtWTKDKYM 9606 24043619 t Manara "WNK3, which inhibits the activity of KCC3, promoted phosphorylation of Ser-96 as well as Thr-991 and Thr-1048. " SIGNOR-260910 SLC9A6 protein Q92581 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265605 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FSTL1 protein Q12841 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18718903 f miannu "Akt1 Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Increases Capillary Vessel Formation and Up-regulates Fstl1 Expression" SIGNOR-266605 MMP20 protein O60882 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272388 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser360 ELKALLQsSASRKTQ 9606 BTO:0000938 21145366 t gcesareni "Trk receptor activation by both ngf and bdnf induced phosphorylation of ebp1 at the s360 upon the activation of protein kinase c (pkc ) and triggered dissociation of p48 from retinoblastoma (rb" SIGNOR-170348 IYD protein Q6PHW0 UNIPROT 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28153798 t scontino "MIT and DIT, which are deiodinated by iodotyrosine dehalogenase (DEHAL1) that seems to be present in the apical plasma membrane. MIT and DIT are liberated, and the deiodination of these molecules by DEHAL1 is important for providing a sustained source of intrathyroidal iodide." SIGNOR-267036 CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT Spindle_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH60 SIGNOR up-regulates 20383333 f lperfetto "Additionally, cdr2 knockdown lead to a decrease (Table 3) in four other transcripts (AURKA, CENPE, SPC25 and TTK), which are involved in kinetochore and spindle biology" SIGNOR-252013 LIPH protein Q8WWY8 UNIPROT LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000661 9525886 t gcesareni "When overexpressed in jurkat t cells, the edg4 protein mediated lpa-induced activation of a serum response element reporter gene with lpa concentration dependence (ec50 of 10 nm) and specificity." SIGNOR-56093 FOXE1 protein O00358 UNIPROT TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001073 27347897 t scontino "TSH regulates TPO expression through the cAMP pathway and acts with thyroid-specific transcription factors such as TTF-1, TTF-2 and Pax-8" SIGNOR-267279 MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser189 YSHKGHLsEGLVTKW 9606 8621539 t lperfetto "Ser189 of erk3, which corresponds to thr183, one of the activating phosphorylation sites of erk2, is autophosphorylated in vitro and phosphorylated in vivo." SIGNOR-40097 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 11242052 t lperfetto "A conserved XIAP-interaction motif in caspase-9 and Smac/DIABLO regulates caspase activity and apoptosis" SIGNOR-105702 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation Lys1024 TELKTEIkEEEDQPS 9606 BTO:0000150 19047049 t gcesareni "Sirt1 induces deacetylation and repression of p300 itself (81). Mutational analysis demonstrated that sirt1 repression of p300 involves both lysine 1020 and lysine 1024" SIGNOR-182511 POLD1 protein P28340 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase delta" complex SIGNOR-C376 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 12403614 t lperfetto "Reconstitution and characterization of the human DNA polymerase delta four-subunit holoenzyme." SIGNOR-265518 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Activation of the nf-kb pathway regulates a variety of ant-apoptotic factors" SIGNOR-96834 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CRTC1 protein Q6UUV9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21331044 t gcesareni "Here we show that both ampk and calcineurin modulate longevity exclusively through post-translational modification of crtc-1, the sole c. elegans crtc. We demonstrate that crtc-1 is a direct ampk target." SIGNOR-172136 UBE2O protein Q9C0C9 UNIPROT SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination Lys173 LLLEQELkTVTYSLL 9606 23455153 t gcesareni "We showed that ube2o functions as an e2-e3 hybrid to monoubiquitinate smad6 at lysine 174" SIGNOR-192255 "hydrogen peroxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16240 ChEBI ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 35681445 f lperfetto "The ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, play both beneficial and detrimental roles depending upon their levels and cellular microenvironment." SIGNOR-272278 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22298955 f lperfetto "Neogenin, a transmembranous protein, was reported to regulate bmp receptor association with lipid raft, where bmp induces canonical smad1/5/8 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-195561 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1172 ISLDNPDyQQDFFPK 9606 16943190 t gcesareni "We show that activated abl phosphorylates the egfr primarily on tyrosine 1173." SIGNOR-149273 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189969 ATP5F1D protein P30049 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261402 USP36 protein Q9P275 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 19208757 t lperfetto "USP36 deubiquitylated the nucleolar proteins nucleophosmin/B23 and fibrillarin, and stabilized them by counteracting ubiquitylation-mediated proteasomal degradation. " SIGNOR-272291 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1401 LQGEEIKsQNSQEST 9606 12086603 t lperfetto "These results suggest that s222 and either s1401, s1404, or s1408 are sites of atm-dependent phosphorylation in vitro.Phosphorylation Of fancd2 is required for activation of an s phase checkpoint" SIGNOR-90109 SKA1 protein Q96BD8 UNIPROT "SKA complex" complex SIGNOR-C364 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 22483620 t lperfetto "We show that the structure of the Ska core complex is a W-shaped dimer of coiled coils, formed by intertwined interactions between Ska1, Ska2, and Ska3." SIGNOR-265197 KLHL25 protein Q9H0H3 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002552 27664236 t miannu "Here, we found that CUL3 interacts with ACLY through its adaptor protein, KLHL25 (Kelch-like family member 25), to ubiquitinate and degrade ACLY in cells. " SIGNOR-272333 SHMT1 protein P34896 UNIPROT "glycine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57305 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "HTMLA might be identical to serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT; EC 2.1.2.1), since it has been shown that SHMT purified from rabbit liver acts upon HTML, yielding TMABA and glycine." SIGNOR-269689 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10490105 t lperfetto "The Wilms Tumor Suppressor WT1 Encodes a Transcriptional Activator of amphiregulin" SIGNOR-251745 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9576626 t gcesareni "Ephrins are cell-surface tethered guidance cues that bind to eph receptor tyrosine kinases in trans on opposing cells." SIGNOR-56968 RLIM protein Q9NVW2 UNIPROT ZFP42 protein Q96MM3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 22596162 t lperfetto "RNF12 causes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of REX1, and Rnf12 knockout embryonic stem cells show an increased level of REX1." SIGNOR-269002 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT RABEP2 protein Q9H5N1 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272690 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 11973645 t lperfetto "By binding to S1, ERalpha down-regulates the aromatase promoter activity." SIGNOR-271683 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 17158101 t gcesareni "Our results show that Notch specifically induces expression of MKP-1, a member of the dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase, which directly inactivates p38 to negatively regulate C2C12 myogenesis." SIGNOR-236867 KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31691806 f miannu "The KDM5C decrease was associated with a lack of repression of downstream target genes Scn2a, Syn1 and Bdnf in the embryonic brain of Arx-null mice." SIGNOR-264314 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr353 NAQEKMVySLVSVPE 9606 14761954 t lperfetto "We have identified tyrosine 353 (tyr353) in the ip3-binding domain of type 1 ip3r (ip3r1) as a phosphorylation site for fyntyrosine phosphorylation of ip3r1 increased ip3 binding at low ip3 concentrations (<10 nm)." SIGNOR-121795 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-81129 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21460634 t lperfetto "Ulk1/2 in turn phosphorylates all three subunits of ampk and thereby negatively regulates its activity." SIGNOR-173047 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17609368 f lperfetto "Furthermore, ampk directly phosphorylates pgc-1?, And this phosphorylation mediates an increase in pgc-1? Protein action on the pgc-1? Promoter." SIGNOR-156783 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15375164 t gcesareni "We also show that ror2 is phosphorylated by ckiepsilon on serine/threonine residues." SIGNOR-129117 NSFL1C protein Q9UNZ2 UNIPROT CTSL protein P07711 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 15498563 t lperfetto "The SEP domain of p47 acts as a reversible competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L." SIGNOR-265043 U0126.EtOH chemical CHEBI:90692 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck lperfetto SIGNOR-244961 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 17317136 t lperfetto "Recruitment of ww and hect domain e3-ubiquitin ligases smurf1 and 2 to induce type i receptor ubiquitination and subsequent receptor degradation;" SIGNOR-153423 valine smallmolecule CHEBI:27266 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264747 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15713663 t gcesareni "Cyclin d1 bound hdac in vivo and preferentially physically associated with hdac1, hdac2, hdac3, and hdac5." SIGNOR-134053 "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263776 HECTD3 protein Q5T447 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination Lys231 KVYQMKSkPRGYCLI 9606 BTO:0000007 24287696 t miannu "HECTD3, a new E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with caspase-8 death effector domains and ubiquitinates caspase-8 with K63-linked polyubiquitin chains that do not target caspase-8 for degradation but decrease the caspase-8 activation. HECTD3 ubiquitinates caspase-8 with K63-linked polyubiquitin chains at K215." SIGNOR-272077 Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266486 PMP22 protein Q01453 UNIPROT MPZ protein P25189 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10212299 t miannu "Our data provide the first direct evidence for the formation of P0–PMP22 complexes at the plasma membrane. These protein interactions probably participate in holding adjacent Schwann cell membranes together and in stabilizing myelin compaction." SIGNOR-251898 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258290 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130 1010227 t gcesareni "Progressive increase in akt activation during prostate cancer progression led to increase phosphorylation of foxo3a and binding with 14-3-3, which potentially affected its transcriptional activity in age-specific manner." SIGNOR-252819 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28713870 f svumbaca "These data argue that, in TH2 cells, STAT3 is required for T cell IL-10 production, which in turn reinforces its own expression" SIGNOR-256234 (~{s})-(4-Fluoranyl-2-Propyl-Phenyl)-(1~{h}-Imidazol-2-Yl)methanol chemical CID:126961334 PUBCHEM F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 28445455 t "Simone Vumbaca" "The antagonist AZ8838 binds in a fully occluded pocket near the extracellular surface. | Antagonist AZ3451 binds to a remote allosteric site outside the helical bundle. We propose that antagonist binding prevents structural rearrangements required for receptor activation and signalling." SIGNOR-261118 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 24708856 t miannu "We found overexpression of miR-155 led to increase in cJUN, FOS and TRIB2, and decrease in MEIS1, GFI1, cMYC and JARID2." SIGNOR-255764 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT ACD protein Q96AP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" polyubiquitination Lys147 QDLDVQKkLYDCLEE 9606 22101936 t miannu "The Rnf8 RING-finger domain is essential for Tpp1 stability and retention at telomeres. Rnf8 physically interacts with Tpp1 to generate Ubc13-dependent Lys63 polyubiquitin chains that stabilize Tpp1 at telomeres. The conserved Tpp1 residue Lys233 is important for Rnf8-mediated Tpp1 ubiquitylation and localization to telomeres." SIGNOR-272722 RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT UNC13B protein O14795 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264385 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Leu-tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:16624 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269533 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR TUBA3E protein Q6PEY2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 t miannu "Elongator Subunits Interact with the Microtubules and Are Required for Proper Acetylation of α-Tubulin." SIGNOR-269718 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 18252715 t gcesareni "Actin (de)polymerization is regulated by cofilin, the ser(3) phosphorylation (ps(3)cofilin) of which inhibits its actin-severing activity. To determine how ilk regulates ps(3)cofilin, we examined the effects of ilk on ps(3)cofilin using normal rie1 cells." SIGNOR-160756 MMP23B protein O75900 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272390 8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione chemical CHEBI:92539 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190642 MMP11 protein P24347 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272379 DCAF1 protein Q9Y4B6 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0005907 25026211 t miannu "CRL4 DCAF1 ubiquitylates and inhibits Lats." SIGNOR-272226 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT Neuron_maturation phenotype SIGNOR-PH169 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000601 17532643 f Luana "Our studies suggest that MeCP2 plays a central role in neuronal maturation, which might be mediated through epigenetic control of expression pathways that are instrumental in both dendritic development and synaptogenesis." SIGNOR-264968 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser252 MEGYRAPsRQDVYGP -1 12885254 t "GSK3beta selectively phosphorylates p120 on S252 and T310 in Vitro" SIGNOR-251234 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ZC3HC1 protein Q86WB0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser395 PGLEVPSsPLRKAKR 9606 17389604 t gcesareni "Moreover, we found cyclin b1/cdk1 to phosphorylate nipa at ser-395 in mitosis. Mutation of both ser-359 and ser-395 impaired effective inactivation of the scfnipa complex, resulting in reduced levels of mitotic cyclin b1" SIGNOR-154051 IFNL2 protein Q8IZJ0 UNIPROT IFNLR1 protein Q8IU57 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12469119 t gcesareni "Il-28 and il-29 interacted with a heterodimeric class ii cytokine receptor that consisted of il-10 receptor beta (il-10rbeta) and an orphan class ii receptor chain, designated il-28ralpha." SIGNOR-96206 ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT OS9 protein Q13438 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18417469 f miannu "Here we characterize the function in ER quality control of two proteins derived from alternative splicing of the OS-9 gene. OS-9.1 and OS-9.2 are ubiquitously expressed in human tissues and are amplified in tumors. They are transcriptionally induced upon activation of the Ire1/Xbp1 ER-stress pathway." SIGNOR-261063 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT KCTD10 protein Q9H3F6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19782033 t miannu "BACURDs form ubiquitin ligase complexes, which selectively ubiquitinate RhoA, with Cul3. Our studies reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoA degradation and regulating RhoA function in various biological contexts, which involves a Cul3/BACURD ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-264234 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 14638857 t gcesareni "Nicd and smad3 were shown to interact directly, both in vitro and in cells, in a ligand-dependent manner, and smad3 could be recruited to csl-binding sites on dna in the presence of csl and nicd" SIGNOR-254325 MMP26 protein Q9NRE1 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272393 MMP27 protein Q9H306 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272394 "3-[({4-[4-({[1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl}methyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:91194 ChEBI LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193564 3-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)-4-[1-[1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-indolyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione chemical CHEBI:91368 ChEBI PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191493 HMGCS2 protein P54868 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 29597274 t lperfetto "Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase (mHS, EC 2.3.3.10) catalyzes the condensation reaction between acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA in ketone body synthesis" SIGNOR-267658 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates the p38 mapk" SIGNOR-79504 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr194 ALEKKSNyEVLEKDV 9606 20802513 t llicata "In this study, we demonstrate that growth factor receptors including hepatocyte growth factor receptor met, epidermal growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor directly phosphorylate fak on tyr194 in the ferm domain collectively, this study provides the first example to explain how fak is activated by receptor tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-167658 MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272396 SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT MXD4 protein Q14582 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000318 9528857 t 2 miannu "We identified a novel ZIP-containing protein, Mmip1 (Mad member interacting protein 1) that strongly dimerizes with all four Mad members, but not with c-myc. Mmip1 can inhibit DNA binding by Max-Mad heterodimers and, in vivo, can reverse the suppressive e€ects of Mad proteins on c-myc functions." SIGNOR-241284 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser207 ISGYLVDsVAKTIDA 9606 BTO:0000007 11279118 t lperfetto "Suggesting that tao2 selectively activates mek3 and mek6 of the p38 pathway in intact cells" SIGNOR-106465 SETBP1 protein Q9Y6X0 UNIPROT SET protein Q01105 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22566606 t miannu "Setbp1 was shown to form a complex with set and pp2a, enhancing the stability of set and its inhibition of pp2a." SIGNOR-197324 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp242 VRQKSEVdIVVSEDL 9606 11741536 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase (ikk) beta was specifically proteolyzed by caspase-3-related caspases at aspartic acid residues 78, 242, 373, and 546 during tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-256441 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1616 TPQSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248803 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257664 TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000738 25601757 f irozzo "Cell proliferation was stimulated by the knockdown of either TET2 or WT1 gene in KG-1 cells, but not additively by the co-depletion of both genes. Collectively, these results suggest that TET2 and WT1 function in the same pathway to inhibit leukemia cell proliferation and colony formation." SIGNOR-255704 SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 12815054 f ggiuliani "Over-expression of Smad1 or Smad5, mediators of BMP-signaling, also induced Dlx5 expression even in the absence of BMP-2 treatment concomitant with positive ALP staining" SIGNOR-255789 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT JAK1/STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C120 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 15284024 t lperfetto "Stimulation of EGFR induces Tyr701 phosphorylation of STAT1 and initiates complex formation of STAT1 and STAT3 with JAK1 and JAK2. Thereafter, the STATs translocate to the nucleus within 15 min." SIGNOR-235608 MMP7 protein P09237 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272397 MMP8 protein P22894 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272398 MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272399 DDR1 protein Q08345 UNIPROT TM4SF1 protein P30408 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 30187813 t lperfetto "Gao et al have demonstrated that in metastatic breast cancer cell, DDR1 interacts with cell surface Transmembrane 4 L Six Family Member 1 (TM4SF1) and regulates tumor dormancy and reactivation [3]. The interaction between DDR1 and TM4SF1 is collagen dependent and control Protein Kinase C Alpha (PKCa) mediated downstream JAK-STAT signaling pathway [3] (Figure 3). Interestingly the data also showed that TM4SF1 failed to interact with DDR2. " SIGNOR-272400 TM4SF1 protein P30408 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 33015133 t lperfetto "TM4SF1 is a partner of DVL2 and positively modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by enhancing DVL2-Axin interaction." SIGNOR-272402 DDR1 protein Q08345 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9615 BTO:0000837 16611743 t lperfetto "Overexpression of DDR1a/b increased the interaction of DDR1 with SHP-2 and up-regulated the tyrosine phosphatase activity of SHP-2." SIGNOR-272403 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9615 BTO:0000837 16611743 t lperfetto "In addition, SHP-2 dephosphorylates tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat1/3/5A (Ohtani et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2003), and downregulates Stat3-mediated biological actions (Ohtani et al., 2000).|Inhibition of collagen-induced Stat3 tyrosine-705 (Stat3-p-Tyr)" SIGNOR-272404 PDZD8 protein Q8NEN9 UNIPROT MSN/PDZD8 complex SIGNOR-C61 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21549406 t miannu "These results demonstrated that both human moesin and its newly identified binding partner, pdzd8 had similar effects on host mt networks, suggesting that they are likely to function as part of a stable mt regulatory complex." SIGNOR-173650 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser683 TKEFFRRsKIAVFDK -1 8848293 t lperfetto "Only two peptides containing Ser-662 and Ser-696 were found to be efficiently phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC). The peptide including Ser-696 was also phosphorylated by protein kinase G (PKG)." SIGNOR-248954 TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT Protein_aggregates phenotype SIGNOR-PH142 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000312 22051914 f lperfetto "Pathological protein aggregates, identified as compact or skein-like ubiquitinated inclusions, are a cardinal feature of ALS.4–6 The identification of TDP-43 as the major protein constituent of these inclusions initi- ated a major shift in our understanding of the patho- biology of ALS" SIGNOR-262278 USP20 protein Q9Y2K6 UNIPROT CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25355518 t miannu "USP20 deubiquitinates and stabilizes Claspin." SIGNOR-272821 UBE2V1 protein Q13404 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11057907 t lperfetto "We find that traf6, a ring domain protein, functions together with ubc13/uev1a to catalyze the synthesis of unique polyubiquitin chains linked through lysine-63 (k63) of ubiquitin" SIGNOR-83603 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249640 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 17308127 t lperfetto "Previous work has shown that the Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) transcription factor represses p53 transcription by binding to the PE21 element." SIGNOR-270544 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser524 GMRGRKSsGFPKSVK -1 15280375 t lperfetto "These results indicate that PKA phosphorylates 5-LO on Ser-523, which inhibits the catalytic activity of 5-LO and reduces cellular LT generation." SIGNOR-264410 PYY protein P10082 UNIPROT NPY4R protein P50391 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7592911 t gcesareni "Human y4 bound human pp family members in i-pyy membrane binding assays with a distinctive rank order (table 1): pp > pyy > npy > npy free acid." SIGNOR-29767 paroxetine chemical CHEBI:7936 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 18487050 t Luana "For [3H]paroxetine, [3H]citalopram, [3H]nisoxetine, and [3H]WIN35,428 the following KD values were obtained on the human monoamine transporters hSERT, hNET, and hDAT by homologous competition experiments: 0.69 nM [3H]paroxetine, 4.46 nM [3H]citalopram, 6.77 nM [3H]nisoxetine, and 24.1 [3H]WIN35,428. " SIGNOR-257795 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1096 RYPNDSVyANWMLSP 9606 14711813 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr(806), tyr(809), tyr(900), tyr(905), tyr(981), tyr(1062), tyr(1090), and tyr(1096) were autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-121149 PEX6 protein Q13608 UNIPROT Protein_localization_to_peroxisome phenotype SIGNOR-PH86 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26476099 f "The Pex1 and Pex6 proteins are members of the AAA family of ATPases and are involved in peroxisome biogenesis." SIGNOR-253617 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30060484 f miannu "The bacterial endotoxin LPS is a known agonist of TLR2 that activates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NFκB [49]. In addition, the activation of the MAPK and NFκB signaling cascades drive inflammation and macrophage polarization. " SIGNOR-249519 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT RUSC1 protein Q9BVN2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19365808 t miannu " We demonstrated that NESCA and NEMO interact by their N-terminal region. Beside to NEMO, we revealed that NESCA directly associates to the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, which in turn catalyzes NESCA polyubiquitination. Finally, we demonstrated that NESCA overexpression strongly inhibits TRAF6-mediated polyubiquitination of NEMO. " SIGNOR-272774 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM50 protein Q86XT4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271190 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0003725 11439327 t miannu "We show that SK-UT-1B cells express a novel splice variant of Skp2 that localizes to the cytoplasm and that cyclin D1 ubiquitination takes place in the nucleus. We propose that the translocation of Skp2 into the nucleus is required for the ubiquitination of cyclin D1 and that the absence of the SCF(Skp2) complex in the nucleus of SK-UT-1B cells is the mechanism underlying the ubiquitination defect observed in this cell line." SIGNOR-272575 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11259630 f miannu "Cotransfection experiments show that Sp1 and its closely related family member Sp4 can trans-activate MAO B promoter activity through the proximal cluster of Sp1 sites and its activation can be repressed by the over-expression of Sp3 and a related family member BTEB2." SIGNOR-253870 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12591950 t gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylates two members of the bh3-only sub of bcl2-related proteins (bim and bmf)." SIGNOR-98399 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 BTO:0002882 11684015 t lperfetto "The RAD51 protein has been shown to be a substrate for caspase-3|he activated caspase-3 fragments (19 kDa and 17 kDa) and caspase-3 cleaved RAD51 fragment (∼23 kDa) was detected by Western analysis (Figure 3E). Activation of caspase-3 and the signature proteolytic degradation product of RAD51 only occurred in parental 32Dcl3 cells after treatment with cisplatin" SIGNOR-271708 ITSN1 protein Q15811 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000567 30540523 t lperfetto "Significantly, here we identify the long isoform of ITSN-1, which has Cdc42 GEF activity| We propose that GCC88 recruits ITSN-1-L to the TGN, which in turn activates Cdc42 at the trans-face of the Golgi (Figure 9A)." SIGNOR-260612 RUVBL2 protein Q9Y230 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269291 LRFN4 protein Q6PJG9 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 f miannu "The SALM (synaptic adhesion-like molecule) family of adhesion molecules, also known as Lrfn, belongs to the superfamily of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing adhesion molecules. Proteins of the SALM family, which includes five known members (SALMs 1-5), have been implicated in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and branching, and synapse formation and maturation.SALM3 and SALM5, but not other SALMs, possess synaptogenic activity, inducing presynaptic differentiation in contacting axons." SIGNOR-264092 CLASP1 protein Q7Z460 UNIPROT MAPRE1 protein Q15691 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15631994 t lperfetto "CLIP-associating protein (CLASP) 1 and CLASP2 are mammalian microtubule (MT) plus-end binding proteins, which associate with CLIP-170 and CLIP-115.|We demonstrate that the middle part of CLASPs binds directly to EB1 and to MTs. | Both EB1- and cortex-binding domains of CLASP are required to promote MT stability." SIGNOR-265094 blinatumomab antibody DB09052 DRUGBANK CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000731 25883042 t miannu "Blinatumomab, a bispecific antibody construct targeting CD19, is the most advanced member of bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) molecules.Blinatumomab recently gained approval in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-precursor relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia." SIGNOR-259888 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RAG1 protein P15918 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271067 FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr643 GVHHIDYyKKTSNGR 9606 BTO:0001130 18670643 t lperfetto "Binding of fgf to fgf receptors leads to receptor dimerization and subsequent tyrosine autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of target substrates. Autophosphorylation on tyrosine is considered to have at least two functions. One such function is the stimulation of the intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity by an allosteric mechanismthis antibody specifically recognizes tyr642/643 in fgfr-4." SIGNOR-179780 DTL protein Q9NZJ0 UNIPROT TDG protein Q13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24962565 t miannu "TDG Is Polyubiquitinated by CRL4Cdt2 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase in a PIP Degron-dependent Manner" SIGNOR-272847 GSK2126458 chemical CID:25167777 PUBCHEM PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192901 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr387 RTQTVRGtLAYLPEE -1 11960013 t "In vitro the IRAK-1 activation loop is a good substrate for IRAK-4, and that T387 and S376 are the main sites of phosphorylation by both IRAK-1 and IRAK-4." SIGNOR-251330 ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-268081 WNT7B protein P56706 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 f gcesareni "In explant cultures of mouse paraxial mesoderm, wnt1 induced expression of the mrf myf5, whereas wnt7a or wnt6 preferentially activated the mrf myod." SIGNOR-198925 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DDR2 protein Q16832 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr736 FGMSRNLySGDYYRI 9606 16186108 t gcesareni "Here, using baculoviral co-expression of the ddr2 cytosolic domain and src, we show that src targets three tyrosine residues (tyr-736, tyr-740, and tyr-741) in the activation loop of ddr2 for phosphorylation. This phosphorylation by src stimulates ddr2 cis-autophosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues." SIGNOR-140728 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001011 19381306 t miannu "RORα regulates the expression of several genes in Purkinje cells. RORα becomes highly expressed in postmitotic Purkinje cells. It regulates their maturation, particularly dendritic differentiation. Dendritogenesis and the expression of several genes, including Shh, Itpr1, Pcp4, Calb1, Pcp2, and Slc1a6, normally expressed in mature Purkinje cells, are inhibited in RORα-deficient mice." SIGNOR-266847 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-199174 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT PBXIP1 protein Q96AQ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000093 24488098 t miannu ". Accordingly, we identified the microtubule-associated HPIP, a positive regulator of oncogenic AKT signaling, as a novel MDM2 substrate. MDM2-dependent HPIP degradation occurs in breast cancer cells on its phosphorylation by the estrogen-activated kinase TBK1. " SIGNOR-272850 NUP54 protein Q7Z3B4 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262078 "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) chemical CHEBI:58885 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 8631325 t miannu "UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.9) catalyses the interconversion of MgUTP plus Glc1P and UDP-Glc plus MgPPi." SIGNOR-267924 "Caspase 6 complex" complex SIGNOR-C228 SIGNOR LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 11058599 t amattioni "Lamin a breakdown is largely mediated by caspase-6 during the execution phase of apoptosis." SIGNOR-256457 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-267846 MRPL42 protein Q9Y6G3 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262354 "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263775 PCDHAC2 protein Q9Y5I4 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-269038 UVRAG protein Q9P2Y5 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17106237 t lperfetto "UVRAG interacts with Beclin 1, leading to activation of autophagy and thereof inhibition of tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-150825 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT N protein P59595 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp400 VTLLPAAdMDDFSRQ 9534 BTO:0001444 18155731 t Luana "Caspase-6 is activated through the intrinsic pathway and mediates C-terminal cleavage of SARS-CoV N at residues 400 and 403" SIGNOR-260211 BBS2 protein Q9BXC9 UNIPROT "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 19081074 t lperfetto "We recently showed that seven highly conserved BBS proteins form a stable complex, the BBSome, that functions in membrane trafficking to and inside the primary cilium.|As a first step in characterizing this protein, we investigated the biochemical properties of its binding to the core BBSome (previously defined as the BBS1, -2, -4, -5, -7, -8, and -9 complex). We subjected the native LAP-BBS4 eluate to velocity sedimentation analysis (Figure 1C). BBIP10 clearly cosedimented with BBS4 at 14S, suggesting that BBIP10 strongly associates with the core BBSome" SIGNOR-262557 MIS12 protein Q9H081 UNIPROT "MIS12 complex" complex SIGNOR-C362 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27881301 t lperfetto "Human MIS12C (also known as MIND complex or Mtw1 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) contains the MIS12, PMF1, NSL1, and DSN1 subunits" SIGNOR-265190 HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT EMX2 protein Q04743 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15494461 f miannu "EMSA demonstrated HOXA10-Pbx2 binding as a heterodimer to an enhancer of the EMX2 gene, a known target of HOXA10 regulation." SIGNOR-254465 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr319 TSVYESPySDPEELK 8798643 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide encompassing the motif harboring tyr319, ysdp, interacted with lcksh2;tyr319-mediated binding of the sh2 domain of lck is crucial for zap-70 activation and consequently for the propagation of the signaling cascade leading to t-cell activation" SIGNOR-43659 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF217 protein Q8TC41 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270951 1124329-14-1 chemical CID:56973724 PUBCHEM TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190137 Guanabenz chemical CHEBI:5553 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258909 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253791 FSTL1 protein Q12841 UNIPROT DIP2A protein Q14689 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005562 20054002 t miannu "We identified DIP2A as a novel FSTL1-binding partner from the membrane fraction of endothelial cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed a direct physical interaction between FSTL1 and DIP2A. The work in the current study identifies DIP2A as a novel receptor for FSTL1 that mediates Akt activation and cell survival and function in cardiovascular cells in vitro." SIGNOR-266603 ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266528 KREMEN2 protein Q8NCW0 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12050670 t gcesareni "Here we show that the transmembrane proteins kremen1 and kremen2 are high-affinity dkk1 receptors that functionally cooperate with dkk1 to block wnt/beta-catenin signalling. Kremen2 forms a ternary complex with dkk1 and lrp6, and induces rapid endocytosis and removal of the wnt receptor lrp6 from the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-88894 PSMC6 protein P62333 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263370 SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24241034 t lperfetto "Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages derived from arthritic joints spontaneously secreted tenascin-C and osteopontin. Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages obtained from patients with RA expressed α9β1 integrins, a common receptor for osteopontin and tenascin-C." SIGNOR-253311 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 19158493 t gcesareni "P21-mediated degradation of cyclin b1 in response to dna damage is necessary for the maintenance of g2 cell cycle arrest." SIGNOR-183498 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0006301 30910998 t Monia "Immunoprecipitation assays of interaction between GLS and SIRT5 in HepG2 cells infected with lentivirus containing empty or BAG3 construct. Ectopic BAG3 expression decreases the interaction between GLS and SIRT5. It has been reported that SIRT5 is responsible for desuccinylation of GLS35, immunoprecipitation (IP) was then performed." SIGNOR-261207 IFNW1 protein P05000 UNIPROT IFNAR1 protein P17181 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278538 t gcesareni "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-105979 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser525 YGMIERLsPGTRKIE 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265947 EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT EIF4A1 protein P60842 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11418588 t "Either eIF4B or eIF4H stimulated the initial rate and amplitude of eIF4A-dependent duplex unwinding, and the magnitude of stimulation is dependent on duplex stability" SIGNOR-261293 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser229 VKIYSSNsGPTRRED 9606 BTO:0000672 15793569 t llicata "In addition, active rhoa is able to stimulate the phospholipid phosphatase activity of pten in human embryonic kidney cells and leukocytes, and this regulation seems to require rhoa's downstream effector, rhoa-associated kinase (rock). together with the observation that individual substitution of ser 229 and thr 223 restored some of the rescuing ability (fig. 4b), we conclude that effective regulation of pten by sdf-1 may require more than one of these residues." SIGNOR-134851 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000011 12270934 t lperfetto "Our results suggest that activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway during the initial 12 h of adipogenesis enhances the activity of factors that regulate both C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma expression." SIGNOR-235334 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1219 DDTESLHsQGEEEFD 9606 22621922 t gcesareni "Here we report phosphorylation of 53bp1 at several novel residues, using mass spectrometry and phospho-specific antibodies, and show that ionising radiation-stimulated phosphorylation of these residues requires atm." SIGNOR-197611 EP400 protein Q96L91 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269289 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C6 11062529 t gcesareni "The cofactors grip-1, cbp/p300 and pcaf have hat activity and function as co-activators for mef-2c during myogenesis." SIGNOR-83843 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 9606 BTO:0000567 15322115 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at tyr701 by the janus family of tyrosine kinases (jak) leads to stat1 dimerization via its src homology 2 domains, exposure of a dimer-specific nuclear localization signal, and subsequent nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-235709 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1037 QQCRVLGtSPEAIDS -1 11986331 t llicata "Autophosphorylation resulted in a 2-fold increase in CPSase activity, an increased sensitivity to the feedback inhibitor UTP, and decreased allosteric activation by 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate" SIGNOR-250610 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr47 GTESEMEtPSAINGN 9606 10617621 t lperfetto "Sapk phosphorylates bcl-x(l) on threonine 47 (thr-47) and threonine 115 (thr-115) in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to wild-type bcl-x(l), a mutant bcl-x(l) with the two threonines substituted by alanines (ala-47, ala-115) is a more potent inhibitor of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis" SIGNOR-73642 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ARIH1 protein Q9Y4X5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271012 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 TVLVKDStNRDSLDM 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 12486117 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-96632 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT CADPS2 protein Q86UW7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28647363 f gianni "This approach enabled us to disclose a differential effect of high levels of LRRK2 and aSyn on CADPS2 promoter activity. Specifically, CADPS2 transcriptional activity was enhanced by high cellular levels of LRRK2 and reduced by overexpression of aSyn. Consistently, CADPS2 mRNA levels were diminished in aSyn overexpressing cells." SIGNOR-268928 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 21098032 t gcesareni "Kinase activity of plk3 was significantly activated by hyperosmotic stimulation. Further downstream, active plk3 phosphorylated atf-2 at the thr-71 site in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-170004 ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14500986 t "We have found that signaling via the erythrocyte beta2-adrenergic receptor and heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Galphas) regulated the entry of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum." SIGNOR-256149 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr244 GRAKGSEtPGATPGS 9606 12105215 t lperfetto "To map the set of phosphorylation sites in sap155-(223-322) that determine its interaction with nipp1, we have identified phosphorylation sites of cyclin e-cdk2 by the sequencing of proteolytically derived phosphopeptide). Three phosphorylation sites were identified as thr244, thr248, and thr313" SIGNOR-216686 NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003081;BTO:0000849 30616754 t lperfetto "For instance, nucleophosmin (NPM1) and zinc-finger protein X-linked (ZFX) bind to the E-box and ZFX binding site on the FBP1 promoter, respectively, and restrain FBP1 expression to facilitate aerobic glycolysis in PDAC and melanoma" SIGNOR-267594 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 10652271 t gcesareni "We also demonstrate that mmp-9, as well as its relative, mmp-2, cleave latent transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta), which constitutes a novel mechanism of tgf-beta activation" SIGNOR-74384 COL6A2 protein P12110 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Muscle basement membrane consists primarily of a type IV collagen network, however types VI, XV, and XVIII are also present." SIGNOR-254674 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR HSD11B2 protein P80365 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15659537 f miannu "Overexpression of p50 inhibited HSD11B2 promoter activity and overexpression of Egr-1 inhibited transactivation of the HSD11B2 promoter by p65/p50." SIGNOR-253877 SPAG9 protein O60271 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT unknown binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222;BTO:0002181 SIGNOR-C21 22337877 t lperfetto "Cdo and jlp interacted with ask1 or tak1 in 293t cells and c2c12 myoblasts" SIGNOR-235545 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10488065 t gcesareni "Edg-3 and edg-5 couple not only to gibut also to gqand g13" SIGNOR-70713 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23074268 f gcesareni "Canonical hh signaling plays an essential role in cell proliferation throught introduction of the genes encoding cyclin d1 and n-myc" SIGNOR-199126 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser126 VKRERTSsLTQFPPS 9606 18280241 t llicata "Rsk phosphorylates serine 58 of ranbp3 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-252770 MYOF protein Q9NZM1 UNIPROT Myoblast_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH98 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 16280346 f "These data support a role for myoferlin in the maturation of myotubes and the formation of large myotubes that arise from the fusion of myoblasts to multinucleate myotubes" SIGNOR-255973 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY2 protein Q08462 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-203983 RBBP5 protein Q15291 UNIPROT "MLL/SET subcomplex" complex SIGNOR-C87 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complexincluding wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-204825 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr320 NPGGRPItPPRNSAK 9606 12202491 t gcesareni "Both of these pp1 isoforms contain an arg-pro-ile/val-thr-pro-pro-arg sequence near the c terminus, a known site of phosphorylation by cdc/cdk kinases, and phosphorylation attenuates phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-92265 NRG3 protein P56975 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 9275162 t gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-50614 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000970 20208568 f gcesareni "The notch target gene hes1 causes transcriptional inhibition of deltex1 by directly binding to the promoter of deltex1." SIGNOR-164071 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr177 ADAEKPFyVNVEFHH 9606 9407116 t lperfetto "The src family kinase hck interacts with bcr-abl by a kinase-independent mechanism and phosphorylates the grb2-binding site of bcr" SIGNOR-53964 "bisphenol A" chemical CHEBI:33216 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity. Here, we evaluated the endocrine-disrupting risks of the bisphenols by investigating their agonist and antagonist activities with the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors. Our results showed that BPA, BPS, and BPF (BPs) have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities and decrease the ERα protein level. ." SIGNOR-268732 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr135 GGGSTSDtQEDILDE 9606 11867762 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of irf-3 by dna-pk after virus infection results in its nuclear retention and delayed proteolysis" SIGNOR-115331 cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol smallmolecule CHEBI:17759 ChEBI calciol smallmolecule CHEBI:28940 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001253 30080183 t lperfetto "Ultraviolet radiation results in the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to pre-vitamin D, which isomerizes to vitamin D in the skin" SIGNOR-270561 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser51 LRPSTSRsLYASSPG -1 2500966 t miannu "Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65. Domain- and sequence-specific phosphorylation of vimentin induces disassembly of the filament structure." SIGNOR-250069 INTS9 protein Q9NV88 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261471 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10900149 t gcesareni "Arp-1/rxr, coup-tfi/rxr, and arp-1/coup-tfi heterodimers bound the fp330-3' site" SIGNOR-79449 NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19250911 t gcesareni "Nbr1 and p62 interact and form oligomers." SIGNOR-184273 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 22298955 t lperfetto "Smurf1, with its WW domain, specifically binds to the PY motif of Smad6 and transports Smad6 into the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-105931 Wnt proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF40 SIGNOR LPR5/6 complex SIGNOR-C219 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23209147 t miannu "FZD and LRP5/6 transduce Wnt signal via engaging downstream cytoplasmic components, among which two scaffolding proteins, Dishevelled and Axin, have prominent roles." SIGNOR-256174 EXOC8 protein Q8IYI6 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270783 NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24392140 f lperfetto "In HEK293A cells transfected with luciferase reporter constructs, necdin relieves Bmi1-dependent repression of p16 promoter activity," SIGNOR-253383 "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269027 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257658 ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT MYOD/E2-2 complex SIGNOR-C129 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241155 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT AHSA1 protein O95433 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr223 LTSPEELyRVFTTQE 9606 26235616 t Manara "Here, we show that c-Abl kinase phosphorylates Y223 in human Aha1 (hAha1), promoting its interaction with Hsp90. This, consequently, results in an increased Hsp90 ATPase activity" SIGNOR-260938 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NCOA6 protein Q14686 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser884 NKDVTLTsPLLVNLL -1 11773444 t miannu "In vitro phosphorylation studies with His-tagged TRBP (795–931) suggested that S884 can be phosphorylated by MAPK (ERK2) in vitro (Fig. 10A).Analysis of in vitro and in vivo receptor interactions with TRBP suggested that S884 allowed selective interactions for ERβ, TR, and RXR vs. ERα." SIGNOR-265882 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-252674 CBX4 protein O00257 UNIPROT ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" sumoylation Lys391 QTGLLKIkTEPLDFN 9534 16061479 t Luisa "Pc2 can act directly as an E3 ligase for SIP1 sumoylation.SIP1 sumoylation having a negative effect on its repression of E-cadherin transcription." SIGNOR-268955 DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT GNB5 protein O14775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21303898 t miannu "The D2-class dopamine receptors (D2, D3, and D4) couple to the Gi/o family of G proteins and thus induce inhibition of AC" SIGNOR-264993 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr407 IIDEEDTyTMPSTRD 9606 16760434 t gcesareni "Activated rock phosphorylates fak on ser732, which is essential for phosphorylation of tyr407 and for cell migration. We further show that pyk2 is activated by vegf-induced clustering of integrin v 3 and is responsible for the phosphorylation of tyr407." SIGNOR-147070 HES5 protein Q5TA89 UNIPROT NEUROG2 protein Q9H2A3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 30030829 f lperfetto "The basic-helixloop-helix factors HES1 and HES5 repress the expression of the proneural genes (Ascl1, Atoh1, Neurog1 and Neurog2) and thereby inhibit NSCs differentiation and neuron production" SIGNOR-265143 POT1 protein Q9NUX5 UNIPROT RPA1 protein P27694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C306 18680434 t lperfetto "The current model for how telomeres repress ATR signaling proposes that POT1/TPP1 prevents the binding of RPA to the single-stranded telomeric DNA" SIGNOR-263325 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser204 KNSRVTFsEDDEIIN -1 9407077 t llicata "Phosphorylation of NIPP-1 in a heterodimeric complex with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1 resulted in an activation of the holoenzyme without a release of NIPP-1. Sequencing and phosphoamino acid analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides enabled us to identify Ser178 and Ser199 as the phosphorylation sites of protein kinase A, whereas Thr161 and Ser204 were phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2." SIGNOR-251023 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr387 TMKRRDEtMQPAKPS 9606 20513427 t "PHLPPs dephosphorylate Mst1 on the T387 inhibitory site, which activate Mst1 and its downstream effectors p38 and JNK to induce apoptosis." SIGNOR-248329 CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7737275 t fspada "In this study, we demonstrate that the co-stimulatory antigen cd28 binds to grb-2 by means of a cytoplasmic pymnm motif, which is the same motif bound by pi 3-kinase." SIGNOR-32509 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24183681 t apalma "In summary, our data demonstrate that C/EBPα negatively regulates Sox4 transcription via direct DNA-binding." SIGNOR-255675 CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16977332 t lperfetto "Apaf-1 exists in an inactive conformation in cells and is activated through binding to cytochrome c and dATP." SIGNOR-149574 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161613 TGFB2 protein P61812 UNIPROT TGFB2 protein P61812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885528 t gcesareni "The active form of tgf-b is a dimer stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and usually further strengthened by an intersubunit disulfide bridge" SIGNOR-148608 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1981 SLAFEEGsQSTTISS 9606 17124492 t lperfetto "Atr-dependent phosphorylation and activation of atm in response to uv treatment or replication fork stalling. Here, we show that atm phosphorylation at ser1981, a characterised autophosphorylation site, is atr-dependent and atm-independent following replication fork stalling or uv treatment" SIGNOR-150870 Laminin-10 complex SIGNOR-C182 SIGNOR Laminin-10 complex SIGNOR-C182 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 t lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253277 SBDS protein Q9Y3A5 UNIPROT EIF6 protein P56537 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 21536732 f miannu "Human sbds is an essential cofactor for the efl1 gtpase, and together they cooperate to directly catalyze the release of eif6 from mammalian pre-60s ribosomal subunits" SIGNOR-173536 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 19010791 t miannu "We find that foxl2 activity is repressed by the sirt1 deacetylase." SIGNOR-182306 torkinib chemical CHEBI:90679 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258268 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr627 KGDKQVEyLDLDLDS 9606 10068651 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of gab2 was induced by stimulation through gp130, il-2r, il-3r, tpor, scfr, and tcr. Gab1 and gab2 were shown to be substrates for shp-2 in vitro." SIGNOR-236262 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9892110 t lperfetto "SMAD7 functions as an antagonist to TGFB by binding to the TBRI and thus inhibiting activation of SMAD2 and SMAD3." SIGNOR-64088 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT RBM17 protein Q96I25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser204 DSRPRSQsSKAAIPP 9534 BTO:0001538 23519612 t miannu "In this work, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) phosphorylates SPF45 on eight serine residues." SIGNOR-262706 CMC1 protein Q7Z7K0 UNIPROT "MITRAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C538 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23260140 t "By analyzing MITRAC12 interaction partners, we show that recently identified assembly factors, such as c12orf62, CMC1, and the novel assembly factor MITRAC15, are constituents of MITRAC complexes" SIGNOR-272481 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser283 NLQMLPEsEDEESYD 9606 BTO:0000782 8622692 t llicata "Casein kinase ii phosphorylates i kappa b alpha at s-283, s-289, s-293, and t-291 and is required for its degradation." SIGNOR-40502 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23038772 f gcesareni "The downregulation of fbox32 expression by high yap activity in activated satellite cells may contribute to sustaining high levels of myod in activated satellite cells." SIGNOR-199069 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr187 NAGSVEQtPKKPGLR 9606 10931950 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of kip1 on thr-187, by cdk1 and cdk2 leads to protein ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-80230 RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-267807 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys180 SPAPSSTkPGPESSV 9606 18347055 t "K63-linked polyubiquitination of proximal signaling proteins is a common mechanism used by diverse innate immune receptors for recruiting IKK and activating NF-_B" SIGNOR-252252 GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT ARHGEF12 protein Q9NZN5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 12024019 t "P115 RhoGEF stimulates the intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity of G alpha 12/13 subunits and acts as an effector for G13-coupled receptors by linking receptor activation to RhoA activation." SIGNOR-256522 PHF3 protein Q92576 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 34667177 t miannu "PHF3 interacts with RNA polymerase II through the SPOC domain. PHF3 negatively regulates mRNA levels. Here, we identify PHD-finger protein 3 (PHF3) as a regulator of transcription and mRNA stability that docks onto Pol II CTD through its SPOC domain. Our data suggest that PHF3 acts as a prominent effector of neuronal gene regulation by bridging transcription with mRNA decay. PHF3 SPOC preferentially binds RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylated on Serine-2" SIGNOR-266964 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ 9606 BTO:0000938 9771888 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" gcesareni "Tau is phosphorylated by gsk-3 at several sites found in alzheimer disease and its biological activity markedly inhibited only after it is prephosphorylated by a-kinase." SIGNOR-60651 (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-2-fluoro-9-purinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol chemical CHEBI:94701 ChEBI RRM1 protein P23921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7048062 t miannu "In vitro biological activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine and the biochemical actions of its triphosphate on DNA polymerases and ribonucleotide reductase from HeLa cells. 2-F-araATP was a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase" SIGNOR-258404 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t lperfetto "Upon the expression of myogenin, myogenin, mef2d, and brg1 localize to the myogenin promoter to maintain myogenin expression./ Swi/snf chromatin-remodeling activity is required for myogenin expression in differentiated skeletal muscle" SIGNOR-217740 GSK1059615 chemical CHEBI:71955 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192774 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRAF5 protein O00463 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271084 TFAP2B protein Q92481 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 21556774 t miannu "These data suggest that AP-2Œ≤ enhances transactivation of p53 and regulates CRYAB transcription via p53. Further study demonstrated that AP-2Œ≤ interacts with p53 and augments its protein stability. Taken together, our results indicate that AP-2Œ≤ up-regulates the transcription of the CRYAB gene through stabilizing p53." SIGNOR-255422 IPA-3 chemical CHEBI:101355 ChEBI PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0003897 23894351 t lperfetto "In the current study, an allosteric small molecule PAK1 inhibitor, IPA-3, was evaluated for the potential in suppressing hepatocarcinogenesis. Consistent with other reports, inhibition of PAK1 activity was observed in several human HCC cell lines treated with various dosages of IPA-3." SIGNOR-262017 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24743741 f "Activation of PDGFRα stimulates proliferation of PDGFRα(+) cells through PI3K-Akt and MEK2-MAPK signaling pathways, and aberrant accumulation of PDGFRα(+) cells was conspicuous in muscles of patients with both genetic and non-genetic muscle diseases." SIGNOR-254372 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15546612 t gcesareni "Purified recombinant cycc:cdk8 phosphorylates the notch icd within the tad and pest domains, and expression of cycc:cdk8 strongly enhances notch icd hyperphosphorylation and pest-dependent degradation by the fbw7/sel10 ubiquitin ligase in vivo." SIGNOR-254312 YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16429158 t miannu "YARS (also known as TyrRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism. Tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl-adenylate and is then transferred to tRNATyr" SIGNOR-270519 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser395 SQESEDYsQPSTSSS 9606 BTO:0002552 11331603 t lperfetto "Atm phosphorylates mdm2 on s395 in vitro. Moreover, s395 appears to be phosphorylated in an atm-dependent manner in vivo the precise mechanism through which s395 phosphorylation attenuates mdm2 function is unclear." SIGNOR-107256 adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33568 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257876 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val72 GLTEYRLvSINKSSP -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263579 ASH1L protein Q9NR48 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000942 27229316 t Gianni "Our results reveal that a novel process of activity-dependent transcriptional repression exists in neurons and that Ash1L mediates the long-term repression of nrxn1α, thus implicating an important role for epigenetic modification in brain functioning." SIGNOR-269056 REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT PENK protein P01210 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21832040 f miannu "HIPPI could bind to the promoter of REST and increased its expression in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells. Such activation of REST down-regulated expression of REST target genes, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or proenkephalin (PENK)." SIGNOR-255074 PGD protein P52209 UNIPROT 6-phospho-D-gluconate smallmolecule CHEBI:16863 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "6 PG undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) producing Ru5P and the second NADPH molecule." SIGNOR-267060 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000671 12807881 f miannu "We found rfp-mediated activation of both exogenous and endogenous forms of the other stress-activated mapk, p38." SIGNOR-102025 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f gcesareni "In this study, we found that metformin increased shp gene expression via ampk activation and inhibited the expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic genes pepck and g6pase via upregulation of shp." SIGNOR-158059 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265418 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser231 KSNIVLLsAEEKKEQ 9606 7678037 t llicata "These data suggest taht CKII can phosphorylate more than one site on CD20 molecule. | Taken together, this data shown that insulin can increase serine/ threonine phosphorylation and may stimulate CKII activity in B cells." SIGNOR-250915 FOXN3 protein O00409 UNIPROT PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002552 24403608 t Luana "CHES1/FOXN3 regulates cell proliferation by repressing PIM2 and protein biosynthesis." SIGNOR-261607 RAG1 protein P15918 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 22790199 t gcesareni "Rag gtpases, together with a multi-protein complex called ragulator, mediate amino acid-mediated mtor recruitment to the lysosome surface where mtor becomes activated." SIGNOR-198242 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15688067 t miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257731 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9576626 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a1 binds and activates the tyrosine kinase activity of eph-a2, and has a dissociation constant of 20_30 nm" SIGNOR-56901 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr204 LTRYTRPtPVQKHAI 9606 SIGNOR-C17 16280325 t lperfetto "Thr204 to glu204 ddx3 mutant protein lost its function, suggesting that phosphorylation at thr204 affects ddx3 function. Thr204 was phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2. Thr323 in motif ib was also phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2 kinase. We propose a novel function of cyclin b/cdc2 kinase in mitosis, which is to cause a loss of ddx3 function to repress cyclin a expression and to decrease ribosome biogenesis and translation during mitosis." SIGNOR-141565 IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004087 24811175 t lperfetto "Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that mediate the activation of signaling pathways in response to ligand stimulation of upstream cell surface receptors. Despite sharing a high level of homology and the ability to activate PI3K, only Irs-2 positively regulates aerobic glycolysis in mammary tumor cells." SIGNOR-252696 HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT ALB protein P02768 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 1673926 f Regulation miannu "VHNF1 transactivated the albumin promoter in transfection experiments" SIGNOR-251930 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PLSCR1 protein O15162 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr74 PVYNQPVyNQPVGAA 9606 11390389 t Manara "Our data establish that the Abl SH3 domain binds to the N-terminal proline-rich segment of PLSCR1 and that ABL1 phosphorylates Tyr residues of the PLSCR1 polypeptide, most likely Tyr69 and Tyr74 within the tandem repeat sequence" SIGNOR-260808 GNB5 protein O14775 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004032 21303898 t miannu "The D2-class dopamine receptors (D2, D3, and D4) couple to the Gi/o family of G proteins and thus induce inhibition of AC" SIGNOR-264996 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SRDPVARtSPLQTPA 9606 10567572 t gcesareni "G(2)/m-phase cells proved more susceptible to death signals, and phosphorylation of bcl-2 appeared to be responsible, as a ser70ala substitution restored resistance to apoptosis. We noted that ask1 and jnk1 were normally activated at g(2)/m phase, and jnk was capable of phosphorylating bcl-2.." SIGNOR-72361 GTP smallmolecule CHEBI:15996 ChEBI GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 17095603 t gcesareni "Galfa subunits cycle between inactive (gdp-bound) and active (gtp-bound) states, and the lifetime of the active state is limited by gtp hydrolysis." SIGNOR-150552 DDB2 protein Q92466 UNIPROT DDB2/DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C39 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9418871 t miannu "Ddb was identified as a heterodimeric protein (48 and 127 kda) that binds to uv-damaged dna" SIGNOR-54099 ENAH protein Q8N8S7 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18508258 f miannu "Here we review recent findings into Ena/VASP function in neurite initiation, axon outgrowth and guidance." SIGNOR-268392 IL27 protein Q8NEV9 UNIPROT IL27RA protein Q6UWB1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000876 14764690 t gcesareni "Wsx-1 and glycoprotein 130 constitute a signal-transducing receptor for il-27." SIGNOR-121799 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MKNK2 protein Q9HBH9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9155017 t gcesareni "Erk and p38 phosphorylate mnk1 and mnk2, which stimulates their in vitro kinase activity." SIGNOR-48355 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT SLA protein Q13239 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr120 SETKKGFySLSVRHR 9534 24284075 t miannu "Oncogenic c-Kit-D816V phosphorylates SLAP on residues Y120, Y258 and Y273. Mutation of the SLAP tyrosine phosphorylation sites rescues its activity" SIGNOR-263140 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24352680 t fstefani "Upon activation, tlrs hetero- or homodimerize inducing the recruitment of adaptor proteins via the cytoplasmic tir domain" SIGNOR-203484 MGLL protein Q99685 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 26997225 f irozzo "Overexpression of MGLL inhibits proliferation and delays cell cycle progression in QGY-7703 cells. Forced overexpression of MGLL in human HCC cells resulted in marked inhibition in cell proliferation with a significant delay in cell cycle progression [.]" SIGNOR-259139 CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000776 19904719 f fstefani "Cd40 has been found to be essential in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including t cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory b cell development" SIGNOR-189109 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10347227 t lperfetto "However, the autocatalytic activities of both mkk6 and mkk7 were enhanced by their coexpression with either mekk3 or mekk2." SIGNOR-236122 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr916 DELLDLCtGKFTSQA 9606 16963448 t gcesareni "We found that thr-916 on claspin is phosphorylated by chk1, suggesting that chk1 regulates claspin during checkpoint response." SIGNOR-149411 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CARHSP1 protein Q9Y2V2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser52 TRRTRTFsATVRASQ 9606 BTO:0000671 15910284 t lperfetto "These and other results demonstrate that crhsp24 is phosphorylated at ser52 by pkbalpha in response to igf-1, at ser52 by pkbalpha and rsk in response to egf" SIGNOR-137430 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNA1C protein Q13936 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1897 LLRKANPsRCHSRES 10090 28119464 t "These findings reveal an essential role for _1C phosphorylation at Ser1928 in stimulating CaV1.2 channel activity and vasoconstriction by AKAP-targeted PKA upon exposure to increased glucose and in diabetes" SIGNOR-251709 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser807 PGGNIYIsPLKSPYK 9606 15051889 t "ppRB (RB phosphorylated at Ser-807/811|Possible Mechanisms of HYA22 Action in Tumorigenesis: Dephosphorylation of RB by Transient Expression of HYA22 Isoforms." SIGNOR-248304 glucose chemical CHEBI:17234 ChEBI Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0004424 26323688 t "inferred from family member" "Consistently, treatment of cells with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), which completely inhibits glucose metabolism, leads to HK2 degradation and cell death in combination with C43" SIGNOR-270265 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 8454627 t "In cotransfection experiments, the C/EBP beta protein trans-activated 10-15-fold the cAspAT gene promoter in HepG2 cells. Deletion studies revealed that regions P2 and P4 are critical for promoter activity. In gel retardation experiments, the P4 region bound different C/EBP-related proteins in different tissues" SIGNOR-254051 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT PDC protein P20941 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser54 KEILRQMsSPQSRNG 11331285 t llicata "In this study, we report that Pd was rapidly phosphorylated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, resulting in 100-fold greater inhibition of Gbetagamma binding than cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, Pd phosphorylation by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II at Ser-54 and Ser-73 led to binding of the phosphoserine-binding protein 14-3-3." SIGNOR-250636 MAT2B protein Q9NZL9 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001938 30942439 f miannu "MAT2B Promotes Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma by Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen" SIGNOR-261243 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val55 VTGKGVTvETVFSVD -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263599 linagliptin chemical CHEBI:68610 ChEBI DPP4 protein P27487 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 18052023 t Luana "Herein, we report the discovery of the novel, potent, and selective DPP-4 inhibitor 1 (BI 1356)9 originating from the class of xanthines (Chart 1)" SIGNOR-257764 BPTF protein Q12830 UNIPROT HNuRF complex SIGNOR-C448 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14609955 t miannu "hNURF is a chromatin remodeler. Here, we describe the purification of the first human SNF2L complex. The subunit composition suggests that it represents the human ortholog of the dNURF complex. In this regard, the hNURF complex also contains BPTF and RbAP46/48. Surprisingly, hNURF does not contain the inorganic pyrophosphatase protein NURF38. Nonetheless, the biochemical activity of hNURF is similar as it displayed predominantly nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity, as well as potent chromatin-remodeling activity on oligonucleosomal arrays." SIGNOR-268817 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254858 GLUL protein P15104 UNIPROT ammonium smallmolecule CHEBI:28938 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30158707 t miannu "Glutamine synthetase, encoded by the gene GLUL, is an enzyme that converts glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. certain cell types express glutamine synthetase (GS; also called glutamate-ammonia ligase; GLUL), the enzyme capable of de novo glutamine production from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP and Mg2+/Mn2+ requiring reaction." SIGNOR-267825 RPS29 protein P62273 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262422 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser645 RPASVPPsPSLSRHS -1 6772446 t "Glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylates three serine residues on glycogen synthase (sites 3a, 3b and 3c) which are all located in the same nine-amino-acid segment of the polypeptide chain. The sequence in this region is: Arg-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ala-Ser(P)-Val-Pro-Pro-Ser(P)-Pro-Ser-Leu-Ser(P)-Arg-." SIGNOR-253006 ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT DCTN4 protein Q9UJW0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0001103 19109891 t miannu "We present evidence for an ankyrin-based mechanism for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin and beta-DG. Ankyrin-B thus is an adaptor required for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin, as well as dynactin-4." SIGNOR-266713 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser694 QTSKRHDsDTFPELK 9606 20085797 t lperfetto "We identify a novel akt phosphorylation site in brca1 at s694 which is responsive to activation of these signaling pathways. These data suggest akt phosphorylation of brca1 increases total protein expression by preventing proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-163472 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887 16364914 t gcesareni "Ksrp phosphorylated by p38 displays compromised binding to are-containing transcripts and fails to promote their rapid decay,although it retains the ability to interact with the mrna degradation machinery." SIGNOR-143167 INHBA protein P08476 UNIPROT ACVR2B protein Q13705 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8622651 t gcesareni "Activin binds directly to ActR-IIB, and this complex associates with ActR-IB, which does not bind ligand on its own. In the resulting complex, ActR-IB becomes hyperphosphorylated, and this requires the kinase activity of ActR-IIB." SIGNOR-235142 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser117 ESLQRRLsVYRQIVD 9606 12402044 t llicata "Hcds1/chk2 phosphorylates pml at ser 117 in vitro. hcds1/chk2 phosphorylates pml in vivo." SIGNOR-94872 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t gcesareni "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-187193 MAS1 protein P04201 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26460884 t miannu "We further determined that GPCRs, AT1R, and MAS directly recruited FLNa and promoted its phosphorylation by cellular S/T kinases in an agonist-dependent manner. Our studies thus provide a structural framework for filamin in GPCR signaling, potentially regulating a variety of cellular responses. MAS likely binds filamin constitutively and hence leads to constitutive filamin phosphorylation. These results emphasize that it is the active receptor that mediates filamin phosphorylation by PKA or other cellular S/T kinases" SIGNOR-260627 PTN protein P21246 UNIPROT ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278720 t gcesareni "We conclude from this series of experiments that ptn specifically binds to the alk orphan receptor as a high affinity ligand at least in part via the putative ligand binding domain described above." SIGNOR-106411 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 15084261 t gcesareni "The active form of prb is underphosphorylated. Cdk3/cyclin-c-mediated phosphorylation at ser-807 and ser-811 is required for g0-g1 transition." SIGNOR-124212 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser626 SLECDMEsIIRSELM 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249688 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0001544 19261608 t "The Abl kinase inhibitors and depletion of Bcr-Abl induced the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, which dephosphorylated Ser-473 on Akt1, -2, and -3, resulting in inhibited proliferation of CML cells.|Thus, Bcr-Abl represses the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 and continuously activates Akt1, -2, and -3 via phosphorylation on Ser-473, resulting in the proliferation of CML cells." SIGNOR-248327 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58681 ChEBI N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:143788 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34283828 t miannu "In humans, GART [phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) / phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (EC 6.3.4.13) / phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1)] is a trifunctional protein which catalyzes the second, third, and fifth reactions of the ten step de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) pathway. The second step of DNPS is conversion of phosphoribosylamine (5-PRA) to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR)." SIGNOR-267296 DET1 protein Q7L5Y6 UNIPROT "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17452440 t lperfetto "Mammalian det1 regulates cul4a activity and forms stable complexes with e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes" SIGNOR-154508 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 20509143 f miannu "SLUG up-regulation engenders breast cancer cells with stem cell-like properties including enhanced expression of CD44 and Jagged-1 in conjunction with estrogen receptor alpha down-regulation, growth as mammospheres, and extracellular matrix invasiveness." SIGNOR-255151 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser180 KKKPKKKsCLLL 9534 9867809 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Rap1A by PKA abolished its binding activity to CRR. a mutant Rap1A(S180E), whose sole PKA phosphorylation residue, Ser-180, was substituted by an acidic residue, Glu, to mimic its phosphorylated form, failed to suppress Ras-dependent Raf-1 activation in COS-7 cells." SIGNOR-250042 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT ACTC1 protein P68032 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9171244 f miannu "Expression of YY1 inhibited cardiac alpha-actin promoter activity, whereas coexpression of Nkx-2.5 and SRF was able to partially reverse YY1 repression." SIGNOR-255616 SLC9A2 protein Q9UBY0 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265592 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14623295 t miannu "Calcineurin is a heterodimer consisting of a catalytic subunit with a molecular mass of about 59 kDa (calcienurin A or CNA) and a regulatory subunit with a molecular mass of 19 kDa (calcineurin B or CNB)." SIGNOR-255291 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 SPQVRTLsGSRPPLL 9606 BTO:0000669 11500364 t lperfetto "We show that two such kinases, p70 s6 kinase (regulated via mtor) and p90(rsk1) (activated by erk), phosphorylate eef2k at a conserved serine and inhibit its activity" SIGNOR-109708 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 16501611 t "Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway." SIGNOR-248572 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser272 SNHGLAIsPGMKTRI 9606 BTO:0000130 14499342 t lperfetto "Mapk-activated protein kinase-2 (mk2) is activated by p38 mapk in human neutrophils." SIGNOR-118036 ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT Dendritic_spine_morphogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH183 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000142 29274743 f miannu "We found that Ankrd11 knockdown disrupted dendrite and spine formation in developing pyramidal neurons." SIGNOR-266730 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10490659 t gcesareni "Both jip1 and jip2 selectively bind the mapkk isoform mkk7." SIGNOR-70848 LAMA4 protein Q16363 UNIPROT Laminin-8 complex SIGNOR-C181 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10809728 t lperfetto "Laminins are a large family of heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins that, in addition to having structural roles, take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The laminin alpha(4) chain is widely distributed both in adults and during development in tissues such as cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle fibers, vascular endothelia, lungs, and in peripheral nerves. It can associate with laminin beta(1)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-8 and with the beta(2)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-9." SIGNOR-253226 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF40 protein O75150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271109 YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16429158 t miannu "YARS (also known as TyrRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism. Tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl-adenylate and is then transferred to tRNATyr" SIGNOR-270518 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23400686 t gcesareni "Furthermore, akt promotes cell cycle progression through downregulation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1." SIGNOR-252534 MRPL9 protein Q9BYD2 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262343 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12835716 t gcesareni "C-myc directly activates transcription of cyclin d1, cyclin d2 and cdk4, and leads to cdk 4/6 activation" SIGNOR-102731 EDA protein Q92838 UNIPROT EDAR protein Q9UNE0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18304980 t gcesareni "Ultimately, in mammals, eda-a1 and eda-a2 trimers each bind a different receptor, edar and xedar, respectively, through their trimerized tnf domain." SIGNOR-161109 PIPP smallmolecule CID:24755493 PUBCHEM LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18772438 f gcesareni "Wnt3a stimulates the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphates [ptdins (4,5)p2] through frizzled and dishevelled, the latter of which directly interacted with and activated pip5ki. In turn, ptdins (4,5)p2 regulated phosphorylation of lrp6 at thr1479 and ser1490" SIGNOR-180797 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 10085121 f lperfetto "Overexpression of smad7 can inhibit the mekk-1-mediated stimulation of smad2 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-65572 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR COIL protein P38432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser184 NEEAKRKsPKKKEKC 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000938 11102515 t lperfetto "In particular, we have recently found that the cdk2/cyclin e complex can phosphorylate coilin in vitro . there is but a single consensus cdk2/cyclin e phosphorylation site in coilin, located at serine 184. when serine 184 was mutated to an alanine (s184a), mimicking a dephosphorylated state, a nucleolar mislocalization similar to that of gfp-coilin(1__†€ †_248) was observed" SIGNOR-216733 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser68 FLEQPICsVQPIDLN 9606 23166821 t llicata "We show that phosphorylation of _np63_ at s66/68 in response to ultraviolet (uv) irradiation is mediated by alk5" SIGNOR-199785 PXDN protein Q92626 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 29305973 f miannu "Our findings show that Snai1 mediates repression of PXDN and consolidate a role for this ECM-modifier during EMT." SIGNOR-265253 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 11455969 t gcesareni "This pathway can either be ampli?ed By caspase- 8-mediated cleavage of bid and by the downstream, caspase-6- mediated cleavage of caspase-8." SIGNOR-109411 ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 29274743 t miannu "Neurite growth-related genes such as Trkb, Bdnf, Gap43, Coronin 1B, and Rab13 are downregulated in ANKRD11-deficient neurons. " SIGNOR-266732 MCM6 protein Q14566 UNIPROT MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19946136 t "The Mcm2-7 complex serves as the eukaryotic replicative helicase, the molecular motor that both unwinds duplex DNA and powers fork progression during DNA replication." SIGNOR-261676 EVX1 protein P49640 UNIPROT GSC protein P56915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 22178155 f miannu "We found that EVX1 repressed GSC expression and promoted formation of posterior streak-like progeny in response to BMP4, and conversely that GSC repressed EVX1 expression and was required for development of anterior streak-like progeny in response to activin." SIGNOR-254139 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR-C110 10698523 t lperfetto "Gsk-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of apc." SIGNOR-75366 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser11 SFLVRKPsDPNRKPN 9606 19923321 t lperfetto "Serines 11 and 92 participate in the control of snail1 stability and positively regulate snail1 repressive function and its interaction with msin3a corepressor. Furthermore, serines 11 and 92 are required for snail1-mediated emt and cell viability, respectively. Pka and ck2 have been characterized as the main kinases responsible for in vitro snail1 phosphorylation at serine 11 and 92, respectively." SIGNOR-161771 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19303849 t miannu "Feeding induces the recruitment of dna-pk to usf-1 and its phosphorylation, which then allows recruitment of p/caf, resulting in usf-1 acetylation and fas promoter activation." SIGNOR-184849 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT F3 protein P13726 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser285 RKAGVGQsWKENSPL 9606 23195225 t lperfetto "We previously showed that the phosphorylation of ser253 within the cytoplasmic domain of human tissue factor (tf) initiates the incorporation and release of this protein into cell-derived microparticles. Furthermore, subsequent phosphorylation of ser258 terminates this process. The phosphorylation of ser253 is known to be mediated by protein kinase c_" SIGNOR-199872 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser173 PGKRRTQsLSALPKE 9606 BTO:0000848 21087211 t gcesareni "Specifically, 14-3-3 binds to p90(rsk)-phosphorylated ser?_??_ Of capic?_A thereby modulating dna binding to its hmg (high-mobility group) box, whereas erk phosphorylations prevent binding of a c-terminal nls (nuclear localization sequence) to importin ?4 (kpna3)" SIGNOR-252778 CTNNA3 protein Q9UI47 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000586 21598020 t miannu "Overexpression of CTNNA3 in a CTNNA1 negative colon carcinoma cell line resulted in the reassembly of the adherens and tight junctions through the recruitment of CTNNA3 interacting partners such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, plakoglobin, and ZO-14" SIGNOR-265493 DAGLA protein Q9Y4D2 UNIPROT 2-arachidonoylglycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:52392 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26787883 t miannu "Diacylglycerol lipases (DAGLŒ± and DAGLŒ≤) convert diacylglycerol to the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol." SIGNOR-264264 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DOB protein P13765 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-254000 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18793634 t gcesareni "Erbb4 might not be able to directly recruit cbl, and therefore downregulation of this receptor is slow." SIGNOR-180895 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23468082 t miannu "Ponatinib is an oral multitargeted kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits all 4 members of the FGFR family." SIGNOR-259278 progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI 11-deoxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16973 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000048 25855791 t lperfetto "Cytochrome P450 (P450)4 21A2 is the major steroid 21-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-OH-progesterone) to form 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively" SIGNOR-268631 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19097122 f miannu "Transcription factor TFII-I causes transcriptional upregulation of GRP78 synthesis in prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-254221 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Thrombin also activates the cofactors FVIII (to FVIIIa) and FV (to FVa) and activates platelets such that they provide a procoagulant membrane surface to which these proteins then bind" SIGNOR-263530 NKX2-2 protein O95096 UNIPROT ERMN protein Q8TAM6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 21221725 t lperfetto "Further study revealed that Nkx2.2 could bind JN promoter and its overexpression increase the promoter activity of JN." SIGNOR-268965 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT CBS protein P35520 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12427542 f miannu "We previously described essential transactivating roles for specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), and USF-1 in the regulation of the CBS-1b promoter." SIGNOR-254814 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr699 TAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 9606 BTO:0000149 10993888 t gcesareni "A cytosolic protein-tyrosine phosphatase ptp1b specifically dephosphorylates and deactivates prolactin-activated stat5a and stat5b." SIGNOR-82042 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser545 PTSATKTsPLNSSGS 10090 BTO:0000964 34048556 t lperfetto "Once an oocyte resumes meiosis, activated CDK1 and ERK1/2 cooperatively mediate the phosphorylation of three serine residues of PAPalpha, 537, 545 and 558, thereby leading to increased activity." SIGNOR-268342 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 20670887 t lperfetto "Specifically as part of mTORC1, mTOR directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6K1 and S6K2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2)phosphorylation of the 4E-BPs leads to their inhibition and release from eIF4E at the 5_ cap of mRNAs" SIGNOR-235745 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 18691976 t gcesareni "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." SIGNOR-179912 MRPS5 protein P82675 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261441 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20186153 t lperfetto "Several stps have been reported to negatively regulate akt pathway. It has been shown that pp1 dephosphorylates akt and regulates cell survival." SIGNOR-244436 RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12554096 t "MCIP proteins can bind to and inhibit calcineurin, a calcium/calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is activated during cardiac hypertrophy and failure" SIGNOR-252341 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT RPS19 protein P39019 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16266891 t gcesareni "The pim-1/rps19 interaction was demonstrated both in vitro and in living cells and led to phosphorylation of rps19 in an in vitro kinase assay." SIGNOR-141411 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 25477897 t miannu "MiR-155 directly inhibits src homology 2 domaincontaining inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP1) as well as CCAATenhancer-binding protein-beta (CEBP-β) to mediate leukemogenesis" SIGNOR-255770 ADCY10 protein Q96PN6 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265008 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 10514377 t miannu "Ubiquitination of the PDGF β-receptor (Rβ) by the c-Cbl RING in an SH2-dependent manner." SIGNOR-272553 EXOC2 protein Q96KP1 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270785 PHF3 protein Q92576 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 phosphorylation:Ser1594 GAMSPSYsPTSPAYE 34667177 t miannu "PHF3 interacts with RNA polymerase II through the SPOC domain. PHF3 negatively regulates mRNA levels. Here, we identify PHD-finger protein 3 (PHF3) as a regulator of transcription and mRNA stability that docks onto Pol II CTD through its SPOC domain. Our data suggest that PHF3 acts as a prominent effector of neuronal gene regulation by bridging transcription with mRNA decay. PHF3 SPOC preferentially binds RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylated on Serine-2" SIGNOR-266965 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT AIFM2 protein Q9BRQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12135761 t miannu "The p53 tumor suppressor protein induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to cellular stresses. We have identified PRG3 (p53-responsive gene 3), which is induced specifically under p53-dependent apoptotic conditions in human colon cancer cells, and encodes a novel polypeptide of 373 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 40.5 kDa. these results support the hypothesis that the expression of the PRG3 gene in cells undergoing p53‐dependent apoptosis involves direct activation of its promoter by p53." SIGNOR-261808 ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT KIF3A protein Q9Y496 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Betaarrestin 2 was subsequentialy shown to bridge smo to the kinestesin motor kif3 to promote ciliary accumulation of smo in mammalian cells" SIGNOR-199107 IL7 protein P13232 UNIPROT IL7R protein P16871 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 8204885 t fspada "Antibody r34.34 was further found to be directed against an epitope interfering with binding of interleukin-7 (il-7) to pre-alp cells. Expression cloning from a pre-alp cdna library showed that r34.34 antigen is cdw127, the 75- to 80-kd il-7 receptor. Proliferation of the b-lineage all cell lines reh and mieliki was inhibited by il-7, and this effect was specifically reverted by moab r34.34. In addition, antibody r34.34 specifically inhibited il-7-dependent proliferation of normal bcp, pre-alp cells, and peripheral t cells. These results imply that both inhibitory and proliferative effects of il-7 can be mediated through the same receptor on various lineages." SIGNOR-37012 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "Pyrimidine biosynthesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH187 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 15096496 f "The CPSase activity of CAD is the major locus of control of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis" SIGNOR-267196 DPF2 protein Q92785 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000725 24332853 f miannu "Here, DPF2 appears to be another important regulator of myeloid differentiation that can cooperate with PRMT4 to maintain the “stemness” of HSPCs." SIGNOR-261969 RHOXF1 protein Q8NHV9 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 23317270 f lperfetto "ShRNA knock down of RHOXF1 resulted in significantly decreased BCL2 expression in both cell lines but no change in CASP8 expression." SIGNOR-268957 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2." SIGNOR-269939 INPPL1 protein O15357 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18486448 f gcesareni "Ship2 positively modulated the mlk3/jip1-mediated jnk1 activation" SIGNOR-178652 USP7 protein Q93009 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination 9606 16082221 t gcesareni "Hausp counteracts the destabilizing effect of mdm2 by direct deubiquitination of p53." SIGNOR-139456 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0001516 12796379 t "FLT3-ITDs induced a strong activation of STAT5. FLT3-ITD mutants induce an autophosphorylation of the receptor, interleukin 3-independent growth in Ba/F3 cells, and a strong STAT5 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation." SIGNOR-261516 SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT ABCC6 protein O95255 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21531766 f miannu "ID4-mediated SOX2 induction enhanced ABCC3 and ABCC6 expression through direct transcriptional regulation, indicating that ID4 regulates the chemoresistance of iGSCs by promoting SOX2-mediated induction of ABC transporters." SIGNOR-255182 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9436979 t lperfetto "Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors signal by phosphorylating Smad1, which then associates with Smad4; this complex moves into the nucleus and activates transcription." SIGNOR-103618 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser262 DSEDYSLsEEGQELS 9606 20708156 t gcesareni "Cki phosphorylates mdm2 at multiple sites to trigger mdm2/beta-trcp1 interactionbeta-trcp promotes mdm2 turnover and ubiquitination" SIGNOR-167517 2-(2-chloro-4-iodoanilino)-N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3,4-difluorobenzamide chemical CHEBI:91353 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191024 ETFB protein P38117 UNIPROT ETF complex SIGNOR-C463 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33450351 t miannu "Human ETF is nuclear encoded by two separate genes, ETFA and ETFB, respectively. After translation, the two subunits are imported to the mitochondrial matrix space and assemble into a heterodimer containing one FAD and one AMP as cofactors." SIGNOR-269452 celecoxib chemical CHEBI:41423 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190928 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22493435 t miannu "BTG2 was found to up-regulate expression of antioxidant enzymes known to be regulated by NFE2L2, including catalase, SOD1, and SOD2" SIGNOR-254652 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr514 SVTPKTVtPASSAKT 10116 BTO:0000938 15652488 t lperfetto "Here, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk-3beta) phosphorylated crmp-2 at thr-514 and inactivated it" SIGNOR-133255 SNAP23 protein O00161 UNIPROT "STX11-SNAP23 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C272 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 22767500 t lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23. " SIGNOR-261895 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr252 HDGTVTHtFCGTIEY -1 9445476 t gcesareni "The results presented here are consistent with PDK1 as the in vivo kinase responsible for mediating Thr252 phosphorylation in the catalytic domain of p70s6k." SIGNOR-243338 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-quinolinone chemical CHEBI:91395 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191406 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 BTO:0004055 8974401 t lperfetto "ASK1 activated SEK1 and MKK3 up to 7.0- and 11.8-fold, respectively" SIGNOR-226672 CADM2 protein Q8N3J6 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 29506532 f Gianni "The results indicated that CADM2 […} modulates EMT process and migration ability via focal adhesion kinase (FAK) /AKT signaling pathway in HCC." SIGNOR-268855 S100A8 protein P05109 UNIPROT "Calprotectin complex" complex SIGNOR-C293 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9867828 t lperfetto "Using the two-hybrid system we analyzed the dimerization of MRP8 (S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9), two S100 proteins expressed in myeloid cells. It is reported that the MRP8-MRP14 heteromer is the clearly preferred complex in both man and mouse." SIGNOR-262832 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 10448861 f lperfetto "Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1." SIGNOR-235825 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr275 TTGTKSNtPTSSVPS 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134545 UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT VPS18 protein Q9P253 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16203730 t miannu "VPS18 Ubiquitylates SNK in Vitro and in Vivo. The ubiquitylation of proteins by hVPS18 was selectively mediated by UbcH4. " SIGNOR-271549 PCM1 protein Q15154 UNIPROT CETN3 protein O15182 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12403812 t miannu "Rna silencing of pcm-1 leads to reduced assembly of centrin, pericentrin, and ninein at the centrosome" SIGNOR-95016 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT Basophil_diff phenotype SIGNOR-PH116 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 23990620 f "Notably, enforced overexpression of C/EBP-α in BMCPs results in exclusive differentiation into basophils, whereas conditional deletion of C/EBP-α in these same cells promotes mast cell differentiation,1 suggesting that C/EBP-α is an essential “switch factor” for basophil lineage choice" SIGNOR-259968 FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr240 RREDKFMyFEFPQPL 9606 22891331 t llicata "Fgfrs phosphorylate pten at tyrosine 240" SIGNOR-191793 PLP1 protein P60201 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates 26519753 f SimoneGraziosi "Proteolipid protein (PLP) is a major component only in the CNS myelin of terrestrial species and is involved in compaction of the extracellular apposition." SIGNOR-269265 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003879 20646316 f miannu "Individual genes upregulated by TWIST1 known to promote EMT and/or GBM invasion included SNAI2, MMP2, HGF, FAP and FN1." SIGNOR-255525 6-(7-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-7-yl)-N-methyl-2-naphthalenecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:94965 ChEBI CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207141 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR FBXL7 protein Q9UJT9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys109 RLASRPQkEQASIDR 10090 BTO:0002268 25654763 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxl18 mediates polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the pro-apoptotic SCF subunit Fbxl7.. Here, we identified that an orphan F-box protein, Fbxl18, targets Fbxl7 for its polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Lys 109 within Fbxl7 is an essential acceptor site for ubiquitin conjugation by Fbxl18." SIGNOR-272450 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PHF20 protein Q9BVI0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 ELRRRKIsKGCEVPL 9606 22334668 t llicata "Akt phosphorylates phf20 at ser(291) in vitro and in vivo, which results in its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and attenuation of phf20 function." SIGNOR-196112 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr393 RLMTGDTyTAHAGAK 9606 11781820 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of tyr412 can occur autocatalytically by a trans-mechanism and cause activation of otherwise inactive c-abl, suggesting a positive feedback loop on c-abl activity." SIGNOR-113659 GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257366 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 11884598 t gcesareni "Furthermore, several pkc isotypes phosphorylate gsk-3 in vitro and in vivo. in the presence of atp, several isoforms (?, ___, _, ?, And of pkc phosphorylated both gsk-3? At ser 21 and gsk-3_ at ser 9" SIGNOR-115730 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259793 BLOC1S4 protein Q9NUP1 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002946 22203680 t lperfetto "We show that BLOC-1 is an elongated complex that contains one copy each of the eight subunits pallidin, Cappuccino, dysbindin, Snapin, Muted, BLOS1, BLOS2, and BLOS3. The complex appears as a linear chain of eight globular domains, ∼300 A long and ∼30 A in diameter." SIGNOR-265932 KLHL12 protein Q53G59 UNIPROT LNPK protein Q9C0E8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32433973 t miannu "  Lunapark Is Ubiquitylated by the CRL3KLHL12 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Lunapark is ubiquitylated by the CRL3KLHL12 ubiquitin ligase, and the CRL3KLHL12-dependent ubiquitylation of Lunapark does not lead to its proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of Lunapark Ubiquitylation Affects Lysosomal Recruitment of mTORC1" SIGNOR-272197 PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT PCSK1 protein P29120 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19034419 f miannu "PAX6 can bind to the promoter and directly upregulate production of prohormone convertase (PC)1/3, an enzyme essential for conversion of proinsulin to insulin." SIGNOR-254900 nimodipine chemical CHEBI:7575 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18250364 t Luana "Here we report a surprising finding, that the dihydropyridine CCBs have MR antagonist activity. A number of dihydropyridine CCBs compete for aldosterone binding to the MR ligand binding domain (LBD), block aldosterone-induced recruitment of coactivators, and inhibit aldosterone-induced gene expression. " SIGNOR-257765 CSNK2A3 protein Q8NEV1 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1112 VPIAVGEsDFENLNT 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275751 MTHFR protein P42898 UNIPROT Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 24769206 f miannu "MTHFR promotes heterochromatin maintenance at the centromeric region." SIGNOR-263889 [4-[2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-(1-piperazinyl)methanone chemical CHEBI:91441 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193612 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser50 RNRYRDVsPFDHSRI 9606 10480872 t gcesareni "The clk family kinases, clk1 and clk2, phosphorylate and activate the tyrosine phosphatase, ptp-1b.|Phosphorylation of PTP-1B at Ser(50) by CLK1 or CLK2 is responsible for its enzymatic activation." SIGNOR-70563 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EMD protein P50402 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr59 SSSAASSySFSDLNS 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887 19789182 t llicata "Src phosphorylated emerin specifically at y59, y74 and y95; interestingly y-to-f substitutions at identified src sites reduced recombinant emerin binding to endogenous baf" SIGNOR-188308 KAT6A protein Q92794 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C54 11742995 t miannu "The activation domain of aml1 is required for its interaction with moz / moz activates aml1_mediated transcription" SIGNOR-113056 "Av/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C175 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253272 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser705 LPEPAKKsEELVAEA 9606 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251283 KPNA6 protein O60684 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 20454918 t gcesareni "Nicd binds via one of its four potential nuclear localization signals to importins alfa3, alfa4, and alfa7. importins alpha3, alpha4 (and to a lesser extent, alpha7) mediate nuclear import of nicd and thus are directly involved in notch signaling." SIGNOR-254332 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1079 EHAFYEFtFRRFFDD 9606 15688006 t milica "We show that Mst2 and hWW45 interact with each other in human cells and that both Mst2 and Mst1 are able to phosphorylate Lats1 and Lats2, thereby stimulating Lats kinase activity." SIGNOR-133555 THAP12 protein O43422 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI -1 10542257 t lperfetto "The mammalian kinases PKR and HRI and the yeast kinase GCN2 specifically phosphorylate Ser-51 on the alpha subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2. " SIGNOR-249029 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18545270 t lperfetto "Tradd recruits fadd" SIGNOR-177958 G3BP2 protein Q9UN86 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 10969074 t SARA "IkappaBalpha interacts with G3BP2 both in vivo and in vitrothrough the IkappaBalpha CRS. Overexpression of G3BP2 directly promotes retention of IkappaBalpha in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-260985 SLC46A1 protein Q96NT5 UNIPROT dihydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57451 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000575 17129779 t lperfetto "However, the current study establishes that a major function of this gene product is proton-coupled folate transport required for folate homeostasis in man, and we have thus amended the name to PCFT/HCP1." SIGNOR-268264 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr783 EGRNPGFyVEANPMP -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249382 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15068801 t gcesareni "Instead, we found that rock activates jnk, which then phosphorylates c-jun and atf2 when bound to the c-jun promoter." SIGNOR-123717 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr175 EITTNRFyGPQVNNI -1 16199863 t "Abl phosphorylates N-WASP on tyrosines 175 and 256. Phosphorylation at this site stabilizes the active conformation of N-WASP, resulting in comet tail elongation." SIGNOR-251436 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr323 STVSFNPyEPELAPW 9606 BTO:0000776 9820500 t lperfetto "These represented sites of tyrosine phosphorylation previously identified from the study of in vitro autophosphorylated Syk. Phosphorylation was observed on peptides corresponding to Tyr130, Tyr317, Tyr342, Tyr346, Tyr519, and Tyr520" SIGNOR-246605 SEMA4D protein Q92854 UNIPROT PLXNB1 protein O43157 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12198496 t gcesareni "Binding of sema 4d to plexin b1 stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity of met, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptors." SIGNOR-92201 "MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C89 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-268802 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu69 EETCSYEeAFEALES -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263682 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser627 KKRVRRPsESDKEDE -1 14657015 t lperfetto "Following receptor activation, gravin binding to the receptor increases, a process dependent upon PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of two canonical PKA sites (Ser696–698 and Ser772) located within the AKAP domain of gravin." SIGNOR-271841 TUBG1 protein P23258 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 19029337 f miannu "It has been reported that NEDD1 directly interacts with and recruits the γ-tubulin ring complex to centrosomes and to spindle MTs to promote MT nucleation and spindle assembly" SIGNOR-261423 LRIG3 protein Q6UXM1 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23723069 f miannu "Lrig3 opposes lrig1 negative regulatory activity and stabilizes erbb receptors." SIGNOR-202183 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 14718519 t lpetrilli "We found smad7 interacts with growth arrest and dna damage protein, gadd34, a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) holoenzyme, which subsequently recruits catalytic subunit of pp1 (pp1c) to dephosphorylate t?RI." SIGNOR-121277 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264286 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 9566916 t gcesareni "These results illustrate selectivity in the effects of ptps in a cellular context and suggest that ptp1b may function as a specific, negative regulator of p210 bcr-abl signalling in vivo." SIGNOR-56815 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17845852 f gcesareni "Ras and akt signaling enhances the nuclear localization of gli1, counteracting its suppression by other modifiers that retain it in the cytoplasm, such as suppressor of fused (sufu)." SIGNOR-157770 acetate smallmolecule CHEBI:30089 ChEBI acetyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57288 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271824 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19047375 t gcesareni "B2 adrenergic receptor stimulation induces the pka dependent phosphorylation of heptp and releases bound p38 mapk" SIGNOR-182522 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257745 ERRFI1 protein Q9UJM3 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 18046415 t "The cytoplasmic protein MIG6 (mitogen-induced gene 6; also known as ERRFI1) interacts with and inhibits the kinase domains of EGFR and ERBB2" SIGNOR-252076 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr261 LVDSIAKtRDAGCRP 9606 9712898 t lperfetto "The gck-ctd-mekk1 interaction is sufficiently stable to support mekk1 s phosphorylation of its substrate, sek1" SIGNOR-236380 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 10607566 f gcesareni "We shown that retinoic acid (ra) decreases the activity of the beta-catenin-lef/tcf signaling pathway" SIGNOR-73274 H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16377563 t fstefani "Here, we demonstrate that mammalian mdc1/nfbd1 directly binds to phospho-h2ax (gammah2ax) by specifically interacting with the phosphoepitope at the gammah2ax carboxyl terminus." SIGNOR-143377 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser389 LSPIAPRsPAKLSFQ 9606 9130707 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that elk-1 is barely activated by a third subclass of map kinases (p38), most likely because the critical residues ser383 and ser389 are poorly phosphorylated by p38 map kinase." SIGNOR-47634 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr559 TGDYIPGtETHMAPE 9606 9742107 t lperfetto "In studies of NIK, we found that Thr-559 located within the activation loop of its kinase domain regulates NIK action. Alanine substitution of Thr-559 but not other serine or threonine residues within the activation loop abolishes its activity and its ability to phosphorylate and activate IKKalpha" SIGNOR-249387 CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19282672 t Giulio "These data indicate that CDK5RAP2 is a positive regulator of both the BUBR1 promoter and the MAD2 promoter" SIGNOR-260312 MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272376 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 12151336 t gcesareni "Histone h3 is a substrate of pak1 both in vitro and in vivo, and it specifically interacted with pak1 but not pak2 or pak3. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that pak1 phosphorylates histone h3 on ser10." SIGNOR-265363 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 16382138 t lperfetto "Rela is also acetylated at several sites by p300 and cbp" SIGNOR-217210 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 1286168 f lperfetto "Bcl-2 functions to inhibit apoptosis in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments, suggesting interference with a central mechanism of apoptosis" SIGNOR-256637 practolol chemical CHEBI:258351 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 10079020 t Luana "In our CHO cells transfected with the human β1- and β2-adrenoceptors, the binding affinities of atenolol, metoprolol, betaxolol and practolol correlate with previously published β1- (P=0.03) and β2-adrenoceptor (P=0.03) binding affinities in human lung tissue" SIGNOR-258336 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser32 LLDDRHDsGLDSMKD 10398585 t lperfetto "Serine 32 and serine 36 of IkappaBalpha are directly phosphorylated by protein kinase CKII in vitro|Phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha at serine 32 (S32) and serine 36 (S36) is necessary for this stimuli-induced degradation" SIGNOR-249332 halothane chemical CHEBI:5615 ChEBI KCNK3 protein O14649 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 20519544 t Luana "We further demonstrate that TASK channels are required for normal sensitivity to immobilizing effects of halothane and isoflurane and to sedative/hypnotic effects of halothane." SIGNOR-257846 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr120 IIRLRNKtLTEDEIA 9606 19940129 t llicata "Akt interacts with mst1 and phosphorylates a highly conserved residue threonine 120 of mst1, which leads to inhibition of its kinase activity and nuclear translocation as well as the autophosphorylation of thr(183)." SIGNOR-161829 IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12850284 t gcesareni "There was a high level of irs-2 expression and insulin-stimulated tyrosyl phosphorylation as early as embryonic day 15 with robust pi3k binding and activation" SIGNOR-103174 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257517 "STX11-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C273 SIGNOR Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 22767500 f lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23. |The SNAREs form transmembrane complexes that mediate membrane fusion and granule cargo release." SIGNOR-261900 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT CPS1 protein P31327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" 9606 BTO:0000567 24703693 t deglutarylation lperfetto "Glutarylation suppresses CPS1 activity, which is targeted by SIRT5 for removal|SIRT5 can catalyze the enzymatic removal of lysine glutarylation" SIGNOR-267643 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser548 SSPSPPCsPLMADPL 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t llicata "We demonstrated that erk1/2 phosphorylate kibra at ser(548) in cells as well as in vitro." SIGNOR-203290 FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t areggio "Upon ligand binding, DVL proteins are recruited to Frizzled receptors at the plasma membrane and co-recruit cytoplasmic transducers, such as Axin, CK1 and GSK3 binding protein (GBP), presumably along with their partners, to promote ?-catenin-dependent signalling. " SIGNOR-258957 PORCN protein Q9H237 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation Ser209 KCKCHGLsGSCEVKTC 9606 BTO:0000007 20826466 t "And WNT3A binding to WLS requires PORCN-dependent lipid modification of WNT3A at serine 209. Inhibition of vacuolar acidification results in accumulation of the WNT3A-WLS complex both in cells and at the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-256598 MLF1 protein P58340 UNIPROT COPS3 protein Q9UNS2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15861129 t miannu "As downstream elements of mlf1 leading to cell growth arrest due to p53 accumulation, we identified two factors, csn3, the third component of the cop9 signalosome (csn), and cop1, a recently characterized e3 ubiquitin ligase for p53" SIGNOR-135937 LDHB protein P07195 UNIPROT pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24929216 t lperfetto "Glucose and alanine produce pyruvate which is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm without oxygen consumption. Lactate removal takes place via its oxidation to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase." SIGNOR-267656 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11875759 t lperfetto "PTEN dephosphorylates PI3P, lowering its cellular levels and resulting in the down-regulation of AKT." SIGNOR-228145 EFR3B protein Q9Y2G0 UNIPROT PI4KA protein P42356 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 34504076 t miannu "PI4KA is recruited to plasma membrane by the adapter protein EFR3, which has two isoforms, EFR3A and EFR3B" SIGNOR-269093 serine smallmolecule CHEBI:17822 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264760 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "In the absence of hh ligands, cubitus interruptus (in drosophila) and gli2 and gli3 (in vertebrates) are phosphorylated by protein kinase a and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and are proteolytically processed in vertebrates, pka-mediated phosphorylation of gli2 and gli3 initiates a phosphorylation cascade that leads to processing into repressors of transcription or frank degradation" SIGNOR-148478 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR SPTAN1 protein Q13813 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000567 9624143 t amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for alpha-fodrin cleavage but dispensable for cleavage of other death substrates in apoptosis." SIGNOR-256450 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10617468 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "The mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase cascade is inactivated at the level of map kinase by members of the map kinase phosphatase (mkp) family, including mkp-1." SIGNOR-269930 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 18620382 t Luana "Pyrimidine 13 showed good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity was also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50’s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-257740 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "In the absence of hh ligands, cubitus interruptus (in drosophila) and gli2 and gli3 (in vertebrates) are phosphorylated by protein kinase a and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and are proteolytically processed in vertebrates, pka-mediated phosphorylation of gli2 and gli3 initiates a phosphorylation cascade that leads to processing into repressors of transcription or frank degradation" SIGNOR-154273 HOXD3 protein P31249 UNIPROT ITGA5 protein P08648 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14610084 t Luana "The homeobox transcription factor Hox D3 promotes integrin alpha5beta1 expression and function during angiogenesis." SIGNOR-261649 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr465 VPVDPATyGQFYGGD 9606 10210201 t lperfetto "Identification of tyr438 as the major in vitro c-src phosphorylation site in human gelsolin recently" SIGNOR-67014 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 SRSGLYRsPSMPENL 9606 10864927 t lperfetto "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-216765 TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr113 SSFEEDDyESPNDDQ 9606 10660534 t lperfetto "Resting lymphocyte kinase (rlk/txk) targets lymphoid adaptor slp-76 in the cooperative activation of interleukin-2 transcription in t-cells. In this study, we report that rlk phosphorylates slp-76 at its n-terminal yesp/yepp sites. A third tyrosine within the amino-terminal region (y145) appears to be the most important for optimal slp-76 function" SIGNOR-74844 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21892142 t gcesareni "Another recently described set of transcriptional regulators targeted by ampk and its related family members across a range of eukaryotes are the class iia family of histone deacetylases (hdacs)" SIGNOR-176483 GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19703466 t miannu "Adenylate cyclase is regulated by stimulatory hormones through Gs(alpha s beta gamma) and inhibitory hormones through Gi(alpha i beta gamma)" SIGNOR-267851 "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22928037 f miannu "The conserved TREX complex, which contains UAP56, Aly, CIP29, and the multi-subunit THO complex, functions in mRNA export." SIGNOR-268514 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "P38 phosphorylates the baf60 subunit of the swi-snf chromatin remodelling complex, and p38 recruits this complex to differentiation-specific loci." SIGNOR-176557 DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 "BTO:0000007 ; BTO:0001282" 11823437 t SARA "C-Jun and RHII/Gu proteins interact in human cells at their endogenous level of expression. The helicase activity of RHII/Gu specifically facilitates c-Jun-mediated transcription." SIGNOR-260977 RALA protein P11233 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr455 ALGTPVLtPPTEAAS 10090 BTO:0000944 11689711 t gcesareni "We conclude that Ral-mediated phosphorylation of threonines 447 and 451 is required for proper activity of AFX-WT." SIGNOR-252985 EEF1B2 protein P24534 UNIPROT "EEF1B complex" complex SIGNOR-C460 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "An inactive eEF1A-GDP moiety leaves the ribosome and must be recycled to eEF1A-GTP before binding another aa-tRNA. This GTP exchange process is the function of the nucleotide exchange factor eEF1B complex, which exchanges GDP for GTP to regenerate active eEF1A. The requirement for a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, the eEF1B complex, which in metazoans is composed of the subunits α, δ, and γ (also called eEF1B, eEF1D, and eEF1G, respectively)" SIGNOR-269390 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA 9534 BTO:0004055 10677502 t lperfetto "Erk1 and erk2 directly phosphorylate bcl2 exclusively at ser-70." SIGNOR-244501 CCL25 protein O15444 UNIPROT ACKR4 protein Q9NPB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 23341447 t Luana " In the present study, however, we demonstrate for the first time the concentration-dependent recruitment of β-arrestins to the atypical chemokine receptor CCX-CKR upon stimulation with CCL19, CCL21, or CCL25 using three different methodologies in various transfected cell lines." SIGNOR-268418 PYGM protein P11217 UNIPROT glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [‚Ķ] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267389 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser472 RPHFPQFsYSASGRE 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248610 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-270212 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11359934 f gcesareni "The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors has been shown to regulate proliferation in several cell types." SIGNOR-245043 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT ATP2A3 protein Q93084 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000255 12119294 t Luana "Ets-1 was able to transactivate the SERCA3 promoter in MoBr 204 as cotransfection of an Ets-1 expression vector increased the activity of the −97/+301-Luc construct by 6-fold." SIGNOR-261601 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19759537 t "In biochemical activity assays, XAV939 strongly inhibited TNKS1 and TNKS2, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.011 and 0.004 μM, respectively, but displayed much weaker effects on PARP1 and PARP2" SIGNOR-259994 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CD80 protein P33681 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12860928 f miannu "Upon CD40 signaling, transcription of the CD80 gene is induced by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factor." SIGNOR-254783 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887 17688959 f gcesareni "Most importantly, we report that shh induces mapk/erk and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-dependent akt phosphorylation and that activation of both signaling pathways is essential for shh's signaling in muscle cells. However, the effect of shh on akt phosphorylation is more robust than that on mapk/erk, and data suggest that shh influences these pathways in a manner similar to igf-i." SIGNOR-157291 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT heme smallmolecule CHEBI:30413 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10490932 t Regulation miannu "Heme oxygenase (HO), by catabolizing heme to bile pigments, down-regulates cellular hemoprotein, hemoglobin, and heme" SIGNOR-251911 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9528780 f gcesareni "Rbp-jkappa is a strong transcriptional repressor of nf-kappab2. Moreover, this repression can be overcome by activated notch-1." SIGNOR-56100 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser173 PCPQPLRsPSLDNPT 9606 19153595 t lperfetto "In this study, we show that another kinase, c-jun-nh(2)-terminal kinase (jnk), phosphorylates irf3 on its n-terminal serine 173 residuejnk1 can synergize the action of irf3(5d), but not the s173a-irf3(5d) mutant" SIGNOR-183489 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CFLAR protein O15519 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser273 LLRDTFTsLGYEVQK 9606 19339247 t gcesareni "TNFalpha enhanced FLIP(L) serine phosphorylation, which was increased by activated Akt-1. Serine 273, a putative Akt-1 phosphorylation site in FLIP(L), was critical for the activation-induced reduction of FLIP(L). Thus, these observations document a novel mechanism where by TNFalpha facilitates the reduction of FLIP(L) protein, which is dependent on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling." SIGNOR-252548 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr444 RFIGSPRtPVSPVKF 10116 15774499 t lperfetto "Thr 421/Ser 424 have been reported to be targeted by ERK1, 2 (39), JNK or p38 MAPKs (36). Interestingly, with a comparable kinetics, FSH represses ERK1, 2 constitutive phosphorylation in Sertoli cells isolated from 19-d-old rats" SIGNOR-134662 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr45 GLEPVGHyEEVELTE 9606 16640565 t llicata "Src kinase phosphorylates s6k in the n-terminus. tyrosine y39/45 in s6k1/2 is a substrate for src kinase in vitro. tyrosine y39/45 in s6k1/2 is a substrate for src kinase in vivo." SIGNOR-146292 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10825200 f gcesareni "Syk activation required jak3, probably indirectly via activation of jak1." SIGNOR-77551 CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 t "CRTC2 knockdown attenuates glucocorticoid-responsive GILZ mRNA expression in HeLa cells" SIGNOR-256109 Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR Meiotic_recombination phenotype SIGNOR-PH162 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33262143 f miannu "The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific structure formed between homologous chromosomes during prophase that promotes DSB formation and biases repair of DSBs to homologs over sister chromatids." SIGNOR-264204 ADA protein P00813 UNIPROT inosine smallmolecule CHEBI:17596 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 15926889 t Luana "Adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) catalyses the deamination of adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine. Two different isoenzymes of ADA designated as ADA1 and ADA2 were found in mammals and lower vertebrates" SIGNOR-269737 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr350 EPPDHQYyNDFPGKE 9606 9927207 t llicata "We have investigated which of the shc tyrosine residues are targeted by the vegfr3/ flt4 kinase and the role of the shc ptb and sh2 domains in this process. Our results show that y239/ y240 and y313 are simultaneously phosphorylated by the kinase, creating grb2 binding sites." SIGNOR-64076 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser117 YPSMPAFsPGPGIKE 9606 10915800 t lperfetto "Map kinases erk1/2 phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp)-1a at serine 117 in vitro. mutation of serine 117 to alanine abolished erk2-mediated phosphorylation in vitro and the map kinase-related transcriptional activation of srebp-1a by insulin and platelet-derived growth factor in vivo." SIGNOR-244754 EFR3A protein Q14156 UNIPROT PI4KA protein P42356 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 34504076 t miannu "PI4KA is recruited to plasma membrane by the adapter protein EFR3, which has two isoforms, EFR3A and EFR3B" SIGNOR-269092 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr842 CTETFTGtLQYMAPE 10090 11689443 t llicata "After exposure of cells to H2O2, ASK1 is transiently activated by autophosphorylation at Thr845. The protein then associates with PP5 (protein serine/threonine phosphatase 5), which inactivates ASK1 by dephosphorylation of Thr845." SIGNOR-248540 HOXB8 protein P17481 UNIPROT TAGLN protein Q01995 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002196 15886193 t Luana "Results from these experiments demonstrated that in 10T1/2 cells Hoxa10-1 increased the activity of the telokin promoter 3-fold without affecting the activity of the other promoters analyzed (Fig. 2A). Similar results were also observed in A10 SMC (data not shown). In contrast, Hoxb8 significantly repressed the activity of the telokin, smooth muscle α-actin, and SM22α promoters by 70, 50, and 70%, respectively" SIGNOR-261642 MMP27 protein Q9H306 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272371 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-258999 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19620402 f miannu "We have identified LEF-1 as a decisive transcription factor in granulopoiesis controlling proliferation and granulocytic differentiation by direct activation of its target gene, C/EBPalpha." SIGNOR-254551 NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT HSD3B2 protein P26439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001555 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254868 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270981 Linsitinib chemical CID:11640390 PUBCHEM INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 24712877 t lperfetto "Effects of the antitumor drug OSI-906, a dual inhibitor of IGF-1 receptor and insulin receptor, on the glycemic control, β-cell functions, and β-cell proliferation in male mice" SIGNOR-262029 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 18676833 t "inferred from 70% family members" fstefani "We then showed that erk could phosphorylate mcl-1 at two consensus residues, thr 92 and 163, which is required for the association of mcl-1 and pin1, resulting in stabilization of mcl-1." SIGNOR-270042 GLUL protein P15104 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30158707 t miannu "Glutamine synthetase, encoded by the gene GLUL, is an enzyme that converts glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. certain cell types express glutamine synthetase (GS; also called glutamate-ammonia ligase; GLUL), the enzyme capable of de novo glutamine production from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP and Mg2+/Mn2+ requiring reaction." SIGNOR-267826 BTC protein P35070 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23382875 t gcesareni "Betacellulin is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events;ten growth factors and their erbb specificities are depicted: egf, amphiregulin((ar), and tgfalfa bind erbb-1, betacellulin, heparin binding egf-like growth factor, and epiregulin bing both erbb-1 and erbb-4." SIGNOR-200813 prednisolone chemical CHEBI:8378 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 8342904 t ashma gcesareni SIGNOR-251698 RASGEF1C protein Q8N431 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-161511 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 16256737 t lperfetto "The notch intracellular domain interacts with hif-1alpha and hif-1alpha is recruited to notch-responsive promoters upon notch activation under hypoxic conditions." SIGNOR-141315 RNF216 protein Q9NWF9 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16968706 t miannu "Triad3A promotes proteolytic degradation of adapter proteins. A, Triad3A promotes down-regulation of TIRAP, TRIF, and RIP1 proteins." SIGNOR-271609 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004850 14594802 f miannu "We find that LEF-1 and CBFalpha co-activate ELA2 expression." SIGNOR-254554 RAPGEF6 protein Q8TEU7 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183799 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR-C110 23579495 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation by GSK3 kept Axin activated (open) for _-catenin interaction and poised for engagement of LRP6." SIGNOR-201683 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-136 is the major phosphoacceptor site for akt;akt can weakly phosphorilate ser-155." SIGNOR-81122 NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR down-regulates BTO:0001103 12361602 t apalma "Numb is an inhibitor of Notch signaling that interacts with the intracellular portion of Notch and antagonizes its activity by preventing nuclear translocation" SIGNOR-255374 ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT MEGF10 protein Q96KG7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17205124 t miannu "ABCA1 and MEGF10 interact during engulfment. MEGF10 function can be modulated by the ATP binding cassette transporter ABCA1, ortholog to CED-7. by the combined use of cellular and biochemical approaches we provide evidence that ABCA1 and MEGF10 interact at the molecular level." SIGNOR-265164 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser197 APRRRAAsMDSSSKL 10090 BTO:0004245 10217147 t "Here we show that protein kinase B phosphorylates AFX, a human orthologue of daf -16 (refs 5, 6, 9), both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-252861 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207830 SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18854943 f fferrentino "This Smad1/4 complex can directly interact with Shn-2 and C/EBP a on the PPAR g promoter thus, resulting in the transcriptional activation of PPAR g" SIGNOR-253551 ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Wnt5a induces homodimerization and activation of ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase" SIGNOR-199588 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11259586 t gcesareni "This together with the rapid kinetics of pp1-pp2a activation following p38 activation suggests that pp1 and/or pp2a complexes are direct targets for p38-mediated phosphorylation" SIGNOR-105783 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr112 EGMQIPStQFDAAHP 9606 BTO:0001130 19141652 t lperfetto "This study provides evidence that pkd1 interacts with and phosphorylates beta-catenin at thr(112) and thr(120) we postulate that pkd1 phosphorylation is required to maintain _-catenin transcription activity." SIGNOR-183384 CNOT4 protein O95628 UNIPROT KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 19346402 t miannu " In our study, we show that the protein level of the yeast histone H3 Lys 4 (H3 K4) demethylase Jhd2/Kdm5 is modulated through polyubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Not4 and turnover by the proteasome.  Finally, we show that human NOT4 can polyubiquitinate human JARID1C/SMCX, a homolog of Jhd2, suggesting that this is likely a conserved mechanism. We propose that Not4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that monitors and controls a precise amount of Jhd2 protein so that the proper balance between histone demethylase and histone methyltransferase activities occur in the cell, ensuring appropriate levels of H3 K4 trimethylation and gene expression." SIGNOR-271468 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-266347 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12361947 t gcesareni "Our results show that erg-1 is a shp-1 substrate constituting the first report that an ion current is regulated by shp-1." SIGNOR-94007 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265415 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23732909 t lperfetto "Here we report that EGLN3, but not EGLN1 or -2, interacts with and inhibits K63-linked ubiquitination of IKKγ. The effect appears to be related to inhibition of IKKγ ubiquitination mediated by cIAP1 rather than to stimulation of IKKγ deubiquitination by the deubiquitinases A20 and CYLD (cylindromatosis). EGLN3 does not affect the protein levels of cIAP1 or its E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH5 and Ubc13. EGLN3 hydroxylase activity is not responsible for its effect on IKKγ ubiquitination and NF-κB signaling. Instead, interaction with IKKγ is required for the ability of EGLN3 to inhibit IKKγ ubiquitination and IKK-NF-κB signaling." SIGNOR-262005 MARCHF8 protein Q5T0T0 UNIPROT HLA-DRB4 protein P13762 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys254 FIYFRNQkGHSGLQP 9606 19117940 t miannu "Two E3 ligases, MARCH I and MARCH VIII, have been shown to polyubiquitinate lysine residue 225 in the cytoplasmic tail of I-Abeta and HLA-DRbeta. We show that lysine residue 219 in the cytoplasmic tail of DRalpha is also subject to polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-271407 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SPTAN1 protein Q13813 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1176 AVQQQEVyGMMPRDE 9606 11971983 t llicata "Using mutagenesis on recombinant peptides, we identified the residue y1176 located in the calpain cleavage site of alpha ii-spectrin, near the sh3 domain, as an in vitro substrate for src kinase and lmw-ptp a. phosphorylation of this residue decreases spectrin sensitivity to calpain in vitro." SIGNOR-86718 CBY1 protein Q9Y3M2 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12712206 t gcesareni "Here we report a conserved nuclear protein, named chibby, which was identified in a screen for proteins that directly interact with the c-terminal region of beta-catenin. In mammalian cultured cells we demonstrate that chibby inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation by competing with lef-1 to bind to beta-catenin." SIGNOR-100835 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SLC8B1 protein Q6J4K2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser258 YQRQRRGsLFCPMPV 36476859 t "Phosphosite is derived from the graphical abstract" lperfetto "However, the PDE2-inhibitory effect is eliminated when the mitochondrial S258A NCLX mutant that mimics a non-PKA phosphorylated state of NCLX is expressed. Altogether, our findings indicate that NCLX is regulated by the mitochondrial PDE2A2 form.|We show that caffeine, by inhibiting PDE2, enhances PKA phosphorylation leading to mitochondrial NCLX activation, thereby reducing neuronal excitotoxicity and enhancing learning in mice. |Moreover, PDE2 acts by diminishing mitochondrial cAMP, thus promoting NCLX phosphorylation at its PKA site." SIGNOR-275727 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21757713 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of Raptor on these sites enhances mTORC1 activity, and contributes largely to arsenite-induced mTORC1 activation." SIGNOR-217544 CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10770941 t lperfetto "Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaM-KK) is a novel member of the CaM kinase family, which specifically phosphorylates and activates CaM kinase I and IV" SIGNOR-232181 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr394 RLIEDNEyTAREGAK 9606 2250907 t lperfetto "They also demonstrate that replacement of the major site of autophosphorylation of p56lck (tyrosine 394) by a phenylalanine residue abolishes the ability to activate p56lck by CD4 cross-linking, implying that this residue is critical for the positive regulation of the Lck tyrosine kinase activity by CD4." SIGNOR-81372 IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17709786 t milica "The il-15 receptor comprises a heterotrimeric complex consisting of the common ?cytokine Receptor (?c), the il-2 ? Receptor subunit (il-2r?), And an il-15-specific ? Receptor (il-15r?)" SIGNOR-157418 PCDHAC1 protein Q9H158 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-269037 RIMBP3 protein Q9UFD9 UNIPROT RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264370 α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR JUP protein P14923 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000586 21598020 t miannu "Overexpression of CTNNA3 in a CTNNA1 negative colon carcinoma cell line resulted in the reassembly of the adherens and tight junctions through the recruitment of CTNNA3 interacting partners such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, plakoglobin, and ZO-14" SIGNOR-265819 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24692351 f scontino "Skeletal muscle has been recognized as a key TH target for contractile function, regeneration, and transport as well as for metabolism and glucose disposal (237, 238). TH stimulation favors transition to fast-twitch fibers and transition to a faster myosin heavy chain (MHC) form." SIGNOR-267619 5,15-Diphenyl-21H,23H-porphine chemical CID:10895852 PUBCHEM STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26260587 t gcesareni "15-DPP is an effective STAT3 inhibitor and blocks IL10-mediated signalling in macrophages leading to altered regulation of CNV" SIGNOR-238549 betamethasone chemical CHEBI:3077 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 17561562 t dermatitis gcesareni SIGNOR-251686 noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33569 ChEBI adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33568 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 7961964 t brain lperfetto "In the adrenal medulla NA (noradrenaline) is N-methylated by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28) to form A (adrenaline)." SIGNOR-264183 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FANCG protein O15287 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 PRFSPPPsPPGPCMP 9606 15367677 t gcesareni "S387a mutant abolished fancg fusion protein phosphorylation by cdc2." SIGNOR-129061 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser203 PTETGESsQAEENIE -1 1828073 t llicata "Phosphorylation of neuromodulin (GAP-43) by casein kinase II. Identification of phosphorylation sites and regulation by calmodulin.|" SIGNOR-250867 RNF216 protein Q9NWF9 UNIPROT TLR8 protein Q9NR97 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31385713 t miannu "E3 ligase RNF216 (ring finger protein 216) targets TLR8 for ubiquitination and degradation. " SIGNOR-272257 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1951 SPGYSPTsPTYSLTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120168 CD40LG protein P29965 UNIPROT CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 12324477 t lperfetto "Ramos cells were mixed with increasing numbers of transfected cells that expressed cd70 (cd27l) or cd154 (cd40l), both of which are expressed by activated T cells, in the presence of anti-igm ab. Cd27 ligation as well as cd40 ligation inhibited bcr-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. cd40 binds its ligand cd40l." SIGNOR-93432 CCT128930 chemical CID:17751819 PUBCHEM AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;ATP-competitive inhibitor of Akt2" gcesareni SIGNOR-190868 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 SFLVRKPsDPNRKPN 9606 20940406 t lperfetto "Pkd1 phosphorylates ser(11) (s11) on transcription factor snail, a master emt regulator and repressor of e-cadherin expression, triggering nuclear export of snail via 14-3-3_ binding. Pkd1 regulates the expression of e-cadherin at the promoter level through direct phosphorylation of the transcriptional repressor snai1. Pkd1-mediated phosphorylation of snai1 occurs in the nucleus and generates a nuclear, inactive dna/snai1 complex that shows decreased interaction with its co-repressor ajuba." SIGNOR-168537 HLA1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF87 SIGNOR "Class I MHC" complex SIGNOR-C425 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 28367149 t scontino "One Ig domain is present in each chain of MHC class II, while the second Ig-type domain of MHC class I is provided by non-covalent association of the invariant light chain beta-2 microglobulin (beta2m) with the HC.|The MHC class I HC folds and assembles with beta2m in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)" SIGNOR-267776 BNIP2 protein Q12982 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 18678706 t lperfetto "Cdo-bnip-2-cdc42 complex stimulates cdc42 activation which in turn promotes p38 alpha/beta activity and cell differentiation." SIGNOR-179861 bufexamac chemical CHEBI:31317 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000664 21258344 t Luana " We also identified the anti-inflammatory drug bufexamac as a class IIb (HDAC6, HDAC10) HDAC inhibitor." SIGNOR-257892 "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR GSDMD protein P57764 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp275 CLHNFLTdGVPAEGA 9606 BTO:0000007 26375003 t lperfetto "Co-expression of GSDMD with caspase-1, 4, 5 or 11 but not apoptotic caspases (caspase-2, 8 and 9) in 293T cells induced the same cleavage of GSDMD|inflammatory caspases specifically cleave GSDMD after the 272FLTD275 (or 273LLSD276) sequence |" SIGNOR-256415 SOHLH2 protein Q9NX45 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 22328502 t Luana "Our results suggest that SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 directly stimulate Kit transcription in postnatal spermatogonia, thus activating the signaling involved in spermatogonia differentiation and spermatogenetic progression." SIGNOR-266206 naloxone chemical CHEBI:7459 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258941 CYC-116 chemical CID:6420138 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191224 SMAD2/STAT3/EP300 complex SIGNOR-C203 SIGNOR RORC protein P51449 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "Thus, pSmad2L (Ser255) forms complex with p300 and STAT3 to bind to the proximal promoter of the Rorc and Il17a genes." SIGNOR-255026 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation 9606 20016603 t gcesareni "Pias1 and pias4 promote brca1 accumulation and sumoylation, rpa phosphorylation, and dsb repair" SIGNOR-162153 DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165 11226752 t gcesareni "Murine homologs of deltex define a novel gene family involved in vertebrate Notch signaling and neurogenesis" SIGNOR-236870 CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT CXCR1 protein P25024 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11350788 t gcesareni "Il-8 activates both the cxcr1 and the cxcr2 on microvascular endothelial cells, using different signal transduction cascades." SIGNOR-107920 IRF8 protein Q02556 UNIPROT CYBB protein P04839 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001412 11483597 f miannu "we found that tyrosine phosphorylated ICSBP activates CYBB and NCF2 transcription, during late myeloid differentiation, by interacting with PU.1, IRF1 and CBP." SIGNOR-222710 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser25 QAFELILsPRSKESV 9606 BTO:0000782 8325880 t gcesareni "Serine 25 of oncoprotein 18 is a major cytosolic target for the mitogen-activated protein kinase|The present study shows that the MAP kinase has a 20-fold preference for Ser25 as opposed to Ser38 of Op18, while cdc2 kinases have a 5-fold preference for the Ser38 residue." SIGNOR-37848 PIK3R4 protein Q99570 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8999962 t gcesareni "Recombinant p150 associated with ptdins 3-kinase in vitro in a stable manner, resulting in a 2-fold increase in lipid kinase activity." SIGNOR-45664 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser463 SPHNPISsVS 10090 9748228 t gcesareni "Biochemical analysis revealed that constitutively active ALK2 associated with and phosphorylated Smad1 on the COOH-terminal SSXS motif, and also regulated Smad5 and Smad8 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-247674 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22286761 f gcesareni "Yap directly induced the transcription of ccnd1 and foxm1, in cooperation with tead transcription factor." SIGNOR-195534 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr280 HRFHPEPyGLEDDQR -1 11382764 t lperfetto "Identification of Src phosphorylation sites in the catenin p120ctn.Using selected tyrosine to phenylalanine p120 mutants as dominant negative reagents, it may now be possible to selectively block events postulated to be dependent on p120 tyrosine phosphorylation.combinations of Tyr _ Phe mutations at residues 96, 112, 228, 257, 280, 291, 296, and 302" SIGNOR-246492 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "A novel multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib (Figure 1), inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, that play key roles in angiogenesis, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (TIE2) and the mutant oncogenic kinase KIT, RET, B-RAF" SIGNOR-259180 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 19075115 f miannu "Postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) is an important regulator of synaptic structure and plasticity." SIGNOR-264053 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr251 LQFPGAVyGTDGCPV 29844931 t lperfetto "As a result, we established that Src was able to directly phosphorylate caspase-9 at tyrosine 251, leading to elevated caspase-9 activity." SIGNOR-272998 "Immunoglobulin kappa light chain" protein P0DOX7 UNIPROT BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323265 t scontino "An antibody is composed of two identical HCs and two identical LCs (either kappa or lambda ), consisting of variable (V) and constant (C) regions linked by disulfide bonds. Pro- genitor B cells rearrange their Ig heavy chain (HC) genes to differentiate into precursor B (pre- B) cells that express μ HCs." SIGNOR-268186 Telatinib chemical CID:9808844 PUBCHEM PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207230 "bisindolylmaleimide i" chemical CID:2396 PUBCHEM PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-190344 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT9B protein O14905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242739 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 15808510 t gcesareni "Ikkalpha phosphorylates eralpha, aib1/src-3, and histone h3." SIGNOR-135050 2-(2-chloro-4-iodoanilino)-N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3,4-difluorobenzamide chemical CHEBI:91353 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191021 DPF2 protein Q92785 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270719 MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9878069 t gcesareni "Mnk1 and mnk2 regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor eif4e." SIGNOR-62936 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr213 SASFPHTtPSMCLNP 10090 BTO:0000667 17475908 t miannu "All together, these data indicate that ERK-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at serines 173, 189, and 272, and threonine 213 is responsible for increased hnRNP-E2 protein stability in BCR/ABL-transformed cells." SIGNOR-262671 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1229 SSTDRSPyEKVSAGN 9606 BTO:0000150 11483589 t lperfetto "We also show that the activated egf-r phosphorylates the muc1 cytoplasmic tail on tyrosine at a yekv motif that functions as a binding site for the c-src sh2 domain. The results demonstrate that egf-r-mediated phosphorylation of muc1 induces binding of muc1 to c-src in cells" SIGNOR-109538 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser397 TYHSRDEsTDSGLSM 9606 BTO:0000007 20048001 t lperfetto "We show that YAP is phosphorylated by Lats on Ser 381 in one of the HXRXXS motifs, and this phosphorylation provides the priming signal for CK1delta/epsilon to phosphorylate a phosphodegron in YAP. The phosphorylated phosphodegron recruits beta-TRCP, leading to YAP ubiquitination and degradation under conditions of elevated Hippo pathway activity, such as cell contact inhibition" SIGNOR-218034 ALDH2 protein P05091 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 phosphorylation:Thr429 MQILKFKtIEEVVGR 28056995 t lperfetto "Consistent with previous data, HDAC3 only bound to the ATP6V0E2 promoter in the presence of ALDH2.|Taken together, our data demonstrate that in the macrophages of LDLR-KO or ALDH2 rs671 mutant, AMPK phosphorylates ALDH2 at T356, which enables its nuclear translocation. Once in the nucleus, ALDH2 binds to HDAC3 and suppresses the transcription and protein expression of ATP6V0E2." SIGNOR-271867 EEF1G protein P26641 UNIPROT "EEF1B complex" complex SIGNOR-C460 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "An inactive eEF1A-GDP moiety leaves the ribosome and must be recycled to eEF1A-GTP before binding another aa-tRNA. This GTP exchange process is the function of the nucleotide exchange factor eEF1B complex, which exchanges GDP for GTP to regenerate active eEF1A. The requirement for a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, the eEF1B complex, which in metazoans is composed of the subunits α, δ, and γ (also called eEF1B, eEF1D, and eEF1G, respectively)" SIGNOR-269391 WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys347 EKAGRIEkLESEIQR 9606 BTO:0000007 34404733 t lperfetto "AMOTL2 mono-ubiquitination by WWP1 promotes contact inhibition by facilitating LATS activation|Here, we provide evidence that the E3 ligase WWP1 (WW-domain containing protein 1) mono-ubiquitinates AMOTL2 (angiomotin-like 2) at K347 and K408." SIGNOR-271873 PRL protein P01236 UNIPROT KRT15 protein P19012 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 20103718 f Regulation miannu "PRL up-regulated expression of keratins K5 and K14 and the epithelial stem cell-associated keratins K15 and K19 in organ-cultured HFs and/or isolated HF keratinocytes." SIGNOR-251904 "Lig4-Xrcc4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C354 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 19837014 t miannu "The DNA ligase IV-Xrcc4 complex is responsible for the ligation of broken DNA ends in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA double strand break repair in mammals." SIGNOR-264534 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr523 AGSTDENtDSEEHQE 9606 BTO:0000567 15367657 t llicata "XRCC1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by CK2, and CK2 phosphorylation of XRCC1 on S518, T519, and T523 largely determines aprataxin binding to XRCC1 though its FHA domain | In addition, we present data to show that the acute loss of aprataxin by small interfering RNA (siRNA) renders HeLa cells sensitive to MMS through a mechanism that destabilizes XRCC1." SIGNOR-251052 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr12 DSQQTNDyMQPEEDW 9534 BTO:0000298 16291744 t "down-regulates binding to src" lperfetto "Here we report that protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) is an alpha-actinin phosphatase. PTP 1B-dependent dephosphorylation of alpha-actinin was seen in COS-7 cells|No dephosphorylation was observed in cells coexpressing the alpha-actinin phosphorylation mutant Y12F and PTP 1B. |A reversible interaction between alpha-actinin and Src enables the dephosphorylation of alpha-actinin by PTP 1B, releasing Src" SIGNOR-270539 (S)-malate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15589 ChEBI pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33064660 t miannu "Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP." SIGNOR-267721 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268210 NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "The raf family of proteins (raf-1, a-raf, and b-raf) is serine/threonine kinases that bind to the effector region of ras-gtp, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane. Once there, raf proteins are activated and phosphorylated by different protein kinases." SIGNOR-175219 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner./lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-175210 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 GGQESQPsPLALLAA 10090 BTO:0000944 11598016 t gcesareni "Mutation of Sp1 Ser59 abrogates the cyclin A€“CDK augmentation of Sp1-dependent transcriptional transactivation" SIGNOR-248240 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271311 ITGA7 protein Q13683 UNIPROT "a7/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C126 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002319 10199978 t lperfetto "The alpha7beta1 integrin is a laminin receptor on the surface of skeletal myoblasts and myofibers. Alternative forms of both the alpha7 and beta1 chains are expressed in a developmentally regulated fashion during myogenesis. These different alpha7beta1 isoforms localize at specific sites on myofibers and appear to have distinct functions in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-241508 GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10696571 t "GNG2 dissociates from the activated receptor, bound with GNB1 as stable dimer." SIGNOR-251106 192927-92-7 chemical CID:11957576 PUBCHEM HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193814 EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24714526 f miannu "Reduction of globin inclusions and induction of ATF4 and HbF by the HRI-eIF2αP signaling provide strong bases for targeting this pathway for novel pharmaceutical therapy of hemoglobinopathy." SIGNOR-251819 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19584320 t lperfetto "Under energy starvation conditions, the amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) phosphorylates tsc2 and enhances its activity." SIGNOR-216487 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAP3K12 protein Q12852 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11432832 t gcesareni "Jip inhibits dlk dimerization." SIGNOR-109046 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15536164 f miannu "Biglycan, NGAL, and MMP-9 are transcriptionally up-regulated by NF-kappaB, a transcription factor that is activated in FAP nerves and SG." SIGNOR-254798 FIG4 protein Q92562 UNIPROT MCOLN1 protein Q9GZU1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 23165282 f miannu "PI(3,5)P2 begins to be synthesized on endosomal membranes and is additionally required for the activation of lysosomal TRPML1/MCOLN1 channels. Thus, a deficiency of FIG4/PI(3,5)P2 would impair TRPML1/MCOLN1 channel function, leading to the accumulation of calcium in the lysosomes." SIGNOR-253536 UNC80 protein Q8N2C7 UNIPROT NALCN protein Q8IZF0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22196327 t miannu "The NALCN complex in the brain consists of NALCN, UNC80 and UNC79. UNC80 directly associates with NALCN and UNC79 forms part of the complex by its interaction with UNC80." SIGNOR-265184 "DNA polymerase delta" complex SIGNOR-C376 SIGNOR DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 12930972 f lperfetto "Processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases delta and epsilon requires the cellular replication factor C (RF‐C) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)." SIGNOR-265513 TLE4 protein Q04727 UNIPROT PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25631048 t "In cell culture, Grg4 suppresses Pax2-mediated transcriptional activation and inhibits phosphorylation of the Pax2 activation domain by WNT signaling and JNK" SIGNOR-251710 "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:58017 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16939420 t miannu "PRPP (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate) is an important metabolite essential for nucleotide synthesis and PRS (PRPP synthetase) catalyses synthesis of PRPP from R5P (ribose 5-phosphate) and ATP." SIGNOR-267077 PTPA protein Q15257 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 21159657 t gcesareni "Consistent with previous reports (2830), we found that expression of sv40st, suppression of either pp2a c or b resulted in elevated levels of akt phosphorylation (ser473)" SIGNOR-252607 PPP1R15A protein O75807 UNIPROT PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14718519 t gcesareni "We found smad7 interacts with growth arrest and dna damage protein, gadd34, a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) holoenzyme, which subsequently recruits catalytic subunit of pp1 (pp1c) to dephosphorylate tbetari." SIGNOR-120471 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser287 EPLSPVSsLQASVPG -1 16027724 t "GSK-3, p38 and CDK2 can phosphorylate Cdx2 through the 4S motif in vitro, but only CDK2 was shown to be active in vivo. the compound mutant 4S>A (serines 281, 285, 289 and 293 replaced by alanines)" SIGNOR-251228 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of tsc2 (by akt and erk;refs. 28, 29) and tsc1(by ikkbeta;ref. 30) results in the disruption of the tsc1/2 complex, and thereby activates the oncogenic mtor signaling contributing to tumor progression" SIGNOR-244602 N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:147286 ChEBI 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phosphonato-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine smallmolecule CHEBI:147287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The first two reactions catalyzed by TGART are sequential and produce FGAR, which is then acted upon by the third enzyme in the pathway, formylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS/FGAMS).The transferred ammonia is then used to convert FGAR to FGAM. The FGAMS protein exhibits interesting biophys ical properties and will be covered later in this review. The FGAM produced by FGAMS is then converted into AIR by the AIRS domain of TGART, resulting in a five membered ring closure." SIGNOR-267307 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 TQSKPVSsPFPTKPL 9606 19767751 t llicata "Erk phosphorylates nup50 at ser221 and ser315 erk phosphorylation of the fg repeat region of nup50 reduced its affinity for importin-beta family proteins, importin-beta and transportin." SIGNOR-188135 PHF10 protein Q8WUB8 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270716 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr509 LKRKRRPtSGLHPED 9606 BTO:0000150 17428466 t lperfetto "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt signaling enhances nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of brca1. mutation of threonine 509 in brca1, the site of akt phosphorylation, to an alanine, attenuates the ability of heregulin to induce brca1 nuclear accumulation" SIGNOR-244168 TERF2IP protein Q9NYB0 UNIPROT "Shelterin complex" complex SIGNOR-C306 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15383534 t lperfetto "Telosome, a mammalian telomere-associated complex formed by multiple telomeric proteins|Gel filtration reveals a complex consisting of POT1 , RAP1, TRF1, ACD, TERF2 and TINF2 proteins." SIGNOR-263319 PI4KB protein Q9UBF8 UNIPROT "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0001444 22253445 f lperfetto "PI4KB knockdown inhibits SARS-CoV S-mediated entry, whereas PI3KR1 knockdown increases SARS-CoV S-mediated entry" SIGNOR-260734 WNT10A protein Q9GZT5 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131616 ZMIZ1 protein Q9ULJ6 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 26522984 t miannu "The N-terminal domain (NTD) of Zmiz1 is important for driving Myc transcription and proliferation […] Zmiz1 directly interacted with Notch1 via a tetratricopeptide repeat domain at a special class of Notch-regulatory sites." SIGNOR-263939 IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT KLF3 protein P57682 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23332504 f fspada "Specifically, il-17 suppresses klf15, a pro-adipogenic tf, and enhances expression of klf2 and klf3, which are anti-adipogenic. " SIGNOR-210114 NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT IL3 protein P08700 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9580 7565758 t Luana "NF-IL3A transactivates the IL-3 promoter through the A region sequences." SIGNOR-266222 ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17395426 t gcesareni "Here we uncover a novel interaction between abi-1 and the cbl ubiquitin ligase and show that abi-1 mediates cbl accumulation to the plasma membrane upon stimulation by egf." SIGNOR-154162 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser240 RLSSLRAsTSKSESS 9606 21233202 t lperfetto "In response to mitogenic stimuli, rps6 undergoes ordered c-terminal phosphorylation by p70 s6 kinases and p90 ribosomal s6 kinases on four conserved ser residues (ser-235, ser-236, ser-240, and ser-244) whose modification potentiates rps6 cap binding activity" SIGNOR-252765 HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8380735 t gcesareni "Hgf is the ligand for p190met, the receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the met proto-oncogene." SIGNOR-38429 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ERRFI1 protein Q9UJM3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr394 KKVSSTHyYLLPERP 10090 BTO:0000944 phosphorylation:Tyr395 KVSSTHYyLLPERPP 26280531 t """here we found that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylates Mig6 on Y394 and that this phosphorylation is primed by prior phosphorylation of an adjacent residue, Y395, by Src.""" SIGNOR-252091 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide chemical CHEBI:94504 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191433 TNFSF13B protein Q9Y275 UNIPROT TNFRSF13B protein O14836 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10956646 t gcesareni "Tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor superfamily member taci is a high affinity receptor for tnf family members april and blys." SIGNOR-81360 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17177604 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates ksrp at a unique serine residue, creating a functional binding site for the molecular chaperone 14-3-3. As a consequence, akt activation impairs ksrp ability to interact with the exoribonucleolytic complex exosome and, in turn, to promote rapid mrna decay." SIGNOR-151212 CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24336504 t miannu "Additionally, the E-cadherin associated protein _-catenin regulates YAP directly by sequestering YAP/14-3-3 complexes in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-265821 MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 10218570 t miannu "MDM2 has been shown to be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, while MDMX was a stable protein. Interaction of MDMX with MDM2 through the C-terminal RING finger domains resulted in inhibiting degradation of MDM2. These data indicate that MDMX functions as a regulator of MDM2." SIGNOR-272932 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 11283607 t gcesareni "Rock i is cleaved by casp3 at a conserved detd1113/g sequence and its carboxy-terminal inhibitory domain is removed, resulting in deregulated and constitutive kinase activity." SIGNOR-106546 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT UNG protein P13051 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr60 AGQEEPGtPPSSPLS 9606 BTO:0000812 phosphorylation:Ser64 EPGTPPSsPLSAEQL 27875297 t lperfetto "Here we show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) interacts with and phosphorylates UNG2 at Thr60 and that Thr60 phosphorylation requires a Ser64 priming phosphorylation event.|phosphorylation of Thr60 and Ser64 creates a cyclin E/c-Myc-like phosphodegron that promotes polyubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-264887 HOOK2 protein Q96ED9 UNIPROT CNTRL protein Q7Z7A1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17140400 t miannu "Hook2 localizes to the centrosome, binds directly to centriolin/cep110 and contributes to centrosomal function" SIGNOR-150956 PROC protein P04070 UNIPROT F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Activated protein C (APC), which cleaves and inactivates both FVIIIa and FVa, thereby shutting down both the tenase and prothrombinase complexes" SIGNOR-263527 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr779 LYKEATStFTNITYR -1 10896934 t miannu "PDK1 specifically phosphorylates Thr-753 in 3. Our data argue that phosphorylation of Thr-753, which is conserved in many subunits, reduces the ability of PTB-containing proteins to bind the NXX(pY) motif in 3." SIGNOR-250266 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2426 ASGDRPPsVSSVHSE 9606 22888005 t lperfetto "We demonstrated that camkii directly bound and phosphorylated smrt at ser-1407, thereby facilitating smrt translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and proteasome-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-191773 PALB2 protein Q86YC2 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19423707 t miannu "We propose that both palb2 chromatin association and its oligomerization serve to secure the brca2 x rad51 repair machinery at the sites of dna damage." SIGNOR-185656 ENAH protein Q8N8S7 UNIPROT Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18508258 f miannu "Here we review recent findings into Ena/VASP function in neurite initiation, axon outgrowth and guidance." SIGNOR-268389 AQP5 protein P55064 UNIPROT CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding phosphorylation:Ser156 STDSRRTsPVGSPAL 18583321 t lperfetto "We performed immunoprecipitation and western blotting analysis in transfected cell lines using CDK4 and cyclin D1 antibodies. As expected, cells transfected with AQP5 WT showed an increase of the CDK4/cyclin D1 complex, whereas cells transfected with vector did not|hAQP5 Increases Phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Protein through Cyclin D1/CDK4 Complex" SIGNOR-272089 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 7626805 t gcesareni "P21cip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor that is transcriptionally activated by p53 in response to dna damage.We Have explored the interaction of p21 with the currently known cdks. p21 effectively inhibits cdk2, cdk3, cdk4, and cdk6 kinases" SIGNOR-30030 PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 22306293 t llicata "Pkm2 activates transcription of mek5 by phosphorylating stat3 at y705. pkm2 regulates mek5 transcription via activation of stat3" SIGNOR-268152 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM54 protein Q9BYV2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270967 ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12479800 f lperfetto "The Arp2/3 complex concentrates at leading edges, where it catalyzes the growth of branched actin networks that are believed to provide the protrusive force for leading edge extension." SIGNOR-251511 MTMR3 protein Q13615 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 26787466 t lperfetto "The PtdIns3-phosphatase MTMR3 interacts with mTORC1 and suppresses its activity." SIGNOR-245105 WDR45 protein Q9Y484 UNIPROT ATG2B protein Q96BY7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "WIPI4 interacts with ATG2, AMPK and ULK1. Upon starvation and AMPK activation, WIPI4-ATG2 dissociates from AMPK and ULK1 and localizes at nascent autophagosomes, potentially supporting further autophagosome maturation." SIGNOR-268484 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0001129 20606012 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that AKT is a direct substrate of PTK6 and that AKT tyrosine residues 315 and 326 are phosphorylated by PTK6." SIGNOR-252618 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 10090 BTO:0002572 18423396 t lperfetto "Akt1/PKBalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-252351 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PIP4K2A protein P48426 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr376 KAAHAAKtVKHGAGA 9606 16563698 t lperfetto "We conclude that the type ii pip kinases are physiological targets for pkd phosphorylation, and that this modification is likely to regulate inositol lipid turnover by inhibition of these lipid kinases." SIGNOR-145370 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CLTB protein P09497 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser13 GFFSSSEsGAPEAAE -1 3128543 t llicata "To date, the only evidence for a functional distinction of LCa and LCb is the preferential phosphorylation of LCb, which takes place at serine residues and is mediated by coated vesicle-associated casein kinase II. As a first step toward determining the function of light chain diversity, we have mapped the in vitro phosphorylation sites on LCb. We use [32P]ATP to phosphorylate LCb within coated vesicles, followed by sequencing of 32P-labeled chymotryptic peptides thereof, to identify serine residues at positions 11 and 13 as the phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-250843 FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260091 FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1213 GSSDDVRyVNAFKFM 9606 11583921 t tpavlidou "Vegfr-1 mutated at y1213, y1242, and y1333 were constructed and expressed in pae cells, to the same level as that of pae/vegfr-1 cells. The mutated vegfr-1 y1213f expressed in pae cells was kinase inactive." SIGNOR-110850 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG 10090 11593427 t irozzo "In this report, we show that Bcr–Abl forms a complex with Jak2, and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2; full phosphorylation requires the SH2 domain of Bcr–Abl. We found that Y1007 of Jak2 was phosphorylated in Bcr–Abl positive cells; phosphorylation of Jak2 Y1007 is known to be required for Jak2 kinase activation." SIGNOR-255812 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 HLQTCCGsLAYAAPE 9606 16216881 t gcesareni "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk." SIGNOR-140958 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 20110348 t gcesareni "Protein phosphatase 2a reactivates foxo3a through a dynamic interplay with 14-3-3 and aktpp2a-mediated dephosphorylation of t32/s253 is required for dissociation of 14-3-3, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation of foxo3a." SIGNOR-252973 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257644 ketoprofen chemical CHEBI:6128 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001061 18667313 t Luana "Profens, that is, Ketoprofen 1, Suprofen 2 (Fig. 1), were chosen because of their interesting inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase and of their different selectivity versus the two isoforms COX-1/COX-2. " SIGNOR-257811 GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 12665513 f lperfetto "These results suggest that go alpha q205l activates p38 through taos and mek3/6." SIGNOR-235542 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT FSHR protein P23945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23086931 f miannu "Chromatin modifier MTA2 participates in the down-regulation of FSHR transcription. MTA2 is a potent corepressor of FSHR transcription, because it can recruit histone deacetylase-1 onto the FSHR promoter and participates in the down-regulation of FSHR expression upon FSH treatment." SIGNOR-254225 1-[4-[[2-(2-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-7-methyl-4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-hydroxy-1-propanone chemical CHEBI:93753 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192620 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 17132853 t miannu "The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma." SIGNOR-256197 NRL protein P54845 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15277472 f miannu "KLF15 repressed transactivation of rhodopsin and IRBP promoters alone and in combination with the transcriptional activators Crx and/or Nrl." SIGNOR-253819 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR-C29 18756288 t gcesareni "Bmp ligands bind to the bmp receptors bmpr1 and bmpr2, and bmpr2 then phosphorylates and activates bmpr1." SIGNOR-180545 PIK-90 chemical CID:6857685 PUBCHEM PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206232 NGF protein P01138 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003306 24493753 f miannu "Long-term (more than 24 h) treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) upregulated Nav1.7 functional expression in the strongly metastatic MAT-LyLu rat PCa cell line; acute application had no effect" SIGNOR-253495 SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264701 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9892110 t lperfetto "Smad6 and smad7, can prevent tgfb signaling by interacting either with the receptor or with smad2 and smad3" SIGNOR-64071 AT-406 chemical CID:25022340 PUBCHEM BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189954 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9732876 t lperfetto "Smad3 and smad4 also act together with c-jun and c-fos to activate transcription in response to tgf-beta, through a tgf-beta-inducible association of c-jun with smad3 and an interaction of smad3 and c-fos" SIGNOR-229545 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT GAS2 protein O43903 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage Asp278 MLQISRVdGKTSPIQ 9606 10564664 t gcesareni "We now demonstrate that gas2 is a substrate of caspase-3 but not of caspase-6. Proteolytic processing both in vitro and in vivo is dependent on aspartic residue 279." SIGNOR-72347 TESK2 protein Q96S53 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 BTO:0000567 11418599 t lperfetto "Like tesk1, tesk2 phosphorylated cofilin specifically at ser-3 and induced formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions." SIGNOR-108753 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 10564272 f lperfetto "We found that both smad6 and smad7 inhibit the activation of smad1 and smad5 by bmpr-ia/alk-3 and bmpr-ib/alk-6, as well as that by alk-2" SIGNOR-235361 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser530 DGPPSPRsPVIGSEV 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29590-4" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of pml by mitogen-activated protein kinases plays a key role in arsenic trioxide-mediated apoptosis." SIGNOR-124317 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27712625 f miannu "The activated kinases then phosphorylate the signal transducers and transcription factors STAT1 and STAT2, which form a complex with IRF9 (ISGF3) that enters the nucleus to transactivate promoters of an antiviral gene expression program. Genes that are specifically upregulated by IFNs are collectively called ISGs (IFN-stimulated genes). The kinase PKR is an ISG product acting as a signaling PRR on one hand (see earlier), but its main function in antiviral defense is the inhibition of protein synthesis.PKR has a broad antiviral spectrum." SIGNOR-260159 "BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex" complex SIGNOR-C295 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14636569 t lperfetto "However, since the same domain of p53 is also the target of ubiquitination by MDM2 protein, further in vivo experiments are required to demonstrate the biological relevance of p53 ubiquitination by BRCC.|The Extreme C Terminus of p53 Is Ubiquitinated by BRCC" SIGNOR-263210 PAH protein P00439 UNIPROT tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "L-phenylalanine is converted into L-tyrosine in the liver, by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PH) in the presence of oxygen, iron, and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors" SIGNOR-263989 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264289 GSTA1 protein P08263 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000018 29928434 f irozzo "In addition, the downregulation of GSTA1 in A549 cells significantly induced cell apoptosis in vitro. In conclusion, GSTA1 plays an important role in regulation of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in A549 cell line." SIGNOR-256297 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser155 GRLKRERsMSENAVR 9606 26816379 t gcesareni "A screen for substrates of AMPK identified mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), a mitochondrial outer-membrane receptor for DRP1, the cytoplasmic guanosine triphosphatase that catalyzes mitochondrial fission." SIGNOR-245953 "5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:58017 ChEBI "orotidine 5'-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57538 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 2912371 t miannu "Uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase contains two sequential catalytic activities for the synthesis of orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) from orotate (EC 2.4.2.10, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and the decarboxylation of OMP to form UMP (EC 4.1.1.23, OMP decarboxylase)." SIGNOR-267435 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser862 IRNKARLsITGSVGE 10366608 t llicata "We found that GluR4 is phosphorylated on serine 842 within the C-terminal domain in vitro and in vivo. Serine 842 is phosphorylated by PKA, PKC, and CaMKII in vitro and is phosphorylated in transfected cells by PKA." SIGNOR-250699 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is responsible for apoptosis execution" SIGNOR-256548 ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT MYOD/HEB complex SIGNOR-C128 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241137 leucine smallmolecule CHEBI:25017 ChEBI SESN2 protein P58004 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26449471 t "We find that leucine, but not arginine, disrupts the Sestrin2- GATOR2 interaction by binding to Sestrin2 with a dissociation constant of 20micromolar, which is the leucine concentration that half-maximally activates mTORC1" SIGNOR-254897 APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15829969 t lperfetto "During apoptosis, Apaf-1 binds to cytochrome c and in the presence of ATP/dATP forms an apoptosome, leading to the recruitment and activation of the initiator caspase, caspase-9 ." SIGNOR-135381 budesonide chemical CHEBI:3207 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 9657565 t "allergic rhinitis" gcesareni SIGNOR-251689 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 19917253 t gcesareni "Through its ww domain, nedd4l specifically recognizes a tgf-beta-induced phosphothr-protyr motif in the linker region, resulting in smad2/3 polyubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-161713 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT GLIS2 protein Q9BZE0 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0001130 16316410 t gcesareni "Negative regulation of gli1 and gli2 activator function by suppressor of fused through multiple mechanisms.Together, these observations reveal that su(fu) regulates the activity of gli1 and gli2 through distinct cytoplasmic and nuclear mechanisms." SIGNOR-142608 pemetrexed chemical CHEBI:63616 ChEBI DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205819 Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR H3Y1 protein P0DPK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21041487 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266975 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SORBS3 protein O60504 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser530 DGPQLPTsPRLTAAA 9606 15184391 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O60504-2" llicata "Vinexin was directly phosphorylated by erk2 upon stimulation with egf at the serine 189 of vinexin _." SIGNOR-125221 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131826 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser310 QTRNRKAsGKGKKKR 9606 16107690 t llicata "We found that akt directly phosphorylates the transcription factor gata-1 at serine 310 and that this site-specific phosphorylation is required for the transcriptional activation of the timp-1 promoter." SIGNOR-139782 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser497 GSLCSVFsPSFVQWE 9606 BTO:0000007 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262981 JAG2 protein Q9Y219 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10958687 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Binding of delta1, jagged1, and jagged2 to notch2 rapidly induces cleavage, nuclear translocation, and hyperphosphorylation of notch2" SIGNOR-269935 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT HSD3B2 protein P26439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15632317 f miannu "IL-4 induces HSD3B1 gene expression, along with IL-13, through STAT 6 activation." SIGNOR-255249 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser368 PNPSTSAsPKKSPPP 9606 BTO:0000938 18332217 t lperfetto "We define ser-331 as the site phosphorylated by cyclin e-cdk2, cyclin a-cdk2, and p35-cdk5 both in vitro and in cells. Importantly, phosphorylation at ser-331 inhibits the catalytic activity of sirt2." SIGNOR-216725 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT IRF2 protein P14316 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15778351 t miannu "We show that IRF-2 forms a complex with STAT1 and the cytokine-responsive region of the TAP1 promoter in any TPO or IFN-gamma target cells tested. Interaction of IRF-2 and STAT1 on the promoter depends on the DNA-binding domain of IRF-2." SIGNOR-254532 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12807881 f miannu "We found rfp-mediated activation of both exogenous and endogenous forms of the other stress-activated mapk, p38." SIGNOR-102028 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23422745 t gcesareni "The phosphorylation of atr and atm substrates, chk1, chk2, h2ax, and brca1 was significantly reduced or abrogated in mutant cells." SIGNOR-201050 MTSS1 protein O43312 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 15545630 t gcesareni "Mim is a shh-responsive gene that can potentiate gli transcriptional activity.MIM Appears to regulate target gene expression through its association with the gli complex" SIGNOR-130542 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT MYOF protein Q9NZM1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 23612709 f miannu "Activated NFATc2 stimulates myoblast fusion through the increased production of IL-4 and myoferlin" SIGNOR-255465 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 8626452 t fstefani "We assayed the relative ability of mkp-2, pac1, and mkp-1 to dephosphorylate erk2 and the other related map kinases, jnk2 and p38. the dual specific phosphatases pac1 and mkp-1 previously have been implicated in the in vivo inactivation of erk or of erk and jnk, respectively." SIGNOR-40879 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr52 HKHKHEMtLKFGPAR 9606 BTO:0000848;BTO:0001286 22304920 t lperfetto "Pkc_ phosphorylation of atf2 on thr52. Pkc_ promotes oncogenic functions of atf2 in the nucleus while blocking its apoptotic function at mitochondria" SIGNOR-195761 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 23562856 t gcesareni "D-type cyclins (cyclin d1, d2, or d3) and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk4, cdk6) connect signals from cytokines to the cell cycle machinery, and they propel cells through the g1 restriction point and into the s phase when activated by cyclin d1, cdk4 is able to phosphorylate prb," SIGNOR-201666 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT KLF15 protein Q9UIH9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 20956975 f lperfetto "We identified glucocorticoid response element sites in the first intron of KLF15 by bioinformatical promoter analysis and confirmed their functional relevance by demonstrating GR interaction by chromatin immunoprecipitation" SIGNOR-236212 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser112 KRAGGEEsQFEMDI 9606 11146653 t lperfetto "Here we report that atm... phosphorylates 4e-bp1 at ser 111cells lacking atm kinase activity exhibit a significant decrease in the insulin-induced dissociation of 4e-bp1 from eif-4e." SIGNOR-85619 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT BICD1 protein Q96G01 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr597 KEPSPTKtPTISPVI 9606 BTO:0000567 17139249 t miannu "Therefore, at least Ser585 and Thr597 in BICD1 are important phosphorylation sites for BICD1 to exert its functions, and GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation is required for the interaction of BICD1 with dynein." SIGNOR-262744 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr293 RRPGEKTyTQRCRLF 9606 BTO:0000785 17537995 t lperfetto "Furthermore, psf was shown to be a direct substrate of purified alk kinase domain in vitro, and psf tyr293 was identified as the site of phosphorylation. Psf phosphorylation also increased its binding to rna and decreased the psf-mediated suppression of gage6 expression." SIGNOR-155298 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT LRBA protein P50851 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15064745 f miannu "We also show that LRBA promoter activity and endogenous LRBA mRNA levels are reduced by p53 and increased by E2F1, indicating that mutations in the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb could contribute to the deregulation of LRBA." SIGNOR-253847 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TPX2 protein Q9ULW0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr72 NLQQAIVtPLKPVDN -1 25688093 t lperfetto "In this study, we characterize the phosphorylation of threonine 72 (Thr(72)) in human TPX2, a residue highly conserved across species. We find that Cdk1/2 phosphorylate TPX2 in vitro and in vivo. |Endogenous TPX2 phosphorylated at Thr(72) does not associate with the mitotic spindle. Furthermore, ectopic GFP-TPX2 T72A preferentially concentrates on the spindle" SIGNOR-265099 AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671;BTO:0000763 10911903 t gcesareni "It has been found that a multiprotein complex assembled by the cytoplasmic component conductin induces degradation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin. The complex includes apc, the serine/threonine kinase gsk3 beta, and beta-catenin, which bind to conductin at distinct domains." SIGNOR-79947 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT PAX9 protein P55771 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12657635 t miannu "Human PLU-1 Has transcriptional repression properties and interacts with the developmental transcription factors BF-1 and PAX9. In a reporter assay system, PLU-1 has potent transcriptional repression activity. BF-1 and PAX9 also represses transcription in the same assay, but co-expression of PLU-1 with BF-1 or PAX9 significantly enhances this repression" SIGNOR-223875 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001567 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255165 TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24352680 t lperfetto "Upon activation, tlrs hetero- or homodimerize inducing the recruitment of adaptor proteins via the cytoplasmic tir domain" SIGNOR-216301 DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21883093 t miannu "In the present study, we indentified the SG marker PABP1 [poly(A)-binding protein 1] as another direct interaction partner of DDX3. Interestingly, down-regulation of DDX3 interfered with SG assembly, led to nuclear accumulation of PABP1 and reduced cell viability following stress. Conversely, supplementation with a shRNA (short hairpin RNA)-resistant DDX3 restored SG formation, the translocation of PABP1 into SGs and cell survival." SIGNOR-269201 UPF1 protein Q92900 UNIPROT Upf-EJC complex SIGNOR-C367 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17803942 t miannu "The three Up-frameshift (Upf) proteins, Upf1, Upf2, and Upf3 that together form the Upf complex, constitute the conserved core of NMD from yeast to humans. hUpf3b Forms Multiple Contacts with the EJC and Depends on hUpf2 for Complex Formation with hUpf1" SIGNOR-265237 MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000142 20493079 t Luana "The selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and (−)-deprenyl were used to study the distribution of monoamine oxidase-A and -B (MAO-A, MAO-B) activities towards (−)-noradrenaline and (+),(−)-adrenaline in homogenates from seven different regions of human brain. Noradreanline and adrenaline were substrates for both forms of the enzyme in all regions studied." SIGNOR-269747 LTBP1 protein Q14766 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003247 8432736 t lperfetto "Together these data form strong support for the hypothesis that the LTBP plays an essential role in the activation of latent TGF-b in heterotypic cultures." SIGNOR-235754 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002881 19427855 f Luana "Neuronal differentiation of neural precursor cells is promoted by the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2" SIGNOR-264966 AAK1 protein Q2M2I8 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr102 LRVVDEKtKDLIVDQ 9606 18657069 t llicata "Collectively, these observations demonstrate that numb endocytic activity is regulated by aak1 and that phosphorylation may be a critical step in promoting coated pit maturation." SIGNOR-179606 2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]-N-[8-[[2-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-4-yl]oxyacetyl]amino]octyl]acetamide chemical CID:121427831 PUBCHEM BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 29764999 t Monia "DBET6 induces efficient degradation of BET proteins and inhibits the proliferation of GBM cells" SIGNOR-261094 MAST3 protein O60307 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15951562 t miannu "Pten binds to and is phosphorylated by mast kinases./ Pdz domain-mediated binding to pten facilitates its phosphorylation by mast kinases / pdz domain binding increases pten protein stability." SIGNOR-138077 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg759 KNNAIEPrSFSQNSR -1 10350471 t lperfetto "N-Terminal sequencing along with time courses of proteolysis indicated that VIIa-TF/PL cleaved factor VIII first at R740, followed by concomitant cleavage at R336 and R372. |hus, heavy chain cleavage of factor VIII by VIIa-TF/PL produces an inactive factor VIII cofactor no longer capable of activation by thrombin." SIGNOR-263644 RRAGB protein Q5VZM2 UNIPROT RAGBC complex SIGNOR-C115 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "Mammals express four Rag proteins€”RagA, RagB, RagC, and RagD€”that form heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB with RagC or RagD. RagA and RagB, like RagC and RagD, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-228176 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 10884684 t lperfetto "Calmodulin is the best studied and prototypical example of the e-f-hand family of ca2+-sensing proteins. In the event of a transient rise in Ca2+, the Ca2+ ion is coordinated in each Ca2+-binding loop of Ca2+–CaM by seven, primarily carboxylate, ligands. The binding of Ca2+ leads to substantial alterations in the interhelical angles within the E–F hands in each domain and dramatically changes the two domains of CaM to produce more ‘openÂ’ conformations" SIGNOR-78915 "perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:39421 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31332417 t miannu "In the present study, we demonstrated PFASs bound to and activated human PPARb/d-LBD directly. The PPARb/d binding potency and transcriptional activity of PFASs were all related to the carbon chain length and the terminal functional group." SIGNOR-268757 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT MALT1 protein Q9UDY8 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000782 17948050 t gcesareni "Traf6 associates with malt1 in response to t-cell activation and can function as an e3 ligase for malt1 in vitro and in vivo, mediating lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of malt1. Multiple lysine residues in the c-terminus of malt1 serve as acceptor sites for the assembly of polyubiquitin chains. (articolo-abstract)" SIGNOR-158554 LARP4B protein Q92615 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20573744 f miannu "Here we show that LARP4B is a cytoplasmic protein that co-sediments with polysomes and accumulates upon stress induction in stress granules." SIGNOR-260939 NUP62 protein P37198 UNIPROT TUBG1 protein P23258 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24107630 t Simone "Furthermore, we found interactions and co-localization with γ-tubulin and SAS-6. Our results also point to a potential role of Nup62 in targeting gamma-tubulin and SAS-6 to the centrioles." SIGNOR-261257 NDUFA4 protein O00483 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267752 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11287630 f lperfetto "Tumor necrosis factor (tnf) inhibited insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of irs-1 and activated the akt/protein kinase b serine-threonine kinase, a downstream target for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase" SIGNOR-106593 THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-133246 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1248 PTAENPEyLGLDVPV -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254701 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT RAD23A protein P54725 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 10373495 t miannu " Here we report the identification of HHR23A, one of the human homologues of the yeast DNA repair protein Rad23, as an E6-independent target of E6AP.  E6AP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of HHR23A and HHR23B." SIGNOR-272550 MRPL22 protein Q9NWU5 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262371 MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex SIGNOR-C147 SIGNOR "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "The BRCA1–C complex consisting of BRCA1, Mre11:Rad50:Nbs1 (collectively known as the MRN complex) and CtIP plays a role in DSB end resection, a process that also involves EXO1 and DNA2" SIGNOR-263221 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 17108107 t gcesareni "We show that lkb1 physically associates with p53 in the nucleus and directly or indirectly phosphorylates p53 ser15 (previously shown to be phosphorylated by amp-dependent kinase) and p53 ser392" SIGNOR-150830 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MKNK2 protein Q9HBH9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9155017 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk and p38 phosphorylate mnk1 and mnk2, which stimulates their in vitro kinase activity." SIGNOR-270115 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser299 KMAFRAKsKSCHDLS -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249008 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "This effort culminated in the identification of the clinical candidate BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib, Nexavar), which has recently been approved by the FDA for advanced renal cell carcinoma in phase III clinical trials. Sorafenib inhibited the kinase activity of both C-RAF and B-RAF (wild type and V600E mutant)." SIGNOR-259220 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9606 BTO:0000007 12600984 t lperfetto "We also showed that phosphorylation of Tyr-315 in Akt induced by Src or EGF is dependent on the integrity of this proline-rich motif. Furthermore, the Akt mutant lacking this proline motif fails to block the transcription activity of Forkhead in 293 cells and poorly stimulates the proliferation of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Taken together, our data suggest that the interaction between the SH3 domain of Src family kinases and the proline-rich motif in the C-terminal regulatory region of Akt is required for tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt and its subsequent activation." SIGNOR-252621 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT ZHX1 protein Q9UKY1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" sumoylation Lys454 VPTSQSVkHETALVN 9606 BTO:0000007 23686912 t miannu "Here, we report that the SUMO-E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 was identified to interact with ZHX1 by an interaction screen using a yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays. Further study showed that ZHX1 is SUMOylated by Ubc9 with SUMO1 at the sites K159, K454, and K626. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SUMOylation of ZHX1 regulated the stability, ubiquitination and transcriptional activity of ZHX1. The sumoylation of zinc‐fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) by ubc9 regulates its stability and transcriptional repression activity. However, in the current work, we demonstrated that ZHX1 was only SUMOylated by SUMO1." SIGNOR-263900 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT CABLES1 protein Q8TDN4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser313 RCRTLSGsPRPKNFK 9606 11733001 t lperfetto "Here, we report that ser274 of p70ik3-1 is phosphorylated by cdk2 or cdk3 bound to cyclin a and to cyclin e in vitro. Currently, however, the question of how ik3-1 function is modified by its cdk3-mediated phosphorylation of ser274 remains to be adressed." SIGNOR-112418 PSMD14 protein O00487 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263346 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 14679297 t lperfetto "We show that purified recombinant ikk-epsilon and tbk1 directly phosphorylate the critical serine residues in irf3 allowing its translocation into the nucleus and production of interferon type i." SIGNOR-120355 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser37 YLDSGIHsGATTTAP 9606 19667122 t lperfetto "Specifically, we provide evidence that jnk binds to e-cadherin/beta-catenin complex and phosphorylates beta-catenin at serine 37 and threonine 41, the sites also phosphorylated by gsk-3beta." SIGNOR-187578 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15801 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 25406093 t lperfetto "Here we show that, in addition to catalyzing oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate, PHGDH catalyzes NADH-dependent reduction of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) to the oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2HG)." SIGNOR-268573 POU1F1 protein P28069 UNIPROT GH1 protein P01241 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15998782 f miannu "Such findings are consistent with the existence, in humans, of an LHX4-driven pathway leading to the expression of GH through transcriptional activation of POU1F1." SIGNOR-254559 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser69 GPLAPPAsPGPFATR 10116 15486195 t miannu "Ser69 can also be phosphorylated by JNK and p38MAPK at least in vitro. Phosphorylation of BimEL on Ser69 promotes its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-260442 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ELAVL1 protein Q15717 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19528229 t gcesareni "P38 mapk phosphorylates the mrna binding protein hur on thr118, which results in cytoplasmic accumulation of hur and its enhanced binding to the p21cip1 mrna." SIGNOR-186138 2-[[2-[[1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-oxoethyl]-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]amino]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-6-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:93768 ChEBI IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192868 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr334 QSTKVPQtPLHTSRV 9606 8846784 t fstefani "Using novel methodology we demonstrate that activation of mapkap kinase-2 requires the phosphorylation of any two of the three residues thr222, ser272 and thr334. gst-mapkap kinase-2 lacking the n-terminal domain was inactive, but activated fully when phosphorylated at thr222, ser272 and thr334 by p42 mapk or rk." SIGNOR-44347 CYP21A2 protein P08686 UNIPROT 11-deoxycortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:28324 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000050 25855791 t lperfetto "Cytochrome P450 (P450)4 21A2 is the major steroid 21-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-OH-progesterone) to form 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively" SIGNOR-268644 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr31 FLSEETPySYPTGNH 9606 15688067 t miannu "Paxillin is phosphorylated by FAK–Src on Tyr31 and Tyr118, and this can also promote SH2-mediated binding of Crk to paxillin. Overexpressing paxillin that is mutated at these phosphorylation sites inhibits the turnover of focal contacts6 and cell motility, which therefore supports the presence of multiple routes for FAK–Src-mediated signalling in modulating the dynamics of cell adhesion sites." SIGNOR-28247 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr231 ALKEEPQtVPEMPGE 9606 1516134 t lperfetto "Casein kinase ii is a negative regulator of c-jun dna binding and ap-1 activitywe show that two of these sites, thr-231 and ser-249, are phosphorylated by casein kinase ii (ckii)." SIGNOR-19607 RASGEF1B protein Q0VAM2 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183835 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 16418226 t gcesareni "Abrogation of pkcdelta activity inhibited insulin-induced stat3 phosphorylation, pkcdelta-stat3 association and nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-143828 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EXOC7 protein Q9UPT5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser250 SSSGVPYsPAIPNKR 9606 22595671 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 phosphorylation enhances the binding of exo70 to other exocyst components and promotes the assembly of the exocyst complex in response to epidermal growth factor (egf) signaling." SIGNOR-197543 TAF1D protein Q9H5J8 UNIPROT "SL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C464 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30693017 t lperfetto "SL1 comprises TBP, TAF1A (also known as TAFI48), TAF1B (also known as TAFI63), TAF1C (also known as TAFI110), and TAF1D (also known as TAFI41) and recruits the RNAP1 complex to induce PIC formation." SIGNOR-269563 SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR Degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH92 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16470226 f "Alessandro Palma" "So, the association of aggregated FcεRI with the preferentially activated LYN in lipid rafts might be sufficient to shift the equilibrium of FcεRI from a nonphosphorylated state to a phosphorylated state, thereby initiating FcεRI-mediated degranulation" SIGNOR-254956 FBXO3 protein Q9UK99 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004573 18809579 t miannu "O clarify the role of PML in transcription regulation, we purified the PML complex and identified Fbxo3 (Fbx3), Skp1, and Cullin1 as novel components of this complex. Fbx3 formed SCF(Fbx3) ubiquitin ligase and promoted the degradation of HIPK2 and p300 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-271743 ARPC3 protein O15145 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12479800 t "The subunits in mammalian cells are named Arp3, Arp2, p41-Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc and p16-Arc" SIGNOR-251516 PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 10116 12237306 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "Recombinant PAK2 could also phosphorylate the Ser9 and Ser551 residues." SIGNOR-269974 FIS1 protein Q9Y3D6 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fission phenotype SIGNOR-PH143 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25486875 f lperfetto "During fission, DRP1 is recruited from the cytosol to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it assembles with FIS1 to constrict the mitochondrial tubule (2)" SIGNOR-272976 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr179 FAKTFVGtPYYMSPE 9606 17197699 t gcesareni "Enzymatic activity, inhibited;" SIGNOR-151771 GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT TFIIA complex SIGNOR-C395 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 7724559 t lperfetto "TFIIA purified from HeLa extracts consists of 35-, 19-, and 12-kDa subunits. Here we describe the isolation of a cDNA clone (hTFIIA gamma) encoding the 12-kDa subunit." SIGNOR-266197 succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271805 ZM447439 chemical CHEBI:91376 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207923 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser588 QTLSDSLsGSSLYST 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252978 DLG5 protein Q8TDM6 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C506 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270893 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 DFPKKPLtPYFRFFM 9606 11741541 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 was found to phosphorylate the architectural transcription factor ubf at amino acids 117 and 201 within hmg boxes 1 and 2, preventing their interaction with dna" SIGNOR-112813 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation -1 10660596 t lperfetto "Tyrosine dephosphorylation and deactivation of insulin receptor substrate-1 by protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Possible facilitation by the formation of a ternary complex with the Grb2 adaptor protein." SIGNOR-74852 HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 21261500 f miannu "Overexpression of HOXA9 or HOXA10 in JURKAT cells by lentiviral transduction resulted in decreased expression of MEF2C, indicating repression by these homeodomain proteins. HOXA9/10 inhibits expression of MEF2C via NMYC" SIGNOR-254211 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI inosine smallmolecule CHEBI:17596 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 15926889 t Luana "Adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) catalyses the deamination of adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine. Two different isoenzymes of ADA designated as ADA1 and ADA2 were found in mammals and lower vertebrates" SIGNOR-269736 ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT CLTCL1 protein P53675 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20639872 t gcesareni "Clathrin heavy-chain interacts with atg16l1, and is involved in the formation of atg16l1-positive early autophagosome precursors" SIGNOR-166705 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000452 19820693 f Luana "We show that MeCP2 cooperates with HIPK2 in induction of apoptosis and that Ser 80 phosphorylation is required together with the DNA binding of MeCP2. | We found increased cell death in each of the tested cell lines not only, as expected, when HIPK2 was overexpressed but also with MeCP2 alone. When both proteins were expressed together, the number of dead cells increased in an additive manner." SIGNOR-264551 DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11564735 t gcesareni "We found that a significant fraction of dtx1 proteins were localized in the nucleus and physically interacted with the transcriptional coactivator p300." SIGNOR-110629 PSMD8 protein P48556 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263345 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr573 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252743 MRPS11 protein P82912 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261458 NAT8L protein Q8N9F0 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19524112 t miannu "The biosynthetic enzyme, aspartate-N-acetyltransferase (Asp-NAT; EC 2.3.1.17) is a CNS specific enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetate from acetyl-CoA to L-aspartate forming NAA." SIGNOR-267521 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 KLRRRFSsLHFMVEV 9606 9812896 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylated recombinant casp9 in vitro on serine-196 and inhibited its protease activity" SIGNOR-61561 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT ROS1 protein P08922 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11266449 t lperfetto "Overexpression of shp-1 results in ros dephosphorylation and effectively downregulates ros-dependent proliferation and transformation. We propose that shp-1 is an important downstream regulator of ros signaling." SIGNOR-105922 creatine smallmolecule CHEBI:16919 ChEBI CKM protein P06732 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265784 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT VTN protein P04004 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser381 RNRKGYRsQRGHSRG -1 9030777 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of vitronectin on Ser362 by protein kinase C attenuates its cleavage by plasmin." SIGNOR-248963 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TP53RK protein Q96S44 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser250 RLRGRKRsMVG 9606 17712528 t gcesareni "Here we show that such an activation of prpk is mediated by another kinase, akt/pkb, which phosphorylates prpk at ser250." SIGNOR-157467 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28111979 t Luana "The transcription factor c-Jun can directly bind to the GLS gene promoter and enhance expression" SIGNOR-268035 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr402 CSIESDIyAEIPDET 9606 15695828 t llicata "These data indicate that pyk2 activation via phosphorylation at tyr-402 requires ?V?3 Ligation and src activity." SIGNOR-133870 IL31 protein Q6EBC2 UNIPROT IL31RA protein Q8NI17 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15184896 t gcesareni "Here we identify a four-helix bundle cytokine we have called interleukin 31 (il-31), which is preferentially produced by t helper type 2 cells. Il-31 signals through a receptor composed of il-31 receptor a and oncostatin m receptor." SIGNOR-125313 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 GGKERPGsKEEVDED 9606 16982696 t lperfetto "Second, sgk1 indirectly depolymerized mts through the phosphorylation of tau at ser214" SIGNOR-161288 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 24291232 t flangone "The interaction between Sox2 and _-catenin provides a novel mechanism underlying the functional dichotomy of BC cells, which carries potential therapeutic implications." SIGNOR-241994 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "CellSignaling;phospho-JunB (Thr102/Thr104) (D3C6) Rabbit mAb #8053" gcesareni SIGNOR-189644 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser523 GVSDVPTsPTLQRPT 9606 16705159 t "16705160:the phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser523 inhibits Jak2 activity and represents a novel mechanism for the regulation of Jak2-dependent cytokine signaling." lperfetto "We hypothesize that phosphorylation of ser523 in jak2 by erks 1 and/or 2 or other as-yet-unidentified kinases acts in a negative feedback manner" SIGNOR-146747 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 NQQESSDsGTSVSEN 9606 20708156 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by casein kinase i promotes the turnover of the mdm2 oncoprotein via the scf(beta-trcp) ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-167497 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM15 protein Q9C019 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271215 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16172114 f gcesareni "Hsp70 inhibited stress-induced jnk activation and jnk with sp600125 or by expression of a dominant negative mutant of jnk-blocked bax translocation as effectively as hsp70 overexpression" SIGNOR-140553 GNGT1 protein P63211 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-154261 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SLC8B1 protein Q6J4K2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser258 YQRQRRGsLFCPMPV 36476859 t "Phosphosite is derived from the graphical abstract" lperfetto "However, the PDE2-inhibitory effect is eliminated when the mitochondrial S258A NCLX mutant that mimics a non-PKA phosphorylated state of NCLX is expressed. Altogether, our findings indicate that NCLX is regulated by the mitochondrial PDE2A2 form.|We show that caffeine, by inhibiting PDE2, enhances PKA phosphorylation leading to mitochondrial NCLX activation, thereby reducing neuronal excitotoxicity and enhancing learning in mice. |Moreover, PDE2 acts by diminishing mitochondrial cAMP, thus promoting NCLX phosphorylation at its PKA site." SIGNOR-275728 PDE2A protein O00408 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 36476859 t lperfetto "We show that caffeine, by inhibiting PDE2, enhances PKA phosphorylation leading to mitochondrial NCLX activation, thereby reducing neuronal excitotoxicity and enhancing learning in mice. " SIGNOR-275730 PDE2A protein O00408 UNIPROT PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 36476859 t lperfetto "We show that caffeine, by inhibiting PDE2, enhances PKA phosphorylation leading to mitochondrial NCLX activation, thereby reducing neuronal excitotoxicity and enhancing learning in mice. " SIGNOR-275731 FNTA protein P49354 UNIPROT MRAS protein O14807 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24294527 t lperfetto "Major investments have been made to target Ras through indirect routes. Inhibition of farnesyl transferase to block Ras maturation has failed in large clinical trials." SIGNOR-242553 SLC8B1 protein Q6J4K2 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 23056385 t lperfetto "This study focuses on NCLX, the recently discovered mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger that is linked to Ca(2+) signalling in MIN6 and primary β cells. Suppression either of NCLX expression, using a siRNA construct (siNCLX) or of its activity, by a dominant negative construct (dnNCLX), enhanced mitochondrial Ca(2+) influx and blocked efflux induced by glucose or by cell depolarization." SIGNOR-275732 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT TNIP1 protein Q15025 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser122 KPPSSGTsSEFEVVT 36574265 t lperfetto "TBK1 phosphorylation activates LIR-dependent degradation of the inflammation repressor TNIP1" SIGNOR-275733 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT TNIP1 protein Q15025 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser123 PPSSGTSsEFEVVTP 36574265 t lperfetto "TBK1 phosphorylation activates LIR-dependent degradation of the inflammation repressor TNIP1" SIGNOR-275734 TNIP1 protein Q15025 UNIPROT TAX1BP1 protein Q86VP1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 21885437 t lperfetto "ABIN1 interacted with the A20 regulatory molecule TAX1BP1 and was essential for the recruitment of TAX1BP1 and A20 to the noncanonical IkappaB kinases TBK1 and IKKi in response to poly(I:C) transfection. ABIN1 and TAX1BP1 together disrupted the interactions between the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF3 and TBK1/IKKi to attenuate lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1/IKKi." SIGNOR-275735 TNIP1 protein Q15025 UNIPROT TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 21885437 t lperfetto "ABIN1 interacted with the A20 regulatory molecule TAX1BP1 and was essential for the recruitment of TAX1BP1 and A20 to the noncanonical IkappaB kinases TBK1 and IKKi in response to poly(I:C) transfection. ABIN1 and TAX1BP1 together disrupted the interactions between the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF3 and TBK1/IKKi to attenuate lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1/IKKi." SIGNOR-275736 TAX1BP1 protein Q86VP1 UNIPROT TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 21885437 t lperfetto "ABIN1 interacted with the A20 regulatory molecule TAX1BP1 and was essential for the recruitment of TAX1BP1 and A20 to the noncanonical IkappaB kinases TBK1 and IKKi in response to poly(I:C) transfection. ABIN1 and TAX1BP1 together disrupted the interactions between the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF3 and TBK1/IKKi to attenuate lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1/IKKi." SIGNOR-275737 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser228 PGVTPSKsTSASAIM 9606 BTO:0000938 26917740 t lperfetto "Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents." SIGNOR-275738 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser230 VTPSKSTsASAIMNG 9606 BTO:0000938 26917740 t lperfetto "Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents." SIGNOR-275739 CSNK2A3 protein Q8NEV1 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser228 PGVTPSKsTSASAIM 9606 BTO:0000938 26917740 t lperfetto "Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents." SIGNOR-275742 CSNK2A3 protein Q8NEV1 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser230 VTPSKSTsASAIMNG 9606 BTO:0000938 26917740 t lperfetto "Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents." SIGNOR-275743 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 EGGKSGKsPRRRAAS 9606 17038621 t lperfetto "Cdk2 specifically phosphorylated foxo1 at serine-249 (ser249) in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of ser249 resulted in cytoplasmic localization and inhibition of foxo1." SIGNOR-252892 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser228 PGVTPSKsTSASAIM 9606 BTO:0000938 26917740 t lperfetto "Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents." SIGNOR-275744 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser230 VTPSKSTsASAIMNG 9606 BTO:0000938 26917740 t lperfetto "Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents." SIGNOR-275745 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1112 VPIAVGEsDFENLNT 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275752 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1112 VPIAVGEsDFENLNT 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275753 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1112 VPIAVGEsDFENLNT 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275754 CSNK2A3 protein Q8NEV1 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1124 LNTEEFSsESDMEES 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275755 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1124 LNTEEFSsESDMEES 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275756 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1124 LNTEEFSsESDMEES 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275757 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1124 LNTEEFSsESDMEES 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275758 CSNK2A3 protein Q8NEV1 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1126 TEEFSSEsDMEESKE 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275759 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1126 TEEFSSEsDMEESKE 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275760 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1126 TEEFSSEsDMEESKE 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275761 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1126 TEEFSSEsDMEESKE 9606 BTO:0000938 19064667 t lperfetto "We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G." SIGNOR-275762 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1938 HREKKEStPSTASLP 10116 BTO:0000938 29642012 t lperfetto "In vivo genetic manipulations demonstrate that GSK3β and Nav1.6 are molecular determinants of MSN excitability and that silencing of GSK3β prevents maladaptive plasticity of IC MSNs. In vitro studies reveal direct interaction of GSK3β with Nav1.6 and phosphorylation at Nav1.6T1936 by GSK3β. A GSK3β-Nav1.6T1936 competing peptide reduces MSNs excitability in IC, but not EC rats. These results identify GSK3β regulation of Nav1.6 as a biosignature of MSNs maladaptive plasticity." SIGNOR-275763 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser528 KPRSSRGsIFTFRRR 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275764 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser36 AEKQARGsTTLQESR 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275765 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser525 TSMKPRSsRGSIFTF 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275766 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser484 KRRKRMSsGTEECGE 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275767 RNF167 protein Q9H6Y7 UNIPROT VAMP3 protein Q15836 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys66 QFETSAAkLKRKYWW 9606 BTO:0000007 23353890 t miannu "Here, we show that Godzilla/RNF167 regulates endosome recycling by the ubiquitylation of VAMP3 on Lys66, Lys68 and Lys77; namely, two adjacent Lys residues on the both sides of the critical interface of SNARE complex are ubiquitylated. In agreement with VAMP3 being a target for Goliath family ubiquitin ligases, we show that recycling endosome trafficking is abrogated in response to their activity. While we observed ubiquitylation of VAMP3 by Godzilla, we are unable to describe the nature of this ubiquitination, be it mono-ubiquitin or extended ubiquitin chains." SIGNOR-272093 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26722274 f irozzo "The results of the present study indicated that knockdown of HMOX-1 significantly enhanced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-256303 SACM1L protein Q9NTJ5 UNIPROT "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR down-regulates 9534 BTO:0001444 22253445 f lperfetto "Ectopic Expression of Sac1 Phosphatase Inhibits SARS-CoV S-mediated Entry" SIGNOR-260735 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser664 GARQRALsAVSVLTS 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275768 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr101 IVLNKGKtIFRFSAT 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275769 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser323 HCSAEAGsPAMAVLD 9606 16286470 t lperfetto "The dual-specificity mapk phosphatase mkp-1/cl100/dusp1 is an inducible nuclear protein controlled by p44/42 mapk (erk1/2) in a negative feedback mechanism to inhibit kinase activity. Here, we report on the molecular basis for a novel positive feedback mechanism to sustain erk activation by triggering mkp-1 proteolysis. Active erk2 docking to the def motif (fxfp, residues 339-342) of n-terminally truncated mkp-1 in vitro initiated phosphorylation at the ser(296)/ser(323) domain" SIGNOR-141601 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser571 PWPLRRTsAQGQPSP 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275771 PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser74 EFEELTMsQKNGGNV 24462681 t lperfetto "Protein phosphatase 2A regulates deoxycytidine kinase activity via Ser-74 dephosphorylation|Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a critical enzyme for activation of anticancer nucleoside analogs. Its activity is controlled via Ser-74 phosphorylation. Here, we investigated which Ser/Thr phosphatase dephosphorylates Ser-74. In cells, the PP1/PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid increased both dCK activity and Ser-74 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275804 DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 22850745 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that dCK interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) after IR and that the interaction inhibits Cdk1 activity both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-275805 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser571 PWPLRRTsAQGQPSP 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275774 MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT PCSK1 protein P29120 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17149590 f miannu "the expression of important beta cell genes, e.g. those encoding solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (formerly known as GLUT2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1), NK6 transcription factor-related, locus 1 (NKX6-1), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PCSK1) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), was regulated positively by MAFA and negatively by DN-MAFA." SIGNOR-254566 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 LSLTRGLsRTSMKPR 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275776 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser571 PWPLRRTsAQGQPSP 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275777 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 LSLTRGLsRTSMKPR 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275779 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser571 PWPLRRTsAQGQPSP 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275780 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 RRSVKRNsTVDCNGV 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275785 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr642 RSVKRNStVDCNGVV 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275786 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser561 PFLSRHNsKSSIFSF 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275787 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 RRSVKRNsTVDCNGV 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275788 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr642 RSVKRNStVDCNGVV 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275789 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser561 PFLSRHNsKSSIFSF 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275790 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 RRSVKRNsTVDCNGV 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275791 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr10 SKRAKAKtTKKRPQR 9606 22136066 t lperfetto "Rlc can also be phosphorylated at ser1/ser2/thr9 by protein kinase c (pkc). Biophysical studies show that phosphorylation at these sites leads to an increase in the km of myosin light chain kinase (mlck) for rlc, thereby indirectly inhibiting myosin ii activity" SIGNOR-191536 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPIVKRL 9606 19114991 t lpetrilli "In the nucleus cdk2/4-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 occurs mostly at thr8, thr179, and ser213. Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182983 leucine smallmolecule CHEBI:25017 ChEBI Glutaminolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 22749528 f Luana "Leucine and Glutamine Activate Glutaminolysis and mTORC1" SIGNOR-268011 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr594 LHGKKNStVDCNGVV 9606 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate‚Äìactivated protein kinase (AMPK)‚Äìdependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275772 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr594 LHGKKNStVDCNGVV 9606 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate‚Äìactivated protein kinase (AMPK)‚Äìdependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275775 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 SIGNOR-C110 21078818 f gcesareni "We demonstrate here that prototype canonical wnt3a and noncanonical wnt5a ligands specifically trigger completely unrelated endogenous coreceptors-lrp5/6 and ror1/2, respectively-through a common mechanism that involves their wnt-dependent coupling to the frizzled (fzd) coreceptor and recruitment of shared components, including dishevelled (dvl), axin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3)." SIGNOR-169663 VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT DLL4 protein Q9NR61 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22426001 f gcesareni "Activation triggered by vegf-a (also known as vegf) has been shown to induce expression of thenotchligand dll4 in angiogenic vessels." SIGNOR-196736 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr594 LHGKKNStVDCNGVV 9606 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate‚Äìactivated protein kinase (AMPK)‚Äìdependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275778 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr594 LHGKKNStVDCNGVV 9606 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate‚Äìactivated protein kinase (AMPK)‚Äìdependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275781 2'-deoxycytidine smallmolecule CHEBI:15698 ChEBI "2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57566 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 20637175 t lperfetto "Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK4; EC 2.7.1.74) catalyzes the phosphorylation of 2′-deoxycytidine (dCyd), 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine to their corresponding monophosphate forms, using ATP or UTP as phosphoryl donors. This reaction is the first and rate-limiting step of the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway, which provides deoxynucleoside triphosphates for DNA replication and repair as an alternative to de novo nucleotide synthesis" SIGNOR-275810 2'-deoxyadenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:17256 ChEBI "2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58245 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 20637175 t lperfetto "Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK4; EC 2.7.1.74) catalyzes the phosphorylation of 2′-deoxycytidine (dCyd), 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine to their corresponding monophosphate forms, using ATP or UTP as phosphoryl donors. This reaction is the first and rate-limiting step of the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway, which provides deoxynucleoside triphosphates for DNA replication and repair as an alternative to de novo nucleotide synthesis" SIGNOR-275811 2'-deoxyguanosine smallmolecule CHEBI:17172 ChEBI "2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57673 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 20637175 t lperfetto "Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK4; EC 2.7.1.74) catalyzes the phosphorylation of 2′-deoxycytidine (dCyd), 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine to their corresponding monophosphate forms, using ATP or UTP as phosphoryl donors. This reaction is the first and rate-limiting step of the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway, which provides deoxynucleoside triphosphates for DNA replication and repair as an alternative to de novo nucleotide synthesis" SIGNOR-275812 "L-cystathionine dizwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58161 ChEBI "L-cysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:35235 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275813 "L-cysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:35235 ChEBI hydrosulfide smallmolecule CHEBI:29919 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275814 "L-cysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:35235 ChEBI pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275815 "L-homocysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58199 ChEBI hydrosulfide smallmolecule CHEBI:29919 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275816 "L-selenocystathionine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:62226 ChEBI "L-selenocysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57843 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275817 CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT "L-cysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:35235 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275818 CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT hydrosulfide smallmolecule CHEBI:29919 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275819 CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275820 CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT "L-selenocysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57843 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275821 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268580 MMP21 protein Q8N119 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272366 Dinaciclib chemical CID:46926350 PUBCHEM CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191322 CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT "L-cystathionine dizwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58161 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275822 CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT "L-selenocystathionine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:62226 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275823 PGAM5 protein Q96HS1 UNIPROT ME1 protein P48163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser336 KKIWLVDsKGLIVKG 31735643 t lperfetto "PGAM5-mediated dephosphorylation of malic enzyme 1 (ME1) at S336 allows increased ACAT1-mediated K337 acetylation, leading to ME1 dimerization and activation, both of which are reversed by NEK1 kinase-mediated S336 phosphorylation. SIRT6 deacetylase antagonizes ACAT1 function in a manner that involves mutually exclusive ME1 S336 phosphorylation and K337 acetylation." SIGNOR-275569 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT LRRK1 protein Q38SD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1817 GDSIADVsIMYSEEL 9606 BTO:0000567 26192437 t "phosphosite is derived from Fig 2" lperfetto "Here we show that LRRK1 is a PLK1 substrate that is phosphorylated on Ser 1790. PLK1 phosphorylation is required for CDK1-mediated activation of LRRK1 at the centrosomes" SIGNOR-275467 LRRK1 protein Q38SD2 UNIPROT CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser140 SLAEAGGsEIQRVKE 9606 BTO:0000567 26192437 t lperfetto "Interestingly, LRRK1 in turn phosphorylates CDK5RAP2(Cep215), a human homologue of Drosophila Centrosomin (Cnn), in its gamma-tubulin-binding motif, thus promoting the interaction of CDK5RAP2 with gamma-tubulin. LRRK1 phosphorylation of CDK5RAP2 Ser 140 is necessary for CDK5RAP2-dependent microtubule nucleation." SIGNOR-275468 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr287 KIGFPSTtPAKAKAN 19687009 t lperfetto "Cdc2 phosphorylates T287|CLIP-170, the founding member of microtubule “plus ends tracking” proteins, is involved in many critical microtubule-related functions, including recruitment of dynactin to the microtubule plus ends and formation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments during metaphase. |These results demonstrate that Cdc2-mediated phosphorylation of CLIP-170 is essential for the normal function of this protein during cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-275470 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr287 KIGFPSTtPAKAKAN 19687009 t lperfetto "Cdc2 phosphorylates T287|CLIP-170, the founding member of microtubule “plus ends tracking” proteins, is involved in many critical microtubule-related functions, including recruitment of dynactin to the microtubule plus ends and formation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments during metaphase. |These results demonstrate that Cdc2-mediated phosphorylation of CLIP-170 is essential for the normal function of this protein during cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-275471 LRRK1 protein Q38SD2 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1430 EMFGHWAtNCNDDET 25413345 t "Phosphosite positions are derived from Figure 1" lperfetto "LRRK1 phosphorylates CLIP-170 at Thr1384, located in its C-terminal zinc knuckle motif, and this promotes the association of CLIP-170 with dynein-dynactin complexes." SIGNOR-275469 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT PYG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF96 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0002049 22225877 t "It is well-characterized that GP is activated by PhK-mediated serine phosphorylation at Ser-15" SIGNOR-267960 NEK1 protein Q96PY6 UNIPROT ME1 protein P48163 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser336 KKIWLVDsKGLIVKG 31735643 t lperfetto "PGAM5-mediated dephosphorylation of malic enzyme 1 (ME1) at S336 allows increased ACAT1-mediated K337 acetylation, leading to ME1 dimerization and activation, both of which are reversed by NEK1 kinase-mediated S336 phosphorylation. SIRT6 deacetylase antagonizes ACAT1 function in a manner that involves mutually exclusive ME1 S336 phosphorylation and K337 acetylation." SIGNOR-275570 ACAT1 protein P24752 UNIPROT ME1 protein P48163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys337 KIWLVDSkGLIVKGR 31735643 t lperfetto "PGAM5-mediated dephosphorylation of malic enzyme 1 (ME1) at S336 allows increased ACAT1-mediated K337 acetylation, leading to ME1 dimerization and activation, both of which are reversed by NEK1 kinase-mediated S336 phosphorylation. SIRT6 deacetylase antagonizes ACAT1 function in a manner that involves mutually exclusive ME1 S336 phosphorylation and K337 acetylation." SIGNOR-275571 SIRT6 protein Q8N6T7 UNIPROT ME1 protein P48163 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys337 KIWLVDSkGLIVKGR 31735643 t lperfetto "PGAM5-mediated dephosphorylation of malic enzyme 1 (ME1) at S336 allows increased ACAT1-mediated K337 acetylation, leading to ME1 dimerization and activation, both of which are reversed by NEK1 kinase-mediated S336 phosphorylation. SIRT6 deacetylase antagonizes ACAT1 function in a manner that involves mutually exclusive ME1 S336 phosphorylation and K337 acetylation." SIGNOR-275572 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT DNPEP protein Q9ULA0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser119 VKRRSRRsQVGFQQV 9606 BTO:0000150 31219614 t lperfetto "We show that PAK5 interacts with and phosphorylates DNPEP at serine 119. | PAK5 decreases DNPEP abundance via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-275651 P4HB protein P07237 UNIPROT ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 32149426 t lperfetto "The secretory pathway kinase Fam20C phosphorylates Ser357 of PDI and responds rapidly to various ER stressors. Phosphorylation of Ser357 induces an open conformation of PDI and turns it from a ""foldase"" into a ""holdase"", which is critical for preventing protein misfolding in the ER. Phosphorylated PDI also binds to the lumenal domain of IRE1α, a major UPR signal transducer, and attenuates excessive IRE1α activity." SIGNOR-275573 FAM20C protein Q8IXL6 UNIPROT P4HB protein P07237 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser357 KIKPHLMsQELPEDW 32149426 t lperfetto "The secretory pathway kinase Fam20C phosphorylates Ser357 of PDI and responds rapidly to various ER stressors. Phosphorylation of Ser357 induces an open conformation of PDI and turns it from a ""foldase"" into a ""holdase"", which is critical for preventing protein misfolding in the ER. Phosphorylated PDI also binds to the lumenal domain of IRE1α, a major UPR signal transducer, and attenuates excessive IRE1α activity." SIGNOR-275574 AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination phosphorylation:Ser18;Thr783 MVMSFRVsDLQMLLG;T>782 27162139 t lperfetto "In this study, we discovered a new protein isoform encoded by KIAA0317, termed fibrosis-inducing E3 ligase 1 (FIEL1), which potently stimulates the TGFβ signaling pathway through the site-specific ubiquitination of PIAS4.FIEL1 targets PIAS4 using a double locking mechanism that is facilitated by the kinases PKCζ and GSK3β. Specifically, PKCζ phosphorylation of PIAS4 and GSK3β phosphorylation of FIEL1 are both essential for the degradation of PIAS4." SIGNOR-275575 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr106 NKRTVLTtQPNGLTT 19965871 t "Phosphosites were derived from Figure 3" lperfetto "ATM augments nuclear stabilization of DYRK2 by inhibiting MDM2 in the apoptotic response to DNA damage|Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, ATM phosphorylates DYRK2 at Thr-33 and Ser-369, which enables DYRK2 to escape from degradation by dissociation from MDM2 and to induce the kinase activity toward p53 at Ser-46 in the nucleus." SIGNOR-275576 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser196 KLRRRFSsLHFMVEV -1 9812896 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylated recombinant casp9 in vitro on serine-196 and inhibited its protease activity" SIGNOR-252581 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser260 SLDSEDYsLSEEGQE 9606 12383858 t gcesareni "Here we show that the oncogenic and cell cycle-regulatory protein kinase, polo-like kinase-1 (plk1), phosphorylates mdm2 at one of these residues, ser260, and stimulates mdm2-mediated turnover of p53. These data are consistent with the idea that deregulation of plk1 during tumourigenesis may help suppress p53 function." SIGNOR-94272 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT FBXW5 protein Q969U6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser151 SQFNKDDsLLLASGV 21725316 t lperfetto "The activity of SCF-FBXW5 is in turn negatively regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), which phosphorylates FBXW5 at Ser 151 to suppress its ability to ubiquitylate HsSAS-6." SIGNOR-275476 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT KCNQ1 protein P51787 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser484 PHFMRTNsFAEDLDL 29410121 t lperfetto "CaMKII regulates KCNQ1 at S484 during sustained β-AR stimulation to inhibit IKs. The ability of CaMKII to inhibit IKs may contribute to arrhythmogenicity during HF." SIGNOR-275479 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1116 AALGSTGtVAHLVAS 23871434 t "Phosphosite positions are derived from Figure S5" lperfetto "AMPKalpha2-mediated inhibition of WIP1 phosphorylation by HIPK2|Site-directed mutagenesis of Thr112 and Ser114 in the N terminus, and Thr1107 in the C terminus markedly reduced HIPK2 phosphorylation by AMPKalpha2 in vitro" SIGNOR-275487 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser712 EEEESDSsETEKEDD 21296876 t lperfetto "Simultaneous mutation of five Ser/Thr residues within 702-714 to Ala ((702)ST/AA(714)) abolished phosphorylation and binding of beta-arrestin2. In transfected cells, the CK2 catalytic alpha subunit formed a complex with NHE5 and decreased wild-type but not (702)ST/AA(714) NHE5 activity, further supporting a regulatory role for this kinase. The rate of internalization of (702)ST/AA(714) was also diminished and relatively insensitive to overexpression of beta-arrestin2." SIGNOR-275500 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser711 EEEEESDsSETEKED 21296876 t lperfetto "Simultaneous mutation of five Ser/Thr residues within 702-714 to Ala ((702)ST/AA(714)) abolished phosphorylation and binding of beta-arrestin2. In transfected cells, the CK2 catalytic alpha subunit formed a complex with NHE5 and decreased wild-type but not (702)ST/AA(714) NHE5 activity, further supporting a regulatory role for this kinase. The rate of internalization of (702)ST/AA(714) was also diminished and relatively insensitive to overexpression of beta-arrestin2." SIGNOR-275501 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser121 LMRRSTVsLLDTYQK 23871434 t "Phosphosite positions are derived from Figure S5" lperfetto "AMPKalpha2-mediated inhibition of WIP1 phosphorylation by HIPK2|Site-directed mutagenesis of Thr112 and Ser114 in the N terminus, and Thr1107 in the C terminus markedly reduced HIPK2 phosphorylation by AMPKalpha2 in vitro" SIGNOR-275486 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT RTKN protein Q9BST9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser448 QALAKQGsLYHEMAI 22228765 t "Phosphosite positions are derived from Figure 2" lperfetto "Here, we show that rhotekin, an effector of RhoA GTPase, is a novel substrate of PKD. We identified Ser-435 in rhotekin as the potential site targeted by PKD in vivo. Expression of a phosphomimetic S435E rhotekin mutant resulted in an increase of endogenous active RhoA GTPase levels. Phosphorylation of rhotekin by PKD2 modulates the anchoring of the RhoA in the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-275511 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000782 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 11313917 f amattioni "P27(kip1) gene is a target of transcriptional repression by c-myc." SIGNOR-107032 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser442 IELLGMPsQKLLDAS 19965871 t "Phosphosites were derived from Figure 3" lperfetto "ATM augments nuclear stabilization of DYRK2 by inhibiting MDM2 in the apoptotic response to DNA damage|Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, ATM phosphorylates DYRK2 at Thr-33 and Ser-369, which enables DYRK2 to escape from degradation by dissociation from MDM2 and to induce the kinase activity toward p53 at Ser-46 in the nucleus." SIGNOR-275577 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 19965871 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-46 is indispensable for the commitment to apoptotic cell death. |Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, ATM phosphorylates DYRK2 at Thr-33 and Ser-369, which enables DYRK2 to escape from degradation by dissociation from MDM2 and to induce the kinase activity toward p53 at Ser-46 in the nucleus." SIGNOR-275578 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 19965871 t lperfetto "Under normal conditions, nuclear and not cytoplasmic DYRK2 is ubiquitinated by MDM2, resulting in its constitutive degradation.|Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, ATM phosphorylates DYRK2 at Thr-33 and Ser-369, which enables DYRK2 to escape from degradation by dissociation from MDM2 and to induce the kinase activity toward p53 at Ser-46 in the nucleus." SIGNOR-275579 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR LARP7 protein Q4G0J3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 32726637 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that upon genotoxic stress, BRCA1 together with BARD1 catalyzes the K48 polyubiquitination on LARP7, a 7SK RNA binding protein known to control RNAPII pausing, and thereby degrades it through the 26S ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-275581 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PARK7 protein Q99497 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr125 GFGSKVTtHPLAKDK 32858971 t lperfetto "Using a proteomic approach, we identified on DJ-1 a novel threonine phosphorylation (T125) that was found, by the in-silico tool scansite 4, as part of a putative Akt consensus. |Deglycase activity of DJ-1 on histones proteins, investigated by coupling 2D tau gel with LC-MS/MS and 2D-TAU (Triton-Acid-Urea)-Western blot, was found correlated with its phosphorylation status that, in turn, depends from Akt activation." SIGNOR-275582 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 BTO:0000567 15718470 t gcesareni "Akt/PKB activation requires the phosphorylation of Thr308 in the activation loop by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Ser473 within the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic motif by an unknown kinase." SIGNOR-252612 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCKDK protein O14874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr246 RRLCEHKyGNAPRVR 9606 BTO:0001615 32238881 t lperfetto "Src phosphorylated BCKDK at the tyrosine 246 (Y246) site in vitro and ex vivo. Knockdown and knockout of Src downregulated the phosphorylation of BCKDK. Importantly, phosphorylation of BCKDK by Src enhanced the activity and stability of BCKDK, thereby promoting the migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells." SIGNOR-275583 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCKDK protein O14874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr246 RRLCEHKyGNAPRVR 9606 BTO:0001615 32238881 t lperfetto "Src phosphorylated BCKDK at the tyrosine 246 (Y246) site in vitro and ex vivo. Knockdown and knockout of Src downregulated the phosphorylation of BCKDK. Importantly, phosphorylation of BCKDK by Src enhanced the activity and stability of BCKDK, thereby promoting the migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells." SIGNOR-275584 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FXN protein Q16595 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr118 EDLADKPyTFEDYDV 9606 BTO:0000007 25948553 t lperfetto "We found that frataxin can be phosphorylated by Src. Phosphorylation occurs primarily on Y118 and promotes frataxin ubiquitination, a signal for degradation." SIGNOR-275585 DNPEP protein Q9ULA0 UNIPROT USP4 protein Q13107 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 31219614 t lperfetto "A further analysis showed that the hydrolysis pathway contributes to DNPEP-mediated degradation of USP4 (Supporting Information Figs. S3A–S3F). The interaction between USP4 and DNPEP was confirmed by coIP assays" SIGNOR-275652 KLHL2 protein O95198 UNIPROT WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272119 DUSP26 protein Q9BV47 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 20562916 t miannu "We found that dusp26 promotes the resistance of human neuroblastoma to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis by acting as a p53 phosphatase to downregulate p53 tumor suppressor function in neuroblastoma cells. / we found that dusp26 binds to p53 and dephosphorylates p53 at ser20 and ser37." SIGNOR-166258 "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268591 MSH2 protein P43246 UNIPROT BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C60 15064730 t miannu "We show that the recombinant hmsh2/6 protein complex stimulated the ability of the bloom's syndrome gene product, blm, to process holliday junctions in vitro" SIGNOR-123699 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser518 DTDMKRLsMEIEKEK 9606 18071304 t lperfetto "Merlin localizes to the cell membrane where it links the actin cytoskeleton to membrane proteins.we identify a novel pka phosphorylation site, serine 10, in the n terminus of merlin. s10a reduces the amount of cellular f-actin and merlin s10d stabilizes f-actin filaments." SIGNOR-159844 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP 9606 12493754 t gcesareni "Plk1 overexpression enhances phosphorylation of chk2 at thr-68." SIGNOR-96637 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17529994 t amattioni "The axin dix domain has a novel structural fold largely composed of beta-strands that engage in head-to-tail self-interaction to form filaments in the crystal" SIGNOR-155218 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr182 TDDEMTGyVATRWYR 9606 8622669 t gcesareni "Dually phosphorylated on thr-180 and tyr-182 by the map2ks map2k3/mkk3, map2k4/mkk4 and map2k6/mkk6 in response to inflammatory citokines, environmental stress or growth factors, which activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-40497 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT PACS2 protein Q86VP3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 24633224 t miannu "Under basal conditions, PACS-2 underwent K48-linked poly-ubiquitination, resulting in PACS-2 proteasomal degradation. Biochemical assays showed cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 interacted with PACS-2 in vitro and co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the two cIAPs bound PACS-2 in vivo. More importantly, both cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 directly mediated PACS-2 ubiquitination in a cell-free assay." SIGNOR-272852 MRPS33 protein Q9Y291 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261444 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser23 PAPIRRRsSNYRAYA -1 11121119 t lperfetto "In addition to the established phosphorylation sites (S22 and S23) we found that S38 and S165 were the other two main sites of phosphorylation. | Phosphorylation of S22/23A also decreased its affinity for troponin C indicating that phosphorylation of S38 and/or S165 impedes binding of troponin I to troponin C. Formation of a troponin I/troponin C complex prior to cAMP-dependent protein kinase treatment did not prevent overphosphorylation." SIGNOR-249066 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257642 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21261500 f miannu "STAT5 binds directly to the promoter region and potently mediates repression of MEF2C, probably via HDAC recruitment." SIGNOR-254207 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 10734133 t flangone "Finally, we have tested the set of ptps for their ability to dephosphorylate a phosphopeptide corresponding to the irk autophosphorylation site. tc-ptp, sap-1, and ptp-1b all tested positive, but ptp-? Showed no activity, although the same gst-ptp preparation could efficiently convert pnpp (tablei). Interestingly, many other ptps showed activity, namely dep-1, glepp-1, lar, ptp-?, -?, -?, And shp-1." SIGNOR-75910 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser25 QAFELILsPRSKESV 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 8125092 t gcesareni "Serine 25 of oncoprotein 18 is a major cytosolic target for the mitogen-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-36362 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr607 NENTEDQySLVEDDE 9534 8385099 t "The alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated at tyrosines 368, 580, and 607 by the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-251322 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser226 PKPGVTPsKSTSASA 9606 BTO:0000938 32599005 t lperfetto "Our laboratory has also demonstrated that FGF14 is a key accessory protein that binds to the intracellular Nav1.6 C-terminal tail, and that GSK3β can phosphorylate FGF14 both in vitro and in vivo at S226 [20] in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease" SIGNOR-275746 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC15 protein Q99877 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265392 FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11717445 t amattioni "Fadd recruits caspase-8 through homotypic interactions of death-effector domains (deds), leading to caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. In turn, fadd recruits the zymogen form of the apoptosis-initiating protease caspase-8, through homophilic interaction of death effector domains." SIGNOR-112061 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1665 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273041 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser189 DEEFREPsTGKTCLP 9606 19661060 t Manara "We conclude that the serine/threonine kinases PKC and PKA enhance activation of the TRPV4 ion channel by phosphorylation at specific sites and that phosphorylation depends on assembly of PKC and PKA by AKAP79 into a signaling complex with TRPV4." SIGNOR-260883 AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671;BTO:0000763 SIGNOR-C110 10911903 t gcesareni "It has been found that a multiprotein complex assembled by the cytoplasmic component conductin induces degradation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin. The complex includes apc, the serine/threonine kinase gsk3 beta, and beta-catenin, which bind to conductin at distinct domains." SIGNOR-79950 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT NADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58349 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15507492 t miannu "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-268087 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251630 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16705159 t "16705160:the phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser523 inhibits Jak2 activity and represents a novel mechanism for the regulation of Jak2-dependent cytokine signaling." lperfetto "We hypothesize that phosphorylation of ser523 in jak2 by erks 1 and/or 2 or other as-yet-unidentified kinases acts in a negative feedback manner" SIGNOR-270046 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001248 20682797 f miannu "Here, we show the histone demethylase JMJD2B is regulated by both ERalpha and HIF-1alpha, drives breast cancer cell proliferation in normoxia and hypoxia, and epigenetically regulates the expression of cell cycle genes such as CCND1, CCNA1, and WEE1. these data indicate that JMJD2B is a bona fide target of ERα and its expression in ER-positive breast cancer cells is mainly dependent on ERα." SIGNOR-263737 "Succinyl-CoA GTP variant" complex SIGNOR-C399 SIGNOR succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27487822 t miannu "In the citric acid cycle, succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only step that provides substrate-level phosphorylation: succinyl-CoA + NDP + Pi = succinate + CoA + NTP, where N is adenosine or guanosine and the reaction requires magnesium ions." SIGNOR-266268 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Pip3 acts in turn as a docking site for two kinases, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and AKT, and the subsequent phosphorylation of AKT at serine 308 by PDK1, leading to AKT activation." SIGNOR-175253 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT DNMT1/DNMT3A complex SIGNOR-C42 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12145218 t miannu "We show that the human de novo enzymes hdnmt3a and hdnmt3b form complexes with the major maintenance enzyme hdnmt1 /in vivo co-expression of hdnmt1 and hdnmt3a or hdnmt3b leads to methylation spreading in the genome, suggesting co-operation between de novo and maintenance enzymes during dna methylation" SIGNOR-90842 ZBED1 protein O96006 UNIPROT RPS12 protein P25398 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 17220279 t Luana "HDRE-like sequences act as positive regulatory elements for RP gene promoter activities in vivo. | Cotransfection of a plasmid expressing hDREF increased luciferase expression directed by each RP gene promoter more than 30% compared with the values obtained without the hDREF-expressing plasmid." SIGNOR-266084 NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18378410 f miannu "Positive regulation of promoter activity of human 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) gene is mediated by transcription factors Sp1 and NF-Y." SIGNOR-255209 SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR KLF16 protein Q9BXK1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr10 AAVACVDyFAADVLM 22203677 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of KLF16 was confirmed by in vivo (32)P incorporation and controlled by a Y10F site-directed mutant. Inhibition of Src-type tyrosine kinase signaling as well as the nonphosphorylatable Y10F mutation disrupted KLF16-mediated gene silencing, demonstrating that its function is regulatable rather than constitutive." SIGNOR-275586 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr23 EMRERLGtGGFGNVC 9606 SIGNOR-C14 19609947 t gcesareni "Although there are likely to be multiple levels of crosstalk between the pi3k-akt and nf-kb pathways, one mechanism has been attributed to direct phosphorylation of the amino acid residue t23 on ikb kinase alfa (ikkalfa) by akt, thereby leading to activation of this kinase upstream of nf-kb akt mediates ikkalpha phosphorylation at threonine 23 akt transiently associates in vivo with ikk and induces ikk activation. Akt mediates ikkalfa phosphorylation at threonine 23.Akt phosphorylates ikkalpha on t23, and this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of p65 at s534 by ikkalpha and beta" SIGNOR-187010 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1644 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273042 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser16 PGWEKRMsRSSGRVY 9606 11723108 t llicata "Pka and pkc readily phosphorylated pin1 and its ww domain in summary, we have demonstrated that phosphorylation of the pin1 ww domain on ser16 regulates its ability to function as a pser/thr-binding module. |To examine the importance of Ser16 of Pin1, it was mutated to Glu to mimic pSer, and the mutant Pin1S16E failed to bind mitotic phosphoproteins" SIGNOR-112164 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT ALDH1A2 protein O94788 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 29076503 t lperfetto "Hyperactivity of E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase UBE3A, stemming from 15q11-q13 copy number variations, accounts for 1%-3% of ASD cases worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Here we report that the functionality of ALDH1A2, the rate-limiting enzyme of retinoic acid (RA) synthesis, is negatively regulated by UBE3A in a ubiquitylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-265135 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT ENG protein P17813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002741 21146604 f miannu "In hepatic stellate cells, TGF-β1 upregulates endoglin expression most likely via the ALK5 pathway and requires the SP1 transcription factor." SIGNOR-255202 CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 9606 21918180 t gcesareni "Ampka1 activators increased phosphorylation level and cytoplasmic localization (reduced nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio). Ampka1 activators reduced rna synthesis in the nucleoli." SIGNOR-176602 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RBM39 protein Q14498 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr99 RGRYRSPySGPKFNS 9606 BTO:0000007 27018250 t miannu "In this paper, we report that RBM39 interacts with the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. Both the Src homology (SH) 2 and SH3 domains of c-Abl interact with RBM39. The major tyrosine phosphorylation sites on RBM39 that are phosphorylated by c-Abl are Y95 and Y99, as demonstrated by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and mutational analysis. c-Abl was shown boost the transcriptional coactivation activity of RBM39 for ERα and PRβ in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner." SIGNOR-262610 mir-133a1 mirna URS00005EB596_9606 RNAcentral IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 17996649 f miannu "Here, we show that miR-223 is a direct transcriptional target of AML1/ETO. By recruiting chromatin remodeling enzymes at an AML1-binding site on the pre-miR-223 gene, AML1/ETO induces heterochromatic silencing of miR-223. Ectopic miR-223 expression, RNAi against AML1/ETO, or demethylating treatment enhances miR-223 levels and restores cell differentiation." SIGNOR-261973 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT LIG4 protein P49917 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr650 HLKAPNLtNVNKISN 9606 15194694 t lperfetto "Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified a dna-pk phosphorylation site at thr-650 in human lig4 and a potential second phosphorylation site at ser-668 or ser-672. Phosphorylation of lig4 per se was not required for lig4 dna end joining activity. Substitution of these amino acids with alanine, individually or in combination, led to changes in lig4 protein stability of mouse lig4. The phosphomimetic mutation s650d returned lig4 stability to that of the wild-type protein. Furthermore dna-pk was found to negatively regulate lig4 protein stability." SIGNOR-125877 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 8702756 t miannu "Here we found that Rho-kinase stoichiometrically phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC). Peptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analyses revealed that the primary phosphorylation site of MLC by Rho-kinase was Ser-19, which is the site phosphorylated by MLC kinase. Rho-kinase phosphorylated recombinant MLC, whereas it failed to phosphorylate recombinant MLC, which contained Ala substituted for both Thr-18 and Ser-19. We also found that the phosphorylation of MLC by Rho-kinase resulted in the facilitation of the actin activation of myosin ATPase." SIGNOR-261709 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr180 DTMAKRNtVIGTPFW 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "Rassf1a apparently protects mst1/2 against inactivation by pp2a, the phosphatases that dephosphorylate the stimulatory thr-183 and thr-180 of mst1 andmst2, respectively." SIGNOR-201266 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT TBXAS1 protein P24557 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14586398 f miannu "We demonstrate that p53 and ets-1 coregulate TXSA in an antagonistic and inter-related manner, with ets-1 being a potent transcriptional activator and p53 inhibiting ets-1-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-254088 NAD(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57540 ChEBI NADH smallmolecule CHEBI:16908 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the Œ±2Œ≤Œ≥ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into Œ±-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-268113 CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257291 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 29967380 t miannu "Modeling ASXL1 mutation revealed impaired hematopoiesis caused by derepression of p16Ink4a through aberrant PRC1-mediated histone modification. These results indicated that loss of protein interaction between Asxl1 mutant and Bmi1 affected the activity of PRC1, and subsequent derepression of p16Ink4a by aberrant histone ubiquitination could induce cellular senescence, resulting in low-risk MDS-like phenotypes in Asxl1G643fs/+ mice." SIGNOR-260119 staurosporine chemical CHEBI:15738 ChEBI PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258286 RBBP4 protein Q09028 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263849 GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10696571 t "GPCRs transduce their signal via G-protein heterotrimers (αβγ) that dissociate in free Gα-subunit protein and Gβγ-subunit protein complexes following ligand stimulation; the activated receptor induces a conformational change in the associated G protein α-subunit leading to release of GDP followed by binding of GTP and α-subunit dissociation from the receptor." SIGNOR-251102 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165 BTO:0001760 SIGNOR-C8 11160896 t lperfetto "Our studies indicate that smad2 and 4 (smad2/4) complexes cooperate with mef2 regulatory proteins in a gal4-based one-hybrid reporter gene assay." SIGNOR-235846 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000944 11884591 t gcesareni "Here we show that the Forkheads AFX (FOXO4) and FKHR-L1 (FOXO3a) also directly control transcription of the retinoblastoma-like p130 protein and cause upregulation of p130 protein expression." SIGNOR-252934 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser346 RAPSRKDsLESDSST 9606 21317289 t gcesareni "We report that Sufu is phosphorylated at Ser-342 and Ser-346 by GSK3? and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), respectively, and phosphorylation at this dual site stabilizes Sufu against Shh signaling-induced degradation" SIGNOR-200496 AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT CYP1B1 protein Q16678 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 16115918 f miannu "Expressions of CYP1B1 mRNA and protein were increased in prostate cancer. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) heterodimer complex activates gene transcription by binding to the DREs of CYP1B1." SIGNOR-253733 ASTN2 protein O75129 UNIPROT ASTN1 protein O14525 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20573900 t miannu "Biochemical and flow cytometry experiments show that ASTN2 forms a complex with ASTN1 and regulates surface expression of ASTN1. Coexpression with ASTN2 reduces the cell surface localization of ASTN1." SIGNOR-269813 FFAR2 protein O15552 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256946 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17396146 f lperfetto "These findings indicate that TAO kinases are regulators of p38-mediated responses to DNA damage and are intermediates in the activation of p38 by ATM." SIGNOR-226599 NUP42 protein O15504 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262097 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16517405 t "We found that HIF-1 also actively suppresses metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) by directly trans-activating the gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). PDK1 inactivates the TCA cycle enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA." SIGNOR-267480 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9405416 t "Inactive c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)." gcesareni "C-jun is targeted for ubiquitination by its association with inactive c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk).Phosphorylation By activated jnk protects c-jun from ubiquitination." SIGNOR-53791 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NABP2 protein Q9BQ15 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr117 EPNPEYStQQAPNKA 10090 BTO:0002245 18449195 t miannu "Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase phosphorylates hSSB1 in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). This phosphorylation event is required for DNA damage-induced stabilization of hSSB1." SIGNOR-262639 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser392 ERLRLSPsPTSQRSR 9606 18815303 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by mitotic cdc2 kinase at ser-22, ser-390, and ser-392 residues on lamin a/c, or by protein kinase c (pkc) during apoptosis, leads to the depolymerization of lamin (disassembly of the nuclear lamina), which may lead to their release from the inm" SIGNOR-181318 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT LMTK2 protein Q8IWU2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12832520 t gcesareni "Cprk displays catalytic activity in in vitro kinase assays and is itself phosphorylated by cdk5/p35. Cdk5/p35 inhibits cprk activity." SIGNOR-102717 3-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)-4-[1-[1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-indolyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione chemical CHEBI:91368 ChEBI PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258211 nalbuphine chemical CHEBI:7454 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258658 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 24212772 t "GRB2 recruit indirectly through PTB domain-mediated binding of the Shc adaptor" gcesareni "Several tyrosine-based motifs recruit a number of signal transducers to the phosphorylated form of erbb1 such as the adaptor proteins growth-factor-receptor bound-2 (grb2) and src-homology-2-containing (shc)." SIGNOR-55861 "Exon junction complex" complex SIGNOR-C369 SIGNOR mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11532962 f lperfetto "The exon–exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay" SIGNOR-268313 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr375 GRGARGGtRGGRGRI 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249252 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT IL12A protein P29459 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 19029990 f lperfetto "STAT1 binds as a homodimer to cis elements known as gammaactivated sequences in the promoters of the genes encoding NOS2, the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) and IL-12, among others." SIGNOR-249499 Amyloid_fibril_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH59 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000590 11578751 f lperfetto "Alzheimer's disease, the cause of one of the most common types of dementia, is a brain disorder affecting the elderly and is characterized by the formation of two main protein aggregates: senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are involved in the process leading to progressive neuronal degeneration and death" SIGNOR-251640 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR GSTA4 protein O15217 UNIPROT up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 12646569 f lperfetto "We have also provided evidence that the mitochondrial GSTA4-4 level markedly increases in COS cells under oxidative stress conditions, suggesting its critical role in maintaining the GSH homeostasis under conditions of chemical and oxidative stress" SIGNOR-264797 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7566092 t "Here we show that activated forms of mNotch associate with the human analogue of Su(H), KBF2/RBP-Jk and act as transcriptional activators through the KBF2-binding sites of the HES-1 promoter." SIGNOR-254381 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259037 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1735 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273043 "L-serine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:33384 ChEBI "L-cystathionine dizwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58161 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 23981774 t lperfetto "Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of homocysteine with serine to generate cystathionine." SIGNOR-275827 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT HOXA7 protein P31268 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 26847029 f irozzo "Importantly, our results showed that BCOR is a repressor of HoxA cluster of genes (HoxA5, HoxA7 and HoxA9) in myeloid cells. Knock-down of HoxA5, HoxA7 and HoxA9 significantly decreased the clonogenic growth of Bcor mutant and wild type cells, demonstrating the Hox genes, as targets of BCOR, played an important role in mediating BCOR’s function in regulating myeloid cell proliferation." SIGNOR-256013 CEP41 protein Q9BYV8 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31885126 t miannu "We performed these assays in HEK 293T cells and observed CEP41 binds HIF1α under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Of note, we found hypoxia induces more expression of HIF1α and increases its binding to CEP41 (Fig 8B and C). Hence, these results suggest CEP41 modulates the activation of HIF1α via a physical interaction" SIGNOR-269662 STXBP2 protein Q15833 UNIPROT STX11 protein O75558 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 28265073 t lperfetto "Strikingly, addition of Munc18-2 substantially and selectively facilitates complete fusion mediated by lipid-anchored STX11 by promoting and stabilizing the assembly of SNARE complexes." SIGNOR-261898 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22944199 t amattioni "When canonical wnts bind to their respective fzd receptors, heterotrimeric g-proteins and dsh get activated and lead to the recruitment of axin to the fzd co-receptor lrp." SIGNOR-134288 "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR SIGLEC7 protein Q9Y286 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001516 17138568 t miannu "SOCS proteins can act as E3 ligases by forming a complex with Elongin B/C and Cul5/Rbx1/2.SOCS3 targets Siglec 7 for degradation" SIGNOR-272644 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29736013 t miannu "Our findings reveal a dual role for UTX in suppressing acute myeloid leukaemia via repression of oncogenic ETS and upregulation of tumor suppressive GATA programs. several ETS transcription factors, including Elf4, Etv6, Erg, Fli1, Ets2, Spi1 and Elk3 were upregulated immediately after Utx loss in the preleukaemic phase" SIGNOR-260036 ITSN1 protein Q15811 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 24789820 t lperfetto "Early recruitment of FCHo1/2, Eps15, epsin, and intersectin to the rims of assembling coated pits is essential for their stability and further growth" SIGNOR-260714 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr182 TDDEMTGyVATRWYR 9606 17548358 t gcesareni "Dually phosphorylated on thr-180 and tyr-182 by the map2ks map2k3/mkk3, map2k4/mkk4 and map2k6/mkk6 in response to inflammatory citokines, environmental stress or growth factors, which activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-155381 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT VAV2 protein P52735 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr159 HDLGEDIyDCVPCED 9606 12454019 t miannu "To understand the mechanism of egf-dependent vav2 activation, we examined first the egf-dependent phosphorylation sites on vav2 and the nature of interaction of vav2 with the activated egf receptor. Based on our in vitro and in vivo data all three tyrosine residues (142, 159, and 172) in the n-terminal domain of vav2 can be phosphorylated by the egf receptor." SIGNOR-95976 N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide chemical CHEBI:63082 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Thus, overall, salmeterol is a highly selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist because of its higher β2-affinity and not because of higher β2-intrinsic efficacy. A similar reasoning can be applied to formoterol, although this agonist has higher intrinsic efficacy at all three receptors (rank 6, 8 and 5 at β1, β2 and β3)." SIGNOR-257854 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MASTL protein Q96GX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr194 NMMDILTtPSMAKPR 8355 22354989 t gcesareni "We propose a model in which the initiating event for Gwl activation is phosphorylation by MPF of the proline-directed sites T193 and T206 in the presumptive activation loop" SIGNOR-243414 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Thr24 LPRPRSCtWPLPRPE -1 BTO:0000318 10377430 t lperfetto "Here we show that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase by extracellular growth factors induces phosphorylation, nuclear export, and transcriptional inactivation of FKHR1, a member of the FKHR subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a key mediator of PI3 kinase signal transduction, phosphorylated recombinant FKHR1 in vitro at threonine-24 and serine-253. Mutants FKHR1(T24A), FKHR1(S253A), and FKHR1(T24A/S253A) were resistant to both PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation and PI3 kinase-stimulated nuclear export." SIGNOR-252857 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr798 VSRNAAEyLLSSGIN 9606 16912036 t Manara "Src family kinases phosphorylate the Bcr-Abl SH3-SH2 region and modulate Bcr-Abl transforming activity. | Tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH3-SH2 region is essential for full Bcr-Abl biological activity." SIGNOR-260812 HNF4G protein Q14541 UNIPROT HAS2 protein Q92819 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003723 23896584 t Luana "Transcription was activated by HNF4G in reporter assays using the promoter/enhancer region of the HAS2 gene. The endogenous expression of the HAS2 gene was suppressed by knockdown of HNF4G." SIGNOR-261626 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates 10116 11149923 f gcesareni "Wnt-1 signaling inhibited the cytochrome c release and the subsequent caspase-9 activation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, including both vincristine and vinblastine. Furthermore, we found that wnt-1-mediated cell survival was dependent on the activation of beta-catenin/t cell factor (tcf) transcription" SIGNOR-85760 CHAF1A protein Q13111 UNIPROT MGMT protein P16455 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 15657354 f miannu "Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of methyl-CpG binding domain containing proteins detected a greater amount of MeCP2, MBD1, and CAF-1 bound to the MGMT promoter in MGMT-silenced cells. Our findings implicate specific MBD proteins in methylation-mediated transcriptional silencing of MGMT." SIGNOR-254569 PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266534 HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 15862299 t llicata "MEF2C DNA-binding activity is inhibited through its interaction with the regulatory protein Ki-1/57." SIGNOR-238283 MMP16 protein P51512 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272384 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser74 TPHLPPCsPPKQGKK 9606 SIGNOR-C83 10339564 t lperfetto "Hscdc6 is an excellent substrate for cdk2 in vitro and is phosphorylated in vivo at three sites (ser-54, ser-74, and ser-106)|An HsCdc6A1A2A3 mutant, which mimics unphosphorylated HsCdc6, is exclusively nuclear, and its expression inhibits initiation of DNA replication. An HsCdc6E1E2E3 mutant, which mimics phosphorylated HsCdc6, is exclusively cytoplasmic and is not associated with the chromatin/nuclear matrix fraction." SIGNOR-67548 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser27 HMAEVNASPLKHFVT 9606 BTO:0001938 22748923 t Barakat "We demonstrate that a critical component of the mitochondrial fusion apparatus, the mitofusin Mfn2, is a target for phosphorylation in response to a variety of cellular stresses. We provide direct evidence that JNK mediates this phosphorylation." SIGNOR-274138 ZBTB32 protein Q9Y2Y4 UNIPROT ZBTB16/ZBTB32 complex SIGNOR-C80 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10572087 t miannu "We show that fazf is a transcriptional repressor and it readily forms heterodimers with plzf." SIGNOR-72380 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21524151 f miannu "In its hypophosphorylated state, pRb binds transcription factors of the E2F family which are required for cell cycle progression. As the level of CyclinD/Cdk4/6 complexes increases, pRb becomes phosphorylated and progression through G1 occurs. At a critical level of phosphorylation, E2F is released from pRb. This activates the transcription of CyclinE which complexes with Cdk2 to fully release pRb repression by further phosphorylation, establishing a positive feedback loop. E2F further promotes the transcription of S-phase genes. Thus, CyclinD/Cdk4/6 and CyclinE/Cdk2 together regulate S-phase entry via phosphorylating pRb, which controls pRb binding to E2F" SIGNOR-262532 PAICS protein P22234 UNIPROT 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazol-3-ium smallmolecule CHEBI:137981 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The next two reactions (steps 6 and 7) involve carb oxylation of AIR to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonu cleotide (CAIR) and ligation of the carboxy group of CAIR with an amide group derived from Asp in an ATP dependent reaction forming 4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)- 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR). These reac tions are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS)." SIGNOR-267317 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser31 EILGRGVsSVVRRCI -1 7935360 t miannu "Phosphopeptides correspond to sequences occurring in the gamma-subunit of phosphorylase kinase […] undergoes autophosphorylation. phosphorylation occurs primarily at Ser30 while in the latter an additional reaction takes place at Ser81." SIGNOR-250388 FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 16418530 f lperfetto "In response to agonist stimulation, the αIIbβ3 integrin on platelets is converted to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation." SIGNOR-253373 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18641051 f lperfetto "Taken together, our findings suggest that c-Jun, a transcription factor downstream of the JNK signaling pathway, up-regulates Adapt78 expression in response to TG-induced ER stress and contributes to protection against TG-induced cell death." SIGNOR-253148 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001103 19319192 t gcesareni "Here we present evidence that mafbx targets myod for degradation in several models of skeletal muscle atrophy." SIGNOR-184861 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 21071439 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-270150 YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17822788 f miannu "YB-1 binds to the MMP-13 promoter sequence and represses MMP-13 transactivation via the AP-1 site." SIGNOR-255615 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT MYL12B protein O14950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 1178183 t gcesareni "Hzipk phosphorylated the regulatory light chain of myosin ii (mrlc) at both ser19 and thr18 in vitro. Phosphorylation of mrlc is required to generate the driving force in the migration of the cells but not necessary for localization of myosin ii at the leading edge." SIGNOR-16047 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr218 GDGSDHPyYNSIPSK -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273910 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr283 RQGSSDIySTPEGKL -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273911 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr219 DGSDHPYyNSIPSKM -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273912 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr218 GDGSDHPyYNSIPSK -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273913 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr283 RQGSSDIySTPEGKL -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273914 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr219 DGSDHPYyNSIPSKM -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273915 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1623 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248816 SH3GLB2 protein Q9NR46 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25517094 f miannu "Endocytosis is required for internalization of micronutrients and turnover of membrane components. Endophilin has been assigned as a component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-263887 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr218 GDGSDHPyYNSIPSK -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273916 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr283 RQGSSDIySTPEGKL -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273917 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr219 DGSDHPYyNSIPSKM -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273918 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr218 GDGSDHPyYNSIPSK -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273919 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr283 RQGSSDIySTPEGKL -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273920 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12359725 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in stimulating cyclin d1 expression and nuclear translocation of cdk2, erk regulates thr-160 phosphorylation of cdk2-cyclin e." SIGNOR-217499 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr219 DGSDHPYyNSIPSKM -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273921 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr301 PTGEAPTyVNTQQIP -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273922 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr301 PTGEAPTyVNTQQIP -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273923 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr301 PTGEAPTyVNTQQIP -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273924 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr301 PTGEAPTyVNTQQIP -1 11791173 t done miannu "We also obtained tryptic phosphopeptide maps of N-Shc protein phosphorylated in vitro by other tyrosine kinases, TrkB, v-Src and EGFR. The overall patterns of the phosphopeptide maps generated by these tyrosine kinases were similar, although there were some differences among these maps (Figure 4a–d).We performed phosphopeptide mapping analysis using GST-fused N-Shc protein, and found that N-Shc phosphorylated by TrkA in vitro was resolved into at least seven phosphopeptides (Y1 through Y7, Figure 4a). Phosphopeptide mapping revealed that N-Shc has novel tyrosine-phosphorylation sites at Y259/Y260 and Y286; in vivo-phosphorylation of these tyrosines was demonstrated by site-specific anti-pTyr antibodies. Phosphorylated Y286 bound to several proteins, of which one was Crk. The pY221/pY222 site, corresponding to one of the Grb2-binding sites of Shc, also preferentially bound to Crk. The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between N-Shc and Crk was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-273925 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT SH3BP2 protein P78314 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16649996 t gcesareni "Shp-1 dephosphorylates 3bp2 and potentially downregulates 3bp2-mediated t cell antigen receptor signaling" SIGNOR-146508 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15897469 t miannu "Here, we describe an E3 ubiquitin ligase consisting of SPOP and CULLIN3 that is able to ubiquitinate the PcG protein BMI1 and the variant histone MACROH2A1. To investigate whether BMI1 can form a complex with SPOP and CULLIN3 in vivo, we reconstituted the complex in 293HEK cells. We find that BMI1 readily immunoprecipitates both hemagglutinin (HA)-SPOP and CULLIN3, and, conversely, CULLIN3 immunoprecipitates BMI1 (Fig. 2a). Complex formation depends on the presence of SPOP, in accordance with BMI1 binding to the MATH domain of SPOP (Fig. 1b) and previously published data showing SPOP–CULLIN interaction by means of the BTB/POZ domain of SPOP (30)." SIGNOR-272658 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser82 RKMKDTDsEEEIREA -1 26675311 t miannu "Phosphorylation of CaM at four sites by CK2 was found to follow a sequential order, with Ser81 as the first, Thr79 as the second, and Ser101 or Thr117 as the third. We found that in the complex between CaM and CaMKII, residue E115 of CaM is strongly interacting with K299 of the kinase through forming a salt-bridge (PDB entry 1WEL), it is quite likely that the phosphorylation induced structural change can disrupt this interaction and negatively affect the binding between the two proteins" SIGNOR-266353 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM64B protein A6NI03 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271271 NTF4 protein P34130 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11114882 t gcesareni "Ngf is the preferred ligand for trka, bdnf and nt4/5 are preferred for trkb, and nt3 for trkc (barbacid 1994). These specificities are not absolute, and nt3 is also a ligand for trka and trkb." SIGNOR-85117 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1054 FGLARDIyKDPDYVR 9606 18936167 t gcesareni "The autoactivation residues y1054 and y1059 are targeted by dep-1 and this results in the inhibition of kinase activity and the consequent general dephosphorylation of vegfr2." SIGNOR-181672 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu86 ENTERTTeFWKQYVD 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263696 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001412 18025157 t "We show that the ID1 and ID2 promoters are activated by PML-RARalpha but, unexpectedly, not by wild-type RARalpha/RXR. Our data support a model in which the PML-RARalpha fusion protein regulates a novel class of target genes by interaction with the Sp1 and NF-Y transcription factors, without directly binding to the DNA, defining a gain-of-function for the oncoprotein." SIGNOR-255749 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT ACTN4 protein O43707 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr31 GGGSMGDyMAQEDDW 9606 23454549 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at y12 by fak reduces _-actinin1's affinity for actin [25] and [27]. _-actinin4 is phosphorylated at y4, y31, and y265. Phosphorylation at y4 or y31 decreases its binding to actin [28] while phosphorylation of y265 increases its affinity for actin" SIGNOR-192195 propan-2-ol smallmolecule CHEBI:17824 ChEBI TLCD3B protein Q71RH2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000140 30010626 t lperfetto "Optimal bone fracture repair requires 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its effector molecule FAM57B2" SIGNOR-270575 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17891139 f miannu "We identify the major poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated sites of p53 by PARP-1 and find that PARP-1-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation blocks the interaction between p53 and the nuclear export receptor Crm1, resulting in nuclear accumulation of p53. These findings molecularly link PARP-1 and p53 in the DNA-damage response, providing the mechanism for how p53 accumulates in the nucleus in response to DNA damage.|PARP-1 is super-activated by binding to damaged DNA, and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates p53. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation probably induces a structural change that mask the NES, and thus Crm1 can no longer target p53 to the nuclear export machinery, resulting in accumulation of p53 in the nucleus." SIGNOR-260065 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CHGA protein P10645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12456801 t "Recently, binding of specific protein 1 (Sp1) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) to a GC-rich element at -92/-62 has been identified as a critical step in gastrin-dependent regulation of the chromogranin A (CgA) gene in gastric epithelial cells. Here we demonstrate that binding of early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) to the distal part of the -92/-62 site is also required for gastrin-dependent CgA transactivation." SIGNOR-254273 "CID 132010322" chemical CID:132010322 PUBCHEM BRD3 protein Q15059 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 31969702 t Luana "ABBV-744 potently inhibited the BD2 domain of BET family proteins with more than 290× selectivity relative to the BD1 domains of BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4" SIGNOR-261104 Pac-1 chemical CID:135421197 PUBCHEM CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 16936720 t lperfetto "Here we report the identification of a small molecule (PAC-1) that directly activates procaspase-3 to caspase-3 in vitro and induces apoptosis in cancerous cells isolated from primary colon tumors in a manner directly proportional to the concentration of procaspase-3 inside these cells. W" SIGNOR-262016 4-[4-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-N-[4-[[(2R)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(phenylthio)butan-2-yl]amino]-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]sulfonylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:94128 ChEBI BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 23336025 t gcesareni "Bcl-2 inhibitors physically antagonize their anti-apoptotic actions to create a synergistic effect. Numerous compounds have been specifically developed or identified as bcl-2 inhibitors. These compounds include abt-737 and abt-263, obatoclax, gossypol." SIGNOR-200460 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C89 22863532 t miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198626 MIB2 protein Q96AX9 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination Lys634 KVYQMLQkWVMREGI 9606 BTO:0000815 29642005 t miannu "Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind Bomb-2 (MIB2) regulates TNF-induced cell death by inactivating RIPK1 via inhibitory ubiquitylation.  We find that MIB2 represses the cytotoxic potential of RIPK1 by ubiquitylating lysine residues in the C-terminal portion of RIPK1. Our data suggest that ubiquitin conjugation of RIPK1 interferes with RIPK1 oligomerization and RIPK1-FADD association. MIB2 Ubiquitylates RIPK1 at Lysines K377 and K634" SIGNOR-272663 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 23994464 f apalma "The PI3Kγ pathway (but not PLCβ2/3) is required for chemotaxis of the cells while both pathways are required for GPCR-induced superoxide release" SIGNOR-255011 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser234 YRLTRFLsRVIKCDP -1 8058338 t miannu "PKA phosphorylates three distinct serine residues in cyclin D1 at positions 90, 197 and 234." SIGNOR-250346 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ARHGDIA protein P52565 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser174 KGMLARGsYSIKSRF 9606 15225553 t lperfetto "Pak1 binds and phosphorylates rhogdi both in vitro and in vivo at ser101 and ser174. This resulted in dissociation of rac1-rhogdi, but not rhoa-rhogdi, complexes, as determined by in vitro assays of complexation and in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation analysis. We observed that cdc42-induced rac1 activation is inhibited by expression of pak1 autoinhibitory domain. The dissociation of rac1 from rhogdi and its subsequent activation stimulated by pdgf or egf is also attenuated by pak1 autoinhibitory domain, and this is dependent on the ability of rhogdi to be phosphorylated at ser101/174." SIGNOR-126654 TJP2 protein Q9UDY2 UNIPROT ARVCF protein O00192 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9615 15456900 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "We identified ARVCF as a binding partner of ZO-1 and ZO-2 and characterized the role of PDZ-domain proteins in plasma membrane and nuclear localization of ARVCF. ZO-2, in contrast, relocated to the nucleus with ARVCF, and, given the interaction between the ZO-2 PDZ domains and ARVCF, raised the possibility that ZO-2 may play a role in nuclear localization of ARVCF. Such a role for ZO-2 is indeed supported by the ability of the ZO-2 PDZ domain to efficiently relocate ARVCF from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in a process that required the ability of the two proteins to interact and the presence of a functional NLS in the ZO-2 PDZ domains. Thus, ZO-2 could be involved in nuclear translocation and/or retention of ARVCF and play a role in regulating postulated functions of ARVCF in gene expression" SIGNOR-252122 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1074 QRGSSGHtPPPSGPP 9606 26190112 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This in turn leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency." SIGNOR-259862 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT IL1RN protein P18510 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000876 20032313 f miannu "The interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an important negative regulator of the inflammatory response, whose genetic deficiency has been recently shown to cause a severe autoinflammatory syndrome in humans. In this study we characterized the molecular mechanisms whereby interleukin 10 (IL-10) potentiates IL-1ra transcription in LPS-stimulated monocytes and neutrophils. our findings uncover a novel mechanism whereby IL-10-activated STAT3 modulates IL-1ra transcription in LPS-treated phagocytes by making IL-1ra promoter accessible to readily available nuclear NF-kappaB." SIGNOR-254795 TAF13 protein Q15543 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263923 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1672 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273046 AAK1 protein Q2M2I8 UNIPROT AP1M1 protein Q9BXS5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr144 QEGHKLEtGAPRPPA 9606 BTO:0000938 11877461 t lperfetto "Aak1 is enriched at presynaptic terminals, whereas in nonneuronal cells it colocalizes with clathrin and ap2 in clathrin-coated pits and at the leading edge of migrating cells. Aak1 specifically phosphorylates the mu subunit in vitro, and stage-specific assays for endocytosis show that mu phosphorylation by aak1 results in a decrease in ap2-stimulated transferrin internalization. Together, these results provide strong evidence that aak1 is the endogenous mu 2 kinase and plays a regulatory role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-115589 TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17392790 t lys63 miannu "The carboxy-terminal SPRY domain of TRIM25 interacts with the N-terminal CARDs of RIG-I; this interaction effectively delivers the Lys 63-linked ubiquitin moiety to the N-terminal CARDs of RIG-I, resulting in a marked increase in RIG-I downstream signalling activity.  Thus, we demonstrate that TRIM25 E3 ubiquitin ligase induces the Lys 63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I, which is crucial for the cytosolic RIG-I signalling pathway to elicit host antiviral innate immunity." SIGNOR-271645 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT TTYH3 protein Q9C0H2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18577513 t miannu "Our data indicate that Nedd4-2 binds to two family members, TTYH2 and TTYH3, which contain consensus PY ((L/P)PXY) binding sites for HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligases, but not to TTYH1, which lacks this motif. Consistently, Nedd4-2 ubiquitinates both TTYH2 and TTYH3. Importantly, we have shown that endogenous TTYH2 and Nedd4-2 are binding partners and demonstrated that the TTYH2 PY motif is essential for these interactions. We have also shown that Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination of TTYH2 is a critical regulator of cell surface and total cellular levels of this protein. " SIGNOR-272633 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1172 ISLDNPDyQQDFFPK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254700 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT "Histone H2B" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF68 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265375 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT APOC3 protein P02656 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255059 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17110930 t Barakat "Upon TNFα stimulation, MEKK1, ASK1, and TAK1 phosphorylate and activate MKK7, which in turn activates JNK" SIGNOR-274147 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser27 DRHLRSEsQRQRREI 9606 8429024 t lperfetto "Gz alpha variants containing selected substitutions of alanine for serine residues were expressed in human kidney 293 cells, and the ability of each to be phosphorylated in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was examined. A focus was placed on Ser25 and Ser27, the 2 serine residues within a sequence of Gz alpha used to obtain a phosphorylation-sensitive antibody. The results demonstrate that Ser27 is the primary site of phosphorylation. Conversion of Ser27 to an alanine resulted in a 65% decrease in incorporation of [32P] phosphate; conversion of Ser25 had no effect." SIGNOR-248932 LMTK2 protein Q8IWU2 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr320 NPGGRPItPPRNSAK 9606 12393858 t gcesareni "Kpi-2 kinase domain phosphorylated protein phosphatase-1 (pp1c) at thr(320), which attenuated pp1c activity." SIGNOR-94631 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000599 10187842 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We now demonstrate that amino acids 1-92 of hPPARalpha contain an activation function (AF)-1-like domain, which is further activated by insulin through a pathway involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 and p44. Further analysis of the amino-terminal region of PPARalpha revealed that the insulin-induced trans-activation occurs through the phosphorylation of two mitogen-activated protein kinase sites at positions 12 and 21, both of which are conserved across evolution." SIGNOR-270180 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM7 protein Q9C029 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271216 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser344 QDDDAPLsPMLYSSS 9606 18204439 t lperfetto "Here, we show that erk downregulates forkhead box o 3a (foxo3a) by directly interacting with and phosphorylating foxo3a at ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425, which consequently promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesisMDM2 is required for ERk-mediated FOXO3a degradation." SIGNOR-160411 AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0004578 17346243 t "AT(1) receptor (AngII type-1 receptor), a G-protein-coupled receptor, mediates most of the physiological and pathophysiological actions of AngII, and this receptor is predominantly expressed in cardiovascular cells, such as VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells)" SIGNOR-252293 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23754980 t gcesareni "Subsequent assays confirmed a direct interaction between the lrrk2 roccor domain and all three human dvl proteins, these data are consistent with a role for lrrk2 in the activation of canonical wnt signaling bringing dvl proteins to cellular membranes." SIGNOR-202187 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT DHODH protein Q02127 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003291 18628958 t miannu "PPAT, catalyzing the first step of purine synthesis, and DHODH, an enzyme generating uridine in the middle of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, were validated as direct c-MYC target genes by all criteria." SIGNOR-267382 ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257307 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT MCC complex SIGNOR-C382 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25092294 t miannu "The mitotic (or spindle assembly) checkpoint system delays anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. When the checkpoint is active, a Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) assembles and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). MCC is composed of the checkpoint proteins Mad2, BubR1, and Bub3 associated with the APC/C activator Cdc20." SIGNOR-265976 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr391 TTHIRTHtGEKPFAC 10090 BTO:0000944 8662759 t llicata "Casein kinase II associates with Egr-1 and acts as a negative modulator of its DNA binding and transcription activities in NIH 3T3 cells. | There are three CKII recognition sites (S376XXD, T389XE, and T516XXXD) in fragment 10." SIGNOR-250857 SL-327 chemical CHEBI:92211 ChEBI MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 11160424 t gcesareni "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity." SIGNOR-104933 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT METTL1 protein Q9UBP6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 YYRQRAHsNPMADHT 9606 3627513 t lperfetto "The trna methylase mettl1 is phosphorylated and inactivated by pkb and rsk in vitro and in cells" SIGNOR-24994 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258013 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser670 KMKNKPRsPVVELSK 9606 BTO:0000007 10574913 t gcesareni "Erk1 phosphorylates grk2 at ser(670). Inhibition of erk activity in hek293 cells potentiates grk2 activity, whereas, conversely, erk activation inhibits grk2 activity." SIGNOR-72582 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269613 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT AIFM1 protein O95831 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 23003569 t gcesareni "First, bax/bak-mediated momp leads to the release of a significant part of the cyt c, smac/diablo and htra2/omi proteins. in a third step, cyt c, smac/diablo and htra2/omi, which were released into the cytosol, trigger caspase activation. This is necessary to alter the physical association of aif and endog with the im to enable their relocation to the cytosol." SIGNOR-192092 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21976273 t miannu "Growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, is essential for cartilage, bone, and joint formation. Antagonists such as noggin counteract BMP signaling by covering the ligand's BMP type I (BMPRI) and type II (BMPRII, ActRII, ActRIIB) interaction sites. The mutation GDF5-S94N is located within the BMPRII interaction site, the so-called knuckle epitope, and was identified in patients suffering from multiple synostoses syndrome (SYNS)." SIGNOR-252420 CBS protein P35520 UNIPROT "L-homocysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58199 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23981774 t lperfetto "Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of homocysteine with serine to generate cystathionine." SIGNOR-275828 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 ITSAARRsYVSSGEM -1 7822264 t llicata "On the other hand, GFAP was phosphorylated to approximately 1.9 mol of phosphate/mol of GFAP by Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase II, and this phosphorylation did induce disassembly of the filament. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides revealed that only Ser8 on GFAP was phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase, whereas Ser13, Ser17, Ser34, and Ser389 on GFAP were phosphorylated by Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase II." SIGNOR-250626 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SFRP1 protein Q8N474 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 "BTO:0004896; BTO:0004300" 17485441 f gcesareni "c-Myc suppresses the Wnt inhibitors DKK1 and SFRP1, and derepression of DKK1 or SFRP1 reduces Myc-dependent transforming activity" SIGNOR-245360 FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22830020 f gcesareni "It was also shown that the fas active receptor induces rassf1a to compete with raf1 in binding to mst2, thus promoting the formation of a lats1 complex." SIGNOR-198435 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CCDC6 protein Q16204 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr434 TPPPSPNtQTPVQPP 9606 BTO:0000551 23108047 t miannu "Phosphorylation of ccdc6 at thr434 by atm during dna damage response prevents fbxw7-mediated ccdc6 degradation." SIGNOR-199276 NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000815;BTO:0002552 30455429 f miannu "NR4A3 exhibits p53-independent anti-proliferative functions. Ectopic expression of NR4A3 inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 and H1299 cancer cell lines." SIGNOR-256201 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16612387 t gcesareni "Ikkalfa associated with and phosphorylated and activate interferon regulatory factor-7 (irf7), which is required for interferon-alfa (ifnalfa) production." SIGNOR-146116 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT SMAD4/JUN complex SIGNOR-C10 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9312063 t gcesareni "Our analysis of the regulation of dpc4 transcriptional activity by c-jun was consistent with the possibility that c-jun and dpc4 could interact and produce trans-activation of the 3tp-lux reporter." SIGNOR-50589 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264922 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT AP1G2 protein O75843 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001950 18772139 t miannu "Gamma2-Adaptin is a putative member of the clathrin adaptor protein family with unknown physiological function. We previously reported that gamma2-adaptin acts as a ubiquitin receptor by virtue of its ubiquitin-interacting motif. Here we demonstrate that this motif mediates a specific physical interaction with the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 and promotes ubiquitination of gamma2-adaptin. These antibodies clearly recognized the 96 kDa form, thus demonstrating that a fraction of γ2-adaptin is modified by monoubiquitination (Fig. 1C). Thus, binding of γ2-adaptin to Nedd4 is not necessary for its membrane association.Accordingly, one possible function of γ2-adaptin may be to act as an adaptor for Nedd4, recruiting it to membrane compartments for subsequent ubiquitination." SIGNOR-272635 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr40 LTKTNLSyYEYDKMK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254693 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000815 18570872 t miannu " In this report, we show that cIAP1 and cIAP2 promote cancer cell survival by functioning as E3 ubiquitin ligases that maintain constitutive ubiquitination of the RIP1 adaptor protein. We demonstrate that AEG40730, a compound modeled on BIR-binding tetrapeptides, binds to cIAP1 and cIAP2, facilitates their autoubiquitination and proteosomal degradation, and causes a dramatic reduction in RIP1 ubiquitination. We show that cIAP1 and cIAP2 directly ubiquitinate RIP1 and induce constitutive RIP1 ubiquitination in cancer cells and demonstrate that constitutively ubiquitinated RIP1 associates with the prosurvival kinase TAK1." SIGNOR-272638 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser45 LFRLSEHsSPEEEAS -1 2557337 t llicata "Study of [Plphosphate release during manual Edman degradation confirmed that the phosphorylated residues in rat DARPP-32 were Ser45 and Ser102. | Phosphorylation by casein kinase II did not affect the potency of DARPP-32 as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1, which depended only on phosphorylation of Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. However, phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by casein kinase II facilitated phosphorylation of Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase" SIGNOR-250928 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1724 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269334 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CD300LF protein Q8TDQ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr263 AEDQEPTyCNMGHLS 17202342 t lperfetto "Y236 (YVTM) and Y263 (YCNM) fit with the consensus motif reported to bind the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K (16). |The association between IREM-1 and p85α was only perceived in the presence of c-Fyn, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of IREM-1 cytoplasmic tail of IREM-1 was required for the interaction." SIGNOR-275620 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser379 DLILNRCsESTKRKL 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89288 OTUD7B protein Q6GQQ9 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18178551 t lperfetto "NF-kappaB Suppression by the Deubiquitinating Enzyme Cezanne|Our study provides several lines of evidence to suggest that Cezanne suppresses TNFR signaling to NF-κB by targeting RIP1 for deubiquitination." SIGNOR-268411 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser353 VQNKRRRsVTPPEEQ 9606 23708659 t lperfetto "Rsk promotes g2/m transition through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b rsk is likely to be more active in mitotic cells than in interphase cells, as evidenced by the phosphorylation status of t359/s363 in rsk. Together, these findings indicate that rsk promotes g2/m transition in mammalian cells through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b." SIGNOR-252781 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 10806218 t gcesareni "More importantly, incubation of active erk2 or p38 kinase with h3 protein resulted in phosphorylation of h3 at serine 10 in vitro. These results suggest that erk and p38 kinase are at least two important mediators of phosphorylation of h3 at serine 10." SIGNOR-265338 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT FUT3 protein P21217 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22547830 f miannu "We provide evidence that ST3GAL1/3/4 and FUT3 are transcriptionally up-regulated by c-Myc with probable involvement of Ser62 phosphorylation, and that FUT2 is transcriptionally down-regulated through the attenuation of CDX2." SIGNOR-254612 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser266 QYLGSIAsPSVHPAT 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138957 RRAGB protein Q5VZM2 UNIPROT RAGBD complex SIGNOR-C116 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "Mammals express four Rag proteins€”RagA, RagB, RagC, and RagD€”that form heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB with RagC or RagD. RagA and RagB, like RagC and RagD, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-228179 CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp345 EEWEAQRdSHLGPHR -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261757 UBA6 protein A0AVT1 UNIPROT "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24816100 t miannu "The activation of ubiquitin by the ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1 (E1) constitutes the first step in the covalent modification of target proteins with ubiquitin. This activation is a three-step process in which ubiquitin is adenylated at its C-terminal glycine, followed by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a catalytic cysteine residue of Uba1 and the subsequent adenylation of a second ubiquitin." SIGNOR-270835 SND1 protein Q7KZF4 UNIPROT IGFBP3 protein P17936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23878061 f irozzo "Therefore, we concluded that SND1 could affect SMMC-7721 cells proliferation by regulating IGFBP3 expression and IGF signaling pathway." SIGNOR-259140 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1721 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273048 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 10913193 t gcesareni "Sik/brk is the first identified tyrosine kinase that can phosphorylate sam68 and regulate its activity within the nucleus, where it resides during most of the cell cycle" SIGNOR-80020 BZW2 protein Q9Y6E2 UNIPROT ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31643092 f miannu "Subsequent research reveals that BZW2 induces ATF4 translation which is a pro‐oncogenic transcription factor" SIGNOR-261222 phenformin chemical CHEBI:8064 ChEBI KCNJ11 protein Q14654 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20188727 t lperfetto "Phenformin has a direct inhibitory effect on the ATP-sensitive potassium channel |Phenformin but not metformin inhibits a number of variants of K(ATP) including the cloned equivalents of currents present in vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle (Kir6.1/SUR2B and Kir6.2/SUR2B) and pancreatic beta-cells (Kir6.2/SUR1)." SIGNOR-262031 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 t apalma "IGF-I binding to its receptor activates the kinase activity of the receptor, which then recruits the insulin response substrate-1, causing activation of phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) to phosphorylate Akt." SIGNOR-255106 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT ATCAY protein Q86WG3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 16275660 t miannu "CHIP e.g. was found to efficiently polyubiquitinate caytaxin in vitro, suggesting that it might influence caytaxin degradation in vivo." SIGNOR-272651 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser389 LSPIAPRsPAKLSFQ 9606 BTO:0000567 7651411 t lperfetto "However, both of these stimuli strongly activate two other mapks, jnk1 and jnk2, and stimulate elk-1 transcriptional activity and phosphorylation jnk phosphorylation sites include ser383 and ser389, the major residues whose phosphorylation is responsible for enhancement of elk-1 trascriptional activity." SIGNOR-236432 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004058 12589053 f lperfetto "Overexpression of smad6, a natural antagonist for smad1, blocked ppargamma expression and adipocytic differentiation induced by bmp2" SIGNOR-236227 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 14701756 t gcesareni "These results suggest that chip can interact with the smad1/smad4 proteins and block bmp signal transduction through the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of smad proteins." SIGNOR-120731 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268785 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser729 ASPQSPEsVDLVNEE 9606 11604491 t llicata "Trophic factor withdrawal: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activates nhe1, which induces intracellular alkalinization. activated p38 mapk directly phosphorylated the c terminus of nhe1 within a 40-amino-acid region. Analysis by mass spectroscopy identified four phosphorylation sites on nhe1, thr 717, ser 722, ser 725, and ser 728." SIGNOR-111047 ALDOC protein P09972 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266481 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CAP1 protein Q01518 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser310 PKPQTSPsPKRATKK 9606 BTO:0000763 30123351 t lperfetto "We found that GSK3 phosphorylates S307 and S309 by using inhibitors LiCl. Inhibition of GSK3beta can cause loss of cell polarity as well as accumulation of stress fibers. We propose that GSK3 regulates CAP1 through at least two mechanisms. First, GSK3 (and potentially other kinases) phosphorylate CAP1 at S309 and promote CAP1 localization to the cytosol. Second, phosphorylation at S309 affects protein-protein interactions with actin and cofilin. The loss of this phospho-regulation by GSK3 inhibition is expected to disrupt CAP1 function and actin dynamics." SIGNOR-264823 SMDT1 protein Q9H4I9 UNIPROT MCU_MICU2_variant complex SIGNOR-C502 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270875 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 PGEAEPLtPTYNISA 9606 17512500 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P35398-4" gcesareni "We identified the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (erk-2) as roralpha4 phosphorylating kinase in vitro. The primary sequence of roralpha4 contains an erk-2 recognition motif (p-l-t(128)-p) within the hinge domain, and mutation of thr-128 to ala prevents roralpha4 phosphorylation by erk. The roralpha4-t128a mutant exhibits an increased dna-binding affinity, an increased transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-154914 MET-enkephalin smallmolecule CHEBI:6618 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257551 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:28750 ChEBI 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17252 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000050 2139411 t lperfetto "The isolation, cloning, and expression of a cDNA insert complementary to mRNA encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase is reported. |The expressed protein was similar in size to human placental microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase, as detected by immunoblot analysis, and catalyzed the conversion of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone to progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione." SIGNOR-268639 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr710 DLQEAEKtIGRSRST -1 12030846 t miannu "MYPT1 was phosphorylated by ILK and phosphorylation sites in the N- and C-terminal fragments of MYPT1 were detected. From sequence analyses, three sites were identified: a primary site at Thr(709), and two other sites at Thr(695) and Thr(495). ILK produced an intermediate level of inhibition" SIGNOR-262885 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12907755 t gcesareni "Inally, mrna tissue distribution of these ptps by rt-pcr analysis and coexpression of the wild-type ptps to test their ability to dephosphorylate ligand-activated ghr suggest ptp-h1 and ptp1b as potential candidates involved in ghr signaling." SIGNOR-104580 TTBK1 protein Q5TCY1 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser515 SGDRSGYsSPGSPGT 9606 BTO:0000938 16923168 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Direct tau phosphorylation by ttbk1 at ser198, ser199, ser202 and ser422, which are also phosphorylated in phfs. Ttbk1 also induces tau aggregation in human neuronal cells in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ttbk1 is a neuron-specific dual kinase involved in tau phosphorylation at ad-related sites and is also associated with tau aggregation." SIGNOR-148966 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259044 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_progress phenotype SIGNOR-PH42 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 increased foxo3's ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-267285 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ANKRD13D protein Q6ZTN6 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272677 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005871 33754076 f Luana "Furthermore, the protein level of the rate-limiting enzyme GLS1 but not GLUD1, GOT1, or GPT2 was consistently reduced by PPARγ agonists" SIGNOR-268043 ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "The ADAM proteases are best known for their role in shedding the extracellular domain of transmembrane proteins. Among the transmembrane proteins shed by ADAM10 are notch, HER2, E-cadherin, CD44, L1 and the EGFR ligands, EGF and betacellulin." SIGNOR-259845 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1161 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK -1 8940173 t miannu "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246248 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ANKS4B protein Q8N8V4 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272678 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 7566123 t Monia "Consistent with an essential role for FRAP kinase activity in vivo, autophosphorylation of FRAP is inhibited by FKBP12-rapamycin." SIGNOR-261074 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT TOM1 protein O60784 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272679 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 26470845 f lperfetto "Consistently, our results show that ASXL1 mutations are associated with lower expression levels of p15INK4B and a proliferative advantage of hematopoietic progenitors in primary bone marrow cells, and that depletion of ASXL1 in multiple cell lines results in resistance to growth inhibitory signals." SIGNOR-241614 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG 9606 11955436 t lperfetto "Wnt regulation of beta-catenin degradation is essential for development and carcinogenesis. beta-catenin degradation is initiated upon amino-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation, which is believed to be performed by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in complex with tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adnomatous polyposis coli (APC)." SIGNOR-227905 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001175 10906123 t lperfetto "In addition, we demonstrated the functional receptor for betaig-h3 is alpha(3)beta(1) integrin. These results, therefore, establish the essential motifs within the 2nd and the 4th domains of betaig-h3, which interact with alpha(3)beta(1) integrin to mediate HCE cell adhesion to betaig-h3 and suggest that other proteins containing Asp-Ile in their fas-1 domains could possibly function as cell adhesion molecules." SIGNOR-253211 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27639498 f irozzo "The DNA methyltransferase 3 genes (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) encode methyltransferases that catalyze the addition of a methyl group to the cytosine residue of CpG dinucleotide; therefore they play an essential role in DNA methylation and gene silencing regulatory processes. DNMT3A function is involved in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) renewal and myeloid differentiation." SIGNOR-255714 GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT CYP11A1 protein P05108 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002850 15284005 f miannu "The transcription factor GATA6, which regulates the promoter activity of CYP17 and CYP11A, was increased in the PCOS compared to normal theca cells." SIGNOR-254197 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1931 SPTSPTYsPTSPKGS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273049 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PLN protein P26678 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser16 RSAIRRAsTIEMPQQ 10090 10988285 t miannu "Phospholamban (PLB) can be phosphorylated at Ser(16) by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. phosphorylation of Ser(16) is sufficient for mediating the maximal cardiac responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation." SIGNOR-250030 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RGS10 protein O43665 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser176 QTAAKRAsRIYNT 9606 11443111 t lperfetto "We report in this study the acute functional regulation of rgs10 thru the specific and inducible phosphorylation of rgs10 protein at serine 168 by camp-dependent kinase a. This phosphorylation nullifies the rgs10 activity at the plasma membrane, which controls the g protein-dependent activation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel." SIGNOR-109173 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDKN2D protein P55273 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr141 RRDARGLtPLELALQ 9606 22558186 t lperfetto "Cdk2 and pka were found to participate in p19ink4d phosphorylation process and that they would mediate serine 76 and threonine 141 modifications respectively.we propose a sequential phosphorylation model for p19 in which modification at s76 would enable a second phosphorylation event at t141. The phosphorylation-induced structural changes could have functional implicancies for p19 in the dna damage response" SIGNOR-197274 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser428 SSKIRRLsACKQQ 10116 11297520 t miannu "Phosphorylation of the protein kinase mutated in Peutz-Jeghers cancer syndrome, LKB1/STK11, at Ser431 by p90(RSK) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase, but not its farnesylation at Cys(433), is essential for LKB1 to suppress cell growth." SIGNOR-250055 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr537 CKNVVPLyDLLLEML 9606 10571988 t gcesareni "On the basis of these data and other reports describing the structure and activity of y537 mutations, as well as knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the her ligand binding domain, we propose an alternate model wherein y537f mutation favors an open pocket conformation, affecting the estrogen binding kinetics and stability of the hormone-bound, transcriptionally active closed pocket conformation." SIGNOR-72373 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser150 PELCGPGsPPVLTPG 9606 15952796 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb10 by mitogen-activated protein kinase: identification of ser150 and ser476 of human grb10zeta as major phosphorylation sitesreplacing ser(150) and ser(476) with alanines reduced the inhibitory effect of human grb10zeta on insulin-stimulated irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation" SIGNOR-138171 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser309 SLGEGNGsPNHQPEP 9606 19237534 t lperfetto "In vitro, lsf is phosphorylated by cyclin e/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), cyclin c/cdk2, and cyclin c/cdk3, predominantly on s309. Phosphorylation by cyclin c/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 following mitogenic stimulation of murine fibroblasts inhibits transcriptional activity of lsf during g1 progression" SIGNOR-184164 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser263 CKLFDSPsLCSSSTR 9606 17110335 t gcesareni "We show here that dna-responsive checkpoints activate pp2a/b56delta phosphatase complexes to dephosphorylate cdc25 at a site distinct from ser287 (t138), the phosphorylation of which is required for 14-3-3 release." SIGNOR-150839 MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH218 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25486875 f lperfetto "OPA1, MFN1 and MFN2 are essential mediators of the sequential fusion of the outer and inner membranes of adjacent mitochondria" SIGNOR-272985 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr252 HDGTVTHtFCGTIEY 9606 9445476 t gcesareni "A regulatory link between p70s6k and pkb was demonstrated, as pdk1 was found to selectively phosphorylate p70s6k at thr229. More importantly, pdk1 activated p70s6k in vitro and in vivo, whereas the catalytically inactive pdk1 blocked insulin-induced activation of p70s6k. one of the most studied signalling events controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of a group of agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-55306 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "In the non-canonical wnt pathway, frizzled uses galfaq or galfai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat, and frizzled also signals through the small gtpases rho and rac to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), which activates the ap1 transcription factor gpcrs signal through four relatively small families of galfa proteins (galfas, galfai/o, galfaq, and galfa12/13), and if fzd receptors are classic gpcrs, they should signal through one of these four galfa families." SIGNOR-152597 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser661 QNEFAGFsYTNPEFV 9606 17115692 t lperfetto "The catalytic or kinase domain requires phosphorylation at three sites for full activation (24, 25): ? Phosphorylation of threonine 500 (thr-500) in the activation loop by the upstream kinase pdk-1 is a prerequisite for the maturation of the enzyme (26), which subsequently leads to autophosphorylation at threonine 641 (thr-641) in the turn motif and serine 660 (ser-660) in the hydrophobic motif" SIGNOR-150861 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257289 TAOK3 protein Q9H2K8 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok1 3 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2" SIGNOR-269949 KCNC4 protein Q03721 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 11506885 t miannu "Kv3 currents are activated specifically during action potential repolarization. Analysis of the Kv3 subfamily of K+ channel subunits has lead to the discovery of a new class of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels characterized by positively shifted voltage dependencies and very fast deactivation rates. These properties are adaptations that allow these channels to produce currents that can specifically enable fast repolarization of action potentials without compromising spike initiation or height" SIGNOR-265588 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT A2M protein P01023 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Arg719 VMGRGHArLVHVEEP -1 9344465 t lperfetto "The complex formation was confirmed by the use of 125I-labeled matrix metalloproteinase-2. The cleavage sites in the ""bait"" regions following formation of high-molecular-weight complexes of matrix metalloproteinases with the alpha-macroglobulins were determined by protein sequence analysis. Pregnancy zone protein was cleaved at Thr693-Tyr694 and alpha2-macroglobulin at Gly679-Leu680 and Arg696-Leu697 by matrix metalloproteinase-2. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 cleaved alpha2-macroglobulin at the same site as matrix metalloproteinase-2, but cleavage of pregnancy zone protein was at Leu753-Ser754.|MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261739 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr99 NAPAGQEtQRGGSKS 9606 12034743 t lperfetto "Mitotic phosphorylation of blm was partially dependent on atm, and phosphorylation sites on blm were identified. A phosphospecific antibody against one of these sites (thr-99) revealed radiation-induced phosphorylation, which was defective in ataxia-telangiectasia cells. These data suggest that atm and blm function together in recognizing abnormal dna structures by direct interaction and that these phosphorylation sites in blm are important for radiosensitivity status but not for sce frequency." SIGNOR-88010 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 12110590 t gcesareni "Here, we show that in fibroblasts, insulin, epidermal growth factor (egf) and serum activate atf2 via a so far unknown two-step mechanism involving two distinct ras effector pathways: the raf-mek-erk pathway induces phosphorylation of atf2 thr71, whereas subsequent atf2 thr69 phosphorylation requires the ral-ralgds-src-p38 pathway." SIGNOR-90529 SGK2 protein Q9HBY8 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 BTO:0000007 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-252990 (S)-duloxetine chemical CHEBI:36795 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18387300 t Luana "Selective inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake (SNRI) has been shown to be an attractive dual pharmacology approach for the treatment of a number of diseases.1,2 For example, dual 5- HT/NA reuptake inhibitor duloxetine (1) has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of depression, pain, and urinary incontinence." SIGNOR-257775 MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly776 IGPPGPAgAPGDKGE -1 17318226 t lperfetto "In vitro, MMP1 initiates degradation of native fibrillar collagens, crucial components of vertebrate extracellular matrix (ECM), by cleaving the peptide bond between Gly775–Ile776 or Gly775–Lys776 in native type I, II or III collagen molecules3,4. " SIGNOR-272336 PTPN9 protein P43378 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10029 BTO:0000246 12907755 t "Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play key roles in switching off tyrosine phosphorylation cascades, such as initiated by cytokine receptors. We have used substrate-trapping mutants of a large set of PTPs to identify members of the PTP family that have substrate specificity for the phosphorylated human GH receptor (GHR) intracellular domain. Among 31 PTPs tested, T cell (TC)-PTP, PTP-beta, PTP1B, stomach cancer-associated PTP 1 (SAP-1), Pyst-2, Meg-2, and PTP-H1 showed specificity for phosphorylated GHR" SIGNOR-248505 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT BSG protein P35613-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr140 PVTDWAWyKITDSED 9606 BTO:0000849 32291412 t miannu "Our findings demonstrated that Fyn directly phosphorylates CD147 at Y140 and Y183. Moreover, the CD147-FF (Y140F/Y183F) mutation impaired the interaction between CD147 and GnT-V, leading to decreased CD147 glycosylation and membrane recruitment." SIGNOR-273999 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT BSG protein P35613-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr183 MEADPGQyRCNGTSS 9606 BTO:0000849 32291412 t miannu "Our findings demonstrated that Fyn directly phosphorylates CD147 at Y140 and Y183. Moreover, the CD147-FF (Y140F/Y183F) mutation impaired the interaction between CD147 and GnT-V, leading to decreased CD147 glycosylation and membrane recruitment." SIGNOR-274000 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT TPM4 protein P67936 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272684 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CDK18 protein Q07002 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser14 KNFKRRFsLSVPRTE 28361970 t lperfetto "We previously revealed that PCTK3 is activated by two pathways: interaction with cytoplasmic cyclin A and phosphorylation at Ser-12 by protein kinase A (PKA)12. Activated PCTK3 phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in vitro. " SIGNOR-264560 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT CHRNA1 protein P02708 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 22309736 f gcesareni "We identified five wnts (wnt9a, wnt9b, wnt10b, wnt11, and wnt16) that are able to stimulate achr clustering, of which wnt9a and wnt11 are expressed abundantly in developing muscles." SIGNOR-195963 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "We identified stat5 as a direct binding partner to egfr and erbb4 and discovered new recognition motifs for shc and stat5." SIGNOR-146894 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 BTO:0003807 11971971 t lperfetto "Mapk1 is phosphorylated by map2k1/mek1 and map2k2/mek2 on thr-185 and tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or ngf. Both phosphorylations are required for activity." SIGNOR-244792 NLRX1 protein Q86UT6 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 28956771 t Giorgia "Moreover, poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) interacts with NLRX1 to participate in the NLRX1-induced degradation of MAVS and the inhibition of antiviral responses during HCV infection." SIGNOR-260359 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRAF4 protein Q9BUZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271081 CRYAB protein P02511 UNIPROT CRYGS protein P22914 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20621668 t miannu "Human gamma-crystallins are long-lived, unusually stable proteins of the eye lens exhibiting duplicated, double Greek key domains. The lens also contains high concentrations of the small heat shock chaperone alpha-crystallin, which suppresses aggregation of model substrates in vitro. Mature-onset cataract is believed to represent an aggregated state of partially unfolded and covalently damaged crystallins. The alphaB-crystallin oligomers formed long-lived stable complexes with their gammaD-crystallin substrates. These in vitro results provide support for protein unfolding/protein aggregation models for cataract, with alpha-crystallin suppressing aggregation of damaged or unfolded proteins through early adulthood but becoming saturated with advancing age." SIGNOR-253623 CAST protein P20810 UNIPROT CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "In addition to Ca2+, calpastatin has a key role in the regulation of calpain. Calpastatin, a heat-stable protein ranging from ~70 to ~140 kDa of apparent molecular weight depending on the cell type, is considered a specific endogenous inhibitor of calpains|The calpastatin molecule contains four inhibitory units [75–77]. Each of these units binds to one calpain molecule [75–77]. Therefore, the ratio calpain/calpastatin plays a key role in the regulation of calpain activity [78–80]. The inhibitory effect of calpastatin requires Ca2+-dependent high-affinity binding to three sites of calpain" SIGNOR-251609 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT PADI4 protein Q9UM07 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272689 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 2114181 f Regulation miannu "Interferon-gamma inhibits lipoprotein lipase in human monocyte-derived macrophages. The data indicate that IFN-gamma is inhibiting macrophage LPL at least in part via a reduction of LPL synthesis" SIGNOR-251848 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t lperfetto "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-244651 LDB1 protein Q86U70 UNIPROT LHX2 protein P50458 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17005264 t miannu "Cofactor CLIM2 promotes the repressive action of LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lhx2 in the expression of porcine pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit gene." SIGNOR-223962 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser68 RSLSRSIsQSSTDSY 10090 17635105 t lperfetto "Moreover, IRBIT-associated PP1 specifically dephosphorylated Ser68 of IRBIT. Phosphorylation of Ser68 was required for subsequent phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74, but the latter two sites were not targeted by PP1. We found that phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74 were sufficient to enable inhibition of IP3 binding to the IP3R|Given the importance of phosphorylation for the function of IRBIT in suppressing IP3R activity [7,10], in the present study, we searched for a protein phosphatase involved in the dephosphorylation and, hence, inactivation of IRBIT. We found that IRBIT contains a specific well-conserved binding site for PP1." SIGNOR-264657 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Akt inactivates protein degradation by phosphorylating and thus repressing the transcription factors of the FoxO family, and stimulates protein synthesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (GSK3B)." SIGNOR-175285 LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 16890161 t amattioni "The phosphorylation of lrp6 generates a docking site for axin and recruits it to the plasma membrane, where axin is inactivated and/or targeted for degradation by an unknown mechanism." SIGNOR-148668 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr24 AEIGEGAyGKVFKAR 9606 BTO:0000007 23429262 t lperfetto "Invalidation of CDK4 has no impact by itself on the cell proliferation, but invalidation of CDC25A prevents the dephosphorylation of CDK6 (Y24) and CDK4 (Y17) residues, and impedes their association with CCNDs." SIGNOR-267569 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr518 SMDNTPHtPTPFKNA 10593981 t llicata "Ten phosphorylation sites carboxyl-terminal to the DNA-binding domain were identified by this method: threonines at positions 267, 408, 497, 519, 522, and 524 and serines at positions 283, 396, 455, and 581. | Our results indicate that B-Myb can be phosphorylated in a cell-free system by both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. | These data suggest that B-Myb is a target for phosphorylation by cyclin-Cdk2 and that phosphorylation of B-Myb regulates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-250740 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ILRUN protein Q9H6K1 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272697 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT UBQLN1 protein Q9UMX0 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272701 PSMB2 protein P49721 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263358 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22863277 t gcesareni "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2 thereby activating yap and taz transcription co-activators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-198559 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser190 RGAPKRGsGKDSHHP -1 2413024 t lperfetto "MBP was phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or C | Subsequent amino acid analysis and/or sequential Edman degradation of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence of this protein, revealed that Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161 at various reaction velocities." SIGNOR-248871 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-195654 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin. Dephosphorylated by ptpreand ptpn1 at tyr-999, tyr-1185, tyr-1189 and tyr-1190." SIGNOR-75902 BMS-599626 chemical CID:10437018 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 17062696 t "AC480 significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of HN-5 cells, expressing both EGFR and Her2." gcesareni "The studies described here are intended to characterize the ability of bms-599626, a small-molecule inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (her) kinase family, to modulate signaling and growth of tumor cells that depend on her1 and/or her2." SIGNOR-150190 OPHN1 protein O60890 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000938 12932438 t miannu "OPHN-1 colocalized with the actin cytoskeleton in neuronal and glial cells. We have previously shown that OPHN1 stimulates GTPases activity of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 in vitro" SIGNOR-268399 TMED10 protein P49755 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16641999 t gcesareni "Here we report that tmp21, a member of the p24 cargo protein family, is a component of presenilin complexes and differentially regulates gamma-secretase cleavage" SIGNOR-146364 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr48 VCPDVPRtPVGKFLG 9606 8119945 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-48, thr-67, ser-122, thr-130, ser-168 and ser-214 occurs at g2 and g2-m transition and is catalyzed by cdk1. Ser-168 phosphorylation levels are lower than those at the other 5 cdk1 sites. Phosphorylation by cdk1 leads to increased activity." SIGNOR-36271 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8663074 t gcesareni "Mapkk6 was shown to phosphorylate and specifically activate the p38/mpk2 sub of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily." SIGNOR-42390 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2Z protein Q9H832 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271347 "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253279 PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1618 LTKAADIsLDNLVEG -1 24703952 t lperfetto "Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |Depletion of PP4C, or PP4R3beta, causes persistence of phospho-T1609 and phospho-S1618" SIGNOR-264451 RBBP7 protein Q16576 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263836 ARHGAP11A protein Q6P4F7 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260466 KCTD17 protein Q8N5Z5 UNIPROT TCHP protein Q9BT92 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 25270598 t miannu "We have identified KCTD17 as a substrate-adaptor for Cul3-RING E3 ligases (CRL3s) that polyubiquitylates trichoplein. Depletion of KCTD17 specifically arrests ciliogenesis at the initial step of axoneme extension through aberrant trichoplein-Aurora-A activity. Thus, CRL3-KCTD17 targets trichoplein to proteolysis to initiate the axoneme extension during ciliogenesis." SIGNOR-272463 CDK14 protein O94921 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1490 AILNPPPsPATERSH 9606 20059949 t gcesareni "Low-density lipoprotein receptor related proteins 5 and 6 (lrp5/6) are transmembrane receptors that initiate wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Phosphorylation of pppsp motifs in the lrp6 cytoplasmic domain is crucial for signal transduction. Using a kinome-wide rnai screen, we show that pppsp phosphorylation requires the drosophila cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) l63. L63 and its vertebrate homolog pftk are regulated by the membrane tethered g2/m cyclin, cyclin y, which mediates binding to and phosphorylation of lrp6." SIGNOR-162924 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PNKP protein Q96T60 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser114 EETRTPEsQPDTPPG 9606 21824916 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that pnkp is phosphorylated by the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm) in vitro. The major phosphorylation site for both kinases was serine 114, with serine 126 being a minor site. Purified pnkp protein with mutation of serines 114 and 126 had decreased dna kinase and dna phosphatase activities and reduced affinity for dna in vitro." SIGNOR-176016 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser660 FSAERRNsILTETLH 9606 10581361 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of cf-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by pka and pkgcftr possesses a large cluster of strict dibasic consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase a (pka) in the r-domain and an obligatory dependence on phosphorylation is a hallmark of cftr cl(-) channel function" SIGNOR-72712 SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253409 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1021 PNEGDNDyIIPLPDP 9606 1396585 t llicata "These data show that tyrosine phosphorylation of plc-gamma is dependent on autophosphorylation of the pdgf beta-receptor at tyr1009 and tyr1021." SIGNOR-18579 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT CCNH protein P51946 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sSQKRHWT 9606 10993082 t gcesareni "Here we show that cdk8/cyclin c can regulate transcription by targeting the cdk7/cyclin h subunits of the general transcription initiation factor iih (tfiih). cdk8 phosphorylates mammalian cyclin h in the vicinity of its functionally unique amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal alpha-helical domains. This phosphorylation represses both the ability of tfiih to activate transcription and its ctd kinase activity. In addition, mimicking cdk8 phosphorylation of cyclin h in vivo has a dominant-negative effect on cell growth." SIGNOR-82037 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK4 protein P57078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination lys145 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation.Lysine residues K51 and K145 of RIP4 are critical for cIAP1-mediated ubiquitination and NF-kB activation." SIGNOR-272709 CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT SLC1A3 protein P43003 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26690923 t miannu "EAAT3 has previously been shown to form complexes with caveolin-1, a major component of caveolae, which participate in the regulation of transport proteins. The present study explored the impact of caveolin-1 on electrogenic transport by excitatory amino acid transporter isoforms EAAT1-4. caveolin-1 is a powerful negative regulator of the excitatory glutamate transporters EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, and EAAT4. Caveolin-1 has been shown to form complexes with the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3 (EAAC1) (Gonzalez et al. 2007) and may thus modify the EAAT isoforms by direct interaction with the carriers." SIGNOR-264808 SSTR1 protein P30872 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256679 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser312 TESITATsPASMVGG 9606 BTO:0000975 17360977 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 initiates insulin signaling, whereas serine/threonine phosphorylation alters the ability of IRS-1 to transduce the insulin signalInsulin increased the phosphorylation of Ser312, Ser616, Ser636, Ser892, Ser1101, and Ser1223 Ser312 can be phosphorylated by kinases, such as c-jun NH2-terminal kinase and inhibitor of _B kinase" SIGNOR-217920 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257422 SUPT3H protein O75486 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269590 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT MLANA protein Q16655 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 12819038 f miannu "The results of the present work demonstrate that the essential melanocyte-specific transcription factor MITF regulates expression of the genes encoding the melanoma tumor markers MLANA and SILV. MITF up- or down-regulation is seen to correspondingly modulate expression of MLANA and SILV in parallel directions, at both mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-254590 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9600 BTO:0000567 26652733 t "inferred from family member" "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-270250 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1917 SPTSPTYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273050 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 GGRERLAsTNDKGSM 9606 BTO:0000150 7838153 t gcesareni "Serine 167 is the major phosphorylation site on the human estrogen receptor. Phosphorylation is mediated by casein kinase ii." SIGNOR-252807 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser68 RSLSRSIsQSSTDSY 10090 17635105 t "Moreover, IRBIT-associated PP1 specifically dephosphorylated Ser68 of IRBIT. Phosphorylation of Ser68 was required for subsequent phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74, but the latter two sites were not targeted by PP1. We found that phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74 were sufficient to enable inhibition of IP3 binding to the IP3R|Given the importance of phosphorylation for the function of IRBIT in suppressing IP3R activity [7,10], in the present study, we searched for a protein phosphatase involved in the dephosphorylation and, hence, inactivation of IRBIT. We found that IRBIT contains a specific well-conserved binding site for PP1." SIGNOR-248498 Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268711 ERAP1 protein Q9NZ08 UNIPROT "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31810556 t scontino "While peptides loaded onto MHC class I molecules are 8‚Äì11 amino acid residues long (a restriction based on the size and conformation of the peptide-binding groove of MHC class I molecules), peptides translocated by TAP can be significantly longer. These peptides will be trimmed to the correct length by ERAP-1." SIGNOR-267772 trastuzumab antibody DB00072 DRUGBANK ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 29017563 t miannu "HER2+ breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rates, but the development of HER2-targeted therapies, such as originator trastuzumab (Herceptin®), has substantially improved patient survival." SIGNOR-259904 oxymetazoline chemical CHEBI:7862 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258916 PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT TXN protein P10599 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001950 18048767 f miannu "Activation of PPAR-delta upregulated the expression of antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and thioredoxin and decreased reactive oxygen species production in ECs." SIGNOR-255052 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT KCNB1 protein Q14721 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr128 YWGIDEIyLESCCQA 9606 BTO:0000938 19622611 t flangone "In the present study we show that an n-terminal tyrosine of kv2.1 (y124), which is a known target of src kinase, is critical for the apoptotic current surge..Kv2.1-mediated k+ currents are also enhanced during non-injurious conditions through direct phosphorylation of intracellular n-terminal residue tyrosine 124 (y124) by src kinase" SIGNOR-187201 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273052 WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15221015 t gcesareni "Similar to smurfs, wwp1 associated with smad7 and induced its nuclear export, and enhanced binding of smad7 to tgf-beta type i receptor to cause ubiquitination and degradation of the receptor. Consistent with these results, wwp1 inhibited phosphorylation of smad2 induced by tgf-beta. Wwp1 thus negatively regulates tgf-beta signaling in cooperation with smad7" SIGNOR-126581 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15747065 t gcesareni "Here, we identify ck1 and ck2 as major kinases that directly bind to and phosphorylate lef-1 inducing distinct, kinase-specific changes in the lef-1/dna complex. Ck1-dependent phosphorylation inhibits, whereas ck2 activates lef-1/beta-catenin transcriptional activity in reporter gene assays." SIGNOR-134500 "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR UHRF1 protein Q96T88 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 f miannu "We concluded that FBXL10 recruits the noncanonical PRC1 complex to directly repress Cdk1, Uhrf1, and Pparg that may account for the FBXL10-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-252250 AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17589504 t lperfetto "Here we show that Ambra1 (activating molecule in Beclin1-regulated autophagy), a large, previously unknown protein bearing a WD40 domain at its amino terminus, regulates autophagy and has a crucial role in embryogenesis. We found that Ambra1 is a positive regulator of the Becn1-dependent programme of autophagy" SIGNOR-156409 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT RIPK4 protein P57078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "In this study, we report that in addition to RIP1 and RIP2, also RIP3 and RIP4 directly interact with XIAP, cIAP1 and cIAP2. When comparing the ability of these IAPs to directly conjugate RIP1–RIP4 with ubiquitin chains, we found that cIAP1 was the most effective E3 and was capable of ubiquitinating all four RIPs in the presence of the E2 component UbcH5a. On the contrary, XIAP was only capable of inducing weak ubiquitination of RIP4." SIGNOR-272716 EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI 9606 30070006 t gcesareni "The integrated stress response is characterized by the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α) on serine 51 by one out of four specific kinases (EIF2AK1 to 4)" SIGNOR-246153 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser779 PLDQYSPsFPDTRSS 9606 BTO:0000938 23564461 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serine 779 in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 2 by protein kinase c(epsilon) regulates ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and neuronal differentiationour findings show that in addition to fgfr tyrosine phosphorylation, the phosphorylation of a conserved serine residue, ser(779), can quantitatively control ras/mapk signaling to promote specific cellular responses." SIGNOR-201671 "perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:39421 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 BTO:0000759 34861291 t miannu "Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a stable environmental contaminant that can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). These results indicate that mouse PPARα can be activated in the liver by PFOS causing increased expression of Acox1, Cyp4a10 and histopathological changes in the liver." SIGNOR-268754 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr283 YQPYQSIyVGGMMEG 9606 BTO:0001271 8622703 t lperfetto "We have previously demonstrated that the bcr protein is tyrosine phosphorylated within first-exon sequences by the bcr-abl oncoprotein. Here we report that in addition to tyrose 177 (y-177), y-360 and y283 are phosphorylated in bcr-abl proteins in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated bcr, phosphorylated in vitro by bcr-abl, was greatly inhibited in its serine/threonine kinase activity, impairing both auto- and transkinase activities of bcr." SIGNOR-40615 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19891787 f gcesareni "We earlier identified e2f-1 as a crucial transcription factor directly inhibited by hes-1." SIGNOR-189061 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT Quiescence phenotype SIGNOR-PH25 SIGNOR up-regulates BTO:0001103 15501225 f svumbaca "Our work presented here provides a possible mechanism involving Pax-7 that allow satellite cells to exit the cell cycle, down-regulate MyoD, and prevent myogenin induction, phenotypes characteristic of the quiescent satellite cell." SIGNOR-255366 PRMT5 protein O14744 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Arg140 KPEPLSArRGDCPTL 9606 BTO:0000007 22269951 t lperfetto "Hoxa9 methylation by prmt5 is essential for endothelial cell expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. / prmt5 is a critical coactivator component in a newly defined, hoxa9-containing transcription complex./ Hoxa9 is methylated on arg140 by prmt5." SIGNOR-195526 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NR1H4 protein Q96RI1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr456 GRLTELRtFNHHHAE 9606 BTO:0000195 18668687 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q96RI1-2" gcesareni "The effect of fic1 on fxr phosphorylation and nuclear localization and its effects on bsep promoter activity could be blocked with protein kinase c zeta (pkc zeta) inhibitors (pseudosubstrate or small interfering rna silencing). Recombinant pkc zeta directly phosphorylated immunoprecipitated fxr. The mutation of threonine 442 of fxr to alanine yielded a dominant negative protein," SIGNOR-179771 ISYNA1 protein Q9NPH2 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:18297 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15464731 t lperfetto "Human myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (IP synthase; E.C. 5.5.1.4), encoded by ISYNA1, catalyzes the de novo synthesis of inositol 1-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate." SIGNOR-254131 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257303 SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270692 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0004730 16319681 f lperfetto "The transcription factor C/EBPalpha controls differentiation and proliferation in normal granulopoiesis in a stage-specific manner. Loss of C/EBPalpha function in myeloid cells in vitro and in vivo leads to a block to myeloid differentiation similar to that which is observed in malignant cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The finding of C/EBPalpha alterations in subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia patients suggests a direct link between critically decreased C/EBPalpha function and the development of the disorder." SIGNOR-249632 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1889 SPTTPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273053 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT YWHAB protein P31946 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser60 VVGARRSsWRVISSI 9606 16024783 t gcesareni "We provide a mechanism for these observations through the phosphorylation of 14-3-3 by ikk and pkc on serine residues ser132 and ser60, respectively, which interferes with its binding to ttp and hence the retention of ttp in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-138612 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TTC3 protein P53804 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271087 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 GTLRTSIsVERQIHK 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251209 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000782 11526404 t lperfetto "Cbl-b, a ring-type e3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is implicated in setting the threshold of t lymphocyte activation. The p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (pi3k) was identified as a substrate for cbl-b. We have shown that cbl-b negatively regulated p85 in a proteolysis-independent manner." SIGNOR-110060 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT MAML2 protein Q8IZL2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21873209 t gcesareni "When bound to the active intracellular domain of notch (nicd), rbpj recruits a coactivator complex, including a mastermind homologue (maml1-3 in mammals), and drives a complex transcriptional program with pervasive phenotypic effects" SIGNOR-176197 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT KIR3DL1 protein P43629 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser415 QRKITRPsQRPKTPP 9606 17911614 t gcesareni "Functional studies of the wild-type receptor and serine/threonine mutants indicated that phosphorylation of ser(394) by protein kinase c slightly suppresses kir3dl1 inhibitory function, and reduces receptor internalization and turnover." SIGNOR-158133 PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" isomerization 9606 BTO:0000599 23720771 t lperfetto "In this study, the association of Par14 with insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was demonstrated in HepG2 cells|Therefore, although Pin1 and Par14 associate with different portions of IRS-1, the prolyl cis/trans isomerization in multiple sites of IRS-1 by these isomerases appears to be critical for efficient insulin receptor-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation|Par14 overexpression in HepG2 markedly enhanced insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation and its downstream events" SIGNOR-265757 TMLHE protein Q9NVH6 UNIPROT succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11431483 t miannu "Epsilon-N-Trimethyllysine hydroxylase (EC ) is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of l-carnitine and catalyzes the formation of beta-hydroxy-N-epsilon-trimethyllysine from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine, a reaction dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe(2+), and oxygen." SIGNOR-269683 GSC protein P56915 UNIPROT EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000596 9417125 t Luana "We demonstrate that Goosecoid can act as a repressor of its own promoter activity in transient co-transfection experiments in mouse P19 cells and in Xenopus embryos. Autorepression depends on the presence of the homeodomain and is mediated through the prd element more proximal to the transcriptional start site." SIGNOR-261613 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10648599 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Tfii-i can be phosphorylated in vitro by erk and mutation of consensus map kinase substrate sites at serines 627 and 633 impairs the phosphorylation of tfii-i by erk and its activity on the c-fos promoter. These results suggest that erk regulates the activity of tfii-i by direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-270169 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr925 DRSNDKVyENVTGLV 9606 21454698 t gcesareni "Strikingly, when fak and ret kinases were co-incubated in the presence of atp, a marked increased in fak tyr-576/577 and tyr-925 phosphorylation was observed together with a shift in mobility of fak, indicating conversion to an activated state" SIGNOR-173021 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000759 2158622 t miannu "We determined the affinity for T3 and analog binding characteristics of the translational products of c-erbA a- and /3-probes together with hepatic nuclear extracts." SIGNOR-258382 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22298955 t lperfetto "Akt, a member of the ser-ine/threonine-specific protein kinase, was found to phosphorylate osx and dlx5. akt interacts with and phosphorylates dlx5. In addition, we provide evidences that akt kinase activity is important for akt to enhance the protein stability and transcriptional activity of dlx5." SIGNOR-244228 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser670 CGKRFTRsDELQRHK 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 18258854 t llicata "Here we have used a variety of approaches to identify 3 amino acids (thr668, ser670, and thr681) in the zinc finger domain of sp1 that are modified by pkc-zeta angiotensin ii, which activates pkc-? Phosphorylation (at thr410) via the angiotensin ii type 1 receptor, stimulates sp1 phosphorylation and increases sp1 binding to the platelet-derived growth factor-d promoter." SIGNOR-160766 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269595 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI KCNMA1 protein Q12791 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 31152168 t miannu "The large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ (BK) channel is a tetramer consisting of four α-subunits encoded by the KCNMA1 gene on chromosome 10q22.3. The BK channel can be allosterically activated by both changes in the membrane voltage (voltage-dependent activation pathway) and intracellular [Ca2+] concentration (calcium-dependent activation pathway)" SIGNOR-269192 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser523 GVSDVPTsPTLQRPT 9606 21841788 t lperfetto "The jak2 jh2 domain functions as a negative regulator and is presumed to be a catalytically inactive pseudokinase, but the mechanism(s) for its inhibition of jak2 remains unknown. Here we show that jh2 is a dual-specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates two negative regulatory sites in jak2: ser523 and tyr570." SIGNOR-176054 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1616 TPQSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273054 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000830 15526160 f miannu "c-Kit promotes survival via PI3-kinase-dependent activation of Akt and phosphorylation of Bad, a pro-apoptotic molecule, at S136 in vivo." SIGNOR-254952 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 12023018 t miannu "We previously showed that human Aurora-A is turned over through the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)–ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. The association of two distinct WD40 repeat proteins known as Cdc20 and Cdh1, respectively, sequentially activates the APC/C. The present study shows that Aurora-A degradation is dependent on hCdh1 in vivo, not on hCdc20, and that Aurora-A is targeted for proteolysis through distinct structural features of the destruction box, the KEN box motifs and its kinase activity." SIGNOR-272611 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253462 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser382 KRASFAKsVIGTPEF 9606 17190791 t gcesareni "We finally establish that full-length wnk1, wnk2 and wnk3, but not wnk4, are capable of directly phosphorylating ser382 of wnk1 in vitro. This supports the notion that t-loop phosphorylation of wnk isoforms is controlled by trans-autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-151675 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT APOA5 protein Q6Q788 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255064 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1861 TPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273055 GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 EPIQMENsMGTLRTS 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251207 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15209375 t gcesareni "One of the most studied events controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of a of agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-126069 POU4F1 protein Q01851 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9448000 t 2 miannu "The POU domain of Brn-3a and Brn-3b was shown to interact with the DNA-binding domain of the ER. Brn-3-ER interactions also affect transcriptional activity of an ERE-containing promoter, such that in estradiol-stimulated cells, Brn-3b strongly activated the promoter via the ERE, while Brn-3a had a mild inhibitory effect." SIGNOR-241275 tolazoline chemical CHEBI:28502 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258913 CRYBB2 protein P43320 UNIPROT CRYBB3 protein P26998 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16319073 t miannu "At high concentrations or in the lens, βB2-crystallin forms hetero-oligomers with other β-crystallins. These oligomeric β-crystallins further participate in the formation of a supramolecular assembly that is important in lens function-lens transparency." SIGNOR-252152 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser565 VISSSEDsDAENSSS 9606 BTO:0000551 16873060 t llicata "Here we show that ck2 regulates pml protein levels by promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation dependent on direct phosphorylation at ser517." SIGNOR-148310 PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9774674 t lperfetto "In this report, we show that another WD-40 repeat protein, the B_ subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, associates with the cytoplasmic domain of type I TGF-_ receptors. [...] We therefore conclude that B_ specifically and directly associates with the type I receptor cytoplasmic domain in vitro." SIGNOR-227517 MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Lats1 and Lats2 are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases." gcesareni "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1" SIGNOR-169752 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1910 TPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273056 BRSK1 protein Q8TDC3 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser375 ARVLRSKsLCHDEIE 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 15150265 t lperfetto "Hssad1 specifically phosphorylated wee1a, cdc25-c, and -b on ser-642, ser-216, and ser-361 in vitro, respectivelyphosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-124839 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deacetylation Lys70 EGILRRLkKYDNCWL 9606 BTO:0000007 21726808 t lperfetto "Conversely, SIRT2 deacetylates and stabilizes PEPCK1.|Furthermore, coexpression of P300 increased acetylation levels of wild-type PEPCK1, but not PEPCK13K/R, indicating that P300 acts on these lysine residues of PEPCK1" SIGNOR-267599 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17463226 t miannu "Interaction with the ErbB-4 receptors occurs via the WW domains of AIP4/Itch. Functional analyses demonstrate that AIP4/Itch is recruited to the ErbB-4 receptor to promote its polyubiquitination and degradation, thereby regulating stability of the receptor and access of receptor intracellular domains to the nuclear compartment. " SIGNOR-272618 ASB3 protein Q9Y575 UNIPROT TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15899873 t miannu "While the ankyrin repeats of ASB3 interact with the C-terminal 37 amino acids of TNF-R2, the SOCS box of ASB3 is responsible for recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptors Elongins-B/C, leading to TNF-R2 ubiquitination on multiple lysine residues within its C-terminal region. Downregulation of ASB3 expression by a small interfering RNA inhibited TNF-R2 degradation and potentiated TNF-R2-mediated cytotoxicity. The data presented here implicate ASB3 as a negative regulator of TNF-R2-mediated cellular responses to TNF-alpha by direct targeting of TNF-R2 for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-271546 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser313 SLKDFSSsKRMNTGE 9913 BTO:0000259 12519779 t lperfetto "Munc18a is essential for neurotransmitter release by exocytosis and can be phosphorylated by PKC in vitro on Ser-306 and Ser-313. We demonstrate that it is phosphorylated on Ser-313 in response to phorbol ester treatment in adrenal chromaffin cells. Mutation of both phosphorylation sites to glutamate reduces its affinity for syntaxin and so acts as a phosphomimetic mutation." SIGNOR-249186 GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24898252 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. Glycyl- tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. . In this study we report crystal structures of wild type and mutant hGlyRS in complex with tRNA and with small substrates and describe the molecular details of enzymatic recognition of the key tRNA identity elements in the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop." SIGNOR-270479 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001045 11828324 t miannu "Itch promotes Ub conjugation to JunB Molecularly, Itch associated with and induced ubiquitination of JunB, a transcription factor that is involved in TH2 differentiation. However, in Itch−/− T cells under the same conditions, degradation of JunB was markedly delayed." SIGNOR-272619 ELP5 protein Q8TE02 UNIPROT "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28601220 t miannu "Elongator is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex consisting of two sets of six Elp proteins, while homologues of its catalytic subunit Elp3 are found in all the kingdoms of life. Although it was originally described as a transcription elongation factor, cumulating evidence suggests that its primary function is catalyzing tRNA modifications. In humans, defects in Elongator subunits are associated with neurological disorders and cancer." SIGNOR-269712 DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11564735 t gcesareni "Through its binding to p300, dtx1 inhibited transcriptional activation by the neural-specific helix-loop-helix-type transcription factor mash1" SIGNOR-110626 Naltriben chemical CID:5486827 PUBCHEM OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258426 NHLRC1 protein Q6VVB1 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22223637 t miannu "We have also found that malin enhances K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination of dishevelled2 that could lead to its degradation through both proteasome and autophagy. Altogether, our results indicate that malin regulates Wnt signaling pathway through the degradation of dishevelled2 and suggest possible deregulation of Wnt signaling in Lafora disease." SIGNOR-272005 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser84 LTKKRALsISPLSDA 9606 22439934 t gcesareni "In this study, we found that an activated mtor/s6k1 pathway promotes gli1 transcriptional activity and oncogenic function through s6k1-mediated gli1 phosphorylation at ser84, which releases gli1 from its endogenous inhibitor, sufu." SIGNOR-196756 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Thr55 DDIEQWFtEDPGPDE 9606 17245430 t "A specific PP2A regulatory subunit, B56gamma, mediates DNA damage-induced dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55| In this study, we reported that the specific B regulatory subunits of PP2A B56gamma1 and B56gamma3 mediate dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55. Ablation of the B56gamma protein by RNAi, which abolishes the Thr55 dephosphorylation in response to DNA damage, reduces p53 stabilization, Bax expression and cell apoptosis" SIGNOR-248618 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr739 SEGSGTAtPSALITT 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 14593115 t gcesareni "We showed that perifosine activates the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and this activation promotes the phosphorylation of sp1 in known mitogen-activated protein kinase residues (threonine 453 and 739), thereby leading to increased sp1 binding and enhanced p21(waf1/cip1) transcription." SIGNOR-118936 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser726 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK 9606 8810272 t gcesareni "These data demonstrate that adducin is a significant in vivo substrate for pkc or other pma-activated kinases in a variety of cells, and that phosphorylation of adducin occurs in dendritic spines that are believed to respond to external signals by changes in morphology and reorganization of cytoskeletal structures. Ser-726 and ser-713 in the c-terminal marcks-related domains of alpha- and beta-adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites common for pka and pkc." SIGNOR-43744 DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acid anion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57560 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269653 DUSP7 protein Q16829 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10029 BTO:0000246 12907755 t "Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play key roles in switching off tyrosine phosphorylation cascades, such as initiated by cytokine receptors. We have used substrate-trapping mutants of a large set of PTPs to identify members of the PTP family that have substrate specificity for the phosphorylated human GH receptor (GHR) intracellular domain. Among 31 PTPs tested, T cell (TC)-PTP, PTP-beta, PTP1B, stomach cancer-associated PTP 1 (SAP-1), Pyst-2, Meg-2, and PTP-H1 showed specificity for phosphorylated GHR" SIGNOR-248726 ruxolitinib chemical CHEBI:66919 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258277 CNOT1 protein A5YKK6 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268300 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser149 VTEPQEEsEEEVEEP 9606 BTO:0001938 27920254 t miannu "We also show that casein kinase 2 phosphorylates G3BP1 at serine 149 in vitro and in cells. These data support a role for casein kinase 2 in regulation of protein synthesis by downregulating stress granule formation through G3BP1.CK2 regulates SG disassembly during stress recovery.G3BP1 is among the strongest SG nucleating proteins, and previous work indicated that G3BP1 phosphorylation at S149 restricts stress granule assembly by partly inhibiting G3BP1 oligomerization" SIGNOR-260748 PTMS protein P20962 UNIPROT NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16150697 t miannu "Macromolecular translocation inhibitor II (MTI-II), which was first identified as an in vitro inhibitor of binding between the highly purified glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and isolated nuclei, is an 11.5-kDa Zn2+-binding protein that is also known as ZnBP or parathymosin. MTI-II Enhances GR-dependent Transcription through Its Acidic Domain. MTI-II Enhances GR-dependent Transcription in Cooperation with SRC-1 and p300 in Vivo. CBP and p300 Coprecipitate with MTI-II in a Glucocorticoid Hormone-dependent Manner. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that in the presence of glucocorticoid hormone, p300 and CREB-binding protein are coprecipitated with MTI-II. Furthermore, the knockdown of endogenous MTI-II by RNAi reduces the transcriptional activity of GR in cells." SIGNOR-268462 DAGLB protein Q8NCG7 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26787883 t miannu "Diacylglycerol lipases (DAGL√鬱 and DAGL√é¬≤) convert diacylglycerol to the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol." SIGNOR-264263 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2." SIGNOR-201327 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18922473 t gcesareni "We report here that TRAF6 is specifically required for the Smad-independent activation of JNK and p38 and its carboxyl TRAF homology domain physically interacts with TGF-² receptors" SIGNOR-241918 TGFB2 protein P61812 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252283 IER3 protein P46695 UNIPROT PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16456541 t gcesareni "Iex-1 binds to b56 subunits and perk independently, enhances b56 phosphorylation by erk at a conserved ser/pro site in this complex and triggers dissociation from the catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-144309 UBXN8 protein O00124 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 21949850 t SARA "The human protein named Rep8 or Ubxd6 as a new cofactor of p97. Rep8 tethers p97 to the ER membrane for efficient ER-associated degradation." SIGNOR-261002 CYP2D6 protein P10635 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Under specific conditions, dopamine can also be synthesized by a minor pathway, in which L-tyrosine is converted into p-tyramine (mediated by AADC), with subsequent hydroxylation to dopamine by the enzyme CYP2D6 (Cytochrome P450 2D6) which is found in the substantia nigra of human brain¬†" SIGNOR-263996 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20162623 f Indirect:regulation miannu "Our results demonstrate that activin A induced Hb synthesis and promoter activation of the specific erythroid gene, ζ-globin, through p38α and p38β isoforms and their activator, MKK6 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6)." SIGNOR-251837 SLC12A5 protein Q9H2X9 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 26951057 t miannu "As shown in Fig. 2, the intracellular Cl− concentration is regulated mainly by two cation-chloride cotransporters, NKCC1 and KCC2 [32]. NKCC1 imports Cl− whereas KCC2 extrudes intracellular Cl−." SIGNOR-264987 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 17317136 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-153402 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 GRRIRELtAVVQKRF 10116 BTO:0003060 20605787 t miannu "Here, we show that human RPS3 is a physiological target of Akt kinase and a novel mediator of neuronal apoptosis. NGF stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of threonine 70 of RPS3 by Akt, and this phosphorylation was required for Akt binding to RPS3.our experiment demonstrated that Akt up-regulates the endonuclease activity of RPS3 via phosphorylation and led us to believe that Akt phosphorylation of RPS3 after DNA damage is an antiapoptotic signal or a molecular switch that extends the life of a cell after DNA damage." SIGNOR-259815 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr202 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 10116 7535768 t "Dephosphorylation and Inactivation of ERKs|ERK1 phosphorylated on either threonine (ERK1*Y204F) or tyrosine alone (ERK1*T202A) was utilized as a substrate for HVH2. Threonine 202 and tyrosine 204 in ERK1 (53) correspond to threonine 183 and tyrosine 185 in ERK2 which are the activation-phosphorylation sites by MEK(14, 15, 16). ERK1*, a kinase-deficient mutant, was phosphorylated on both threonine and tyrosine by MEK2 (Fig. 3B). ERK1*T202A, having threonine 202 substituted by an alanine, was phosphorylated only on tyrosine while ERK1*Y204F, having tyrosine 204 substituted by a phenylalanine, was phosphorylated only on threonine (Fig. 3B). GST-HVH2 dephosphorylated all three ERK1* mutants (Fig. 3A), suggesting that double phosphorylations of adjacent threonine and tyrosine were not a prerequisite for HVH2 recognition. However, HVH2 dephosphorylated ERK1* and ERK1*T202A more efficiently than ERK1*Y204F (Fig. 3A), indicating that HVH2 preferred phosphotyrosine over phosphothreonine. Interestingly, MEK also phosphorylated tyrosine residues more efficiently than threonine residues of ERK" SIGNOR-248715 Guanfacine chemical CHEBI:5558 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258920 PPP1R9A protein Q9ULJ8 UNIPROT ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001976 15996550 t miannu "The Rho Family GEF Lfc Interacts with Neurabin and Spinophilin. Neurabin and spinophilin are homologous protein phosphatase 1 and actin binding proteins that regulate dendritic spine function. The results obtained in the present study suggest a mechanism by which neurabin or spinophilin contributes to the organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines, and in turn to the regulation of spine morphology, via the activity-dependent recruitment of the Rho-specific GEF Lfc" SIGNOR-269177 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258014 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30739093 t miannu "OT binds to its cognate G protein–coupled receptor (OTR) and exerts diverse effects, including stimulation (Gs) or inhibition (Gi/o) of adenylyl cyclase, stimulation of potassium channel currents (Gi), and activation of phospholipase C (Gq)." SIGNOR-270331 IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17063185 t flangone "Interferon- (ifn;type ii ifn) induces reorganization of the ifn-receptor subunits, ifngr1 and ifngr2, activating the janus kinases jak1 and jak2, which are constitutively associated with each subunit, respectively" SIGNOR-150194 sapitinib chemical CHEBI:132986 ChEBI "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000551 20145185 t "AZD8931 has a unique pharmacologic profile providing equipotent EGFR, erbB2, and erbB3 signaling and showing greater antitumor activity than agents with a narrower spectrum of erbB receptor inhibition in specific preclinical models." gcesareni "In vivo, azd8931 inhibited xenograft growth in a range of models while significantly affecting egfr, erbb2, and erbb3 phosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways, apoptosis, and proliferation." SIGNOR-269874 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1166 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL -1 8940173 t miannu "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246244 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SH3RF3 protein Q8TEJ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271039 MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT DCN protein P07585 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Ser240 ISRVDAAsLKGLNNL -1 9148753 t miannu "Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases. These data indicate proteolytic degradation of DCN by MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-7, and suggest the possibility that, under pathophysiological conditions, the digestion by the MMPs may induce tissue reactions mediated by TGF-beta1 released from DCN in the connective tissues." SIGNOR-256353 MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "The c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk)-interacting protein (jip) group of scaffold proteins (jip1, jip2, and jip3) can interact with components of the jnk signaling pathway and potently activate jnk." SIGNOR-134561 CBX3 protein Q13185 UNIPROT ChAHP complex SIGNOR-C407 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0002896 29795351 t miannu "Here we show that ADNP interacts with the chromatin remodeller CHD4 and the chromatin architectural protein HP1 to form a stable complex, which we refer to as ChAHP. Besides mediating complex assembly, ADNP recognizes DNA motifs that specify binding of ChAHP to euchromatin. In conclusion, CHD4, ADNP and HP1β/γ form a stable protein complex, which we refer to as ChAHP." SIGNOR-266753 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2V2 protein Q15819 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271335 EXOC8 protein Q8IYI6 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270791 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 VLSRQITsPVSGING 9606 16351573 t lperfetto "Our results indicate that p38 kinase-mediated ser158 phosphorylation is essential for augmentation of the dna binding and transactivation potential of hnf4alpha" SIGNOR-143046 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr26 SQPHGSVtQSQGSSS -1 12493754 t lperfetto "Plk1 overexpression enhances phosphorylation of Chk2 at Thr-68. Plk1 phosphorylates recombinant Chk2 in vitro." SIGNOR-249180 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT PFDN4 protein Q9NQP4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255507 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT HOXD9 protein P28356 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 8890171 t miannu "We show that HMG1 interacts with proteins encoded by the HOX gene family by establishing protein-protein contacts between the HMG box domains and the HOX homeodomain.ƒ‚‚ The functional role of these interactions was studied using the transcriptional activity of the human HOXD9 protein as a model. HMG1 enhances, in a dose-dependent fashion, the sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro, and the transcriptional activation in a co-transfection assay in vivo, of the HOXD9 protein." SIGNOR-236956 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 19332559 t llicata "Ttk/hmps1 mediates the p53-dependent postmitotic checkpoint by phosphorylating p53 at thr18. phosphorylation at thr18 enhances p53-dependent activation of not only p21 but also lats2, two mediators of the postmitotic checkpoint." SIGNOR-184931 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 2550426 t lperfetto "Our previous studies indicated that amino acid residues 240-250 in the cysteine-rich region of the human insulin receptor alpha-subunit constitute a site in which insulin binds." SIGNOR-23001 LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19107203 t "PPPSPxS motif in LRP6/5 must be phosphorylated." lperfetto "These observations demonstrate that phosphorylated lrp6/5 both recruits and directly inhibits gsk3beta using two distinct portions of its cytoplasmic sequence binding of wnts to the coreceptors frizzled and lrp6/5 leads to phosphorylation of pppspxs motifs in the lrp6/5 intracellular region and the inhibition of gsk3beta bound to the scaffold protein axin.These Observations demonstrate that phosphorylated lrp6/5 both recruits and directly inhibits gsk3beta using two distinct portions of its cytoplasmic sequence." SIGNOR-227942 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT TRPM1 protein Q7Z4N2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14744763 f miannu "Mice homozygously mutated in MITF showed a dramatic decrease in TRPM1 expression. Finally, the slope of TRPM1 induction by MITF was particularly steep compared with other MITF target genes, suggesting it is a sensitive indicator of MITF expression and correspondingly of melanocytic differentiation." SIGNOR-254588 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15657420 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The formation of rsk-nfatc4-dna transcription complex is also apparent upon adipogenesis. Bound rsk phosphorylates ser(676) and potentiates nfatc4 dna binding by escalating nfat-dna association. Ser(676) is also targeted by the erk map kinase, which interacts with nfat at a distinct region than rsk. Thus, integration of the erk/rsk signaling pathway provides a mechanism to modulate nfatc4 transcription activity." SIGNOR-270047 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1443 DKMKKSKsVKEDSNL 9606 15355962 t gcesareni "Using a mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that egf induces phosphorylation of iqgap1 ser(1443), a residue known to be phosphorylated by pkcthe nonphosphorylatable iqgap1 s1441a/s1443a had no effect. In contrast, the s1441e/s1443d mutation markedly enhanced the ability of iqgap1 to induce neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-128718 TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT SFN protein P31947 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 12075357 t miannu "Here we show that Efp is a RING-finger-dependent ubiquitin ligase (E3) that targets proteolysis of 14-3-3 sigma, a negative cell cycle regulator that causes G2 arrest." SIGNOR-271548 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu53 RYNSGKLeEFVQGNL 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263686 CBS protein P35520 UNIPROT "L-serine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:33384 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23981774 t lperfetto "Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of homocysteine with serine to generate cystathionine." SIGNOR-275829 GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24898252 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. Glycyl- tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. . In this study we report crystal structures of wild type and mutant hGlyRS in complex with tRNA and with small substrates and describe the molecular details of enzymatic recognition of the key tRNA identity elements in the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop." SIGNOR-270478 MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT "Myog/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C94 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t miannu "Upon the expression of myogenin, myogenin, mef2d, and brg1 localize to the myogenin promoter to maintain myogenin expression./ Swi/snf chromatin-remodeling activity is required for myogenin expression in differentiated skeletal muscle" SIGNOR-151679 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163250 NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262068 GPHA2 protein Q96T91 UNIPROT TSHR protein P16473 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12045258 t gcesareni "Recombinant a2/b5 heterodimeric glycoproteins, purified using cation exchange and size fractionation chromatography, activated human tsh receptors, but not lh and fsh receptors, and showed high affinity to tsh receptors in a radioligand receptor assay" SIGNOR-88614 MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 14630949 f lperfetto "Neither GEF nor MEF2A alone significantly activated GLUT4 promoter activity, but increased promoter activity 4- to 5-fold when expressed together." SIGNOR-271692 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT ADAM9 protein Q13443 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000007 22632802 t Giulio "Here we show that MT1-MMP forms a complex with FGFR2 and ADAM9 in osteoblasts and proteolytically inactivates ADAM9|Western blotting using antibodies against ectodomain of ADAM9 detected a fragment (around 26 kDa) of ADAM9 in the conditioned culture medium from cells cotransfected with wild-type MT1-MMP, but not in that with catalytic activity-dead MT1-MMP (Figure 6A, top)." SIGNOR-260301 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser153 SMTDFYHsKRRLIFS 10090 15851482 t lperfetto "Mirk exerts its anti-apoptotic effects during muscle differentiation at least in part through effects on the cell cycle inhibitor and pro-survival molecule p21cip1. Overexpression and rna interference experiments demonstrated that mirk phosphorylates p21 within its nuclear localization domain at ser-153 causing a portion of the typically nuclear p21 to localize in the cytoplasm.Translocation to the cytoplasm enables p21 to block apoptosis through inhibitory interaction with pro-apoptotic molecules." SIGNOR-235635 MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "Neurofibrillary tangle formation" phenotype SIGNOR-PH58 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 11578751 f lperfetto "Tau is a multifunctional microtubule-associated protein that plays major roles in the assembly of microtubules, the stabilization of microtubules against dynamic instability, and in bridging these polymers with other cytoskeletal filaments 43, 44, 45, 46 and 47. In normal brain, the equilibrium between phosphorylations and dephosphorylations of tau modulates the stability of the cytoskeleton and consequently axonal morphology. The earliest modification found in Alzheimer brains consists of hyperphosphorylations on tau by the action of different protein kinase and phosphatase systems that appear to lead to structural and conformational changes in this protein, thus affecting its binding with tubulin and the capacity to promote microtubule assembly" SIGNOR-251639 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 11875057 t gcesareni "In response to ionizing radiation (ir), atm, the gene product mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, stabilizes and activates p53 through phosphorylation of ser15 and (indirectly) ser20. Here we show that phosphorylation of p53 on ser46, a residue important for p53 apoptotic activity, as well as on ser9, in response to ir also is dependent on the atm protein kinase. one pathway involves the phosphorylation of p53 and its negative regulator mdm2 by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) and chk2 causing p53 activation and stabilization." SIGNOR-115344 CKB protein P12277 UNIPROT N-phosphocreatine smallmolecule CHEBI:17287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265787 SIX1 protein Q15475 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 9826681 f gcesareni "We have demonstrated by studies of transgenic mice the importance of the mef3 motif present in the myogeninpromoter for its activation and have characterized the mef3 binding activity as consisting of two skeletal-muscle specific members of the six family, six1 and six4." SIGNOR-62104 MMP25 protein Q9NPA2 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asn109 CGNPDVAnYNFFPRK -1 14583471 t miannu "Direct activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 by leukolysin/membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase/matrix metalloproteinase 25 at the asn(109)-Tyr bond. Leukolysin Cleaves ProMMP-2 at Asn66-Leu and Asn109-Tyr." SIGNOR-256345 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr698 KSIQATLtPSAMKSS 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3. All four sites are followed by a proline residue. We have shown that purified cyclin b-cdk1 (cyclindependent kinase 1) phosphorylates these sitesalanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase." SIGNOR-216809 APH1B protein Q8WW43 UNIPROT NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12297508 t gcesareni "By using co-immunoprecipitation and nickel affinity pull-down approaches, we now show that mammalian aph-1 (maph-1), a conserved multipass membrane protein, physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human cell lines and in rat brain.These data indicate that maph-1 is probably a functional component of the gamma-secretase complex" SIGNOR-93307 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CCR3 protein P51677 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16604092 f miannu "Rosmarinic acid also inhibited TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB-alpha, as well as nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB heterodimer induced by TNF-alpha. This suggests that rosmarinic acid downregulates the expression of CCL11 and CCR3 via the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation signaling." SIGNOR-254660 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR VPS11 protein Q9H270 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271125 HPX protein P02790 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 20617898 f Regulation miannu "The endogenous molecule hemoglobin and its derivative heme are often released into tissue compartments where there is infection in the presence of degrading blood. We found that hemoglobin synergizes with multiple TLR agonists to induce high levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 from macrophages and that this synergy is independent of TLR4 and MyD88. In contrast, heme synergized with some but not all TLR agonists studied. Furthermore, the synergy of both hemoglobin and heme with lipopolysaccharide was suppressed by hemopexin, a plasma heme-binding protein." SIGNOR-251811 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT CD80 protein P33681 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000776 12860928 f "Upon CD40 signaling, transcription of the CD80 gene is induced by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factor. Our results show that BCL6 prevents CD40-induced expression of CD80 by binding its promoter region in vivo and suppressing its transcriptional activation by NF-kappaB. Consistent with a physiologic role for BCL6 in suppressing CD80, the expression of these two genes is mutually exclusive in B cells, and BCL6-defective mice show increased expression of CD80 in B cells." SIGNOR-253934 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT HIRA protein P54198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr555 LSPSVLTtPSKIEPM 9606 BTO:0001938 SIGNOR-C16 11238922 t lperfetto "Hira bound to and was phosphorylated by cyclin a- and e-cdk2 in vitrohira became phosphorylated on threonine 555 in s phase when cyclin-cdk2 kinases are active.ectopic expression of hira in cells caused arrest in s phase and this is consistent with the notion that it is a cyclin-cdk2 substrate that has a role in control of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-105548 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21078818 t gcesareni "Ligands such as wnt1, wnt3a, and wnt8 couple the seventransmembrane domain receptor frizzled (fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (lrp5/6) to activate wnt?Beta-catenin signaling." SIGNOR-169648 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2Q1 protein Q7Z7E8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271338 TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257139 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine chemical CHEBI:48518 ChEBI CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8754811 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3 preadipocytes into adipocytes is accompanied by a transient induction of c/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta expression in response to treatment of the cells with methylisobutylxanthine (mix) and dexamethasone (dex), respectively" SIGNOR-43310 AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 18940592 t Luana "Specifically, PAP dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and activates A1-adenosine receptors in dorsal spinal cord." SIGNOR-269738 STK38L protein Q9Y2H1 UNIPROT STK38L protein Q9Y2H1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser282 NRRQLAYsTVGTPDY 9606 BTO:0000007 16314523 t lperfetto "Ndr1/ndr2 protein kinase is activated by phosphorylation on the activation loop phosphorylation site ser281/ser282 and the hydrophobic motif phosphorylation site thr444/thr442. Autophosphorylation of ndr is responsible for phosphorylation on ser281/ser282, whereas thr444/thr442 is targeted by an upstream kinase. Here we show that mst3, a mammalian ste20-like protein kinase, is able to phosphorylate ndr protein kinase at thr444/thr442. In vitro, mst3 selectively phosphorylated thr442 of ndr2, resulting in a 10-fold stimulation of ndr activity." SIGNOR-142518 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255508 "Naloxone benzoylhydrazone" chemical CID:9601084 PUBCHEM OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258423 CDH11 protein P55287 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265851 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser937 SNLTRSSsSDSIHSV 9606 21525957 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser 402 impedes phosphatase activity of slingshot 1." SIGNOR-173441 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser487 AAISRELsEITTAEA 9606 BTO:0000150 17693255 t gcesareni "Here we show that ikkbeta, a major downstream kinase in the tnfalpha signaling pathway, physically interacts with and phosphorylates tsc1 at ser487 and ser511, resulting in suppression of tsc1phosphorylation of tsc2 (by akt and erk;refs. 28, 29) and tsc1(by ikkbeta;ref. 30) results in the disruption of the tsc1/2 complex, and thereby activates the oncogenic mtor signaling contributing to tumor progression." SIGNOR-157296 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 SIGNOR-C16 10611320 f gcesareni "Tgf-beta treatment resulted in the specific inactivation of cyclin cdk2 complexes caused by absence of the activating thr(160) phosphorylation on cdk2." SIGNOR-73537 CBS protein P35520 UNIPROT "L-cystathionine dizwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58161 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23981774 t lperfetto "Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of homocysteine with serine to generate cystathionine." SIGNOR-275830 "oxotremorine M" chemical CHEBI:38322 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258655 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr479 FSYSASGtA 9606 BTO:0000093 24670654 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of S477 and T479 at the Akt extreme carboxy terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A or mTORC2, under distinct physiological conditions, promotes Akt activation through facilitating, or functionally compensating for, S473 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252453 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM45 protein Q9H8W5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271225 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR EDC3 protein Q96F86 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser161 SFRRRHNsWSSSSRH 10029 BTO:0000246 20051463 t miannu "Together these data show that recombinant EDC3 co-immunoprecipitates with endogenous 14-3-3 isoforms in response to insulin in vivo and is phosphorylated at the putative 14-3-3 binding and AKT phosphorylation site Ser-161. Collectively, these data suggest that Ser-161 in EDC3 is phosphorylated in response to insulin principally by AKT and that this subsequently triggers 14-3-3 binding. Constitutive 14-3-3 binding to EDC3 alters p-body morphology and function" SIGNOR-262631 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser866 TAEVKEDsAYGSQSV 9606 BTO:0000007 11239468 t lperfetto "NIK-induced p100 processing requires phosphorylation of p100 at serines 866 and 870" SIGNOR-105553 BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT USP13 protein Q92995 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003704 21962518 t Giulio "We found that endogenous Beclin1 can interact with USP13 and the interaction was reduced in the presence of spautin-1 (Figure 5C). Interestingly, the DUB activities were significantly increased when USP13 and USP10 coincubated together or with Beclin1 or all 3 proteins together, suggesting the DUB activity can be significantly enhanced when USP13 interacts with its substrate Beclin1 or USP10." SIGNOR-260296 WNT2B protein Q93097 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors andinitiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131780 GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004291 16716349 f Regulation miannu "GDF5 induces ID1 and ID3 in HUVSMC by a smad-dependent, MAPK-independent pathway. GDF5 binds to specific receptors, thereby inducing phosphorylation and translocation of smad1 to the nucleus where it is involved in the regulation of transcription." SIGNOR-251872 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser244 LRASTSKsESSQK 9606 21233202 t lperfetto "In response to mitogenic stimuli, rps6 undergoes ordered c-terminal phosphorylation by p70 s6 kinases and p90 ribosomal s6 kinases on four conserved ser residues (ser-235, ser-236, ser-240, and ser-244) whose modification potentiates rps6 cap binding activity" SIGNOR-171247 STON2 protein Q8WXE9 UNIPROT SYT1 protein P21579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26903854 t miannu " the monomeric adaptor proteins AP180/CALM and stonin-2 are required for the efficient retrieval of synaptobrevin II (sybII) and synaptotagmin-1 respectively .Stonin-2 and AP-2 are also Required for Efficient Synaptotagmin-1 Retrieval.  the monomeric adaptor proteins AP180/CALM and stonin-2 are required for the efficient retrieval of synaptobrevin II (sybII) and synaptotagmin-1 respectively." SIGNOR-264115 SEPTIN6 protein Q14141 UNIPROT SEPT6/SEPT2 complex SIGNOR-C71 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16914550 t miannu "We have characterized the conformation of a complex of filamentous human septins, sept2, sept6, and sept7. / we now show that sept6 and sept7 interact through a parallel coiled-coil, and that sept2 interacts with sept6 through their c-terminal domains." SIGNOR-148892 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12809513 t "inferred from family member" llicata "We concluded that serine 142 of the tr dbd is the likely site of phosphorylation by t(4)-activated mapk and that the docking site on tr for activated mapk includes residues 128-133 (kgffrr), a basic amino acid-enriched motif novel for mapk substrates. Tr mutations in the proposed mapk docking domain and at residue 142 modulated t(4)-conditioned shedding of co-repressor and recruitment of co-activator proteins by the receptor, and they altered transcriptional activity of tr in a thyroid hormone response element-luciferase reporter assay." SIGNOR-270303 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 12835716 f gcesareni "These results suggest that e2f1 and cyclin a2 may be induced by c-myc to mediate the onset of mammary cancer, whereas overexpression of cyclins d1 and e may occur later to facilitate tumor progression." SIGNOR-102728 EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257254 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270404 TAGAP protein Q8N103 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260523 PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256789 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19861538 t miannu "The BRAFV600E oncogene induces transforming growth factor beta secretion leading to sodium iodide symporter repression and increased malignancy in thyroid cancer. BRAF induces TGFβ secretion leading to NIS repression in a MEK-ERK–independent manner but cooperating with the MEK-ERK pathway to induce strong tumor invasion, two major traits acquired during PTC progression." SIGNOR-251989 HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257323 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser402 GSLERSQsRKDSLDD 9534 BTO:0000298 9353340 t lperfetto " Phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of the Ser394 and Ser400 as well as GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the Ser404, Ser408, and Ser410, resulted in the desensitization of alpha1BAR-mediated inositol phosphate response. " SIGNOR-248986 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000938 20012177 t lperfetto "There is a strong cyto-protective role of PINK1 in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis via different mechanisms. Overexpression of wild-type PINK1 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stabilizes respiring mitochondrial networks through various mechanisms that include maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing basal and neurotoxin-induced ROS, suppression of cytochrome c release, reversal of toxin-induced fission, and suppression of autophagy" SIGNOR-249704 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser96 KTQLNPTsLQKLFRE 9606 15319445 t gcesareni "Here we show that the protein kinase cdc25 c-associated kinase 1 (c-tak1) is a binding partner and a substrate of pim-1." SIGNOR-259432 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT BIK protein Q13323 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19637194 f irozzo "FBP1 down-regulates cell cycle inhibitors and proapoptotic genes. Interestingly, we also observed the up-regulation of proapoptotic genes following FBP1 knockdown in Hep3B cells. In particular, elevated expression of the Bcl-2 family members Bik and Noxa was detected." SIGNOR-259127 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17110930 t Barakat "Upon TNFα stimulation, MEKK1, ASK1, and TAK1 phosphorylate and activate MKK7, which in turn activates JNK" SIGNOR-274148 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT ATXN10 protein Q9UBB4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr82 ASSLQLItECFRCLR 9606 21857149 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ataxin-10 by polo-like kinase 1 is required for cytokinesis. Plk1 phosphorylates ataxin-10 at s77 and t82 in vitro. we found that ataxin-10 is ubiquitinated, and is subject to proteasome-dependent degradation, which is delayed in the 2a mutant. We propose a model in which plk1 phosphorylation of ataxin-10 influences its degradation and cytokinesis" SIGNOR-176126 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR ATN1 protein P54259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 12812981 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy protein is phosphorylated by c-jun nh2-terminal kinase. serine 734 of the drpla protein is a phospho-acceptor site by jnk. The phosphorylation may be coupled to the activation of a protease. The molecular size of drpla protein detected in the rat brain with the specific phosphopeptide antibody was 150_kda, which was slightly smaller than that expected from the sequence and the results with the human protein. The phosphorylated forms of ha-tagged human drpla gradually disappeared after osmotic treatment," SIGNOR-269978 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr696 ARQSRRStQGVTLTD -1 12030846 t miannu "MYPT1 was phosphorylated by ILK and phosphorylation sites in the N- and C-terminal fragments of MYPT1 were detected. From sequence analyses, three sites were identified: a primary site at Thr(709), and two other sites at Thr(695) and Thr(495). ILK produced an intermediate level of inhibition" SIGNOR-262886 GPC6 protein Q9Y625 UNIPROT WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31756413 t miannu "GPC6 binds to Wnt5a and inhibits its release from producing cells. Based on theseresults, and in our finding that GPC6 inhibits non-canonical Wnt signaling in the developing intestine,we tested the hypothesis that GPC6 binds to Wnt5aat the surface of the Wnt5a-producing mesenchymalcells and restrains its release from them." SIGNOR-264030 CDC42BPA protein Q5VT25 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 19851336 t lperfetto "More than a dozen kinases have been reported to phosphorylate the rlcs of nm ii (fig. 2), including myosin light chain kinase (mlck;also known as mylk), rho-associated, coiled coil-containing kinase (rock), citron kinase, leucine zipper interacting kinase (zipk;also known as dapk3) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related cdc42-binding kinase (mrck;also known as cdc42bp)6,34,45,46. These kinases phosphorylate rlcs on ser19, thr18 or both, to relieve the inhibition imposed on the myosin molecule by unphosphorylated rlcs and the head_head interaction outlined above." SIGNOR-188781 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT MAD2L1 protein Q13257 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 20383198 f lperfetto "We also show that this kinase might also participate in the maintenance of the SAC in mammalian cells as Rsk2 knockdown in these cells prevents the kinetochore localization of Mad1, Mad2 and CENP-E under checkpoint conditions." SIGNOR-252039 reserpine chemical CHEBI:28487 ChEBI SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000318 8643547 t miannu "Reserpine and ketanserin are slightly more potent inhibitors of VMAT2-mediated transport than of VMAT1-mediated transport, whereas tetrabenazine binds to and inhibits only VMAT2." SIGNOR-258490 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser378 SKKGQSTsRHKKLMF 9606 15659650 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation by chk1 of at least three of these sites, Ser366, Ser378, and Thr387, was induced by DNA damage." SIGNOR-217857 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C85 12857866 t gcesareni "Smad6 also inhibits bmp signaling by forming a complex with smad1 and by interfering with complex formation between smad1 and smad4" SIGNOR-103621 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT BAG4 protein O95429 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 18413740 f lperfetto "In contrast, an increase in BAG-1, BAG-3, and BAG-4 gene expression was observed in HCT116 cells overexpressing either DNMT1 (DNMT1+) or DNMT3B (DNMT3B+)" SIGNOR-254112 KCTD10 protein Q9H3F6 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004790 30404837 t miannu "Cullin-3-KCTD10-mediated CEP97 degradation promotes primary cilium formation. we identified the cullin-3-RBX1-KCTD10 complex as the E3 ligase that mediates CEP97 degradation and removal from the mother centriole." SIGNOR-272924 RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT H1-2 protein P16403 UNIPROT down-regulates polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000815 30517763 t miannu "ITCH biochemically antagonized RNF168 and RNF8 in polyubiquitination of histone H1.2 ITCH interacts with and ubiquitinates linker histone H1.2 at K46. ITCH biochemically competes with RNF168 and RNF8 to polyubiquitinate histone H1.2. Both RNF168 and RNF8 elicited higher Ubn levels of K46R-H1.2 compared to WT-H1.2, suggesting that Ubn of H1.2 by both E3 ligases occurs at a site apart from K46." SIGNOR-272927 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR USP37 protein Q86T82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser628 MVNSCITsPSTPSKK 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 21596315 t lperfetto "There is positive reinforcement of this signaling mechanism because phosphorylation of Ser628 by CDK2/cyclin E and CDK2/cyclin A complexes produces maximal USP37 activity" SIGNOR-265053 FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t areggio "Upon ligand binding, DVL proteins are recruited to Frizzled receptors at the plasma membrane and co-recruit cytoplasmic transducers, such as Axin, CK1 and GSK3 binding protein (GBP), presumably along with their partners, to promote ?-catenin-dependent signalling. " SIGNOR-258959 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 15856019 t milica "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13." SIGNOR-236988 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PIN4 protein Q9Y237 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 AGKGGAAsGSDSADK 9606 BTO:0000567 12860119 t lperfetto "As proved by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and MS/MS fragmentation, hPar14 is phosphorylated at Ser19 in vitro and in vivo. In human HeLa cells the protein is most likely modified by casein kinase 2 (CK2). |In contrast to wild-type hPar14, the in vitro DNA-binding affinity of the Glu19 mutant is strongly reduced, suggesting that only the dephosphorylated protein is the active DNA-binding form of hPar14 in the nucleus." SIGNOR-265753 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 EWEAQRDsHLGPHRS 9606 14576165 t lperfetto "A phosphorylation site at serine residue 346 was identified that is selectively phosphorylated by PKC but not by PKA. This site is localized within a recognition motif for caspases, and phosphorylation strongly inhibits proteolytic processing of PS1 by caspase activity during apoptosis." SIGNOR-249239 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269254 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT GTF2A1L protein Q9UNN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser423 LNSGDDVsEQDVPDL -1 12107178 t llicata "ALF was able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA, but it could not stabilize TBP mutants A184E, N189E, E191R, and R205E nor could it facilitate binding of the TBP-like factor TRF2/TLF to a consensus TATA element. However, phosphorylation of ALF with casein kinase II resulted in the partial restoration of complex formation using mutant TBPs. | Because the residues involved (Ser-280, Ser-281, Ser-316, and Ser-321) are conserved in ALF (Ser-356, Ser-357, Ser-418, and Ser-423), we tested whether its activity might also be affected by this modification. We first showed that ALF and TFIIAα/β polypeptides incubated with casein kinase II and [γ-32P]ATP could be labeled." SIGNOR-250994 NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255996 CRB3 protein Q9BUF7 UNIPROT AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000150 21145499 t milica "Interestingly, knockdown of crb3, which facilitates crumbs complex assembly and localization to the apical junctions disrupted taz/yap interaction with multiple components of the complex, whereas the other knockdowns only disrupted their respective interaction." SIGNOR-170399 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT SCF-FBW2 complex SIGNOR-C525 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15640526 t miannu "FBW2 targets GCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. Here, we report the identification of an SCF complex as the GCM ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) that regulates human GCMa (hGCMa) degradation. We found that SKP1 and CUL1, two key components of the SCF complex, associate with hGCMa in vivo. We further identify the human F-box protein FBW2 (hFBW2) as the substrate recognition subunit in the SCF E3 complex for hGCMa. We show that hFBW2 interacts with hGCMa in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes hGCMa ubiquitination. Supporting a critical role for hFBW2 in hGCMa degradation, knockdown of hFBW2 expression by RNA interference leads to a reduction in hGCMa ubiquitination and a concomitant increase in hGCMa protein stability. Our study identifies the SCF(hFBW2) E3 complex as the key machinery that targets hGCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system" SIGNOR-271527 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1941 SPKGSTYsPTSPGYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273059 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT KIF1A protein Q12756 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 30021165 t miannu "To better understand how KIF1A-driven dense core vesicle (DCV) transport is regulated, we identified the KIF1A interactome and focused on three binding partners, the calcium binding protein calmodulin (CaM) and two synaptic scaffolding proteins: liprin-α and TANC2. We showed that calcium, acting via CaM, enhances KIF1A binding to DCVs and increases vesicle motility. In contrast, liprin-α and TANC2 are not part of the KIF1A-cargo complex but capture DCVs at dendritic spines. we can conclude that TANC2 and liprin-α are enriched in dendritic spines and interact with various synaptic proteins. TANC2 and Liprin-α2 Act as Immobile Postsynaptic Posts Able to Recruit KIF1A in a Subset of Dendritic Spines" SIGNOR-266890 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT ITGA3 protein P26006 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001596 1744142 f lperfetto "TGF-beta 1 decreases the biosynthesis of alpha 3 subunit but increases the production of alpha 2 subunit. IL-1 beta potentiates the effects of TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, in the presence of TGF-beta 1 the increase in the expression of alpha 1 subunit by IL-1 beta is even larger. Thus, IL-1 beta and TGF-beta 1, which usually have antagonistic functions in connective tissue, can regulate integrin expression in a synergistic way." SIGNOR-253355 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT PHYHIPL protein Q96FC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261659 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15618519 t gcesareni "We find that two molecules interact with mammalian smo in an activation-dependent manner: g protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (grk2) leads to phosphorylation of smo, and beta-arrestin 2 fused to green fluorescent protein interacts with smo. Ck1a, grk2, and another still-unidentified protein kinase phosphorylate the c-tail of mammalian smo in the presence of hh proteins" SIGNOR-132669 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 EERQTQRsKPQPAVP 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t esanto "Pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation. The use of p47phox mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc?, ???, And ?." SIGNOR-89237 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser180 GSSASFIsDTFSPYT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248515 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites." SIGNOR-236675 "SKA complex" complex SIGNOR-C364 SIGNOR "Ndc80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C361 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization -1 22483620 t lperfetto "The Ska complex is an essential mitotic component required for accurate cell division in human cells. It is composed of three subunits that function together to establish stable kinetochore-microtubule interactions in concert with the Ndc80 network. |We discuss how this symmetric architecture might complement and stabilize the Ndc80-microtubule attachments" SIGNOR-265225 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser311 SFRTPRDsKLEAPAE 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163764 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT MAGI2 protein Q86UL8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626542 t miannu "S-SCAM is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of PDZ-domain-containing proteins that include the synaptic organising molecule PSD-95. The PDZ domain of S-SCAM binds to the C-terminal tail of NL2, forming a ternary complex at the cell membrane (Figure 2b). The DGC is potentially recruited to the postsynaptic membrane though a direct neurexin–dystroglycan interaction and an indirect interaction with NL2 via the synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM." SIGNOR-265444 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser217 AHYSPRTsPIMSPRT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252330 PGM1 protein P36871 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-267931 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271155 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT CYP7A1 protein P22680 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255063 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT SLC19A1 protein P41440 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15652157 t "Collectively, these results identify transcriptionally important regions in the hRFC-C minimal promoter that include a GC-box and CCAAT-box, and suggest that cooperative interactions between Sp1 and C/EBP beta are essential for hRFC-C transactivation." SIGNOR-254053 4-[[5-amino-1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)-oxomethyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:94506 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193534 pimozide chemical CHEBI:8212 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258719 COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT 3-methoxytyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:1582 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-263998 "Non-erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C385 SIGNOR Membrane_disruption phenotype SIGNOR-PH151 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 24302288 f lperfetto "Spectrin is a large, cytoskeletal, and heterodimeric protein composed of modular structure of alpha and beta subunits, it typically contains 106 contiguous amino acid sequence motifs called “spectrin repeats”. Spectrin is crucial for maintaining the stability and structure of the cell membrane and the shape of a cell" SIGNOR-266029 P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257328 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23486913 t "mTORC1 phosphorylation of EIF4EBP1 causes dissociation of the complex allowing EIF4G1/EIF4G3 to bind and consequent initiation of translation." gcesareni "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway." SIGNOR-201541 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser95 IQKQKRRsVNSKIPA 9606 17567953 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the binding of mcak to chromosome arms is also regulated by aurora b and that aurora b-dependent chromosome arm and centromere localization is regulated by distinct two-site phosphoregulatory mechanisms. Mcak association with chromosome arms is promoted by phosphorylation of t95 on mcak, whereas phosphorylation of s196 on mcak promotes dissociation from the arms. Although targeting of mcak to centromeres requires phosphorylation of s110 on mcak, dephosphorylation of t95 on mcak increases the binding of mcak to centromeres." SIGNOR-155890 RAB6C protein Q9H0N0 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 20360680 f miannu "We show that BICDR-1 interacts with the dynein/dynactin motor complex, binds to kinesin-3 motor protein Kif1C and controls the pericentrosomal localization of Rab6-positive secretory vesicles." SIGNOR-266882 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 t gcesareni "Well-described targets of srebp-1 and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (chrebp), which include the following: fatty acid synthase (fas), acetyl coa carboxylase (acc1), and liver pyruvate kinase (l-pk)" SIGNOR-142297 MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex SIGNOR-C147 SIGNOR UFL1 protein O94874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001938 30886146 t lperfetto "UFM1 specific ligase 1 (UFL1), an ufmylation E3 ligase, is important for ATM activation. UFL1 is recruited to double strand breaks by the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex, and monoufmylates histone H4 following DNA damage." SIGNOR-265074 FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257246 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser740 SFTALDWsWLQTEEE 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 10195894 t lperfetto "Once activated, ikkbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased ikk activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response" SIGNOR-236048 PI4K2A protein Q9BTU6 UNIPROT CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser984 ALALCSGsFPTDKEE 9606 18082599 t gcesareni "These results indicate that plx1 phosphorylates claspin on s934, which is relatively close to the plx1-docking site at t906. Human claspin also contains a serine at position 984 in a homologous sequence" SIGNOR-159937 RNF2 protein Q99496 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C408 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31608994 t miannu "PRC1 has been categorised into canonical and noncanonical/variant PRC1; canonical PRC1 (Morey, Aloia, Cozzuto, Benitah, & Di Croce, 2013) includes chromobox (Cbx) proteins, Ring1, human polyhomeotic homologue protein (Hph) and polycomb ring finger (Pcgf) (Pcgf2/Mel18 and Pcgf4/Bmi1) proteins whereas noncanonical/variant PRC1 involves RING1 and YY1 binding protein (Rybp), Ring1 and Pcgf (Pcgf 1–6) proteins (Wu, Johansen, & Helin, 2013). Figure 3 illustrates the various proteins that form the canonical and noncanonical PRC1. The Ring1 along with Pcgf2/4 forms a core heterodimer which interacts with other accessory components of PRC1 complex through C‐terminal ring finger and WD40 ubiquitin‐like (RAWUL) domains see Figure 4b" SIGNOR-266811 MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT FIS1 protein Q9Y3D6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 16874301 t Barakat "MITOL associates with and ubiquitinates mitochondrial fission protein hFis1. (A) Ubiquitination of hFis1 by MITOL. Thus, MITOL may control the protein expression level of hFis1 through the ubiquitin‚Äìproteasome pathway." SIGNOR-274141 ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253206 MBD2 protein Q9UBB5 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263835 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248306 CDK18 protein Q07002 UNIPROT CyclinA2/CDK18 complex SIGNOR-C547 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 33781185 t lperfetto "PCTAIRE kinases (PCTKs) are a CDK subfamily, characterized by serine to cysteine mutation in the consensus PSTAIRE motif, involved in binding to the cyclin. One member of this class is PCTK3, which has two isoforms (a and b) and is also known as CDK18. After being activated by cyclin A2 or phosphorylation at Ser12 by PKA, PCTK3 can perform several functions." SIGNOR-273436 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t miannu "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-132916 FOXP2 protein O15409 UNIPROT RELN protein P78509 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25232744 t miannu "By interacting with CASK, TBR1 regulates several ASD candidate genes, such as GRIN2B, AUTS2 and RELN—all of which are recurrently mutated in ASD. In areas of the brain with overlapping expression patterns, such as in glutamatergic layer 6 neurons, the TBR1–FOXP2 interaction may result in co-ordinated regulation of common downstream targets." SIGNOR-266833 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 9606 16160006 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on ser-10 is the major site of phosphorylation in resting cells, takes place at the g(0)-g1 phase and leads to protein stability.p27(kip1) was phosphorylated by v-cyclin-cdk6 predominantly on ser10, which enhances its cytoplasmic localization." SIGNOR-140401 CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264490 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT RBM4 protein Q9BWF3 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16934801 t miannu "Wilm's tumor protein 1 (wt1), a protein implicated in various cancers and developmental disorders, consists of two major isoforms: wt1(-kts), a transcription factor, and wt1(+kts), a post-transcriptional regulator that binds to rna and can interact with splicing components. Here we show that wt1 interacts with the novel splicing regulator rbm4. / we conclude that the (+kts) form of wt1 is able to inhibit the effect of rbm4 on alternative splicing." SIGNOR-149166 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255094 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 BTO:0000093 11258706 t lperfetto "P38 regulates p53, but also in p53-defective tumor cells rewire their checkpoint response and become dependent in the p38/mk2 pathway in mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-105741 CAPRIN2 protein Q6IMN6 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 35051932 t lperfetto "Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin gene expression by CREB3L1 and CAPRIN2|Altogether, the data indicate that CAPRIN2 binds Oxt mRNA |Therefore, we propose that CAPRIN2 facilitates post-transcriptional modifications that increase Oxt transcript stability." SIGNOR-268556 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 9606 9445476 t miannu "A regulatory link between p70s6k and pkb was demonstrated, as pdk1 was found to selectively phosphorylate p70s6k at thr229. More importantly, pdk1 activated p70s6k in vitro and in vivo, whereas the catalytically inactive pdk1 blocked insulin-induced activation of p70s6k." SIGNOR-188911 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32283152 f miannu "High levels of expression of IL-1B, IFN-γ, IP-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) have been detected in patients with COVID-19. These inflammatory cytokines may activate the T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell response. Th1 activation is a key event in the activation of specific immunity." SIGNOR-261024 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11274341 t lperfetto "The neurohypophysial peptide oxytocin (OT) and OT-like hormones facilitate reproduction in all vertebrates at several levels. The major site of OT gene expression is the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. In response to a variety of stimuli such as suckling, parturition, or certain kinds of stress, the processed OT peptide is released from the posterior pituitary into the systemic circulation.| The OT receptor is a typical class I G protein-coupled receptor that is primarily coupled via G(q) proteins to phospholipase C-beta." SIGNOR-268545 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0001544 19261608 t "The Abl kinase inhibitors and depletion of Bcr-Abl induced the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, which dephosphorylated Ser-473 on Akt1, -2, and -3, resulting in inhibited proliferation of CML cells.|Thus, Bcr-Abl represses the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 and continuously activates Akt1, -2, and -3 via phosphorylation on Ser-473, resulting in the proliferation of CML cells." SIGNOR-248728 COPS5 protein Q92905 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11818334 t gcesareni "We report a novel mechanism of smad4 degradation. Jab1 interacts directly with smad4 and induces its ubiquitylation for degradation" SIGNOR-114697 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f miannu "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions." SIGNOR-260128 SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253449 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000551 11313903 t gcesareni "These neuropeptides, including gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin b, neurotensin, gastrin, cholecystokinin and arginine vasopressin bind seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that couple to heterotrimeric g proteins. Studies with human small cell lung cancer (sclc) cells support a requirement for balanced signaling through g(q) and g(12/13) proteins leading to intracellular ca2+ mobilization, pkc activation and regulation of the erk and jnk map kinase pathways." SIGNOR-107028 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1495 TEEQKKYyNAMKKLG 9606 15831816 t llicata "This study addresses the effects of the src family tyrosine kinase fyn on na(v)1.5 cardiac sodium channels. Sodium currents were acquired by whole cell recording on hek-293 cells transiently expressing na(v)1.5. Acute treatment of cells with insulin caused a depolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation, an effect eliminated by the src-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor pp2 we provide evidence that this linker is a substrate for fyn in vitro, and that y1495 is a preferred phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-135600 clonidine chemical CHEBI:46631 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258905 FRAT1 protein Q92837 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 9635432 t gcesareni "The frat family consists of three members: frat-1, -2, and -3. It has been shown that different sites of frat-1 interact with gsk-3 and dvl-1 and that wnt-1 disintegrates the complex formation of frat-1, dvl-1, and axin, resulting in the activation of the wnt signaling pathway" SIGNOR-58219 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7222 FRSRGRRsKPSSRAA 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264426 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10976919 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr" SIGNOR-270297 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser40 GQGAPGPsLTGSPWP 9606 7901013 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P07101-3" gcesareni "Mitogen-activated protein-kinase (map) kinase-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 (mapkap kinase-1, mapkap kinase-2), were found to phosphorylate bacterially expressed human tyrosine hydroxylaserecombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase (hth1) was found to be phosphorylated by mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (msk1) at ser40 and by p38 regulated/activated kinase (prak) on ser19. Phosphorylation by msk1 induced an increase in vmax" SIGNOR-34682 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CROCC protein Q5TZA2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1460 APRPVPGsPARDAPA 9606 22610972 t llicata "Finally, phosphorylation of tax1bp2 at serine-763 by cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)2 abolished the tax1bp2-mediated p38 activation and tumor-suppressive activity, indicating that tax1bp2 can adapt cdk2 signaling to the p38/p53/p21 pathway." SIGNOR-197593 FBXL18 protein Q96ME1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002268 25654763 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxl18 mediates polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the pro-apoptotic SCF subunit Fbxl7.. Here, we identified that an orphan F-box protein, Fbxl18, targets Fbxl7 for its polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Lys 109 within Fbxl7 is an essential acceptor site for ubiquitin conjugation by Fbxl18." SIGNOR-272449 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT APOC3 protein P02656 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255065 NDUFS8 protein O00217 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The Q-module is built through the association of NDUFA5, NDUFS2 and NDUFS3 plus NDUFS7 and NDUFS8. The chaperones NDUFAF3/C3ORF60 and NDUFAF4/C6ORF66 [36,37] remain bound to this module until the final assembly steps [34]. NDUFAF6/C8ORF38 [38] also seems to participate in the assembly of the Q-module [24,39]. NDUFAF3, 4 and 6, are necessary to maintain normal MT-ND1 synthesis [40,41]. NDUFAF5 adds a hydroxyl group to Arg73 of NDUFS7 [42] and NDUFAF7 dimethylates NDUFS2 in Arg85 [43], an essential modification for cI assembly [44]. NUBPL/IND1 delivers [4Fe–4S] clusters specifically to the N- and Q-module subunits [45,46]." SIGNOR-262182 C1R protein P00736 UNIPROT "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 29449492 t lperfetto "The complement system is part of our innate immune system. The classical complement pathway is triggered by activation of the C1 initiation complex upon binding to cell surfaces. C1, or C1qr2s2, consists of four proteases, C1r and C1s, that associate with C1q, which contains antibody-binding sites.|The reconstruction reveals densities for all C1q collagen-like triple helices and gC1q modules, C1r and C1s proteases" SIGNOR-263395 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr7 tSAARRSY -1 2155236 t miannu "GFAP can serve as a substrate for phosphorylation by CAMP-dependent protein kinase. CAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C phosphorylated Ser-8, Ser-13, and Ser-34.each phosphorylation was shown to induce disassembly of the glial filaments." SIGNOR-249712 Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR IFITMs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF49 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25599080 f miannu "The IFITM (interferon-induced transmembrane) proteins comprise a family of interferon-induced antiviral cell-intrinsic restriction factors with high constitutive expression in many cells, including barrier epithelial cells. As their names imply, the expression of human IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 is also strongly upregulated by both type I and type II interferons" SIGNOR-260220 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1878 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTT 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273060 IRF2 protein P14316 UNIPROT DST protein Q03001 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15560761 f miannu "Transient transfection studies with BPAG1 promoter-luciferase reporter gene plasmids and IRF1 and IRF2 expression plasmids revealed that IRF1 and IRF2 directly down-regulated BPAG1 gene transcription in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes." SIGNOR-254493 TAGLN2 protein P37802 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 21577206 t lperfetto "Taken together, our data propose a novel, oncogene-tumor suppressor interplay, where oncogenic PFTK1 confers HCC cell motility through inactivating the actin-binding motile suppressing function of TAGLN2 via phosphorylation." SIGNOR-265104 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT DGKZ protein Q13574 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser265 SKKKKRAsFKRKSSK 9716136 t lperfetto "Two isoforms of protein kinase C, but not others, regulate the localization of DGK-zeta. |The PSD in MARCKS is phosphorylated by PKC, which suggested that DGK-zeta may also be a substrate for PKC, and that this couldregulate its intracellular location." SIGNOR-249010 BICRA protein Q9NZM4 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269781 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT ING1 protein Q9UK53 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255099 FERMT3 protein Q86UX7 UNIPROT FBLIM1 protein Q8WUP2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 24165133 t miannu "Kindlin binds migfilin tandem LIM domains and regulates migfilin focal adhesion localization and recruitment dynamics. Two integrin-binding proteins present in FAs, kindlin-1 and kindlin-2, are important for integrin activation, FA formation, and signaling. By binding filamin, migfilin provides a link between kindlin and the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-266104 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT ACTG1 protein P63261 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr218 DIKEKLCyVALDFEQ 9606 BTO:0000776 12646642 t gcesareni "Our data suggest that shp-1 plays a pivotal role in reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture inducing actin dephosphorylation. These results clearly demonstrate the direct interaction of shp-1 with actin" SIGNOR-99565 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF222 protein A6NCQ9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271258 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser626 DQTNVLSsTFLSPQC 9606 BTO:0000007 16141410 t "In vitro and in vivo (HEK 293 cells) kinase assays with synthetic peptides and full-length myocardin demonstrated that myocardin was a primed GSK3beta substrate, with serines 455 to 467 and 624 to 636 being the major GSK3beta phosphorylation sites.  GSK3β phosphorylation at the sites identified inhibits myocardin intrinsic transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-251247 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT MINDY3 protein Q9H8M7 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272675 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257330 FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT EFEMP2 protein O95967 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19570982 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "Fibulin-4 and -5 are extracellular glycoproteins with essential non-compensatory roles in elastic fiber assembly. Both fibulins differentially bound N-terminal fibrillin-1, which strongly inhibited their binding to lysyl oxidase and tropoelastin." SIGNOR-251860 CTSL protein P07711 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Arg94 IGFQEAYrRFYGPV -1 9076588 t miannu "This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42." SIGNOR-256322 "Av/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C175 SIGNOR NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253276 GPR35 protein Q9HC97 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257112 KLHL13 protein Q9P2N7 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17543862 t miannu "Aurora B Interacts with the Cul3 Complex during Mitosis and Is Ubiquitylated in a Cul3-Dependent Manner In Vivo and In Vitro. our results suggest that Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 activity is required to remove the chromosomal passenger protein Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, and that Aurora B is ubiquitylated in vivo and in vitro in a KLHL9/13-dependent manner. We conclude that the Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 E3 ligase is an important cell-cycle regulator which, in addition to the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), coordinates mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis." SIGNOR-271657 PSMB3 protein P49720 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263359 Wnt proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF40 SIGNOR LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-269961 YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23230147 t miannu "These results suggest the important role of 14-3-3 in the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly, and in the capacity to prevent the formation of NF-L aggregates. all seven isoforms specifically interacted with NF-L, but not NF-M or NF-H. specific interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with phosphorylated NF-L subunits also indicated the role of 14-3-3 and NF-L phosphorylation in the disassembly of neurofilaments. What is more, binding of 14-3-3 to phosphorylated NF-L subunits may prevent the dephosphorylation of these subunits by phosphatases, maintaining the hyperphosphorylation state of the subunits, which facilitates the disassembly of neurofilaments." SIGNOR-252399 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257905 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1696 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248741 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16714285 t miannu "NLK Augments the Ubiquitylation Activity of NARF against TCF/LEF. ctivation of NLK induced by unknown ligands leads to the phosphorylation of TCF/LEF. NARF then acts on TCF/LEF as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase and, together with E1 and E2 ubiquitylation enzymes, catalyze the ubiquitylation of TCF/LEF. Finally, ubiquitylated TCF/LEF is degraded by the 26 S proteasome." SIGNOR-271596 COX6C protein P09669 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267750 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 22074556 f miannu "We demonstrated that forced expression of SLUG elevated CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression in human prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145, 22RV1, and LNCaP; conversely, reduced expression of SLUG by shRNA downregulated CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression at RNA and protein levels in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of SLUG increased MMP9 expression and activity in PC3, 22RV1, and DU-145 cells, and SLUG knockdown by shRNA downregulated MMP9 expression." SIGNOR-255170 DHODH protein Q02127 UNIPROT (S)-dihydroorotate smallmolecule CHEBI:30864 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30449682 t miannu "OXPHOS directly drives the respiration-coupled mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) that converts dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway" SIGNOR-267430 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT RLIM protein Q9NVW2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 23650532 f lperfetto "In the present study, we identified RLIM as a novel target of p53 and demonstrated that p53 repressed both mRNA and protein levels of RLIM." SIGNOR-268981 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr320 AISDTTTtFCGTPEY 10548550 t miannu "SGK2 and SGK3 are activated in vitro by PDK1, albeit more slowly than SGK1, and their activation is accompanied by the phosphorylation of Thr(193) and Thr(253) respectively. The PDK1-catalysed phosphorylation and activation of SGK2 and SGK3, like SGK1, is greatly potentiated by mutating Ser(356) and Ser(419) respectively to Asp, these residues being equivalent to the C-terminal phosphorylation site of PKB." SIGNOR-250279 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 BTO:0000150 15084260 t gcesareni "Ikkbeta phosphorylates foxo3a at ser644. Ikappab kinase (ikk) physically interacts with, phosphorylates, and inhibits foxo3a independent of akt and causes proteolysis of foxo3a via the ub-dependent proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-252948 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT ETV5 protein P41161 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268886 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1299 SHGPQFGsEVELRHS 9823 BTO:0001176 12386153 t lperfetto "CK2 coprecipitated with ACE from endothelial cells, and CK2 phosphorylated both ACE and a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail. Mutation of serine(1270) within the CK2 consensus sequence almost abolished ACE phosphorylation.|These results indicate that the CK2-mediated phosphorylation of ACE regulates its retention in the plasma membrane and may determine plasma ACE levels." SIGNOR-264425 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C509 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270904 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser86 TKNGLPGsRPGSPER 9606 BTO:0000567 12468530 t llicata "Baculovirus-based expression and purification of Tip60 combined with mass spectrometry allowed the identification of serines 86 and 90 as two major sites of phosphorylation in vivo. The phosphorylation of Tip60 was found to modulate its histone acetyltransferase activity. One of the identified phosphorylated serines, Ser-90, was within a consensus cyclin B/Cdc2 site. Ser-90 was specifically phosphorylatedin vitro by the cyclin B/Cdc2 complex." SIGNOR-250641 SSTR3 protein P32745 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256677 NRG1 protein Q02297 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-122053 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser146 MEPERRDsQDGSSYR 9606 12571245 t lperfetto "Actin binding of human lim and sh3 protein is regulated by cgmp- and camp-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation on serine 146. Phosphorylation of lasp at ser-146 leads to a redistribution of the actin-bound protein from the tips of the cell membrane to the cytosol, accompanied with a reduced cell migration" SIGNOR-97942 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1948 SPTSPGYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273061 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17289999 t gcesareni "Bh3-only proteins induce apoptosis at least primarily by engaging the multiple pro-survival relatives guarding bax and bak enabler bh3-only proteins such as puma promote momp more indirectly. They activate bax and bak by forming inhibitory complexes with the anti-apoptotic bh1-4 proteins such as bcl2, bclxl and mcl1 that normally stabilize the outer membrane." SIGNOR-152974 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 24383088 t miannu "Co-transfection experiments revealed that HIF-2α had greater potency on the GLIS1 promoter activation than HIF-1α. Subsequent studies using wild-type and mutant HIF-2α demonstrated that DNA binding activity was not necessary but TADs were critical for GLIS1 induction. Finally, co-transfection experiments indicated that HIF-2α cooperated with AP-1 family members in upregulating GLIS1 transcription. These results suggest that the hypoxic signaling pathway may play a pivotal role in regulating the reprogramming factor GLIS1, via non-canonical mechanisms involving partner transcription factor rather than by direct HIF transactivation." SIGNOR-269042 PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19224921 f lperfetto "Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation|In addition to CPSF, IRBIT interacted in vitro with poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is the enzyme recruited by CPSF to elongate the poly(A) tail, and inhibited PAP activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268325 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 15367681 t lperfetto "Here we characterize structural and functional determinants of Su(fu) required for Gli regulation and show that Su(fu) contains at least two distinct domains: a highly conserved carboxy-terminal region required for binding to the amino-terminal ends of the Gli proteins and a unique amino-terminal domain that binds the carboxy-terminal tail of Gli1. While each domain is capable of binding to different Gli1 regions independently, interactions between Su(fu) and Gli1 at both sites are required for cytoplasmic tethering and repression of Gli1" SIGNOR-249591 JQ1 chemical CHEBI:137113 ChEBI BRDT protein Q58F21 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20871596 t lperfetto "Enantiomerically pure (+)-JQ1 bound with a Kd of about 50 nM and 90 nM to the first and second bromodomains of BRD4, respectively (Fig. 1c, Supplementary Table 3). Comparable binding to both domains of BRD3 was observed, whereas the first bromodomains of BRDT and BRD2 revealed about 3-fold weaker binding.|Here, we present a first, thoroughly characterized inhibitor of the BET-family of bromodomains." SIGNOR-261990 Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266459 KATNA1 protein O75449 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 19287380 f miannu "Katanin, one of the best-characterized microtubule (MT) severing proteins, is composed of two subunits: catalytic p60-katanin, and regulatory p80-katanin. p60-katanin triggers MT reorganization by severing them. MT reorganization is essential for both mitotic cells and post-mitotic neurons in numerous vital processes such as intracellular transport, mitosis, cellular differentiation and apoptosis. " SIGNOR-271794 MTCP1 protein P56278 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t miannu "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-81677 CB-5083 chemical CID:73051434 PUBCHEM VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 26565666 t miannu "Herein we describe our lead optimization efforts focused on in vitro potency, ADME, and pharmaceutical properties that led to the discovery of a potent, ATP-competitive, D2-selective, and orally bioavailable p97 inhibitor 71, CB-5083." SIGNOR-260189 PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 21918248 t gcesareni "Phospholypase c is an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (p(4,5)p(2)) into second messangers inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (ins(1,4,5)p3) and dag." SIGNOR-176606 TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT dihydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57451 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21876188 t lperfetto "In this pathway, 5,10-methyleneTHF, a one-carbon donor, is generated from serine by SHMT and used for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in a reaction catalyzed by TYMS. The TYMS-catalyzed reaction generates dihydrofolate, which is converted to THF in an NADPH-dependent manner by DHFR." SIGNOR-268232 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001570 23242655 f "Our previous studies demonstrated that mutant p53 along with repression complex proteins including DNMT1, HDAC1 and MeCP2 is associated with ER-negative promoter in MDA-MB-468 cells." SIGNOR-254029 LRP1B protein Q9NZR2 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0002940 27626682 f irozzo "Conversely, in Calu-1 cells, which express higher endogenous levels of the receptor, siRNA-mediated LRP1B knockdown significantly enhanced cellular proliferation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that, consistent with the postulated tumor suppressor function, overexpression of full-length Lrp1b leads to impaired cellular proliferation, while LRP1B knockdown has the opposite effect." SIGNOR-259089 COX5B protein P10606 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_exit phenotype SIGNOR-PH41 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 18701479 f lperfetto "Together, these data suggest that R-cadherin expression inhibits myogenesis and induces myoblast transformation through Rac1 activation. Therefore, the properties of R-cadherin make it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in RMS.|R-cadherin expression inhibits myoblast cell cycle exit" SIGNOR-253105 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1868 SPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273062 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1924 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273063 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser89 AQHVRSHsSPASLQL 9606 21808241 t "Together the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex promotes proliferative and survival programs." gcesareni "Activated lats1/2 in turn phosphorylate and inhibit yap/taz transcription co-activators" SIGNOR-175787 FAD(3-) chemical CHEBI:57692 ChEBI ETF complex SIGNOR-C463 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33450351 t miannu "Human ETF is nuclear encoded by two separate genes, ETFA and ETFB, respectively. After translation, the two subunits are imported to the mitochondrial matrix space and assemble into a heterodimer containing one FAD and one AMP as cofactors." SIGNOR-269469 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser41 SLSESEEsQDSSDSI 9606 20730097 t lperfetto "We propose that constitutive hyperphosphorylation by ck1/ck2 maintains atf1 in an inactive state that promotes transcriptional repression. Pp2a/b56c antagonizes phosphorylation of atm sites in both creb and atf2" SIGNOR-167568 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249347 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IGFBP3 protein P17936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser138 PPAPGNAsESEEDRS 9606 BTO:0000093 10650937 t llicata "The importance of Ser111 and Ser113 as targets for CK2 has also been shown in our laboratory, as mutation of either residue to alanine caused a major decrease in IGFBP-3 phosphorylation by this enzyme in vitro | These results indicate that IGFBP-3 interaction with acid-labile subunit and with the cell surface, both of which involve basic carboxyl-terminal residues, may be modulated by phosphorylation. Relative resistance to proteolysis and poor binding to cells suggest that CK2-phospho-IGFBP-3 may be a significant inhibitor of IGF activity in the extracellular environment." SIGNOR-250903 GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT Gly-tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29156 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24898252 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. Glycyl- tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. . In this study we report crystal structures of wild type and mutant hGlyRS in complex with tRNA and with small substrates and describe the molecular details of enzymatic recognition of the key tRNA identity elements in the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop." SIGNOR-270482 ELF1 protein P32519 UNIPROT FCER1A protein P12319 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000732 11971001 f "Transcriptional regulation of the gene-encoding human Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain was analyzed in detail. EMSA revealed that either YY1 or PU.1 bound to the region close to that recognized by Elf-1|These up-regulating effects of PU.1 and YY1 with GATA-1 were inhibited by overexpression of Elf-1, indicating that Elf-1 serves as a repressor for the alpha-chain gene expression" SIGNOR-254287 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 EEVDLACtPTDVRDV 9606 9832503 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of cyclin d1 on a single threonine residue near the carboxyl terminus (thr-286) positively regulates proteasomal degradation of d1. Now, we demonstrate that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk-3beta) phosphorylates cyclin d1 specifically on thr-286, thereby triggering rapid cyclin d1 turnover now, we demonstrate that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk-3beta) phosphorylates cyclin d1 specifically on thr-286, thereby triggering rapid cyclin d1 turnover." SIGNOR-62265 TRIP11 protein Q15643 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 9256431 t "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "Trip230 binds to rb independently of thyroid hormone while it forms a complex with tr in a thyroid hormone-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of the protein trip230 in cells, but not a mutant form that does not bind to tr, enhances specifically tr-dependent transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-269879 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF126 protein Q9BV68 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270963 CNTF protein P26441 UNIPROT CRLF1 protein O75462 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11294841 t lperfetto "We recently demonstrated that cardiotrophin-like cytokine (clc) associates with the soluble orphan receptor cytokine-like factor-1 (clf) to form a heterodimeric cytokine that displayed activities only on cells expressing the tripartite cntf receptor on their surface" SIGNOR-106635 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT CISH protein Q9NSE2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15769897 t "The STAT5 target gene CIS, a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein family, was highly induced by Flt3-ITD" SIGNOR-261544 "Reduced Vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:8784 ChEBI "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "GGCX carboxylates the glutamic acid residues of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP) to Gla using reduced vitamin K, while simultaneously oxidizing the reduced form of vitamin K to an epoxide form." SIGNOR-265909 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 21562258 t "α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a key protein that accumulates as hyperphosphorylated aggregates in pathologic hallmark features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Phosphorylation of this protein at serine 129 is believed to promote its aggregation and neurotoxicity, suggesting that this post-translational modification could be a therapeutic target. Here, we demonstrate that phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylates α-Syn at serine 129" SIGNOR-248592 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002882 22806893 t irozzo "SHP2 can be phosphorylated at 2 C-terminal tyrosyl residues by receptor tyrosine kinases, including KIT as well as cytosolic tyrosine kinases, including Src and Abl. The level of tyrosyl phosphorylation of SHP2 has been associated with its recruitment to the receptor.Thus, pharmacologic inhibition of SHP2 phosphatase function might permit SHP2 to return to its inactive conformation resulting in reduced tyrosine phosphorylation." SIGNOR-256140 SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9660765 t miannu "Here we report that zfm1 also interacts withews / overexpression of zfm1 in hepg2 cells represses the transactivation of reporter gene expression driven by gal4-ews-ntd fusion protein and this repression correlates with zfm1 binding to ews." SIGNOR-58928 SEM1 protein P60896 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263343 RSPO3 protein Q9BXY4 UNIPROT LGR5 protein O75473 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21693646 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that lgr4 and lgr5 bind the r-spondins with high affinity and mediate the potentiation of wnt/betBeta-catenin signaling by enhancing wnt-induced lrp6 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-174535 rRNA_transcription phenotype SIGNOR-PH145 SIGNOR "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR up-regulates 25838379 f lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by means of single-particle electron cryogenic microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three ribosomal RNA molecules." SIGNOR-262600 COPS6 protein Q7L5N1 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270768 "Chaperone-mediated autophagy" phenotype SIGNOR-PH118 SIGNOR HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 BTO:0004424 26323688 t "Our proteome analysis revealed that HK2 is a CMA substrate and that its degradation by CMA is regulated by glucose availability." SIGNOR-261247 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAP4 protein P27816 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser787 KAPEKRAsPSKPASA 9606 10791892 t gcesareni "Ser787 in the proline-rich region of human map4 is a critical phosphorylation site that reduces its activity to promote tubulin polymerization. Phosphorylation on ser-787 negatively regulates map4 activity to promote microtubule assembly." SIGNOR-77087 PFKFB4 protein Q16877 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 30553771 t miannu "PFKFB3 has the highest kinase activity to shunt glucose toward glycolysis, whereas PFKFB4 has more FBPase-2 activity, redirecting glucose toward the pentose phosphate pathway, providing reducing power for lipid biosynthesis and scavenging reactive oxygen species" SIGNOR-268118 HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9343407 t 2 miannu "We now show that the Hoxa-9 protein physically interacts with Meis1 proteins. Hox proteins from the other AbdB-like paralogs, Hoxa-10, Hoxa-11, Hoxd-12, and Hoxb-13, also form DNA binding complexes with Meis1b. DNA binding complexes formed by Meis1 with Hox proteins dissociate much more slowly than DNA complexes with Meis1 alone, suggesting that Hox proteins stabilize the interactions of Meis1 proteins with their DNA targets." SIGNOR-241162 MLNR protein O43193 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256880 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr446 LKNDGKRtRSKGTLR 4932 11337501 t "Trans-autophosphorylation of Thr-446 and Thr-451 by the two kinase moieties in a PKR dimer. autophosphorylation in the activation loop would promote proper alignment of key catalytic residues, or the correct orientation of the two lobes of the PKR kinase domain, required for substrate binding or phosphoryl transfer" SIGNOR-251110 UBE2E1 protein P51965 UNIPROT RNF167 protein Q9H6Y7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16314844 t miannu " Here, we present evidences indicating that RING105, a novel conserved RING-finger protein with a PA (protease-associated) domain and a PEST sequence, is a ubiquitin ligase for TSSC5 that can function in concert with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH6. The polyubiquitin target site on TSSC5 was mapped to a region in the 6th hydrophilic loop." SIGNOR-271552 FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr642 RGVHHIDyYKKTSNG 9606 BTO:0001130 18670643 t lperfetto "Binding of fgf to fgf receptors leads to receptor dimerization and subsequent tyrosine autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of target substrates. Autophosphorylation on tyrosine is considered to have at least two functions. One such function is the stimulation of the intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity by an allosteric mechanismthis antibody specifically recognizes tyr642/643 in fgfr-4." SIGNOR-179776 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002320 21598020 t miannu "GATA-4 and MEF2C are known to bind to the GATA box 2 in the major promoter of CTNNA3 and this element is essential in directly regulating expression of CTNNA3 in cardiac muscle cells. The co-transfection of GATA-4 with MEF2C leads to a synergistic activation of the CTNNA3 promoter" SIGNOR-265816 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT SP100 protein P23497 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22086178 t miannu "Cdc20 is a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C complex), which recruits substrates at particular phases of the cell cycle and mediates their degradation. Overexpression of Cdc20 resulted in decreased levels of both endogenous Sp100 protein and overexpressed Sp100 mRNA in HEK 293 cells. Our results suggested that sp100 is a novel substrate of Cdc20 and it is degraded by the ubiquitination pathway. The intact D-box of Sp100 was necessary for this process." SIGNOR-272724 KLHL18 protein O94889 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 23213400 t miannu "We identify Aurora-A as a KLHL18-interacting partner. Overexpression of KLHL18 and CUL3 promotes Aurora-A ubiquitylation in vivo, and the CUL3-KLHL18-ROC1 ligase ubiquitylates Aurora-A in vitro. Our study reveals that the CUL3-KLHL18 ligase is required for timely entry into mitosis, as well as for the activation of Aurora-A at centrosomes." SIGNOR-272022 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser272 FSGIESSsPEVKGYW 9606 BTO:0000664 17475908 t miannu "We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B)." SIGNOR-262912 AV412 chemical CID:11700696 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190053 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19211836 t gcesareni "Mtor phosphorylates a mammalian homologue of atg13 and the mammalian atg1 homologues ulk1 and ulk2" SIGNOR-183961 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI formate smallmolecule CHEBI:15740 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18767138 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase)methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase)formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFD1) is a trifunctional enzyme that interconverts tetrahydrofolate (THF) derivatives for nucleotide synthesis.|The Arg653Gln substitution is located in the synthetase domain, which catalyzes the magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP)-dependent production of formylTHF from THF and formate" SIGNOR-268248 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CTPS1 protein P17812 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr455 MRLGKRRtLFQTKNS 9606 17463002 t llicata "These data indicated that protein kinase c phosphorylation at ser(462) stimulates human ctp synthetase 1 activity, whereas phosphorylation at thr(455) inhibits activity." SIGNOR-154621 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNJ13 protein O60928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser287 EICQRRTsYLPSEIM 9606 18976636 t gcesareni "Pka activation induced an increase of kir7.1 currents. This effect was absent in mutant kir7.1 channels lacking pka consensus site (287)s" SIGNOR-181859 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Cys-tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29152 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269548 "acetylsalicylic acid" chemical CHEBI:15365 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11809688 t gcesareni "Nsaids inhibit cyclooxygenase (cox) isozymes, which are responsible for the committed step in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and this has been considered the primary mechanism by which nsaids exert their antitumorigenic effects." SIGNOR-114377 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser522 PAGSARGsPTRPNPP 10116 BTO:0000938 16611631 t lperfetto "Primary rat cortical neurons were treated with purvalanol, a more potent inhibitor of cdk5 and dyrk2 than roscovitine (25). Phosphorylation was monitored using antibodies that specifically recognize crmp2 when phosphorylated at thr514/thr509, or crmp4 when phosphorylated at thr509. Loss of phosphorylation of ser522 will prevent subsequent phosphorylation of ser518/thr514/thr509 by gsk3. Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-146007 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT THY1 protein P04216 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254931 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1875 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273064 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269173 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 GHGLRRSsKFCLKEH -1 1848190 t lperfetto "We investigate the role of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation by protein kinase C in this regulatory process. Mutation of the serine-261, -262, -344 and -345 of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor prevented the phorbol-ester-induced phosphorylation of the receptor. This mutation also abolished the phorbol-ester-induced decrease in high-affinity agonist binding and potency of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor. We suggest that protein kinase C mediated phosphorylation of the receptor promotes its functional uncoupling." SIGNOR-248855 ASH2L protein Q9UBL3 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 25258321 t miannu "We identifiedgata3as the binding protein of ash2l. Ash2l was shown to potentiate the transcriptional activity ofgata3." SIGNOR-205312 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser447 SQRSSYVsMRIDTHA -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). The PKC family contains 12 identified mammalian isoenzymes that are universally expressed in all cells and tissues and generally have a cytosolic distributionExamination of two groups of serine and threonine mutations (Fig. 3A, lanes 2 and 3) enabled us to localize the phosphorylation to four specific residues at positions 419, 422, 423, and 426. Fig. 3B shows the levels of phosphorylation with different combinations of the four mutations. Elimination of all four serines completely eliminated phosphorylation (Fig. 3B, lane 1).An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262754 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270604 PPM1B protein O75688 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 18930133 t lperfetto "Using a functional genomic approach, we have identified two protein serine/threonine phosphatases, ppm1a and ppm1b, as ikkbeta phosphatases. Overexpression of ppm1a or ppm1b results in dephosphorylation of ikkbeta at ser177 and ser181 and termination of ikkbeta-induced nf-kappab activation" SIGNOR-181667 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3205 TPLPEDNsMNVDQDG 9606 BTO:0000773 12186630 t lperfetto "We have identified seven in vitro autophosphorylation sites in DNA-PKcs. Six of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2620, Ser2624, Thr2638 and Thr2647) are clustered in a region of 38 amino acids in the central region of the protein. Five of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638, Thr2647 and Ser3205) are conserved between six vertebrate species. Moreover, we show that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated in vivo at Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638 and Thr2647 in okadaic acid-treated human cells. | Thus phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at one or more of the autophosphorylation sites identified in this study is likely to be required for DNA-PKcs function." SIGNOR-249157 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr200 SMESIDDyVNVPESG 9606 11368773 t lperfetto "In the present study we reconstituted the LAT signalling pathway by demonstrating that a direct tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT with activated protein-tyrosine kinase Zap70 is necessary and sufficient for the association and activation of signalling proteins. Zap-70 efficiently phosphorylates LAT on tyrosine residues at positions 226, 191, 171, 132 and 127." SIGNOR-247026 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258520 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9020159 t lperfetto "We have examined whether the other two members of the Raf family, A-Raf and B-Raf, are regulated in a similar way to Raf-1. A-Raf behaves like Raf-1, being weakly activated by oncogenic Ras more strongly activated by oncogenic Src, and these signals synergize to give maximal activation. B-Raf by contrast is strongly activated by oncogenic Ras alone and is not activated by oncogenic Src." SIGNOR-235786 Phenelzine chemical CHEBI:8060 ChEBI MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18426226 t Luana "Phenylethylhydrazine stoichiometrically reduces the covalent FAD moieties of MAO A and of MAO B. Molecular oxygen is required for the inhibition reactions, and the level of O2 consumption for phenylethylhydrazine is 6-7-fold higher with either MAO A or MAO B than for the corresponding reactions with benzylhydrazine or phenylhydrazine." SIGNOR-257778 "SB 203580" chemical CHEBI:90705 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000567 15208625 t gcesareni "Pretreatment of hela cells with sb 203580, a pyridinyl imidazole compound that specifically inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). It has previously been established that sb 203580 acts primarily to block the catalytic activity of p38 mapk. However, it has been suggested that in cells, the compounds could also inhibit p38 mapk activation by virtue of their ability to bind to the inactive enzyme." SIGNOR-126055 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser176 TNAENTAsQSPRTRG 9606 BTO:0000567 19789335 t lperfetto "we show that TNFalpha treatment induces the accumulation of Daxx protein through ASK1 activation by preventing its proteasome-dependent degradation. ASK1 directly phosphorylates Daxx at Ser(176) and Ser(184) and Daxx is required for the sustained activation of JNK. Our results indicate that Daxx not only activates ASK1 but also is a downstream target of ASK1 and that accumulated Daxx further activates ASK1." SIGNOR-109680 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2624 QTRTQEGsLSARWPV -1 12186630 t lperfetto "We have identified seven in vitro autophosphorylation sites in DNA-PKcs. Six of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2620, Ser2624, Thr2638 and Thr2647) are clustered in a region of 38 amino acids in the central region of the protein. Five of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638, Thr2647 and Ser3205) are conserved between six vertebrate species. Moreover, we show that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated in vivo at Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638 and Thr2647 in okadaic acid-treated human cells. | Thus phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at one or more of the autophosphorylation sites identified in this study is likely to be required for DNA-PKcs function." SIGNOR-249156 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 15730925 f irozzo "PKC-alpha asODN (antisense oligonucleotides) could inhibit the growth and proliferation of HepG2 and induce its apoptosis by blocking the cell signal transduction related to PKC-alpha in vitro, and may be potentially used in the prevention and management of recurrent and metastatic HCC." SIGNOR-256660 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr668 SYCGKRFtRSDELQR 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 18258854 t llicata "Here we have used a variety of approaches to identify 3 amino acids (thr668, ser670, and thr681) in the zinc finger domain of sp1 that are modified by pkc-zeta angiotensin ii, which activates pkc-? Phosphorylation (at thr410) via the angiotensin ii type 1 receptor, stimulates sp1 phosphorylation and increases sp1 binding to the platelet-derived growth factor-d promoter." SIGNOR-160770 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr354 LMLRLQDyEEKTKKA 9606 BTO:0000017 15647376 t lperfetto "Ezrin was initially identified as a substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation by egfr (bretscher, 1989) and phosphorylation of residues y145 and y353 were detected to high stoichiometry after egf treatment . Phosphorylation of ezrin at y353 has been delineated to signal survival during epithelial cell differentiation via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt pathway." SIGNOR-133215 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr973 RLGNGVLyASVNPEY -1 7493944 t lperfetto "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinase. We mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246252 DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000331 10196136 t amattioni "Dvl is required for lrp6 phosphorylation, which is essential for subsequent steps of signal transduction." SIGNOR-66362 P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257339 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT ATP7B protein P35670 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser478 APDILAKsPQSTRAV 9606 BTO:0000599 21189263 t lperfetto "ATP7B trafficking was markedly reduced by the Ser-478/481/1121/1453 to Ala mutation. We conclude that PKD plays a key role in copper-dependent serine phosphorylation, permitting high levels of ATP7B protein expression and trafficking." SIGNOR-272296 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 22285184 t miannu "Here we report that CHFR interacts with BRG1, SNF5, and BAF60a of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex and ubiquitinates them to target for degradation through a proteasome-mediated pathway, and that SRG3/mBAF155 stabilizes these components by blocking their interaction with CHFR. These results suggest that CHFR enhances the degradation of the components of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex by inducing their poly-ubiquitination." SIGNOR-271457 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16298389 t irozzo "PU.1/Spi-1 binds to the human TAL-1 silencer to mediate its activity.By expressing a mutant protein containing only the ETS domain of PU.1 in human erythroleukemic HEL cells, we demonstrated that PU.1 mediates the transcriptional repression activity of the silencer. Our data clearly demonstrate that PU.1 mediates TAL-1 silencer activity" SIGNOR-256048 ADAMTS4 protein O75173 UNIPROT ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu392 PRNITEGeARGSVIL 9606 9202061 t lperfetto "Aggrecan Degradation in Human Cartilage Evidence for both Matrix Metalloproteinase and Aggrecanase Activity in Normal, Osteoarthritic, and Rheumatoid Joints|Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), as well as other MMPs, cleave aggrecan in the interglobular domain between Asn341 and Phe342 to generate a G1 fragment with the COOH terminus VDIPEN341 (11–13). This fragment has been isolated and identified by NH2-terminal sequence analysis from human OA cartilage (11). A second proteolytic activity identified as “aggrecanase” also cleaves aggrecan in the interglobular domain, but between Glu373 and Ala374 (19–24), generating a G1 fragment with a COOH terminus of NITEGE373" SIGNOR-266984 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser142 VPSPPPAsPRSQYNF 9606 17906618 t gcesareni "Htra2 is phosphorylated on activation of the p38 pathway, occurring in a pink1-dependent mannerwe suggest that pink1-dependent phosphorylation of htra2 might modulate its proteolytic activity, thereby contributing to an increased resistance of cells to mitochondrial stress." SIGNOR-158052 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT PRMT5 protein O14744 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr297 NRPPPNAyELFAKGY 9606 21316606 t llicata "Oncogenic jak2 kinases phosphorylate prmt5 in_vivo phosphorylation of prmt5 by jak2v617f greatly impairs its methyltransferase activity" SIGNOR-171994 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT EEF1D protein P29692 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser133 APQTQHVsPMRQVEP 9606 12551973 t gcesareni "The sequence flanking ser-133 of ef-1delta completely matches the consensus phosphorylation site for a cellular protein kinase, cdc2, and in vitro kinase assays revealed that purified cdc2 phosphorylates ser-133 of ef-1delta." SIGNOR-97733 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT NR1I3 protein Q14994 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15000748 t gcesareni "The short heterodimer partner (shp), an orphan nuclear receptor that lacks a conventional dna binding domain, was initially identified by its interaction with car. We have examined the role of shp in car-mediated transactivation of the cyp2b gene. Coexpression of shp inhibited the transactivation of the cyp2b gene by car in cultured hepatoma cells and the p160 coactivator grip1 reversed the inhibition." SIGNOR-123154 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser353 DSAIDTWsPSEWQMA 9606 11259409 t lperfetto "The current studies demonstrate the identification of hnrnp-k as a jnk and erk substrate. The phosphoacceptor sites for jnk and erk on the k protein are different, and indeed, erk phosphorylation results in biological consequences different from those of phosphorylation by jnk (49). Whereas erk phosphorylation on aa 284 and 353 contributes to k protein nuclear export and concomitant inhibition of rna translation (49), phosphorylation by k protein on aa 216 and 353 increases the transcriptional effects of the k protein." SIGNOR-105251 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser284 AGGGRRIsDSHEDTG 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163788 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT VEPH1 protein Q14D04 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 22055343 f "In the neuronal differentiation" lperfetto "Melted represses warts transcription to disrupt hippo pathway activity and specify rh5 fate wts and melt repress each other s transcription in a double negative, bistable feedback loop that directs robust expression of either rh5 or rh6 in r8" SIGNOR-177068 MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg756 KGQAGLQrALEILQE -1 17204478 t lperfetto "MASP-2 cleaves C4 releasing C4a and generating C4b, which attaches covalently to the pathogen surface upon exposure of its reactive thioester. C2 binds to C4b and is also cleaved by MASP-2 to form the C3 convertase (C4b2a)." SIGNOR-263425 8-OH-DPAT chemical CHEBI:73364 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258890 48S_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C454 SIGNOR "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269169 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser186 RQRKRHKsDSISLSF 9606 11504915 t lperfetto "Mitogen-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3-kinase) and its downstream target, the akt/pkb serine-threonine kinase, results in phosphorylation of mdm2 on serine 166 and serine 186. Phosphorylation on these sites is necessary for translocation of mdm2 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.Both akt expression and serum treatment induced phosphorylation of mdm2 at ser186." SIGNOR-116274 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR TICRR protein Q7Z2Z1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1001 DIGVVEEsPEKGDEI -1 21646402 t miannu " We found that Treslin also associated with TopBP1 in a Cdk-regulated manner in human cells and that Treslin was phosphorylated within a conserved Cdk consensus target sequence (on S976 in X. laevis and S1000 in humans). Recombinant human Cdk2-cyclin E also phosphorylated this residue of Treslin in vitro very effectively." SIGNOR-273600 amitriptyline chemical CHEBI:2666 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258700 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1647 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120180 SLITRK5 protein O94991 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001593 34326333 t miannu "SLITRK5 interacts with SHH and PTCH1. Mechanistically, SLITRK5 binds to hedgehog ligands via its extracellular domain and interacts with PTCH1 via its intracellular domain. SLITRK5 is present in the primary cilium, and loss of SLITRK5 enhances SMO ciliary enrichment upon SHH stimulation. Thus, SLITRK5 is a negative regulator of hedgehog signaling in osteoblasts that may be attractive as a therapeutic target to enhance bone formation." SIGNOR-268437 KLF10 protein Q13118 UNIPROT TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 18359287 t lperfetto "Analyzing the mechanism of TGFBI up-regulation in clear cell carcinoma, we identified a novel VHL target, a Kruppel-like transcriptional factor 10 (KLF10). The TGFBI promoter, which we isolated and studied in Luc-reporter assay, was induced by KLF10 but not hypoxia." SIGNOR-253212 NDUFV2 protein P19404 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262184 "Vps34 Complex II" complex SIGNOR-C241 SIGNOR Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 30397185 f lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260326 ZRSR2/U2AF2 complex SIGNOR-C81 SIGNOR Spliceosomal_snRNP_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH79 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11739736 f miannu "The essential splicing factor U2AF (U2 auxiliary factor) is a heterodimer composed of 65-kDa (U2AF(65)) and 35-kDa (U2AF(35)) subunits. U2AF(35) has multiple functions in pre-mRNA splicing. First, U2AF(35) has been shown to function by directly interacting with the AG at the 3' splice site. Second, U2AF(35) is thought to play a role in the recruitment of U2AF(65) by serine-arginine-rich (SR) proteins in enhancer-dependent splicing." SIGNOR-263946 EIF3M protein Q7L2H7 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266388 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12393875 t gcesareni "We conclude that lpa(1) receptors couple to a g(i)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-tiam1 pathway to activate rac." SIGNOR-94635 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1721 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248787 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT OTUD6B protein Q8N6M0 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272687 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PPP1R1A protein Q13522 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser67 LKSTLAMsPRQRKKM 10116 11278334 t lperfetto "In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. | However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation." SIGNOR-249194 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 22223095 t gcesareni "The acetylation marks on notch1-icd are removed by the deacetylase sirt1, suggesting that both deacetylation of notch1-icd and of histones inhibit notch signaling." SIGNOR-195333 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RBM39 protein Q14498 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr95 DRRFRGRyRSPYSGP 9606 BTO:0000007 27018250 t miannu "In this paper, we report that RBM39 interacts with the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. Both the Src homology (SH) 2 and SH3 domains of c-Abl interact with RBM39. The major tyrosine phosphorylation sites on RBM39 that are phosphorylated by c-Abl are Y95 and Y99, as demonstrated by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and mutational analysis. c-Abl was shown boost the transcriptional coactivation activity of RBM39 for ERα and PRβ in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner." SIGNOR-262609 OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256913 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT SRPX protein P78539 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255534 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259226 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257441 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252522 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr366 ASSSTSVtPDVSDNE 9606 20940307 t gcesareni "Plk3 phosphorylates pten on thr-366 and ser-370. Plk3-mediated phosphorylation facilitates pten stabilization, thereby negatively regulating the pi3k/pdk1/akt1 signaling axis" SIGNOR-168473 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr37 PPGDYSTtPGGTLFS 12213813 t lperfetto "In response to UV-B irradiation, the translation factor 4E-BP1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E [eIF4E]-binding protein 1) was phosphorylated at Thr36, Thr45, Ser64 and Thr69. Using either p38 MAPK inhibitors or the MSK inhibitor H89, UV-B-irradiation-induced phosphorylation was blocked [43]. 4E-BP1 binds to eIF4E in resting cells to prevent formation of a functional eIF4F complex, which is essential for cap-dependent initiation of translation. Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 leads to dissociation from eIF4E" SIGNOR-262991 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT ZWINT protein O95229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr251 TRPQEQStGDTMGRD -1 21775627 t lperfetto "Zwint-1 is a novel Aurora B substrate required for the assembly of a dynein-binding platform on kinetochores|During prometaphase, AurB phosphorylation of zwint-1 is required for recruitment of ZW10-, pT89 dynein-, and RZZ-dependent proteins to kinetochores. This is defective after AurB inhibition or after expression of the triple-A zwint-1 mutant. Triple-E mutant zwint-1 mimics phospho–zwint-1 in RZZ recruitment, even after AurB inhibition" SIGNOR-265010 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FANCA protein O15360 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1149 CLRSRDPsLMVDFIL -1 11855836 t "FANCA is phosphorylated at Ser1149 by Akt. The biological significance of FANCA phosphorylation and its regulation by Akt remains unclear at this time." SIGNOR-252567 PIP4K2A protein P48426 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate(5-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58456 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9367159 t Gianni "The enzymes that produce PtdIns-4,5-P2 in vitro fall into two related subfamilies (type I and type II PtdInsP-5-OH kinases, or PIP(5)Ks) based on their enzymatic properties and sequence similarities'. Here we have reinvestigated the substrate specificities of these enzymes. As expected, the type I enzyme phosphorylates PtdIns-4-P at the D-5 position of the inositol ring. Surprisingly, the type II enzyme, which is abundant in some tissues, phosphorylates PtdIns-5-P at the D-4 position, and thus should be considered as a 4-OH kinase, or PIP(4)K" SIGNOR-268864 CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25603287 t lperfetto "The central mitotic kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (human cdk1 is present through all stages of the cell cycle, but its activity is cell-cycle regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and cyclin binding.Cdk1-cyclin b phosphorylates ser/thr residues directly preceding pro; thus, it is classified as a proline-directed kinase." SIGNOR-205590 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys265 SISSMELkTEPFDDF 9606 SIGNOR-C154 16055711 t lperfetto "We report here that lysine 265 of c-Fos is conjugated by the peptidic posttranslational modifiers SUMO-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3 and that c-Jun can be sumoylated on lysine 257 as well as on the previously described lysine 229. Sumoylation of c-Fos preferentially occurs in the context of c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers.|Inhibition of c-Fos and c-Jun sumoylation stimulates AP-1-dependent transcription activity." SIGNOR-263013 trimipramine chemical CHEBI:9738 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9537821 t miannu "At the human norepinephrine transporter, among the antidepressants desipramine was the most potent with a KD=0.83±0.05 nM. All the tetracyclic antidepressants, except mirtazapine, which is a structural analog of mianserin, were more potent at the norepinephrine transporter than at the serotonin transporter. Tomoxetine, considered from animal data to be very selective for the norepinephrine transporter, had high affinity for the human norepinephrine transporter (KD=2.03±0.06 nM). However, at the human serotonin transporter, tomoxetine was nearly as potent and close to that for dothiepin and venlafaxine. Venlafaxine, considered a serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was very weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. Its KD value was 5× less that than for norepinephrine. All of the serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, with the exception of paroxetine, were also weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. " SIGNOR-258742 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TRAF3IP2 protein O43734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser328 KVILNYPsPWDHEER 9606 21822257 t miannu "IKKi was required for IL-17-induced phosphorylation of Act1 on Ser311, adjacent to a putative TRAF-binding motif. Substitution of the serine at position 311 with alanine impaired the IL-17-mediated Act1-TRAF2-TRAF5 interaction and gene expression. Thus, IKKi is a kinase newly identified as modulating IL-17 signaling through its effect on Act1 phosphorylation and consequent function." SIGNOR-262883 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser282 EGRGEVGsAGDMRAA 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000567 20043841 t lperfetto "Additionally protein kinase ck2 was identified as a kinase that phosphorylated eralpha at s282 and s559 s282 and s559 represent the second and third sites of er_ regulation by ck2. Remarkably, mutation of s282 or s559 to alanine resulted in near opposite functional effects on er_ as compared to mutation of s167 to alanine. Er_ ligand independent transcriptional activity was markedly enhanced upon mutation of s282 and s559 to alanine" SIGNOR-162653 ZIC1 protein Q15915 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 11238441 t lperfetto "Co-expression of zic1 resulted in gli1 and gli3 proteins being translocated to the nucleus in varying levels" SIGNOR-105491 MMP19 protein Q99542 UNIPROT ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asn360 DFVDIPEnFFGVGGE -1 10922468 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases 19 and 20 cleave aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)|In this study we investigated the ability of MMP-19 and MMP-20 to cleave two of the macromolecules characterising the cartilage ECM, namely aggrecan and the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Both MMPs hydrolysed aggrecan efficiently at the well-described MMP cleavage site between residues Asn(341) and Phe(342), as shown by Western blotting using neo-epitope antibodies. Furthermore, the two enzymes cleaved COMP in a distinctive manner, generating a major proteolytic product of 60 kDa. Our results suggest that MMP-19 may participate in the degradation of aggrecan and COMP in arthritic disease, whereas MMP-20, due to its unique expression pattern, may primarily be involved in the turnover of these molecules during tooth development." SIGNOR-266978 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000725 23563689 f miannu "Satb1 simultaneously repressed sets of genes encoding molecules involved in HSC activation and cellular polarity, including Numb and Myc" SIGNOR-224831 SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 24183681 f apalma "Collectively, our experiments identified the oncogene Sox4 as a factor mediating increased serial-replating ability and blocked differentiation of Cebpa-deficient progenitors." SIGNOR-255676 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT SP7 protein Q8TDD2 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16574347 f "Giulio Giuliani" "Osx promoter activity was up-regulated by 2 fold after Runx2 over-expression in ATDC5 cells. Osx Is Phosphorylated by p38 at Ser-73 and Ser-77" SIGNOR-255410 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr580 LRKTRDQyLMWLTQK 9534 BTO:0000298 8385099 t "The alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated at tyrosines 368, 580, and 607 by the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-251321 HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10944114 t gcesareni "The present studies demonstrate that heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) forms a cytosolic complex with apaf-1 and thereby inhibits the formation of the active complex." SIGNOR-81043 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr205 PLKTGEQtPPHEHIC 9534 BTO:0000298 12756254 t miannu "After mapping JNK-dependent JIP1 phosphorylation sites and testing their functional significance, it was observed that phosphorylation by JNK of JIP1 on Thr-103 and not other phosphorylated JIP1 residues is necessary for the regulation of DLK association with JIP1, DLK activation, and subsequent module activation. The data presented corroborates our previous observations using endogenous proteins, demonstrates that JNK binding to JIP1 is necessary for module activation, and shows that activation of JIP1-JNK module dynamics requires phosphorylation of JIP1 on Thr-103 by JNK. and Thr-205 are phosphorylated directly by JNK after JNK binds to JIP1." SIGNOR-250127 prazosin chemical CHEBI:8364 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258473 pictrelisib chemical CHEBI:65326 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258113 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation." SIGNOR-265921 NDUFS4 protein O43181 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262178 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI RET protein P07949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271;BTO:0000184 23526464 t miannu "The RET tyrosine kinase encoding gene acts as a dominantly transforming oncogene in thyroid carcinoma and other malignancies. Ponatinib (AP24534) is an oral ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is in advanced clinical experimentation in leukemia.Ponatinib is a potent inhibitor of RET kinase and has promising preclinical activity in models of RET-driven medullary thyroid carcinoma." SIGNOR-259275 GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0000195 24317510 f lperfetto "Many GATA6-dependent genes lacked nearby binding sites but several strongly dependent, synexpressed and GATA6-bound genes encode TFs such as MYC, HES1, RARB and CDX2." SIGNOR-253154 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT PPP1R3A protein Q16821 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 PQPSRRGsDSSEDIY -1 10648825 t lperfetto "The protein G(M), which targets protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to the glycogen particles and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles, is known to be phosphorylated at Ser48 and Ser67 in vitro by adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and at Ser48 by MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPKAP-K1, also called p90 RSK). The phosphorylation of Ser48 increases the rate at which the glycogen-associated PP1.G(M) complex dephosphorylates (activates) glycogen synthase, but the phosphorylation of Ser67 has the opposite effect, suppressing the activity of PP1 toward glycogen-bound substrates. " SIGNOR-249036 venlafaxine chemical CHEBI:9943 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20378347 t Luana "The cycloalkanol ethylamine scaffold was successfully utilized in the discovery and development of dual serotonin (5-HT)/norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).1 Drugs such as venlafaxine (1) and duloxetine (2) possessing norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, either selectively or in combination with serotonin reuptake inhibition were approved for major depressive disorder (MDD)." SIGNOR-257836 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:32814 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267423 T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 10653850 f miannu "IL-12 Synergizes With IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma Production From Human T Cells. IL-12 and IL-18 acted in a synergistic manner for the development of T cells into IFN-γ-producing cells without their TCR. Here we show that IL-12 and IL-1beta synergistically induce T cells to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma without their TCR engagement. IL-12 stimulation induced an increase in the proportion of T cells positive for IL-18R engagement." SIGNOR-260967 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT ARIH1 protein Q9Y4X5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24076655 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases such as TRIAD1 and HHARI can bind and be activated by CRL complexes. Whereas TRIAD1 specifically associates with CUL5–RBX2, HHARI is more promiscuous towards cullin types and associates with RBX1-associated cullins 1, 2, 3, and 4A. Interestingly, both TRIAD1 and HHARI show a strong preference for binding the neddylated form of the cullin. Our data suggest a novel function of NEDD8 in directing specific CRLs to Ariadne RBR ligases, which in turn exert influence on the levels of their cognate neddylated cullin." SIGNOR-268846 ZNF318 protein Q5VUA4 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 16469430 t Monia "Using different promoters and cells, we confirmed that AR-mediated transactivation was repressed by TZF in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1A and B). Endogenous ARmediated transactivation was also inhibited by expression of TZF; These results indicate that amino acid residues 512–663 are essential for the repressive effect of TZF on AR-mediated transactivation." SIGNOR-261187 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 32814769 t miannu "We identified several E3 ligases as strong candidates responsible for AR and MYC protein loss as HECTD4, MYCBP2, and TRIM49. HECTD4 and MYCBP2 target AR and MYC for degradation while TRIM49 appears to promote AR and MYC stability. We have shown that these E3 ligases in turn are directly regulated by MYC. MYC in turn represses the expression of ubiquitin ligases, HECTD4 and MYCBP2 that promote AR and MYC protein degradation, further suppressing MYC and AR in a feed forward loop." SIGNOR-267145 "Complement C1q" complex SIGNOR-C308 SIGNOR "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 29449492 t lperfetto "The complement system is part of our innate immune system. The classical complement pathway is triggered by activation of the C1 initiation complex upon binding to cell surfaces. C1, or C1qr2s2, consists of four proteases, C1r and C1s, that associate with C1q, which contains antibody-binding sites.|The reconstruction reveals densities for all C1q collagen-like triple helices and gC1q modules, C1r and C1s proteases" SIGNOR-263396 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT MYH2 protein Q9UKX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 26042050 f lperfetto "the effects of the angiopoietins are not specific for vascular endothelial cells, as their receptors (Tie1, Tie2) are known to be expressed in hematopoietic cells and they have also recently been shown to be expressed in skeletal muscle cellsExogenous Ang-1 enhanced myogenic (MyoD and Myogenin) mRNA in differentiating myoblasts and increased myosin heavy chain protein." SIGNOR-241538 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14732063 t miannu "Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) exerts two main effects: a beneficial one as an anti-infection, anti-tumour cytokine, and a detrimental one in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Two receptors (TNF-R) mediate these effects. two distinct types of TNF-Rs have been identified and molecularly cloned: TNF-R55 (also referred to as TNFR1, p55 or CD120a) and TNF-R75 (also called TNFR2, p75 or CD120b)" SIGNOR-253593 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr154 NRMPVAPyWTSPEKM 9606 8443592 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 154 and 307, which are in the extracellular domain of transmembrane receptor isoforms and are in an unusual sequence context for tyrosine phosphorylation, were also phosphorylated." SIGNOR-98622 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr185 TNFMMTPyVVTRYYR 9606 11062067 t lperfetto "In the present study, we found that mkk7 phosphorylates sapk2a/p38 exclusively at tyr-182, albeit at a low rate. Therefore one possibility is that the interaction of mkk7 and/or sapk1/jnk with another cellular protein alters the conformation of one of these enzymes in such a way as to facilitate phosphorylation of tyr-185 by mkk7 in vivo." SIGNOR-83748 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT DEF6 protein Q9H4E7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr133 NFLSEDKyPLIMVPD 9606 18976935 t lperfetto "Here, we report that the T cell receptor (TCR)-induced translocation of SLAT to the immunological synapse required Lck-mediated phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues located in an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-like sequence but was independent of the SLAT PH domain. This subcellular relocalization was coupled to, and necessary for, activation of the NFAT pathway|These results indicate that SLAT undergoes Lck-dependent phosphorylation on Tyr-144 and Tyr-133 upon TCR and CD28 stimulation." SIGNOR-253367 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:18348 ChEBI "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 23000145 t scontino "Upon stimulation with various immune receptors, PLCγ2 cleaves the membrane-bound phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-biphosphate (PIP2) into the second messenger molecules inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." SIGNOR-268450 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1651 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273065 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1717 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120108 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1665 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273066 SEC13 protein P55735 UNIPROT GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23723239 t miannu "Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5" SIGNOR-255305 RPN1 protein P04843 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19289571 t miannu "Ribophorin i (rpni), a component of the oligosaccharide transferase complex, could directly interact with mor. Rpni can be shown to participate in mor export by the intracellular retention of the receptor after small interfering rna knockdown of endogenous rpni." SIGNOR-184651 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT HHIP protein Q96QV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 16571352 f lperfetto "Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts responded to Shh stimulation with the induction of Hh target genes Gli1, Ptc1, and Hip1.These observations support the previously advanced notion of a functional redundancy or cooperativity between Gli2 and Gli1 in activation of target genes [18] and [43] and indicate a functional cooperation between Gli3 and Gli1." SIGNOR-209635 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 15109499 t "The activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreases, leading to activation of Foxo transcription factors and atrogin-1 induction. IGF-1 treatment or AKT overexpression inhibits Foxo and atrogin-1 expression." SIGNOR-252926 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGB3 protein Q9Y5G1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265707 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser403 PEEFISLsPPHEALD 9606 10428966 t lperfetto "These results suggest that tfiih-mediated phosphorylation of e2f-1 plays a role in triggering e2f-1 degradation during s phase.  here we show that the e2f-1 activation domain interacts with a kinase activity which phosphorylates two sites, ser403 and thr433, within the activation domain." SIGNOR-269353 "eribulin mesylate" chemical CHEBI:70710 ChEBI Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 16940412 t miannu "The complex marine natural product halichondrin B was compared with NSC 707389 (E7389), a structurally simplified, synthetic macrocyclic ketone analog, which has been selected for clinical trials in human patients. NSC 707389 was invariably more potent than halichondrin B in its interactions with tubulin. Both compounds inhibited tubulin assembly, inhibited nucleotide exchange on beta-tubulin, and were noncompetitive inhibitors of the binding of radiolabeled vinblastine and dolastatin 10 to tubulin." SIGNOR-259444 oxymetazoline chemical CHEBI:7862 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258917 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT OCLN protein Q16625 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser340 DKRFYPEsSYKSTPV 9615 BTO:0000837 11502742 t lperfetto "Protein kinase C regulates the phosphorylation and cellular localization of occludin. Ser(338) of occludin was identified as an in vitro protein kinase C phosphorylation site using peptide mass fingerprint analysis and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy. Both the phosphorylation of occludin and its incorporation into tight junctions induced by calcium switch were markedly inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF-109203X." SIGNOR-249106 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1859 PPRIHRAsDPGLPAE 9606 BTO:0002181 23429703 t miannu "CAD as a direct substrate of S6K1. mTORC1 signaling posttranslationally regulated this metabolic pathway via its downstream target ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which directly phosphorylates S1859 on CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase), the enzyme that catalyzes the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. The direct regulation of CAD by S6K1 serves as a mechanism to increase the pool of nucleotides available for the RNA and DNA synthesis that accompanies cell growth." SIGNOR-267443 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26687681 t miannu "Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin Ligase Governs the Turnover of ULK1 and VPS34 Complexes to Control Autophagy Termination. KLHL20 promotes ubiquitination of phagophore-residing VPS34 and Beclin-1" SIGNOR-272419 mir-10b mirna URS00004CAC40_9606 RNAcentral CADM2 protein Q8N3J6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" destabilization 9606 25477897 t miannu "The down-regulation of miR-29b is thought to promote DNA hypermethylation in AML since miR-29b can directly target DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and Sp1 (a transcriptional regulator of DNMT2" SIGNOR-255794 SMAD1/5/8 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF35 SIGNOR SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C85 21454478 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Upon ligand binding, the specific heteromeric transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor complexes undergo phosphorylation/activation and subsequently phosphorylate the two ser residues in the c-terminal sxs motif of specific r-smads, smad1/5/8 for bmp pathway and smad2/3 for tgf-_/activin signaling. The activated r-smads then associate with co-smad, smad4. The heteromeric complexes translocate into the nucleus, where they bind to dna directly or indirectly to regulate the transcription of specific genes." SIGNOR-269952 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF144A protein P50876 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271154 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT DBF4 protein Q9UBU7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser539 GLITINSsQEHLTVQ 9606 22123827 t lperfetto "Dbf4/cdc7 (dbf4-dependent kinase (ddk)) is activated at the onset of s-phase, and its kinase activity is required for dna replication initiation from each origin. We identified novel atm/atr phosphorylation sites on dbf4 and showed that atm/atr-mediated phosphorylation of dbf4 is critical for the intra-s-phase checkpoint to inhibit dna replication." SIGNOR-177809 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16082221 t gcesareni "Atm directly and indirectly induces mdm2 and mdmx phosphorylation, resulting in decreased activity and stability of these proteins. We recently provided a mechanism for the reduced stability of mdm2 and mdmx by showing that atm-dependent phosphorylation lowers their affinity for the deubiquitinating enzyme hausp." SIGNOR-139403 RINT1 protein Q6NUQ1 UNIPROT "NRZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C358 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25364732 t lperfetto "NRZ complex, which comprises NAG, RINT1, and ZW10, is also involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, but each component of the complex has diverse cellular functions including endosome-to-Golgi transport, cytokinesis, cell cycle checkpoint, autophagy, and mRNA decay." SIGNOR-265025 CDH8 protein P55286 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265870 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "The membrane-bound Notch segment that results from this cleavage, known as Notch Intracellular Truncation domain (NEXT), is a -secretase substrate (Kopan and Ilagan, 2009). -Secretase performs the subsequent cleavage at S3 (De Strooper et al., 1999), releasing Notch intracellular domain (NICD) from the membrane and allowing for signal transduction through binding with the CBL-1, Su(H), Lag-1 (CSL; Schroeter et al., 1998; Struhl and Adachi, 1998) family of DNA binding proteins." SIGNOR-209723 Mob1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF42 SIGNOR LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Lats1 and Lats2 are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases." gcesareni "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1." SIGNOR-269958 SEC23A protein Q15436 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265289 LAMB1 protein P07942 UNIPROT Laminin-8 complex SIGNOR-C181 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10809728 t lperfetto "Laminins are a large family of heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins that, in addition to having structural roles, take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The laminin alpha(4) chain is widely distributed both in adults and during development in tissues such as cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle fibers, vascular endothelia, lungs, and in peripheral nerves. It can associate with laminin beta(1)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-8 and with the beta(2)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-9." SIGNOR-253227 PFAS protein O15067 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The first two reactions catalyzed by TGART are sequential and produce FGAR, which is then acted upon by the third enzyme in the pathway, formylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS/FGAMS).The transferred ammonia is then used to convert FGAR to FGAM. The FGAMS protein exhibits interesting biophys ical properties and will be covered later in this review. The FGAM produced by FGAMS is then converted into AIR by the AIRS domain of TGART, resulting in a five membered ring closure." SIGNOR-267310 iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI diiodine smallmolecule CHEBI:17606 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 23349248 t miannu "After transport through the apical membrane, I‚àí is covalently bound to the tyrosyl residues of Tg by thyroid peroxidase (TPO)." SIGNOR-268119 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr89 VSPLLLTtTNSSEGL 9606 11152499 t tpavlidou "Taken together, these results show that pkr is autophosphorylated on serine 83 and threonines 88, 89, and 90, that this autophosphorylation may enhance kinase activation, and that the inhibition of pkr by hcv e2 is not solely due to duplication of and competition with these autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-85785 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR GPSM3 protein Q9Y4H4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000876 phosphorylation:Ser35 STTRPWRsAPPSPPP 22843681 t lperfetto "Mutation of serine 35 completely abrogates the 14-3-3 interaction (e.g. Fig. 2, B–F), suggesting that phosphorylation of serine 35 is obligatory for 14-3-3 binding|The GPSM3/14-3-3 interaction is seen to stabilize GPSM3 from degradation and also support the nuclear exclusion of both proteins." SIGNOR-264866 ASIP protein P42127 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268703 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 9606 BTO:0000567 11823427 t lperfetto "The central event in cytokine_dependent transcriptional regulation is phosphorylation of STATs on a single tyrosine residue at their C_terminus (Darnell, 1997b). The reaction is catalyzed by cytokine receptor_associated tyrosine kinases of the Janus type (Jak) at the cell membrane and triggers the homo_ and heterodimerization of STAT molecules via reciprocal phosphotyrosine“SH2 domain interactions" SIGNOR-236373 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr305 TDAATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248651 PYCARD protein Q9ULZ3 UNIPROT "Pyrin inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C226 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256414 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 15175348 t gcesareni "The identified pdk1 phosphorylation sites in mek1 and mek2 are ser222 and ser226, respectively, and are known to be essential for full activation." SIGNOR-125176 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT OSBP2 protein Q969R2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 30925160 t lperfetto "CK1a1, JNK1 and CDK1 had the highest site-specific activity for ORP4L, while CDK1, GSK3a, CK1a1 and GSK3b showed the highest specificity for the site when corrected for background activity with ORP4L-S4A. Because of the complexity of the serine/proline-rich site, we did not determine which serine(s) in ORP4L were phosphorylated by candidate kinases.|We conclude that phosphorylation of a unique serine/proline motif in the ORD induces a conformation change in ORP4L that enhances interaction with vimentin and cholesterol extraction from membranes." SIGNOR-264878 MMP7 protein P09237 UNIPROT SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 25545242 t lperfetto "In this study, we found a novel motif, LRSKSRSFQVSDEQY, in the C-terminal fragment of MMP-3/7-cleaved mouse OPN binds to α9β1 integrin. Importantly, this novel motif is involved in the development of anti-type II collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). This study provides the first in vitro and in vivo evidence that OPN cleavage by MMP-3/7 is an important regulatory mechanism for CAIA." SIGNOR-253321 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr453 SGPIIIRtPTVGPNG 9606 11904305 t gcesareni "Here we show that p42/p44 mapk directly phosphorylates sp1 on threonines 453 and 739 both in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of these sites to alanines decreases by half the mapk-dependent transcriptional activity of sp1. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylate sp1 on serine 59 and regulate cellular senescence via transcription of p21sdi1/cip1/waf1." SIGNOR-116162 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RAPSN protein Q13702 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270996 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT NRBF2 protein Q96F24 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser113 AEDAEGQsPLSQKYS 9606 BTO:0001938 28059666 t miannu "Human NRBF2 is phosphorylated by MTORC1 at S113 and S120. Upon nutrient starvation or MTORC1 inhibition, NRBF2 phosphorylation is diminished. Phosphorylated NRBF2 preferentially interacts with PIK3C3/PIK3R4. Suppression of NRBF2 phosphorylation by MTORC1 inhibition alters its binding preference from PIK3C3/PIK3R4 to ATG14/BECN1, leading to increased autophagic PtdIns3K complex assembly, as well as enhancement of ULK1 protein complex association." SIGNOR-265874 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1644 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273067 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1735 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273068 DOK3 protein Q7L591 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "An adaptor protein Dok-3 mediates the suppressive function of LYN. The Dok-3 phosphorylated by LYN upon BCR stimulation forms a complex with GRB2, which allows it to enter into the signalosome and associate with activation of SHIP protein. This translocation facilitates the efficient inhibition of PLCc2 and SYK from activation, subsequently resulting in the suppression of downstream Ca2+ signaling." SIGNOR-268448 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT SMC1A protein Q14683 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser957 ISQEEGSsQGEDSVS 9606 11877377 t lperfetto "Here we report that smc1 is a component of the dna damage response network that functions as an effector in the atm/nbs1-dependent s-phase checkpoint pathway. Smc1 associates with brca1 and is phosphorylated in response to ir in an atm- and nbs1-dependent manner. Using mass spectrometry, we established that atm phosphorylates s957 and s966 of smc1 in vivo." SIGNOR-115492 MAPKAPK3 protein Q16644 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser244 PPLRRSPsRTEKQEE -1 15850461 t miannu "Human CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-179 and Ser-244 by MAPKAP-K2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2) or MAPKAP-K3 in vitro. In the present paper we have identified CapZIP as a protein that is phosphorylated exceptionally rapidly by several SAPKs in vitro (Figure 4), and which is expressed in muscles and immune cells. Both MAPKAP-K2 and MAPKAP-K3 phosphorylated CapZIP at Ser-179 in vitro. An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263082 NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9534 8824201 t lperfetto "We describe here a specific interaction of the Nck adapter molecule with PAK1 both in vitro and in vivo. Association of Nck with PAK1 may serve to link this important regulatory kinase to cell activation by growth factor receptors." SIGNOR-236324 ARAP2 protein Q8WZ64 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260453 TLE5 protein Q08117 UNIPROT ZNF503 protein Q96F45 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 19056829 t miannu "these results show that Grg5 can specifically interact with the C-terminus of Nolz1. these data suggest that Nolz1 functions as a repressor molecule, and that Grg5 interactions with Nolz1 serve to modulate Nolz1 repressor function. Mechanistically, Grg5 is known to modulate Grg co-repressor activity, raising the possibility that classical Grg proteins mediate Nolz1-dependent transcriptional repression. GalNolz1ΔC22 showed increased repressor activity compared with GalNolz1, consistent with the ability of Grg5 to modulate Nolz1 repressor function." SIGNOR-261192 SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253448 "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16603732 t miannu "Eralpha directly binds to the mll2 complex through two lxxll motifs in a region of mll2 near the c terminus in a ligand-dependent manner. Disrupting the interaction between eralpha and the mll2 complex with small interfering rnas specific against mll2 or an mll2 fragment representing the interacting region with eralpha significantly inhibited the eralpha transcription activity." SIGNOR-145868 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu60 LERECMEeTCSYEEA -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263669 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser982 KKKSEPSsPDHGSST -1 11287604 t lperfetto "coimmunoprecipitation detected a specific association between the activated erk and plc beta1 within the nucleus. In vitro studies revealed that recombinant plc beta1 could be efficiently phosphorylated by activated mitogen-activated protein kinase but not by pka. The erk phosphorylation site was mapped to serine 982 this result suggests that erk-evoked phosphorylation of plc beta1 at serine 982 plays a critical role in the activation of the nuclear pi cycle and is also crucial to the mitogenic action of igf-i." SIGNOR-106561 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001518 19219026 f Luana "Here we report that the c-Myc (hereafter referred to as Myc) oncogenic transcription factor, which is known to regulate microRNAs and stimulate cell proliferation, transcriptionally represses miR-23a and miR-23b, resulting in greater expression of their target protein, mitochondrial glutaminase, in human P-493 B lymphoma cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. " SIGNOR-268038 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT PRDX1 protein Q06830 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 CHLAWVNtPKKQGGL 9606 BTO:0000567 11986303 t lperfetto "Peroxiredoxin (prx) i is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of peroxidases and contains a consensus site (thr(90)-pro-lys-lys) for phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). This protein has now been shown to be phosphorylated specifically on thr(90) by several cdks, including cdc2, in vitro. Phosphorylation of prx i on thr(90) reduced the peroxidase activity of this protein by 80%.Prx i was also phosphorylated, with an efficiency similar to that observed with cdc2, when incubated in vitro with cdk2, cdk4, or cdk6 that had been immunoprecipitated from hela cell lysates with specific antibodies (data not shown)." SIGNOR-87105 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr198 EDVEDPVyQYIVFEA 10090 BTO:0000938 11279201 t lperfetto "Dab1 is rapidly phosphorylated when neurons isolated from embryonic brains are stimulated with Reelin, and several tyrosines have been implicated in this response. Mice with phenylalanine substitutions of all five tyrosines (Tyr(185), Tyr(198), Tyr(200), Tyr(220), and Tyr(232)) exhibit a reeler phenotype, implying that tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for Dab1 function. Here we report that, although Src can phosphorylate all five tyrosines in vitro, Tyr(198) and Tyr(220) represent the major sites of Reelin-induced Dab1 phosphorylation in embryonic neurons." SIGNOR-247076 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT CRH protein P06850 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000614 8408641 t lperfetto "Evidence of direct estrogenic regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. Potential implications for the sexual dimophism of the stress response and immune/inflammatory reaction.|Gel retardation and immunoprecipitation demonstrated specific association between the perfect half-palindromic EREs of hCRH gene and the DNA binding domain of hER in vitro." SIGNOR-268721 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11381136 t miannu "The third step is catalyzed by the enzyme glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase). The two folate-requiring reactions, glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide transformylase (AICAR Tfase), have attracted particular attention because some of the most successful anticancer drugs to date have been folate antimetabolites such as methotrexate (3). These two enzymes carry out similar chemistry in catalyzing the transfer of a formyl group from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to the amino group of the substrates GAR and AICAR to form fGAR and fAICAR." SIGNOR-267303 CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001253 15282549 t gcesareni "Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation" SIGNOR-127292 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 8943351 t 2 miannu "The first STAT-containing transcription factor to be studied, the alpha-interferon-induced ISGF3, is composed of a Stat1:2 heterodimer and a weak DNA-binding protein, p48. The p48 and Stat1:2 heterodimer do not associate stably in the absence of DNA, but we show that amino acids approximately 150 to 250 of Stat1 and a COOH-terminal portion of p48 exhibit physical interaction, implying contact that stabilizes ISGF3" SIGNOR-240606 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DCLRE1C protein Q96SD1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 SSTVAGGsQSPKLFS 9606 16874298 t lperfetto "The artemis nuclease is defective in radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency patients and is required for the repair of a subset of ionising radiation induced dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) in an atm and dna-pk dependent process. Here, we show that artemis phosphorylation by atm and dna-pk in vitro is primarily attributable to s503, s516 and s645 and demonstrate atm dependent phosphorylation at serine 645 in vivo" SIGNOR-148319 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253482 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 10090 SIGNOR-C17 11278991 t lperfetto "CDK1-cyclin B phosphorylates NPM/B23 on Thr234." SIGNOR-235530 DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 22298955 f "Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6." gcesareni "It has been shown that both sclerostin and dkk1 act physiologically as downstream molecules of bmp signaling to inhibit canonical wnt signaling and therefore negatively regulate bone mass." SIGNOR-195573 TRIM62 protein Q9BVG3 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination Lys125 LLMTEVMkLQKKVQD 9606 BTO:0000007 26488816 t miannu "We identified TRIM62 as a CARD9 binding partner and showed that TRIM62 facilitated K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9. We identified K125 as the ubiquitinated residue on CARD9 and demonstrated that this ubiquitination was essential for CARD9 activity. " SIGNOR-272420 "NUP98 Fusion" "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP16 SIGNOR CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32344427 f miannu "NUP98-fusion proteins directly regulate leukemia-associated gene expression programs in AML. CDK6 expression is under direct transcriptional control of NUP98-fusions and NUP98-fusion AML is particularly sensitive to CDK6 inhibition." SIGNOR-261505 melatonin smallmolecule CHEBI:16796 ChEBI MTNR1B protein P49286 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257546 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256923 GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 15345719 f "In this study, we investigated the possible role of the Gβγ heterodimer in signaling Gi-induced Src activation" SIGNOR-251107 FANCL protein Q9NW38 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263245 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 11971971 t gcesareni "Mapk1 is phosphorylated by map2k1/mek1 and map2k2/mek2 on thr-185 and tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or ngf. Both phosphorylations are required for activity." SIGNOR-86709 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr417 SLPQATVtPPRKEER 9606 BTO:0000680;BTO:0001573;BTO:0001286 14551205 t lperfetto "Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene, by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b.Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain. Tuberin interacts with phosphohamartin, and tuberin expression attenuates the phosphorylation of exogenous hamartin. Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70s6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex" SIGNOR-216953 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser471 GTQREGVsSLDSSSL 9606 10893229 t gcesareni "In response to a viral infection, phosphorylated on ser-477 and ser-479 by tbk1 and ikbke1. Phosphorylation, and subsequent activation is inhibited by vaccinia virus protein e3." SIGNOR-79139 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12270934 t "inferred from 70% of family members" lbriganti "Mek1 as indicated by extensive phosphorylation of erk1 and erk2 during the initial 2 h of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-269909 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001487 21966368 f Regulation miannu "Insulin has a major effect on LPL regulation in adipose tissue since in mature adipocytes insulin not only increases the level of LPL mRNA but also regulates LPL activity through both posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms" SIGNOR-251857 DLK2 protein Q6UY11 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 21419176 t lperfetto "Moreover, the interaction of DLK1 with NOTCH1 caused an inhibition of basal NOTCH signaling in preadipocytes and mesenchymal multipotent cells. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, that DLK2 interacts with itself, with DLK1, and with the same NOTCH1 receptor region as DLK1 does. We demonstrate also that the interaction of DLK2 with NOTCH1 similarly results in an inhibition of NOTCH signaling in preadipocytes and Mouse Embryo fibloblasts." SIGNOR-219377 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT CARD11 protein Q9BXL7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser644 NLMFRKFsLERPFRP 9606 21157432 t "NF-kappaB activation is triggered by PKCtheta-dependent phosphorylation of Carma1 after TCR/CD28 co-stimulation. PKCtheta-phosphorylated Carma1 was suggested to function as a molecular scaffold that recruits preassembled Bcl10-Malt1 complexes to the membrane|we demonstrate that PP2A removes PKCtheta-dependent phosphorylation of Ser645 in Carma1, and show that maintenance of this phosphorylation is correlated with increased T-cell activation." SIGNOR-248650 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EPB41 protein P11171 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr660 RLDGENIyIRHSNLM 9606 1647028 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation site has been localized to the 8-kda domain, which has one tyrosine, tyrosine-418. The 8-kda region is required for the assembly of the spectrin/actin complex, and phosphorylation by egfr reduced the ability of protein 4.1 to promote the assembly of the spectrin/actin/protein 4.1 ternary complex" SIGNOR-20452 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT CILK1 protein Q9UPZ9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr157 IRSKPPYtDYVSTRW 9606 16954377 t llicata "MAK and MRK require dual phosphorylation in a TDY motif catalyzed by an unidentified human threonine kinase and tyrosine autophosphorylation.| Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) interacts with MRK in a complex and dephosphorylates MRK at T157 in vitro and in situ." SIGNOR-248541 CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16760425 t miannu "We report that CP110 interacts with two different Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and centrin, in vivo. our data demonstrate a functional role for CaM binding to CP110 and suggest that CP110 cooperates with CaM and centrin to regulate progression through cytokinesis." SIGNOR-266348 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser297 PQKTSAKsPGPMRRS 9606 14741103 t llicata "We identified that Ser297 is the major phosphorylation site by Cdk5. Phosphorylation of this site occurs in human. | Mutation of Ser297 blocks the effect of Dcx on migration in a fashion similar to pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 activity." SIGNOR-250657 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR VPS18 protein Q9P253 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271231 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 22658639 t milica "In response to high cell densities, activated LATS1/2 phosphorylates the WW-domain containing transcriptional co-activators YAP at Ser127 and TAZ at Ser89, promoting 14-3-3 binding and thereby inhibiting their translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-197647 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000614 18511691 t Luana "MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of six target genes. ChIP with anti-MeCP2 antibody shows that MeCP2 binds to the promoter regions of activated targets Sst, Oprk1, Gamt, and Gprin1, and repressed targets Mef2c and A2bp1." SIGNOR-264680 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BW2 protein P0C1H6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 ANSTKAQkQKRRGCR 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271981 TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256937 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SSB protein P05455 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser366 GKKTKFAsDDEHDEH 9606 18257391 t gcesareni "Prior studies indicate that hla is activated by phosphorylation of serine-366 by protein kinase ck2, neutralizing a negative effect of a short basic motif (sbm)" SIGNOR-160761 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr231 NANGEAVyCKFHYKT 9606 BTO:0000093 12777400 t lperfetto "The SH3 domains of c-Abl and Arg bound directly to catalase at a P293FNP site. c-Abl and Arg phosphorylated catalase at Tyr231 and Tyr386 in vitro and in the response of cells to H2O2" SIGNOR-101298 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21633182 t miannu "Interestingly, SIRT1 suppresses PPARγ but activates PGC-1α , and thus affects the clock network through multiple mechanisms." SIGNOR-268033 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser345 LVQGISFsQPTCPDH 9606 15870257 t "Here we show that the oncogenic p53-induced serine/threonine phosphatase, PPM1D (or Wip1), dephosphorylates two ATM/ATR targets, Chk1 and p53. PPM1D binds Chk1 and dephosphorylates the ATR-targeted phospho-Ser 345, leading to decreased Chk1 kinase activity." SIGNOR-248317 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PDE10A protein Q9Y233 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr15 SQHLTGLtDEKVKAY 9606 BTO:0000007 20610737 t llicata "When coexpressed with the catalytic subunit of pka in transfected hek293 cells, wild-type (wt) pde10a2 (pde10a2wt) was phosphorylated at thr-16 these data confirm the previously reported findings that pka phosphorylation of pde10a2 on thr-16 results in a cytosolic localization" SIGNOR-166559 USP36 protein Q9P275 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 21268071 t lperfetto "Protein stability of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase SOD2 is regulated by USP36|Finally, USP36 was shown to be a specific deubiquitinating enzyme that reduces the ubiquitination level of SOD2 and was involved in SOD2 protein stability by extending its half-life." SIGNOR-272280 ITGA6 protein P23229 UNIPROT PMP22 protein Q01453 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 16436605 t Regulation miannu "PMP22 is in a complex with α6β4 integrin and laminin. PMP22 and β4 integrin are in a complex in a variety of cell types. The interaction with the integrins provides PMP22 with the ability to modulate the cell–ECM communications, as well as intracellular events. Signaling between the ECM and the intracellular compartment is essential for SC myelination, as well as cellular differentiation and motility, in general. The identification of PMP22 as a binding partner for an integrin signaling complex provides a major step toward understanding the role of this disease-linked molecule in the nervous system and in non-neural cell types." SIGNOR-251895 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ILF3 protein Q12906 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser647 RGRGRGGsIRGRGRG 9606 20870937 t llicata "Upon T cell activation, NF90 translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where it binds to the AU-rich element-containing 3' untranslated regions of IL-2 mRNA and stabilizes it.|Our results support a model in which PMA stimulation activates PKCβI to phosphorylate NF90-Ser647, and this phosphorylation triggers NF90 relocation to the cytoplasm and stabilize IL-2 mRNA." SIGNOR-168173 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11237216 t gcesareni "Although the three ppar subtypes are closely related and bind to similar dna response elements as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor rxr, each subserves a distinct physiology" SIGNOR-105451 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr654 RNEGVATyAAAVLFR 9606 11279024 t lperfetto "Beta-catenin is a good substrate of pp60c- src tyrosine kinase in vitro;this kinase modifies specifically tyr-86 and tyr-654,although consistently detected, this negative effect of tyr-86 phosphorylation on tbp binding was clearly less important than the positive effect observed after tyr-654 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-106454 PAX1 protein P15863 UNIPROT MEOX1 protein P50221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11423130 t miannu "We show that Mox1 and Mox2 proteins are capable of interacting with Pax1 and Pax3. We propose that the Mox family of homeodomain proteins participates in the molecular signaling network regulating the diverse events of somite development through the physical interaction with the Pax1 and Pax3 members of the Pax family." SIGNOR-222193 PSTPIP1 protein O43586 UNIPROT DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 18480402 t miannu "We show that pstpip1 associates with the regulator of endocytosis, dynamin 2, and pstpip1 expression impairs transferrin uptake and endocytosis" SIGNOR-178628 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1714 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273069 COL14A1 protein Q05707 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Types XII and XIV collagen are fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) localized primarily to perimysium.23 While they appear to link fibrillar collagen to other ECM components, their precise function is not known" SIGNOR-254672 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1342 GPLRGKTsGTEPADF 9606 BTO:0001938 28415769 t lperfetto "Here we report for the first time that tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is phosphorylated at serine 1342 (S1342) by Aurora kinase B both in vitro and in human cells, which is required for optimal recruitment of 53BP1 at kinetochores." SIGNOR-264411 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29736013 t miannu "Our findings reveal a dual role for UTX in suppressing acute myeloid leukaemia via repression of oncogenic ETS and upregulation of tumor suppressive GATA programs. several ETS transcription factors, including Elf4, Etv6, Erg, Fli1, Ets2, Spi1 and Elk3 were upregulated immediately after Utx loss in the preleukaemic phase" SIGNOR-260034 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT SYNJ1 protein O43426 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 22371566 t miannu "We identified two novel Pak5 substrates, Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1, proteins that directly interact with one another to regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling. Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1 were phosphorylated by Pak5 and the other group II Paks in vitro, and Pak5 phosphorylation promoted Pacsin1-Synaptojanin1 binding both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-263026 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 21157483 t lperfetto "Mammalian TOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 exert their actions by regulating other important kinases, such as S6 kinase (S6K) and Akt.Recent findings have revealed novel important roles for mTORC2 in the phosphorylation of AGC kinase family members. mTORC2 phosphorylates and activates Akt, SGK, and PKC, which regulate cell survival, cell cycle progression and anabolism" SIGNOR-217004 SEC23IP protein Q9Y6Y8 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acid anion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57560 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269654 SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003160 22761428 f miannu "Transcriptional analysis of several genes associated with tumor metastasis, invasion, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition demonstrated that SPDEF expression selectively down-regulated MMP9 and MMP13 in prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-255219 "Hair cells mechanotransduction channel" complex SIGNOR-C290 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 23217710 t lperfetto "Despite this progress, it is not known which genes encode subunits of the mechanotransduction channel of hair cells. Ca2+ enters stereocilia upon mechanical stimulation near the lower tip-link insertion site, indicating that transduction channels are present in proximity to PCDH15" SIGNOR-262573 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT CTSK protein P43235 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 11920402 f lperfetto "This is supported by our finding that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b and TNFa increase the expres- sion of cathepsin K mRNA 􏰌6–8-fold and increase the secretion of the mature enzyme." SIGNOR-253316 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PCYT1A protein P49585 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 GRMLQAIsPKQSPSS 9606 BTO:0000763 15788406 t gcesareni "Oxysterols inhibit phosphatidylcholine synthesis via erk docking and phosphorylation of ctp:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Mutagenesis of ser315 within cctalpha was both required and sufficient to confer significant resistance to 22-hc/9-cis-ra inhibition of ptdcho synthesis." SIGNOR-134837 DLX2 protein Q07687 UNIPROT MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 9111364 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that dimerization by Msx and Dlx proteins is mediated through their homeodomains and that the residues required for this interaction correspond to those necessary for DNA binding. Unlike most other known examples of homeoprotein interactions, association of Msx and Dlx proteins does not promote cooperative DNA binding; instead, dimerization and DNA binding are mutually exclusive activities. Msx proteins act as transcriptional repressors and Dlx proteins act as activators, while in combination, Msx and Dlx proteins counteract each other's transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-240918 SPX protein Q9BT56 UNIPROT GALR3 protein O60755 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24517231 t lperfetto "Coevolution of the spexin/galanin/kisspeptin family: Spexin activates galanin receptor type II and III." SIGNOR-268575 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RBSN protein Q9H1K0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16138080 t gcesareni "We found that p38alpha can phosphorylate the rab5 effectors eea1 and rabenosyn-5 on thr-1392 and ser-215, respectively, and these phosphorylation events regulate the recruitment of eea1 and rabenosyn-5 to membranes." SIGNOR-140146 UBXN2B protein Q14CS0 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 6239 23649807 t lperfetto "The UBXN-2/p37/p47 adaptors of CDC-48/p97 regulate mitosis by limiting the centrosomal recruitment of Aurora A.|We found that UBXN-2 and CDC-48 coimmunoprecipitated with AIR-1 from embryonic extracts" SIGNOR-265042 CEP135 protein Q66GS9 UNIPROT CENPJ protein Q9HC77 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23511974 t miannu "In this study, we demonstrate that the human microcephaly protein, CEP135, directly interacts with hSAS-6 via its carboxyl-terminus and with MTs via its amino-terminus. Unexpectedly, CEP135 also interacts with another microcephaly protein CPAP via its amino terminal domain. Depletion of CEP135 not only perturbed the centriolar localization of CPAP, but also blocked CPAP-induced centriole elongation. We propose that CEP135 may serve as a linker protein that directly connects the central hub protein, hSAS-6, to the outer MTs, and suggest that this interaction stabilizes the proper cartwheel structure for further CPAP-mediated centriole elongation." SIGNOR-269677 CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256730 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VTN protein P04004 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser397 NQNSRRPsRATWLSL -1 1706595 t miannu "Phosphorylation of vitronectin by protein kinase A is stoichiometric (approx. 1 mol/mol), that it is targeted to one site (Ser-378) at the C-terminal edge of the heparin-binding domain. gh the role of phosphorylation by PKA remains to be established, the identification of Ser-378 as the sole site for PKA action, and the proximity of the phosphorylation site to the point of cleavage that converts V75 into V65 10' focuses attention on a putative role for PKA in the modulation of this cleavage." SIGNOR-250072 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1714 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248786 SRP72 protein O76094 UNIPROT SRP68 protein Q9UHB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 30649417 t miannu "Taken together our data show that binding of the SRP68/72 heterodimer follows an ultrasensitive response dependent on the SRP72 C-terminus. Although the large solenoids of SRP68/72 have not been structurally characterized due to intrinsic flexibility, they serve as important contact sites in ribosome interaction." SIGNOR-261164 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1693 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273070 FBXO3 protein Q9UK99 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0004573 18809579 t miannu "O clarify the role of PML in transcription regulation, we purified the PML complex and identified Fbxo3 (Fbx3), Skp1, and Cullin1 as novel components of this complex. Fbx3 formed SCF(Fbx3) ubiquitin ligase and promoted the degradation of HIPK2 and p300 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-271742 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1672 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273071 KLF11 protein O14901 UNIPROT HBE1 protein P02100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10207080 f Regulation miannu "Transfection of K562 cells with FKLF cDNA enhanced the expression of the endogenous epsilon- and gamma-globin genes, suggesting an in vivo role of FKLF in fetal and embryonic globin gene expression." SIGNOR-251829 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser558 VPTYESAsIRRFQEG 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129324 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser102 NPRKYLRsVGDGETV 9606 BTO:0000150 19036157 t lperfetto "We therefore conclude that rsk1/rsk2 are novel activators of yb-1, able to phosphorylate the serine 102 residue." SIGNOR-252804 LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25526788 f miannu "LRRC4/NGL-2 can delay the cell cycle in late G1 by increasing the expression of cell cycle inhibitory molecules (p21, p27) and reducing the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CyclinD1, CDK2, CyclinE, CDK4) via the inhibition of K-Ras/c-Raf/ERK/MAPK, PI-3K/AKT/NF- κB, p70S6/PKC and STAT3, and the upregulation of the JNK2/c-Jun/mp53 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-264056 ARHGEF7 protein Q14155 UNIPROT CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 14505571 t gcesareni "Here, we show that activation of cdc42 protects the egf receptor from the negative regulatory activity of the c-cbl ubiquitin ligase. Activated cdc42 binds to p85cool-1 (for cloned-out-of-library)/beta-pix (for pak-interactive exchange factor), a protein that directly associates with c-cbl. This inhibits the binding of cbl by the egf receptor and thus prevents cbl from catalyzing receptor ubiquitination" SIGNOR-118135 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr39 LKKIRLDtETEGVPS 9606 18354084 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylates cdk2 at threonine 39 residue both in vitro and in vivo. Although cdk2 threonine 39 phosphorylation mediated by akt enhances cyclin-a binding, it is dispensable for its basal binding and the kinase activity." SIGNOR-244176 WDR24 protein Q96S15 UNIPROT GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23723239 t miannu "Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5" SIGNOR-255302 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.3 variant" complex SIGNOR-C339 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15776021 t miannu "Variant histone H3.3 is incorporated into nucleosomes by a mechanism that does not require DNA replication and has also been implicated as a potential mediator of epigenetic memory of active transcriptional states. In this study, we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis to show that H3.3 is found mainly at the promoters of transcriptionally active genes." SIGNOR-263877 STIP1 protein P31948 UNIPROT HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t miannu "Hsp90 chaperone cycle is tightly regulated by another group of proteins referred to as ‘co-chaperones'. Their stability does not depend on Hsp90 function but they interact with distinct Hsp90 conformational states, providing directionality to the Hsp90 cycle4. Furthermore, certain co-chaperones, such as HOP and Cdc37p50 inhibit the Hsp90 chaperone cycle, assisting in delivery of distinct sets of client proteins (steroid hormone receptors and kinases, respectively) to the Hsp90 chaperone machine." SIGNOR-261412 CYP2R1 protein Q6VVX0 UNIPROT calcidiol smallmolecule CHEBI:17933 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000759 30080183 t lperfetto "Vitamin D-binding protein transports vitamin D to the liver, where it undergoes 25-hydroxylation by CYP2R1. CYP27B1 further hydroxylates 25-hydroxyvitamin D at the 1-alpha position, resulting in the formation of the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D." SIGNOR-270568 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr423 PEQSKRStMVGTPYW 10116 18586681 t "Both sites were dephosphorylated with the same kinetics; the anti-Ser(P)198 antibody was subsequently used as it exhibited lower background staining. Direct comparison of PP2Cα with purified PP1 and PP2A lead us to conclude that at the same molar ratio PP2Cα was the most efficient in dephosphorylating PAK1 (Fig. 1D). In this case we monitored two autophosphorylation sites in the Pak1 N-terminal regulatory region (Ser57 and Ser198/203) using phosphospecific antibodies: both sites showed the same kinetics of inactivation." SIGNOR-248643 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC2R protein Q01718 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000047 20371771 t lperfetto "Here, we show that, whereas MRAP was essential for activation of MC2R signaling, MRAP2 was an endogenous inhibitor that competed with MRAP for binding to MC2R and decreased the potency of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the endogenous agonist for MC2Rs, in stimulating the production of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)." SIGNOR-268615 GPR34 protein Q9UPC5 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256831 ASIP protein P42127 UNIPROT MC2R protein Q01718 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and α, β, and γ melanocyte–stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268695 MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT MYH1 protein P12882 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238748 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser144 NAGNKRLsTIDESGS 9606 BTO:0000567 14744859 t llicata "It was found that the 5A fragment in which five Ser/Thr residues were substituted with Ala (S144A/T145A/S185A/T186A/S187A) fully prevented phosphorylation (Fig. 5B), confirming that Aurora B primarily phosphorylates five Ser/Thr residues in the basic region of MgcRacGAP. | the strong phosphorylation of the basic region of MgcRacGAP by Aurora B kinase was demonstrated, and this phosphorylation prevents the inhibition of MgcRacGAP GAP activity by PRC1" SIGNOR-250586 MRAP protein Q8TCY5 UNIPROT MC2R protein Q01718 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling.We have previously identified MRAP as an accessory protein for MC2R, required for receptor trafficking to the cell surface and the formation of a functional MC2R. Here we have identified MRAP2 as a homologue of MRAP. Like MRAP, MRAP2 is able to support MC2R cell-surface expression, producing a functional ACTH-responsive receptor." SIGNOR-252360 GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257167 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-189632 5-[(Z)-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-2,4-dimethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide chemical CID:73755145 PUBCHEM PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258288 HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256999 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58681 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34283828 t miannu "In humans, GART [phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) / phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (EC 6.3.4.13) / phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1)] is a trifunctional protein which catalyzes the second, third, and fifth reactions of the ten step de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) pathway. The second step of DNPS is conversion of phosphoribosylamine (5-PRA) to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR)." SIGNOR-267298 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 GGLSRSStVASLDTD 9813144 t llicata "The point mutation T38D localized within the optimal CaMKII recognition motif of ICAP-1alpha results in a strong defect in cell spreading which cannot be overcome by the inhibition of the endogenous CaMKII. This fact strongly suggests that the phosphorylation of Threonine 38 by CaMKII modulates the alpha5beta1 integrin function. Conversely, the mutation T38A produces an analog of ICAP-1alpha that cannot be phosphorylated and that stimulates cell spreading on fibronectin to a similar extent when CaMKII is inhibited." SIGNOR-250632 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser242 NQRKAKRsLAPRFDL 9606 11152499 t tpavlidou "We previously identified four autophosphorylated amino acids and elucidated their participation in pkr activation.Replacement Of all four of these residues in pkr with alanines did not dramatically affect kinase activity in vitro or in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.However, when coupled with mutations of serine 242 and threonines 255 and 258 in the central region, these mutations increased pkr protein expression in mammalian cells, consistent with diminished kinase activity." SIGNOR-85765 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1623 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273072 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1721 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273073 PSMC3 protein P17980 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263369 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation." SIGNOR-265919 BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser463 SPHNPISsVS 9606 BTO:0000416 9136927 t lperfetto "Here, we report that BMP receptors phosphorylate and activate Smad1 directly. Phosphorylation of Smad1 in vivo involves serines in the carboxy-terminal motif SSXS. These residues are phosphorylated directly by a BMP type I receptor in vitro" SIGNOR-217985 GAS6 protein Q14393 UNIPROT AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7867073 t gcesareni "Receptor tyrosine kinases of the axl family are activated by the vitamin k-dependent protein gas6. We report the identification of ligands for tyro 3 (alternatively called sky, rse, brt, or tif) and axl (alternatively, ark or ufo), members of a previously orphan family of receptor-like tyrosine kinases. These ligands correspond to protein s, a protease regulator that is a potent anticoagulant, and gas6, a protein related to protein s but lacking any known function." SIGNOR-34339 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser421 DNCASVSsPYESAIG 9534 BTO:0000298 12756254 t miannu "After mapping JNK-dependent JIP1 phosphorylation sites and testing their functional significance, it was observed that phosphorylation by JNK of JIP1 on Thr-103 and not other phosphorylated JIP1 residues is necessary for the regulation of DLK association with JIP1, DLK activation, and subsequent module activation. The data presented corroborates our previous observations using endogenous proteins, demonstrates that JNK binding to JIP1 is necessary for module activation, and shows that activation of JIP1-JNK module dynamics requires phosphorylation of JIP1 on Thr-103 by JNK. and Thr-205 are phosphorylated directly by JNK after JNK binds to JIP1." SIGNOR-250126 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR CUL5 protein Q93034 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243166 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT HAND1 protein O96004 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268941 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT FANCI protein Q9NVI1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser730 LDKSADFsQSTSIGI 9606 BTO:0000007 17412408 t "Three phosphorylation sites were detected in a human KIAA1794 protein: S730, T952, S1121, and two other sites in the mouse protein S555, T558. We renamed the KIAA1794 protein as FANCI, since, as shown below, the locus encoding this protein is mutated in an individual with Fanconi anemia complementation group I" SIGNOR-255590 NCR2 protein O95944 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000914 22021614 f miannu "NK cells play an important role in the early immune response to cancer. The NKp44 activating receptor is the only natural cytotoxicity receptor that is expressed exclusively by primate NK cells, yet its cellular ligands remain largely unknown. Proliferating cell nuclear Ag (PCNA) is overexpressed in cancer cells. In this study, we show that the NKp44 receptor recognizes PCNA. Their interaction inhibits NK cell function through NKp44/ITIM." SIGNOR-260044 FER protein P16591 UNIPROT PECAM1 protein P16284 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr690 PLNSDVQyTEVQVSS 9606 BTO:0000007 12972546 t miannu "PECAM-1 Is Phosphorylated by Fer and, To a Lesser Extent, by Fes. These results suggest that Fer not only functions as a tyrosine kinase for PECAM-1 but also that Fer modulates the downstream signaling of PECAM-1 by inducing phosphorylation of SHP-2 and Gab1." SIGNOR-262865 P2RY13 protein Q9BPV8 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257027 FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1242 ATSMFDDyQGDSSTL 9606 9722576 t lperfetto "Receptor tyrosine phosphorylation is crucial for signal transduction by creating high affinity binding sites for src homology 2 domain-containing molecules. By expressing the intracellular domain of flt-1/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in the baculosystem, we identified two major tyrosine phosphorylation sites at tyr-1213 and tyr-1242 and two minor tyrosine phosphorylation sites at tyr-1327 and tyr-1333 in this receptor." SIGNOR-59754 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 9606 BTO:0000356 10400703 t "The tumor suppressor PTEN is a phosphatase with sequence homology to tensin. PTEN dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and it can inhibit cell growth, invasion, migration, and focal adhesions. We investigated molecular interactions of PTEN and FAK in glioblastoma and breast cancer cells lacking PTEN. The PTEN trapping mutant D92A bound wild-type FAK, requiring FAK autophosphorylation site Tyr397" SIGNOR-248547 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258010 LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr161;Tyr200 DDYHNPGyLVVLPDS;SMESIDDyVNVPESG 11368773 t lperfetto "By substituting these tyrosine residues in LAT with phenylalanine and by utilizing phosphorylated peptides derived from these sites, we mapped the tyrosine residues in LAT required for the direct interaction and activation of Vav, p85/p110alpha and phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1). Our results indicate that Tyr(226) and Tyr(191) are required for Vav binding, whereas Tyr(171) and Tyr(132) are necessary for association and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and PLCgamma1 respectively." SIGNOR-246055 BBS9 protein Q3SYG4 UNIPROT "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 19081074 t lperfetto "We recently showed that seven highly conserved BBS proteins form a stable complex, the BBSome, that functions in membrane trafficking to and inside the primary cilium.|As a first step in characterizing this protein, we investigated the biochemical properties of its binding to the core BBSome (previously defined as the BBS1, -2, -4, -5, -7, -8, and -9 complex). We subjected the native LAP-BBS4 eluate to velocity sedimentation analysis (Figure 1C). BBIP10 clearly cosedimented with BBS4 at 14S, suggesting that BBIP10 strongly associates with the core BBSome" SIGNOR-262555 MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 8700832 t 2 miannu "Msx-1 is a potent transcriptional repressor and that this activity is independent of its DNA binding function. Here we show that Msx-1 interacts directly with the TATA binding protein (TBP) but not with several other general transcription factors. This interaction is mediated by the Msx-1 homeodomain, specifically through residues in the N-terminal arm. These same N-terminal arm residues are required for repression by Msx-1, suggesting a functional relationship between TBP association and transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-240401 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-142147 "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25883140 t miannu "The chromatin-remodelling complex B-WICH, comprised of William syndrome transcription factor, the ATPase SNF2h and nuclear myosin, specifically activates RNA polymerase III transcription of the 5S rRNA and 7SL genes." SIGNOR-268841 MAP3K21 protein Q5TCX8 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser218 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 9606 23319808 t Manara "These experiments showed that MEK1 is phosphorylated by MLK4 on Ser217/221" SIGNOR-260767 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine smallmolecule CHEBI:44811 ChEBI PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257567 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT ITGA7 protein Q13683 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 8798472 t lperfetto "Only myogenin and MyoD were able to efficiently trans-activate the alpha7 promoter-CAT construct (Fig. 7). Myogenin trans-activated the promoter by _2-fold whereas MyoD was able to trans-activate by nearly 4-fold, indicating that both of these factors may play a role in alpha7 gene expression during muscle development." SIGNOR-241518 ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003858 16051604 t lperfetto "Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein/Thrombospondin 5 Supports Chondrocyte Attachment through Interaction with Integrins|We show that COMP/TSP5 can support chondrocyte attachment and that the RGD sequence in COMP/TSP5 and the integrin receptors alpha5beta1 and alphaVbeta3 on the chondrocytes are involved in mediating this attachment. The interactions of COMP/TSP5 with the integrins are dependent on COMP/TSP5 conformation." SIGNOR-266987 PTCRA protein Q6ISU1 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 1717999 t lperfetto "Stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of cellular proteins, including phospholipase C (PLC) gamma 1 and the TCR zeta chain. We describe here a 70-kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein (ZAP-70) that associates with zeta within 15 sec following TCR stimulation. The phosphorylation of ZAP-70 and its association with zeta is independent of the other TCR chains" SIGNOR-134325 MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257171 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 12110590 t gcesareni "Here, we show that in fibroblasts, insulin, epidermal growth factor (egf) and serum activate atf2 via a so far unknown two-step mechanism involving two distinct ras effector pathways: the raf-mek-erk pathway induces phosphorylation of atf2 thr71, whereas subsequent atf2 thr69 phosphorylation requires the ral-ralgds-src-p38 pathway." SIGNOR-90521 PHF10 protein Q8WUB8 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270598 NDUFS5 protein O43920 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262179 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000847 9767234 f miannu "MSH receptor (MSH-R) binding activity was upregulated by UVB, IL-1alpha, -1beta and ET-1, but was downregulated by TNF-alpha.Northern blotanalysis showed that MC1-R mRNA expression was induced 24 h after UVB irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and that 24-h treatment with ET-1 also induced an expression of MC1-R mRNA,whereas TNF-a downregulated the expression. In addition, IL-1a and -1b have a small but real inductiveeffect on MC1-R mRNA expression." SIGNOR-252381 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser337 FVQLRRKsDLETSEP 9606 SIGNOR-C13 17959673 t llicata "In this study, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of p50 and p65 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac) is essential for nf-kappab dna binding and transactivation activity. treatment with h89 and knockdown of pkac in cells led to the inhibition of phosphorylation at p50 ser(337) and p65 ser(276) and loss of dna binding by nf-kappab." SIGNOR-158595 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000746 27777311 t "We show that in addition, DEX-bound GR directly promotes the expression of adipogenic TFs, including C/EBPβ, Klf5, Klf9, and C/EBPα" SIGNOR-256116 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BANP protein Q8N9N5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr337 VKSFSRRtPNSSSYC 9606 BTO:0000567 26080397 t miannu "ERK-MAPK pathway that regulates alternative splicing facilitates ERK-1/2-mediated phosphorylation of SMAR1 at threonines 345 and 360 and localizes SMAR1 to the cytoplasm, preventing its interaction with Sam68." SIGNOR-266377 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser742 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY -1 10867018 t lperfetto "The last two autophosphorylation sites (Ser(744) and Ser(748)) are located in the activation loop but are only phosphorylated in the isolated PKD-catalytic domain and not in the full-length PKD; they may affect enzyme catalysis but are not involved in the activation of wild-type PKD by phorbol ester. | These results indicate that neither of the activation loop serines is involved in PDBu-induced activation but that they may be involved in catalysis or in maintaining the conformation of the enzyme prot" SIGNOR-249047 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 32471307 t lperfetto "A major kinase for GPCR‐induced CPI‐17 phosphorylation is PKC which is activated by the PLCbeta‐produced signaling messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It phosphorylates CPI‐17 at Thr38 residue that directly docks at the active site of MLCP, thereby inhibiting its activity and promoting an increase of phosphorylation of myosin and of other MLCP.| CPI-17 can be also directly phosphorylated at Thr38 residue by MYPT1-associated kinase [222], by PAK, which is downstream of Rac and/or Cdc42 cascade [223], by Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) [224] and by PKN [225]." SIGNOR-123226 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr285 TEADGELyVFNTPSG 9606 BTO:0000018 10734310 t miannu "Gab-1 is phosphorylated on the same residues by HGF and EGF receptors. Among 16 peptides only nine were phosphorylated by the EGF and HGF receptors, namely peptides containing the tyrosine residues 285, 307, 373, 407, 448, 473, 590, 628 and 660. we show that in the response to HGF or EGF, Gab1 is phosphorylated in vivo on the same residues. However, a sustained activation of signaling pathways downstream to Gab1 (as a result of its sustained phosphorylation) is achieved only in response to HGF." SIGNOR-250552 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser68 RSLSRSIsQSSTDSY 10090 17635105 t "Moreover, IRBIT-associated PP1 specifically dephosphorylated Ser68 of IRBIT. Phosphorylation of Ser68 was required for subsequent phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74, but the latter two sites were not targeted by PP1. We found that phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74 were sufficient to enable inhibition of IP3 binding to the IP3R|Given the importance of phosphorylation for the function of IRBIT in suppressing IP3R activity [7,10], in the present study, we searched for a protein phosphatase involved in the dephosphorylation and, hence, inactivation of IRBIT. We found that IRBIT contains a specific well-conserved binding site for PP1." SIGNOR-248555 CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16481469 t gcesareni "Gli2 is phosphorylated by gsk3 and ck1 for the fbxw11 (betatrcp2)-mediated degradation ci is phosphorylated by pka at multiple sites priming phosphorylation by both gsk3 and cki, leading to partial proteolysis. The pka, gsk3, and cki sites are conserved in gli2 and gli3, vertebrate homologs of ci that are similarly processed" SIGNOR-144551 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT CARS2 protein Q9HA77 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269417 GRM1 protein Q13255 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264077 AARS1 protein P49588 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32314272 t miannu "Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N)." SIGNOR-270449 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser24 APIRRRSsNYRAYAT -1 11121119 t lperfetto "In addition to the established phosphorylation sites (S22 and S23) we found that S38 and S165 were the other two main sites of phosphorylation. | Phosphorylation of S22/23A also decreased its affinity for troponin C indicating that phosphorylation of S38 and/or S165 impedes binding of troponin I to troponin C. Formation of a troponin I/troponin C complex prior to cAMP-dependent protein kinase treatment did not prevent overphosphorylation." SIGNOR-249067 NEXMIF protein Q5QGS0 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0000938 27822498 f miannu "The X-Linked Autism Protein KIAA2022/KIDLIA Regulates Neurite Outgrowth via N-Cadherin and δ-Catenin Signaling. We found that KIDLIA is distributed exclusively in the nucleus" SIGNOR-269659 GXYLT2 protein A0PJZ3 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22117070 t "Xylosylation in ER membrane." gcesareni "Recently, we have shown (28) that two members of the human glycosyltransferase 8 family (gt8) (29), gxylt1 and gxylt2 (glucoside-xylosyltransferase 1/2), are able to transfer the first alfa1,3-linked xylose to o-glucosylated mammalian notch egf repeats." SIGNOR-177714 bromocriptine chemical CHEBI:3181 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258367 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 15808510 t gcesareni "Ikkalpha in conjunction with eralpha and aib1/src-3, is important in activating the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes, including cyclin d1." SIGNOR-135053 NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 14572442 t "Gamma secretase subunit. Leads to PS1/PS2 eterodimer complex stabilisation" gcesareni "Nicastrin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, forms high molecular weight complexes with presenilin 1 and presenilin 2." SIGNOR-118852 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11242034 t "Phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif." gcesareni "A map kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk), termed ask1, was identified that activated two different subs of map kinase kinases (mapkk), sek1 (or mkk4) and mkk3/mapkk6 (or mkk6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (sapk, also known as jnk;c-jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subs of map kinases, respectively. Here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1)." SIGNOR-105692 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser176 TNAENTAsQSPRTRG 9606 19789335 t gcesareni "Our data demonstrated that ask1 controls the cytoplasmic localization of daxx (fig.1). our results indicate that daxx not only activates ask1 but also is a downstream target of ask1 and that accumulated daxx further activates ask1. Thus, the daxx-ask1 positive feedback loop amplifying jnk/p38 signaling plays an important role in the cell-killing effects of stressors, such as tnfalpha." SIGNOR-188321 CSF1 protein P09603 UNIPROT CSF3R protein Q99062 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16492764 t gcesareni "A crystal structure of the signaling complex between human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (gcsf) and a ligand binding region of gcsf receptor (gcsf-r), has been determined to 2.8 a resolution" SIGNOR-144737 "prostaglandin H2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57405 ChEBI "prostaglandin G2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:82629 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 7592599 t Luana "[14C]Arachidonate metabolism by oPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2 was examined in reactions with a series of GSP/Cox ratios (Fig. 3). The principal metabolite for both isoforms was the endoperoxide PGH2, with lesser amounts of PGF2a, PGE2, PGD2," SIGNOR-269769 "Food intake" phenotype SIGNOR-PH152 SIGNOR "folic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:27470 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 19706381 f lperfetto "The U.S. Reference Daily Intake (Daily Value) for FA is 0.4 mg for adults to aid in the prevention of birth defects and anemia, or double this amount for pregnant or lactating women." SIGNOR-268262 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser435 TLASERSsPQRKSQR -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). From these data we conclude that T373 is the predominant site of phosphorylation, with a low level of phosphorylation at S413 and/or S414. An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262747 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 15611135 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that ptpl1, like ptp1b, interacts with and dephosphorylates a bis-phosphorylated insulin receptor peptide more efficiently than monophosphorylated peptides, indicating that ptpl1 may down-regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, by dephosphorylating insulin or growth factor receptors that contain tandem phosphotyrosines." SIGNOR-132563 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1423 AVLEQHGsQPSNSYP 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serine 1387 in brca1 is specifically required for the atm-mediated s-phase checkpoint after ionizing irradiation.We recently reported that brca1 function is required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the s-phase and the g2 phase of the cell cycle. We also found that mutation of serine 1423 in brca1, a target of atm phosphorylation, abrogates the g2-m checkpoint but not the ionizing irradiation-induced s-phase checkpoint. Here we demonstrate that mutation of serine 1387 in brca1, another target of atm phosphorylation, conversely abrogates the radiation-induced s-phase arrest but does not affect the g2-m checkpoint." SIGNOR-72052 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser42 AKKKSKIsASRKLQL 9606 BTO:0000887 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134613 5-(1,1-Dimethylheptyl)-2-[5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl]phenol chemical CID:104895 PUBCHEM CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257473 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT IEX-1L protein O75353 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9703517 f gcesareni "Transcription factors of the nuclear factor-kappab/rel (nf-kappab) family may be important in cell survival by regulating unidentified, anti-apoptotic genes. One such gene that protects cells from apoptosis induced by fas or tumor necrosis factor type alpha (tnf), iex-1l, is described here." SIGNOR-59542 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 14522900 f miannu " In this study, we found that a subset of ING family members strongly repressed human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter activity but stimulated the p21(WAF1) promoter in parallel experiments in the same cell type, similar to the effects of p53. Both ING1 and p53 were able to suppress AFP transcription and cause p21 induction; hSIR2, a negative regulator of the p53 protein, showed the opposite effects on the AFP promoter and, like HDAC1, repressed p21 promoter activity." SIGNOR-254487 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TBL1XR1 protein Q9BZK7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser123 AAASQQGsAKNGENT 9606 18374649 t Manara "In addition, we describe that the functions and the specificity of these two highly- related exchange factors is tightly regulated by signal-induced phosphorylation events at the level of target gene promoters, as exemplified by the role of TBLR1 phosphorylation at Ser 123 by PKCδ upon retinoic acid or estrogen stimulation." SIGNOR-260903 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR G2/M_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH52 SIGNOR up-regulates 15549093 f lperfetto "The critical target of the G2 checkpoint is the mitosis-promoting activity of the cyclin B/CDK1 kinase, whose activation after various stresses is inhibited by ATM/ATR, CHK1/CHK2 and/or p38-kinase-mediated subcellular sequestration, degradation and/or inhibition of the CDC25 family of phosphatases that normally activate CDK1 at the G2/M boundary" SIGNOR-251497 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1678 ITSEEERsPAKRGRK -1 30685087 t lperfetto "Nuclear import of 53BP1 is required for proper localization of 53BP1 and maintenance of genome integrity. 53BP1 has a classical bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) of sequence 1666-GKRKLITSEEERSPAKRGRKS-1686. Ser1678 within the 53BP1 NLS can be phosphorylated by CDK1/cyclin B, and a phosphomimetic substitution of Ser1678 with aspartate has been shown to negatively regulate nuclear import of 53BP1." SIGNOR-264412 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1626 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120088 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11279155 t gcesareni "These results demonstrate that egfr-erbb2 oligomers are potent activators of mapk and akt, and this signaling does not require egfr kinase activity" SIGNOR-106500 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 20444238 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-270051 PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT NFX1 protein Q12986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000009 17267499 t Simone "We identifiednew protein partners of NFX1-123, including several cytoplasmic poly(A) binding proteins (PABPCs) thatinteracted with NFX1-123 through its N-terminal PAM2 motif. Central to our findings were our observations that PABPCs copurify with NFX1-123, that a PAM2 motif is present in NFX1, and this motif and the PABPCs are important in the enhancement of hTERT activity by NFX1-123." SIGNOR-261052 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT WARS2 protein Q9UGM6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269411 Selinexor chemical CID:71481097 PUBCHEM XPO1 protein O14980 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 30510142 t miannu "Selinexor (KPT-330) is a first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export (C17H11F6N7O; see ref. 4; for its chemical structure). The drug binds and inhibits exportin XPO-1 that mediates nuclear export of proteins and mRNAs." SIGNOR-262537 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT STK36 protein Q9NRP7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17089004 t gcesareni "Smo then activates stk36 serine/threonine kinase to stabilize gli family members and to phosphorylate sufu for nuclear accumulation of gli.| sufu binds to the kinesin cos2 to transduce the hh signal downstream of smo" SIGNOR-150540 ELE1-RET "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP10 SIGNOR SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16946010 t miannu "RET/PTC is tumorigenic in thyroid follicular cells; it transforms thyroid cells in culture and gives rise to thyroid carcinomas in transgenic mice. effects of RET/PTC activation require signaling along the MAPK pathway and, more specifically, the presence of the functional BRAF kinase. all breakpoints in the RET gene occur within intron 11, leaving intact the TK domain of the receptor and enabling the RET/PTC oncoprotein to bind SHC via Y1062 and activate the RAS-RAF-MAPK cascade" SIGNOR-251985 CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR down-regulates 15601859 f lperfetto "A hallmark characteristic of epithelial tumor progression as well as some processes of normal development is the loss of the epithelial phenotype and acquisition of a motile or mesenchymal phenotype. Such epithelial to mesenchymal transitions are accompanied by the loss of E-cadherin function by either transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms." SIGNOR-252261 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20957627 t gcesareni "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common smad (co-smad; smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-168737 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT RETREG3 protein Q86VR2 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000934 23939472 f lperfetto "We found that NRF-1 positively regulates FAM134C and ENOX1, but negatively regulates C3orf10 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells and primary rat cortical neurons. In IMR-32 cells, FAM134C positively regulates and C3orf10 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth, but ENOX1 plays no role in neurite outgrowth regulation. " SIGNOR-261489 MRPL43 protein Q8N983 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262353 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser714 DNIPEMPsPKKMHQG -1 28143904 t lperfetto "Together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylated DNMT1-Ser730, RBBP7-Ser314, and HAT1-Ser190|AMPK decreased DNMT1 activity" SIGNOR-264783 LAMC1 protein P11047 UNIPROT Laminin-9 complex SIGNOR-C180 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10809728 t lperfetto "Laminins are a large family of heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins that, in addition to having structural roles, take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The laminin alpha(4) chain is widely distributed both in adults and during development in tissues such as cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle fibers, vascular endothelia, lungs, and in peripheral nerves. It can associate with laminin beta(1)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-8 and with the beta(2)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-9." SIGNOR-253225 KDM3B protein Q7LBC6 UNIPROT UCP1 protein P25874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0005964 19194461 t miannu "We show that Jhdm2a expression is induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation, and that Jhdm2a directly regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Ppara) and Ucp1 expression." SIGNOR-266638 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24801505 t miannu "Androgen receptor (ar) action throughout prostate development and in maintenance of the prostatic epithelium is partly controlled by interactions between ar and forkhead box (fox) transcription factors, particularly foxa1./ Foxa1 is capable of bringing ar and nfix into proximity, indicating that foxa1 facilitates the ar and nfi interaction by bridging the complex." SIGNOR-205027 CRYAB protein P02511 UNIPROT CRYGD protein P07320 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20621668 t miannu "Human gamma-crystallins are long-lived, unusually stable proteins of the eye lens exhibiting duplicated, double Greek key domains. The lens also contains high concentrations of the small heat shock chaperone alpha-crystallin, which suppresses aggregation of model substrates in vitro. Mature-onset cataract is believed to represent an aggregated state of partially unfolded and covalently damaged crystallins. The alphaB-crystallin oligomers formed long-lived stable complexes with their gammaD-crystallin substrates. These in vitro results provide support for protein unfolding/protein aggregation models for cataract, with alpha-crystallin suppressing aggregation of damaged or unfolded proteins through early adulthood but becoming saturated with advancing age." SIGNOR-253621 FNIP2 protein Q9P278 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t miannu "FNIP1 and FNIP2 facilitate FLCN binding to Hsp90 chaperone. Our results suggest that FNIP1 is a potent inhibitor of Hsp90 ATPase activity, as 200 nM of FNIP1 inhibits Hsp90 ATPase activity by 50-fold. FNIP2 also has shown inhibitory activity towards Hsp90; however, it required 1.6 μM of FNIP2 to inhibit the ATPase activity by eightfold. Although we use the term ‘inhibition' here, FNIPs seem only to be slowing the chaperone cycle." SIGNOR-261414 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 YLEMDLSsPQTRYIP 9606 BTO:0000149 24342355 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that perk 1/2 can phosphorylate pro-caspase-8 at s387 by knocking-down the endogenous pro-caspase-8 using rnai and replacing it with its non-phosphorylatable counterpart (s387a), a significant increase in caspase-8 activity" SIGNOR-244509 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser376 LQESQAGsDTDVEEG 9606 18678890 t gcesareni "The mdc1-nbs1 interaction occurs through a specific region (residues 200-420) of mdc1, which contains multiple consensus casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-179879 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-133231 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1931 SPTSPTYsPTSPKGS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273074 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA -1 10949026 t gcesareni "Survival factors, acting through kinases such as Akt and PKA, induce endogenous BAD phosphorylation at two evolutionarily conserved sites, Ser-112 and Ser-136, which leads to the translocation of BAD from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and the inhibition of BAD-dependent death" SIGNOR-180780 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1896 SPTSPTYsPTSPVYT 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273076 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16963226 t gcesareni "Pkcalfa, but not pkcbeta, is the predominant cpkc isoenzyme required for cpla2 protein phosphorylation and maximal induction of cpla2 enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-149406 PNMT protein P11086 UNIPROT noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33569 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 7961964 t brain lperfetto "In the adrenal medulla NA (noradrenaline) is N-methylated by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28) to form A (adrenaline)." SIGNOR-264008 WNT4 protein P56705 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131835 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MKNK2 protein Q9HBH9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9155017 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk and p38 phosphorylate mnk1 and mnk2, which stimulates their in vitro kinase activity." SIGNOR-270204 "okadaic acid" chemical CHEBI:44658 ChEBI STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23493077 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Okadaic acid has been frequently used to enhance the phosphorylation of mst1 and mst2 and to trigger the activation of the hippo pathway." SIGNOR-269947 TRPC4AP protein Q8TEL6 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20551172 t miannu "We characterize a new Myc-interacting factor, TRPC4AP (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4-associated protein)/TRUSS (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated ubiquitous scaffolding and signaling protein), which is the receptor for a DDB1 (damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1)-CUL4 (Cullin 4) E3 ligase complex for selective Myc degradation through the proteasome. TRPC4AP/TRUSS binds specifically to the Myc C terminus and promotes its ubiquitination and destruction through the recognition of evolutionarily conserved domains in the Myc N terminus. " SIGNOR-271964 UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT TRIM9 protein Q9C026 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20085810 t miannu "Collectively, these results indicated that TRIM9 is an E3 ligase for its self-ubiquitination and that the ubiquitination of TRIM9 likely serves as a signal for proteasomal degradation. As shown in Fig. 1A, TRIM9 was ubiquitinated by itself when incubated with UbcH5b. In contrast, ubiquitination was observed when incubated with other E2 enzymes. These results suggest that TRIM9 cooperates with UbcH5b for its self-ubiquitination. N" SIGNOR-271420 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000562 9211863 t gcesareni "Heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activation by insulin results from ser-466 and ser-483 phosphorylation and requires 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, but not protein kinase b." SIGNOR-49367 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TLK2 protein Q86UE8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser750 PHIRKSVsTSSPAGA -1 12955071 t miannu "Chk1 phosphorylates GST-fusion fragments of TLK1 in vitro.When Chk1 protein was depleted in cells transfected with pSuper-Chk1, TLK activity was not suppressed after short aphidicolin treatment of S-phase cells (Figure 8a, b)." SIGNOR-262740 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT HAPLN1 protein P10915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage His31 LDHDRAIhIQAENGP -1 7694569 t miannu "Matrix metalloproteinases cleave at two distinct sites on human cartilage link protein. Sequencing studies of modified link protein components revealed that stromelysins-1 and -2, gelatinases A and B and collagenase cleaved specifically between His16 and Ile17, and matrilysin, stromelysin-2 and gelatinase A cleaved between Leu25 and Leu26. Based on previously determined in situ cleavage sites it is evident that matrix metalloproteinases are not solely responsible for the accumulation of link protein degradation products in adult human cartilage, indicating that additional proteolytic agents are involved in the normal catabolism of human cartilage matrix." SIGNOR-256327 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr407 SGLSMSSySVPRTPD 9606 18280240 t llicata "In this study, we show that c-abl directly phosphorylates yap1 at position y357 in response to dna damage. Tyrosine-phosphorylated yap1 is a more stable protein that displays higher affinity to p73 and selectively coactivates p73 proapoptotic target genes." SIGNOR-160860 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 11907276 f amattioni "Caspase-3 cleaves parp-1. During cd95-mediated apoptosis proteolytic inactivation of parp-1 by caspases prevents atp depletion and thereby ensures the execution of the apoptotic process" SIGNOR-111680 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys276 NVVYRDLkLENLMLD 10090 BTO:0002572 23884910 t gcesareni "Although multiple sites on Akt could be SUMOylated, K276 was identified as a major SUMO acceptor site. K276R or E278A mutation reduced SUMOylation of Akt but had little effect on its ubiquitination. Strikingly, these mutations also completely abolished Akt kinase activity. In support of these results, we found that expression of PIAS1 and SUMO1 increased Akt activity, whereas expression of SENP1 reduced Akt1 activity." SIGNOR-252735 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser398 WKRLRSHsRQYVSGL 9606 BTO:0000975 10101032 t "Translocation from Endosome to Lysosome" fspada "Ser396 and ser398 are also potential phosphorylation sites for capk, cgmp-dependent protein kinase, and camk ii. Elevation of intracellular camp content has been shown to attenuate histamine-induced accumulation of ip in c6 glioma cells (peakman and hill, 1994) and in ddt1 mf-2 smooth muscle cells (sipma et al., 1995" SIGNOR-66019 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr386 YRARVANyQRDGPMC 9606 12950161 t lperfetto "C-abl and arg phosphorylated catalase at tyr231 and tyr386 in vitrocatalase is a major effector in the defense of aerobic cells against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that catalase activity is stimulated by the c-abl and arg tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-86585 QOCYWLABLBUJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chemical CID:53299324 PUBCHEM SLC6A3 protein Q01959 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 18487050 t Luana "For [3H]paroxetine, [3H]citalopram, [3H]nisoxetine, and [3H]WIN35,428 the following KD values were obtained on the human monoamine transporters hSERT, hNET, and hDAT by homologous competition experiments: 0.69 nM [3H]paroxetine, 4.46 nM [3H]citalopram, 6.77 nM [3H]nisoxetine, and 24.1 [3H]WIN35,428. " SIGNOR-257796 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT G1/S_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH50 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21524151 f lperfetto "In its hypophosphorylated state, pRb binds transcription factors of the E2F family which are required for cell cycle progression. As the level of CyclinD/Cdk4/6 complexes increases, pRb becomes phosphorylated and progression through G1 occurs. At a critical level of phosphorylation, E2F is released from pRb. This activates the transcription of CyclinE which complexes with Cdk2 to fully release pRb repression by further phosphorylation, establishing a positive feedback loop. E2F further promotes the transcription of S-phase genes. Thus, CyclinD/Cdk4/6 and CyclinE/Cdk2 together regulate S-phase entry via phosphorylating pRb, which controls pRb binding to E2F" SIGNOR-245477 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser527 RFRKRTHsAGTSPTI -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251296 ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257279 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser115 PAPSSFSsTSVSSLE 9606 20305697 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-164629 GTF2F2 protein P13984 UNIPROT POLR2E protein P19388 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 11278533 t miannu "Direct Interaction Between the Subunit RAP30 of Transcription Factor IIF (TFIIF) and RNA Polymerase Subunit 5, Which Contributes to the Association Between TFIIF and RNA Polymerase II. we showed that RPB5 binds RAP30 but not RAP74 and associates to TFIIF through the binding to RAP30." SIGNOR-261179 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 9372954 t llicata "We have mapped a major site of phosphorylation by cak to ser-33 of p53 and have demonstrated as well that p53 is phosphorylated at this site in vivo." SIGNOR-269326 CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT MAP4K5 protein Q9Y4K4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9788432 t lperfetto "Two novel candidates for signalling partners of Crk family adapter proteins, the hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) and the kinase homologous to SPS1/STE20 (KHS), were found to bind with great selectivity to the first SH3 domains of c-Crk and CRKL.|These results make it likely that HPK1 and KHS participate in the signal transduction of Crk family adapter proteins in certain cell types." SIGNOR-262830 SMDT1 protein Q9H4I9 UNIPROT MCU_MICU3_variant complex SIGNOR-C501 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270870 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser477 NSMNKLPsVSQLINP 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180747 H2AZ1 protein P0C0S5 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C322 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24311584 t miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression. However, no structural differences between H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 have been reported. In the present study, the crystal structures of nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 were determined." SIGNOR-263715 IL1A protein P01583 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 19005488 f miannu "UVB and proinflammatory cytokines synergistically activate TNF-alpha production in keratinocytes through enhanced gene transcription. UVB and IL-1alpha treatment synergistically enhanced TNF-alpha secretion and mRNA levels in human keratinocytes, similar to the findings reported previously in human fibroblasts." SIGNOR-252209 TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20459685 f miannu "Cd2+ reduced the interaction of beta-catenin with AJ components (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin) and increased binding to the transcription factor TCF4 of the Wnt pathway, which was upregulated and translocated to the nucleus. While Wnt target genes (c-Myc, cyclin D1 and ABCB1) were up-regulated by Cd2+, electromobility shift assays showed increased TCF4 binding to cyclin D1 and ABCB1 promoter sequences with Cd2+. Overexpression of wild-type and mutant TCF4 confirmed Cd2+-induced Wnt signaling." SIGNOR-255389 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKGR 9606 10454565 t "Phosphatase activity of Cdc25A is critical for its activating capacity (data not shown). In this context, it should also be mentioned that Cdc25A is able to activate cyclin B-Cdk1 in vitro" SIGNOR-248480 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273077 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT EDF1 protein O60869 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr91 GRQSKGLtQKDLATK 9606 BTO:0001949 10816571 t lperfetto "EDF-1 was phosphorylated in vitro by PKC in the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipids | This results shows that introduction of a single negative charge by phosphorylation at Thr-91 inhibited CaM-EDF-1 interactions." SIGNOR-249041 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT SOX17 protein Q9H6I2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253168 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser211 PGKETNEsPWRSDLL 9606 23650397 t gcesareni "SGK1 also potentiated and maintained GR activation in the presence of cortisol, and even after cortisol withdrawal, by increasing GR phosphorylation and GR nuclear translocation|Having demonstrated that SGK1 mediates the cortisol-induced increase in GR phosphorylation at the S203 and S211 phospho-sites, which enhance GR nuclear translocation, but not at the S226 site, which inhibits nuclear translocation" SIGNOR-251670 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9528780 f gcesareni "In transient-transfection assays we show that truncated notch-1 strongly induces nf-kappab2 promoter activity." SIGNOR-56097 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser215 KLDTFCGsPPYAAPE 9606 BTO:0000568 12879020 t lperfetto "Regulation of the wnt signalling component par1a by the peutz-jeghers syndrome kinase lkb1. Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1. Mark3 is activated by phosphorylation on thr-211." SIGNOR-104059 GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257356 PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16556735 t miannu "We demonstrate that PPARalpha plays a specific role in the peripheral circadian control because it is required to maintain the circadian rhythm of the master clock gene brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (bmal1) in vivo. This regulation occurs via a direct binding of PPARalpha on a potential PPARalpha response element located in the bmal1 promoter. Reversely, BMAL1 is an upstream regulator of PPARalpha gene expression." SIGNOR-268024 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1364 DDLNNYDsDDQEKQS 9606 20664522 t lperfetto "Herein, we have identified polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) and casein kinase 2 (ck2) as two kinases of clip-170 and mapped s195 and s1318 as their respective phosphorylation sites.Plk1- and ck2-associated phosphorylations of clip-170 are involved in the timely formation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments in mitosis" SIGNOR-167168 S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT Macrophage_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH99 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 18809714 f miannu "We report here that up-regulation of S100A9 in myeloid precursors in cancer inhibits DC and macrophage differentiation and induces accumulation of MDSCs. This may represent a universal molecular mechanism of tumor-induced abnormalities in myeloid cells in cancer, directly linking inflammation and immune suppression." SIGNOR-261933 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257649 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9031 BTO:0000140 12478285 t lperfetto "Noggin binds the domain that is re-quired for bmp-7 to interact with bmp type i and type ii receptors (PMID 22298955).Noggin Inhibits bmp by blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type i and type ii receptors." SIGNOR-219221 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t lperfetto "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3). the dual specificity phosphatases that specifically dephosphorylate and inactivate the p-erk1/2 are called mapk phosphatases" SIGNOR-264665 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT Monocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH101 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 19706798 f "Conditional cebpa deficiency in adult mice blocks the transition from common myeloid progenitors (CMP) to granulocyte monocyte progenitors (GMP) resulting in the accumulation of myeloid blasts" SIGNOR-259965 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr980 LLPLDKDyYVVREPG 9606 9391116 t gcesareni "We found that jak3 is autophosphorylated on multiple sites including y980 and y981. Compared with the activity of wild-type (wt) jak3, mutant y980f demonstrated markedly decreased kinase activity, and optimal phosphorylation of jak3 on other sites was dependent on y980 phosphorylation. The mutant y980f also exhibited reduced phosphorylation of its substrates, gammac and stat5a. In contrast, mutant y981f had greatly increased kinase activity, whereas the double mutant, yy980/981ff, had intermediate activity." SIGNOR-53590 IL22 protein Q9GZX6 UNIPROT IL10RB protein Q08334 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17208301 t gcesareni "See table 2" SIGNOR-151880 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-C protein P10321 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002269 11053628 f miannu "Transfection of CIITA in JEG-3 cells also upregulated functional HLA-B and HLA-C expression." SIGNOR-253775 GPR174 protein Q9BXC1 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257029 DDX20 protein Q9UHI6 UNIPROT "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12065586 t lperfetto "SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex that also contains Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6. The SMN complex functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and probably other ribonucleoprotein particles. We have identified a novel protein component of the SMN complex termed Gemin7 using native purified SMN complexes and peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-253117 UDP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58223 ChEBI P2RY6 protein Q15077 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257565 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 18519666 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We show that at least two different nuclear protein kinases, one of them identified as p42/p44 mapk, can modify hif-1_. Analysis of in vitro phosphorylated hif-1_ by mass spectroscopy revealed residues ser-641 and ser-643 as possible mapk phosphorylation sites these data suggest that phosphorylation of ser-641/643 by mapk promotes the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of hif-1_" SIGNOR-270095 EFNA5 protein P52803 UNIPROT EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "Highly promiscuous for ephrin-a ligands it binds preferentially efna5 and became active." SIGNOR-52470 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20010808 t "We also demonstrate that the oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc upregulates transcription of PTB, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2," SIGNOR-268690 CBFA2T3 protein O75081 UNIPROT ZNF652 protein Q9Y2D9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20116376 t "Previously we reported that a classical C2H2 zinc finger DNA binding protein ZNF652 functionally interacts with CBFA2T3 to repress transcription of genes containing ZNF652 consensus DNA binding sequence within the promoters of these target genes." SIGNOR-253954 BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18756288 t lperfetto "Bmp ligands bind to the bmp receptors bmpr1 and bmpr2, and bmpr2 then phosphorylates and activates bmpr1." SIGNOR-217029 AP3B2 protein Q13367 UNIPROT "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19497727 t miannu "Mammals contain more than one AP-3 complex owing to the existence of pairs of genes encoding β3, μ3, and σ3 subunits (A and B isoforms). While both σ3A and σ3B are expressed ubiquitously and seem to be functionally equivalent, the B isoforms of β3 and μ3 display rather restricted expression patterns, mostly in cells of neuronal origin. This has led to the notion of the existence of two types of mammalian AP-3 complexes: a ubiquitous AP-3 comprising δ, β3A, μ3A, and σ3(A or B) subunits, and a brain-specific AP-3 complex containing δ, β3B, μ3B, and σ3(A or B)" SIGNOR-268521 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr1053 PSSSLPQtPEQEKFL 9606 BTO:0000007 30566428 t lperfetto "WDR62 is also negatively regulated by T1053 phosphorylation, leading to the recruitment of F-box and WD repeat domain-containing protein 7 (FBW7) and proteasomal degradation. |JNK1 can induce the phosphorylation of WDR62 T1053" SIGNOR-271710 HTR3D protein Q70Z44 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 18761359 f miannu "The 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 (5-HT3) receptor is a cation-selective ion channel of the Cys-loop superfamily. 5-HT3 receptor activation in the central and peripheral nervous systems evokes neuronal excitation and neurotransmitter release. " SIGNOR-264319 oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 3013232 t miannu "Citrate synthase catalyzes an important step within the cycle, the Claisen condensation of acetyl-Coenzyme A with oxaloacetate to form citrate; and it is the only enzyme in the cycle that can catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon bond." SIGNOR-266237 IL5RA protein Q01344 UNIPROT SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003104 11498591 t miannu "Sox4 activation by IL-5R_ appears to be direct, with syntenin functioning as an adaptor molecule. Syntenin mediates IL-5–induced Sox4 activation." SIGNOR-223010 abarelix chemical CHEBI:337298 ChEBI GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001033 22416801 t miannu "Two GnRH antagonists are currently available: abarelix and degarelix." SIGNOR-259159 SSTR4 protein P31391 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256680 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 14732063 t "[...] two distinct types of TNF-Rs have been identified and molecularly cloned: TNF-R55 (also referred to as TNFR1, p55 or CD120a) and TNF-R75 (also called TNFR2, p75 or CD120b)" SIGNOR-253594 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR KLC2 protein Q9H0B6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser582 PRMKRASsLNFLNKS 9606 21725060 t lperfetto "Consistent with phosphorylation of both ser545 and ser582 of klc2 contributing to its 14-3-3 binding, a ser545ala mutant of klc2 could be phosphorylated in vitro by ampk on ser582" SIGNOR-216468 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CTDP1 protein Q9Y5B0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser740 TKAQRENsPAAFPDR 9606 BTO:0000567 12591939 t llicata "We found that only phosphorylated FCP1 can physically interact with TFIIF. We set out to purify an FCP1 kinase from HeLa cells and identified casein kinase 2, which, surprisingly, displayed a negative effect on FCP1-associated activities.| Phosphorylation of FCP1 by CK2 Inhibits the Transcription Elongation Activity of FCP1. | Two in vivo phosphorylation sites within the C terminus of FCP1 at Ser-575 and Ser-740 were identified" SIGNOR-251064 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 9566874 t lperfetto "Previous studies have demonstrated that one STAT family member, Stat3, possesses constitutively elevated tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA-binding activity in fibroblasts stably transformed by the Src oncoprotein.We conclude that Stat3 activation by the Src oncoprotein leads to specific gene regulation and that Stat3 is one of the critical signaling pathways involved in Src oncogenesis." SIGNOR-235445 DLGAP4 protein Q9Y2H0 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9115257 t miannu "SAPAPs are specifically expressed in neuronal cells and enriched in the PSD fraction. SAPAPs induce the enrichment of PSD-95/SAP90 to the plasma membrane in transfected cells. Thus, SAPAPs may have a potential activity to maintain the structure of PSD by concentrating its components to the membrane area." SIGNOR-264212 PTPN18 protein Q99952 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr1112 DPSPLQRySEDPTVP 9606 BTO:0000007 25081058 t lperfetto "PTPN18 knockdown selectively enhances the EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the HER2 Y1112, Y1196 and Y1248 sites. |Whereas the catalytic domain of PTPN18 blocks lysosomal routing and delays the degradation of HER2 by dephosphorylation of HER2 on pY(1112), the PEST domain of PTPN18 promotes K48-linked HER2 ubiquitination and its rapid destruction via the proteasome pathway and an HER2 negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-262595 TSHB protein P01222 UNIPROT SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14623893 t miannu "I– uptake is stimulated by TSH, the master hormone for thyroid gland regulation. TSH stimulation results, at least in part, from the cAMP-mediated increase in NIS biosynthesis. TSH not only stimulates NIS transcription and biosynthesis but is also required for modulating the NIS phosphorylation pattern, maintaining its half-life, and retaining NIS at the thyrocyte plasma membrane" SIGNOR-251995 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 11279134 f lperfetto "The differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) by dexamethasone (DEX), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (MIX), and insulin" SIGNOR-235346 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA9 protein Q9Y5G4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265678 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257637 KMT2D protein O14686 UNIPROT HMT complex SIGNOR-C19 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17500065 t lperfetto "The evolutionarily conserved hdpy-30, ash2l, rbbp5, and wdr5 likely constitute a subcomplex that is shared by all human set1-like hmt complexes." SIGNOR-154763 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1177 TSRIRTQsFSLQERQ 9606 11729179 t gcesareni "Recently many investigators have shown that protein phosphorylation of enos by several serine/threonine kinases is a critical control step for no production by endothelial cells. Phosphorylation by amp kinase, akt (or protein kinase b), or protein kinase aon serine 1179 (bovine) or serine 1177 (human) of enos leads to enhanced activity of the enzyme and, thus, augmented production of no." SIGNOR-112371 OAT protein P04181 UNIPROT L-ornithine smallmolecule CHEBI:15729 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14617280 t miannu "Arginase generates ornithine, an aminoacid that can be further metabolized to proline via ornithine aminotransferase and to polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)" SIGNOR-256032 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR L1CAM protein P32004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1152 RSKGGKYsVKDKEDT 10116 BTO:0001009 8663493 t lperfetto "Western blot analysis demonstrated that the L1 kinase activity from PC12 cells that phosphorylated this site was co-eluted with the S6 kinase, p90(rsk). Moreover, S6 kinase activity and p90(rsk) immunoreactivity co-immunoprecipitate with L1 from brain, and metabolic labeling studies have demonstrated that Ser1152 is phosphorylated in vivo in the developing rat brain. | These data demonstrate that the membrane-proximal 15 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain of L1 are important for neurite outgrowth on L1, and the interactions it mediates may be regulated by phosphorylation of Ser1152." SIGNOR-252766 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8939914 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Several lines of investigation have suggested that rsk is phosphorylated and activated by erk1/2 mapk isoforms" SIGNOR-270144 MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17580304 t gcesareni "Sqstm1/p62 (named a170 in the mouse;hereafter p62) is the first proposed example of such proteins (bj_?_?Rk_?_?Y et al.,2005). It binds polyubiquitinated protein aggregates via its uba domain and interacts with lc3 on the autophagosome/ this interaction is necessary for autophagic degradation of p62-positive cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing ubiquitinated proteins. We also demonstrate that alis are indistinguishable from p62 inclusion bodies and that p62 is required for their formation." SIGNOR-156353 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP 9606 BTO:0000007 11901158 t lperfetto "Thus, activation of chk2 in irradiated cells may occur through oligomerization of chk2 via binding of the thr-68-phosphorylated region of one chk2 to the fha domain of another. Oligomerization of chk2 may therefore increase the efficiency of trans-autophosphorylation resulting in the release of active chk2 monomers that proceed to enforce checkpoint control in irradiated cells." SIGNOR-116135 MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg756 KGQAGLQrALEILQE -1 17204478 t lperfetto "MASP-2 cleaves C4 releasing C4a and generating C4b, which attaches covalently to the pathogen surface upon exposure of its reactive thioester. C2 binds to C4b and is also cleaved by MASP-2 to form the C3 convertase (C4b2a)." SIGNOR-263434 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 1375933 t miannu "NOS is stoichiometrically phosphorylated by PKA, PKC, and CaMK, with each enzyme predominantly phosphorylating a distinct serine. CPT-CAMP has no effect on NOS activity" SIGNOR-250021 "neuropeptide FF receptor agonist" smallmolecule CHEBI:141000 ChEBI NPFFR1 protein Q9GZQ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257549 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10828059 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-2" gcesareni "These straddle the target residue, ser(579), for erk2 phosphorylation of pde4d3. Mutation of either or both of these docking sites prevented erk2 from being co-immunoprecipitated with pde4d3, ablated the ability of epidermal growth factor to inhibit pde4d3 through erk2 action in transfected cos cells, and attenuated the ability of erk2 to phosphorylate pde4d3 in vitro." SIGNOR-270069 NARS2 protein Q96I59 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270466 GOLGA7 protein Q7Z5G4 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16000296 t miannu "Covalent lipid modifications mediate the membrane attachment and biological activity of Ras proteins. All Ras isoforms are farnesylated and carboxyl-methylated at the terminal cysteine; H-Ras and N-Ras are further modified by palmitoylation. Here we report that H- and N-Ras are palmitoylated by a human protein palmitoyltransferase encoded by the ZDHHC9 and GCP16 genes. DHHC9 is an integral membrane protein that contains a DHHC cysteine-rich domain. GCP16 encodes a Golgi-localized membrane protein." SIGNOR-261351 HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256816 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser684 IGIPQFHsPVGSPLK 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3. All four sites are followed by a proline residue. We have shown that purified cyclin b-cdk1 (cyclindependent kinase 1) phosphorylates these sitesalanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase." SIGNOR-216797 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser373 RASSRASsRPRPDDL 9606 16474210 t lperfetto "We previously showed that follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) promoted phosphorylation of cx43 in rat primary granulosa cells. We further identified ser365, ser368, ser369, and ser373 in the carboxy-terminal tail as the major sites of phosphorylation by fsh, and found that the phosphorylation of these residues was essential for channel activity." SIGNOR-144473 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR miR-495 mirna URS000075C517_9606 RNAcentral "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21730352 f miannu "We provide evidence that PU.1 directly controls expression of at least 4 of these miRs (miR-146a, miR-342, miR-338, and miR-155) through temporally dynamic occupation of binding sites within regulatory chromatin regions adjacent to their genomic coding loci. We conclude that PU.1 bound to open chromatin near 4 of its induced miR loci with 2 types of kinetics: (1) permanent (miR-146a, miR-342, and miR-338) and (2) transient (miR-155) during myeloid differentiation." SIGNOR-256242 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CCNE2 protein O96020 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002524 17298674 t miannu "Cdk2 (S384) and GSK3 (T380) prime cyclin E for destruction. The hyper-phosphorylated T380/S384 degron has high affinity for monomeric Fbw7α, which engages the remainder of the SCF to initiate cyclin E's ubiquitination by an E2 enzyme" SIGNOR-271638 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272126 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser664 KKTSGPLsPPTGPPG 10090 BTO:0000944 15851026 t lperfetto "Here, we show that Erk may play a critical role in TSC progression through posttranslational inactivation of TSC2. Erk-dependent phosphorylation leads to TSC1-TSC2 dissociation and markedly impairs TSC2 ability to inhibit mTOR signaling, cell proliferation, and oncogenic transformation. |Serine to alanine substitution at S664 or double S664A/S540A mutagenesis resulted in a marked reduction in TSC2 phosphorylation to a similar extent. In contrast, S540A substitution only moderately impaired TSC2 phosphorylation (Figure 3D), corroborating the notion that in vivo S664 is the most relevant residue for Erk-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249457 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BS1 protein P57053 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 RKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271984 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "However, other kinases, such as cdk5, p38 and pka, also phosphorylate tau at t231tau phosphorylation at t231, s235 and s262 also contributes to the dissociation of tau from microtubules" SIGNOR-171062 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1616 TPQSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273079 "bisphenol F" chemical CHEBI:34575 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity. Here, we evaluated the endocrine-disrupting risks of the bisphenols by investigating their agonist and antagonist activities with the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors. Our results showed that BPA, BPS, and BPF (BPs) have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities and decrease the ERα protein level. ." SIGNOR-268731 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138961 SPART protein Q8N0X7 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19580544 t miannu "Cytosolic endogenous spartin is mono-ubiquitinated and we demonstrate that it interacts via a PPXY motif with the ubiquitin E3 ligases AIP4 [atrophin-interacting protein 4; ITCH (itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homologue] [corrected] and AIP5 (WWP1). Surprisingly, the PPXY motif, AIP4 and AIP5 are not required for spartin's ubiquitination, and so we propose that spartin acts as an adaptor for these proteins." SIGNOR-261306 FNTA protein P49354 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24294527 t lperfetto "Major investments have been made to target Ras through indirect routes. Inhibition of farnesyl transferase to block Ras maturation has failed in large clinical trials." SIGNOR-242568 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PLSCR1 protein O15162 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr69 PVPNQPVyNQPVYNQ 9606 11390389 t Manara "Our data establish that the Abl SH3 domain binds to the N-terminal proline-rich segment of PLSCR1 and that ABL1 phosphorylates Tyr residues of the PLSCR1 polypeptide, most likely Tyr69 and Tyr74 within the tandem repeat sequence" SIGNOR-260807 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT ITGB5 protein P18084 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257660 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257046 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 9480845 f lperfetto "Overexpression of tak1 together with its activator protein, tak1 binding protein 1 (tab1), induced the nuclear translocation of nf-kappa b p50/p65 heterodimer accompanied by the degradation of i kappa b alpha and i kappa b beta, and the expression of kappa b-dependent reporter gene...[]...These Results suggest that tak1 induces nf-kappa b activation through a novel nik-independent signaling pathway" SIGNOR-55710 P2RY10 protein O00398 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256869 NLRX1 protein Q86UT6 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002181 18219313 f lperfetto "NLRX1 synergistically potentiated ROS production induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha, Shigella infection and double-stranded RNA, resulting in amplified NF-kappaB-dependent and JUN amino-terminal kinases-dependent signalling. We observed that NLRX1-positive cells showed increased p65 translocation as early as 15 min after infection, an effect that was maintained over time." SIGNOR-260399 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259049 PC protein P11498 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24363178 t miannu "As an alternative to decarboxylation by PDH, the second major fate of mitochondrial pyruvate is the irreversible, ATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase (PC). Oxaloacetate is a critical intermediate in metabolism, linking carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism (Fig. 2)" SIGNOR-266552 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 12832467 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) regulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase docking and RSK activity.Erk-activates the rsk family of serine/threonine kinases,rsk1, rsk2, and rsk3." SIGNOR-270006 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1861 TPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273080 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29174 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269501 MRPS25 protein P82663 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261448 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser367 PDCRRTIsAPVVRPK 9606 16943424 t lperfetto "Recently we showed that atm- and hdm2-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of hdmx following dsb induction are mediated by phosphorylation of hdmx on s403, s367, and s342, with s403 being targeted directly by atm." SIGNOR-149296 FCN2 protein Q15485 UNIPROT MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 17204478 t lperfetto "In the lectin pathway, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins bind to pathogens and activate MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2)" SIGNOR-263413 2-[2-Amino-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-[(4-bromobenzyl)oxy]phenol smallmolecule CID:135651766 PUBCHEM GIPR protein P48546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257498 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1665 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203524 CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16326864 t miannu "CTCF binds the proximal exonic region of hTERT and inhibits its transcription" SIGNOR-253832 MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT MYH7 protein P12883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 17111365 f Regulation miannu "Transient transfection assays demonstrated that the calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway is essential for MyHCbeta promoter activation during transformation of C2C12 myotubes but is not sufficient for complete fast MyHCIId/x promoter inhibition. Along with NFATc1, myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF-2D) and the myogenic transcription factor MyoD transactivated the MyHCbeta promoter in calcium-ionophore-treated myotubes in a calcineurin-dependent manner." SIGNOR-251957 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical inhibition" 9606 19029980 t "Retinoic acid and arsenic synergize to clear LICs through cooperative PML-RARA degradation, this combination does not enhance differentiation." SIGNOR-259926 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT OSBP protein P22059 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser240 TALQRSLsELESLKL 9606 21285358 t gcesareni "Pkd attenuates the function of both cert and osbp by phosphorylation at their respective ser(132) and ser(240) residues (phosphorylation inhibition)" SIGNOR-171756 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 30029643 t "Since Jak-STAT pathway primarily activated in IL-15-me- diated cell proliferation, we tested whether it is also participates in IL-15-mediated proliferation of FAPs. Interestingly, we found the expression of phospho-Jak3 and phospho-Tyk2, as well as their downstream, phospho- STAT3 and phospho-STAT5, was significantly upregulated" SIGNOR-256255 GNG3 protein P63215 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16537363 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-145125 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT UGT1A8 protein Q9HAW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 15044625 t "Using gel shift and functional assays, HNF1alpha was demonstrated to bind to and activate the UGT1A8, -1A9, and -1A10 promoters. In contrast, Cdx2 bound to and activated the UGT1A8 and -1A10 promoters but could not activate the UGT1A9 promoter." SIGNOR-253969 1-[4-[[2-(2-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-7-methyl-4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-hydroxy-1-propanone chemical CHEBI:93753 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192601 HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256734 ruxolitinib chemical CHEBI:66919 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206670 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 FLMECRNsPVTKTPP 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 12747827 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a functional TOS motif is required for 4E-BP1 to bind to raptor (a recently identified mTOR-interacting protein), for 4E-BP1 to be efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by themTOR/raptor complex, and for 4E-BP1 to be phosphorylated in vivo at all identified mTOR-regulated sites. mTOR/raptor regulated phosphorylation is necessary for 4E-BP’s efficient release from the translational initiation factor eIF4E. We find that the TOS motif is absolutely required for efficient phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at all the identified mTOR-regulated sites, namely, Thr37/46, Ser65, and Thr70 in vivo." SIGNOR-101115 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24875621 t miannu "FOXA1 directly inhibits AR expression and thus the transcription of its target genes. FOXA1 inhibits AR gene expression in prostate cancer. oss of FOXA1 may lead to androgen-independent AR signaling and thus castration-resistant prostate cancer progression. Indeed, we have recently reported that FOXA1 is downregulated in CRPC" SIGNOR-251541 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000574 9168989 f Regulation miannu "We describe the roles of Stat5 and of these tyrosine residues in the EPOR in the erythroid differentiation of murine hematopoietic cell line SKT6 which produces hemoglobin in response to EPO. Chimeric receptors carrying the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor and the intracellular domain of the EPOR were introduced into SKT6 cells. Like EPO, EGF equally activated Stat5 and induced hemoglobin." SIGNOR-251784 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT YTHDC2 protein Q9H6S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001911 24269672 t lperfetto "Collectively, these data show that YTHDC2 plays an important role in tumor cells growth and activation/recruitment of c-Jun and ATF-2 to the YTHDC2 promoter is necessary for the transcription of YTHDC2, and that HDAC activity is required for the efficient expression of YTHDC2 in both of hepatocyte and HCC cells." SIGNOR-269001 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 7791789 f lperfetto "The upregulation of p21 occurred at the levels of mrna and protein," SIGNOR-235831 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT PKD2 protein Q13563 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser76 AGAAASPsPPLSSCS 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000671 16551655 t llicata "We report the identification of a new phosphorylation site for pc2 within its n-terminal domain (ser(76)) and demonstrate that this residue is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3)." SIGNOR-145306 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser370 PAVPPRPsADLILNR 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89174 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val48 KVDGTSHvTGKGVTV -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263589 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser792 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 10090 SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR-C3 18439900 t lperfetto "These results suggest that AMPK activation can induce phosphorylation of both serine 722 and serine 792.|Raptor phosphorylation is required for inhibition of mTORC1 by AMPK" SIGNOR-263044 FCGR3A protein P08637 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0000801 10728755 f lperfetto "This study suggests a dominant role for FcgammaRIIIA in the induction of both TNFalpha and IL-1alpha production by human macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis following receptor ligation by small immune complexes. The signaling of TNFalpha production may require the ligation of either 3 FcgammaRIIIA receptors or only 2 FcgammaRIIIA receptors, where one interaction must involve binding via an Fc domain." SIGNOR-249526 TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272870 GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257296 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr57 NFDFVTEtPLEGDFA 9606 19364816 t lperfetto "We have shown that erk2 interacts with and phosphorylates p21cip1, promoting p21cip1_ubiquitination. We identified two erk2 phosphorylation sites, thr57 and ser130, in p21cip1_and showed that phosphorylation of these residues increases p21cip1_cytoplasmic distribution and proteasome-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-244513 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1665 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273091 retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265124 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser382 LKRASFAkSVIGTPE 9606 12374799 t Manara "Activation of WNKs requires autophosphorylation of at least one serine residue, serine 382 in WNK1, within the WNK activation loop." SIGNOR-260826 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT NKX2-1 protein P43699 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004299 18003659 t miannu "TGF-beta represses transcription of pulmonary surfactant protein-B gene in lung epithelial cells. Repression is mediated by SMAD3 through interactions with NKX2.1 and FOXA1, two key transcription factors that are positive regulators of SpB transcription. In this study, we found that SMAD3 interacts through its MAD domains, MH1 and MH2 with NKX2.1 and FOXA1 proteins. The sites of interaction on NKX2.1 are located within the NH2 and COOH domains, known to be involved in transactivation function." SIGNOR-254169 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 10116 BTO:0001009 8336722 t gcesareni "The degree of CREB phosphorylation, assessed with antiserum specific for CREB phosphorylated at Ser-133, correlated with the amount of PKA liberated. The time course of phosphorylation closely paralleled the nuclear entry of the catalytic subun" SIGNOR-166342 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1735 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273093 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1693 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273095 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1672 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273096 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1623 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273097 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr120 QFDAAHPtNVQRLAE 9606 BTO:0001130 19141652 t lperfetto "This study provides evidence that pkd1 interacts with and phosphorylates beta-catenin at thr(112) and thr(120) we postulate that pkd1 phosphorylation is required to maintain _-catenin transcription activity." SIGNOR-183388 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser371 VRRVPGSsGHLHKTE 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000671 18270262 t gcesareni "Activation of wnk1 coincides with the phosphorylation and activation of two wnk1 substrates, namely, the protein kinases ste20/sps1-related proline alanine-rich kinase (spak) and oxidative stress response kinase-1 (osr1)." SIGNOR-160842 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002882 phosphorylation:Tyr599 VDFREYEyDLKWEFP 16684964 t gcesareni "Y599 was additionally found to interact with the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. As Y599F-Flt3-32D was unable to associate with and to phosphorylate SHP2 and since silencing of SHP2 in WT-Flt3-expressing cells mimicked the Y599F-Flt3 phenotype, we hypothesize that recruitment of SHP2 to pY599 contributes to FL-mediated Erk activation and proliferation." SIGNOR-245057 DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 11153911 t gcesareni "The human Deltex (DTX1) gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that functions as a positive regulator of the Notch signaling pathway." SIGNOR-85942 TRIP11 protein Q15643 UNIPROT THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9256431 t miannu "Trip230 binds to rb independently of thyroid hormone while it forms a complex with tr in a thyroid hormone-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of the protein trip230 in cells, but not a mutant form that does not bind to tr, enhances specifically tr-dependent transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-50348 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MEX3D protein Q86XN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271189 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273102 MIOS protein Q9NXC5 UNIPROT GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23723239 t miannu "Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5" SIGNOR-255301 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser325 NRMGQAGsTISNSHA 10116 BTO:0000067 12270943 t lperfetto "We have examined the role of casein kinase 1 (CK1) in connexin-43 (Cx43) gap junction assembly. Cellular co-immunoprecipitation experiments and in vitro CK1 phosphorylation reactions indicate that CK1 interacted with and phosphorylated Cx43, initially on serine(s) 325, 328, or 330.| To examine CK1 function, normal rat kidney cells were treated with CKI-7, and Cx43 content was analyzed by Triton X-100 extraction, cell-surface biotinylation, and immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis indicated a slight increase in total Cx43, whereas gap junctional (Triton-insoluble) Cx43 decreased, and non-junctional plasma membrane Cx43 increased (as detected by cell surface biotinylation)." SIGNOR-249329 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000356 29945959 t lperfetto "FBXO22 elicits its antimetastatic effects by targeting SNAIL, a master regulator of EMT and breast cancer metastasis, for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation in a glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-273446 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser217 AHYSPRTsPIMSPRT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248517 DNAJC6 protein O75061 UNIPROT HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 24789820 t lperfetto "Hsc70, recruited by the J-domain protein auxilin, mediates clathrin uncoating and release of a free vesicle, primed to fuse with a target membrane." SIGNOR-260719 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CEP68 protein Q76N32 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser332 ADPVLQDsGVDLDSF 25503564 t lperfetto "We show that the intercentrosomal linker protein Cep68 is degraded in prometaphase through the SCF(βTrCP) (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex. Cep68 degradation is initiated by PLK1 phosphorylation of Cep68 on Ser 332, allowing recognition by βTrCP." SIGNOR-275621 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1490 AILNPPPsPATERSH 9606 BTO:0006293 35277657 t miannu "Mechanistically, SIK2, phosphorylated by CK1α, directly phosphorylated LRP6 in a SIK2 kinase activity-dependent manner, leading to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation." SIGNOR-275404 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 22848740 t "When AMPK is stimulated, pre-existing FOXO3 becomes reverted toward an active form." SIGNOR-255755 DCAF1 protein Q9Y4B6 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005907 25026211 t miannu "CRL4 DCAF1 ubiquitylates and inhibits Lats." SIGNOR-272228 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF212B protein A8MTL3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271257 SNRPB2 protein P08579 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270654 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr26 SQPHGSVtQSQGSSS 9606 BTO:0000007 12024051 t gcesareni "We show here that autophosphorylation of chk2 produced in a cell-free system requires trans phosphorylation by a wortmannin-sensitive kinase, probably atm or atr" SIGNOR-87850 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser412 EEEDGTGsPQLNNR 9606 10347142 t gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 phosphorylate beta-arrestin1 at ser-412 in vitro. . in the resting state, cytosolic arrestin1 proteins are constitutively phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) at ser412, located within their distal c terminus. erk-phosphorylated arrestin1 is unable to associate with clathrin cages, whereas this constraint is removed upon its dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-67630 paliperidone chemical CHEBI:82978 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258561 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9606 BTO:0000007 11691836 t lperfetto "The 4E-BPs inhibit translation in a reversible manner. Hypophosphorylated 4E-BPs interact avidly with eIF4E, whereas 4E-BP hyperphosphorylation, elicited by stimulation of cells with hormones, cytokines, or growth factors, results in an abrogation of eIF4E-binding activity.|These results are at variance with reports that have characterized the 4E-BP1/eIF4E interaction utilizing recombinant 4E-BP1 proteins phosphorylated in vitro with ERK, and harboring alanine substitutions at Thr 37, Thr 46, Thr 70, and Ser 83 |phosphorylation of either Thr 46 or Ser 65 was reported to result in a decrease in eIF4E binding" SIGNOR-249394 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sQKHRDFV 9606 BTO:0000567 16371512 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain. Coexpression of vrk1 and gfp-baf greatly diminishes the association of baf with the nuclear chromatin/matrix and leads to its dispersal throughout the cell" SIGNOR-143285 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr900 FGLSRDVyEEDSYVK 9606 16928683 t gcesareni "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr(900) was autophosphorylation site. Tyr900 can partially replace the function of tyr905 as a local switch for kinase activation" SIGNOR-148992 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT RALGAPA2 protein Q2PPJ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr715 PMRFRSAtTSGAPGV 10090 SIGNOR-C469 21148297 t miannu "RGC2 is an endogenous substrate for Akt2 downstream of PI 3-kinase" SIGNOR-269799 CyclinD3/CDK11A complex SIGNOR-C542 SIGNOR SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser238 SEESWTDsEVDSSCS 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273121 "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 f miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270727 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT KCNC4 protein Q03721 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 SSYRGRKsGNKPPSK 9606 9649584 t gcesareni "This study investigated the molecular physiology of the nh2-terminal phosphorylation sites that regulate inactivation gating of an a-type k+ channel. The main results show that: (a) pkc acts on four phosphate acceptors (s8, s9, s15, and s21) within the inactivation domain because mutation of these residues to alanine is necessary and sufficient to remove the action of pkc on channel inactivation." SIGNOR-58498 MTMR3 protein Q13615 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 26787466 t lperfetto "The PtdIns3-phosphatase MTMR3 interacts with mTORC1 and suppresses its activity." SIGNOR-245108 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16386358 t "Experimental data indeed supports the existence of a positive circuit involvingGATA-3 that excludes IL-4 and STAT-6, specifically in mouse cells" SIGNOR-254300 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000785 16084951 t gcesareni "Npm-alk has been shown to activate signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) 3, a transcriptional regulator of cyclin d3.Proteins that interact with alk tyrosine kinase play important roles in mediating downstream cellular signals. Previously reported proteins in the alk signal pathway were identified including pi3-k, jak2, jak3, stat3, grb2, irs, and plcgamma1." SIGNOR-139460 SLC4A1 protein P02730 UNIPROT "4.1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C386 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 33187473 t lperfetto "The cytoskeleton plays a key role in maintaining the morphology and function of erythrocyte membranes. Many proteins, such as ankyrin, spectrin alpha- and beta-chains, proteins 4.1, or 4.1R and actin, cover the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane to form two protein complexes, the ankyrin and protein 4.1 complex| the latter consists of Band 3 dimers binding Adducins alpha and beta, Glycophorin C, GLUT1 and Stomatin [15, 16]" SIGNOR-266036 PDK2 protein Q15119 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser300 SMSDPGVsYRTREEI -1 7782287 t gcesareni "Mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase (?2_2) (e1) is regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, catalyzed by the e1-kinase and the phospho-e1-phosphatase." SIGNOR-33141 tandutinib chemical CHEBI:90237 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207209 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005790 30335887 t "PML/RARa blocks the differentiation and promotes the proliferation of acute promyelocytic leukemia through activating MYB expression by transcriptional and epigenetic regulation mechanisms." SIGNOR-259939 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 6239 10517632 t gcesareni "In addition, CKI bound to and increased the phosphorylation of dishevelled, a known component of the Wnt pathway" SIGNOR-244097 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser231 FGDDEDDsGTEES 9606 BTO:0000567 11546811 t lperfetto "The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, cdc34, has been implicated in the ubiquitination of a number of vertebrate substrates, including p27(kip1), ikappabalpha, wee1, and myod. We show that mammalian cdc34 is a phosphoprotein that is phosphorylated in proliferating cells. Phosphorylation of cdc34 by the associated kinase maps predominantly to residues 203 and 222. Mutation of cdc34 at ck2-targeted residues, ser-203, ser-222, ser-231, thr-233, and ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of cdc34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized cdc34 to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-110399 CDK19 protein Q9BWU1 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2513 EHPFLTPsPESPDQW -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273136 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10896679 f lperfetto "Two candidates that may function as mediators of pi3-k in the phosphorylation of mef2 proteins are pkb and big map kinase 1." SIGNOR-79338 ELP2 protein Q6IA86 UNIPROT "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28601220 t miannu "Elongator is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex consisting of two sets of six Elp proteins, while homologues of its catalytic subunit Elp3 are found in all the kingdoms of life. Although it was originally described as a transcription elongation factor, cumulating evidence suggests that its primary function is catalyzing tRNA modifications. In humans, defects in Elongator subunits are associated with neurological disorders and cancer." SIGNOR-269709 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR CCNH protein P51946 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser5 sSQKRHWT 9606 10993082 t gcesareni "Here we show that cdk8/cyclin c can regulate transcription by targeting the cdk7/cyclin h subunits of the general transcription initiation factor iih (tfiih). cdk8 phosphorylates mammalian cyclin h in the vicinity of its functionally unique amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal alpha-helical domains. This phosphorylation represses both the ability of tfiih to activate transcription and its ctd kinase activity. In addition, mimicking cdk8 phosphorylation of cyclin h in vivo has a dominant-negative effect on cell growth." SIGNOR-273139 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273140 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser64 SNLGHPEsPPRKRLK 9606 18239684 t "The activity of SCF(Skp2) is regulated by the Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2-mediated phosphorylation of Skp2 on Ser64 allows its expression in mid-G1 phase, even in the presence of active APC(Cdh1). Reciprocally, dephosphorylation of Skp2 by the mitotic phosphatase Cdc14B at the M --> G1 transition promotes its degradation by APC(Cdh1)." SIGNOR-248333 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252865 SEC31B protein Q9NQW1 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265287 DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 23729744 t apalma "The NECD undergoes O-linked glycosylation during Notch synthesis and secretion, which is crucial for proper folding of the Notch receptor and the interaction with its ligand DSL (Delta, Serrate, Lag-2)(Rana and Haltiwanger, 2011). The Notch receptor on the signal-receiving cell binds directly to ligands located on the apposing signal-sending cell" SIGNOR-255369 IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 19666475 t lperfetto "Proinflammatory NF-kappaB activation requires the IkappaB (inhibitor of NF-kappaB) kinase (IKK) complex that contains two catalytic subunits named IKKalpha and IKKbeta and a regulatory subunit named NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO)." SIGNOR-209762 EPN1 protein Q9Y6I3 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 19054389 t gcesareni "Epsin 1 is involved in recruitment of ubiquitinated egf receptors into clathrin-coated pits this supports the contention that epsin 1 promotes endocytosis of the ubiquitinated egfr." SIGNOR-182562 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser87 VGRHRKVsPNCRFIN 9606 BTO:0001023 14645242 t lperfetto "Akt, including akt1 and akt2, interacts with and phosphorylates x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (xiap) at residue serine-87 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of xiap by akt protects xiap from ubiquitination and degradation in response to cisplatin." SIGNOR-119488 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271024 CHRNB3 protein Q05901 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002916 14502292 t miannu "Treatment of muscle cells with neural agrin causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the AChR β subunit and induces AChR clustering by promoting anchoring of the receptor protein to postsynaptic cytoskeleton. Regulation of acetylcholine receptor clustering by the tumor suppressor APC. By showing a direct requirement for APC in AChR clustering, our present study suggests that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may crosstalk with the agrin signaling cascade during the formation of mammalian neuromuscular junction." SIGNOR-264261 AIP protein O00170 UNIPROT TFF1 protein P04155 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21984905 t miannu "We show that XAP2 is recruited to the promoter of ERα regulated genes like the breast cancer marker gene pS2 or GREB1 and negatively regulate the expression of these genes in MCF-7 cells." SIGNOR-259911 CD22 protein P20273 UNIPROT SH2B1 protein Q9NRF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "SHP-1 is recruited by the phosphorylated ITIM-bearing receptors such as CD22 and it dephosphorylates proximal BCR signaling molecules such as CD79, SYK, BLNK." SIGNOR-268444 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Tyr996 EEAPEDLyKDFLTLE 9606 BTO:0000007 18840653 t "Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) dephosphorylates VEGF Receptor-2 and attenuates endothelial DNA synthesis, but not migration|Knockdown of SHP-1 by siRNA or inhibition of c-Src by an inhibitor, results in augmented DNA synthesis perhaps due to increased phosphorylation of at least three tyrosine residues of KDR 996, 1059 and 1175" SIGNOR-248476 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PIAS2 protein O75928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser116 VTPHSPSsPVGSVLL 9606 BTO:0000007 16713578 t miannu "The switch between the coactivating and inhibitory actions of PIASxα is controlled, at least in part, through PIASxα phosphorylation. PIASxα is itself phosphorylated by p38 in vitro and in vivo in response to the activation of stress signaling pathways (Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4). We identify Ser113 and Ser 116 as two residues that are phosphorylated by p38 and have important functional roles" SIGNOR-262949 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr126 RDAMVRDyVRQTWKL 9606 BTO:0000661 7961936 t lperfetto "We show that ZAP-70 has a primary autophosphorylation site at Tyr-292, with a secondary site at Tyr-126. We also show additional phosphorylation at Tyr-69, Tyr-178, Tyr-492, and Tyr-493 upon the addition of the protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck. By comparative two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping, we show that ZAP-70 isolated from Jurkat T cells also autophosphorylates at Tyr-292 and Tyr-126" SIGNOR-247044 CBFB protein Q13951 UNIPROT "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12495904 t irozzo "The core binding factor (CBF) transcription complex, consisting of the interacting proteins RUNX1 and CBFβ, is essential for normal hematopoiesis" SIGNOR-255711 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "Neuronal NOS, a Ca2+-activated form of NOS, can bind to PSD-95 through a class III PDZ domain interaction in which its own amino-terminal PDZ domain binds to a PDZ domain of PSD-95. PSD-95 may concentrate nNOS near the NMDA receptor at postsynaptic sites in these neurons." SIGNOR-264227 COPS5 protein Q92905 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270761 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 9381178 t "Active Akt induced a significant increase in BAD phosphorylation. mutant BAD with alanine substitutions at Ser112 and Ser136 was not phosphorylated by active Akt . phosphorylation of BAD by Akt will preclude its binding to membrane-anchored Bcl-xL, leading to increased cell survival." SIGNOR-251469 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-195651 KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 BTO:0000567 15620353 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases, functions as a histone demethylase and transcriptional corepressor. LSD1 specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4, which is linked to active transcription." SIGNOR-265332 SUZ12 protein Q15022 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 23836662 f miannu "We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254155 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273158 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DQA2 protein P01906 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253996 RFX5 protein P48382 UNIPROT HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000460 10586057 t Luana "In this report, we correlate the loss of IFN-γ induction of MHC class II genes with the identification of a molecular defect in an essential regulator, namely RFX5. | We have further confirmed this finding by showing that new RFX5 leucine mutants created in vitro are incapable of transactivating a class II promoter, suggesting the identification of residues essential for RFX activity." SIGNOR-266228 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT TNFRSF12A protein Q9NP84 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254846 ARHGAP28 protein Q9P2N2 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260483 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 9606 8248197 t gcesareni "Rsk1/2 phosphorylates the transcription factor c-fos on s362 and increases its activity." SIGNOR-37216 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser227 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9606 10980595 t lperfetto "We have generated two monoclonal antibodies that recognize two phosphorylated sites, p-ser227 and p-thr577, in the n- and c-terminal kinase domains of rsk2, respectively. phosphorylation and activation of rsk2 by uv light involves the erk pathway" SIGNOR-244692 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "A novel multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib (Figure 1), inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, that play key roles in angiogenesis, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (TIE2) and the mutant oncogenic kinase KIT, RET, B-RAF" SIGNOR-259176 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001615 22470139 f miannu "Efficient knockdown of WWTR1, demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR, led to upregulation of ASNS and downregulation of SMAD3, LTBR, BAX and BAK1 in WWTR1 knockdown cells, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the repression of cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255608 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29590-4" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of pml by mitogen-activated protein kinases plays a key role in arsenic trioxide-mediated apoptosis." SIGNOR-270034 SNX9 protein Q9Y5X1 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16316319 f gcesareni "We have previously shown that sh3px1, phosphorylated by ack2 (activated cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase 2), regulates the degradation of egf (epidermal growth factor) receptor.The cdc42 target ack2 interacts with sorting nexin 9 (sh3px1) to regulate epidermal growth factor receptor degradation." SIGNOR-142566 KDM3B protein Q7LBC6 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9534 16603237 t miannu "We have purified a JmjC domain-containing protein, JHDM2A, which specifically demethylates mono- and dimethyl-H3K9. JHDM2A exhibits hormone-dependent recruitment to androgen-receptor target genes, resulting in H3K9 demethylation and transcriptional activation. Thus, our work identifies a histone demethylase and links its function to hormone-dependent transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266636 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275437 RPAP3 protein Q9H6T3 UNIPROT "R2TP core co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C515 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29662061 t miannu " Here we use cryo-EM and biochemical studies on the human R2TP core (RUVBL1-RUVBL2-RPAP3-PIH1D1) which reveal the distinctive role of RPAP3, distinguishing metazoan R2TP from the smaller yeast equivalent. RPAP3 spans both faces of a single RUVBL ring, providing an extended scaffold that recruits clients and provides a flexible tether for HSP90. " SIGNOR-270927 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 YLEMDLSsPQTRYIP 9606 BTO:0000149 24342355 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that perk 1/2 can phosphorylate pro-caspase-8 at s387 by knocking-down the endogenous pro-caspase-8 using rnai and replacing it with its non-phosphorylatable counterpart (s387a), a significant increase in caspase-8 activity" SIGNOR-203480 gemcitabine chemical CHEBI:175901 ChEBI RRM1 protein P23921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 2233693 t miannu "Direct assays of partially purified ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) demonstrated 50% inhibition by 4 microM dFdC 5'-diphosphate; dFdC 5'-triphosphate was much less inhibitory. We conclude that dFdC 5'-diphosphate acts as an inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase." SIGNOR-258386 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275441 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275442 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser267 RVQSKIGsLDNITHV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275435 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser267 RVQSKIGsLDNITHV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275438 HSPA1B protein P0DMV9 UNIPROT NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 24790089 t miannu "The molecular chaperone HSP70 binds to and stabilizes NOD2, an important protein involved in Crohn disease." SIGNOR-252417 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275443 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275444 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275445 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275446 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser324 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275447 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT UCP1 protein P25874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18719589 f fspada "Bmp7 activates a full program of brown adipogenesis including induction of early regulators of brown fat fate prdm16 (pr-domain-containing 16;ref. 4) and pgc-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) coactivator-1alpha;ref. 5), increased expression of the brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and adipogenic transcription factors ppargamma and ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase-(also known as mapk14) and pgc-1-dependent pathways" SIGNOR-180354 CyclinC/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C545 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273166 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Akt inactivates protein degradation by phosphorylating and thus repressing the transcription factors of the foxo family, and stimulates protein synthesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (gsk3b)." SIGNOR-252820 Ast-487 chemical CID:11409972 PUBCHEM KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258070 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR SYNJ1 protein O43426 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 15496985 t Giorgia "Some of the more minor interactors are very strongly enriched (AAK, auxilin, Dab2, eps15, epsin1 and synaptojanin170). All these enriched proteins have multiple copies of short alpha‐appendage interaction motifs" SIGNOR-260396 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr659 VADERVDyVVVDQQK 9606 BTO:0000527;BTO:0000017 9890893 t lperfetto "Gab-1 is a multisubstrate docking protein downstream in the signaling pathways of different receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)the entire protein was phosphorylated by regfr at eight tyrosine residues (y285, y373, y406, y447, y472, y619, y657, and y689)." SIGNOR-236404 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser267 RVQSKIGsLDNITHV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275434 RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001275 10525529 t miannu "The eukaryotic RecA homologues RAD51 and DMC1 function in homology recognition and formation of joint-molecule recombination intermediates during yeast meiosis. We also show that mouse RAD51 and DMC1 establish protein-protein interactions with each other and with the chromosome core component COR1(SCP3) in a two-hybrid system and in vitro binding analyses. These results suggest that the formation of a multiprotein recombination complex associated with the meiotic chromosome cores is essential for the development and fulfillment of the meiotic recombination process." SIGNOR-264207 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT RICTOR protein Q6R327 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1135 NRRIRTLtEPSVDFN 9606 19995915 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of rictor on thr1135 did not affect mtorc2 assembly, kinase activity, or cellular localization. However, cells expressing a rictor t1135a mutant were found to have increased mtorc2-dependent phosphorylation of akt" SIGNOR-161995 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser716 HILERFGsLTMDGGL 9606 31792381 t "TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ) through a scaffold protein, CARD10. This enables PKCθ to phosphorylate TBK1 at Ser 716, a crucial step for TBK1 activation" SIGNOR-272472 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser867 SPVSVGSsPPVKNIS 9606 BTO:0000093 15383283 t miannu "P38 MAPK and JNK can phosphorylate multiple sites on SRC-3, including S505, S543, S860, and S867. Our results suggest that several kinases are important for phosphorylating SRC-3 and enhancing its interaction with DNA-dependent transcription factors and other coactivators." SIGNOR-250106 RNF167 protein Q9H6Y7 UNIPROT VAMP3 protein Q15836 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys68 ETSAAKLkRKYWWKN 9606 BTO:0000007 23353890 t miannu "Here, we show that Godzilla/RNF167 regulates endosome recycling by the ubiquitylation of VAMP3 on Lys66, Lys68 and Lys77; namely, two adjacent Lys residues on the both sides of the critical interface of SNARE complex are ubiquitylated. In agreement with VAMP3 being a target for Goliath family ubiquitin ligases, we show that recycling endosome trafficking is abrogated in response to their activity. While we observed ubiquitylation of VAMP3 by Godzilla, we are unable to describe the nature of this ubiquitination, be it mono-ubiquitin or extended ubiquitin chains." SIGNOR-272094 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2516 FLTPSPEsPDQWSSS -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273168 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2513 EHPFLTPsPESPDQW -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273169 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr79 QPPTGYTtPTAPQAY 9606 19076070 t lperfetto "Here we report that ews and ews-fli1 become phosphorylated at thr79 . but the p38_/p38_ mapks were the major kinases phosphorylating ews-fli1. It will be important to investigate how the p38_/p38_-stimulated phosphorylation of ews-fusion proteins affects their ability to transactivate and their oncogenic potential." SIGNOR-182778 KIF3B protein O15066 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28290984 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272516 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RAPGEF1 protein Q13905 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr504 APIPSVPyAPFAAIL 9606 15320955 t llicata "C3g is activated upon phosphorylation at tyrosine 504 c3g is phosphorylated in vivo on y504 upon coexpression with src or hck, two members of the src family tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-128273 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248312 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT RPS27A protein P62979 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270826 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 19076070 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Here we report that ews and ews-fli1 become phosphorylated at thr79 in the n-terminal domain in response to mitogens or dna damage. Mitogen-induced phosphorylation of ews and ews-fli1 was weak and catalysed by erk1 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1) and erk2." SIGNOR-270172 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 15618521 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Raf-1 prevents dimerization and phosphorylation of the activation loop of mst2 independently of its protein kinase activity.Raf-1 counteracts apoptosis by suppressing the activation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase (mst2)" SIGNOR-269942 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR FANCL protein Q9NW38 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271099 CENPS protein Q8N2Z9 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265205 thiocyanate smallmolecule CHEBI:18022 ChEBI Cell_killing phenotype SIGNOR-PH149 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000133 9922160 f lperfetto "Myeloperoxidase plays a fundamental role in oxidant production by neutrophils. The enzyme uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), iodide (I-), and the pseudohalide thiocyanate (SCN-) to their respective hypohalous acids.| Our results show that thiocyanate is an important substrate of myeloperoxidase in most environments and that hypothiocyanate is likely to contribute to leukocyte antimicrobial activity." SIGNOR-270592 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 22590567 t "inferred from 70% of family members" llicata "We demonstrate that c-abl kinase phosphorylates mst2 at an evolutionarily conserved site, y81, within the kinase domain. We further show that the phosphorylation of mst2 by c-abl leads to the disruption of the interaction with raf-1 proteins and the enhancement of homodimerization of mst2 proteins. It thereby enhances the mst2 activation and induces neuronal cell death." SIGNOR-269946 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 18418385 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "However, within T/G-Mediator, cdk8 phosphorylates serine-10 on histone H3, which in turn stimulates H3K14 acetylation by GCN5L within the complex. Tandem phosphoacetylation of H3 correlates with transcriptional activation, and ChIP assays demonstrate co-occupancy of T/G-Mediator components at several activated genes in vivo." SIGNOR-273173 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RYR1 protein P21817 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2843 KKKTRKIsQSAQTYD -1 14532276 t miannu "PKA-mediated hyperphosphorylation of a conserved serine, Ser-2843 in skeletal RyR and Ser-2809 in cardiac RyR, results in an aberrant SR function during heart failure. hyperphosphorylated RyRs are leaky and therefore lead to a reduced SR Ca2+ load and impaired contractile function in heart failure" SIGNOR-250078 HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 16892090 f "HK II via its mitochondrial location also suppresses the death of cancer cells, thus increasing their possibility for metastasis and the ultimate death of the human host" SIGNOR-259979 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 TDNLLPMsPEEFDEV 29239838 t lperfetto "We previously demonstrated that Mediator kinase inhibitor cortistatin A (CA) reduced proliferation of JAK2-mutant AML in vitro and in vivo and also suppressed CDK8-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1 at serine 727. Here we report that phosphorylation of STAT1 S727 promotes the proliferation of AML cells with JAK-STAT pathway activation." SIGNOR-273182 CYP24A1 protein Q07973 UNIPROT propan-2-ol smallmolecule CHEBI:17824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 30080183 t lperfetto "Homozygous mutations in the vitamin D 24-hydroxylase CYP24A1, the major enzyme responsible for inactivation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, lead to idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH)." SIGNOR-270574 RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 6153132 f lperfetto "The human and rat OT promoters could be stimulated by the ligand-activated estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, the thyroid hormone receptor THRapha, and the retinoic acid receptors RARalpha and RARbeta in a variety of cells (3, 477, 478). However, it is important to note that these results were obtained from cotransfection experiments in cell lines, i.e., under nonphysiological circumstances." SIGNOR-268549 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser356 SSSGGDRsPTRMLAS 9606 SIGNOR-C18 19351720 t llicata "Our findings demonstrate that the cell cycle proteins cyclin d1 and cdk4 induce runx2 and runx3 phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-185120 risperidone chemical CHEBI:8871 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258530 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22863277 t milica "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (S1P) act through G12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the Hippo pathway kinases Lats1/2, thereby activating YAP and TAZ transcription." SIGNOR-198507 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 10090 12773393 t lperfetto "The results presented here show that MSK2 and, to a lesser extent, MSK1 are the major protein kinases required for the phosphorylation of histone H3 at both Ser10 and Ser28" SIGNOR-265355 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser345 LVQGISFsQPTCPDH 9606 17015476 t "Phosphorylation of Chk1 by ATR is antagonized by a Chk1-regulated protein phosphatase 2A circuit|In response to genotoxic stress, Chk1 is phosphorylated on serines 317 (S317) and 345 (S345) by the ataxia-telangiectasia-related (ATR) protein kinase. Phosphorylation of Chk1 on these C-terminal serine residues is used as an indicator of Chk1 activation in vivo." SIGNOR-248578 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1039 NSNHGSQsPRNVEER 29939287 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on Fig 1" lperfetto "To investigate to what extent EVI1 function might be regulated by post-translational modifications we carried out mass spectrometry- and antibody-based analyses and uncovered an ATM-mediated double phosphorylation of EVI1 at the carboxy-terminal S858/S860 SQS motif." SIGNOR-273434 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 10090 12808134 t lperfetto "Akt1 and akt2 are phosphorylated and activated by the protein kinase pdk1 at thr-308 or thr-309, respectively, in the activation t-loop, and further activation occurs through phosphorylation at ser-473 or ser-474, respectively. In this paper, we demonstrate that this is indeed the case, and report the purification and initial characterization of a 3 phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase, pdk1, which activates pkb by phosphorylating it at thr308. Akt is directly phosphorylated and activated by pdk1. Akt/pkb activation requires the phosphorylation of thr308 in the activation loop by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (pdk1)." SIGNOR-134477 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 SLLKKRDsFRTPRDS 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163792 dothiepin chemical CHEBI:36798 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258877 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ADD2 protein P35612 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser713 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK -1 8810272 t miannu "Ser-726 and Ser-713 in the C-terminal MARCKS-related domains of - and -adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites common for PKA and PKC. Phosphorylation by PKA, but not PKC, reduced the affinity of adducin for spectrin-F-actin complexes as well as the activity of adducin in promoting binding of spectrin to F-actin." SIGNOR-250332 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22641097 f miannu "Effective silencing of Runx2 by short interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated downregulation of EMT-related molecules (SNAI2, SNAI3 and TWIST1), MMP2 and vasculogenic factors (VEGFA and VEGFC) in thyroid carcinoma cells." SIGNOR-255080 PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C133 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 BTO:0000007 20080667 t miannu "DAB2IP interacts via its C2 domain with GSK3β, recruiting phosphatase PP2A for S9 de-phosphorylation and leading to GSK3β activation." SIGNOR-254754 OPRL1 protein P41146 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257117 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT IL6R protein P08887 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15895091 t gcesareni "We show that the augmentation of the il6 signal by recombinant il6 receptors (ril6r) delivery allows the functional recovery of phagocytes in a peritonitis mouse model." SIGNOR-137236 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser455 PAPSRTAsFSESRAD 10116 BTO:0000443 12107176 t gcesareni "Taken together, these results demonstrate that serine 454 of ATP-citrate lyase is a novel and major in vivo substrate for protein kinase B." SIGNOR-245255 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT ZNF322 protein Q6U7Q0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser396 ELSPPHAsEASQMS 9606 BTO:0002552 28581525 t lperfetto "CK1delta and GSK3beta kinases sequentially phosphorylate ZNF322A at serine-396 and then serine-391. Moreover, the doubly phosphorylated ZNF322A protein creates a destruction motif for the ubiquitin ligase FBXW7alpha leading to ZNF322A protein destruction." SIGNOR-264892 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9534 8622669 t lperfetto "These data indicate that mkk6 phosphorylates p38 map kinase on thr-180 and tyr-182, the sites of phosphorylation that activate p38 map kinase" SIGNOR-40423 GNB/GNG complex SIGNOR-C202 SIGNOR PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT up-regulates 23994464 t apalma "However, it was later shown that other PLCβ isoforms (particularly PLCβ2 and PLCβ3) can also be directly activated by Gβγ subunits" SIGNOR-255016 CSF2RB protein P32927 UNIPROT CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 9680354 t apalma "The high-affinity GMR is known to be composed of a specific ligand-binding alpha subunit (GMRα) and a common beta subunit (βc), which is also a component of the interleukins-3 (IL-3) and -5 (IL-5) receptors." SIGNOR-255583 CACNA1G protein O43497 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 30849329 f miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission. Several neurological and cardiac disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding α1-subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNA1A (MIM: 601011) (familial hemiplegic migraine [MIM: 141500], episodic ataxia [MIM: 108500], and epilepsy [MIM: 617106]),3, 4, 5 CACNA1C (MIM: 114205) (Timothy syndrome [MIM: 601005]),6, 7 CACNA1D (MIM: 114206) (primary aldosteronism, neurodevelopmental disorders [MIM: 615474]),8, 9 and CACNA1G (MIM: 604065) (spinocerebellar ataxia [MIM: 616795])." SIGNOR-264329 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser233 VSSQHRYsTPHAFTF 9606 12551925 t gcesareni "For example, PKCα phosphorylates Raf-1 at serine 499 (13), but mutation of this residue did not impede activation of Raf-1 by the physiological stimulators Ras and Lck. Similarly, both v-Src and phorbol esters were able to activate Raf-1 even though the PKC phosphorylation sites at serine 497 and serine 499 were mutated to alanine (14). Thus, although some PKC phosphorylation sites on Raf-1 have been identified, these sites do not appear to be required for activation of Raf-1." SIGNOR-37466 RICTOR protein Q6R327 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205624 CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 30849329 f miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission. Several neurological and cardiac disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding α1-subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNA1A (MIM: 601011) (familial hemiplegic migraine [MIM: 141500], episodic ataxia [MIM: 108500], and epilepsy [MIM: 617106]),3, 4, 5 CACNA1C (MIM: 114205) (Timothy syndrome [MIM: 601005]),6, 7 CACNA1D (MIM: 114206) (primary aldosteronism, neurodevelopmental disorders [MIM: 615474]),8, 9 and CACNA1G (MIM: 604065) (spinocerebellar ataxia [MIM: 616795])." SIGNOR-264331 FBXL7 protein Q9UJT9 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002268 25778398 t miannu "Fbxl7 targets survivin for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation.these data suggest that the Skp1·Cul1·F-box protein complex subunit Fbxl7 modulates mitochondrial function by controlling the cellular abundance of survivin. These results suggest that both Lys-90 and Lys-91 are critical for Fbxl7-mediated polyubiquitylation." SIGNOR-272437 lenalidomide chemical CHEBI:63791 ChEBI IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24328678 t gcesareni "Members of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, specifically Ikaros and Aiolos (encoded by the genes IKZF1 and IKZF3 respectively), are recruited as protein substrates for CRL4CRBN in T cells in response to lenalidomide or pomalidomide treatment." SIGNOR-236910 CACNA1C protein Q13936 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 30849329 f miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission. Several neurological and cardiac disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding α1-subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNA1A (MIM: 601011) (familial hemiplegic migraine [MIM: 141500], episodic ataxia [MIM: 108500], and epilepsy [MIM: 617106]),3, 4, 5 CACNA1C (MIM: 114205) (Timothy syndrome [MIM: 601005]),6, 7 CACNA1D (MIM: 114206) (primary aldosteronism, neurodevelopmental disorders [MIM: 615474]),8, 9 and CACNA1G (MIM: 604065) (spinocerebellar ataxia [MIM: 616795])." SIGNOR-264330 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1406 GAGGRRLsSFVTKGY 9606 17206380 t gcesareni "Protein kinase a phosphorylation at thr456 of the multifunctional protein cad antagonizes activation by the map kinase cascade." SIGNOR-151816 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7234 RAASPTRsSSSASQS 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264429 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "Myog/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C94 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t miannu "Upon the expression of myogenin, myogenin, mef2d, and brg1 localize to the myogenin promoter to maintain myogenin expression./ Swi/snf chromatin-remodeling activity is required for myogenin expression in differentiated skeletal muscle" SIGNOR-151691 CLN8 protein Q9UBY8 UNIPROT SET protein Q01105 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30453012 t miannu "CLN8 interacts with ceramide binding proteins PP2A and I2PP2A. We showed that the phosphorylation levels of several substrates of PP2A, namely Akt, S6 kinase, and GSK3β, were decreased in CLN8 disease patient fibroblasts. This reduction can be reversed by inhibiting PP2A phosphatase activity with cantharidin, suggesting a higher PP2A activity in CLN8-deficient cells. The phosphorylation levels of PP2A substrates are decreased in the absence of CLN8." SIGNOR-265584 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t gcesareni "When cells are stimulated with various ligands such as growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters, or tumor promoters, erk1/2 is activated through dualphosphorylation at the -ptepy-motif. Subsequently, p-erk1/2 translocates into the nucleus and phosphorylates elk-1, thereby acting as a transcription factor for cell proliferationthese data indicate that sa-p-erk1/2 might not only be regulated by mkp such as rvhr, but also by pp1 and ptp as well" SIGNOR-103165 EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr602 IYIDPFTyEDPNEAV -1 10572014 t "Our results demonstrate that autophosphorylation tyrosine 611 in the juxtamembrane region of chicken EphB2 is critical for the association of the Src SH2 domain." SIGNOR-251124 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15311212 f miannu "known E-cadherin transcriptional repressors, such as SLUG (SNAI2), SIP1 (ZEB2), TWIST1, SNAIL (SNAI1) and ZEB1 (TCF8), but not E12/E47 (TCF3), had a lack of upregulation in cells expressing mutated E-cadherin compared to WT." SIGNOR-255155 "monoisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:132593 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268782 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1197 LESEEELySSCRQLR 9606 BTO:0000776 11507089 t lperfetto "These findings indicate that the phosphorylations of the tyrosine residues 753, 759, 1197, and 1217, which have been identified as btk-dependent phosphorylation sites in vitro, coordinately contribute to bcr-induced activation of plcgamma2." SIGNOR-109746 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254939 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PIKFYVE protein Q9Y2I7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 PARNRSAsITNLSLD 9606 BTO:0000887 15546921 t gcesareni "Here we report that serine318 on the fyve domain-containing ptdins3p 5-kinase (pikfyve) is a novel substrate for pkb, and show that phosphorylation stimulates the ptdins3p 5-kinase activity of the enzyme." SIGNOR-252474 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259053 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14662762 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-270039 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SEC63 protein Q9UGP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser574 EEVSDKGsDSEEEET 9606 23287549 t lperfetto "Sec63 was identified as a novel substrate and binding partner of protein kinase CK2. We identified serine 574, serine 576 and serine 748 as CK2 phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of Sec63 by CK2 enhanced its binding to Sec62." SIGNOR-265269 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271354 PYGM protein P11217 UNIPROT glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267948 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22021368 f apalma "In normal hematopoiesis, AML1 suppresses NF-κB signaling and thus may contribute to inhibition of excessive proliferation of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-255692 GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-267509 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr202 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 10116 7535768 t "We demonstrate that ERK, JNK, and p38 are activated by distinct combinations of stimuli in T cells that simulate full or partial activation through the T cell receptor. These kinases are regulated by reversible phosphorylation on Tyr and Thr, and the dual specific phosphatases PAC1 and MKP-1 previously have been implicated in the in vivo inactivation of ERK or of ERK and JNK, respectively" SIGNOR-248462 NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19874624 t Regulation miannu "Nodal effects are dependent upon interactions with Cripto, a small cysteine-rich extracellular protein that is attached to the plasma membrane through a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol linkage. Cripto interacts with Nodal and ALK4, independently, and promotes the formation of a stable high affinity complex with activin type II receptors." SIGNOR-251939 SERPINA1 protein P01009 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8626456 t gcesareni "In vitro binding studies revealed that antithrombin iii (atiii)thrombin, heparin cofactor ii (hcii)thrombin, and ?1-antitrypsin (?1AT)trypsin bound to purified lrp" SIGNOR-41180 RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT "SL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C464 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 11250903 t lperfetto "HRRN3 is essential in the SL1-mediated recruitment of RNA Polymerase I to rRNA gene promoters|We conclude that hRRN3 functions to recruit initiation-competent Pol I to rRNA gene promoters. The essential role for hRRN3 in linking Pol I to SL1 suggests a mechanism for growth control of Pol I transcription." SIGNOR-269647 NTN3 protein O00634 UNIPROT NEO1 protein Q92859 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 28245592 t miannu "Experiments have demonstrated that Neogenin also mediates Netrin-1 attractive functions. Both DCC and Neogenin are type I transmembrane receptors that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins." SIGNOR-268171 NTN1 protein O95631 UNIPROT NEO1 protein Q92859 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 28245592 t miannu "Experiments have demonstrated that Neogenin also mediates Netrin-1 attractive functions. Both DCC and Neogenin are type I transmembrane receptors that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins." SIGNOR-268169 NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22626542 t miannu "The DGC is potentially recruited to the postsynaptic membrane though a direct neurexin–dystroglycan interaction and an indirect interaction with NL2 via the synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM." SIGNOR-265463 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI GUCY1A3-B2 complex SIGNOR-C139 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15036565 t gcesareni "One of the most biologically relevant actions of NO is its binding to the heme moiety in the heterodimeric enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Activation of sGC by NO results in the production of the second messenger molecule, 3€²,5€²-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)" SIGNOR-244113 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 10428798 t lperfetto "Within er af-1, serines 104, 106, and 118 represent potential cdk phosphorylation sites, and in this current study, we ascertain their importance in mediating cyclin a-cdk2-dependent enhancement of er transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-217292 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12110590 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Here, we show that in fibroblasts, insulin, epidermal growth factor (egf) and serum activate atf2 via a so far unknown two-step mechanism involving two distinct ras effector pathways: the raf-mek-erk pathway induces phosphorylation of atf2 thr71, whereas subsequent atf2 thr69 phosphorylation requires the ral-ralgds-src-p38 pathway." SIGNOR-270073 TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257066 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0002419 14633703 t "Here, we identify PP1 as a serine/threonine phosphatase that associates with and dephosphorylates AKT in breast cancer cells|The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin and the ErbB inhibitor ZD1839 promote rapid PP1 phosphatase-dependent inactivation of AKT in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-248502 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 10090 12234980 t gcesareni "In the present study, chromosome number instability and increased tumor invasiveness were noted in constitutively AIM-1-overexpressing cells in vivo. Increased mitotic Ser-10 phosphorylation was also observed in various colorectal tumor cells with high AIM-1 expression levels. These data suggest that increased H3 histone phosphorylation as a result of AIM-1 overexpression is a major precipitating factor of chromosome instability and, thus, may play a role in carcinogenesis." SIGNOR-265356 TTC3 protein P53804 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 20059950 t gcesareni "TTC3 is an Akt-specific E3 ligase that binds to phosphorylated Akt and facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation within the nucleus" SIGNOR-252436 DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257311 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 DVCEAMEyLEGNNFV -1 9148770 t llicata "Taken together these results indicate that Csk can be phosphorylated in vivo at Tyr-184 by an as yet unknown tyrosine kinase, and that autophosphorylation of Tyr-304 occurs only at abnormally high Csk concentrations in vitro. Furthermore, Tyr-304 is required for the maintenance of the structure of the Csk kinase domain." SIGNOR-250778 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser200 YSGDSDAsSPRSNCS 9606 BTO:0000222 14749395 t lperfetto "Myod is phosphorylated on ser5 and ser200 by cyclin b-cdc2, resulting in a decrease of its stability and down-regulation of both myod and p21." SIGNOR-216920 GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-267506 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser705 TPSAMKSsPQIPHQT 9606 20236090 t "Reciprocally, we found that the phosphatases Cdc14A and Cdc14B (Cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to ERK3 and reverse its C-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis. Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.|In vitro phosphorylation of a series of ERK3-deletion mutants by mitotic cell extracts revealed that phosphorylation is confined to the unique C-terminal extension of the protein. Using MS analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, Ser684, Ser688, Thr698 and Ser705, located at the extreme C-terminus of ERK3." SIGNOR-248833 ADP chemical CHEBI:16761 ChEBI AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 21399626 t lperfetto "Amp binding to the gamma-regulatory domain promotes phosphorylation by the upstream kinase, protects the enzyme against dephosphorylation, as well as causing allosteric activation.Adp also stimulates phosphorylation, without stimulating already phosphorylated catalytic subunit. Atp promotes dephosphorylation of catalytic subunit, rendering the ampk enzyme inactive." SIGNOR-217475 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258889 NFS1 protein Q9Y697 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial Fe-S Cluster Assembly Complex" complex SIGNOR-C276 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27519411 t lperfetto "As the architecture of the human machinery remains undefined, we co-expressed in Escherichia coli the following four proteins involved in the initial step of Fe-S cluster synthesis: FXN42-210 (iron donor); [NFS1]·[ISD11] (sulfur donor); and ISCU (scaffold upon which new clusters are assembled). We purified a stable, active complex consisting of all four proteins with 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry." SIGNOR-262127 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser203 EYPEPYAsPPQPGLP 9534 BTO:0004055 10230405 t lperfetto "Here we show that maximal SF-1-mediated transcription and interaction with general nuclear receptor cofactors depends on phosphorylation of a single serine residue (Ser-203) located in a major activation domain (AF-1) of the protein. Moreover, phosphorylation-dependent SF-1 activation is likely mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway." SIGNOR-249431 Norbinaltorphimine chemical CHEBI:81529 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258819 DNAJC11 protein Q9NVH1 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_biogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH32 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000312 25111180 f "Homozygous mutant mice developed locomotion defects, muscle weakness, spasticity, limb tremor, leucopenia, thymic and splenic hypoplasia, general wasting and early lethality. Neuropathological analysis showed severe vacuolation of the motor neurons in the spinal cord, originating from dilatations of the endoplasmic reticulum and notably from mitochondria that had lost their proper inner membrane organization. T" SIGNOR-261147 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT ZNF746 protein Q6NUN9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000793 28122242 t miannu "PINK1 is required for Parkin ubiquitination and degradation of PARIS. PINK1 interacts with and phosphorylates serines 322 and 613 of PARIS to control its ubiquitination and clearance by parkin." SIGNOR-273726 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser343 KSDCQPNsPTESCSS 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 9649500 t gcesareni "Here we show that antigen receptor activation leads to bcl-6 phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). Phosphorylation, in turn, targets bcl-6 for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-58493 "Papain-like proteinase" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037311 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 31226023 t miannu "Also, SARS-CoVPLPro catalyzed deubiquitination ofTNF-receptor-associatedfactor3(TRAF3)and TRAF6, thereby suppressing IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines induced by TLR7 agonist" SIGNOR-260248 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT WARS2 protein Q9UGM6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269430 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAP1B protein P61224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser179 PGKARKKsSCQLL 9606 19651783 t llicata "These results provide a mechanistic explanation for the differential effects of rap1 phosphorylation by pka on effector protein interaction. camp is one among several pathways leading to rap1 activation" SIGNOR-187410 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT DPP6 protein P42658 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 23409053 t lperfetto "Dnmt3b was responsible for transcriptional silencing of Dpp6 gene as depletion of Dnmt3b resulted in increased mRNA and protein expression of Dpp6." SIGNOR-268963 IDH3A protein P50213 UNIPROT IDH complex SIGNOR-C396 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the α2βγ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-266248 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269252 DDHD2 protein O94830 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269649 RNF128 protein Q8TEB7 UNIPROT CD83 protein Q01151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys177 SIFPDFSkAGMERAF 9606 BTO:0000007 19542455 t miannu "In this study, we show that GRAIL can down-modulate the expression of CD83 (previously described as a cell surface marker for mature dendritic cells) on CD4 T cells. GRAIL-mediated down-modulation of CD83 is dependent on an intact GRAIL extracellular protease-associated domain and an enzymatically active cytosolic RING domain, and proceeds via the ubiquitin-dependent 26S proteosome pathway. Ubiquitin modification of lysine residues K168 and K183, but not K192, in the cytoplasmic domain of CD83 was shown to be necessary for GRAIL-mediated degradation of CD83." SIGNOR-271850 HRC protein P23327 UNIPROT ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001879 28784772 t miannu "Furthermore, a Ser96Asp HRC variant, which mimics constitutive phosphorylation of Ser96, diminished delayed aftercontractions in HRC null cardiac myocytes. This HRC phosphomimetic variant was also able to rescue the aftercontractions elicited by the Ser96Ala variant, demonstrating that phosphorylation of Ser96 is critical for the cardioprotective function of HRC. Phosphorylation of HRC on Ser96 regulated the interactions of HRC with both triadin and SERCA2a, suggesting a unique mechanism for regulation of SR Ca homeostasis. " SIGNOR-273662 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19726546 t lperfetto "Thus, TGF-_1 rapidly stimulates activity of both RhoA and Rac1 and this activation requires ALK5/T_RI kinase activity." SIGNOR-227496 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256936 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr367 IIYTQDFtVPGQVPE 9606 BTO:0000848 12234250 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that both dna-pk and atm efficiently phosphorylate lkb1 at thr-366 in vitro and provide evidence that atm mediates this phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-92873 FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1333 DYNSVVLySTPPI 9606 9722576 t lperfetto "Receptor tyrosine phosphorylation is crucial for signal transduction by creating high affinity binding sites for src homology 2 domain-containing molecules. By expressing the intracellular domain of flt-1/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in the baculosystem, we identified two major tyrosine phosphorylation sites at tyr-1213 and tyr-1242 and two minor tyrosine phosphorylation sites at tyr-1327 and tyr-1333 in this receptor." SIGNOR-59762 LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11368773 t lperfetto "By substituting these tyrosine residues in LAT with phenylalanine and by utilizing phosphorylated peptides derived from these sites, we mapped the tyrosine residues in LAT required for the direct interaction and activation of Vav, p85/p110alpha and phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1). Our results indicate that Tyr(226) and Tyr(191) are required for Vav binding, whereas Tyr(171) and Tyr(132) are necessary for association and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and PLCgamma1 respectively." SIGNOR-252734 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr79 QPPTGYTtPTAPQAY 9606 19076070 t lperfetto "Here we report that ews and ews-fli1 become phosphorylated at thr79 in the n-terminal domain in response to mitogens or dna damage. Mitogen-induced phosphorylation of ews and ews-fli1 was weak and catalysed by erk1 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1) and erk2." SIGNOR-182770 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ANP32B protein Q92688 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr244 GEKRKREtDDEGEDD 9606 19130553 t gcesareni "Here, we are able to report that casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylates april on residue threonine244 (thr(244)) and demonstrate that the ck2-specific inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole abolishes cd83 expression in activated jurkat t cells by interfering with the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of cd83 mrna" SIGNOR-183158 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val76 LTGKLTTvFLPIVYT -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263601 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT HSD11B1 protein P28845 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19088256 t lperfetto "In conclusion, C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta control basal transcription, and TNF-alpha upregulates 11beta-HSD1, most likely by p38 MAPK-mediated increased binding of C/EBPbeta to the human HSD11B1 promoter." SIGNOR-268972 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SUZ12 protein Q15022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser546 SMSEFLEsEDGEVEQ 25855382 t lperfetto "PLK1 and HOTAIR Accelerate Proteasomal Degradation of SUZ12 and ZNF198 during Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis|In SUZ12, residues 539, 541 and 546 phosphorylated by Plk1 in vitro" SIGNOR-275556 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001103 28163303 t apalma "During early stages of myogenesis, CIITA binds directly to myogenin (MYOG) and inactivates it, preventing MYOG-mediated induction of myogenic genes that are required for muscle differentiation and function" SIGNOR-255111 TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 17151142 f "[...] TNF-alpha is critical for p38 activation during the early stages of myoblast differentiation" SIGNOR-253601 NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 23069675 t lperfetto "Immunofluorescence staining and subcellular fractionation analyses revealed increased mitochondrial translocation of Bad and Bax proteins from cytoplasm following OGD (4 h) and simultaneously increased release of Cyt C from mitochondria followed by activation of caspase-3. NP1 protein was immunoprecipitated with Bad and Bax proteins; OGD caused increased interactions of NP1 with Bad and Bax, thereby, facilitating their mitochondrial translocation and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential" SIGNOR-261439 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMB1 protein P20618 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28559284 t lperfetto "Our experiments collectively suggest that UBE3A stimulates Wnt pathway activation by interacting with, ubiquitinating, and reducing the levels of multiple (PSMB1, PSMC2, PSMD2, and PSMD7) proteasome subunits." SIGNOR-265131 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32991581 t brain lperfetto "NFIA binds to and activates the brown-fat-specific enhancers even before differentiation and later facilitates the binding of PPARgamma|NFIA has at least three functions on the transcriptional regulation of brown fat [2]. First, NFIA activates adipogenesis per se, through activating the transcription of Pparg, which encodes PPARgamma. Second, NFIA also activates the brown-fat-specific gene expression (such as Ucp1 and Ppargc1a) independent of the degree of adipocyte differentiation, through facilitating the binding of PPARgamma to the brown-fat-specific enhancers. Third, NFIA represses myogenesis through suppression of myogenic transcription factors such as Myod1 as well as Myog," SIGNOR-263982 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636-5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ -1 21204788 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273928 MARK4 protein Q96L34 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr231 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS -1 21204788 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273932 MARK4 protein Q96L34 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ -1 21204788 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273933 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636-4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser352 PRHLSNVsSTGSIDM -1 21204788 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273929 MARK4 protein Q96L34 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636-4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser353 RHLSNVSsTGSIDMV -1 21204788 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273934 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR CEP68 protein Q76N32 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 25503564 t lperfetto "We show that the intercentrosomal linker protein Cep68 is degraded in prometaphase through the SCF(βTrCP) (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex. Cep68 degradation is initiated by PLK1 phosphorylation of Cep68 on Ser 332, allowing recognition by βTrCP." SIGNOR-275622 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT LDHB protein P07195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys329 DTLWDIQkDLKDL 9606 BTO:0001615 34929314 t lperfetto "In colorectal cancer, SIRT5 binds to lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) to deacetylate it at Lysine 329, thereby increasing its enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-267645 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLPRPE 10090 BTO:0000944 11313479 t "Phosphorylation of AFX by PKB occurs in the nucleus. Phosphorylation of S193 reduces the rate of nuclear import. PKB-mediated phosphorylation of AFX, therefore, attenuates the import of the transcription factor, which shifts the localization of the protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and results in the inhibition of AFX transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-251491 putrescine smallmolecule CHEBI:17148 ChEBI Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14617280 f apalma "Cell proliferation is highly dependent on the synthesis of polyamines, which are derived from arginine metabolism" SIGNOR-255551 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT RETREG3 protein Q86VR2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23939472 f miannu "We found that NRF-1 positively regulates FAM134C and ENOX1, but negatively regulates C3orf10 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells and primary rat cortical neurons." SIGNOR-261367 DLG3 protein Q92796 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization BTO:0000227 32904533 t lperfetto "DLG3 plays a critical role in clustering of NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses." SIGNOR-266007 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK2 protein Q9HBY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr193 EPEDTTStFCGTPEY 10548550 t miannu "SGK2 and SGK3 are activated in vitro by PDK1, albeit more slowly than SGK1, and their activation is accompanied by the phosphorylation of Thr(193) and Thr(253) respectively. The PDK1-catalysed phosphorylation and activation of SGK2 and SGK3, like SGK1, is greatly potentiated by mutating Ser(356) and Ser(419) respectively to Asp, these residues being equivalent to the C-terminal phosphorylation site of PKB." SIGNOR-250277 FBXO27 protein Q8NI29 UNIPROT LAMP2 protein P13473 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28743755 t miannu "Here, we report the characterization of FBXO27, a glycoprotein-specific F-box protein that is part of the SCF (SKP1/CUL1/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex, and demonstrate that SCFFBXO27 ubiquitinates glycoproteins in damaged lysosomes to regulate autophagic machinery recruitment.We found that the lysosomal protein LAMP2, which is ubiquitinated preferentially on lysosomal damage, enhances autophagic machinery recruitment to damaged lysosomes. Thus, we propose that SCFFBXO27 ubiquitinates glycoproteins exposed upon lysosomal damage to induce lysophagy." SIGNOR-272323 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM34 protein Q9BYJ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270966 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AZ1 protein P0C0S5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys121 IHKSLIGkKGQQKTV 9606 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271748 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser143 RTPRRSKsDGEAKPE 9606 21151116 t lperfetto "Akt1 kinase colocalizes and directly interacts with dnmt1 and phosphorylates ser143. Phosphorylated dnmt1 peaks during dna synthesis, before dnmt1 methylation. Depletion of akt1 or overexpression of dominant-negative akt1 increases methylated dnmt1, resulting in a decrease in dnmt1 abundance. In mammalian cells, phosphorylated dnmt1 is more stable than methylated dnmt1." SIGNOR-244232 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser2152 TRRRRAPsVANVGSH 9606 16442073 t "Filamin is a phosphoprotein that organizes actin filaments into networks. We report that a purified C-terminal recombinant region of filamin is a suitable substrate for calcineurin |Mutagenesis analysis showed that a dephosphorylation step occurred in Ser 2152, which was previously shown to provide resistance to calpain cleavage when endogenous PKA is activated. In contrast, phosphorylation of Ser 2152 was recently reported to be necessary for membrane dynamic changes. In this regard, we found that CsA protects filamin in platelets from calpain degradation." SIGNOR-248507 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT TBXA2R protein P21731-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser357 RLPGSSDsRASASRA 9606 16956790 t done miannu " These data suggest a model whereby agonist-induced PKC phosphorylation of Ser(145) partially impairs TPbeta signalling while GRK2/3 phosphorylation at both Ser(239) and Ser(357) within its IC(3) and C-tail domains, respectively, sterically inhibits G-protein coupling, profoundly desensitizing signalling, and promotes beta-arrestin association and, in turn, facilitates TPbeta internalization." SIGNOR-274091 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937-3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr394 QQNRFPDyLEAIPGT 11090 27013234 t done miannu "We found that YAP1, the pivotal effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is a direct SRC phosphorylation target, and YAP1 phosphorylation at three sites in its transcription activation domain is necessary for SRC-YAP1-mediated transformation. " SIGNOR-274026 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser29 ATKVARKsAPATGGV 10090 12773393 t lperfetto "The results presented here show that MSK2 and, to a lesser extent, MSK1 are the major protein kinases required for the phosphorylation of histone H3 at both Ser10 and Ser28" SIGNOR-249214 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXC4 protein P09017 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260030 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000766 10435048 f miannu "IL-1 beta induces expression of GTP cyclohydrolase-1 which leads to increased generation of BH4 and activation of eNOS." SIGNOR-252224 pentazocine chemical CHEBI:7982 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258934 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr678 RHIVRKRtLRRLLQE 9606 10816576 t lperfetto "Biochemical and morphological analyses indicate that threonine-phosphorylated EGFR molecules undergo normal internalization, but instead of sorting to lysosomal degradation, they recycle back to the cell surfaceThe inhibitory effects of pkc are mediated by a single threonine residue (threonine 654) of egfr" SIGNOR-77421 FBXO2 protein Q9UK22 UNIPROT BACE1 protein P56817 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 20854419 t miannu "SCFFbx2-E3-ligase-mediated degradation of BACE1 attenuates Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis and improves synaptic function. We report that the SCF(Fbx2) -E3 ligase is involved in the binding and ubiquitination of BACE1 via its Trp 280 residue of F-box-associated domain. we found that overexpression of Fbx2 in the primary cortical and hippocampal neurons derived from Tg2576 transgenic mice significantly promoted BACE1 degradation and reduced β-amyloid production." SIGNOR-271904 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT TBXA2R protein P21731-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser239 AQQRPRDsEVEMMAQ 9606 16956790 t done miannu " These data suggest a model whereby agonist-induced PKC phosphorylation of Ser(145) partially impairs TPbeta signalling while GRK2/3 phosphorylation at both Ser(239) and Ser(357) within its IC(3) and C-tail domains, respectively, sterically inhibits G-protein coupling, profoundly desensitizing signalling, and promotes beta-arrestin association and, in turn, facilitates TPbeta internalization." SIGNOR-274088 CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265863 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr730 PNLFVALyDFVASGD 9606 16912036 t Manara "Src family kinases phosphorylate the Bcr-Abl SH3-SH2 region and modulate Bcr-Abl transforming activity. | Tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH3-SH2 region is essential for full Bcr-Abl biological activity." SIGNOR-260810 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr841 RSAFTTStVVRMHVG -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249290 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20551513 f gcesareni "Mechanistic analysis revealed that the tak1-mkk3/6-p38 mapk axis phosphorylated runx2, promoting its association with the coactivator creb-binding protein (cbp), which is re-quired to regulate osteoblast genetic programs." SIGNOR-166167 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT TBXA2R protein P21731-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser357 RLPGSSDsRASASRA 9606 16956790 t done miannu " These data suggest a model whereby agonist-induced PKC phosphorylation of Ser(145) partially impairs TPbeta signalling while GRK2/3 phosphorylation at both Ser(239) and Ser(357) within its IC(3) and C-tail domains, respectively, sterically inhibits G-protein coupling, profoundly desensitizing signalling, and promotes beta-arrestin association and, in turn, facilitates TPbeta internalization." SIGNOR-274089 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TBXA2R protein P21731-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser145 FSRPAVAsQRRAWAT 9606 16956790 t done miannu " These data suggest a model whereby agonist-induced PKC phosphorylation of Ser(145) partially impairs TPbeta signalling while GRK2/3 phosphorylation at both Ser(239) and Ser(357) within its IC(3) and C-tail domains, respectively, sterically inhibits G-protein coupling, profoundly desensitizing signalling, and promotes beta-arrestin association and, in turn, facilitates TPbeta internalization." SIGNOR-274092 "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000143 25195934 f miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270759 SNRPG protein P62308 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270632 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 f "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-269993 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr969 PLLQPNNyQFC 9606 BTO:0001271 15297464 t lperfetto "Csf-1r homodimerizes and autophosphorylates on six tyrosines in the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor. Tyr807 is located in the activation loop of the kinase domain (9) and its phosphorylation is important for kinase activity (10). The remaining tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins containing src homology 2 (sh2) binding domains. Three sites are found in the ki: grb2/mona (tyr697) (11, 12), p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (tyr721) (13), and stat1 (tyr706) (14), the c-cbl binding site is in the cooh terminus (tyr974) following ligand binding, the csf-1r is rapidly internalized and degraded. This process begins with multiubiquitination of the csf-1r mediated by c-cbl (20), an e3-type ubiquitin ligase" SIGNOR-127626 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr199 VKKSIRDtPAKNAQK 9606 SIGNOR-C17 12058066 t llicata "However, under the experimental conditions used here, the t199 residue was the most likely candidate to be phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2 these results strongly support the concept that the rna binding activity of b23.1 is inactivated by cyclin b/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-89605 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM68 protein Q6AZZ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271169 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr66 DTAGQEDyDRLRPLS 9606 BTO:0000567 23027962 t lperfetto "When these RhoA mutants were coexpressed with Bcr-Abl, phosphorylation levels of Y34F and Y66F RhoA mutants dramatically decreased to 32% and 17%, respectively. As expected, when Y34 and Y66 were both mutated to phenylalanine, phosphorylation was completely abolished. Together, these observations indicate that Y34 and Y66 are the two predominant phosphorylation sites, and that the Src kinase and Bcr-Abl are the two candidate kinases that may phosphorylate these sites.|In contrast to active RhoA, RhoAQ63L(Y34,66E) had a dramatic decrease in RBD binding. This binding fraction was even lower than that of WT RhoA, suggesting phosphorylation at these sites could have a negative effect on RhoA activity" SIGNOR-271699 HIP1 protein O00291 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11007801 f miannu "Huntingtin interacting protein 1 induces apoptosis via a novel caspase-dependent death effector domain." SIGNOR-82463 SNX9 protein Q9Y5X1 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11799118 f gcesareni "We have previously shown that sh3px1, phosphorylated by ack2 (activated cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase 2), regulates the degradation of egf (epidermal growth factor) receptor.The cdc42 target ack2 interacts with sorting nexin 9 (sh3px1) to regulate epidermal growth factor receptor degradation." SIGNOR-114167 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270746 KDM5D protein Q9BY66 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264309 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT RBM17 protein Q96I25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser288 DATEKDAsKKSDSNP 9534 BTO:0001538 23519612 t miannu "In this work, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) phosphorylates SPF45 on eight serine residues." SIGNOR-262709 TTBK1 protein Q5TCY1 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 BTO:0000938 16923168 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Direct tau phosphorylation by ttbk1 at ser198, ser199, ser202 and ser422, which are also phosphorylated in phfs. Ttbk1 also induces tau aggregation in human neuronal cells in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ttbk1 is a neuron-specific dual kinase involved in tau phosphorylation at ad-related sites and is also associated with tau aggregation." SIGNOR-148974 NRG1 protein Q02297 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 7514177 t gcesareni "Direct interaction between heregulin and the two proteins was demonstrated by chemical cross-linking experiments using 125i-heregulin followed by immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for erbb2 or erbb3." SIGNOR-26875 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257141 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0001516 23246379 f miannu "Grb10 transduces signal from FLT3 by direct interaction with p85 and Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD cells expressing Grb10 exhibits higher STAT5 activation. These results suggest that Grb10 binds to both normal and oncogenic FLT3 and induces PI3K-Akt and STAT5 signaling pathways resulting in an enhanced proliferation, survival and colony formation of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-260081 FERMT2 protein Q96AC1 UNIPROT FBLIM1 protein Q8WUP2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 24165133 t miannu "Kindlin binds migfilin tandem LIM domains and regulates migfilin focal adhesion localization and recruitment dynamics. Two integrin-binding proteins present in FAs, kindlin-1 and kindlin-2, are important for integrin activation, FA formation, and signaling. By binding filamin, migfilin provides a link between kindlin and the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-266102 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT ACADM protein P11310 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001370 28974683 t Federica "This truncated PPARγ translocates to mitochondria, where it directly interacts with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD). This binding event attenuates MCAD activity and inhibits fatty acid oxidation" SIGNOR-261264 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC1 protein Q96A08 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys36 KKRKRTRkESYSIYI 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271992 ACD protein Q96AP0 UNIPROT POT1/ACD complex SIGNOR-C64 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17237768 t miannu "We find that tpp1 and pot1 form a complex with telomeric dna that increases the activity and processivity of the human telomerase core enzyme." SIGNOR-152318 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 10655479 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Specifically, down-regulation of mature prs occurs by a mechanism in which ligand binding activates pr phosphorylation by mapks at a unique serine residue, which then targets the receptors for degradation." SIGNOR-270157 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000661 10364179 f "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" lperfetto "Caspase-8 triggered rapid cytochrome c release from mitochondria. The effect was indirect." SIGNOR-68225 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161686 U0126 chemical CHEBI:90693 ChEBI MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 11160424 t gcesareni "Pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity and neuronal survival. Interestingly, erk5 activation by egf in cos7 cells is also blocked by these inhibitors suggesting that the erk5 pathway may also regulate cellular processes credited previously to erk1/2." SIGNOR-104945 NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0000938 23069675 t lperfetto "Immunofluorescence staining and subcellular fractionation analyses revealed increased mitochondrial translocation of Bad and Bax proteins from cytoplasm following OGD (4 h) and simultaneously increased release of Cyt C from mitochondria followed by activation of caspase-3. NP1 protein was immunoprecipitated with Bad and Bax proteins; OGD caused increased interactions of NP1 with Bad and Bax, thereby, facilitating their mitochondrial translocation and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential" SIGNOR-261483 "Urotensin II" smallmolecule CHEBI:80244 ChEBI UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257590 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser112 KRAGGEEsQFEMDI 9606 12588975 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at s112 directly affects binding of 4e-bp1 to eif4e without influencing phosphorylation of other sites." SIGNOR-98280 TBX22 protein Q9Y458 UNIPROT MSX2 protein P35548 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9031 BTO:0005956 20033915 t miannu "the main function of TBX22 as shown in misexpression experiments is to decrease proliferation. We subsequently uncovered three targets of TBX22, DLX5, MSX2, and TBX22 itself. All are downregulated in the presence of viral-derived hTBX22." SIGNOR-265567 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser30 DAKPDRSsFVPSLFS 9606 BTO:0000150 21555521 t gcesareni "Pak2 can bind with caspase-7 and phosphorylate caspase-7 at the ser-30, thr-173, and ser-239 sites. Functionally, the phosphorylation of caspase-7 decreases its activity, thereby inhibiting cellular apoptosis." SIGNOR-173659 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser256 SPRRRAAsMDNNSKF 9606 10377430 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that pkb/akt directly phosphorylates fkhr1, a member of the closely related fkhr subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors, on at least two residues (threonine-24 and serine-253). These results indicate that phosphorylation by pkbyakt negatively regulates fkhr1 by promoting export from the nucleus." SIGNOR-252871 PTPRT protein O14522 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr88 PQSSSPVyGSSAKTS 9606 BTO:0000182 27447856 t brain lperfetto "To this end, using a phospho-proteomics approach, we identified and validated paxillin and STAT3 as the substrates of PTPRT [15, 16]|the PTPRT target site on paxillin is a previously uncharacterized tyrosine-88 residue (paxillin Y88)|In this study, we also show how pY88 paxillin transduces a signal to activate Akt" SIGNOR-263978 TUBA3C protein P0DPH7 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 f miannu "We show here that Elongator regulates corticogenesis because an acute disruption of its activity in dorsal progenitors results in radial migration delays and defective terminal branching of projection neurons that come with a reduction in α-tubulin acetylation. Importantly, this complex interacts with the microtubule cytoskeleton, where Elp3 may directly acetylate α-tubulin, a posttranslational modification known to regulate the intracellular trafficking that is critical for cell shape remodeling during migration and terminal branching." SIGNOR-269724 MMP12 protein P39900 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly376 SMTRVVGgLVALRGA -1 10930399 t lperfetto "The data presented in this study show for the first time the degradation of Factor XII of the blood clotting system by matrix metalloproteinases. MMP-12, MMP-13, and MMP-14 cleave at Gly376Leu377|However, no activity of Factor XII can be observed after MMPinduced cleavage." SIGNOR-263611 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser511 RREERSLsAPGNLLT 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Pka phosphorylates ser-100, ser-495, and ser-511the camp/pka pathway can inhibit camkk2 activity" SIGNOR-198154 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12032779 f miannu "Several different transcription factors have been implicated in the down-regulation of c-myc expression during differentiation, including C/EBPalpha, CTCF, BLIMP-1, and RFX1." SIGNOR-253830 PPP1R3A protein Q16821 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 8250835 t gcesareni "In skeletal muscle, the activation of glycogen synthase by insulin involves the dephosphorylation of serine residues that are phosphorylated by gsk3 and dephosphorylated by the glycogen-associated form of protein phosphatase-l (pp1g)." SIGNOR-37301 HECTD4 protein Q9Y4D8 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001321 32814769 t miannu "We identified several E3 ligases as strong candidates responsible for AR and MYC protein loss as HECTD4, MYCBP2, and TRIM49. HECTD4 and MYCBP2 target AR and MYC for degradation while TRIM49 appears to promote AR and MYC stability. We have shown that these E3 ligases in turn are directly regulated by MYC. MYC in turn represses the expression of ubiquitin ligases, HECTD4 and MYCBP2 that promote AR and MYC protein degradation, further suppressing MYC and AR in a feed forward loop." SIGNOR-267146 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser67 RQLRKVRsVELDQLP 9606 BTO:0000007 12228228 t lperfetto "We found that pak1 phosphorylated mekk1 on serine 67 of its amino-terminal regulatory domain. mekk1 activity was increased modestly following pak phosphorylation." SIGNOR-236006 NF90-NF45 complex SIGNOR-C443 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0001221 25566957 t miannu "In the present study, we investigated the expression profiles of NF45 in the sciatic nerve of adult rats following crush injury.  in the TNF-α-induced Schwann cell proliferation assay, protein level of NF45 and cyclin E was elevated while expression of p21 was down-regulated. Further, when NF45 was knocked down, Schwann cell proliferation was interrupted and the expression of cyclin E was attenuated, while the expression of p21 was up-regulated. To repress the expression of p21 is one of the basic mechanisms for NF45-regulated cell proliferation." SIGNOR-268491 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SH3PXD2A protein Q5TCZ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 20943948 t lperfetto " Recently, we have shown that tyrosine kinase c-Src substrate Tks4 and Tks5 proteins are novel members of the organizer superfamily" SIGNOR-264706 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI NDUFS1 protein P28331 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24843020 t Federica "In this study, we report that in human cancer cells, metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) activity and cellular respiration" SIGNOR-261080 DPM3 protein Q9P2X0 UNIPROT "DPM complex" complex SIGNOR-C289 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10835346 t lperfetto "Human dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase consists of three subunits, DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3." SIGNOR-262565 IL15 protein P40933 UNIPROT IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17709786 t "Interleukin-15 specificity and high affinity binding are conferred by the IL-5-specific but nonsignaling IL-15R alpha subunit, which is structurally similar (but not homologous) to the alpha receptor subunit of IL-2" SIGNOR-157415 succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI fumarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29806 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. The human enzyme readily oxidizes succinate to fumarate, while the reverse reaction is hardly detectable in most human cells and tissues under standard conditions." SIGNOR-266275 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 1310351 f gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-16680 Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268716 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256798 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR Transcritpional_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH205 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15970593 f lperfetto "Transcription initiation is a major regulatory step in eukaryotic gene expression. Co-activators establish transcriptionally competent promoter architectures and chromatin signatures to allow the formation of the pre-initiation complex (PIC), comprising RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and general transcription factors (GTFs).|this observation appears remarkably prevalent for chromatin-modifying and remodeling complexes. Here, we use the modular organization of the evolutionary conserved Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex as a paradigm to illustrate how co-activators share and combine a relatively limited set of functional tools." SIGNOR-269570 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr317 PTQRMTItEFMNHPW -1 7592979 t miannu "In Vitro Activation of MAPKAP Kinase 2 by p38/40. the constitutively active mutant T205E,T317E shows no changes in activity after treatment with the p38/40 fraction" SIGNOR-250102 MTHFR protein P42898 UNIPROT (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10720211 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in the folate cycle and contributes to the metabolism of the amino acid homocysteine. It catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, thus generating the active form of folate required for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine." SIGNOR-268228 PIGF protein Q07326 UNIPROT PIGG protein Q5H8A4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 15632136 t miannu "We show that the human homolog of Gpi7p, termed hGPI7, binds to and is stabilized by PIG-F and that hGPI7 competes with PIG-O for binding to PIG-F. PIG-F Binds to and Stabilizes hGPI7 and PIG-O Independently. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression of hGPI7 decreases the biosynthetic activity of PIG-O by decreasing the available PIG-F, thereby destabilizing PIG-O." SIGNOR-261358 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257618 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr760 TVTSTDEyLDLSAPF 9606 BTO:0000007 11294897 t lperfetto "Ligand stimulation leads to autophosphorylation of fgfr3taken together, these results clearly implicate y724 in the activation of stat proteins by constitutively activated mutants of fgfr3 and suggest that both y724 and y760 are required for maximal stat activation." SIGNOR-106742 TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 17541280 f "IL-4 gene transcription is inhibited by T-bet via the suppression of its promoter activity, independently of IFN-gamma. T-bet facilitates Th1 differentiation through not only upregulation of IFN-gamma, but also downregulation of IL-4 gene transcription" SIGNOR-254496 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257907 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT POLQ protein O75417 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001890 22056306 t miannu "DNA polymerase eta is targeted by Mdm2 for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in response to ultraviolet irradiation" SIGNOR-272729 SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT Fibrinolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH6 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 19387897 f miannu "Plasma PAI-1 levels robustly fluctuate in a circadian manner and consequently contribute to hypofibrinolysis during the early morning. The circadian expression of PAI-1 gene is thought to be directly regulated by the circadian clock proteins such as CLOCK and BMAL1/BMAL2 which drive the endogenous biological clock. Plasma PAI-1 levels are increased in the beginning of the active phase in both diurnal humans and in nocturnal rodents, suggesting that the rhythmic PAI-1 expression is commonly indispensable for organisms." SIGNOR-267984 TGM2 protein P21980 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 16407273 t gcesareni "Tg2 is able to phosphorylate purified histone proteins, and h3 and h1 in chromatin preparations, and it is associated with chromatin in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-265369 SKOR1 protein P84550 UNIPROT LBX1 protein P52954 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15528197 t llicata "Furthermore, Corl1 interacted with Lbx1 and cooperatively repressed transcription, suggesting that it acts as a transcriptional corepressor for Lbx1 in regulating cell fate determination in the dorsal spinal cord." SIGNOR-238004 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Downstream of caspase-8 activation, apoptosis induction takes place" SIGNOR-90612 XRCC3 protein O43542 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C301 23438602 t lperfetto "We examined the effect of XRCC3 depletion on redistribution of RAD51 upon IR damage|Interestingly, cells expressing the XRCC3 S225A phosphomutant showed compromised chromatin loading of RAD51 upon IR damage (Fig. 4G) while the nuclear and cytosolic fractions of RAD51 were largely unchanged|It is likely that BRCA2 may directly participate in RAD51 recruitment and XRCC3 may stabilize the RAD51 filament which is in part mediated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263258 TRBC1 protein P01850 UNIPROT TCR complex SIGNOR-C153 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12507424 t miannu "The T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) serves a critical role in the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells, and receptor triggering elicits a complex set of biological responses that serve to protect the organism from infectious agents. The receptor is composed of six different chains that form the TCR heterodimer responsible for ligand recognition, as well as the CD3γε, CD3δε, and ζζ signaling modules.the TCRα-CD3δε and TCRβ-CD3γε interactions are similar since both require a lysine in the TM region of the respective TCR chain and both acidic TM residues in the relevant CD3 heterodimer. Nevertheless, formation of fully assembled αβ TCR-CD3 complexes containing the ζ-chain strictly required both CD3γ and δ" SIGNOR-255298 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "In particular, p38 mapk activity stimulates the physical association between ppa2 and mkk1/2- erk1/2 complex, leading to mkk1/2 dephosphorilation by pp2a." SIGNOR-166649 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser250 TGSPAELsPTTLSPV 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248311 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys399 SGPCERRkSPLQDPF 9606 BTO:0000007 17923090 t lperfetto "By binding to IFNalphaR2 within the region where two adjacent proline boxes bear phospho-Ser364 and phospho-Ser384, CBP acetylates IFNalphaR2 on Lys399, which in turn serves as the docking site for interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9)RF9 interacts with the acetyl-Lys399 motif by means of its IRF homology2 (IH2) domain, leading to formation of the ISGF3 complex that includes IRF9, STAT1, and STAT2." SIGNOR-217783 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser393 RGELIPIsPSTEVGG BTO:0000007 10593981 t llicata "Ten phosphorylation sites carboxyl-terminal to the DNA-binding domain were identified by this method: threonines at positions 267, 408, 497, 519, 522, and 524 and serines at positions 283, 396, 455, and 581. | Our results indicate that B-Myb can be phosphorylated in a cell-free system by both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. | These data suggest that B-Myb is a target for phosphorylation by cyclin-Cdk2 and that phosphorylation of B-Myb regulates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-250734 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT AARS2 protein Q5JTZ9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269415 P300/PCAF complex SIGNOR-C7 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 15009097 t lperfetto "Gcn5 functions like pcaf, in that it binds to tgf-beta-specific r-smads, and enhances transcriptional activity induced by tgf-beta. In addition, gcn5, but not pcaf, interacts with r-smads for bone morphogenetic protein (bmp) signalling pathways, and enhances bmp-induced transcriptional activity, suggesting that gcn5 and pcaf have distinct physiological functions in vivo." SIGNOR-217233 ASAP2 protein O43150 UNIPROT ARF5 protein P84085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" -1 10022920 t miannu "Pap is a multidomain protein composed of an N-terminal alpha-helical region with a coiled-coil motif, followed by a pleckstrin homology domain, an Arf-GAP domain, an ankyrin homology region, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain.  In addition, in vitro recombinant Pap exhibits strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity towards the small GTPases Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity towards Arf6.  Pap protein exhibits Arf GAP activity in vitro." SIGNOR-269707 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr423 PEQSKRStMVGTPYW 10116 18586681 t "Both sites were dephosphorylated with the same kinetics; the anti-Ser(P)198 antibody was subsequently used as it exhibited lower background staining. Direct comparison of PP2Cα with purified PP1 and PP2A lead us to conclude that at the same molar ratio PP2Cα was the most efficient in dephosphorylating PAK1 (Fig. 1D). In this case we monitored two autophosphorylation sites in the Pak1 N-terminal regulatory region (Ser57 and Ser198/203) using phosphospecific antibodies: both sites showed the same kinetics of inactivation." SIGNOR-248600 FER protein P16591 UNIPROT PECAM1 protein P16284 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr713 KKDTETVySEVRKAV 9606 BTO:0000007 12972546 t miannu "PECAM-1 Is Phosphorylated by Fer and, To a Lesser Extent, by Fes. These results suggest that Fer not only functions as a tyrosine kinase for PECAM-1 but also that Fer modulates the downstream signaling of PECAM-1 by inducing phosphorylation of SHP-2 and Gab1." SIGNOR-262866 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr440 EDRNRMKtLGRRDSS 9606 10869359 t lperfetto "We show that phosphorylation of b-raf by akt occurs at multiple residues within its amino terminal regulatory domain, at both the conserved and unique phosphorylation sites. Akt phosphorylated b-raf on s364 and s428 to inactivate its kinase activity b-raf contains three akt consensus sites, table i. One site, ser364 is conserved with c-raf;however, two sites, ser428 and thr439, are unique to b-raf" SIGNOR-244156 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser717 VYKSPVVsGDTSPRH 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "Sequencing of 32P-labeled trypsin phosphopeptides from tau prephosphorylated by A-kinase (using unlabeled ATP) and further phosphorylated by GSK-3 in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP revealed that Ser-195, Ser-198, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-262, Ser-356 and Ser-404 are phosphorylated, whereas if tau is not prephosphorylated by A-kinase, GSK-3 phosphorylates it at Thr-181, Ser-184, Ser-262, Ser-356 and Ser-400. These data suggest that (i) prephosphorylation of tau by A-kinase makes additional and different sites accessible for phosphorylation by GSK-3; (ii) phosphorylation of tau at these additional sites further inhibits the biological activity of tau in its ability to bind to microtubules and promote microtubule assembly." SIGNOR-249355 PYCARD protein Q9ULZ3 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16964285 t gcesareni "Asc directly induces bax-mediated apoptosis. Asc induces the translocation of bax to the mitochondria, bax-dependent cycs release from the mitochondria and casp9 activation." SIGNOR-149522 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI Gly-tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29156 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24898252 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. Glycyl- tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. . In this study we report crystal structures of wild type and mutant hGlyRS in complex with tRNA and with small substrates and describe the molecular details of enzymatic recognition of the key tRNA identity elements in the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop." SIGNOR-270484 ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "The Arp2/3 complex stimulates the assembly of actin filaments." SIGNOR-261838 WDR45 protein Q9Y484 UNIPROT ATG2A protein Q2TAZ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "WIPI4 interacts with ATG2, AMPK and ULK1. Upon starvation and AMPK activation, WIPI4-ATG2 dissociates from AMPK and ULK1 and localizes at nascent autophagosomes, potentially supporting further autophagosome maturation." SIGNOR-268483 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT HOXB3 protein P14651 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8890171 t miannu "We show that HMG1 interacts with proteins encoded by the HOX gene family by establishing protein-protein contacts between the HMG box domains and the HOX homeodomain. The functional role of these interactions was studied using the transcriptional activity of the human HOXD9 protein as a model. HMG1 enhances, in a dose-dependent fashion, the sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro, and the transcriptional activation in a co-transfection assay in vivo, of the HOXD9 protein." SIGNOR-219902 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP4 protein P27816 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1073 KAQAKVGsLDNVGHL -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250169 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF122 protein Q9H9V4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271228 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269236 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 9606 12058066 t lperfetto "Both subtypes of B23 proteins were phosphorylated during mitosis by cyclin B/cdc2. The RNA binding activity of B23.1 was repressed through cyclin B/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation at specific sites in B23. Thus, the RNA binding activity of B23.1 is stringently modulated by its phosphorylation and subtype association." SIGNOR-216662 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 23454767 f Giorgia "We show that MFGE8 is an endogenous inhibitor of inflammasome-induced IL-1β production. MFGE8 inhibited necrotic cell–induced and ATP-dependent IL-1β production by macrophages through mediation of integrin β3 and P2X7 receptor interactions in primed cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MFGE8 regulates innate immunity through inhibition of inflammasome-induced IL-1β production." SIGNOR-260649 COL18A1 protein P39060 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Muscle basement membrane consists primarily of a type IV collagen network, however types VI, XV, and XVIII are also present. Types XV and XVIII collagen are classified as multiplexins, which are heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The multiplexins can bind growth factors and also aid in linking the basement membrane to other basement membrane glycoproteins and endomysium" SIGNOR-254679 PTGDR protein Q13258 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256755 MYO3A protein Q8NEV4 UNIPROT MYO3A protein Q8NEV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr908 INLAKGDtGEATRHA 9534 24214986 t Manara "We demonstrate by mass spectrometry that Thr-178 and Thr-184 in the kinase domain activation loop and two threonines in the loop 2 region of the motor domain are autophosphorylated (Thr-908 and Thr-919) | Thus, the phosphorylation sites in loop 2 (Thr-908 and Thr-919) are likely responsible for the down-regulation of MYO3A motor activity observed in our current and previous work" SIGNOR-260923 "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys9 SGRGKGGkGLGKGGA 9606 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. by comparing the substrate specificities of the MSL and NSL complexes, we obtain evidence that MOF HAT activity is differentially regulated by assembly into the MSL complex, where it acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 on lysine 16, and the NSL complex, where it also acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 on lysines 5 and 8." SIGNOR-267168 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TLE1 protein Q04724 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 DNLVVDVsNEDPSSP 9606 22354967 t lperfetto "These results show that tle1 is necessary for the maintenance of neuronal survival. Experiments using pharmacological inhibitors as well as expression of point mutants indicate that phosphorylation of tle1 by casein kinase-2 (ck2) at ser-239 and ser-253 is necessary for its survival-promoting activity." SIGNOR-196146 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17845852 f "PTEN is a suppressor of RAS-AKT function" gcesareni "Moreover, suppressors of ras akt function, such as the tumor-suppressor pten, and the attenuation of ras signaling involved in senescence, could be thus viewed as modulators of the gli code" SIGNOR-157776 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser277 SHSQDLGsPERHQPV 9606 BTO:0000567 12734188 t lperfetto "Here we present evidence that thr292 of hrad9 is subject to cdc2-dependent phosphorylation in mitosis. Furthermore, our data are also consistent with four other hrad9 phosphorylation sites (ser277, ser328, ser336, and thr355) being regulated in part by cdc2. We also identify ser387 as a novel site of hrad9 constitutive phosphorylation and show that phosphorylation at ser387 is a prerequisite for one form of dna damage-induced hyperphosphorylation of hrad9." SIGNOR-101043 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23863160 f lperfetto "Historically, it was known that autophagy was switched off when mTORC1 was active and that inhibition of mTORC1 was a potent autophagy inducer." SIGNOR-209922 LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 15229249 f "We speculate that DKK1 produced by βAP-treated neurons suppresses the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by interacting with LRP5/6 and therefore facilitates GSK3β activation." SIGNOR-255484 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr67 NASLESLySACSMQS 9606 10871840 t lperfetto "Grb10 tyrosine phosphorylation was stimulated by expression of constitutively active src or fyn in cells and by incubation with purified src or fyn in vitro. The insulin stimulated or src/fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo was significantly reduced when grb10 tyrosine 67 was changed to glycine. This mutant form of grb10 bound with higher affinity to the ir in cells than that of the wild-type protein, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of grb10 may normally negatively regulate its binding to the ir." SIGNOR-78706 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr191 SRLLHSDyMNMTPRR 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 8992971 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that emt can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the cd28 tail, in contrast to lck, which phosphorylates only tyrosine 173. Together with evidence that in vivo, tyrosines other than tyrosine 173 become phosphorylated following cd28 stimulation, this finding suggests that, like lck, one function of emt during cd28 signaling is phosphorylation of the receptor" SIGNOR-45524 phenylalanine smallmolecule CHEBI:28044 ChEBI Phe-tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29153 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270444 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2448 RSRTRTDsYSAGQSV 9606 10910062 t lperfetto "Although AKT phosphorylated mTOR at two COOH-terminal sites (Thr2446 and Ser2448) in vitro, Ser2448 was the major phosphorylation site in insulin-stimulated or -activated AKT-expressing human embryonic kidney cells. Transient transfection assays with mTOR mutants bearing Ala substitutions at Ser2448 and/or Thr2446 indicated that AKT-dependent mTOR phosphorylation was not essential for either PHAS-I phosphorylation or p70S6K activation in HEK cells." SIGNOR-251099 SMARCA5 protein O60264 UNIPROT WICH complex SIGNOR-C449 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16603771 t miannu "We show here that the WICH complex (WSTF-SNF2h) interacts with several nuclear proteins as follows: Sf3b155/SAP155, RNA helicase II/Gualpha, Myb-binding protein 1a, CSB, the proto-oncogene Dek, and nuclear myosin 1 in a large 3-MDa assembly, B-WICH, during active transcription. Our results show that a WSTF-SNF2h assembly is involved in RNA polymerase III transcription, and we suggest that WSTF-SNF2h-NM1 forms a platform in transcription while providing chromatin remodeling." SIGNOR-268827 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001454 19609947 t lperfetto "Although there are likely to be multiple levels of crosstalk between the pi3k-akt and nf-kb pathways, one mechanism has been attributed to direct phosphorylation of the amino acid residue t23 on ikb kinase alfa (ikkalfa) by akt, thereby leading to activation of this kinase upstream of nf-kb akt mediates ikkalpha phosphorylation at threonine 23 akt transiently associates in vivo with ikk and induces ikk activation. Akt mediates ikkalfa phosphorylation at threonine 23.Akt phosphorylates ikkalpha on t23, and this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of p65 at s534 by ikkalpha and beta" SIGNOR-217460 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17785433 t "Here, using the P493-6 Burkitt's lymphoma model with an inducible MYC, we demonstrate that HIF-1 cooperates with dysregulated c-Myc to promote glycolysis by induction of hexokinase 2, which catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, which inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase and diminishes mitochondrial respiration." SIGNOR-259986 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser79 QGSDTGAsLKLASSE 9606 15308641 t lperfetto "These results clearly demonstrate that phosphorylation by p38 kinase is essential for the regulation of dmp1 transcription by junb and p300. phosphorylation of junb at ser-79 was found to be essential for its interaction with p300." SIGNOR-127545 CBFB protein Q13951 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002883 11179217 t "The RUNX genes encode the α subunit of the transcription factor PEBP2/CBF. The β subunit consists of the non-RUNX protein PEBP2β. We found that RUNX1/AML1, which is essential for hematopoiesis, is continuously subjected to proteolytic degradation mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. When PEBP2β is present, however, the ubiquitylation of RUNX1 is abrogated and this causes a dramatic inhibition of RUNX1 proteolysis." SIGNOR-255742 IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000776 10347215 t miannu "Specifically, il-10 effects the activation of jak1 (associated with the il-10 receptor alpha Chain) and tyk2 (associated with the il-10 receptor beta Chain) and induces the activation of stat1, stat3, and, in some cells, stat5." SIGNOR-68010 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ATP1A1 protein P05023 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser16 KYEPAAVsEQGDKKG 1792 BTO:0003069 14976217 t miannu "Parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase activity through protein kinase C- (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase- (ERK) dependent pathways and increases serine phosphorylation of the α1-subunit. These results suggest that PTH regulates Na(+),K(+)-ATPase by PKC and ERK-dependent alpha(1)-subunit phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation requires the expression of a serine at the 11 position of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha(1)-subunit." SIGNOR-262941 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 20506119 f miannu "In melanoma and carcinoma cells EGR1 activates NAB2 expression. we investigated the influence of EGR2 and EGR3 on NAB2 expression in melanoma and carcinoma cells. Here, we show that like EGR1, EGR2 and EGR3 induced NAB2 expression in these cells. EGR1 and EGR3 act in concert on the NAB2 promoter and are more potent activators of NAB2 transcription than EGR2." SIGNOR-253881 MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19250911 t gcesareni "Sqstm1/p62 (named a170 in the mouse;hereafter p62) is the first proposed example of such proteins (bj_?_?Rk_?_?Y et al.,2005). It binds polyubiquitinated protein aggregates via its uba domain and interacts with lc3 on the autophagosome/ this interaction is necessary for autophagic degradation of p62-positive cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing ubiquitinated proteins. We also demonstrate that alis are indistinguishable from p62 inclusion bodies and that p62 is required for their formation." SIGNOR-184255 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 12213813 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of Bad at Ser112 in response to growth factors or cytokines is generally linked to cell survival. Knockdown of MSK1 suppressed Bad phosphorylation after calcium ionophore A23187 treatment in neuronal cells" SIGNOR-262990 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser6 sKKRKFVA 9606 19059439 t llicata "Here we show that pkcdelta phosphorylates rps3 resulting in its mobilization in the nucleus to repair damaged dna. pkc? Kinase assay then indicated that at least two residues, serine 6 and threonine 221, are phosphorylated by pkc?" SIGNOR-182619 SETD1B protein Q9UPS6 UNIPROT "MLL/SET subcomplex" complex SIGNOR-C87 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-268796 FNIP1 protein Q8TF40 UNIPROT HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t miannu "FNIP1 and FNIP2 facilitate FLCN binding to Hsp90 chaperone. Our results suggest that FNIP1 is a potent inhibitor of Hsp90 ATPase activity, as 200 nM of FNIP1 inhibits Hsp90 ATPase activity by 50-fold. FNIP2 also has shown inhibitory activity towards Hsp90; however, it required 1.6 μM of FNIP2 to inhibit the ATPase activity by eightfold. Although we use the term ‘inhibition' here, FNIPs seem only to be slowing the chaperone cycle." SIGNOR-261415 RPS12 protein P25398 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262440 DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19446321 t "DEPTOR is an mTOR inhibitor frequently overexpressed in multiple myeloma cells and required for their survival" SIGNOR-251658 KLF7 protein O75840 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0004055 14729953 f miannu "KLF7 stimulates p21WAF1/Cip1 transcription" SIGNOR-224624 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t gcesareni "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-114104 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15626738 t "FLT3-ITD-TKD dual mutants induce hyperactivation of STAT5 and up-regulation of its downstream targets Bcl-x(L) and RAD51 in Ba/F3 cells" SIGNOR-261551 silodosin chemical CHEBI:135929 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258451 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1934 SPTYSPTsPKGSTYS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269359 lidocaine chemical CHEBI:6456 ChEBI SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 8355 BTO:0000964 8786356 t miannu "Surprisingly, hH1-beta 1 Na channels were threefold more sensitive to rested-state block by lidocaine (402 +/- 36 microM, n = 4-22) than were mu 1-beta 1 Na channels (1,168 +/- 34 microM, n = 7-19)." SIGNOR-258499 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT GCM1 protein Q9NP62 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser47 YAKHIYSsEDKNAQR 9606 BTO:0000007 21791615 t miannu "We show that Epac1 and Rap1, in response to cAMP, activate CaMKI to phosphorylate Ser47 in GCM1. This phosphorylation facilitates the interaction between GCM1 and the desumoylating enzyme SENP1 and thereby leads to GCM1 desumoylation and activation." SIGNOR-262680 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2513 EHPFLTPsPESPDQW -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273176 FGB protein P02675 UNIPROT Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 16418530 f lperfetto "In response to agonist stimulation, the αIIbβ3 integrin on platelets is converted to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation." SIGNOR-253374 WNT6 protein Q9Y6F9 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131894 KLHL12 protein Q53G59 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22358839 t miannu "By analyzing mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) division, we have identified Cul3Klhl12 as a regulator of COPII coat formation. Cul3Klhl12 monoubiquitinates Sec31 and drives assembly of large COPII-coats. As a result, ubiquitination by Cul3Klhl12 is essential for collagen export, a step that is required for integrin-dependent mESC division." SIGNOR-272011 atropine chemical CHEBI:16684 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258391 RXR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF44 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11237216 t miannu "Although the three ppar subtypes are closely related and bind to similar dna response elements as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor rxr, each subserves a distinct physiology" SIGNOR-259057 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT ETV5 protein P41161 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268874 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GRK7 protein Q8WTQ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser23 YLQARKPsDCDSKEL 9606 15946941 t Luana "Phosphorylation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Attenuates Their Enzymatic Activities | We also determined that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylates GRK1 at Ser(21) and GRK7 at Ser(23) and Ser(36) in vitro. These sites are also phosphorylated when FLAG-tagged GRK1 and GRK7 are expressed in HEK-293 cells treated with forskolin to stimulate the endogenous production of cAMP and activation of PKA." SIGNOR-260839 HSBP1 protein O75506 UNIPROT "WASH complex" complex SIGNOR-C258 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 29844016 t lperfetto "The Trimeric Coiled-Coil HSBP1 Protein Promotes WASH Complex Assembly at Centrosomes" SIGNOR-261007 EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT NRCAM protein Q92823 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1276 DGSFIGQySGKKEKE 9606 BTO:0000007 24023801 t miannu "EphB receptors were found to induce phosphorylation of NrCAM on the tyrosine residue within the FIGQY ankyrin binding motif, inhibiting ankyrin recruitment. Furthermore, NrCAM phospho-FIGQY levels in the SC were decreased in EphB1/3 and EphB1/2/3 null mice and increased in mutant mice overexpressing constitutively active EphB2 kinase." SIGNOR-262862 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18270368 t "We demonstrate that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)-signaling cytokines, IL-2, IL-15 and to a lesser extent IL-7, induce FOXP3 up-regulation in vitro in activated human Teff cell" SIGNOR-254365 ABCA13 protein Q86UQ4 UNIPROT cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 33478937 t miannu "ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 13 (ABCA13) is predicted to be the largest ABC protein, consisting of 5058 amino acids and a long N-terminal region. Mutations in the ABCA13 gene were reported to increase the susceptibility to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression.Here, we examined the biochemical activity of ABCA13 using HEK293 cells transfected with mouse ABCA13. The expression of ABCA13 induced the internalization of cholesterol and gangliosides from the plasma membrane to intracellular vesicles. These findings suggest that ABCA13 accelerates cholesterol internalization by endocytic retrograde transport in neurons and that loss of this function is associated with the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders." SIGNOR-265158 PCSK2 protein P16519 UNIPROT "Neurophysin 1" protein P01178-PRO_0000020496 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0001073 11690596 t miannu "Oxytocin-extended form is further cleaved by enzymatic activity to yield the nine-amino-acid active peptide, OT. The proteolysis may involve several pro-hormone convertases, convertase 2 (PC2) (20p11-1-11.2) and convertase 5 (PC5) (9q21.3) (Gabreels et al 1998). Both enzymes are found in OT neurosecretory vesicles and are a part of a family of subtilisen/kexinlike convertases (Seidah et al 1994). It is a product of the OT gene located at human gene locus 20p13 (Rao et al 1992). The processing cascade results in the production of neurophysin I and OT extended form (OT-X), which is OT with a C-terminal, three-amino-acid extension." SIGNOR-270337 miR-29b mirna URS0000150A7D_9606 RNAcentral SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 21730352 f miannu "We provide evidence that PU.1 directly controls expression of at least 4 of these miRs (miR-146a, miR-342, miR-338, and miR-155) through temporally dynamic occupation of binding sites within regulatory chromatin regions adjacent to their genomic coding loci. We conclude that PU.1 bound to open chromatin near 4 of its induced miR loci with 2 types of kinetics: (1) permanent (miR-146a, miR-342, and miR-338) and (2) transient (miR-155) during myeloid differentiation." SIGNOR-256244 LLGL1 protein Q15334 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C508 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270899 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 9823 BTO:0004712 23486913 t lperfetto "Collectively, these results indicate that Arg, Leu, and Gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of pTr cells through activation of the MTOR-RPS6K-RPS6-EIF4EBP1 signal transduction pathway" SIGNOR-201538 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser159 DGSCSSSsPPLPVLG 9606 15632084 t gcesareni "In vitro phosphorylation assays using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-MKP-3 fusion proteins indicated that ERK2 could phosphorylate MKP-3 on serines 159 and 197Double serine mutants of MKP-3 or MKP-3-GFP were more efficiently protected from degradation than single mutants or wild-type MKP-3, indicating that phosphorylation of either serine by ERK1/2 enhances proteasomal degradation of MKP-3." SIGNOR-132967 SNRPD1 protein P62314 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270660 RAPGEF6 protein Q8TEU7 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183796 KAT6B protein Q8WYB5 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 SIGNOR-C54 11965546 t miannu "Moz and morf both interact with runx2 / while morf does not acetylate runx2, its sm domain potentiates runx2-dependent transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-117335 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 29305973 f miannu "Our findings show that Snai1 mediates repression of PXDN and consolidate a role for this ECM-modifier during EMT." SIGNOR-265252 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser159 KKKKKRFsFKKSFKL -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III." SIGNOR-248924 (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32439610 t lperfetto "Serine catabolism initiated by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) transfers thegamma-carbon amino acid side chain to THF, forming glycine and 5,10-methylene-THF (me-THF) (Fig. 1). The cytosolic (SHMT1) and mitochondrial (SHMT2) isoforms perform the same reactions." SIGNOR-268225 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA -1 11313365 t miannu "ILK Phosphorylates PKB/Akt on Serine 473 To become fully activated, PKB/Akt requires phosphorylation at two sites, threonine 308 and serine 473, in a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent manner." SIGNOR-250261 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 16503409 t lperfetto "Activated Cbl and Cbl-b interacted with Crk-L, Zap-70, Nck, PLC-gamma" SIGNOR-236054 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP protein levels can be negatively regulated by the activity of the E3-ubiquitin ligases Fbw7, Skp2, and Smurf1" SIGNOR-254776 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT DLL4 protein Q9NR61 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 16140393 t lperfetto "Mib physically interacts with Delta and promotes its ubiquitination and internalization [66], which have been shown to up-regulate Notch activity." SIGNOR-209626 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 19282669 t lperfetto "The rsks catalyze the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein bad at serine 112 to promote cell survival." SIGNOR-184595 D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 32943735 t "Wild-type IDH1 and IDH2 catalyze the reaction by converting isocitrate and NADP+ into α-KG and CO2 with the concomitant generation of NADPH in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix" SIGNOR-267370 Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000793 27460707 t "P35637:p.Arg495_Tyr526del (mutation increasing interaction)" "We hypothesized that FUS could be secreted via the exosome pathway. We tested and confirmed that FUS was indeed present in exosomes in both SH-SY5Y and N2A cells (Fig. 6 and Supplemental Fig. 2). It is also noted that the level of the R495X mutant in exosomes was significantly higher than that of WT or the R521G mutant. |It raises the possibility that the exosome-mediated secretion of FUS may contribute to the cell-to-cell propagation of FUS pathology." SIGNOR-262812 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr277 LAREWHKtTQMSAAG 9606 11053428 t gcesareni "These residues within the activation loop are critical for mlk-3 autophosphorylation and activation. In addition, when the thr277 and ser281 residues were mutated to negatively charged glutamic acid to mimic phosphorylated serine/threonine residues, the resulting mutants were fully functional, implying that these two residues may serve as the autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-83411 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 BTO:0000938 17591690 t llicata "We show that cdk5 phosphorylates p53 on ser15, ser33 and ser46 cdk5-stabilized p53 protein is transcriptionally active" SIGNOR-156426 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 PAPPVRMsSTIFSTG -1 10075701 t miannu "Eight autophosphorylation sites were identified in Cdc42-activated gamma-PAK, six of which are in common with those previously reported in alpha-PAK, while Ser-19 and Ser-165 appear to be uniquely phosphorylated in the gamma-form. Further, the phosphorylation of Ser-141, Ser-165, and Thr-402 was found to correlate with gamma-PAK activation. The information resulting from manual Edman degradation and from automated sequencing clearly identified Ser-192, Ser-197, and Thr-402 as the phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-250224 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-236152 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "Tradd recruits caspase-8" SIGNOR-118591 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10092678 t gcesareni "The signaling adapter frs-2 competes with shc for binding to the nerve growth factor receptor trka:a model for discriminating proliferation and differentiation" SIGNOR-65955 quetiapine chemical CHEBI:8707 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258531 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser675 QDYKKRLsVELTSSL 9606 21822311 t lperfetto "Pak1 directly phosphorylates _-catenin proteins at ser675 site and this leads to more stable and transcriptional active _-catenin" SIGNOR-175944 PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 f lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242658 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000948 22270366 f miannu "VEGF-induced MMP-9 and MMP-13 promoter activities were down-regulated in ETS-1 siRNA-transfected cells. it is hypothesized that the activation of PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK by VEGF results in ETS-1 gene expression, which activates MMP-9 and MMP-13, leading to the invasion and scattering of SKOV-3 cells." SIGNOR-254084 CNOT3 protein O75175 UNIPROT TNFRSF11A protein Q9Y6Q6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003292 24550297 t Luana "Our results reveal that CNOT3 is a critical regulator of bone mass acting on bone resorption through posttranscriptional down-regulation of RANK mRNA stability, at least in part, even in aging-induced osteoporosis." SIGNOR-261572 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18694962 t "Translocation from Nuleus to Cytoplasm" gcesareni "Serum induces rhoa-dependent translocation of mkl1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and also causes a rapid increase in mkl1 phosphorylation. Serum-induced phosphorylation of the serum response factor coactivator mkl1 by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibits its nuclear localization." SIGNOR-270131 ING2 protein Q9H160 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 14522900 f miannu "ING1b and ING2 also repressed the AFP promoter in Hep3B p53-null cell lines, and p53 coexpression enhanced this transcriptional repression. Suppression of AFP gene transcription by ING was strongly dependent on AT-motifs that bind to the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) transcription factor." SIGNOR-254485 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr531 NTTGSDNtDTEGS 9606 17936701 t lperfetto "Pvhl acts as an adaptor to promote the inhibitory phosphorylation of the nf-kappab agonist card9 by ck2. The card9 c terminus contains multiple serine and threonine residues that resemble ck2 phosphorylation sites. Mass spectrometry analysis of myc-card9 recovered from hela cells revealed that these sites, including t531 and t533, were phosphorylated in vivo" SIGNOR-158414 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser321 LNSEDDVsDEEGQEL -1 11278496 t llicata "We now show that human TFIIA is phosphorylated in vivo on serine residues that are partially conserved between yeast and human TFIIA large subunits. Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo. Additional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels. Mutation of all four serine residues reduced the ability of TFIIA to stimulate transcription in transient transfection assays with various activators and promoters, indicating that TFIIA phosphorylation is required globally for optimal function." SIGNOR-250998 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270607 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257949 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1651 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248782 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr185 TSFMMTPyVVTRYYR -1 11062067 t "Stress-activated protein kinase 1 (SAPK1), also called c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), becomes activated in vivo in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines or cellular stresses. Its full activation requires the phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif, which can be catalysed by the protein kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)4 and MKK7. Here we report that MKK4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (Tyr-185), and MKK7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (Thr-183) in three SAPK1/JNK1 isoforms tested (JNK1 alpha 1, JNK2 alpha 2 and JNK3 alpha 1)." SIGNOR-251419 PDK2 protein Q15119 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser300 SMSDPGVsYRTREEI 9606 17474719 t gcesareni "Regulation of mammalian pdc activity is accomplished in large part by phosphorylation (resulting in inactivation) of the e1 component by a family of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (pdk 14 isozymes) and dephosphorylation (leading to activation) of phosphorylated e1 by a set of specific phosphatases (phosphopyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 12 isozymes) (1, 3-6). The subunit of the e1 component has three phosphorylation sites, named site 1 (ser-264), site 2 (ser-271), and site 3 (ser-203), and phosphorylation of any one of these three sites results in inactivation" SIGNOR-154640 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 9736715 t acerquone "Ilk can phosphorylate pkb-akt on serine-473, whereas kinase-deficient ilk severely inhibits endogenous phosphorylation of pkb-akt on serine-473, demonstrating that ilk is involved in agonist stimulated, pi(3)k-dependent, pkb-akt activation." SIGNOR-252597 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000394 20658528 t lperfetto "We also show that major circadian transcriptional regulators CLOCK and Bmal1 directly regulate the activity of vWF promoter and that lack of Bmal1 results in upregulation of vWF both at mRNA and protein level. Here we report a direct regulation of vWF expression in endothelial cells by biological clock gene Bmal1. This study establishes a mechanistic connection between Bmal1 and cardiovascular phenotype." SIGNOR-253703 CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000763 9042862 t gcesareni "We present evidence that the different subcellular location of p15 and p27 ensures the prior access of p15 to cdk4. In the cell, p15 is localized mostly in the cytoplasm, whereas p27 is nuclear. p15 prevails over p27 or a p27 construct consisting of the cdk inhibitory domain tagged with a nuclear localization signal. However, when p15 and p27 are forced to reside in the same subcellular location, either the cytoplasm or the nucleus, p15 no longer prevents p27 from binding to cdk4. These properties allow p15 and p27 to coordinately inhibit cdk4 and cdk2." SIGNOR-46758 CBFbeta-MYH11 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP3 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9834241 f miannu "CBFbeta-SMMHC, Expressed in M4eo Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Reduces p53 Induction and Slows Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Cells Exposed to DNA-damaging Agents Reduced p53 induction may be caused in part by direct inhibition of p53 gene transcription, because p53 mRNA levels were reduced by CBFβ-SMMHC. Attenuated p53 induction and slowed apoptosis may contribute to leukemogenesis by CBFβ-SMMHC." SIGNOR-256132 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser283 CASVRRAsSADDIEA 9606 10488078 t lperfetto "Deletion of protein kinase a phosphorylation sites in the herg potassium channel inhibits activation shift by protein kinase afour consensus pka phosphorylation sites (s283a, s890a, t895a, s1137a)" SIGNOR-70722 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser437 CLPLKNAsDKRNQQT 11463380 t lperfetto "This study demonstrates that transcriptional control of mitogen-responsive genes by AP-1 and Pit-1 response elements involves direct phosphorylation of CBP and that growth factor€“dependent phosphorylation of CBP within the GF box is indispensable for signaling via these sites. " SIGNOR-249104 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TIFA protein Q96CG3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr9 TSFEDADtEETVTCL 9606 BTO:0000007 27965388 t miannu "For the activation of signal 2, Akt is involved in TIFA Thr9 phosphorylation, which is essential for TIFA-TIFA homophilic oligomerization. Thr9 phosphorylation-dependent TIFA oligomerization facilitates the higher-order assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as indicated by the interaction between TIFA and caspase-1 in the activated ECs." SIGNOR-273542 MRPS7 protein Q9Y2R9 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-267730 F11 protein P03951 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 t lperfetto "Besides VWF as a main ligand, GPIbα also binds multiple ligands such as thrombospondin, Factor XII, Factor XI, thrombin, High Molecular Weight kininogen, P-selectin and Mac-1." SIGNOR-261857 "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 f lperfetto "Based on our results, we propose that the cooperative action of CENP-A NAC/CAD subunits and the KMN network drives efficient chromosome segregation and bipolar spindle assembly during mitosis." SIGNOR-265219 GTF2F2 protein P13984 UNIPROT GTF2F1 protein P35269 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 11278533 t miannu "Direct Interaction Between the Subunit RAP30 of Transcription Factor IIF (TFIIF) and RNA Polymerase Subunit 5, Which Contributes to the Association Between TFIIF and RNA Polymerase II. we showed that RPB5 binds RAP30 but not RAP74 and associates to TFIIF through the binding to RAP30." SIGNOR-261180 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT MYL12A protein P19105 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD -1 10047984 t miannu "In this study we report that gamma-PAK, which is activated by the GTP-binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac, catalyses phosphorylation of intact non-muscle myosin II and isolated recombinant RLC. Phosphopeptide maps and phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that gamma-PAK phosphorylates Ser-19 but does not phosphorylate Thr-18.Taken together, these data suggest that myosin II activation by the p21-activated family of kinases may be physiologically important in regulating cytoskeletal organization." SIGNOR-263020 TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 20492721 f FFerrentino "These findings suggested that miR-210 could promote adipogenesis by repressing WNT signaling through targeting Tcf7l2." SIGNOR-253519 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" methylation 10090 BTO:0001271 22553314 t irozzo "We hypothesize, based on our ChIP data, that MLL-AF9 up-regulates EVI1 transcription via H3K79 methylation, which is known to be a major gene regulatory mechanism used by some MLL-fusion proteins in leukemia." SIGNOR-255858 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 11672426 f lperfetto "Conversely, only activation of the TNFR1 could stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or p38 MAPK activities in a time-dependent manner." SIGNOR-226637 PAX3-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP12 SIGNOR IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t miannu "Several deregulated signalling pathways enhance cell growth by modulating cell-cycle regulatory factors in RMS. The most frequently affected signalling pathways include the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In ARMS, PAX-FOXO1 activates these pathways by transcriptional activation of receptor genes including IGFR1, FGFR4, MET (c-Met), and PDGFRA." SIGNOR-251568 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 21460634 t lperfetto "mTORC1, which is often referred to as the gatekeeper to autophagy, is a key regulator of the Ulk1-Atg13-FIP200 kinase complex.11,14,25 Under nutrient-rich conditions, active mTORC1 associates with and inactivates the Ulk1-Atg13-FIP200 complex by phosphorylating Ulk1 and Atg13." SIGNOR-183903 ARPC5 protein O15511 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12479800 t "The subunits in mammalian cells are named Arp3, Arp2, p41-Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc and p16-Arc" SIGNOR-251518 "Rigosertib sodium" chemical CID:23696523 PUBCHEM PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195028 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser174 LSPASSGsSASFISD 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248512 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11381136 t miannu "The third step is catalyzed by the enzyme glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase). The two folate-requiring reactions, glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide transformylase (AICAR Tfase), have attracted particular attention because some of the most successful anticancer drugs to date have been folate antimetabolites such as methotrexate (3). These two enzymes carry out similar chemistry in catalyzing the transfer of a formyl group from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to the amino group of the substrates GAR and AICAR to form fGAR and fAICAR." SIGNOR-267302 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 ANRPRKSsVNGSSAT 9606 BTO:0001033 22505453 t lperfetto "The polycomb group silencing protein Bmi1 can be phosphorylated by AKT, which enhances its oncogenic potential in PCa. Overexpression of Bmi1 can act in combination with PTEN haploinsufficiency to induce invasive carcinogenic formation in the prostate" SIGNOR-249581 TRIP13 protein Q15645 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32860853 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, TRIP13 enhanced EGFR protein abundance in part by preventing Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-265084 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT Monocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH101 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 8079170 f "Mice carrying a mutation in the PU.1 locus were generated by gene targeting. Homozygous mutant embryos died at a late gestational stage. [...]An invariant consequence of the mutation was a multilineage defect in the generation of progenitors for B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. Thus, the developmental programs of lymphoid and myeloid lineages require a common genetic function likely acting at the level of a multipotential progenitor." SIGNOR-259954 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1403 AGREEFYsTHPHFMT 9606 BTO:0000938 19824698 t lperfetto "We identified ser1403, thr1404, thr1410, thr1491 located within the roc domain, as well as thr1967 and thr1969 in the kinase domain, as the autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-188429 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12527917 t miannu "Cbp/p300 interact with p68 rna helicase / the atpase activity of p68 is required for the specific transcriptional activation of cbp" SIGNOR-97274 "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25195934 f miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270621 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1609 LGPYEAVtPLTKAAD -1 24703952 t lperfetto "Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |phosphorylation of T1609 is likely to be mediated by p38 MAPK" SIGNOR-264449 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19103745 t lperfetto "PKA increases SMN complex formation and SMN stability." SIGNOR-253122 TIMM10 protein P62072 UNIPROT "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32901109 t lperfetto "Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex|In humans, TIM22 is a 440-kDa complex comprising at least six components: the hypothetical channel-forming protein Tim22, three small Tim proteins (Tim9, Tim10a and Tim10b), Tim29 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK)." SIGNOR-267701 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10531062 t lperfetto "Thus, SnoN can interact with Smad4 and Smad2 and inhibit their abilities to activate transcription." SIGNOR-71633 "dasatinib (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:49375 ChEBI BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001056 23409026 t miannu "Pre-existing BCR-ABL mutations can be detected in a substantial number of chronic-phase CML patients by sensitive allele-specific PCR technique using CD34+ cells. These mutations are associated with imatinib resistance if affecting drug binding directly or indirectly. After the recent approval of nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia along with imatinib, all of which vary in their effectiveness against mutated BCR-ABL forms, detection of pre-existing BCR-ABL mutations can help in selection of appropriate first-line drug therapy." SIGNOR-259270 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271116 GUCY1B1 protein Q02153 UNIPROT GUCY1A2-B3 complex SIGNOR-C138 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "This enzyme is a heterodimeric protein consisting of - and ²-subunits, and expression of both subunits is required for catalytic activity" SIGNOR-243980 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0001311 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258519 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 22080863 t gcesareni "We found that tcptp dephosphorylates and inactivates src family kinases to regulate t cell responses._" SIGNOR-177116 IL20RA protein Q9UHF4 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15120645 t gcesareni "Each r1-type chain (il-10r1, il-20r1, il-22r1, ifn-_r1 and ifn-_r1) is associated with jak1 tyrosine kinase and mediates recruitment of a variety of signaling molecules after being phosphorylated on its intracellular domain." SIGNOR-124486 MLLT11 protein Q13015 UNIPROT TCF7 protein P36402 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 26079538 t irozzo "Here, we show that AF1q specifically binds to T-cell-factor-7 (TCF7) in the Wnt signaling pathway and results in transcriptional activation of CD44 as well as multiple downstream targets of the TCF7/LEF1. Super-shift and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) further confirmed that AF1q directly interacted with TCF7 and enhanced the binding affinity of the complex" SIGNOR-259108 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003879 20646316 f miannu "Individual genes upregulated by TWIST1 known to promote EMT and/or GBM invasion included SNAI2, MMP2, HGF, FAP and FN1." SIGNOR-255522 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257245 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser141 TVKQKYLsFTPPEKD -1 10075701 t miannu "Eight autophosphorylation sites were identified in Cdc42-activated gamma-PAK, six of which are in common with those previously reported in alpha-PAK, while Ser-19 and Ser-165 appear to be uniquely phosphorylated in the gamma-form. Further, the phosphorylation of Ser-141, Ser-165, and Thr-402 was found to correlate with gamma-PAK activation. Autophosphorylation of γ-PAK with MgATP alone takes place at Ser-19, Ser-20, Ser-55, Ser-192, and Ser-197." SIGNOR-250228 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CDCA5 protein Q96FF9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser79 AVQSPRRsPRISFFL 9606 BTO:0000567 20551060 t miannu "Phosphorylation and activation of cell division cycle associated 5 by mitogen-activated protein kinase play a crucial role in human lung carcinogenesis. Our data suggest that transactivation of CDCA5 and its phosphorylation at Ser209 by ERK play an important role in lung cancer proliferation, and that the selective suppression of the ERK-CDCA5 pathway could be a promising strategy for cancer therapy." SIGNOR-262969 NAALAD2 protein Q9Y3Q0 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10085079 t miannu "The neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate (NAAG)1 is expressed both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Hydrolysis of the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) by N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) to release glutamate may be important in a number of neurodegenerative disorders in which excitotoxic mechanisms are implicated." SIGNOR-267542 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SET protein Q01105-2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SAPAAKVsKKELNSN 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 23374587 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01105-2" miannu "Ckii-mediated phosphorylation at ser9 hinders nuclear import of set" SIGNOR-200798 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF213 protein Q63HN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271097 AV412 chemical CID:11700696 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190050 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT LONP1 protein P36776 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 NESDVVEsLDEIYHT 9606 BTO:0001061 31406245 t lperfetto "In mitochondria, LonP1 is phosphorylated by Akt on Ser173 and Ser181, enhancing its protease activity." SIGNOR-265725 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PLEKHG6 protein Q3KR16 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr574 HLVVTEDtDEDAPLV 9606 BTO:0000567 18694934 t lperfetto "We reported previously that a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, myogef, localizes to the central spindle, activates rhoa, and is required for cytokinesis. In this study, we have found that plk1 (polo-like kinase 1) can phosphorylate myogef, thereby recruiting myogef to the central spindle as well as enhancing myogef activity toward rhoa. The in vitro kinase assay shows that plk1 can phosphorylate myogef on threonine 574." SIGNOR-179954 Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21041484 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266972 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14977528 t gcesareni "Gpcrs signal through four relatively small families of galfa proteins (galfas, galfai/o, galfaq, and galfa12/13), and if fzd receptors are classic gpcrs, they should signal through one of these four galfa families." SIGNOR-122889 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser744 GLKVGVSsRINEWLT 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 20858431 t gcesareni "We investigated the effects of phosphorylation by p(21)-activated kinase 3 (pak) and calmodulin on the 22 kda c-terminal fragment of caldesmon (cad22). We substituted the major pak sites, ser-672 and ser-702, with either alanine or aspartic acid to mimic nonphosphorylated and constitutively phosphorylated states of caldesmon, respectively. Phosphorylation at these sites weakened ca(2+)-calmodulin binding further and reduced the inhibitory activity of cad22 in the absence of ca(2+)-calmodulin." SIGNOR-167980 FBXO33 protein Q7Z6M2 UNIPROT SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16797541 t miannu "Here we identify FBX33 as a component of an SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase that targets the multifunctional regulator Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1)/dbpB/p50 for polyubiquitination and destruction by the proteasome. By targeting YB-1 for proteasomal degradation, FBX33 negatively interferes with YB-1 mediated functions.  FBX33 recruits Skp-1/Cul1 to YB-1" SIGNOR-271605 TRIM2 protein Q9C040 UNIPROT NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 18687884 t miannu "Here, we show that TRIM RING finger protein TRIM2, highly expressed in the nervous system, is an UbcH5a-dependent ubiquitin ligase. We further demonstrate that TRIM2 binds to neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) and regulates NF-L ubiquitination." SIGNOR-271776 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr519 EDPYAGStDENTDSE 9606 20471329 t lperfetto "Xrcc1 phosphorylation by ck2 is required for its stability and efficient dna repair. Rcc1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by ck2, and ck2 phosphorylation of xrcc1 on s518, t519, and t523" SIGNOR-165431 TCF20 protein Q9UGU0 UNIPROT MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 7760812 t Luana "This result indicates that expression of SPBP is sufficient to transactivate a minimal promoter containing a single copy of the SPRE, as well as the full-length stromelysin promoter." SIGNOR-266223 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BANP protein Q8N9N5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr337 VKSFSRRtPNSSSYC 9606 BTO:0000567 26080397 t miannu "ERK-MAPK pathway that regulates alternative splicing facilitates ERK-1/2-mediated phosphorylation of SMAR1 at threonines 345 and 360 and localizes SMAR1 to the cytoplasm, preventing its interaction with Sam68." SIGNOR-266203 NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT CYP3A4 protein P08684 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 18004209 f miannu "The oscillation in the expression of the CYP3A4 gene seemed to be the underlying cause of the rhythmic change in its metabolic activity. Luciferase reporter gene analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the circadian transcriptional factor, D-site-binding protein (DBP), activated the transcription of the CYP3A4 gene by binding to the DNA sequence near the upstream of the transcriptional start site. The transactivation of the CYP3A4 gene by DBP was repressed by the E4 promoter-binding protein-4 (E4BP4), a negative component of the circadian clock." SIGNOR-253836 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT up-regulates polyubiquitination 9606 20047764 t miannu "Here, we show that the TRAF family proteins directly bind TICAM-1 and demonstrate that TRAF2 and TRAF6 bind different sites of the N-terminal TICAM-1 and accelerate its polyubiquitination. we speculate that polyubiquitination of TICAM-1 by TRAF2 and TRAF6 is required for TICAM-1 to induce IRF-3 and NF-κB activation. This is supported by the observation that polyubiquitination of TICAM-1 was required for TRAF3-binding to TICAM-1" SIGNOR-271427 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr42 SGVEVRVtPTRTEII 9606 15950189 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylates threonine 42 residue of ribosomal protein s3." SIGNOR-137955 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser102 NPRKYLRsVGDGETV 9606 BTO:0000150 19036157 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of yb-1 at the serine 102 residue is required for transcriptional activation of growth-enhancing genes, such as egfr. Herein, we illustrate that activated akt binds to and phosphorylates the yb-1 cold shock domain at ser102" SIGNOR-182493 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT CD3E protein P07766 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 18641330 t Giorgia "We observed that SLP-2 steadily associated with the CD3-epsilon chain of the TCR complex under resting conditions and during the 60 min of stimulation|The SLP-2-associated pool of these molecules became phosphorylated/activated in a sequential manner, a profile compatible with their temporal involvement in early TCR signalling." SIGNOR-260375 LBX1 protein P52954 UNIPROT ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 19651985 t Luana "Compared with the empty vector, LBX1 induced increased promoter activity of threefold to fourfold and fivefold to sixfold for ZEB1 and Snail1, respectively " SIGNOR-266054 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT MCC protein P23508 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 SELRSELsQSQHEVN 9606 BTO:0001109 21779472 t miannu "MCC is phosphorylated at the ATM/ATR consensus sites Ser118 and Ser120.  Finally, mutation of S118/120 to alanine did not affect MCC nuclear shuttling following UV but did impair MCC G2/M checkpoint activity." SIGNOR-273514 estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 8099587 t Luana "17 beta-HSD type 2 was capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione as well as estradiol and estrone. " SIGNOR-269763 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr637 KFGSLDTyLKKNKNC 9606 BTO:0000007 19364823 t "16705160:The effect of Ser523 on Jak2 function was independent of Tyr570-mediated inhibition." lperfetto "Analysis of in vitro autophosphorylated jak2while cytokine receptor stimulation mediates the phosphorylation of both tyr317 and tyr637, these residues oppositely regulate jak2-dependent signaling: the mutation of tyr317 enhances jak2 function, suggesting a role for the phosphorylation of tyr317 in the inhibition of jak2. Conversely, mutation of tyr637 reduces jak2 signaling, suggesting a role for the phosphorylation of this residue in the activation of jak2." SIGNOR-235885 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT MCC protein P23508 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser120 LRSELSQsQHEVNED 9606 BTO:0001109 21779472 t miannu "MCC is phosphorylated at the ATM/ATR consensus sites Ser118 and Ser120.  Finally, mutation of S118/120 to alanine did not affect MCC nuclear shuttling following UV but did impair MCC G2/M checkpoint activity." SIGNOR-273515 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 SSVSSSPsPPFGHSA 9606 12050114 t gcesareni "Tob is rapidly phosphorylated at Ser 152, Ser 154, and Ser 164 by Erk1 and Erk2 upon growth-factor stimulation." SIGNOR-88732 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM36 protein Q9NQ86 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271229 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT GTF2A1L protein Q9UNN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser356 VDGSGDTsSNEEIGS -1 12107178 t llicata "ALF was able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA, but it could not stabilize TBP mutants A184E, N189E, E191R, and R205E nor could it facilitate binding of the TBP-like factor TRF2/TLF to a consensus TATA element. However, phosphorylation of ALF with casein kinase II resulted in the partial restoration of complex formation using mutant TBPs. | Because the residues involved (Ser-280, Ser-281, Ser-316, and Ser-321) are conserved in ALF (Ser-356, Ser-357, Ser-418, and Ser-423), we tested whether its activity might also be affected by this modification. We first showed that ALF and TFIIAα/β polypeptides incubated with casein kinase II and [γ-32P]ATP could be labeled." SIGNOR-250991 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17419683 f lperfetto "Binding of n-shh to ptch1 inhibits repression of smo, leading to activationof some genes and de-repression of others through the effects of smo on the gli family of transcription factors." SIGNOR-154240 taurine smallmolecule CHEBI:15891 ChEBI GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9009272 t "inferred from family member" miannu "For each mutant GlyR we examined the agonist efficacies of taurine and Œ≤-alanine relative to glycine, the concentration of each agonist required for half-maximal current activation (EC50) and, in mutant GlyRs where Œ≤-alanine and taurine exhibited partial or no agonist efficacy, the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of glycine-gated currents (IC50).experiments described in this report were performed on human Œ±1 homomeric GlyRs recombinantly expressed in mammalian HEK 293 cells. Taurine and Œ≤-alanine act as full agonists of human Œ±1 GlyRs when expressed in this system." SIGNOR-270259 NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0003104 10082541 f lperfetto "NFIL3 inhibits apoptosis without affecting Bcl-xL expression." SIGNOR-256653 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17609368 f gcesareni "Several in vivo studies using aicar to activate ampk chronically determined that mitochondrial enzymes [e.g., cytochrome c, uncoupling protein 3 (ucp-3)] and proteins involved in glucose uptake (glut4)are increased at the transcriptional level in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-156786 PIGS protein Q96S52 UNIPROT PIGK protein Q92643 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000095 11483512 t miannu "To determine roles for PIG-S and PIG-T, we disrupted these genes in mouse F9 cells by homologous recombination. PIG-S and PIG-T knockout cells were defective in transfer of GPI to proteins, particularly in formation of the carbonyl intermediates. We also demonstrate that PIG-S and PIG-T form a protein complex with GAA1 and GPI8, and that PIG-T maintains the complex by stabilizing the expression of GAA1 and GPI8." SIGNOR-261362 levomethadone chemical CHEBI:136003 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258809 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257970 RET/PTC2 protein Q15300 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 12637586 t Manara "In addition, RET/PTC-mediated cellular transformation and proliferation of transformed cells require tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in NIH3T3 cells. We conclude that STAT3 activation by the RET/PTC tyrosine kinase is one of the critical signaling pathways for the regulation of specific genes, such as cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and for cellular transformation." SIGNOR-260917 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000938 8387505 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The pp90rsk phosphothreonine content paralleled the ERK1 activity more closely than the phosphoserine level. These results provide compelling evidence that in fibroblasts and PC12 cells ERK1 plays a direct role in the phosphorylation of pp90rsk and that pp90rsk represents a physiologically relevant substrate of extracellular-regulated kinases" SIGNOR-270002 ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT bradykinin smallmolecule CHEBI:3165 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 16219810 t "The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a membrane-bound peptidyl dipeptidase known to act on a variety of peptide substrates in the extracellular space. Its most notable functions are the formation of angiotensin II and the degradation of bradykinin." SIGNOR-253341 IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29090344 t miannu "Two of the most commonly mutated genes in AML encode for two isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), IDH1 and IDH2. IDH1 and IDH2 are two isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase that perform crucial roles in cellular metabolism. Somatic mutations in either of these two genes impart a neomorphic enzymatic activity upon the encoded enzymes resulting in the ability to convert √鬱-ketoglutarate (√鬱KG) into the oncometabolite R2-hydroxyglutarate (R2-HG), which can competitively inhibit multiple √鬱KG-dependent dioxygenases." SIGNOR-253134 ALPK1 protein Q96QP1 UNIPROT TIFA protein Q96CG3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr9 TSFEDADtEETVTCL -1 30111836 t miannu "Infection-induced activation of NF-κB and formation of eGFP–TIFA foci required ALPK1-dependent phosphorylation of TIFA at T9 (Extended Data Fig. 3a–e). Upon phosphorylation at T9, TIFA forms foci to activate TRAF6-dependent NF-κB signalling" SIGNOR-273543 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT KPNA2 protein P52292 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys22 HRFKNKGkDSTEMRR 9606 15342649 t lperfetto "Ampk triggered the acetylation of importin alpha1 on lys(22), a process dependent on the acetylase activity of p300" SIGNOR-128625 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT MX1 protein P20591 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002807 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253800 GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0000195 24317510 f lperfetto "Many GATA6-dependent genes lacked nearby binding sites but several strongly dependent, synexpressed and GATA6-bound genes encode TFs such as MYC, HES1, RARB and CDX2." SIGNOR-253155 CDK18 protein Q07002 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 28361970 f lperfetto "PCTK3/CDK18 regulates cell migration and adhesion by negatively modulating FAK activity" SIGNOR-264561 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser250 TGSPAELsPTTLSPV 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "SCP1 Dephosphorylates Smad2/3 in the Linkers|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248796 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT SPIN1 protein Q9Y657 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser109 LNKDERVsALEVLPD 9606 BTO:0000567 22258766 t miannu "The Ser84 and Ser99 amino acids within SPINDLIN1 were further identified as the key functional sites in WNT/TCF-4 signaling activation. Mutation of these two sites of SPINDLIN1 abolished its effects on promoting WNT/TCF-4 signaling and cancer cell proliferation. We further found that Aurora-A could interact with and phosphorylate SPINDLIN1 at its key functional sites, Ser84 and Ser99, suggesting that phosphorylation of SPINDLIN1 is involved in its oncogenic function." SIGNOR-273549 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 11715022 f lperfetto "We show that IGF-1 unexpectedly acts via Akt to antagonize calcineurin signalling during myotube hypertrophy." SIGNOR-235373 CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT CDK11B protein P21127 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr726 KHEYFREtPLPIDPS 9606 21078675 t lperfetto "Overall, our data indicated that thr-370 is responsible for the autophosphorylation, dimerization, and kinase activity of cdk11(p58)" SIGNOR-169628 TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253862 GRIP1 protein Q9Y3R0 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "The cofactors grip-1, cbp/p300 and pcaf have hat activity and function as co-activators for mef-2c during myogenesis." SIGNOR-83883 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271106 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT B2M protein P61769 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12480693 f miannu "The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) subunits p50 and p65 bind to the kappa B box and p65 transactivates beta(2)m." SIGNOR-254657 HDLBP protein Q00341 UNIPROT HDL_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH61 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9925647 f miannu "HBP/vigilin binds HDL and apoA-I on ligand blots; conceivably therefore apoA-I may interact with cytoplasmic vigilin promoting changes in cholesterol flux." SIGNOR-266692 FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 17242066 f Regulation miannu "Fibrillin-1 sequence encoded by exons 44-49 releases endogenous TGFbeta1, thereby stimulating TGFbeta receptor-mediated Smad2 signaling." SIGNOR-251889 PTPN5 protein P54829 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1474 GSSNGHVyEKLSSIE 10090 BTO:0004102 20427654 t lperfetto " These previous results, together with the present findings, indicate that STEP61 dephosphorylates the NR2B subunit at its regulatory tyr1472 site, and dephosphorylation of this site leads to internalization of the NMDAR complex from neuronal surface membranes." SIGNOR-265744 9-(1-Methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-[1-(1-oxoprop-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]-2-benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridinone chemical CID:71748056 PUBCHEM ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24556163 t miannu "This analysis revealed that QL47 also potently inhibits BMX with an IC50 of 6.7 nM but impressively displays more than 100-fold selectivity against EGFR, HER2, JAK3, BLK, TEC, and ITK that possess an equivalently placed cysteine" SIGNOR-262236 LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11346656 t gcesareni "The modification of notch by fringe would influence binding between the notch receptor and its ligand. It was reported previously that mfng and lfng inhibited notch1-mediated signaling triggered by jagged1 and enhanced that triggered by delta1, and either jagged1- or delta1-triggered notch2 signaling was enhanced by lfng" SIGNOR-107699 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11237216 t gcesareni "Although the three ppar subtypes are closely related and bind to similar dna response elements as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor rxr, each subserves a distinct physiology" SIGNOR-105445 HTR3E protein A5X5Y0 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 18761359 f miannu "The 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 (5-HT3) receptor is a cation-selective ion channel of the Cys-loop superfamily. 5-HT3 receptor activation in the central and peripheral nervous systems evokes neuronal excitation and neurotransmitter release. " SIGNOR-264318 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "When active, pi3k converts phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (pip2) into phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (pip3). Pip3, in turn, binds the pleckstrin homology (ph) domain of akt/pkb, stimulating its kinase activity, resulting in the phosphorylation of a host of other proteins that affect cell growth, cell cycle entry, and cell survival." SIGNOR-175250 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr160 GVPVRTYtHEVVTLW 9606 17361108 t gcesareni "Our results demonstrate that cdk2 is capable of autophosphorylation at thr160." SIGNOR-153636 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Trp-tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29159 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269517 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr128 LGGTETEySLLHMPS -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273559 KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT RELN protein P78509 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21530336 t Luana "KLF2 transactivates the reelin promoter in K562 cells." SIGNOR-266048 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser728 VVKQEQLsPKKKENN 9606 SIGNOR-C17 22163316 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that aib1 is phosphorylated on ser728 and ser867 by cdk1/cyclin b at the onset of mitosis and remains phosphorylated until exit from m phase." SIGNOR-195233 TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT STAP1 protein Q9ULZ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10518561 t miannu "In 293 cells expressing recombinant BRDG1 and various PTKs, Tec and Pyk2, but not Btk, Bmx, Lyn, Syk, or c-Abl, induced marked phosphorylation of BRDG1 on tyrosine residues. BRDG1 was also phosphorylated by Tec directly in vitro. Efficient phosphorylation of BRDG1 by Tec required the PH and SH2 domains as well as the kinase domain of the latter. Furthermore, BRDG1 was shown to participate in a positive feedback loop by increasing the activity of Tec. BRDG1 transcripts are abundant in the human B cell line Ramos, and the endogenous protein underwent tyrosine phosphorylation in response to BCR stimulation. BRDG1 thus appears to function as a docking protein acting downstream of Tec in BCR signaling." SIGNOR-261817 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR COMMD1 protein Q8N668 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001321 20068069 t miannu "CLU-2 is a ubiquitin binding protein (UBP) that enhances proteasome activity. sCLU promotes degradation of COMMD1. sCLU interacts with the SCF-βTrCP E3 ligase complex, serving as a scaffolding chaperone to form a multimeric protein complex that facilitates COMMD1 and I-κB ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-271430 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 21524151 f miannu "Consistent with this, the magnitude of the response (i.e. the fraction of cells undergoing arrest) appears to diminish the closer the cells are to the time of S-phase entry. The existence of a time gap between full pRb phosphorylation and S-phase entry is also consistent with the notion that E2F, once released from pRb, transcriptionally activates factors needed for S-phase entry, a process which likely requires a significant amount of time." SIGNOR-262533 SLC35A2 protein P78381 UNIPROT UDP-D-galactose smallmolecule CHEBI:18307 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 34384782 t miannu "The CMP-sialic acid transporter SLC35A1 and UDP-galactose transporter SLC35A2 are two well-characterized nucleotide sugar transporters with distinctive substrate specificities. Nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs) transport nucleotide sugars from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus, where the nucleotide sugars serve as substrates for protein glycosylation and glycosphingolipid synthesis." SIGNOR-268465 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1944 GSTYSPTsPGYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120076 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ANP32B protein Q92688 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr244 GEKRKREtDDEGEDD 9606 17178712 t gcesareni "Here, we are able to report that casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylates april on residue threonine244 (thr(244)) and demonstrate that the ck2-specific inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole abolishes cd83 expression in activated jurkat t cells by interfering with the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of cd83 mrna" SIGNOR-151261 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12270934 t lperfetto "Mek1 as indicated by extensive phosphorylation of erk1 and erk2 during the initial 2 h of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-244798 PYGM protein P11217 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t miannu "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267390 CASZ1 protein Q86V15 UNIPROT EGFL7 protein Q9UHF1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001176 24150064 t miannu "We have recently demonstrated that a novel transcriptional pathway involving activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor-like Domain 7 (Egfl7) gene by the transcription factor CASTOR (CASZ1) is required for blood vessel assembly and lumen morphogenesis." SIGNOR-266858 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr611 ETLPISStPSKSVLP BTO:0001938 15024056 t llicata "We demonstrated that FoxM1B transcriptional activity requires binding of either S-phase or M-phase Cdk-cyclin complexes to mediate efficient Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B Thr 596 residue, which is essential for recruitment of p300/CBP coactivator proteins." SIGNOR-250731 MBOAT7 protein Q96N66 UNIPROT 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol smallmolecule CHEBI:62746 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18772128 t miannu "The cycle of deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids plays a critical role in regulating availability of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. The major yeast lysophospholipid acyltransferase, Ale1p, is related to mammalian membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) proteins. MBOAT7 is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase with remarkable specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA. MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 are particularly susceptible to inhibition by thimerosal. Human neutrophils express mRNA for these four enzymes, and neutrophil microsomes incorporate arachidonoyl chains into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, PS, and phosphatidylethanolamine in a thimerosal-sensitive manner. These results strongly implicate MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 in arachidonate recycling, thus regulating free arachidonic acid levels and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-267246 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21620960 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. In addition, phosphorylation of afx by protein kinase b inhibits its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-233529 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002729 23993924 f flangone "Engagement of BMP4-mediated signaling in adult mouse ovary-derived OSCs cultured in vitro drives differentiation of these cells into IVD oocytes through Smad1/5/8 activation and transcriptional up-regulation of key meiosis-initiating genes." SIGNOR-255259 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001570 23242655 f "Our previous studies demonstrated that mutant p53 along with repression complex proteins including DNMT1, HDAC1 and MeCP2 is associated with ER-negative promoter in MDA-MB-468 cells." SIGNOR-254027 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr487 SQKVVVTtPLHRDKT 9606 SIGNOR-C83 9840932 t lperfetto "The cell-cycle regulated transcription factor b-myb is phosphorylated by cyclin a/cdk2 at sites that enhance its transactivation properties. we show that b-myb is phosphorylated at thr447, thr490, thr497 and ser581 by cyclin a/cdk2" SIGNOR-62361 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PAN2 protein Q504Q3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1003 TKSTIKPsQMSVARI 9606 BTO:0000007 33097710 t miannu "Here, we identify that USP52 directly interacts with and deubiquitinates CtIP, thereby promoting DNA end resection and HR. Mechanistically, USP52 removes the ubiquitination of CtIP to facilitate the phosphorylation and activation of CtIP at Thr-847. In addition, USP52 is phosphorylated by ATM at Ser-1003 after DNA damage, which enhances the catalytic activity of USP52. " SIGNOR-273508 "ginkgolide B" chemical CHEBI:5356 ChEBI PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192684 PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11248056 t gcesareni "First, piasy interacts with stat1 both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo piasy__stat1 interaction is dependent on cytokine stimulation. Second, piasy can inhibit stat1-mediated gene activation without blocking the dna binding activity of stat1." SIGNOR-105723 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271320 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Val-tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29164 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269539 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 GGLPEVAtPESEEAF 9606 7816602 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the c-fos and c-jun hob1 motif stimulates its activation capacity here we show that the hob1-containing activation domain of c-fos is stimulated by ha-ras in vivo and phosphorylated by a map kinase family member in vitro and that mutating t232 to ala abolishes both functions." SIGNOR-33909 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr175 HDTSFAKtFVGTPYY 9606 17197699 t gcesareni "Enzymatic activity, induced;" SIGNOR-151763 FBLIM1 protein Q8WUP2 UNIPROT FLNB protein O75369 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 24165133 t miannu "Kindlin binds migfilin tandem LIM domains and regulates migfilin focal adhesion localization and recruitment dynamics. Two integrin-binding proteins present in FAs, kindlin-1 and kindlin-2, are important for integrin activation, FA formation, and signaling. By binding filamin, migfilin provides a link between kindlin and the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-266106 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257686 CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT up-regulates methylation 10090 BTO:0002314 BTO:0001103 29681515 t apalma "Carm1 specifically methylates Pax7 at multiple arginine residues in the N terminus of Pax7" SIGNOR-255898 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1357 HPQAASIyQSSEMKG 9606 18765637 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of the nuclear receptor coactivator aib1/src-3 is enhanced by abl kinase and is required for its activity in cancer cellstyrosine kinase directly phosphorylates aib1/src-3 at y1357 and modulates the association of aib1 with c-abl, eralpha, the transcriptional cofactor p300," SIGNOR-180571 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT ATG13 protein O75143 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19211835 t gcesareni "Ulks directly phosphorylate atg13" SIGNOR-183957 CASP4 protein P49662 UNIPROT GSDMD protein P57764 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp275 CLHNFLTdGVPAEGA 9606 BTO:0000007 26375003 t lperfetto "Co-expression of GSDMD with caspase-1, 4, 5 or 11 but not apoptotic caspases (caspase-2, 8 and 9) in 293T cells induced the same cleavage of GSDMD|inflammatory caspases specifically cleave GSDMD after the 272FLTD275 (or 273LLSD276) sequence |" SIGNOR-256417 SNX6 protein Q9UNH7 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 32150533 t miannu "Here, we discovered that the binding between SNX-BARs and CI-MPR or IGF1R is mediated by the phox-homology (PX) domain of SNX5 or SNX6 and a bipartite motif, termed SNX-BAR-binding motif (SBM), in the cargoes. our studies establish that SNX-BARs function as a direct cargo-selecting module for a large set of transmembrane proteins transiting the endosome, in addition to their roles in phospholipid recognition and biogenesis of tubular structures." SIGNOR-269445 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser438 GSHGQTPsPGALPLG 9606 10880969 t lperfetto "We also identified a tryptic peptide of synapsin i phosphorylated by kis" SIGNOR-78899 "MLL3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C446 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 34156443 t miannu "MLL3/KMT2C and MLL4/KMT2D are two paralogous histone modifiers that belong to the SET1/MLL (also named COMPASS) family of lysine methyltransferases and play critical roles in enhancer-regulated gene activation. MLL3 and MLL4 form identical multi-protein complexes for modifying mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) at enhancers, which together with the p300/CBP-mediated H3K27 acetylation can generate an active enhancer landscape for long-range target gene activation." SIGNOR-268810 RAGAC complex SIGNOR-C113 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "The Rag GTPases interact with mTORC1 and are proposed to activate it in response to amino acids by promoting mTORC1 translocation to a membrane-bound compartment that contains the mTORC1 activator, Rheb" SIGNOR-228158 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser661 QNEFAGFsYTNPEFV 9606 18162466 t "These data reveal that PHLPP controls the cellular levels of PKC by specifically dephosphorylating the hydrophobic motif, thus destabilizing the enzyme and promoting its degradation.|n contrast, results from siRNA depletion and overexpression experiments indicate that the hydrophobic motif site (Ser660) is regulated by PHLPP isoforms," SIGNOR-248727 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT protein Q5T7P8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr283 DRKCKLQtRVHRKTL 9606 BTO:0001277 16111671 t miannu "We found by site-directed mutagenesis that Thr418 and/or Thr419 in the polybasic region (KKKTTIK) of the C2B domain--a key region for the function of synaptotagmins--are the PKC target that regulates its inhibitory effect on acrosomal exocytosis. Similarly, we showed that Thr284 in the polybasic region of C2A (KCKLQTR) is the target for PKC-mediated phosphorylation in this domain." SIGNOR-273565 "SEC61 complex" complex SIGNOR-C368 SIGNOR HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 33925740 t lperfetto "This is where allosteric effectors of the Sec61 complex (BiP together with Sec62/Sec63 complex or TRAP complex) (Figure 2 and Figure 5) and auxiliary membrane protein insertases (EMC and TMCO1 complex) join the game" SIGNOR-265276 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 7958853 f gcesareni "The p53 tumor suppressor protein trans-activates mdm2 itself, which is therefore considered a component of a p53 negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-34962 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM75 protein A6NK02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271139 PBX3 protein P40426 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265779 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser605 AGPTRQAsQAGPVPR 3118371 t llicata "Sites 2 and 3 are serine residues phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II." SIGNOR-250708 PAN2 protein Q504Q3 UNIPROT RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 33097710 t miannu "Here, we identify that USP52 directly interacts with and deubiquitinates CtIP, thereby promoting DNA end resection and HR. Mechanistically, USP52 removes the ubiquitination of CtIP to facilitate the phosphorylation and activation of CtIP at Thr-847. In addition, USP52 is phosphorylated by ATM at Ser-1003 after DNA damage, which enhances the catalytic activity of USP52. " SIGNOR-273509 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr869 LGAEEKEyHAEGGKV 9606 BTO:0000452 11983694 t lperfetto "In summary, this study describes a novel mechanism for metal-induced egfr transactivation, which is likely to be mediated by src through the phosphorylation site of tyr-845 on egfr. emanating from a variety of growth factor receptors, including egfry845 (e-e-k-e-y845-h-a-e)" SIGNOR-235921 PNCK protein Q6P2M8 UNIPROT EIF4G3 protein O43432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1156 NTFMRGGsSKDLLDN 9606 22514323 t lperfetto "Here we report that activity-dependent translational initiation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons is enhanced by camki-mediated phosphorylation of ser1156 in eukaryotic initiation factor eif4gii (4gii)." SIGNOR-197190 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr100 FDKDGNGyISAAELR 9606 3415247 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of calmodulin by the epidermal-growth-factor-receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylated calmodulin does not exhibit the characteristic ca2+ shift normally observed with calmodulin in electrophoretic gels, an observation that is consistent with this modification affecting the biological activity of the molecule." SIGNOR-24778 RALA protein P11233 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr451 PIPKALGtPVLTPPT 10090 11689711 t gcesareni "We conclude that Ral-mediated phosphorylation of threonines 447 and 451 is required for proper activity of AFX-WT." SIGNOR-252984 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser660 QSEFEGFsFVNSEFL 10116 15880462 t "Inhibition of PP2A increased phosphorylation at Ser660 that determines calcium sensitivity and activity of PKCbetaII isoform" SIGNOR-248586 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270796 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22669242 f miannu "Thus we infected C2C12 myofibers with a recombinant adenovirus expressing a mutant, constitutively activated STAT3 (cSTAT3) known to possess increased DNA binding/transcriptional activity. Consistent with wasting, atrogin-1 expression was also markedly increased (Fig. 3A). Thus STAT3 activation is by itself sufficient to induce muscle fiber wasting in cell culture." SIGNOR-255331 ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256896 8-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one chemical CHEBI:93369 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000601 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258540 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT EPHA5 protein P54756 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268902 POGZ protein Q7Z3K3 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000932 20562864 t miannu "POGZ is required for the correct activation and dissociation of Aurora B kinase from chromosome arms during M phase. These results reveal POGZ as an essential protein that links HP1alpha dissociation with Aurora B kinase activation during mitosis." SIGNOR-264497 Fibrinolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH6 SIGNOR Fibrin complex SIGNOR-C317 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000131 1447176 f lperfetto "The fibrinolytic system is sequentially composed of plasminogen activation and fibrin degradation [1, 2]. Three distinct inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system that differently regulate these two steps are plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) [3]. PAI-1 limits the amount of free tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) both in plasma and on vascular endothelial cells (VECs), and regulates plasminogen activation potential to dissolve fibrin" SIGNOR-263532 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 EFCIPTSsNIEQQNS 9606 BTO:0000007 12123746 t gcesareni "These results suggest that two C-terminal amino acids, Ser(355) and Thr(357), are required for short-term homologous desensitization and agonist-induced phosphorylation of mu-opioid receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells" SIGNOR-249661 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP acts as a scaffold protein for PP2A to suppress DHT-elicited S81 phosphorylation of the AR, preventing its nuclear translocation and binding to androgen response elements. In addition, DAB2IP can compete with the AR for binding to c-Src, thus blocking the non-genomic AR pathway" SIGNOR-254758 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MAGEA11 protein P43364 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser174 ESPSPPQsPQEESFS 9606 BTO:0000848 19828458 t llicata "Mage-11 ser-174 appears to be a post-translational regulatory site phosphorylated by erk1, based on the inhibitory effect of the s174a mutation in the context of shorter ar nh2-terminal fragments (19), and the greater transcriptional activity of gal-mage-11 fusion proteins containing the s174d phosphomimetic." SIGNOR-188466 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser245 NQSMDTGsPAELSPT 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-244719 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257951 KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31691806 f miannu "The KDM5C decrease was associated with a lack of repression of downstream target genes Scn2a, Syn1 and Bdnf in the embryonic brain of Arx-null mice." SIGNOR-264315 NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9885213 t lperfetto "Nf-y is one of the best characterized ccaat binding proteins, and its unique structure and evolutionary conservation suggest that it plays a crucial role in transcription of eukaryotic genes.It Is a ubiquitous heteromeric transcription factor, composed of three subunits, nf-ya, nf-yb, and nf-yc, all necessary for dna binding." SIGNOR-63013 CARS1 protein P49589 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11347887 t miannu "Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the addition of cysteine to its cognate tRNA. Here we report the isolation of a fulllength cDNA that encodes a protein of 748 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence shows considerable similarity to other eukaryotic cysteinyltRNA synthetases in the carboxylterminus. Expression of the fulllength and alternative forms of the enzyme in E. coli generated functional proteins that were active in aminoacylation of human cytoplasmic tRNA with cysteine." SIGNOR-270471 PLK2 protein Q9NYY3 UNIPROT FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser176 KRKLDHGsEVRSFSL 9606 22399798 t lperfetto "Plk2 regulates centriole duplication through phosphorylation-mediated degradation of fbxw7 (human cdc4).Plk2 phosphorylates fbxw7 on serine 176" SIGNOR-196448 PAX2/TLE4 complex SIGNOR-C152 SIGNOR WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002295 16631587 t "Recruitment of the groucho-related protein TLE4 may be involved in converting Pax2 into a transcriptional repressor of Wt1." SIGNOR-252291 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser178 TAHNKRIsTLTIEEG -1 9407077 t miannu "NIPP-1 is the RNA-binding subunit of a major species of protein phosphatase-1 in the nucleus. The purified recombinant protein was a potent (Ki = 9.9 +/- 0.3 pM) and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 and was stoichiometrically phosphorylated by protein kinases A and CK2. At physiological ionic strength, phosphorylation by these protein kinases drastically decreased the inhibitory potency of free NIPP-1. Sequencing and phosphoamino acid analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides enabled us to identify Ser178 and Ser199 as the phosphorylation sites of protein kinase A" SIGNOR-250032 Riluzole chemical CHEBI:8863 ChEBI KCNN1 protein Q92952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258021 DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:11684 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "small molecule catalysis" 20978344 t "inferred from family member" "The deiodinase family of enzymes controls the tissue-specific activation and inactivation of the prohormone thyroxine (T4)" SIGNOR-270305 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ZNF420 protein Q8TAQ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser68 NTYETELsQWEMSDR 9606 BTO:0001109 19377469 t done miannu "These results indicate that Apak is a genuine substrate of ATM kinase. Apak phosphorylation on Ser 68 is critical for p53-mediated apoptosis. in response to DNA damage, ATM is rapidly activated by autophosphorylation and mediates p53 activation through disruption of the Apak–p53 complex by phosphorylating Apak on Ser 68." SIGNOR-273513 SMAD8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C206 SIGNOR RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27563484 f ggiuliani "Smad1/5/8-Smad4 complex transcribed Runx2 expression, as they complex with Runx2 to initiate other osteoblast gene expression." SIGNOR-255784 lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:25094 ChEBI Lys-tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:16047 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270410 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr142 DSVTKLLtDVQLMKG -1 12659875 t llicata "Transcriptional activity and DNA binding of heat shock factor-1 involve phosphorylation on threonine 142 by CK2." SIGNOR-250898 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17543862 t miannu "Aurora B Interacts with the Cul3 Complex during Mitosis and Is Ubiquitylated in a Cul3-Dependent Manner In Vivo and In Vitro. our results suggest that Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 activity is required to remove the chromosomal passenger protein Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, and that Aurora B is ubiquitylated in vivo and in vitro in a KLHL9/13-dependent manner. We conclude that the Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 E3 ligase is an important cell-cycle regulator which, in addition to the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), coordinates mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis." SIGNOR-271661 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser529 SPMFKFSsPIVKSTE 9606 19767751 t llicata "These results indicate that phosphorylation of nup153 and nup214 by erk strongly reduces their affinity for importin-. nup153 depletion caused a strong inhibition of nuclear accumulation of gfp?importin-beta in both erk-inhibited and erk-activated cells (fig. 8b,c), indicating that nup153 is essential for the efficient importin-beta transport." SIGNOR-188123 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser79 AGALYSGsEGDSESG -1 2046671 t llicata "Casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates the mammalian transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) on a serine residue(s) located within a region of the protein spanning amino acids 70 to 92, thereby enhancing its DNA-binding activity in vitro.| Nevertheless, additional mutation of serines 77 and 79 was required before phosphorylation and enhanced binding were completely abolished. Thus, serines 77 and 79 could also be recognized by CKII if serines 83 and 85 were mutated." SIGNOR-250956 HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 21261500 f miannu "Overexpression of HOXA9 or HOXA10 in JURKAT cells by lentiviral transduction resulted in decreased expression of MEF2C, indicating repression by these homeodomain proteins. HOXA9/10 inhibits expression of MEF2C via NMYC" SIGNOR-254212 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SIAH3 protein Q8IW03 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271264 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT FGF19 protein O95750 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 23205607 t lperfetto "Reporter gene analyses using the 5'-promoter region of FGF19 revealed that a functional AARE (amino-acid-response element) was localized in this region, and this site was responsible for inducing its transcription through ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which is activated in response to ER stress" SIGNOR-253727 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 ASSQCIAsPNFGTVS -1 12361598 t miannu "GST-tagged recombinant CP110 (GST-wt) was robustly phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2 (Figure 2A). Expression of a mutant derivative of CP110 refractory to CDK phosphorylation provokes marked polyploidy. We localized the majority (nine of ten) of potential CDK2 phosphorylation sites in CP110 to an amino-terminal fragment (GST-ΔN1; Figure 1B)" SIGNOR-265963 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1208 MKSRRPKsSLPPVLG -1 10748018 t miannu "PAK2 can directly phosphorylate MLCK, inhibiting its activity and limiting the development of isometric tension. PAK2 catalyzes MLCK phosphorylation on serine residues 439 and 991." SIGNOR-250222 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT ARHGAP31 protein Q2M1Z3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr789 PPAPPPPtPLEESTP 10090 BTO:0000944 17158447 t miannu "We show that GSK-3alpha and -beta interact with CdGAP in mammalian cells. We also demonstrate that GSK-3 phosphorylates CdGAP both in vitro and in vivo on Thr-776, which we have previously shown to be an ERK 1/2 phosphorylation site involved in CdGAP regulation." SIGNOR-262878 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20463034 t Gianni "We show that loss of suppressor of fused (Sufu; an inhibitory effector for Gli proteins) results in destabilization of Gli2 and Gli3 full-length activators but not of their C-terminally processed repressors, whereas overexpression of Sufu stabilizes them." SIGNOR-268868 "bisindolylmaleimide i" chemical CID:2396 PUBCHEM PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-190356 FBXO8 protein Q9NRD0 UNIPROT ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 18094045 t miannu "Fbx8 Is a Component of the SCF Complex and Mediates Ubiquitination of Arf6. We first examined whether Fbx8 makes a complex with Cul1, through its binding to Skp1. We expressed GST-tagged Fbx8 together with FLAG-tagged Skp1 and Myc-tagged Cul1 in Cos-7 cells and found that Myc-Cul1 is coprecipitated with GST-Fbx8 in the presence of FLAG-Skp1 (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-271764 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264297 "Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C473 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270441 SAR1A protein Q9NR31 UNIPROT SEC23B protein Q15437 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding SIGNOR-C370 30605680 t lperfetto "Biogenesis of COPII vesicles is initiated by the activation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein secretion-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1) at specialized subdomains of the ER, called ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER (tER). Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer." SIGNOR-265298 NSD1 protein Q96L73 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates methylation Lys218 EIFLLCDkVQKEDIE 9606 SIGNOR-C13 20080798 t miannu "Fbxl11 and nsd1 have opposite effects on nf-kb; both bind to p65 subunit after activation of nf-kb. / nsd1 activates nf-kb and reverses the inhibitory effect of fbxl11 / these data confirm that fbxl11 and nsd1 constitute an enzyme pair that methylates and demethylates p65 on k218 and 221 in response to cytokine stimulation." SIGNOR-163454 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BIRC7 protein Q96CA5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271113 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr107 GNSAEEYyENVPCKA -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273571 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636-5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr231 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS -1 21204788 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273927 "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19401148 t miannu "Transaldolase (TAL, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone transferase; EC number 2.2.1.2) is a cofactor-less enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig. 1A and B). It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a three carbon unit (“dihydroxyacetone”) between various sugar phosphates (from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in length). Physiological donor compounds are ketose sugar phosphates as fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Acceptor compounds are aldose sugar phosphates as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate." SIGNOR-268134 (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate smallmolecule CHEBI:57455 ChEBI 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18767138 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase)methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase)formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFD1) is a trifunctional enzyme that interconverts tetrahydrofolate (THF) derivatives for nucleotide synthesis.|The Arg653Gln substitution is located in the synthetase domain, which catalyzes the magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP)-dependent production of formylTHF from THF and formate" SIGNOR-268247 SLC12A7 protein Q9Y666 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 21613606 t lperfetto "Eukaryotic cells regulate their volume in the long term through the coordinated function of the Na+-coupled chloride (NKCC1/2 and NCC) and K+-coupled chloride (KCC1–4) cotransporters, which encompass two branches of the SLC12|The K+-Cl− cotransporters move chloride outside the cell, are inhibited by phosphorylation, and are activated by dephosphorylation. In contrast, the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporters introduce chloride into the cell, are inhibited by dephosphorylation, and are activated by phosphorylation gene family of solute transporters (12). " SIGNOR-264639 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPKAPK3 protein Q16644 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 11157753 t lperfetto "These results, taken together, suggest the importance of the docking interaction in the efficient phosphorylation and activation of 3pk by p38." SIGNOR-235451 metyrapone chemical CHEBI:44241 ChEBI CYP11B1 protein P15538 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21129965 t Luana "In an effort to develop and evaluate new classes of compounds as CYP inhibitors, we based our investigations on the structure of the well-known CYP inhibitor Metyrapone 2, which has been used for the treatment of hypercortisolism and Cushing’ssyndrome for several decades." SIGNOR-257884 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT LAT2 protein Q9GZY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr233 EEDGEPDyVNGEVAA 10090 BTO:0001930 14722116 t miannu "Our results indicated that human LAB was primarily phosphorylated on three membrane-distal tyrosines, Tyr(136), Tyr(193), and Tyr(233). Mutation of these three tyrosines abolished Grb2 binding and LAB function. Our data suggested that these tyrosines are the most important tyrosines for LAB function.The dramatic reduction in phosphorylation of the LAB Y233F mutant suggested that Tyr233 is a primary target of the Syk family kinases." SIGNOR-273577 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT USP25 protein Q9UHP3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr727 QKLRESEtSVTTAQA 9606 BTO:0000007 25755282 t miannu "Here, we report that USP25 is a novel TRiC interacting protein that is also phosphorylated by VRK2. USP25 catalyzed deubiquitination of the TRiC protein and stabilized the chaperonin, thereby reducing accumulation of misfolded polyglutamine protein aggregates. Notably, USP25 deubiquitinating activity was suppressed when VRK2 phosphorylated the Thr(680), Thr(727), and Ser(745) residues. " SIGNOR-273578 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000776 20185585 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-163938 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT USP25 protein Q9UHP3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser745 PEYLEQPsRSDFSKH 9606 BTO:0000007 25755282 t miannu "Here, we report that USP25 is a novel TRiC interacting protein that is also phosphorylated by VRK2. USP25 catalyzed deubiquitination of the TRiC protein and stabilized the chaperonin, thereby reducing accumulation of misfolded polyglutamine protein aggregates. Notably, USP25 deubiquitinating activity was suppressed when VRK2 phosphorylated the Thr(680), Thr(727), and Ser(745) residues. " SIGNOR-273579 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT USP25 protein Q9UHP3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr680 QPLVGIEtLPPDLRD 9606 BTO:0000007 25755282 t miannu "Here, we report that USP25 is a novel TRiC interacting protein that is also phosphorylated by VRK2. USP25 catalyzed deubiquitination of the TRiC protein and stabilized the chaperonin, thereby reducing accumulation of misfolded polyglutamine protein aggregates. Notably, USP25 deubiquitinating activity was suppressed when VRK2 phosphorylated the Thr(680), Thr(727), and Ser(745) residues. " SIGNOR-273580 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000785 24469040 t lperfetto "_-trcp ubiquitinates ezh2 and jak2-mediated phosphorylation on y641 directs _-trcp-mediated ezh2 degradation." SIGNOR-204481 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr206 GTSVRRRtSFYLPKD 9606 17563743 t llicata "AuroraT-a appears to phosphorylate rassf1a at threonine202 and/or serine203 that reside within the known microtubule-binding domain of rassf1a. Substitutions of these residues with glutamic acid at both positions, mimicking constitutive phosphorylation of rassf1a, disrupt rassf1a interactions with microtubules and abolish its ability to induce m-phase cell cycle arrest." SIGNOR-155819 ZW10 protein O43264 UNIPROT "NRZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C358 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25364732 t lperfetto "NRZ complex, which comprises NAG, RINT1, and ZW10, is also involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, but each component of the complex has diverse cellular functions including endosome-to-Golgi transport, cytokinesis, cell cycle checkpoint, autophagy, and mRNA decay." SIGNOR-265023 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr873 LLYSEAKtPIKWMAL 10116 BTO:0004102 12824184 t llicata "We demonstrated that Cdk5 phosphorylated Ser-1176 in the neuregulin receptor ErbB2 and phosphorylated Thr-871 and Ser-1120 in the ErbB3 receptor. We identified the Ser-1120 sequence RSRSPR in ErbB3 as a novel phosphorylation consensus sequence of Cdk5. Finally, we found that Cdk5 activity is involved in neuregulin-induced Akt activity and neuregulin-mediated neuronal survival. " SIGNOR-250664 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CORO1A protein P31146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr424 AAPEASGtPSSDAVS 9606 BTO:0001588 26823173 t lperfetto "We here show that phosphorylation of coronin 1 on Thr(418/424) by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 5 activity was responsible for coronin 1-G_s association and the modulation of cAMP production. Together these results show an essential role for CDK5 activity in promoting the coronin 1-dependent cAMP/PKA pathway." SIGNOR-245187 ALDOC protein P09972 UNIPROT "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266485 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ODF2 protein Q5BJF6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser820 YSTFLTSsPIRSRSP 9606 19386263 t miannu "Phosphorylation of hCenexin1 at S796 is critical for the hCenexin1-Plk1 interaction.Here we show that a splice variant of hODF2 called hCenexin1, but not hODF2 itself, efficiently localizes to somatic centrosomes via a variant-specific C-terminal extension and recruits Plk1 through a Cdc2-dependent phospho-S796 motif within the extension. This interaction and Plk1 activity were important for proper recruitment of pericentrin and gamma-tubulin, and, ultimately, for formation of normal bipolar spindles." SIGNOR-273584 CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR TCR complex SIGNOR-C153 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12507424 t miannu "The T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) serves a critical role in the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells, and receptor triggering elicits a complex set of biological responses that serve to protect the organism from infectious agents. The receptor is composed of six different chains that form the TCR heterodimer responsible for ligand recognition, as well as the CD3Œ≥Œµ, CD3Œ¥Œµ, and Œ∂Œ∂ signaling modules.the TCRŒ±-CD3Œ¥Œµ and TCRŒ≤-CD3Œ≥Œµ interactions are similar since both require a lysine in the TM region of the respective TCR chain and both acidic TM residues in the relevant CD3 heterodimer. Nevertheless, formation of fully assembled Œ±Œ≤ TCR-CD3 complexes containing the Œ∂-chain strictly required both CD3Œ≥ and Œ¥" SIGNOR-269472 AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT SLC4A4 protein Q9Y6R1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21317537 t miannu "IRBIT opposed the effects of WNKs and SPAK by recruiting PP1 to the complex to dephosphorylate CFTR and NBCe1-B, restoring their cell surface expression, in addition to stimulating their activities." SIGNOR-263135 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 LERKRLLsRKELELP 9606 BTO:0000007 12138205 t "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of Cot occurs exclusively on serines 400 and 413. Akt to phosphorylate Cot at two sites in the carboxy-terminal domain, at least one of which may promote binding of substrates or coactivators to Cot, or alternatively may relieve binding of a negative regulator." SIGNOR-251481 INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24817116 t lperfetto "Of note, SHIP1 was associated with TRAF6 in co-transfected HEK293T cells (Fig. 6A). Moreover, SHIP1 overexpression suppressed TRAF6 autoubiquitination in a dose-dependent manner" SIGNOR-261429 TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256744 "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI PTGER4 protein P35408 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257572 ADP chemical CHEBI:16761 ChEBI P2RY13 protein Q9BPV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257561 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT ACO2 protein Q99798 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr544 FDPGQDTyQHPPKDS -1 17997986 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that the flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase are ""in vitro"" substrates of Fgr tyrosine kinase. Fgr phosphorylates flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase at Y535 and Y596 and aconitase at Y71, Y544 and Y665. Further experiments will be necessary to verify if Fgr is the tyrosine kinase responsible for the tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins in vivo and to elucidate the role of these phosphorylations." SIGNOR-262869 UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257164 EFNA4 protein P52798 UNIPROT EPHA5 protein P54756 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52430 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT GFRA1 protein P56159 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10829012 t gcesareni "Gdnfr-alpha-ligand complex, together with the tyrosine kinase receptor (cret) forms a functional receptor that activates downstream signal transduction pathways" SIGNOR-77587 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPIVKRL 9606 19114991 t lpetrilli "In the nucleus cdk2/4-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 occurs mostly at thr8, thr179, and ser213. Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182975 PTPN3 protein P26045 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr534 NFLMDNAyFCEADAK 10029 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248459 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser326 LTIPPRFsIAPSSLD 9606 18695677 t llicata "Here, we have identified mk2 as a major plk1 kinase toward ser326, whose phosphorylation is critical to recruit ?-Tubulin to centrosomes and subsequent establishment of functional bipolar spindles. To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence to demonstrate that the essential function of plk1 in centrosome maturation and bipolar spindle formation is controlled by its upstream kinase." SIGNOR-179968 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21808241 t "The WW domain of YAP binds to PPXY-containing p73 family members." gcesareni "Yap also interacts with p73, a p53 family pro-apoptotic transcription factor, to induce expression of genes such as bax, puma and pml." SIGNOR-175934 MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25636800 t miannu "After ligand binding, cGAS and RIG-I signal through respective adaptor proteins STING and MAVS to recruit the kinases IKK and TBK1, which then activate the transcription factors NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), respectively." SIGNOR-260145 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT ATG9A protein Q7Z3C6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser14 EYQRLEAsYSDSPPG 9606 27934868 t miannu "Src phosphorylates mATG9 at Tyr8 to maintain its endocytic and constitutive trafficking in unstressed conditions. In response to starvation, phosphorylation of mATG9 at Tyr8 by Src and at Ser14 by ULK1 functionally cooperate to promote interactions between mATG9 and the AP1/2 complex, leading to redistribution of mATG9 from the plasma membrane and juxta-nuclear region to the peripheral pool for autophagy initiation." SIGNOR-266369 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 12270934 f lperfetto "We demonstrate that exposure of post-confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to insulin, isobutylmethylxanthine (MIX), dexamethasone (DEX), and fetal bovine serum induces a rapid but transient activation of MEK1 as indicated by extensive phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2 during the initial 2 h of adipogenesis. We further show that activation of MEK1 significantly enhances the transactivation of the C/EBPalpha minimal promoter during the early phase of the differentiation process." SIGNOR-235322 IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT TIMP3 protein P35625 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 30029643 f areggio "Since recent study demonstrated desert Hedgehog (DHH) signaling can repressed FAP-derived adipocyte differentiation through Timp3 [30], we tested the mRNA expression of DHH and Timp3 in injured muscle with injection of IL-15. As expected, mRNA levels of DHH and Timp3 were both upregulated (Fig. 2f)." SIGNOR-256232 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1325 RLLEGNFyGSLFSVP 9606 19834457 t gcesareni "The nr2a subunit of the nmda receptor is tyrosine-phosphorylated, with tyr 1325 as its one of the major phosphorylation site. Tyr 1325 phosphorylation site is required for src-induced potentiation of the nmda receptor channel in the striatum. Tyr 1325 was most prominently phosphorylated by fyn in vitro." SIGNOR-188527 PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0003291 16517405 t miannu "PDK1 is a direct HIF-1 target gene. We found that the gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is a direct target of HIF-1. PDK1 phosphorylates the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) E1α subunit and inactivates the PDH enzyme complex that converts pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A, thereby inhibiting pyruvate metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle" SIGNOR-267445 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 GDSCPHGsPQGPLAP 10090 12818176 t miannu "JNKs specifically phosphorylate BIMEL at Ser55, 65, and/or 73. several observations demonstrate that the phosphorylation of BIMEL is a physiologically important mechanism for enhancing its proapoptotic activity." SIGNOR-250130 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT DCTN1 protein Q14203 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17532294 t miannu "FBXL5 binds to p150(Glued)in vitro and in vivo. FBXL5 and p150(Glued) co-localize primarily in the cytoplasm with peri-nuclear enrichment in HeLa cells. Overexpression of FBXL5 promotes poly-ubiquitination of p150(Glued) and protein turnover of p150(Glued). Our findings provide a potential mechanism by which p150(Glued) protein function is regulated by SCFs." SIGNOR-271652 PTPN5 protein P54829 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 23932588 t "A study conducted by Zhang et al. showed that STEP is significantly less efficient than PTPSL and HePTP at dephosphorylating p38a." gcesareni "First [] step prevents upstream activating kinases from promiscuously binding and activating p38a. Second, by blocking access to the mapk insert pocket, through the stepcat interaction, step can prevent the binding of allosteric signaling molecules that induce autoactivation of p38a." SIGNOR-194829 androst-4-ene-3,17-dione smallmolecule CHEBI:16422 ChEBI estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000975 27702664 t lperfetto "The cytochrome P450 aromatase is involved in the last step of sex hormones biosynthesis by converting androgens into estrogens. |Human aromatase (CYP19A1) is a membrane-bound class II cytochrome P450 that converts androgens into estrogens [1], [2], [3], [4]. Specifically, the enzyme is involved sex hormones biosynthesis where it is responsible for the conversion of androstenedione, testosterone and 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone into estrone, estradiol and estriol, respectively" SIGNOR-268668 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 15851026 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Here, we show that Erk may play a critical role in TSC progression through posttranslational inactivation of TSC2. Erk-dependent phosphorylation leads to TSC1-TSC2 dissociation and markedly impairs TSC2 ability to inhibit mTOR signaling, cell proliferation, and oncogenic transformation. |Serine to alanine substitution at S664 or double S664A/S540A mutagenesis resulted in a marked reduction in TSC2 phosphorylation to a similar extent. In contrast, S540A substitution only moderately impaired TSC2 phosphorylation (Figure 3D), corroborating the notion that in vivo S664 is the most relevant residue for Erk-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-270108 PMS2 protein P54278 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 9500552 f "Germline mutations in the human MSH2, MLH1, PMS2 and PMS1 DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene homologues appear to be responsible for most cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer" SIGNOR-257596 HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256944 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000011 19593385 t lperfetto "In examining the requirements for different Akt-mediated phosphorylation sites on TSC2, we find that only TSC2 mutants lacking all five previously identified Akt sites fully block insulin-stimulated mTORC1 signaling in reconstituted Tsc2 null cells, and this mutant also inhibits adipogenesis" SIGNOR-252817 MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 11416147 t gcesareni "We show here that members of the mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) family (including MLK1, MLK2, MLK3, and dual leucine zipper kinase [DLK]) are expressed in neuronal cells and are likely to act between Rac1/Cdc42 and MKK4 and -7 in death signaling." SIGNOR-243348 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr434 MSFHRNHtATVRSHA 9606 11123317 t lperfetto "Here, we present a selective mutagenesis analysis of two conserved threonine residues (T410 and T412) located at the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic region of CD5. These residues are contained within consensus phosphorylation motifs for protein kinase C and are shown here to be critical for in vivo protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of CD5. " SIGNOR-249072 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr716 RPPSAELySNALPVG -1 8940081 t miannu "The SH2 domain of Grb7 can directly bind to the autophosphorylated PDGF beta-receptor in vitro. Grb7 association to the PDGF beta-receptor was dramatically reduced by replacement of tyrosine residues 716 or 775 with phenylalanine residues." SIGNOR-250256 PI4K2B protein Q8TCG2 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269100 BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 29018219 t lperfetto "ZMYND8 and BRD2 therefore work together to protect H4Ac domains from HDAC activity.|Further, when BRD2 was depleted, ZMYND8 accumulation was lost (Fig. 2e), indicating that either BRD2, or the underlying H4Ac, is required for ZMYND8 loading." SIGNOR-262036 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 AKPEPSPsPRITRKS 9606 21565170 t gcesareni "We report that cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) 1, 2 and 5 can phosphorylate ser154 of human dnmt1 in vitro. Further evidence of phosphorylation of endogenous dnmt1 at position 154 by cdks is also found in 293 cells treated with roscovitine, a specific inhibitor of cdk1, 2 and 5" SIGNOR-173677 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16682949 t gcesareni "We found that nde1 is subjected to phosphorylation in vivo. In particular, we identified six putative cdc2 phosphorylation sites in nde1 and found that alteration of these sites diminishes phosphorylation by cdc2 in vitro and affects the stability of su48-nde1 interactions and the centrosomal localization of nde1." SIGNOR-146734 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 SALNRTSsDSALHTS 9606 SIGNOR-C15 16308421 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on the ser171 residue of crtc2 by ampk and ampk-related kinases, including the salt-inducible kinases (siks), is critical for determining the activity, cellular localization, and degradation of crtc2" SIGNOR-142211 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser641 DIKILIAsPSPTHIH 9606 BTO:0000567 18519666 t lperfetto "We show that at least two different nuclear protein kinases, one of them identified as p42/p44 mapk, can modify hif-1_. Analysis of in vitro phosphorylated hif-1_ by mass spectroscopy revealed residues ser-641 and ser-643 as possible mapk phosphorylation sites these data suggest that phosphorylation of ser-641/643 by mapk promotes the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of hif-1_" SIGNOR-178723 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t "P21 is regulated by MyoD and myogenin in normal muscle cells and the inactivation of these factors in RMS cells contributes to the silencing of p21 in RMS cells" SIGNOR-251574 palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267882 EGF protein P01133 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9168989 f Regulation miannu "We describe the roles of Stat5 and of these tyrosine residues in the EPOR in the erythroid differentiation of murine hematopoietic cell line SKT6 which produces hemoglobin in response to EPO. Chimeric receptors carrying the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor and the intracellular domain of the EPOR were introduced into SKT6 cells. Like EPO, EGF equally activated Stat5 and induced hemoglobin." SIGNOR-251785 TBCK protein Q8TEA7 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000142 33240423 f miannu "TBCK included two types of alternatively spliced isoforms (long TBCK and short TBCK). Although there is a long way to go to fully understand the function of TBCK, recent research indicates that TBCK plays an important role in brain development. BCK deficiency would disturb activation of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), thus, affecting the autophagy process and further leading to autophagosomal-lysosomal dysfunction" SIGNOR-266699 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 AVIPINGsPRTPRRG 9606 15809340 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated by cdk6 and cdk4, and subsequently by cdk2 at ser-567 in g1, thereby releasing e2f1 which is then able to activate cell growth. Here we show that although these cdks phosphorylate multiple residues in prb, they do so with different residue selectivities in vitro;thr821 and thr826 are preferentially phosphorylated by cdk6 and cdk4, respectively." SIGNOR-135181 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264287 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29407449 t scontino "T3 binds its receptor (TR) in the nucleus. TRs are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the type II group of NHRs. TRs are encoded by two genes, Thra and Thrb." SIGNOR-267276 DUSP26 protein Q9BV47 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 20562916 t miannu "We found that dusp26 promotes the resistance of human neuroblastoma to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis by acting as a p53 phosphatase to downregulate p53 tumor suppressor function in neuroblastoma cells. / we found that dusp26 binds to p53 and dephosphorylates p53 at ser20 and ser37." SIGNOR-166262 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1675 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248809 VEGFC protein P49767 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252277 UBR4 protein Q5T4S7 UNIPROT TRPV5 protein Q9NQA5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0003913 23747339 t miannu "Cytomix induced interaction between TRPV5 and UBR4 (Ubiquitin recoginition 4), an E3 ubiquitin ligase; knockdown of UBR4 with small interfering RNAs prevented cytomix-induced degradation of TRPV5.  UBR4/p600 ubiquitin ligase is responsible for TRPV5 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in response to cytomix" SIGNOR-272117 NAT8L protein Q8N9F0 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19524112 t miannu "The biosynthetic enzyme, aspartate-N-acetyltransferase (Asp-NAT; EC 2.3.1.17) is a CNS specific enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetate from acetyl-CoA to L-aspartate forming NAA." SIGNOR-267524 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT VTN protein P04004 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser381 RNRKGYRsQRGHSRG -1 9030777 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of vitronectin on Ser362 by protein kinase C attenuates its cleavage by plasmin." SIGNOR-248964 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268777 SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR Spliceosomal_snRNP_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH79 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32140746 f lperfetto "The SF3b complex is an intrinsic component of the functional U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). As U2 snRNP enters nuclear pre-mRNA splicing, SF3b plays key roles in recognizing the branch point sequence (BPS) and facilitating spliceosome assembly and activation." SIGNOR-268414 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser870 KEDSAYGsQSVEQEA 9606 BTO:0000007 11239468 t lperfetto "NIK-induced p100 processing requires phosphorylation of p100 at serines 866 and 870" SIGNOR-105557 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253412 MSL2 protein Q9HCI7 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 19033443 t miannu "Here we describe MSL2, a novel E3 ligase for p53 that promotes ubiquitin-dependent cytoplasmic p53 localization. Unlike Mdm2 or most other p53 E3 ligases, MSL2-mediated p53 ubiquitination does not affect the stability of p53. Moreover, the MSL2-mediated effect on p53 is Mdm2-independent. Thus, our study identifies an important ubiquitin-ligase for modulating p53 subcellular localization. MSL2 ubiquitination of p53 is required for p53 cytoplasmic localization." SIGNOR-271774 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4523 GSRHSLAsTDEKREL 9606 15272003 t lperfetto "Serine and threonine phosphorylation of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein by protein kinase calpha regulates endocytosis and association with adaptor moleculesthese results indicate that elimination of serine and threonine phosphorylation sites in the lrp cytoplasmic domain reduces the extent of tyr63 phosphorylation and leads to impaired association with the adaptor protein shc." SIGNOR-127211 KCNJ8 protein Q15842 UNIPROT NLRP3 protein Q96P20 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31387986 t lperfetto "We further show that Kir6.1 physically associates with NLRP3 and thus inhibits the interactions between the NLRP3 inflammasome subunits. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized function of Kir6.1 as a negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome" SIGNOR-262034 atenolol chemical CHEBI:2904 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 10079020 t Luana "In our CHO cells transfected with the human β1- and β2-adrenoceptors, the binding affinities of atenolol, metoprolol, betaxolol and practolol correlate with previously published β1- (P=0.03) and β2-adrenoceptor (P=0.03) binding affinities in human lung tissue" SIGNOR-258335 THBS2 protein P35442 UNIPROT CD47 protein Q08722 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8550562 t gcesareni "We report here that iap is a receptor for the ts1 cbd and its vvm-containing peptides and that a function-blocking anti-iap mab inhibits the chemotactic response to ts1 and its cbd peptides in endothelial cells." SIGNOR-39749 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr312 QATQPLAtPVVSVTT 9606 BTO:0000567 10849446 t lperfetto "We have previously shown that bmk1 regulates c-jun gene expression through direct phosphorylation and activation of transcription factor mef2c.Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to mef2c, bmk1 phosphorylates and activates mef2a and mef2d but not mef2b.The sites phosphorylated by activated bmk1 were mapped to ser-355, thr-312, and thr-319 of mef2a and ser-179 of mef2d both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-236583 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr206 PGPTRKHyQPYAPPR 8992971 t "EMT can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the CD28 tail. in vivo, tyrosines other than tyrosine 173 become phosphorylated following CD28 stimulation, this finding suggests that, like LCK, one function of EMT during CD28 signaling is phosphorylation of the receptor." SIGNOR-251334 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF11 protein A6NNE9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271244 IRF2BP2 protein Q7Z5L9 UNIPROT IRF2 protein P14316 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12799427 t miannu "We have identified two novel proteins that interact specifically with the C-terminal repression domain of Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 (IRF-2). These proteins, which we term IRF-2 binding proteins 1 and 2 (IRF-2BP1 and IRF-2BP2, the latter having two splicing isoforms, A and B), are nuclear proteins, and have the properties of IRF-2-dependent transcriptional co-repressors that can inhibit both enhancer-activated and basal transcription in a manner that is not dependent upon histone deacetylation." SIGNOR-224073 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR "RING E3 ligase" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF106 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270944 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr203 SSLATPPtLSSTVLI 9606 12815053 t lperfetto "M phase-specific phosphorylation of brca2 by polo-like kinase 1 correlates with the dissociation of the brca2-p/caf complex.Plk1 interacts with brca2 in vivo, and mutation of ser193, ser205/206, and thr203/207 to ala in br-n1 abolished plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that brca2 is the substrate of plk1" SIGNOR-102498 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser68 RSLSRSIsQSSTDSY 9534 17635105 t lperfetto "Residue 68 resides in a consensus phosphorylation site for PKD (Figure 1A) [22,23]. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Ser68 could allow for subsequent phosphorylation of Ser71, Ser74, Ser77 and Ser80 by CK1, for which the consensus phosphorylation site is pS/T-X-X-S/T| We found that phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74 were sufficient to enable inhibition of IP3 binding to the IP3R" SIGNOR-249174 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser121 YRIQEQEsSGEEDSD 9606 9405437 t gcesareni "Recombinant inh2 was phosphorylated by kinases in cytosols prepared from g1 and s phase cells. The amount of inh2 kinase attributed to casein kinase 2, based on inhibition by heparin, increased 2.6-fold from g1 to s phase" SIGNOR-53857 RAB6B protein Q9NRW1 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 25492866 f miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. COH1 and RAB6 regulate neurite outgrowth in primary neurons" SIGNOR-266874 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr216 RGEPNVSyICSRYYR 9606 BTO:0001253 15020233 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assay was carried out using a recombinant human active mek1 and we found that gsk-3beta was phosphorylated on tyr(216) by this kinase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further, the pretreatment of fibroblasts with u0126 inhibited serum-induced nuclear translocation of gsk-3beta. These results suggested that mek1/2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of gsk-3beta and this cellular event might induce nuclear translocation of gsk-3beta." SIGNOR-244780 SNRPA protein P09012 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270678 HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23213415 t gcesareni "We show here that smad7 can form a complex with endogenous histone deacetylase proteins hdac-1 and hdac-3 in nih 3t3 mouse fibroblast cells" SIGNOR-199967 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1125 APSRDPHyQDPHSTA 9606 8845374 t lperfetto "The c-terminal autophosphorylation domain of egfr was extensively phosphorylated by c-src./These studies revealed that y1086 was phosphorylated to a significantly higher extent by c-src than by egfr. Additionally, y1101 was identified as a unique c-src phosphorylation site" SIGNOR-44247 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17726008 t gcesareni "Gsk3beta binding to mekk4 blocks mekk4 dimerization that is required for mekk4 activation, effectively inhibiting mekk4 stimulation of the jnk and p38 mapk pathways" SIGNOR-157541 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15340381 t gcesareni "The F-box family of proteins €” which are the substrate-recognition components of the Skp1€“Cul1€“F-box-protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase €” are important players in many mammalian functions." SIGNOR-243557 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "In addition to E2 enzymes, APC/C activity is also strictly dependent on one of several co-activator proteins that associate with APC/C during specific periods of the cell cycle. The best studied of these are Cdc20 and Cdh1" SIGNOR-252014 CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30849329 t miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission. Several neurological and cardiac disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding α1-subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNA1A (MIM: 601011) (familial hemiplegic migraine [MIM: 141500], episodic ataxia [MIM: 108500], and epilepsy [MIM: 617106]),3, 4, 5 CACNA1C (MIM: 114205) (Timothy syndrome [MIM: 601005]),6, 7 CACNA1D (MIM: 114206) (primary aldosteronism, neurodevelopmental disorders [MIM: 615474]),8, 9 and CACNA1G (MIM: 604065) (spinocerebellar ataxia [MIM: 616795])." SIGNOR-264326 EIF2AK1 protein Q9BQI3 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser49 IEGMILLsELSRRRI 9606 10563826 t lperfetto "The wild-type and ser-48 mutant proteins became extensively phosphorylated by eif-2 kinases present in the reticulocyte lysate. These findings support the hypothesis that the serine 48 residue is required for high-affinity interaction between eif2 alpha(p) and eif2b." SIGNOR-72152 RNF144A protein P50876 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24979766 t miannu "We show that RNF144A induces ubiquitination of DNA-PKcs in vitro and in vivo and promotes its degradation." SIGNOR-272213 STAG3 protein Q9UJ98 UNIPROT "RAD21L Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C355 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000534 21242291 t miannu "RAD21L associates with SMC3, STAG3, and either SMC1α or SMC1β. Our results suggest that cohesin complexes containing RAD21L may be involved in synapsis initiation and crossover recombination between homologous chromosomes. In mice, RAD21L is expressed exclusively in early meiosis: it apparently replaces RAD21 in premeiotic S phase, becomes detectable on the axial elements in leptotene, and stays on the axial/lateral elements until mid pachytene. RAD21L then disappears, and is replaced with RAD21." SIGNOR-264536 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser876 QGLAERIsVL 9606 12058027 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we show that pkd2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase c (pkc) family such as pkc alpha, pkc epsilon, and pkc eta. These pkcs are activated by gastrin in ags-b cells. Thus, pkd2 is likely to be a novel downstream target of specific pkcs upon the stimulation of ags-b cells with gastrin." SIGNOR-89419 HDLBP protein Q00341 UNIPROT CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 24725430 t miannu "Vigilin interacts with CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and is involved in CTCF-dependent regulation of the imprinted genes Igf2 and H19. vigilin is present at several known CTCF target sites, such as the promoter regions of c-myc and BRCA1, the locus control region of β-globin, and several regions within the Igf2/H19 locus. These results reveal the functional relevance of vigilin and CTCF, and show that the CTCF-vigilin complex contributes to regulation of Igf2/H19." SIGNOR-266693 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 16552184 t llicata "Here, we report for the first time that cyclin dependent kinase 9, whose well-known substrate is rna polymerase ii, can also phosphorylate p53. Specifically, ser33 on the n-terminus and, ser315 and ser392 on the c-terminus of p53 were found to be phosphorylated. The precise biological role of this phosphorylation remains to be elucidated." SIGNOR-145315 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser92 SDENYDFsSAESGSS -1 11328814 t miannu "Here we incubated a recombinant preparation of the phospholipase in vitro with several enzymes including protein kinase CK2 (CK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to identify effects that might be of regulatory importance in vivo.Major findings were that 1) CK2 phosphorylated the phospholipase on serines 93, 105, and 716; 2) ERK2 phosphorylated the enzyme on serine 730; 3) there was cross-antagonism between the reactions that phosphorylated serines 716 and 730; 4) PP2A selectively hydrolyzed phosphate groups that were esterified to serines 716 and 730. The results of two independent experiments with each type of assay indicated that the incubation caused a 50% loss of phospholipase activity (TableV). These results differed from those of corresponding incubation experiments with PA-PLA1α plus ERK2 and MgATP (see “Experimental Procedures”), which provided no evidence for complex formation or phosphorylation-dependent loss of phospholipase activity" SIGNOR-262973 NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002588 21169726 f miannu "Inhibitory SF-1 was found to decrease the sensitivity of CYP11B2 and aldosterone to Ang II stimulation, whereas a down-regulation of SF-1 enhanced basal CYP11B2 expression and aldosterone production in H295R cells." SIGNOR-254867 "perfluorodecanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:35546 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268770 DAMPS stimulus SIGNOR-ST18 SIGNOR NLRP1 protein Q9C000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f lperfetto "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-256421 "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR C2 protein P06681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Ser20 LYPGLADsAPSCPQN 31331124 t lperfetto "C1s subsequently activate serum proteins C4 and C2. C4 is cleaved to fragment C4a, which is an anaphylatoxin, and to fragment C4b, which is deposited on the adjacent surfaces. C2 is cleaved to a fragment C2b, and larger fragment C2a, which binds noncovalently to C4b on the target cell membrane. This forms the C4b2a complex" SIGNOR-263421 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PRKAB1 protein Q9Y478 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser108 SKLPLTRsHNNFVAI 9606 SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR-C15 17728241 t gcesareni "Mutation of serine 108 to alanine, an autophosphorylation site within the glycogen binding domain of the beta1 subunit, almost completely abolishes activation of ampk by a-769662 in cells and in vitro, while only partially reducing activation by amp" SIGNOR-157553 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DOCK1 protein Q14185 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1772 QQTPPPVtPRAKLSF 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262769 RNF216 protein Q9NWF9 UNIPROT TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 15107846 t miannu "Here we describe how a RING finger protein, Triad3A, acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and enhances ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation of some TLRs. Triad3A overexpression promoted substantial degradation of TLR4 and TLR9 with a concomitant decrease in signaling, but did not affect TLR2 expression or signaling. " SIGNOR-271504 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT LIMK2 protein P53671 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser283 EGTLRRRsLRRSNSI 9606 15923181 t "Translocation from Cytosol to Nucleus" flangone "Activation of pkc by phorbol ester treatment of endothelial cells stimulated limk2 phosphorylation at ser-283 and inhibited nuclear import of limk2" SIGNOR-137927 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr211 TVGGKLDtFCGSPPY 9606 BTO:0000568 12879020 t lperfetto "Regulation of the wnt signalling component par1a by the peutz-jeghers syndrome kinase lkb1. Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1. Mark3 is activated by phosphorylation on thr-211." SIGNOR-104063 FFAR3 protein O14843 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256957 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser923 DELRDSDsVCDSGVE 10090 BTO:0000944 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C13 11297557 t lperfetto "The i b kinase (ikk) complex rapidly phosphorylates nf- b1 p105 on serine 927 in the pest region romashkova et al. demonstrated that akt binds to and activates inhibitor of kappa b kinase-alfa (ikkalfa), which in turn phosphorylates and thereby promotes the degradation of the inhibitory cofactor of nf-kb, i-kb the scf-betatrcp complex is responsible for the ubiquitination of p100 and p105 following their phosphorylation by ikk." SIGNOR-235434 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT LRRC4B protein Q9NT99 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19467332 t miannu "The NGL (netrin-G ligand; LRRC4) family of synaptic cell adhesion molecules belongs to the superfamily of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. The three known members of the NGL family, NGL-1, NGL-2, and NGL-3, are mainly localized to the postsynaptic side of excitatory synapses, and interact with the presynaptic ligands, netrin-G1, netrin-G2, and LAR, respectively." SIGNOR-264049 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257448 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "GGCX carboxylates the glutamic acid residues of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP) to Gla using reduced vitamin K, while simultaneously oxidizing the reduced form of vitamin K to an epoxide form." SIGNOR-265917 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259225 PSMC4 protein P43686 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263371 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SPAG5 protein Q96R06 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser974 EESLAEMsIMTTELQ 9606 18055457 t lperfetto "Astrin acts as a substrate for gsk3beta and is phosphorylated at thr-111, thr-937 ((s/t)p motif) and ser-974/thr-978 ((s/t)xxx(s/t)-p motif;p is a phosphorylatable residue). Inhibition of gsk3beta impairs spindle and kinetochore accumulation of astrin and spindle formation at mitosis, suggesting that astrin association with the spindle microtubule and kinetochore may be dependent on phosphorylation by gsk3beta" SIGNOR-159574 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser660 FSAERRNsILTETLH -1 1377674 t miannu "CFTR is phosphorylated directly by PKA and PKC in vivo. phosphorylation by PKA is necessary to allow ATP hydrolysis by CFTR and that ATP hydrolysis is necessary for channel opening. CF-2 was phosphorylated by PKA in vitro on serines 660,700, 737, 813 and most likely on both serines 768 and 795." SIGNOR-250349 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260090 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29731393 f miannu "Oncogenic proteins that regulate proliferation, such as KRAS, BRAF, and MYC increase the transcription of NRF2" SIGNOR-267361 EIF2B1 protein Q14232 UNIPROT EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269129 PTPRH protein Q9HD43 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "These results, combined with secondary dephosphorylation tests, confirm and extend earlier findings that ptp-1b and t-cell ptp are physiological enzymes for the insulin receptor kinase" SIGNOR-76084 ACVR2A protein P27037 UNIPROT ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 12682303 t acerquone "In this complex, the actrii??/Iib kinase phosphorylates alk4 within a glycine- and serine-rich region called the gs domain, and this phosphorylation event activates the alk4 kinase" SIGNOR-99995 SH3BP4 protein Q9P0V3 UNIPROT TFRC protein P02786 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16325581 t miannu "Here, we report that ttp (sh3bp4), a sh3-containing protein, specifically regulates the internalization of the transferrin receptor (tfr). / overexpression of ttp specifically inhibits tfr internalization" SIGNOR-142840 taurine smallmolecule CHEBI:15891 ChEBI GLRA1 protein P23415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9009272 t miannu "For each mutant GlyR we examined the agonist efficacies of taurine and β-alanine relative to glycine, the concentration of each agonist required for half-maximal current activation (EC50) and, in mutant GlyRs where β-alanine and taurine exhibited partial or no agonist efficacy, the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of glycine-gated currents (IC50).experiments described in this report were performed on human α1 homomeric GlyRs recombinantly expressed in mammalian HEK 293 cells. Taurine and β-alanine act as full agonists of human α1 GlyRs when expressed in this system." SIGNOR-258579 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT NACA protein E9PAV3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1906 PELEEQDsTQATTQQ 9606 15299025 t lperfetto "The inactivation of gsk3? In response to adhesion and ilk activation (6) would then result in a thr-159-hypophosphorylated ?-Nac that would become unavailable for proteasome degradation but would become a substrate for the ilk kinase activity on residue ser-43. The ser-43-phosphorylated ?-Nac would preferentially interact with c-jun (30), translocate to the nucleus, and potentiate transcription" SIGNOR-127631 C5AR2 protein Q9P296 UNIPROT Chemotaxis phenotype SIGNOR-PH93 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9108406 f lperfetto "We report here that the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are chemotactic factors for the human mast cell line HMC-1, human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMC) and cutaneous mast cells in vitro." SIGNOR-263459 PTBP2 protein Q9UKA9 UNIPROT HNRNPH1 protein P31943 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11003644 t lperfetto "Splicing of the c-src N1 exon in neuronal cells depends in part on an intronic cluster of RNA regulatory elements called the downstream control sequence (DCS). |nPTB binds more stably to the DCS RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. nPTB also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, hnRNP H and KSRP, to the DCS RNA." SIGNOR-261269 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT H1-5 protein P16401 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr11 TAPAETAtPAPVEKS 9606 BTO:0000567 19136008 t lperfetto "We found that threonine 10 of h1.5 can be phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 in vitro. We have generated an antiserum specific for human h1.5 phosphorylated at threonine 10. Immunofluorescence labeling of hela cells with this antiserum revealed that the phosphorylation at this site appears in prometaphase and disappears in telophase, and that this hyperphosphorylated form of h1.5 is mainly chromatin-bound in metaphase when chromatin condensation is maximal." SIGNOR-183325 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 15466486 f lperfetto "Here, we show that p38 activity facilitates myod and mef2 binding at a subset of late-activated promoters, and the binding of mef2d recruits pol ii." SIGNOR-129702 U50488 chemical CHEBI:73358 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258666 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXA5 protein P20719 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260023 FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT CASP10 protein Q92851 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11717445 t gcesareni "The death-effector domains ofcasp8and -10 bothinteractwith the death-effector domain offadd. Therefore, caspase-10 is recruited into the fas signaling complex and becomes activated like caspase-8" SIGNOR-112058 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr198 PGLRRRQt 9606 12042314 t lperfetto "Because Thr198-phosphorylated p27Kip1 was localized only in the cytoplasm, Akt might promote 14-3-3 binding to p27Kip1 by phosphorylation at Thr198, allowing its cytoplasmic localization and degradation." SIGNOR-244194 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Glu-tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29157 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270382 paroxetine chemical CHEBI:7936 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258739 USP6 protein P35125 UNIPROT MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20418905 f miannu "In this study we show that tre17 is sufficient to induce expression of mmp-9 and mmp-10, in a manner requiring its usp activity, but not its ability to bind arf6. Tre17 induces transcription of mmp-9 through activation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab), mediated in part by the gtpase rhoa and its effector kinase, rock." SIGNOR-164946 DPF2 protein Q92785 UNIPROT ESRRA protein P11474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 25713408 t 1 miannu "DPF2 directly bound to ERRalpha and suppressed the transactivation function of nuclear receptors such as androgen receptor. DPF2 was recruited to ERR target gene promoters in myoblast cells, and knockdown of DPF2 derepressed the level of mRNA expressed by target genes of ERRalpha. These results show that DPF2 acts as a nuclear receptor-selective co-repressor for ERRalpha by associating with both acetylated histone H3 and HDAC1." SIGNOR-239539 benazepril chemical CHEBI:3011 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 16407508 t "Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors provide renal protection in patients with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency (serum creatinine level, 3.0 mg per deciliter or less). We assessed the efficacy and safety of benazepril in patients without diabetes who had advanced renal insufficiency." SIGNOR-253343 Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR Ubiquitinated-Viral_Protein complex SIGNOR-C427 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25688236 t scontino "MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. Proteins with ubiquitin tags (red spheres) are degraded by proteasomes and the resulting peptides are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by TAP|Many viruses have mechanisms of interfering with MHC class I processing, including direct interaction of viral proteins with immunoproteasome subunits." SIGNOR-267766 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 18697834 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Wnt1, Wnt3a and Wnt5a all induced a statistically greater degree of proliferation than control cells" SIGNOR-255650 Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR 43S_pre_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C453 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269159 CEP68 protein Q76N32 UNIPROT PCNT protein O95613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 25503564 t lperfetto "We also found that Cep68 forms a complex with Cep215 (also known as Cdk5Rap2) and PCNT (also known as pericentrin), two PCM (pericentriolar material) proteins involved in centriole engagement. |Cep68 stabilization increases the amount of PCNT at metaphase centrosomes, but does not affect its removal at the end of mitosis" SIGNOR-275623 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT RNF11 protein Q9Y3C5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Thr135 DWLMRSFtCPSCMEP 9606 BTO:0003474 16123141 t gcesareni "Upon inhibition of the AKT pathway or mutation of T135, the phosphorylation at one of these sites is virtually eliminated, suggesting that AKT may phosphorylate RNF11 at T135. Moreover, RNF11 is phosphorylated by AKT in vitro and is recognized by phospho-AKT substrate antibodies. RNF11 shows enhanced binding to 14-3-3 in WM239 cells compared with that seen in the parental WM35 cells which have low AKT activity" SIGNOR-252558 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PIP4K2A protein P48426 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 DGEEEGEsDGTHPVG 9606 BTO:0000567 10508590 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate the partial purification of a protein kinase that phosphorylates the type iialpha pip kinase at a single site unique to that isoform - ser304. This kinase was identified as protein kinase ck2 (formerly casein kinase 2). Mutation of ser304 to aspartate to mimic its phosphorylation had no effect on pip kinase activity, but promoted both redistribution of the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged enzyme in hela cells from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, and membrane ruffling." SIGNOR-71014 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259707 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT L1CAM protein P32004 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1181 GEYRSLEsDNEEKAF 10116 BTO:0000142 8592152 t llicata "Serine to alanine substitutions in these peptides indicate that the CKII phosphorylation site is at Ser1,181. | Finally, in vivo radiolabeling indicates that Ser1,181 is phosphorylated in newborn rat brain. These data show that CKII is associated with and able to phosphorylate L1." SIGNOR-250913 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT CEP131 protein Q9UPN4 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 24121310 t miannu " We demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase MIB1 is a new component of centriolar satellites, which interacts with and ubiquitylates AZI1 and PCM1 and suppresses primary cilium formation. Whereas these proteins are degraded prior to the ciliation process, MIB1 appears to maintain its targets in a latent state through inhibitory ubiquitylation that is reversed during ciliogenesis and in response to cell stress.The precise mechanism by which MIB1 inhibits primary cilium formation through ubiquitylation of ciliogenesis-promoting target proteins such as AZI1 and PCM1 remains to be determined." SIGNOR-272876 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255095 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser367 DTRSLEIsQSYTTTQ 9606 21149446 t gcesareni "In human cells, the activation process involves autophosphorylation on three sites (ser367, ser1893, and ser1981) and acetylation on lys3016. We now describe the identification of a new atm phosphorylation site, thr(p)1885 and an additional autophosphorylation site, ser(p)2996, that is highly dna damage-inducible." SIGNOR-170477 KAT6A protein Q92794 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys120 FLHSGTAkSVTCTYS 9606 BTO:0001271 SIGNOR-C54 23431171 t miannu "We show here that moz is an acetyltransferase of p53 at k120 and k382 and colocalizes with p53 in promyelocytic leukemia (pml) nuclear bodies following cellular stress. The moz-pml-p53 interaction enhances moz-mediated acetylation of p53, and this ternary complex enhances p53-dependent p21 expression" SIGNOR-201482 testosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17347 ChEBI 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000975 27702664 t lperfetto "The cytochrome P450 aromatase is involved in the last step of sex hormones biosynthesis by converting androgens into estrogens. |Human aromatase (CYP19A1) is a membrane-bound class II cytochrome P450 that converts androgens into estrogens [1], [2], [3], [4]. Specifically, the enzyme is involved sex hormones biosynthesis where it is responsible for the conversion of androstenedione, testosterone and 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone into estrone, estradiol and estriol, respectively" SIGNOR-268667 PPM1B protein O75688 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 18930133 t lperfetto "Using a functional genomic approach, we have identified two protein serine/threonine phosphatases, ppm1a and ppm1b, as ikkbeta phosphatases. Overexpression of ppm1a or ppm1b results in dephosphorylation of ikkbeta at ser177 and ser181 and termination of ikkbeta-induced nf-kappab activation" SIGNOR-181663 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001260 10514499 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) phosphorylate the high molecular mass isoform of the actin-binding protein caldesmon (h-cad) at two sites (ser(759) and ser(789)) during smooth muscle stimulation. Nmr spectroscopy shows that the actin binding properties of the minimal inhibitory region of caldesmon, residues 750-779, alter upon map kinase phosphorylation of ser-759, a residue not involved in actin binding. This phosphorylation leads to markedly diminished actin affinity as a result of the loss of interaction at one of the two sites that bind to f-actin." SIGNOR-270049 GTF2H2C protein Q6P1K8 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269317 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR INF2 protein Q27J81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys666 IRAGDTTkFDVEVLK 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272803 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr4460 GFQHQRMtNGAMNVE 9606 15272003 t lperfetto "Serine and threonine phosphorylation of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein by protein kinase calpha regulates endocytosis and association with adaptor moleculesthese results indicate that elimination of serine and threonine phosphorylation sites in the lrp cytoplasmic domain reduces the extent of tyr63 phosphorylation and leads to impaired association with the adaptor protein shc." SIGNOR-127215 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23530057 t miannu "Upon TGF-β induction, interaction of Arkadia with phosphorylated Smad2 triggers degradation of SnoN, whereas upon arsenic treatment, interaction of Arkadia with poly-SUMO in PML nuclear bodies induces degradation of polysumoylated PML together with RNF4." SIGNOR-272885 PGM1 protein P36871 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-267929 USP36 protein Q9P275 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 22902402 t lperfetto "USP36, the human ortholog of Ubp10, complements the ubp10Δ allele for RNAPI stability, pre-rRNA processing, and cell growth in yeast, suggesting that deubiquitination of RNAPI may be conserved in eukaryotes. Our work implicates Ubp10/USP36 as a key regulator of rRNA production through control of RNAPI stability.|Human USP36 complements ubp10delta for RNA polymerase I deubiquitination and stability" SIGNOR-272292 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser864 PKPSSHHsGSGSTST 9606 21078818 t gcesareni "We identify ror2 ser 864 as a critical residue phosphorylated by gsk3 and required for noncanonical receptor activation by wnt5a, analogous to the priming phosphorylation of low-density receptor-related protein 6 (lrp6) in response to wnt3a." SIGNOR-228026 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Ser-tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29162 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269515 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr420 RYVLDDEyVSSFGAK 11353545 t lperfetto "We further demonstrate that Rlk can be phosphorylated and activated by Src kinases, leading to a decrease in its half-life. A specific tyrosine in the activation loop of Rlk, Y420, is required for phosphorylation and activation, as well as for decreased stability, but is not required for lipid RAFT association." SIGNOR-249341 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr393 RNLSDAAtKQEGMEG 9534 BTO:0000298 12700239 t llicata "The major CK2 phosphorylation site in this domain is Thr393, a solvent-accessible residue in a key hinge region of the molecule. Mutation of this single amino acid reduces beta-catenin phosphorylation, cotranscriptional activity, and stability." SIGNOR-250849 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser909 HQRCLAHsLVGTPNY 9606 BTO:0000007 15688006 t "Two of these, S909 and T1079, were required for Lats1 activation." milica "Since the N-terminal half of Lats1 (residues 1–588) was dispensable for the activation of Lats1 by Mst2, mass spectrometry was used to identify phosphorylation sites within the C-terminal domain of Lats1." SIGNOR-133544 Endothelin-1 smallmolecule CHEBI:80240 ChEBI EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257482 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257692 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9774977 t lperfetto "Traf2 is a strong activator of ask1" SIGNOR-60747 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16469705 t gcesareni "Here we show that tnfalpha-mediated jnk activation accelerates turnover of the nf-kappab-induced antiapoptotic protein c-flip, an inhibitor of caspase-8. This is not due to direct c-flip phosphorylation but depends on jnk-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the e3 ubiquitin ligase itch, which specifically ubiquitinates c-flip and induces its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-144456 DUSP9 protein Q99956 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 11988087 t "This interaction is observed for Mus musculus Pyst3 gene, which encodes for DUSP9" gcesareni "These properties define the ability of this enzyme to dephosphorylate and inactivate erk1/2 and p38a, but not jnk (c-jun n-terminal kinase) in vivo." SIGNOR-87150 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT PANX2 protein Q96RD6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser514 KKHARHFsLDVHPYI 10090 BTO:0000142 22445341 t miannu "We identified 5 potential NDR1 substrates in the mouse brain and chose two for functional validation. We show that one NDR1 substrate is another kinase, AP-2 associated kinase-1 (AAK1) which regulates dendritic branching as a result of NDR1 phosphorylation. Another substrate is the Rab8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rabin8 (a Sec2p homolog) which we find is involved in spine synapse formation." SIGNOR-263032 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19439225 f lperfetto "Oxidative and ER stress conditions induce rapid and significant activation of ATF4 downstream of eIF2alpha phosphorylation, which is responsible for Redd1 expression" SIGNOR-253729 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 phosphorylation:Ser399;Thr395 GLLTPPQsGKKQSSG;PLPSGLLtPPQSGKK 11533444 t lperfetto "The amount of cyclin E protein present in the cell is tightly controlled by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Here we identify the ubiquitin ligase responsible for cyclin E ubiquitination as SCFFbw7 and demonstrate that it is functionally conserved in yeast, flies, and mammals. Fbw7 associates specifically with phosphorylated cyclin E, and SCFFbw7 catalyzes cyclin E ubiquitination in vitro" SIGNOR-267558 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr194 ALEKKSNyEVLEKDV 9606 20802513 t gcesareni "In this study, we demonstrate that growth factor receptors including hepatocyte growth factor receptor met, epidermal growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor directly phosphorylate fak on tyr194 in the ferm domain (band 4.1 and ezrin/radixin/moesin homology domain)." SIGNOR-167654 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT Urogenital_tract phenotype SIGNOR-PH71 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 10101119 f "The Wilms' Tumour gene WT1 has important functions during development. Knock-out mice were shown to have defects in the urogenital system and to die at embryonic day E13.5, probably due to heart failure." SIGNOR-252302 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr88 AVSPLLLtTTNSSEG 9606 11152499 t tpavlidou "Taken together, these results show that pkr is autophosphorylated on serine 83 and threonines 88, 89, and 90, that this autophosphorylation may enhance kinase activation, and that the inhibition of pkr by hcv e2 is not solely due to duplication of and competition with these autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-85781 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT FRS3 protein O43559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr417 EPPRQLNyIQVELKG 9606 11432792 t miannu "The tyrosine phosphoryla tion of FRS2/SNT2 was stimulated dependently on the TrkB activation. to explore the possibility that tyrosine residues 417 and 455 on FRS2/SNT2 function as the binding sites for Shp2, we coexpressed Y417F or Y455F phenylalanine mutants and the Y417/455F double phenylalanine mutant of Myc/Histagged FRS2/SNT2 with TrkB. The active TrkB induced somewhat reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of all of the phenylalanine mutants of FRS2/SNT2 in comparison with tyrosine phosphorylation of the wild type" SIGNOR-250202 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser399 DNITLPPsQPSPTGG 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249668 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 18620382 t Luana "Pyrimidine 13 showed good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity was also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50’s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-257735 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269593 "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 24241034 f lperfetto "Importantly, autocrine and paracrine interactions of alpha9beta1 integrin and tenascin-C induced the expression of MMPs and IL-6 in synovial fibroblasts, as well as TNF-alpha± and IL-1beta in synovial macrophages." SIGNOR-253315 "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 25400280 t lperfetto "Additional to the role of the BRCA1–C complex in 53BP1 repositioning and initiation of resection, end resection is extended to facilitate RPA loading and subsequent RPA‐Rad51 exchange prior to sister strand invasion" SIGNOR-263230 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 QQQSYLDsGIHSGAT 9606 SIGNOR-C110 23151663 t gcesareni "Beta-catenin phosphorylation in vivo is sequentially carried out by two distinct kinases, ckialfa and gsk-3. Ckialfa phosphorylation of s45 proceeds and is required for subsequent gsk-3 phosphorylation of t41, s37, and s33 one key substrate of gsk3 is the transcriptional co-activator beta catenin, whichis inactivated by gsk3 mediated phosphorylation and targeted for proteasomal degradation in unstimulated cells." SIGNOR-199504 STK24 protein Q9Y6E0 UNIPROT STK38L protein Q9Y2H1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr442 DWVFLNYtYKRFEGL 9606 BTO:0000007 16314523 t lperfetto "Ndr1/ndr2 protein kinase is activated by phosphorylation on the activation loop phosphorylation site ser281/ser282 and the hydrophobic motif phosphorylation site thr444/thr442. Autophosphorylation of ndr is responsible for phosphorylation on ser281/ser282, whereas thr444/thr442 is targeted by an upstream kinase. Here we show that mst3, a mammalian ste20-like protein kinase, is able to phosphorylate ndr protein kinase at thr444/thr442. In vitro, mst3 selectively phosphorylated thr442 of ndr2, resulting in a 10-fold stimulation of ndr activity." SIGNOR-142510 ANAPC4 protein Q9UJX5 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252004 "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR AICDA protein Q9GZX7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31092637 t miannu " Further analysis indicated that CUL7 mediated AID ubiquitination by forming a complex with FBXW11. In a CUL7 fl/fl CD19 cre+ mouse model, we demonstrated that CUL7 knockout significantly enhanced AID protein levels in B cells in the germinal center and increased both the IgG1 and IgA class switching. Collectively, our results reveal a subtle regulation mechanism for tightly controlling AID protein levels. F-box proteins are components of SCF ubiquitin-ligase complexes that contain Skp1, CUL1, or CUL7, and an F-box protein" SIGNOR-272026 FGF6 protein P10767 UNIPROT FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1385111 t gcesareni "Our results establish an fgf binding profile for fgfr-4 with afgf having the highest affinity, followed by k-fgf/hst-1 and bfgf. In addition, fgf-6 was found to bind to fgfr-4 in ligand competition experiments. Ligands binding to fgfr-4 induced receptor autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of a set of cellular polypeptides." SIGNOR-18570 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr869 LGAEEKEyHAEGGKV 10090 BTO:0002882 16122376 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "EGFR possesses three major and two minor tyrosine autophosphorylation sites located at Y1068, Y1148, Y1173, and at Y992 and Y1086 respectively. In addition, EGFR Y1114 is preceded by glutamic acid (Figure 1), which should be preferred by the EGFR kinase as indicated in previous work" SIGNOR-235956 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr458 QPRKRKLtVDTPGAP 9606 19875456 t llicata "The phosphorylation of ski at threonine 458 is induced by akt pathway activators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and hepatocyte growth factor. The phosphorylation of ski causes its destabilization and reduces ski-mediated inhibition of expression of another negative regulator of tgf-beta, smad7" SIGNOR-252527 DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 19874086 f "Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6." gcesareni "It has been shown that both sclerostin and dkk1 act physiologically as downstream molecules of bmp signaling to inhibit canonical wnt signaling and therefore negatively regulate bone mass." SIGNOR-188961 NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR CCNB2 protein O95067 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10086339 f gcesareni "In this study, we analysed the mechanisms leading to activation of the cyclin b2 ccaat boxes: a combination of (i) genomic footprinting, (ii) transfections with single, double and triple mutants, (iii) emsas with nuclear extracts, antibodies and nf-y recombinant proteins and (iv) transfections with an nf-ya dominant negative mutant established the positive role of the three ccaat sequences and proved that nf-y plays a crucial role in their activation." SIGNOR-65638 TIMM21 protein Q9BVV7 UNIPROT "MITRAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C538 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23260140 t "TIM21 is a constituent of MITRAC and presequence translocase complexes ► TIM21 ushers imported subunits of complexes I and IV to assembly intermediates" SIGNOR-272488 SLC9A9 protein Q8IVB4 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265599 "Dynorphin A" smallmolecule CHEBI:4727 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258793 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT ABCG5 protein Q9H222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21123766 f miannu "these results indicate that HMG-CoAR inhibition with atorvastatin stimulates intestinal expression of NPC1L1 and PCSK9, increases cholesterol absorption, and reduces ABCG5/8 expression; these effects are mediated most likely by stimulation of the transcription factors SREBP-2 and HNF-4α." SIGNOR-254455 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ADD2 protein P35612 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser726 KKKEKVEs -1 8810272 t miannu "Ser-726 and Ser-713 in the C-terminal MARCKS-related domains of - and -adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites common for PKA and PKC. Phosphorylation by PKA, but not PKC, reduced the affinity of adducin for spectrin-F-actin complexes as well as the activity of adducin in promoting binding of spectrin to F-actin." SIGNOR-250333 EXOC1 protein Q9NV70 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270784 SLC9A6 protein Q92581 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265596 "alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57720 ChEBI "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 17804405 t miannu "Phosphopentomutase catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses. The role of phosphopentomutase is to utilize ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate, which are formed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase. Using catalytic efficiency as a criterion, PGM2 acted more than 10-fold better as a phosphopentomutase (both on deoxyribose 1-phosphate and on ribose 1-phosphate) than as a phosphoglucomutase." SIGNOR-267074 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT KIF26B protein Q2KJY2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 phosphorylation:Thr1855 PSPYSKItPPRRPHR 22768111 t miannu "We find that Kif26b interacts with an E3 ubiquitin ligase, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (Nedd4) in developing kidney. Phosphorylation of Kif26b at Thr-1859 and Ser-1962 by the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) enhances the interaction of Kif26b with Nedd4. Nedd4 polyubiquitinates Kif26b and thereby promotes degradation of Kif26b via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-272906 HRK protein O00198 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9130713 t gcesareni "Hrk, physically interacts with the death-repressor proteins bcl2 and bcl2l1. Hrk activates cell death at least in part by interacting with and inhibiting the protection afforded by bcl2 and bcl2l1." SIGNOR-47797 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263785 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser366 KTLPRSSsMAAGLER 9606 SIGNOR-C15 19933840 t lperfetto "Using this approach for ppp1r12c, baiap2, and cdc27, we found that mutation of a single serine to alanine (s452, s366, and s379 respectively) resulted in almost a complete loss of ampk phosphorylation in these proteins. Termination of irsp53 function is suggested to occur following cdc42 dissociation, kinase phosphorylation of t340 and t360, and subsequent 14-3-3 binding, which competes for sh3 partners, thus allowing filopodial retraction" SIGNOR-161810 CCT2 protein P78371 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272860 VAV3 protein Q9UKW4 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260584 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC23 protein Q9UJX2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr565 NQGETPTtEVPAPFF 9606 14657031 t lperfetto "Apc activation is thought to depend on apc phosphorylation and cdc20 binding. We have identified 43 phospho_sites on apc of which at least 34 are mitosis specific. Of these, 32 sites are clustered in parts of apc1 and the tetratricopeptide repeat (tpr) subunits cdc27, cdc16, cdc23 and apc7. In vitro, at least 15 of the mitotic phospho_sites can be generated by cyclin_dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), and 3 by polo_like kinase 1 (plk1). Apc phosphorylation by cdk1, but not by plk1, is sufficient for increased cdc20 binding and apc activation" SIGNOR-119821 DUOX1 protein Q9NRD9 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264726 CFAP53 protein Q96M91 UNIPROT DNAH5 protein Q8TE73 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000379 33347437 t miannu "CFAP53 likely facilitates the transport of TTC25 and the dyneins into cilia. CFAP53 at the centriolar satellites may form a complex with TTC25 and ODAs, including DNAH5 and DNAH11, and regulate their trafficking into the cilium (Fig 10B)." SIGNOR-265544 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT SLC12A1 protein Q13621 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr105 LQTFGHNtMDAVPKI 9606 BTO:0000007 21321328 t miannu "We establish that the SPAK and OSR1 kinases activated by WNK interact with an RFQV motif on NKCC2 and directly phosphorylate Thr95, Thr100, Thr105 and, possibly, Ser91. Our data indicate that a SPAK-OSR1-independent kinase, perhaps AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylates Ser130 and that phosphorylation of Thr105 and Ser130 plays the most important roles in stimulating NKCC2 activity." SIGNOR-263131 TLK1 protein Q9UKI8 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR -1 11314006 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q9UKI8-2|Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "Purified tlk1b phosphorylated histone h3 at s(10) with high specificity both in a mix of core histones and in isolated chromatin, suggesting that histone h3 is a physiological substrate for tlk1b. Phosphorylation of H3 has been linked to the activation of the immediate-early genes upon mitogenic stimulation, and to chromatin condensation during mitotic/meiotic events." SIGNOR-107037 MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 BTO:0000938 16815997 f lperfetto "In the absence of wnt, macf1 associated with a complex that contained axin, betBeta-catenin, gsk3beta, and apc. Upon wnt stimulation, macf1 appeared to be involved in the translocation and subsequent binding of the axin complex to lrp6 at the cell membrane. Macf1 is involved in the translocation of the complex containing axin, Beta-catenin, and gsk3_ but not apc from the cytosol to the cell membrane, where axin and macf1 bind to lrp-5/6. Subsequently, gsk3_ is inactivated by phosphorylation, axin is degraded, and Beta-catenin is released and enters the nucleus, where it can activate the wnt-responsive genes." SIGNOR-227997 ziprasidone chemical CHEBI:10119 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258504 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TK1 protein P04183 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 LPTVLPGsPSKTRGQ 9606 BTO:0000567 12435275 t gcesareni "Given that the dimeric form of tk1 is less active than the tetrameric, we propose that mitotic phosphorylation of serine-13 is of physiological importance, in that it may counteract atp-dependent activation of tk1 by affecting its quaternary structure, thus attenuating its enzymatic function at the g2/m phase." SIGNOR-95574 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 20179209 t lperfetto "Pkcs phosphorylate bad under in vitro conditions, and the association of phosphorylated bad with pkc-mu or pkc-epsilon, as shown by immunoprecipitation, indicated direct involvement of pkcs in bad phosphorylation. To confirm these results, cells overexpressing pegfp-n1, wt-bad, or bad with a single site mutated (ser112ala;ser136ala;ser155ala), two sites mutated (ser(112/136)ala;ser(112/155)ala;ser(136/155)ala), or the triple mutant were tested. Igf-i protected completely against rapamycin-induced apoptosis in cells overexpressing wt-bad and mutants having either one or two sites of phosphorylation mutated" SIGNOR-163912 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR "form complex" binding cleavage:Asp119 PAPQAVQdNPAMPTS 7721861 t lperfetto "The interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme is a heterodimeric cysteine protease that is produced as a 45-kDa precursor. The full-length precursor form of the enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli as insoluble inclusion bodies. Following solubilization and refolding of the 45-kDa protein, autoproteolytic conversion to a heterodimeric form containing 10- and 20-kDa subunits was observed." SIGNOR-256386 MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser526 MSGTGMRsVTGTPYW 9606 BTO:0000007 16407301 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serine 526 is required for mekk3 activity, and association with 14-3-3 blocks dephosphorylationautophosphorylation of mekk3 at ser526" SIGNOR-143647 HLX protein Q14774 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003980 20008130 t Luana "In this study, we have identified cell cycle regulatory genes as downstream targets of the homeobox gene HLX in cultured trophoblast cells, namely RB1, MYC, EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN. RB1 and MYC mRNA expression was increased with HLX inactivation, whereas EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN mRNA expression was decreased compared with mock-transfected control cells." SIGNOR-261619 "MLL Fusion" "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP14 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f miannu "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions." SIGNOR-260129 PLN protein P26678 UNIPROT ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 12838339 t "Heart failure can be traced, in part, to alterations in the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump that are induced by its interactions with phospholamban, a reversible inhibitor." SIGNOR-252031 ALDH1A3 protein P47895 UNIPROT retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265128 KATNA1 protein O75449 UNIPROT KATNB1 protein Q9BVA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10751153 t miannu "In its active ATP-bound state, KATNA1 forms hexameric rings capable of binding to and severing microtubule polymers. Typically, KATNA1 binding to KATNB1 enhances severing, likely due to KATNB1 increasing the stability of the KATNA1 hexamer" SIGNOR-267174 GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and √É≈Ω√Ǭ±-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-268061 G6PC3 protein Q9BUM1 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266570 C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "C3 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C310 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 cleavage:Arg756;Gly1446 KGQAGLQrALEILQE;TPLQLFEgRRNRRRR 17204478 t "complement C4b fragment:PRO_0000042703" lperfetto "However, following cleavage of C4, C2 binds tightly to C4b to form the C4b2 complex" SIGNOR-263398 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser510 SPVSRTPsLPAVDTS 9606 27256105 t Luana "Mechanically, we found that AMPKα1 directly phosphorylated protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (PIAS1), the SUMO E3-ligase of Runx2, at serine 510, to promote its SUMO E3-ligase activity. Finally, mutation of protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 at serine 510 suppressed m" SIGNOR-259866 GTF2A2 protein P52657 UNIPROT TFIIA complex SIGNOR-C395 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 7724559 t lperfetto "TFIIA purified from HeLa extracts consists of 35-, 19-, and 12-kDa subunits. Here we describe the isolation of a cDNA clone (hTFIIA gamma) encoding the 12-kDa subunit." SIGNOR-266196 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2U protein Q5VVX9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271371 XBP1 protein P17861-2 UNIPROT Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15598891 f miannu "ATF6 and XBP1 are transcription factors activated specifically in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Three cis-acting elements capable of binding to ATF6, XBP1 or both have been identified to date, namely ER stress-response element (ERSE), unfolded protein response element (UPRE) and ERSE-II. ERSE controls the expression of ER-localized molecular chaperones such as BiP that can refold unfolded proteins in the ER; transcription from ERSE is fully activated by ATF6 even in the absence of XBP1. In contrast, transcription from UPRE depends solely on XBP1 and it has been suggested that UPRE may control the expression of components of the ER-associated degradation system that can degrade unfolded proteins in the ER." SIGNOR-260186 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001130 10660600 t lperfetto "Immunoprecipitated psk phosphorylates myelin basic protein and transfected psk stimulates mkk4 and mkk7 and activates the c-jun n-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway." SIGNOR-74864 GOLPH3 protein Q9H4A6 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000018;BTO:0005011 19553991 f "Mechanistically, GOLPH3 regulates cell size, enhances growth factor-induced mTOR signaling in human cancer cells and alters response to mTOR inhibitor in vivo." SIGNOR-253554 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21695114 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that mammalian Smo (mSmo) is activated through multi-site phosphorylation of its carboxyl-terminal tail by CK1α and GRK2. Phosphorylation of mSmo induces its active conformation and simultaneously promotes its ciliary accumulation." SIGNOR-174542 MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000938 16815997 f lperfetto "In the absence of wnt, macf1 associated with a complex that contained axin, betBeta-catenin, gsk3beta, and apc. Upon wnt stimulation, macf1 appeared to be involved in the translocation and subsequent binding of the axin complex to lrp6 at the cell membrane. Macf1 is involved in the translocation of the complex containing axin, Beta-catenin, and gsk3_ but not apc from the cytosol to the cell membrane, where axin and macf1 bind to lrp-5/6. Subsequently, gsk3_ is inactivated by phosphorylation, axin is degraded, and Beta-catenin is released and enters the nucleus, where it can activate the wnt-responsive genes." SIGNOR-228000 TLX1 protein P31314 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 15897879 t 2 miannu "HOX11 also inhibited PP2A serine/threonine phosphatase activity concomitant with stimulation of the AKT/PKB signaling cascade." SIGNOR-240719 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23567751 f miannu "The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis proceeds when the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is compromised by the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, BAK and BAX. Once activated, BAK and BAX form proteolipid pores in the OMM leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), and the release of inner membrane space proteins, such as cytochrome c, which promotes caspase activation." SIGNOR-261493 FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25902418 t areggio "Here we report that Wnt receptor Frizzled (Frz) and theco-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (LRP5/6) directly interact with each other and this interaction is regulated by the LRP6 ectodomain." SIGNOR-258969 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr224 DSNSKKIyGSQPNFN 9606 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (tfks) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the sh3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism. For bmx, we obtained two phosphorylated sites, y215 and y223 (fig. 6c). The bmx-y215 is a conserved tyrosine, which is homologous to btk-y223 and itk-y180" SIGNOR-98032 WNT5B protein Q9H1J7 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131888 nalbuphine chemical CHEBI:7454 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258041 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation." SIGNOR-272715 CTR9 protein Q6PD62 UNIPROT PAF1C complex SIGNOR-C471 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20178742 t miannu "Human PAF1C was affinity purified from a FLAG-hPAF1 HeLa cell line and found to contain homologues (hCTR9, hLEO1, hPAF1, hCDC73 and hRTF1) of the five yeast PAF1C subunits, as well as the SKI8 subunit unique to hPAF1C (Figure 1A). " SIGNOR-269834 GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264348 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17609368 f gcesareni "Severalin vivostudies using aicar to activate ampk chronically determined that mitochondrial enzymes [e.g., cytochromec, uncoupling protein 3 (ucp-3)] (1518) and proteins involved in glucose uptake (glut4) (1820) are increased at the transcriptional level in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-156772 PML protein P29590 UNIPROT ZFYVE9 protein O95405 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15356634 t gcesareni "Cytoplasmic pml physically interacts with smad2/3 and sara (smad anchor for receptor activation) and is required for association of smad2/3 with sara and for the accumulation of sara and tgf-beta receptor in the early endosome." SIGNOR-128744 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM49D1 protein C9J1S8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271270 "Glycine cleavage system" complex SIGNOR-C437 SIGNOR (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051266 t lperfetto "The glycine cleavage system is a mitochondrial multienzyme system composed of four proteins termed P, H, T and L-protein, and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-H4folate), and reduced pyridine nucleotide." SIGNOR-268239 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr739 SEGSGTAtPSALITT 9606 19245816 t gcesareni "In addition, for mutation of the jnk-1 phosphorylated residues of sp1, namely, sp1(t278/739a) and sp1(t278/739d), the effect of ga on sp1 stability was reversed." SIGNOR-184194 "Class II MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C429 SIGNOR CD4 protein P01730 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31001252 t scontino "Extracellular domain of¬†CD4, which is responsible for the recognition of its ligands, is composed of four globular Ig-like domains (D1-D4). The N-terminal D1 domain binds to a segment of the non-polymorphic Œ≤2 domain of MHC class II. CD4 is required for the recognition of most antigens in vivo. The presence of the CD4 coreceptor enhances T cell sensitivity to antigens" SIGNOR-267990 ERO1B protein Q86YB8 UNIPROT ERP44 protein Q9BS26 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11847130 t Simone "Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel UPR-induced ER resident protein (ERp44) that forms mixed disulfides with both hEROs, as well as with partially unfolded Ig subunits." SIGNOR-261048 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser68 GQNGEEKsPPNASHP -1 15850461 t miannu "CapZIP was also phosphorylated rapidly by SAPK3/p38γ and SAPK4/p38δ, and even faster and more extensively by JNK1α1, these protein kinases phosphorylating CapZIP in vitro to >3, approx. 2 and >5 mol of phosphate/mol of protein respectively within a few minutes. Following tryptic digestion and C18 chromatography, further sites phosphorylated by JNK1α1 were identified as Ser-68, Ser-83 and Ser-216 (results not shown), and are highlighted in Figure 3.Using this antibody, we showed by immunoblotting that bacterially expressed CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-108 by SAPK4/p38δ, JNK1α1 and ERK2 in vitro, as well as by SAPK3/p38γ (results not shown).An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263085 MMP17 protein Q9ULZ9 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272385 EREG protein O14944 UNIPROT "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 16829981 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "For example, betacellulin binds to and activates both erbb1 and erbb4, whereas epiregulin binds to erbb1, erbb3 and erbb4." SIGNOR-269873 "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR PUM2 protein Q8TB72 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31320642 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in bulk mRNA decay, CCR4-NOT can also catalyze the deadenylation or promote translational repression of specific mRNA targets to which it is recruited by RNA binding proteins, such as Nanos, Roquin and Puf/Pumilio proteins" SIGNOR-268347 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg748 ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 9606 BTO:0001412 1861080 t miannu "Plasma membrane elastase and cathepsin G from U937 cells cleave C3 into C3a- and C3b-like fragments; further incubation leads to C3c- and C3dg-like fragments, as judged from SDS-PAGE analysis of the digests. Sequencing of the C3b-like fragment purified by reverse phase chromatography indicates that initial cleavage of C3 by purified cathepsin G occurs at two positions in the amino-terminal part of the alpha-chain, at a Arg-Ser bond located between residues 748 and 749 and at a Leu-Asp bond between residues 751 and 752. These proteases are, thus, able to generate, on the U937 surface, active fragments of C3, which are likely to be involved in cell-protein and cell-cell interactions." SIGNOR-256347 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine chemical CHEBI:10588 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258684 RPL37A protein P61513 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262462 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t lperfetto "Once released from associated repressors, MEF2 is bound by the p300 coactivator, which possesses histone acetyltransferase activity. Thus, the net result of CaMK signaling to MEF2 complexes is increased histone acetylation (Ac), which relaxes chromatin and stimulates MEF2 target gene transcription." SIGNOR-232159 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20223878 t Luana "These results collectively demonstrate that norZTP exerts more potent inhibitory action than ZTP on norepinephrine transporters both in vitro and in vivo, presumably accounting for its antidepressant-like effect and low EPS propensity." SIGNOR-257828 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sPRRPLIL 9606 22094256 t lperfetto "We identified the forkhead box m1 (foxm1) transcription factor as a common critical phosphorylation target. Cdk4/6 stabilize and activate foxm1these data identify five overlapping in vivo and in vitro cdk4/6 target sites in foxm1 (s4, s35, t611, t620 and t627)" SIGNOR-177251 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252181 PTPN22 protein Q9Y2R2 UNIPROT CD247 protein P20963 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16461343 t "In vitro experiments with purified recombinant proteins demonstrated that PTPN22-D195A/C227S interacted directly with activated Lck, Zap70, and TCRzeta, confirming the initial substrate trap results. Native PTPN22 dephosphorylated Lck and Zap70 at their activating tyrosine residues Tyr-394 and Tyr-493, respectively, but not at the regulatory tyrosines Tyr-505 (Lck) or Tyr-319 (Zap70). Native PTPN22 also dephosphorylated TCRzeta in vitro and in cells, and its substrate trap variant co-immunoprecipitated with TCRzeta when both were coexpressed in 293T cells, establishing TCRzeta as a direct substrate of PTPN22." SIGNOR-248837 ALDH1A3 protein P47895 UNIPROT "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265129 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr199 VKKSIRDtPAKNAQK 11278991 t llicata "Here, we identified that threonine 199 (Thr(199)) of NPM/B23 is the major phosphorylation target site of CDK2-cyclin E in vitro, and the same site is phosphorylated in vivo.|NPM/B23 binds specifically to unduplicated centrosomes and loses its centrosome binding activity when phosphorylated by CDK2-cyclin E" SIGNOR-250744 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser405 KTQTPPVsPAPQPTE 9606 BTO:0000938 20444238 t gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-165200 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT HSPA6 protein P17066 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 17343824 f miannu "We found 59 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes in the K562-SATB1 cells that were not observed in the K562 cells. Partial genes that have special biological functions are listed in Table 1." SIGNOR-255134 "Tandospirone citrate" chemical CHEBI:32182 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258861 PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT Nucleotide_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH179 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0006038 29074724 f lperfetto "We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation or hypoxia results in the AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) S180 and PRPS2 S183, leading to conversion of PRPS hexamers to monomers and thereby inhibiting PRPS1/2 activity, nucleotide synthesis, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production." SIGNOR-265733 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18045539 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at the gsk3 sites represses the transcriptional activity of smad1 by enhancing proteasomal degradation of psmad1cter" SIGNOR-159484 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0001949 18439899 t gcesareni "DNA-PK phosphorylates HM Ser473 of PKB. However, we also noted similar patterns in T loop Thr308 phosphorylation after _-IR []his function is apparently restricted to the PKBalpha isoform" SIGNOR-252447 DBP protein Q10586 UNIPROT Gluconeogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH35 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21633182 f miannu "In addition to NHRs, Dbp, a known clock target gene, regulates expression of key metabolic genes involved in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis (60). Because DBP levels change 100-fold in response to CLOCK/BMAL1 activation, it is conceivable that DBP generates circadian oscillation in metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis." SIGNOR-268028 "Daunorubicin hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:31456 ChEBI TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1963303 t miannu "DNA topoisomerase II as the primary target of anti-tumor anthracyclines.Such studies have also given evidence of the peculiar features of the drug interference with DNA topoisomerase II activity. In contrast to other cytotoxic topoisomerase II inhibitors (acridines, epipodophyllotoxins), anthracyclines produce persistent DNA cleavable complexes. This property is more evident with doxorubicin derivatives than with daunorubicin derivatives." SIGNOR-259322 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser370 PAVPPRPsADLILNR 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t esanto "Pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation. The use of p47phox mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc?, ???, And ?." SIGNOR-89241 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19759537 f gcesareni "Using a quantitative chemical proteomic approach, we discovered that xav939 stabilizes axin by inhibiting the poly-adp-ribosylating enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2" SIGNOR-188048 CEP68 protein Q76N32 UNIPROT CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 25503564 t lperfetto "We also found that Cep68 forms a complex with Cep215 (also known as Cdk5Rap2) and PCNT (also known as pericentrin), two PCM (pericentriolar material) proteins involved in centriole engagement. |Retention of Cep68 or PCNT in late mitosis prevents the removal of Cep215" SIGNOR-275624 UBE2D3 protein P61077 UNIPROT ZSWIM2 protein Q8NEG5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16522193 t miannu "MEX can act as an E3, Ub (ubiquitin) ligase, through the E2, Ub-conjugating enzymes UbcH5a, UbcH5c or UbcH6. A region of MEX that contains the RING fingers and the ZZ zinc finger was required for interaction with UbcH5a and MEX self-association, whereas the SWIM domain was critical for MEX ubiquitination. The expression of MEX promoted apoptosis that was induced through Fas, DR (death receptor) 3 and DR4 signalling, but not that mediated by the BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only protein BimEL or the chemotherapeutic drug adriamycin. " SIGNOR-271557 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser370 TRQTPVDsPDDTALS -1 11733037 t miannu " Mutational analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of Thr241 and Thr401 in p70beta1 was indispensable for the kinase activity. In contrast, a p70beta1 mutant in which Ser383 was substituted with Gly (S383G) still retained nearly the half maximal activity. Sequential phosphorylation of wild-type and S383G mutant of p70beta1 with mTOR and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in vitro synergistically activated their kinase activities." SIGNOR-250371 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ACOT4 protein Q8N9L9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser392 GGEPRAHsKAQEDAW 9606 BTO:0001861 33148467 t lperfetto "HSPA1A was found to associate with ACOT4. Furthermore, we found that phosphorylation of ACOT4 at S392 by AKT decreased the binding of ACOT4 to HSPA1A, resulting in ACOT4 accumulation. |AKT phosphorylates ACOT4 at S392 and promotes ACOT4 stability" SIGNOR-271820 STAP1 protein Q9ULZ2 UNIPROT TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10518561 t miannu "In 293 cells expressing recombinant BRDG1 and various PTKs, Tec and Pyk2, but not Btk, Bmx, Lyn, Syk, or c-Abl, induced marked phosphorylation of BRDG1 on tyrosine residues. BRDG1 was also phosphorylated by Tec directly in vitro. Furthermore, BRDG1 was shown to participate in a positive feedback loop by increasing the activity of Tec. BRDG1 thus appears to function as a docking protein acting downstream of Tec in BCR signaling. BRDG1 may activate Tec by disrupting an intramolecular interaction." SIGNOR-261819 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001271 20596030 f lperfetto "Exposure of eol-1r cells to imatinib failed to dephosphorylate akt, erk and stat5, although pdgfralpha was effectively inactivated. The forced expression of pten negatively regulated these signal pathways and sensitized eol-1r cells to imatinib." SIGNOR-166478 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5‚Ä≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-267518 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser279 VLKRPERsQEESPPG 9606 12676583 t "Phosphorylation is the signal for ubiquitination" gcesareni "We show that ir-induced destruction of cdc25a requires both atm and the chk2-mediated phosphorylation of cdc25a on serine 123. the basal turnover of cdc25a operating in unperturbed s phase required chk1-dependent phosphorylation of serines 123, 178, 278, and 292. Ir-induced acceleration of cdc25a proteolysis correlated with increased phosphate incorporation into these residues generated by a combined action of chk1 and chk2 kinases." SIGNOR-99729 CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT 11-deoxycortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:28324 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000050 9814482 t lperfetto "Recombinant CYP11B genes encode enzymes that can catalyze conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol, 18-hydroxycortisol, and 18-oxocortisol." SIGNOR-268677 SRCAP protein Q6ZRS2 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20432434 t miannu "The SNF2-related CBP activator protein (SRCAP) serves as a coactivator for several nuclear receptors including the androgen receptor (AR). SRCAP is an ATPase that is the core subunit of a large multiprotein complex and was shown to incorporate the histone variant H2A.Z into nucleosomes. In this report, we demonstrate that SRCAP is expressed in the epithelium of normal prostate and in prostate carcinoma cells, and is associated with AR in the nucleus" SIGNOR-255221 SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr326 ENPPNKMtQEKLEES 9606 22727668 t llicata "We found that activated akt binds and induces srpk1 autophosphorylation because akt-mediated phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of srpk1" SIGNOR-197993 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser717 LKEAEEEsSEDD 9606 BTO:0000007 11500362 t llicata "Two conserved sites (Ser712/713) are phosphorylated by casein kinase 2. They lie at the extreme C-terminus and are required for the interaction of eIF2Bepsilon with its substrate, eIF2, in vivo and for eIF2B activity in vitro. " SIGNOR-250859 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr151 IEFVNQYyGSFKEAK 9606 19875457 t llicata "We identify human inos residue tyr(1055) as a target for src-mediated phosphorylation. src kinase-mediated phosphorylation stabilizes inducible nitric-oxide synthase in normal cells and cancer cells." SIGNOR-188974 TIMP3 protein P35625 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0005300 28709001 f "Hh signaling through FAP cilia regulated the expression of TIMP3, a secreted metalloproteinase inhibitor, that inhibited MMP14 to block adipogenesis. A pharmacological mimetic of TIMP3 blocked the conversion of FAPs into adipocytes" SIGNOR-255906 AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130 16597412 t gcesareni "Endothelin-1 (et-1) and angiotensin ii (angii), two potent vasoactive peptides involved in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis, also induce mitogenic and pro-angiogenic responses in vitro and in vivo. Both peptides are produced by cleavage of inactive precursors by metalloproteases (endothelin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme, respectively) and activate two subtypes of membrane receptors (eta-r and etb-r for et-1, at1r and at2r for angii) that all belong to the superfamily of g-protein coupled receptors." SIGNOR-145677 GBE1 protein Q04446 UNIPROT α-D-glucosyl-glycogenin complex SIGNOR-C430 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26199317 t miannu "Glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) plays an essential role in glycogen biosynthesis by generating α-1,6-glucosidic branches from α-1,4-linked glucose chains, to increase solubility of the glycogen polymer. In eukaryotes, glycogenin (EC 2.4.1.186) initiates the synthesis of the linear glucan chain (2), which is elongated by glycogen synthase (GYS, EC 2.4.1.11) (3), functioning in concert with glycogen branching enzyme (GBE, EC 2.4.1.18) to introduce side chains" SIGNOR-267941 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral TRIB2 protein Q92519 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 20516212 t Luisa "ZEB2 is upregulated by serum and downregulates GAX, while the expression of miR-221 upregulates GAX and downregulates ZEB2." SIGNOR-268956 DLGAP3 protein O95886 UNIPROT SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264592 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258558 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 17668895 f gcesareni "Phosphorylation of creb by msk has been linked to the transcription of nur77, nor1 and c-fos downstream of mapk signalling in various cell types." SIGNOR-157154 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1189 QKGELSRsPSPFTHT 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-72083 ITGB6 protein P18564 UNIPROT "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253210 IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 12192055 t lperfetto "The n-terminal domain of ikkgamma is required both for the binding of ikkalfa and ikkbeta and their assembly into a high-molecular-weight complex essential for activation" SIGNOR-91705 RPL22 protein P35268 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262499 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser376 SSFPQSAsLPPYFSQ 9606 BTO:0000782 17353368 t lperfetto "The serine/threonine kinase hpk-1 phosphorylates serine 376 of slp-76 and induces the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins" SIGNOR-153613 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser116 KDIIRQPsEEEIIKL 9606 15916534 t gcesareni "Pea-15 is a phosphoprotein containing a ser-104 phosphorylated by protein kinase c and a ser-116 phosphorylated by camkii (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii) or akt. Phosphorylation of ser-104 is implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism, while phosphorylation at ser-116 is required for pea-15 recruitment to the disc (death-initiation signalling complex)" SIGNOR-137614 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser645 LNEKARLsYSDKNLI 10090 BTO:0000944 11959144 t "PP2A(c) displayed the highest specific activity towards PKCdelta. The role of PP2A(c) in the dephosphorylation of PKCdelta in cells was supported by the demonstration that these proteins could be co-immunoprecipitated from NIH3T3 cells.|In conclusion, the evidence here indicates that PKCdelta de-phosphorylation and hence inactivation is effected by PP2A with which it forms a complex" SIGNOR-248595 USP5 protein P45974 UNIPROT UBC protein P0CG48 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270822 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 11021798 f fspada "Constitutive gata-2 and gata-3 expression suppressed adipocyte differentiation and trapped cells at the preadipocyte stage." SIGNOR-78659 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT PDCD10 protein Q9BUL8 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 17657516 t gcesareni "We also show that ccm3 directly binds to serine/threonine kinase 25 (stk25, ysk1, sok1) and the phosphatase domain of fas-associated phosphatase-1 (fap-1, ptpn13, ptp-bas, ptp-bl)." SIGNOR-157076 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT AQP1 protein P29972 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr157 VLCVLATtDRRRRDL 9606 BTO:0000671 17522053 t llicata "Activation of protein kinase c (pkc) by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (oag) induced a marked increase of aqp1-dependent water permeability. This regulation was abolished in mutated aqp1 channels lacking both consensus pkc phosphorylation sites thr(157) and thr(239) (termed aqp1 deltapkc)." SIGNOR-155102 MMP7 protein P09237 UNIPROT DCN protein P07585 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu273 ANTPHLReLHLDNNK -1 9148753 t miannu "Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases. These data indicate proteolytic degradation of DCN by MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-7, and suggest the possibility that, under pathophysiological conditions, the digestion by the MMPs may induce tissue reactions mediated by TGF-beta1 released from DCN in the connective tissues." SIGNOR-256352 EPX protein P11678 UNIPROT EPX protein P11678 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" 9606 BTO:0000399 18694936 t miannu "Human eosinophils are bone marrow-derived, non-dividing granulocytes of the innate immune system, which store the highly cationic proteins eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in secondary granules. we demonstrated that Tyr nitration of the eosinophil granule proteins is exclusively mediated by EPO, in the presence of functional NADPH oxidase and minute amounts of NOx. EPO appears to nitrate itself via an autocatalytic mechanism." SIGNOR-261706 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12468433 t "We have also found SOCS2 and SOCS3 specifically induced in 32D/Flt3-ITD, both of which are STAT3/5 target genes and known negative regulators of receptor signaling" SIGNOR-261548 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT TPD52 protein P55327 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser176 KNSPTFKsFEEKVEN 9606 20946871 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate, using site-specific mutations, that ca(2+)-sensitive phosphorylation at serine 136 modulates the accumulation of d52 at the plasma membrane within 2 min of cell stimulation" SIGNOR-168550 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr24 LPRPRSCtWPLPRPE 9606 10377430 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that pkb/akt directly phosphorylates fkhr1, a member of the closely related fkhr subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors, on at least two residues (threonine-24 and serine-253). These results indicate that phosphorylation by pkbyakt negatively regulates fkhr1 by promoting export from the nucleus." SIGNOR-68656 MIF protein P14174 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16636133 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "MIF inhibits cytodifferentiation and hemoglobin synthesis of MEL cells." SIGNOR-251831 GPS1 protein Q13098 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270765 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr178 LKICDFGtACDIQTH -1 20538596 t lperfetto "Analyses of phosphorylation site mutants of the activation segment indicate that autophosphorylation of Ser-192 precedes TAB1 phosphorylation and is followed by sequential phosphorylation of Thr-178, Thr-187, and finally Thr-184. Finally, we present a model for the chronological order of events governing TAB1-induced TAK1 autoactivation." SIGNOR-227536 DOK4 protein Q8TEW6 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000671 12730241 t gcesareni "Insulin receptor-phosphorylated irs5/dok4 associates with rasgap, crk, src, and fyn, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85, grb2, shp-2, nck, or phospholipase cgamma src homology 2 domains, and activates mapk in cells." SIGNOR-100999 PRSS3 protein P35030 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Lys34 QGTNRSSkGRSLIGK -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263607 Wnt proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF40 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 17081971 f "The central player in the canonical Wnt cascade is β-catenin, a cytoplasmic protein whose stability is regulated by the destruction complex." SIGNOR-256240 PTPN22 protein Q9Y2R2 UNIPROT CD247 protein P20963 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16461343 t amattioni "T cell signaling is negatively regulated by the activity of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Native ptpn22 dephosphorylated tcrzeta in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-144337 ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 20921139 t lperfetto "When autophagy is induced, ulk1 phosphorylates ambra1, releasing the autophagy core complex from dynein. Its subsequent relocalization to the endoplasmic reticulum enables autophagosome nucleation. Ambra1-dlc1 dissociates from the dynein complex upon ulk1-dependent ambra1 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-219388 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser157 EHIERRVsNAGGPPA 9606 16197368 t llicata "We show that, in human platelets, vasp is phosphorylated by pkc on ser157, but not ser239, in response to phorbol ester stimulation, in a manner blocked by the pkc inhibitor bim i (bisindolylmaleimide i)." SIGNOR-140841 2-[[5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pentylidene]amino]oxyethanamine chemical CHEBI:93274 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258880 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser312 ASLKRSPsASSLSSM 9606 20519438 t lperfetto "Furthermore, by using phosphoproteomic analysis, we determined that s309 and s311 of clip-170 are phosphorylated in cells and mapped s311 as a protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylation site.phosphorylation of s311 may be critical for establishing the ?folded Back? Conformation of clip-170clip-170 open and folded back conformations represent active and inactive modes of the protein, respectively" SIGNOR-165857 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 BTO:0000093 10581258 t lperfetto "P38 regulates p53, but also in p53-defective tumor cells rewire their checkpoint response and become dependent in the p38/mk2 pathway in mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-72703 SPAG5 protein Q96R06 UNIPROT CENPF protein P49454 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 17664331 f lperfetto "Furthermore, although both the core kinetochore protein Hec1 and the spindle checkpoint kinase Bub1 were unaffected (Fig. 3 C), the kinetochore resident motor protein CENP-E (Yen et al., 1992) and its interaction partner CENP-F (Chan et al., 1998) were delocalized from the kinetochore in the absence of astrin. These cells remained cyclin B1 positive (unpublished data), confirming that they were still in mitosis. These data suggest that the presence of astrin is required for the kinetochore recruitment or maintenance of CENP-E and CENP-F." SIGNOR-252042 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser722 PRLRSVSsYGNIRAV 10090 SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR-C3 18439900 t lperfetto "These results suggest that AMPK activation can induce phosphorylation of both serine 722 and serine 792.|Raptor phosphorylation is required for inhibition of mTORC1 by AMPK" SIGNOR-263046 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PDE3A protein Q14432 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser312 SKSHRRTsLPCIPRE 9606 16153182 t llicata "Ser312 of pde3a was phosphorylated in an h-89-sensitive response to forskolin, indicative of phosphorylation by pka (camp-dependent protein kinase), but phosphorylation at this site did not stimulate 14-3-3 binding." SIGNOR-140289 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MGRN1 protein O60291 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271144 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18483217 f "PDGF signaling has been implicated in several fibrotic conditions and is assumed to play a role in driving proliferation of cells with a myofibroblast phenotype." SIGNOR-254373 caesium(1+) chemical CHEBI:49547 ChEBI KCNJ13 protein O60928 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9620703 t miannu "Figure 4 shows the response of Kir7.1 to increasing [Ba2+]o. The EC50 for Ba2+ block was 1 mM (Figure 4C), independent of the type of cell in which the channel was expressed. Other known inward rectifier K+ channels are sensitive to inhibition at much lower concentrations" SIGNOR-258926 MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20067416 f miannu "MMP-13 gene expression is regulated primarily at the transcriptional level. In this study, we investigated the role of c-maf in regulating MMP-13 transcription. Using transient transfection system with an c-maf construct, and MMP-13 promoter-luciferase constructs with specific mutations in transcription factor binding sites, we found that c-maf can significantly enhance MMP-13 promoter activity via the AP-1 sitecv" SIGNOR-254560 BRK1 protein Q8WUW1 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23939472 f lperfetto "We found that NRF-1 positively regulates FAM134C and ENOX1, but negatively regulates C3orf10 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells and primary rat cortical neurons. In IMR-32 cells, FAM134C positively regulates and C3orf10 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth, but ENOX1 plays no role in neurite outgrowth regulation. " SIGNOR-261491 motesanib chemical CHEBI:51098 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258253 LPAR5 protein Q9H1C0 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257113 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser407 STEQTLAsDTDSSLD 9606 11062067 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of thr-404 and ser-407 is not increased in response to other agonists that activate mkk7 and sapk1/jnk, suggesting that phosphorylation of these residues is catalysed by another protein kinase, such as ck2, which also phosphorylates thr-404 and ser-407 in vitro." SIGNOR-83711 VEZF1 protein Q14119 UNIPROT EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004294 11504723 t miannu "Vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (Vezf1)/DB1 is a recently identified zinc finger-containing protein that is expressed specifically within endothelial cells during development. In this report, we demonstrate that Vezf1/DB1 is a nuclear localizing protein that potently and specifically activates transcription mediated by the human endothelin-1 promoter, in a Tax-independent manner, in transient transfection assays. Regulation of endothelin-1 promoter activity by Vezf1/DB1 provides a mechanism for endothelin-1 expression in the vascular endothelium during development and to maintain vascular tone" SIGNOR-266884 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser636 SGDYMPMsPKSVSAP 10090 15306821 t lperfetto "Nevertheless, s6k1-deficient mice remain sensitive to insulin owing to the apparent loss of a negative feedback loop from s6k1 to insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs1), which blunts s307 and s636/s639 phosphorylation; thus under conditions of nutrient satiation s6k1 negatively regulatesinsulin." SIGNOR-127912 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT PARD3 protein Q8TEW0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser827 REGFGRQsMSEKRTK 9606 12390250 t gcesareni "These results imply that serine 827 in the apkc binding site of par-3 is a target of apkc and that the regulated interaction between a protein kinase, apkc, and its substrate, par-3, plays an essential role in the establishment of cell polarity" SIGNOR-94523 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser6 sQLDSDFS 9606 12697768 t llicata "To examine whether the respective sq sites become phosphorylated in vivo, we raised polyclonal antibodies against phosphorylated ser-6 (anti-s6p), phosphorylated ser-25 and ser-29 (anti-s25p/29p), and phosphorylated ser-784 (anti-s784p). All affinity-purified antisera recognized 53bp1" SIGNOR-100649 SLC16A4 protein O15374 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 26384349 f lperfetto "Treatment with _-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamate (CHC), a known inhibitor of MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4, dose-dependently induced cell death in MM cell lines and primary MM cells (Figure 1C). Thus, monocarboxylate transportation across membranes appears crucial for MM cell survival." SIGNOR-256582 IKZF2 protein Q9UKS7 UNIPROT LNPEP protein Q9UIQ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003420 15894523 f miannu "Activator protein-2 (AP-2) and Ikaros transcription factors play significant roles in exerting high promoter activity of P-LAP/OTase in the trophoblastic cells. Moreover, P-LAP/OTase is transcriptionally regulated in a trophoblast-differentiation-dependent fashion via up-regulation of AP-2, putatively AP-2alpha." SIGNOR-255404 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr386 YRARVANyQRDGPMC 9606 12777400 t Manara "These findings indicate that (i) ABL1 and Arg activate catalase by phosphorylation at both Tyr231 and Tyr386" SIGNOR-260772 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT KCNK3 protein O14649 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser393 GLMKRRSsV 9606 21357689 t gcesareni "The chaperone protein, 14-3-3, binds to a critical phosphorylated serine in the channel c termini of k2p3.1 and k2p9.1 (ser(393) and ser(373), respectively) and overcomes retention in the endoplasmic reticulum by ?COP. We sought to identify the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of the terminal serine in human and rat variants of k2p3.1 and k2p9.1. Adopting a bioinformatic approach, three candidate protein kinases were identified: camp-dependent protein kinase, ribosomal s6 kinase, and protein kinase c." SIGNOR-172470 SIRT3 protein Q9NTG7 UNIPROT CYP11A1 protein P05108 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deacetylation Lys149 KKSAAWKkDRVALNQ 9606 BTO:0002588 22585829 t lperfetto "Resveratrol stimulates cortisol biosynthesis by activating SIRT-dependent deacetylation of P450scc.|Stable overexpression of SIRT3 abrogates the cellular content of acetylated P450scc, concomitant with an increase in P450scc protein expression and cortisol secretion. Mutation of K148 and K149 to alanine stabilizes the expression of P450scc and results in a 1.5-fold increase in pregnenolone biosynthesis." SIGNOR-268718 "Translation release factor ERF1-ERF3" complex SIGNOR-C494 SIGNOR 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 28368393 t miannu "The essential ATP-binding cassette protein ABCE1 splits 80S ribosomes into 60S and 40S subunits after canonical termination or quality-control-based mRNA surveillance processes. Compared to the pre-splitting state, we observe repositioning of ABCE1's iron-sulfur cluster domain, which rotates 150° into a binding pocket on the 40S subunit. This repositioning explains a newly observed anti-association activity of ABCE1. Notably, the movement implies a collision with A-site factors, thus explaining the splitting mechanism." SIGNOR-270817 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser294 QLSKWPGsPTSRSSD 9606 18204439 t lperfetto "Here, we show that erk downregulates forkhead box o 3a (foxo3a) by directly interacting with and phosphorylating foxo3a at ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425, which consequently promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesisMDM2 is required for ERk-mediated FOXO3a degradation." SIGNOR-160407 NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16923394 f miannu "Impairing Egr-2 or Nab-2 induction resulted in sustained expression of Gfi-1, demonstrating that Egr-2 and Nab-2 negatively regulate Gfi-1 expression . Importantly, the Gfi-1 promoter was repressed via the Egr site by coexpression of Egr-2 and Nab-2. Thus, Egr-2 and Nab-2 directly repress the Gfi-1 gene." SIGNOR-256042 idarubicin chemical CHEBI:42068 ChEBI TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20824055 t miannu "Topoisomerase II (Top2) is a nuclear enzyme involved in several metabolic processes of DNA. Chemotherapy agents that poison Top2 are known to induce persistent protein-mediated DNA double strand breaks (DSB). In this report, by using knock down experiments, we demonstrated that Top2α was largely responsible for the induction of γH2AX and cytotoxicity by the Top2 poisons idarubicin and etoposide in normal human cells." SIGNOR-259328 nilotinib chemical CHEBI:52172 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258257 SLC36A2 protein Q495M3 UNIPROT alanine smallmolecule CHEBI:16449 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12748860 t lperfetto "Both PAT1 and PAT2 mediate 1:1 symport of protons and small neutral amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.|The first member of the SLC36 family, present in both intracellular and plasma membranes, was identified independently as a lysosomal amino acid transporter (LYAAT1) responsible for the export of lysosomal proteolysis products into the cytosol and as a proton/amino acid transporter (PAT1) responsible for the absorption of amino acids in the gut." SIGNOR-264740 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2E2 protein Q96LR5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271351 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2A protein P49459 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271361 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser139 EEWTRHGsFVNKPTR 10090 BTO:0000944 12052829 t lperfetto "Among them, Ser(29) in p52(Shc) (equivalent to Ser(138) in p66(Shc)) was phosphorylated only after TPA stimulation. Phosphorylation of this site together with the intact phosphotyrosine-binding domain was essential for ShcA binding to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST. TPA-induced ShcA phosphorylation at this site (and hence, its association with PTP-PEST) was inhibited by a protein kinase C-specific inhibitor and was induced by overexpression of constitutively active mutants of protein kinase Calpha, -epsilon, and -delta isoforms." SIGNOR-263047 tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29174 ChEBI Ile-tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29160 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270425 PTGER4 protein P35408 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257032 IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000156 11259577 t lperfetto "Association ofinsulinreceptor substrate 1 (irs-1) y895 with grb-2 mediates theinsulinsignaling involved in irs-1-deficient brown adipocyte mitogenesis." SIGNOR-236614 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr668 ENLDLKLtPYKVLAT 9606 BTO:0000007 20513426 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Vps34 on Thr159 inhibits its interaction with Beclin 1. two additional amino acids in Vps34, Thr159 and Thr668, were found to be phosphorylated only after co-transfection with Cdk5/p25" SIGNOR-259811 PICK1 protein Q9NRD5 UNIPROT GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 25784538 t miannu "RAB39B directs GluA2 trafficking in neurons. GTP-bound RAB39B interacts with PICK1. In line with evidence that PICK1 can dimerize, the structural model suggests that dimerization of PICK1 is a prerequisite for simultaneous recognition of both RAB39B and GluA2 each by one of the PICK1 molecules in the PICK1 dimer (Fig. 6a–c). The existence of such complex is supported by our co-immunoprecipitation experiments shown above." SIGNOR-264046 TAF3 protein Q5VWG9 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263930 KPC complex SIGNOR-C523 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 15531880 t miannu " We now describe a previously unidentified E3 complex: KPC (Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex), consisting of KPC1 and KPC2. KPC1 contains a RING-finger domain, and KPC2 contains a ubiquitin-like domain and two ubiquitin-associated domains. KPC interacts with and ubiquitinates p27(Kip1) and is localized to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of KPC promoted the degradation of p27(Kip1), whereas a dominant-negative mutant of KPC1 delayed p27(Kip1) degradation.  Polyubiquitination activity of KPC was apparent with only Ubc4 or UbcH5A." SIGNOR-271513 RAB7A protein P51149 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" BTO:0001131 14617358 t Sara "The p150 adapter protein is in a complex with rab7. The hVPS34/p150 complex colocalized with rab7 on late endosomes and hVPS34 activity was dependent on nucleotide cycling of rab7" SIGNOR-261302 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT NR1H2 protein P55055 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 12198243 f gcesareni "Here we show that shp can interact with the liver x receptors lxr? (nr1h3) and lxr? (nr1h2), as demonstrated by glutathione-s-transferase pull-down assays, mammalian two-hybrid, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. In transfection assays, shp inhibits the expression of an artificial reporter driven by an lxr-response element and represses the transcriptional activation by lxr of the human atp-binding cassette transporter 1 (abca1) promoter. T" SIGNOR-91901 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1948 SPTSPGYsPTSPTYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203608 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 19056373 t gcesareni "These results indicate that phosphorylation of Gli2 by PKA induces Gli2 processing and destabilization" SIGNOR-182573 clenbuterol chemical CHEBI:174690 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257862 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271286 H2AC4 protein P04908 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C324 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t miannu "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-263719 VEGFD protein O43915 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252278 SEPTIN12 protein Q8IYM1 UNIPROT SEPTIN6 protein Q14141 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18047794 t miannu "Sept12 interacts with sept6 and this interaction alters the filament structure of sept6 in hela cells." SIGNOR-159537 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TBC1D4 protein O60343 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser588 RMRGRLGsVDSFERS 10090 BTO:0000011 11994271 t gcesareni "To determine directly whether AS160 was a substrate for Akt, we examined the phosphorylation of recombinant AS160, as well as mutant forms with Ser-588, Thr-642, or both converted to Ala, by recombinant Akt 1." SIGNOR-245268 TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8069916 t lperfetto "Our analysis indicates that traf1 and traf2 are associated with the cytoplasmic domain of tnf-r2 in a heterodimeric complex in which traf2 contacts the receptor directly." SIGNOR-34645 ATP6V1H protein Q9UI12 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004122 29782852 t miannu "ATP6V1H interacts with TGF-β receptor I and AP-2 complex to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs." SIGNOR-266886 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser77 SEEMVPSsPSPPPPP 9534 10748061 t Luana "RARg Is Phosphorylated by cdk7 in Its B and F Regions | Mutation into alanine of Ser-77 and Ser-79 located in the A/B region reduced the transcriptional activity of hRARg1 (Fig. 9A), confirming that these phosphorylation sites are required for optimal transcription." SIGNOR-259853 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex I" complex SIGNOR-C242 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30397185 t lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260316 EDA protein Q92838 UNIPROT EDA2R protein Q9HAV5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 12084975 t gcesareni "Identification of the major product of the eda gene (ectodysplasin a), a protein belonging to a group of tnf ligands, and molecular cloning of the cdna, encoding its receptor (edar), a member of the tnf receptor family, are presented. The role of an alternative eda receptor, localised on the x chromosome (xedar) in the developmental control of the differentiation of skin appendages, is discussed." SIGNOR-90040 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT LDLR protein P01130 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000398 21123766 f miannu "Recent studies have demonstrated that PCSK9 mRNA expression was upregulated to a greater extent than that of the LDL receptor in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Our findings also support the role of SREBP-2 as a transcriptional regulator of both the LDL receptor and PCSK9 in human enterocytes." SIGNOR-254454 miR-146a mirna URS000075D8A0_9606 RNAcentral CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 20516212 f Luisa "MiR-221 strongly upregulated GAX.ZEB2 is upregulated by serum and downregulates GAX, while the expression of miR-221 upregulates GAX and downregulates ZEB2." SIGNOR-268952 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser391 GAATPRTsQFTKYWT 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-141002 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT NOC3L protein Q8WTT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9823 BTO:0003298 23611667 t "The expression level of FAD24 is inversely associated with that of HES1 in porcine MSCs after adipogenic induction. Enforced overexpression of HES1 in MSCs during the early stage of adipogenesis significantly repressed the transcription of FAD24 (P < 0.01) and the other pro-adipogenic genes" SIGNOR-253059 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR IRF2BP2 protein Q7Z5L9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271128 PRPF8 protein Q6P2Q9 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270641 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser146 MEPERRDsQDGSSYR -1 12432067 t miannu "Lasp-1 binds to non-muscle filamentous (F) actin in vitro in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of recombinant lasp-1 with recombinant PKA increased the Kd and decreased the Bmax for lasp-1 binding to F-actin. PKA-dependent phosphorylation sites in rabbit lasp-1 to S99 and S146" SIGNOR-250074 EXOC3 protein O60645 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270778 GPR174 protein Q9BXC1 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256900 INCENP protein Q9NQS7 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12925766 t gcesareni "Using recombinant proteins, we found that aurora b kinase activity was stimulated by incenp and that the c-terminal region of incenp was sufficient for activation." SIGNOR-86218 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255530 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8195171 t gcesareni "In this study, we have characterized the interaction between the pdgf beta-receptor and shc. multiple autophosphorylation sites in the pdgf beta-receptor are responsible for the binding of shc." SIGNOR-36906 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1406 CSGAGGRrLSSFVTK -1 4092695 t lperfetto "Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates two serine residues on the protein termed sites 1 and 2| Site 1: Arg-Leu-Ser(P)-Ser-Phe-Val-Thr-Lys Site 2: Ile-His-Arg-Ala-Ser(P)-Asp-Pro-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Glu-Glu-Pro-Lys | Both phosphorylation and activation can be reversed using purified preparations of the catalytic subunits of protein phosphatases 1- and -2A, and inactivation also correlates better with dephosphorylation of site 1 rather than site 2." SIGNOR-263741 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 10617630 t lperfetto "In vitro experiments and two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping provided further evidence that serine 129 was phosphorylated by ck-1 and ck-2. Moreover, phosphorylation of serine 129 was reduced in vivo upon inhibition of ck-1 or ck-2.| together, these data may indicate that ck-1 and ck-2 are involved in the regulation of neuronal function and one may speculate that phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein could affect its binding to membranes." SIGNOR-73803 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT MYO5A protein Q9Y4I1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1650 PTGLRKRtSSIADEG 10090 BTO:0000944 17515613 t miannu "Here we identify an Akt consensus phosphorylation motif in the actin-based motor protein myosin 5a and show that insulin stimulation leads to phosphorylation of myosin 5a at serine 1650. This Akt-mediated phosphorylation event enhances the ability of myosin 5a to interact with the actin cytoskeleton.Taken together, these data indicate that myosin 5a is a newly identified direct substrate of Akt2 and, upon insulin stimulation, phosphorylated myosin 5a facilitates anterograde movement of GLUT4 vesicles along actin to the cell surface." SIGNOR-262632 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11368516 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Shp (short heterodimer partner) is an orphan nuclear receptor lacking a dna binding domain that interacts with nuclear receptors (nr) including thyroid receptor (tr), retinoic acid receptors (rar and rxr), and estrogen receptors alpha and beta (eralpha and erbeta). Shp acts as a negative regulator of these receptors by inhibiting dna binding and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-270298 linifanib chemical CHEBI:91435 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258242 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT GMPS protein P49915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599;BTO:0003477;BTO:0001670 27939741 t miannu "Herein, we identified GMP synthetase (GMPS), a key enzyme of de novo purine biosynthesis, as an important p53 repression target using a large-scale proteomics approach. This p53-mediated repression of GMPS could be validated by immunoblotting in Sk-Hep1, HepG2, and HuH6 cells." SIGNOR-267342 HAT1 protein O14929 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys13 KGGKGLGkGGAKRHR -1 28143904 t lperfetto "Histone acetyltransferase 1 is the founding member of the histone acetyltransferase superfamily and catalyzes lysine acetylation of newly synthesized histone H4|Lys12 for direct attack of the acetyl group of the cofactor.| It is postulated that histone acetylation, through charge neutralization of the cationic histone tails, weakens nucleosomal electrostatic interactions with anionic DNA, thus destabilizing internucleosomal contacts and nucleosomal structure and facilitating access to the promoter region for RNA polymerase and transcription factors." SIGNOR-264790 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 17210636 t gcesareni "These results identify TCPTP as a physiological regulator of STAT6 phosphorylation and suggest that specific increases in TCPTP expression in ABC-like DLBCLs may contribute to the different biological characteristics of these tumors" SIGNOR-235192 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser778 GRRSPTSsPTPQRRA -1 12855954 t llicata "Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) phosphorylates dynamin I on Ser 774 and Ser 778 in vitro, which are identical to its endogenous phosphorylation sites in vivo. Cdk5 antagonists and expression of dominant-negative Cdk5 block phosphorylation of dynamin I, but not of amphiphysin or AP180, in nerve terminals and inhibit SVE. " SIGNOR-250662 diethylstilbestrol chemical CHEBI:41922 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258598 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser396 TAVHKSKsLKDLVSA 9606 21459323 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that ampk interacts with and directly phosphorylates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (srebp-1c and -2). Ser372" SIGNOR-216533 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 19851336 t lperfetto "More than a dozen kinases have been reported to phosphorylate the rlcs of nm ii (fig. 2), including myosin light chain kinase (mlck;also known as mylk), rho-associated, coiled coil-containing kinase (rock), citron kinase, leucine zipper interacting kinase (zipk;also known as dapk3) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related cdc42-binding kinase (mrck;also known as cdc42bp)6,34,45,46. These kinases phosphorylate rlcs on ser19, thr18 or both, to relieve the inhibition imposed on the myosin molecule by unphosphorylated rlcs and the head_head interaction outlined above." SIGNOR-188789 MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257326 SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 12815054 f ggiuliani "Over-expression of Smad1 or Smad5, mediators of BMP-signaling, also induced Dlx5 expression even in the absence of BMP-2 treatment concomitant with positive ALP staining" SIGNOR-255837 TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT LNPEP protein Q9UIQ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003420 15894523 f miannu "Activator protein-2 (AP-2) and Ikaros transcription factors play significant roles in exerting high promoter activity of P-LAP/OTase in the trophoblastic cells. Moreover, P-LAP/OTase is transcriptionally regulated in a trophoblast-differentiation-dependent fashion via up-regulation of AP-2, putatively AP-2alpha." SIGNOR-255402 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT POLD3 protein Q15054 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser458 GKANRQVsITGFFQR 9606 22148433 t llicata "In this study, we identified s458, located in the pcna-interacting protein (pip-box) motif of p68, as a phosphorylation site for pka. Phosphomimetic mutation of s458 resulted in a decrease in p68 affinity for pcna as well as the processivity of pol _." SIGNOR-195203 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 KGFRRAVsELDAKQA -1 11359875 t miannu "MAPKAP-K2 phosphorylates both Ser19 and Ser40 of TH. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) has been reported to require binding of 14-3-3 proteins for optimal activation by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250149 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254726 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT ALPL protein P05186 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "FGF-2 null mice have impaired nuclear accumulation of Runx2 and hindered BMP-2 induced bone formation and ALP activity" SIGNOR-114589 RFC5 protein P40937 UNIPROT "RF-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C375 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12930972 t lperfetto "RF‐C, a complex of five subunits, is conserved in all eukaryotes (reviewed in 5). In yeast, all subunits of RF‐C are essential for viability. The genes encoding all five subunits of mammalian RF‐C (145, 40, 38, 37 and 36 kDa) have been cloned" SIGNOR-265509 NDUFS6 protein O75380 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262180 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity" SIGNOR-252905 FBXL12 protein Q9NXK8 UNIPROT ALDH3A1 protein P30838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0001078 26124079 t miannu "We now show that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 for the ALDH3 family of enzymes. We now show that the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ALDH3 mediated by FBXL12 (F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12) is essential for execution of the differentiation program of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). FBXL12 is present only in eutherian mammals, and its expression is largely restricted to the placenta during mouse embryogenesis. FBXL12 was found to interact specifically with members of the ALDH3 family and to mediate their polyubiquitylation. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that FBXL12 interacted efficiently only with members of the ALDH3 family (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, and ALDH3B1), showing little if any association with those of the ALDH1 family (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3) (Fig. 2H). Collectively, these results suggested that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 specific for ALDH3 family members." SIGNOR-272813 LSM7 protein Q9UK45 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270647 NCOR1 protein O75376 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22395773 t FFerrentino "In differentiated adipocyte cell lines, SIRT1 inhibits adipogenesis and enhances fat mobilization through lipolysis by suppressing the activity of PPARγ. SIRT1 achieves this by promoting the assembly of a corepressor complex, involving NCoR1 and SMRT, on the promoters of PPARγ target genes to repress their transcription." SIGNOR-253507 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR SLC11A1 protein P49279 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 11909746 f "Functional studies in Nramp1 transfected macrophages have demonstrated that the Nramp1 protein plays a vital role in early macrophage activation [10,29,30]. Nramp1 is constitutively expressed in macrophage cell lines of the myeloid lineage (isolated peritoneal, splenic, and liver resident macrophages), and can be induced by treatment of macrophages with IFN-γ, or IFN-γ plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)" SIGNOR-254039 "Golimumab (Simponi)" antibody DB06674 DRUGBANK TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 33369527 t "Golimumab is a transgenic anti-TNF monoclonal antibody that acts primarily by targeting and neutralizing TNF, thus preventing inflammation." SIGNOR-272491 CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257351 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 17673906 f lperfetto "We report that upon TGF__ stimulation, the activated TGF__ type I receptor (T_RI) recruits and directly phosphorylates ShcA proteins on tyrosine and serine. This dual phosphorylation results from an intrinsic T_RI tyrosine kinase activity that complements its well_defined serine_threonine kinase function. TGF___induced ShcA phosphorylation induces ShcA association with Grb2 and Sos, thereby initiating the well_characterised pathway linking receptor tyrosine kinases with Erk MAP kinases." SIGNOR-242625 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000443 12270934 t lperfetto "Mek1 as indicated by extensive phosphorylation of erk1 and erk2 during the initial 2 h of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-244795 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT CCNA1 protein P78396 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12226744 f miannu "We show that the ectopic expression of wild-type hsnf5/ini1, but not that of truncated versions, leads to a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the entry into s phase of mrt cells. This g1 arrest is associated with down-regulation of a subset of e2f targets including cyclin a, e2f1 and cdc6." SIGNOR-92779 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT HIP1 protein O00291 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11007801 f miannu "Hip-1 activity was found to be independent of the ded-containing caspase 8 but was significantly inhibited by the antiapoptotic protein bcl-x(l), implicating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in hip-1-induced cell death." SIGNOR-82460 RAPH1 protein Q70E73 UNIPROT ENAH protein Q8N8S7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20417104 t miannu "Here we show that Lpd is a substrate of Abl kinases and binds to the Abl SH2 domain. Phosphorylation of Lpd positively regulates the interaction between Lpd and Ena/VASP proteins." SIGNOR-268425 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser487 AAISRELsEITTAEA 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Here we show that ikkbeta, a major downstream kinase in the tnfalpha signaling pathway, physically interacts with and phosphorylates tsc1 at ser487 and ser511, resulting in suppression of tsc1phosphorylation of tsc2 (by akt and erk;refs. 28, 29) and tsc1(by ikkbeta;ref. 30) results in the disruption of the tsc1/2 complex, and thereby activates the oncogenic mtor signaling contributing to tumor progression." SIGNOR-183688 EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr839 LAYGERPyWNMTNRD 9606 BTO:0000007 10498895 t "Tyr-615 and Tyr-838 are major autophosphorylation sites of the EphA8 receptor. phosphorylation of Tyr-615 is critical for determining the association with Fyn whereas the integrity of Tyr-838 phosphorylation is required for efficient phosphorylation at Tyr-615 as well as other major sites." SIGNOR-251121 MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT MYH1 protein P12882 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238751 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr288 APSSRRTtLCGTLDY 9606 24867643 t lperfetto "The upstream pak1 kinase can phosphorylate aurora a at t288, autophosphorylation appears to be the essential mode of activation. Our experiments suggest that phosphorylation of t288 is important for regulation of the aurora2 kinase both for its activity and its stability" SIGNOR-205106 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser502 YFLQRRPsMKTLFVD 9606 BTO:0000007 11884385 t lperfetto "Direct phosphorylation of capsaicin receptor VR1 by protein kinase Cepsilon and identification of two target serine residues. | Patch clamp analysis of the point mutants where Ser or Thr residues were replaced with Ala in the total 16 putative phosphorylation sites showed that two Ser residues, Ser(502) and Ser(800) were involved in the potentiation of the capsaicin-evoked currents by either PMA or ATP." SIGNOR-249141 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr581 PDNQPLKtPCFTLHY 9606 BTO:0000887 11940578 t gcesareni "Together, our in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the pkc/c-raf/mek/erk pathway plays a major role in the s6k1 activation in hypertrophic cardiac growth." SIGNOR-116489 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20153295 f lperfetto "We found that the expression of myf5 and cyclind1 remained significantly elevated upon induction of differentiation in cells that were overexpressing hyap1 s127a compared to cells transfected with wildtype hyap and empty vector;yap directly induced the transcription of ccnd1 and foxm1, in cooperation with tead transcription factor." SIGNOR-235599 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT CD14 protein P08571 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12393465 f apalma "In patients with t(8;21), expression of the cell surface markers CD11b, CD14, and CD64 was less in comparison to patients without t(8;21) (Figure 5B). CD14 and CD64 promoters have putative PU.1 binding sites but not AML1-, C/EBPα-, or MEF-binding sites suggesting that down-regulation of the function of PU.1 by AML1-ETO could possibly be an important step in progression toward leukemia." SIGNOR-255696 HERC2 protein O95714 UNIPROT USP20 protein Q9Y2K6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 25355518 t miannu "USP20 is regulated by HERC2 following DNA damage or replication stress.The HECT domain of WT HERC but not the catalytic inactive mutant (CA) ubiquitinated USP20 in vitro (Figure ​(Figure4G).4G). Taken together, these results suggested that HERC2 functions as an E3 ligase of USP20 and negatively regulates USP20 in unstressed cells." SIGNOR-272820 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr806 PLLLIVEyAKYGSLR 9606 14711813 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr(806), tyr(809), tyr(900), tyr(905), tyr(981), tyr(1062), tyr(1090), and tyr(1096) were autophosphorylation sites. these facts suggest that tyr806 and tyr809, located in this unique position, play a novel supplemental role for the activation loop upon phosphorylation." SIGNOR-121153 DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11006133 t gcesareni "These results suggest that delta1, jagged1, and jagged2 are ligands for notch1 and notch3 receptors." SIGNOR-82398 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT BSG protein P35613 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28117675 t miannu "FBXO22 mediates poly-ubiquitination and degradation of CD147. Classically, F-box protein together with Skp1 and Cullin 1 constitute Skp-Cullin-F box ubiquitin E3 ligase (SCFs)" SIGNOR-272787 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ARFIP2 protein P53365 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser260 GTRGRLEsAQATFQA 9606 BTO:0000938 15809304 t llicata "Akt phosphorylated arfaptin 2 at ser(260). we have also demonstrated that arfaptin 2 phosphorylation restores proteasome activity that is inhibited by the presence of polyq-huntingtin in cells." SIGNOR-252476 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser737 PEEIIVLsDSD 9606 21474068 t lperfetto "Daxx-sim is phosphorylated by ck2 kinase at residues s737 and s739. Phosphorylation promotes daxx-sim binding affinity toward sumo-1 over sumo-2/3, causing daxx preference for sumo-1 conjugation and interaction with sumo-1-modified factors." SIGNOR-173105 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT CDKN2D protein P55273 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26350239 f miannu "Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to investigate the effect of DNMT3A on p18INK4C expression, along with the other INK4 members, including p15INK4B, p16INK4A and p19INK4D. The results showed that the depletion of DNMT3A increased the transcriptional levels of the four members of the INK4 family" SIGNOR-261510 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT APLP2 protein Q06481 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr736 VEVDPMLtPEERHLN 9606 14970211 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at the thr(668) residue of app (with respect to the numbering conversion for the app 695 isoform) and the thr(736) residue of aplp2 (with respect to the numbering conversion for the aplp2 763 isoform) in their cytoplasmic domains acts as a molecular switch for their protein-protein interaction and is implicated in neural function(s) and/or alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate that both app and aplp2 can be phosphorylated by jnk at the thr(668) and thr(736) residues, respectively, in response to cellular stress." SIGNOR-122196 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15507492 t "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-267759 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser70 EAMNYEGsPIKVTLA 9606 BTO:0001271 19933706 t gcesareni "Simultaneous inactivation of two cdk phosphorylation sites at ser10 and ser70 (npm-aa) induced g(2)/m cell cycle arrest, phosphorylation of cdk1 at tyr15 (cdc2(tyr15)) and increased cytoplasmic accumulation of cdc25c." SIGNOR-161805 EIF2B4 protein Q9UI10 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269142 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-249135 YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16429158 t miannu "YARS (also known as TyrRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism. Tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl-adenylate and is then transferred to tRNATyr" SIGNOR-270520 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT MXD1 protein Q05195 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser145 IERIRMDsIGSTVSS 9606 18451027 t llicata "Both rsk and s6k phosphorylate serine 145 of mad1 upon serum or insulin stimulation. Ser-145 phosphorylation of mad1 accelerates the ubiquitination and degradation of mad1 through the 26s proteasome pathway, which in turn promotes the transcriptional activity of myc." SIGNOR-178590 FBH1 protein Q8NFZ0 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 25585578 t miannu "The F-box DNA helicase 1 (FBH1) is a 3'-5' DNA helicase with a putative function as a negative regulator of HR. It is the only known DNA helicase to contain an F-box, suggesting that one of its functions is to act as a ubiquitin ligase as part of an SCF (SKP1, CUL1 and F-box) complex. Here we report that the central player in HR, RAD51, is ubiquitylated by the SCF(FBH1) complex. Expression of an ubiquitylation-resistant form of RAD51 in human cells leads to hyperrecombination, as well as several phenotypes indicative of an altered response to DNA replication stress. However, K58/64R RAD51 was ubiquitylated much less efficiently by FBH1 in vitro than was wild-type (WT) RAD51 (Fig. 1d), confirming that the primary sites of modification by FBH1 on RAD51 are K58 and K64." SIGNOR-272451 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT UBE2J1 protein Q9Y385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser184 KELARQIsFKAEVNS 9606 BTO:0000567 24020373 t miannu "Endoplasmic reticulum-associated ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ube2j1 is a novel substrate of MK2 (MAPKAP kinase-2) involved in MK2-mediated TNFα production. These findings strongly suggest that MK2 directly phosphorylates Ube2j1 at Ser(184) upon p38-activating stress in vivo." SIGNOR-263091 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr319 TSVYESPySDPEELK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254734 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT Monocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH101 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000725 17041602 f miannu "These results show that restoration of c-Jun expression rescues the myelomonocytic differentiation block in preleukemic PU.1-knockdown bone marrow cells, suggesting that c-Jun is a critical downstream target in PU.1-knockdown HSCs." SIGNOR-256066 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY3 protein O60266 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-204034 KIF19 protein Q2TAC6 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272532 miR-199a mirna URS0000759977_9606 RNAcentral RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 21986534 t "This overexpression of miR-155 may suppress the expression of C/EBPβ and CREB by directly targeting their 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs)" SIGNOR-255936 CDK11B protein P21127 UNIPROT EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser46 PAAAPASsSDPAAAA 9606 12446680 t lperfetto "The interaction between cdk11p46 and eif3 p47 occurs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, cdk11 protein kinase isolated from cells undergoing apoptosis can phosphorylate eif3 p47in vitro, and serine phosphorylation of eif3 p47 occurs in cells during apoptosis.Purified recombinant cdk11p46 inhibited translation of a reporter gene in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.These data suggest that the function of the caspase-processed cdk11p110 isoform may be to inhibit translation during apoptosis. However, whether or not this inhibition of protein translation occurs in an eif3 p47-dependent or -independent manner remains to be clarified." SIGNOR-95762 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT BIN1 protein O00499 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252178 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8142649 f Regulation miannu "Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta) have both been shown to act on hematopoietic progenitor cells. bFGF antagonized the TGF-beta-mediated induction of hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner, with 0.1 ng/mL bFGF inhibiting hemoglobin induction by 40% and 10 ng/mL bFGF completely abrogating hemoglobin production." SIGNOR-251797 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "In contrast, ERK2 phosphorylated all four Smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for S204 over S208 and S213 in Smad3" SIGNOR-161698 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257359 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr2055 MAFSILNtPKKLGNS 9606 23921553 t llicata "Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation at t2055 negatively regulates numa cortical localization and that this phosphorylation is counteracted by ppp2ca phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-194825 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1034 AIETDKEyYTVKDDR 10090 11909529 t "The T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase is a negative regulator of janus family kinases 1 and 3|We have identified JAK1 and JAK3 as physiological substrates of TCPTP.| Using a site-specific antibody directed against the activation loop phosphotyrosines in JAK1 (pY1022/pY1023), we found that these sites were in fact dephosphorylated by TCPTP" SIGNOR-248395 VAC14 protein Q08AM6 UNIPROT "PAS complex" complex SIGNOR-C190 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17556371 t miannu "Here we have identified and characterized Sac3, a Sac domain phosphatase, as the Fig4 mammalian counterpart. Endogenous Sac3, a widespread 97-kDa protein, formed a stable ternary complex with ArPIKfyve and PIKfyve. Sac3 assembles with PIKfyve and ArPIKfyve in a stable ternary complex and controls PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels." SIGNOR-253530 APLNR protein P35414 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256824 AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 21145499 t milica "Because we found that multiple domains of taz/yap interacted with multiple components of the crumbs complex, which include pals1, lin7c, patj, and the crumbs regulator amot, we propose that this multifactoral interaction serves to ensure that assembly of the hippo pathway and efficient phosphorylation of taz/yap is coupled only by the assembly of the crumbs complex, rather than by any single component." SIGNOR-170361 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys371 DFIKTTVkELIS 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272835 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser272 FSGIESSsPEVKGYW 9606 17475908 t miannu "We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B)." SIGNOR-262916 (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15801 ChEBI TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001883 29090344 t miannu "Various studies have tried to investigate how the accumulation of R2-HG promotes leukemogenesis in cooperation with other frequently observed mutations in AML. An important role appears to be the ability of R2-HG to competitively inhibit multiple αKG-dependent dioxygenases. While TET2 normally catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), inhibition of TET2 by R2-HG has been found to result in a hypermethylated gene signature in HSPCs, which overlaps with the signatures of both IDH and TET2-mutated leukemic cells." SIGNOR-261829 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268700 HOXD10 protein P28358 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9343407 t 2 miannu "We now show that the Hoxa-9 protein physically interacts with Meis1 proteins. Hox proteins from the other AbdB-like paralogs, Hoxa-10, Hoxa-11, Hoxd-12, and Hoxb-13, also form DNA binding complexes with Meis1b. DNA binding complexes formed by Meis1 with Hox proteins dissociate much more slowly than DNA complexes with Meis1 alone, suggesting that Hox proteins stabilize the interactions of Meis1 proteins with their DNA targets." SIGNOR-241226 NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 19879762 t lperfetto "BH3-only proteins containing only a single BH domain and including Puma, Noxa, Bid and Bad as well as other factors are particularly important for such neutralisation, binding and regulating the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins to promote apoptosis" SIGNOR-209684 ZDHHC2 protein Q9UIJ5 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation Cys3 cLCIVTTK 9606 23836932 t "Plasma membrane targeting of DHHC2 palmitoyltransferase rapidly recruited PSD-95 to the plasma membrane and proved essential for postsynaptic nanodomain formation." SIGNOR-262296 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 18480413 t gcesareni "The c-terminal polybasic motif of rac1 is responsible for direct interaction with pa," SIGNOR-178632 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT HOXB1 protein P14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8890171 t miannu "We show that HMG1 interacts with proteins encoded by the HOX gene family by establishing protein-protein contacts between the HMG box domains and the HOX homeodomain. The functional role of these interactions was studied using the transcriptional activity of the human HOXD9 protein as a model. HMG1 enhances, in a dose-dependent fashion, the sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro, and the transcriptional activation in a co-transfection assay in vivo, of the HOXD9 protein." SIGNOR-219853 tacedinaline chemical CHEBI:90195 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258008 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT ALDOA protein P04075 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8955077 f miannu "we characterize hypoxia response elements in the promoters of the ALDA, ENO1, and Ldha genes. Our data establish that functional hypoxia-response elements consist of a pair of contiguous transcription factor binding sites at least one of which contains the core sequence 5'-RCGTG-3' and is recognized by HIF-1. These results provide further evidence that the coordinate transcriptional activation of genes encoding glycolytic enzymes which occurs in hypoxic cells is mediated by HIF-1." SIGNOR-254422 AP3M2 protein P53677 UNIPROT "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19497727 t miannu "Mammals contain more than one AP-3 complex owing to the existence of pairs of genes encoding β3, μ3, and σ3 subunits (A and B isoforms). While both σ3A and σ3B are expressed ubiquitously and seem to be functionally equivalent, the B isoforms of β3 and μ3 display rather restricted expression patterns, mostly in cells of neuronal origin. This has led to the notion of the existence of two types of mammalian AP-3 complexes: a ubiquitous AP-3 comprising δ, β3A, μ3A, and σ3(A or B) subunits, and a brain-specific AP-3 complex containing δ, β3B, μ3B, and σ3(A or B)" SIGNOR-268520 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT DEF6 protein Q9H4E7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr144 MVPDEVEyLLKKVLS 9606 BTO:0000661 18976935 t lperfetto "Here, we report that the T cell receptor (TCR)-induced translocation of SLAT to the immunological synapse required Lck-mediated phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues located in an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-like sequence but was independent of the SLAT PH domain. This subcellular relocalization was coupled to, and necessary for, activation of the NFAT pathway|These results indicate that SLAT undergoes Lck-dependent phosphorylation on Tyr-144 and Tyr-133 upon TCR and CD28 stimulation." SIGNOR-253368 flumazenil chemical CHEBI:5103 ChEBI "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Receptors containing the alpha4 or alpha6 subunits, together with beta and gamma2, do not bind the traditional BZ agonists, including zolpidem, but demonstrate high affinity for some ligands, notably the imidazobenzodiazepines such as flumazenil and Ro15-4513, or bretazenil" SIGNOR-263807 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 FESYGSSsYGGAGGY -1 9295339 t lperfetto "We showed previously that UV irradiation increases phosphorylation of the p34 subunit of human replication protein A (RPA) and that this hyperphosphorylation correlated with loss of activity of the DNA replication complex. | we detected phosphorylation of the RPA complex by DNA-PK on RPA-p34 sites Ser-23, Ser-29, and Ser-11, -12, or -13" SIGNOR-248982 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT FES protein P07332 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr713 REEADGVyAASGGLR 9606 8663427 t llicata "Substitution of kinase domain tyrosine residues 713 or 811 with phenylalanine resulted in a loss of the 10- and 4-kda phosphopeptides, respectively, identifying these tyrosines as in vitro autophosphorylation sites. Cnbr cleavage analysis of fes isolated from 32po4-labeled 293t cells showed that tyr-713 and tyr-811 are also autophosphorylated in vivo. . Mutagenesis of tyr-713 reduced both autophosphorylation of tyr-811 and transphosphorylation of bcr, a recently identified fes substrate, supporting a major regulatory role for tyr-713." SIGNOR-42655 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr685 LDARPSLyAQVQKPP 9606 BTO:0000975 16909109 t llicata "In vitro src assay, the ve-cadherin cytoplasmic domain is directly phosphorylated by purified src as well as the tyrosine residue 685 (tyr)685-containing peptide finally, we found that in a vegf-induced wound-healing assay, cadherin adhesive activity was impaired by src kinase inhibitors.RPSLY(685)aqvq." SIGNOR-148818 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT ASAP2 protein O43150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10022920 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of Pap by Pyk2 or Src kinases. We have identified a new Pyk2 binding protein designated Pap. Pap is a multidomain protein composed of an N-terminal alpha-helical region with a coiled-coil motif, followed by a pleckstrin homology domain, an Arf-GAP domain, an ankyrin homology region, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. We demonstrate that Pap forms a stable complex with Pyk2 and that activation of Pyk2 leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of Pap in living cells." SIGNOR-269704 XRCC4 protein Q13426 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10854421 f miannu "The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), consisting of Ku and the DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex function together in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining." SIGNOR-264530 DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11448771 t gcesareni "We report that dkk-1 is a high-affinity ligand for lrp6 and inhibits wnt signaling by preventing fz-lrp6 complex formation induced by wnt. Dkk1 has been shown to inhibit wnt by binding to and antagonizing lrp5/6." SIGNOR-109247 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 f lperfetto "We show that PGE2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein;G protein)-coupled receptor, EP2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase Akt" SIGNOR-252711 PTPRK protein Q15262 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Tyr1092 TFLPVPEyINQSVPK 10029 BTO:0000246 16263724 t "RPTP-kappa also reduced epidermal growth factor-dependent EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in CHO cells. Purified RPTP-kappa preferentially dephosphorylated EGFR tyrosines 1068 and 1173 in vitro." SIGNOR-248722 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF -1 3166375 t lperfetto "This approach revealed that insulin stimulates autophosphorylation of the insulin-receptor beta-subunit in vitro on at least seven tyrosine residues distributed among three distinct domainsAt least two further tyrosine residues appeared to be phosphorylated after those in domains 2 and 3. These residues probably residue within a domain lying in close proximity to the inner face of the plasma membrane containing tyrosines 953, 960 and 972" SIGNOR-106526 IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT KRT17 protein Q04695 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 21796151 f miannu "IL-17A upregulates keratin 17 expression in keratinocytes through STAT1- and STAT3-dependent mechanisms." SIGNOR-255232 PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2–ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark." SIGNOR-264517 "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266499 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP inhibits the PI3K–AKT axis by directly interacting with both proteins, reducing phosphorylation and activation of AKT. The GAP activity of DAB2IP can further enforce inhibition of the PI3K–AKT axis by reducing Ras-dependent activation of PI3K p110α subunit." SIGNOR-254751 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2152 TRRRRAPsVANVGSH 9606 BTO:0000848 15024089 t gcesareni "We show that the n-terminal kinase domain of rsk phosphorylates flna on ser(2152) in response to mitogens" SIGNOR-123458 GOLGA7 protein Q7Z5G4 UNIPROT ZDHHC9 protein Q9Y397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16000296 t miannu "DHHC9 and GCP16 form a protein complex, and DHHC9 requires GCP16 for protein fatty acyltransferase activity and protein stability." SIGNOR-261353 FOXD2 protein O60548 UNIPROT PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 12621056 t Luana "Elevating the amounts of FOXD2 expression vector up to 12-fold relative to the RIα1b reporter construct demonstrated that maximal induction of the RIα1b promoter by FOXD2 was at least 5.8-fold" SIGNOR-261605 EXOSC6 protein Q5RKV6 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261389 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr861 PIGNQHIyQPVGKPD 9606 15735019 t miannu "Surprisingly, we found that expression of SrcMF or Src251 resulted in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK on Tyr(407), Tyr(576), Tyr(577), and Tyr(861), which are considered to be Src kinase substrates" SIGNOR-150492 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser188 ARRGKKKsGCLVL 10090 12654918 t miannu "PKA phosphorylates RhoA on Ser188. the addition of a negative charge to Ser188 is sufficient to diminish both RhoA activation and activity within the context of a cell." SIGNOR-250047 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 26387839 t lperfetto "BIGH3 binds molecules of the ECM, including fibronectin, laminin and different collagens ( Hashimoto et al., 1997 ; Hanssen et al., 2003) and serves as a ligand for several integrins|BIGH3 has been shown to interact with α3β1, αvβ3, αvβ5, α1β1, α6β4 and α7β1 integrin heterodimers" SIGNOR-253268 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR MYL4 protein P12829 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136697 thapsigargin chemical CHEBI:9516 ChEBI ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 30814986 t lperfetto "Treatment of Vero cells with SERCA-specific inhibitor (Thapsigargin) at a concentration that is nontoxic to the cells significantly reduced Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replication. |Thapsigargin inhibits NDV-induced SERCA2 expression in Vero cells" SIGNOR-262021 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16920360 t miannu "EIF3 binds 40S and inhibits the association of 60S. Structural analysis suggests that eIF3 performs this scaffolding function by binding to the 40S subunit on its solvent-exposed surface rather than on its interface with the 60S subunit, where the decoding sites exist. This location of eIF3 seems ideally suited for its other proposed regulatory functions, including reinitiating translation on polycistronic mRNAs and acting as a receptor for protein kinases that control protein synthesis." SIGNOR-266401 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 21798082 t lperfetto "Negative feedback involves s6k, which inactivates irs by phosphorylation at multiple sites, thus inducing its degradation and altered cell localization." SIGNOR-175687 JMJD1C protein Q15652 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 32034158 t miannu "We now determine that JMJD1C is recruited by USF-1 to various lipogenic genes for H3K9 demethylation to enhance chromatin accessibility in the fed state." SIGNOR-265169 Cytoplasmic_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF67 SIGNOR Microtubule-based_movement phenotype SIGNOR-PH170 SIGNOR up-regulates 16440056 f lperfetto "Dyneins are large multi-subunit protein complexes that undertake a wide range of roles within the cell. They are adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–driven, microtubule minus-end-directed molecular motors that can be divided, based on function, into two classes: axonemal and cytoplasmic dyneins" SIGNOR-265019 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR INF2 protein Q27J81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys673 KFDVEVLkQLLKLLP 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272804 CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000776 25673924 t lperfetto "CD19 has an extracellular region containing two C2-type Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic region of ~240 amino acids with 9 conserved tyrosine residues24. Lyn, a Src-family protein tyrosine kinase member, is the dominant kinase that phosphorylates CD19 upon stimulation. Once tyrosyl-phosphorylated, CD19 serves as a membrane-bound adaptor protein for Src homology 2-containing signaling molecules such as Lyn, Vav, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which further mediate downstream activation cascades." SIGNOR-242894 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7777512 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Thus, our results identify the human lifr as a substrate for mapk and suggest a mechanism of heterologous receptor regulation of lifr signaling occurring at ser-1044." SIGNOR-270134 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT LGMN protein Q99538 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000815 24610907 t miannu "We demonstrate that TRAF6 ubiquitinates the proform of AEP through K63-linked polyubiquitin, reversible by USP17, and forms a complex with HSP90α to subsequently promote pro-AEP intracellular stability as well as secretion. We now present evidence that AEP is a substrate for TRAF6 ubiquitination, resulting in AEP/TRAF6/HSP90α complex formation." SIGNOR-272853 SUN2 protein Q9UH99 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263286 MYOD/E12E47 complex SIGNOR-C127 SIGNOR VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 18094043 t lperfetto "we further demonstrate that the myogenic transcription factor, MyoD, and its heterodimeric binding proteins E12 and E47, up-regulate the expression of endogenous VEGF through direct interaction with the VEGF promoter." SIGNOR-241545 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22406829 f miannu "In carcinomas the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) is inversely correlated with tumour progression and metastasis. The expression of TM is negatively regulated by NF-?B- and GSK3-?-dependent signalling pathways and positively regulated by retinoic acid and transcription factor Sp1 in PrEC, LNCaP and PC-3 cells, but not in DU-145 cells." SIGNOR-255216 DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 22521266 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated foxo1 is inactive and retained in the cytosol. Mkp-3 mediated dephosphorylation activates foxo1 and subsequentially promotes its nuclear translocation and binding to the promoters of gluconeogenic genes, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase)." SIGNOR-252903 INTS4 protein Q96HW7 UNIPROT DYNC1H1 protein Q14204 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000567 23904267 f Monia "We propose a model in which nuclear localized Integrator complex, including ASUN, mediates 3′-end processing of snRNA, which in turn is required for normal processing of mRNA encoding a key regulator(s) of cytoplasmic dynein localization. When Integrator activity is compromised (e.g., by knockdown of an essential subunit), production of critical transcript(s) during interphase is impaired, leading to reduction of perinuclear dynein at G2/M." SIGNOR-261186 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr288 VDLACTPtDVRDVDI 9606 BTO:0000567 17046823 t lperfetto "Further, we found that not only gsk-3beta but also dyrk1b modulates cyclin d1 subcellular localization by the phosphorylation of thr(288). These results suggest that dif-3 induces degradation of cyclin d1 through the gsk-3beta- and dyrk1b-mediated threonine phosphorylation in hela cells" SIGNOR-150126 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr363 IEDDIIYtQDFTVPG 9606 BTO:0000848 12234250 t llicata "We demonstrate that both dna-pk and atm efficiently phosphorylate lkb1 at thr-366 in vitro and provide evidence that atm mediates this phosphorylation in vivo. however, phosphorylation of lkb1 at thr-366 may have some role in enabling lkb1 to suppress cell growth" SIGNOR-92877 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 TDNLLPMsPEEFDEV 9606 17502367 t gcesareni "All stats are phosphorylated on at least one serine residue in their tad specifically, ser727 in stats 1 and 3 and ser721 in stat4. Stat serine kinases have been identified through the use of inhibitors, dominant-negative alleles, and in vitro kinase assays. They include mapk (p38mapk: stats 1, 3, 4;erk: stat3, 5;jnk: stat3), pkc_ (stat1, stat3), mtor (stat3), nlk (stat3 (42)), and camkii and ikk_ (stat1 (39, 40, 43)).STAT Serine phosphorylation regulates transcriptional activity (see below)." SIGNOR-154771 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY5 protein O95622 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-204140 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2074 VTPSPPGtVLTSALS 9606 BTO:0000007 12794074 t lperfetto "We show that gsk-3beta directly binds at c-terminal of the notch2 ankyrin repeats and phosphorylates thr-2068 and/or ser-2070, thr-2074, and thr-2093." SIGNOR-101574 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1619 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120172 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT NPY protein P01303 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000614 28270795 f miannu "Foxo1 (when activated) stimulates the transcription of AgRP and NPY, but suppresses the transcription of POMC; thereby antagonizing the transcriptional action of STAT3 in these hypothalamic subpopulations." SIGNOR-263502 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates acetylation Lys2078 EGSYETAkVLLDHFA 9606 17636029 t gcesareni "This result implies that the residues k2019, k2039, k2044, and k2068 of notch1-ic are the major targets of the acetyltransferase activity of tip60." SIGNOR-156923 KEAP1 protein Q14145 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 17046835 t miannu "Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of PGAM5 results in proteasome-dependent degradation of PGAM5. Keap1 is a Bric-a-Brac (BTB) 2 -Kelch protein that functions as a substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-272646 CSNK1G1 protein Q9HCP0 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1479 SSSSTKGtYFPAILN 9606 16341016 t gcesareni "Ck1gamma is associated with lrp6, which has multiple, modular ck1 phosphorylation sites. Wnt treatment induces the rapid ck1gamma-mediated phosphorylation of these sites within lrp6" SIGNOR-143029 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 phosphorylation:Thr609 SAAQLAStPFHKLPV 16760428 t gcesareni "The plk1-bub1 interaction requires the polo-box domain (pbd) of plk1 and is enhanced by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1)-mediated phosphorylation of bub1 at t609" SIGNOR-147061 ARID1A protein O14497 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t miannu "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-132919 U0126 chemical CHEBI:90693 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 9873633 t lperfetto "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity. u0126 was found to functionally antagonize ap-1 transcriptional activity via noncompetitive the dual specificity kinase mek with an ic50 of 0.07 microm for mek 1 and 0.06 microm for mek 2." SIGNOR-244958 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser114 EEDHVDLsLSCTLVP 9606 BTO:0000093 17283049 t lperfetto "Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta phosphorylates p21waf1/cip1 for proteasomal degradation after uv irradiationhere, we show that ser-114 phosphorylation of p21 protein by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (gsk-3beta) is required for its degradation in response to uv irradiation" SIGNOR-152941 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 12213813 t lperfetto "In response to UV-B irradiation, the translation factor 4E-BP1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E [eIF4E]-binding protein 1) was phosphorylated at Thr36, Thr45, Ser64 and Thr69. Using either p38 MAPK inhibitors or the MSK inhibitor H89, UV-B-irradiation-induced phosphorylation was blocked [43]. 4E-BP1 binds to eIF4E in resting cells to prevent formation of a functional eIF4F complex, which is essential for cap-dependent initiation of translation. Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 leads to dissociation from eIF4E" SIGNOR-262992 YWHAH protein Q04917 UNIPROT KCNK18 protein Q7Z418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 18397886 t miannu "Phosphorylation of serine 264 in mouse TRESK was required for the binding of 14-3-3η. In the present study, we report that 14-3-3 proteins directly bind to the intracellular loop of TRESK and control the kinetics of the calcium-dependent regulation of the channel. Coexpression of 14-3-3η with TRESK blocked, whereas the coexpression of a dominant negative form of 14-3-3η accelerated the return of the K+ current to the resting state after the activation mediated by calcineurin in Xenopus oocytes." SIGNOR-263155 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPM4 protein Q8TD43 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1145 RDKRESDsERLKRTS 9606 15590641 t gcesareni "Phorbol ester-induced activation of protein kinase c (pkc) increased the ca(2+) sensitivity of wild-type trpm4 but not of two mutants mutated at putative pkc phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-132243 MN1 protein Q10571 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 17494859 f irozzo "MN1 is a unique oncogene in hematopoiesis that both promotes proliferation/self-renewal and blocks differentiation, and may become useful as a predictive marker in AML treatment." SIGNOR-256016 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser231 GTENTFPsPKAIPNG 10090 12796778 t llicata "Three specific phosphorylation sites (Ser198, Thr219 and Ser231) and two weak phosphorylation sites (Ser242 and Thr245) for CDK5/p35 are located in this region of NUDEL | Each single or double mutant compromised,and the triple mutant completely eliminated, interaction with 14-3-3ε. | 14-3-3ε sustains NUDEL phosphorylation and protects it from phosphatase.e dynein motor function." SIGNOR-250676 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser372 EEIYGANsPIWESGF 24870244 t lperfetto "Activated cyclin D1-Cdk4 kinase phosphorylates and activates GCN5|GCN5 T272A/S372A (AA) phosphorylation by cyclin D1-CDK4 kinase is diminished compared to GCN5 wild-type (WT)" SIGNOR-275494 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT S100A10 protein P60903 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0002923 12645529 f miannu "IFN-gamma induced a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 protein, which is involved in the binding to the GAS-2 site in the p11 promoter by EMSA analysis. These data suggest that IFN-gamma-induced p11 expression is mediated through the binding of STAT1 to GAS sites in the p11 promoter." SIGNOR-255237 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ARPP21 protein Q9UBL0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 QERRKSKsGAGKGKL -1 10854908 t miannu "The specificity of antibody G534 was examined using recombinant full-length rat ARPP-21 phosphorylated by PKA. Radiolabeled ARPP-21 from a reaction containing [γ32P]ATP correlated with the detection of phospho-Ser55-ARPP-21 by immunoblotting (Fig. 1A, left and middle panels)." SIGNOR-263107 FGD2 protein Q7Z6J4 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260552 GRM3 protein Q14832 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264934 COMMD5 protein Q9GZQ3 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 30021164 f miannu "We found that RhoA activity is decreased following COMMD5 depletion, suggesting that COMMD5 regulates cytoskeleton organization through RhoA signaling.We found that RhoA activity is decreased following COMMD5 depletion, suggesting that COMMD5 regulates cytoskeleton organization through RhoA signaling. However, the dynamics of Rho GTPase activities are highly complex and tightly regulated in order to achieve their specific subcellular localization (Marjoram et al., 2014); thus, the mechanism by which COMMD5 directly or indirectly regulates the activity of RhoA needs to be investigated further." SIGNOR-261690 ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT EPCAM protein P16422 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000584 23667256 f miannu "We found a similar ZEB1-dependent repression of EPCAM expression in human pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines, mediated through direct binding of ZEB1 to the EPCAM promoter." SIGNOR-255622 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15591535 f gcesareni "Our data suggest a mechanism for transrepression between two nuclear receptors, gr and ngfi-b." SIGNOR-132251 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser248 DLDILHNsSQMKSMS 9606 BTO:0000567 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265227 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT RALA protein P11233 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser194 NGKKKRKsLAKRIRE 9606 17540176 t miannu "Pp2a abeta-containing complexes dephosphorylate rala at ser183 and ser194, inactivating rala and abolishing its transforming function" SIGNOR-155353 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser41 RTDALTSsPGRDLPP 9606 16446360 t gcesareni "In the present study, we report the identification of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation sites on mcm2 and determine the functional role of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation of mcm2 in the initiation of dna replication in human cells." SIGNOR-143996 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "First, the akt1, akt2, and akt3 isoforms can bind directly to hsp27 and can be found in a complex with p38 mapk, mk2, and hsp27 [98_100]. Second, rane and colleagues showed that akt could phosphorylate hsp27 at ser-82, but not ser-15 or ser-78, in vitro, while co-expression of an active akt mutant and hsp27 in hek cells resulted in hsp27 phosphorylation at the same residue." SIGNOR-186780 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11781339 f gcesareni "In these collagen gel cultures, p38 activation was induced more potently by fgf-2 treatment compared with that in proliferating cultures" SIGNOR-113649 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243424 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-16665 DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t gcesareni "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)." SIGNOR-103149 POT1 protein Q9NUX5 UNIPROT POT1/ACD complex SIGNOR-C64 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17237768 t miannu "We find that tpp1 and pot1 form a complex with telomeric dna that increases the activity and processivity of the human telomerase core enzyme." SIGNOR-152324 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr267 SQYGQEVyDTPPMAV 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246401 ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT HDL_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH61 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23077142 f miannu "Cholesterol efflux is the first step in the formation of HDL, which is initiated through the action of ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I that produces nascent HDL (nHDL)." SIGNOR-252109 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT WASF3 protein Q9UPY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr151 KKDGLKFyTDPSYFF 9606 BTO:0000815 17623672 t "WAVE3-Abl interaction promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of WAVE3 by Abl, and STI-571, a specific inhibitor of Abl kinase activity, abrogates the Abl-mediated phosphorylation of WAVE3." SIGNOR-262299 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA1A protein Q71U36 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys40 DGQMPSDkTIGGGDD -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272251 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257966 brimonidine chemical CHEBI:3175 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258902 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr7 tQDQPMEE 9606 BTO:0000567 2507541 t lperfetto "Here we show that the dsDNA-activated protein kinase from human HeLa cells phosphorylates 2 threonine residues in the sequence PEETQTQDQPME at the amino terminus of human hsp90 alpha." SIGNOR-248888 acetyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57288 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19524112 t miannu "The biosynthetic enzyme, aspartate-N-acetyltransferase (Asp-NAT; EC 2.3.1.17) is a CNS specific enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetate from acetyl-CoA to L-aspartate forming NAA." SIGNOR-267520 TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18762249 t gcesareni "Tak1 (tgf-beta activated kinase 1), a map3k, interacts with ror2 and phosphorylates its intracellular carboxyterminal serine/thronine/proline-rich (stp) domain" SIGNOR-180566 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 16282371 f "Notch signaling blocks differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and this can be mimicked by constitutive expression of the Notch target gene Hes-1" SIGNOR-253058 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NEURL1 protein O76050 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271043 GIT1 protein Q9Y2X7 UNIPROT ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "Screening for potential mediators of this effect resulted in the identification of the Rac1-specific GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP17 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF6 as new PKA and PKG substrates in platelets. We mapped the PKA/PKG phosphorylation sites to serine 702 on ARHGAP17 using Phos-tag gels and to serine 684 on ARHGEF6. |we show that ARHGEF6 is constitutively linked to GIT1, a GAP of Arf family small G proteins, and that ARHGEF6 phosphorylation enables binding of the 14-3-3 adaptor protein to the ARHGEF6/GIT1 complex." SIGNOR-272165 GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264936 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys233 YKKYKKIkVERVERE 9606 14701874 t gianni "We found that SATB2 differs from the closely related thymocyte-specific protein SATB1 by modifications of two lysines with the small ubiquitive related modifier (SUMO), which are augmented specifically by the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1." SIGNOR-268932 PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 16699525 t lperfetto "Here we report that activation of IRF3 is negatively regulated by the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1. After stimulation by double-stranded RNA, induced phosphorylation of the Ser339–Pro340 motif of IRF3 led to its interaction with Pin1 and finally polyubiquitination and then proteasome-dependent degradation of IRF3. Suppression of Pin1 by RNA interference or genetic deletion resulted in enhanced IRF-3-dependent production of interferon-beta, with consequent reduction of virus replication." SIGNOR-252256 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "A large number of cytosolic proteins can be phosphorylated by p38 mapks, including phospholipase a2, the microtubule-associated protein tau, nhe-1, cyclin d1, cdk inhibitors, bcl2 family proteins, growth factor receptors or keratins" SIGNOR-166594 Platelet_alpha_granule_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH136 SIGNOR VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 NBK559062 f lperfetto "Exposed VWF bound to collagen from vascular injury and endothelial damage adheres to the GPIb receptor on platelets to initiate signaling pathways for platelet activation, the next step in primary hemostasis. VW|VWF released by Weibel-Palade bodies or alpha-granules can enter circulation or accumulate in the subendothelial matrix binding to collagen through its A3 domain. Once exposed under high shear stress conditions in the arterial circulation, VWF can bind to platelets via its A1 domain." SIGNOR-261863 P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257072 FST protein P19883 UNIPROT GDF11 protein O95390 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 24627466 t lperfetto "Follistatin (FST) is a member of the tissue growth factor β family and is a secreted glycoprotein that antagonizes many members of the family, including activin A, growth differentiation factor 11, and myostatin. |FST315-ΔHBS-Fc induced improvements in muscle repair after injury/atrophy by modulating the early inflammatory phase allowing for increased macrophage density, and Pax7-positive cells leading to an accelerated restoration of myofibers and muscle function." SIGNOR-251716 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Val-tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29164 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269559 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT Protein_degradation phenotype SIGNOR-PH96 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 25787076 f miannu "The UPS by itself degrades actomyosin and myofibrillar proteins slowly, but when caspase-3 is activated, it cleaves actomyosin and the myofibrillar proteins to provide substrates for degradation in the UPS . Caspase-3 also can cleave specific subunits of the 19 S proteasome particle, which stimulates the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome[...] These results indicate that caspase-3 participates in the muscle proteolysis that is present in tumor-bearing mice." SIGNOR-255337 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16829981 t "Cbl binds directly to Tyr1045 receptors" gcesareni "Likewise, cbl is recruited to erbb1 either directly (tyr1045), or indirectly, trough grb2" SIGNOR-147826 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr397 RVIEDNEyTAREGAK 10090 BTO:0000776 10415030 t "CD45 negatively regulates lyn activity by dephosphorylating both positive and negative regulatory tyrosine residues in immature B cells.| Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that Lyn is tyrosine phosphorylated with little serine or threonine phosphorylation. In CD45-negative cells, two bands at 8.2 and 4.1 kDa were phosphorylated in the absence of B cell Ag receptor (BCR) ligation. The 8.2-kDa band corresponded to a fragment containing the positive regulatory site (Tyr397), as assessed by its size and its phosphorylation in an in vitro kinase assay. The 4.1-kDa band was phosphorylated by COOH-terminal Src kinase, suggesting that it contains the COOH-terminal negative regulatory site (Tyr508)" SIGNOR-248353 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PDZRN4 protein Q6ZMN7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271036 IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17063185 t flangone "Interferon- (ifn;type ii ifn) induces reorganization of the ifn-receptor subunits, ifngr1 and ifngr2, activating the janus kinases jak1 and jak2, which are constitutively associated with each subunit, respectively" SIGNOR-150197 asparagine smallmolecule CHEBI:22653 ChEBI Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270460 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT TEAD3 protein Q99594 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "YAP/TAZ mainly bind to the transcription factors TEAD1??4 to regulate genes involved in cell proliferation and cell death." gcesareni "When dephosphorylated, yap/taz enter nuclei and induce gene transcription by interacting with transcription factors tead14." SIGNOR-201415 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10976919 t gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr" SIGNOR-81449 NEUROG2 protein Q9H2A3 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 18400164 f lperfetto "While the mechanisms by which Ngn2 promotes neurogenesis have been characterized, little is known about how Ngn2 confers neuronal cell-type identity during spinal cord development. Ngn1 and Ngn2, two mammalian orthologs of the Drosophila proneural bHLH gene atonal, are expressed in overlapping patterns throughout the developing nervous system and act as important regulators of developmental neurogenesis" SIGNOR-265173 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr564 SKHKEDVyENLHTKN 9606 8692915 t Manara "The results demonstrate that the SH3 domain of ABL1 interacts with a WPDHGVPSEP motif (residues 417-426) in the catalytic domain of SHPTP1 and that ABL1 phosphorylates C terminal Y536 and Y564 sites." SIGNOR-260821 DOCK4 protein Q8N1I0 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0001976 32009906 t miannu "DOCK4 (dedicator for cytokinesis 4), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the small GTPase Rac1, is one of few genes that are associated with both ASD and dyslexia. " SIGNOR-266823 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser366 KTLPRSSsMAAGLER 9606 19933840 t lperfetto "Using this approach for ppp1r12c, baiap2, and cdc27, we found that mutation of a single serine to alanine (s452, s366, and s379 respectively) resulted in almost a complete loss of ampk phosphorylation in these proteins. Termination of irsp53 function is suggested to occur following cdc42 dissociation, kinase phosphorylation of t340 and t360, and subsequent 14-3-3 binding, which competes for sh3 partners, thus allowing filopodial retraction" SIGNOR-216572 "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 24646566 t miannu "The key event in activation of fluid secretion is an increase in intracellular [ca2+] ([ca2+]i) triggered by ip3-induced release of ca2+ from er via the ip3r. ip3rs determine the site of initiation and the pattern of [ca2+]i signal in the cell." SIGNOR-256239 EIF4H protein Q15056 UNIPROT EIF4A1 protein P60842 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11418588 t "Either eIF4B or eIF4H stimulated the initial rate and amplitude of eIF4A-dependent duplex unwinding, and the magnitude of stimulation is dependent on duplex stability" SIGNOR-261294 Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28347630 f miannu "Microtubules are essential for the generation, migration and differentiation of neurons. Within dendrites microtubules have also been implicated in the formation and plasticity of spines. For instance, the treatment of hippocampal neurons with low doses of the microtubule destabilizing drug Nocodazole impairs BDNF induced dendritic spine formation" SIGNOR-266830 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr145 QGRKRRQtSMTDFYH 9606 20307683 t lperfetto "Pim-2 phosphorylation of p21(cip1/waf1) enhances its stability and inhibits cell proliferation in hct116 cellshere we demonstrate that like pim-1, pim-2 also phosphorylates the cell cycle inhibitor p21(cip1/waf1) (p21) on thr145 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-164642 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 RERSRTGsESSQTGT 9606 15071500 t gcesareni "S6k1/s6k2 specifically phosphorylate ser422 in vitro. Substitution of ser422 with ala results in a loss of activity in an in vivo translation assay, indicating that phosphorylation of this site plays an important role in eif4b function." SIGNOR-123993 N-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-N-[2-[2-(1-oxido-4-pyridin-1-iumyl)ethenyl]phenyl]acetamide chemical CHEBI:91440 ChEBI PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193309 TOB2 protein Q14106 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18377426 t miannu "We found that Tob associates with the CCR4-NOT complex. The carboxyl-terminal half of Tob interacted with Cnot1, a core protein of the CCR4-NOT complex. We further showed that the deadenylase activity associated with the complex was suppressed in vitro by Tob. " SIGNOR-273615 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257437 PCDHA12 protein Q9UN75 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265673 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1944 GSTYSPTsPGYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120256 GAPDH protein P04406 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11724794 t miannu "GAPDH is commonly known as a key enzyme in glycolysis (GAPDH catalyzes the NAD-mediated oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate), a number of intriguing intracellular roles have been reported including modulation of the cytoskeleton, kinase activity, and the promotion of vesicle fusion" SIGNOR-266495 GP5 protein P40197 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 16293600 t lperfetto "The GPIb-V-IX receptor consists of 4 transmembrane subunits: GPIbα, disulfide-linked to GPIbβ, and the noncovalently associated GPIX and GPV components, in ratios of 2:2:2:1." SIGNOR-261849 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t gcesareni "Results from this study indicate that the checkpoint protein kinase atm (mutated in ataxia telangiectasia) was required for phosphorylation of brca1 in response to ionizing radiation. Brca1 is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in an atm-dependent, radiation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-72075 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser299 NQVTQRAsRRSDSAS 9606 17603046 t gcesareni "Here, we demonstrate that pkcdelta undergoes in vitro autophosphorylation at three sites within its v3 region (s299, s302, s304), each of which is unique to this pkc isoform and evolutionarily conserved" SIGNOR-156523 PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257111 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ERF protein P50548 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr526 GEAGGPLtPRRVSSD 9606 7588608 t lperfetto "Consistent with the in vivo phosphorylation and inactivation by ras, erf is efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by erk2 and cdc2/cyclin b kinases, at sites similar to those detected in vivo. Furthermore, a single mutation at position 526 results in the loss of a specific phosphopeptide both in in vivo and in vitro (by erk2) labeling. Substitution of thr526 for glutamic acid also decreases the repression ability of erf" SIGNOR-29505 enzalutamide chemical CHEBI:68534 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194325 MICU1 protein Q9BPX6 UNIPROT MCU_MICU2_variant complex SIGNOR-C502 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270876 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10116 BTO:0002809 9182757 t fspada "In this report, we demonstrate that FGF stimulation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel lipid anchored docking protein, termed FRS2, that forms a complex with Grb2/Sos, thus linking FGF-receptor activation to the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway." SIGNOR-236944 RUVBL1 protein Q9Y265 UNIPROT "R2SP co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C517 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29844425 t miannu "Systematic interaction analyses show that one RPAP3-like protein, SPAG1, binds PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 to form an R2TP-like complex termed R2SP.  This co-chaperone is enriched in testis and among 68 of the potential clients identified, some are expressed in testis and others are ubiquitous. One substrate is liprin-α2, which organizes large signaling complexes." SIGNOR-270939 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20953350 f gcesareni "Contact with skip is required for biological activity of notchic. A mutation in the fourth ankyrin repeat that abolished notch signal transduction did not affect interaction with cbf1 but abolished interaction with skip." SIGNOR-254348 TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14618416 t miannu "DP-1 is a heterodimerization partner for members of the E2F family of transcription factors; E2F/DP-1 regulates the expression of various cellular promoters, particularly gene products that are involved in the cell cycle." SIGNOR-253865 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938;BTO:0001109 21336310 t miannu "The p53 protein binds to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP, and prevents the formation of the active dimer." SIGNOR-267468 "cyclosporin A" chemical CHEBI:4031 ChEBI Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-252307 NHLRC1 protein Q6VVB1 UNIPROT EPM2A protein O95278 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 15930137 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that malin is a single subunit E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase and that its RING domain is necessary and sufficient to mediate ubiquitination. Additionally, malin interacts with and polyubiquitinates laforin, leading to its degradation. " SIGNOR-271547 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t miannu "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-132942 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr125 VDPDNEAyEMPSEEG 9606 BTO:0000975;BTO:0000142 11744621 t llicata "Here, we show that alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is an outstanding substrate for the protein tyrosine kinase p72syk (syk), which phosphorylates three tyrosyl residues in its c-terminal domain (y-125, y-133, and y-136), here, we show that _-syn is an outstanding substrate for syk and that once it is tyrosine phosphorylated, it loses the ability to form oligomers." SIGNOR-113061 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9922370 t gcesareni "Mapkerk1/2 is also able to phopshorylate the egf receptor, the ras exchange factor sos, mkkkraf1, and mkkmek1. The phosphorylation of each of these proteins by mapkerk1/2 is believed to reduce their catalytic activity" SIGNOR-64169 CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15775976 t gcesareni "Regulation of NF-kappaB and p53 through activation of ATR and Chk1 by the ARF tumour suppressorInduction of ATR activity in Hs68 E2F1ER cells by endogenous ARF." SIGNOR-134781 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 24239470 t miannu "Mutations in SPOP represent the most common point mutations in primary prostate cancer,with recurrent mutations in SPOP in 6% to 15% of multiple independent cohorts. Wild-type SPOP will bind and promote the degradation of SRC-3,whereas prostate cancer–derived SPOP mutants lose this ability,leading to increased androgen signaling in certain model systems." SIGNOR-251529 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 24948596 f "IL-4 was shown to inhibit lipid accumulation in adipose tissue by a mechanism that includes activation of Stat6, which suppresses PPARα transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-254682 CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 14636574 t gcesareni "The Arf-NPM interaction seems to be critical in regulating the stability of both proteins. Arf, in fact, induces polyubiquitination and degradation of NPM and inhibits its effects on ribogenesis (18). NPM, instead, protects Arf from degradation and, surprisingly, antagonizes its ability to inhibit cell division" SIGNOR-245077 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser451 STSTPAPsRTASFSE 10653665 t "Thr 446 and Ser 450, which are phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)" SIGNOR-251218 imatinib chemical CHEBI:45783 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258225 PDE4DIP protein Q5VU43 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21569246 t miannu "This study ascribes a novel function to mmgl isoform 4: it meets all criteria for classification as an akap, and we show that is involved in the phosphorylation of cmybpc as well as ctni, hence mmgl is an important regulator of cardiac contractility." SIGNOR-173766 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264302 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269823 ZNF304 protein Q9HCX3 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000391 24623306 t Luana "Finally, we show that ZNF304 also directs transcriptional silencing of INK4-ARF in human embryonic stem cells." SIGNOR-266098 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser24 GYLRKPKsMHKRFFV -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-250907 ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT ITGAX protein P20702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7679388 t gcesareni "Using assays to quantify cd11c-mediated cell adhesion, we demonstrate that cd11c recognizes icam-2 and vcam-1. The cd11c-binding site on vcam-1 appears to be different from that used by the integrin alpha4." SIGNOR-31388 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "17beta-estradiol 3-sulfate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:136582 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 7779757 t Luana "HEST-1 maximally sulfates β-estradiol and estrone at concentrations of 20 nM." SIGNOR-269750 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 17158101 t gcesareni "Notch induction of mkp-1 depends on an rbp-j-dependent mechanism." SIGNOR-236851 SULT1E1 protein P49888 UNIPROT "17beta-estradiol 3-sulfate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:136582 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 7779757 t Luana "HEST-1 maximally sulfates β-estradiol and estrone at concentrations of 20 nM." SIGNOR-269751 ABCC4 protein O15439 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 23805129 t lperfetto "The multidrug transporter MRP4, a multidrug resistance protein, is found on platelet dense granules and is proposed to transport adenine nucleotides into these granules (Jedlitschky et al., 2004). Uptake of serotonin from platelet cytosol into dense granules is mediated by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). " SIGNOR-265996 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SAT1 protein P21673 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 8954982 t llicata "Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates recombinant human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase on both serine and threonine residues. | suggesting that the Ser-phosphorylated residues are located in the C-terminus of the protein, probably Ser 146 and 149." SIGNOR-251036 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser338 RPRGQRDsSYYWEIE 9606 9823899 t llicata "The protein kinase pak3 positively regulates raf-1 activity through phosphorylation of serine 338." SIGNOR-62043 MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 21673106 t gcesareni "Similarly, the myocd-related transcription factor (mrtf) family of proteins, mrtf-a and mrtf-b, are also involved in the transcriptional regulation of contractile gene markers as coactivators of srf." SIGNOR-174264 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser57 KKDRFYRsILPGDKT 10116 18586681 t "Both sites were dephosphorylated with the same kinetics; the anti-Ser(P)198 antibody was subsequently used as it exhibited lower background staining. Direct comparison of PP2Cα with purified PP1 and PP2A lead us to conclude that at the same molar ratio PP2Cα was the most efficient in dephosphorylating PAK1 (Fig. 1D). In this case we monitored two autophosphorylation sites in the Pak1 N-terminal regulatory region (Ser57 and Ser198/203) using phosphospecific antibodies: both sites showed the same kinetics of inactivation." SIGNOR-248493 PPP1R14B protein Q96C90 UNIPROT PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 12144526 t lperfetto "We conclude that ILK may activate smooth-muscle contraction both directly, via phosphorylation of myosin, and indirectly, via phosphorylation and activation of CPI-17 and PHI-1, leading to inhibition of MLCP.|CPI-17 and PHI-1 thiophosphorylated by ILK at Thr(38) or Thr(57) respectively inhibited myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity bound to myosin" SIGNOR-265743 GABPB2 protein Q8TAK5 UNIPROT HCFC1 protein P51610 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10675337 t miannu "The C1 factor interacts with the GABP_ transactivation domain.The domain of the C1 factor required for C1–GABP interaction can inhibit GABP_dependent transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-221318 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000562 SIGNOR-C15 11069105 t gcesareni "Heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activation by insulin results from ser-466 and ser-483 phosphorylation and requires 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, but not protein kinase b." SIGNOR-84061 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser872 HQRCLAHsLVGTPNY 9606 23431053 t milica "MST1/2 directly phosphorylate Lats1/2 at the hydrophobic motif (Lats1 T1079 and Lats2 T1041), and this phosphorylation is required for Lats1/2 activation" SIGNOR-201298 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation Lys70 GKAVRGAkGHHHPHP 9606 17098745 t gcesareni "Sirt1 reversed acetyl-transferase (p300)-mediated acetylation of two lysine residues (lys-64 and -70) on smad7. sirt1-mediated deacetylation of smad7 enhanced smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (smurf1)-mediated ubiquitin proteasome degradation, which contributed to the low expression of smad7 in sirt1-overexpressing mesangial cells." SIGNOR-150599 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8824585 t gcesareni "Hpk1 binds and phosphorylates mekk1 directly," SIGNOR-43996 SOX8 protein P57073 UNIPROT FOXK2 protein Q01167 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000410 32550913 t miannu "We showed for the first time that Aurora-A interacts directly with SOX8 and phosphorylates the protein at Ser327 to further regulate the SOX8/FOXK1 axis, which modulates cell senescence and glycolysis, ultimately leading to cisplatin resistance.. Our results showed that SOX8 targets FOXK1, thereby regulating its transcription, which has significant impacts on senescence, glycolysis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer." SIGNOR-273613 tertatolol chemical CHEBI:135244 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258862 ARHGAP8 protein P85298 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260463 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000596 24942200 t flangone "During neural fate specification, nuclear translocation of ERK1/2 is critical for its activation of Sox2 transcription. More-over, melatonin-induced Sox2 expression, through ERK1/ 2 activation, could locate between base pairs2719 and 1708 in the mouse Sox2 gene." SIGNOR-241977 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0004055 11295495 t lperfetto "The scf-betatrcp complex is responsible for the ubiquitination of p100 and p105 following their phosphorylation by ikk." SIGNOR-217190 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF121 protein Q9H920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271226 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser670 KMKNKPRsPVVELSK 9606 20080565 t gcesareni "We report that grk2 protein levels are transiently down-regulated during the g2/m transition by a mechanism involving cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of grk2 at serine670, which triggers binding to the prolyl-isomerase pin1 and subsequent degradation." SIGNOR-163279 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000938 9346240 t lperfetto "Experiments in this study reveal that akt phosphorylates bad both in vitro and in vivo and that akt-mediated phosphorylation of bad effectively blocks bad induced cell death.[...] In addition, these findings implicate a particular phosphorylation site on bad, serine 136, in the suppression of bad-mediated death by akt.[...]The Phosphorylation of bad may lead to the prevention of cell death via a mechanism that involves the selective association of the phosphorylated forms of bad with 14-3-3 protein isoforms. Akt phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo we show that growth factor activation of the pi3'k/akt signaling pathway culminates in the phosphorylation of the bcl-2 family member bad, thereby suppressing apoptosis and promoting cell survival. Akt phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo erbb-mediated phosphorylation of bad by akt promotes survival by blocking the interaction of this pro-apoptotic molecule with bcl-2 and bcl-x proteins" SIGNOR-52863 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT DLX3 protein O60479 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser138 KPRTIYSsYQLAALQ -1 11343707 t lperfetto "Dlx3 is primarily phosphorylated by PKC alpha. By deletion and mutational analysis, we show that the serine residue S(138), located in the homeodomain of Dlx3 protein, was specifically phosphorylated by PKC. The phosphorylation of purified Dlx3 proteins by PKC partially inhibited formation of complexes between Dlx3 protein and DNA. These results suggest that Dlx3 protein can be directly phosphorylated by PKC and this affects the DNA binding activity of Dlx3." SIGNOR-249096 MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18854157 t gcesareni "One of the earliest events is recruitment and activation of the atm at the damaged dna sites through the mre11rad50nbs1 (mrn) sensor complex. the mre11/rad50/nbs1 (mrn) complex maintains genomic stability by bridging dna ends and initiating dna damage signaling through activation of the atm kinase." SIGNOR-181628 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser168 SEMKYLGsPITTVPK 9606 8119945 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-48, thr-67, ser-122, thr-130, ser-168 and ser-214 occurs at g2 and g2-m transition and is catalyzed by cdk1. Ser-168 phosphorylation levels are lower than those at the other 5 cdk1 sites. Phosphorylation by cdk1 leads to increased activity." SIGNOR-36279 CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT IL23A protein Q9NPF7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 23028973 f "CEBPD activated in macrophages played a functional role in promoting the tube formation of endothelial cells and the migration and proliferation of synoviocytes. In vivo DNA binding assays and reporter assays showed that CEBPD up-regulated CCL20, CXCL1, IL23A and TNFAIP6 transcripts through direct binding to their promoter regions." SIGNOR-254061 5-carboxamidotryptamine chemical CHEBI:48292 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258888 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 GLMQRSSsFPYTTKG 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252881 UNC13B protein O14795 UNIPROT SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 30267828 t miannu "In neuronal exocytosis, Munc18-1 (aSM-protein) and Munc13-1/2 (similar to CATCHRs) arethe relevant proteins responsible for SNARE-complex formation. Munc18-1 associates with syntaxin-1 in its‘closed’ conformation, i.e. with the regulatory Habc-domain folded against the SNARE (H3-)-domain. Opening-up of syntaxin is catalyzed by the Mun-domainwithin Munc13-1/2 and allows assembly with the partnerSNARE SNAP-25 and possibly VAMP2." SIGNOR-263972 SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253406 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR SEC31B protein Q9NQW1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination lys641 9606 BTO:0000567 22358839 t miannu "By analyzing mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) division, we have identified Cul3Klhl12 as a regulator of COPII coat formation. Cul3Klhl12 monoubiquitinates Sec31 and drives assembly of large COPII-coats. As a result, ubiquitination by Cul3Klhl12 is essential for collagen export, a step that is required for integrin-dependent mESC division." SIGNOR-272015 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT STK38L protein Q9Y2H1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys119 TGHIYAMkILRKSDM 10090 35670107 t "K11 corresponds to the 11th Lysine, which is in position 119 in the full length sequence" lperfetto "TRIM27 catalyzes non-degradative K6- and K11-linked ubiquitination of the serine/threonine kinase 38-like (STK38L) kinase. In turn, STK38L ubiquitination promotes its activation and phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser495, rendering ULK1 in a permissive state for TRIM27-mediated hyper-ubiquitination of ULK1" SIGNOR-270347 MAD2L1BP protein Q15013 UNIPROT MCC complex SIGNOR-C382 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25092294 t miannu "We have indeed showed that TRIP13 action to disassemble the Cdc20–Mad2 complex requires the presence of p31comet (Fig. 3A). We furthermore found that the joint action of TRIP13 and p31comet is also required for the release of Mad2 from MCC, for the complete disassembly of MCC and for relieving APC/C from checkpoint inhibition (Figs. 3 and ​and4).4)." SIGNOR-265979 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21983014 f "In conclusion we demonstrated that treatment of HeLa cells with DMC leads to an enhanced formation of a complex consisting of NF-κB and HDAC1 that binds to the EGR1 promoter resulting in downregulation of EGR1 expression which plays a major role for transcriptional inhibition of mGPES-1 expression." SIGNOR-254257 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 10090 17548510 f "Simone Vumbaca" "Previously, we showed that Pax7 overexpression in adult primary myoblasts down-regulates MyoD and prevents myogenin induction, inhibiting myogenesis. We show that Pax7 prevents muscle differentiation independently of its transcriptional activity, affecting MyoD function. [...] Pax7 expression affects MyoD protein stability" SIGNOR-255637 RIMBP3B protein A6NNM3 UNIPROT RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264374 TKT protein P29401 UNIPROT "sedoheptulose 7-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:15721 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24929114 t miannu "Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation. TKs (with the exception of the enzymes of mammalian origin) are characterized by broad substrate specificity. Xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), erythrulose 4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate are typical donor substrates of TK; ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), and erythrose 4-phosphate are typical acceptor substrates." SIGNOR-267087 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0001957 11714695 t lperfetto "For this, bmp-2 binds first to the high affinity receptor bri and then recruits brii into the signaling complex." SIGNOR-237000 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser405 KTQTPPVsPAPQPTE 9606 BTO:0000938 21079800 t gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-169682 HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 8573884 f "Regulation of localization" miannu "Hb inhibitory activity toward ET-1 production might be related to Hb mediated endothelial oxidative injury." SIGNOR-251766 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr340 RGQRDSSyYWEIEAS 9606 7692235 t gcesareni "We also show that phosphorylation of raf-1 on serine 338 by pak1 and tyrosines 340 and 341 by src relieves autoinhibition and that this occurs through a specific decrease in the binding of the raf-1 regulatory domain to its catalytic domain." SIGNOR-32081 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10488065 t gcesareni "Edg-3 and edg-5 couple not only to gibut also to gqand g13." SIGNOR-70664 CLU protein P10909 UNIPROT SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001321 20068069 t miannu "CLU-2 is a ubiquitin binding protein (UBP) that enhances proteasome activity. sCLU promotes degradation of COMMD1. sCLU interacts with the SCF-βTrCP E3 ligase complex, serving as a scaffolding chaperone to form a multimeric protein complex that facilitates COMMD1 and I-κB ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-271429 ARVCF protein O00192 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252133 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271588 TSHB protein P01222 UNIPROT TSH complex SIGNOR-C412 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001379 8196184 t scontino "TSH is a heterodimer composed of common alpha subunit and unique beta subunit encoded by genes located on different chromosomes. It is known that the expression of these subunit genes is regulated in different mechanism by several extracellular factors." SIGNOR-267047 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RAD54L protein Q92698 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser49 QIQECFLsPFRKPLS -1 29295984 t miannu "Effect of CDK2 phosphorylation on the RAD54 activities. We find that the RAD54 N-terminal domain (NTD) is responsible for initiation of BM through two coupled, but distinct steps; specific binding to Holliday junctions and RAD54 oligomerization. Furthermore, we find that the RAD54 oligomeric state can be controlled by NTD phosphorylation at S49, a CDK2 consensus site, which inhibits RAD54 oligomerization and, consequently, BM." SIGNOR-273599 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9534 BTO:0000298 8137421 t miannu "JNK1 binds to the c-Jun transactivation domain and phosphorylates it on Ser-63 and Ser-73. The effect on AP-1 transcriptional activity results, in part, from enhanced phosphorylation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal activation domain." SIGNOR-252355 ammonium smallmolecule CHEBI:28938 ChEBI "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30158707 t miannu "Glutamine synthetase, encoded by the gene GLUL, is an enzyme that converts glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. certain cell types express glutamine synthetase (GS; also called glutamate-ammonia ligase; GLUL), the enzyme capable of de novo glutamine production from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP and Mg2+/Mn2+ requiring reaction." SIGNOR-267823 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser473 PPSGTKKsKRGRGRP 9606 12529391 t gcesareni "Pkc-mediated phosphorylation at s486 does not affect s6k activity but eliminates the function of its nuclear localization signal and causes retention of an activated form of the kinase in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-97287 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 22207502 t lperfetto "Ampk phosphorylates and activates theinsulinreceptor, providing a direct link between ampk and theinsulin pathway." SIGNOR-216619 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000759 16556735 t miannu "We demonstrate that PPARalpha plays a specific role in the peripheral circadian control because it is required to maintain the circadian rhythm of the master clock gene brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (bmal1) in vivo. This regulation occurs via a direct binding of PPARalpha on a potential PPARalpha response element located in the bmal1 promoter. Reversely, BMAL1 is an upstream regulator of PPARalpha gene expression." SIGNOR-268025 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser443 PQRKSQRsSYVSMRI -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). The 1 IC-loop does not have consensus sequences for PKG, but we found that this enzyme phosphorylated the same sites as PKA: S422, S423 (Fig. 5A).An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262756 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser713 GAEIVYKsPVVSGDT 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251591 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 17130464 t "Translocation from Cytoplasm to Nucleus" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of pras40-thr246 by pkb/akt, and pras40-ser183 and pras40-ser221 by mtorc1 results in dissociation from mtorc1, and its binding to 14-3-3 proteins." SIGNOR-252540 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257419 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003291 16517405 t miannu "Activation of glycolytic genes by HIF-1 is considered critical for metabolic adaptation to hypoxia through increased conversion of glucose to pyruvate and subsequently to lactate. We found that HIF-1 also actively suppresses metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) by directly trans-activating the gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). PDK1 inactivates the TCA cycle enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA." SIGNOR-267444 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." gcesareni "The molecular requirements for diacylglycerol (dag) and calcium (ca2+) to promote pkc membrane translocation, the hallmark of pkc activation, have been clarified." SIGNOR-121956 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT HAPLN1 protein P10915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu40 QAENGPHlLVEAEQA -1 7694569 t miannu "Matrix metalloproteinases cleave at two distinct sites on human cartilage link protein. Sequencing studies of modified link protein components revealed that stromelysins-1 and -2, gelatinases A and B and collagenase cleaved specifically between His16 and Ile17, and matrilysin, stromelysin-2 and gelatinase A cleaved between Leu25 and Leu26. Based on previously determined in situ cleavage sites it is evident that matrix metalloproteinases are not solely responsible for the accumulation of link protein degradation products in adult human cartilage, indicating that additional proteolytic agents are involved in the normal catabolism of human cartilage matrix." SIGNOR-256333 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser428 SSKIRRLsACKQQ 9606 25846811 t lperfetto "Directly and/or through the activation of p90RSK, ERK phosphorylates LKB-1 at Ser325 and Ser428. The phosphorylation of LKB-1 causes the dissociation of LKB-1 from AMPK, resulting in the impaired activation of AMPK." SIGNOR-209876 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF165 protein Q6ZSG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271176 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT ABCG5 protein Q9H222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000398 21123766 f miannu "these results indicate that HMG-CoAR inhibition with atorvastatin stimulates intestinal expression of NPC1L1 and PCSK9, increases cholesterol absorption, and reduces ABCG5/8 expression; these effects are mediated most likely by stimulation of the transcription factors SREBP-2 and HNF-4α." SIGNOR-254457 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 9335504 t llicata "In contrast to the bmp-stimulated phosphorylation of smad1, which affects carboxy-terminal serines and induces nuclear accumulation of smad1, erk-mediated phosphorylation specifically inhibits the nuclear accumulation of smad1. phosphorylation occurs at specific serines within the region linking the inhibitory and effector domains of smad1" SIGNOR-52691 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT SEPTIN7 protein Q16181 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 16281084 f "After AR antagonist flutamide treatment, three hundred and twenty-six genes (3.93%) expressed differentially, 97 down-regulated and 219 up-regulated. Among them, eight up-regulated genes might be cell cycle-related, namely CDC10, NRAS, BTG1, Wee1, CLK3, DKFZP564A122, CDKN1A and BTG2. The CDKN1A and BTG1 gene mRNA expression was confirmed to be higher in the experimental group by RT-PCR, while p53 mRNA expression had no significant changes." SIGNOR-253677 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys310 KRTYETFkSIMKKSP 9606 BTO:0002207 15152190 t gcesareni "SIRT1 physically interacts with the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and inhibits transcription by deacetylating RelA/p65 at lysine 310." SIGNOR-238817 PDE4DIP protein Q5VU43 UNIPROT PRKAR2A protein P13861 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21569246 t miannu "Mmgl acts as a dual-specific akap by anchoring pka regulatory isoforms r1a and r2a." SIGNOR-173831 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser424 DHDNDKEsDVEI 9606 15805470 t llicata "A protein kinase CK2 phosphoacceptor site in the HDAC3 protein was identified at position Ser424, which is a nonconserved residue among the class I HDACs. Mutation of this residue was found to reduce deacetylase activity." SIGNOR-250889 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000567 12853467 t "14-3-3s bind directly to cardiac PFK-2 phosphorylated by PKB. PFK-2 was phosphorylated on both Ser466 and Ser483 by PKB. the precise mechanism of fru-2,6-P2 regulation by 14-3-3s is still puzzling." SIGNOR-251484 [4-[2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-(1-piperazinyl)methanone chemical CHEBI:91441 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193615 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 22863277 f milica "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2, thereby activating yap and taz transcription coactivators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-198517 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Instead, shh rapidly and locally stimulated phosphorylation of the src family kinase (sfk) members src and fyn in a smo-dependent fashion." SIGNOR-199156 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM11 protein Q96F44 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271083 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9606 15994200 t gcesareni "These observations suggest that RET/PTC is able to phosphorylate the Y315 residue of PKB, an event that results in maximal activation of PKB for RET/PTC-induced thyroid tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-252617 SDHA protein P31040 UNIPROT SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. Four nuclear genes encode the four subunits, SDHA (15 exons), SDHB (8 exons), SDHC (6 exons) and SDHD (4 exons), mapping on to chromosomes 5p15, 1p35-p36.1, 1q21 and 11q23, respectively." SIGNOR-266271 GABRA2 protein P47869 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263753 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270694 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 16630891 t "We have identified a complex comprised of Shoc2/Sur-8 and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) as a highly specific M-Ras effector. M-Ras targets Shoc2-PP1c to stimulate Raf activity by dephosphorylating the S259 inhibitory site of Raf proteins" SIGNOR-251649 TLK1 protein Q9UKI8 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr355 EPSTVPGtPPPKKFR 9606 24376897 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q9UKI8-2" llicata "Here we show that rad9 is phosphorylated in a tlk-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo, and that t355 within the c-terminal tail is the primary targeted residue." SIGNOR-203503 NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000801 29170386 t "Here we report that GRIP1 loss in macrophages attenuates glucocorticoid induction of several anti-inflammatory targets, and that GC treatment of quiescent macrophages globally directs GRIP1 toward GR binding sites dominated by palindromic GC response elements (GRE), suggesting a non-redundant GRIP1 function as a GR coactivator." SIGNOR-256095 PTPN22 protein Q9Y2R2 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr493 LGADDSYyTARSAGK 9606 BTO:0000007 16461343 t miannu "Native ptpn22 dephosphorylated lck and zap70 at their activating tyrosine residues tyr-394 and tyr-493, respectively, but not at the regulatory tyrosines tyr-505 (lck) or tyr-319 (zap70)." SIGNOR-144345 sorafenib chemical CHEBI:50924 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258285 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 GAPPRRSsIRNAHSI 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89186 TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8638164 t lperfetto "The yeast two-hybrid system has now revealed two human proteins, termed tab1 and tab2 (for tak1 binding protein), that interact with tak1. Overproduction of tab1 enhanced activity of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene promoter, which is regulated by tgf-beta, and increased the kinase activity of tak1. . These results define tab2 as an adaptor linking tak1 and traf6 and as a mediator of tak1 activation in the il-1 signaling pathway . taken together, these results indicate that polyubiquitination of rip1 mediates the independent recruitment of tab2 and nemo, which in turn recruits tak1 and ikk, respectively, to tnf-r1." SIGNOR-105860 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser447 YHRSIRHsSIQE 9606 BTO:0000782 20697158 t miannu "Carock2 phosphorylated irf4 at either of 2 distinct phosphorylation sites, s446 and s447 / rock2-mediated phosphorylation of irf4 regulated the synthesis of il-17 and il-21 and the differentiation of th17 cells." SIGNOR-167467 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257965 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser40 GQGAPGPsLTGSPWP -1 11359875 t miannu "MAPKAP-K2 phosphorylates both Ser19 and Ser40 of TH. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) has been reported to require binding of 14-3-3 proteins for optimal activation by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250150 ADRM1 protein Q16186 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263342 FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT Fibrinogen complex SIGNOR-C311 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25427968 t lperfetto "Fibrinogen is a plasma glycoprotein mainly synthesised by hepatocytes and circulating as a 340-kDa hexamer consisting of two sets of three different polypeptide chains (Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma, encoded by the FGA, FGB, and FGG gene, respectively)." SIGNOR-263392 CTNND2 protein Q9UQB3 UNIPROT CDH3 protein P22223 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252130 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249625 F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT APOH protein P02749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Lys336 HSSLAFWKTDASDVK -1 9596664 t lperfetto "In the previous study, we found that factor Xa can produce the nicked form by cleaving Lys 317-Thr 318, using recombinant human domain V (r-Domain V). |The cleavage was completely inhibited by plasmin inhibitor (alpha2PI). The nicked form was demonstrated to show reduced affinity for CL with a dissociation constant of one order of magnitude larger than that of the intact beta2GPI." SIGNOR-266997 MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 21673106 f "miR-143 and miR-145 target KLF4" gcesareni "These results further confirm that bmp4 requires mrtf-a, whereas tgf-_ requires myocd for the induction of pri-mir-143/145 and down-regulation of klf4." SIGNOR-174319 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser338 IEKRYRSsINDKIIE 9606 16381800 t llicata "Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 is negatively modulated by pka phosphorylation. ser338 of srebp-1a and ser314 of srebp-1c are pka phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-143392 F11 protein P03951 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000131 20110423 t lperfetto "Factor XI (FXI) is the zymogen of an enzyme (FXIa) that contributes to hemostasis by activating factor IX.|The characterization of the apple disk structure, and its relationship to the catalytic domain, have provided new insight into the mechanism of FXI activation, the interaction of FXIa with the substrate factor IX, and the binding of FXI to platelets." SIGNOR-263537 MCF2L protein O15068 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260559 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1647 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248770 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser408 GPLPRAPsISTVEPK 9606 26190112 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This in turn leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency." SIGNOR-259863 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites." SIGNOR-252868 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258066 PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 25480299 t lperfetto "As poly(A)+ mRNAs are associated with poly(A) binding protein (PABP) in cells|his result suggests that PABPC1 binds preferentially to long poly(A) tails and protects them from TUT4/7 and thereby enhances the selectivity of uridylation according to poly(A) tail length." SIGNOR-268318 PTH protein P01270 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17656568 f miannu "Parathyroid hormone (PTH) functions as an essential regulator of calcium homeostasis and as a mediator of bone remodeling. We have already shown that PTH stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), which is responsible for degrading components of extracellular matrix." SIGNOR-254234 LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000944 16415042 f "Cleaved by CASP6" amattioni "Nuclear lamin A inhibits adipocyte differentiation: implications for Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy.|We conclude that A-type lamins act as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, possibly by affecting PPARgamma2 and insulin signaling." SIGNOR-45455 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser212 SSAGWKNsIRHNLSL 9606 18394876 t gcesareni "Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity. The other major signaling modules that directly regulate the activity of the foxo factors include the stress-activated jun-n-terminal kinase (jnk), the mammalian ortholog of the ste20-like protein kinase (mst1), and the deacetylase sirt1." SIGNOR-252999 RALGDS protein Q12967 UNIPROT RIT1 protein Q92963 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10545207 t miannu "Rit and Rin were found to interact with the known Ras binding proteins RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6/Canoe. These interactions were GTP and effector domain dependent and suggest that RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6 are Rit and Rin effectors." SIGNOR-220859 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser23 PAPIRRRsSNYRAYA 9606 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134605 ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24646566 t miannu "The key event in activation of fluid secretion is an increase in intracellular [ca2+] ([ca2+]i) triggered by ip3-induced release of ca2+ from er via the ip3r. ip3rs determine the site of initiation and the pattern of [ca2+]i signal in the cell." SIGNOR-256238 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 PPQTSGLsPSRLSKS 9606 SIGNOR-C3 20516213 t fstefani "The protein is phosphorylated mainly on residues s60, s68, and s75, and this inhibits its pol iii repression function. The responsible kinase is mtorc1, which phosphorylates maf1 directly." SIGNOR-165795 CNOT9 protein Q92600 UNIPROT GIGYF1 protein O75420 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20878056 t miannu "Through interaction analysis of RQCD1 with full-length or partial proteins of GIGYF1 and GIGYF2, segments corresponding to 620-665th and 667-712th amino acids were identified as potential interacting regions on GIGYF1 and GIGYF2, respectively, with RQCD1. we found that RQCD1 was required for enhancement of the interaction of Grb10 with GIGYF1 and GIGYF2" SIGNOR-260059 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DPA1 protein P20036 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253995 DLL3 protein Q9NYJ7 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16140393 t lperfetto "Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate choice during development with Delta and Jagged constituting the two evolutionary conserved families of Notch ligands. These ligands are transmembrane proteins with conserved biochemical structure that share their receptors and signal through a common mechanism. Upon ligand binding Notch receptors are proteoliticaly cleaved, the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) is released and translocated to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. In mammals, four receptors and five ligands have been described. Delta-1, Delta-3 and Delta-4 are homologues to Drosophila Delta and Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 to Drosophila Serrate." SIGNOR-254316 N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxylatoethyl)-AMP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57567 ChEBI AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-268067 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser274 DPLPGPGsPSHSAPD 10116 BTO:0000951 15834132 t miannu "Here we show that GRASP65 is phosphorylated on serine 277 in interphase cells, and this is strongly enhanced in response to the addition of serum or epidermal growth factor. This is directly mediated by ERK suggesting that GRASP65 has some role in growth factor signal transduction. These results argue against Ser-277 phosphorylation alone causing the dissolution of GRASP65 oligomers and cisternal unstacking, although it may make a significant contribution to these events." SIGNOR-262841 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271298 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271049 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Thr55 DDIEQWFtEDPGPDE 9606 BTO:0001938 17245430 t "Ablation of the B56gamma protein by RNAi, which abolishes the Thr55 dephosphorylation in response to DNA damage, reduces p53 stabilization, Bax expression and cell apoptosis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms, we have shown that the endogenous B56gamma protein level and association with p53 increase after DNA damage. Finally, we demonstrate that Thr55 dephosphorylation is required for B56gamma3-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and cell transformation." SIGNOR-268154 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 18439900 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of raptor by ampk is required for the inhibition of mtorc1 and cell-cycle arrest induced by energy stress." SIGNOR-216430 EYA3 protein Q99504 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr143 ATQASQEy 9606 20965415 t gcesareni "Tyr142 is dephosphorylated by the tyr phosphatases eya1 and eya3." SIGNOR-168927 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257953 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18498746 t lperfetto "We show that mutation of the phosphorylation site Thr-112 causes decreased binding of Bim to the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 and can increase cell survival." SIGNOR-178676 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 BTO:0000938 10558990 t lperfetto "The rsks phosphorylate the trascription factor creb at serine 133 to promote cell survival." SIGNOR-252782 TFPI protein P10646 UNIPROT VLDLR protein P98155 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278667 t gcesareni "Binding studies revealed that full-length tfpi, but not the truncated tfpi molecule, is recognized by the very low density lipoprotein receptor (vldl receptor) indicating that this receptor is a novel high affinity endothelial cell receptor for tfpi" SIGNOR-106353 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT CRH protein P06850 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000614 8408641 t lperfetto "Evidence of direct estrogenic regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. Potential implications for the sexual dimophism of the stress response and immune/inflammatory reaction.|Gel retardation and immunoprecipitation demonstrated specific association between the perfect half-palindromic EREs of hCRH gene and the DNA binding domain of hER in vitro." SIGNOR-268722 JAZF1 protein Q86VZ6 UNIPROT NR2C2 protein P49116 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15302918 t miannu "Tip27 interacts specifically with tak1 / tip27 functions as a tak1-selective repressor" SIGNOR-127900 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1034 AIETDKEyYTVKDDR -1 12559972 t "Phosphorylation by recombinant JAK3 of a peptide substrate corresponding to the JAK1 activation loop (KAIETDKEYYTVKD)" SIGNOR-251363 HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257073 Dihydromorphine chemical CHEBI:4575 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258787 FOSL2 protein P15408 UNIPROT FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004603 13679379 t Luana "Members of the AP1 family distinctly regulated the fra-1 promoter. In particular, coexpression of c-Jun, Jun-D, and Fra-2 up-regulated fra-1 transcription. " SIGNOR-261602 fumarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29806 ChEBI (S)-malate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15589 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30761759 t miannu "Fumarate hydratases (FHs, fumarases) catalyze the reversible conversion of fumarate into l-malate. FHs are distributed over all organisms and play important roles in energy production, DNA repair and as tumor suppressors." SIGNOR-266278 iloprost chemical CHEBI:63916 ChEBI PTGIR protein P43119 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257574 DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR 3,3'-diiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:35430 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "small molecule catalysis" 9606 BTO:0004055 12746313 t "inferred from family member" scontino "Human type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the conversion of T(4) to rT(3) and of T(3) to 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (T2) by inner-ring deiodination. Like types I and II iodothyronine deiodinases, D3 protein contains selenocysteine (SeC) in the highly conserved core catalytic center at amino acid position 144." SIGNOR-270307 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT JDP2 protein Q8WYK2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr148 VRTDSVKtPESEGNP -1 12225289 t miannu "Wild-type JDP2 exhibited efficient phosphorylation by the p38 kinase, the mutant JDP2 T%)A did not incorporate labelled Figure 5 JDP2 C-terminal domain is necessary but not sufficient for p38 phosphorylation (A) p38 phosphorylated JDP2 at Thr-148. Bacterially purified His-JDP2 (Wt) or His-JDP2 T148A (Ala) were incubated with bacterially purified activated p38 F327S [21] in the presence of [γ- 32P]ATP for 30 min. Proteins were resolved by SDS/PAGE (12 % gel), dried and exposed to autoradiography. (B) The JDP2 C-terminal domain is necessary but not sufficient for phosphorylation by p38 kinase. Bacterially purified GST fusion proteins with full-length JDP2 (Wt) C-terminally truncated JDP2 (∆C) and JDP2 C-terminal fragment (Dock) were used in an in vitro kinase assay as described in (A). A representative experiment is presented. (C) In vitro kinase assay using GST-JDP2 (JDP2wt), JDP2 ∆C and JDP2-Dock as substrates with either activated p38 or HA-JNK2 kinases. Protein mixtures were resolved by SDS/PAGE, fixed, dried and analysed by PhosphorImaging. The results represent meansS.E.M. from three independent experiments. phosphate in the presence of activated p38 kinase. This indicates that both p38 and JNK kinases are able to integrate stress signals to JDP2 Thr-148" SIGNOR-250100 TRIM58 protein Q8NG06 UNIPROT DYNC1I2 protein Q13409 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 25241935 t miannu "Trim58 ubiquitinates dynein and promotes its proteasomal degradation. Trim58 binds DIC directly, polyubiquitinates it in vitro, and induces proteasomal degradation of the dynein holocomplex in vivo." SIGNOR-272841 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr319 TSVYESPySDPEELK 10090 BTO:0000782 10037717 t "the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) ZAP-70 is rapidly phosphorylated on several tyrosine residues, presumably by two mechanisms: an autophosphorylation and a trans-phosphorylation by the Src-family PTK Lck. we demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr319 is required for the positive regulation of ZAP-70 function" SIGNOR-251393 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2J1 protein Q9Y385 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271342 "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "Another central component of the NMDA receptor signaling complex is the scaffold protein PSD-95 (also referred to as SAP-90). The first and second PDZ domains bind tightly to the tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor" SIGNOR-264223 TAB3 protein Q8N5C8 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205449 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16407412 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Using mass spectrometry, we identified raf-1 phosphorylation on three sp motif sites: s289/s296/s301. These sites were phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)-1 in vitro, and their phosphorylation in vivo was dependent on endogenous erk activity. Functionally, erk-1 expression sustains raf-1 activation in a manner dependent on raf-1 phosphorylation on the identified sites, and s289/296/301a substitution markedly decreases the in vivo activity of raf-1 s259a." SIGNOR-270010 EIF2AK1 protein Q9BQI3 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI 9606 3352609 t lperfetto "The wild-type and ser-48 mutant proteins became extensively phosphorylated by eif-2 kinases . The ser-51 mutant showed little covalent modification by the endogenous enzymes. Phosphorylation of the serine 51 residue in the alpha-subunit of translational initiation factor 2 in eukaryotes (eif2 alpha) impairs protein synthesis presumably by sequestering eif2b, a rate-limiting pentameric guanine nucleotide exchange protein which catalyzes the exchange of gtp for gdp in the eif2-gdp binary complex" SIGNOR-24543 TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23129614 f miannu "Cripto, a regulator of early embryogenesis, is a novel regulator of muscle regeneration and satellite cell progression toward the myogenic lineage." SIGNOR-192439 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1787 SPNYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120124 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser857 PPYNRAVsLDSPVSV 9606 BTO:0000551 22505454 t gcesareni "Herein, we report the successful identification of six functional in vivo src-3 phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-196953 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys284 VKSANVKkADSSTTK 9606 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272830 FCGR2B protein P31994 UNIPROT TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 24445665 f lperfetto "Triggering of FcgammaRIIB also subverted the normal activation of DCs by the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. In addition, triggering of FcgammaRIIB by immune complexes might affect the differentiation of moDCs. When moDCs develop from monocytes invitro in the presence of immune complexes, their differentiation is hampered and they no longer produce IL-12 in response to TLR4 agonists." SIGNOR-249525 "2-cyclopentyl-4-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid" chemical CHEBI:95066 ChEBI SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0003136 25458846 t lperfetto "A catalytic small molecule pan-SGK inhibitor, GSK650394 (Sherk et al., 2008) also significantly blocks MCF7, ZR-75-1, and T47D cell migration (Figure 5C, Figures S4B–C). Finally, ectopic expression of SGK3 also promotes invasive migration through Matrigel (Figure 5D). Therefore, SGK3 protein kinase activity promotes migration of breast cancer cells that display elevated levels of INPP4B." SIGNOR-262019 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT ERMAP protein Q96PL5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Upregulation of PTGS2, ANPEP, KDR, UGT8, INHBA, ERMAP, RALGPS1 and SPON1 was confirmed." SIGNOR-261667 TRIP11 protein Q15643 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 9256431 t "inferred from family member" miannu "Trip230 binds to rb independently of thyroid hormone while it forms a complex with tr in a thyroid hormone-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of the protein trip230 in cells, but not a mutant form that does not bind to tr, enhances specifically tr-dependent transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-270295 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT FCGR1A protein P12314 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12393465 f apalma "In patients with t(8;21), expression of the cell surface markers CD11b, CD14, and CD64 was less in comparison to patients without t(8;21) (Figure 5B). CD14 and CD64 promoters have putative PU.1 binding sites but not AML1-, C/EBPŒ±-, or MEF-binding sites suggesting that down-regulation of the function of PU.1 by AML1-ETO could possibly be an important step in progression toward leukemia." SIGNOR-255697 PURA protein Q00577 UNIPROT MYH6 protein P13533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12933792 f miannu "In functional assays, PURalpha and PURbeta repressed alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) gene expression in the presence of upstream regulatory sequences of the gene." SIGNOR-253902 Enolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF74 SIGNOR 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266531 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr632 GRKGSGDyMPMSPKS 10116 11416002 t lperfetto "All known IRS proteins contain multiple YXXM motifs that upon phosphorylation by activated insulin re- ceptors Tyr(612) and Tyr(632) in human insulin receptor substrate-1 are important for full activation of insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and translocation of GLUT4 in adipose cells" SIGNOR-236709 MPHOSPH10 protein O00566 UNIPROT IMP3 protein Q9NV31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 28813493 t miannu "Mpp10 represents a platform for the interaction of multiple factors within the 90S pre-ribosome. In eukaryotes, ribosome assembly is a highly complex process that involves more than 200 assembly factors that ensure the folding, modification and processing of the different rRNA species as well as the timely association of ribosomal proteins. One of these factors, Mpp10 associates with Imp3 and Imp4 to form a complex that is essential for the normal production of the 18S rRNA." SIGNOR-261173 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR KPNA2 protein P52292 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser105 QAARKLLsREKQPPI 9606 15342649 t lperfetto "Ampk phosphorylated importin alpha1 on ser(105). Accordingly, expression of importin alpha1 proteins bearing k22r or s105a mutations failed to mediate the nuclear import of hur in intact cells. Our results point to importin alpha1 as a critical downstream target of ampk and key mediator of ampk-triggered hur nuclear import." SIGNOR-216449 ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256714 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RC3H2 protein Q9HBD1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271006 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser144 DSPALEVsDSESDEA 9606 BTO:0000567 10618498 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the Spi-B transcription factor reduces its intrinsic stability. | Serine residues 37 in the transactivation domain and 129, 144 and 146 in the PEST domain of Spi-B are phosphorylated by CKII in vitro | The CKII phosphorylation sites mapped in vitro are phosphorylated in vivo" SIGNOR-251040 GOLPH3 protein Q9H4A6 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000018;BTO:0005011 19553991 f "Mechanistically, GOLPH3 regulates cell size, enhances growth factor-induced mTOR signaling in human cancer cells and alters response to mTOR inhibitor in vivo." SIGNOR-253556 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser93 RVPKDRPsLTVTPKR 9606 BTO:0000567 21658950 t miannu "Phosphorylation by Aurora B is required for full Haspin activity toward H3T3 in mitosis" SIGNOR-262657 KLHL12 protein Q53G59 UNIPROT SEC31A protein O94979 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22358839 t miannu "By analyzing mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) division, we have identified Cul3Klhl12 as a regulator of COPII coat formation. Cul3Klhl12 monoubiquitinates Sec31 and drives assembly of large COPII-coats. As a result, ubiquitination by Cul3Klhl12 is essential for collagen export, a step that is required for integrin-dependent mESC division." SIGNOR-272010 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000785 17681947 t gcesareni "Rptpbeta/zeta dephosphorylates alk at the site(s) in alk that is undergoing autophosphorylation through autoactivation." SIGNOR-157175 TGFb proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF5 SIGNOR SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30017632 f miannu "Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis and causes tissue scarring largely by activating its downstream small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling. Different TGF-β signalings play different roles in fibrogenesis. TGF-β1 directly activates Smad signaling which triggers pro-fibrotic gene overexpression. Excessive studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway was an important pathogenic mechanism in tissue fibrosis. Smad2 and Smad3 are the two major downstream regulator that promote TGF-β1-mediated tissue fibrosis, while Smad7 serves as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1/Smad pathway thereby protects against TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis." SIGNOR-260428 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "SCP1 Dephosphorylates Smad2/3 in the Linkers|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248797 MFNG protein O00587 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10935626 t Fucosylation gcesareni "Manic fringe elongates the o-linked fucose saccharides on full-length notch1 and notch1 egf repeats 1923." SIGNOR-80555 NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12857757 t gcesareni "We show that mammalian aph-1 (maph-1), a conserved multipass membrane protein, physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human cell lines and in rat brain. Similar to the loss of presenilin or nicastrin, the inactivation of endogenous maph-1 using small interfering rnas results in the decrease of presenilin levels, accumulation of gamma-secretase substrates (app carboxyl-terminal fragments), and reduction of gamma-secretase products (amyloid-beta peptides and the intracellular domains of app and notch)." SIGNOR-103611 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr221 GGPEPGPyAQPSVNT 9606 BTO:0000007 9642287 t llicata "To address these questions, we have developed an antibody that specifically recognizes the CrkII protein phosphorylated on Tyr221, and we found that the EGF receptor directly phosphorylates CrkII on Tyr221. Furthermore, we observed that the phosphorylation of Tyr221 of CrkII correlated with its dissociation from the EGF receptor, implicating the phosphorylation of Tyr221 in the negative feedback of binding to the EGF receptor." SIGNOR-251091 ANAPC1 protein Q9H1A4 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252001 HOXD12 protein P35452 UNIPROT MAFG protein O15525 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221958 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr221 IRAKIQDyHILTRKR 9606 BTO:0000007 15143187 t "JAK2 is autophosphorylated on tyrosines 221 and 1007. tyrosines 221 and 570 in JAK2 may serve as regulatory sites in JAK2, with phosphorylation of tyrosine 221 increasing kinase activity and phosphorylation of tyrosine 570 decreasing kinase activity" SIGNOR-251356 DCAF12 protein Q5T6F0 UNIPROT MAGEA3 protein P43357 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002806 31267705 t miannu " The CRL4‐DCAF12 E3 ubiquitin ligase degrades MAGE‐A3/6" SIGNOR-272254 SETDB1 protein Q15047 UNIPROT SETDB1/NLK/CHD7 complex SIGNOR-C189 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 21952300 t FFerrentino "The non-canonical WNT ligand WNT5A activates the histone methyltransferase SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1)42. SETDB1 forms a complex with chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 7 (CHD7) and NEMO-like kinase (NLK) to inhibit the ability of PPARγ to transcriptionally activate its downstream metabolic target genes in the MSC cell line ST2 and in 3T3‑L1 cells42,43." SIGNOR-253522 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser280 VDGTGDTsSEEDEDE -1 11278496 t llicata "We now show that human TFIIA is phosphorylated in vivo on serine residues that are partially conserved between yeast and human TFIIA large subunits. Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo. Additional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels. Mutation of all four serine residues reduced the ability of TFIIA to stimulate transcription in transient transfection assays with various activators and promoters, indicating that TFIIA phosphorylation is required globally for optimal function." SIGNOR-250874 SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15265865 t miannu "Synapsins, a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins, have been demonstrated to regulate the availability of synaptic vesicles for exocytosis by binding to both synaptic vesicles and the actin cytoskeleton in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-269184 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT COPS5 protein Q92905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr205 EGPSEYQtIPLNKIE -1 31950832 t lperfetto "Overexpression of IKKalpha or IKKbeta leads to enhanced phosphorylation of CSN5, the catalytic subunit for CSN deneddylase activity. Mutational analyses have revealed that phosphorylation at serine 201 and threonine 205 of CSN5 impairs CSN-mediated deneddylation activity in vitro." SIGNOR-275508 MRAP2 protein Q96G30 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce the surface expression of MC4R and also the signaling of this receptor. we observed a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of MC4R and MC5R in the presence of MRAP and MRAP2. It is interesting that MRAP and MRAP2 have opposite effects in the modulation of different MCR family members." SIGNOR-252363 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Phe117 MEILRGDfSSANNRD -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-14 27YVATRDN g-chain| 105XDAATLKSR g-chain | 92LTYNPDES g-chain |105LTTNIXEXL a-chain|433LVTSKGDKE a-chain| 117FXSANNRD a-chain" SIGNOR-263621 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 VVGARRSsWRVVSSI 9606 12861023 t lperfetto "We confirmed that MAPKAPK2 interacted with and phosphorylated 14-3-3zeta in vitro and in HEK293 cells. | Experimentally, S58D mutation significantly impaired both 14-3-3zeta dimerization and binding to Raf-1." SIGNOR-249222 ADCY2 protein Q08462 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265004 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CAV2 protein P51636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr19 LFMDDDSySHHSGLE 9606 12091389 t lperfetto "We show that caveolin-2 undergoes src-induced phosphorylation on tyrosine 19. we conclude that the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-2 (tyr(p)(19)) may function as a signal that is recognized by the cellular machinery to induce the dissociation of caveolin-2 from caveolin-1 oligomers" SIGNOR-90225 MAST1 protein Q9Y2H9 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15951562 t gcesareni "Mast1 was found to associate to pten." SIGNOR-138003 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 11875057 t gcesareni "In response to ionizing radiation (ir), atm, the gene product mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, stabilizes and activates p53 through phosphorylation of ser15 and (indirectly) ser20. Here we show that phosphorylation of p53 on ser46, a residue important for p53 apoptotic activity, as well as on ser9, in response to ir also is dependent on the atm protein kinase. one pathway involves the phosphorylation of p53 and its negative regulator mdm2 by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) and chk2 causing p53 activation and stabilization." SIGNOR-115340 GATAD2A protein Q86YP4 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes." SIGNOR-263858 pertuzumab antibody DB06366 DRUGBANK ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000176 15093539 t miannu "Pertuzumab binds to ErbB2 near the center of domain II, sterically blocking a binding pocket necessary for receptor dimerization and signaling." SIGNOR-259900 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PNKP protein Q96T60 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser126 PPGTPLVsQDEKRDA 9606 21824916 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that pnkp is phosphorylated by the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm) in vitro. The major phosphorylation site for both kinases was serine 114, with serine 126 being a minor site. Purified pnkp protein with mutation of serines 114 and 126 had decreased dna kinase and dna phosphatase activities and reduced affinity for dna in vitro." SIGNOR-176012 SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272281 "MIS12 complex" complex SIGNOR-C362 SIGNOR "KMN network" complex SIGNOR-C366 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 18007590 t lperfetto "The 10-subunit KMN assembly (comprising KNL1, MIS12, and NDC80 complexes, designated KNL1C, MIS12C, and NDC80C) binds microtubules and regulates mitotic checkpoint function through NDC80C and KNL1C," SIGNOR-265216 PITX1 protein P78337 UNIPROT GNRH1 protein P01148 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19106114 f miannu "Knockdown of PITX1 or PITX2 isoforms impaired GNRH1 induction, and endogenous PITX1 bound to the candidate PITX binding site on the LHB promoter." SIGNOR-254921 LYPLA2 protein O95372 UNIPROT GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" deacetylation Cys3 cCMRRTKQ 9606 BTO:0000567 21152083 t miannu "Acyl-protein thioesterase 2 catalyzes the deacylation of peripheral membrane-associated GAP-43. In this work, we investigated the deacylation of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), a dually acylated protein at cysteine residues 3 and 4. Thus, the results demonstrate that APT-2 is the protein thioesterase involved in the acylation/deacylation cycle operating in GAP-43 subcellular distribution.we demonstrated that the reduction in the protein level was abrogated when cells were also treated with proteasome inhibitors (chloroquine, MG132 and lactacystin) which strongly suggest that GAP-43 deacylation is an early and necessary step for its later ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. In addition, it also suggests that acyl-protein thioesterase levels not only regulate palmitate turnover but also global protein turnover of GAP-43." SIGNOR-266767 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 21875946 t gcesareni "We discovered that ryk both physically and functionally interacts with the e3 ubiquitin ligase mind bomb 1 (mib1).We Found that overexpressed ryk and mib1 colocalized and that the overexpression of mib1 leads to the loss of surface ryk expression. In addition, biochemical studies revealed that mib1 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of ryk. Endogenous ryk and mib1 were required for the wnt-dependent activation of wnt/ctnnb1 signaling" SIGNOR-176282 NUP210 protein Q8TEM1 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262072 TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT TUBA1B protein P68363 UNIPROT down-regulates tyrosination 9606 22020298 t miannu "Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization" SIGNOR-176915 tandutinib chemical CHEBI:90237 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258299 RNF19A protein Q9NV58 UNIPROT SNCAIP protein Q9Y6H5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12750386 t miannu "Ubiquitylation of synphilin-1 by Dorfin. A, synphilin-1 is ubiquitylated in HEK293 cells. Several lines of evidence have suggested that derangements in the ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation pathway may have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of PD (5). Our present study shows that Dorfin, an E3 ubiquityl ligase, is colocalized with ubiquitin in LBs of PD and physically binds to ubiquitylate synphilin-1, which is known to be a major component of LBs" SIGNOR-271455 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser230 LKRNRYLsFHFKSGS 15870194 t lperfetto "Site-directed mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, and kinetic analyses identified S(230) in hBVR (225)RNRYLSF sequence as the Akt1 target." SIGNOR-275517 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr830 PLEEQCEyLSYDASQ 9606 20431062 t lperfetto "Vegfr-3 is a direct c-src target and mass spectrometry analysis identified the sites phosphorylated by c-src as tyrosine 830, 833, 853, 1063, 1333, and 1337 vegfr-3 phosphorylation activates the recruitment to the receptor of the adaptor proteins crki/ii and shc inducing activation of jnk." SIGNOR-165047 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269293 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15694340 t gcesareni "Bim can induce apoptosis by interacting with anti-apoptotic members of the bcl2 family, including bcl2, bcl-xl and mcl-1.Bim binds bcl-2, bcl2l1, bcl2l2, mcl1 and a1 tightly." SIGNOR-133829 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1 " SIGNOR-271626 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 10640274 t miannu "We find that p53 promotes Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the HIF-1alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates cellular energy metabolism and angiogenesis in response to oxygen deprivation." SIGNOR-271385 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 QATQPLAtPVVSVTT 9606 9858528 t lperfetto "We show that mef2a, but not mef2b or mef2d, is a substrate for p38. Threonines 312 and 319 are the key regulatory phosphorylation sites by p38 in mef2a. Phosphorylation at these sites enhances transcriptional activity of mef2a" SIGNOR-62780 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CTNNA1 protein P35221 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser641 TPEELDDsDFETEDF 9606 BTO:0000527 19941816 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that egfr activation results in disruption of the complex of beta-catenin and alpha-catenin, thereby abrogating the inhibitory effect of alpha-catenin on beta-catenin transactivation via ck2alpha-dependent phosphorylation of alpha-catenin at s641." SIGNOR-161847 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257942 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001760 10576741 t gcesareni "The stage-specific inhibitory action of Akt correlated with its stage-specific ability to form a complex with Raf, suggesting the existence of differentially expressed mediators of an inhibitory Akt-Raf complex." SIGNOR-72669 NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28831067 f lperfetto "The NXF1:NXT1 complex and NUP153 interact with the amino terminus of SUN1 |In analogy to a proposal made by Chang et al.4, Nesprins could help anchoring SUN1 near the NPC to enable it to fulfill its task in mRNA export." SIGNOR-263295 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 18025157 t "We show that PML-RARα physically interacts with Sp1 in the absence of DNA. In this report, we show that PML-RARα interacts with Sp1 and may interfere with the expression of genes that are not normally regulated by retinoic acid receptors." SIGNOR-255729 TFAP4 protein Q01664 UNIPROT NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 19505873 t miannu "We also observed moderately increased recruitment of CTCF, HDAC1, and SP1 by the full-length AP-4 onto the WT DNA beads." SIGNOR-226586 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19653274 f gcesareni "Expression of Lef-1 FL, but not the newly identified Lef-1 Deltaexon VI, induced the expression of the cell cycle regulating proteins c-myc and cyclin D1 in cooperation with beta-catenin and it enhanced cell proliferation" SIGNOR-245351 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1764 RPSGRREsLTSFGNG 10116 BTO:0004578 8132598 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. | The synthetic peptide corresponding to serine 1755 (GRRESLTSFG) was phosphorylated with aKm in the range of 30-40 microM by both kinases. The kinetic analysis revealed that this peptide substrate is the best substrate described for cGMP kinase to date. Vascular smooth muscle cells prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate and treated with atrial natriuretic peptide or sodium nitroprusside to elevate cGMP also resulted in increased labeling of the IP3 receptor. Phosphorylation of IP3 receptor by cGMP kinase may regulate the function of IP3 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells and contribute to the effect of cGMP to regulate intracellular calcium levels." SIGNOR-248916 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT STIM1 protein Q13586 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser575 LVEKLPDsPALAKKA 9606 BTO:0000222 22298426 t gcesareni "The netrin-2-mediated nfatc3 activation was coincident with robust interactions between cdo and stim1 in myoblasts and the erk-mediated stim1 phosphorylation at serine 575" SIGNOR-192788 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260089 CD3E protein P07766 UNIPROT NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000661 12110186 t "We present strong evidence that ligand engagement of TCR-CD3 induces a conformational change that exposes a proline-rich sequence in CD3ϵ and results in recruitment of the adaptor protein Nck." SIGNOR-259934 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine chemical CHEBI:48518 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-106484 EFNB1 protein P98172 UNIPROT EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11713248 t tpavlidou "We show here that despite its lack of kinase activity, ephb6 undergoes inducible tyrosine phosphorylation upon stimulation with the eph-b receptor subfamily ligand ephrin-b1. Overexpression of a catalytically active member of the eph-b subfamily, ephb1, resulted in increased ephb6 phosphorylation. Ephb1-induced ephb6 phosphorylation was ligand-dependent and required the functional catalytic activity of ephb1." SIGNOR-111851 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001271 20675402 t lperfetto "We found that while c-cbl e3 ligase induced ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mature and phosphorylated bcr-abl proteins" SIGNOR-167194 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT KLF5 protein Q13887 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000746 27777311 t "We show that in addition, DEX-bound GR directly promotes the expression of adipogenic TFs, including C/EBPβ, Klf5, Klf9, and C/EBPα" SIGNOR-256118 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23836662 f miannu "We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254156 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT SLAMF1 protein Q13291 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr307 QDPCTTIyVAATEPV 9534 BTO:0000298 11806999 t "All 3 tyrosines of CD150 (Tyr281, Tyr307, Tyr327) are phosphorylated by the src kinase Fyn. CD150 is unique among its homologues in the immunoglobulin superfamily in that it is able to bind SAP, a floating SH2 domain, in the absence of tyrosine phosphorylation. In this study, using a detailed mutagenesis mapping approach we have shown that SAP binding to CD150 is in fact bimodal. Prior to tyrosine phosphorylation, SAP binds the membrane-proximal motif surrounding Tyr281. Following tyrosine phosphorylation by tyrosine kinases such as Fyn, SAP binds additionally to the distal motif surrounding Tyr327." SIGNOR-251182 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271299 UBR2 protein Q8IWV8 UNIPROT RECQL4 protein O94761 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15317757 t miannu "The isolated recql4, assayed as a complex with ubr1 and ubr2, exhibited dna-stimulated atpase activity but was inactive as either dna helicase or dna translocase / the discovery, in the present work, that these ub ligases, ubr1 and ubr2, interact with the putative helicase recql4 (fig. 2), and that recql4 is a long-lived, non-ubiquitylated protein in hela cells" SIGNOR-128214 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT HHEX protein Q03014 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28213513 t "We identified Hhex as a direct target of RUNX1 and FLT3-ITD stimulation and confirmed high HHEX expression in FLT3-ITD AMLs. HHEX could replace RUNX1 in cooperating with FLT3-ITD to induce AML." SIGNOR-256305 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10085140 t lperfetto "On the other hand, sapks such as jnks and p38 phosphorylate atf-2 at thr-69, thr-71, and ser-90 which lie close to the n-terminal transcriptional activation domain and stimulate itstrans-activating capacity our results indicate that atf-2 not only directly binds to smad3/4 hetero-oligomers but also that atf-2 is phosphorylated by tgf- signaling via tak1 and p38." SIGNOR-65593 ZDHHC5 protein Q9C0B5 UNIPROT S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation 9606 BTO:0000793 29185452 t "We propose that DHHC5-mediated palmitoylation of S1P1R determines Gi coupling and its signalling in a spatio/temporal manner." SIGNOR-261140 NUP58 protein Q9BVL2 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262077 "GABA-B receptor" complex SIGNOR-C336 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 9872316 f brain lperfetto "GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, where it exerts its effects through ionotropic (GABA(A/C)) receptors to produce fast synaptic inhibition and metabotropic (GABA(B)) receptors to produce slow, prolonged inhibitory signals." SIGNOR-263794 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SRDPVARtSPLQTPA 9606 18570871 t gcesareni "Together, our findings demonstrate that jnk1-mediated multisite phosphorylation of bcl-2 stimulates starvation-induced autophagy by disrupting the bcl-2/beclin 1 complex." SIGNOR-179096 ZMIZ1 protein Q9ULJ6 UNIPROT Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001825 26522984 f miannu "Our data suggest that Zmiz1 and Notch1 cooperatively recruit each other to chromatin through direct interaction via the TPR resulting in a slight increase in activating histone marks and decrease of repressive histone marks." SIGNOR-263938 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 21078818 f lperfetto "We demonstrate here that prototype canonical wnt3a and noncanonical wnt5a ligands specifically trigger completely unrelated endogenous coreceptors-lrp5/6 and ror1/2, respectively-through a common mechanism that involves their wnt-dependent coupling to the frizzled (fzd) coreceptor and recruitment of shared components, including dishevelled (dvl), axin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3)." SIGNOR-227958 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr131 LERAKRAtIMSLEDF 9606 BTO:0000142 21677187 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that disc1 and pde4 modulate nde1 phosphorylation by camp-dependent protein kinase a (pka) and identify a novel pka substrate site on nde1 at threonine-131 (t131).Since phosphorylated t131 is detectable at multiple subcellular locations (centrosome, nucleus, postsynaptic density, proximal axon), there is potential for disc1/pde4 to influence several important brain processes that critically depend on the nde1/ndel1/lis1 comple" SIGNOR-174410 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2T protein Q9NPD8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271316 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT EPN1 protein Q9Y6I3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser382 FSDPWGGsPAKPSTN 10029 BTO:0000246 10764745 t miannu "Phosphorylation of POB1 and Epsin by p34cdc2 kinase. Their phosphorylation sites (Ser411 of POB1 and Ser357 of Epsin) were determined. Phosphorylated Epsin and EpsinS357D formed a complex with α-adaptin less efficiently than wild type Epsin." SIGNOR-262723 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 8099587 t Luana "17 beta-HSD type 2 was capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione as well as estradiol and estrone. " SIGNOR-269761 AIP protein O00170 UNIPROT GREB1 protein Q4ZG55 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 21984905 f miannu "We show that XAP2 is recruited to the promoter of ERα regulated genes like the breast cancer marker gene pS2 or GREB1 and negatively regulate the expression of these genes in MCF-7 cells." SIGNOR-253735 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser585 RLPKNRHsPSWSPDG 9606 20864540 t lperfetto "Importantly, nlp is characterized as a novel substrate of aurora b and can be phosphorylated by aurora b. The specific phosphorylation sites are mapped at ser-185, ser-448, and ser-585. The phosphorylation at ser-448 and ser-585 is likely required for nlp association with aurora b and localization at midbody. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation at ser-185 is vital to nlp protein stability. Disruptions of these phosphorylation sites abolish cytokinesis and lead to chromosomal instability." SIGNOR-168053 PRKAR1B protein P31321 UNIPROT PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258756 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C14 23332762 t gcesareni "Ikk phosphorylates bad at serine-26 (ser26) and primes it for inactivation." SIGNOR-192614 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser558 GSSQGRNsPAPAVTA 10090 BTO:0000964 34048556 t lperfetto "Once an oocyte resumes meiosis, activated CDK1 and ERK1/2 cooperatively mediate the phosphorylation of three serine residues of PAPalpha, 537, 545 and 558, thereby leading to increased activity." SIGNOR-268343 PASK protein Q96RG2 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 16275910 t gcesareni "Recombinant human PASK (hPASK) phosphorylates purified muscle glycogen synthase, causing robust inactivation. Furthermore, hPASK interacts directly with glycogen synthase when expressed in cultured cells and this interaction and the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase by human PASK (hPASK) are inhibited by glycogen." SIGNOR-245866 BUD13 protein Q9BRD0 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270672 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT LRP2 protein P98164 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10116 28659595 t miannu "We show that megalin/LRP-2 acts as an endocytic receptor for proMMP-2:TIMP-2 complex. We found that RAP, an antagonist of the LDL receptor family18, competed with binding of proMMP-2:TIMP-2 complex onto rat BN16 epithelial cells." SIGNOR-265255 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr342 ASEKFAQtVMTSRIV 9606 BTO:0000007 17141195 t lperfetto "The present data indicate that the kinase activity of irak-4 is dependent on the autophosphorylations at t342" SIGNOR-151006 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19426560 t amattioni "Crk can interact directly with tyrosine kinase receptors (for example pdgfr?) And can transmit signals downstream" SIGNOR-185664 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr200 SMESIDDyVNVPESG 9606 BTO:0000782 16938345 t gcesareni "Both lck and syk, phosphorylate the itam-like motifs on lat at y171y191, which is essential for induction of the interaction of lat with downstream signaling molecules such as grb2, plc-gamma1 and c-cbl, and for activation of mapk-erk." SIGNOR-149174 "CPSF complex" complex SIGNOR-C53 SIGNOR PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 14749727 t lperfetto "Recombinant hfip1 is sufficient to stimulate the in vitro polyadenylation activity of pap in a u-rich element-dependent manner. hfip1, cpsf160 and pap form a ternary complex in vitro, suggesting that hfip1 and cpsf160 act together in poly(a) site recognition and in cooperative recruitment of pap to the rna." SIGNOR-268323 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 22863277 t gcesareni "Lpa binds to a family of gpcrs known as lpa receptors (lpa1-6) to initiate intracellular signaling. Lpa1 was highly expressed and lpa3 was detectable in hek293a cells compared to other lpa receptors." SIGNOR-198526 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT NFKBIB protein Q15653 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9480845 t gcesareni "Overexpression oftak1together with its activator protein,tak1binding protein 1 (tab1), induced thenucleartranslocation of nf-kappa b p50/p65 heterodimer accompanied by the degradation of i kappa b alpha and i kappa b beta, and the expression of kappa b-dependent reporter gene." SIGNOR-55719 MMP19 protein Q99542 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272386 "orotidine 5'-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57538 ChEBI UMP smallmolecule CHEBI:16695 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 2912371 t miannu "Uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase contains two sequential catalytic activities for the synthesis of orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) from orotate (EC 2.4.2.10, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and the decarboxylation of OMP to form UMP (EC 4.1.1.23, OMP decarboxylase)." SIGNOR-267439 AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT CD3D protein P04234 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11724934 t miannu "Gp78 specifically recruits MmUBC7, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) implicated in ER-associated degradation (ERAD), through a region distinct from the RING finger. gp78 can target itself for proteasomal degradation in a RING finger- and MmUBC7-dependent manner. Importantly, gp78 can also mediate degradation of CD3-delta, a well-characterized ERAD substrate. " SIGNOR-272670 PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 16982762 t gcesareni "Pbk/topk could phosphorylate histone h3 at ser10 in vitro and in vivo, and mediated its growth-promoting effect through histone h3 modification." SIGNOR-265364 GPKOW protein Q92917 UNIPROT DHX16 protein O60231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 25296192 t miannu "In this report, we showed that GPKOW interacted directly with the DHX16/hPRP2 and with RNA. Immuno-depletion of GPKOW from HeLa nuclear extracts resulted in an inactive spliceosome that still bound DHX16." SIGNOR-266300 FKBP1A protein P62942 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005493 8756725 t lperfetto "Blocking fkbp12/type i receptor interaction with fk506 nonfunctional derivatives enhances the ligand activity, indicating that fkbp12 binding is inhibitory to the signaling pathways of the tgf beta family ligands" SIGNOR-236142 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3" SIGNOR-236242 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser697 QPSTASNsLPEPAKK 9606 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251282 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT OCA2 protein Q04671 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22234890 f miannu "the SNP rs12913832 has strong statistical association with human pigmentation. It is located within an intron of the nonpigment gene HERC2, 21 kb upstream of the pigment gene OCA2, and the region surrounding rs12913832 is highly conserved among animal species.In darkly pigmented human melanocytes carrying the rs12913832 T-allele, we detected binding of the transcription factors HLTF, LEF1, and MITF to the HERC2 rs12913832 enhancer, and a long-range chromatin loop between this enhancer and the OCA2 promoter that leads to elevated OCA2 expression." SIGNOR-254555 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 17300219 t gcesareni "The n-terminal domain of maml1 directly interacts with both p300 and histones, and the p300-maml1 complex specifically acetylates histone h3 and h4 tails in chromatin. Furthermore, p300 acetylates maml1 and evolutionarily conserved lysine residues in the maml1 n-terminus are direct substrates for p300-mediated acetylation." SIGNOR-153035 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 AEAFLGFsYAPPTDS 9606 SIGNOR-C2 18925875 t gcesareni "Mtorc2 immunoprecipitated from wild-type, but not from mlst8- or rictor-knockout cells, phosphorylated sgk1 at ser(422)" SIGNOR-181531 4-[2-(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-5-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]-N-[(1S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:95049 ChEBI MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 31482470 t miannu "In the present study, we have shown that ERK2 inhibitor VX-11e demonstrates a potent synergy with voreloxin in leukemia cell lines and that this effect is associated with the inhibition of proliferation, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis." SIGNOR-262244 POLE2 protein P56282 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase epsilon" complex SIGNOR-C377 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10801849 t lperfetto "Identification and cloning of two histone fold motif-containing subunits of HeLa DNA polymerase epsilon." SIGNOR-265519 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CELF2 protein O95319 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr63 LKELFEPyGAVYQIN -1 17855367 t miannu "Site-directed mutagenesis of putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites in CUGBP2 identified tyrosine 39 as a c-Src target, and a CUGBP2 with a mutated tyrosine 39 displayed an attenuated ability to bind COX-2 mRNA." SIGNOR-263195 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2035 GIKTSEGtPGFRAPE 9606 BTO:0000938 20595391 t lperfetto "Three putative autophosphorylation sites (thr-2031, ser-2032, and thr-2035) have been identified within the activation segment of the lrrk2 kinase domain based on sequence homology to mixed-lineage kinases. Phosphorylation at one or more of these sites is critical for the kinase activity of lrrk2." SIGNOR-166474 dabrafenib chemical CHEBI:75045 ChEBI CDK16 protein Q00536 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 29112787 t Monia "We have identified dabrafenib as a potent inhibitor of NEK9 and CDK16, and our studies suggest that inhibition of these kinases may have activity against cancers that do not harbor BRAF mutations. We confirmed NEK9 to be a potent target of dabrafenib by in vitro kinase assays, with inhibition of NEK9 observed in the single-digit nanomolar range." SIGNOR-261073 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser430 DTLTPPPsDAGSPFQ 9606 BTO:0000007 19126544 t lperfetto "Importantly, we demonstrate that the mature form of endogenous SREBP1 is phosphorylated on Ser-434. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylates Ser-434, and the phosphorylation of this residue is attenuated in response to insulin signaling. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Ser-434 promotes the glycogen synthase kinase-3-dependent phosphorylation of Thr-426 and Ser-430 and destabilizes SREBP1." SIGNOR-236030 INPPL1 protein O15357 UNIPROT CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15668240 t gcesareni "This association between ship2 and cbl could sequester cbl from the egfr, thereby regulating the kinetics of egfr-cbl association and subsequent internalization and degradation of the receptor." SIGNOR-133388 hydrosulfide smallmolecule CHEBI:29919 ChEBI Vasodilation phenotype SIGNOR-PH223 SIGNOR up-regulates 26539823 f lperfetto "We have recently shown, that in arterial (HAEC) end venular (HUVEC) endothelial cells, GPBAR1 agonism increases the expression/ activity of cystathione-γ-liase (CSE, CTH, EC 4.4.1), a key enzyme in the “trans-sulfuration pathway” that generates hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a vasodilatory agent" SIGNOR-275831 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser40 GQGAPGPsLTGSPWP -1 11359875 t miannu "HTH1 was phosphorylated at Ser40 by PKA. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) has been reported to require binding of 14-3-3 proteins for optimal activation by phosphorylation. phosphorylationof hTH1‚4 at Ser40, to a stoichiometry of up to 1.0 molphosphate per mol TH subunit, dramatically increases their binding to 14-3-3 proteins." SIGNOR-250061 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 AHSIHQRsRKRLSQD 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89158 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser418 TEERLPSsPVYEDAA 9606 BTO:0000938 21079800 t gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-169678 WIPI2 protein Q9Y4P8 UNIPROT ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "WIPI1 assists WIPI2 in recruiting ATG16L for LC3 lipidation. WIPI1-WIPI2 heterodimer may function more efficiently in ATG16L complex recruitment." SIGNOR-268478 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 7758105 t lperfetto "We have identified a novel 34 kda protein, designated tradd, that specifically interacts with an intracellular domain of tnfr1 tradd interacts with the death domain of tnfrsf1a to initiate distinct signaling cascades for two of the most important biological activities of tnf, nf-kb activation and programmed cell death tradd, a novel protein that specifically interacts with the death domain of tnfr1 and activates signaling pathways for both of these activities when overexpressed." SIGNOR-32739 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001073 29407449 t scontino "T3 binds its receptor (TR) in the nucleus. TRs are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the type II group of NHRs. TRs are encoded by two genes, Thra and Thrb." SIGNOR-267254 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258550 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1799 RRLSNVSsSGSINLL -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250167 BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 14672706 f lperfetto "We show here an autofeedback loop of Dec1 encoding a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor: CLOCK/BMAL increased the promoter activity of Dec1, and DEC1 and DEC2 as well as PERs and CRYs suppressed the induced expression." SIGNOR-253715 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MEFV protein O15553 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 VRLRRNAsSAGRLQG 10090 BTO:0004732 27270401 t no miannu "PKNs bind to human pyrin and phosphorylate S208 and S242. Pyrin forms an inflammasome when mutant or in response to bacterial modification of the GTPase RhoA. We found that RhoA activated the serine-threonine kinases PKN1 and PKN2 that bind and phosphorylate pyrin. Phosphorylated pyrin bound to 14-3-3 proteins, regulatory proteins that in turn blocked the pyrin inflammasome." SIGNOR-275462 PKN2 protein Q16513 UNIPROT MEFV protein O15553 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser242 SGKMRPRsLEVTIST 10090 BTO:0004732 27270401 t no miannu "PKNs bind to human pyrin and phosphorylate S208 and S242. Pyrin forms an inflammasome when mutant or in response to bacterial modification of the GTPase RhoA. We found that RhoA activated the serine-threonine kinases PKN1 and PKN2 that bind and phosphorylate pyrin. Phosphorylated pyrin bound to 14-3-3 proteins, regulatory proteins that in turn blocked the pyrin inflammasome." SIGNOR-275463 PKN2 protein Q16513 UNIPROT MEFV protein O15553 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 VRLRRNAsSAGRLQG 10090 BTO:0004732 27270401 t no miannu "PKNs bind to human pyrin and phosphorylate S208 and S242. Pyrin forms an inflammasome when mutant or in response to bacterial modification of the GTPase RhoA. We found that RhoA activated the serine-threonine kinases PKN1 and PKN2 that bind and phosphorylate pyrin. Phosphorylated pyrin bound to 14-3-3 proteins, regulatory proteins that in turn blocked the pyrin inflammasome." SIGNOR-275464 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004732 27270401 t no miannu "PKNs bind to human pyrin and phosphorylate S208 and S242. Pyrin forms an inflammasome when mutant or in response to bacterial modification of the GTPase RhoA. We found that RhoA activated the serine-threonine kinases PKN1 and PKN2 that bind and phosphorylate pyrin. Phosphorylated pyrin bound to 14-3-3 proteins, regulatory proteins that in turn blocked the pyrin inflammasome." SIGNOR-275465 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT PKN2 protein Q16513 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004732 27270401 t no miannu "PKNs bind to human pyrin and phosphorylate S208 and S242. Pyrin forms an inflammasome when mutant or in response to bacterial modification of the GTPase RhoA. We found that RhoA activated the serine-threonine kinases PKN1 and PKN2 that bind and phosphorylate pyrin. Phosphorylated pyrin bound to 14-3-3 proteins, regulatory proteins that in turn blocked the pyrin inflammasome." SIGNOR-275466 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT ECT2 protein Q9H8V3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr359 YLYEKANtPELKKSV 9606 BTO:0000551 21189248 t gcesareni "Our data support a model in which pkc?-Mediated phosphorylation regulates ect2 binding to the oncogenic pkc?-Par6 complex thereby activating rac1 activity and driving transformed growth and invasion." SIGNOR-170790 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr317 RGALVRGtPVRGAIT 9606 9315091 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of sam68 by purified cdc2." SIGNOR-51275 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT CDC26 protein Q8NHZ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr7 tRLELKLD 25723520 t lperfetto "LATS1 and LATS2 phosphorylate CDC26 to modulate assembly of the tetratricopeptide repeat subcomplex of APC/C|Overall, these results suggest that LATS1/2 are novel kinases involved in APC/C phosphorylation and indicate a direct regulatory link between LATS1/2 and APC/C|Here, we demonstrate that LATS1 phosphorylates the Thr7 (T7) residue of the APC/C component CDC26 directly" SIGNOR-275472 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT MTF1 protein Q14872 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser152 EGCPRTYsTAGNLRT 35027733 t lperfetto "The Hippo pathway kinases LATS1 and LATS2 attenuate cellular responses to heavy metals through phosphorylating MTF1|the Hippo pathway kinase LATS phosphorylates and inhibits MTF1|LATS phosphorylates MTF1 at S152 and disrupts its association with the promoters of heavy metal response genes, resulting in the loss of heavy metal response gene expression" SIGNOR-275473 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT CDC26 protein Q8NHZ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr7 tRLELKLD 25723520 t lperfetto "LATS1 and LATS2 phosphorylate CDC26 to modulate assembly of the tetratricopeptide repeat subcomplex of APC/C|Overall, these results suggest that LATS1/2 are novel kinases involved in APC/C phosphorylation and indicate a direct regulatory link between LATS1/2 and APC/C" SIGNOR-275474 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT MTF1 protein Q14872 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser152 EGCPRTYsTAGNLRT 35027733 t lperfetto "The Hippo pathway kinases LATS1 and LATS2 attenuate cellular responses to heavy metals through phosphorylating MTF1|the Hippo pathway kinase LATS phosphorylates and inhibits MTF1|LATS phosphorylates MTF1 at S152 and disrupts its association with the promoters of heavy metal response genes, resulting in the loss of heavy metal response gene expression" SIGNOR-275475 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR FBXW5 protein Q969U6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 21725316 t lperfetto "We show that FBXW5 levels are controlled by the anaphase-promoting (APC/C) complex, which targets FBXW5 for degradation during mitosis and G1, thereby helping to reset the centrosome duplication machinery." SIGNOR-275477 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000938 21658387 t lperfetto "A knockdown experiment using intact cells also demonstrated LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of Akt1 (Ser473), suggesting that Akt1 is a convincing candidate for the physiological substrate of LRRK2." SIGNOR-174044 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 EERQTQRsKPQPAVP 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89280 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT HYAL1 protein Q12794 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004796 18718911 f miannu "In 253J-Lung and HT1376 bladder cancer cell lines, which show high HYAL-1 expression, transcription factors Egr-1, AP-2, and NFκB bind the HYAL-1 promoter. Because both SP1 and Egr-1 have two overlapping binding sites within the promoter (Fig. 5), it appears that although SP1 binding to the methylated HYAL-1 promoter turns off transcription, binding of Erg-1 (and also AP-2) to the unmethylated promoter turns on transcription." SIGNOR-253878 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 GTEEKCGsPQVRTLS 9606 18337751 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser359 inhibits eef2k activity even at high calcium concentrations. we demonstrate that cdc2 contributes to controlling eef2 phosphorylation in cells. inactivation of eef2k by cdc2 may serve to keep eef2 active during mitosis" SIGNOR-177982 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT DOK2 protein O60496 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr139 CMEENELySSAVTVG -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254698 GOLGA3 protein Q08378 UNIPROT GOPC protein Q9HD26 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15951434 t miannu "Golgin-160 belongs to the golgin family of Golgi-localized proteins, which have been implicated in Golgi structure and function. PIST (also known as GOPC, CAL, and FIG) has been implicated in the trafficking of a subset of plasma membrane proteins, supporting a role of golgin-160 in vesicular trafficking. binding of golgin-160, TC10, and syntaxin-6 to PIST may coordinate membrane trafficking of some plasma membrane proteins in cell types where these proteins are expressed." SIGNOR-261234 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Leu751 LGLARSNlDEDIIAE 9606 BTO:0001412 1861080 t miannu "Plasma membrane elastase and cathepsin G from U937 cells cleave C3 into C3a- and C3b-like fragments; further incubation leads to C3c- and C3dg-like fragments, as judged from SDS-PAGE analysis of the digests. Sequencing of the C3b-like fragment purified by reverse phase chromatography indicates that initial cleavage of C3 by purified cathepsin G occurs at two positions in the amino-terminal part of the alpha-chain, at a Arg-Ser bond located between residues 748 and 749 and at a Leu-Asp bond between residues 751 and 752." SIGNOR-256348 PDCD1 protein Q15116 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000782 34535949 f Barakat "Mechanistically, we provided evidence that PD1 signaling downregulates Drp1 activating phosphorylation on Ser616 (and consequently mitochondrial fragmentation) via the inhibition of ERK1/2 and mTOR kinases." SIGNOR-275406 FBXW5 protein Q969U6 UNIPROT SASS6 protein Q6UVJ0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 21725316 t lperfetto "We identify the centriolar protein HsSAS-6 (refs 4,5) as a critical substrate of the SCF-FBXW5 complex. FBXW5 binds HsSAS-6 and promotes its ubiquitylation in vivo. |expression of the wild-type form of FBXW5 accelerated the degradation of HsSAS-6 to a half-life of less than two hours" SIGNOR-275478 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser54 QPLPPRPsPAALPGG 23871434 t lperfetto "WIP1, a homeostatic regulator of the DNA damage response, is targeted by HIPK2 for phosphorylation and degradation|Analysis of the phosphoamino acids of WIP1 revealed that both Ser85 and Ser54 are phosphorylation sites, confirming that HIPK2 is a protein kinase for WIP1 phosphorylation at Ser54 as well as Ser85" SIGNOR-275480 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser85 PLPDAGAsPAPSRCC 23871434 t lperfetto "WIP1, a homeostatic regulator of the DNA damage response, is targeted by HIPK2 for phosphorylation and degradation|Analysis of the phosphoamino acids of WIP1 revealed that both Ser85 and Ser54 are phosphorylation sites, confirming that HIPK2 is a protein kinase for WIP1 phosphorylation at Ser54 as well as Ser85" SIGNOR-275481 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1116 AALGSTGtVAHLVAS 23871434 t "Phosphosite positions are derived from Figure S5" lperfetto "AMPKalpha2-mediated inhibition of WIP1 phosphorylation by HIPK2|Site-directed mutagenesis of Thr112 and Ser114 in the N terminus, and Thr1107 in the C terminus markedly reduced HIPK2 phosphorylation by AMPKalpha2 in vitro" SIGNOR-275484 "diarsenic trioxide" chemical CHEBI:30621 ChEBI PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 30093655 t "Here we show that ATO targets Pin1 and cooperates with ATRA to exert potent anticancer activity. ATO inhibits and degrades Pin1, and suppresses its oncogenic function by noncovalent binding to Pin1’s active site" SIGNOR-259923 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1465 PVDPQVQsAADETAV -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262908 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 IIRLRNKtLIEDEIA 9606 BTO:0000150 20231902 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates mst2 at thr117 in vitro and in vivo, which leads to mst2 cleavage and kinase activity as well as nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-164298 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser167 LFPSFIHsQKRNPQT 9935 24211614 t Manara "Endothelin-1 stimulates catalase activity through the PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of serine 167." SIGNOR-260904 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DCLRE1C protein Q96SD1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser503 NDEITDEsLENFPSS 9606 16874298 t lperfetto "The artemis nuclease is defective in radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency patients and is required for the repair of a subset of ionising radiation induced dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) in an atm and dna-pk dependent process. Here, we show that artemis phosphorylation by atm and dna-pk in vitro is primarily attributable to s503, s516 and s645 and demonstrate atm dependent phosphorylation at serine 645 in vivo" SIGNOR-148315 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser121 LMRRSTVsLLDTYQK 23871434 t "Phosphosite positions are derived from Figure S5" lperfetto "AMPKalpha2-mediated inhibition of WIP1 phosphorylation by HIPK2|Site-directed mutagenesis of Thr112 and Ser114 in the N terminus, and Thr1107 in the C terminus markedly reduced HIPK2 phosphorylation by AMPKalpha2 in vitro" SIGNOR-275483 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr119 HNLMRRStVSLLDTY 23871434 t "Phosphosite positions are derived from Figure S5" lperfetto "AMPKalpha2-mediated inhibition of WIP1 phosphorylation by HIPK2|Site-directed mutagenesis of Thr112 and Ser114 in the N terminus, and Thr1107 in the C terminus markedly reduced HIPK2 phosphorylation by AMPKalpha2 in vitro" SIGNOR-275485 NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT ANKRD1 protein Q15327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003265 9043061 f "Finally, a carp promoter-lacZ transgene, which displays cardiac-specific expression in wild-type and Nkx2-5(+/-) background, was also significantly reduced in Nkx2-5(-/-) embryos, indicating that Nkx2-5 either directly or indirectly regulates carp promoter activity during in vivo cardiogenesis as well as in cultured cardiac myocytes" SIGNOR-253646 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271041 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:143788 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34283828 t miannu "In humans, GART [phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) / phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (EC 6.3.4.13) / phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1)] is a trifunctional protein which catalyzes the second, third, and fifth reactions of the ten step de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) pathway. The second step of DNPS is conversion of phosphoribosylamine (5-PRA) to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR)." SIGNOR-267297 "Brivanib alaninate" chemical CID:11154925 PUBCHEM FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190729 G3BP2 protein Q9UN86 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 23279204 f miannu "Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a component of SGs that initiates the assembly of SGs by forming a multimer. In this study, we examined the role of G3BP2, a close relative of G3BP1, in SG formation. Although single knockdown of either G3BP1 or G3BP2 in 293T cells partially reduced the number of SG-positive cells induced by arsenite, the knockdowns of both genes significantly reduced the number. G3BP2 formed a homo-multimer and a hetero-multimer with G3BP1. Moreover, like G3BP1, the overexpression of G3BP2 induced SGs even without stress stimuli." SIGNOR-260864 PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "The activation of pi3k results in the generation of the second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip2). In vivo, class i pi3ks primarily generate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (pip3) from phosphatidylinositol- 4,5-bisphosphate (pi-4,5-p2)" SIGNOR-175241 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 24708856 t miannu "We found overexpression of miR-155 led to increase in cJUN, FOS and TRIB2, and decrease in MEIS1, GFI1, cMYC and JARID2." SIGNOR-255762 NPFFR2 protein Q9Y5X5 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256709 MMP10 protein P09238 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272378 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 9372954 t llicata "We have mapped a major site of phosphorylation by cak to ser-33 of p53 and have demonstrated as well that p53 is phosphorylated at this site in vivo." SIGNOR-53311 ARHGAP23 protein Q9P227 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260480 RNF43 protein Q68DV7 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Frizzled receptors are regu__lated by cycles of ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation61 (see above), and znrf3 and rnf43 act as frizzled ubiquitin ligases, removing frizzled and possibly lrp6 from the plasma membrane" SIGNOR-199585 NAMPT protein P43490 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR down-regulates 19299583 f lperfetto "Using Per2:luciferase transcriptional reporter assays in HEK293 cells (Fig. 2C-E; S2), we show that inhibition of NAMPT by FK866 led to a significant increase in the CLOCK:BMAL1-driven transcription of the Per2:luciferase reporter (Fig. 2C), indicating that reduced NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis released CLOCK:BMAL1 from the SIRT1-dependent suppression." SIGNOR-253721 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNG3 protein P63215 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-199186 Telatinib chemical CID:9808844 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207224 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates cleavage 10090 23729744 t apalma "Receptor–ligand engagement triggers a second NECD cleavage (S2 cleavage) by a metalloproteinase ADAM (known as Kuzbanian in Drosophila melanogaster)" SIGNOR-255371 NKRF protein O15226 UNIPROT IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0005065 10562553 t Luana "Constitutive silencing of IFN-beta promoter is mediated by NRF (NF-kappaB-repressing factor), a nuclear inhibitor of NF-kappaB" SIGNOR-266227 VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23020315 t miannu "Binding of FVIII to VWF is needed to maintain appropriate plasma levels, as FVIII plasma levels and half-life are remarkably reduced in the absence of VWF" SIGNOR-251967 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT LCT protein P09848 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9148757 t "By electrophoretic mobility-shift assay it was shown that the factor Cdx-2 (a homoeodomain-protein related to caudal) binds to a TTTAC sequence in the CE-LPH1. Furthermore it was demonstrated that Cdx-2 is able to activate reporter gene transcription by binding to CE-LPH1." SIGNOR-253964 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser186 RQRKRHKsDSISLSF 9606 BTO:0000785 18467333 t gcesareni "Additionally, the pim kinases phosphorylate mdm2 in vitro and in cultured cells at ser166 and ser186, two previously identified targets of other signaling pathways, including akt." SIGNOR-178619 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr17 RVSSYRRtFGGAPGF 9606 BTO:0000971 10574968 t lperfetto "We developed antibodies specifically recognizing the kinase-dependent phosphorylation of desmin at Thr-16, Thr-75, and Thr-76. With these antibodies, phosphorylation of desmin was observed specifically at the cleavage furrow in late mitotic Saos-2 cells. We then found that treatment of the interphase cells with calyculin A revealed phosphorylation at all the three sites of desmin" SIGNOR-249032 PDGFB protein P01127 UNIPROT PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11331882 t miannu "Pdgf-b activates both pdgfr-alpha and pdgfr-beta" SIGNOR-107397 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser32 LLDDRHDsGLDSMKD 11815618 t lperfetto "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation depends on phosphorylation and degradation of its inhibitor protein, IkapapB. The phosphorylation of I_Balpha on Ser32 and Ser36 is initiated by an IkapapB kinase (IKK) complex that includes a catalytic heterodimer composed of I_B kinase 1 (IKK-1) and IkapapB kinase 2 (IKK-2) as well as a regulatory adaptor subunit, NF-kappaB essential modulator." SIGNOR-249365 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser560 LARLGCSsCLDYFTT 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180763 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT MAPRE3 protein Q9UPY8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser176 MQTSGRLsNVAPPCI 9606 23712260 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of eb3 at s176 by aurora b ensures successful cytokinesis completion by promoting midbody mt stability and midbody stabilization." SIGNOR-202130 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr172 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 23871434 t lperfetto "ATM phosphorylates AMPKalpha2 to induce inhibitory phosphorylation of HIPK2|" SIGNOR-275488 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser40 PTAEEKPsPRRSLSQ 33309518 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of multiple residues in the catalytic domain of PPM1D during mitosis, including Ser40 by Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), leads to ubiquitination of PPM1D and subsequent proteasomal degradation by Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and cell-division cycle protein 20 (CDC20)" SIGNOR-275489 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser40 PTAEEKPsPRRSLSQ 33309518 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of multiple residues in the catalytic domain of PPM1D during mitosis, including Ser40 by Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), leads to ubiquitination of PPM1D and subsequent proteasomal degradation by Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and cell-division cycle protein 20 (CDC20)" SIGNOR-275490 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser403 DLAHSSEsQETISSM 33309518 t lperfetto "PPM1D also inhibits p53 activity by dephosphorylating Ser395 and stabilizing MDM2 and by dephosphorylating Ser403 on MDMX" SIGNOR-275491 PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT ESPL1 protein Q14674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15737063 t lperfetto "Prior to anaphase, separase is kept inactive by its inhibitor securin" SIGNOR-275538 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT DAGLA protein Q9Y4D2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser782 APLATMEsLSDTESL 23502535 t lperfetto "Activated CaMKII interacted with the C-terminal domain of DGLalpha, phosphorylated two serine residues and inhibited DGLalpha activity. |CaMKIIalpha phosphorylates DGLalpha at Ser808 and Ser782" SIGNOR-275539 RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001545 26607380 t miannu "Large-scale AML genome re-sequencing efforts have identified novel recurrently mutated genes, including the members of the cohesin complex (RAD21, SMC3, SMC1A, and STAG2), implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease.Using ATAC-seq, we determined that mutant cohesin lead to a state of elevated chromatin accessibility and higher predicted binding at transcription factor binding sites for ERG, GATA2, and RUNX1. Moreover, using ChIP-Seq, we formally demonstrated increased binding of GATA2 and RUNX1 to these sites. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of these three TFs in human HSPC can revert the differentiation block induced by mutant cohesin. These results support a model in which mutant cohesin impairs hematopoietic differentiation and enforces stem cell programs through the modulation of ERG, GATA2, and RUNX1 chromatin accessibility, expression, and activity." SIGNOR-261515 "(4S)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid O5-[3-(4,4-diphenyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl] ester O3-methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:103931 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258463 DLGAP4 protein Q9Y2H0 UNIPROT SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264597 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1943 RKGAGDGsDEEVDGK 9606 22123909 t gcesareni "In egf-stimulated cells, the myosin-iia heavy chain is phosphorylated on the casein kinase 2 site (s1943)" SIGNOR-177818 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser338 KGKRGGHsSVSTESE 9606 10521508 t Manara "Therefore, internalization of CXCR4 in response to PMA appears to be mediated by activation of protein kinase C | However, mutation of the dileucine motif or the serines at positions 324, 325, 338, and 339 profoundly decreased internalization." SIGNOR-260900 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8384556 t gcesareni "The nerve growth factor (ngf) receptor/trk associated with and phosphorylated phospholipase c gamma (plc gamma)" SIGNOR-38538 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP binds the p85 subunit of PI3K through its PR domain and prevents PI3K-p85 relocation from the cytoplasm to the membrane, a necessary step for PI3K activation and signaling to AKT. Notably, DAB2IP reinforces this inhibitory effect by directly binding AKT.2" SIGNOR-254757 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8816480 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1" SIGNOR-270112 "Erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C384 SIGNOR Cell_shape phenotype SIGNOR-PH182 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24302288 f lperfetto "Spectrin is multifunctional, and spectrin-based networks are important for maintaining the shape and mechanical properties of erythrocytes." SIGNOR-266032 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT THOC5 protein Q13769 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sSKKRKPK 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 15221008 t llicata "We conclude m-csf-mediated activation of pkcalpha can potentiate fmip action to initiate survival/differentiation signaling." SIGNOR-126568 GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11043767 t lperfetto "We have shown that gab1 colocalizes pi3k with sh2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (ship) and shp2, two enzymes that regulate pi3k-dependent signaling. The src homology 2 (sh2) domain of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) regulatory subunit binds gab1 in a phosphorylation-independent manner. Moreover, the regulatory subunit of pi3k can mediate the association of gab1 and receptor protein-tyrosine kinases including the insulin, egf, and ngf receptors, all of which phosphorylate gab1." SIGNOR-83343 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2Z protein Q9H832 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271313 Avasimibe chemical CID:166558 PUBCHEM SOAT1 protein P35610 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190119 BAZ2B protein Q9UIF8 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 acetylation:Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 31999386 t miannu "The BAZ2B bromodomain has been shown to bind to acetylated H3K14 (H3K14ac), whose presence at promoter regions is generally associated with gene activation. This suggests a potential role for BAZ2B in transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266621 DDHD2 protein O94830 UNIPROT "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16975 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269655 pralatrexate chemical CHEBI:71223 ChEBI DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23409799 t miannu "Pralatrexate is a small molecule with a chemical formula C23H23N7O5 and a molecular weight of 477.48 g/mol (Box 1). It competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase." SIGNOR-259353 CCR3 protein P51677 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11591790 f "We and others have recently found that eotaxin activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in eosinophils, and that these kinases are indispensable for eosinophil chemotaxis and degranulation" SIGNOR-254358 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 15735151 f gcesareni "Activated dvl binds and inhibits the phosphorylation of beta catenin by gsk3beta/alfa, blocking beta catenin degradation (fig 2?2),), so that beta catenin accumulates and translocates to the nucleus, where it interacts with the t cell specific factor (tcf)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (lef-1) transcription factor and induces the transcription of target genes such as c-jun, c-myc, and cyclin d1" SIGNOR-134216 IL7 protein P13232 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11418623 t gcesareni "The common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) is an indispensable subunit of the functional receptor complexes for il-4, il-7, il-9, il-15, il-2, il21" SIGNOR-108864 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT HSF4 protein Q9ULV5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr471 LGLPGALtIYSTPES 24361130 t lperfetto "Regulation of Hsf4b nuclear translocation and transcription activity by phosphorylation at threonine 472| At the upstream, MEK6 was found to interact with Hsf4b and enhance Hsf4b's nuclear translocation and transcription activity, probably by phosphorylation at sites such as T472. Taken together, our results suggest that phosphotylation of Hsf4b at T472 by protein kinases such as MEI" SIGNOR-275493 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser293 SSGYFSSsPTLSSSP 9606 22017875 t llicata "Our data reveal critical roles for mtor itself as well as cki in generating a degron in deptor that is recognized by _-trcp, and promotes deptor turnover by the proteasome." SIGNOR-176849 TRIB2 protein Q92519 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 MCRLDIDsPPITARN 9606 BTO:0000018 35790734 t miannu " This study demonstrated that TRIB2, not a ""pseudokinase"", has the kinase activity to directly phosphorylate PKM2 at serine 37 in cancer cells. " SIGNOR-275431 VPS4A protein Q9UN37 UNIPROT CHMP3 protein Q9Y3E7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 30989108 t Giorgia "Here, we show, using high-speed atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy, that the AAA-type adenosine triphosphatase VPS4 constricts and cleaves ESCRT-III CHMP2A-CHMP3 helical filaments in vitro. Our results demonstrate that VPS4 actively constricts ESCRT-III filaments and cleaves them before their complete disassembly. We propose that the formation of ESCRT-III dome-like end caps by VPS4 within a membrane neck structure constricts the membrane to set the stage for membrane fission." SIGNOR-260847 ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT DMD protein P11532 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0001103 19109891 t miannu "We present evidence for an ankyrin-based mechanism for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin and beta-DG. Ankyrin-B thus is an adaptor required for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin, as well as dynactin-4." SIGNOR-266712 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT FHOD1 protein Q9Y613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1137 RSRGNRKsLRRTLKS 9606 18239683 t lperfetto "Rock phosphorylates the c-terminal residues ser1131, ser1137, and thr1141 of formin homology domain protein 1 (fhod1). Phosphorylation of fhod1 at the three residues fully disrupts the autoinhibitory interaction, which culminates in formation of stress fibres." SIGNOR-160548 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR RANGAP1 protein P46060 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 EPAPVLSsPPPADVS 9606 15037602 t lperfetto "Here, we show that rangap1 is phosphorylated on residues t409, s428, and s442. Phosphorylation occurs before nuclear envelope breakdown and is maintained throughout mitosis . Alternatively, phosphorylated rangap1 may recruit specific sumo target proteins to ranbp2's catalytic domain." SIGNOR-216781 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser120 GRNIIHGsDSVESAE -1 8810265 t miannu "For autophosphorylated rNm23-H1, phosphorylation was observed at serine 44 and on a fragment containing serines 120, 122, and 125.The biochemical function of Nm23 serine phosphorylation is unknown." SIGNOR-250300 isoleucine smallmolecule CHEBI:24898 ChEBI Ile-tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29160 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270426 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT CDCA8 protein Q53HL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18243099 t amattioni "Direct phosphorylation of the aurora b regulator borealin by mps1 enhances aurora b activity and is essential for chromosome alignment" SIGNOR-160604 CSF2 protein P04141 UNIPROT CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 18551128 t lperfetto "The GM-CSF receptor (CSF2R) is a heterodimer composed of a specific ligand-binding subunit (CSF2Ralpha) and a common signal-transduction subunit (CSF2Rbeta)" SIGNOR-249501 STRN4 protein Q9NRL3 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 29802198 t miannu "The striatin family proteins interact with the structural (A) and catalytic (C) subunits of the protein phosphatase, PP2A, and are also termed the B‴ family of PP2A subunits (4). Within heterotrimeric PP2A complexes, striatins function as one of many regulatory B subunits thought to be responsible for substrate selection and localization of PP2A isoforms" SIGNOR-261699 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT RBBP7 protein Q16576 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser314 LKLHTFEsHKDEIFQ -1 28143904 t lperfetto "AMPK increased HAT1 activity through phosphorylation of HAT1-Ser190 and RBBP7-Ser314| interaction between RBBP7 and HAT1 is required for acetyltransferase activity" SIGNOR-264784 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr272 LNYWKLEtPAQFRQR 24870244 t lperfetto "Activated cyclin D1-Cdk4 kinase phosphorylates and activates GCN5|GCN5 T272A/S372A (AA) phosphorylation by cyclin D1-CDK4 kinase is diminished compared to GCN5 wild-type (WT)" SIGNOR-275495 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser372 EEIYGANsPIWESGF 24870244 t lperfetto "Activated cyclin D1-Cdk4 kinase phosphorylates and activates GCN5|GCN5 T272A/S372A (AA) phosphorylation by cyclin D1-CDK4 kinase is diminished compared to GCN5 wild-type (WT)" SIGNOR-275496 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "We demonstrated that erk1/2 phosphorylate kibra at ser(548) in cells as well as in vitro." SIGNOR-270208 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val53 SHVTGKGvTVETVFS -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263590 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1572 ESGISLFsDDPESDP -1 10403822 t llicata "Subsequent studies showed that BRCA1 was phosphorylated in vitro by CK2. An analysis by site directed mutagenesis of BRCA1 showed that in vitro phosphorylation by CK2 required a serine at aa1572. These data implicate CK2 as a potential mediator of BRCA1 activity." SIGNOR-251055 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256918 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Phe43 ATLDPRSfLLRNPND -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263562 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr440 LDSCNSLtPKSTPVK BTO:0000007 10095772 t llicata "In summary, our work has identified several phosphorylation sites for cyclin A/Cdk2 in B-Myb and shown that mutation of at least one of these sites has a strong effect on the inducibility of the B-Myb transactivation potential by cyclin A/Cdk2." SIGNOR-250738 tolazoline chemical CHEBI:28502 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258912 NKX2-3 protein Q8TAU0 UNIPROT MADCAM1 protein Q13477 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 10790368 t Luana "We provide evidence that NKX2.3 can activate MAdCAM-1 transcription directly" SIGNOR-266219 EED protein O75530 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23110252 t lperfetto "The PRC2 core, conserved from Drosophila to humans, is composed of four proteins that add up to about 230 kDa (Figure 1A) (see Margueron and Reinberg, 2010 for a recent review): EED (present in different isoforms), either one of the two methyltranferases Ezh1 or Ezh2 (Ezh1/2), Suz12, and either RbAp46 or RbAp48 (RbAp46/48)." SIGNOR-241897 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7816602 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the c-fos and c-jun hob1 motif stimulates its activation capacity here we show that the hob1-containing activation domain of c-fos is stimulated by ha-ras in vivo and phosphorylated by a map kinase family member in vitro and that mutating t232 to ala abolishes both functions." SIGNOR-270105 CENPA protein P49450 UNIPROT "CENP-A nucleosome" complex SIGNOR-C321 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 23324462 t miannu "In vitro assembly of both yeast and human CENP-A nucleosomes yields standard octameric structures containing two copies each of CENP-A, H2A, H2B and H4 histones. Human CENP-A also produces rigidified homotypic CENP-A/H4 tetramers in vitro." SIGNOR-263702 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16511560 t lperfetto "The mdm2 homolog mdmx is an important regulator of p53 during mouse embryonic development. Dna damage promotes mdmx phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and degradation by mdm2." SIGNOR-144970 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr272 LNYWKLEtPAQFRQR 24870244 t lperfetto "Activated cyclin D1-Cdk4 kinase phosphorylates and activates GCN5|GCN5 T272A/S372A (AA) phosphorylation by cyclin D1-CDK4 kinase is diminished compared to GCN5 wild-type (WT)" SIGNOR-275497 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT AIFM1 protein O95831 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23506862 t miannu "P53 regulates basal expression of AIF and SCO2 and facilitates oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, and HK2 is negatively regulated by p53, whereas TIGAR expression is induced by p53. The net result of p53-mediated regulation of these glycolytic enzymes is the suppression of glycolysis. In addition, p53 directly binds and inhibits G6PD activity and downregulates the pentose phosphate pathway." SIGNOR-267462 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Fgf-2 and fgf-9 increased expression of other osteogenic factors bmp-2 and tgf-beta1, and endogenous fgf/fgfr signaling is a positive upstream regulator of the bmp-2 gene in calvarial osteoblasts." SIGNOR-195588 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 19620279 t miannu "We now show that SOCS1, SOCS3, and PIAS1 promote myogenic differentiation by specifically inhibiting the LIF-induced JAK1/STAT1/STAT3 pathway via distinct targets; whereas SOCS1 and SOCS3 selectively bind and inhibit JAK1 and gp130, respectively, PIAS1 targets mainly the activated STAT1 and prevents its binding to DNA." SIGNOR-202045 HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT AKR1C4 protein P17516 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003846 2044952 f 2 miannu "Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4_/_, HNF-1_, and vHNF-1 regulate the cell-specific expression of the human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4/AKR1C4 gene.HNF-1_ binds to the target element in the rat DBP gene in the liver, while vHNF-1 recognizes a target element in extrahepatic tissues. The ability of vHNF-1-A to activate the rat DBP gene is much higher than that of vHNF-1-C." SIGNOR-239960 FOXC1 protein Q12948 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21871448 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that physical interactions occur between wt1, foxc1/2 and rbpj, suggestive of the formation of multimeric transcriptional complexes." SIGNOR-176183 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 29358703 t miannu "Here, we show that RIP3 activates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC, also known as PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme linking glycolysis to aerobic respiration, by directly phosphorylating the PDC E3 subunit (PDC-E3) on T135." SIGNOR-268065 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1471 IAALKEEtEEEVQDT 9606 21930781 t lperfetto "Cftr possesses two ck2 phosphorylation sites (s422 and t1471) the t1471 residue, previously described as a site for cftr phosphorylation by ck2 (25), seems to be critical for cftr turnover and processing." SIGNOR-176627 FBXO11 protein Q86XK2 UNIPROT DTL protein Q9NZJ0 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23478441 t miannu "We determined that the f-box protein fbxo11 interacts with cdt2,a dcaf protein that controls cell-cycle progression, and recruits cdt2 to the scf(fbxo11)complex to promote its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-192325 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 SETNQNSsSDSEAER -1 11711551 t llicata "We show here that Tcf-4 can be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase CK2 stoichiometrically in amino acids Ser-58-Ser-59-Ser-60. Phosphorylation of these residues does not modify the interaction of Tcf-4 with beta-catenin but reduces its association to plakoglobin. | Experiments performed using a Tcf-4 mutant with decreased interaction to plakoglobin demonstrated that binding to this protein negatively affected the transcriptional activity of Tcf-4." SIGNOR-251045 ECT2 protein Q9H8V3 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260550 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr420 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 22080863 t lperfetto "Previously, we reported that sfks can serve as bona fide substrates for tcptp and that tcptp dephosphorylates the y418 activation loop autophosphorylation site (corresponding to y394 in lck and y417 in fyn) to inactivate sfks" SIGNOR-177109 ATOH7 protein Q8N100 UNIPROT POU4F2 protein Q12837 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 11172005 t Luana "Thus, these data suggest that the expression of Brn3b can be activated directly by Math5 and that it is also subject to positive feedback regulation by Brn3 proteins." SIGNOR-261567 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT LRRK1 protein Q38SD2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr971 TQQTEEQyFQFLAKF 9534 BTO:0000298 22337768 t miannu "In this study, we demonstrate that EGFR regulates the kinase activity of LRRK1 via tyrosine phosphorylation and that this is required for proper endosomal trafficking of EGFR. Phosphorylation of LRRK1 at Tyr-944 results in reduced LRRK1 kinase activity." SIGNOR-262856 EIF2B3 protein Q9NR50 UNIPROT EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269131 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 24142698 t "Here, we identified the protein-serine/threonine kinase PIM2, a known oncogene, as a novel binding partner of PKM2. The interaction between PIM2 and PKM2 was confirmed by multiple biochemical approaches in vitro and in cultured cells. Importantly, we found that PIM2 could directly phosphorylate PKM2 on the Thr-454 residue, resulting in an increase of PKM2 protein levels. Compared with wild type, PKM2 with the phosphorylation-defective mutation displayed a reduced effect on glycolysis" SIGNOR-268148 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT GAS6 protein Q14393 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268888 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "Yap and taz are two main downstream effectors of the hippo pathway, and they function as transcription co-activators to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis." SIGNOR-256669 GAK protein O14976 UNIPROT CLTC protein Q00610 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr606 ILGNQMFtHYDRAHI 10090 31272276 t miannu "Clathrin heavy chain (CHC) was phosphorylated at T606 by its association partner cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK). This phosphorylation was required for proper cell proliferation and tumor growth of cells implanted into nude mice. " SIGNOR-275448 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 24870244 t lperfetto "The histone acetyltransferase GCN5 (general control non-repressed protein 5) acetylates PGC-1alpha and suppresses its transcriptional activity, whereas sirtuin 1 deacetylates and activates PGC-1alpha." SIGNOR-275498 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 24870244 t lperfetto "The histone acetyltransferase GCN5 (general control non-repressed protein 5) acetylates PGC-1alpha and suppresses its transcriptional activity, whereas sirtuin 1 deacetylates and activates PGC-1alpha." SIGNOR-275499 SUN5 protein Q8TC36 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263289 AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT MFN1 protein Q8IWA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 23427266 t miannu "Gp78 induces ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of Mfn1 and Mfn2." SIGNOR-272886 CSNK1G1 protein Q9HCP0 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser325 SSNASTIsGRLSPIM -1 11980723 t llicata "Phosphorylation of Ser319 forms a consensus sequence for phosphorylation by CK1, allowing it to phosphorylate Ser322, which in turn primes the CK1-catalysed phosphorylation of Ser325 | Multisite phosphorylation of the region containing Ser319, Ser322, Ser325 and Ser329 provides a signal for the nuclear exclusion of FKHR" SIGNOR-250821 "PAR-1 (Protease-Activated Receptor) Selective Activating Peptide" smallmolecule CID:71312048 PUBCHEM F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257484 pipamperone chemical CHEBI:78549 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258574 RABGEF1 protein Q9UJ41 UNIPROT RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 27411398 t lperfetto "AP-1/sigma1A-ArfGAP1-Rabex-5 complex formation leads to more endosomal Rabex-5 and enhanced, Rab5GTP-stimulated Vps34 PI3-kinase activity, which is essential for multivesicular body endosome formation." SIGNOR-260707 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31257023 f "Nrf2 accumulation in lung cancers causes the stabilization of Bach1 by inducing Ho1, the enzyme catabolizing heme." SIGNOR-259334 cinolazepam chemical CHEBI:59514 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The BZ-sensitive GABAA-Rs can be further subdivided, in that receptors containing the alpha1 subunit have a higher sensitivity to a subpopulation of BZ site ligands, the benzodiazepines quazepam and cinolazepam (Sieghart, 1989) or nonbenzodiazepines such as zolpidem (an imidazopyridine) and a few others, including CL218-872 (triazolopyridazine), zaleplon, and indiplon, and abecarnil (β-carboline), (Olsen and Gordey, 2000; Korpi et al., 2002; Sieghart and Ernst, 2005)." SIGNOR-263801 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT ATP7B protein P35670 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1453 DDDGDKWsLLLNGRD 9606 BTO:0000599 21189263 t lperfetto "ATP7B trafficking was markedly reduced by the Ser-478/481/1121/1453 to Ala mutation. We conclude that PKD plays a key role in copper-dependent serine phosphorylation, permitting high levels of ATP7B protein expression and trafficking." SIGNOR-272294 phosphatidylethanolamine chemical CHEBI:16038 ChEBI Outer_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C410 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "The OMM is comprised of a phospholipid bilayer that houses vital components such as metabolic enzymes and transport proteins|he OMM contains a variety of lipids. The major components of this bilayer include phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) |It has been reported that in the mammalian OMM, the most prominent of these lipids are PC (~54 % of total), PE (~29 %) and PI (~14 %) (Daum and Vance 1997). The remaining lipids comprise approximately 3 % of the total OMM composition." SIGNOR-266999 CDC26 protein Q8NHZ8 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252011 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259013 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr714 EESDSSEtEKEDDEG 21296876 t lperfetto "Simultaneous mutation of five Ser/Thr residues within 702-714 to Ala ((702)ST/AA(714)) abolished phosphorylation and binding of beta-arrestin2. In transfected cells, the CK2 catalytic alpha subunit formed a complex with NHE5 and decreased wild-type but not (702)ST/AA(714) NHE5 activity, further supporting a regulatory role for this kinase. The rate of internalization of (702)ST/AA(714) was also diminished and relatively insensitive to overexpression of beta-arrestin2." SIGNOR-275502 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser702 AVILTVEsEEEEEES 21296876 t lperfetto "Simultaneous mutation of five Ser/Thr residues within 702-714 to Ala ((702)ST/AA(714)) abolished phosphorylation and binding of beta-arrestin2. In transfected cells, the CK2 catalytic alpha subunit formed a complex with NHE5 and decreased wild-type but not (702)ST/AA(714) NHE5 activity, further supporting a regulatory role for this kinase. The rate of internalization of (702)ST/AA(714) was also diminished and relatively insensitive to overexpression of beta-arrestin2." SIGNOR-275503 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser168 QGGGAFFsPSPGSSS 10029 BTO:0001131 11997522 t miannu "P38 MAP kinase phosphorylates Ser168 and Ser170 of NFATc4. Mutational replacement of Ser168,170 with Ala promotes NFATc4 nuclear localization and increases NFATc4-mediated transcription activity." SIGNOR-250107 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser709 SEEEEEEsDSSETEK 21296876 t lperfetto "Simultaneous mutation of five Ser/Thr residues within 702-714 to Ala ((702)ST/AA(714)) abolished phosphorylation and binding of beta-arrestin2. In transfected cells, the CK2 catalytic alpha subunit formed a complex with NHE5 and decreased wild-type but not (702)ST/AA(714) NHE5 activity, further supporting a regulatory role for this kinase. The rate of internalization of (702)ST/AA(714) was also diminished and relatively insensitive to overexpression of beta-arrestin2." SIGNOR-275504 ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 21296876 t lperfetto "Internalization of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE5 into recycling endosomes is enhanced by the endocytic adaptor proteins beta-arrestin1 and -2, best known for their preferential recognition of ligand-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)" SIGNOR-275506 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT COPS5 protein Q92905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser201 KPPDEGPsEYQTIPL -1 31950832 t lperfetto "Overexpression of IKKalpha or IKKbeta leads to enhanced phosphorylation of CSN5, the catalytic subunit for CSN deneddylase activity. Mutational analyses have revealed that phosphorylation at serine 201 and threonine 205 of CSN5 impairs CSN-mediated deneddylation activity in vitro." SIGNOR-275507 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30017632 f miannu "Smad4 interacted withSmad2/3 and participated in the transcription of downstream pro-fi-brotic target genes" SIGNOR-260441 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr893 SEESRPYtNKVITLW 24662513 t lperfetto "Although Cdk12/CycK kinase complex lacking T-loop phosphorylation showed some basal activity towards a CTD substrate prephosphorylated at position Ser7, its activity was significantly increased upon coexpression with the CAK from S. cerevisiae (Supplementary Fig. 9a). Mutation of T893 to E to mimic phosphorylation showed no effect on basal kinase activity. Quantitative phosphorylation of a single residue occurred upon coexpression with Cak1, as determined by ESI mass spectrometry (Supplementary Fig. 9b)." SIGNOR-275509 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr893 SEESRPYtNKVITLW 24662513 t lperfetto "Although Cdk12/CycK kinase complex lacking T-loop phosphorylation showed some basal activity towards a CTD substrate prephosphorylated at position Ser7, its activity was significantly increased upon coexpression with the CAK from S. cerevisiae (Supplementary Fig. 9a). Mutation of T893 to E to mimic phosphorylation showed no effect on basal kinase activity. Quantitative phosphorylation of a single residue occurred upon coexpression with Cak1, as determined by ESI mass spectrometry (Supplementary Fig. 9b)." SIGNOR-275510 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT NSD2 protein O96028 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser56 SKAQLSSsLQEGVMQ 35389552 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, Aurora A phosphorylated NSD2 at S56 residue to protect the protein from cleavage and degradation, thus methylation of Aurora A and phosphorylation of NSD2 bilaterally formed a positive regulating loop." SIGNOR-275512 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser18 MVMSFRVsDLQMLLG 27162139 t lperfetto "In this study, we discovered a new protein isoform encoded by KIAA0317, termed fibrosis-inducing E3 ligase 1 (FIEL1), which potently stimulates the TGFbeta signaling pathway through the site-specific ubiquitination of PIAS4.FIEL1 targets PIAS4 using a double locking mechanism that is facilitated by the kinases PKCzeta and GSK3beta. Specifically, PKCzeta phosphorylation of PIAS4 and GSK3beta phosphorylation of FIEL1 are both essential for the degradation of PIAS4.|These experiments suggested that PKCzeta is an authentic regulator of PIAS4 protein stability; Q21 and phosphorylated S18 of PIAS4 are both required for FIEL1 interaction." SIGNOR-275513 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr198 EERKEDQyMKMTVCL 15870194 t lperfetto "Human BVR (hBVR) also reduces the hemeoxygenase activity product biliverdin to bilirubin and is directly activated by insulin receptor kinase (IRK).|in addition to Y198 in the YMKM motif, 2 other tyrosines, Y228 in the YLSF motif and Y291 in the C-terminus of the protein, are directly phosphorylated by IRK" SIGNOR-275514 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser122 DGRMVQLsPPALAAP 9606 22310283 t gcesareni "Thus, our data revealed a novel interplay between pka phosphorylation and tal1-mediated epigenetic regulation that regulates hematopoietic transcription and differentiation programs during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis." SIGNOR-195987 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr228 PGLKRNRyLSFHFKS 15870194 t lperfetto "Human BVR (hBVR) also reduces the hemeoxygenase activity product biliverdin to bilirubin and is directly activated by insulin receptor kinase (IRK).|in addition to Y198 in the YMKM motif, 2 other tyrosines, Y228 in the YLSF motif and Y291 in the C-terminus of the protein, are directly phosphorylated by IRK" SIGNOR-275515 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr291 LAEEIQKyCCSRK 15870194 t lperfetto "Human BVR (hBVR) also reduces the hemeoxygenase activity product biliverdin to bilirubin and is directly activated by insulin receptor kinase (IRK).|in addition to Y198 in the YMKM motif, 2 other tyrosines, Y228 in the YLSF motif and Y291 in the C-terminus of the protein, are directly phosphorylated by IRK" SIGNOR-275516 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT COPS5 protein Q92905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser201 KPPDEGPsEYQTIPL -1 31950832 t lperfetto "Overexpression of IKKalpha or IKKbeta leads to enhanced phosphorylation of CSN5, the catalytic subunit for CSN deneddylase activity. Mutational analyses have revealed that phosphorylation at serine 201 and threonine 205 of CSN5 impairs CSN-mediated deneddylation activity in vitro." SIGNOR-275518 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT COPS5 protein Q92905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr205 EGPSEYQtIPLNKIE -1 31950832 t lperfetto "Overexpression of IKKalpha or IKKbeta leads to enhanced phosphorylation of CSN5, the catalytic subunit for CSN deneddylase activity. Mutational analyses have revealed that phosphorylation at serine 201 and threonine 205 of CSN5 impairs CSN-mediated deneddylation activity in vitro." SIGNOR-275519 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser133 LPYSPVSsPQSSPRL 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-198115 BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT bilirubin(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57977 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000759 7929092 t lperfetto "This report describes for the first time the identification of four forms of biliverdin reductase including two biliverdin-IX beta reductases and two biliverdin-IX alpha reductases, designated isozymes I and II and isozymes III and IV, respectively, in human liver cytosolic fractions." SIGNOR-275520 BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT biliverdin(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000759 7929092 t lperfetto "This report describes for the first time the identification of four forms of biliverdin reductase including two biliverdin-IX beta reductases and two biliverdin-IX alpha reductases, designated isozymes I and II and isozymes III and IV, respectively, in human liver cytosolic fractions." SIGNOR-275521 RNF10 protein Q8N5U6 UNIPROT MEOX2 protein P50222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 16335786 t miannu "RFN10 co-immunoprecipitates with MEOX2. RNF10 potentiates MEOX2 transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-236968 bilirubin(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57977 ChEBI biliverdin(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000759 7929092 t lperfetto "This report describes for the first time the identification of four forms of biliverdin reductase including two biliverdin-IX beta reductases and two biliverdin-IX alpha reductases, designated isozymes I and II and isozymes III and IV, respectively, in human liver cytosolic fractions." SIGNOR-275522 BLVRB protein P30043 UNIPROT bilirubin(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57977 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000759 7929092 t lperfetto "This report describes for the first time the identification of four forms of biliverdin reductase including two biliverdin-IX beta reductases and two biliverdin-IX alpha reductases, designated isozymes I and II and isozymes III and IV, respectively, in human liver cytosolic fractions." SIGNOR-275523 BLVRB protein P30043 UNIPROT biliverdin(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000759 7929092 t lperfetto "This report describes for the first time the identification of four forms of biliverdin reductase including two biliverdin-IX beta reductases and two biliverdin-IX alpha reductases, designated isozymes I and II and isozymes III and IV, respectively, in human liver cytosolic fractions." SIGNOR-275524 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 VGVGRAGsVRMRDLR 22584576 t lperfetto "LC-MS/MS analysis of PKCdelta-activated intact hBVR identified phosphorylated serine positions 21, 33, 230, and 237, corresponding to the hBVR Src homology-2 domain motif (Ser(230) and Ser(237)), flanking the ATP-binding motif (Ser(21)) and in PHPS sequence (Ser(33)) as targets of PKCdelta. |PKCdelta potentiated hBVR reductase activity and accelerated the rate of bilirubin formation." SIGNOR-275525 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser237 SFHFKSGsLENVPNV 22584576 t lperfetto "LC-MS/MS analysis of PKCdelta-activated intact hBVR identified phosphorylated serine positions 21, 33, 230, and 237, corresponding to the hBVR Src homology-2 domain motif (Ser(230) and Ser(237)), flanking the ATP-binding motif (Ser(21)) and in PHPS sequence (Ser(33)) as targets of PKCdelta. |PKCdelta potentiated hBVR reductase activity and accelerated the rate of bilirubin formation." SIGNOR-275526 TAF1A protein Q15573 UNIPROT "SL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C464 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30693017 t lperfetto "SL1 comprises TBP, TAF1A (also known as TAFI48), TAF1B (also known as TAFI63), TAF1C (also known as TAFI110), and TAF1D (also known as TAFI41) and recruits the RNAP1 complex to induce PIC formation." SIGNOR-269566 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 DLRNPHPsSAFLNLI 22584576 t lperfetto "LC-MS/MS analysis of PKCdelta-activated intact hBVR identified phosphorylated serine positions 21, 33, 230, and 237, corresponding to the hBVR Src homology-2 domain motif (Ser(230) and Ser(237)), flanking the ATP-binding motif (Ser(21)) and in PHPS sequence (Ser(33)) as targets of PKCdelta. |PKCdelta potentiated hBVR reductase activity and accelerated the rate of bilirubin formation." SIGNOR-275527 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr783 IAAPTHStLPTAHTC 27162139 t lperfetto "These experiments suggested that GSK3beta phosphorylation of FIEL1 is required for PIAS4 targeting, and FIEL1 residues P779 and phosphorylated T783 are both required for PIAS4 interaction |FIEL1 T783A mutant overexpression completely failed to decrease PIAS4 protein level." SIGNOR-275528 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser19 CSSNQNRsMEAHNIL 24149858 t lperfetto "Here we report that Aurora B kinase directly interacts with and phosphorylates Ssu72, a new cohesin-binding phosphatase, at Ser 19 in vitro and in vivo. The Aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of Ssu72 causes the structural modification of Ssu72 protein, downregulates phosphatase activity and triggers the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Ssu72." SIGNOR-275529 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 CSSNQNRsMEAHNIL 24149858 t lperfetto "Here we report that Aurora B kinase directly interacts with and phosphorylates Ssu72, a new cohesin-binding phosphatase, at Ser 19 in vitro and in vivo. The Aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of Ssu72 causes the structural modification of Ssu72 protein, downregulates phosphatase activity and triggers the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Ssu72." SIGNOR-275530 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT STAG2 protein Q8N3U4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1224 PASIMDEsVLGVSMF 20818333 t lperfetto "Additional experiments revealed that Ssu72 directly interacts with Rad21 and SA2 in vitro and in vivo, and associates with sister chromatids in human cells. Interestingly, depletion or mutational inactivation of Ssu72 phosphatase activity caused the premature resolution of sister chromatid arm cohesion, whereas the overexpression of Ssu72 yielded high resistance to this resolution.|anti‐phospho SA2 serine 1224" SIGNOR-275531 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT STAG2 protein Q8N3U4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1224 PASIMDEsVLGVSMF 9606 BTO:0000567 15737063 t lperfetto "Two phosphorylation sites in Scc1 (Thr144 and Thr312) match the consensus proposed by Nakajima et al. [24]. These two sites, in addition to one in Scc1 (Ser454) and three in SA2 (Thr1109, Ser1137, and Ser1224) conform with the consensus proposed by Barr et al. [25]. These findings are consistent with the possibility that at least some of the sites in Scc1 and SA2 are directly phosphorylated by Plk1.|Phosphorylation of SA2 Is Essential for the Dissociation of Cohesin from Chromosomes during Prophase and Prometaphase" SIGNOR-275532 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT STAG2 protein Q8N3U4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr1109 MWLSREQtLHTPVMM 9606 BTO:0000567 15737063 t lperfetto "Two phosphorylation sites in Scc1 (Thr144 and Thr312) match the consensus proposed by Nakajima et al. [24]. These two sites, in addition to one in Scc1 (Ser454) and three in SA2 (Thr1109, Ser1137, and Ser1224) conform with the consensus proposed by Barr et al. [25]. These findings are consistent with the possibility that at least some of the sites in Scc1 and SA2 are directly phosphorylated by Plk1.|Phosphorylation of SA2 Is Essential for the Dissociation of Cohesin from Chromosomes during Prophase and Prometaphase" SIGNOR-275533 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0000551 19439449 t gcesareni "Puma promotes bax translocation by both by directly interacting with bax and by competitive binding to bcl-x(l) in uv-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-185671 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT STAG2 protein Q8N3U4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1137 KRLRPEDsFMSVYPM 9606 BTO:0000567 15737063 t lperfetto "Two phosphorylation sites in Scc1 (Thr144 and Thr312) match the consensus proposed by Nakajima et al. [24]. These two sites, in addition to one in Scc1 (Ser454) and three in SA2 (Thr1109, Ser1137, and Ser1224) conform with the consensus proposed by Barr et al. [25]. These findings are consistent with the possibility that at least some of the sites in Scc1 and SA2 are directly phosphorylated by Plk1.|Phosphorylation of SA2 Is Essential for the Dissociation of Cohesin from Chromosomes during Prophase and Prometaphase" SIGNOR-275534 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser175 REIMREGsAFEDDDM 9606 BTO:0000567 15737063 t lperfetto "We suspected that the observed enhancement of Scc1's cleavability in the presence of Plk1 might be due to phosphorylation at two sites that are directly adjacent to the cleavage sites, Ser175 and Ser454, which we had found to be phosphorylated in mitosis in vivo (Table 1). We therefore mutated these two residues to alanine, thereby creating mutant Scc1-S175A/S454A (see Figure 1C), and tested the cleavability of this mutant in the absence or presence of Plk1 in vitro. |Scc1 phosphorylation is dispensable for cohesin dissociation from chromosomes in early mitosis but enhances the cleavability of Scc1 by separase." SIGNOR-275535 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser454 EPSRLQEsVMEASRT 9606 BTO:0000567 15737063 t lperfetto "We suspected that the observed enhancement of Scc1's cleavability in the presence of Plk1 might be due to phosphorylation at two sites that are directly adjacent to the cleavage sites, Ser175 and Ser454, which we had found to be phosphorylated in mitosis in vivo (Table 1). We therefore mutated these two residues to alanine, thereby creating mutant Scc1-S175A/S454A (see Figure 1C), and tested the cleavability of this mutant in the absence or presence of Plk1 in vitro. |Scc1 phosphorylation is dispensable for cohesin dissociation from chromosomes in early mitosis but enhances the cleavability of Scc1 by separase." SIGNOR-275536 ESPL1 protein Q14674 UNIPROT RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 15737063 t lperfetto "In order to segregate sister chromatids to opposite poles in anaphase, cohesin has to be removed from chromosomes. In budding yeast, the prevalent mode of cohesin removal is by proteolytic cleavage of the Scc1 subunit at the onset of anaphase by the endopeptidase separase" SIGNOR-275537 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT DAGLA protein Q9Y4D2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser808 RSIRGSPsLHAVLER 23502535 t lperfetto "Activated CaMKII interacted with the C-terminal domain of DGLalpha, phosphorylated two serine residues and inhibited DGLalpha activity. |CaMKIIalpha phosphorylates DGLalpha at Ser808 and Ser782" SIGNOR-275540 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT ELP1 protein O95163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1174 SETSSVVsGSEMSGK 29925953 t lperfetto "Human ELP1 S1174 phosphorylation was triggered by insulin treatment, as shown by the specific phosphorylated (p)ELP1 (S1174) antibody, and addition of a phosphorylation-mutant variant of the ELP1 protein (ELP1(S1174A)) to ELP1-depleted BRAFV600E melanoma cells failed to rescue cell survival |In line with these findings, mTORC2 activity, but not mTORC1, was required for the insulin-induced phosphorylation of Elp1 S1174" SIGNOR-275541 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser36 RHDSGLDsMKDEEYE 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C14 9346241 t lperfetto "We described the purification of a 900 kda protein kinase complex, the ikb kinase (ikk), that phosphorylates ikbalfa and ikbbeta at the sites that mediate their ubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-52879 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR ELP1 protein O95163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1174 SETSSVVsGSEMSGK 29925953 t lperfetto "Human ELP1 S1174 phosphorylation was triggered by insulin treatment, as shown by the specific phosphorylated (p)ELP1 (S1174) antibody, and addition of a phosphorylation-mutant variant of the ELP1 protein (ELP1(S1174A)) to ELP1-depleted BRAFV600E melanoma cells failed to rescue cell survival |In line with these findings, mTORC2 activity, but not mTORC1, was required for the insulin-induced phosphorylation of Elp1 S1174" SIGNOR-275542 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271300 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT PTPRT protein O14522 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr915 Y-->K 19816407 t lperfetto "Synapse formation by PTPRT was inhibited by phosphorylation of tyrosine 912 within the membrane-proximal catalytic domain of PTPRT by Fyn. This tyrosine phosphorylation reduced phosphatase activity of PTPRT" SIGNOR-275543 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT VRK3 protein Q8IV63 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser108 RPPTPKSsPQKTRKS 27346674 t lperfetto "Vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3), a member of the VRK family, is widely expressed in human tissues and increases VHR phosphatase activity through a direct binding|Here we report that oxidative stress-induced cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activation stimulates neuroprotective signaling via phosphorylation of vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3) at Ser 108. The binding of vaccinia H1-related (VHR) phosphatase to phosphorylated VRK3 increased its affinity for phospho-ERK and subsequently downregulated ERK activation|" SIGNOR-275544 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR VRK3 protein Q8IV63 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser108 RPPTPKSsPQKTRKS 27346674 t lperfetto "Vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3), a member of the VRK family, is widely expressed in human tissues and increases VHR phosphatase activity through a direct binding|Here we report that oxidative stress-induced cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) activation stimulates neuroprotective signaling via phosphorylation of vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3) at Ser 108. The binding of vaccinia H1-related (VHR) phosphatase to phosphorylated VRK3 increased its affinity for phospho-ERK and subsequently downregulated ERK activation|" SIGNOR-275545 VRK3 protein Q8IV63 UNIPROT DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 27346674 t lperfetto "Vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3), a member of the VRK family, is widely expressed in human tissues and increases VHR phosphatase activity through a direct binding" SIGNOR-275546 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT MCU protein Q8NE86 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser57 TVHQRIAsWQNLGAV -1 30858581 t lperfetto "Cellular ATP levels drop during early mitosis, and the mitochondrial Ca2+ transients boost mitochondrial respiration to restore energy homeostasis. This is achieved through mitosis-specific MCU phosphorylation and activation by the mitochondrial translocation of energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). |In vitro kinase assays showed that AMPK immunoprecipitated from cells as well as recombinant AMPK phosphorylated MCU at Ser57" SIGNOR-275547 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MCU protein Q8NE86 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser57 TVHQRIAsWQNLGAV -1 30858581 t lperfetto "Cellular ATP levels drop during early mitosis, and the mitochondrial Ca2+ transients boost mitochondrial respiration to restore energy homeostasis. This is achieved through mitosis-specific MCU phosphorylation and activation by the mitochondrial translocation of energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). |In vitro kinase assays showed that AMPK immunoprecipitated from cells as well as recombinant AMPK phosphorylated MCU at Ser57" SIGNOR-275548 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT KCND3 protein Q9UK17 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr136 GDCCYEEyKDRKREN 22198508 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that human atrial I(to) and cloned hKv4.3 channels are modulated by EGFR kinase via phosphorylation of the Y136 residue and by Src-family kinases via phosphorylation of the Y108 residue|We found that human atrial I(to) was inhibited by the broad-spectrum PTK inhibitor genistein, the selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor AG556, and the Src-family kinases inhibitor PP2." SIGNOR-275549 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ARHGAP8 protein P85298 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser455 TKPTLPPsPLMAARR 28092672 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we identify that BPGAP1 (a BCH domain-containing, Cdc42GAP-like Rho GTPase-activating protein) promotes MEK partner 1 (MP1)-induced ERK activation on late endosome through scaffolding MP1/MEK1 complex. This regulatory function requires phosphorylation of BPGAP1 by JNK at its C terminal tail (Ser424) to unlock its autoinhibitory conformation." SIGNOR-275550 ARHGAP8 protein P85298 UNIPROT LAMTOR3 protein Q9UHA4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 28092672 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we identify that BPGAP1 (a BCH domain-containing, Cdc42GAP-like Rho GTPase-activating protein) promotes MEK partner 1 (MP1)-induced ERK activation on late endosome through scaffolding MP1/MEK1 complex. This regulatory function requires phosphorylation of BPGAP1 by JNK at its C terminal tail (Ser424) to unlock its autoinhibitory conformation." SIGNOR-275551 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT NFE2 protein Q16621 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser157 LNYSDAEsLELEGTE 19966288 t lperfetto "Through use of different approaches including nano-scale proteomics, we show that activated-JNK, or Phospho-JNK (P-JNK), physically interacts with p45/NF-E2 and phosphorylates its Ser157 residue. This reaction leads to the poly-ubiquitination of p45/NF-E2 at one or more of six Lys residues, one of which being also a sumoylation site, and its degradation through the proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-275552 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT NFE2 protein Q16621 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18718448 t lperfetto "Itch regulates p45/NF-E2 in vivo by Lys63-linked ubiquitination| Interestingly, Itch suppressed the transactivation activity of p45/NF-E2 by adding a Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chain. Confocal microscopy revealed that ubiquitinated p45/NF-E2 became localized in the cytoplasm when Itch was over-expressed. Thus, Itch-mediated ubiquitination of p45/NF-E2 does not target the protein for proteasomal degradation, but instead retains p45/NF-E2 in the cytoplasm, where it cannot function as a transactivator." SIGNOR-275553 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT SARM1 protein Q6SZW1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser548 AAREMLHsPLPCTGG 30333228 t lperfetto "C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated phosphorylation of SARM1 regulates NAD+ cleavage activity to inhibit mitochondrial respiration|Here, we report that NAD+ cleavage activity of SARM1 is regulated by its own phosphorylation at serine 548. The phosphorylation of SARM1 was mediated by c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) under oxidative stress conditions, resulting in inhibition of mitochondrial respiration concomitant with enhanced activity of NAD+ cleavage. Nonphosphorylatable mutation of Ser-548 or treatment with a JNK inhibitor decreased SARM1 activity." SIGNOR-275554 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SUZ12 protein Q15022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser539 RPKRTKAsMSEFLES 25855382 t lperfetto "PLK1 and HOTAIR Accelerate Proteasomal Degradation of SUZ12 and ZNF198 during Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis|In SUZ12, residues 539, 541 and 546 phosphorylated by Plk1 in vitro" SIGNOR-275557 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT ZMYM2 protein Q9UBW7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser305 QPGVDSLsPVASLPK 25855382 t lperfetto "PLK1 and HOTAIR Accelerate Proteasomal Degradation of SUZ12 and ZNF198 during Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis|Similar analyses with ZNF198 identified two clusters of putative Plk1 phosphorylation sites in vitro. A cluster of serine residues at the N-terminus of ZNF198, S303, S305, and S309, and a cluster at the C-terminus, S1056 and S1064. The triple Ser to Ala mutant, S303A/S305A/S309A, consistently exhibited the lowest level of phosphorylation in vitro, in comparison to the double S1056A/S1064A mutant" SIGNOR-275558 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT ZMYM2 protein Q9UBW7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser303 QKQPGVDsLSPVASL 25855382 t lperfetto "PLK1 and HOTAIR Accelerate Proteasomal Degradation of SUZ12 and ZNF198 during Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis|Similar analyses with ZNF198 identified two clusters of putative Plk1 phosphorylation sites in vitro. A cluster of serine residues at the N-terminus of ZNF198, S303, S305, and S309, and a cluster at the C-terminus, S1056 and S1064. The triple Ser to Ala mutant, S303A/S305A/S309A, consistently exhibited the lowest level of phosphorylation in vitro, in comparison to the double S1056A/S1064A mutant" SIGNOR-275559 ixabepilone chemical CHEBI:63605 ChEBI TUBB3 protein Q13509 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 18945860 t miannu "Ixabepilone, the first drug in a new class of microtubule-stabilizing agents called epothilones, offers a new treatment option for patients with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer who are refractory to standard chemotherapy." SIGNOR-259349 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT ZMYM2 protein Q9UBW7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser309 DSLSPVAsLPKQIFQ 25855382 t lperfetto "PLK1 and HOTAIR Accelerate Proteasomal Degradation of SUZ12 and ZNF198 during Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis|Similar analyses with ZNF198 identified two clusters of putative Plk1 phosphorylation sites in vitro. A cluster of serine residues at the N-terminus of ZNF198, S303, S305, and S309, and a cluster at the C-terminus, S1056 and S1064. The triple Ser to Ala mutant, S303A/S305A/S309A, consistently exhibited the lowest level of phosphorylation in vitro, in comparison to the double S1056A/S1064A mutant" SIGNOR-275560 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT CITED2 protein Q99967 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 18158893 f gcesareni "Foxo3a induces expression of cited2" SIGNOR-160127 DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "Dlx5 can drive runx2 expression and osteogenic differentiation in developing cranial suture mesenchyme , indicat-ing that dlx5 can work as an upstream gene of runx2." SIGNOR-195576 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT FBXO25 protein Q8TCJ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser178 DLLQDLSsTLCILIR 10090 BTO:0002572 25419709 t lperfetto "FBXO25 encodes an orphan F-box protein that determines the substrate specificity of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box)(FBXO25) ubiquitin ligase complex. An unbiased screen uncovered the prosurvival protein HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) as the bona fide substrate of FBXO25 that is targeted after apoptotic stresses. Protein kinase Cdelta (PRKCD) initiates this process by phosphorylating FBXO25 and HAX-1, thereby spatially directing nuclear FBXO25 to mitochondrial HAX-1.|Accordingly, PRKCD-induced phosphorylation of Hax-1 at Ser210 and Fbxo25 at Ser178 was associated with decreased expression of Hax-1 in control cells," SIGNOR-275561 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HAX1 protein O00165 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser210 QPKSYFKsISVTKIT 10090 BTO:0002572 25419709 t lperfetto "FBXO25 encodes an orphan F-box protein that determines the substrate specificity of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box)(FBXO25) ubiquitin ligase complex. An unbiased screen uncovered the prosurvival protein HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) as the bona fide substrate of FBXO25 that is targeted after apoptotic stresses. Protein kinase Cdelta (PRKCD) initiates this process by phosphorylating FBXO25 and HAX-1, thereby spatially directing nuclear FBXO25 to mitochondrial HAX-1.|Accordingly, PRKCD-induced phosphorylation of Hax-1 at Ser210 and Fbxo25 at Ser178 was associated with decreased expression of Hax-1 in control cells," SIGNOR-275562 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21902831 t gcesareni "Cycline/cdk2 blocks myod-induced gene expression through the phosphorylation of rb, preventing rb from binding and transactivating myod, and triggering s phase entry instead of differentiation." SIGNOR-176563 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000670;BTO:0000738 30283340 f miannu "Overexpression of MYCT1 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia HL-60 and KG-1a Cells in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-261729 FBXO25 protein Q8TCJ0 UNIPROT HAX1 protein O00165 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 25419709 t lperfetto "FBXO25 encodes an orphan F-box protein that determines the substrate specificity of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box)(FBXO25) ubiquitin ligase complex. An unbiased screen uncovered the prosurvival protein HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) as the bona fide substrate of FBXO25 that is targeted after apoptotic stresses. Protein kinase Cdelta (PRKCD) initiates this process by phosphorylating FBXO25 and HAX-1, thereby spatially directing nuclear FBXO25 to mitochondrial HAX-1." SIGNOR-275563 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT SHOC2 protein Q9UQ13 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr71 VAFSVDNtIKRPNPA 29383184 t lperfetto "PKCalpha/delta phosphorylate Sur8 at Thr-71 and Ser-297, respectively. This phosphorylation is essential for polyubiquitin-dependent degradation of Sur8." SIGNOR-275564 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT SHOC2 protein Q9UQ13 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser297 GLRYNRLsAIPRSLA 29383184 t lperfetto "PKCalpha/delta phosphorylate Sur8 at Thr-71 and Ser-297, respectively. This phosphorylation is essential for polyubiquitin-dependent degradation of Sur8." SIGNOR-275565 SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR KCND3 protein Q9UK17 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr108 GKLHYPRyECISAYD 22198508 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that human atrial I(to) and cloned hKv4.3 channels are modulated by EGFR kinase via phosphorylation of the Y136 residue and by Src-family kinases via phosphorylation of the Y108 residue|We found that human atrial I(to) was inhibited by the broad-spectrum PTK inhibitor genistein, the selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor AG556, and the Src-family kinases inhibitor PP2." SIGNOR-275566 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SHOC2 protein Q9UQ13 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser297 GLRYNRLsAIPRSLA 29383184 t lperfetto "PKCalpha/delta phosphorylate Sur8 at Thr-71 and Ser-297, respectively. This phosphorylation is essential for polyubiquitin-dependent degradation of Sur8." SIGNOR-275567 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SHOC2 protein Q9UQ13 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr71 VAFSVDNtIKRPNPA 29383184 t lperfetto "PKCalpha/delta phosphorylate Sur8 at Thr-71 and Ser-297, respectively. This phosphorylation is essential for polyubiquitin-dependent degradation of Sur8." SIGNOR-275568 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser518 GEDPYAGsTDENTDS 9606 20471329 t lperfetto "Xrcc1 phosphorylation by ck2 is required for its stability and efficient dna repair. Rcc1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by ck2, and ck2 phosphorylation of xrcc1 on s518, t519, and t523" SIGNOR-165423 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 VVGARRSsWRVVSSI 9606 BTO:0000007 12861023 t miannu "We confirmed that MAPKAPK2 interacted with and phosphorylated 14-3-3zeta in vitro and in HEK293 cells. Mutation analysis showed that MAPKAPK2 phosphorylated 14-3-3zeta at Ser-58. S58D mutation significantly impaired both 14-3-3zeta dimerization and binding to Raf-1." SIGNOR-250151 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257741 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser375 PVDEDRLsPLVAADS 9606 18794899 t lperfetto "E2F1 activity is also repressed by cyclin-dependent kinase-8 (CDK8), a colorectal oncoprotein. Elevated levels of CDK8 protect beta-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription from inhibition by E2F1." SIGNOR-181078 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 15546612 t lperfetto "Purified recombinant cycc:cdk8 phosphorylates the notch icd within the tad and pest domains, and expression of cycc:cdk8 strongly enhances notch icd hyperphosphorylation and pest-dependent degradation by the fbw7/sel10 ubiquitin ligase in vivo." SIGNOR-130706 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF10 protein Q8N5U6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271064 NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626542 t miannu "The neurexin–NL2 interaction is sufficient to induce GABAergic differentiation and clustering of GABAARs at postsynaptic sites." SIGNOR-265452 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268705 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1289 CPASEQGyEEMRAFQ 9606 BTO:0000150 7929151 t lperfetto "The erbb3 protein which possesses little or no intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activiity is phosphorylated by the activated egf receptor protein tyrosine kinase on tyrosine residues within the yxxm sequence motif. These phosphorylated tyrosine residues interact with the p85 regulatory subunit of pi 3-kinase, which could result in the activation of the p110 catalytic subunit via a conformational mechanism." SIGNOR-34752 H2BC11 protein P06899 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.3 variant" complex SIGNOR-C339 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15776021 t miannu "Variant histone H3.3 is incorporated into nucleosomes by a mechanism that does not require DNA replication and has also been implicated as a potential mediator of epigenetic memory of active transcriptional states. In this study, we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis to show that H3.3 is found mainly at the promoters of transcriptionally active genes." SIGNOR-263875 VPS39 protein Q96JC1 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" binding 9534 12941698 t miannu "Overexpression of TLP blocks TGF-β-induced formation of Smad3/4 complexes while it does not alter Smad2/4 complex levels." SIGNOR-261378 N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide chemical CHEBI:47495 ChEBI PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 2156866 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Kinetic analysis indicated that H-89 inhibits protein kinase A, in competitive fashion against ATP." SIGNOR-261087 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT UCN protein P55089 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001509 23801677 t lperfetto "When cells were treated with DHT alone, AR was upregulated and translocated into the nuclei, which might repress UCN1 expression via a potential androgen-responsive element found in human CRF family promoter|These data suggest that DHT differentially influences UCN1 levels under normal and inflammatory conditions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which involves AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms respectively." SIGNOR-253688 RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT FKBP8 protein Q14318 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 19222999 t lperfetto "Recent studies document that Rheb activates mTORC1 via direct, GTP-dependent interaction with the peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase FKBP38, which is proposed to act as an inhibitor of mTORC1." SIGNOR-233568 MUL1 protein Q969V5 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys284 LENLMLDkDGHIKIT 9606 22410793 t gcesareni "The results of the functional studies suggest that the degradation of Akt by MULAN suppresses cell proliferation and viability." SIGNOR-252460 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phosphonato-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine smallmolecule CHEBI:147287 ChEBI 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazol-3-ium smallmolecule CHEBI:137981 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The second enzyme in the DNPB pathway is trifunc tional GART (TGART), whose domains and activities include: glycinamide ribonucleotide synthase (GARS) that catalyzes the ATP-dependent process that uses 5- PRA and Gly to make glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR); glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART) that transfers the formyl group of N10-formyltetrahydrofolate to GAR, generating formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR); and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthase (AIRS) that converts formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) to aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-267313 MMP7 protein P09237 UNIPROT HAPLN1 protein P10915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu40 QAENGPHlLVEAEQA -1 7694569 t miannu "Matrix metalloproteinases cleave at two distinct sites on human cartilage link protein. Sequencing studies of modified link protein components revealed that stromelysins-1 and -2, gelatinases A and B and collagenase cleaved specifically between His16 and Ile17, and matrilysin, stromelysin-2 and gelatinase A cleaved between Leu25 and Leu26. Based on previously determined in situ cleavage sites it is evident that matrix metalloproteinases are not solely responsible for the accumulation of link protein degradation products in adult human cartilage, indicating that additional proteolytic agents are involved in the normal catabolism of human cartilage matrix." SIGNOR-256329 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT UBXN2B protein Q14CS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr59 TVFKSPRtPPQRFYS 23500464 t lperfetto "At mitosis, Cdc2 kinase phosphorylates p47 on Serine-140 and p37 on Serine-56 and Threonine-59, respectively. The phosphorylated p47 and p37 are unable to bind to Golgi membranes, resulting in mitotic inhibition of the p97/p47 and the p97/p37 pathways, respectively." SIGNOR-265041 COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Collagen is the major structural protein in skeletal muscle ECM;...Several studies suggest that perimysial collagen is predominantly type I" SIGNOR-254663 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR IGFBP1 protein P08833 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10358076 f miannu "Reporter gene studies in hepg2 hepatoma cells show that fkhr stimulates insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 promoter activity through an irs" SIGNOR-252925 ATP6AP1 protein Q15904 UNIPROT RAB7A protein P51149 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 22467241 t lperfetto "We found that Ac45 colocalized with Rab7 in resorbing osteoclasts cultured on bone slices (Fig. 6A). In addition, a co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Ac45 directly interacted with Rab7| Therefore, Ac45’s role in extracellular acidification, lysosomal trafficking, and cathepsin K exocytosis may be through the Rab7 pathway." SIGNOR-261484 HYDIN protein Q4G0P3 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 32376282 t miannu "HYDIN promotes expression of Gata4 in cardiomyocyte differentiation. HYDIN functions as a positive regulator of human cardiomyocyte differentiation and promotes expression of cardiac contractile genes in hESC cells. This is mediated through GATA4, a critical transcription factor in heart development. Cardiac-specific Hydin knockdown in vivo leads to Gata4 downregulation and enhanced atrial septal defect (ASD) risk in mice. GATA4 is a fundamental TF in embryonic heart development and cardiac differentiation, and reduction in GATA4 function results in a diverse range of CHDs" SIGNOR-265479 TIMM44 protein O43615 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267689 FOXN4 protein Q96NZ1 UNIPROT PTF1A protein Q7RTS3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001175 17075007 f Luana " We conclude that Foxn4 functions upstream of Ptf1a to activate its expression, thereby regulating the generation of amacrine and horizontal cells during retinogenesis." SIGNOR-261608 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1054 AVPEGHEyYRVREDG 9606 BTO:0000452 8702790 t lperfetto "These results indicate that tyk2 is activated by phosphorylation on tyr-1054 and/or tyr-1055The K930R mutant, bearing a mutation in the ATP binding site, is catalytically inactive (Fig. 3B, lanes 5 and 6). This protein is not basally phosphorylated, while the wt and the Y1054F/Y1055F proteins are (Fig. 3A), suggesting that autophosphorylation is responsible for the basal level of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-43088 ezogabine chemical CHEBI:68584 ChEBI KCNQ3 protein O43525 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "Selleck;anticonvulsant for KCNQ2/3 currents" gcesareni SIGNOR-206541 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT KRT20 protein P35900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 RSFHRSLsSSLQAPV -1 20724476 t miannu "P38 phosphorylates the type II keratin, K8 at Ser73, whereas MK2 phosphorylates the binding partners K18 at Ser52 and K20 at Ser13." SIGNOR-263072 GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT Hexosamine_biosynthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH194 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21310273 f miannu "GFPT1 is the key enzyme of the hexosamine pathway yielding the amino sugar UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, an essential substrate for protein glycosylation." SIGNOR-267819 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr188 SFVGTLQyLAPELLE 9606 SIGNOR-C14 12645577 t gcesareni "These results indicate that c-src can associate with ikkbeta and phosphorylate its tyrosine residues after tnf-alfa or tpa stimulation." SIGNOR-99314 NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex SIGNOR-C147 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 17713585 t lperfetto "The mre11_rad50_nbs1 (mrn) complex is among the earliest respondents to dna double-strand breaks (dsbs). To organize the mrn complex, the mre11 exonuclease directly binds nbs1, dna, and rad50." SIGNOR-251505 CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser310 TEDTAEYsPFKGGYT 9534 17698582 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on Fig 7D" lperfetto "We found that AR was phosphorylated at Ser-308 by cyclin D3/CDK11p58 in vitro and in vivo, leading to the repressed activity of AR transcriptional activation unit 1 (TAU1)." SIGNOR-273130 TOR1AIP1 protein Q5JTV8 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000452 16361107 t Sara "Co-immune precipitation studies revealed association between vimentin and torsinA in a complex. these studies suggest that mutant torsinA interferes with cytoskeletal events involving vimentin, possibly by restricting movement of these particles/filaments, and hence may affect development of neuronal pathways in the brain." SIGNOR-261313 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr42 SGVEVRVtPTRTEII 9606 15950189 t llicata "Erk phosphorylates threonine 42 residue of ribosomal protein s3." SIGNOR-137959 MED25 protein Q71SY5 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266681 GPKOW protein Q92917 UNIPROT DHX16 protein O60231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25296192 t miannu "In this report, we showed that GPKOW interacted directly with the DHX16/hPRP2 and with RNA. Immuno-depletion of GPKOW from HeLa nuclear extracts resulted in an inactive spliceosome that still bound DHX16." SIGNOR-266312 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 DNQLTIKsPSKRELA 9606 SIGNOR-C83 10339564 t lperfetto "Based on these results, we propose that phosphorylation of hscdc6 by cdks regulates dna replication of at least two steps: first, by promoting initiation of dna replication and, second, through nuclear exclusion preventing dna rereplication. hscdc6 is an excellent substrate for cdk2 in vitro and is phosphorylated in vivo at three sites (ser-54, ser-74, and ser-106)" SIGNOR-67540 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT TM9SF4 protein Q92544 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001545 25961573 t miannu "Here, we investigated the impact of hypoxia on TM9SF4 expression in leukemic cells and identified TM9SF4 as a direct target of HIF-1α, downregulated in these cells by hypoxia. Then, we found that the hypoxia-mediated downregulation of TM9SF4 expression is associated with a decrease of cell adhesion of leukemic cells to fibronectin, thus demonstrating that human TM9SF4 is a new molecule involved in leukemic cell adhesion." SIGNOR-266705 GRIK1 protein P39086 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264342 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11804587 t lperfetto "We show that pak1 forms homodimers in vivo and that its dimerization is regulated by the intracellular level of gtp-cdc42 or gtp-rac1. The dimerized pak1 adopts a trans-inhibited conformation." SIGNOR-236338 C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "C5 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C312 SIGNOR "form complex" binding cleavage:Arg748 ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 31331124 t "complement C3b fragment: PRO_0000005911" lperfetto "C3b associates with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase and cleaves C5." SIGNOR-263448 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 BTO:0000938 20841359 t gcesareni "Inhibitory phosphorylation of gsk-3 by camkii couples depolarization to neuronal survival." SIGNOR-167962 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser434 SFEPKIRsPRRFIGS 9606 7545671 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-28796 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT ITGA2 protein P17301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001596 1744142 f lperfetto "TGF-beta 1 decreases the biosynthesis of alpha 3 subunit but increases the production of alpha 2 subunit. IL-1 beta potentiates the effects of TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, in the presence of TGF-beta 1 the increase in the expression of alpha 1 subunit by IL-1 beta is even larger. Thus, IL-1 beta and TGF-beta 1, which usually have antagonistic functions in connective tissue, can regulate integrin expression in a synergistic way." SIGNOR-253354 TET1 protein Q8NFU7 UNIPROT SLIT2 protein O94813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27708339 t irozzo "Furthermore, TET1 catalytic domain possessed demethylase activity in cancer cells, being able to inhibit the CpG methylation of tumor suppressor gene (TSG) promoters and reactivate their expression, such as SLIT2, ZNF382 and HOXA9." SIGNOR-259093 HSF2 protein Q03933 UNIPROT HSPA6 protein P17066 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12813038 f miannu "These experiments suggest that HSF2 is involved in the stress response, but unlike the ubiquitous HSF1 operates in a cell-line specific manner through differential expression of alternatively spliced isoforms. Curiously, HSF2A could not be activated by heat shock in cells deficient in functional HSF1 and required the expression of HSF1 for heat induction of the hsp70B gene in cells." SIGNOR-254478 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CSPG4 protein Q6UVK1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2252 YLRKRNKtGKHDVQV 9606 BTO:0002035 15504744 t miannu "Protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha phosphorylation of recombinant NG2 cytoplasmic domain and phorbol ester-induced PKC-dependent phosphorylation of full-length NG2 expressed in U251 cells are both blocked by mutation of Thr(2256), identifying this residue as a primary phosphorylation site. PKC-alpha-mediated NG2 phosphorylation at Thr(2256) is therefore a key step for initiating cell polarization and motility." SIGNOR-263162 MRPL16 protein Q9NX20 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262377 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser432 NQNVLLMsPPASDSG 9606 14988395 t lperfetto "Insulin-activated erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 at serine residues 432 and 455 in vivo.Further characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and promoter reporter gene analyses revealed that phosphorylation does not influence protein/dna interaction, but enhances trans-activity." SIGNOR-123041 CLU protein P10909 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001321 20068069 t miannu "CLU-2 is a ubiquitin binding protein (UBP) that enhances proteasome activity. sCLU promotes degradation of COMMD1. sCLU interacts with the SCF-βTrCP E3 ligase complex, serving as a scaffolding chaperone to form a multimeric protein complex that facilitates COMMD1 and I-κB ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-271433 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK 9606 10482988 t miannu "Intracellular FLT3 signaling involves tyrosine phosphorylation of several cytoplasmic proteins including SHC. We have found that upon FLT3 activation SHC phosphorylation occurs at tyrosine 239/240 and 313." SIGNOR-251146 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR IL16 protein Q14005 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 14768064 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The precursor form of the cytokine il-16 (proil-16) was shown to be phosphorylated on ser144 in antigen receptor-, sdf1alpha- and il-2-activated t cells. Genetic and pharmacological-inhibitor experiments showed that the phosphorylation of proil-16 is dependent on activation of the kinases erk1/2. Il-16 is secreted by mitogen-activated t cells, and the biochemical link between proil-16 and erk1/2, revealed by studies with pap-1, prompted analysis of the role of map kinases in this response." SIGNOR-270168 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr223 TSFMMTPyVVTRYYR -1 10715136 t "Activation of JNK3 alpha 1 requires both MKK4 and MKK7. both MKK4 and MKK7 were required for bisphosphorylation and maximal enzyme activity. a processive mechanism for JNK3R1 activation that requires phosphorylation of Thr 221 by MKK7 prior to phosphorylation of Tyr 223 by MKK4" SIGNOR-251423 "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates 15721307 f lperfetto "We previously showed that α8β1-mediated adhesion of cells to fibronectin resulted in phosphorylation of FAK | FAK can activate PI3 kinase, either directly or indirectly through Src kinase [23]." SIGNOR-253309 CyclinA2/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C420 SIGNOR G2/M_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH52 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29870721 f lperfetto "Here we show that cyclin A/cdk1 kinase is the factor triggering mitosis." SIGNOR-267572 CD3D protein P04234 UNIPROT CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12507424 t miannu "The T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) serves a critical role in the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells, and receptor triggering elicits a complex set of biological responses that serve to protect the organism from infectious agents. The receptor is composed of six different chains that form the TCR heterodimer responsible for ligand recognition, as well as the CD3γε, CD3δε, and ζζ signaling modules." SIGNOR-255295 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" cleavage -1 10579725 t lperfetto "P53 can inhibit the survival function of integrins by inducing the caspase-dependent cleavage and inactivation of the serine/threonine kinase akt/pkb;the involvement of caspase 3 in akt/pkb regulation was indicated by the ability of z-devd-fmk, a caspase 3 inhibitor, to block the alpha6beta4-associated reduction in akt/pkb levels in vivo, and by the ability of recombinant caspase 3 to promote the cleavage of akt/pkb in vitro" SIGNOR-72677 MRPL53 protein Q96EL3 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262345 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 16524876 t Gianni "These results suggest that SPOP/Cul3-ubiquitin ligase plays an essential role in the control of Daxx level and, thus, in the regulation of Daxx-mediated cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation and apoptosis." SIGNOR-268858 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser954 QKSKKKKsAKRKLTP 9606 BTO:0000007 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. We found that phosphorylated PHF2 then associates with ARID5B, a DNA-binding protein, and induce demethylation of methylated ARID5B. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2-ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark. Replacement of all of four serine residues by alanines (4SA: Ser 757/Ser 899/Ser 954/Ser 1056) fully abrogated PKA phosphorylation of PHF2 (Fig. 2h)." SIGNOR-264512 DMXL2 protein Q8TDJ6 UNIPROT MADD protein Q8WXG6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 11809763 t miannu "We isolated here a novel protein that was co-immunoprecipitated with Rab3 GEP and GAP by their respective antibodies from the crude synaptic vesicle fraction of rat brain. The protein, named rabconnectin-3, bound both Rab3 GEP and GAP. These results indicate that rabconnectin-3 serves as a scaffold molecule for both Rab3 GEP and GAP on synaptic vesicles." SIGNOR-265581 CACNA2D3 protein Q8IZS8 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 31746409 f miannu "Overexpression of CACNA2D3 reduced proliferation and migration, but increased apoptosis and Ca2+ influx in Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells." SIGNOR-266854 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:143788 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34283828 t miannu "In humans, GART [phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) / phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (EC 6.3.4.13) / phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1)] is a trifunctional protein which catalyzes the second, third, and fifth reactions of the ten step de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) pathway. The second step of DNPS is conversion of phosphoribosylamine (5-PRA) to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR)." SIGNOR-268101 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 24157836 t miannu "FBXL5 is located in the nucleus where it interacts with Snail1 promoting its polyubiquitination and affecting Snail1 protein stability and function by impairing DNA binding. Snail1 is ubiquitinated by the SCFFBXL5 complex. Snail1 downregulation by FBXL5 is prevented by Lats2, a protein kinase that phosphorylates Snail1 precluding its nuclear export but not its polyubiquitination. To demonstrate that FBXL5 has a direct activity on Snail1, we carried out polyubiquitination reactions in vitro. For this we purified Snail1 and the SCFFBXL5 complex from Sf9 insect cells infected with different baculoviruses corresponding to Flag-FBXL5, His-Skp1, HA-Cullin1 and Rbx1 (Supplementary Figure S3C)." SIGNOR-272137 ZNF804A protein Q7Z570 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23434502 t miannu "ZNF804A has been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia by several genome-wide association studies (GWAS), follow-up association studies and meta-analyses. ZNF804A was identified as a schizophrenia-associated gene by GWAS and was predicted to play a role in DNA binding and transcription To identify the genes that are affected by ZNF804A, we manipulated the expression of the ZNF804A protein in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell lines and performed a cDNA microarray analysis followed by qPCR. We found that ZNF804A-overexpression up-regulated four genes (ANKRD1, INHBE, PIK3AP1, and DDIT3) and down-regulated three genes (CLIC2, MGAM, and BIRC3)." SIGNOR-269467 FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 10937998 f fspada "Wnt signaling maintains preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state through inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (ppargamma)" SIGNOR-80604 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HLA-A protein P04439 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser359 SAQGSDVsLTACKV 2941417 t lperfetto "As shown in Fig. 6A, the HLA heavy chain was phosphorylated by kinase C. | The major site of in vivo phosphorylation of the HLA-B7 heavy chain was localized to Ser-335 which is conserved in all specificitie" SIGNOR-248891 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ASCC2 protein Q9H1I8 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272692 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR "Histone H2B" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF68 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271978 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu433 REYHTEKlVTSKGDK -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-14 27YVATRDN g-chain| 105XDAATLKSR g-chain | 92LTYNPDES g-chain |105LTTNIXEXL a-chain|433LVTSKGDKE a-chain| 117FXSANNRD a-chain" SIGNOR-263620 MIPOL1 protein Q8TD10 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 31609475 f miannu "In our results, we also showed that re-expression of MIPOL1 is associated with suppression phosphorylation of AKT and p65, a subunit of NF-ҡB. This suggests that MIPOL1 may inhibit invasion by suppression of phosphorylation of AKT and p65 to further inhibit the expression of MMP-9" SIGNOR-261135 PPP2R2C protein Q9Y2T4 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 18069897 t gcesareni "We show that PR55gamma binds c-SRC and modulates the phosphorylation of serine 12 of c-SRC, a residue we demonstrate to be required for JNK activation by c-SRC" SIGNOR-247966 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258994 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8381049 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Activated map kinase phosphorylates cpla2 at ser-505, causing increased enzymatic activity of cpla2, which is only realized upon translocation of cpla2 to the membrane." SIGNOR-270096 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NEURL1B protein A8MQ27 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271252 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000150 19573809 f lperfetto "However, here we show through phosphoprotein profiling and functional genomic studies that many PIK3CA mutant cancer cell lines and human breast tumors exhibit only minimal AKT activation and a diminished reliance on AKT for anchorage-independent growth" SIGNOR-252704 ZNF423 protein Q2M1K9 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000011 20200519 f "Ectopic expression of Zfp423 in non-adipogenic NIH 3T3 fibroblasts robustly activates expression of Pparg in undifferentiated cells and permits cells to undergo adipocyte differentiation under permissive conditions. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated reduction of Zfp423 expression in 3T3-L1 cells blunts preadipocyte Pparg expression and diminishes the ability of these cells to differentiate." SIGNOR-255928 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 ACTNFMMtPYVVTRY 9606 11062067 t "phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif" gcesareni "Here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1). These results indicate that hgk, a novel activator of the jnk pathway, may function through tak1, and that the hgk --> tak1 --> mkk4, mkk7 --> jnk kinase cascade may mediate the TNF-alphalpha signaling pathway." SIGNOR-83744 GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257255 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser669 DFKDRVQsKIGSLDN -1 8999860 t miannu "Muscle phosphorylase kinase phosphorylates Ser237, Ser262, Ser285, Ser305, and Ser352 of human tau. in vitro phosphorylation of tau on Ser262 alone strongly reduced the ability of tau to bind microtubules whereas the phosphorylation of many Ser/Thr-Pro motif sites of tau showed moderate effects on the binding of tau to microtubules" SIGNOR-250287 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr603 LKTPSAAyLWVGTGA -1 10210201 t llicata "Gelsolin phosphorylation by c-Src in the presence of lysophosphatidic acid also revealed Tyr438 as the most prominent site. Additional minor sites were found using the anti-phosphotyrosine bead immunoprecipitation method followed by MALDI-MS and PSD analysis. These sites, representing approximately 5% of the total phosphate incorporation, were identified as Tyr59, Tyr382, Tyr576, and Tyr624." SIGNOR-250782 PTPRD protein P23468 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 27225731 f miannu "LAR (for leukocyte common antigen-related) is a family of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) with three known members: LAR/PTPRF, PTPδ/PTPRD, and PTPσ/PTPRS. In mammals, LAR-RPTPs have been shown to regulate dendrite and excitatory synapse development and maintenance" SIGNOR-264089 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1868 SPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203564 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser408 GPLPRAPsISTVEPK 9606 26190112 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This in turn leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency." SIGNOR-259860 L-arginine chemical CHEBI:16467 ChEBI ARG1 protein P05089 UNIPROT up-regulates BTO:0000801 BTO:0001103 25386178 f apalma "In mammalian cells, arginine can be catabolized by four classes of enzymes (Figure ​(Figure1):1): NOS, arginase, arginine decarboxylase (ADC), and arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT)" SIGNOR-255555 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT RB1CC1 protein Q8TDY2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19597335 t gcesareni "Ulk1 and ulk2 are the kinase phosphorylating their binding proteins atg13 and fip200. Atg13 directly binds fip200 and mediates the interaction between fip200 and ulks." SIGNOR-186992 PLRG1 protein O43660 UNIPROT PRP19-CDC5L complex SIGNOR-C534 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20176811 t miannu "In this study, we affinity purified the human Prp19/CDC5L complex from HeLa cell lines stably expressing FLAG-AD002 or FLAG-SPF27 and determined its molecular architecture and EM structure. To learn more about the spatial organization of the human Prp19 (hPrp19)/CDC5L complex, which is comprised of hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73, we purified native hPrp19/CDC5L complexes from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002 or SPF27." SIGNOR-271969 androst-4-ene-3,17-dione smallmolecule CHEBI:16422 ChEBI testosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17347 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001363 16166196 t lperfetto "A novel 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) chronologically named type 12 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD12), that transforms estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) was identified by sequence similarity with type 3 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD3) that catalyzes the formation of testosterone from androstenedione in the testis." SIGNOR-268665 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser537 PSLEPQKsLGDEGLN 11325525 t llicata "CaMK II phosphorylated PLCbeta3 but not PLCbeta1 in vitro. Phosphorylation occurred exclusively on 537Ser in the X-Y linker region of PLCbeta3. 537Ser was also phosphorylated in the basal state in cells and phosphorylation was enhanced by ionomycin treatment" SIGNOR-250702 PIK3AP1 protein Q6ZUJ8 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801 22187458 t gcesareni "This accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated bcap at the membrane with its associated pi3k would then allow for the catalysis of ptd ins p2 to ptd ins p3 and downstream pi3k-dependent signals. Therefore, bcap is an essential activator of the pi3k pathway downstream of tlr signaling, providing a brake to limit potentially pathogenic excessive tlr responses." SIGNOR-191664 PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000627 8866550 f "inferred from family member" miannu "The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays a primary role in the glucose-responsive secretion of insulin, and defects of this enzyme can cause NIDDM. As a step toward understanding the molecular basis of glucokinase (GK) gene regulation, we assessed the structure and regulation of the human GK gene beta-cell-type promoter. The results of reporter gene analyses using HIT-T15 cells revealed that the gene promoter was comprised of multiple cis-acting elements, including two primarily important cis-motifs: a palindrome structure, hPal-1, and the insulin gene cis-motif A element-like hUPE3. While both elements were bound specifically by nuclear proteins, it was the homeodomain-containing transcription factor insulin promoter factor 1 (IPF1)/STF-1/PDX-1 that bound to the hUPE3 site: IPF1, when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, became bound to the hUPE3 site and activated transcription." SIGNOR-270264 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT PCSK9 protein Q8NBP7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17921436 t miannu "Expression of nuclear forms of sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and SREBP-2 dramatically increased the promoter activity of PCSK9." SIGNOR-255223 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 BTO:0001109 36882522 t lperfetto "CDK13 directly phosphorylates 4E-BP1 at Thr46 and eIF4B at Ser422; genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting CDK13 disrupts mRNA translation." SIGNOR-273113 PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements. PER and CRY proteins form heterodimers and suppress the activity of the BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) completing the feedback loop." SIGNOR-267977 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32446778 f "doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003" miannu "Interleukin-6 (IL-6) deserves a more extensive discussion in view of its involvement in the coronavirus-induced cytokine storm. The production of this cytokine is increased by IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α)" SIGNOR-260855 CMA1 protein P23946 UNIPROT EDN3 protein P14138 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Tyr127 TPEQTVPyGLSNYRG 9606 BTO:0000830 9257865 t miannu "Chymase from human mast cells selectively cleaved big endothelins (ETs) at the Tyr31-Gly32 bond and produced novel trachea-constricting 31-amino acid-length endothelins, ETs(1-31), without any further degradation products." SIGNOR-256355 (+)-pilocarpine chemical CHEBI:8207 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258629 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 21297102 t gcesareni "Axitinib , a highly selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors taken orally, is approved for second-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (rcc) after failure of prior treatment with sunitinib or a cytokine." SIGNOR-171860 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT PKG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF77 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000972 8089148 f "inferred from family member" miannu "Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activates erythropoietin gene transcription in Hep3B cells subjected to hypoxia. HIF-1 activity is also induced by hypoxia in non-erythropoietin-producing cells, suggesting a more general regulatory role. We now report that RNAs encoding the glycolytic enzymes aldolase A (ALDA), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), and pyruvate kinase M were induced by exposure of Hep3B or HeLa cells to inducers of HIF-1 (1% O2, cobalt chloride, or desferrioxamine). Sequences from the ALDA, PFKL, and PGK1 genes containing HIF-1 binding sites mediated hypoxia-inducible transcription in transient expression assays." SIGNOR-270291 SMARCD2 protein Q92925 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269821 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1231 HSLAARYyNWVSFPG 9606 12881528 t lperfetto "Trans-phosphorylation of activated, dimerized receptor tyrosine kinases is known to be critical for the regulation of kinase activity and for receptor interaction with signal transduction molecules. In this study, we have identified five tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in the vegfr-3 carboxyl-terminal tail." SIGNOR-104076 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9099724 t 2 miannu "Coexpression of NFI-B3 with other isoforms of the NFI-B, -C, and -X family, however, led to a strong reduction of transcriptional activation compared with the expression of these factors alone. NFI-B3 apparently forms heterodimers with other NFI proteins thereby interfering with their function." SIGNOR-240883 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SERINC3 protein Q13530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser383 DTTTSGAsDEEDGQP -1 30135209 t miannu "The two serines within the PSAC of Serinc3 are phosphorylated by casein kinase II and mediate interaction with the μ subunits in vitro." SIGNOR-273632 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT NIBAN2 protein Q96TA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr593 PIDWGEEySNSGGGG 9606 BTO:0002035 26721396 t miannu " We demonstrate here that activated EGFR phosphorylates the Y593 residue of the protein known as family with sequence similarity 129, member B (FAM129B), which is overexpressed in many types of human cancer. FAM129B phosphorylation increased the interaction between FAM129B and Ras, resulting in reduced binding of p120-RasGAP to Ras." SIGNOR-273637 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SPRED1 protein Q7Z699 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser105 KFGLTFQsPADARAF 9606 BTO:0000007 32697994 t miannu "We show that oncogenic EGFR(L858R) signaling leads to the phosphorylation of SPRED1 on serine 105, disrupting the SPRED1-neurofibromin complex. The structural, biochemical, and biological results provide new mechanistic insights about how SPRED1 interacts with neurofibromin and regulates active KRAS levels in normal and pathologic conditions." SIGNOR-273638 TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15942022 f lperfetto "Down-regulation of DNA topoisomerase IIalpha leads to prolonged cell cycle transit in G2 and early M phases and increased survival to microtubule-interacting agents" SIGNOR-242537 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 16571352 f lperfetto "Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts responded to Shh stimulation with the induction of Hh target genes Gli1, Ptc1, and Hip1.These observations support the previously advanced notion of a functional redundancy or cooperativity between Gli2 and Gli1 in activation of target genes [18] and [43] and indicate a functional cooperation between Gli3 and Gli1." SIGNOR-209632 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000848 17148680 f irozzo "Here we investigated the effects of HO-1 overexpression in murine and human melanoma cells. The most important findings of our study are that 1) overexpression of HO-1 augments the proliferation [.]" SIGNOR-256295 SPRED1 protein Q7Z699 UNIPROT NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32697994 t miannu "Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing (SPRED) proteins negatively regulate RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling following growth factor stimulation. This inhibition of RAS is thought to occur primarily through SPRED1 binding and recruitment of neurofibromin, a RasGAP, to the plasma membrane. Here, we report the structure of neurofibromin (GTPase-activating protein [GAP]-related domain) complexed with SPRED1 (EVH1 domain) and KRAS. The structure provides insight into how the membrane targeting of neurofibromin by SPRED1 allows simultaneous interaction with activated KRAS." SIGNOR-273660 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser77 GEKGRALsTRCQPLE -1 2584239 t lperfetto "We have now determined that PKC phosphorylated serine 43 (and/or serine 45), serine 78, and threonine 144 in the free Tn-I subunit" SIGNOR-248890 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser130 SGEQAEGsPGGPGDS 9606 12058028 t gcesareni "The stress-activated protein kinases p38 alpha and jnk1 stabilize p21(cip1) by phosphorylation.|p38 alpha and JNK1 phosphorylated p21 in vivo, and both p38 alpha and JNK1 phosphorylated p21 at Ser(130) in vitro." SIGNOR-89436 PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser972 KEFGVERsVRPTDSN -1 10487978 t miannu "Phk is activated in vitro by autophosphorylation. Ser1018 and at least three of the other six serine residues (Ser972, -985, and -1007) can be phosphorylated in vitro by Phk itself (autophosphorylation)" SIGNOR-250281 prazosin chemical CHEBI:8364 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258468 SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264602 COL4A5 protein P29400 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35267698 t lperfetto "Integrins constitute a major group of receptors for extracellular matrix components, including collagens.|Among the four types, the signaling mechanism of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins has especially been reported. These integrins bind to both collagen types I and IV; however, their affinities differ: α1β1 has a higher affinity for collagen type IV, while α2β1 preferentially binds to collagen type I [13,23]." SIGNOR-272349 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270608 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 9670020 t lperfetto "Smad2 and Smad3 form homo-oligomers upon phosphorylation by the constitutively active TGF-beta type I receptor, and this oligomerization does not require Smad4" SIGNOR-217227 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZBTB12 protein Q9Y330 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271022 "tacrolimus (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:61049 ChEBI PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-127242 GAST protein P01350 UNIPROT CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 10368033 t gcesareni "A segment of five amino acids in the second extracellular loop of the cck-b receptor was shown to be essential for the high affinity of the natural peptide agonits, gastrin," SIGNOR-66987 RBKS protein Q9H477 UNIPROT "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25749547 t miannu "Human ribokinase (RK) is a member of the ribokinase family, and is the first enzyme responsible for D-ribose metabolism, since D-ribose must first be converted into D-ribose-5-phosphate to be further metabolized and incorporated into ATP or other high energy phosphorylated compounds." SIGNOR-267073 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF183 protein Q96D59 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271209 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR NR2C2 protein P49116 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser351 HVISRDQsTPIIEVE 9606 21478464 t lperfetto "Tr4 transactivation is inhibited via phosphorylation bymetformin-induced amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) at the amino acid serine 351, which results in the suppression of scd1 gene expression" SIGNOR-216537 CNR2 protein P34972 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256700 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005014 27856324 t irozzo "Previously, we found that MLL-AF4 binds to the BCL-2 gene and directly activates it through DOT1L recruitment and increased H3K79me2/3 levels. MLL-AF4 directly controls the active transcription of both BCL-2 and MCL-1 […]. Of all the BCL-2 family members, only BCL-2 and MCL-1 are directly activated by MLL-AF4." SIGNOR-255882 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr329 RALTEDStQTSDTAT -1 7836371 t gcesareni "Kinetic studies demonstrated that GRK2 has a Km for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the FPR of approximately 1.5 microM and that denaturation of the substrate results in an almost complete loss of phosphorylation [€] simultaneous substitution of the upstream Ser328, Thr329, Thr331, and Ser332 or merely the Ser328 and Thr329 residues resulted in an approximately 80% reduction in phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249664 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" acetylation Lys70 EGILRRLkKYDNCWL 9606 BTO:0000007 21726808 t lperfetto "Acetylation Regulates Gluconeogenesis by Promoting PEPCK1 Degradation via Recruiting the UBR5 Ubiquitin Ligase|P300 Acetylates and Destabilizes PEPCK1|Furthermore, coexpression of P300 increased acetylation levels of wild-type PEPCK1, but not PEPCK13K/R, indicating that P300 acts on these lysine residues of PEPCK1" SIGNOR-267597 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT STX17 protein P56962 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr157 SQSLTQIyALPEIPQ 9534 BTO:0001538 23006999 t miannu "C-Abl was identified as one of the kinases, which phosphorylates syntaxin 17.Western blot shows phosphorylation of syntaxin 17 on Tyr-156 by overexpression and activation of c-Abl. A phospho-mimicking mutant (Y156E) of syntaxin 17 showed reduced interaction with COPI vesicles. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of syntaxin 17 is likely to have a role in regulating syntaxin 17 dependent membrane trafficking in the early secretory pathway." SIGNOR-273538 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT WASF1 protein Q92558 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr125 PIPLQETyDVCEQPP 9606 16317717 t lperfetto "The wave/scar proteins regulate actin polymerisation at the leading edge of motile cells via activation of the arp2/3 complex in response to extracellular cues.Src-dependent phosphorylation of scar1 promotes its association with the arp2/3 complex" SIGNOR-142724 CHD4 protein Q14839 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263856 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000601 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258517 NPFFR2 protein Q9Y5X5 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256988 PTGER4 protein P35408 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256903 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 18156621 f "Our results demonstrate that IL-27 inhibits the acquisition of the Treg phenotype at the level of Foxp3. The inhibitory effect of IL-27 on Treg generation was at least partially signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dependent as examined by targeted STAT3 protein inhibition using small interfering RNA (siRNA)" SIGNOR-254304 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PKD2L1 protein Q9P0L9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser685 KLGRSIVsSPQGKSG -1 29230552 t miannu "PKD2L1 channel activation by PKA phosphorylation. In this study, we observed the activity of PKD2L1 channel increased by the downstream cascades of β2AR and found the clustered phosphorylation sites, Ser-682, Ser-685, and Ser-686 that are significant in the channel regulation by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273562 prednisone chemical CHEBI:8382 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 4344326 t "Bell's palsy" gcesareni SIGNOR-251704 RPE protein Q96AT9 UNIPROT "D-xylulose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57737 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267068 PLPPR1 protein Q8TBJ4 UNIPROT RASGEF1B protein Q0VAM2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27058420 t miannu "Oncogenic effects of imbalanced PRG3 are mediated via PRG3-RasGEF1 interaction and Ras activation. PRG3 interacts with RasGEF1 in vivo.We could further show that PRG3 executes the binding to RasGEF1 predominantly via its C-terminal domain (CT) and in the consequence causes Ras activation." SIGNOR-261806 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr3 tSQKHRDF 9606 16495336 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain. Coexpression of vrk1 and gfp-baf greatly diminishes the association of baf with the nuclear chromatin/matrix and leads to its dispersal throughout the cell" SIGNOR-144803 EIF3E protein P60228 UNIPROT MCM7 protein P33993 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 17310990 t irozzo "Our data show that INT6 interacts with a C-terminal domain of MCM7. Collectively, our observations suggest that INT6 restrains the increased degradation of MCM7 occurring during DNA replication by protecting its polyubiquitylated derivatives from the proteasome activity." SIGNOR-259154 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23663276 t milica "Socs1 and socs3 target jak1 and gp130, respectively, near the plasma membrane to prevent cytoplasmic stats from being activated, whereas pias1 principally targets activated stat1 in the cell nucleus and prevents it from binding to dna." SIGNOR-202039 "tamoxifen citrate" chemical CHEBI:9397 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20512796 t miannu "Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) antagonists have been widely used for breast cancer therapy. Despite initial responsiveness, hormone-sensitive ER-positive cancer cells eventually develop resistance to ER antagonists. It has been shown that in most of these resistant tumor cells, the ER is expressed and continues to regulate tumor growth. Recent studies indicate that tamoxifen initially acts as an antagonist, but later functions as an ER agonist, promoting tumor growth." SIGNOR-259300 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 BTO:0001939 15520018 t miannu "Smad3 was phosphorylated at both Ser203 and Ser207 in untreated MCF10CA1h cells and the p38 and ROCK inhibitors each down-regulated phosphorylation at these sites. we demonstrate that phosphorylation at Ser203 and Ser207 residues is required for the full transactivation potential of Smad3, and that these residues are targets of the p38 and Rho/ROCK pathways." SIGNOR-250112 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr393 RLMTGDTyTAHAGAK 9606 BTO:0001271 8441409 t lperfetto "Sh1 domain autophosphorylation of p210 bcr/abl is required for transformation but not growth factor independence." SIGNOR-39142 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser129 ICPSLPYsPVSSPQS 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-198134 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser567 DSSRFPMsPRPDSVH 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249398 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 SALNRTSsDSALHTS 9606 20577053 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on the ser171 residue of crtc2 by ampk and ampk-related kinases, including the salt-inducible kinases (siks), is critical for determining the activity, cellular localization, and degradation of crtc2" SIGNOR-166372 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18378410 f miannu "Positive regulation of promoter activity of human 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) gene is mediated by transcription factors Sp1 and NF-Y." SIGNOR-255208 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 25787076 f miannu "The UPS by itself degrades actomyosin and myofibrillar proteins slowly, but when caspase-3 is activated, it cleaves actomyosin and the myofibrillar proteins to provide substrates for degradation in the UPS . Caspase-3 also can cleave specific subunits of the 19 S proteasome particle, which stimulates the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome[...] These results indicate that caspase-3 participates in the muscle proteolysis that is present in tumor-bearing mice" SIGNOR-255336 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 FLMECRNsPVTKTPP 12213813 t lperfetto "In response to UV-B irradiation, the translation factor 4E-BP1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E [eIF4E]-binding protein 1) was phosphorylated at Thr36, Thr45, Ser64 and Thr69. Using either p38 MAPK inhibitors or the MSK inhibitor H89, UV-B-irradiation-induced phosphorylation was blocked [43]. 4E-BP1 binds to eIF4E in resting cells to prevent formation of a functional eIF4F complex, which is essential for cap-dependent initiation of translation. Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 leads to dissociation from eIF4E" SIGNOR-262993 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser512 PPKSGDRsGYSSPGS 9606 BTO:0000590 9771888 t lperfetto "Sequencing of 32P-labeled trypsin phosphopeptides from tau prephosphorylated by A-kinase (using unlabeled ATP) and further phosphorylated by GSK-3 in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP revealed that Ser-195, Ser-198, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-262, Ser-356 and Ser-404 are phosphorylated, whereas if tau is not prephosphorylated by A-kinase, GSK-3 phosphorylates it at Thr-181, Ser-184, Ser-262, Ser-356 and Ser-400. These data suggest that (i) prephosphorylation of tau by A-kinase makes additional and different sites accessible for phosphorylation by GSK-3; (ii) phosphorylation of tau at these additional sites further inhibits the biological activity of tau in its ability to bind to microtubules and promote microtubule assembly." SIGNOR-249353 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr57 RAGETRFtDTRKDEQ 9606 phosphorylation:Thr57 RAGETRFtDTRKDEQ 8386634 t gcesareni "Protein phosphatases-2a and -2c (pp-2a and pp-2c) can each efficiently dephosphorylate phosphorylated eef-2" SIGNOR-38561 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser360 RKTQTSMsLGTTREK -1 24012422 t gianni "MLKL comprises a four-helical bundle tethered to the pseudokinase domain, which contains an unusual pseudoactive site. Although the pseudokinase domain binds ATP, it is catalytically inactive and its essential nonenzymatic role in necroptotic signaling is induced by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated phosphorylation.[...]S345, S347, and T349 in the MLKL activation loop were phosphorylated by RIPK3 in in vitro kinase assays" SIGNOR-266440 NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT SOX18 protein P35713 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 18496767 f miannu "co-transfection experiments revealed that over-expression of Sp3 and ZBP-89 down-regulate, while over-expression of NF-Y up-regulates SOX18 promoter activity in HeLa cells" SIGNOR-254818 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser36 PRKQPPVsPGTALVG 9606 17960875 t gcesareni "Here, we found that hipk2 phosphorylates hmga1a at ser-35, thr-52, and thr-77, and hmga1b at thr-41 and thr-66. In addition, we demonstrated that cdc2, which is known to phosphorylate hmga1 proteins, could induce the phosphorylation of hmga1 proteins at the same ser/thr sites. we found that the hipk2-phosphorylated hmga1a reduced the binding affinity of hmga1a to human germ line promoter, and the drop in binding affinity induced by hipk2 phosphorylation was lower than that introduced by cdc2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-158616 CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16481469 t gcesareni "Ci is phosphorylated by pka at multiple sites priming phosphorylation by both gsk3 and cki, leading to partial proteolysis. The pka, gsk3, and cki sites are conserved in gli2 and gli3, vertebrate homologs of ci that are similarly processed" SIGNOR-144554 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT EIF4ENIF1 protein Q9NRA8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser587 YLRPRIPsPIGFTPG 9606 22966201 t llicata "Identification of 4e-t phosphorylation sites regulated by jnk. identification of these residues as phosphorylation sites (ser301, ser374, ser513, ser587, ser693, and ser752) was obtained by ms/ms sequencing, these results demonstrate that jnk activity is required to stimulate the assembly of pbs in response to oxidative stress." SIGNOR-198996 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15851026 t gcesareni "Here, we show that erk may play a critical role in tsc progression through posttranslational inactivation of tsc2. Erk-dependent phosphorylation leads to tsc1-tsc2 dissociation and markedly impairs tsc2 ability to inhibit mtor signalin." SIGNOR-135692 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10090 35670107 t "STK38L ubiquitination promotes its activation and phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser495, rendering ULK1 in a permissive state for TRIM27-mediated hyper-ubiquitination" SIGNOR-270349 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr255 EEEGAPDyENLQELN 9606 11368773 t lperfetto "In the present study we reconstituted the LAT signalling pathway by demonstrating that a direct tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT with activated protein-tyrosine kinase Zap70 is necessary and sufficient for the association and activation of signalling proteins. Zap-70 efficiently phosphorylates LAT on tyrosine residues at positions 226, 191, 171, 132 and 127." SIGNOR-247034 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates BTO:0001103 15501225 f svumbaca "We found that ectopic expression of Pax-7 prevented myogenic differentiation and the induction of myogenin protein." SIGNOR-255367 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 10321728 t miannu "We identified a human F-box/WD40 repeats protein (HOS), which is homologous to Slimb/h betaTrCP. Being a part of SCF complex with Skp1 and Cullin1, HOS specifically interacted with the phosphorylated IkappaB and beta-catenin, targeting these proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation in vivo. " SIGNOR-272548 PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 11702783 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Here, we report that pea-15, a protein variably expressed in multiple cell types, blocks erk-dependent transcription and proliferation by binding erks and preventing their localization in the nucleus._ Pea-15 can redirect the biological outcome of map kinase signaling by regulating the subcellular localization of erk map kinase." SIGNOR-269925 NARS1 protein O43776 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270455 NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18854157 t gcesareni "Nbs1 can also immobilize atm at the site of the dsb via direct binding of atm to a c-terminal atm interaction motif on nbs1 . the mre11/rad50/nbs1 (mrn) complex maintains genomic stability by bridging dna ends and initiating dna damage signaling through activation of the atm" SIGNOR-181631 SENP1 protein Q9P0U3 UNIPROT GCM1 protein Q9NP62 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" desumoylation 9606 BTO:0000007 21791615 t miannu "We show that Epac1 and Rap1, in response to cAMP, activate CaMKI to phosphorylate Ser47 in GCM1. This phosphorylation facilitates the interaction between GCM1 and the desumoylating enzyme SENP1 and thereby leads to GCM1 desumoylation and activation." SIGNOR-262681 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12700180 t lperfetto "Noggin acts by binding bmps, thus preventing them from binding to their receptors (180). Noggin binds with various degrees of affinity bmp-2, -4, -5, -6, and -7, gdf-5, gdf-6, and vg1, but not other members of the tgf- family of peptides" SIGNOR-100657 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20331961 t milica "The receptor, now called lpa1, is a gpcr that couples to heterotrimeric g proteins (gi, gq, g12/13alpha subunits)." SIGNOR-164679 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MCM3 protein P25205 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser535 ATDDPNFsQEDQQDT 9606 15210935 t lperfetto "Atm phosphorylates mcm3 on s535 in response to ionizing radiation. Second, atr phosphorylates mcm2 on s108 in response to multiple forms of dna damage and stalling of replication forksthe functional consequences of mcm2 s108 and mcm3 s535 phosphorylation are not clear" SIGNOR-126308 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16682003 t gcesareni "Here we show that hrt2 and hes1 interact with rbp-jkappa to negatively regulate notch-dependent activation of hrt and hes expression." SIGNOR-146684 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22438257 f "Taken together, the described findings supported the notion that FLT3 ITD causes reduced DEP-1 activity compared with cells expressing WT FLT3 rather than alterations in mRNA or protein levels." SIGNOR-261553 CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT MGAT5B protein Q3V5L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001976 21771782 f miannu "By EMSA and ChIP analyses we identified two regulatory proteins, NeuroD1 and CTCF that bind to and activate the GnT-IX promoter. We also revealed that GnT-IX expression was suppressed in CTCF- and NeuroD1-depleted cells, indicating that a NeuroD1- and CTCF-dependent epigenetic mechanism governs brain-specific GnT-IX expression." SIGNOR-253826 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF166 protein Q96A37 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271065 NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11316793 t miannu "E4BP4, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, contains a DNA-binding domain closely related to DBP, HLF, and TEF, which are PAR proteins. Here, we show that the phase of e4bp4 mRNA rhythm is opposite to that of the dbp, hlf, and tef rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the mammalian circadian center, and the liver. The protein levels of E4BP4 and DBP also fluctuate in almost the opposite phase. All PAR proteins activate, whereas E4BP4 suppresses the mPer1 promoter through the same sequence" SIGNOR-268056 ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26775243 f miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit." SIGNOR-265536 TUBA1B protein P68363 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 f miannu "We show here that Elongator regulates corticogenesis because an acute disruption of its activity in dorsal progenitors results in radial migration delays and defective terminal branching of projection neurons that come with a reduction in α-tubulin acetylation. Importantly, this complex interacts with the microtubule cytoskeleton, where Elp3 may directly acetylate α-tubulin, a posttranslational modification known to regulate the intracellular trafficking that is critical for cell shape remodeling during migration and terminal branching." SIGNOR-269727 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 27477906 t lperfetto "Our quantitative ChIP experiments confirmed that ZMYND8 and JARID1D were co-localized at Slug, CD44, VEGFA, and EGFR genes (Figures 4F–4I). Our ChIP results also showed that ZMYND8 repressed and occupied other JARID1D target genes, such as the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP3, that we previously reported" SIGNOR-262040 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT PARD6/SMURF1 complex SIGNOR-C112 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004183 15761148 t lperfetto "The Par6-Smurf1 complex then mediates the localized ubiquitination of RhoA to enable the TGF_-dependent dissolution of tight junctions during EMT." SIGNOR-227562 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17211835 f miannu "Blocking the transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB prevented the TNFalpha-induced downregulation of TM." SIGNOR-254811 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr529 TPGSRSRtPSLPTPP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249348 ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257152 "Neuropeptide W-30" smallmolecule CHEBI:80256 ChEBI NPBWR1 protein P48145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257548 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000132 SIGNOR-C2 21592956 t lperfetto "Protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) is a Ser/Thr kinase involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism and is activated by dual phosphorylation on Thr(308) in the activation loop and Ser(473) in the hydrophobic motif. It plays a contributory role to platelet function, although little is known about its regulation. In this study, we investigated the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)-2 in Akt regulation using the recently identified small molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors PP242 and Torin1." SIGNOR-217869 SLC9A4 protein Q6AI14 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265603 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1941 SPKGSTYsPTSPGYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203604 paracetamol chemical CHEBI:46195 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000876 17884974 t Luana "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in man" SIGNOR-257757 MLNR protein O43193 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257016 HECTD3 protein Q5T447 UNIPROT TRIOBP protein Q9H2D6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18194665 t miannu "Here, we identify a novel Tara-binding protein HECTD3, a putative member of HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases. HECTD3 directly binds Tara in vitro and forms a complex with Tara in vivo. Overexpression of HECTD3 enhances the ubiquitination of Tara in vivo and promotes the turnover of Tara, whereas depletion of HECTD3 by small interfering RNA decreases Tara degradation." SIGNOR-271770 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr119 LSRRLKVtGDLFDIM 9606 19395874 t gcesareni "We found that DAPk phosphorylates Beclin 1 on T119, a critical residue within its BH3 domain, and thus promotes Beclin 1 dissociation from Bcl-X(L) and autophagy induction. Here we report that T119 phosphorylation also reduces the interaction between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2, in line with the high degree of structural homology between the BH3 binding pockets of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) proteins." SIGNOR-185589 SOX11 protein P35716 UNIPROT SPAST protein Q9UBP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22574173 f miannu "we demonstrate that SPAST transcription is positively regulated by NRF1 and SOX11." SIGNOR-254886 IHH protein Q14623 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "Ihh is found to be required for bmp-induced os-teogenesis of a limb-bud cell line in culture. Ihh sig-naling is directly required for the osteoblast lineage in developing long bones. Ihh functions in conjunction with other factors such as bmps to induce osteoblast differentiation. In vivo, ihh acts on potential progeni-tor cells to promote osteoblast differentiation and prevent chondrocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-195609 LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT DLL3 protein Q9NYJ7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10934472 t gcesareni "We find that mammalian lunatic fringe (lfng) inhibits jagged1-mediated signalling and potentiates delta1-mediated signalling through notch1." SIGNOR-80524 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser737 EPLERRLsLVPDSEQ 9606 19095655 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates CFTR¬†in vitro¬†at two essential serines (Ser737and Ser768) in the R domain, formerly identified as ""inhibitory"" PKA sites.|Interestingly two of these sites, namely Ser737 and Ser768, have been identified as “inhibitory” R domain sites, i.e. when mutated to alanines they augment the open probability of CFTR relative to wild type|Our present results suggest that it might be AMPK rather than PKA that is phosphorylating Ser737 and Ser768 under baseline conditions" SIGNOR-259858 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT NETO2 protein Q8NC67 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255166 MSX2 protein P35548 UNIPROT DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000947 9111364 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that dimerization by Msx and Dlx proteins is mediated through their homeodomains and that the residues required for this interaction correspond to those necessary for DNA binding. Unlike most other known examples of homeoprotein interactions, association of Msx and Dlx proteins does not promote cooperative DNA binding; instead, dimerization and DNA binding are mutually exclusive activities. Msx proteins act as transcriptional repressors and Dlx proteins act as activators, while in combination, Msx and Dlx proteins counteract each other's transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-240990 SRP54 protein P61011 UNIPROT SRPRA protein P08240 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 30649417 t miannu "The multi-domain SRP GTPase SRP54 recognizes the signal with its M domain and establishes the targeting complex consisting of its NG domain bound to the homologous NG domain of the SRP receptor SRα at a proximal ribosome binding site." SIGNOR-261163 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10882715 t gcesareni "Among other effectors, active ras binds and activates the raf kinase, iniziating a kinase cascade involving serine phosporylation of mek1/2 (mapkk) and tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of erk1/2. the raf family of proteins (raf-1, a-raf, and b-raf) is serine/threonine kinases that bind to the effector region of ras-gtp, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane. Once there, raf proteins are activated and phosphorylated by different protein kinases.. Association of ras with the mapk kinase kinase, raf, initiates the raf mek erk map kinase cascade." SIGNOR-78911 RFC4 protein P35249 UNIPROT "RF-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C375 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12930972 t lperfetto "RF‐C, a complex of five subunits, is conserved in all eukaryotes (reviewed in 5). In yeast, all subunits of RF‐C are essential for viability. The genes encoding all five subunits of mammalian RF‐C (145, 40, 38, 37 and 36 kDa) have been cloned" SIGNOR-265508 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr167 NKDYHLQtCCGSLAY 9606 16216881 t gcesareni "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk." SIGNOR-141022 tibolone chemical CHEBI:32223 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19464167 t Luana "In this study, we have assessed the potential hormonal profile of tibolone and its primary metabolites on all human steroid receptors (PR, AR, GR, MR, ERα and ERβ) using HeLa or PC3 cells stably transfected with a given receptor and a luciferase reporter gene. We show that tibolone and its ∆ 4 -isomer predominantly bind and activate PR and AR whereas 3α and 3β-OH-tibolone predominantly bind and activate ERα (Table 1)." SIGNOR-257823 COL4A1 protein P02462 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12778132 t "Type IV collagen is the most abundant Type IV collagen is the most abundant constituent of the BM…All of the type IV collagen in mammals is derived from six genetically distinct alpha-chain polypeptides (alpha1-alpha6)" SIGNOR-254665 NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85. It was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner.llysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-175228 NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT GPC6 protein Q9Y625 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 21871017 t miannu "NFAT transcriptionally regulates GPC6 induction in breast cancer cells and binds to three regulatory elements in the GPC6 proximal promoter. Expression of GPC6 in response to NFAT signalling promotes invasive migration, whereas GPC6 silencing with shRNA (small-hairpin RNA) potently blocks this phenotype." SIGNOR-264023 MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272354 "MLL/SET subcomplex" complex SIGNOR-C87 SIGNOR "MLL3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C446 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34156443 t miannu "MLL3/KMT2C and MLL4/KMT2D are two paralogous histone modifiers that belong to the SET1/MLL (also named COMPASS) family of lysine methyltransferases and play critical roles in enhancer-regulated gene activation. MLL3 and MLL4 form identical multi-protein complexes for modifying mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) at enhancers, which together with the p300/CBP-mediated H3K27 acetylation can generate an active enhancer landscape for long-range target gene activation." SIGNOR-268808 CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 9390557 t lperfetto "Activated caspase-9 in turn cleaves and activates caspase-3. Mutation of the active site of caspase-9 attenuated the activation of caspase-3 and cellular apoptotic response in vivo, indicating that caspase-9 is the most upstream member of the apoptotic protease cascade." SIGNOR-53582 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser594 HKAAVPAsEKLLLLK 9606 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129292 Phenelzine chemical CHEBI:8060 ChEBI MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18426226 t Luana "Phenylethylhydrazine stoichiometrically reduces the covalent FAD moieties of MAO A and of MAO B. Molecular oxygen is required for the inhibition reactions, and the level of O2 consumption for phenylethylhydrazine is 6-7-fold higher with either MAO A or MAO B than for the corresponding reactions with benzylhydrazine or phenylhydrazine." SIGNOR-257777 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18245089 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "In this study we show that the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2) interact directly with ciita, targeting serine residues in the amino terminus of the protein, including serine 288. These data suggest a model whereby erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation of ciita down-regulates ciita activity by priming it for nuclear export, thus providing a means for cells to tightly regulate the extent of antigen presentation." SIGNOR-270173 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1899 SPTYSPTsPVYTPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120056 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr265 RVIGRGSyAKVLLVR 9606 11713277 t llicata "Nerve growth factor stimulates multisite tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the atypical protein kinase c's via a src kinase pathway. tyrosine 256, 271, and 325 were identified as major sites phosphorylated by src in the catalytic domain." SIGNOR-111920 AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 14657015 t lperfetto "A-kinase-anchoring protein 250 (AKAP250; gravin) acts as a scaffold that binds protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C and protein phosphatases, associating reversibly with the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor." SIGNOR-271835 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 15241418 t gcesareni "We have mapped cdk4 and cdk2 phosphorylation sites to thr 8, thr 178 and ser 212 in smad3. taken together, these findings indicate that cdk phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity and antiproliferative function" SIGNOR-126732 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21084559 t lperfetto "Taz has been shown to interact with smad2 and smad3 through its coiled-coil region, and to be important in maintaining the nuclear localization of smad2 and smad3 as well as the expression of their target genes in response to tgf-b signaling and, thus, in the maintenance of human esc self-renewal." SIGNOR-232098 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 22169964 f miannu "17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. . In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. In the present study, by means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253473 ARID1A protein O14497 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270751 MMP15 protein P51511 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272383 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29161 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269518 ATG9A protein Q7Z3C6 UNIPROT YWHAE protein P62258 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25266655 t miannu "Our data suggest that the localization of mammalian Atg9A to autophagosomes requires phosphorylation on the C terminus of Atg9A at S761, which creates a 14-3-3ζ docking site. Under basal conditions, this phosphorylation is maintained at a low level and is dependent on both ULK1 and AMPK." SIGNOR-266368 GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257020 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT UBE2D3 protein P61077 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 21044962 f miannu "knockdown of SLUG in SLUG-high breast cancer cells elevated the levels of UbcH5c while decreasing the level of cyclin D1 protein. SLUG is recruited at the E2-box sequence at the UbcH5c gene promoter along with the corepressor CtBP1 and the effector HDAC1 to silence the expression of this gene." SIGNOR-255175 PPP1R15A protein O75807 UNIPROT PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 14718519 t lpetrilli "We found smad7 interacts with growth arrest and dna damage protein, gadd34, a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) holoenzyme, which subsequently recruits catalytic subunit of pp1 (pp1c) to dephosphorylate t?RI." SIGNOR-120734 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC3 protein P33778 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265385 gemcitabine chemical CHEBI:175901 ChEBI RRM2 protein P31350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 2233693 t miannu "Direct assays of partially purified ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) demonstrated 50% inhibition by 4 microM dFdC 5'-diphosphate; dFdC 5'-triphosphate was much less inhibitory. We conclude that dFdC 5'-diphosphate acts as an inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase." SIGNOR-258387 MTMR4 protein Q9NYA4 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20061380 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that myotubularin-related protein 4" SIGNOR-163034 HSBP1 protein O75506 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9649501 t Monia "HSBP1 is nuclear-localized and interacts in vivo with the active trimeric state of HSF1 that appears during heat shock. During attenuation of HSF1 to the inert monomer, HSBP1 associates with Hsp70. HSBP1 negatively affects HSF1 DNA-binding activity, and overexpression of HSBP1 in mammalian cells represses the transactivation activity of HSF1. HSF1 interacts with HSBP1 in vivo and is a nuclear localized protein." SIGNOR-261181 TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253859 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser301 SSSPNNLsPTGWSQP 9606 16407412 t lperfetto "Using mass spectrometry, we identified raf-1 phosphorylation on three sp motif sites: s289/s296/s301. These sites were phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)-1 in vitro, and their phosphorylation in vivo was dependent on endogenous erk activity. Functionally, erk-1 expression sustains raf-1 activation in a manner dependent on raf-1 phosphorylation on the identified sites, and s289/296/301a substitution markedly decreases the in vivo activity of raf-1 s259a." SIGNOR-244685 USP7 protein Q93009 UNIPROT RPS27A protein P62979 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270824 "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI PTGER1 protein P34995 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257569 7-[4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one chemical CID:56597938 PUBCHEM DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002181 22025698 t Luana "Through a robust diversity-oriented modification of the scaffold represented by aripiprazole (1), we discovered UNC9975 (2), UNC0006 (3), and UNC9994 (4) as unprecedented β-arrestin–biased D2R ligands. " SIGNOR-258320 PD173955 chemical CHEBI:49791 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258263 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated irs then acts as docking site to recruit and activate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k) which phosphorylates membrane phospholipids, generating phosphoinositide-3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) from phosphoinositide-4,5-biphosphate. (pip2)." SIGNOR-252722 PAXIP1 protein Q6ZW49 UNIPROT PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 10908331 t miannu "PTIP, a novel BRCT domain-containing protein interacts with Pax2 and is associated with active chromatin. The degree of interaction with the Pax2 C-terminal polypeptides correlates with their transcription transactivation potential and we have therefore designated this factor PTIP for Pax transactivation-domain interacting protein." SIGNOR-236965 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDKN1C protein P49918 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr310 GVGSVEQtPRKRLR 9606 BTO:0000150 23421998 t lperfetto "Cdk inhibitor p57 (kip2) is downregulated by akt during her2-mediated tumorigenicityakt phosphorylates p57 on ser 282 or thr310. Akt activity results in destabilization of p57 by accelerating turnover rate of p57 and enhancing p57 ubiquitination" SIGNOR-201046 Goserelin chemical CHEBI:5523 ChEBI GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001033 22416801 t miannu "The efficacy of degarelix compared with a GnRH agonist (goserelin, plus flare protection with bicalutamide) was evaluated in a 12‐week trial in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to prostate cancer." SIGNOR-259161 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr283 QGPSQTStPTDVTAI 9606 16331257 t lperfetto "We have previously shown that both basal and camp-induced degradation of cyclin d3 in reh cells is dependent on thr-283 phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk-3beta)." SIGNOR-142880 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr698 KSIQATLtPSAMKSS 9606 SIGNOR-C17 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3. All four sites are followed by a proline residue. We have shown that purified cyclin b-cdk1 (cyclindependent kinase 1) phosphorylates these sitesalanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase." SIGNOR-164499 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1721 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248754 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9534 BTO:0000298 12897128 t miannu "P21-Activated kinase 5 (Pak5) localizes to mitochondria and inhibits apoptosis by phosphorylating BAD. Pak5 phosphorylates BAD Ser-112" SIGNOR-250247 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257403 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT3 protein P56703 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242730 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 NPEDRSPsPEPIYNS 9606 16420481 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q15637-2" gcesareni "Sf1 is phosphorylated on serines 80 and 82 in vitro and in vivo. Kis can phosphorylate sf1f on serine 80 and 82 with a high efficiency that particularly relies on the anchoring of its uhm domain to sf1. Serine phosphorylation of a conserved ser80-pro81-ser82-pro83 motif rigidifies a long unstructured linker in the sf1 helix hairpin and slightly enhances rna binding." SIGNOR-143841 UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257051 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser477 PQFSYSAsGTA 9606 BTO:0000093 24670654 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of S477 and T479 at the Akt extreme carboxy terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A or mTORC2, under distinct physiological conditions, promotes Akt activation through facilitating, or functionally compensating for, S473 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252451 RPL39 protein P62891 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262490 HMGB2 protein P26583 UNIPROT POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002910 7720710 t 2 miannu "HMG2 and Oct2 interact via their HMG domains and POU homeodomains, respectively. This interaction is not restricted to Oct2, as other members of the octamer transcription factor family like Oct1 and Oct6 also interact with HMG2. The interaction with HMG2 results in a marked increase in the sequence-specific DNA binding activity of the Oct proteins" SIGNOR-240151 MED17 protein Q9NVC6 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266669 ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT KIF3A protein Q9Y496 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18497258 t gcesareni "Kif3a is essential for shh-mediated signaling in mammalian systems (5), and we identified kif3a as a arr1 binding partner in a proteomics screen (18). To test whether arrs, smo, and kif3a might work in concert." SIGNOR-178672 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT TRIO protein O75962 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr2796 KDNFDSFySEVAELG 9534 12551902 t lperfetto "A FAK phosphorylation site, tyrosine residue 2737, was identified in subdomain I of the Trio kinase domain. Additionally, in vitro phosphorylation assays and in vivo co-expression studies indicated that Trio enhances FAK kinase activity." SIGNOR-249188 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 DWVFINYtYKRFEGL 9606 12493777 t lperfetto "We found that ndr1 autophosphorylates in vitro predominantly on ser-281 and to a lesser extent on thr-74 and thr-444. All of these residues proved to be crucial also for ndr1 activity in vivo" SIGNOR-96683 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser174 DKENGSVsSSETPPP 9606 BTO:0001938 11861906 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis of maximally in vitro phosphorylated eIF5 localized the major phosphorylation sites at Ser-387 and Ser-388 near the C-terminus of eIF5. These serine residues are embedded within a cluster of acidic amino acid residues and account for nearly 90% of the total in vitro eIF5 phosphorylation. A minor phosphorylation site at Ser-174 was also observed. | The results suggest that phosphorylation of eIF5 may have a role in stimulating the rate of eIF5-promoted GTP hydrolysis." SIGNOR-251068 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 ELRKTQTsMSLGTTR 10090 24012422 t gianni "MLKL comprises a four-helical bundle tethered to the pseudokinase domain, which contains an unusual pseudoactive site. Although the pseudokinase domain binds ATP, it is catalytically inactive and its essential nonenzymatic role in necroptotic signaling is induced by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated phosphorylation.[...]S345, S347, and T349 in the MLKL activation loop were phosphorylated by RIPK3 in in vitro kinase assays" SIGNOR-266427 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser113 TELCRTFsESGRCRY -1 14688255 t miannu "We confirm phosphorylation of TTP by MK2 and identify specific phosphorylation sites at Ser52, Ser105, Ser58, Ser176, Ser178, and Ser316. If MK2 regulates translation in part by TTP phosphorylation, TTP should be a repressor of translation when dephosphorylated and an activator of (or neutral to) translation when phosphorylated." SIGNOR-250156 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DYNC1LI1 protein Q9Y6G9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser516 VSPTTPTsPTEGEAS 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262773 ZNF165 protein P49910 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 26567849 t Luana "ZNF165 drives the unrestrained activation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling by directly inactivating the expression of negative feedback pathway regulators, SMURF2, SMAD7 and PMEPA1." SIGNOR-266095 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser418 TEERLPSsPVYEDAA 9606 BTO:0000938 21079800 t gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-169686 SPRY2 protein O43597 UNIPROT CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12234920 f gcesareni "Hspry2 prevents c-cbl-mediated ubiquitylation of egfrs. hspry2 interacts specifically with the c-cbl ring finger domain and displaces ubch7 from its binding site on the e3 ligase." SIGNOR-92926 CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 16226035 f miannu "This observation suggests that Slit2 may require the Robo2 and Robo3 receptors in this process . Slit2 causes the miRNA miR-182 to release cofilin1 mRNA, potentiating cofilin1 local translation and resulting in growth cone collapse. The use of morpholinos or RNAi to knockdown robo2 and robo3 in X. laevis RGCs, would be useful to further confirm that Robo2 and Robo3 are the receptors involved in Slit2-dependent cofilin1 translation." SIGNOR-268382 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser530 DGPPSPRsPVIGSEV 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29590-4" gcesareni "We conclude that phosphorylation by map kinase cascades potentiates the antiproliferative functions of pml and helps mediate the proapoptotic effects of as(2)o(3)." SIGNOR-124056 PPP2R1A protein P30153 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16039140 t miannu "Pr65/a acts as a scaffold protein for binding pp2ac and regulatory b subunits in a heterotrimeric holoenzyme" SIGNOR-138886 ITGA8 protein P53708 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253181 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr659 VADERVDyVVVDQQK 10090 BTO:0000944 10978177 t "HGab-1 was phosphorylated by IR at eight tyrosine residues (Y242, Y285, Y373, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). t Gab-1 is the major binding partner of PI-3 kinase in 3T3L1 cells when stimulated with insulin" SIGNOR-251317 SUZ12 protein Q15022 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23836662 f miannu "We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254150 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr216 KLDSGGFyITSRTQF 9606 BTO:0000150 12753909 t lperfetto "This study establishes that her2/hrg signaling selectively upregulates tyr phosphorylation of c-src at tyr-215 located within the sh2 domain, increases c-src kinase activity" SIGNOR-236246 Nutlin-3 smallmolecule CID:216345 PUBCHEM TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17700533 t miannu "These results provide the first evidence that Nutlin-3 disrupts endogenous p73-HDM2 interaction and enhances the stability and proapoptotic activities of p73 and thus, provides a rationale for the use of Nutlin-3 in the large number of human tumors in which p53 is inactivated." SIGNOR-255472 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr500 WDGVTTKtFCGTPDY 10116 8749392 t "Specifically, the threonine at position 500 (T500) on the activation loop, and T641 and S660 on the carboxyl terminus of protein kinase C beta II are phosphorylated in vivo. T500 and S660 are selectively dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatase 2A to yield an enzyme that is still capable of lipid-dependent activation, whereas all three residues are dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 to yield an inactive enzyme." SIGNOR-248585 GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257040 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM31 protein Q9BZY9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270979 Adechlorin chemical CID:125913 PUBCHEM ADA protein P00813 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 2433905 t miannu "2'-Chloropentostatin is a new inhibitor of adenosine deaminase isolated from the fermentation broth of an unidentified actinomycete, ATCC 39365. It contains the aglycone of coformycin, i.e. 3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-o1, coupled to the unusual carbohydrate, 2'-chloro-2'-deoxyribose. 2'-Chloropentostatin is a slightly weaker inhibitor of rat and human adenosine deaminases than coformycin, and considerably weaker than pentostatin. Unlike pentostatin, which appears to undergo a two-stage interaction with adenosine deaminase, 2'-chloropentostatin forms a single enzyme-inhibitor complex. The enzyme-inhibitor complex between adenosine deaminase and 2'-chloropentostatin was much more rapidly dissociable than the complex with pentostatin." SIGNOR-259262 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 AHSIHQRsRKRLSQD 9606 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89264 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27477906 t lperfetto "Our quantitative ChIP experiments confirmed that ZMYND8 and JARID1D were co-localized at Slug, CD44, VEGFA, and EGFR genes (Figures 4F–4I). Our ChIP results also showed that ZMYND8 repressed and occupied other JARID1D target genes, such as the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP3, that we previously reported" SIGNOR-262038 "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18065414 f miannu "Our findings suggest that MTHFR is up-regulated by ER stress and that this effect is mediated by IRE1 and c-Jun." SIGNOR-253145 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0004136 26084673 t apalma "We have determined that Id1 physically interacts with AKT1, through its C-terminal region, and promotes AKT1 phosphorylation;" SIGNOR-255658 RNGTT protein O60942 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9512541 t lperfetto "The human mRNA 5'-capping enzyme cDNA was identified. Three highly related cDNAs, HCE1 (human mRNAcappingenzyme1), HCE1A and HCE1B , were isolated from a HeLa cDNA library. The HCE1 cDNA has the longest ORF, which can encode a 69 kDa protein. A short region of 69 bp in the 3'-half of the HCE1 ORF was missing in HCE1A and HCE1B , and, additionally, HCE1B has an early translation termi" SIGNOR-268357 bromocriptine chemical CHEBI:3181 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258723 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12589056 f gcesareni "The resulting accumulation of beta-catenin leads to its nuclear translocation and binding to tcf/lef transcription factors to induce target genes including cyclin d1." SIGNOR-98379 GAS6 protein Q14393 UNIPROT TYRO3 protein Q06418 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7867073 t gcesareni "We report the identification of ligands for tyro 3 (alternatively called sky, rse, brt, or tif) and axl (alternatively, ark or ufo), members of a previously orphan family of receptor-like tyrosine kinases. These ligands correspond to protein s, a protease regulator that is a potent anticoagulant, and gas6, a protein related to protein s but lacking any known function." SIGNOR-34414 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000527 15808505 t gcesareni "Here, we identify a protein_ phosphatase, ph domain leucine-rich repeat protein_ phosphatase_ (phlpp), that specifically_ dephosphorylates_ the hydrophobic motif of_ akt_ (ser473 in akt1), triggering_ apoptosis_ and suppressing_ tumor_ growth." SIGNOR-135005 DMPK protein Q09013 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr159 DNKLRRYtTFSKRKT 10090 12809504 t llicata "Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), a muscle- and neuron-restricted kinase, enhanced SRF-mediated promoter activity of the skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin genes in C2C12 myoblasts as well as in nonmyogenic cells. | Threonine 159 in the MADS box alphaI coil was a specific phosphorylation target in vitro as well as in vivo of both DMPK and protein kinase C-alpha. " SIGNOR-236982 ORC3 protein Q9UBD5 UNIPROT ORC complex SIGNOR-C419 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32808929 t lperfetto "The dynamic nature of the human origin recognition complex revealed through five cryoEM structures|Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. |The very first step of this initiation process is accomplished by DNA association with the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a six-subunit protein that forms a partial ring around origin DNA" SIGNOR-267565 P2RY13 protein Q9BPV8 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256749 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34283828 t miannu "In humans, GART [phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) / phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (EC 6.3.4.13) / phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1)] is a trifunctional protein which catalyzes the second, third, and fifth reactions of the ten step de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) pathway. The second step of DNPS is conversion of phosphoribosylamine (5-PRA) to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR)." SIGNOR-267299 PBRM1 protein Q86U86 UNIPROT RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15601824 f miannu "We found that baf180 deficiency leads to a decreased expression of select target genes, such as s100a13 and ra targets rar_2 and crabpii in heart tissues." SIGNOR-132378 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MVD protein P53602 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser96 LARKRRNsRDGDPLP 10090 25378391 t miannu "Akt modulated the pathway by phosphorylating mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD) at Ser96. These data suggest that Akt regulates Rac1 activity by directly phosphorylating MDD at Ser96, which augments Rac1 geranylgeranylation." SIGNOR-265891 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGC5 protein Q9Y5F6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265705 "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004093 25786978 f lperfetto "First, EPCs incorporated into the neovascular region recognize the TGFBIp secreted by cells in the environment via binding to integrins a4 and a5. Second, binding of TGFBIp to integrins in EPCs induces phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules in a pathway necessary for TGFBIp-mediated angiogenic activity of EPCs. In addition, binding of TGFBIp to integrins activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway that induces expression of DLL1 and JAG1 in EPCs." SIGNOR-253288 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser780 DSLDSRLsPPAGLFT 9606 BTO:0000975 10194762 t gcesareni "Serine 780 is the only substrate in full-length stat5a for active erk" SIGNOR-66247 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser185 WDSEDFGsPQKSCSP 9606 20864540 t lperfetto "Importantly, nlp is characterized as a novel substrate of aurora b and can be phosphorylated by aurora b. The specific phosphorylation sites are mapped at ser-185, ser-448, and ser-585. The phosphorylation at ser-448 and ser-585 is likely required for nlp association with aurora b and localization at midbody. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation at ser-185 is vital to nlp protein stability. Disruptions of these phosphorylation sites abolish cytokinesis and lead to chromosomal instability." SIGNOR-168045 NUDT3 protein O95989 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t miannu "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-81759 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 11021798 f fspada "Constitutive gata-2 and gata-3 expression suppressed adipocyte differentiation and trapped cells at the preadipocyte stage." SIGNOR-78830 GPR17 protein Q13304 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256971 E2F5 protein Q15329 UNIPROT CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 10783242 t miannu "Here we show that E2F-5 is phosphorylated by the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex, which functions in the late G1 phase, but not by the early-G1-phase-acting cyclin D-CDK complex. A phosphorylation site in the trans-activation domain of E2F-5 stimulates transcription and cell-cycle progression by the recruitment of the p300/CBP family of co-activators, whose binding to E2F-5 is stabilized upon phosphorylation by cyclin E-Cdk2. These results indicate that phosphorylation of E2F-5 at the CDK site at position 251 by cyclin E–Cdk2 augments transcription by enhancing the interaction of E2F-5 with p300/CBP co-activator proteins." SIGNOR-262733 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-270213 PCBD1 protein P61457 UNIPROT HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000482 24204001 t miannu "Overexpression in a human kidney cell line showed that wild-type PCBD1 binds HNF1B to costimulate the FXYD2 promoter, the activity of which is instrumental in Mg(2+) reabsorption in the DCT." SIGNOR-254910 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 18593906 t fspada "Pim1s expression induced the phosphorylation of foxo3a (fig. 5a and b) and inactivated its transcriptional activity (fig. 5c). A previous report showed that phosphorylation at t32, s253, and s315 residues in foxo3a induced 14-3-3 binding, nuclear export, and proteasomemediated degradation (42)." SIGNOR-259428 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr359 DTEFTSRtPKDSPGI 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219324 WDFY3 protein Q8IZQ1 UNIPROT GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24668264 t miannu "Here, we show that ALFY binds selectively to LC3C and the GABARAPs through a LIR in its WD40 domain. Binding of ALFY to GABARAP is indispensable for its recruitment to LC3B-positive structures and, thus, for the clearance of certain p62 structures by autophagy." SIGNOR-266796 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-199527 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1059 DIYKDPDyVRKGDAR 9606 18936167 t "These results therefore suggest that the autoactivation residues Y1054 and Y1059 are targeted by DEP-1 and that this results in the inhibition of kinase activity and the consequent general dephosphorylation of VEGFR2." SIGNOR-248710 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLPRPE 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252855 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR PPP1R3A protein Q16821 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 PQPSRRGsDSSEDIY -1 10648825 t lperfetto "The protein G(M), which targets protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to the glycogen particles and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of striated muscles, is known to be phosphorylated at Ser48 and Ser67 in vitro by adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and at Ser48 by MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPKAP-K1, also called p90 RSK). The phosphorylation of Ser48 increases the rate at which the glycogen-associated PP1.G(M) complex dephosphorylates (activates) glycogen synthase, but the phosphorylation of Ser67 has the opposite effect, suppressing the activity of PP1 toward glycogen-bound substrates." SIGNOR-252777 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser274 ASPQRSRsPSPQPSS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248520 FMR1 protein Q06787 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 32118033 t lperfetto "These results point toward a novel mechanism by which FUS targets neuronal mRNA and given that these PSD-95 and Shank1 3'-UTR G quadruplex structures are also targeted by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), they raise the possibility that FUS and FMRP might work together to regulate the translation of these neuronal mRNA targets." SIGNOR-262108 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-270023 CHMP5 protein Q9NZZ3 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265527 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257610 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser187 NSHPFPHsPNSSYPN 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161565 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser396 SSSSSSHsLSASDTG 9606 10455013 t lperfetto "3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1) expressed in unstimulated 293 cells was phosphorylated at ser-25, ser-241, ser-393, ser-396 and ser-410 and the level of phosphorylation of each site was unaffected by stimulation with insulin-like growth factor-1. Mutation of ser-241 to ala abolished pdk1 activity, whereas mutation of the other phosphorylation sites individually to ala did not affect pdk1 activity" SIGNOR-236764 PFKP protein Q01813 UNIPROT ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser34 WILGRKYsIFTEKDE 9606 BTO:0000007 33607258 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assay validated that PFKP functioning as a protein kinase phosphorylated ATG4B at S34. This phosphorylation could enhance ATG4B activity and p62 degradation. In addition, PFKP S386 phosphorylation was important to ATG4B S34 phosphorylation and autophagy in HEK293T cells." SIGNOR-275832 STK26 protein Q9P289 UNIPROT ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser383 RLERFFDsEDEDFEI 29232556 t lperfetto "ATG4B stimulates autophagy by promoting autophagosome formation through reversible modification of ATG8. We identify ATG4B as a substrate of mammalian sterile20-like kinase (STK) 26/MST4. MST4 phosphorylates ATG4B at serine residue 383, which stimulates ATG4B activity and increases autophagic flux." SIGNOR-275833 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser34 WILGRKYsIFTEKDE 9606 BTO:0000586 29165041 t lperfetto "In this study, we identified a novel phosphorylation site at Ser34 of ATG4B induced by AKT in HCC cells.| In brief, our results demonstrate for the first time that the phosphorylation of ATG4B at Ser34 participates in the metabolic reprogramming of HCC cells via repressing mitochondrial function, which possibly results from the Ser34 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial enrichment of ATG4B and the subsequent inhibition of F1Fo-ATP synthase activity." SIGNOR-275834 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ATG5 protein Q9H1Y0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr101 SALPWNItVHFKSFP 36528756 t lperfetto "Here, we identified USP13 as an essential deubiquitinase that stabilizes ATG5 in a process that depends on the PAK1 serine/threonine-protein kinase and which enhances autophagy and promotes IM resistance in GIST cells. |As PAK1-mediated phosphorylation at residue T101 protects ATG5 from ubiquitination-dependent degradation" SIGNOR-275835 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser34 WILGRKYsIFTEKDE 9606 BTO:0000586 29165041 t lperfetto "In this study, we identified a novel phosphorylation site at Ser34 of ATG4B induced by AKT in HCC cells.| In brief, our results demonstrate for the first time that the phosphorylation of ATG4B at Ser34 participates in the metabolic reprogramming of HCC cells via repressing mitochondrial function, which possibly results from the Ser34 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial enrichment of ATG4B and the subsequent inhibition of F1Fo-ATP synthase activity." SIGNOR-275836 GTF3C4 protein Q9UKN8 UNIPROT TFIIIC complex SIGNOR-C392 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29378333 t lperfetto "Both yeast and human TFIIIC consist of six polypeptides organized into two globular domains" SIGNOR-266185 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 t gcesareni "The wnt/ca2+ signaling pathway is defined by the activation of plc (phospholipase c) through wnt/fzd resulting in an increase in intracellular ca2+ levels, which activate pkcs (protein kinase c) and camkii (calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase ii) or cn (calcineurin), a phosphatase that activates the transcription factor nfat (nuclear factor of activated t cell)." SIGNOR-198822 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser314 SREQSTDsGLGLGCY 9606 24715453 t lperfetto "LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved serine in this region (Ser311 in human TAZ; Ser397 in human YAP) primes for further phosphorylation by CK1_/_ kinases (Ser314 on human TAZ; Ser400/403 in human YAP)" SIGNOR-234438 ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000586 29165041 f lperfetto "In this study, we identified a novel phosphorylation site at Ser34 of ATG4B induced by AKT in HCC cells.| In brief, our results demonstrate for the first time that the phosphorylation of ATG4B at Ser34 participates in the metabolic reprogramming of HCC cells via repressing mitochondrial function, which possibly results from the Ser34 phosphorylation-induced mitochondrial enrichment of ATG4B and the subsequent inhibition of F1Fo-ATP synthase activity." SIGNOR-275837 USP13 protein Q92995 UNIPROT ATG5 protein Q9H1Y0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 36528756 t lperfetto "Here, we identified USP13 as an essential deubiquitinase that stabilizes ATG5 in a process that depends on the PAK1 serine/threonine-protein kinase and which enhances autophagy and promotes IM resistance in GIST cells." SIGNOR-275838 METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT USP13 protein Q92995 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 36528756 t lperfetto "Furthermore, N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) mediated stabilization of USP13 mRNA that required the m6A reader IGF2BP2." SIGNOR-275839 TLK1 protein Q9UKI8 UNIPROT NEK1 protein Q96PY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr141 IFLTKDGtVQLGDFG 28426283 t lperfetto "TLK1 phosphorylated NEK1 at T141, which lies in the kinase domain, and caused an increase in its activity. " SIGNOR-275840 NEK1 protein Q96PY6 UNIPROT ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 28426283 t lperfetto "It was reported that NEK1 associates with ATR/ATRIP and primes it for activation in response to a variety of genotoxic agents" SIGNOR-275841 NEK1 protein Q96PY6 UNIPROT ATRIP protein Q8WXE1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 28426283 t lperfetto "It was reported that NEK1 associates with ATR/ATRIP and primes it for activation in response to a variety of genotoxic agents" SIGNOR-275842 hydroxyurea chemical CHEBI:44423 ChEBI RRM2 protein P31350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 14583450 t miannu "In PC3 cells, hydroxyurea inhibited hRRM2 and resulted in increased sensitivity to UV irradiation." SIGNOR-259355 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT AMOT protein Q4VCS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser175 QGHVRSLsERLMQMS 24101513 t lperfetto "Here low serum and high LATS1 activity are found to enhance the levels of the 130-kDa isoform of angiomotin (Amot130) through phosphorylation by LATS1/2 at serine 175, which then forms a binding site for 14-3-3. Such phosphorylation, in turn, enables the ubiquitin ligase atrophin-1 interacting protein (AIP)4 to bind, ubiquitinate, and stabilize Amot130" SIGNOR-275843 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT CGAS protein Q8N884 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr215 LLNTGSYyEHVKISA 30356214 t lperfetto "DNA damage induces nuclear translocation of cGAS in a manner that is dependent on importin-α, and the phosphorylation of cGAS at tyrosine 215-mediated by B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase-facilitates the cytosolic retention of cGAS." SIGNOR-275844 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT PSMC4 protein P43686 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr25 LSVSRPQtGLSFLGP 26655835 t lperfetto "Through a kinome-wide screen, we have identified dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) as the primary kinase that phosphorylates Rpt3-Thr25, leading to enhanced substrate translocation and degradation." SIGNOR-275845 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT CCDC102B protein Q68D86 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 30404835 t lperfetto "CCDC102B is recruited to the centrosome by C-Nap1 (also known as CEP250) and interacts with the centrosome linker components rootletin and LRRC45. CCDC102B decorates and facilitates the formation of rootletin filaments. Furthermore, CCDC102B is phosphorylated by Nek2A (an isoform encoded by NEK2) and is disassociated from the centrosome at the onset of mitosis." SIGNOR-275626 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1717 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248811 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 19576176 t lperfetto "Here we show that full-length Lrrk2 or fragments containing its kinase domain have a significant capacity to phosphorylate recombinant alpha synuclein (Asyn) at serine 129. Such phosphorylated Asyn is the major component of pathological deposits in PD." SIGNOR-249690 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser738 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 9606 10197446 t llicata "These results provide direct evidence that pkd becomes activated in vivo as a consequence of pkc-mediated phosphorylation of serines 744 and 748." SIGNOR-66730 TGFB3 protein P10600 UNIPROT TGFB3 protein P10600 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885528 t gcesareni "The active form of tgf-b is a dimer stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and usually further strengthened by an intersubunit disulfide bridge" SIGNOR-148611 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT AMOT protein Q4VCS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser175 QGHVRSLsERLMQMS 24101513 t lperfetto "Here low serum and high LATS1 activity are found to enhance the levels of the 130-kDa isoform of angiomotin (Amot130) through phosphorylation by LATS1/2 at serine 175, which then forms a binding site for 14-3-3. Such phosphorylation, in turn, enables the ubiquitin ligase atrophin-1 interacting protein (AIP)4 to bind, ubiquitinate, and stabilize Amot130" SIGNOR-275846 WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT AMOT protein Q4VCS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" ubiquitination 24101513 t lperfetto "Here low serum and high LATS1 activity are found to enhance the levels of the 130-kDa isoform of angiomotin (Amot130) through phosphorylation by LATS1/2 at serine 175, which then forms a binding site for 14-3-3. Such phosphorylation, in turn, enables the ubiquitin ligase atrophin-1 interacting protein (AIP)4 to bind, ubiquitinate, and stabilize Amot130" SIGNOR-275847 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT CCL3 protein P10147 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 12771199 t lperfetto "We show that RUNX1 can specifically bind to both RUNX sites but that only the proximal RUNX site is essential for PMA/ PHA stimulation of the MIP-1a promoter in Jurkat T-cells. We also show that the endogenous MIP-1a promoter is constitutively bound by RUNX1." SIGNOR-251738 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT VCL protein P18206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr100 QMLQSDPySVPARDY 9534 15229287 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of vinculin on tyrosine residues 100 and 1065, mediated by SRC kinases, affects cell spreadingWhen phosphorylated, the vinculin tail exhibited significantly less binding to the vinculin head domain than the unphosphorylated tail." SIGNOR-247424 CNTRL protein Q7Z7A1 UNIPROT CEP290 protein O15078 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18694559 t miannu "CEP290 cooperates with Rab8a to promote ciliogenesis and this function is antagonized by CP110. CP110 in this complex is to keep CEP290 inactive in growing cells until cells are ready to undergo ciliogenesis as they transit into the quiescent state" SIGNOR-252149 (2S)-N1-[5-(2-tert-butyl-4-thiazolyl)-4-methyl-2-thiazolyl]pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91449 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-204490 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257672 SETD5 protein Q9C0A6 UNIPROT Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32299058 f "The Autism-Related Protein SETD5 Controls Neural Cell Proliferation through Epigenetic Regulation of rDNA Expression" SIGNOR-268627 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT H1-4 protein P10412 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser27 VKKKARKsAGAAKRK 9606 BTO:0000093 21511733 t miannu "we showed previously that phosphorylation of S27 in human histone H1.4 (H1.4S27-P), prevents binding of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family members (officially known as chromobox protein homologs) to the neighboring dimethylated K26. Here, we present the first functional characterization of H1.4S27-P in vivo and in vitro. We show that H1.4S27 phosphorylation is cell-cycle-regulated and its levels peak on metaphase chromosomes. We identify further Aurora B as the kinase phosphorylating H1.4S27." SIGNOR-262658 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10116 17023420 t "These agents also enhanced phosphorylation of alpha-Ser(485/491) by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. AMPK alpha-Ser(485/491) phosphorylation was necessary but not sufficient for inhibition of AMPK activity in response to forskolin/isobutylmethylxanthine." SIGNOR-256111 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT RAP1GAP protein P47736 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 25329897 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrated that rap1gap is ubiquitinated and degraded through proteasome pathway in mitosis. Proteolysis of rap1gap requires the plk1 kinase and _-trcp ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-203548 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF208 protein Q9H0X6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271013 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT FKBP3 protein Q00688 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272694 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR KIFC1 protein Q9BW19 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 24510915 t miannu "Biochemical studies on the kinesins confirmed KIFC1, KIF18A, KIF2C, and KIF4A as APC/C substrates. Furthermore, we showed that the APC/CCDH1-dependent degradation of KIFC1 regulates the bipolar spindle formation and proper cell division. Our in vitro degradation assays showed a time-dependent degradation for four of the five potential substrates tested: KIF18A, KIF2C, KIFC1 and KIF4A were readily degraded in vitro, however remained stable in the presence of either APC/C inhibitor (Fig​(Fig4A4A and Supplementary Fig S3A)." SIGNOR-266109 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR3B protein O95264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264290 FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t areggio "Upon ligand binding, DVL proteins are recruited to Frizzled receptors at the plasma membrane and co-recruit cytoplasmic transducers, such as Axin, CK1 and GSK3 binding protein (GBP), presumably along with their partners, to promote ?-catenin-dependent signalling. " SIGNOR-258960 RAB14 protein P61106 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "The Rab proteins primarily localized to the EE include Rab5 and Rab4, which regulate distinct early endocytic events. In addition to these two Rab proteins, some of the other less well-characterized Rabs at the EE include Rab10 , Rab14 , Rab21 and Rab22" SIGNOR-260619 PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 21746878 t miannu "We show that the Pbx1 and Meis2 homeodomain proteins interact with Klf4 and can be recruited to DNA elements comprising a Klf4 site or G C box, with adjacent Meis and Pbx sites. Meis2d and Pbx1a activate expression of p15(Ink4a) and E-cadherin, dependent on the Meis2d transcriptional activation domain. We suggest a model in which genes with Klf4 sites can be cooperatively activated by Meis2/Pbx1 and Klf4, dependent primarily on recruitment by Klf4." SIGNOR-267239 telmisartan chemical CHEBI:9434 ChEBI AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9878991 t miannu "Telmisartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist which selectively and insurmountably inhibits the angiotensin II AT1 receptor subtype without affecting other receptor systems involved in cardiovascular regulation." SIGNOR-259072 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT SMAD7/HDAC1/E2F-1 complex SIGNOR-C12 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23213415 t gcesareni "Furthermore, smad7 caused hdac-1 bind to e2f-1 to form a ternary complex on chromosomal dna containing an e2f-binding motif and leading to repression in the activity of the e2f target genes" SIGNOR-199955 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr641 MGKDGRGyVPATIKM 9606 22000020 t gcesareni "We now show that stat6 is required for innate immune signaling in response to virus infection. Viruses or cytoplasmic nucleic acids trigger sting (also named mita/eris) to recruit stat6 to the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to stat6 phosphorylation on ser(407) by tbk1 and tyr(641), independent of jaks. Phosphorylated stat6 then dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus to induce specific target genes responsible for immune cell homing." SIGNOR-176775 dothiepin chemical CHEBI:36798 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258697 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 20955178 t miannu "P300 increases the acetylation and protein stability of XBP1s, and enhances its transcriptional activity, whereas SIRT1 deacetylates XBP1s and inhibits its transcriptional activity.. The mRNA encoding the active spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s) is generated from the unspliced form by IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1) during the UPR." SIGNOR-260429 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Translational_elongation phenotype SIGNOR-PH210 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23699257 f lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269394 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SIGLEC10 protein Q96LC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr667 ESQEELHyATLNFPG 9606 11733002 t lperfetto "These results suggest that the tyrosines at positions 597 and 667, contained within itim-like motifs, are likely targets of phosphorylation by several classes of signaling molecules, including lck, jak3, and emt. The tyrosine located at position y691 was also contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by lck and jak3 kinases. Phosphorylation of the tyrosine located at position 667 in an itim motif appears to be necessary for the recruitment of shp-1 and partial recruitment of shp-2" SIGNOR-112495 "Neurokinin A" smallmolecule CHEBI:80311 ChEBI TACR2 protein P21452 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257587 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "In particular, p38 mapk activity stimulates the physical association between ppa2 and mkk1/2- erk1/2 complex, leading to mkk1/2 dephosphorilation by pp2a . p38 mapks activity stimulates the physical association between pp2a and erk complex, leading to mkk1/2 dephosphorylation by pp2a." SIGNOR-166655 DISC1 protein Q9NRI5 UNIPROT KIF5B protein P33176 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 17202468 t miannu "We identified Kinesin-1, a microtubule-dependent and plus-end directed motor, as a DISC1-interacting molecule. Our results show that DISC1 links Kinesin-1 to the NUDEL/LIS1/14-3-3ε complex, serves as the cargo receptor, and regulates the transport of the complex to axons, leading to axon elongation. DISC1 directly interacted with kinesin heavy chain of Kinesin-1. Kinesin-1 interacted with the NUDEL/LIS1/14-3-3ε complex through DISC1" SIGNOR-252161 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270408 "Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C473 SIGNOR Phe-tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29153 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270442 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr182 TDDEMTGyVATRWYR 9534 8622669 t lperfetto "These data indicate that mkk6 phosphorylates p38 map kinase on thr-180 and tyr-182, the sites of phosphorylation that activate p38 map kinase" SIGNOR-40427 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser397 SMVGGERsPPRILPP 9606 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-216912 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f irozzo "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions. We found that MLL-BP and the 3 MLL fusion proteins all decreased RUNX1 levels, and MLL-eleven nineteen leukemia (ENL) caused a greater decrease in RUNX1 compared with MLL-AF9 and MLL-AF4 fusion proteins." SIGNOR-255851 cyproheptadine chemical CHEBI:4046 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7925364 t miannu "The human H1-receptor cDNA was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) via an eukaryotic expression vector; the receptor protein present on cell membranes specifically bound [3H]mepyramine with a Kd of 3.7 nM. The binding was displaced by H1-histamine-receptor antagonists and histamine. Affinity of histamine and selected histamine antagonists for human H, receptors expressed in CHO cells (CHO H,-30) and a comparison with HI receptors found in guinea pig cerebellum." SIGNOR-258869 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM64C protein A6NLI5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271272 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT NEFM protein P07197 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268917 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12049732 t miannu "ERK1/2 MAP kinases are important regulators in cellular signaling, whose activity is normally reversibly regulated by threonine-tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, we have found that stress-induced ERK1/2 activity is downregulated by ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of ERK1/2. The PHD domain of MEKK1, a RING finger-like structure, exhibited E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward ERK2 in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, MEKK1 functions not only as an upstream activator of the ERK and JNK through its kinase domain, but also as an E3 ligase through its PHD domain, providing a negative regulatory mechanism for decreasing ERK1/2 activity." SIGNOR-272609 MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asn360 DFVDIPEnFFGVGGE 9606 BTO:0000206 9202061 t lperfetto "Aggrecan Degradation in Human Cartilage Evidence for both Matrix Metalloproteinase and Aggrecanase Activity in Normal, Osteoarthritic, and Rheumatoid Joints|Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), as well as other MMPs, cleave aggrecan in the interglobular domain between Asn341 and Phe342 to generate a G1 fragment with the COOH terminus VDIPEN341 (11–13). This fragment has been isolated and identified by NH2-terminal sequence analysis from human OA cartilage (11). A second proteolytic activity identified as “aggrecanase” also cleaves aggrecan in the interglobular domain, but between Glu373 and Ala374 (19–24), generating a G1 fragment with a COOH terminus of NITEGE374" SIGNOR-266986 FREM1 protein Q5H8C1 UNIPROT NPNT protein Q6UXI9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22613833 t lperfetto "The loss of QBRICK significantly diminished the expression of nephronectin, an integrin α8β1 ligand necessary for renal development. In vivo, nephronectin associated with QBRICK and localized at the sublamina densa region, where QBRICK was also located. Collectively, these findings indicate that QBRICK facilitates the integrin α8β1-dependent interactions of cells with basement membranes by regulating the basement membrane assembly of nephronectin and explain why renal defects occur in Fraser syndrome." SIGNOR-253308 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr339 SDTATNStLPSAEVE -1 7836371 t "Phosphorylation of the FPR carboxyl terminus by GRK2 is the result of a high affinity interaction and proceeds in a hierarchical manner. sequential mechanism of phosphorylation beginning with residues 328 and/or 329, followed by residues 331 and/or 332, and finally residues 334 through 339. Attenuation of receptor-mediated signal amplification in response to external stimuli, an essential step in the balance of cellular activation, may be mediated by receptor phosphorylation." SIGNOR-251452 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr709 PKRLGAHtP 9606 14697653 t lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-120463 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25721664 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxo3 targets Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we show that another F-box protein Fbxo3, belonging to the FBXO type protein family, also interacts with and targets Smurf1 for poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The SCF complex is composed of F-box protein, Skp1, Cullin1 (Cul1) and ROC1. Fbxo3, whose substrates are few, forms SCF Fbxo3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates the degradations of Fbxl2, p62, HIPK2 and p300 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272446 EREG protein O14944 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 9419975 t "Epiregulin may be a mediator of localized cell proliferation" gcesareni "Chemical cross-linking experiments showed that [125i]epiregulin directly bound to each of egfr and erbb-4 but not to erbb-2 and erbb-3. remarkably, three members of the epidermal growth factor (egf) family (ereg, areg, and epgn) showed increased expression that was associated with elevated epidermal activation of the egf receptor (egfr) and stat3, a downstream effector of egfr signaling." SIGNOR-54351 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 9753670 f gcesareni "Differential activation of Myf5 and MyoD by different Wnts in explants of mouse paraxial mesoderm and the later activation of myogenesis in the absence of Myf5" SIGNOR-60285 ACTL6B protein O94805 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270740 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0001130 18838960 f lperfetto "Overexpression of fatty acid synthase is associated with palmitoylation of Wnt1 and cytoplasmic stabilization of beta-catenin in prostate cancer" SIGNOR-242878 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser431 ENVYTPKsAVKNEEY 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-141010 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12913000 t "Taken together, these results indicate that transcription factor YY1 may modulate Notch signaling via association with the high molecular weight Notch complex [..] both YY1 and N1IC were present in a large complex of the nucleus to suppress the luciferase reporter activity transactivated by Notch signaling." SIGNOR-254305 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT SH3GL2 protein Q99962 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 LSMINTMsKIRGQEK 9606 22998870 t gcesareni "We show that lrrk2 affects synaptic endocytosis by phosphorylating endophilin-a1 at s75." SIGNOR-192072 B4GALT1 protein P15291 UNIPROT UDP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58223 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16157350 t miannu "Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (beta4Gal-T1) transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins." SIGNOR-268470 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser22 QASSTPLsPTRITRL 9606 18815303 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by mitotic cdc2 kinase at ser-22, ser-390, and ser-392 residues on lamin a/c, or by protein kinase c (pkc) during apoptosis, leads to the depolymerization of lamin (disassembly of the nuclear lamina), which may lead to their release from the inm" SIGNOR-181310 ADNP protein Q9H2P0 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 24365867 f miannu "Here, we show for the first time that hippocampal ADNP deficiency paralleled reduced beclin1 expression which, in turn, parallels increased tauopathy and cell death. We now show that ADNP directly interacts with LC3B, implicating the requirement of a healthy ADNP system for the apoptotic/autophagy processes." SIGNOR-266760 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser434 LTLASERsSPQRKSQ -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). From these data we conclude that T373 is the predominant site of phosphorylation, with a low level of phosphorylation at S413 and/or S414.An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262748 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT IFITM5 protein A6NNB3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23530031 f miannu "Regulation of the bone-restricted IFITM-like (Bril) gene transcription by Sp and Gli family members and CpG methylation. Bril transcription is activated by Sp1, Sp3, OSX, and GLI2 and by CpG demethylation." SIGNOR-254217 CDR2 protein Q01850 UNIPROT CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20383333 f lperfetto "Additionally, cdr2 knockdown lead to a decrease (Table 3) in four other transcripts (AURKA, CENPE, SPC25 and TTK), which are involved in kinetochore and spindle biology" SIGNOR-252020 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 15994958 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-138475 ARHGAP23 protein Q9P227 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260479 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C85 20957627 t lperfetto "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common(co-Smad; Smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-168734 3,5-dichloro-N-[[(2S)-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamide chemical CHEBI:92070 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258856 HRH3 protein Q9Y5N1 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256968 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PCBP1 protein Q15365 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser43 VKRIREEsGARINIS 10090 BTO:0004183 20154680 t miannu "We show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP E1) binds a structural, 33-nucleotide TGF-beta-activated translation (BAT) element in the 3' untranslated region of disabled-2 (Dab2) and interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) transcripts, and represses their translation.TGF-beta activation leads to phosphorylation at Ser 43 of hnRNP E1 by protein kinase Bbeta/Akt2, inducing its release from the BAT element and translational activation of Dab2 and ILEI messenger RNAs." SIGNOR-262625 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 17535812 t lperfetto "The activation of several major anti-apoptotic signaling pathways correlates with an increase in the phosphorylation of bad on ser-112, ser-136, and ser-155. These phosphorylation events result in bad inactivation through sequestration by 14-3-3 proteins" SIGNOR-155293 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 24252238 t miannu "Src homology-2 (SH2) containing tyrosine phosphatase and CD45 tyrosine phosphatase play a major role in modulating JAK-STAT pathway. SH2 containing tyrosine phosphatases include SHP1 and SHP2 (shatterproof 1 & 2). Their SH2 domains allow attachment to the phospho-tyrosine residues present on activated receptors, JAKs or STAT proteins, leading to dephosphorylation of the substrates." SIGNOR-255679 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254937 ASB8 protein Q9H765 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31009856 t lperfetto "In turn, ASB8 facilitated K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of IKKbeta via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, resulting in remarkable inhibition of I-kappa-B-alpha (IkappaBalpha) and of p65 phosphorylation, consequently suppressing NF-kappaB activity." SIGNOR-272253 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr725 AGGGSATyMDQAPSP 9606 11751923 t llicata "Novel activation of stat5b in response to epidermal growth factor. novel activation of stat5b in response to epidermal growth factor." SIGNOR-113393 PTHLH protein P12272 UNIPROT PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8683730 t lperfetto "Prostate-specific antigen was found to specifically cleave PTHrP 1-141 in a time- and dose-dependent manner.|The preferred PSA cleavage site of PTHrP 1-141 was determined to be at the carboxyl-terminus of phenylalanine 23, consistent with chymotryptic-like enzymatic activity of PSA. Cleavage of PTHrP by PSA completely abolished the ability of PTHrP to stimulate cAMP production." SIGNOR-270549 PHB protein P35232 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 16964284 f lperfetto "We now present evidence that PHB, which has 54% homology at the protein level to the oestrogen receptor corepressor REA (repressor of oestrogen receptor activity), can repress androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription and androgen-dependent cell growth." SIGNOR-268977 GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30825796 f miannu "In the mammalian brain the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission is carried out by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors located within the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses" SIGNOR-264612 IL22RA1 protein Q8N6P7 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12087100 f gcesareni "Il-22 also induced serine phosphorylation of stat3 on ser(727)." SIGNOR-90162 GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14701738 t miannu "Two functions for Gem have been demonstrated, including inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel activity and inhibition of Rho kinase-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization, such as stress fiber formation and neurite retraction. These functions for Gem have been ascribed to its interaction with the calcium channel Β subunit and Rho kinase Β, respectively." SIGNOR-261711 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 11108261 t lperfetto "Studies using mutants of er-alpha demonstrated that akt increased estrogen receptor activity through the amino-terminal activation function-1 (af-1). Serines s104 s106, s118, and s167 appear to play a role in the activation of er-alpha by akt." SIGNOR-244255 FBXW8 protein Q8N3Y1 UNIPROT "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 23142081 t miannu "Defective IRS-1 degradation was due to attenuated expression and phosphorylation of the ubiquitin ligase substrate-targeting subunit, Fbw8. mTORC2 stabilizes Fbw8 by phosphorylation at Ser86, allowing the insulin-induced translocation of Fbw8 to the cytosol where it mediates IRS-1 degradation.  We provide evidence that mTORC2 can stabilize Fbw8, the substrate-targeting subunit of the CUL7 E3 ligase complex that has been shown to mediate degradation of IRS-1 ." SIGNOR-271942 RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205627 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 11085989 f miannu "We show here that leptin can activate ERK signaling in thehypothalamus and that this stimulation is likely to occur viatwo pathways, both involving SHP-2.We have shown above that SHP-2 is a positive mediator of ERK activation by ObRb and that this requires both the phosphatase activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2. Furthermore,Tyr-985 is required for maximal ERK phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263500 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23836662 f miannu "We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254146 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT THOC5 protein Q13769 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser6 sKKRKPKV 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 15221008 t llicata "We conclude m-csf-mediated activation of pkcalpha can potentiate fmip action to initiate survival/differentiation signaling." SIGNOR-126572 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF175 protein Q8N4F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271196 GRP protein P07492 UNIPROT GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Indeed, many potent mitogens such as thrombin, lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), gastrin-releasing peptide (grp), endothelin and prostaglandins stimulate cell proliferation by acting on their cognate gpcrs in various cell types." SIGNOR-152676 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 BTO:0000093 10581258 t lperfetto "P38 regulates p53, but also in p53-defective tumor cells rewire their checkpoint response and become dependent in the p38/mk2 pathway in mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-72699 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257127 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1941 SPKGSTYsPTSPGYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273084 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser255 HATSGALsPAKDCGS 9606 BTO:0000567 9535909 t lperfetto "These studies confirm that connexin-43 is a MAP kinase substrate in vivo and that phosphorylation on Ser255, Ser279, and/or Ser282 initiates the down-regulation of gap junctional communication. Studies with connexin-43 mutants suggest that MAP kinase phosphorylation at one or more of the tandem Ser279/Ser282 sites is sufficient to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249401 SGK2 protein Q9HBY8 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-249130 TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT CDH13 protein P55290 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24463367 f lperfetto "While Top2a is essential in proliferating cells and has been linked to DNA replication and chromosome condensation/segregation, Top2b has been clearly indicated in regulating gene expression (e.g. Reln, Dab1, Catna2, Cdh13, Sst, Pbx3, and Epha7) during brain development" SIGNOR-242302 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18177723 f lperfetto "Interestingly, since IL-6 production by nerve-mediated skeletal muscle contraction has recently been shown to be partly dependent on the activation of the calcineurin pathway |The fact that IL-6 is produced not only by proliferating satellite cells but also by growing myofibers during hypertrophy" SIGNOR-251734 "MLL/SET subcomplex" complex SIGNOR-C87 SIGNOR "MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C89 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24680668 t miannu "The mixed lineage leukemia-1 (mll1) enzyme is a histone h3 lysine 4 (h3k4) monomethyltransferase and has served as a paradigm for understanding the mechanism of action of the human set1 family of enzymes that include mll1_Mll4 and setd1a,b. Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal core complex that is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-204819 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1878 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTT 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273085 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257119 HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 16207715 t miannu "Plag1 and plagl2 are also regulated by acetylation. They are acetylated and activated by p300 and deacetylated and repressed by hdac7." SIGNOR-140950 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM38 protein O00635 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271141 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM3A protein Q9Y4C1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271568 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Phe59 GVTVETVfSVDEFSA -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263585 PARD6A protein Q9NPB6 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23151663 f gcesareni "In pcp , dvl binds to proteins such as pkc, atypical pkc (apkc), dvl?associated Activator of morphogenesis 1 (daam1), dvl-associating protein with a high frequency of leu residues (daple) and partitioning defective 6 (par6), which are important for the regulation of small gtpases such as rho and rac and, consequently, the cytoskeleton and cell polarity58." SIGNOR-199530 ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "Food intake" phenotype SIGNOR-PH152 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0003336 25343030 f miannu "Leptin exerts an inhibitory effect on AMPK in the hypothalamus, thereby stimulating ACC and subsequently suppressing food intake." SIGNOR-263509 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser146 PALEVSDsESDEALV 9606 BTO:0000567 10618498 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the Spi-B transcription factor reduces its intrinsic stability. | Serine residues 37 in the transactivation domain and 129, 144 and 146 in the PEST domain of Spi-B are phosphorylated by CKII in vitro | The CKII phosphorylation sites mapped in vitro are phosphorylated in vivo" SIGNOR-251041 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT ANKRD28 protein O15084 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1011 TNTSKTVsFEALPIM -1 17023142 t lperfetto "We provide evidence for a dual kinase-mediated regulation of the PITK holoenzyme whereby PITK phosphorylation at S1017 is catalyzed by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II-delta (CaMKIIdelta), promoting the subsequent phosphorylation of S1013 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in vitro.|the phosphorylation of PITK at these specific residues altered PP1 binding and subsequent PITK-directed dephosphorylation of hnRNP K" SIGNOR-264793 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser727 TIPSPVTsPVLSRRH -1 11328814 t miannu "Here we incubated a recombinant preparation of the phospholipase in vitro with several enzymes including protein kinase CK2 (CK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to identify effects that might be of regulatory importance in vivo.Major findings were that 1) CK2 phosphorylated the phospholipase on serines 93, 105, and 716; 2) ERK2 phosphorylated the enzyme on serine 730; 3) there was cross-antagonism between the reactions that phosphorylated serines 716 and 730; 4) PP2A selectively hydrolyzed phosphate groups that were esterified to serines 716 and 730. The results of two independent experiments with each type of assay indicated that the incubation caused a 50% loss of phospholipase activity (TableV). These results differed from those of corresponding incubation experiments with PA-PLA1α plus ERK2 and MgATP (see “Experimental Procedures”), which provided no evidence for complex formation or phosphorylation-dependent loss of phospholipase activity" SIGNOR-262976 EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr59 GETRFTDtRKDEQER 9606 2261989 t gcesareni "Ef-2 kinase phosphorylates ef-2 at 3 threonine residues: thr-53, thr-56, thr-58. Phosphorylation of thr56 and thr58 was found to be an ordered process, modification of thr56 preceding, and apparently being required for, phosphorylation of thr58." SIGNOR-22928 DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT MYO1C protein O00159 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17257598 t miannu "Dynamin bind directly to the sh3 domain of myo1e / an intriguing possibility is that binding of dynamin and synaptojanin to myo1e tail may activate motor activity since it has been demonstrated that myo1e atpase activity is autoinhibited by its sh3 domain" SIGNOR-152910 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257523 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR WNK4 protein Q96J92 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272123 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr505 FTATEGQyQPQP 9606 BTO:0000782 1639064 t gcesareni "P50csk tyrosine kinase phosphorylates p56lck at tyr-505 and down regulates its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-20371 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 RFIGSPRtPVSPVKF 9606 15774499 t gcesareni "The principal target of rapamycin-induced p70s6k inactivation is a novel phosphorylation site within a conserved hydrophobic domain." SIGNOR-134658 PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23000145 t scontino "Upon stimulation with various immune receptors, PLCγ2 cleaves the membrane-bound phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-biphosphate (PIP2) into the second messenger molecules inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." SIGNOR-268453 EHMT2 protein Q96KQ7 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19822740 f "Regulation of transcription" miannu "G9a activation of the βmaj globin gene was shown to be independent of G9a MT activity." SIGNOR-251788 KLHL9 protein Q9P2J3 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000527 25303533 t miannu "KLHL9 mediates poly-ubiquitylation of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ isoforms. We confirmed KLHL9 deletions in an independent cohort and showed that this protein is necessary for Cul3-ligase mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of established MES-GBM MRs, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ." SIGNOR-272455 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM62 protein Q9BVG3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270964 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser539 SLFNVSPsCSSFNSP 10090 BTO:0001103 SIGNOR-C15 17609368 t lperfetto "AMPK phosphorylates PGC-1alpha directly both in vitro and in cells. These direct phosphorylations of the PGC-1alpha protein at threonine-177 and serine-538 are required for the PGC-1alpha-dependent induction of the PGC-1alpha promoter" SIGNOR-228654 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0004730 12130514 f lperfetto "The transcription factor PU.1 is required for normal blood cell development. PU.1 regulates the expression of a number of crucial myeloid genes, such as the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor, and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor. Myeloid cells derived from PU.1(-/-) mice are blocked at the earliest stage of myeloid differentiation, similar to the blast cells that are the hallmark of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These facts led us to hypothesize that molecular abnormalities involving the PU.1 gene could contribute to the development of AML." SIGNOR-249633 KLHL21 protein Q9UJP4 UNIPROT EB1/MLL protein Q5UEC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 27641145 t miannu "Indeed, KLHL21 localizes to FA structures preferentially at the leading edge, and in complex with Cul3, ubiquitylates EB1 within its microtubule-interacting CH-domain. Cells lacking CRL3(KLHL21) activity or expressing a non-ubiquitylatable EB1 mutant protein are unable to migrate and exhibit strong defects in FA dynamics, lamellipodia formation and cortical plasticity. Our study thus reveals an important mechanism to regulate cortical dynamics during cell migration that involves ubiquitylation of EB1 at focal adhesions." SIGNOR-272407 MMP7 protein P09237 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272374 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr162 QLAAKLAyLQILSEE -1 16373505 t Manara "PKR autophosphorylates on Y101, Y162, and Y293 in vitro. Site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for efficient dsRNA-binding, dimerization, kinase activation and eIF2alpha phosphorylation of PKR." SIGNOR-260783 carvedilol chemical CHEBI:3441 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258165 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248614 WNT7B protein P56706 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131981 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 TDNLLPMsPEEFDEV 9606 17502367 t gcesareni "All stats are phosphorylated on at least one serine residue in their tad specifically, ser727 in stats 1 and 3 and ser721 in stat4. Stat serine kinases have been identified through the use of inhibitors, dominant-negative alleles, and in vitro kinase assays. They include mapk (p38mapk: stats 1, 3, 4;erk: stat3, 5;jnk: stat3), pkc_ (stat1, stat3), mtor (stat3), nlk (stat3 (42)), and camkii and ikk_ (stat1 (39, 40, 43)).STAT Serine phosphorylation regulates transcriptional activity (see below)." SIGNOR-154775 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT EPS15 protein P42566 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 16862145 t gcesareni "Treatment of cells with egf stimulates parkin binding to both eps15 and the egfr and promotes parkin-mediated ubiquitination of eps15" SIGNOR-148218 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements." SIGNOR-267965 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser246 QACARTFsRMSLLHK 9606 BTO:0000150 15833848 t lperfetto "Pak1 regulates the repressor activity of snail by phosphorylating on ser(246). Pak1 phosphorylation of snail supports snail's accumulation in the nucleus as well as its repressor functions." SIGNOR-135605 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22863277 t gcesareni "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2 thereby activating yap and taz transcription co-activators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-198547 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser329 STISGRLsPIMTEQD 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 11311120 t lperfetto "The kinase dyrk1a phosphorylates the transcription factor fkhr at ser329 in vitro, a novel in vivo phosphorylation siteser(329) phosphorylation also decreases the ability of fkhr to stimulate gene transactivation and reduces the proportion of fkhr present in the nucleus" SIGNOR-106829 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255502 MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257327 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr211 LVDSVAKtIDAGCKP 9606 9712898 t gcesareni "Both wild type and kinase-inactive mutant rip immunoprecipitates can active mkk6 in vitrohe sapks are activated by at least two meks, sapk/erk kinase-1 (sek1, also called mapk-kinase (mkk)) and mkk7" SIGNOR-59679 TBKBP1 protein A7MCY6 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 31792381 t "TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ) through a scaffold protein, CARD10. This enables PKCθ to phosphorylate TBK1 at Ser 716, a crucial step for TBK1 activation" SIGNOR-272469 TBKBP1 protein A7MCY6 UNIPROT CARD10 protein Q9BWT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 31792381 t "TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ) through a scaffold protein, CARD10. This enables PKCθ to phosphorylate TBK1 at Ser 716, a crucial step for TBK1 activation" SIGNOR-272470 IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16612387 f miannu "Ikkalfa can also phosphorylate and activate interferon regulatory factor-7 (irf7), which is required for interferon-alfa (ifnalfa) production." SIGNOR-263128 TRH protein P20396 UNIPROT TRHR protein P34981 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001379 27515033 t scontino "When TRH reaches the pars distalis of the pituitary, it regulates cells that express TRH receptor-1 (TRH-R1), such as the thyrotrophs. These cell types are subject to a multifactorial regulation that determines the extent and specificity of their response to TRH." SIGNOR-267200 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser129 SGSPSDNsGAEEMEV 9606 15818404 t gcesareni "Akt/pkb ser129 is phosphorylated by ck2 in vitro and in vivo;(4) such a phosphorylation of activated akt/pkb correlates with a further increase in catalytic activity." SIGNOR-135203 RPN2 protein P04844 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272074 ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000142 29274743 f miannu "We showed that ANKRD11 regulates dendrite outgrowth, arborization, and spine formation via Trkb transcription and activation of its downstream effectors in the developing mouse brain." SIGNOR-266733 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1217 MSLENPLsPFSSDIN 9606 BTO:0000007 32294430 t done miannu "We show here that CyclinD-Cdk4/6 activates mTORC1 by binding and phosphorylating TSC2 on Ser1217 and Ser1452. " SIGNOR-274099 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser386 ARVGGASsLENTVDL -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178395 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS -1 7657660 t lperfetto "Stat1 was phosphorylated at tyr 701 in jak immune complex kinase reaction. The stat1 and stat2 proteins are present in the cytoplasm of untreated cells;upon stimulation with ifn-g, They become rapidly activated by tyrosine phosphorylation at a single site catalyzed by receptor associated jak (janus) kinases." SIGNOR-30905 TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257374 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT PHKA2 protein P46019 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10487978 t "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-267414 F3 protein P13726 UNIPROT "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 32665005 t lperfetto "During vascular injury, TF is exposed to the blood, where it functions as a cofactor for the circulating zymogen factor VII (FVII). This TF:FVIIa complex can then bind and activate either factor IX (FIX) or factor X (FX), triggering a cascade that generates fibrin and activates platelets, resulting in a hemostatic plug at the site of injury." SIGNOR-263556 UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT MGRN1 protein O60291 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17229889 t miannu "Our in vivo and in vitro ubiquitylation studies demonstrate that the binding of TSG101 to Mahogunin targets the substrate TSG101 for ubiquitylation by Mahogunin E3 ligase in cooperation with its cognate E2 enzyme Ubc5a" SIGNOR-271637 oxybutynin chemical CHEBI:7856 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 22243489 t Luana " Interestingly, unlike the methiodide 5, the tertiary amine 17 and to a lesser extent its (S)-eutomer preferentially block the M3 receptor subtype with respect to the M2, with an M3/M2 selectivity ratio slightly higher than those of oxybutynin and the conventional M3selective antagonist 4-DAMP. " SIGNOR-258327 MRPL38 protein Q96DV4 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262359 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser364 PLLSRMGsLRAPVDE 9606 12717439 t Manara "Therefore, Chk2 phosphorylates and activates E2F-1 in response to DNA damage, resulting in apoptosis. | These results suggest that the Ser 364 site is phosphorylated by Chk2 and that anti-P-Ser 364 recognises the phosphorylated site in E2F-1." SIGNOR-260822 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1234 RDMYDKEyYSVHNKT 9606 18819921 t "Using substrate trapping mutants of PTP1B or TCPTP, we have demonstrated that both phosphatases interact with Met and that these interactions require phosphorylation of twin tyrosines (Tyr-1234/1235) in the activation loop of the Met kinase domain.|Using small interfering RNA against PTP1B and TCPTP, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr-1234/1235 in the activation loop of the Met receptor is elevated in the absence of either PTP1B or TCPTP and further elevated upon loss of both phosphatases." SIGNOR-248387 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr350 EPPDHQYyNDFPGKE 9606 8939605 t gcesareni "The shc adaptor protein is highly phosphorylated at conserved, twin tyrosine residues (y239/240) that mediate protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-44862 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260025 UBE4B protein O95155 UNIPROT FEZ1 protein Q99689 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 10116 BTO:0001009 15466860 t K27 miannu " E4B mediated the polyubiquitylation of FEZ1 but did not affect its intracellular stability, suggesting that such modification of FEZ1 is not a signal for its proteolysis. Polyubiquitylation of FEZ1 by E4B required Lys(27) of ubiquitin. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of E4B in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells resulted in inhibition of neurite extension induced either by nerve growth factor or by coexpression of FEZ1 and constitutively active PKCzeta. These findings indicate that E4B serves as a ubiquitin ligase for FEZ1 and thereby regulates its function but not its degradation. The polyubiquitin chain attached by E4B to FEZ1 might therefore facilitate the interaction of FEZ1 with an unidentified target that functions in neuritogenesis." SIGNOR-271510 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr771 ADIESSNyMAPYDNY 10090 BTO:0002572 14966296 t "The PDGF beta receptor is negatively regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs).|In summary, our findings identify TC-PTP as a previously unrecognized negative regulator of PDGF beta receptor signaling and support the general notion that PTPs display site selectivity in their action on tyrosine kinase receptors.The fact that two of the investigated PDGF β receptor sites, Y1021 and Y771, displayed a larger increase in phosphorylation than Y579 and Y751 in TC-PTP ko MEFs indicated that these two sites are preferred substrates for TC-PTP." SIGNOR-248389 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr432 KEGWMVHyTSKDTLR 9606 BTO:0000567 12637538 t lperfetto "Here we report that PKD is tyrosine-phosphorylated within the PH domain, leading to activation. This phosphorylation is mediated by a pathway that consists of the Src and Abl tyrosine kinases and occurs in response to stimulation with pervanadate and oxidative stress. Mutational analysis revealed three tyrosine phosphorylation sites (Tyr(432), Tyr(463), and Tyr(502)), which are regulated by the Src-Abl pathway, and phosphorylation of only one of these (Tyr(463)) leads to PKD activation." SIGNOR-247320 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NEFH protein P12036 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser526 PVKEEAKsPAEAKSP 10116 BTO:0000938 9592082 t lperfetto "The fraction containing Erk2, as well as bacterially expressed Erk1 and Erk2, phosphorylated all types of KSP motifs in peptides (KSPXK, KSPXXK, KSPXXXK, and KSPXXXXK) derived from NF-M and NF-H. They also phosphorylated an expressed 24 KSPXXXK repeat NF-H polypeptide, an expressed NF-H as well as dephosphorylated native rat NF-H, and NF-M proteins with accompanying decreases in their respective electrophoretic mobilities. |Our data on primary hippocampal cells also showed an inhibition of neurite outgrowth by the drug that was accompanied by inhibition of MAP, NF-H, and NF-M phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249424 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270375 RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12554096 t "MCIP proteins can bind to and inhibit calcineurin, a calcium/calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is activated during cardiac hypertrophy and failure" SIGNOR-252025 "aspartic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:22660 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264754 HLX protein Q14774 UNIPROT CDKN1C protein P49918 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003980 20008130 t Luana "In this study, we have identified cell cycle regulatory genes as downstream targets of the homeobox gene HLX in cultured trophoblast cells, namely RB1, MYC, EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN. RB1 and MYC mRNA expression was increased with HLX inactivation, whereas EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN mRNA expression was decreased compared with mock-transfected control cells." SIGNOR-261620 MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 18678647 t gcesareni "Rnf8 relocalizes to dna damage sites via a phospho-dependent interaction with mdc1" SIGNOR-179820 LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257286 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIK3 protein Q13003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 27586965 t miannu "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its biological activity through a variety of receptors. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are divided into two major classes on the basis of the mechanism by which they relay their signal: the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated cation channels, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that are G protein-coupled receptors" SIGNOR-264472 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT HSF2 protein Q03933 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 19768582 t 1 miannu "Here we show that the PEST sequences of a short-lived protein called HSF2 interact with Cullin3, a subunit of a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, and that this interaction mediates the Cul3-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of HSF2" SIGNOR-239129 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 12955074 t gcesareni "Mutant p53 is constitutively phosphorylated at serine 15 in uv-induced mouse skin tumors: involvement of erk1/2 map kinase." SIGNOR-100270 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser197 SFGLSAMsPTKAAVD 9606 BTO:0001271 18246121 t llicata "Here we show that the main cyclin-dependent kinase involved at the g(1) to s transition (cdk2) phosphorylates plzf at two consensus sites found within pest domains present in the hinge region of the protein. This phosphorylation triggers the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of plzf, which impairs plzf transcriptional repression ability and antagonizes its growth inhibitory effects." SIGNOR-160626 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10708759 t esanto "Autophosphorylated trka binds directly to plc?, Abl, and shc." SIGNOR-75405 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 BTO:0000007 12612081 t "In this study, we investigated the downregulation of insulin receptor (IR) signaling by TCPTP. In response to insulin stimulation, the TC48-D182A and TC45-D182A substrate-trapping mutants formed stable complexes with the endogenous tyrosine-phosphorylated IR beta-subunit in 293 cells.|IR β-subunit phosphorylated on tyrosine and specifically on tyrosines 1162 and 1163 could be coimmunoprecipitated with the TC48-D182A and TC45-D182A mutants but not the wild-type TC48 or TC45 in response to insulin" SIGNOR-248385 RPGRIP1L protein Q68CZ1 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT down-regulates demethylation Lys221 LLCDKVQkEDIEVYF 9606 SIGNOR-C13 20080798 t miannu "Fbxl11 and nsd1 have opposite effects on nf-kb; both bind to p65 subunit after activation of nf-kb. / nsd1 activates nf-kb and reverses the inhibitory effect of fbxl11 / these data confirm that fbxl11 and nsd1 constitute an enzyme pair that methylates and demethylates p65 on k218 and 221 in response to cytokine stimulation." SIGNOR-163320 DUX4 protein Q9UBX2 UNIPROT PITX1 protein P78337 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 17984056 t Luana "DUX4, a candidate gene of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, encodes a transcriptional activator of PITX1" SIGNOR-261590 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9418854 t lperfetto "Myod-e protein heterodimers interact with mef2 proteins to synergistically activate myogenesis." SIGNOR-54089 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1948 SPTSPGYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273086 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1868 SPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273087 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18332116 f irozzo "HSNF5 reexpression in MRT cells caused SWI/SNF recruitment and activation of p15INK4b and p16INK4a, but not of p14ARF.Reexpression of hSNF5 in MRT cells overcomes epigenetic silencing and mediates transcriptional activation of p15INK4b and p16INK4a" SIGNOR-256299 IFI30 protein P13284 UNIPROT "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31810556 t scontino "Within the phagosome, the internalized antigens are partially degraded by Cathepsin S and the GILT complex, a necessary step for further export to cytosol." SIGNOR-267864 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT PECAM1 protein P16284 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr713 KKDTETVySEVRKAV 9534 BTO:0001538 9624175 t miannu "We demonstrated that phosphorylation of PECAM-1 by Src or Csk family kinases was sufficient to trigger its association with SHP-2. Moreover, it was able to promote binding of PECAM-1 to SHP-1, a SHP-2-related protein-tyrosine phosphatase expressed in hemopoietic cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that the Src and Csk families of kinases are strong candidates for mediating tyrosine phosphorylation of PECAM-1 and triggering its association with SH2 domain-containing phosphatases under physiological circumstances." SIGNOR-262741 MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT MFN1 protein Q8IWA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 20103533 t lperfetto "MARCH5, a mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been identified as a molecule that binds mitochondrial fission 1 protein (hFis1), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), key proteins in the control of mitochondrial fission and fusion.|Notably, a significant increase in Mfn1 level, but not Mfn2, Drp1 or hFis1 levels, was observed in MARCH5-depleted cells, indicating that Mfn1 is a major ubiquitylation substrate." SIGNOR-272981 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser457 RGRKRFVsEGDGGRL 9606 16357133 t gcesareni "Our results show that akt specifically phosphorylates ser(67) and ser(457) residues of pdcd4 in vitro and in vivo. We further show that phosphorylation of pdcd4 by akt causes nuclear translocation of pdcd4." SIGNOR-143098 GADD45G protein O95257 UNIPROT CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "Western blot analysis for SPDEF revealed that overexpression of GADD45α, β and γ prevents SPDEF degradation mediated by CDK11p58 |We identified CDK11p58 as an interaction partner of GADD45α by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. We corroborated these data by co-immunoprecipitation in vitro translation assays, showing that all three members of the GADD45 family interact with CDK11p58." SIGNOR-273025 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000130 16778989 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Inhibitors of the erk1/2 pathway abrogated gm-csf-induced phosphorylation of ser345, while p38 mapk inhibitor abrogated tnf-alpha-induced phosphorylation of ser345.These results show that the ala-mutated p47phox acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of endogenous p47phox and clearly indicate that phosphorylation of ser345 is required for the priming of nadph oxidase activity in neutrophil-like cells." SIGNOR-270091 NARS2 protein Q96I59 UNIPROT Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270464 alvimopan chemical CHEBI:135686 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18313920 t Luana "A series of N-substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines, l opioid receptor antagonists, analogs of alvimopan, were prepared using solid phase methodology. This study led to the identification of a highly selective l opioid receptor antagonist, which interacts selectively with l peripheral receptors." SIGNOR-257774 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 32471307 t lperfetto "A major kinase for GPCR‐induced CPI‐17 phosphorylation is PKC which is activated by the PLCbeta‐produced signaling messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It phosphorylates CPI‐17 at Thr38 residue that directly docks at the active site of MLCP, thereby inhibiting its activity and promoting an increase of phosphorylation of myosin and of other MLCP.| CPI-17 can be also directly phosphorylated at Thr38 residue by MYPT1-associated kinase [222], by PAK, which is downstream of Rac and/or Cdc42 cascade [223], by Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) [224] and by PKN [225]." SIGNOR-90832 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271126 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 12181443 f lperfetto "We show [] that the kinase activity and s473 phosphorylation of akt induced by lpa and s1p requires both mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase kinase (mek) and p38 map kinase. [] among different stimuli tested, platelet-derived growth factor stimulates s473 phosphorylation of akt in a mek- and p38-dependent manner. However, epidermal growth factor, thrombin, and endothelin-1?stimulated Akt s473 phosphorylation require p38 but not mek." SIGNOR-244465 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25721664 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxo3 targets Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we show that another F-box protein Fbxo3, belonging to the FBXO type protein family, also interacts with and targets Smurf1 for poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The SCF complex is composed of F-box protein, Skp1, Cullin1 (Cul1) and ROC1. Fbxo3, whose substrates are few, forms SCF Fbxo3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates the degradations of Fbxl2, p62, HIPK2 and p300 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272447 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 22944199 t lperfetto "Non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway has also been implicated in multiple functions including cell adhesion and cell movements during gastrulation. In this signaling cascade, binding of Wnt to the Fzd receptor leads to the release of intracellular Ca2+, a process which is mediated through heterotrimeric G proteins, PLC (phospholipase C) and CamKII (calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinae II) as well as PKC (protein kinase C). The increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration also activates the calcineurin phosphatase, leading to activation of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell)." SIGNOR-198816 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1875 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176801 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT SRY protein Q05066 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12970737 t miannu "Here we report that wt1 binds to and acts synergistically with sry to activate transcription from a promoter containing sry-binding sites" SIGNOR-100345 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:83767 ChEBI ADP-D-ribose(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57967 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32257385 t miannu "MACROD2 is a protein-coding gene located at a fragile site on human chromosome 20. The MACROD2 protein is a deacetylase involved in the removal of ADP-ribose from mono-ADP-ribosylated proteins" SIGNOR-269841 ECSIT protein Q9BQ95 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22588174 t Giorgia "ECSIT interacts with IPS-1|ECSIT enhances IPS-1-mediated IFN-Beta promoter activation" SIGNOR-260371 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser274 ASPQRSRsPSPQPSS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252328 SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000227 16789923 t miannu "The function of the serotonin transporter (SERT) is to take up and release serotonin (5-hydroxytyptamine (5-HT)) from cells and this function of SERT in the central nervous system (CNS) is well-documented; SERT is the target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used in the treatment of CNS disorders, such as depression." SIGNOR-263953 CDON/SPAG9 complex SIGNOR-C21 SIGNOR MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT unknown binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222;BTO:0002181 22337877 t lperfetto "Cdo and jlp interacted with ask1 or tak1 in 293t cells and c2c12 myoblasts" SIGNOR-235557 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp78 PNVVAARdVPEGMQN 9606 11741536 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase (ikk) beta was specifically proteolyzed by caspase-3-related caspases at aspartic acid residues 78, 242, 373, and 546 during tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-112800 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253499 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23524951 t lperfetto "AMBRA1, interacting with the E3-ligase TRAF6, supports ULK1 ubiquitylation by LYS-63-linked chains, and its subsequent stabilization, self-association and function." SIGNOR-273000 LARP7 protein Q4G0J3 UNIPROT P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30824372 t Monia "To investigate whether LARP7 is part of the known 7SK RNP implicated in the regulation of transcription, co‐immunoprecipitation studies were performed using the nuclear extracts of HeLa cells (Fig 3A, lanes 1–4). Antibodies against LARP7, CDK9 and HEXIM1 efficiently precipitated 7SK RNA, whereas no RNA was found in the control (Fig 3A, lower panel, lanes 1–4). Interestingly, HEXIM1, CDK9, CYCT1 and LARP7 were present in all immunopurifications, as determined by mass spectrometry of silver‐stained gels (Fig 3A; data not shown) and western blotting. In conclusion, these experiments show that LARP7 negatively regulates not only viral but also cellular POLII class genes through the 7SK P‐TEFb system." SIGNOR-261184 CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT Apoptosome complex SIGNOR-C230 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 10206961 t lperfetto " APAF-1 binds and hydrolyzes ATP or dATP to ADP or dADP, respectively. The hydrolysis of ATP/dATP and the binding of cytochrome c promote APAF-1 oligomerization, forming a large multimeric APAF-1.cytochrome c complex. Such a complex can be isolated using gel filtration chromatography and is by itself sufficient to recruit and activate procaspase-9. " SIGNOR-256429 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser939 SFRARSTsLNERPKS 9606 12150915 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that tuberin is phosphorylated on s939 and t1462 in response to pi3k activation. Our results are consistent with akt being the pi3k-depen-dent tuberin kinase. The pi3k-akt-mediated phosphorylation of tuberin would inhibit the function of the tuberin-hamartin complex." SIGNOR-91041 isoleucine smallmolecule CHEBI:24898 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264749 FZD7 protein O75084 UNIPROT FZD7/SDC4 complex SIGNOR-C216 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0001103 23290138 t apalma "We next examined whether endogenous Fzd7 and Sdc4 form a receptor complex in satellite cells […] Therefore, we conclude that Fzd7 and Sdc4 form a co-receptor complex in activated satellite cells." SIGNOR-255848 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256775 PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT NCR2 protein O95944 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 22021614 t miannu "NK cells play an important role in the early immune response to cancer. The NKp44 activating receptor is the only natural cytotoxicity receptor that is expressed exclusively by primate NK cells, yet its cellular ligands remain largely unknown." SIGNOR-260043 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 15486195 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "In vitro, bimel was phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase on ser(69), which resides in the bimel-specific insert region. Using phosphospecific antibody against this site, we show that this residue is actually phosphorylated in cells. We also show that phosphorylation of ser(69) promotes ubiquitination of bimel. We conclude that mek inhibitors sensitize mda-mb231 and hbc4 cells to anoikis by blocking phosphorylation and hence degradation of bimel" SIGNOR-270152 2-(6-Bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[(1S)-1-cyclohexylethyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxamide chemical CID:126961335 PUBCHEM F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 28445455 t "Simone Vumbaca" "The antagonist AZ8838 binds in a fully occluded pocket near the extracellular surface. | Antagonist AZ3451 binds to a remote allosteric site outside the helical bundle. We propose that antagonist binding prevents structural rearrangements required for receptor activation and signalling." SIGNOR-261119 "3-phenanthryl hydrogen sulfate" chemical CHEBI:37459 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7576010 t miannu "The affinities of D2 receptors for agonists and antagonists were compared for receptors labeled with [1251]-7-OHPIPAT and with [*251]-NCQ-298 under conditions that promote, respectively, coupling or uncoupling of receptors to G proteins. Table 1." SIGNOR-258439 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2D3 protein P61077 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271314 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser634 ISQCGYSsTIVHVPP 9534 BTO:0000298 11865049 t llicata "The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, CKIepsilon and CKIdelta are able to induce nuclear translocation of mPer3, which requires its nuclear localization signal. The mutation in potential phosphorylation sites on mPer3 decreased the extent of both nuclear translocation and degradation of mPer3 that are stimulated by CKIepsilon. | In mut7 in which all of the conserved serine and threonine residues in this region were mutated, the ratio of the shifted band was greatly reduced reproducibly. " SIGNOR-250819 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9435577 t lperfetto "These studies revealed that PI 3-kinase is associated in vivo with both TGF-_ receptor subtypes and that TGF-_1 stimulation enhances PI 3-kinase activity associated with type I TGF-_ receptor in hASM cells." SIGNOR-227528 CD300LB protein A8K4G0 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 20959446 t lperfetto "The CD300b receptor is a non-classical activating receptor able to deliver signals by associating with the transmembrane adaptor protein DAP-12 and the intracellular mediator Grb-2." SIGNOR-264833 "C5 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C312 SIGNOR C5 protein P01031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg677 KEILRPRrTLQKKIE 31331124 t lperfetto "Association of C3b with C3 convertases (C3bBb or C4b2a) results in formation of C5 convertases, C3bBbC3b and C4b2aC3b, which initiate the lytic pathway by cleavage of C5 to C5a and C5b" SIGNOR-263452 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253501 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10464286 t gcesareni "Identification of a novel phosphorylation site on histone h3 coupled with mitotic chromosome condensation." SIGNOR-265344 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257065 BRSK1 protein Q8TDC3 UNIPROT CAST protein P20810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser45 KSQSTKLsVVHEKKS 10090 BTO:0000142 27626661 t miannu "Here, we show that an AZ cytomatrix protein CAST and an AZ-associated protein kinase SAD-B coordinately regulate STD by controlling reloading of the AZ with release-ready synaptic vesicles. SAD-B phosphorylates the N-terminal serine (S45) of CAST, and S45 phosphorylation increases with higher firing rate." SIGNOR-263051 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr783 PLYKSAItTTINPRF 10090 BTO:0001825 12682249 t lperfetto "Beta7 subunit is phosphorylated even in unstimulated TK-1 cells. Activation of TK-1 cells with anti-CD3 (Fig. 5_A) and PDBu (Fig. 5_B) increased the phosphorylation 15€“20%. | The result shows that the fourth amino acid of the tryptic peptide was phosphorylated. This phosphorylated threonine residue is most likely the first threonine (Thr782) of threonine triplet (Thr782€“784)." SIGNOR-249200 MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT HAPLN1 protein P10915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage His31 LDHDRAIhIQAENGP -1 7694569 t miannu "Matrix metalloproteinases cleave at two distinct sites on human cartilage link protein. Sequencing studies of modified link protein components revealed that stromelysins-1 and -2, gelatinases A and B and collagenase cleaved specifically between His16 and Ile17, and matrilysin, stromelysin-2 and gelatinase A cleaved between Leu25 and Leu26. Based on previously determined in situ cleavage sites it is evident that matrix metalloproteinases are not solely responsible for the accumulation of link protein degradation products in adult human cartilage, indicating that additional proteolytic agents are involved in the normal catabolism of human cartilage matrix." SIGNOR-256328 AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT SEPTIN4 protein O43236 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 23479728 t lperfetto "Furthermore, the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAC, HtrA2, and ARTS were significantly enhanced in AREL1-expressing cells following apoptotic stimulation, indicating that AREL1 binds to and ubiquitinates cytosolic but not mitochondria-associated forms of IAP antagonists" SIGNOR-267670 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2279 PVQPNPMsPQQHMLP 9606 17623675 t lperfetto "Serine residues (ser-2279, ser-2315, and ser-2366) on the c terminus of p300 were the major signaling targets of egf. Furthermore, the c-terminal serine phosphorylation of p300 stimulated its histone acetyltransferase activity these results also constituted the first report identifying the unique p300 phosphorylation sites induced by erk2 in vivo." SIGNOR-156887 AMPD1 protein P23109 UNIPROT "adenosine 5'-monophosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16027 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001103 1631143 t miannu "AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6) is encoded by a multigene family in mammals. The AMPD1 gene is expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle, where this enzyme is thought to play an important role in energy metabolism. AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6), an enzyme that catalyzes deamination of AMP to IMP, and the purine nucleotide cycle, of which AMPD is one component, play a central role in purine nucleotide interconversion in eukaryotic cells." SIGNOR-269772 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 1851182 t fspada "Because of the sequence homology and tertiary structure similarities between proinsulin (pi) and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), it is possible that pi interacts with the igf-i receptor with higher affinity than insulin." SIGNOR-22083 Mob1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF42 SIGNOR LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21084559 t miannu "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1." SIGNOR-256186 ZNF384 protein Q8TF68 UNIPROT MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 10669742 t Luana "Luciferase activity driven by the MMP-1 promoter also increased by 2.5- to 3-fold. In contrast, CIZ had no effect on the luciferase activity from the MMP-1 promoter that was mutated at the CIZ binding consensus sequence. These results show that the CIZ transactivates the MMP-1 promoter through this sequence." SIGNOR-266229 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser162 LRRYTTFsKRKTGIM 10090 16537394 t lperfetto "Mimicking phosphorylation of serine-162, a target of protein kinase c-alpha, with an aspartic acid substitution (srf-s162d) completely inhibited srf-dna binding and blocked alpha-actin gene transcription pkc? Highly phosphorylated serine-162." SIGNOR-234461 P2RY12 protein Q9H244 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257107 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161569 PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 19047375 t gcesareni "Thus, beta(2)ar stimulation on a b cell phosphorylates and inactivates heptp in a gs/camp/pka-dependent manner to release bound p38 mapk, making more available for phosphorylation and subsequent ige regulation" SIGNOR-182525 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser880 YNVYGIEsVKI 9606 BTO:0000007 10501226 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the C terminus of GluR2 of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptor is phosphorylated by protein kinase C and that serine-880 is the major phosphorylation site. This phosphorylation also occurs in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells by addition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate." SIGNOR-249022 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ORC2 protein Q13416 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr116 LASELAKtPQKSVSF 9606 SIGNOR-C83 11931757 t lperfetto "We also found that horc2p is phosphorylated in vitro by cyclin a/cdk2, specifically at residues thr116 and thr226. These data combined strongly suggest that skp2 promotes horc1p turnover and that the n-terminal domain of horc1p, containing most of the phosphorylation sites and overlapping with one of the skp2-interacting domains, is a regulatory element for horc1p stability." SIGNOR-116364 GPI protein P06744 UNIPROT AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12527360 t gcesareni "Pgi is a housekeeping gene encoding phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) a glycolytic enzyme that also functions as a cytokine (autocrine motility factor (amf)/neuroleukin/maturation factor) upon secretion from the cell and binding to its 78 kda seven-transmembrane domain receptor (gp78/amf-r)" SIGNOR-97270 MLNR protein O43193 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256737 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser491 SSTPQRSCsAAGLHRPR 10116 BTO:0002135 17023420 t "These agents also enhanced phosphorylation of alpha-Ser(485/491) by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. AMPK alpha-Ser(485/491) phosphorylation was necessary but not sufficient for inhibition of AMPK activity in response to forskolin/isobutylmethylxanthine." SIGNOR-256112 panobinostat chemical CHEBI:85990 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257750 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001248 20682797 f miannu "Here, we show the histone demethylase JMJD2B is regulated by both ERalpha and HIF-1alpha, drives breast cancer cell proliferation in normoxia and hypoxia, and epigenetically regulates the expression of cell cycle genes such as CCND1, CCNA1, and WEE1." SIGNOR-263738 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257372 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Ser465;Ser467 SPSVRCSsMS;SVRCSSMs 11274206 t gcesareni "the receptor-regulated Smad, such as Smad2, forms a heterocomplex with the co-mediator Smad, Smad4" SIGNOR-235188 MRPL50 protein Q8N5N7 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262338 ICAM3 protein P32942 UNIPROT "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 8777714 t lperfetto "A novel leukointegrin, alpha d beta 2, binds preferentially to ICAM-3." SIGNOR-253371 WNT5B protein Q9H1J7 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131882 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 16340011 t gcesareni "It is proposed that the effect of insulin to antagonize AMP-activated protein kinase activation involves a hierarchical mechanism whereby Ser 485/Ser 491 phosphorylation by protein kinase B reduces subsequent phosphorylation of Thr 172 by LKB1 and the resulting activation of AMP-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-252740 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f gcesareni "In addition to osteocalcin, cbfa1 regulates expression of several other genes that are activated during osteoblast" SIGNOR-107175 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21892142 t lperfetto "Ampk was recently found to phosphorylate a conserved serine near the cleavage site within srebp1, suppressing its activation" SIGNOR-176497 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16794003 t gcesareni "The evidence suggests that s1p acting on s1p receptors coupled to gq." SIGNOR-147230 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser104 GSSLRYYsEGESGGG -1 11328814 t miannu "Here we incubated a recombinant preparation of the phospholipase in vitro with several enzymes including protein kinase CK2 (CK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to identify effects that might be of regulatory importance in vivo.Major findings were that 1) CK2 phosphorylated the phospholipase on serines 93, 105, and 716; 2) ERK2 phosphorylated the enzyme on serine 730; 3) there was cross-antagonism between the reactions that phosphorylated serines 716 and 730; 4) PP2A selectively hydrolyzed phosphate groups that were esterified to serines 716 and 730. The results of two independent experiments with each type of assay indicated that the incubation caused a 50% loss of phospholipase activity (TableV). These results differed from those of corresponding incubation experiments with PA-PLA1α plus ERK2 and MgATP (see “Experimental Procedures”), which provided no evidence for complex formation or phosphorylation-dependent loss of phospholipase activity" SIGNOR-262974 L-arginine chemical CHEBI:16467 ChEBI NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT up-regulates BTO:0000801 BTO:0001103 25386178 f apalma "In mammalian cells, arginine can be catabolized by four classes of enzymes (Figure ​(Figure1):1): NOS, arginase, arginine decarboxylase (ADC), and arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT)" SIGNOR-255554 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19910923 t gcesareni "It was also shown that wnt5a inhibits the beta-catenin pathway by competing with wnt3a for binding to fz2, and that the impairment of clathrin-mediated internalization does not affect this wnt5a inhibitory action." SIGNOR-189117 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 TPPSTALsPGKMSEA 9606 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-169326 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NEURL3 protein Q96EH8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271211 HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257137 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 26847029 f irozzo "Importantly, our results showed that BCOR is a repressor of HoxA cluster of genes (HoxA5, HoxA7 and HoxA9) in myeloid cells. Knock-down of HoxA5, HoxA7 and HoxA9 significantly decreased the clonogenic growth of Bcor mutant and wild type cells, demonstrating the Hox genes, as targets of BCOR, played an important role in mediating BCOR’s function in regulating myeloid cell proliferation." SIGNOR-256014 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1924 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273088 IFTAP protein Q86VG3 UNIPROT BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18433331 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we co-immunoprecipitated HEPIS with BTF3, a component of the RNA pol II initiation complex, and observed reduced proliferation of HeLa cells transfected with the HEPIS gene." SIGNOR-260252 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr142 SVGDEDIySGLSDQI -1 10669745 t "Lck recognizes preferentially the tyrosine residue of Vav located at position 174 and, with significantly less affinity, those present at positions 142 and 160. It is now clear that this posttranslational modification will be involved in the activation of Vav, in the regulation of the strength of the signals emanating from this molecule, and also in the negative regulation of its function." SIGNOR-251389 CEBPE protein Q15744 UNIPROT LTF protein P02788 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15588942 f miannu "C/EBP_ interacts with C/EBP_ through the leucine-zipper–containing domain. C/EBP_ and C/EBP_ synergistically activate transcription of lactoferrin promoter" SIGNOR-225012 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT DAP3 protein P51398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr237 ITRVRNAtDAVGIVL 9606 18227431 t amattioni "Dap3 is phosphorylated by protein kinase cdelta on thr237. Dap3 was originally identified as a pro-apoptotic protein. The mutation of the phosphorylation site thr237 to alanine reversed the cell death caused by the wild-type dap3" SIGNOR-160488 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58475 ChEBI (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The last two steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the bifunctional AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC). The transformylase domain of the enzyme first catalyzes the conversion of AICAR to formylaminoimida zole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) using the N10-formyltetrahydrofolate. Then, the cyclohydrolase domain closes the purine ring to form IMP." SIGNOR-267323 INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 32323266 t scontino "An adaptor protein Dok-3 mediates the suppressive function of LYN. The Dok-3 phosphorylated by LYN upon BCR stimulation forms a complex with GRB2, which allows it to enter into the signalosome and associate with activation of SHIP protein. This translocation facilitates the efficient inhibition of PLCc2 and SYK from activation, subsequently resulting in the suppression of downstream Ca2+ signaling." SIGNOR-268456 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 10937998 f fspada "Wnt-10b, is a molecular switch that governs adipogenesis. Wnt signaling maintains preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state through inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (ppargamma)." SIGNOR-80589 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BS1 protein P57053 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265384 GUCY1A2 protein P33402 UNIPROT GUCY1A2-B3 complex SIGNOR-C138 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "This enzyme is a heterodimeric protein consisting of - and ²-subunits, and expression of both subunits is required for catalytic activity" SIGNOR-243977 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EEF1D protein P29692 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser162 DDIDLFGsDNEEEDK 9606 BTO:0000567 21936567 t lperfetto "Direct phosphorylation of eef1d by ck2 was shown by performing ck2 assays with eef1d -flag from hela cells. Dramatic increases in eef1d phosphorylation following _-phosphatase treatment and phospho- eef1d antibody recognizing eef1d ps162 indicated phosphorylation at the ck2 site in cells." SIGNOR-176632 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr350 EPPDHQYyNDFPGKE 9606 10482988 t miannu "Intracellular FLT3 signaling involves tyrosine phosphorylation of several cytoplasmic proteins including SHC. We have found that upon FLT3 activation SHC phosphorylation occurs at tyrosine 239/240 and 313." SIGNOR-251147 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CUL5 protein Q93034 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser730 MKMRKKIsNAQLQTE 9534 BTO:0000298 10898738 t miannu "Elimination of the S730 but not the T325 PKA phosphorylation site of VACM-1 resulted in a complete inhibition of the VACM-1 activity, thus suggesting a direct effect of PKA on the VACM-1 receptor." SIGNOR-250352 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1651 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273090 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MIB2 protein Q96AX9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270989 DCN protein P07585 UNIPROT FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000951 17200203 f Regulation miannu "Decorin Induces Fibrillin-1 Protein Expression in NRK Cells via IGF-IR. we report a novel mechanism of action that involves two key molecules: decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, and the IGF-IR. These two players, together with the downstream signaling pathway evoked by decorin-mediated activation of the receptor, lead to an enhanced translation of fibrillin-1 and its deposition in the extracellular environment both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-251893 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR MAML2 protein Q8IZL2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12386158 t gcesareni "Other than a role in t-cell development, the hox genes may be involved in alternative notchregulated processes in hematopoietic stem cells. Notch signaling is clearly important for self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitors (reviewed by radkte et al. 57). Interestingly, hoxa5, a9 and a10 were found to be part of the stem cell profile'" SIGNOR-254347 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 9606 16888006 t "ERK/MAPK phosphorylates caspase-9 at Thr(125), and this phosphorylation is crucial for caspase-9 inhibition. Until now, the phosphatase responsible for Thr(125) dephosphorylation has not been described. Here, we demonstrate that in IL-2-proliferating cells, phosphorylated serine/threonine phosphatase type 1alpha (PP1alpha) associates with phosphorylated caspase-9." SIGNOR-248565 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser170 SFKLSGFsFKKNKKE -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III." SIGNOR-248929 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr857 DIMRDSNyISKGSTF 9606 12149261 t "Insight into the role of low molecular weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) on platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-r) signaling. LMW-PTP controls PDGF-r kinase activity through TYR-857 dephosphorylation|On the basis of these results, we propose a key role for LMW-PTP in PDGF-r down-regulation through the dephosphorylation of the activation loop Tyr-857, thus determining a general negative regulation of all downstream signals, with the exception of those elicited by internalized receptors." SIGNOR-248452 CDS2 protein O95674 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25375833 t lperfetto "CDP-diacylglycerol synthases (CDS) are critical enzymes that catalyze the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid (PA)." SIGNOR-267021 CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 9606 BTO:0000007 11314030 t llicata "Tyrosine phosphorylation FAK was strictly dependent upon c-Crk II expression | Crk-inducible FAK tyrosine phosphorylation was completely abrogated by co-expression with R38K Crk (lane 2), and decreased by co-expression with W170K Crk (lane 3), indicating that the SH2 domain of c-Crk is absolutely essential for this effect. In contrast, mutants in the C-terminus of Crk that include Y222F c-Crk, which abrogates the c-Abl phosphorylation site, and W276K Crk, which mutates the C-terminal SH3 domain, modestly increased FAK activation compared to wild-type c-Crk II." SIGNOR-250777 5-chloro-N2-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]phenyl]-N4-(2-propan-2-ylsulfonylphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine chemical CHEBI:91338 ChEBI ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258293 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 HQLFRGFsFVATGLM 9534 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219341 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ARFIP2 protein P53365 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser260 GTRGRLEsAQATFQA 9606 BTO:0000938 15809304 t llicata "Akt phosphorylated arfaptin 2 at ser(260). we have also demonstrated that arfaptin 2 phosphorylation restores proteasome activity that is inhibited by the presence of polyq-huntingtin in cells." SIGNOR-135105 GPR17 protein Q13304 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256692 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CCNG1 protein P51959 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9688532 t lperfetto "Individual promoter and intron p53-binding motifs from the rat Cyclin G1 promoter region support transcriptional activation by p53 but do not show co-operative activation." SIGNOR-268961 RITA1 protein Q96K30 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21102556 t gcesareni "Thus, we propose that rita acts as a negative modulator of the notch signalling pathway, controlling the level of nuclear rbp-j/cbf-1, where its amounts are limiting." SIGNOR-170089 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14517246 t gcesareni "Jnks directly phosphorylate nuclear factor of activated t-cell (nfat) transcription factors, thus antagonizing the effects of calcium-regulated signaling through the protein phosphatase calcineurin" SIGNOR-118220 CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 7716810 f gcesareni "A major pathway which mediates the effects of gm-csf on macrophages involves activation of the latent transcription factor stat5a via a janus kinase 2 (jak2)-dependent pathway." SIGNOR-32220 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT NET1 protein Q7Z628 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser152 PTPAKRRsSALWSEM -1 15684429 t miannu "In this work we show that the Rac/Cdc42hs-regulated protein kinase PAK1 down-regulates the activity of the RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor NET1. Specifically, PAK1 phosphorylates NET1 on three sites in vitro: serines 152, 153, and 538. Replacement of serines 152 and 153 with glutamate residues down-regulates the activity of NET1 as an exchange factor in vitro and its ability to stimulate actin stress fiber formation in cells. Using a phospho-specific antibody that recognizes NET1 phosphorylated on serine 152, we show that PAK1 phosphorylates NET1 on this site in cells and that Rac1 stimulates serine 152 phosphorylation in a PAK1-dependent manner." SIGNOR-263017 "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263783 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys310 KRTYETFkSIMKKSP 9606 BTO:0002207 15152190 t gcesareni "Using acetylation assays, p300 was found to effectively acetylate RelA/p65 across the amino-acid region containing 1€“317" SIGNOR-238778 NTNG1 protein Q9Y2I2 UNIPROT LRRC4C protein Q9HCJ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19467332 t miannu "The NGL (netrin-G ligand; LRRC4) family of synaptic cell adhesion molecules belongs to the superfamily of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. The three known members of the NGL family, NGL-1, NGL-2, and NGL-3, are mainly localized to the postsynaptic side of excitatory synapses, and interact with the presynaptic ligands, netrin-G1, netrin-G2, and LAR, respectively." SIGNOR-264047 EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr928 SAIKMVQyRDSFLTA 10029 BTO:0000246 12223469 t " Co-immunoprecipitation was used to confirm the interaction of Grb7 with the cytoplasmic domain of EphB1 as well as the full-length receptor in intact cells. This interaction is mediated by the SH2 domain of Grb7 and requires tyrosine autophosphorylation of EphB1. We also found that EphB1 could phosphorylate Grb7 and mutation of either Tyr-928 or Tyr-594 to Phe decreased this activity." SIGNOR-251123 TCL1A protein P56279 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10983986 t miannu "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-81434 TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT DUSP14 protein O95147 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination lys103 9606 BTO:0000007 26521044 t miannu "TRAF2-mediated Lys63-linked ubiquitination of DUSP14/MKP6 is essential for its phosphatase activity. Mass spectrometry and mutational analyses identified that DUSP14 was Lys63-linked ubiquitinated at lysine 103 residue.Here we report that DUSP14 was Lys63-linked ubiquitinated at Lys103 residue by the E3 ligase TRAF2 during TCR signaling. Furthermore, ubiquitination of DUSP14 was essential for its phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-272811 ADP chemical CHEBI:16761 ChEBI P2RY12 protein Q9H244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257560 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr570 VRREVGDyGQLHETE 9606 21841788 t lperfetto "The jak2 jh2 domain functions as a negative regulator and is presumed to be a catalytically inactive pseudokinase, but the mechanism(s) for its inhibition of jak2 remains unknown. Here we show that jh2 is a dual-specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates two negative regulatory sites in jak2: ser523 and tyr570." SIGNOR-176058 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser126 VKRERTSsLTQFPPS 9606 18280241 t llicata "Rsk phosphorylates serine 58 of ranbp3 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-160904 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser649 VPPSPSLsRHSSPHQ -1 6772446 t "Glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylates three serine residues on glycogen synthase (sites 3a, 3b and 3c) which are all located in the same nine-amino-acid segment of the polypeptide chain. The sequence in this region is: Arg-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ala-Ser(P)-Val-Pro-Pro-Ser(P)-Pro-Ser-Leu-Ser(P)-Arg-." SIGNOR-253007 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 18937504 t ggiuliani "Here we report the high-resolution NMR structure of BMPR-IA ECD in solution, revealing that a large part of the ligand-binding epitope is unfolded and flexible before formation of the complex. The binding beta4beta5 loop of BMPR-IA passes through a structural rearrangement upon BMP-2 binding." SIGNOR-255771 CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr14 IEKIGEGtYGVVYKG 9606 BTO:0001938 10913154 t lperfetto "Cyclin B-Cdc2 complexes are maintained in an inactive state until the end of G2 by phosphorylation of the Thr14/Tyr15 residues. Around the time of nuclear translocation of the complex, these residues are dephosphorylated, resulting in the formation of an active cyclin B-Cdc2 complex (2). As mentioned, this dephosphorylation occurs by a Cdc25 protein phosphatase. Three Cdc25 family members have been identified to date, A, B and C, the last one being the active one at the onset of mitosis. The activity of Cdc25C itself can be enhanced through phosphorylation by cyclin B-Cdc2 (9, 10). Therefore, activation of cyclin B-Cdc2 has been proposed to result in an autocatalytic feedback loop to ensure rapid activation of these complexes at the G2/M transition" SIGNOR-251509 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001938 24300895 t "Altering the expression of HES1 did not obviously affect GR abundance (Figure 3A). However, genome-wide microarrays revealed that overexpression of HES1 resulted in inhibition of GR-mediated changes in the glucocorticoid regulated transcriptome, as compared to non-overexpressing controls" SIGNOR-253064 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr246 SCGVDGDyEDAELNP 9606 BTO:0000007 8955135 t "In the present study, we demonstrate that BCR Tyr-246 and at least one of the closely spaced tyrosine residues, Tyr-279, Tyr-283, and Tyr-289 (3Y cluster), are phosphorylated by FES both in vitro and in 32Pi-labeled cells. Co-expression of BCR and FES in human 293T cells stimulated the tyrosine autophosphorylation of FES. By contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR by FES suppressed BCR serine/threonine kinase activity toward the 14-3-3 protein and BCR substrate, BAP-1. " SIGNOR-251137 CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 10706702 f lperfetto "CD19 is a coreceptor on B cells that enhances the increase in cytoplasmic calcium and ERK2 activation when coligated with the B cell Ag receptor." SIGNOR-249609 risperidone chemical CHEBI:8871 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258840 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT LMTK2 protein Q8IWU2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1450 LQTSKYFsPPPPARS 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 22220831 t gcesareni "Here, we demonstrate that lmtk2 is phosphorylated on serine-1418 (lmtk2ser ) by cdk5/p35 and present evidence that this regulates its ability to phosphorylate pp1cthr __" SIGNOR-195329 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268916 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT SIGLEC10 protein Q96LC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr597 RHSTILDyINVVPTA 9606 11733002 t lperfetto "These results suggest that the tyrosines at positions 597 and 667, contained within itim-like motifs, are likely targets of phosphorylation by several classes of signaling molecules, including lck, jak3, and emt. The tyrosine located at position y691 was also contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by lck and jak3 kinases. Y597 and y667 are likely involved in intracellular signaling" SIGNOR-112471 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr246 SCGVDGDyEDAELNP 9606 BTO:0000007 8955135 t lperfetto "In the present study, we demonstrate that bcr tyr-246 and at least one of the closely spaced tyrosine residues, tyr-279, tyr-283, and tyr- 289 (3y cluster), are phosphorylated by fes both in vitro and in 32p(i)- labeled cells. tyrosine phosphorylation of bcr by fes suppressed bcr serine/threonine kinase activity toward the 14-3-3 protein and bcr substrate, bap-1." SIGNOR-45330 pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI (S)-lactate smallmolecule CHEBI:16651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24929216 t lperfetto "Glucose and alanine produce pyruvate which is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm without oxygen consumption. Lactate removal takes place via its oxidation to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase." SIGNOR-267655 RHOH protein Q15669 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 17028588 t irozzo "These findings suggest that RhoH is a critical regulator of thymocyte development and TCR signaling by mediating recruitment and activation of Zap70." SIGNOR-259084 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser111 GTGRRIHsYRGHLWL 9606 BTO:0000680 22071692 t llicata "We demonstrated that checkpoint kinase-2 (chk2) binds to the beta-domain of pvhl and phosphorylates ser 111 on dna damage. Notably, this modification enhances pvhl-mediated transactivation of p53 by recruiting p300 and tip60 to the chromatin of p53 target gene" SIGNOR-177091 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000182;BTO:0000018 15718470 t lperfetto "The rictor-mtor complex directly phosphorylated akt/pkb on ser473 in vitro and facilitated thr308 phosphorylation by pdk1" SIGNOR-217008 RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 30889378 t miannu "The RTKs in turn induce phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or the signaling domain of the b4 integrin. These elements recruit distinct subsets of signaling enzymes and adaptors, refining the specificity of individual partner RTKs." SIGNOR-259030 CARS1 protein P49589 UNIPROT Cys-tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29152 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11347887 t miannu "Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the addition of cysteine to its cognate tRNA. Here we report the isolation of a fulllength cDNA that encodes a protein of 748 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence shows considerable similarity to other eukaryotic cysteinyltRNA synthetases in the carboxylterminus. Expression of the fulllength and alternative forms of the enzyme in E. coli generated functional proteins that were active in aminoacylation of human cytoplasmic tRNA with cysteine." SIGNOR-270474 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C14 16603398 t lperfetto "Interestingly, polyubiquitinated rip1 recruits ikk through the binding between the polyubiquitin chains and nemo, a regulatory subunit of the ikk complex. Mutations of nemo that disrupt its polyubiquitin binding also abolish ikk activation." SIGNOR-145858 PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 12144526 t lperfetto "We conclude that ILK may activate smooth-muscle contraction both directly, via phosphorylation of myosin, and indirectly, via phosphorylation and activation of CPI-17 and PHI-1, leading to inhibition of MLCP.|CPI-17 and PHI-1 thiophosphorylated by ILK at Thr(38) or Thr(57) respectively inhibited myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity bound to myosin" SIGNOR-265742 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253440 PKN3 protein Q6P5Z2 UNIPROT ARHGAP18 protein Q8N392 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser156 QKRVETVsQTLRKKN -1 33092266 t lperfetto "We present strong evidence that PKN3-ARHGAP18 interaction is increased upon ARHGAP18 phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation of ARHGAP18 by PKN3 enhances its GAP domain activity and contributes to negative regulation of active RhoA.|These results support our data from phosphoproteomic screen and suggest that ARHGAP18 can be phosphorylated by PKN3 on Thr154, Ser156 and Thr158." SIGNOR-264571 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CASQ2 protein O14958 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser385 DDDDDDNsDEEDNDD -1 1985907 t llicata "Both cardiac and skeletal muscle calsequestrins were phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but cardiac calsequestrin was phosphorylated to a higher stoichiometry and at least 50 times more rapidly. The site of rapid phosphorylation of cardiac calsequestrin was localized to the distinct COOH terminus, where a cluster of three closely spaced serine residues are found (S378DEESN-DDSDDDDE-COOH)." SIGNOR-250834 PPP1R9B protein Q96SB3 UNIPROT SPATA13 protein Q96N96 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19151759 t miannu "Here we show that Asef2, but not Asef, interacts with Neurabin2/Spinophilin, a scaffold protein that binds to Filamentous actin (F-actin). Neurabin2 is required for Asef2-induced filopodia formation. RNA interference experiments showed that Asef2, Neurabin2 and APC are involved in HGF-induced cell migration. Furthermore, knockdown of Neurabin2 resulted in the suppression of Asef2-induced filopodia formation." SIGNOR-269174 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 GGQESQPsPLALLAA 10090 BTO:0000944 11598016 t gcesareni "Mutation of Sp1 Ser59 abrogates the cyclin A€“CDK augmentation of Sp1-dependent transcriptional transactivation" SIGNOR-248232 GTF2F1 protein P35269 UNIPROT TFIIF complex SIGNOR-C394 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 18218714 t lperfetto "Human general transcription factor IIF (TFIIF), a component of the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II), was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and chemical cross-linking. Recombinant TFIIF, composed of an equimolar ratio of alpha and beta subunits, was bacterially expressed, purified to homogeneity, and found to have a transcription activity similar to a natural one in the human in vitro transcription system." SIGNOR-266194 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser172 LCLSPASsGSSASFI 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248511 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser661 SSNDSRSsLIRKRST 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272505 "EIF4E2/GIGYF2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C257 SIGNOR Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000568 22751931 f lperfetto "A Novel 4EHP-GIGYF2 Translational Repressor Complex Is Essential for Mammalian Development|m4EHP and/or GIGYF2 proteins repress translation." SIGNOR-261013 TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR GTF2B protein Q00403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 8990153 t lperfetto "Early in PIC assembly, TFIIA can associate with and stabilize the TFIID–DNA or the TFIIB–TFIID–DNA complexes, allowing them to ward off the deleterious effects of inhibitory negative cofactors and enhance the stimulatory effects of transcriptional activators" SIGNOR-269308 ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10615944 t miannu "Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) inhibits insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase activity and subsequent cellular signaling. PC-1 may inhibit the IR by interacting directly with a specific region in the IR alpha-subunit." SIGNOR-252190 dactolisib chemical CHEBI:71952 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000848 21803746 t "ATP-competitive inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR" gcesareni "The dual pi3k and mtorc1/2 inhibitor bez235 was highly specific" SIGNOR-175706 ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256698 DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 7588595 t "We find that expression of CHOP, a nuclear protein that dimerizes avidly with C/EBP isoforms alpha and beta and directs the resulting heterodimer away from classic C/EBP-binding sites, markedly inhibits this differentiation process." SIGNOR-255913 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ZFP36L1 protein Q07352 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser203 PRLQHSFsFAGFPSA 9606 18326031 t lperfetto "Mk2-mediated inhibition of brf1 requires phosphorylation at s54, s92, and s203. Phosphorylation of brf1 by mk2 does not appear to alter its ability to interact with ares or to associate with mrna decay enzymes. Thus, mk2 inhibits brf1-dependent amd through direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-161270 SRGAP2 protein O75044 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260516 FCER1A protein P12319 UNIPROT FCER1 complex SIGNOR-C200 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000830 16470226 t "Alessandro Palma" "FcepsilonRI is a tetrameric receptor that comprises an alpha-chain, which is responsible for binding IgE, as well as a beta-chain and a disulphide-linked gamma-chain homo dimer, which are responsible for initiating signalling." SIGNOR-254959 HACE1 protein Q8IYU2 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 17694067 t miannu "Mechanistically, the tumor-suppressor function of HACE1 is dependent on its E3 ligase activity and HACE1 controls adhesion-dependent growth and cell cycle progression during cell stress through degradation of cyclin D1." SIGNOR-271405 PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 10090 BTO:0000944 18042541 t gcesareni "Regulation of phosphorylation of Thr-308 of Akt, cell proliferation, and survival by the B55alpha regulatory subunit targeting of the protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme to Akt.|Phosphorylation of Akt at regulatory residues Thr-308 and Ser-473 leads to its full activation. The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has long been known to negatively regulate Akt activity. The PP2A holoenzyme consists of the structural subunit (A), catalytic subunit (C), and a variable regulatory subunit (B)." SIGNOR-252613 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr179 GGPAQDIyQVPPSAG 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246389 COPS3 protein Q9UNS2 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 30631038 t miannu "Our observations characterizing the interaction between CSN3 and the Sos1 HD suggest that this domain not only functions regulating Sos-GEF autoinhibition but is also involved in other functional roles, such as the control of Sos protein stability and homeostasis by modulating the degradation and intracellular levels of Sos1." SIGNOR-256217 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32991581 t brain lperfetto "NFIA binds to and activates the brown-fat-specific enhancers even before differentiation and later facilitates the binding of PPARgamma|NFIA has at least three functions on the transcriptional regulation of brown fat [2]. First, NFIA activates adipogenesis per se, through activating the transcription of Pparg, which encodes PPARgamma. Second, NFIA also activates the brown-fat-specific gene expression (such as Ucp1 and Ppargc1a) independent of the degree of adipocyte differentiation, through facilitating the binding of PPARgamma to the brown-fat-specific enhancers. Third, NFIA represses myogenesis through suppression of myogenic transcription factors such as Myod1 as well as Myog," SIGNOR-263983 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11689553 t lperfetto "Down-regulation of c-Myc is a critical event for growth inhibition induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and is frequently impaired in cancer cells. We determined a Smad-responsive element in the c-mycpromoter." SIGNOR-251493 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser32 VPARRGQsSPPPAPP -1 25501809 t lperfetto "AURKA activity promotes WDR62 spindle localization|We next purified recombinant full-length WDR62 (GST–WDR62-FL) for in vitro kinase assays with active AURKA and demonstrated that WDR62 was a direct phosphorylation target of AURKA|In addition, our quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of in-vitro-phosphorylated WDR62 identified S32 and S33 as significantly phosphorylated in the presence of active AURKA|Alanine replacement of the five putative phosphorylation sites (S32/S33/S49/T50/S52-AAAAA) of WDR62 attenuated interphase microtubule association induced by AURKA coexpression" SIGNOR-271712 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR NOXO1 protein Q8NFA2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser159 SRAAGRLsIHSLEAQ 9606 28336130 t lperfetto "Importantly, the constitutive activity of NoxO1 can be modulated. NoxO1 phosphorylation by PKC at Ser154 doubles its binding ability to NoxA1, which in turn acts as a molecular switch, allowing optimal interaction of NoxO1 with p22phox" SIGNOR-264728 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser556 GLGCRLHsAPNLSDL 9606 SIGNOR-C15 19584320 t gcesareni "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-186637 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 FLISPPAsPPVGWKQ 9606 12809556 t gcesareni "In the present study, dyrk1a is shown to directly interact with and phosphorylate rcan1 at ser112 and thr192 residues. Dyrk1a-mediated phosphorylation of rcan1 at ser112 primes the protein for the gsk3_-mediated phosphorylation of ser108." SIGNOR-102290 (S,S)-asenapine chemical CHEBI:71257 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258568 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser279 KVAERRSsPLLRRKD 10090 15546868 t lperfetto "Mirk activated mef2 not through direct phosphorylation of mef2 but by phosphorylation of its inhibitors, the class ii histone deacetylases (hdacs). Mef2 is sequestered by class ii hdacs such as hdac5 and mef2-interacting transcriptional repressor (mitr). Mirk antagonized the inhibition of mef2c by mitr, whereas kinase-inactive mirk was ineffective. Mirk phosphorylates class ii hdacs at a conserved site within the nuclear localization region, reducing their nuclear accumulation in a dose-dependent and kinase-dependent mannermirk phosphorylates hdac5 at ser-279" SIGNOR-235809 SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270732 FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT HSD3B2 protein P26439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19022561 t miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254877 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 27477906 t lperfetto "Our quantitative ChIP experiments confirmed that ZMYND8 and JARID1D were co-localized at Slug, CD44, VEGFA, and EGFR genes (Figures 4F–4I). Our ChIP results also showed that ZMYND8 repressed and occupied other JARID1D target genes, such as the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP3, that we previously reported" SIGNOR-262039 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000539 15282543 t lperfetto "MAD1 and c-MYC regulate UBF and rDNA transcription during granulocyte differentiation|MAD1 repressed and c-MYC activated rDNA transcription in nuclear run-on assays. Repression of rDNA transcription by MAD1 was associated with its ability to interact directly with the promoter of upstream binding factor (UBF), an rDNA regulatory factor. Conversely, c-MYC activated transcription from the UBF promoter." SIGNOR-269644 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr627 KGDKQVEyLDLDLDS 10090 BTO:0000944 10978177 t "HGab-1 was phosphorylated by IR at eight tyrosine residues (Y242, Y285, Y373, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). t Gab-1 is the major binding partner of PI-3 kinase in 3T3L1 cells when stimulated with insulin" SIGNOR-251316 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257471 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258457 SETD5 protein Q9C0A6 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Lys37 APSTGGVkKPHRYRP -1 31515109 t miannu "SETD5 Exhibits Intrinsic Methyltransferase Activity on H3K36. This assay showed that SETD5 has specific histone methyltransferase activity toward K36 but not for other residues such as K4 and K27 (Figure 8B). we revealed that SETD5 is endowed with H3K36 methyltransferase, which is necessary for RNA elongation and processing and, ultimately, correct gene transcription." SIGNOR-264622 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UBE3C protein Q15386 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271296 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM24 protein O15164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271034 KIF1C protein O43896 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272517 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001130 12163482 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Mapk also directly phosphorylates src-1 at thr1179 and ser1185. Phosphorylation of src-1 by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) is required for optimal progesterone receptor-dependent transcription and for functional cooperation with camp response element-binding protein-binding protein" SIGNOR-270099 MCRS1 protein Q96EZ8 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270844 "Melanotan II" chemical CID:92432 PUBCHEM MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding BTO:0000614 17702843 t lperfetto "Centrally administered melanotan II (MTII), a synthetic melanocortin 3/4-receptor agonist, decreases adiposity beyond that accountable by food intake decreases." SIGNOR-253066 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t "We show that during TCR signaling, the tyrosines Y239, Y240 and Y317 of Shc are the primary sites of tyrosine phosphorylation. CD4/Lck-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation on Shc was markedly diminished when Y317 was mutated, suggesting a preference of Lck for the Y317 site. tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc may play a key role in T lymphocyte proliferation via interaction of phosphorylated Shc with downstream molecules involved in activation of Ras and Myc proteins" SIGNOR-251388 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 22464442 t lperfetto "Overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins including Bcl-XL and/or Bcl-2 contributes to tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy by direct interactions with proapoptotic BH3 proteins. Release of BH3 proteins from antiapoptotic proteins kills some cancer cells and sensitizes others to chemotherapy. Binding of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 to the BH3 proteins Bad, Bid, and the three major isoforms of Bim was measured for fluorescent protein fusions in live cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer." SIGNOR-209675 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr163 TDGSLPStPPPAEEE 9606 12223490 t gcesareni "We found that jnk phosphorylated ser-121 and thr-163 of mcl-1 in response to stimulation with h(2)o(2) and that transfection of unphosphorylatable mcl-1 resulted in an enhanced anti-apoptotic activity in response to stimulation with h(2)o(2). Jnk-dependent phosphorylation and thus inactivation of mcl-1 may be one of the mechanisms through which oxidative stress induces cellular damage." SIGNOR-92597 HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257197 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA5 protein Q9Y5G8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265695 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser102 NPRKYLRsVGDGETV 9606 BTO:0000150 15806160 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of yb-1 at the serine 102 residue is required for transcriptional activation of growth-enhancing genes, such as egfr. Herein, we illustrate that activated akt binds to and phosphorylates the yb-1 cold shock domain at ser102" SIGNOR-252475 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 t apalma "IGF-I binding to its receptor activates the kinase activity of the receptor, which then recruits the insulin response substrate-1, causing activation of phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) to phosphorylate Akt." SIGNOR-255104 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser469 AHEENPEsILDEHVQ 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248497 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 t apalma "Importantly, NF-kB can promote the expression and stability of cyclin D1 in muscle (4, 35, 39, 132), leading to increased cell proliferation and inhibition of differentiation." SIGNOR-255358 ZBED1 protein O96006 UNIPROT RPS10 protein P46783 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 17220279 t Luana "HDRE-like sequences act as positive regulatory elements for RP gene promoter activities in vivo. | Cotransfection of a plasmid expressing hDREF increased luciferase expression directed by each RP gene promoter more than 30% compared with the values obtained without the hDREF-expressing plasmid." SIGNOR-266083 NUP58 protein Q9BVL2 UNIPROT p62_complex complex SIGNOR-C259 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 BTO:0000154 2050741 t Simone "Thus, the p62-p58-p54 complex defines a group of proteins with strong protein-protein interactions that form a unit of pore structure essential for pore function." SIGNOR-261260 HACD proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF86 SIGNOR "very long-chain (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:85440 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18554507 t miannu "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases.We also established that the HACD proteins interact with ELOVL proteins. Our analyses have completed the identification of mammalian enzymes responsible for the entire VLCFA elongation cycle." SIGNOR-267917 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys64 RAGCCLGkAVRGAKG 9606 12408818 t gcesareni "Here we present evidence that smad7 interacts with the transcriptional coactivator p300, resulting in acetylation of smad7 on two lysine residues in its n terminus. Acetylation or mutation of these lysine residues stabilizes smad7 and protects it from tgfbeta-induced degradation. we have recently shown that smad7 is acetylated on lysine residues 64 and 70 by p300" SIGNOR-95165 EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257053 "perfluorohexanesulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:132448 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268766 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr759 LYDVSRMyVDPSEIN -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249384 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 14701738 t miannu "Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels by Gem requires GTP and calmodulin binding, but not phosphorylation of serine 261 or 289. Calmodulin binding in the C-terminal extension of Gem is required for maximal inhibition of HVA Ca2+ channels by ectopically expressed Gem, as determined by measurement of electrical activity in primary neurons and by Ca2+-evoked secretion in PC12 cells." SIGNOR-261726 DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 33627125 t miannu "DDX3X enhances transcription by interacting with transcription factors to promote their binding to the promoter of the target gene. The best characterized mechanism is its cooperation with the transcription factor SP1. The downstream genes of DDX3X-SP1-mediated transactivation include P21, KRAS, and MDM2" SIGNOR-269195 KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272524 KIF18B protein Q86Y91 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272525 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 26470845 t lperfetto "Tumor suppressor ASXL1 is essential for the activation of INK4B expression in response to oncogene activity and anti-proliferative signals" SIGNOR-241759 CITED2 protein Q99967 UNIPROT MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003859 12960175 f miannu "CITED2 plays a major role in shear-induced down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-13 via a transforming growth factor-beta-dependent pathway." SIGNOR-253778 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR KLHL3 protein Q9UH77 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser433 PMNTRRSsVGVGVVE -1 26435498 t done miannu "Consistent with the fact that S433 is a component of Akt and PKA phosphorylation motifs, in vitro kinase assay demonstrated that Akt and PKA can phosphorylate KLHL3 at S433, that was previously reported to be phosphorylated by PKC. " SIGNOR-273824 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258377 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT SMAD3/PIAS3 complex SIGNOR-C204 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26194464 t mrosina "In summary, the TGF-b/IL-6/TCR-pERK-Smad2L (Ser255) axis is the positive regulator, whereas unphosphorylated Smad3C-PIAS3 complex is the negative regulator of STAT3-induced transcriptional processes for TH17 differentiation" SIGNOR-255034 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000149 12954634 t miannu "Ncoa-1/src-1 is an essential coactivator of stat5 that binds to the fdl motif in the alpha-helical region of the stat5 transactivation domain." SIGNOR-100261 flutamide chemical CHEBI:5132 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 18571420 t Luana "Among the compounds obtained, N-[4-[(benzyl)(4-nitrophenyl)amino]-1-methylpyrrole-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidine (22) is as potent an AR antagonist as the typical anilide-type AR antagonists hydroxyflutamide and bicalutamide. " SIGNOR-257807 NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "Neurofilament L/M" complex SIGNOR-C207 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19468066 t miannu "Neurofilaments are obligate heteropolymers that are minimally comprised of the low molecular neurofilament protein L (NFL) plus the medium and/or high molecular weight proteins neurofilament protein M (NFM) and neurofilament protein H" SIGNOR-255270 N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine chemical CHEBI:92386 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258922 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser645 LNEKARLsYSDKNLI 9606 15731106 t gcesareni "Taken together, our results demonstrate that serine 643 of pkc-delta is a major autophosphorylation site, and phosphorylation of this site plays an important role in controlling its enzymatic activity and biological function. The enzymatic activity of pkc-deltas643a mutant as measured by phosphorylating the pkc-delta pseudosubstrate region-derived substrate was also reduced more than 70% in comparison to that of pkc-deltawt." SIGNOR-134207 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT ITGB5 protein P18084 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser762 AKFQSERsRARYEMA 9606 20507994 t llicata "Pak4 specifically phosphorylated the integrin beta5 subunit at ser-759 and ser-762 within the beta5-sers-motif. Point mutation of these two serine residues abolished the pak4-induced cell migration, indicating a functional role for these phosphorylations in migration." SIGNOR-165706 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 AHSIHQRsRKRLSQD 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t esanto "Pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation. The use of p47phox mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc?, ???, And ?." SIGNOR-89225 Jervine chemical CHEBI:6088 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000527 21679342 t gcesareni "Cyclopamine (c27h41no2) and jervine (c27h39no3) were discovered and in particular, a series of studies with the hh pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, has brought about this expectation. cyclopamine suppresses the hh signaling pathway through direct interaction with smo." SIGNOR-174420 PCSK1 protein P29120 UNIPROT Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 24631756 t lperfetto "POMC is post-translationally cleaved by prohormone convertase enzymes 1 and 2 (PC1, PC2) into ACTH, an N-terminal glycopeptide" SIGNOR-268724 CDKN3 protein Q16667 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr160 GVPVRTYtHEVVTLW 9606 11463386 t "The CDK-interacting protein phosphatase KAP dephosphorylates phosphoThr-160 (pThr-160) of the CDK2 activation segment, the site of regulatory phosphorylation that is essential for kinase activity." SIGNOR-248724 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NES protein P48681 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1299 GETLPDStPLGFYLR 10090 12832492 t llicata "We identify nestin as a novel in vivo target for cdk5 and p35 kinase, a critical signaling determinant in development. Two cdk5-specific phosphorylation sites on nestin, Thr-1495 and Thr-316, were established, the latter of which was used as a marker for cdk5-specific phosphorylation in vivo. | Cdk5 activity is necessary for differentiation and the concomitant nestin reorganization in C2C12 myoblasts." SIGNOR-250669 lovastatin chemical CHEBI:40303 ChEBI HMGCR protein P04035 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 6933445 t miannu "Mevinolin: a highly potent competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and a cholesterol-lowering agent." SIGNOR-258403 MPP5 protein Q8N3R9 UNIPROT AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24366813 t lperfetto "To gain a more detailed view on the organization of this cell polarity network linked to yap1 we included several proteins of the cell junction complex (amot, mpp5, lin7a)," SIGNOR-203494 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu46 TRANSFLeEMKKGHL -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263664 PRKAR2A protein P13861 UNIPROT PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258757 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t gcesareni "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-252067 NMUR1 protein Q9HB89 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256751 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT SERPINB5 protein P36952 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001570 18247378 t miannu "We found that maspin is selectively upregulated in IFIXα-expressing cells and involved in anti-invasive activity of IFIXα. We also present evidence indicating that IFIXα downregulates histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which is possibly involved in the silencing of the maspin gene in human breast cancer cells. To confirm these results, we performed a luciferase assay using a maspin-promoter-luciferase plasmid. The results showed that HDAC1 overexpression suppressed the activity of the maspin promoter (Figure 3C). Therefore, our results suggest that IFIXα enhances maspin expression through the downregulation of HDAC1." SIGNOR-268494 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser100 HLSGRKLsLQERSQG 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Pka phosphorylates ser-100, ser-495, and ser-511the camp/pka pathway can inhibit camkk2 activity" SIGNOR-198146 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0003918 19917720 t lperfetto "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1-Mediated Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 Phosphorylation Acts as a Functional Link Coupling Mitotic Arrest and Apoptosis|These findings suggest a model whereby a switch in the duration of CDK1 activation, from transient during mitosis to sustained during mitotic arrest, dramatically increases the extent of Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 phosphorylation, resulting in inactivation of their antiapoptotic function. Thus, phosphorylation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins acts as a sensor for CDK1 signal duration and as a functional link coupling mitotic arrest to apoptosis." SIGNOR-267986 UMPS protein P11172 UNIPROT "orotidine 5'-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57538 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18020427 t miannu "Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase, EC 2.4.2.10) catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent condensation of orotic acid (OA) with PRPP (5-alpha-d-phosphorylribose 1-diphosphate) to yield diphosphate (PPi) and the nucleotide OMP (orotidine 5'-monophosphate)." SIGNOR-253581 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser497 GSLCSVFsPSFVQWE 9606 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262982 CEP72 protein Q9P209 UNIPROT CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 26297806 t lperfetto "By bringing CDK5RAP2 to the centrosome, the centriolar satellite proteins CEP72 and SPAG5 are required for the centrosomal localization of the other three MCPH proteins despite not interacting with them biochemically." SIGNOR-271720 fludrocortisone chemical CHEBI:50885 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258706 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr853 HLGRVLGyGAFGKVV 9606 20431062 t lperfetto "Vegfr-3 is a direct c-src target and mass spectrometry analysis identified the sites phosphorylated by c-src as tyrosine 830, 833, 853, 1063, 1333, and 1337 vegfr-3 phosphorylation activates the recruitment to the receptor of the adaptor proteins crki/ii and shc inducing activation of jnk." SIGNOR-165055 GTF2E1 protein P29083 UNIPROT TFIIE complex SIGNOR-C458 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31064989 t lperfetto "The heterodimer TFIIE (composed of the TFIIEα and TFIIEβ subunits) seems to play a pivotal role in transcription by directly influencing the transition from initiation to elongation3,4. TFIIE interacts with different factors within the PIC, including Pol II5,6 as well as with DNA immediately upstream of the transcription bubble region7,8. Furthermore, TFIIE seems to influence TFIIH activity9, although it is not clear how this molecular process can occur." SIGNOR-269360 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 20724475 t lperfetto "ERK activation was sufficient for the SOS1 phosphorylation and resulting inhibition of EGF-induced Ras activation. This result also showed that SOS1 could be phosphorylated by ERK in the absence of association with EGFR at the plasma membrane, which is a phosphotyrosine-dependent process." SIGNOR-244591 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 LSPIDMEsQERIKAE 9606 1516134 t lperfetto "Casein kinase ii is a negative regulator of c-jun dna binding and ap-1 activitywe show that two of these sites, thr-231 and ser-249, are phosphorylated by casein kinase ii (ckii)." SIGNOR-19603 HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT FLCN protein Q8NFG4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t miannu "Heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) is an essential molecular chaperone in eukaryotes involved in maintaining the stability and activity of numerous signalling proteins, also known as clients. Hsp90 ATPase activity is essential for its chaperone function and it is regulated by co-chaperones. Here we show that the tumour suppressor FLCN is an Hsp90 client protein and its binding partners FNIP1/FNIP2 function as co-chaperones. FNIPs decelerate the chaperone cycle, facilitating FLCN interaction with Hsp90, consequently ensuring FLCN stability." SIGNOR-261418 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr605 KDLVSCAyQVARGME 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Fgfr signaling is under the control of tyrosine phosphorylation to elicit activation of cellular signaling cascades. Ligand binding induces receptor dimerization and transphosphorylation. Fgfr1 contains eleven tyrosine residues (tyr154, tyr280, tyr307, tyr463, tyr585, tyr605, tyr653, tyr654, tyr730 and tyr766), some of which are directly involved regulating the activity of the receptor and others bind to activate substrates leading to the activation of various transduction pathways." SIGNOR-98634 ZFPM1 protein Q8IX07 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21853041 t miannu "GATA-2 induces the expression of GATA-1, which first activates its cofactor FOG-1, and then downregulates GATA-2 cooperatively with FOG-1." SIGNOR-256061 FAM13B protein Q9NYF5 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260504 DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 18940792 f miannu "C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) interacts with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and negatively regulates the stress-dependent induction of the asparagine synthetase gene." SIGNOR-253837 JQ1 chemical CHEBI:137113 ChEBI BRD3 protein Q15059 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20871596 t lperfetto "Enantiomerically pure (+)-JQ1 bound with a Kd of about 50 nM and 90 nM to the first and second bromodomains of BRD4, respectively (Fig. 1c, Supplementary Table 3). Comparable binding to both domains of BRD3 was observed, whereas the first bromodomains of BRDT and BRD2 revealed about 3-fold weaker binding.|Here, we present a first, thoroughly characterized inhibitor of the BET-family of bromodomains." SIGNOR-261988 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16151013 t "Nuclear p53" lperfetto "Bid is a p53 primary-response gene." SIGNOR-140248 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser137 QHSSPAVsDSLPSNS 9606 BTO:0000671 12628002 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (erk5) by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (mkk5)activated erk5 also phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (mkk5) extensively at ser(129), ser(137), ser(142) and ser(149)" SIGNOR-99131 Flesinoxan chemical CID:57347 PUBCHEM HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Several compounds proposed as ‘atypical’ antipsychoticagents were found to exhibit agonist activity at 5-HT1A EC values were greater than the respective Kvalues50i .21.8""5.8-fold difference,ns10 and a high degree of correlation was observed. All the compounds displayed high or marked bind-ing affinity at CHO-h5-HT1A receptors except for olanzapine, which exhibited a micromolar Kvalue at h5-HTi1A receptors (table3)." SIGNOR-258950 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ 9606 BTO:0000938 9771888 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" gcesareni "Tau is phosphorylated by gsk-3 at several sites found in alzheimer disease and its biological activity markedly inhibited only after it is prephosphorylated by a-kinase." SIGNOR-60659 DPYD protein Q12882 UNIPROT 5-fluorouracil chemical CHEBI:46345 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10499634 t miannu "Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is responsible for degradation of the pyrimidines uracil and thymine and the inactivation of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. DPD activity is highly variable in cancer populations, and this variation may influence the antitumor efficacy of 5-fluorouracil." SIGNOR-253987 NUP43 protein Q8NFH3 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262087 UPF3B protein Q9BZI7 UNIPROT Upf-EJC complex SIGNOR-C367 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17803942 t miannu "The three Up-frameshift (Upf) proteins, Upf1, Upf2, and Upf3 that together form the Upf complex, constitute the conserved core of NMD from yeast to humans. hUpf3b Forms Multiple Contacts with the EJC and Depends on hUpf2 for Complex Formation with hUpf1" SIGNOR-265236 SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 11498022 t lperfetto "APS couples c-Cbl to the insulin receptor, resulting in ubiquitination of the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-109694 PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257203 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser42 GGRKRRSsRRSAGGG 9606 20400976 t llicata "Moreover, phosphorylation of twist-1 at ser42 was shown in vivo in various human cancer tissues, suggesting that this post-translational modification ensures functional activation of twist-1 after promotion of survival during carcinogenesis." SIGNOR-164884 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 KRRLRKNsSRDSGRG 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0001253 18296647 t gcesareni "Both akt and p70(s6k) phosphorylate pdcd4, allowing for binding of the e3-ubiquitin ligase beta-trcp and consequently ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-160989 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21078818 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated lrp5/6 leads to inhibition of the so-called beta-catenin destruction complex (which includes axin, gsk3, dvl, ck1, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli), resulting in the stabilization and translocation of beta-catenin in the nucleus, where it activates target genes through binding to tcf/lef transcription factors." SIGNOR-169632 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 HNPISSVs 9606 9335504 t llicata "The c terminus of smad1, which is phosphorylated directly by the bmp type i receptor at the ssvs sequence in contrast to the bmp-stimulated phosphorylation of smad1, which affects carboxy-terminal serines and induces nuclear accumulation of smad1, erk-mediated phosphorylation specifically inhibits the nuclear accumulation of smad1." SIGNOR-52670 RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002552 12024041 f Luana "RASSF1A expression dramatically inhibits native cyclin D1 accumulation | Regulation of cyclin D1 accumulation by RASSF1A is independent of the cyclin D1 promoter and likely occurs through inhibition of mRNA translation." SIGNOR-259455 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11101851 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Maml1 binds to the ankyrin repeat domain of all four mammalian notch receptors, forms a dna-binding complex with icn and rbp-jkappa, and amplifies notch-induced transcription of hes4" SIGNOR-269934 sabcomeline chemical CHEBI:134846 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 9399977 t miannu "SB 202026 (R-(Z)-(+)-alpha-(methoxyimino)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2] octane-3-acetonitrile) displaced [3H]-oxotremorine-M from muscarinic receptors in the rat brain with high affinity (IC50 = 14 nM), a potency similar to that of oxotremorine-M itself (IC50 = 13 nM), but exhibited low affinity for cholinergic nicotinic receptors and other neuroreceptors. In studies using cloned human muscarinic receptors, SB 202026 possessed approximately equal affinity in displacing [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate from all muscarinic receptor subtypes" SIGNOR-258678 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT MADCAM1 protein Q13477 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000584 17312387 f "In contrast, BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others. In conclusion, BTF3 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it acts as a transcriptional regulator rather than a direct modulator of apoptosis." SIGNOR-253945 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12809513 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "We concluded that serine 142 of the tr dbd is the likely site of phosphorylation by t(4)-activated mapk and that the docking site on tr for activated mapk includes residues 128-133 (kgffrr), a basic amino acid-enriched motif novel for mapk substrates. Tr mutations in the proposed mapk docking domain and at residue 142 modulated t(4)-conditioned shedding of co-repressor and recruitment of co-activator proteins by the receptor, and they altered transcriptional activity of tr in a thyroid hormone response element-luciferase reporter assay." SIGNOR-270143 VCAM1 protein P19320 UNIPROT "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253241 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser255 HATSGALsPAKDCGS 9606 BTO:0000007 12637502 t miannu "Activated BMK1 selectively phosphorylates Cx43 on Ser-255 in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that BMK1 kinase activity alone is both a necessary and sufficient component in the mediation of EGF-induced Cx43 Ser-255 phosphorylation and subsequent inhibition of GJC." SIGNOR-250115 PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser8 MWNSGFEsYGSSSYG 9606 20016603 t gcesareni "Pias1 and pias4 promote brca1 accumulation and sumoylation, rpa phosphorylation, and dsb repair furthermore, phosphorylation of the 34 kda subunit of rpa on ser-4 and ser-8 (ps4/ps8) in response to ir or camptothecin treatment was diminished by pias4 depletion, while pias1 depletion impaired ir-induced but not camptothecin-induced rpa phosphorylation" SIGNOR-162164 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR RANGAP1 protein P46060 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr409 GQGEKSAtPSRKILD 9606 15037602 t lperfetto "Here, we show that rangap1 is phosphorylated on residues t409, s428, and s442. Phosphorylation occurs before nuclear envelope breakdown and is maintained throughout mitosis. The m-phase kinase cyclin b/cdk1 phosphorylates rangap1 efficiently in vitro, and t409 phosphorylation correlates with nuclear accumulation of cyclin b1 in vivo." SIGNOR-216789 PIM3 protein Q86V86 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t miannu "Pim kinases phosphorylate multiple sites on Bad and promote 14-3-3 binding and dissociation from Bcl-XL. pim kinases are constitutively active when expressed in HEK-293 cells and are able to phosphorylate the Bcl-2 family member Bad on three residues, Ser112, Ser136 and Ser155 in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-250399 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000848 18246127 t lperfetto "To understand the mechanisms underlying B-RAF effects on cell survival we initially analysed the Bcl-2 family protein, Bad, that is phosphorylated by RSK1 at the inhibitory serine-75 residue in a MEK-dependent manner in melanoma cells" SIGNOR-252784 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser310 LDVQRVPsFESFEDD 9606 19182667 t lperfetto "Camkii caused ets-2 phosphorylation.Serine 246, 310, and 313 were the targets. Camkii to phosphorylates ets-2, thus altering ets-2 binding to its downstream promoters" SIGNOR-183600 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr356 DSFETQRtPRKSNLD -1 9139732 t llicata "In summary, we have shown evidence that CDK4-cyclin D1 phosphorylates Thr5, Ser249, Thr252, Thr356, Thr373, Ser788, Ser795, Ser807, Ser811, and Thr826 of pRB." SIGNOR-250760 RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser435 EMFSGELsWSADSIR 9606 22412986 t lperfetto "Activation of interferon regulatory factor 5 by site specific phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of carboxyl serines 451 and 462 appear the primary trigger of irf5 function in nuclear accumulation, transcription, and apoptosis. Rip2 activation of the irf5 aspartic acid substitutions showed a similar positive effect of s451d and s462d function in this assay" SIGNOR-196520 SSTR5 protein P35346 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256833 "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR 43S_pre_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C453 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269160 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT MGMT protein P16455 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 15657354 f "Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of methyl-CpG binding domain containing proteins detected a greater amount of MeCP2, MBD1, and CAF-1 bound to the MGMT promoter in MGMT-silenced cells. Our findings implicate specific MBD proteins in methylation-mediated transcriptional silencing of MGMT." SIGNOR-254035 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10116 19020771 f Giorgia "In our current study, we have shown that after LPS-stimulation, MFG-E8-mediated apoptotic cell phagocytosis suppresses various ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and NFκB activation, resulting in a lower TNF-α release. We also explored whether MFG-E8 helps to suppress the proinflammatory pathway within RPMs. We hence incubated the macrophages with apoptotic cells and stimulated them with LPS and examined the activation of MAP kinase and NFkB pathways after the exogenous addition of recombinant MFG-E8 (rMFG-E8). While apoptotic cells alone had no effect on these pathways, the addition of rMFG-E8 to apoptotic cells prior to phagocytosis and LPS stimulation had a marked suppressive effect on all of the investigated pathways, particularly on the p38 and NFκB pathways that play a key role in the cytokine response of macrophages" SIGNOR-260651 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT REL protein Q04864 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C68 16888014 t miannu "The present results demonstrate that ikkepsilon- and tbk1-mediated phosphorylation of crel in the c-terminal td leads to cytoplasmic dissociation of a crel-ikb_ complex and nuclear accumulation of crel." SIGNOR-148623 SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT CD82 protein P27701 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002058 20501643 f miannu "When Spry4 was stably transfected into H157 and H2122 NSCLC cell lines, decreased migration and invasion were observed. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was decreased, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP1 and CD82 were increased. Stable expression of Spry4 led to reduced cell growth and reduced anchorage-independent growth in NSCLC cell lines, along with upregulation of tumor suppressors p53 and p21." SIGNOR-253039 MAGEL2 protein Q9UJ55 UNIPROT TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23452853 t miannu "MAGE proteins are a family of proteins that contain a conserved domain known as the MAGE homology domain. Recently, we showed that MAGE proteins function biochemically to bind to and enhance the activity of E3 RING ubiquitin ligases. The E3 RING ubiquitin ligase TRIM27 was identified as a major binding partner of MAGE-L2." SIGNOR-253513 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser639 DEICIAGsPLTPRRV 9606 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104679 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1443 DKMKKSKsVKEDSNL 9606 21349850 t gcesareni "Using a mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that egf induces phosphorylation of iqgap1 ser(1443), a residue known to be phosphorylated by pkcthe nonphosphorylatable iqgap1 s1441a/s1443a had no effect. In contrast, the s1441e/s1443d mutation markedly enhanced the ability of iqgap1 to induce neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-172239 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr730 SNCTNELyMMMRDCW 10116 19224897 t lperfetto "Furthermore, under conditions in which wild-type or mutant FGFR1 are overexpressed, Y463, Y583, Y585, and Y730 are dispensable for tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) response, and stimulation of FGFR1-mediated cell proliferation and differentiation" SIGNOR-236191 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr170 GSPNRAYtHQVVTRW -1 11113184 t lperfetto "Activating phosphorylation of CDK7 by CDC2 and CDK2. The ability of pure CDK2-cyclin A to activate CDK7 in T170-dependent fashion (Fig. ​(Fig.3C,3C, lane 2) strongly suggested a direct phosphorylation mechanism. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping confirmed that both CDK2-cyclin A (Fig. ​(Fig.4A)4A) and CDC2-cyclin B (Fig. ​(Fig.4D)4D) phosphorylated CDK7 on both S164 and T170." SIGNOR-270806 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257399 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KCNQ2 protein O43526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser558 SKRKFKEsLRPYDVM 10029 BTO:0000246 12754513 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of KCNQ2 channels was increased by muscarinic stimulation; this was prevented either by coexpression with AKAP(DeltaA) or pretreatment with PKC inhibitors that compete with diacylglycerol. These inhibitors also reduced muscarinic inhibition of M-current. | These results suggest that Ser534 and 541 are key sites for PKC phosphorylation, although we have not ruled out the possibility that other PKC sites are involved in this process." SIGNOR-249210 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 8052307 t lperfetto "In vivo, dominant negative ras mutant n17 inhibits growth factor induced production of 3' phosphorylated phosphoinositides in pc12 cells, and transfection of ras, but not raf, into cos cells results in a large elevation in the level of these lipids. Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85. it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner. lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-236443 RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21808241 t "Mst1/2 are pro-apoptotic kinases that are activated by caspase cleavage" milica "Mst1/2 is also activated by binding to Ras association domain family (RASSF) proteins, possibly owing to alteration of Mst1/2 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-175790 GRM4 protein Q14833 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264352 WNT9B protein O14905 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20093360 t gcesareni "We find that wnt9b binds to a different part of the lrp6 extracellular domain" SIGNOR-163552 PAFAH1B2 protein P68402 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23238734 f miannu "We provide evidence that the loss of pafah1b2 potently reduces a_ by promoting the degradation of its immediate precursor, the _ctf." SIGNOR-200188 DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257096 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000938 9346240 t lperfetto "Experiments in this study reveal that akt phosphorylates bad both in vitro and in vivo and that akt-mediated phosphorylation of bad effectively blocks bad induced cell death.[...] In addition, these findings implicate a particular phosphorylation site on bad, serine 136, in the suppression of bad-mediated death by akt.[...]The Phosphorylation of bad may lead to the prevention of cell death via a mechanism that involves the selective association of the phosphorylated forms of bad with 14-3-3 protein isoforms. Akt phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo we show that growth factor activation of the pi3'k/akt signaling pathway culminates in the phosphorylation of the bcl-2 family member bad, thereby suppressing apoptosis and promoting cell survival. Akt phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo erbb-mediated phosphorylation of bad by akt promotes survival by blocking the interaction of this pro-apoptotic molecule with bcl-2 and bcl-x proteins" SIGNOR-244144 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270752 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 21071439 t lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-217577 DERA protein Q9Y315 UNIPROT acetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:15343 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25229427 t miannu "Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.4), which converts 2-deoxy-d-ribose-5-phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetaldehyde, belongs to the core metabolism of living organisms. his study provides the first experimental evidence that DERA, which is mainly expressed in lung, liver and colon, is the human deoxyribose phosphate aldolase." SIGNOR-267099 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SPAG5 protein Q96R06 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr111 PIPQISStPKTSEEA 9606 18055457 t lperfetto "Astrin acts as a substrate for gsk3beta and is phosphorylated at thr-111, thr-937 ((s/t)p motif) and ser-974/thr-978 ((s/t)xxx(s/t)-p motif;p is a phosphorylatable residue). Inhibition of gsk3beta impairs spindle and kinetochore accumulation of astrin and spindle formation at mitosis, suggesting that astrin association with the spindle microtubule and kinetochore may be dependent on phosphorylation by gsk3beta" SIGNOR-159578 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr378 ESQAGSDtDVEEGKA 9606 18678890 t gcesareni "The mdc1-nbs1 interaction occurs through a specific region (residues 200-420) of mdc1, which contains multiple consensus casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-179887 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT BAG4 protein O95429 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 18413740 f lperfetto "In contrast, an increase in BAG-1, BAG-3, and BAG-4 gene expression was observed in HCT116 cells overexpressing either DNMT1 (DNMT1+) or DNMT3B (DNMT3B+)" SIGNOR-254113 MLNR protein O43193 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257132 UQCR10 protein Q9UDW1 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262199 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CORO1C protein Q9ULV4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser463 CNQDERIsKLEQQMA 9606 22355754 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that crn2 is a binding partner and substrate of protein kinase ck2, which phosphorylates crn2 at s463 in its c-terminal coiled coil domain" SIGNOR-196193 phenylalanine smallmolecule CHEBI:28044 ChEBI tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "L-phenylalanine is converted into L-tyrosine in the liver, by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PH) in the presence of oxygen, iron, and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors" SIGNOR-264172 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257427 ITGAL protein P20701 UNIPROT "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253189 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 16571352 f lperfetto "The basal expression of Gli1, Ptc1, and Hip1 was positively associated with the loss of Gli3 alleles.These findings implicate Gli3 as a repressor of Hh target gene expression." SIGNOR-209638 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr366 ASSSTSVtPDVSDNE 9606 16107342 t lperfetto "Gsk3beta Phosphorylates pten at thr-366 in intact cells phosphorylation of pten at thr-366 reduces the activity of pten in cells" SIGNOR-236641 NEUROG3 protein Q9Y4Z2 UNIPROT INSM1 protein Q01101 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 17300785 f miannu "The ngn3/E47 heterodimer selectively binds and activates the E-box3 of the INSM1 promoter. The endogenous ngn3 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) co-activator occupy the INSM1 promoter, resulting in hyper-acetylation of histone H3/H4 chromatin in a human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32." SIGNOR-253814 CSDE1 protein O75534 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 15314026 t "By testing different classes of mammalian poly(A) nucleases, we identified CCR4 as a poly(A) nuclease involved in the mCRD-mediated rapid deadenylation in viv" SIGNOR-261145 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser330 GGLCDLSsRY 9606 12639913 t gcesareni "Mutagenesis studies revealed that Thr312 and Ser329/330 in the C-terminal tail are potential sites for PKA and GRK phosphorylation and may play an essential role in the recruitment of beta-arrestin to the activated receptor." SIGNOR-249673 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser93 RVPKDRPsLTVTPKR 9606 BTO:0000567 21658950 t miannu "Here, we show that Aurora B phosphorylates Haspin to promote generation of H3T3ph and that Aurora B kinase activity is required for normal chromosomal localization of the CPC, indicating an intimate linkage between Aurora B and Haspin functions in mitosis." SIGNOR-263139 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser163 KRFSFKKsFKLSGFS 9534 BTO:0000298 8557118 t lperfetto "PRK1 phosphorylates MARCKS at the PKC sites: serine 152, serine 156 and serine 163." SIGNOR-248938 XRCC6 protein P12956 UNIPROT DNA-PK complex SIGNOR-C107 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002419 17308091 t miannu "complexes formed by interactions between Ku70, Ku80, and DNA-PKcs were well-established" SIGNOR-226023 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 35217626 t SaraGualdi "Our transcriptomic profiling in AML further identified Kdm5b (also known as Jarid1b, Plu-1, or RBP2-H1), a multifunctional demethylase that can remove histone H3 lysine 4 tri/di-methylation (H3K4me3/2), to be a critical downstream target repressed by PRC2." SIGNOR-271577 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CACNA1S protein Q13698 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1575 PEICRTVsGDLAAEE -1 20937870 t miannu "To identify the regulatory sites of phosphorylation under physiologically relevant conditions, Ca(V)1.1 channels were purified from skeletal muscle and sites of phosphorylation on the α1 subunit were identified by mass spectrometry. Two phosphorylation sites were identified in the proximal C-terminal domain, serine 1575 (S1575) and threonine 1579 (T1579), which are conserved in cardiac Ca(V)1.2 channels (S1700 and T1704, respectively). In vitro phosphorylation revealed that Ca(V)1.1-S1575 is a substrate for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, whereas Ca(V)1.1-T1579 is a substrate for casein kinase 2." SIGNOR-263115 BOC protein Q9BWV1 UNIPROT CDON/BOC/PTCH1 complex SIGNOR-C95 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 21664576 t lperfetto "Secreted Hedgehog (HH) ligands signal through the canonical receptor Patched (PTCH1). However, recent studies implicate three additional HH-binding, cell-surface proteins, GAS1, CDO, and BOC, as putative coreceptors for HH ligands." SIGNOR-209599 SEPTIN2 protein Q15019 UNIPROT SEPT6/SEPT2 complex SIGNOR-C71 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16914550 t miannu "We have characterized the conformation of a complex of filamentous human septins, sept2, sept6, and sept7. / we now show that sept6 and sept7 interact through a parallel coiled-coil, and that sept2 interacts with sept6 through their c-terminal domains." SIGNOR-148889 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002524 17298674 t miannu "Cdk2 (S384) and GSK3 (T380) prime cyclin E for destruction. The hyper-phosphorylated T380/S384 degron has high affinity for monomeric Fbw7α, which engages the remainder of the SCF to initiate cyclin E's ubiquitination by an E2 enzyme" SIGNOR-271639 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19643666 t lperfetto "Expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 is regulated primarily by activation of STAT1 and STAT3, respectively, although their expression can be mediated through other signaling cascades, including the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathways." SIGNOR-249566 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr692 QAAYYGQtPGPGGPQ 10090 BTO:0000165 16364914 t lperfetto "KSRP, an important factor for AU-rich element (ARE)-directed mRNA decay, undergoes p38-dependent phosphorylation during muscle differentiation. KSRP phosphorylated by p38 displays compromised binding to ARE-containing transcripts and fails to promote their rapid decay, although it retains the ability to interact with the mRNA degradation machinery" SIGNOR-235856 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT WDHD1 protein O75717 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr826 KAAELTAtQVEEEEE 9606 BTO:0001109 26082189 t miannu "And-1 is phosphorylated at T826 by ATR following replication stress, and this phosphorylation is required for And-1 to accumulate at the damage sites, where And-1 promotes the interaction between Claspin and Chk1, thereby stimulating efficient Chk1 activation by ATR." SIGNOR-262664 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRNB3 protein Q05901 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 28901280 t miannu "Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to a super-family of Cysloop ligand-gated ion channels that respond to endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) or other cholinergic ligands. These receptors are also the targets of drugs such as nicotine (the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke) and are involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes." SIGNOR-264258 JAG2 protein Q9Y219 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10958687 t gcesareni "Binding of delta1, jagged1, and jagged2 to notch2 rapidly induces cleavage, nuclear translocation, and hyperphosphorylation of notch2" SIGNOR-81367 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 ISYDIPPtPGNTYQI 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249399 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SPAG5 protein Q96R06 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr937 ADEEPEStPVPLLGS 9606 18055457 t lperfetto "Astrin acts as a substrate for gsk3beta and is phosphorylated at thr-111, thr-937 ((s/t)p motif) and ser-974/thr-978 ((s/t)xxx(s/t)-p motif;p is a phosphorylatable residue). Inhibition of gsk3beta impairs spindle and kinetochore accumulation of astrin and spindle formation at mitosis, suggesting that astrin association with the spindle microtubule and kinetochore may be dependent on phosphorylation by gsk3beta" SIGNOR-159582 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT ATP7B protein P35670 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser481 ILAKSPQsTRAVAPQ 9606 BTO:0000599 21189263 t lperfetto "ATP7B trafficking was markedly reduced by the Ser-478/481/1121/1453 to Ala mutation. We conclude that PKD plays a key role in copper-dependent serine phosphorylation, permitting high levels of ATP7B protein expression and trafficking." SIGNOR-272293 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251635 SLC25A13 protein Q9UJS0 UNIPROT "aspartic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:22660 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12084073 t miannu "Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane." SIGNOR-265157 farnesol chemical CHEBI:28600 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258159 DUSP7 protein Q16829 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12907755 t gcesareni "Identification of protein tyrosine phosphatases with specificity for the ligand-activated growth hormone receptor." SIGNOR-104545 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22848740 t miannu "We show that FOXO3 is an immediate early glucocorticoid receptor (GR) target, whose transcription is even further enhanced by conditions that mimic metabolic stress." SIGNOR-255759 ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT miR-146a mirna URS000075D8A0_9606 RNAcentral "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22327366 t "In endothelial cells. KLF2 binds to the promoter and induces a signi cant upregulation of the miR-143/145 cluster" SIGNOR-255941 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr581 PDNQPLKtPCFTLHY 9606 18267068 t lperfetto "Together, our in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the pkc/c-raf/mek/erk pathway plays a major role in the s6k1 activation in hypertrophic cardiac growth." SIGNOR-249573 GEMIN7 protein Q9H840 UNIPROT "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12065586 t lperfetto "SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex that also contains Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6. The SMN complex functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and probably other ribonucleoprotein particles. We have identified a novel protein component of the SMN complex termed Gemin7 using native purified SMN complexes and peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-253121 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 7509796 t "Tyrosine residue 719 of the c-kit receptor is essential for binding of the P85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and for c-kit-associated PI 3-kinase activity in COS-1 cells" SIGNOR-255948 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr280 FSPTPGFtPTLGFSP -1 11606045 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of murine CD120a by p42(mapk/erk2) has been shown to inhibit its ability to initiate apoptosis while preserving signaling events such as NF-kappaB activation.|Additionally, we demonstrated that (i) the p42(mapk/erk2)-dependent phosphorylation of CD120a and DR3 occurred on Ser and Thr residues, (ii) p42(mapk/erk2) phosphorylated residues located in the membrane proximal regions but not the death domains of CD120a and DR3, (iii) Ser 253 is a preferred site of phosphorylation on CD120a" SIGNOR-249453 AFAP1L2 protein Q8N4X5 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19060924 t miannu "RET/PTC induced robust tyrosine phosphorylation of XB130, which promoted its subsequent association with the p85alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). We identified tyrosine 54 of XB130 as the major target of RET/PTC-mediated phosphorylation and a critical binding site for the SH2 domains of p85alpha." SIGNOR-263193 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr169 TEAPAVVtEEEDDDE 9606 BTO:0004828 32483448 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, CDK12 directly binds to and phosphorylates PAK2 at T134/T169 to activate MAPK signaling pathway" SIGNOR-273110 DHODH protein Q02127 UNIPROT orotate smallmolecule CHEBI:30839 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30449682 t miannu "OXPHOS directly drives the respiration-coupled mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) that converts dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway" SIGNOR-267433 daunorubicin chemical CHEBI:41977 ChEBI ABCC1 protein P33527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002206 9647783 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Unconjugated Dox and Dau failed to inhibit the transport of LTC4, whereas 30 microM GS-Dox or GS-Dau conjugates completely inhibited the transport." SIGNOR-261086 FAU protein P62861 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262443 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 20651737 t lperfetto "Under resting conditions cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (ciap) proteins target nuclear factor-kb (nf-kb)-inducing kinase (nik) for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-167066 tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29177 ChEBI Pro-tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29154 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270433 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr905 DVYEEDSyVKRSQGR 9606 14711813 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr(806), tyr(809), tyr(900), tyr(905), tyr(981), tyr(1062), tyr(1090), and tyr(1096) were autophosphorylation sites. taken together, the results suggest that phosphorylation of tyr981 is not obligatorily required for the catalytic activity but plays a supplementary role in initiating autophosphorylation of tyr905, which brings about the overall kinase activity." SIGNOR-121165 EFNB2 protein P52799 UNIPROT EPHB3 protein P54753 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8559144 t gcesareni "Lerk-5 is a ligand for both elk and hek and induces receptor phosphorylation" SIGNOR-39862 CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15340381 t gcesareni "P21 and p27 are key inhibitors of both cdk1 and cdk2." SIGNOR-128445 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Thr75 VLTGKLTtVFLPIVY -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263597 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270696 pizotifen chemical CHEBI:50212 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9205951 t miannu "The actions of several serotonergic ligands in use or under development for the treatment of migraine headaches were examined at recombinant human 5-HT1A receptors stably expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Of the prophylactic antimigraine drugs tested, methysergide and lisuride behaved as efficacious agonists (Emax > or = 90% relative to 5-HT) whereas pitozifen and (-)propranolol acted as a partial agonist (60%) and an antagonist, respectively." SIGNOR-258617 SETDB2 protein Q96T68 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" methylation 9606 20404330 t miannu "Here, we have characterized a previously undescribed member of the histone H3K9 methyltransferase family named CLLD8 (or SETDB2 or KMT1F). This protein contributes to the trimethylation of both interspersed repetitive elements and centromere-associated repeats and participates in the recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1 to centromeres. Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) has emerged as an important player in the formation of heterochromatin, chromatin condensation, and transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-265351 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser276 PQRSRSPsPQPSSHV 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252333 TNFRSF13C protein Q96RJ3 UNIPROT TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000776;BTO:0000785 20889926 t lperfetto "Activation of br3 induces recruitment and degradation of traf3." SIGNOR-168199 CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT PLIN3 protein O60664 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr251 ERLRQHAyEHSLGKL 9606 BTO:0000527 34929314 t lperfetto "In addition, as a protein kinase, CHKα2 phosphorylates PLIN2 at Tyrosine 232 and PLIN3 at Tyrosine 251. Phosphorylated PLIN2 and PLIN3 are separated from lipid droplets and degraded by Hsc70-mediated autophagy, thereby promoting lipid droplet lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation and glioblastoma growth " SIGNOR-267650 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000007 11069105 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylates and activates heart PFK-2 in vitro and in intact cells.  activation of PFK-2 was due to the phosphorylation of Ser466" SIGNOR-250323 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1054 FGLARDIyKDPDYVR 9606 BTO:0000007 18840653 t "We show that a TCPTP substrate-trapping mutant interacts with VEGFR2. Moreover, TCPTP dephosphorylates VEGFR2 in a phosphosite-specific manner, inhibits its kinase activity and prevents its internalization from the cell surface. |The autophosphorylation sites Tyr1054/1059 and Tyr1214 were dephosphorylated by TCPTP (Fig. 4B). Tyr996, the functional significance of which is currently uncertain (Olsson et al., 2006), was a TCPTP target as well." SIGNOR-248399 DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9534 BTO:0004055 10224087 t "Extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and ERK2 are authentic substrates for the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase VHR. A novel role in down-regulating the ERK pathway.|Catalysis by VHR requires the native structure of ERK and is specific for tyrosine 185 of ERK2" SIGNOR-248535 "TIP-LINK complex" complex SIGNOR-C291 SIGNOR LHFPL5 protein Q8TAF8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "We conclude that the transmembrane and membrane proximal CR domain of PCDH15 mediate interaction with TMHS.|Based on the interdependence of PCDH15 and TMHS for their efficient localization to stereocilia, we reasoned that interaction between the two proteins might regulate their effective cell surface transport." SIGNOR-262580 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT MACROH2A1 protein O75367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15897469 t miannu "Here, we describe an E3 ubiquitin ligase consisting of SPOP and CULLIN3 that is able to ubiquitinate the PcG protein BMI1 and the variant histone MACROH2A1. BMI1 and MACROH2A1 interact with and are ubiquitinated by the CULLIN3 and SPOP ligase complex." SIGNOR-272657 SLC9A7 protein Q96T83 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265597 Galanin smallmolecule CHEBI:80161 ChEBI GALR3 protein O60755 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257496 CCNA1 protein P78396 UNIPROT WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19082485 f irozzo "This study identified WT1 as a repressed target of cyclin A1 and suggests that the suppression of WT1 in cyclin A1-overexpressing leukemias might play a role in the growth and suppression of apoptosis in these leukemic cells." SIGNOR-255905 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257655 RPS15A protein P62244 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262436 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "First, the akt1, akt2, and akt3 isoforms can bind directly to hsp27 and can be found in a complex with p38 mapk, mk2, and hsp27 [98_100]. Second, rane and colleagues showed that akt could phosphorylate hsp27 at ser-82, but not ser-15 or ser-78, in vitro, while co-expression of an active akt mutant and hsp27 in hek cells resulted in hsp27 phosphorylation at the same residue." SIGNOR-252526 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg707 ESTVMATrKMHDRLE -1 10026263 t lperfetto "Thrombin is considered the physiological activator of factor V and is the most potent activator, catalyzing the cleavage of three peptide bonds at Arg709, Arg1018, and Arg1545" SIGNOR-263647 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 ARVLRSKsLCHDEIE 9606 11333986 t lperfetto "P38 binds and phosphorylates cdc25-b and -c at serines 309 and 361 and at serine 216, respectively, and phosphorylation of these residues is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins phosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-107416 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f "inferred from family member" miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-270226 TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT MYOD/E12E47 complex SIGNOR-C127 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001103 18094043 t lperfetto "MyoD omodimers or heterodimers of MyoD plus E12 or E47 serve as transcription factor complexes that bind to CANNTG consensus sites in the promoter regions of genes, performing major functions in specification and differentiation of skeletl muscle precursor cells." SIGNOR-241551 CD27 protein P26842 UNIPROT BIK protein Q13323 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12324477 f gcesareni "Bik expression was weakly but significantly down-regulated by cd27 but up-regulated by cd40." SIGNOR-93323 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr161 SDEEAEStKEAQNEL -1 12852856 t lperfetto "Here, we identify a centrosomal plk1 substrate, termed nlp (ninein-like protein), whose properties suggest an important role in microtubule organization. Nlp interacts with two components of the gamma-tubulin ring complex and stimulates microtubule nucleation. Plk1 phosphorylates nlp and disrupts both its centrosome association and its gamma-tubulin interaction" SIGNOR-103364 NSMCE3 protein Q96MG7 UNIPROT SMC5/6 complex SIGNOR-C374 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27427983 t miannu "The SMC5/6 complex, consisting of SMC5, SMC6, and non-SMC elements NSMCE1–6, has key roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity during mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair and is critical for genome stability. In particular, the SMC5/6 complex is involved in resolving intermediates during recombination (5, 6) and other complex DNA structures, such as stalled replication forks" SIGNOR-265485 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000830 23539538 t miannu "Ponatinib was found to inhibit the kinase activity of KIT G560V and KIT D816V in the human mast cell leukemia cell line HMC-1. In addition, ponatinib was found to block Lyn- and STAT5 activity in neoplastic mast cells" SIGNOR-259274 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT EPS8 protein Q12929 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser625 ADTPPAPsPPPTPAP -1 19564905 t miannu "We further show that the actin barbed-end capping activity of Eps8 is inhibited by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) treatment through MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of Eps8 residues S624 and T628. Additionally, an Eps8 mutant, impaired in the MAPK target sites (S624A/T628A), displays increased association to actin-rich structures, is resistant to BDNF-mediated release from microfilaments, and inhibits BDNF-induced filopodia. The opposite is observed for a phosphomimetic Eps8 (S624E/T628E) mutant. Thus, collectively, our data identify Eps8 as a critical capping protein in the regulation of axonal filopodia and delineate a molecular pathway by which BDNF, through MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of Eps8, stimulates axonal filopodia formation, a process with crucial impacts on neuronal development and synapse formation." SIGNOR-263058 COL4A2 protein P08572 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12778132 t "Type IV collagen is the most abundant Type IV collagen is the most abundant constituent of the BM…All of the type IV collagen in mammals is derived from six genetically distinct alpha-chain polypeptides (alpha1-alpha6)" SIGNOR-254666 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1859 PPRIHRAsDPGLPAE 9606 23429703 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 signaling posttranslationally regulated this metabolic pathway via its downstream target ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 (s6k1), which directly phosphorylates s1859 on cad, the enzyme that catalyzes the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Growth signaling through mtorc1 thus stimulates the production of new nucleotides to accommodate an increase in rna and dna synthesis." SIGNOR-201117 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH3 protein P22223 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265843 thioridazine chemical CHEBI:9566 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258839 SMAD2/STAT3/EP300 complex SIGNOR-C203 SIGNOR IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "Thus, pSmad2L (Ser255) forms complex with p300 and STAT3 to bind to the proximal promoter of the Rorc and Il17a genes." SIGNOR-255027 TAF3 protein Q5VWG9 UNIPROT TAF3/TRF3 complex SIGNOR-C23 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 18851836 t lperfetto "We recently identified taf3 as a subunit specifically associated with trf3 to form a complex that is required for myogenic differentiation" SIGNOR-181611 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr35 LLKHAEAtLGSGNLR 9606 21808241 t "The regulation of MOB1 and LATS1/2 by MST1/2 may be organ and disease-specific." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2 mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-175809 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 RSLEVWGsQEALEEA 9606 16540648 t miannu "Atr was the major kinase responsible for the cellular phosphorylation of xpa following uv irradiation / we propose that the phosphorylation of xpa by atr checkpoint may positively regulate ner activity and thus may facilitate the cells to recover from ner-related dna damages." SIGNOR-145190 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr11 EEQYYAAtQLYKDPC 10090 16166097 t miannu "The interaction of PDX-1 with Ku subunits and its phosphorylation on threonine 11 by the DNA-PK appear to be implicated in its degradation by the proteosome." SIGNOR-225542 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 32118033 t lperfetto "These results point toward a novel mechanism by which FUS targets neuronal mRNA and given that these PSD-95 and Shank1 3'-UTR G quadruplex structures are also targeted by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), they raise the possibility that FUS and FMRP might work together to regulate the translation of these neuronal mRNA targets.|As seen in Figure 7 (top panel), both PSD-95 Q1-Q2 and Shank1a GQ probes pulled down endogenous FUS, whereas their M2 mutants did not, indicating that the GQ structure is sufficient for recognition." SIGNOR-262103 Nalorphine chemical CHEBI:7458 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258814 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser706 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 9606 12058027 t gcesareni "Thus, pkd2 is likely to be a novel downstream target of specific pkcs upon the stimulation of ags-b cells with gastrin. Our data suggest a two-step mechanism of activation of pkd2 via endogenously produced diacylglycerol and the activation of pkcs." SIGNOR-89423 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 12832467 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) regulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase docking and RSK activity.Erk-activates the rsk family of serine/threonine kinases,rsk1, rsk2, and rsk3." SIGNOR-252760 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t lperfetto "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-255263 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269620 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C206 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 19620713 t ggiuliani "The expression of CA-BMPr1A and CA-BMPr1B mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR using appropriate primers to distinguish expression of the constitutively active receptors from endogenous BMP receptors; specific antibodies for these receptors were not available. However, the functional effects of their expression, i.e., phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, verify overexpression of the constitutively active receptors (Fig. 3B). Thus, their overexpression provoked a substantial rise in the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, known downstream phosphorylated intermediates in the BMP signaling pathway (Fig. 3B) (16, 17)." SIGNOR-255786 propranolol chemical CHEBI:8499 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9205951 t miannu "The actions of several serotonergic ligands in use or under development for the treatment of migraine headaches were examined at recombinant human 5-HT1A receptors stably expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Of the prophylactic antimigraine drugs tested, methysergide and lisuride behaved as efficacious agonists (Emax > or = 90% relative to 5-HT) whereas pitozifen and (-)propranolol acted as a partial agonist (60%) and an antagonist, respectively." SIGNOR-258614 SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 23132018 t lperfetto "The enhancement of H-Ras GTP levels induced by oncogenic K-Ras was abrogated when the expression of endogenous Sos was suppressed, implicating Sos as an essential intermediate in the cross talk between oncogenic K-Ras and WT H-Ras." SIGNOR-39237 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser674 PGRERGEsPTTPPTP 9606 BTO:0000938 12458207 t lperfetto "Negative regulation of mixed lineage kinase 3 by protein kinase b/akt leads to cell survivalthe expression of activated akt1 inhibits mlk3-mediated cell death in a manner dependent on serine 674 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-96062 DROSHA protein Q9NRR4 UNIPROT "Microprocessor complex" complex SIGNOR-C356 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000552 24581491 t lperfetto "Microprocessor minimally comprises the ribonuclease DROSHA and its double-stranded RNA-binding partner DGCR8 (Denli et al., 2004; Gregory et al., 2004). Microprocessor recognizes pri-miRNA through the stem-loop (Zeng et al., 2005) and the stem-loop-ssRNA junction (Han et al., 2006), and cleaves both the 5′ and 3′ flanking segments to generate pre-miRNA." SIGNOR-264848 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZNF521 protein Q96K83 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271103 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT SLC6A8 protein P48029 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 443947 BTO:0000964 22407360 t miannu "Janus-activated kinase-2 (JAK2) participates in the regulation of the Na⁺-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1 and the Na⁺-coupled amino acid transporter SLC6A19. JAK2 is a novel regulator of the creatine transporter SLC6A8, which downregulates the carrier, presumably by interference with carrier protein insertion into the cell membrane." SIGNOR-265781 NCBP1 protein Q09161 UNIPROT IRF8 protein Q02556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001413 11483597 t miannu "we found that tyrosine phosphorylated ICSBP activates CYBB and NCF2 transcription, during late myeloid differentiation, by interacting with PU.1, IRF1 and CBP." SIGNOR-222939 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr45 PGGTLFStTPGGTRI 9606 9465032 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)- binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and the p70 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1). Raft1 phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 on thr-36 and thr-45 blocks its association with the cap-binding protein, eif-4e,in vitro. in response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-217090 ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-267531 NR2F2 protein P24468 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14739255 f gcesareni "Gralpha, but not grbeta, enhanced coup-tfii-induced transactivation of the simple coup-tfii-responsive 7alpha-hydroxylase promoter through the transcriptional activity of its activation function-1 domain, whereas coup-tfii repressed gralpha-induced transactivation of the glucocorticoid-responsive promoter by attracting the silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors." SIGNOR-121419 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10976919 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr" SIGNOR-269880 DLL3 protein Q9NYJ7 UNIPROT PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16140393 t lperfetto "Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate choice during development with Delta and Jagged constituting the two evolutionary conserved families of Notch ligands. These ligands are transmembrane proteins with conserved biochemical structure that share their receptors and signal through a common mechanism. Upon ligand binding Notch receptors are proteoliticaly cleaved, the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) is released and translocated to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. In mammals, four receptors and five ligands have been described. Delta-1, Delta-3 and Delta-4 are homologues to Drosophila Delta and Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 to Drosophila Serrate." SIGNOR-209747 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 HQLFRGFsFVATGLM 9534 BTO:0001538 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252756 ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257414 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr48 VCPDVPRtPVGKFLG 9606 SIGNOR-C17 10864927 t gcesareni "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-78428 SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 23132018 t lperfetto "The enhancement of H-Ras GTP levels induced by oncogenic K-Ras was abrogated when the expression of endogenous Sos was suppressed, implicating Sos as an essential intermediate in the cross talk between oncogenic K-Ras and WT H-Ras." SIGNOR-59472 CHAF1B protein Q13112 UNIPROT MGMT protein P16455 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 15657354 f miannu "Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of methyl-CpG binding domain containing proteins detected a greater amount of MeCP2, MBD1, and CAF-1 bound to the MGMT promoter in MGMT-silenced cells. Our findings implicate specific MBD proteins in methylation-mediated transcriptional silencing of MGMT." SIGNOR-254570 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT PRDM16 protein Q9HAZ2 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18719589 f fspada "Bmp7 activates a full program of€š brown€š adipogenesis€š including induction of early regulators of€š brown€š fat fate prdm16 (pr-domain-containing 16; ref. 4) and pgc-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) coactivator-1alpha; ref. 5), increased expression of the€š brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and adipogenic transcription factors ppargamma and ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase-(also known as mapk14) and pgc-1-dependent pathways" SIGNOR-210053 LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19467332 t miannu "A possible function for the NGL–PSD-95 interaction is to couple trans-synaptic adhesion events to the recruitment of PSD-95 and other PSD-95-associated postsynaptic proteins. PSD-95 and liprin-α may be key synaptic scaffolding proteins that couple trans-synaptic adhesions to the assembly of synaptic proteins/vesicles" SIGNOR-264051 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MASTL protein Q96GX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr207 PRQDYSRtPGQVLSL 8355 22354989 t gcesareni "We propose a model in which the initiating event for Gwl activation is phosphorylation by MPF of the proline-directed sites T193 and T206 in the presumptive activation loop" SIGNOR-249652 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001610 22641097 f miannu "Effective silencing of Runx2 by short interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated downregulation of EMT-related molecules (SNAI2, SNAI3 and TWIST1), MMP2 and vasculogenic factors (VEGFA and VEGFC) in thyroid carcinoma cells." SIGNOR-255084 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr23 EMRERLGtGGFGNVC 9606 SIGNOR-C14 19609947 t gcesareni "Although there are likely to be multiple levels of crosstalk between the pi3k-akt and nf-kb pathways, one mechanism has been attributed to direct phosphorylation of the amino acid residue t23 on ikb kinase alfa (ikkalfa) by akt, thereby leading to activation of this kinase upstream of nf-kb akt mediates ikkalpha phosphorylation at threonine 23 akt transiently associates in vivo with ikk and induces ikk activation. Akt mediates ikkalfa phosphorylation at threonine 23.Akt phosphorylates ikkalpha on t23, and this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of p65 at s534 by ikkalpha and beta" SIGNOR-187006 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 7739551 t lperfetto "Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis." SIGNOR-238652 OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22194658 f "same result in PC12 cell" miannu "SiRNA effectively downregulated optineurin expression in RGC-5 and PC12 stable transfected cells. Optineurin siRNA significantly inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis in RGC-5 and PC12 cells. Microarray analysis identified 112 differentially expressed genes in optineurin siRNA transfected RGC-5 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), neurotrophin-3(Ntf3), synaptosomal-associated protein 25(Snap25), and neurofilament, light polypeptide(Nefl) was significantly downregulated in RGC-5 and PC12 cells transfected with optineurin siRNA." SIGNOR-259878 chlorpromazine chemical CHEBI:3647 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258836 P2RY14 protein Q15391 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257210 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr315 MPMDTSVyESPYSDP -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254733 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 9606 BTO:0000007 12665513 t lperfetto "Transfection studies demonstrated that TAO2 stimulates phosphorylation of the TCF Elk1 on the major activating site, Ser383, and that TAO2 stimulates transactivation of Elk1 and the related TCF, Sap1." SIGNOR-246638 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937-3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr341 PFLNSGTyHSRDEST 11090 BTO:0000667 27013234 t done miannu "We found that YAP1, the pivotal effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is a direct SRC phosphorylation target, and YAP1 phosphorylation at three sites in its transcription activation domain is necessary for SRC-YAP1-mediated transformation. " SIGNOR-274024 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257608 TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT Immortality phenotype SIGNOR-PH47 SIGNOR up-regulates 11327115 f lperfetto "Telomerase is tightly repressed in the vast majority of normal human somatic cells but becomes activated during cellular immortalization and in cancers" SIGNOR-252292 "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI VKORC1L1 protein Q8N0U8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "This series of oxidation-reduction reactions begins with conversion of vitamin K from a stable oxidized form (quinone form) to a hydroquinone form by vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR)" SIGNOR-265916 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 12234927 t miannu "We found that Cdc25 A degradation during mitotic exit and in early G(1) is mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C)(Cdh1) ligase, and that a KEN-box motif in the N-terminus of the protein is required for its targeted degradation." SIGNOR-271388 PGK2 protein P07205 UNIPROT 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266506 "VAPB-PTPIP51 complex" complex SIGNOR-C275 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0000142 30841933 f lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers regulate synaptic activity. VAPB and PTPIP51 localise and form contacts at synapses, and stimulating neuronal activity increases ER-mitochondria contacts and the VAPB-PTPIP51 interaction." SIGNOR-262120 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser486 DDEITEAKsGTATPQRS -1 17023420 t "We show that AMPK α-Ser485/491 can be a site for autophosphorylation, which may play a role in limiting AMPK activation in response to energy depletion or other regulators" SIGNOR-256114 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12110166 f fspada "We show here that e2f1 induces ppar gamma transcription during clonal expansion, whereas e2f4 represses pparg amma expression during terminal adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-90459 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT AP1G2 protein O75843 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001950 18772139 t miannu "Gamma2-Adaptin is a putative member of the clathrin adaptor protein family with unknown physiological function. We previously reported that gamma2-adaptin acts as a ubiquitin receptor by virtue of its ubiquitin-interacting motif. Here we demonstrate that this motif mediates a specific physical interaction with the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 and promotes ubiquitination of gamma2-adaptin. These antibodies clearly recognized the 96 kDa form, thus demonstrating that a fraction of γ2-adaptin is modified by monoubiquitination (Fig. 1C). Thus, binding of γ2-adaptin to Nedd4 is not necessary for its membrane association.Accordingly, one possible function of γ2-adaptin may be to act as an adaptor for Nedd4, recruiting it to membrane compartments for subsequent ubiquitination." SIGNOR-272634 UNC80 protein Q8N2C7 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19535918 t miannu "UNC80 is a protein that is associated with the NALCN Na(+) leak cation channel, and is required for the activation of this channel by the neuropeptide substance P through GPCRs in a G-protein-independent fashion. Here, we show that UNC80 binds Src kinases and recruits Src into the channel complex. " SIGNOR-265179 GCC2 protein Q8IWJ2 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 18195106 t lperfetto "Rab9-dependent transport from late endosomes to the Golgi requires the Rab9 effectors p40 (Diaz et al., 1997) and TIP47 (Diaz and Pfeffer, 1998), a protein that recognizes the cytoplasmic domains of the two types of MPRs and packages them into nascent transport vesicles (Carroll et al., 2001). MPR recycling also utilizes a TGN-localized coiled-coil protein named GCC185 that is also a Rab9 effector" SIGNOR-253085 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation -1 25624455 t miannu "a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254722 NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1220 NLHSSHSsGLMDKSS 9606 BTO:0000565 28630147 t miannu "Nek7 direct phosphorylation is required for the anaphase localization of Kif14. we generated an EGFP-Kif14-5A construct in which Ser56, Ser607, Ser1217, Ser1219, and Ser1220 were all mutated to Ala. When transfected into HeLa cells, EGFP-Kif14-5A was expressed to similar levels as WT Kif14 (Fig. S3 C), but its localization to the central spindle in anaphase cells was completely abolished (Fig. 6 C)." SIGNOR-266418 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11735420 t gcesareni "We demonstrated that shp inhibited both ar-lbd and ntd-dependent transactivation, which evidenced for the first time a protein capable of inhibiting a steroid receptor amino-terminal-dependent transactivation. We further characterized the shp mechanism of action by showing that shp reversed ar coactivator-mediated activation" SIGNOR-112589 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser112 AIKVEPAsPPYYSEK 9606 11733495 t gcesareni "Moreover, the inhibition of erks 1 and 2 with a mek inhibitor, u1026, lead to an inhibition in the decay of ppargamma proteins, indicating that serine phosphorylation influences the degradation of ppargamma in fat cells." SIGNOR-232236 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257748 FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 10937998 f fspada "Wnt signaling maintains preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state through inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (ppargamma)" SIGNOR-80607 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr735 DTEWRSVtLPRDLQS 9606 18794806 t lperfetto "Here, we identify clk1, clk4, mst1, mst2 and ttk (also known as mps1) as novel thr735 kinases in vitro / phosphorylation of thr735 in c-abl is critical for binding to 14-3-3" SIGNOR-181056 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 24561908 t "This tri-methylation is associated with the downregulation of nearby genes via the formation of heterochromatic regions." miannu "Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratricopeptide Repeat on chromosome X (UTX) and Jumonji D3 (JMJD3) as novel histone demethylases that catalyze the removal of di- and trimethyl groups on histone H3 lysine 27, thereby promoting target gene activation." SIGNOR-265360 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser284 RRDYDDMsPRRGPPP 9606 11231586 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylation drives cytoplasmic accumulation of hnrnp-k and inhibition of mrna translation mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (mapk/erk) efficiently phosphorylates hnrnp-k both in vitro and in vivo at serines 284 and 353." SIGNOR-105238 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_block phenotype SIGNOR-PH10 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21524151 f lperfetto "Consistent with this, the magnitude of the response (i.e. the fraction of cells undergoing arrest) appears to diminish the closer the cells are to the time of S-phase entry. The existence of a time gap between full pRb phosphorylation and S-phase entry is also consistent with the notion that E2F, once released from pRb, transcriptionally activates factors needed for S-phase entry, a process which likely requires a significant amount of time." SIGNOR-245486 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT ATP2C1 protein P98194 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 15955096 f miannu "when Sp1 or YY1 was overexpressed in keratinocytes, an obvious increase in ATP2C1 promoter activity was observed, which was in contrast with the case where a mutant promoter lacking the binding sites for Sp1 and YY1 was used as the reporter." SIGNOR-255194 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CORO1B protein Q9BR76 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2 sFRKVVRQ 9606 16027158 t lperfetto "We have identified serine 2 (ser-2) on coronin 1b as the major residue phosphorylated by pkc in vivo.In this work, we show that coronin 1b interacts in vivo with the arp2/3 complex and that this interaction is inhibited by pkc phosphorylation." SIGNOR-138733 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 QARPGPQsPGSPLEE 9606 BTO:0000130 16778989 t gcesareni "Erk1/2 are the kinases involved in p47phox_ phosphorylation on ser345 in gm-csfprimed human neutrophils._ Phosphorylation of ser345 is required for the priming of nadph oxidase activity in neutrophil-like cells" SIGNOR-147170 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT LY96 protein Q9Y6Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002813 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253806 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT NDC80 protein O14777 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 SGGAGRLsMQELRSQ 9606 20471944 t lperfetto "To determine whether the combinatorial regulation of the kmn network by aurora b observed in vitro is critical to controlling kinetochore-microtubule attachments in vivo, we next investigated the effect of the phosphomimetic (to aspartate) and nonphosphorylatable (to alanine) mutants of dsn1, knl1, and ndc80 in vertebrate cells. We predicted that both types of mutations in critical phosphorylation sites would affect chromosome segregation, since preventing the inactivation of inappropriately attached kinetochores by aurora b (in the nonphosphorylatable mutant) or constitutively inactivating this attachment (in the phosphomimetic mutant)." SIGNOR-165554 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA6 protein Q9Y5G7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265716 NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 15115814 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "We found that NP1 colocalizes and physically associates with the fast excitatory GluR1 AMPA receptors and that hypoxia induces a time-dependent increase in the NP1-GluR1 interactions. Thus hypoxia recruits NP1 protein to GluR1 subunits concurrent with the hypoxic excitotoxic cascade.|Rather we propose that through interactions with GluR1 clusters, NP1 modulates the function of AMPA receptors in a manner whereby increased NP1-GluR1 interactions sensitize neurons to hypoxia-induced excitotoxic death." SIGNOR-270235 GALR3 protein O60755 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257206 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Akt also promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating gsk3b, thus releasing the gsk3b-dependent inhibition of the eukariotic translation initiation factor 2b (eif2b)." SIGNOR-175621 IKZF3 protein Q9UKT9 UNIPROT LNPEP protein Q9UIQ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003420 15894523 f miannu "Activator protein-2 (AP-2) and Ikaros transcription factors play significant roles in exerting high promoter activity of P-LAP/OTase in the trophoblastic cells. Moreover, P-LAP/OTase is transcriptionally regulated in a trophoblast-differentiation-dependent fashion via up-regulation of AP-2, putatively AP-2alpha." SIGNOR-255405 3-[2,4-diamino-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-pteridinyl]phenol chemical CHEBI:94691 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258300 PFDN5 protein Q99471 UNIPROT "Prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C513 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32699605 t miannu "The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins.  Canonical prefoldin complex is a heterohexameric complex composed of two α subunits (PFDN3 and PFDN5) and four β subunits (PFDN1, PFDN2, PFDN4 and PFDN6)" SIGNOR-270934 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr187 NAGSVEQtPKKPGLR 9606 17409098 t gcesareni "Ubiquitination and subsequent degradation play a critical role in regulating the levels of p27 during cell cycle progression. Here we provide evidence suggesting that both cdk2/e and phosphorylation of thr(187) on p27 are essential for the recognition of p27 by the scf(skp2/cks1) complex, the ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (e3)." SIGNOR-154188 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000304 27840030 f lperfetto "Interestingly, overexpression of KRASG12V (an activating mutant) in BxPC-3 cells, a PDAC cell line carrying wild-type KRAS, led to a 40% decrease of CARM1 protein and consequent hypomethylation or activation of MDH1|These observations indicate that KRAS suppresses CARM1-mediated MDH1 methylation, contributing to Gln metabolism in pancreatic cancer." SIGNOR-267640 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270416 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr13 AVLADVSyLMAMEKS 9606 BTO:0000007 16725308 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that c-Src kinase activity increases the interaction between GRK2 and Galphaq. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2 appears to be critically involved in the modulation of this interaction since the stimulatory effect of c-Src is not observed with a GRK2 mutant with impaired tyrosine phosphorylation (GRK2 Y13,86,92F), whereas a mutant that mimics GRK2 tyrosine phosphorylation in these residues displays an increased interaction with Galphaq. " SIGNOR-266307 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" hydroxylation Pro382 KLLCEDLpGTEDFVG 9606 BTO:0000007 19584355 t lperfetto "We further show that the interaction of pVHL with beta(2)AR is dependent on proline hydroxylation (proline-382 and -395) and that the dioxygenase EGLN3 interacts directly with the beta(2)AR to serve as an endogenous beta(2)AR prolyl hydroxylase. Under hypoxic conditions, receptor hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitylation decrease dramatically, thus attenuating receptor degradation and down-regulation." SIGNOR-262006 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral JARID2 protein Q92833 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31390932 t miannu " Mechanically, LINC01133 functioning as a ceRNA targeted miR-4784 to augment AHDC1 expression. Finally, LINCO1133/miR-4784 aggravated the malignant growth and aggressiveness and EMT of cervical cancer in an AHDC1-dependant way. In conclusion, we unveiled that LINC01133 may function as a ceRNA for miR-4784 to advance AHDC1 expression, intensifying CC cell malignant phenotypes and EMT process, which may demonstrate the implied value of LINC01133 as a therapeutic target for CC patients." SIGNOR-269188 GSK1292263 chemical CID:24996872 PUBCHEM GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192859 ZNF462 protein Q96JM2 UNIPROT PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 17353115 t miannu "We demonstrated that ZFPIP is expressed in embryonic female genital tract but also in other PBX1 expression domains such as the developing head and the limb buds. We further showed that ZFPIP is able to bind physically and in vivo to PBX1 and moreover, that it prevents the binding of HOXA9/PBX complexes to their consensus DNA site. We suggest that ZFPIP is a new type of PBX1 partner that could participate in PBX1 function during several developmental pathways." SIGNOR-264477 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser553 ARPPASPsPQRQAGP 9606 10880969 t lperfetto "Synapsin i (syni), a major sv phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of sv trafficking and neurotransmitter release, is one of the presynaptic substrates of cdk5, which phosphorylates it in its c-terminal region at ser(549) (site 6) and ser(551) (site 7). Phosphorylation of syni by cdk5 is physiologically regulated and enhances its binding to f-actin." SIGNOR-78887 RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 31225475 t miannu "L3MBTL2 links RNF8 and RNF168 in the DNA double strand break response. The protein kinase ATM phosphorylates L3MBTL2, which recruits it to the DNA lesion by promoting the interaction between MDC1 and L3MBTL2. L3MBTL2 is subsequently ubiquitinated by RNF8, which acts as a docking site for RNF168, thereby recruiting the ubiquitin ligase to the damage site. RNF168, in turn, ubiquitinates H2A-type histones to amplify the DNA damage response and recruit downstream DNA repair proteins for proper DSB signaling." SIGNOR-266784 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270424 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg25 PLLSARTrARRPESK -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus" SIGNOR-263568 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK4 protein P57078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination lys51 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation.Lysine residues K51 and K145 of RIP4 are critical for cIAP1-mediated ubiquitination and NF-kB activation." SIGNOR-272707 CDON/SPAG9 complex SIGNOR-C21 SIGNOR MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 17074887 t "p38 MAPK is activated by phosphorylation in response to CDO-BOC interactions. Activated p38 MAPK may translocate into the nucleus to further activate myogenic related transcription factors." gcesareni "One way this occurs is via the interaction of JLP with the Cdo cytoplasmic tail. JLP is, in turn, bound to p38α/β. This interaction facilitates p38 activation during differentiation and is important for Cdo's effects in myogenesis." SIGNOR-272542 MMP10 protein P09238 UNIPROT HAPLN1 protein P10915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu40 QAENGPHlLVEAEQA -1 7694569 t miannu "Matrix metalloproteinases cleave at two distinct sites on human cartilage link protein. Sequencing studies of modified link protein components revealed that stromelysins-1 and -2, gelatinases A and B and collagenase cleaved specifically between His16 and Ile17, and matrilysin, stromelysin-2 and gelatinase A cleaved between Leu25 and Leu26. Based on previously determined in situ cleavage sites it is evident that matrix metalloproteinases are not solely responsible for the accumulation of link protein degradation products in adult human cartilage, indicating that additional proteolytic agents are involved in the normal catabolism of human cartilage matrix." SIGNOR-256332 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 10050749 t lperfetto "Growth hormone induces insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription by a synergistic action of STAT5 and HNF-1α" SIGNOR-251743 MDH1 protein P40925 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-266285 PPP2R5B protein Q15173 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 16495456 t gcesareni "Activation of pp2a is the intermediate step between the abeta-ceramide cascade and the subsequent inactivation of akt." SIGNOR-252615 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser443 PQRKSQRsSYVSMRI -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). These data, indicate that S422 and/or S423 are the major sites of PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the 1 GABA receptor.An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262751 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK4 protein P57078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination lys145 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation.Lysine residues K51 and K145 of RIP4 are critical for cIAP1-mediated ubiquitination and NF-kB activation." SIGNOR-272708 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258522 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT NT5E protein P21589 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000414 12370277 f miannu "Examination of the CD73 gene promoter identified at least one binding site for hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and inhibition of HIF-1alpha expression by antisense oligonucleotides resulted in significant inhibition of hypoxia-inducible CD73 expression" SIGNOR-254423 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT FGF21 protein Q9NSA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005787 25055037 f miannu "The increased production of reactive oxygen species, subsequent induction of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and activation of an ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2)-binding site at the proximal promoter region of the FGF21 gene was found to be a major mechanism linking mitochondrial dysfunction with enhanced FGF21 gene transcription in myogenic cells." SIGNOR-253743 BRD7 protein Q9NPI1 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270601 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr200 LPLLVQRtIARTIVL 452646 7774578 t lperfetto "The tgf-beta type ii receptor (t beta r-ii) is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that, upon ligand binding, recruits and phosphorylates a second transmembrane kinase, t beta r-i, as a requirement for signal transduction. In contrast to the relatively innocuous nature of single site mutations in the ttsgsgsg sequence, mutation of thr200 or 204 to valine causes marked losses in ligand-induced phosphorylation and signaling." SIGNOR-32744 SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30267828 f miannu "The best-studied SNARE-complex is the one formed between three proteins, VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25, that mediate fast exocytosis in neuronal cells." SIGNOR-265065 P2RY4 protein P51582 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256727 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 EYVQTVKsSKGGPGS 9606 24103589 t lperfetto "The authors identified several phosphorylated residues by a combination of peptide mapping and sequence analysis and showed that recombinant pp60c-src phosphorylates annexin a1 near its amino terminus, at tyrosine 21 (tyr21). Also polyoma virus middle t/pp60c-src complex, recombinant pp50v-abl, and the egf receptor/kinase phosphorylated the same tyrosine residue. It was also shown that serine 27 residue of anxa1 is the primary site phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc). In the same study, the threonine 41 residue has been identified as a pkc substrate as well. The adenosine cyclic 3_,5_-phosphate dependent protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylates anxa1 in its carboxyl-terminal core at the threonine 216 residue (thr216) [2].The phosphorylation of serine 27 is essential for annexin a1 membrane localization." SIGNOR-202792 PRDM2 protein Q13029 UNIPROT HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8654390 f 2 miannu "We show that a portion of MTB-Zf, including an N-terminal zinc-finger domain, binds in vitro to MTE and that the transient coexpression of MTB-Zf cDNA leads to transativation of the heme-oxygenase-1 gene promoter." SIGNOR-241047 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr659 VADERVDyVVVDQQK 9606 BTO:0000018 10734310 t miannu "Gab-1 is phosphorylated on the same residues by HGF and EGF receptors. Among 16 peptides only nine were phosphorylated by the EGF and HGF receptors, namely peptides containing the tyrosine residues 285, 307, 373, 407, 448, 473, 590, 628 and 660. we show that in the response to HGF or EGF, Gab1 is phosphorylated in vivo on the same residues. However, a sustained activation of signaling pathways downstream to Gab1 (as a result of its sustained phosphorylation) is achieved only in response to HGF." SIGNOR-250290 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr187 KRNTVIGtPFWMAPE 9534 BTO:0004055 12223493 t lperfetto "Mapping of MST1 kinase sites of phosphorylation. Activation and autophosphorylationWe define Thr(183) in subdomain VIII as a primary site of phosphoactivation. Thr(187) is also critical for kinase activity." SIGNOR-247581 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 10564272 f lperfetto "We found that both smad6 and smad7 inhibit the activation of smad1 and smad5 by bmpr-ia/alk-3 and bmpr-ib/alk-6, as well as that by alk-2" SIGNOR-235622 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1619 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120084 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr936 SESTNHIySNLANCS 9606 10377264 t miannu "Identification of tyr-703 and tyr-936 as autophosphorylation sites in c-kit/scfr" SIGNOR-68647 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26687681 t miannu "Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin Ligase Governs the Turnover of ULK1 and VPS34 Complexes to Control Autophagy Termination. KLHL20 promotes ubiquitination of phagophore-residing VPS34 and Beclin-1" SIGNOR-272418 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18809714 f miannu "Accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) associated with inhibition of dendritic cell (DC) differentiation is one of the major immunological abnormalities in cancer and leads to suppression of antitumor immune responses. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. We report here that STAT3-inducible up-regulation of the myeloid-related protein S100A9 enhances MDSC production in cancer." SIGNOR-261931 IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 30029643 t "Since Jak-STAT pathway primarily activated in IL-15-me- diated cell proliferation, we tested whether it is also participates in IL-15-mediated proliferation of FAPs. Interestingly, we found the expression of phospho-Jak3 and phospho-Tyk2, as well as their downstream, phospho- STAT3 and phospho-STAT5, was significantly upregulated" SIGNOR-256226 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HERC1 protein Q15751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271306 Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C505 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270890 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser190 RGAPKRGsGKDSHHP -1 2413024 t miannu "Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-162" SIGNOR-250012 neratinib chemical CHEBI:61397 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258254 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser89 KTEESPAsDEAGEKE 9606 10739259 t lperfetto "Protein kinases that phosphorylate hmg-14 17 at the major sites have been implicated from previous in vitro studies. Protein kinase c and a similar calcium phospholipid-dependent kinase have been reported to phosphorylate both proteins in vitro, where the phosphorylation of hmg-17 occurs predominantly at ser24 and to a lesser degree at ser28. Phosphorylation of hmg-14 at ser6 by camp- or cgmp-dependent kinases has also been reported. Thus, other kinases may contribute to phosphorylation at ser6 in response to oa. Ser88 and ser98 on hmg-14 are also phosphorylated by casein kinase ii in vitro. we conclude that the correlation we observe reflects a causal relationship, in which phosphorylation somehow facilitates the redistribution of hmg-14 and -17 toward non-nuclear pools." SIGNOR-76274 USP5 protein P45974 UNIPROT Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270830 F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23450633 f gcesareni "Ga12/13 recruitment of rho-gefs causes rhoa activation and f-actin assembly, which promotes lats1/lat2 inactivation by an unknown, but myosin-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-192783 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937-3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr357 SGLSMSSySVPRTPD 11090 27013234 t done miannu "We found that YAP1, the pivotal effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is a direct SRC phosphorylation target, and YAP1 phosphorylation at three sites in its transcription activation domain is necessary for SRC-YAP1-mediated transformation. " SIGNOR-274025 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1899 SPTYSPTsPVYTPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269378 NUF2 protein Q9BZD4 UNIPROT "Ndc80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C361 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27881301 t lperfetto "Kinetochores, multisubunit protein assemblies, connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules to promote chromosome segregation. The 10-subunit KMN assembly (comprising KNL1, MIS12, and NDC80 complexes, designated KNL1C, MIS12C, and NDC80C) binds microtubules and regulates mitotic checkpoint function through NDC80C and KNL1C, respectively. |NDC80C contains the NDC80, NUF2, SPC24, and SPC25 subunits" SIGNOR-265187 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR KMT5A protein Q9NQR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser100 SKIYSYMsPNKCSGM 9606 20966048 t lperfetto "First, we found that pr-set7 is phosphorylated at ser 29 (s29) specifically by the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1)/cyclinb complex, s29 phosphorylation also functions to stabilize pr-set7 by directly inhibiting its interaction with the anaphase-promoting complex (apc), an e3 ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-216856 ITGA6 protein P23229 UNIPROT "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253179 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16888620 t gcesareni "CISK strongly interacts and colocalizes with the E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4, which is important for the ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation of CXCR4. Moreover, the observed inhibition is both dependent on the interaction between CISK and AIP4 and on the activation status of CISK. Consistent with this, an activated form of CISK but not of the related kinase SGK1 phosphorylates specific sites of AIP4 in vitro." SIGNOR-245327 ARHGDIA protein P52565 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10116 BTO:0000526 20696765 t miannu "Here, we report the expression of plexin-B3 in glioma cells, which upon stimulation by its ligand Sema5A results in significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion. A search for the underlying mechanism revealed direct interaction of plexin-B3 with RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα), a negative regulator of RhoGTPases that blocks guanine nucleotide exchange and sequesters them away from the plasma membrane. direct interaction of RhoGDIα and the cytoplasmic domain of plexin-B3 (plexin-B3CD) was confirmed by GST pulldown assays.RhoGDIα is required for Sema5A-induced Rac1 inactivation and inhibition of cell invasion in C6 glioma." SIGNOR-268436 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr507 FGESRAStFCGTPDY 9606 19366211 t llicata "This study identifies novel in vitro pkcdelta autophosphorylation sites at thr(141) adjacent to the pseudosubstrate domain, thr(218) in the c1a-c1b interdomain, ser(295), ser(302), and ser(304) in the hinge region, and ser(503) adjacent to thr(505) in the activation loop. studies reported herein show that a t505a substitution reduces pkcdelta-thr(295) autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-185287 ARHGAP44 protein Q17R89 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260498 MAP3K6 protein O95382 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr182 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9534 8622669 t Manara "These data indicate that MKK6 phosphorylates p38 MAP kinase on Thr-180 and Tyr-182, the sites of phosphorylation that activate p38 MAP kinase" SIGNOR-260916 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser279 VLKRPERsQEESPPG 9606 12676583 t Manara "Chk2 phosphorylates a subset of the Chk1-targeted sites of Cdc25A | Phosphorylation of serines 123, 178, 278, and 292 regulates both basal and IR-induced accelerated proteolysis of Cdc25A" SIGNOR-260834 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT AKR1C4 protein P17516 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 2044952 f 2 miannu "Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4_/_, HNF-1_, and vHNF-1 regulate the cell-specific expression of the human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4/AKR1C4 gene. HNF-1_ binds to the target element in the rat DBP gene in the liver, while vHNF-1 recognizes a target element in extrahepatic tissues. The ability of vHNF-1-A to activate the rat DBP gene is much higher than that of vHNF-1-C." SIGNOR-239964 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15546612 f gcesareni "Cycc:cdk8 and cyct1:cdk9/p-tefb are recruited with notch and associated coactivators (mam, skip) to the hes1 promoter in signaling cells." SIGNOR-130703 SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004911 20395365 f Regulation miannu "BCL11A and SOX6 co-occupy the human beta-globin cluster along with GATA1, and cooperate in silencing gamma-globin transcription in adult human erythroid progenitors." SIGNOR-251810 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9362449 f "Nck interacts witn ErbB1 through SH2 and SH3 domains" gcesareni "We found that nck does not directly bind to egf receptor, instead it binds via its sh2 domain to a 62 kda phosphotyrosine protein" SIGNOR-52954 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257622 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1951 SPGYSPTsPTYSLTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269372 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1721 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273098 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001033 22035268 f miannu "C-Met expression and activation appears to be one of the common mechanisms of resistance to other targeted therapies. Given these multiple roles of c-Met in prostate cancer, several c-Met inhibitors have been developed. Evidence to date suggests that aberrant activation of the HGF/c-Met axis in prostate cancer epithelial cells appears to be a relatively late event in tumor progression. C-Met expression increases in advanced stages of the disease, with the highest expression observed in bone metastases." SIGNOR-263658 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg737 LAAALGIrSFRNSSL -1 10026263 t lperfetto "Thrombin is considered the physiological activator of factor V and is the most potent activator, catalyzing the cleavage of three peptide bonds at Arg709, Arg1018, and Arg1545" SIGNOR-263646 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr21 YGGAGGYtQSPGGFG -1 9139719 t lperfetto "In this study, we show that efficient phosphorylation of HSSB-p34 by DNA-PK requires Ku as well as DNA. The DNA-PK phosphorylation sites in HSSB-p34 have been mapped at Thr-21 and Ser-33. Kinetic studies demonstrated that a phosphate residue is first incorporated at Thr-21 followed by the incorporation of a second phosphate residue at Ser-33." SIGNOR-248972 "WRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C191 SIGNOR ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20332100 t miannu "The activated WAVE complex at the leading edge of lamellipodia promotes actin polymerization at the plasma membrane by activating the Arp2/3 complex" SIGNOR-253573 reserpine chemical CHEBI:28487 ChEBI SLC18A1 protein P54219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 8643547 t miannu "Reserpine and ketanserin are slightly more potent inhibitors of VMAT2-mediated transport than of VMAT1-mediated transport, whereas tetrabenazine binds to and inhibits only VMAT2." SIGNOR-258492 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser641 DIKILIAsPSPTHIH 9606 BTO:0000567 18519666 t lperfetto "We show that at least two different nuclear protein kinases, one of them identified as p42/p44 mapk, can modify hif-1_. Analysis of in vitro phosphorylated hif-1_ by mass spectroscopy revealed residues ser-641 and ser-643 as possible mapk phosphorylation sites these data suggest that phosphorylation of ser-641/643 by mapk promotes the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of hif-1_" SIGNOR-178731 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT HR protein O43593 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15489903 f miannu "P53 may downregulate HR through multiple mechanisms including the reported associations with the Rad51 and Rad54 recombinases, and the BLM and WRN helicases." SIGNOR-255436 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation 9606 24142698 t Manara "Importantly, we found that PIM2 could directly phosphorylate PKM2 on the Thr-454 residue, resulting in an increase of PKM2 protein levels." SIGNOR-268151 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C14 19632174 t lperfetto "Tak1 become activated and then phosphorylates and activates ikk2 which in turn now phosphorylates ikba, marking it for k48-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. tak1 kinase complex phosphorylates and activates ikk in a manner that depends on traf6 and ubc13-uev1a our studies suggests that tak1_ acts as an upstream activating kinase for ikkbeta." SIGNOR-187242 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1896 SPTSPTYsPTSPVYT 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273101 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT PIK3R3 protein Q92569 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr1346 SFDERQPyAHMNGGR 9415396 t gcesareni "Moreover, we found that the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (igf-ir) bound to p55pik;the interaction occurred at the receptor tyrosine 1316 and involved both p55pik sh2 domains." SIGNOR-52683 PTPN9 protein P43378 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 16679294 t gcesareni "Ectopic expression of ptp-meg2 in cells inhibited insulin-induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, while rnai-mediated reduction of ptp-meg2 transcript levels enhanced insulin action" SIGNOR-146680 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT KIR3DL1 protein P43629 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser385 AGNRTANsEDSDEQD 9606 17911614 t gcesareni "In this study, we have mapped constitutive phosphorylation sites for casein kinases, protein kinase c, and an unidentified kinase on the kir cytoplasmic domain. Three of these phosphorylation sites are highly conserved in human inhibitory kir. Functional studies of the wild-type receptor and serine/threonine mutants indicated that phosphorylation of ser(394) by protein kinase c slightly suppresses kir3dl1 inhibitory function, and reduces receptor internalization and turnover." SIGNOR-158121 LY294002 chemical CHEBI:65329 ChEBI PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0001444 22253445 t lperfetto "From these results, we conclude that LY294002 and wortmannin inhibit SARS pseudovirus entry by targeting PI4KB and that PI4KB is involved in SARS-CoV S-mediated entry into VeroE6 cells." SIGNOR-260731 RAB4A protein P20338 UNIPROT RUFY1 protein Q96T51 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20534812 t Giulio "Here, we have demonstrated that Rab14 interacts with RUFY1, previously identified as a Rab4 effector, and is required for RUFY1 recruitment onto endosomes and efficient recycling of Tfn.|We also found that enlargement of early endosomes mediated by RUFY1 requires its interaction with Rab4" SIGNOR-261280 SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10368279 f gcesareni "Pai-1 is now being identified as a key player in the link between coagulation and the cell adhesion pathways involved in tissue remodeling and metastasis. Active pai-1 (but not its latent or cleaved forms) binds tightly to the adhesive glycoprotein vitronectin in the extracellular matrix." SIGNOR-68478 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser784 GVEKCSDsQSWEDIA 9606 12697768 t llicata "To examine whether the respective sq sites become phosphorylated in vivo, we raised polyclonal antibodies against phosphorylated ser-6 (anti-s6p), phosphorylated ser-25 and ser-29 (anti-s25p/29p), and phosphorylated ser-784 (anti-s784p). All affinity-purified antisera recognized 53bp1" SIGNOR-100653 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser183 PTQQYAKsLPVSVPV -1 SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR-C3 18372248 t lperfetto "Pras40 functions as a negative regulator when bound to mtorc1, and it dissociates from mtorc1 in response to insulin. Pras40 has been demonstrated to be a substrate of mtorc1, and one phosphorylation site, ser-183, has been identified." SIGNOR-178120 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR REV1 protein Q9UBZ9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23287467 t miannu " Here, we show that human REV1 undergoes proteosomal degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase-promoting complex (APC). REV1 associates with APC. Overexpression of APC coactivator CDH1 or CDC20 promotes polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of REV1." SIGNOR-272894 CAPN3 protein P20807 UNIPROT CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25969760 t lperfetto "Calpains also modulate the activity of CDK5. Physiologically, CDK 5 is activated by p35 and its cleaved product p25. The latter has a longer half life than p35 and therefore it is a more potent activator of CDK5. The cleavage of p35 to p25 is mediated by calpain" SIGNOR-251602 metyrapone chemical CHEBI:44241 ChEBI CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21129965 t Luana "In an effort to develop and evaluate new classes of compounds as CYP inhibitors, we based our investigations on the structure of the well-known CYP inhibitor Metyrapone 2, which has been used for the treatment of hypercortisolism and Cushing’ssyndrome for several decades." SIGNOR-257885 MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000142 20493079 t Luana "The selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and (−)-deprenyl were used to study the distribution of monoamine oxidase-A and -B (MAO-A, MAO-B) activities towards (−)-noradrenaline and (+),(−)-adrenaline in homogenates from seven different regions of human brain. Noradreanline and adrenaline were substrates for both forms of the enzyme in all regions studied." SIGNOR-269746 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 DDGYMPMsPGVAPVP 9606 12510059 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-96944 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys37 APSTGGVkKPHRYRP 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-263868 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT FLII protein Q13045 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser436 RLRRRKDsAQDDQAK 9606 19293151 t lperfetto "Here we show that flii is an in vivo substrate of cisk that functions downstream of pi 3-kinase. Cisk can associate with flii and phosphorylate flii at residues ser(436) and thr(818).We demonstrate here that cisk can enhance er transcription, which is dependent on its kinase activity, and mutation of cisk phosphorylation sites on flii attenuates its activity as an er co-activator." SIGNOR-184688 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser249 LSPIDMEsQERIKAE -1 8464713 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the DNA-PK modifies c-Jun in vitro and that serine residue 249 (Ser-249) is required for phosphorylation to occur. This residue corresponds to one of three sites of c-Jun that are phosphorylated in vivo and which negatively regulate c-Jun DNA binding in vitro. However, we find that phosphorylation of c-Jun by the DNA-PK does not interfere with DNA binding, indicating that phosphorylation at other sites is required for this effect." SIGNOR-248934 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 12150915 t lperfetto "We have shown thataktregulates the tsc1-tsc2 complex by directly phosphorylating tsc2. Tsc2 is inactivated by akt-dependent phosphorylation, which destabilizes tsc2 and disrupts its interaction with tsc1. Tsc2 is inactivated by akt-dependent phosphorylation, which destabilizes tsc2 and disrupts its interaction with tsc1akt has been shown to directly phosphorylate two sites on tsc2 (s939 and t1462 on the full-length human protein), which are conserved and phosphorylated in drosophila tsc2, and is likely to phosphorylate two or three additional sites (s981 and s1130/s1132)." SIGNOR-235628 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT KMT5A protein Q9NQR1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser100 SKIYSYMsPNKCSGM 9606 20966048 t "The dephosphorylation of S29 during late mitosis by the Cdc14 phosphatases was required for APC(cdh1)-mediated ubiquitination of PR-Set7 and subsequent proteolysis." SIGNOR-248835 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR MACROH2A1 protein O75367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 15897469 t miannu "BMI1 and MACROH2A1 interact with and are ubiquitinated by the CULLIN3 and SPOP ligase complex. t present, we cannot discriminate the main role in vivo of the polyubiquitinated or monoubiquitinated MACROH2A1, because both modifications can be detected (Fig. 2 d and e and ref. 34).Importantly, RNAi-mediated knock-down of CULLIN3 or SPOP results in loss of MACROH2A1 from the inactivated X chromosome (Xi), leading to reactivation of the Xi in the presence of inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. No significant changes in protein stability were observed, suggesting that ubiquitination serves regulatory functions other than protein degradation of BMI1 and MACROH2A1" SIGNOR-272660 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23136067 f miannu "We examined potential role of SAG in conferring cellular radioresistance, based upon two pieces of evidence. First, SAG is an antioxidant protein that scavenges ROS. R" SIGNOR-271445 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 20332299 t lperfetto "Ligand binding to EGFR also leads to rapid internalization and proteosomal/lysosomal degradation of the receptors. This process results in a dramatic downregulation of both total and cell surface receptors. EGF-induced degradation of EGFR is thought to be initiated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 1045 of the receptor followed by binding of Cbl adaptor proteins and ubiquitination of the receptor. Internalized EGFR is transported to early endosomes where receptor-ligand complexes are sorted for either degradation or recycling to the cell surface." SIGNOR-30794 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 17389598 t lperfetto "Neverthless, some transcription factors, such as e47, er81, srf and creb are also phosphorylated by mk2." SIGNOR-153944 PSMB4 protein P28070 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263355 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SHC2 protein P98077 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11350724 t miannu "Shc exists in three different isoforms, p46shc, p52shc and p66shc which are tyrosine phosphorylated upon egf stimulation and bind to the activated egfr and grb2. Interestingly, while the 46 and 52 kda isoforms increase mitogenic signalling after egf stimulation and are able to transform nih3t3 cells (pelicci et al. 1992), p66shc has no transforming potential and negatively influences egf-induced c-fos transcription" SIGNOR-107750 PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242640 CRKL protein P46109 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005029 28723560 t irozzo "Here, we identify CRKL as a member of the class of PI3Kβ-interacting proteins. Silencing CRKL expression in PTEN-null human cancer cells leads to a decrease in p110β-dependent PI3K signaling and cell proliferation.In conclusion, our study identified CRKL as an important regulator of PI3K activity in PTEN-deficient tumor cells through its association with p110β/p85." SIGNOR-255821 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT PGAM1 protein P18669 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 QVKIWRRsYDVPPPP 9606 BTO:0000130 12189148 t llicata "Activated pak1 inhibits glycolysis by association of its catalytic domain with pgam-b and subsequent phosphorylation of the enzyme on serine residues 23 and 118, thereby abolishing pgam activity." SIGNOR-91602 KPNB1 protein Q14974 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 10846168 t gcesareni "Here we show that the isolated smad 3 mh1 domain displays significant specific binding to importin beta. we propose that activation of all of the pathway-specific smad proteins (smads 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 9) exposes the conserved nls motif, which then binds directly to importin beta and triggers nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-78191 tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29169 ChEBI Leu-tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:16624 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270417 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253480 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257003 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser40 GQGAPGPsLTGSPWP 9606 12421349 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P07101-3" gcesareni "Recombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase (hth1) was found to be phosphorylated by mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (msk1) at ser40 and by p38 regulated/activated kinase (prak) on ser19. Phosphorylation by msk1 induced an increase in vmax. studies on th from several species suggest that ser40 is the main site involved in direct activation of th" SIGNOR-95491 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr215 TVGNKLDtFCGSPPY 9606 14976552 t lperfetto "Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1we recently demonstrated that the lkb1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase strad and the scaffolding protein mo25, phosphorylates and activates amp-activated protein kinase (ampk). A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold" SIGNOR-122545 "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27712625 f miannu "The activated kinases then phosphorylate the signal transducers and transcription factors STAT1 and STAT2, which form a complex with IRF9 (ISGF3) that enters the nucleus to transactivate promoters of an antiviral gene expression program. Genes that are specifically upregulated by IFNs are collectively called ISGs (IFN-stimulated genes). The kinase PKR is an ISG product acting as a signaling PRR on one hand (see earlier), but its main function in antiviral defense is the inhibition of protein synthesis.PKR has a broad antiviral spectrum." SIGNOR-260158 PTPN22 protein Q9Y2R2 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser798 SDISNASsSFGWLSL 9606 BTO:0000782 10068674 t amattioni "The tyrosine phosphatase lyp1 was found to be constitutively associated with the proto-oncogene c-cbl in thymocytes and t cells. Overexpression of lyp1 reduces cbl tyrosine phosphorylation. It is known that cbl is heavily tyrosine phosphorylated after tcr stimulation and can associate with the syk and zap tyrosine kinases, negatively regulating their activities. Tyrosine phosphatases keep cbl in a basally dephosphorylated state." SIGNOR-65405 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr350 EPPDHQYyNDFPGKE 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t gcesareni "The syk-family kinases (syk and zap-70) were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site on shc1 (iso2)." SIGNOR-59651 POFUT1 protein Q9H488 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 12909620 t Fucosylation gcesareni "Notch_ is modified in its epidermal growth factor-like domains by the addition of_ fucose_ to serine or threonine residues. O-fucosylation is mediated by protein o-fucosyltransferase 1 and down-regulation of this enzyme by rna interference or mutation of the ofut1 gene in drosophila or by mutation of the pofut1 gene in mouse prevents notch signaling." SIGNOR-254326 "RING E3 ligase" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF106 SIGNOR Ub:RING_E3 complex SIGNOR-C519 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271377 tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29180 ChEBI Thr-tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29163 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25824639 t miannu "Here we show, using X-ray crystal structures and functional analyses, that a single molecule of borrelidin simultaneously occupies four distinct subsites within the catalytic domain of bacterial and human ThrRSs. These include the three substrate-binding sites for amino acid, ATP and tRNA associated with aminoacylation, and a fourth 'orthogonal' subsite created as a consequence of binding." SIGNOR-270507 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr627 KGDKQVEyLDLDLDS 9606 BTO:0000018 10734310 t miannu "Gab-1 is phosphorylated on the same residues by HGF and EGF receptors. Among 16 peptides only nine were phosphorylated by the EGF and HGF receptors, namely peptides containing the tyrosine residues 285, 307, 373, 407, 448, 473, 590, 628 and 660. we show that in the response to HGF or EGF, Gab1 is phosphorylated in vivo on the same residues. However, a sustained activation of signaling pathways downstream to Gab1 (as a result of its sustained phosphorylation) is achieved only in response to HGF." SIGNOR-250289 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR "form complex" binding cleavage:Asp28 IHGSESMdSGISLDN 15115390 t lperfetto "Caspases are expressed as inactive proenzymes of 30−50 kDa that include an amino-terminal domain of variable length and sequence that is followed by two domains of conserved sequences:  a large subunit (approximately 20 kDa, designated p17 in caspase-3) and a small carboxy-terminal subunit (approximately 10 kDa, designated p12 in caspase-3). Activation is accomplished by proteolytic cleavage between these domains and subsequent assembly of heterotetramers that contain two copies each of the large and small subunits but lack the amino-terminal domains." SIGNOR-256387 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr507 FGESRAStFCGTPDY 10090 BTO:0000944 11959144 t "PP2A(c) displayed the highest specific activity towards PKCdelta. The role of PP2A(c) in the dephosphorylation of PKCdelta in cells was supported by the demonstration that these proteins could be co-immunoprecipitated from NIH3T3 cells.|In conclusion, the evidence here indicates that PKCdelta de-phosphorylation and hence inactivation is effected by PP2A with which it forms a complex" SIGNOR-248594 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser863 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-188916 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT HNRNPH1 protein P31943 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser104 LKHTGPNsPDTANDG 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262776 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 GTLRTSIsVERQIHK 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251446 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1889 SPTTPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273103 BRSK1 protein Q8TDC3 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 ARVLRSKsLCHDEIE 9606 BTO:0000567 15150265 t lperfetto "Hssad1 specifically phosphorylated wee1a, cdc25-c, and -b on ser-642, ser-216, and ser-361 in vitro, respectively phosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-107404 TAF1B protein Q53T94 UNIPROT "SL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C464 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30693017 t lperfetto "SL1 comprises TBP, TAF1A (also known as TAFI48), TAF1B (also known as TAFI63), TAF1C (also known as TAFI110), and TAF1D (also known as TAFI41) and recruits the RNAP1 complex to induce PIC formation." SIGNOR-269565 PCDH15 protein Q96QU1 UNIPROT "TIP-LINK complex" complex SIGNOR-C291 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The adaptor proteins harmonin and SANS, and the motor protein myosin 7a (Myo7a) bind in vitro to each other and to CDH23 (Adato et al., 2005; Bahloul et al., 2010; Boeda et al., 2002; Siemens et al., 2002) and co-localize at the upper insertion site of tip links (Grati and Kachar, 2011; Grillet et al., 2009b), suggesting that they form a protein complex important for transduction." SIGNOR-262575 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr37 PPGDYSTtPGGTLFS 9606 BTO:0000671 18701453 t lperfetto "We found that gsk-3Beta phosphorylates and inactivates 4e-bp1, thereby increasing eif4e-dependent protein synthesis. upon stimulation, 4e-bp1 is phosphorylated on several threonine and serine residues, including thr-37/46 (36). This results in dissolution of the complex, freeing eif4e to bind with mrna cap to promote translation initiation." SIGNOR-236026 HPN protein P05981 UNIPROT F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg212 NASKPQGrIVGGKVC -1 7814421 t lperfetto "Hepsin, a putative membrane-associated serine protease, activates human factor VII and initiates a pathway of blood coagulation on the cell surface leading to thrombin formation|In contrast, an activation cleavage site factor VII mutant, R152E factor VII, was not cleaved by hepsin-transfected cells, suggesting that factor VII and S344A factor VII were activated on these cells by cleavage of the Arg152-Ile153 peptide bond. I" SIGNOR-263638 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1616 TPQSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273104 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser472 RPHFPQFsYSASGRE 10090 17353188 t "Reduction in the levels of both LMW-PTP isoforms in vitro and in vivo increased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and AktSer473 and increased IRS-1- and IRS-2-associated PI3-K activities in both liver and fat.|Activated PI3-K stimulates Akt (or protein kinase B) that in turn phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3" SIGNOR-248457 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 9852261 t gcesareni "Stat6 activation is mediated through jak1 and jak2 tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-62585 "EBV gH:gL:gp42" complex SIGNOR-C403 SIGNOR HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 11864610 t scontino "The EBV gp42 glycoprotein binds MHC class II molecules, playing a critical role in infection of B lymphocytes. The gp42 binds HLA-DR1 using a surface site" SIGNOR-266628 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling as pka suppresses the activity of gli, smo might use the stimulation of pi3k by galfai and gbetagamma subu- nits to block pka in cells that have high levels of camp" SIGNOR-199180 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f gcesareni "As shown in fig. 3a, metformin (0.5 to 2 mmol/l) induced shp gene expression and repressed the camp/dex-induced expression of pepck and g6pase in a dose-dependent manner in h4iie cells" SIGNOR-158065 PPP1R9A protein Q9ULJ8 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001976 15996550 f miannu "Neurabin and spinophilin are preferentially expressed in neurons, where they are highly localized to dendritic spines via an interaction with F-actin. The results obtained in the present study suggest a mechanism by which neurabin or spinophilin contributes to the organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines, and in turn to the regulation of spine morphology, via the activity-dependent recruitment of the Rho-specific GEF Lfc" SIGNOR-269180 PGM2 protein Q96G03 UNIPROT "2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16132 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17804405 t miannu "Biochemical characterization of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isozymes indicated that one of them, designated PGM2 in man (PGM1 in mouse) was more active as a phosphopentomutase than as a phosphoglucomutase, whereas mammalian PGM1 (equivalent to PGM2 in mouse) has a phosphopentomutase activity representing only about 0.2% of its phosphoglucomutase activity. Phosphopentomutase catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses." SIGNOR-267095 2-[[2-[[1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-oxoethyl]-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]amino]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-6-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:93768 ChEBI ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258219 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR AAK1 protein Q2M2I8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 15496985 t Giorgia "We therefore characterised protein ligands using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and confirmed this using Western blotting to recognise both major and minor bands. Some of the more minor interactors are very strongly enriched (AAK, auxilin, Dab2, eps15, epsin1 and synaptojanin170). All these enriched proteins have multiple copies of short alpha‐appendage interaction motifs" SIGNOR-260393 MTMR3 protein Q13615 UNIPROT 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57880 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18429927 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 can be dephosphorylated by the 3-phosphatase myotubularins (MTMs), leading to the production of PtdIns5P. Myotubularins also dephosphorylate PtdIns3P into PtdIns" SIGNOR-269811 CCDC102B protein Q68D86 UNIPROT CROCC protein Q5TZA2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 30404835 t lperfetto "CCDC102B is recruited to the centrosome by C-Nap1 (also known as CEP250) and interacts with the centrosome linker components rootletin and LRRC45. CCDC102B decorates and facilitates the formation of rootletin filaments. Furthermore, CCDC102B is phosphorylated by Nek2A (an isoform encoded by NEK2) and is disassociated from the centrosome at the onset of mitosis." SIGNOR-275628 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr688 FAEPYNLySSLKELV 9534 BTO:0004055 9461588 t "the regulatory p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. We report that this phosphorylation event is readily catalyzed by the Abl and Lck protein-tyrosine kinases in vitro, by Bcr-Abl or a catalytically activated Lck-Y505F in co-transfected COS cells. we have mapped a major phosphorylation site to Tyr-688 in the C-terminal SH2 domain of p85. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p85 in vitro or in vivo was not associated with detectable change in the enzymatic activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase heterodimer, but correlated with a strong reduction in the binding of some, but not all, phosphoproteins to the SH2 domains of p85." SIGNOR-251383 KREMEN1 protein Q96MU8 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12050670 f gcesareni "Dkk1 has been shown to inhibit wnt signalling by binding to and antagonizing lrp5/6. Here we show that the transmembrane proteins kremen1 and kremen2 are high-affinity dkk1 receptors that functionally cooperate with dkk1 to block wnt/beta-catenin signalling." SIGNOR-88891 TNFRSF21 protein O75509 UNIPROT TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "Dr6 interacts with tradd" SIGNOR-100184 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15894802 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-270275 UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256922 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser343 SMADVKFsFQCPGRM 9606 11313365 t lperfetto "Although ilk has been shown to autophosphorylate serine 343 (s343) is in the hydrophobic motif fsf within the activation loop of the kinase domain and has previously been suggested to be the target of autophosphorylation (9). Mutation of serine 343 to alanine (s343a) resulted in the inability of ilk to stimulate phosphorylation of pkb/akt in cos cells (9)." SIGNOR-106838 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT CAV3 protein P56539 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0001538 15199055 f "Furthermore, we show that the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and caveolin-3 promoters are directly regulated by ROR and coactivated by p300 and PGC-1. This study implicates RORs in the control of lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-254261 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser203 DLEFSSGsPGKETNE -1 9199329 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylate the rat glucocorticoid receptor in vitro at distinct sites that together correspond to the major phosphorylated receptor residues observed in vivo; MAPK phosphorylates receptor residues threonine 171 and serine 246, whereas multiple CDK complexes modify serines 224 and 232.|MAPKs and CDKs exert opposite effects on receptor transcriptional enhancement. From our results, we speculate that activators of the MAPK pathway, such as growth factors, insulin, and certain oncoproteins, or inhibitors of CDK function, such as tumor growth factor beta (TGF_), p21, and p27, might attenuate receptor-induced transcrip- tional responses. In contrast, negative regulators of MAPK, such as pKA, as well as activators of CDK, such as the cyclins or CAKs, should potentiate receptor action." SIGNOR-249426 CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16760425 t miannu "We report that CP110 interacts with two different Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and centrin, in vivo. our data demonstrate a functional role for CaM binding to CP110 and suggest that CP110 cooperates with CaM and centrin to regulate progression through cytokinesis." SIGNOR-265965 DAMPS stimulus SIGNOR-ST18 SIGNOR MEFV protein O15553 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f lperfetto "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-256422 RPL18 protein Q07020 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262481 LAMTOR4 protein Q0VGL1 UNIPROT LAMTOR complex SIGNOR-C26 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t lperfetto "Mammals express four rag proteinsRaga, ragb, ragc, and ragdthat form heterodimers consisting of raga or ragb with ragc or ragd. Raga and ragb, like ragc and ragd, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-164778 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 17132853 t miannu "The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma." SIGNOR-256194 FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t areggio "Upon ligand binding, DVL proteins are recruited to Frizzled receptors at the plasma membrane and co-recruit cytoplasmic transducers, such as Axin, CK1 and GSK3 binding protein (GBP), presumably along with their partners, to promote ?-catenin-dependent signalling. " SIGNOR-258962 "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35 Three different subunits have been identified in humans: PFK-M (muscle), PFK-L (liver), and PFK-P (platelet).The subunits are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and, in erythrocytes, 5 isoenzymes of varying subunit composition (M4, M3L1, M2L2, ML3, and L4) can be identified." SIGNOR-266463 FBXL7 protein Q9UJT9 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002268 25778398 t miannu "Fbxl7 targets survivin for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation.these data suggest that the Skp1·Cul1·F-box protein complex subunit Fbxl7 modulates mitochondrial function by controlling the cellular abundance of survivin. These results suggest that both Lys-90 and Lys-91 are critical for Fbxl7-mediated polyubiquitylation." SIGNOR-272436 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr135 TVQQHPStPKRHTVL 9606 BTO:0000007 21209322 t lperfetto "High nacl-induced activation of cdk5 increases phosphorylation of the osmoprotective transcription factor tonebp/orebp at threonine 135, which contributes to its rapid nuclear localization. we performed in vitro kinase assays using the tonebp/orebp peptide containing t135 as substrate (figure 3b, right panel) and various recombinant kinases. The peptide is strongly phosphorylated by cdk5, less by cdk1." SIGNOR-170882 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF157 protein Q96PX1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270959 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation." SIGNOR-265920 WASF2 protein Q9Y6W5 UNIPROT "WAVE complex" complex SIGNOR-C271 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15070726 t lperfetto "Here we purify Wave-2 from HeLa cells. Five proteins, Sra, Nap, Wave-2, Abi, and Hspc, are copurified, indicating that they form a tight complex. " SIGNOR-261871 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24856037 f miannu "MTORC1 and mTORC2 converge on c-Myc to control metabolic reprogramming in cancer. mTORC1 and mTORC2 conspire to link growth factor receptor–PI3K signaling with c-Myc-dependent metabolic reprogramming by controlling both c-Myc levels and activity" SIGNOR-256171 ETV4 protein P43268 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24983502 f miannu "Transcriptional activation of oct4 by the ets transcription factor pea3 in nccit human embryonic carcinoma cells" SIGNOR-205173 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 18418385 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "However, within T/G-Mediator, cdk8 phosphorylates serine-10 on histone H3, which in turn stimulates H3K14 acetylation by GCN5L within the complex. Tandem phosphoacetylation of H3 correlates with transcriptional activation, and ChIP assays demonstrate co-occupancy of T/G-Mediator components at several activated genes in vivo." SIGNOR-273171 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 16456541 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "B56-containing pp2a dephosphorylate erk and their activity is controlled by the early gene iex-1 and erk" SIGNOR-269900 "Sumanirole maleate" chemical CID:9818478 PUBCHEM DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207594 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263850 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 10559858 t miannu "P45 SKP2 binds to a specific domain of E2F-1. We propose a model in which an SCFSKP2-dependent ubiquitination pathway contributes to the timely ubiquitination and degradation of E2F-1 in the S/G2 phases of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-272557 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1267 PATGEQVyQQDWAQN -1 10195142 t lperfetto "To gain further insight into the roles of Src and Fyn in the phosphorylation and regulation of the NMDA receptor, we have characterized the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src and FynIn the case of NR2A, three potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been proposed: Tyr1105, Tyr1267 and Tyr1387 (Zheng et al. 1998; Bi et al. 2000), all of which are similarly located in the C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-247167 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 17213822 f miannu "Our results suggest that the interaction between ETS1 and GFI1 facilitates their binding to specific sites on the Bax promoter and represses Bax expression in vivo." SIGNOR-254204 G6PC2 protein Q9NQR9 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266583 hexestrol chemical CHEBI:31669 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258593 CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr119 GAARVIGtLLGTVDK 19245811 t lperfetto "Here, we identified a second eIF3f phosphorylation site (Thr119) by CDK11(p46) during apoptosis. We demonstrated that eIF3f is directly phosphorylated by CDK11(p46) in vivo. Phosphorylation of eIF3f plays an important role in regulating its function in translation and apoptosis. Phosphorylation of eIF3f enhances the association of eIF3f with the core eIF3 subunits during apoptosis. " SIGNOR-273132 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1861 TPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273105 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15722337 t miannu "The interaction of phosphorylated grb10 with 14-3-3 may lead to the translocation of grb10 back to the cytosol" SIGNOR-134198 BLOC-3 complex SIGNOR-C253 SIGNOR RAB38 protein P57729 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 23174301 t lperfetto "HPS1/HPS4 was active exclusively for RAB32 and RAB38. Moreover, when overexpressed with HPS1 in HeLa cells, a mitochondrially restricted form of HPS4 preferentially recruited GFP-tagged RAB32 or RAB38 – but not the related RAB7 or RAB9 – to mitochondria. Activity in both assays required both HPS1 and HPS4. Finally, depletion of HPS1 or HPS4 by siRNA in a pigmented human melanoma cell line, MNT-1, resulted in the mislocalization of RAB32. These data provide strong evidence that BLOC-3 is a selective GEF for RAB32 and RAB38 " SIGNOR-260694 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser668 INTKALQsPKRPRSP 9606 10648599 t lperfetto "Tfii-i can be phosphorylated in vitro by erk and mutation of consensus map kinase substrate sites at serines 627 and 633 impairs the phosphorylation of tfii-i by erk and its activity on the c-fos promoter. These results suggest that erk regulates the activity of tfii-i by direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-74296 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT Brown_adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH27 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18719589 f fspada "Here we demonstrate that whereas some members of the family of bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) support white adipocyte differentiation, bmp7 singularly promotes differentiation of brown preadipocytes even in the absence of the normally required hormonal induction cocktail." SIGNOR-180305 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr74 ARTSPLQtPAAPGAA 9606 BTO:0000567 10669763 t lperfetto "In endothelial cells, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) induces dephosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2. Here, we investigate the role of different putative phosphorylation sites to facilitate bcl-2 degradation" SIGNOR-74927 GMIP protein Q9P107 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260507 U0126 chemical CHEBI:90693 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 9873633 t gcesareni "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity. u0126 was found to functionally antagonize ap-1 transcriptional activity via noncompetitive the dual specificity kinase mek with an ic50 of 0.07 microm for mek 1 and 0.06 microm for mek 2." SIGNOR-62892 ARHGAP20 protein Q9P2F6 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260474 FOXP2 protein O15409 UNIPROT FOXP2 protein O15409 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 16407075 t miannu "Our studies also reveal that the FOXP2 forkhead domain can form a domain-swapped dimer. The most surprising finding from these studies is that the FOXP2 forkhead domain can form a domain-swapped dimer. Disease-related mutations, sequence comparison, and biochemical analyses argue strongly that this domain swapping is a physiologically relevant function evolved in the P branch of FOX proteins." SIGNOR-225738 PFKP protein Q01813 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266469 "diarsenic trioxide" chemical CHEBI:30621 ChEBI PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24344243 t "ATO was shown to degrade PML-RARa via its PML moiety further reinforcing the idea that APL is addicted to the PML-RARa oncoprotein" SIGNOR-259924 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259792 PHF12 protein Q96QT6 UNIPROT TLE2 protein Q04725 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11390640 t miannu "We have cloned and characterized a new member of the PHD zinc finger family called Pf1 that interacts with two global transcription corepressors: mSin3A and TLE. Pf1 interacts with TLE. The Groucho/TLE proteins are members of an abundant corepressor family, and we hypothesized that Pf1 might interact with TLE family members. Together, these data suggest that in the absence of interactions with mSin3A, Gal4-Pf1 (102–273 L212P/A216P)-dependent repression can be attributed to interaction with endogenous TLE." SIGNOR-266992 TPH1 protein P17752 UNIPROT tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:27897 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "In serotonergic neurons Trp serves as the precursor for 5-HT. The 5-HT metabolic pathway is initiated by Trp being hydroxylated to the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to become 5-HT|Thus, the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of 5-HT is the hydroxylation of Trp which is catalyzed by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) (Figure 1). This enzyme is specific for 5-HT producing cells, however, it is present in two different isoforms, TPH1 and TPH2 [reviewed in (22, 23)]." SIGNOR-264009 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr51 ASPHCPVyVPDPTST 9606 BTO:0000007 10934191 t "Hck transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293T cells was found to be phosphorylated at Tyr-29 and Tyr-388, proving that Hck can also undergo autophosphorylation at both sites in vivo. autophosphorylation of Tyr-29 contributes significantly to the activation of Hck." SIGNOR-251265 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1910 TPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273106 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR 9606 BTO:0000567 15791647 t lperfetto "A role for PKN1 in mediating arsenite-induced G(2)/M delay was supported by the finding that expression of a constitutively active form of PKN1 (PKN1AF3) in HeLa cells delayed the mitotic entry of cell cycle. Further experiments indicate that PKN1 directly phosphorylated serine 216 (Ser216) in Cdc25C, which then facilitated association between Cdc25C and 14-3-3." SIGNOR-249277 AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 23479728 t lperfetto "Furthermore, the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAC, HtrA2, and ARTS were significantly enhanced in AREL1-expressing cells following apoptotic stimulation, indicating that AREL1 binds to and ubiquitinates cytosolic but not mitochondria-associated forms of IAP antagonists|" SIGNOR-267668 CNTFR protein P26992 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10582086 f gcesareni "Clc/clf activates stat1 and stat3." SIGNOR-72774 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr287 RDPLLEVyDVPPSVE 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246405 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20373869 t lperfetto "Ultimately, both the AKT and MAPK transduction pathways regulate FASN expression through the modulation of expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, which binds to regulatory elements in the FASN promoter. Proto-oncogene FBI-1 (Pokemon), a transcription factor of the bric--brac tramtrack broad complex/pox viruses and zinc fingers (BTB/POZ) domain family, interacts directly with SREBP-1c through its DNA-binding domain to synergistically activate the transcription of FASN" SIGNOR-242884 FBXO3 protein Q9UK99 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25721664 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxo3 targets Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we show that another F-box protein Fbxo3, belonging to the FBXO type protein family, also interacts with and targets Smurf1 for poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The SCF complex is composed of F-box protein, Skp1, Cullin1 (Cul1) and ROC1. Fbxo3, whose substrates are few, forms SCF Fbxo3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates the degradations of Fbxl2, p62, HIPK2 and p300 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272444 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT TBXA2R protein P21731-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser239 AQQRPRDsEVEMMAQ 9606 16956790 t done miannu " These data suggest a model whereby agonist-induced PKC phosphorylation of Ser(145) partially impairs TPbeta signalling while GRK2/3 phosphorylation at both Ser(239) and Ser(357) within its IC(3) and C-tail domains, respectively, sterically inhibits G-protein coupling, profoundly desensitizing signalling, and promotes beta-arrestin association and, in turn, facilitates TPbeta internalization." SIGNOR-274090 DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002295 31063459 t lperfetto "Importantly, we found that crosstalk between phosphorylated Drp1S600 (p-Drp1S600) and the actin-binding protein com- plex Arp2/3 is a required step in mitochondrial Drp1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission under HG conditions." SIGNOR-262550 INPP4B protein O15327 UNIPROT "phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37328 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21127264 t gcesareni "Collectively this data indicates INPP4B is the only PtdIns(3,4)P2 4-phosphatase expressed in breast cancer cells and suggests a correlation between INPP4B and hormone receptor status in human breast cancer" SIGNOR-252433 Cell-Cell_contact stimulus SIGNOR-ST13 SIGNOR CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24532814 f milica "Adherens junctions and the cadheriBeta-catenin complex have been found to activate the Hippo signaling pathway and inhibit cell growth. Cadherin-mediated stimulation of the Hippo signaling pathway requires cadherin ligation and the formation of a homophilic bond – consistent with a role in cell-cell contact – and works owing to phosphorylation of YAP by Lats and nuclear exclusion of YAP." SIGNOR-230707 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr529 TPGSRSRtPSLPTPP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251594 NYYJKMXNVNFOFQ-MHZLTWQESA-N chemical CID:9829836 PUBCHEM ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "There were several β3-selective compounds (e.g. AZ 40140d, L 755507, L 748337 and TAK 677)" SIGNOR-257856 IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000551 20966354 t lperfetto "Irs proteins are capable of both regulating and activating pi3k, depending on the cell of origin." SIGNOR-256170 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR NLRP3 protein Q96P20 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 28531279 f lperfetto "Different mechanisms have been proposed for NLRP3 activation, including potassium efflux, calcium influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidized mitochondrial DNA, translocation of cardiolipin from the inner mitochondrial membrane, phagosome destabilization, perturbation in cell volume and pore-formation mechanisms driven by the host or bacteria" SIGNOR-256427 CTTNBP2NL protein Q9P2B4 UNIPROT STRN protein O43815 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23015759 t miannu "Although CTTNBP2 and CTTNBP2NL are different in terms of tissue and subcellular distribution, our data indicate that, similar to CTTNBP2NL, CTTNBP2 associates with members of the striatin family, namely striatin and zinedin. Moreover, CTTNBP2 is critical for the distribution of striatin and zinedin in dendritic spines. The role of CTTNBP2 in the regulation of the synaptic distribution of striatin and zinedin suggests that CTTNBP2 regulates synaptic signaling through PP2A." SIGNOR-261702 oxaprozin chemical CHEBI:7822 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000132;BTO:0003652 9650852 t miannu "We used human platelets cyclooxygenase-1 and interleukin-1beta-stimulated human synovial cell cyclooxygenase-2 for measuring cyclooxygenase selectivity. The presence of the enzymes was confirmed by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analysis, and by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Mean IC50 values (microM) for human platelet cyclooxygenase-1 and interleukin-1beta-stimulated human synovial cell cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclooxygenase-1/-2 IC50 ratio of various NSAIDs were as follows: aspirin, 3.2, 26, 0.12; diclofenac, 0.037, 0.00097, 38; etodolac, 122, 0.68, 179; ibuprofen, 3.0, 3.5, 0.86; indomethacin, 0.013, 0.044, 0.30; loxoprofen (active metabolite), 0.38, 0.12, 3.2; NS-398, 12, 0.0095, 1263; oxaprozin, 2.2, 36, 0.061; zaltoprofen, 1.3, 0.34, 3.8; respectively." SIGNOR-258929 RBBP7 protein Q16576 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263848 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr312 TNGEFKMtDPDEVAR 9606 24058639 t miannu "After tgf-_ stimulation, fli1 phosphorylation by protein kinase c-_ induces disassembly of this transcription repressor complex and the acetylation of fli1 by pcaf, leading to the loss of fli1 dna binding. / phosphorylation of fli1 at threonine 312 decreases its interactions with p300 and hdac1" SIGNOR-202693 KDM2A protein Q9Y2K7 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT down-regulates demethylation Lys218 EIFLLCDkVQKEDIE 9606 SIGNOR-C13 20080798 t miannu "Fbxl11 and nsd1 have opposite effects on nf-kb; both bind to p65 subunit after activation of nf-kb. / nsd1 activates nf-kb and reverses the inhibitory effect of fbxl11 / these data confirm that fbxl11 and nsd1 constitute an enzyme pair that methylates and demethylates p65 on k218 and 221 in response to cytokine stimulation." SIGNOR-163384 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT BLZF1 protein Q9H2G9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 21478859 t lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263384 TTBK2 protein Q6IQ55 UNIPROT KIF2A protein O00139 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser135 SSAQQNGsVSDISPV 9534 26323690 t Manara "TTBK2 phosphorylates KIF2A primarily at growing MT ends and counteracts the depolymerization activity of KIF2A" SIGNOR-260926 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20089851 f Regulation miannu "PGC-1α has been reported to induce Mn-SOD expression" SIGNOR-251762 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257518 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C18 21902831 t gcesareni "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-176527 BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32544088 t lperfetto "In this study, we explored the role of Brd4 and its interaction with the p300 acetyltransferase in the regulation of Nox4 and the in vivo efficacy of a BET inhibitor to reverse established age-associated lung fibrosis. |Together, these studies suggest that Brd4 enhances p300-mediated histone acetylation." SIGNOR-262064 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t lperfetto "Upon dephosphorylation by calcineurin, nfatc2, also referred to as nfatp/nfat1, translocates to the nucleus where it directly associates with mef2a and -d. Nfatc2 stimulates mef2-dependent transcription by facilitating recruitment of the p300 coactivator to mef2-response elements." SIGNOR-117589 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 8650155 t gcesareni "These results confirm that the activity changes observed are achieved by a reversible phosphorylation mechanism, and also argue that pp2a may negatively regulate rac-pk activity in vivo. Dephosphorylation of the activated rac-pk in itro by pp2ac resulted in an 87% reduction of kinase activity" SIGNOR-42050 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9148896 t lperfetto "These data suggest a regulatory model in which MyoD activation during myogenesis causes the down-regulation of Sp1, which contributes to the repression of GLUT1 gene transcription and, therefore, leads to the reduction in GLUT1 expression and glucose transport." SIGNOR-241765 SETD1A protein O15047 UNIPROT "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12670868 t miannu "Our analysis of HCF-1-associated proteins suggests that a K4 histone H3 HMT complex has been conserved from yeast to humans in both structure and activity: the Set1/Ash2 HMT. The results presented here show that this Set1/Ash2 HMT complex, in mutually exclusive interactions, can associate with HCF-1 bound to the repressive Sin3 HDAC or the transcriptional activator VP16, indicating a diversity of transcriptional regulatory roles." SIGNOR-264478 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC20P protein Q6DN03 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSIYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271988 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23115649 t gcesareni "Irs-1 is the major signaling protein that socs3 targets to inhibit insulin signaling" SIGNOR-199361 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT KALRN protein O60229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser487 DVLQRPLsPGNSESL -1 22508986 t miannu "The brain-specific nucleotide exchange factor kalirin-7 (Kal7) was identified as an MK5 interaction partner and substrate protein. The MK5 substrate Kal7, a Rho GEF and known activator of Rac GTPases, further contributes to PAK activation and actin filament reorganization. Thus, the coordinated phosphorylation of Borg proteins and Kal7 by ERK3 and MK5 constitute a novel signaling cascade involving feed-forward circuits, multiple GTPases, and cytoskeletal elements. The fragment SR3-6, but not the mutated fragment SR3-6-S487A, is phosphorylated by MK5." SIGNOR-263093 UBE2J1 protein Q9Y385 UNIPROT DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys244 KIAYLGGkGPFSYNL 9606 BTO:0001379 29892818 t scontino "ER residency places D2 physically close to an array of proteins that interact and modify the D2 molecule via ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasomal system, explaining its relatively short half-life. Both ubiquitin conjugases UBC6 and or UBC7 interact with D2 and support D2 ubiquitination. Two Lys residues in D2 are involved in this process, K237 and K244." SIGNOR-267482 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 LSDTPYDsSASYEKE 9606 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway / these results suggest that ck2 kinase directly phosphorylates amino acids 13, 23, 63, 101 and 294 in vivo" SIGNOR-174848 PTPRS protein Q13332 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 27225731 f miannu "LAR (for leukocyte common antigen-related) is a family of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) with three known members: LAR/PTPRF, PTPδ/PTPRD, and PTPσ/PTPRS. In mammals, LAR-RPTPs have been shown to regulate dendrite and excitatory synapse development and maintenance" SIGNOR-264091 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 9606 BTO:0000671 9335553 t lperfetto "These results indicate that activation of protein kinase c stimulates a kinase which can phosphorylate insulin receptor substrate-1 at serine 612, resulting in an inhibition of insulin signaling in the cell these data suggest that: 1) activation of pkctheta contributes to ikk and jnk activation by ffas;2) ikk and jnk mediate pkctheta signals for irs-1 serine phosphorylation and degradation; ser-302 phosphorylation is dependent on pi 3-kinase/mtor, whereas ser-307 depends on c-jun nh2-terminal kinase to inhibit irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Ser-636 is located around the pi 3-kinase binding site and, therefore, thought to inhibit pi 3-kinase signaling." SIGNOR-52700 NCAPH2 protein Q6IBW4 UNIPROT "Condensin II" complex SIGNOR-C342 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263910 POLR2D protein O15514 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266164 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser50 SPTFRSDsPVPTAPT 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265945 CEP43 protein O95684 UNIPROT FGFR1OP/CEP350 complex SIGNOR-C52 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16314388 t miannu "Here we show that cap350 and fop (fgfr1 oncogene partner) form a centrosomal complex required for mt anchoring." SIGNOR-142358 RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT ATRIP protein Q8WXE1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Ssdna lesions are then coated by replication protein a (rpa), recruiting atr/atrip (atr-interacting protein) complexes via recognition and association of rpa-ssdna by atrip." SIGNOR-163176 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 19282669 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-270146 FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 24315995 f alessandro "FoxP3, a lineage-specification factor, executes its multiple activities mostly through transcriptional regulation of target genes. We identified an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing FoxP3(+) T regulatory cell population that contributes to IL-10-dependent type 2 cytokine bias in breast-cancer patients. Although genetic ablation of FOXP3 inhibited IL10 transcription, genome-wide analysis ruled out its role as a transcription factor for IL10" SIGNOR-254525 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15626738 t "FLT3-ITD-TKD dual mutants induce hyperactivation of STAT5 and up-regulation of its downstream targets Bcl-x(L) and RAD51 in Ba/F3 cells" SIGNOR-261552 FGF6 protein P10767 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8663044 t gcesareni "The nine known fgf ligands and the four signaling fgf receptors (and their alternatively spliced variants) are expressed in specific spatial and temporal patterns. The activity of this signaling pathway is regulated by ligand binding specificity, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and the differential signaling capacity of individual fgf receptors." SIGNOR-42380 HMGA2 protein P52926 UNIPROT E4F1 protein Q66K89 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 14645522 t miannu "Here we show that hmga2 associates with the e1a-regulated transcriptional repressor p120(e4f), interfering with p120(e4f) binding to the cyclin a promoter" SIGNOR-119537 AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr866 EVHPAGRyVLCPSTT -1 9178760 t llicata "Our data showed that various receptor substrates are at least associated with the C-terminal tyrosine pY821. Two additional potential autophosphorylation sites (pY866 and pY779) may play a minor role in binding of e€ector proteins" SIGNOR-250593 "CHIR 99021" chemical CHEBI:91091 ChEBI GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190997 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR DROSHA protein Q9NRR4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser300 RHRDNRRsPSLERSY 9606 BTO:0000007 25699712 t lperfetto "Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of Drosha at multiple sites including S300 promotes its translocation to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, GSK3beta can phosphorylate Drosha at S300 and S302 in vitro. This has been reported to promote the nuclear localization of Drosha under basal condition (Tang et al., 2011). Thus, it appears that phosphorylation of S300 by GSK3beta and p38 MAPK is involved in opposing processes. " SIGNOR-264847 TJP1 protein Q07157 UNIPROT ARVCF protein O00192 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9615 BTO:0000837 15456900 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "We identified ARVCF as a binding partner of ZO-1 and ZO-2 and characterized the role of PDZ-domain proteins in plasma membrane and nuclear localization of ARVCF. E-cadherin, ZO-1, and ARVCF are recruited to sites of initial cell-cell contact. Binding of the ZO-1 PDZ domains per se does not facilitate membrane recruitment of ARVCF, indicating a requirement for the intact ZO-1 and possibly its association with membrane proteins and/or the cytoskeleton for this process." SIGNOR-252121 RFX1 protein P22670 UNIPROT HLA-DOB protein P13765 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11823510 f "Class II transactivator is required for maximal expression of HLA-DOB in B cells|HLA-DO, encoded by the HLA-DOA and HLA-DOB genes, has been shown to function as a modulator of Ag presentation. DNA microarray comparisons between B cells wild-type and mutant for the master regulator of MHC class II transcription, class II transactivator (CIITA), identified HLA-DOA and HLA-DOB as being up-regulated by CIITA." SIGNOR-254022 sorafenib chemical CHEBI:50924 ChEBI RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21654832 t gcesareni "Inhibition of map kinases mek, jnk, p38, and multikinases (braf, craf, vegfp by sorafenib) in wm-115 and m14 human melanoma cell lines led to either significant reduction or complete inhibition of the plk-1 protein expression." SIGNOR-174039 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 28363951 t lperfetto "This calciotropic hormone exerts its actions via binding to the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PTH1R), which couples to multiple heterotrimeric G proteins, including Gs and Gq/11." SIGNOR-270550 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1080 IFYYFSNsPSKRLRE 9606 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104671 threonine smallmolecule CHEBI:26986 ChEBI Thr-tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29163 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25824639 t miannu "Here we show, using X-ray crystal structures and functional analyses, that a single molecule of borrelidin simultaneously occupies four distinct subsites within the catalytic domain of bacterial and human ThrRSs. These include the three substrate-binding sites for amino acid, ATP and tRNA associated with aminoacylation, and a fourth 'orthogonal' subsite created as a consequence of binding." SIGNOR-270508 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1763 TPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273108 ASB2 protein Q96Q27 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 18799729 t miannu "ASB2 is the specificity subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and is proposed to exert its effects by regulating the turnover of specific proteins; however, no ASB2 substrates had been identified. Here, we report that ASB2 targets the actin-binding proteins filamin A and B for proteasomal degradation. " SIGNOR-271740 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser261 TGHGLRRsSKFCLKE -1 1848190 t lperfetto "We investigate the role of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation by protein kinase C in this regulatory process. Mutation of the serine-261, -262, -344 and -345 of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor prevented the phorbol-ester-induced phosphorylation of the receptor. This mutation also abolished the phorbol-ester-induced decrease in high-affinity agonist binding and potency of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor. We suggest that protein kinase C mediated phosphorylation of the receptor promotes its functional uncoupling." SIGNOR-248854 AGPAT4 protein Q9NRZ5 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 21173190 t lperfetto "The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA).¬†" SIGNOR-267014 ACOT8 protein O14734 UNIPROT succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271810 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26259146 t miannu "Moreover, CDK1 phosphorylates RSF1 at Ser1375, and this phosphorylation is necessary for PLK1 recruitment. Subsequently, PLK1 phosphorylates RSF1 at Ser1359, stabilizing PLK1 deposition." SIGNOR-273589 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser58 VVGARRSsWRVVSSI 9606 BTO:0000007 11956222 t lperfetto "Ese data indicate that pkb/akt phosphorylates ser-58 on 14-3-3zeta both in vitro and in intact cells. The functional relevance of this phosphorylation remains to be determined." SIGNOR-244381 ACSL5 protein Q9ULC5 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acid anion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57560 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24269233 t "ACSs catalyze the conversion of FAs to their active form acyl-CoAs. The human genome codes for 26 ACS isozymes, which are classified into six subfamilies based on their substrate specificities toward the chain length of FAs and on sequence similarity" SIGNOR-267713 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258995 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002817 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253810 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT DGKD protein Q16760 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser66 MLTKQNNsFQRSKRR 9534 15228384 t lperfetto "The plasma membrane translocation of diacylglycerol kinase delta1 is negatively regulated by conventional protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation at Ser-22 and Ser-26 within the pleckstrin homology domain." SIGNOR-249265 NLGN4Y protein Q8NFZ3 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264143 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16885021 t gcesareni "Claspin degradation was triggered by its interaction with, and ubiquitylation by, the scfbetatrcp ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-148438 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 9155018 t "These results indicate that MNK1 is a novel class of protein kinase that is activated through both the ERK and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways" SIGNOR-253013 cabozantinib chemical CHEBI:72317 ChEBI AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000184 26536165 t miannu "Cabozantinib (XL184) is a small-molecule kinase inhibitor with potent activity toward MET and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), as well as a number of other receptor tyrosine kinases that have also been implicated in tumor pathobiology, including RET, KIT, AXL, and FLT3." SIGNOR-262241 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258169 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr523 AGSTDENtDSEEHQE 9606 20471329 t lperfetto "Xrcc1 phosphorylation by ck2 is required for its stability and efficient dna repair. Rcc1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by ck2, and ck2 phosphorylation of xrcc1 on s518, t519, and t523" SIGNOR-165435 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2394 LHHSLSHsLLAVAQA 9606 24695856 t lperfetto "C-nap1 hyperphosphorylation triggers the loss of both oligomerization and, crucially, interaction with the core centriole proximal-end protein, cep135. All three of these sites were identified in our in vivo analysis but only two (s2234 and s2394) were identified as nek2 phosphorylation sites in vitro." SIGNOR-204837 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TTC3 protein P53804 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser378 AYTPRSLsAPIFTTS 9606 20059950 t llicata "Phosphorylation of ttc3 at ser378 is required for efficient biological function together, these observations support that ttc3 is a phosphorylation target of akt both in an in vitro and in a cellular context" SIGNOR-252508 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CRMP1 protein Q14194 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr509 PVYEVPAtPKYATPA 9606 BTO:0000938 16611631 t lperfetto "In summary, phosphorylation of thr509 of human crmp1 appears to be regulated by two mechanisms; direct phosphorylation by cdk5, or by priming of ser522 by cdk5 followed by sequential phosphorylation of ser518, thr514, and thr509 by gsk3." SIGNOR-145995 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22056382 f "Tnf-α enhanced the transcriptional activity of a classical Notch target gene via Ikk2 by inducing histone H3 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-253585 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1101 GCRRRHSsETFSSTP 9606 BTO:0000975 17360977 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 initiates insulin signaling, whereas serine/threonine phosphorylation alters the ability of IRS-1 to transduce the insulin signalInsulin increased the phosphorylation of Ser312, Ser616, Ser636, Ser892, Ser1101, and Ser1223" SIGNOR-236022 PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT APOH protein P02749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Lys336 HSSLAFWKTDASDVK 9606 BTO:0000131 9596664 t lperfetto "Plasmin can reduce the function of human beta2 glycoprotein I by cleaving domain V into a nicked form| The cleavage site of r-Domain V and beta2GPI by plasmin was proved to be Lys 317-Thr 318 by amino acid sequence analysis of the digest and of the C-terminal peptide isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The cleavage was completely inhibited by plasmin inhibitor (alpha2PI). The nicked form was demonstrated to show reduced affinity for CL with a dissociation constant of one order of magnitude larger than that of the intact beta2GPI." SIGNOR-266996 P2RY12 protein Q9H244 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256712 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22693070 t lperfetto "The transcription factors stat1, stat3, and stat5 are directly phosphorylated by erbb-1, subsequent to which they dimerize through phosphotyrosine-sh2 domain interactions and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene trascription critical for proliferation" SIGNOR-235689 KIRREL3 protein Q8IZU9 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004032 28381988 t miannu "We here report that, through its C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif, Neph2 directly interacts with postsynaptic density (PSD)-95, an abundant excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein. Moreover, Neph2 protein is detected in the brain PSD fraction and interacts with PSD-95 in synaptosomal lysates. Functionally, loss of Neph2 in mice leads to age-specific defects in the synaptic connectivity of DG neurons." SIGNOR-269079 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg212 NASKPQGrIVGGKVC 9606 BTO:0000131 12524220 t lperfetto "The factor VII zymogen is cleaved at arginine 152 by a variety of proteases, including thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, and factor VIIa–tissue factor to produce the serine protease factor VIIa." SIGNOR-263521 ARHGAP33 protein O14559 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260491 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20708156 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by casein kinase i promotes the turnover of the mdm2 oncoprotein via the scf(beta-trcp) ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-167520 (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-6-(phenylmethylene)-1,2,4,5,7a,13-hexahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-one chemical CHEBI:125500 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258775 WNT7B protein P56706 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131978 VPS11 protein Q9H270 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21148287 t Sara "The interaction between the full-length Vps11 and ezrin was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down. ERM proteins and the HOPS complex are required for the transition from early to late endosomes" SIGNOR-261311 "Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (1-36)" smallmolecule CHEBI:80274 ChEBI PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257575 CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256964 UNG protein P13051 UNIPROT 5-fluorouracil chemical CHEBI:46345 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 27875297 t lperfetto "Uracil N-glycosylase 2 (UNG2), the nuclear isoform of UNG, catalyzes the removal of uracil or 5-fluorouracil lesions that accumulate in DNA following treatment with the anticancer agents 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (floxuridine), a 5-fluorouracil metabolite. By repairing these DNA lesions before they can cause cell death, UNG2 promotes cancer cell survival and is therefore critically involved in tumor resistance to these agents. " SIGNOR-264888 TNPO1 protein Q92973 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 29377895 t lperfetto "The non-classical nuclear import carrier Transportin 1 modulates circadian rhythms through its effect on PER1 nuclear localization" SIGNOR-262102 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-81153 nafamostat chemical CHEBI:135466 ChEBI TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002750 27550352 t Monia "Nafamostat also blocked MERS-CoV infection in vitro. This inhibition was most likely a result of inhibition of TMPRSS2 on the plasma membrane. Because MERS-CoV may infect cells via a TMPRSS2-independent endocytotic pathway, we evaluated the effects of nafamostat on MERS-CoV infection using an in vitro virus infection assay" SIGNOR-261065 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 16501611 t "Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway." SIGNOR-248500 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr759 LYDVSRMyVDPSEIN 9606 BTO:0000776 11507089 t lperfetto "These findings indicate that the phosphorylations of the tyrosine residues 753, 759, 1197, and 1217, which have been identified as btk-dependent phosphorylation sites in vitro, coordinately contribute to bcr-induced activation of plcgamma2." SIGNOR-109758 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT EPS8 protein Q12929 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr498 YAFSSNIyTRGSHLD 9606 BTO:0000007 27738316 t miannu "Eps8 which was identified by this method is phosphorylated by Myr-PTK6 in HEK293 cells. Mouse Eps8 expressed in HEK293 cells is phosphorylated by Myr-PTK6 at residues Tyr497, Tyr524, and Tyr534. These results indicate that plasma-membrane-associated PTK6 phosphorylates Eps8, which promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration and, thus, tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-263189 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser540 MDSEEPDsRGGSPQM 9606 BTO:0000007 11500362 t "We identify multiple phosphorylation sites in the largest, catalytic, subunit (epsilon) of mammalian eIF2B. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is responsible for phosphorylating Ser535. This regulatory phosphorylation event requires both the fourth site (Ser539) and a distal region, which acts to recruit GSK3 to eIF2Bepsilon in vivo. eIF2Bϵ from mammals or insects is a substrate for glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), and this inhibits the activity of eIF2B" SIGNOR-251237 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22025054 f lperfetto "The activation of receptors for both GM-CSF and IFN-g stimulates the Jak kinaseSTAT transcription factor pathway, and an ISRE in the Irf5 promoter can bind STAT1 and STAT2, which suggests a possible mechanism for IRF5 expression induced by GM-CSF and IFN-g. Consequently, high expression of IRF5 results in polarization of the macrophage phenotype toward M1." SIGNOR-249510 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR LONRF2 protein Q1L5Z9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271157 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM41 protein Q8WV44 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270954 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser477 PQFSYSAsGTA 9606 BTO:0000093 24670654 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of S477 and T479 at the Akt extreme carboxy terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A or mTORC2, under distinct physiological conditions, promotes Akt activation through facilitating, or functionally compensating for, S473 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252440 MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 7739551 t lperfetto "Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis." SIGNOR-238709 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 18620382 t Luana "Pyrimidine 13 showed good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity was also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50’s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-257734 EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr594 GSPGMKIyIDPFTYE 10029 BTO:0000246 12223469 t " Co-immunoprecipitation was used to confirm the interaction of Grb7 with the cytoplasmic domain of EphB1 as well as the full-length receptor in intact cells. This interaction is mediated by the SH2 domain of Grb7 and requires tyrosine autophosphorylation of EphB1. We also found that EphB1 could phosphorylate Grb7 and mutation of either Tyr-928 or Tyr-594 to Phe decreased this activity." SIGNOR-251122 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264146 RAB32 protein Q13637 UNIPROT "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23247405 t lperfetto "Rab32 and Rab38 interact physically and colocalize with BLOC-2, AP-1 and AP-3|These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 operate in the same pathways previously defined for AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2 and suggest they are the specific proteins that divert AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2-dependent cargoes to maturing melanosomes and away from lysosomes." SIGNOR-260698 AP1G1 protein O43747 UNIPROT "AP-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C248 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21097499 t lperfetto "Key components of this system are the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP)4 complexes, AP-1 (gamma-beta1-mi1-sigma1), AP-2 (α-beta2-mi2-sigma2), AP-3 (delta-beta3-mi3-sigma3), and AP-4 (epsilon-beta4-mi4-sigma4) (subunit composition shown in parentheses)" SIGNOR-260687 PIMREG protein Q9BSJ6 UNIPROT PICALM protein Q13492 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 16491119 t miannu "The cats interaction domain of calm was mapped to aa 221-335 of calm. This domain is contained in the calm/af10 fusion protein. Cats localizes to the nucleus and shows a preference for nucleoli. Expression of cats was able to markedly increase the nuclear localization of calm and of the leukemogenic fusion protein calm/af10." SIGNOR-144680 pirenzepine chemical CHEBI:8247 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258394 Hypoxia stimulus SIGNOR-ST25 SIGNOR KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 30759871 f miannu "The KDM4 family of Jumonj domain histone demethylases specifically target di- and tri-methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), removing a modification central to defining heterochromatin and gene repression. KDM4 enzymes are generally over-expressed in cancers, making them compelling targets for study and therapeutic inhibition. One of these family members, KDM4B, is especially interesting due to its regulation by multiple cellular stimuli, including DNA damage, steroid hormones, and hypoxia." SIGNOR-263735 ARTN protein Q5T4W7 UNIPROT GFRA3 protein O60609 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9883723 t gcesareni "Here, we report the identification of artemin, a novel member of the gdnf family, and demonstrate that it is the ligand for the former orphan receptor gfralpha3-ret. Artemin can also activate the gfralpha1-ret complex." SIGNOR-63009 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR PRDM14 protein Q9GZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269242 VARS1 protein P26640 UNIPROT valine smallmolecule CHEBI:27266 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30755602 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase." SIGNOR-270526 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000938 24916379 t lperfetto "Expression of wild-type LRRK2 promoted neuronal survival against apoptosis through activation of the downstream effector, Akt by phosphorylation of Ser473. Phosphorylated Akt in turn inhibited FOXO 1 signaling" SIGNOR-205115 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT LORICRIN protein P23490 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 12200429 f miannu "Mutation and DNA-protein analyses show that Sp1, c-Jun, an unidentified regulator, and the co-activator p300/CREB-binding protein up-regulate whereas Sp3, CREB-1/CREMalpha/ATF-1, Jun B, and an AP2-like protein (termed the keratinocyte-specific repressor-1 (KSR-1)) suppress loricrin promoter activity." SIGNOR-254536 tiotropium chemical CHEBI:90960 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8441333 t miannu "A newly developed compound, Ba 679 BR (abbreviated Ba 679) proved to be a highly potent muscarinic antagonist in guinea pig tracheal rings. Its binding to human receptors (Hm1, Hm2, Hm3) was characterized by KD-values in the 10(-10) M concentration range.he drug showed ""kinetic receptor subtype selectivity"" by having a more rapid dissociation from Hm2 than from Hm1 and Hm3 receptors." SIGNOR-258485 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr82 HSMSVPTtPTLGFST 9606 17604322 t lperfetto "In colon cancer cells, the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway phosphorylates RXRalpha, which impairs its function as a heterodimeric partner for PPARgamma|A point‐mutated RXRalpha T82A/S260A, which mimics the unphosphorylated form of RXRalpha, can form a heterodimer with PPARgamma and thereby activate target gene expression by binding to the PPRE" SIGNOR-262959 JQ1 chemical CHEBI:137113 ChEBI BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20871596 t lperfetto "Enantiomerically pure (+)-JQ1 bound with a Kd of about 50 nM and 90 nM to the first and second bromodomains of BRD4, respectively (Fig. 1c, Supplementary Table 3). Comparable binding to both domains of BRD3 was observed, whereas the first bromodomains of BRDT and BRD2 revealed about 3-fold weaker binding.|Here, we present a first, thoroughly characterized inhibitor of the BET-family of bromodomains." SIGNOR-261989 EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT ARHGEF15 protein O94989 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr353 PLQDEPLyQTYRAAV 9606 BTO:0000007 21029865 t miannu "We have identified a RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Ephexin5, which negatively regulates excitatory synapse development until EphrinB binding to the EphB receptor tyrosine kinase triggers Ephexin5 phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation. EphB2 mediates phosphorylation of Ephexin5 at tyrosine-361" SIGNOR-262864 SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR FBXO30 protein Q8TB52 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000887 24076600 f "BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling negatively regulates a gene (Fbxo30) that encodes a ubiquitin ligase required for muscle loss, which we named muscle ubiquitin ligase of the SCF complex in atrophy-1 (MUSA1)" SIGNOR-256488 CTTNBP2NL protein Q9P2B4 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 23015759 f miannu "Through alternative splicing, a single CTTNBP2 gene encodes three different transcripts, namely short (S), long (L), and intron forms. The interaction with cortactin is required for the function of CTTNBP2-S in dendritic spine formation because the CTTNBP2-S mutant, which no longer interacts with cortactin, is unable to rescue the spine defects resulting from CTTNBP2 knockdown. Thus CTTNBP2-S may control cortactin–F-actin cytoskeletons and regulate the formation and maintenance of dendritic spines in neurons." SIGNOR-261694 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161617 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT IRX2 protein Q9BZI1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser317 TPQGSRTsPGAPPPA -1 15133517 t miannu "To identify the phosphorylated residue, we introduced a serine-to-alanine substitution at residues 294 and 326 and a threonine-to-alanine substitution at residue 331 in Irx2(291–356). Erk1 phosphorylated S294A and T331A, but not S326A (Fig. 4b), indicating that Ser326 is the bona fide MAP kinase target." SIGNOR-263060 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-A protein P04439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 10329350 f "Transfection of CIITA in JEG-3 cells also upregulated functional HLA-B and HLA-C expression." SIGNOR-254020 citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Citrate is converted to cis-aconitate. This is catalyzed by aconitase. Cis-aconitate is an intermediate and is further converted to isocitrate by aconitase. Aconitase is involved in both reactions. In which first dehydration and then rehydration occur and as a result final product isocitrate is obtained." SIGNOR-266243 AFF1 protein P51825 UNIPROT "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 20153263 t 1 miannu "These data demonstrate that AF4, AF5q31 and ENL associate in an endogenous higher-order complex (hereafter referred to as AEP for the AF4 family/ENL family/P-TEFb complex) containing P-TEFb in hematopoietic lineage cells." SIGNOR-239231 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser389 ARIQAAAsTPTNATA 9606 BTO:0000142 18451303 t gcesareni "Here, we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) also inactivates gsk3beta by direct phosphorylation at its c terminus, and this inactivation can lead to an accumulation of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-178603 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser92 AAQMEVAsFLLSKEN 9606 BTO:0000567 15525512 t llicata "Bub1 directly phosphorylates Cdc20 in vitro and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C(Cdc20) catalytically. A Cdc20 mutant with all six Bub1 phosphorylation sites removed is refractory to Bub1-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition in vitro. " SIGNOR-250608 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr145 QGRKRRQtSMTDFYH 9606 20307683 t lperfetto "Pim-2 phosphorylation of p21(cip1/waf1) enhances its stability and inhibits cell proliferation in hct116 cellsere we demonstrate that like pim-1, pim-2 also phosphorylates the cell cycle inhibitor p21(cip1/waf1) (p21) on thr145 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-164646 4-oxobutanoate smallmolecule CHEBI:57706 ChEBI succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19300440 t miannu "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) is involved in the final degradation step of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid by converting succinic semialdehyde to succinic acid in the mitochondrial matrix." SIGNOR-266615 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270737 CADPS protein Q9ULU8 UNIPROT VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C346 24363652 t miannu "CAPS interactions with N-terminal regions of the SNARE motif of VAMP2 were also detected, which suggests that CAPS might recruit VAMP2 into syntaxin-1/SNAP-25 heterodimers for RQaQbc-SNARE complex assembly." SIGNOR-264340 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT MED13 protein Q9UHV7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR-C406 23322298 t miannu "The SCF-Fbw7 ubiquitin ligase degrades MED13 and MED13L and regulates CDK8 module association with Mediator. We show that Fbw7, a tumor suppressor and ubiquitin ligase, binds to CDK8-Mediator and targets MED13/13L for degradation. MED13/13L physically link the CDK8 module to Mediator, and Fbw7 loss increases CDK8 module-Mediator association." SIGNOR-266690 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256940 TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23353889 t miannu "Tet2 and tet3 associate with the o_glcnac transferase ogt / tet2 and tet3 promote ogt_mediated glcnacylation" SIGNOR-200695 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser425 TKGSGLGsPTSSFNS 9606 BTO:0000007 18204439 t lperfetto "Here, we show that erk downregulates forkhead box o 3a (foxo3a) by directly interacting with and phosphorylating foxo3a at ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425, which consequently promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesisMDM2 is required for ERk-mediated FOXO3a degradation." SIGNOR-252959 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CHMP4C protein Q96CF2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser210 MSSTARRsRAASSQR 9606 22724069 t lperfetto "Moreover, we find that the cpc's catalytic subunit, aurora b kinase, phosphorylates one of the three human snf7 paralogues-chmp4c-in its c-terminal tail, a region known to regulate its ability to form polymers and associate with membranes. Phosphorylation at these sites appears essential for chmp4c function because their mutation leads to cytokinesis defects. The introduction of the s214a and s215a mutations together with s210a almost completely abolished aurora b phosphorylation" SIGNOR-197967 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF152 protein Q8N8N0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271199 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser403 ESTDSGLsMSSYSVP 9606 phosphorylation:Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 24715453 t milica "LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved serine in this region (Ser311 in human TAZ; Ser397 in human YAP) primes for further phosphorylation by CK1_/_ kinases (Ser314 on human TAZ; Ser400/403 in human YAP)" SIGNOR-230743 UBN2 protein Q6ZU65 UNIPROT "HIRA complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C462 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30285846 t miannu "H3.3 is an ancient and conserved H3 variant and plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation. HIRA complex, which is composed of HIRA, UBN1 or UBN2, and Cabin1, is a H3.3 specific chaperone complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the UBN1 or UBN2 subunit is mainly responsible for specific recognition and direct binding of H3.3 by the HIRA complex." SIGNOR-269436 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR TUBA3C protein P0DPH7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 t miannu "Elongator Subunits Interact with the Microtubules and Are Required for Proper Acetylation of α-Tubulin. α-Tubulin Acetylation Promotes Radial Migration and Branching of Cortical Projection Neurons" SIGNOR-269716 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR EPM2A protein O95278 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 18029386 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence indicating that the formation of the laforin–malin complex is positively regulated by AMPK. We show that laforin, but not malin, can interact physically with the catalytic subunit of AMPK and that purified AMPK phosphorylates GST::laforin in vitro." SIGNOR-271730 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MYL12A protein P19105 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 BTO:0000567 12185584 t miannu "Phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC) is important for cell motility and cytokinesis in nonmuscle cells. Although the regulation of monophosphorylated MRLC at serine 19 throughout the cell cycle was examined in detail, MRLC diphosphorylation at both threonine 18 and serine 19 is still unclear. Here we found that Rho-kinase has an activity for MRLC diphosphorylation in nonmuscle cells using sequential column chromatographies. we showed that the inhibition of Rho-kinase reduced diphosphorylated MRLC in the center of cells even in the presence of phosphatase inhibitor, suggesting that Rho-kinase directly diphosphorylates MRLC (red arrow in Figure 6). Taken together, we propose a model of diphosphorylation of MRLC through dual pathways of both the direct phosphorylation and the inhibition of myosin phosphatase by Rho-kinase (Figure 6)." SIGNOR-263073 VEPH1 protein Q14D04 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 23989952 f "or inhibits the Hippo pathway to activate Yki" lperfetto "A double positive-feedback loop between melt and yki, wherein yki acti- vates melt expression, and melt promotes yki" SIGNOR-202540 TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys262 DSDDALLkMTISQQE -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10)." SIGNOR-272740 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser632 RPLSRAQsSPASATF 11470791 t llicata "CaMKIV phosphorylates HDAC4 in vitro and promotes its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in vivo. | Thus, CaMKIV can phosphorylate HDAC4 at Ser-467 and/or Ser-632 in vitro. | Collectively, our results suggest that CaMKIV reverses the transcriptional repression activity of HDAC4 by stimulating the mobilization of HDAC4 out of the nucleus." SIGNOR-250712 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3Y2 protein P0DPK5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkATAWQAP 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269632 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT TEAD3 protein Q99594 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "Crystallographic data revealed that the N-terminal TEAD-binding domain of YAP wraps around a globular structure formed by the C-terminal domains of TEAD1, 2 and 4" gcesareni "When dephosphorylated, yap/taz enter nuclei and induce gene transcription by interacting with transcription factors tead14." SIGNOR-201471 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 19946286 f lperfetto "The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram negative bacteria is a wellknown inducer of the innate immune response1. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) form a heterodimer that recognizes a common pattern in structurally diverse LPS molecules." SIGNOR-249516 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr586 HNTPVDVtPCMSPLP -1 24879152 t lperfetto "The autophagy receptor NBR1 (neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1) binds UB/ubiquitin and the autophagosome-conjugated MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) proteins, thereby ensuring ubiquitinated protein degradation|Here we show that NBR1 is a substrate of GSK3. NBR1 phosphorylation by GSK3 at Thr586 prevents the aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins and their selective autophagic degradation." SIGNOR-261794 HES5 protein Q5TA89 UNIPROT NEUROG1 protein Q92886 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 30030829 f lperfetto "The basic-helixloop-helix factors HES1 and HES5 repress the expression of the proneural genes (Ascl1, Atoh1, Neurog1 and Neurog2) and thereby inhibit NSCs differentiation and neuron production" SIGNOR-265141 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Thr663 IATVIVItLVMLKKK -1 10605825 t lperfetto "In this work, we used a sensitive in vitro method of detection to investigate the role of cathepasin D in the proteolytic processing of a 100-amino acid C-terminal fragment (C100) inclusive of βA4 and cytoplasmic domain of APP. Digestion of C100 with cathepsin D resulted in cleavage at the amyloidogenic γ-cleavage sites. This occurred preferentially at Thr43–Val44 and at Ala42–Thr43, generating full length βA4 43 and βA4 42 amyloid peptides, respectively. Cathepsin D was also found to cleave the substrate at the following nonamyloidogenic sites; Leu34–Met35, Thr48–Leu49 and Leu49–Val50. A high concentration of cathepsin D resulted in cleavage also occurring at Phe19–Phe20, Phe20–Ala21 and Phe93–Phe94 of the C100, suggesting that these sites are somewhat less sensitive to the action of cathepsin D." SIGNOR-261793 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr301 DDITQEEyGEFYKSL 9606 17855507 t lperfetto "C-src directly phosphorylates hsp90 on tyrosine 300 residue and that this event is essential for vegf-stimulated enos association to hsp90 and thus no release from endothelial cells." SIGNOR-157781 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT CyclinD1/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C143 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 8891723 t luana "The first group, including p16ink4a, p15ink4b,p18ink4cand p19ink4d, is specific for the g1 cdks,cdk4and cdk6, inhibiting the kinase activity of cyclin d/cdk4-cdk6 complexes on prb." SIGNOR-259810 "WASH complex" complex SIGNOR-C258 SIGNOR ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20498093 t lperfetto "Members of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family, which includes WASP, N-WASP, WAVE (1–3), WHAMM, JMY, and WASH, control actin cytoskeletal dynamics throughout biology. They act in large part by regulating the actin nucleating activity of the ubiquitous Arp2/3 complex. WASP proteins stimulate Arp2/3 complex using a conserved C-terminal VCA (Verprolin homologous, central hydrophobic, and acidic) region. They contain distinct N-terminal elements, which facilitate integration into unique macromolecular complexes." SIGNOR-261006 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 9731215 t lperfetto "Stress-induced stathmin phosphorylation is not de- pendent on ERK. Stathmin is also known to be phos- phorylated by ERK on Ser-25 and Ser-38 (17). Thus, it is possible that ERK phosphorylates stathmin in 293 cells|In subsequent reports (28, 29) it was shown that phosphorylation of stathmin blocks its ability to destabilize MTs." SIGNOR-249483 GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10224115 t "G protein alpha subunits Gi1alpha, Gsalpha, and Goalpha are shown to activate the GTPase activity of tubulin, inhibit microtubule assembly, and accelerate microtubule dynamics." SIGNOR-256540 SHMT1 protein P34896 UNIPROT 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:15786 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "HTMLA might be identical to serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT; EC 2.1.2.1), since it has been shown that SHMT purified from rabbit liver acts upon HTML, yielding TMABA and glycine." SIGNOR-269687 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser91 EGMGEEPsPFRGRSR 24677263 t lperfetto "CDK1-mediated Bcl-2 serine 70 phosphorylation enhances its pro-apoptotic function, whereas CDK1-mediated Bad serine 128 phosphorylation promotes apoptosis. " SIGNOR-267921 "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20854876 f irozzo "Inhibition of EAP components pTEFb and Dot1l show that both contribute significantly to activation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 expression. EAP is dynamically associated with the Hoxa9 and Meis1 loci in hematopoietic cells and rapidly dissociates during induction of differentiation. In the presence of MLL fusion proteins, its dissociation is prevented." SIGNOR-256144 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001454 19609947 t lperfetto "Although there are likely to be multiple levels of crosstalk between the pi3k-akt and nf-kb pathways, one mechanism has been attributed to direct phosphorylation of the amino acid residue t23 on ikb kinase alfa (ikkalfa) by akt, thereby leading to activation of this kinase upstream of nf-kb akt mediates ikkalpha phosphorylation at threonine 23 akt transiently associates in vivo with ikk and induces ikk activation. Akt mediates ikkalfa phosphorylation at threonine 23.Akt phosphorylates ikkalpha on t23, and this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of p65 at s534 by ikkalpha and beta" SIGNOR-244281 HNRNPH1 protein P31943 UNIPROT TERF2 protein Q15554 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0001009 27117401 t miannu "During neuronal differentiation, use of an alternative splice site on the rat telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) mRNA generates a short TRF2 protein isoform (TRF2-S) capable of derepressing neuronal genes. However, the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) controlling this splicing event are unknown. Here, using affinity pull-down analysis, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins H1 and H2(HNRNPH) as RBPs specifically capable of interacting with the spliced RNA segment (exon 7) of Trf2 pre-mRNA. HNRNPH proteins prevent the production of the short isoform of Trf2 mRNA, as HNRNPH silencing selectively elevates TRF2-S levels." SIGNOR-266807 REN protein P00797 UNIPROT Angiotensin-1 protein P01019-PRO_0000032457 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 32201502 t miannu "Renin is an aspartic protease that enzymatically cleaves its substrate angiotensinogen, which is produced by the liver, to form an inactive peptide: angiotensin (Ang)I or Ang (1–10)." SIGNOR-260225 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257941 TNFRSF10A protein O00220 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "Fadd binds to ligated trailr1 or trail-r2" SIGNOR-97869 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT PDGFC protein Q9NRA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0001685 15247255 f "The PDGF family of ligands is comprised of A, B, C, and D chains. Here, we provide the first functional characterization of the PDGF-C promoter. We examined 797 bp of the human PDGF-C promoter and identified several putative recognition elements for Sp1, Ets Egr-1, and Smad.|These findings thus demonstrate that PDGF-C transcription, activated by FGF-2, is mediated by Egr-1 and its upstream kinase ERK.|Egr-1 and Sp1 specifically bind the PDGF-C promoter" SIGNOR-254268 TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT PLEC protein Q15149 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 28595999 t lperfetto "Here we show that in the developing skin, epidermal progenitor cells of mice lacking p63 transcription factor display alterations in the nuclear shape accompanied by a marked decrease in expression of several nuclear envelope-associated components (Lamin B1, Lamin A/C, Sun1, Nesprin-3, Plectin) compared with controls. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR assay showed enrichment of p63 on Sun1, Syne3, and Plec promoters, suggesting them as p63 targets." SIGNOR-263279 ETF1 protein P62495 UNIPROT "Translation release factor ERF1-ERF3" complex SIGNOR-C494 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29735640 t miannu "Termination of mRNA translation occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome, and in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a ternary eRF1/eRF3-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) complex." SIGNOR-270813 MRPS26 protein Q9BYN8 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261447 denopamine chemical CHEBI:135359 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257860 PCSK2 protein P16519 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0001073 11690596 t miannu "Oxytocin-extended form is further cleaved by enzymatic activity to yield the nine-amino-acid active peptide, OT. The proteolysis may involve several pro-hormone convertases, convertase 2 (PC2) (20p11-1-11.2) and convertase 5 (PC5) (9q21.3) (Gabreels et al 1998). Both enzymes are found in OT neurosecretory vesicles and are a part of a family of subtilisen/kexinlike convertases (Seidah et al 1994). It is a product of the OT gene located at human gene locus 20p13 (Rao et al 1992). The processing cascade results in the production of neurophysin I and OT extended form (OT-X), which is OT with a C-terminal, three-amino-acid extension." SIGNOR-270328 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr185 TRNKVRKtFVGTPCW 9606 17190791 t gcesareni "Activation of wnk1 coincides with the phosphorylation and activation of two wnk1 substrates, namely, the protein kinases ste20/sps1-related proline alanine-rich kinase (spak) and oxidative stress response kinase-1 (osr1)" SIGNOR-151663 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SP7 protein Q8TDD2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21777568 t gcesareni "We found that Akt phosphorylates Osterix and that Akt activation increases protein stability, osteogenic activity and transcriptional activity of Osterix. We also found that BMP-2 increases the protein level of Osterix in an Akt activity-dependent manner." SIGNOR-174017 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18662541 t lperfetto "The phosphatase cdc14b translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and induces the activation of the ubiquitin ligase apc/ccdh1" SIGNOR-227927 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser621 PKINRSAsEPSLHRA 9606 11971957 t gcesareni "We have mapped all camp-induced phosphorylation sites in raf-1, showing that serines 43, 259, and 621 are phosphorylated by pka in vitro and induced by camp in vivo" SIGNOR-86137 PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements. PER and CRY proteins form heterodimers and suppress the activity of the BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) completing the feedback loop." SIGNOR-267978 LMX1A protein Q8TE12 UNIPROT CUX2 protein O14529 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 30770393 t miannu "Lmx1a drives Cux2 expression in the cortical hem through activation of a conserved intronic enhancer. Lmx1a knockdown abolishes activation of the Cux2 enhancer in the cortical hem" SIGNOR-263961 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000776 10347215 t milica "Functionally active il-10 receptors are composed of two distinct subunits. The il-10 receptor ? Chain is a 110-kda polypeptide that plays the dominant role in mediating high affinity ligand binding and signal transduction. The il-10 receptor ? Subunit (also known as crf2_4) is predicted to be a 40-kda polypeptide that is largely required only for signaling" SIGNOR-67964 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 12588998 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Additionally, active akt1 kinase strongly phosphorylates histone h3 at serine 10 in vitro" SIGNOR-98285 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 15175348 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assay revealed that the direct targets of pdk1 in the mapk pathway were the upstream mapk kinases mek1 and mek2. The identified pdk1 phosphorylation sites in mek1 and mek2 are ser222 and ser226, respectively, and are known to be essential for full activation" SIGNOR-244934 TRIP12 protein Q14669 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20208519 t miannu "ULF interacts with ARF both in vitro and in vivo and promotes the lysine-independent ubiquitylation and degradation of ARF." SIGNOR-266781 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR CD4 protein P01730 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 11893391 t miannu "Degradation of the HIV receptor CD4 by the proteasome, mediated by the HIV-1 protein Vpu, is crucial for the release of fully infectious virions. To promote CD4 degradation Vpu has to be phosphorylated on a motif DSGXXS, which is conserved in several signalling proteins known to be degraded by the proteasome upon phosphorylation. Such phosphorylation is required for the interaction of Vpu with the ubiquitin ligase SCF-beta-TrCP that triggers CD4 degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-272615 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 BTO:0003316 11777913 t miannu "4E-BP1 Is Phosphorylated in Vitro by Active p38 Kinase. In the present study we demonstrated that UVB induced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at multiple sites, Thr-36, Thr-45, Ser-64, and Thr-69, leading to dissociation of 4E-BP1 from eIF-4E." SIGNOR-250099 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CHN2 protein P52757 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr21 VSSDAEEyQPPIWKS 9606 17560670 t llicata "Ere we report that beta2-chimaerin is tyrosine-phosphorylated by src-family kinases (sfks) upon cell stimulation with epidermal growth factor (egf). these results suggest tyr-21 phosphorylation as a novel, sfk-dependent mechanism that negatively regulates beta2-chimaerin rac-gap activity." SIGNOR-155709 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22575959 t "Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6." SIGNOR-260112 amitriptyline chemical CHEBI:2666 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258704 RAB22A protein Q9UL26 UNIPROT BLOC-2 complex SIGNOR-C252 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 30404817 t lperfetto "Recycling endosomes (REs) are transient endosomal tubular intermediates of early/sorting endosomes (E/SEs) that function in cargo recycling to the cell surface and deliver the cell type-specific cargo to lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes in melanocytes.|Taken together, these findings suggest that Rab22A promotes the assembly of a BLOC-1-BLOC-2-KIF13A complex on E/SEs to generate REs that maintain cellular and organelle homeostasis." SIGNOR-260696 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser43 PAMLHLPsEQGAPET 9606 SIGNOR-C14 12657630 t "IKKbeta phosphorylates human IKKgamma at Ser-31, Ser-43, and Ser-376|Thus far, we have no compelling evidence that inducible phosphorylation of these IKKgamma domains is important for their assigned functions." SIGNOR-251287 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT BSG protein P35613 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0003227;BTO:0005816 28117675 t lperfetto "F-Box Protein FBXO22 Mediates Polyubiquitination and Degradation of CD147 to Reverse Cisplatin Resistance of Tumor Cells" SIGNOR-273452 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR BSG protein P35613 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0003227;BTO:0005816 28117675 t lperfetto "F-Box Protein FBXO22 Mediates Polyubiquitination and Degradation of CD147 to Reverse Cisplatin Resistance of Tumor Cells" SIGNOR-273453 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT CDC27 protein P30260 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser379 NALPRRSsRLFTSDS 9606 SIGNOR-C15 22137581 t lperfetto "Using this approach for ppp1r12c, baiap2, and cdc27, we found that mutation of a single serine to alanine (s452, s366, and s379, respectively) resulted in an almost complete loss of ampk phosphorylation in these proteins" SIGNOR-195106 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 11163210 t lperfetto "Smurf2 is nuclear, but binding to Smad7 induces export and recruitment to the activated TGF beta receptor, where it causes degradation of receptors and Smad7 via proteasomal and lysosomal pathways." SIGNOR-104999 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000176 14967450 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-121997 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 16151013 f amattioni "Nuclear p53 caused expression of puma, which then displaced p53 from bcl-xl, allowing p53 to induce mitochondrial permeabilization." SIGNOR-140245 F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256904 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser726 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK 9606 8810272 t gcesareni "These data demonstrate that adducin is a significant in vivo substrate for pkc or other pma-activated kinases in a variety of cells, and that phosphorylation of adducin occurs in dendritic spines that are believed to respond to external signals by changes in morphology and reorganization of cytoskeletal structures. Ser-726 and ser-713 in the c-terminal marcks-related domains of alpha- and beta-adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites common for pka and pkc." SIGNOR-43834 RPS5 protein P46782 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262419 N-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-3-(2-fluoro-4-iodoanilino)-4-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:94793 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189930 wortmannin chemical CHEBI:52289 ChEBI PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0001444 22253445 t lperfetto "From these results, we conclude that LY294002 and wortmannin inhibit SARS pseudovirus entry by targeting PI4KB and that PI4KB is involved in SARS-CoV S-mediated entry into VeroE6 cells." SIGNOR-260730 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr209 TGMFPRNyVTPVNRN 9606 BTO:0000007 20554525 t lperfetto "More recently, however, tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb2 in BCR-ABL-transformed cells on residues Tyr7, Tyr37, Tyr52, and Tyr209 in the SH3 domains has been reported and shown to negatively regulate the Ras/MAPK pathway." SIGNOR-246281 PEX14 protein O75381 UNIPROT PEX13 protein Q92968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 15798189 t miannu "Pex14 interacts via its proline-rich motif with the SH3 domain of Pex13. We conclude that the association of Pex13 with Pex14 is an essential step in peroxisomal protein import" SIGNOR-253029 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 SSAGWKNsIRHNLSL 9606 18394876 t gcesareni "Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-253001 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 7227 23525006 t "We identify the GTP exchange factor (GEF) Vav as a key regulator of Rac activity downstream of RTKs in a developmentally regulated cell migration event" SIGNOR-259081 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9606 23486913 t lperfetto "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway. Specifically as part of mtorc1, mtor directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein s6 kinases (s6k1 and s6k2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-217141 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 23552696 t lperfetto "Active AKT, a common mediator of cell survival signals induced by radiation through multiple intracellular signaling pathways,11, 12 suppresses apoptosis. AKT positively regulates cyclin D1 expression through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ (GSK3_). The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ on serine9 decreases its kinase activity for Thr286 of cyclin D1, which inhibits the nuclear export and the cytoplasmic proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1" SIGNOR-245424 BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT POLH protein Q9Y253 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24485656 t miannu "Palb2 and brca2 interact with pol_ and are required to sustain the recruitment of pol_ at blocked replication forks. Palb2 and brca2 stimulate pol_-dependent dna synthesis on d loop substrates" SIGNOR-204538 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr821 KISEGLPtPTKMTPR 9606 9139732 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that phosphorylation by either cdk2-cyclin a, which phosphorylates t821, or cdk4-cyclin d1, which phosphorylates threonine 826, can disable prb for subsequent binding of an lxcxe protein." SIGNOR-217324 OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256989 KIRREL3 protein Q8IZU9 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 32503885 f miannu "We demonstrate that ectopic Kirrel3 expression in CA1 neurons specifically induces ectopic DG synapse formation, providing direct evidence that Kirrel3 plays an instructive role in synapse development." SIGNOR-269077 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT ZBTB4 protein Q9P1Z0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr983 AAPPAPPtPPPPTLP -1 19448668 t miannu "The human protein kinase HIPK2 phosphorylates and downregulates the methyl-binding transcription factor ZBTB4." SIGNOR-262882 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI CD80 protein P33681 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18652845 f miannu "Although RAPA downregulated ILT2, ILT3 and ILT4 expression in DC, the inhibition of T cell proliferation by RAPA-treated DC is predominantly due to the reduction of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression rather than the propensity to generate FoxP3 expressing regulatory cells." SIGNOR-255475 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser677 AIVSKIDsRLEQYTS 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 8182108 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of both intact caldesmon and of its c-terminal fragment (658c), containing residues 658-756, significantly decreased their ability to inhibit acto-heavy meromyosin atpase." SIGNOR-36796 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sPPLRDVD 9606 SIGNOR-C17 14749395 t lperfetto "Myod is phosphorylated on ser5 and ser200 by cyclin b-cdc2, resulting in a decrease of its stability and down-regulation of both myod and p21." SIGNOR-121605 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RAD17 protein O75943 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser656 SASELPAsQPQPFSA 9606 10608806 t lperfetto "We determined a general phosphorylation consensus sequence for atm and identified putative in vitro targets by using glutathione s-transferase peptides as substrates. Putative atm in vitro targets include p95/nibrin, mre11, brca1, rad17, pts, wrn, and atm (s440) itself." SIGNOR-73524 UQCRC2 protein P22695 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262191 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr14 VDSEGHLyTVPIREQ 9606 12921535 t lperfetto "Caveolin-1 is phosphorylated on tyr(14) in response to both oxidative and hyperosmotic stress. In the present paper, we show that this phosphorylation requires activation of the src family kinase fyn.Therefore," SIGNOR-118003 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser231 LSTSSSSsPPGTPSP 9606 phosphorylation:Thr235 IFGATDYtSSIDVWS 17601773 t fspada "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that cdk2/cyclinA phosphorylates C/EBPbeta on Thr(188) and is required for phosphorylation (on Ser(184) or Thr(179)) of C/EBPbeta by GSK3beta and maintenance of DNA binding activity. However, the acquisition of dna binding and transactivation capacity of c/ebpbeta is delayed until further phosphorylation (on ser(184) or thr(179)) by gsk3beta occurs." SIGNOR-156514 NEFM protein P07197 UNIPROT "Neurofilament L/M" complex SIGNOR-C207 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19468066 t miannu "Neurofilaments are obligate heteropolymers that are minimally comprised of the low molecular neurofilament protein L (NFL) plus the medium and/or high molecular weight proteins neurofilament protein M (NFM) and neurofilament protein H" SIGNOR-255271 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9155017 t gcesareni "We have identified a new subfamily of murine serine/threonine kinases, whose members, map kinase-interacting kinase 1 (mnk1) and mnk2, bind tightly to the growth factor-regulated map kinases, erk1 and erk2erk and p38 phosphorylate mnk1 and mnk2, which stimulates their in vitro kinase activity toward a substrate, eukaryotic initiation factor-4e (eif-4e)." SIGNOR-48298 NELFB protein Q8WX92 UNIPROT NELF complex SIGNOR-C521 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18628398 t miannu "The Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) is a transcription regulatory complex that induces stalling of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early transcription elongation and represses expression of several genes studied to date, including Drosophila Hsp70, mammalian proto-oncogene junB, and HIV RNA. It is composed of four subunits, NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/D, and NELF-E." SIGNOR-271402 SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-268819 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys377 NEPSLQSkLQDEANY 9606 BTO:0000007 8702708 t lperfetto "Following binding to tradd, traf2 was thought to mediate non-degradative lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of rip1 via its ring e3 ligase domain. Rip1 is known to directly interact with traf2." SIGNOR-42984 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr826 SRKVGPGyLGSGGSR 9534 BTO:0004055 8621380 t lperfetto "Based on the phosphopeptide maps, we can identify six tyrosine phosphorylation sites in RET: Tyr-687, Tyr-826, Tyr-1062, Tyr-1096, Tyr-1015, and Tyr-1029. By comparing the peptide map of each mutant to the wild-type receptor, we can tentatively assign each tryptic peptide containing phosphorylation sites to individual P-labeled spots on the two-dimensional map " SIGNOR-248942 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT "NLRP1 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C224 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26086088 t miannu "Transcription Factor ATF4 Induces NLRP1 Inflammasome Expression During Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Here we report that expression of NLRP1, a core inflammasome component, is specifically up-regulated during severe ER stress conditions in human cell lines. Both IRE1α and PERK, but not the ATF6 pathway, modulate NLRP1 gene expression. Furthermore, using mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing technology, we demonstrate that ATF4 transcription factor directly binds to NLRP1 promoter during ER stress." SIGNOR-260354 masitinib chemical CHEBI:63450 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258246 COL4A6 protein Q14031 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35267698 t lperfetto "Integrins constitute a major group of receptors for extracellular matrix components, including collagens.|Among the four types, the signaling mechanism of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins has especially been reported. These integrins bind to both collagen types I and IV; however, their affinities differ: α1β1 has a higher affinity for collagen type IV, while α2β1 preferentially binds to collagen type I [13,23]." SIGNOR-272352 SNRPD2 protein P62316 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270661 retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS9" SIGNOR-265112 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 7737130 t gcesareni "Stimulation of atf-2-dependent transactivation by genotoxic agents requires the presence of threonines 69 and 71 located in the n-terminal transactivation domain. These sites are the target of p54 and p46 stress-activated protein kinases (sapks) which bind to, and phosphorylate atf-2 in vitro." SIGNOR-32429 TLX1 protein P31314 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 15897879 t 2 miannu "ectopic HOX11 expression resulted in hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), which correlated with inhibition of the major Rb serine/threonine phosphatase PP1." SIGNOR-240725 UBE2L3 protein P68036 UNIPROT RNF19B protein Q6ZMZ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000914 16709802 t miannu "We demonstrated that both UbcH7 and UbcH8 bind to full-length NKLAM.  We demonstrated decreased protein expression and enhanced ubiquitination of URKL-1 in the presence of NKLAM. These data indicate that NKLAM is a RING finger protein that binds Ubcs and" SIGNOR-271591 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 phosphorylation:Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 23552696 t lperfetto "Active AKT, a common mediator of cell survival signals induced by radiation through multiple intracellular signaling pathways,11, 12 suppresses apoptosis. AKT positively regulates cyclin D1 expression through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ (GSK3_). The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ on serine9 decreases its kinase activity for Thr286 of cyclin D1, which inhibits the nuclear export and the cytoplasmic proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1" SIGNOR-245432 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser140 GKKATQAsQEY 9606 18158901 t gcesareni "H2ax interacts with numerous proteins required for dna damage signaling and repair when phosphorylated on ser-140. Phosphorylation of ser-140 (h2ax139ph) in response to ionizing radiation is mediated by both atm and prkdc. Our data showed that h2ax is phosphorylated by uva-activated jnk." SIGNOR-160210 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp1405 CPGYPETdHGLFEDP 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Like other dependence receptors, ptc1 contains a dependence-as-associated receptor c-terminal motif that is cleaved by caspases at a conserved aspartic acid (asp 1392) in the absence of shh, to expose a proapoptotic domain." SIGNOR-199111 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser102 NLNENQAsEEEDELG -1 2557337 t llicata "Study of [Plphosphate release during manual Edman degradation confirmed that the phosphorylated residues in rat DARPP-32 were Ser45 and Ser102. | Phosphorylation by casein kinase II did not affect the potency of DARPP-32 as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1, which depended only on phosphorylation of Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. However, phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by casein kinase II facilitated phosphorylation of Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase" SIGNOR-250927 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 BTO:0000567 10673501 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-75009 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT KAT7 protein O95251 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser57 SQSSQDSsPVRNLQS 9606 18250300 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the interaction between plk1 and hbo1 is mitosis-specific and that plk1 phosphorylates hbo1 on ser-57 in vitro and in vivo. During mitosis, cdk1 phosphorylates hbo1 on thr-85/88, creating a docking site for plk1 to be recruited. Significantly, the overexpression of hbo1 mutated at the plk1 phosphorylation site (s57a) leads to cell-cycle arrest in the g1/s phase, inhibition of chromatin loading of the minichromosome maintenance (mcm) complex, and a reduced dna replication rate." SIGNOR-160751 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1619 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248735 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" -1 17350953 t lperfetto "Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug that binds simultaneously to the 12-kDa FK506- and rapamycin-binding protein (FKBP12, or FKBP) and the FKBP-rapamycin binding (FRB) domain of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase. The resulting ternary complex has been used to conditionally perturb protein function, and one such method involves perturbation of a protein of interest through its mislocalization." SIGNOR-219385 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1248 HGRAREGsFESRYQQ 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000661 1370476 t llicata "The observation that pka also phosphorylates plc-yl on serine 1248 suggests that phosphorylation of this residue may be a common mechanism by which pkc and pka inhibit plc-yl." SIGNOR-17905 "oxotremorine M" chemical CHEBI:38322 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258656 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11013220 f irozzo "In this system, the basal transcription level from the p15Ink4B promoter was increased with increasing levels of Sp1, and Sp1 was required for transcriptional induction by Smads. Finally, inactivation of the Sp1 binding sites in the p15Ink4B promoter decreased the basal transcription level and TGF-β responsiveness." SIGNOR-256289 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser266 SSYGQQSsFRQDHPS 9606 9341188 t miannu "Here we report thatews, a nuclearrna-bindingprooncoprotein, contains an iq domain, is phosphorylated byproteinkinase c, and interacts with calmodulin. Interestingly, pkc phosphorylation of ews inhibits its binding to rna homopolymers, and conversely,rna binding to ews interferes with pkc phosphorylation./ these data indicate that ews contains an iq domain with ser266 acting as the primary site for pkc phosphorylation." SIGNOR-52850 "Dynorphin B" chemical CHEBI:80347 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258797 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser294 DPRQAQSsPPWSYDQ 9606 19801668 t llicata "In this study, we identified two phosphorylation sites in runx2 at ser301 and ser319 that are required for mapk-dependent activation of runx2 transcriptional activity and osteoblast differentiation." SIGNOR-188343 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 AHPPHAPsPGQTVKP 9606 BTO:0002552 15708980 t lperfetto "Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 mediates ctbp phosphorylation and degradation in uv-triggered apoptosishipk2 phosphorylates ctbp at ser-422" SIGNOR-134040 TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256794 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24737872 t miannu "As RORs function as transcriptional activators and their expression correlates with histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility, RORs are thought to function as positive regulators of Bmal1 expression at its peak levels, whereas REV-ERBs block ROR and negatively regulate Bmal1 at the trough of its expression." SIGNOR-268002 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT SFN protein P31947 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser186 FHYEIANsPEEAISL 9606 15071501 t "JNK1 and JNK2 are required for apoptosis of thymocites,Ser residues in the reagion between alpha-helices 7 and 8" gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylates 14-3-3zeta_ at ser-184 and 14-3-3sigma_ at ser-187." SIGNOR-124016 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 GGGDEPGsPAQGKRG 9606 BTO:0000150 21502402 t llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 68 of twist1 by mapks stabilizes twist1 protein and promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness. this ser 68 is phosphorylated by p38, c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnk), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 in vitro" SIGNOR-173409 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 14593183 t Luana "We find that MeCP2 binds selectively to BDNF promoter III and functions to repress expression of the BDNF gene." SIGNOR-264540 SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253452 Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11376933 t miannu "To date, ten different mammalian isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC) have been cloned and characterized. Each isoform has its own distinct tissue distribution and regulatory properties, providing possibilities for different cells to respond diversely to similar stimuli. The product of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by ACs, cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been shown to play a crucial role for a variety of fundamental physiological cell functions ranging from cell growth and differentiation, to transcriptional regulation and apoptosis." SIGNOR-267843 procaterol chemical CHEBI:135209 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257863 PAF1C complex SIGNOR-C471 SIGNOR TCEA1 protein P23193 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20178742 t miannu "HPAF1C Independently and Cooperatively (with SII) Stimulates Transcription Elongation. Direct Interactions of hPAF1C with Pol II and SII Are Required for Its Intrinsic and Synergistic Effects on Chromatin Transcription." SIGNOR-269838 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259212 SNAPIN protein O95295 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22203680 t lperfetto "We show that BLOC-1 is an elongated complex that contains one copy each of the eight subunits pallidin, Cappuccino, dysbindin, Snapin, Muted, BLOS1, BLOS2, and BLOS3. The complex appears as a linear chain of eight globular domains, ∼300 A long and ∼30 A in diameter." SIGNOR-265935 GH1 protein P01241 UNIPROT PRLR protein P16471 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7984244 t gcesareni "Hprl does not bind to the hgh receptor, but hgh binds to both the hghr and hprlr, and mutagenesis studies have shown that the receptor-binding sites on hgh overlap." SIGNOR-35575 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT SOST protein Q9BQB4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 28363951 f lperfetto "Furthermore, PTH acts on osteocytes to suppress the expression of sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling (Li, et al. 2005; Semenov, et al. 2005)). PTH action on sclerostin is primarily through cAMP signaling (Keller and Kneissel 2005) and mediated by Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcriptional regulators (Leupin, et al. 2007). Using the cAMP signaling pathway in osteoblasts, PTH also inhibits the expression of Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1) (Guo et al. 2010a), which is another Wnt pathway inhibitor " SIGNOR-270552 levomethadone chemical CHEBI:136003 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258807 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17620431 t miannu "Pazopanib inhibition of a number of kinases outside of the VEGFR family was also determined. These included Abl1; Akt3; activin-like kinase 6; cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin A; cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A; c-fms; c-Kit; epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB2; ErbB4; EphB4; focal adhesion kinase; FGF receptors (FGFR) 1, 2, and 3; Flt-3; glycogen synthase kinase 3; insulin-like growth factor type I receptor; insulin receptor; interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase; c-jun NH2-terminal kinases 1, 2, and 3; lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (murine); Met; p38α; PDGFRα and PDGFRβ; protein kinase C-β1 and -β2; polo-like kinases 1 and 3; Ret; Src; Syk; Tie-2; and Wee1. All assays were conducted using purified, recombinantly expressed catalytic domains of the kinases. " SIGNOR-259165 N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine smallmolecule CHEBI:53490 ChEBI FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257492 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 AVDQGNEsIVAKTTV 9606 19468302 t llicata "Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of a purified hscyk-4 fragment (hscyk-4n) phosphorylated by plk1 in vitro identified four major sites (s157, s170, s214, and s260 plk1 phosphorylation of hscyk-4 localizes ect2 at the midzone and stimulates rhoa-dependent contractile ring assembly at the equatorial cortex." SIGNOR-185754 NCBP1 protein Q09161 UNIPROT "Cap-binding complex" complex SIGNOR-C440 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26382858 t lperfetto "The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of the nuclear cap-binding protein (NCBP) 2 and its adaptor NCBP1, is believed to bind all capped RNA and to be necessary for its processing and intracellular localization." SIGNOR-268359 "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II" complex SIGNOR-C278 SIGNOR "Respiratory electron transport chain" phenotype SIGNOR-PH141 SIGNOR up-regulates 30030361 f lperfetto "The oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) of the mitochondrial inner membrane is composed of five enzymes (complexes I–V; cI–V). In mammals, they are all multimeric and, except for cII, have subunits encoded both in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and the nuclear genome (nDNA)." SIGNOR-262138 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 ITATSPAsMVGGKPG 9606 9335553 t gcesareni "These results indicate that activation of protein kinase c stimulates a kinase which can phosphorylate insulin receptor substrate-1 at serine 612, resulting in an inhibition of insulin signaling in the cell these data suggest that: 1) activation of pkctheta contributes to ikk and jnk activation by ffas;2) ikk and jnk mediate pkctheta signals for irs-1 serine phosphorylation and degradation; ser-302 phosphorylation is dependent on pi 3-kinase/mtor, whereas ser-307 depends on c-jun nh2-terminal kinase to inhibit irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Ser-636 is located around the pi 3-kinase binding site and, therefore, thought to inhibit pi 3-kinase signaling." SIGNOR-52696 HOXC13 protein P31276 UNIPROT LAMB2 protein P55268 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0000298 10835276 t Luana "The specificity of binding of these two proteins to the Lamin B2 origin is confirmed by both band-shift and in vitro footprinting assays. In addition, the ability of HOXC10 and HOXC13 to increase the activity of a promoter containing the 74 bp sequence, as assayed by CAT-assay experiments, demonstrates a direct interaction of these homeoproteins with the origin sequence in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-261644 PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT LGALS1 protein P09382 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002428 19351864 f miannu "PTTG induced S100A4 and galectin-1 mRNA and protein expression as assessed by Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR." SIGNOR-255068 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr101 EGLSMGNyIGLINRI 9606 BTO:0001282 16373505 t "PKR autophosphorylates on Y101, Y162, and Y293. unctional characterization of Y101F and Y162F mutants revealed that phosphorylation at these sites is needed for efficient dsRNA binding and kinase dimerization and activation." SIGNOR-251112 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 20404009 t Luana "In vitro functional assays demonstrated that lurasidone acts as an antagonist at D2 and 5-HT7 receptors and as a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype." SIGNOR-257838 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MPLKIP protein Q8TAP9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser93 YPGSYSRsPAGSQQQ 9606 17310276 t lperfetto "Ttdn1 is phosphorylated by cdk1 in vitro and in vivo. Ttdn1 is phosphorylated at multiple residues, including ser93 and ser104. Mutation of thr120 of ttdn1 abolishes its interaction with plk1, suggesting phosphorylation of thr120 in the consensus plk1-binding motif is required for its interaction with plk1" SIGNOR-153304 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT HTT protein P42858 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1179 LTNPPSLsPIRRKGK 9606 BTO:0000938 17611284 t lperfetto "Huntingtin is an antiapoptotic proteinwe show here that huntingtin is phosphorylated by the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) at serines 1181 and 1201. Phosphorylation can be induced by dna damage in vitro and in vivo. The state of huntingtin phosphorylation is a crucial regulator of neuronal cell death. Absence of phosphorylation of huntingtin at serines 1181 and 1201 confers toxic properties to wild-type huntingtin in a p53-dependent manner in striatal neurons and accelerates neuronal death induced by dna damage." SIGNOR-156836 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser386 ARVGGASsLENTVDL -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178367 CS protein O75390 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3013232 t miannu "Citrate synthase catalyzes an important step within the cycle, the Claisen condensation of acetyl-Coenzyme A with oxaloacetate to form citrate; and it is the only enzyme in the cycle that can catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon bond." SIGNOR-266549 prednisone chemical CHEBI:8382 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 4188963 t dermatitis gcesareni SIGNOR-251705 C1QB protein P02746 UNIPROT "Complement C1q" complex SIGNOR-C308 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 29449492 t lperfetto "C1q comprises 18 polypeptide chains; three chains of C1q-A, -B, and -C trimerize to form six collagen-like triple helices connected to six globular (trimeric) ligand-recognition (gC1q) modules (fig. S1B) (1)." SIGNOR-263388 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser645 LNEKARLsYSDKNLI 9606 9305920 t gcesareni "Taken together, our results demonstrate that serine 643 of pkc-delta is a major autophosphorylation site, and phosphorylation of this site plays an important role in controlling its enzymatic activity and biological function. The enzymatic activity of pkc-deltas643a mutant as measured by phosphorylating the pkc-delta pseudosubstrate region-derived substrate was also reduced more than 70% in comparison to that of pkc-deltawt." SIGNOR-51000 CHMP2A protein O43633 UNIPROT Viral_budding phenotype SIGNOR-PH125 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 30989108 f miannu "ESCRT-III has been proposed to assemble inside the membrane neck formed at a late stage of a budding vesicle or an enveloped virus. The membrane neck needs to be constricted to proceed to membrane fission, thereby splitting the vesicle or virus from the cellular membrane. CHMP2A and CHMP3 are engaged late in ESCRT-III assembly, recruit VPS4 (31, 42), and block Snf7 (CHMP4) polymerization" SIGNOR-260844 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Glu-tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29157 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269529 RAB32 protein Q13637 UNIPROT BLOC-2 complex SIGNOR-C252 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23247405 t lperfetto "Rab32 and Rab38 interact physically and colocalize with BLOC-2, AP-1 and AP-3|These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 operate in the same pathways previously defined for AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2 and suggest they are the specific proteins that divert AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2-dependent cargoes to maturing melanosomes and away from lysosomes." SIGNOR-260695 "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263777 "Av/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C175 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269024 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling as pka suppresses the activity of gli, smo might use the stimulation of pi3k by galfai and gbetagamma subu- nits to block pka in cells that have high levels of camp" SIGNOR-152814 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "NLRP1 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C224 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22801494 t miannu "Here we identify a role for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR, also known as EIF2AK2) in inflammasome activation. PKR physically interacts with several inflammasome components, including NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), NLRP1, NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and broadly regulates inflammasome activation." SIGNOR-263118 HOXB7 protein P09629 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002419 SIGNOR-C106 17308091 t miannu "Ku70 and Ku80 associated with HOXB7 in vivo. Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer formation is a prerequisite for HOXB7 binding. interaction between Ku70/80 and HOXB7 may affect the catalytic activity of DNA-PK. HOXB7 stimulates DNA-PK activity" SIGNOR-226063 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 11108261 t lperfetto "Studies using mutants of er-alpha demonstrated that akt increased estrogen receptor activity through the amino-terminal activation function-1 (af-1). Serines s104 s106, s118, and s167 appear to play a role in the activation of er-alpha by akt." SIGNOR-244243 FURIN protein P09958 UNIPROT VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage BTO:0001538 8218226 t Giorgia "Like PACE,PACE4 was able to process pro-vWF to its mature form, and efficient cleavage required both the P4 arginine and the P2 lysine" SIGNOR-260368 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT VDR protein P11473 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 18485278 f miannu "We have shown here that the transcriptional repressor protein SLUG inhibits the expression of VDR in human breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-255177 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29590-4" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of pml by mitogen-activated protein kinases plays a key role in arsenic trioxide-mediated apoptosis." SIGNOR-270153 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser203 DLEFSSGsPGKETNE 9606 17440046 t llicata "Cdk5 phosphorylated gr at multiple serines, including ser203 and ser211 of its n-terminal domain, and suppressed the transcriptional activity of this receptor on glucocorticoid-responsive promoters by attenuating attraction of transcriptional cofactors to dna.| the effect of CDK5 on GR-induced transcriptional activity is specific to gene promoter, and possibly, to tissue" SIGNOR-154401 CyclinD3/CDK11A complex SIGNOR-C542 SIGNOR SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser242 WTDSEVDsSCSGQPI 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273122 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12913110 f lperfetto "FOXO transcription factors directly activate bim gene expression and promote apoptosis in sympathetic neurons." SIGNOR-209654 ITGB8 protein P26012 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 11970960 f lperfetto "Integrin _v_8-mediated tgf_ activation is also required to regulate neurovascular homeostasis in the adult brain" SIGNOR-117386 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 11163226 f scontino "In this study, the roles of NFATc1 and NFATc2 in T and B cells were examined. These results further characterize NFAT as a transcription factor family that plays a critical role in the regulation of lymphocyte effector differentiation." SIGNOR-270538 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr81 MQQCDSPyVVKYYGS 9606 BTO:0000938 22590567 t llicata "We demonstrate that c-abl kinase phosphorylates mst2 at an evolutionarily conserved site, y81, within the kinase domain. We further show that the phosphorylation of mst2 by c-abl leads to the disruption of the interaction with raf-1 proteins and the enhancement of homodimerization of mst2 proteins. It thereby enhances the mst2 activation and induces neuronal cell death." SIGNOR-197538 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268887 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 8994190 t Luana "Human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) type 1 catalyzes the conversion of the low activity estrogen, estrone, into highly active estradiol, both in the gonads and in target tissues. " SIGNOR-269757 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT NPHS1 protein O60500 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15504938 t "The Wilms tumor suppressor gene (WT1) is a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor that is coexpressed with NPHS1 in differentiated podocytes; gel shift binding assays demonstrate that a recombinant WT1 protein can bind and activate the 186-bp NPHS1 fragment in a sequence-specific manner" SIGNOR-252299 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1083 ESERGSGsQSSVPSV 9606 18442975 t llicata "Ser-1083 phosphorylation is ir-inducible, depends on atm and nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (nbs1), and is required for intra-s phase checkpoint." SIGNOR-178479 [4-[2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-(1-piperazinyl)methanone chemical CHEBI:91441 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258232 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 9606 BTO:0000887 11114197 t gcesareni "Camk phosphorylates serines -259 and -498 in hdac5, which subsequently serve as docking sites for 14-3-3. Our studies suggest that 14-3-3 binding to hdac5 is required for camk-dependent disruption of mef2hdac complexes and nuclear export of hdac5, and implicate 14-3-3 as a signal-dependent regulator of muscle cell differentiation.Recently, camkiv, a calcium-calmodulindependent protein kinase, was also shown to activate mef2s by dissociating class ii histone deacetylases (e.g., Hdac5) from mef2s, thus relieving the transcriptional repressive effect of hdacs." SIGNOR-85106 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HOXB7 protein P09629 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser133 IYPWMRSsGTDRKRG 10090 BTO:0002882 11290787 t llicata "Thus, we concluded that CKII can phosphorylate HOXB7 in vitro and that this phosphorylation occurs at both of the CKII target sites, S133 and T204. | Wild-type HOXB7 inhibited the differentiation of 32D cells, whereas mutations in the Pbx-binding pentapeptide motif or the DNA-binding homeodomain, as well as internal deletions of the N-terminal unique region, blocked this effect. Interestingly, mutations eliminating two target sites for casein kinase II, the glutamate-rich C terminus, or the first 14 amino acids of HOXB7, led to enhanced 32D differentiation." SIGNOR-250896 SL-327 chemical CHEBI:92211 ChEBI MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 11160424 t gcesareni "Pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity (impey et al., 1999) and neuronal survival (villalba and journot, 1997;meyerfranke et al., 1998;skaper et al., 1998;anderson and tolkovsky, 1999;singer et al., 1999;bi et al., 2000). Interestingly, erk5 activation by egf in cos7 cells is also blocked by these inhibitors, (kamakura et al., 1999), suggesting that the erk5 pathway may also regulate cellular processes credited previously to erk1/2." SIGNOR-104936 C1QBP protein Q07021 UNIPROT C1QB protein P02746 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C308 28018340 t lperfetto "Previous studies have shown that gC1qR inhibits aggregated IgG-mediated complement activation by binding to the gC1q site on C1q, thereby preventing IgG from binding to the gh’s (28), suggesting that the binding sites for gC1qR and IgG on C1q may be identical or at least overlapping." SIGNOR-263403 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 14676825 t lperfetto "Mechanism of processing of the nf-kappa b2 p100 precursor: identification of the specific polyubiquitin chain-anchoring lysine residue and analysis of the role of nedd8-modification on the scf(beta-trcp) ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-217175 RNF216 protein Q9NWF9 UNIPROT TIRAP protein P58753 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16968706 t miannu "Triad3A promotes proteolytic degradation of adapter proteins. A, Triad3A promotes down-regulation of TIRAP, TRIF, and RIP1 proteins." SIGNOR-271607 PIK3IP1 protein Q96FE7 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 24316979 t miannu "We demonstrate that CUX1 deficiency activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling through direct transcriptional downregulation of the PI3K inhibitor PIK3IP1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase interacting protein 1), leading to increased tumor growth and susceptibility to PI3K-AKT inhibition." SIGNOR-260073 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Gln-tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29166 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269550 ACACB protein O00763 UNIPROT malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20952656 t miannu "ACC catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting and first committed step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Two isoforms of ACC exist in mammals, ACC1 and ACC2, and both enzymes function to carboxylate acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA" SIGNOR-267110 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT WASF3 protein Q9UPY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr337 LPAQIIEyYNPSGPP 9606 BTO:0000815 17623672 t "WAVE3-Abl interaction promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of WAVE3 by Abl, and STI-571, a specific inhibitor of Abl kinase activity, abrogates the Abl-mediated phosphorylation of WAVE3." SIGNOR-262301 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser840 VRSAFTTsTVVRMHV -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249284 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 PMDGSFEsPHTMDMS 9606 10652300 t lperfetto "Here we present evidence from in vitro and in vivo assay systems that the degradation of human cyclin a can be inhibited by kinase-inactive mutants of cdk2 and cdc2cdk2 can phosphorylate cyclin a on ser-154" SIGNOR-74466 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser486 LRTPGRQsPGPGHRS 9606 10581160 t "Axin residues T609 and S614 are physiological GSK3beta targets. Axin phosphorylation in the regulation of b-catenin stability. When active (left), GSK3b phosphorylates Axin as well as APC and b-catenin. The phosphorylated form of Axin binds strongly to b-catenin and promotes the phosphorylation of b-catenin by GSK3b, leading to strong interaction with b-TrCP" SIGNOR-251221 embelin chemical CHEBI:4778 ChEBI XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 28704451 t lperfetto "Targeting of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and PI3-kinase/AKT signaling by embelin suppresses growth of leukemic cells." SIGNOR-262013 "Yellow AB" chemical CHEBI:82554 ChEBI PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 17970037 t gcesareni "Anti-patched-1 antibodies suppress hedgehog signaling pathway and pancreatic cancer proliferation." SIGNOR-158650 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PIP5K1C protein O60331 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser650 DERSWVYsPLHYSAQ 9606 15738269 t lperfetto "The interaction of talin with phosphatidylinositol(4) phosphate 5 kinase type i gamma (pipki gamma) regulates pi(4,5)p2 synthesis at synapses and at focal adhesions. Here, we show that phosphorylation of serine 650 (s650) within the talin-binding sequence of human pipki gamma blocks this interaction. At synapses, s650 is phosphorylated by p35/cdk5 and mitogen-activated protein kinase at rest, and dephosphorylated by calcineurin upon stimulation." SIGNOR-134455 AIP protein O00170 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 21984905 t "The immunophilin-like protein XAP2 is a negative regulator of estrogen signaling through interaction with estrogen receptor α." SIGNOR-253644 CUL4A protein Q13619 UNIPROT ARIH1 protein Q9Y4X5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24076655 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases such as TRIAD1 and HHARI can bind and be activated by CRL complexes. Whereas TRIAD1 specifically associates with CUL5–RBX2, HHARI is more promiscuous towards cullin types and associates with RBX1-associated cullins 1, 2, 3, and 4A. Interestingly, both TRIAD1 and HHARI show a strong preference for binding the neddylated form of the cullin. Our data suggest a novel function of NEDD8 in directing specific CRLs to Ariadne RBR ligases, which in turn exert influence on the levels of their cognate neddylated cullin." SIGNOR-268847 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-249133 HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257354 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-270215 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Asp-tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29158 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270374 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-N-[2-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-2-benzofurancarboxamide chemical CHEBI:92223 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-203476 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 ADDSLSNsEEEPDRQ 9606 21559372 t llicata "Further investigation revealed that il-6 stabilizes twist in scchn cell lines through casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation of twist residues s18 and s20, and that this phosphorylation inhibits degradation of twist." SIGNOR-173672 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10909964 f lperfetto "In skeletal muscle, insulin activates glycogen synthase by reducing phosphorylation at both NH2- and COOH-terminal sites of the enzyme and by elevating the levels of glucose-6-phosphate, an allosteric activator of glycogen synthase." SIGNOR-236803 GLS2 protein Q9UI32 UNIPROT glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22049910 t "Glutaminase (GLS1/2) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine to L-glutamate and ammonia." SIGNOR-266909 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254723 POT1 protein Q9NUX5 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C306 18680434 t lperfetto "The current model for how telomeres repress ATR signaling proposes that POT1/TPP1 prevents the binding of RPA to the single-stranded telomeric DNA" SIGNOR-263324 ANKRD6 protein Q9Y2G4 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20006983 t gcesareni "Our data thus demonstrate that diversin and dishevelled function together in a mutually dependent fashion in zebrafish gastrulation and organ formation" SIGNOR-162142 ELOC protein Q15369 UNIPROT H1-1 protein Q02539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser183 KPKKVAKsPAKAKAV 9606 BTO:0000567 20551309 t lperfetto "Our results also show the potential function of p-tefb phosphorylation of h1, namely, to increase h1 dissociation from actively transcribed dna. P-tefb preferentially phosphorylates the ser-183 phosphorylation site of histone h1.1" SIGNOR-166120 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser183 PPTQKPPsPPMSGRG 9606 21419341 t lperfetto "Our mass spectrometry also identified abi1 s183 and s225 on abi1 (numbering corresponds to abi1 isoform 1) as sites phosphorylated on endogenous protein and in the wildtype erk-dependent in vitro phosphorylated sample. these data indicate erk phosphorylation of abi1 is required for basal and egf-induced wrc interaction with the wrp2/3 complex." SIGNOR-172869 RFC3 protein P40938 UNIPROT "RF-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C375 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12930972 t lperfetto "RF‐C, a complex of five subunits, is conserved in all eukaryotes (reviewed in 5). In yeast, all subunits of RF‐C are essential for viability. The genes encoding all five subunits of mammalian RF‐C (145, 40, 38, 37 and 36 kDa) have been cloned" SIGNOR-265507 LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT CLDN17 protein P56750 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 22889411 t miannu "We used the Ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family of E3s, a group of PDZ domain-containing RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, to demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy. Many potential substrates of LNX E3s were identified. Eight of the nine selected candidates were ubiquitinated in vitro, and two novel endogenous substrates, PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR), were confirmed in vivo." SIGNOR-272900 midostaurin chemical CHEBI:63452 ChEBI FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 30069632 t Gianni "Midostaurin (PKC412, Rydapt®) is an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Main targets are the kinase domain receptor, vascular endothelial-, platelet derived-, and fibroblast growth factor receptor, stem cell factor receptor c-KIT, as well as mutated and wild-type FLT3 kinase" SIGNOR-261976 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF2B3 protein Q9NR50 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Akt also promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating gsk3b, thus releasing the gsk3b-dependent inhibition of the eukariotic translation initiation factor 2b (eif2b)." SIGNOR-175520 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TELO2 protein Q9Y4R8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser491 GSDSDLDsDDEFVPY 9606 20864032 t lperfetto "Here we report that tel2 and tti1 are targeted for degradation within mtorc1 by the scffbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mtor signalling to growth factor availability. This process is primed by ck2, which translocates to the cytoplasm to mediate mtorc1-specific phosphorylation of tel2/tti1. Here, we show that tel2 is constitutively phosphorylated on conserved serines 487 and 491 by casein kinase 2 (ck2)" SIGNOR-168040 SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 28192058 t scontino "Active iodide (I-) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I- uptake plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. " SIGNOR-266961 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser255 SSQMKSMsTFIEEAY 9606 BTO:0000567 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265226 PDK2 protein Q15119 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser232 NRYGMGTsVERAAAS -1 7782287 t gcesareni "Sites 1, 2, and 3 in the E1 mutants were phosphorylated either individually or in the presence of the other sites by the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase-protein X-E1 kinase indicating a site-independent mechanism of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-33040 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259222 HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256769 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000876 21673972 t lperfetto "These results demonstrate that the ikk is a direct substrate of ampk_2 and that its phosphorylation on ser177 and ser181no initiates the activation of the ampk_2 in endothelial cells which in turn phosphorylates and activates the _-subunit of the ikk. The latter also induces a higher rate of ikk auto-inactivation and thus attenuates the activation of nf_b and the expression of inflammatory genes" SIGNOR-217457 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19129776 t gcesareni "HES1 binding to the promoter of the NC3C1 gene inhibits its expression and results in insufficient production of the encoded glucocorticoid receptor- rendering these cells resistant to treatment with dexamethasone" SIGNOR-251674 PTPRE protein P23469 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9534 15522235 t llicata "PTPepsilonM activated c-Src kinase probably by directly dephosphorylating phospho-Tyr527, a negative regulatory site of c-Src." SIGNOR-238074 NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT HEYL protein Q9NQ87 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 11044625 f gcesareni "In the latter, heyl is coexpressed with notch3, so far the only notch pathway gene detected in vascular smooth muscles (fig. 2h,i;joutel et al., 2000). Both genes are also coexpressed during late thymus development and our own promoter studies further suggest a potential regulation of heyl transcription by notch3." SIGNOR-83402 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10195903 t "inferred from 70% family members" "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-269992 PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15801 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" "chemical modification" 25406093 t lperfetto "Here we show that, in addition to catalyzing oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate, PHGDH catalyzes NADH-dependent reduction of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) to the oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2HG)." SIGNOR-268572 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT POLH protein Q9Y253 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser601 EMDLAHNsQSMHASS 9606 21242293 t lperfetto "Atr-mediated phosphorylation of dna polymerase _ is needed for efficient recovery from uv damage. We show that, after uv irradiation, pol_ becomes phosphorylated at ser601 by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related (atr) kinase. Atr-dependent phosphorylation of pol_ is necessary to restore normal survival and postreplication repair" SIGNOR-171290 ELF2 protein Q15723 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 18544453 f "These findings indicate that ELF2 transactivates VCP promoter through binding to two motifs, with a predominant contribution of the upstream one." SIGNOR-254283 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT TDRD1 protein Q9BXT4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 23555854 f miannu "we report that ERG and TDRD1 are co-expressed in human prostate cancers and we provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed co-expression. We demonstrate that ERG activates TDRD1 transcription by inducing loss of DNA methylation at the TDRD1 promoter-associated CpG island." SIGNOR-254068 PREX1 protein Q8TCU6 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260569 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2409 LHGDDQDsEDEVLTI 9606 8318012 t lperfetto "The two sites phosphorylated by ck ii in vivo and in vitro are ser82 and ser157." SIGNOR-37831 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CBX3 protein Q13185 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser93 KDGTKRKsLSDSESD 9606 16531993 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that p-ser 83-hp1gamma has an exclusively euchromatic localization, interacts with ku70 (a regulatory protein involved in multiple nuclear procesess), has impaired silencing activity and serves as a marker for transcription elongation." SIGNOR-145109 CXCL11 protein O14625 UNIPROT CXCR3 protein P49682 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 12750173 t miannu "The chemokines CXCL9, 10, and 11 exert their action via CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3), a receptor highly expressed on activated T cells." SIGNOR-260971 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 16982699 t gcesareni "Whereas akt1 phosphorylates p21, inducing its release from cdk2 and cytoplasmic localization as previously described for akt, akt2 binds p21 in the region spanning the t145 site of p21, thus competing with phosphorylation by akt1 and inducing its accumulation in the nucleus. These distinct roles of akt/pkb isoforms in modulating proliferation and p21 have important implications for the development of drugs aimed at inhibiting cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-149705 H2BC11 protein P06899 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C322 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24311584 t miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression. However, no structural differences between H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 have been reported. In the present study, the crystal structures of nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 were determined." SIGNOR-263716 CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256735 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ALYREF protein Q86V81 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr219 GGGTRRGtRGGARGR 9606 18562279 t llicata "Nuclear akt directly binds aly and phosphorylates it on the t219 residue. gfp-aly t219d displayed comparable activity to gfp control and wild-type aly, indicating that aly phosphorylation by akt is sufficient to enhance mrna export." SIGNOR-179054 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT KMT5A protein Q9NQR1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser100 SKIYSYMsPNKCSGM 9606 20966048 t "The dephosphorylation of S29 during late mitosis by the Cdc14 phosphatases was required for APC(cdh1)-mediated ubiquitination of PR-Set7 and subsequent proteolysis." SIGNOR-248339 SETDB1/NLK/CHD7 complex SIGNOR-C189 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21952300 f FFerrentino "The non-canonical WNT ligand WNT5A activates the histone methyltransferase SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1). SETDB1 forms a complex with chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 7 (CHD7) and NEMO-like kinase (NLK) to inhibit the ability of PPARγ to transcriptionally activate its downstream metabolic target genes in the MSC cell line ST2 and in 3T3-L1 cells" SIGNOR-253524 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NFXL1 protein Q6ZNB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271175 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8929531 t gcesareni "14-3-3 blocks bad activity by promoting ser-155 phosphorylation, which induces the dissociation of bad and bcl-xl. in the presence of survival factor il-3, cells phosphorylated bad on two serine residues embedded in 14-3-3 consensus binding sites. Only the nonphosphorylated bad heterodimerized with bcl-x(l) at membrane sites to promote cell death." SIGNOR-44855 TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17429065 t lpetrilli "Smad2/3 also binds to _-tubulin, which provides a negative regulatory mechanism controlling tgf-_ activity. the results showed that the mh2 domain of smad2 binds to _-tubulin with almost the same efficiency as the full-length (wild-type) smad2. Similar results were obtained for the smad3 binding to _-tubulin." SIGNOR-154316 PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT Fatty_acid_oxidation phenotype SIGNOR-PH129 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103;BTO:0000671 18836859 f miannu "PPAR-α is predominantly expressed in the liver and skeletal muscles, participating in fatty-acids catabolism. PPAR-α also activates fatty-acid oxidation in the kidney, skeletal muscles, and heart" SIGNOR-268027 CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser242 WTDSEVDsSCSGQPI 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273127 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UBE4A protein Q14139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271274 NFE2 protein Q16621 UNIPROT HBE1 protein P02100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000426 16287851 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "NF-E2 is a transcription activator for the regulation of a number of erythroid- and megakaryocytic lineage-specific genes. Here we present evidence that the large subunit of mammalian NF-E2, p45, is sumoylated in vivo in human erythroid K562 cells. we demonstrated by stable transfection assay that only the wild-type p45, but not its mutant form p45 (K368R), could efficiently rescue β-globin gene expression in the p45-null, erythroid cell line CB3. These data together point to a model of mammalian β-like globin gene activation by sumoylated p45/NF-E2 in erythroid cells." SIGNOR-251842 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr255 DLPDMKEtKYTVDKR 9606 11152499 t tpavlidou "We previously identified four autophosphorylated amino acids and elucidated their participation in pkr activation.Replacement Of all four of these residues in pkr with alanines did not dramatically affect kinase activity in vitro or in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.However, when coupled with mutations of serine 242 and threonines 255 and 258 in the central region, these mutations increased pkr protein expression in mammalian cells, consistent with diminished kinase activity." SIGNOR-85773 CARD11 protein Q9BXL7 UNIPROT BCL10 protein O95999 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12356734 t gcesareni "Card11 cooperates with bcl10 in a card domain-dependent manner.;These results implicate card11 in factor- specific activation of nf-kappab" SIGNOR-93869 RLN2 protein P04090 UNIPROT RXFP2 protein Q8WXD0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11809971 t gcesareni "Lgr7 and lgr8, are capable of mediating the action of relaxin through an adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (camp)-dependent pathway." SIGNOR-114585 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257630 DUSP5 protein Q16690 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10224087 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Extracellular regulated kinases (erk) 1 and erk2 are authentic substrates for the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase vhr. A novel role in down-regulating the erk pathway" SIGNOR-269912 CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT corticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16827 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268680 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 10448861 f lperfetto "Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1." SIGNOR-235645 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr526 TNSFSAStGLSDMTA 10090 BTO:0000944 8662759 t llicata "Casein kinase II associates with Egr-1 and acts as a negative modulator of its DNA binding and transcription activities in NIH 3T3 cells. | There are three CKII recognition sites (S376XXD, T389XE, and T516XXXD) in fragment 10." SIGNOR-250858 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr612 TLHTDDGyMPMSPGV 10116 11416002 t lperfetto "All known IRS proteins contain multiple YXXM motifs that upon phosphorylation by activated insulin re- ceptors Tyr(612) and Tyr(632) in human insulin receptor substrate-1 are important for full activation of insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and translocation of GLUT4 in adipose cells" SIGNOR-235971 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15713663 t gcesareni "Cyclin d1 bound hdac in vivo and preferentially physically associated with hdac1, hdac2, hdac3, and hdac5." SIGNOR-134062 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259704 OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr203 HQHYYYDtHTNTYYL 9606 12145304 t gcesareni "The secretory na-k-cl cotransporter nkcc1 is activated by secretagogues through a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. three phosphoacceptor sites were identified in the n-terminal domain of the protein (at thr184, thr189, and thr202) none of these residues occurs in the context of strong consensus sites for known ser/thr kinases." SIGNOR-90927 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser232 LTLWTSDsAGEECDA -1 9360956 t llicata "This protein kinase has been identified as casein kinase Ialpha (CKIalpha) by peptide mapping analysis and sequencing. Among mammalian 14-3-3, only 14-3-3 tau possesses a phosphorylatable residue at the same position (Ser-233), and we show that this residue is also phosphorylated by CKI. In addition, we show that 14-3-3 zeta is exclusively phosphorylated on Thr-233 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The residue 233 is located within a region shown to be important for the association of 14-3-3 to target proteins. " SIGNOR-250795 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DBF4 protein Q9UBU7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr449 DDIRQNFtQLPLHKN 9606 22123827 t lperfetto "Dbf4/cdc7 (dbf4-dependent kinase (ddk)) is activated at the onset of s-phase, and its kinase activity is required for dna replication initiation from each origin. We identified novel atm/atr phosphorylation sites on dbf4 and showed that atm/atr-mediated phosphorylation of dbf4 is critical for the intra-s-phase checkpoint to inhibit dna replication." SIGNOR-177801 PRLHR protein P49683 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257089 sorafenib chemical CHEBI:50924 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000848 21654832 t gcesareni "Inhibition of map kinases mek, jnk, p38, and multikinases (braf, craf, vegfp by sorafenib) in wm-115 and m14 human melanoma cell lines led to either significant reduction or complete inhibition of the plk-1 protein expression." SIGNOR-174036 SRPK2 protein P78362 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19592491 f lperfetto "Compared with control, srpk2 wild type evidently elevated cyclin d1 transcription, and the catalytic activity was lost in srpk2 kd, suggesting that kinase activity of srpk2 is required for this effect." SIGNOR-186763 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 PSANKPCsKQPPPQP 9606 22878263 t llicata "In the present study, we identify the serine/threonine kinase dyrk2 as siah2 interaction partner that phosphorylates siah2 at five residues (ser16, thr26, ser28, ser68, and thr119). accordingly, phosphorylated siah2 is more active than the wild-type e3 ligase and shows an increased ability to trigger the hif-1?-Mediated transcriptional response and angiogenesis." SIGNOR-198721 AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys191 RNHIQLVkLQVEEVH 9606 BTO:0002552 31732561 t lperfetto "AREL1 ubiquitinated SMAC, primarily on Lys62 and Lys191 |E701A substitution in the AREL1 HECT domain substantially increased its autopolyubiquitination and SMAC ubiquitination activity, whereas deletion of the last three amino acids at the C terminus completely abrogated AREL1 autoubiquitination and reduced SMAC ubiquitination." SIGNOR-267672 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 9606 21892142 t lperfetto "Another recently described set of transcriptional regulators targeted by ampk and its related family members across a range of eukaryotes are the class iia family of histone deacetylases (hdacs)." SIGNOR-216554 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9534 BTO:0000298 8137421 t miannu "JNK1 binds to the c-Jun transactivation domain and phosphorylates it on Ser-63 and Ser-73. The effect on AP-1 transcriptional activity results, in part, from enhanced phosphorylation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal activation domain." SIGNOR-250122 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr163 TDGSLPStPPPAEEE 9606 BTO:0000150 18676833 t gcesareni "Mcl-1 can be rapidly degraded by certain death-inducing signals, but it is able to be readily induced by diverse survival cytokines such as epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyt-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 3 through phosphatidy-linositol-3-oh kinase/akt, mek/mapk, or janus-activated kinase/stat signaling cascades" SIGNOR-179816 "BMS 794833" chemical CID:44155856 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190419 CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257125 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2547 YEGSEEVsPPQTKDQ 32152317 t "Phosphosites were derived from Figure S1" lperfetto "Here, we find that CDC14B antagonizes CDK1-mediated activating mitotic phosphorylation of the deubiquitinase USP9X at serine residue 2563, which we show to be essential for USP9X to mediate mitotic survival. Starting from an unbiased proteome-wide screening approach, we specify Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1) as the relevant substrate that becomes deubiquitylated and stabilized by serine 2563-phosphorylated USP9X in mitosis." SIGNOR-275612 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 21433395 f miannu "The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors transduce signals from a variety of extracellular stimuli, and are important mediators of inflammation, cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. STATs are activated in response to growth factors, cytokines, and G-CSF binding to cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. Although structurally similar, the seven STAT family members possess diverse biological roles. For example, STAT1 activation is pro-inflammatory and anti-proliferative, while STAT3 activation is anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic." SIGNOR-263651 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr163 TDGSLPStPPPAEEE 9606 12223490 t gcesareni "We found that jnk phosphorylated ser-121 and thr-163 of mcl-1 in response to stimulation with h(2)o(2) and that transfection of unphosphorylatable mcl-1 resulted in an enhanced anti-apoptotic activity in response to stimulation with h(2)o(2). Jnk-dependent phosphorylation and thus inactivation of mcl-1 may be one of the mechanisms through which oxidative stress induces cellular damage." SIGNOR-92593 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr157 GIRKRPAtDDSSTQN 9606 18593906 t gcesareni "We show, herein, that all the pim family members (pim1, pim2, and pim3) bind to and directly phosphorylate the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) at threonine-157 and threonine-198 residues in cells and in vitro." SIGNOR-259426 KLHL8 protein Q9P2G9 UNIPROT RAPSN protein Q13702 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 19158078 t miannu "We found that rapsyn was polyubiquitinated by KLHL8-containing E3 ligase, but not by KEAP1-containing E3 ligase, clearly indicating that rapsyn is a direct substrate of KLHL8-containing E3 ligase in mammals. We next examined the effect of KLHL-8 depletion on the ubiquitination of rapsyn by performing RNAi experiments in mammalian cells. We found that knockdown of KLHL8 in 3T3 cells reduced the level of rapsyn ubiquitination (Fig. 5C), again indicating that the maintenance mechanism for rapsyn stability is conserved in mammals.The in vitro ubiquitination of mammalian rapsyn by CUL3-containing E3 ligase and the effect of KLHL8 knockdown on the ubiquitination of rapsyn." SIGNOR-271781 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates acetylation Lys2029 NAVDDLGkSALHWAA 9606 17636029 t gcesareni "This result implies that the residues k2019, k2039, k2044, and k2068 of notch1-ic are the major targets of the acetyltransferase activity of tip60." SIGNOR-156911 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 10022904 t lperfetto "Activation of IkappaB kinase beta by protein kinase C isoforms. | Interestingly, recombinant active zetaPKC and alphaPKC are able to stimulate in vitro the activity of IKKbeta but not that of IKKalpha. In addition, evidence is presented here that recombinant zetaPKC directly phosphorylates IKKbeta in vitro, involving Ser177 and Ser181. Collectively, these results demonstrate a critical role for the PKC isoforms in the NF-kappaB pathway at the level of IKKbeta activation and IkappaB degradation." SIGNOR-249016 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser243 PGETPPLsPIDMESQ 9606 BTO:0000150 22307329 t lperfetto "Degradation of c-jun/c-myc is a critical process for the g(1)/s transition, which is initiated upon phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3 ? (gsk3?). However, a specific kinase or kinases responsible for priming phosphorylation events that precede this gsk3? Modification has not been definitively identified. Here, we found that the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase dyrk2 functions as a priming kinase of c-jun and c-myc.The finding that kinase-active dyrk2 phosphorylated gst_c-jun210_310-wt by detection with an anti_phospho_c-jun(ser243) antibody demonstrated that dyrk2 is a ser243 kinase in vitro" SIGNOR-195771 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PINX1 protein Q96BK5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser117 SFSLEEKsKISKNRV 9606 20573420 t lperfetto "Here, we show that polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) is a novel interacting protein of pinx1. Plk1 interacts with and phosphorylates pinx1 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, plk1-mediated phosphorylation of pinx1 at five phosphorylation sites is essential for its plk1-induced degradation." SIGNOR-166321 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT RDX protein P35241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr564 AGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 BTO:0000132 35267019 t miannu "Rev-erbα interacted with OPHN-1, promoted RhoA activity and phosphorylation of ERM. etection of phosphorylated ezrin (Thr567)/radixin (Thr564)/moesin (Thr558)(p-ERM) in Rev-erbαfl/flCre− and Rev-erbαfl/flPF4Cre+ platelets using phospho-specific antibodies." SIGNOR-268430 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258992 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 16670091 f lperfetto " FOXO1 coexpression dose-dependently repressed transcription from either the PPARgamma 1 or PPARgamma2 promoter reporter by 65%, whereas insulin (100 nm, 20-24 h) either partially or completely reversed this effect. " SIGNOR-252910 H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT Transcritpional_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH205 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 22266761 f Gianni "Widely described to be associated with active chromatin, H3K36 methylation has also been implicated in transcriptional repression, alternative splicing, dosage compensation, DNA replication and repair" SIGNOR-269072 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 10358076 f lperfetto "Insulin disrupts irs-dependent transactivation by fkhr, and phosphorylation of ser-256 by pkb is necessary and sufficient to mediate this effect." SIGNOR-68155 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0000142 15496985 f lperfetto "Intersectins 1 and 2, epsin2, NECAP and sorting nexin9 were identified as α‐appendage ligands in mass spectrometry of these samples" SIGNOR-260416 RalGAP2 complex SIGNOR-C469 SIGNOR RALA protein P11233 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0000011 21148297 t miannu "Here we report the identification and characterization of a Ral GAP complex (RGC) that mediates the activation of RalA downstream of the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The complex is composed of an RGC1 regulatory subunit and an RGC2 catalytic subunit (previously identified as AS250) that directly stimulates the guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis of RalA. RGC2 negatively regulates RalA activity in adipocytes. When immunoprecipitated from cell lysates of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by an anti-RGC2 antibody, RGC proteins efficiently enhanced GTP hydrolysis of recombinant RalA in vitro, compared with RalA alone or RalA incubated with various control immunoprecipitates (Figure 2C)." SIGNOR-269796 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr375 GRGARGGtRGGRGRI 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249255 IL3 protein P08700 UNIPROT NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 10082541 f lperfetto "We previously reported that NFIL3 is an IL-3-responsive gene in Baf-3 cells" SIGNOR-242763 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 PKFKVKSsPLIEKLQ -1 15850461 t miannu "CapZIP was also phosphorylated rapidly by SAPK3/p38γ and SAPK4/p38δ, and even faster and more extensively by JNK1α1, these protein kinases phosphorylating CapZIP in vitro to >3, approx. 2 and >5 mol of phosphate/mol of protein respectively within a few minutes. Following tryptic digestion and C18 chromatography, further sites phosphorylated by JNK1α1 were identified as Ser-68, Ser-83 and Ser-216 (results not shown), and are highlighted in Figure 3.Using this antibody, we showed by immunoblotting that bacterially expressed CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-108 by SAPK4/p38δ, JNK1α1 and ERK2 in vitro, as well as by SAPK3/p38γ (results not shown).An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263086 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 SIMQQCDsPHVVKYY 9606 20028971 t llicata "C-jun n-terminal kinase enhances mst1-mediated pro-apoptotic signaling through phosphorylation at serine 82." SIGNOR-162327 CD40LG protein P29965 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 19047375 f gcesareni "Coimmunoprecipitation and western blot analysis showed that heptp was phosphorylated in a pka-dependent manner, which inactivated heptp and allowed for increased free p38 mapk to be phosphorylated by the mapk cascade that was activated by cd40l" SIGNOR-182519 CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr200 EHQVLMKtVCGTPGY 7615569 t llicata "Phosphorylation and activation of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV by Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ia kinase. Phosphorylation of threonine 196 is essential for activation." SIGNOR-250718 IL20 protein Q9NYY1 UNIPROT IL20RB protein Q6UXL0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11163236 t gcesareni "An IL-20 receptor was identified as a heterodimer of two orphan class II cytokine receptor subunits. Both receptor subunits are expressed in skin and are dramatically upregulated in psoriatic skin. Taken together, these results demonstrate a role in epidermal function and psoriasis for IL-20, a novel cytokine identified solely by bioinformatics analysis." SIGNOR-151874 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000130 16709866 f gcesareni "The role of members of the arrestin family to mediate kinase activation is also a well-established phenomenon, including activation of members of the src family, erk1/2, and jnk3. Activation often includes the recruitment and interaction of arrestins with upstream mapks (ask1, mek3, mkk3, and mek kinase-2)." SIGNOR-146751 CDK18 protein Q07002 UNIPROT AQP2 protein P41181 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser261 RQSVELHsPQSLPRG 9606 BTO:0000007 32164329 t lperfetto "CDK18 controls AQP2 through phosphorylation at serine 261 and STUB1-mediated ubiquitination. |We had previously observed that a decrease in the phosphorylation of AQP2 at S261 is associated with a decrease in its poly-ubiquitination and an increase in its abundance" SIGNOR-264562 DIO3 protein P55073 UNIPROT 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12746313 t scontino "Human type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the conversion of T(4) to rT(3) and of T(3) to 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (T2) by inner-ring deiodination. Like types I and II iodothyronine deiodinases, D3 protein contains selenocysteine (SeC) in the highly conserved core catalytic center at amino acid position 144." SIGNOR-266942 BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32323266 t scontino "The tyrosine phosphorylation of the ITAM of CD79 promotes the activation of the non-SRC family tyrosine kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), which becomes a key part of a signalosome formed by many other kinases and adaptor proteins. The SYK which is recruited to the phosphorylated CD79- ITAM facilitates the complex formation of B-cell linker protein (BLNK), leading to activation of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK)." SIGNOR-268442 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1361 SYEEHIPyTHMNGGK -1 3166375 t lperfetto "This approach revealed that insulin stimulates autophosphorylation of the insulin-receptor beta-subunit in vitro on at least seven tyrosine residues distributed among three distinct domainsAt least two further tyrosine residues appeared to be phosphorylated after those in domains 2 and 3. These residues probably residue within a domain lying in close proximity to the inner face of the plasma membrane containing tyrosines 953, 960 and 972" SIGNOR-233560 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:29171 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270363 CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser243 TDSEVDSsCSGQPIH 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273128 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr128 SKAQQGLyQVPGPSP 9606 11019781 t lperfetto "Five tyrosine phosphorylation sites were identified in p130cas on tyr-128, tyr-249, tyr-306, tyr-327, and tyr-410. These tyrosine residues are all located in the substrate domain of p130cas that mediates binding to the sh2 domain of the adaptor molecule crk. Fgf-1-transduced fibroblasts demonstrated a > 10-fold increase in migration, an observation correlated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p125fak and p130cas." SIGNOR-82760 chlorpromazine chemical CHEBI:3647 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258370 MLH1 protein P40692 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 9500552 f "Germline mutations in the human MSH2, MLH1, PMS2 and PMS1 DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene homologues appear to be responsible for most cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer" SIGNOR-257595 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser328 QDAYRRNsVRFLQQR 9606 BTO:0000130 10559253 t esanto "Akt phosphorylates p47phox and mediates respiratory burst activity in human neutrophils. A direct interaction between p47(phox) and akt was shown. Active recombinant akt phosphorylated recombinant p47(phox) in vitro. Mutation analysis indicated that 2 aa residues, ser(304) and ser(328), were phosphorylated by akt. Inhibition of akt activity also inhibited fmlp-stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis." SIGNOR-72137 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252877 IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "5'-xanthylic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15652 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19480389 t miannu "IMPDH controls the gateway to guanine nucleotides, making it an ‚Äúenzyme of consequence‚Äù for virtually every organism. Humans and other mammals have two IMPDH genes, encoding hIMPDH1 and hIMPDH2. The IMPDH-catalyzed conversion of IMP to XMP is the first committed and rate-limiting step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. XMP is subsequently converted to GMP by the action of GMP synthetase (GMPS)." SIGNOR-267330 PI-103 chemical CHEBI:90524 ChEBI PIK3C2B protein O00750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206160 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr192 AGMGHDIyQVPPSMD 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246393 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser11 NDDIEVEsDEEQPRF 9606 8018564 t gcesareni "Max activity is affected by phosphorylation at two nh2-terminal sites, ser2 and ser11." SIGNOR-35768 ARID1A protein O14497 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269818 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp345 EEWEAQRdSHLGPHR -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261759 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10648597 f gcesareni "These novel insights provide a mechanistic explanation for the inhibitory role of shp in nuclear receptor signaling, and they may explain how shp functions as a negative coregulator or corepressor for ligand-activated receptors, a novel and unique function for an orphan nuclear receptor." SIGNOR-74291 GALR3 protein O60755 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256719 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT ITGA2B protein P08514 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17725493 f miannu "We and others have previously shown that RUNX1 and GATA-1 physically interact and cooperate in the activation of megakaryocytic promoters such as alpha IIb integrin and glycoprotein Ibalpha." SIGNOR-254192 NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0004094 15531507 f Regulation miannu "Nodal induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activin receptor-like kinase 7." SIGNOR-256656 Ub:HECT_E3 complex SIGNOR-C518 SIGNOR Protein_ubiquitination phenotype SIGNOR-PH214 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 34199813 f miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271382 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr404 SSMSTEQtLASDTDS 9606 11062067 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of thr-404 and ser-407 is not increased in response to other agonists that activate mkk7 and sapk1/jnk, suggesting that phosphorylation of these residues is catalysed by another protein kinase, such as ck2, which also phosphorylates thr-404 and ser-407 in vitro." SIGNOR-83715 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT ARAP1 protein Q96P48 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr231 PEFDDSDyDEVPEEG 9606 BTO:0000007 20554524 t miannu "ARAP1 associated with PTK6 in an EGF/EGF receptor (EGFR)-dependent manner. In addition, the SH2 domain of PTK6, particularly the Arg(105) residue that contacts the phosphate group of the tyrosine residue, was essential for the association. Moreover, PTK6 phosphorylated residue Tyr(231) in the N-terminal domain of ARAP1. Expression of ARAP1, but not of the Y231F mutant, inhibited the down-regulation of EGFR in HEK293 cells expressing PTK6. These results demonstrate that PTK6 enhances EGFR signaling by inhibition of EGFR down-regulation through phosphorylation of ARAP1 in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-263188 LYST protein Q99698 UNIPROT RAB5C protein P51148 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 7227 33725482 t lperfetto "Mauve interacts with Rab5, Msps, and gamma-tubulin|Mauve/LYST opposes Rab5, which promotes vesicle fusion affecting PCM recruitment" SIGNOR-266003 GUCA2B protein Q16661 UNIPROT GUCY2C protein P25092 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10845107 t gcesareni "Guanylins activate two receptors, gc-c and ok-gc, which are expressed in intestine and/or kidney." SIGNOR-78120 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT SLA protein Q13239 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr273 SFFSSPPyFED 9534 BTO:0001538 24284075 t miannu "Oncogenic c-Kit-D816V phosphorylates SLAP on residues Y120, Y258 and Y273. Mutation of the SLAP tyrosine phosphorylation sites rescues its activity" SIGNOR-263142 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20565746 f irozzo "These data support the proposed regulatory impact of particular PRC2-proteins in expression of HOXA9 and HOXA10 in NK/T-cells. In mammalian cells knockdown of PRC2 components EZH2 or PHF1 led to upregulated HOXA gene expression." SIGNOR-256126 GPR65 protein Q8IYL9 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27287411 t "GPR65 is playing a critical role in phagocytic cells that require high levels of V-ATPase activity to maintain phagosomal and lysosomal pH, and this activity aids in the direct clearance of enteric pathogens." SIGNOR-272502 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RAI14 protein Q9P0K7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr249 SQDADLKtPTKPKQH 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262760 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI "L-alanine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57972 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-268123 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 ATRGRGSsVGGGSRR 9606 BTO:0002552 19749799 t lperfetto "Pim1 phosphorylates and negatively regulates ask1-mediated apoptosispim1 phosphorylation of ask1 on ser83 inhibited ask1-mediated c-jun n-terminal kinase phosphorylation" SIGNOR-259410 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258261 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser164 STDTVEHsLDNKDGP -1 19531356 t llicata "nutrient-replete oocytes inhibit C2 via S135 phosphorylation catalyzed by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. We now show that C2 phosphorylated at S135 binds 14-3-3zeta, thus preventing C2 dephosphorylation. Moreover, we determined that S135 dephosphorylation is catalyzed by protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), which directly binds C2." SIGNOR-248564 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11062067 t fstefani "Mkk3, mkk4 and mkk6 all show a strong preference for phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue of the thr-gly-tyr motifs in their known substrates sapk2a/p38, sapk3/p38 gamma and sapk4/p38 delta. we therefore examined the phosphorylation of sapk2a/p38, sapk3/p38? And sapk4/p38? By mkk3, mkk4 and mkk6, which are all known to be capable of activating these enzymes in vitro." SIGNOR-83718 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15856019 t gcesareni "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13." SIGNOR-135846 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267418 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser649 PVLYMQPsPL 9606 12620228 t llicata "Erk-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription initiation factor tif-ia is required for rna polymerase i transcription and cell growth. phosphopeptide mapping and mutational analysis reveals two serine residues (s633 and s649) that are phosphorylated by erk and rsk kinases. Replacement of s649 by alanine inactivates tif-ia, inhibits pre-rrna synthesis, and retards cell growth." SIGNOR-98984 APOH protein P02749 UNIPROT cardiolipin smallmolecule CHEBI:28494 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 9596664 t lperfetto "The most relevant physiological role of beta2GPI is supposed to be the regulation of the function of anionic phospholipids like cardiolipin (CL). |Anticardiolipin antibodies or lupus anticoagulants are strongly associated with thrombosis. In these autoimmune diseases with anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, beta2GPI is a cofactor in the recognition of the phospholipid antigen, CL, by anti-CL antibodies." SIGNOR-266998 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr198 PGLRRRQt 10090 30033086 t Luana "P27Kip1-Mediated Cell Survival Is Dependent on AMPK-Specific Thr198 Phosphorylation|AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of p27Kip1 on Thr198 promotes p27Kip1 protein stability, resulting in more autophagy and less apoptosis." SIGNOR-259859 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser274 DPLPGPGsPSHSAPD 10116 BTO:0000951 15834132 t miannu "Here we show that GRASP65 is phosphorylated on serine 277 in interphase cells, and this is strongly enhanced in response to the addition of serum or epidermal growth factor. This is directly mediated by ERK suggesting that GRASP65 has some role in growth factor signal transduction. Phosphorylation of Ser-277 is also dramatically increased during mitosis, however this is mediated by Cdk1 and not by ERK. These results argue against Ser-277 phosphorylation alone causing the dissolution of GRASP65 oligomers and cisternal unstacking, although it may make a significant contribution to these events." SIGNOR-262840 REEP5 protein Q00765 UNIPROT CXCR1 protein P25024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27966653 t miannu "In this study, we found that CXCR1 interacted with REEP5 and REEP6, but CXCR2 did not. Overexpression of REEP5 and REEP6 enhanced IL-8-stimulated cellular responses through CXCR1, whereas depletion of the proteins led to the downregulation of the responses." SIGNOR-261366 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Gln-tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29166 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269530 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT KARS1 protein Q15046 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser207 PYEITLLsPCLHMLP 9606 19524539 t gcesareni "Lysrs serves as a key signaling molecule in the immune response by regulating gene expression. Lysrs was phosphorylated on serine 207 in a mapk-dependent manner, released from the multisynthetase complex, and translocated into the nucleus." SIGNOR-186125 TNFRSF21 protein O75509 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 32454942 f miannu "Further, data from our laboratories indicate that selective agonism of TNFR2 rescues neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death [160] and excitotoxic cell death [161, 162]. Similarly, TNFR2 activation induces expression of antiapoptotic and detoxifying proteins and protects OPCs against oxidative stress." SIGNOR-263830 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPU protein Q71F23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser77 TFDPPLHsTAIYADE 9606 17081991 t lperfetto "S77 and t78 of pbip1 are important for plk1-dependent pbip1 phosphorylation and degradation. Here, we demonstrate that a pbd-binding protein, pbip1, is crucial for recruiting plk1 to the interphase and mitotic kinetochores. Unprecedentedly, plk1 phosphorylated pbip1 at t78. Later in mitosis, plk1 also induced pbip1 degradation in a t78-dependent manner, thereby enabling itself to interact with other components critical for proper kinetochore functions" SIGNOR-150453 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr321 LGQRIYQyIQSRFYR 9606 BTO:0000298 11672423 t lperfetto "Direct identification of phosphorylated residues by tandem ms confirmed that tyr-321, but not tyr-319, was phosphorylated. When expressed in cos-7 cells, dyrk1a was found to be fully phosphorylated on tyr-321. A catalytically inactive mutant of dyrk1a contained no detectable phosphotyrosine, indicating that tyr-321 is autophosphorylated by dyrk1a." SIGNOR-111145 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT SCO2 protein O43819 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "P53 regulates basal expression of AIF and SCO2 and facilitates oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, and HK2 is negatively regulated by p53, whereas TIGAR expression is induced by p53. The net result of p53-mediated regulation of these glycolytic enzymes is the suppression of glycolysis. In addition, p53 directly binds and inhibits G6PD activity and downregulates the pentose phosphate pathway." SIGNOR-267463 HEY2 protein Q9UBP5 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16682003 t "The NotchIC-RBP-Jkappa complex activates target genes, such as those encoding the Hrt and Hes families. The interaction did not interfere with the formation or DNA-binding of the NotchIC-RBP-Jkappa complex, indicating direct inhibition by Hrt and Hes as co-repressors." gcesareni "Here we show that hrt2 and hes1 interact with rbp-jkappa to negatively regulate notch-dependent activation of hrt and hes expression." SIGNOR-146690 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TPX2 protein Q9ULW0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr72 NLQQAIVtPLKPVDN -1 25688093 t lperfetto "In this study, we characterize the phosphorylation of threonine 72 (Thr(72)) in human TPX2, a residue highly conserved across species. We find that Cdk1/2 phosphorylate TPX2 in vitro and in vivo. |Endogenous TPX2 phosphorylated at Thr(72) does not associate with the mitotic spindle. Furthermore, ectopic GFP-TPX2 T72A preferentially concentrates on the spindle" SIGNOR-265096 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT MRC1 protein P22897 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20508200 f lperfetto "Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it induces the expression of its target genes, including markers (Arg1, Chi3l3, Mrc1, Mgl1, and Retnla) and regulators (Pparalpha, Ppargamma and PGC-1?) of alternative activation." SIGNOR-249535 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18621737 t gcesareni "A traf2 trimer interacts with one ciap2 both in the crystal and in solution through its death domain and amino-terminal region, tradd recruits rip1 (receptor-interacting protein), traf2, and through its interaction with traf2, c-iap1 and c-iap2 (13). Traf2 recruit ciap1 and ciap2. A traf2 trimer interacts with one ciap2 both in the crystal and in solution." SIGNOR-179452 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser203 MSWNSDAsTSEAS 9606 21978935 t lperfetto "Here, we report that aur-a phosphorylates s203 of the fas associated with death domain protein (fadd)phosphorylation of s203 by aur-a serves to prime fadd for plk1-mediated phosphorylation at s194" SIGNOR-176739 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr12 FSSRSSKtFKPKKNI 9606 21808241 t "MOB1a and MOB1b are near identical to each other with protein sequence homology>90%, and more importantly, both of them are putative tumor suppressors." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-175829 CDK11B protein P21127 UNIPROT EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr119 GAARVIGtLLGTVDK 19245811 t lperfetto "Here, we identified a second eIF3f phosphorylation site (Thr119) by CDK11(p46) during apoptosis. We demonstrated that eIF3f is directly phosphorylated by CDK11(p46) in vivo. Phosphorylation of eIF3f plays an important role in regulating its function in translation and apoptosis. Phosphorylation of eIF3f enhances the association of eIF3f with the core eIF3 subunits during apoptosis. " SIGNOR-273131 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT PAX8 protein Q06710 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14623893 t miannu "DNA Binding Activity of Pax8 to the NIS Promoter Is Reduced by Smad3. TGF-β decreases Pax8 DNA binding to the NIS promoter and also found a physical interaction between Pax8 and Smad3." SIGNOR-251993 NLGN4X protein Q8N0W4 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein P58401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264160 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO_0000725 9151714 t Barakat "In summary, we demonstrate here that Y315 in ZAP-70 is required to interact with the Vav SH2 domain, and is critical for ZAP-70–mediated gene activation." SIGNOR-274150 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT CARHSP1 protein Q9Y2V2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser32 RSRERSPsPLRGNVV 9606 BTO:0000671 15910284 t lperfetto "Dyrk2 (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and -regulated protein kinase 2) phosphorylated crhsp24 at ser30, ser32 and ser41 in vitro, and ser41 was identified as a site phosphorylated in cells." SIGNOR-137478 NFE2 protein Q16621 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000426 16287851 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "NF-E2 is a transcription activator for the regulation of a number of erythroid- and megakaryocytic lineage-specific genes. Here we present evidence that the large subunit of mammalian NF-E2, p45, is sumoylated in vivo in human erythroid K562 cells. we demonstrated by stable transfection assay that only the wild-type p45, but not its mutant form p45 (K368R), could efficiently rescue β-globin gene expression in the p45-null, erythroid cell line CB3. These data together point to a model of mammalian β-like globin gene activation by sumoylated p45/NF-E2 in erythroid cells." SIGNOR-251839 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 ATPAARAsKKILLPE 9606 BTO:0000007 11042191 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of GRK2 by protein kinase C abolishes its inhibition by calmodulin. In vitro, GRK2 was preferentially phosphorylated by PKC isoforms alpha, gamma, and delta. Two-dimensional peptide mapping of PKCalpha-phosphorylated GRK2 showed a single site of phosphorylation, which was identified as serine 29 by HPLC-MS. A S29A mutant of GRK2 was not phosphorylated by PKC in vitro and showed no phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation when transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells." SIGNOR-249059 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT SIK1 protein P57059 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr182 KSGEPLStWCGSPPY 9606 14976552 t lperfetto "Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1we recently demonstrated that the lkb1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase strad and the scaffolding protein mo25, phosphorylates and activates amp-activated protein kinase (ampk). A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold" SIGNOR-122784 DUSP2 protein Q05923 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 8626452 t gcesareni "We show that the in vivo substrate specificities of individual phosphatases are unique. Pac1, mkp-2, and mkp-1 recognize erk and p38, erk and jnk, and erk, p38, and jnk, respectively" SIGNOR-40918 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SCNN1B protein P51168 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr615 QALPIPGtPPPNYDS -1 11805112 t lperfetto "Using a number of different approaches it was demonstrated that the protein kinase acting on betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 is the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). It is suggested that an ERK-mediated phosphorylation of betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 down-regulates the channel by facilitating its interaction with Nedd4." SIGNOR-249446 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 f gcesareni "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein)coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin." SIGNOR-252716 5-[(Z)-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-2,4-dimethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide chemical CID:73755145 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259809 HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257088 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2L5 protein A0A1B0GUS4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271331 NPFF protein O15130 UNIPROT NPFFR2 protein Q9Y5X5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11024015 t gcesareni "Npff specifically bound to npff1 (k(d) = 1.13 nm) and npff2 (k(d) = 0.37 nm), and both receptors were activated by npff in a variety of heterologous expression systems" SIGNOR-82961 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IFNGR2 protein P38484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19041276 t lperfetto "The activation of this signaling pathway involves the binding of IFN-g to two IFN-g receptor (IFN-gR) subunits, made up of respective IFNgR1:IFNgR2 pairs, which dimerize upon IFN-g binding to form the IFN-gR complex. Two JAKs, JAK1and JAK2,which bind to each IFN-gR subunits, respectively through their N-terminal domains, both become activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in a JAK2-dependent process." SIGNOR-249491 palmitoyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57379 ChEBI O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17490 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-268107 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 18620382 t Luana "Pyrimidine 13 showed good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity was also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50’s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-257736 MEGF10 protein Q96KG7 UNIPROT ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17205124 t miannu "ABCA1 and MEGF10 interact during engulfment. MEGF10 function can be modulated by the ATP binding cassette transporter ABCA1, ortholog to CED-7. by the combined use of cellular and biochemical approaches we provide evidence that ABCA1 and MEGF10 interact at the molecular level." SIGNOR-265165 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 12351649 t miannu "The RING finger motifs of DIP-1 have E3 ligase activity that can auto-ubiquitinate DIP-1 in vitro. In vivo, DIP-1 is detected as a polyubiquitinated protein, suggesting that the intracellular levels of DIP-1 are regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. " SIGNOR-272603 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 14960576 t amattioni "Ciap1 and ciap2 undergo autoubiquitination and degradation upon binding to the iap antagonist second mitochondrial activator of caspases (smac)/direct iap-binding protein with low pi (diablo), which is released from the mitochondria." SIGNOR-121880 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004245 10783894 t gcesareni "AFX transcriptionally activates p27kip1, resulting in increased protein levels." SIGNOR-238610 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243157 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GRIN1 protein Q05586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser890 ITSTLASsFKRRRSS 10116 BTO:0000938 15936117 t miannu "Serines 890 and 896 of the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 are differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase C isoforms. The results show that PKC alpha phosphorylates preferentially S896 and PKC gamma preferentially S890." SIGNOR-263176 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20820849 t gcesareni "Smads can also be phosphorylated in the linker region most prominently by the action of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinaseslinker region phosphorylation can prevent nuclear translocation of smads and inhibit tgf-_ signalling, potentially leading to oncogenesis." SIGNOR-167848 SLC4A8 protein Q2Y0W8 UNIPROT hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "Slc4a10 is a Na+-coupled Cl−-HCO3− exchanger, which is expressed in principal and inhibitory neurons as well as in choroid plexus epithelial cells of the brain. In neurons, bicarbonate transport is mainly mediated by members of the SLC4A family of proteins. While the Na+-independent anion-exchanger SLC4A3 lowers the intraneuronal bicarbonate concentration, the Na+-dependent anion exchangers SLC4A8 (NDCBE) and SLC4A10 (NCBE) use the sodium gradient to accumulate bicarbonate in exchange of chloride" SIGNOR-264918 ZBTB47 protein Q9UFB7 UNIPROT CBFA2T3/ZNF651 complex SIGNOR-C197 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20116376 t "Previously we reported that a classical C2H2 zinc finger DNA binding protein ZNF652 functionally interacts with CBFA2T3 to repress transcription of genes containing ZNF652 consensus DNA binding sequence within the promoters of these target genes. Here we show that ZNF651 is a ZNF652 paralogue that shares a common DNA binding sequence with ZNF652 and represses target gene expression through the formation of a CBFA2T3-ZNF651 corepressor complex." SIGNOR-253957 "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257719 1-(4-((6,7-Dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-(1-(thiazol-2-yl)ethyl)urea chemical CID:9869779 PUBCHEM CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259750 MYT1 protein Q01538 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005949 30312684 t miannu "Myt1 and Myt1l transcription factors limit proliferation in GBM cells by repressing YAP1 expression. Examination of the gene expression changes in cells expressing Myt1 or Myt1l suggests that both repress expression of the YAP1 transcriptional coactivator, which functions primarily in the Hippo signaling pathway. Expression of YAP1 and its target genes is reduced in Myt-expressing cells, and there is an inverse correlation between YAP1 and MYT1/MYT1L expression in human brain cancer datasets. Together, our data suggest that Myt1 and Myt1l directly repress expression of YAP1, a protein which promotes proliferation and GBM growth." SIGNOR-266777 IL23R protein Q5VWK5 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 12023369 t gcesareni "Il-23 activates the same jak-stat signaling molecules as il-12: jak2, tyk2, and stat1, -3, -4, and -5, but stat4 activation is substantially weaker and different dna-binding stat complexes form in response to il-23 compared with il-12." SIGNOR-87808 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser567 VLSDNDRsLLERWTR 9606 BTO:0000567 20667468 t miannu "Activated ERK5 undergoes autophosphorylation on its C-terminal half, necessary for maximal activation of ERK5 transcriptional activation. The Ser731 and Thr733 sites were previously shown to be ERK5 autophosphorylation sites in vitro and also in ERK5-overexpressing cells.Our data coincide with a recent study examining whole protein phosphorylation in HeLa cells arrested in G1 and mitotic phases [37] reported that Ser731 and Thr733, as well as Ser720, are phosphorylated in ERK5 during mitosis. We also identified two unreported ERK5 phosphorylation sites, Ser567 and Ser803." SIGNOR-259823 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NDRG1 protein Q92597 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser330 LMRSRTAsGSSVTSL 9606 20416281 t llicata "Ndrg1/cap43 is phosphorylated at serine/threonine sites in its c-terminal domain by serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (sgk1). we further introduced mutations at the serine and threonine sites at 328 [t328a], 330 [s330a] and 346 [t346a], which are susceptible to phosphorylation by sgk1, and also constructed double mutants [t328a, s330a], [t328a, t346a] and [s330a, t346a]. Expression of all these mutants, with the exception of [s330a, t346a], suppressed the production of cxc chemokine to similar levels as their wild-type counterpart." SIGNOR-164898 BNIP3 protein Q12983 UNIPROT RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17928295 t gcesareni "Bnip3, a hypoxia-inducible bcl-2 homology 3 domain-containing protein, directly binds rheb and inhibits the mtor pathway. Bnip3 decreases rheb gtp levels in a manner depending on the binding to rheb." SIGNOR-158274 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 BTO:0000590 12226093 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping revealed enhanced phosphorylation of ser(202)/thr(205) residues by p25-cdk5 considering the fact that phosphorylation of ser(202)/thr(205) antagonizes the tau-mediated nucleation of tubulin, p25-cdk5 may play a pivotal role in neuronal cell death in alzheimer's disease." SIGNOR-92607 TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18852287 t "Association of c-Jun, β-catenin, and TCF4 specifically with the downstream enhancer underlies mitogen stimulation of c-Myc transcription." SIGNOR-253324 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 HMAEVNAsPLKHFVT 9606 22748923 t lperfetto "Jnk phosphorylation of mitofusin 2 in response to cellular stress leads to recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase (e3) huwe1/mule/arf-bp1/hecth9/e3histone/lasu1 to mitofusin 2, with the bh3 domain of huwe1 implicated in this interaction. This results in ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of mitofusin 2these data establish that mfn2 is phosphorylated on ser27 in response to a variety of cellular stresses and implicate jnk in this process" SIGNOR-198054 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 15611135 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that ptpl1, like ptp1b, interacts with and dephosphorylates a bis-phosphorylated insulin receptor peptide more efficiently than monophosphorylated peptides, indicating that ptpl1 may down-regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, by dephosphorylating insulin or growth factor receptors that contain tandem phosphotyrosines." SIGNOR-132551 MT-ND3 protein P03897 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262145 IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 24737791 t milica "The signaling mechanism utilizes an adaptor protein, shc, which binds to a phosphotyrosine residue on the il-2/15r?, Resulting in activation of grb2 and onto akt via the shc-grb2-gab2-pi3k-akt signaling pathway to increase cell proliferation and/or survival" SIGNOR-204975 olodaterol chemical CHEBI:82700 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 20371707 t Luana "In vitro, olodaterol showed a potent, nearly full agonistic response at the hbeta(2)-AR (EC(50) = 0.1 nM; intrinsic activity = 88% compared with isoprenaline) and a significant selectivity profile (241- and 2299-fold [corrected] against the hbeta(1)- and hbeta(3)-ARs, respectively). " SIGNOR-257834 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT ITGB5 protein P18084 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser759 REFAKFQsERSRARY 9606 20507994 t llicata "Pak4 specifically phosphorylated the integrin beta5 subunit at ser-759 and ser-762 within the beta5-sers-motif. Point mutation of these two serine residues abolished the pak4-induced cell migration, indicating a functional role for these phosphorylations in migration." SIGNOR-165702 ITGAM protein P11215 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12393465 f apalma "CD11b, another marker for differentiation, was also less expressed in patients with t(8;21) in comparison to patients without t(8;21)" SIGNOR-255662 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT VCL protein P18206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1133 WVRKTPWyQ 9534 15229287 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of vinculin on tyrosine residues 100 and 1065, mediated by SRC kinases, affects cell spreadingWhen phosphorylated, the vinculin tail exhibited significantly less binding to the vinculin head domain than the unphosphorylated tail." SIGNOR-247428 YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001023 17072343 f miannu "YB-1 knockdown by siRNA upregulated 344 genes, including MDR1, thymidylate synthetase, S100 calcium binding protein and cyclin B, and downregulated 534 genes, including CXCR4, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, E-cadherin and phospholipase C." SIGNOR-255610 CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001073 23504413 f lperfetto "CRH, as a principal mediator of endocrine stress response, activates the HPA axis (Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis) by binding to the CRHR1 in the anterior pituitary. This, through a cascade of reactions, increases the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and the subsequent release of POMC-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin. ACTH, in turn, stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex (Vale et al. 1981)." SIGNOR-268613 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AW protein Q7L7L0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265409 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 EEKERTFsFCGTIEY 9606 BTO:0000567 10806207 t llicata "Rskb, a 90-kda ribosomal s6 protein kinase family (rsk) member with two complete catalytic domains connected by a linker, is activated through p38- and erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases. unlike other rsks, the activation loop phosphorylation sites of both catalytic domains of rskb, ser(196) and thr(568), were required for activity. Rskb activation depended on phosphorylation of linker ser(343) and ser(360) and associated with phosphorylation of nonconserved ser(347), but ser(347)-deficient rskb retained partial activity." SIGNOR-77204 PDK2 protein Q15119 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser232 NRYGMGTsVERAAAS -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109559 linifanib chemical CHEBI:91435 ChEBI CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258241 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT ALPL protein P05186 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004473 19049325 f miannu "FGF2 increases PC-1 and Ank expression while inhibiting Tnap expression in primary pre-osteoblast cells. Additionally, we show that the induction of PC-1 by FGF2 is cell type specific and mediated by the transcription factor, Runx2." SIGNOR-252194 VIPAS39 protein Q9H9C1 UNIPROT "CHEVI complex" complex SIGNOR-C269 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29778605 t lperfetto "It has been recently suggested that VPS33B and VIPAR comprise two subunits of a novel multi-subunit tethering complex (named ""CHEVI"")" SIGNOR-261831 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr261 QYGLKMKtSRAFFSE 9606 BTO:0000150 18283314 t llicata "We found that pak1 phosphorylated ebp1 in vitro and mapped the phosphorylation site to threonine 261. these studies demonstrate for the first time that ebp1 is a substrate of pak1 and the importance of the pak1 phosphorylation site for the functional activity of ebp1 in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-160963 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15861399 f miannu "AR homodimers recruit a panoply of factors including coactivators and mediator proteins whose enzymatic activities promote chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation of target genes leading to cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation" SIGNOR-251539 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT CEMIP2 protein Q9UHN6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271533 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT AQP4 protein P55087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 EKKGKDQsGEVLSSV 9615 11742978 t llicata "We found that the stress-induced kinase casein kinase (CK)II phosphorylates the Ser276 immediately preceding the tyrosine motif, increasing AQP4-mu 3A interaction and enhancing AQP4-lysosomal targeting and degradation. | To determine whether Ser276 is an actual CKII substrate, we used GST–AQP4‐Cter proteins in which only one out of the three C‐terminal CKII consensus sites was sequentially conserved (Ser276, Ser285 and Ser315, respectively). Figure 7B (right panel) shows that the three serine residues, including Ser276, were indeed efficiently phosphorylated by CKII." SIGNOR-250976 SIRT3 protein Q9NTG7 UNIPROT CYP11A1 protein P05108 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deacetylation Lys148 LKKSAAWkKDRVALN 9606 BTO:0002588 22585829 t lperfetto "Resveratrol stimulates cortisol biosynthesis by activating SIRT-dependent deacetylation of P450scc.|Stable overexpression of SIRT3 abrogates the cellular content of acetylated P450scc, concomitant with an increase in P450scc protein expression and cortisol secretion. Mutation of K148 and K149 to alanine stabilizes the expression of P450scc and results in a 1.5-fold increase in pregnenolone biosynthesis." SIGNOR-268717 GABRB1 protein P18505 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263751 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM69 protein Q86WT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271188 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT TNFSF10 protein P50591 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19637194 f irozzo "FBP1 down-regulates cell cycle inhibitors and proapoptotic genes. Interestingly, we also observed the up-regulation of proapoptotic genes following FBP1 knockdown in Hep3B cells. In addition, mRNA levels of the death ligands tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were significantly increased." SIGNOR-259129 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1654 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248771 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI OXER1 protein Q8TDS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268776 TOMM70 protein O94826 UNIPROT "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18331822 t lperfetto "The fungal preprotein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex) comprises import receptors Tom70, Tom20, and Tom22, import channel Tom40, and small Tom proteins Tom5, Tom6, and Tom7, which regulate TOM complex assembly. These components are conserved in mammals; unlike the other components, however, Tom5 and Tom6 remain unidentified in mammals. We immuno-isolated the TOM complex from HeLa cells expressing hTom22-FLAG and identified the human counterparts of Tom5 and Tom6, together with the other components including Tom7. These small Tom proteins are associated with Tom40 in the TOM complex." SIGNOR-267677 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT RRM1 protein P23921 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253852 FZD6 protein O60353 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22944199 t amattioni "When canonical wnts bind to their respective fzd receptors, heterotrimeric g-proteins and dsh get activated and lead to the recruitment of axin to the fzd co-receptor lrp." SIGNOR-198828 7-[4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1,8-naphthyridin-2-one chemical CID:56593482 PUBCHEM DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22025698 t Luana "Through a robust diversity-oriented modification of the scaffold represented by aripiprazole (1), we discovered UNC9975 (2), UNC0006 (3), and UNC9994 (4) as unprecedented β-arrestin–biased D2R ligands. " SIGNOR-258321 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr654 RNEGVATyAAAVLFR 9606 BTO:0001271 17318191 t lperfetto "Bcr-abl stabilizes beta-catenin in chronic myeloid leukemia through its tyrosine phosphorylationthe notion that y86 and y654 are located respectively within the n_ and c_terminal transcriptional domains of __catenin suggests that one or both residues might regulate the transactivating function of __catenin. In this regard, phosphorylation of y654 was reported to strengthen __catenin association with the basal transcription factor tata_binding protein (tbp)" SIGNOR-153431 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11494141 f miannu "Defects in PTEN, a tumor suppressor, have been found in cancers arising in a variety of human tissues. To elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of this gene, we have been analysing expression profiles of cancer cells after introduction of exogenous PTEN. Those experiments identified 99 candidate genes that were transcriptionally transactivated. Among them, we report here the further analyses of eight genes, EGR2/Krox-20, BPOZ, APS, HCLS1/HS1, DUSP1/MKP1, NDRG1/Drg1/RTP, NFIL3/E4BP4, and a novel gene (PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase)." SIGNOR-260056 TBCK protein Q8TEA7 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23977024 f miannu "Depletion of TBCK significantly inhibits cell proliferation, reduces cell size, and disrupts the organization of actin, but not microtubule." SIGNOR-266700 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT SNTA1 protein Q13424 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser201 PLQRQPSsPGPTPRN 9606 BTO:0001103 10212242 t lperfetto "Sapk3 phosphorylates alpha1-syntrophin at serine residues 193 and 201 in vitro and phosphorylation is dependent on binding to the pdz domain of alpha1-syntrophin. The finding that sapk3 co-localizes with _1-syntrophin in skeletal muscle, that it binds to the pdz domain of _1-syntrophin, and that phosphorylation of _1-syntrophin depends on this interaction identifies a novel mechanism for targeting a protein kinase to its substrates." SIGNOR-67065 UBE2J1 protein Q9Y385 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001379 29892818 t "inferred from family member" scontino "ER residency places D2 physically close to an array of proteins that interact and modify the D2 molecule via ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasomal system, explaining its relatively short half-life. Both ubiquitin conjugases UBC6 and or UBC7 interact with D2 and support D2 ubiquitination. Two Lys residues in D2 are involved in this process, K237 and K244." SIGNOR-270242 CDK19 protein Q9BWU1 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr2511 VPEHPFLtPSPESPD -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273137 CREBL2 protein O60519 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 21728997 f Luana "Accordingly, the results of QPCR and immunoblot analysis showed that during adipogenesis, both the mRNA (Figures 4D and 4E) and protein (Figure 4F) levels of PPARγ , as well as C/EBPα, in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes transfected with either siCREBL2-1 or siCREBL2-2 were significantly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05), suggesting that knockdown of CREBL2 protein suppress 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation via inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα expression." SIGNOR-261573 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr5 tPRKTAAT -1 9139732 t llicata "In summary, we have shown evidence that CDK4-cyclin D1 phosphorylates Thr5, Ser249, Thr252, Thr356, Thr373, Ser788, Ser795, Ser807, Ser811, and Thr826 of pRB." SIGNOR-250762 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 11175253 t "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" amattioni "Allosteric activation of bak induces its intramembranous oligomerization into a proposed pore for cytochrome c efflux" SIGNOR-105206 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA1 protein P21709 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9576626 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a1 binds and activates the tyrosine kinase activity of eph-a2, and has a dissociation constant of 20_30 nm. ephrin-a1 interacts with all the other epha subclass receptors as well, although with different affinity" SIGNOR-56898 TAB3 protein Q8N5C8 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14670075 t lperfetto "We have identified a new binding partner of the tgfbeta (transforming growth factor-beta)-activated protein kinase (tak1), termed tab.two distinct tak1 complexes are present in cells. One comprises tak1 complexed with tab1 and tab2, and the other tak1 complexed with tab1 and tab3 (tak1-binding protein-3). Both complexes are activated in response to tumour necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1." SIGNOR-120325 EIF1AY protein O14602 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 12514125 t lperfetto "Translation initiation factor 1A (eIF1A) is predicted to bind in the decoding site of the 40S ribosome and has been implicated in recruitment of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNA i Met ternary complex (TC) and ribosomal scanning. " SIGNOR-269148 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257628 TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR TIRAP protein P58753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20404851 t lperfetto "These differences are explained by the discovery of TIR domain’containing adaptor molecules, including MyD88, TIRAP (Mal), TRIF and TRAM, which are recruited by distinct TLRs and activate distinct signaling pathways" SIGNOR-216298 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser197 APRRRAAsMDSSSKL 10090 BTO:0004245 10217147 t "Here we show that protein kinase B phosphorylates AFX, a human orthologue of daf -16 (refs 5, 6, 9), both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-251477 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser872 HQRCLAHsLVGTPNY 9606 23431053 t milica "MST1/2 directly phosphorylate Lats1/2 at the hydrophobic motif (Lats1 T1079 and Lats2 T1041), and this phosphorylation is required for Lats1/2 activation" SIGNOR-201274 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 t apalma "Once phosphorylated, Akt can act on a broad spectrum of substrates that can influence cell survival and proliferation and protein synthesis (65). Phosphorylation of mTOR by Akt leads to mTOR activation (40, 52) and the subsequent activation of p70S6K" SIGNOR-255107 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273147 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253186 "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257727 WASHC3 protein Q9Y3C0 UNIPROT "WASH complex" complex SIGNOR-C258 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23721880 t lperfetto "The WASH complex is composed of five proteins: KIAA1033 (also known as SWIP), Strumpellin, FAM21, WASH1 and CCDC53." SIGNOR-261017 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 12747827 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a functional TOS motif is required for 4E-BP1 to bind to raptor (a recently identified mTOR-interacting protein), for 4E-BP1 to be efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by themTOR/raptor complex, and for 4E-BP1 to be phosphorylated in vivo at all identified mTOR-regulated sites. mTOR/raptor regulated phosphorylation is necessary for 4E-BP’s efficient release from the translational initiation factor eIF4E. We find that the TOS motif is absolutely required for efficient phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at all the identified mTOR-regulated sites, namely, Thr37/46, Ser65, and Thr70 in vivo." SIGNOR-101127 methiothepin chemical CHEBI:64203 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258687 TOMM6 protein Q96B49 UNIPROT "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18331822 t lperfetto "The fungal preprotein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex) comprises import receptors Tom70, Tom20, and Tom22, import channel Tom40, and small Tom proteins Tom5, Tom6, and Tom7, which regulate TOM complex assembly. These components are conserved in mammals; unlike the other components, however, Tom5 and Tom6 remain unidentified in mammals. We immuno-isolated the TOM complex from HeLa cells expressing hTom22-FLAG and identified the human counterparts of Tom5 and Tom6, together with the other components including Tom7. These small Tom proteins are associated with Tom40 in the TOM complex." SIGNOR-267676 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268712 INTS11 protein Q5TA45 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261462 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2J2 protein Q8N2K1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271373 MSH2 protein P43246 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 9500552 f "Germline mutations in the human MSH2, MLH1, PMS2 and PMS1 DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene homologues appear to be responsible for most cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer" SIGNOR-257594 NAT8L protein Q8N9F0 UNIPROT N-acetyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16953 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19524112 t miannu "The biosynthetic enzyme, aspartate-N-acetyltransferase (Asp-NAT; EC 2.3.1.17) is a CNS specific enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetate from acetyl-CoA to L-aspartate forming NAA." SIGNOR-267523 EIF3E protein P60228 UNIPROT PLAU protein P00749 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "translation regulation" 9606 "BTO:0000815; BTO:0001938" 20453879 f irozzo "Validated mRNA targets regulated positively at the translational level by eIF3e included urokinase-type plasminogen activator and apoptotic regulator BCL-XL, whereas synthesis of proteins including the mitotic checkpoint component MAD2L1 was negatively regulated. Taken together, our study data suggest that eIF3e has a positive role in breast cancer progression." SIGNOR-259155 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT SLC12A1 protein Q13621 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser91 ASFHAYDsHTNTYYL 9606 BTO:0000007 21321328 t miannu "We establish that the SPAK and OSR1 kinases activated by WNK interact with an RFQV motif on NKCC2 and directly phosphorylate Thr95, Thr100, Thr105 and, possibly, Ser91. Our data indicate that a SPAK-OSR1-independent kinase, perhaps AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylates Ser130 and that phosphorylation of Thr105 and Ser130 plays the most important roles in stimulating NKCC2 activity." SIGNOR-263130 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr939 QICKGMEyLGSRRCV 9606 18250158 t lperfetto "Y904 and y939 are required for optimal jak3 autophosphorylation and kinase activity in vitro" SIGNOR-160668 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr256 SQMKSMStFIEEAYK 9606 BTO:0000567 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265229 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271061 NEUROD1 protein Q13562 UNIPROT MGAT5B protein Q3V5L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001976 21771782 f miannu "By EMSA and ChIP analyses we identified two regulatory proteins, NeuroD1 and CTCF that bind to and activate the GnT-IX promoter. We also revealed that GnT-IX expression was suppressed in CTCF- and NeuroD1-depleted cells, indicating that a NeuroD1- and CTCF-dependent epigenetic mechanism governs brain-specific GnT-IX expression." SIGNOR-253825 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT SMAD5/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C205 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 "BTO:0000165;BTO:0002974; BTO:0002809" 9442019 t ggiuliani "These data suggest that activation of Smad5 and subsequent Smad5-DPC4 complex formation are key steps in the BMP signaling pathway, which mediates BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation of the C2C12 mesenchymal cells." SIGNOR-255775 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 PQVLAQPsTSRKRPR 9606 BTO:0002201 12855706 t lperfetto "Chk2 is also autophosphorylated following dna damage. It is proposed that autophosphorylation of chk2 may contribute to chk2 activation. To fully understand the regulation of chk2, we mapped an in vitro chk2 autophosphorylation site at c-terminal serine 516 site (ser-516). Ser-516 of chk2 is phosphorylated following radiation in vivo, and this phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of chk2." SIGNOR-103544 BCL9 protein O00512 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 11955446 t amattioni "Bcl9 exert its function by physically linking pygo to beta-catenin. The recruitment of pygo permits beta-catenin to transcriptionally activate wnt target genes." SIGNOR-116552 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 23721961 f miannu "Insulin decreases ApoB secretion by promoting ApoB degradation in the hepatocyte. Though insulin does not alter ApoB mRNA levels, it inhibits ApoB translation by promoting the trafficking of ApoB mRNA into P-bodies, aggregates of translationally repressed mRNAs" SIGNOR-252114 MSH2 protein P43246 UNIPROT MSH2/MSH6 complex SIGNOR-C60 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15064730 t miannu "The human msh2/6 complex is essential for mismatch recognition during the repair of replication errors." SIGNOR-123702 EED protein O75530 UNIPROT SUZ12/EED complex SIGNOR-C76 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16712789 t miannu "Suz12 is a polycomb group protein that forms polycomb repressive complexes (prc2/3) together with eed and histone methyltransferase ezh2." SIGNOR-146755 miR221 mirna URS0000245997_9606 RNAcentral ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" destabilization 10090 26762731 t "We identified miR-143 as a regulator of the insulin growth factor-binding protein 5 (Igfbp5) in primary myoblasts and show that the expression of miR-143 and its target gene is disrupted in satellite cells from old mice." SIGNOR-255939 ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15311212 f miannu "known E-cadherin transcriptional repressors, such as SLUG (SNAI2), SIP1 (ZEB2), TWIST1, SNAIL (SNAI1) and ZEB1 (TCF8), but not E12/E47 (TCF3), had a lack of upregulation in cells expressing mutated E-cadherin compared to WT." SIGNOR-255158 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser173 MLETLSQsPPKGVTI 10090 BTO:0000664 17475908 t miannu "All together, these data indicate that ERK-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at serines 173, 189, and 272, and threonine 213 is responsible for increased hnRNP-E2 protein stability in BCR/ABL-transformed cells." SIGNOR-262668 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2Q2 protein Q8WVN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271329 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0001311 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258554 GRHL2 protein Q6ISB3 UNIPROT ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 23814079 f miannu "we could further demonstrate that expression of GRHL2 is directly suppressed by the transcription factor zinc finger enhancer-binding protein 1 (ZEB1), which in turn is a direct target for repression by GRHL2, suggesting that the EMT transcription factors GRHL2 and ZEB1 form a double negative regulatory feedback loop in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-255624 DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 21419176 t gcesareni "Moreover, the interaction of DLK1 with NOTCH1 caused an inhibition of basal NOTCH signaling in preadipocytes and mesenchymal multipotent cells. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, that DLK2 interacts with itself, with DLK1, and with the same NOTCH1 receptor region as DLK1 does. We demonstrate also that the interaction of DLK2 with NOTCH1 similarly results in an inhibition of NOTCH signaling in preadipocytes and Mouse Embryo fibloblasts." SIGNOR-172830 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser444 QRKSQRSsYVSMRID -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). The 1 IC-loop does not have consensus sequences for PKG, but we found that this enzyme phosphorylated the same sites as PKA: S422, S423 (Fig. 5A).An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262757 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT FHL1 protein Q13642 UNIPROT down-regulates sumoylation Lys300 PRGPGLVkAPVWWPM 9606 17509614 t gcesareni "Pias1 (the protein inhibitor of activated stat1) interacts with kyot2 directly and attenuates kyot2-mediated transcriptional repression. We demonstrate that kyot2 is modified by sumoylation at two lysine residues, k144 and k171. Sumoylation of the transfected kyot2 is enhanced by pias1" SIGNOR-154805 RNF34 protein Q969K3 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 26971449 t lperfetto "We then examined the effect of necdin on ubiquitin-dependent degradation of PGC-1α using Rnf34, a PGC-1α E3 ubiquitin ligase22. Rnf34 reduced the PGC-1α level, and necdin completely inhibited the reduction (Fig. 4i). In addition, necdin strongly suppressed Rnf34-mediated ubiquitination of PGC-1α (Fig. 4j). Necdin also protected PGC-1α against ubiquitination mediated by Fbxw7, another PGC-1α E3 ubiquitin ligase23 (Fig. 4k). These data indicate that necdin stabilizes PGC-1α by inhibiting its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasomal system." SIGNOR-253393 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr112 EGMQIPStQFDAAHP 9606 12432063 t llicata "We show that CKII phosphorylates the N-terminal region of beta-catenin and we identified Ser29, Thr102, and Thr112 as substrates for the enzyme. We provide evidence that CKII regulates the cytoplasmic stability of beta-catenin and acts synergistically with GSK-3beta in the multi-protein complex that controls the degradation of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-251067 LAMTOR5 protein O43504 UNIPROT LAMTOR complex SIGNOR-C26 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t lperfetto "Mammals express four rag proteinsRaga, ragb, ragc, and ragdthat form heterodimers consisting of raga or ragb with ragc or ragd. Raga and ragb, like ragc and ragd, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-164781 RASGEF1B protein Q0VAM2 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-161481 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser250 TGSPAELsPTTLSPV 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-66763 KCNQ2 protein O43526 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 19298256 t miannu "KCNQ genes encode five Kv7 K+ channel subunits (Kv7.1–Kv7.5). Four of these (Kv7.2–Kv7.5) are expressed in the nervous system. Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 are the principal molecular components of the slow voltage-gated M-channel, which widely regulates neuronal excitability, although other subunits may contribute to M-like currents in some locations." SIGNOR-265982 EREG protein O14944 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 20513444 t "Epiregulin may be a mediator of localized cell proliferation" gcesareni "Remarkably, three members of the epidermal growth factor (egf) family (ereg, areg, and epgn) showed increased expression that was associated with elevated epidermal activation of the egf receptor (egfr) and stat3, a downstream effector of egfr signaling." SIGNOR-165782 ATP7A protein Q04656 UNIPROT copper(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:49552 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 28389643 t lperfetto "Menkes disease (MD) is caused by mutations in ATP7A, encoding a copper- transporting P-type ATPase which exhibits copper-dependent trafficking. ATP7A is found in the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN) at low copper concentrations, and in the post-Golgi compartments and the plasma membrane at higher concentrations. " SIGNOR-272298 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr179 PQSNIPEtPPPGYLS 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273142 COPS4 protein Q9BT78 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270773 MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT PC protein P11498 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17149590 f miannu "the expression of important beta cell genes, e.g. those encoding solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (formerly known as GLUT2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1), NK6 transcription factor-related, locus 1 (NKX6-1), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PCSK1) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), was regulated positively by MAFA and negatively by DN-MAFA." SIGNOR-254561 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11013220 f irozzo "Our data demonstrate the physical interactions and functional cooperativity of Sp1 with a complex of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 in the induction of the p15Ink4B gene. These findings explain the tumor suppressor roles of Smad2 and Smad4 in growth arrest signaling by TGF-β." SIGNOR-256286 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT STAP2 protein Q9UGK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr322 GDGPAVDyENQDVAS 9606 12540842 t lperfetto "To examine this possibility, STAP-2 was co-transfected with constitutively active tyrosine kinases in HEK-293 cells. STAP-2 was strongly phosphorylated by various tyrosine kinases, including v-Src (Fig.2 A-a), a JAK2 tyrosine kinase Tyr-22 and Tyr-322 are the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites by v-Src." SIGNOR-247337 PAXIP1 protein Q6ZW49 UNIPROT PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17925232 t "PTIP promotes assembly of the ALR complex and H3K4 methylation at a PAX2-binding DNA element. Without PTIP, Pax2 binds to this element but does not assemble the ALR complex" SIGNOR-251711 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271290 glyburide chemical CHEBI:5441 ChEBI CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000944 1281220 t miannu "The sulfonylureas, tolbutamide and glibenclamide, inhibited whole-cell CFTR Cl- currents at half-maximal concentrations of approximately 150 and 20 microM, respectively." SIGNOR-258344 GABRG2 protein P18507 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263752 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MED1 protein Q15648 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1032 SSSNRPFtPPTSTGG 9606 12356758 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-binding protein (pbp). Stimulation of transcriptional regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinase" SIGNOR-93989 UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT TRIM2 protein Q9C040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18687884 t miannu "Here, we show that TRIM RING finger protein TRIM2, highly expressed in the nervous system, is an UbcH5a-dependent ubiquitin ligase. We further demonstrate that TRIM2 binds to neurofilament light subunit (NF-L) and regulates NF-L ubiquitination. Together, our results indicate that TRIM2 is an ubiquitin ligase that binds to and ubiquitinates NF-L and that TRIM2 deficiency leads to neurodegeneration in mice likely by altering NF-L metabolism with consequent NF-L accumulation in axons and impairment of axonal transport." SIGNOR-271775 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser206 SSSTYPHsPTSSDPG 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273144 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser187 NSHPFPHsPNSSYPN 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273145 "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR Platelet_dense_granule_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH181 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 12019270 f miannu "BLOC-1, a novel complex containing the pallidin and muted proteins involved in the biogenesis of melanosomes and platelet-dense granules|Interestingly, immunofluorescence and in vitro binding experiments demonstrated that pallidin/BLOC-1 is able to associate with actin filaments. We propose that BLOC-1 mediates the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles by a mechanism that may involve self-assembly and interaction with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-268523 GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257054 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15897469 t miannu "Here, we describe an E3 ubiquitin ligase consisting of SPOP and CULLIN3 that is able to ubiquitinate the PcG protein BMI1 and the variant histone MACROH2A1. To investigate whether BMI1 can form a complex with SPOP and CULLIN3 in vivo, we reconstituted the complex in 293HEK cells. We find that BMI1 readily immunoprecipitates both hemagglutinin (HA)-SPOP and CULLIN3, and, conversely, CULLIN3 immunoprecipitates BMI1 (Fig. 2a). Complex formation depends on the presence of SPOP, in accordance with BMI1 binding to the MATH domain of SPOP (Fig. 1b) and previously published data showing SPOP–CULLIN interaction by means of the BTB/POZ domain of SPOP (30)." SIGNOR-272659 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18591668 t lpetrilli "The data in fig. 5 suggest that hsp90 specifically interacts with t?RI And t?RII In vitro and in vivo. Coupled with our data showing that loss of hsp90 function decreases t?R Levels and blocks tgf?-Induced smad2/3 activation and transcription, this result suggests that hsp90 controls tgf? Signaling as an essential component for stabilizing t?Rs." SIGNOR-179268 MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264930 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT ROS1 protein P08922 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr2115 DIYKNDYyRKRGEGL 9606 17416557 t gcesareni "In an approach to gain insight into the sequence-dependent dephosphorylation of multiple phosphotyrosyl-containing peptides by the phosphatases shp-1 and ptp1b, we applied a chromatographic technique for the analysis of the dephosphorylation products." SIGNOR-154207 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT FBXO43 protein Q4G163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser192 NLEKNIPsSASGFSR -1 16407128 t Manara "CaMKII and polo-like kinase 1 sequentially phosphorylate the cytostatic factor Emi2/XErp1 to trigger its destruction and meiotic exit. | these results implicate the 192RSST motif of Emi2 as a critical molecular target of CaMKII during CSF release" SIGNOR-260907 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t gcesareni "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-187181 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate" SIGNOR-264070 CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT PLCE1 protein Q9P212 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "In the non-canonical wnt pathway, frizzled uses galfaq or galfai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat, and frizzled also signals through the small gtpases rho and rac to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), which activates the ap1 transcription factor." SIGNOR-152591 N-[3-[[5-iodo-4-[3-[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]propylamino]-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenyl]-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91439 ChEBI TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190795 "Neurokinin B" smallmolecule CHEBI:80312 ChEBI TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257588 Raltegravir chemical CID:54671008 PUBCHEM UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258162 (R)-(+)-sulpiride chemical CHEBI:64122 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258735 "propionic acid" chemical CHEBI:30768 ChEBI FFAR2 protein O15552 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257489 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 1400883 t scontino "The type I 5' iodothyronine deiodinase (5' DI) catalyzes the deiodination of T4 to the biologically active hormone T3 and accounts for a significant fraction of its production." SIGNOR-266943 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 EWEAQRDsHLGPHRS 9606 14576165 t lperfetto "A phosphorylation site at serine residue 346 was identified that is selectively phosphorylated by PKC but not by PKA. This site is localized within a recognition motif for caspases, and phosphorylation strongly inhibits proteolytic processing of PS1 by caspase activity during apoptosis." SIGNOR-249237 IL1A protein P01583 UNIPROT SERPINA3 protein P01011 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002600 11027208 f miannu "We characterize a molecular mechanism responsible for both IL-1 and TNF-induced expression of ACT gene in astrocytes. We identify the 5' distal IL-1/TNF-responsive enhancer of the ACT gene located 13 kb upstream of the transcription start site. This 413-bp-long enhancer contains three elements, two of which bind nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and one that binds activating protein 1 (AP-1). All of these elements contribute to the full responsiveness of the ACT gene to both cytokines, as determined by deletion and mutational analysis. The 5' NF-kB high-affinity binding site and AP-1 element contribute most to the enhancement of gene transcription in response to TNF and IL-1." SIGNOR-254807 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser432 SAYGGLTsPGLSYSL 9606 9524113 t lperfetto "With regard to k8 phosphorylation at ser-431, it increases dramatically upon stimulation of cells with epidermal growth factor (egf) or after mitotic arrest and is the major k8 phosphorylated residue after incubating k8 immunoprecipitates with mitogen-activated protein or cdc2 kinases." SIGNOR-56054 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CABLES1 protein Q8TDN4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser273 PGQGGSTsAFEQLQR -1 11733001 t llicata "Here, we report that Ser274 of p70ik3-1 is phosphorylated by cdk2 or cdk3 bound to cyclin A and to cyclin E in vitro. We also found that in COS7 cells in which cyclin E and cdk3 were ectopically overexpressed, the phosphorylation level of Ser274 in coexpressed p70ik3-1 is upregulated. We therefore conclude that p70ik3-1 is a substrate for cdk3-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250756 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr418 LSGEDDAyCTFPSRD -1 10214954 t "Recombinant p56(lck) phosphorylates in vitro tyrosine residues within the IL-2Rbeta chain. p56(lck) phosphorylates tyrosine residues 355, 358 and 361 but not 338 of the IL-2Rbeta chain acidic subdomain. p56(lck) also phosphorylates very efficiently the two tyrosines present in the IL-2Rbeta chain C-terminal region, Tyr-392 and Tyr-510." SIGNOR-251378 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 10085140 t gcesareni "On the other hand, sapks such as jnks and p38 phosphorylate atf-2 at thr-69, thr-71, and ser-90 which lie close to the n-terminal transcriptional activation domain and stimulate itstrans-activating capacity our results indicate that atf-2 not only directly binds to smad3/4 hetero-oligomers but also that atf-2 is phosphorylated by tgf- signaling via tak1 and p38." SIGNOR-65601 MRPS23 protein Q9Y3D9 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261435 GP9 protein P14770 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16293600 t lperfetto "The GPIb-V-IX receptor consists of 4 transmembrane subunits: GPIbalpha, disulfide-linked to GPIbbeta, and the noncovalently associated GPIX and GPV components, in ratios of 2:2:2:1." SIGNOR-261848 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257373 "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268597 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269624 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT CRH protein P06850 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 17108082 t Luana "Collectively, these results point to a specific association between WT MeCP2 and the methylated promoter region of Crh in vivo. In contrast, the MeCP2308 protein was not detected at the Crh promoter. | Thus, the results of seqChIP indicate that MeCP2 preferentially associates with a transcriptionally inactive, dimethyl-histone H3 Lys-9-rich form of the Crh promoter in mice." SIGNOR-264548 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SET protein Q01105-2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SAPAAKVsKKELNSN 9606 23374587 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01105-2" miannu "Ckii-mediated phosphorylation at ser9 hinders nuclear import of set" SIGNOR-200802 SIM2 protein Q14190 UNIPROT ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9020169 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that both SIM1 and SIM2 can heterodimerize via their helix-loop-helix·PAS regions with ARNT, but not with AHR, and that they do not form homodimers. Furthermore, SIM1 may have a dual role, both negatively affecting AHR·ARNT binding to the XRE and also acting in concert with ARNT as a novel DNA-binding heterodimer." SIGNOR-240808 WIPF1 protein O43516 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19121306 f lperfetto "However, we did detect WAFL binding to bothWIP and actin by immunoprecipitation (Fig. 4). In conclusion, we propose a model whereby WAFL associates toendocytic vesicles by its coiled-coil domain and is involved in actin-based movement of early endosomes via WIP and binding to actin." SIGNOR-260609 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser571 RMRSRSRsFSRHRSC 9606 BTO:0000759 17554339 t lperfetto "Here we describe a mechanism by which insulin, through the intermediary protein kinase akt2/protein kinase b (pkb)-beta, elicits the phosphorylation and inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator 1alpha (pgc-1alpha), a global regulator of hepatic metabolism during fasting / phosphorylation of pgc-1alpha At ser570 Is required for akt to inhibit recruitment of pgc-1alpha To chromatin." SIGNOR-155532 H2BC11 protein P06899 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C324 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t miannu "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-263720 PHA-767491 chemical CID:11715767 PUBCHEM CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206115 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21892142 t gcesareni "Another recently described set of transcriptional regulators targeted by ampk and its related family members across a range of eukaryotes are the class iia family of histone deacetylases (hdacs)." SIGNOR-176487 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT down-regulates sumoylation Lys263 CNVSVPIkDELLPVM 9606 15208321 t miannu "Sumoylation decreases the transcriptional activity of plag1 / plag1 is sumoylated at 2 specific lysine residues (lys-244 and lys-263)" SIGNOR-126048 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 DSREDEIsPPPPNPV 9606 BTO:0000093 16582606 t lperfetto "In this context, we have identified rialpha as a novel substrate for the g(1)/s-cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk2/cyclin e, and found that rialpha is specifically phosphorylated at the serine residue." SIGNOR-216729 PTGER1 protein P34995 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256811 TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys365 SLASQATkDGKKDKK -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10)." SIGNOR-272741 TBX2 protein Q13207 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 24470334 f "TBX2 blocks myogenesis and promotes proliferation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells" SIGNOR-251563 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI KCNMA1 protein Q12791 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 31152168 t miannu "The large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ (BK) channel is a tetramer consisting of four α-subunits encoded by the KCNMA1 gene on chromosome 10q22.3. The BK channel can be allosterically activated by both changes in the membrane voltage (voltage-dependent activation pathway) and intracellular [Ca2+] concentration (calcium-dependent activation pathway)" SIGNOR-269199 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 22169964 f miannu "17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. . In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. In the present study, by means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253469 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr307 MRHVSISyDIPPTPG -1 10734310 t lperfetto "Gab1 is also phosphorylated in response to epidermal growth factor (egf) but is unable to induce tubule formation. nine tyrosines are phosphorylated by both receptors. Three of them (y307, y373, y407) bind phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma)." SIGNOR-233233 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser104 FSFDTDRsPAPMSCD 9606 22071694 t lperfetto "Furthermore, active recombinant Cdk1/cyclin B1 phosphorylates BimEL and BimL in vitro and Serine 44 on BimL has been identified as a Cdk1 phosphorylation site. Collectively, these results suggest that Cdk1/cyclin B1-dependent hyper-phosphorylation of Bim during prolonged mitotic arrest is an important cell death signal." SIGNOR-267985 4E2RCat chemical CID:2287236 PUBCHEM EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000414 21507972 t miannu "Characterization of 4E2RCat, an inhibitor of eIF4E-eIF4G interaction. Herein we describe a molecule from this screen that prevents the interaction between eIF4E (the cap-binding protein) and eIF4G (a large scaffolding protein), inhibiting cap-dependent translation. This inhibitor significantly decreased human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) replication, reducing the percentage of infected cells and intra- and extracellular infectious virus titers." SIGNOR-260187 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1675 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120192 EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT RASA1 protein P20936 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9233798 t gcesareni "We have localized an in vitro rasgap-binding site to conserved tyrosine residues y604 and y610 in the juxtamembrane region of ephb2, and demonstrated that substitution of these amino acids abolishes ephrin-b1-induced signalling events in ephb2-expressing ng108-15 cells." SIGNOR-50100 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MKRN3 protein Q13064 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271132 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TNKS1BP1 protein Q9C0C2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1032 GGLFSPStAHVPDGA 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262781 "Melanin-concentrating hormone" smallmolecule CHEBI:80254 ChEBI MCHR1 protein Q99705 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257540 PABPC3 protein Q9H361 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 25480299 t lperfetto "As poly(A)+ mRNAs are associated with poly(A) binding protein (PABP) in cells|his result suggests that PABPC1 binds preferentially to long poly(A) tails and protects them from TUT4/7 and thereby enhances the selectivity of uridylation according to poly(A) tail length." SIGNOR-268321 ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253204 CDT1 protein Q9H211 UNIPROT CDT1 protein Q9H211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14672932 t "We further show that Cdc6 physically associates with Cdt1 via its N-terminal noncatalytic domain, a region we had previously shown to be essential for Cdc6 function." SIGNOR-261682 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "a7/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C126 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 26387839 t lperfetto "BIGH3 binds molecules of the ECM, including fibronectin, laminin and different collagens ( Hashimoto et al., 1997 ; Hanssen et al., 2003) and serves as a ligand for several integrins|BIGH3 has been shown to interact with α3β1, αvβ3, αvβ5, α1β1, α6β4 and α7β1 integrin heterodimers" SIGNOR-253266 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000551 11313903 t gcesareni "These neuropeptides, including gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin b, neurotensin, gastrin, cholecystokinin and arginine vasopressin bind seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that couple to heterotrimeric g proteins. Studies with human small cell lung cancer (sclc) cells support a requirement for balanced signaling through g(q) and g(12/13) proteins leading to intracellular ca2+ mobilization, pkc activation and regulation of the erk and jnk map kinase pathways." SIGNOR-106998 KIFC1 protein Q9BW19 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33361741 f miannu "Kinesin Family Member C1 (KIFC1) Regulated by Centrosome Protein E (CENPE) Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Ovarian Cancer" SIGNOR-266114 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HNRNPA2B1 protein P22626 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20010808 t "We also demonstrate that the oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc upregulates transcription of PTB, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2," SIGNOR-268691 ATOH1 protein Q92858 UNIPROT HES6 protein Q96HZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17826772 f miannu "Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and luciferase assays show that ATOH1 activates HES6 transcription through binding to three clustered E boxes of its promoter." SIGNOR-253754 TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20562910 f lperfetto "Topoisomerase IIalpha (topoIIalpha) is an essential mammalian enzyme that topologically modifies DNA and is required for chromosome segregation during mitosis." SIGNOR-242530 ARVCF protein O00192 UNIPROT ERBIN protein Q96RT1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11821434 t miannu "We characterized the interactions between the Erbin PDZ domain and both ARVCF and δ-catenin in vitro and in vivo. endogenous δ-catenin and Erbin co-localized in and co-immunoprecipitated from neurons. These results suggest that δ-catenin and ARVCF may function to mediate the association of Erbin with the junctional cadherin-catenin complex." SIGNOR-252119 ELL protein P55199 UNIPROT ELL/ICE1 complex SIGNOR-C48 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 22195968 t miannu "The ell-ice complex is called lec for its proposed role in transcriptional regulation of the littlesnrna genes." SIGNOR-193458 NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257402 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT DAPP1 protein Q9UN19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr139 KVEEPSIyESVRVHT 10880360 t lperfetto "Src family kinases mediate receptor-stimulated, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent, tyrosine phosphorylation of dual adaptor for phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides-1 in endothelial and B cell lines|yrosine phosphorylation of DAPP-1 appears important for appropriate intracellular targeting and creates a potential binding site for Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins." SIGNOR-249373 FCER1 complex SIGNOR-C200 SIGNOR SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000830 16470226 f "Alessandro Palma" "It is clear that these initial signalling events involve coalescence of the aggregated receptors with specialized microdomains of the plasma membrane known as lipid rafts9, activation of SRC-family kinases and, subsequently, tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor subunits" SIGNOR-254955 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT SEPTIN3 protein Q9UH03 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser91 SQVSRKAsSWNREEK -1 15107017 t miannu "Mutation of Ser-91 to Ala in recombinant Sept3 also abolished PKG phosphorylation, confirming that Ser-91 is the major site in vitro. Therefore Sept3 is phosphorylated on Ser-91 in nerve terminals and its phosphorylation may contribute to the regulation of its subcellular localization in neurons." SIGNOR-263183 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr589 TGSSDNEyFYVDFRE 10090 BTO:0001516 16627759 t lperfetto "In vitro mapping of FLT3 autophosphorylation sites|Tryptic peptides covering more than 80% of the FLT3 kinase domain were recovered, and 5 tyrosine residues (Y591, Y726, Y842, Y955, and Y969) within this region were phosphorylated.|This finding suggests that the combination of tyrosine residues 589 and 591 is required for activation of STAT-5 signaling pathways." SIGNOR-271926 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1448 TSRQSPAsPPPLGGG 9606 BTO:0000007 20622900 t miannu "HScrib is a substrate of ERK and PKA. Under normal growth conditions, hScrib is phosphorylated at S853, most likely by ERK, and at S1445 by PKA. Interestingly, stimulation of MAPK by osmotic stress results in a marked loss of phosphorylation at the PKA site S1445, but a concomitant increase in phosphorylation at S1448, presumably also by ERK. At present, we have no information as to what are the functional consequences of ERK or PKA phosphorylation of hScrib. However, we can speculate that this will most likely affect the ability of hScrib to interact with some of its cellular partners, and studies are currently in progress to investigate these aspects further." SIGNOR-263064 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TACC3 protein Q9Y6A5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser558 ESALRKQsLYLKFDP 9606 BTO:0001109 17545617 t miannu "We show that this conserved serine on human TACC3 (Ser(558)) is also phosphorylated by Aurora A. Moreover, phosphorylation of TACC3 by Aurora A in human cells is essential for its proper localization to centrosomes and proximal mitotic spindles. Inhibition of Aurora A with the selective small molecule inhibitor MLN8054 in cultured human tumor cells resulted in mislocalization of TACC3 away from mitotic spindles in a concentration-dependent manner." SIGNOR-262655 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001103 21902831 f gcesareni "Wnt1 and wnt7a stimulation of precursor cells activates protein kinase a (pka), which, through the phosphorylation of creb, induces the expression of the myogenic transcription factors myf5, myod and pax3, resulting in the myogenic commitment of embryonic precursors." SIGNOR-176575 OSM protein P13725 UNIPROT AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24127753 f gcesareni "The il-6-type cytokine oncostatin m induces ahr expression in a stat3-ependent manner in human hepg2 hepatoma cells." SIGNOR-202963 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 11146101 t gcesareni "N-terminal proline/serine rich (ps) domain of ulk1 (amino acid 287-416) is required for ulk1-gate-16 and ulk1-gabarap protein interactions" SIGNOR-85614 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT GCLC protein P48506 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24024136 t irozzo "In both models, the inducer-modified and Nrf2-bound Keap1 is inactivated and, consequently, newly synthesized Nrf2 proteins bypass Keap1 and translocate into the nucleus, bind to the ARE and drive the expression of Nrf2 target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione S transferases (GSTs)." SIGNOR-256277 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 9606 BTO:0000007 10918587 t "Activation of Stat1 and Stat3 by FGFR derivatives. Lysates of 293T cells transfected as indicated were analysed by Western blotting using Phospho-Stat1 (Y701) antisera (top) or Stat1 antisera (bottom). (b) The same lysates in (a) were re-examined for phosphorylated Stat3 by Western blotting with Phospho-Stat3 (Y705) (top). all three FGFR family members examined here are able to lead to Stat activation. Expression of the 'TDII-like' derivatives of FGFR1, FGFR3, and FGFR4, as well as myrR1-WT, led to phosphorylation of both Stat1 and Stat3." SIGNOR-251138 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser409 LRLDPTLsVDDLANS 9606 BTO:0000972 phosphorylation:Ser213 TRKLMEFsEHCAIIL 9155023 t lperfetto "Ser213, in the membrane-proximal segment outside the kinase domain, undergoes intra-molecular autophosphorylation which is essential for the activation of TbetaRII kinase activity, activation of TbetaRI and TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition. In contrast, phosphorylation of Ser409 and Ser416, located in a segment corresponding to the substrate recognition T-loop region in a three-dimensional structural model of protein kinases, is enhanced by receptor dimerization and can occur via an intermolecular mechanism. Phosphorylation of Ser409 is essential for TbetaRII kinase signaling, while phosphorylation of Ser416 inhibits receptor function." SIGNOR-246743 SNIP1 protein Q8TAD8 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C6 10887155 t gcesareni "In this study, we characterize a novel nuclear protein, termed snip1 its principal mechanism of action appears to be through transcription by binding to cbp/p300 and interfering with the ability of these coactivators to interact with smad4" SIGNOR-78984 KIF13A protein Q9H1H9 UNIPROT TTC19 protein Q6DKK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20208530 t miannu "We show that PtdIns(3)P localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis and recruits a centrosomal protein, FYVE-CENT (ZFYVE26), and its binding partner TTC19, which in turn interacts with CHMP4B, an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III subunit implicated in the abscission step of cytokinesis. On the basis of these data and the high-content microscopy described above, we propose that PtdIns(3)P controls the KIF13A-dependent recruitment of FYVE-CENT and TTC19 to the midbody, and that TTC19 is the most downstream effector of the three, possibly controlling the function of CHMP4B." SIGNOR-265540 YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9534 14701738 t miannu "In order to address whether Gem binds specific isoforms of 14-3-3, we determined the coassociation of Gem and 14-3-3 in the neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y. 14-3-3ζ, -γ, -τ, and -β were observed to bind to Gem. 14-3-3-bound Gem has a twofold-longer half-life than nonbound Gem (Fig. ​(Fig.6).6). A similar increase in protein stability following 14-3-3 binding has been described for the Wee1 kinase" SIGNOR-261714 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 BTO:0001938 15254178 t lperfetto "Although the stabilization of p53 was apparently concordant with its phosphorylation on N-terminal serine residues in HFFF-2 cells, it did not require the phosphorylation of Ser15 or Ser20 by ATM, a cellular kinase known to phosphorylate and promote the stabilization of p53 in response to DNA damage." SIGNOR-126757 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser68 RSLSRSIsQSSTDSY 10090 17635105 t "Moreover, IRBIT-associated PP1 specifically dephosphorylated Ser68 of IRBIT. Phosphorylation of Ser68 was required for subsequent phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74, but the latter two sites were not targeted by PP1. We found that phosphorylation of Ser71 and Ser74 were sufficient to enable inhibition of IP3 binding to the IP3R|Given the importance of phosphorylation for the function of IRBIT in suppressing IP3R activity [7,10], in the present study, we searched for a protein phosphatase involved in the dephosphorylation and, hence, inactivation of IRBIT. We found that IRBIT contains a specific well-conserved binding site for PP1." SIGNOR-248571 NLGN4Y protein Q8NFZ3 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein P58401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264158 CDH24 protein Q86UP0 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265862 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr754 ERKEVSKySDIQRSL -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254714 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260581 NOX1 protein Q9Y5S8 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264714 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser402 ISNSHPLsLTSDQYK -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178407 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17183360 t lperfetto "Rela is phosphorylated at: ser276 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac), msk1 and msk2; at ser311 by the atypical pkczeta; at ser468 by ikkbeta, ikkepsilon and glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta); at ser529 by ck2; and at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1)) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k) ." SIGNOR-217367 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr412 RLIKDDEyNPCQGSK -1 8612628 t "Autophosphorylation of c-Fgr under basal conditions involves Tyr-400 (homologous of c-Src Tyr-416) but not, to any appreciable extent, Tyr-511. Both Tyr-511 and Tyr-400, however, incorporate phosphate if autophosphorylation is performed in the presence of polycationic peptides, such as polylysine, histones H1 and protamines. Such a double phosphorylation induced by polylysine gives rise to an upshifted form of c-Fgr on SDS-PAGE and correlates with a stimulation of catalytic activity instead of a down-regulation" SIGNOR-251143 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9126968 t milica "Shc mediates IL-6 signaling by interacting with gp130 and Jak2 kinase." SIGNOR-250574 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-166349 ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-267535 5-[(Z)-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-2,4-dimethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide chemical CID:73755145 PUBCHEM PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259808 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DBF4 protein Q9UBU7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser539 GLITINSsQEHLTVQ 9606 22123827 t lperfetto "Dbf4/cdc7 (dbf4-dependent kinase (ddk)) is activated at the onset of s-phase, and its kinase activity is required for dna replication initiation from each origin. We identified novel atm/atr phosphorylation sites on dbf4 and showed that atm/atr-mediated phosphorylation of dbf4 is critical for the intra-s-phase checkpoint to inhibit dna replication." SIGNOR-177797 tolcapone chemical CHEBI:63630 ChEBI COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 26919286 t miannu "The present work illustrates the potential therapeutic efficacy of COMT inhibition in alleviating cognitive impairment. A brain-penetrant COMT inhibitor, tolcapone, was tested in normal and phencyclidine-treated rats and COMT-Val transgenic mice." SIGNOR-258475 NTNG2 protein Q96CW9 UNIPROT LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19467332 t miannu "The NGL (netrin-G ligand; LRRC4) family of synaptic cell adhesion molecules belongs to the superfamily of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. The three known members of the NGL family, NGL-1, NGL-2, and NGL-3, are mainly localized to the postsynaptic side of excitatory synapses, and interact with the presynaptic ligands, netrin-G1, netrin-G2, and LAR, respectively." SIGNOR-264048 CDT1 protein Q9H211 UNIPROT MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14672932 t "Chromosomal DNA replication requires the recruitment of the six-subunit minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) complex to chromatin through the action of Cdc6 and Cdt1." SIGNOR-261679 EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr602 TYVDPHTyEDPTQAV 9606 11870224 t "Eph receptor activation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of three major autophosphorylation sites. these residues function to regulate kinase activity, their phosphorylation being required for full intrinsic enzyme activity. these tyrosines (EphA3 Y596, Y602 and Y779) as the prominent autophosphorylation sites of EphA3" SIGNOR-251116 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR INSIG2 protein Q9Y5U4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000759 21723501 f "MTORC1 activation is not sufficient to stimulate hepatic SREBP1c in the absence of Akt signaling, revealing the existence of an additional downstream pathway also required for this induction. We provide evidence that this mTORC1-independent pathway involves Akt-mediated suppression of Insig2a, a liver-specific transcript encoding the SREBP1c inhibitor INSIG2." SIGNOR-256212 PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14556242 t lperfetto "In the responding cell, active Hedgehog binds to its receptor Patched, a 12-pass transmembrane protein, which frees Smoothened, an adjacent 7-pass transmembrane protein, for downstream signaling.Thus, a balance is created by the antagonism of Hedgehog and Patched, whose relative concentrations alternate with respect to each other." SIGNOR-118609 FAM107A protein O95990 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t miannu "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-81800 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT RP9 protein Q8TA86 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser212 KKRKHKSsKSNEGSD -1 10931201 t miannu "PAP-1 was phosphorylated in vitro by Pim-1, but not a kinase-negative Pim-1 mutant. The two serine residues of PAP-1 at amino acids 204 and 206 near the C-terminus were phosphorylated by Pim-1. PAP-1 is thus thought to be a target protein for Pim-1 kinase." SIGNOR-263029 ARHGEF28 protein Q8N1W1 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260546 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr345 KFAQTVMtSRIVGTT 9606 BTO:0000876 24567333 t lperfetto "We show irak4 autophosphorylation occurs by an intermolecular reaction and that autophosphorylation is required for full catalytic activity of the kinase. Phosphorylation of any two of the residues thr-342, thr-345, and ser-346 is required for full activity" SIGNOR-204661 CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Gly71 FSASVLTgKLTTVFL -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263581 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7 sSAEGAAK 9606 11438671 t miannu "PKA preferentially phosphorylates serine 6 in human HMGN1. specific phosphorylation of the NBD of HMGN proteins serves to prevent the interaction of these proteins with their chromatin targets during mitosis." SIGNOR-249993 5-{3-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)piperidin-1-yl]propoxy}-1,3-benzothiazole chemical CID:56599142 PUBCHEM DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002181 22025698 t Luana "Through a robust diversity-oriented modification of the scaffold represented by aripiprazole (1), we discovered UNC9975 (2), UNC0006 (3), and UNC9994 (4) as unprecedented β-arrestin–biased D2R ligands. " SIGNOR-258322 KATNB1 protein Q9BVA0 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 10751153 f miannu "Katanin, a heterodimeric microtubule-severing ATPase, is found localized at mitotic spindle poles. In this paper we demonstrate that human p60 katanin and the C-terminal domain of human p80 katanin both bind microtubules in vitro. Association of these two proteins results in an increased microtubule affinity and increased microtubule-severing activity in vitro. Association of these subunits in transfected HeLa cells increases microtubule disassembly activity and targeting to spindle poles. " SIGNOR-267181 ABR protein Q12979 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260525 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 17015473 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" lperfetto "Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of aml1, particularly at serines 276 and 303, affects its transcriptional activation. Here, we report that phosphorylation of aml1 serines 276 and 303 can be blocked in vivo by inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) cdk1 and cdk2. Furthermore, these residues can be phosphorylated in vitro by purified cdk1/cyclin b and cdk2/cyclin a." SIGNOR-217340 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys365 SLASQATkDGKKDKK -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10). Two additional Lys residues (Lys-126 and -135) were ubiquitinated by E6AP." SIGNOR-272745 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT ADAP1 protein O75689 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr276 GFRKRWFtMDDRRLM -1 12893243 t lperfetto "The sites of phosphorylation by PKCalpha on centaurin-alpha1‚ were identified as S87 (peptide ARFEK) and T276 (peptide WFMDDRR) (‚ Fig. 5).‚ | The phosphorylation site analysis was carried out twice after phosphorylation of centaurin-alpha1‚ with PKCalpha and once with PKC_. A similar pattern of phosphopeptides was obtained each time." SIGNOR-249226 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 EKLFQGYsFVAPSIL 15568999 t lperfetto "In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on Thr-581 and Ser-360 by ERK1/2 or p38, MSK1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: Ser-212, Ser-376, Ser-381, Ser-750, Ser-752 and Ser-758. Of these sites, the N-terminal T-loop residue Ser-212 and the 'hydrophobic motif' Ser-376 are phosphorylated by the C-terminal kinase domain of MSK1, and their phosphorylation is essential for the catalytic activity of the N-terminal kinase domain of MSK1" SIGNOR-249479 Inner_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C411 SIGNOR "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II" complex SIGNOR-C278 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "One of the main functions of the IMM is the housing of proteins that make up the electron transport chain (ETC) which ultimately produces ATP. " SIGNOR-267006 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr558 LGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 17447891 t lperfetto "This led to the discovery that moesin, a protein which anchors the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, is efficiently phosphorylated by lrrk2, at thr558. Moesin phosphorylation could be essential to support the cytoskeletal changes accompanying this process." SIGNOR-154498 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT RYR1 protein P21817 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2843 KKKTRKIsQSAQTYD 8380342 t llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 2843 in ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel of skeletal muscle by cAMP-, cGMP- and CaM-dependent protein kinase." SIGNOR-250704 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001516 19276253 t miannu "Functionally, CBL negatively regulated FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) activity and interacted with human FLT3 via the autophosphorylation sites Y589 and Y599 and colocalized in vivo." SIGNOR-260106 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT VCPIP1 protein Q96JH7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr761 GPSSAPAtPTKAPYS 23500464 t lperfetto "We clarified that VCIP135, an essential factor in both p97 membrane fusion pathways, is phosphorylated on Threonine-760 and Serine-767 by Cdc2 at mitosis and that this phosphorylated VCIP135 does not bind to p97. " SIGNOR-265037 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 7737130 t gcesareni "Stimulation of atf-2-dependent transactivation by genotoxic agents requires the presence of threonines 69 and 71 located in the n-terminal transactivation domain. These sites are the target of p54 and p46 stress-activated protein kinases (sapks) which bind to, and phosphorylate atf-2 in vitro." SIGNOR-32425 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22235125 f miannu "It has been shown that ERG is a positive regulator of several EC-restricted genes including VE-cadherin, endoglin, and von Willebrand factor, and a negative regulator of other genes such as interleukin (IL)-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1." SIGNOR-253917 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269602 BRD8 protein Q9H0E9 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269304 GLUL protein P15104 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30158707 t miannu "Glutamine synthetase, encoded by the gene GLUL, is an enzyme that converts glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. certain cell types express glutamine synthetase (GS; also called glutamate-ammonia ligase; GLUL), the enzyme capable of de novo glutamine production from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP and Mg2+/Mn2+ requiring reaction." SIGNOR-267824 progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT down-regulates 24631756 f lperfetto "ACTH and corticosterone responses to the same acute stress stimulus are higher in the pro-estrus phase of the cycle, when the serum concentrations of estrogen are the highest (Viau and Meaney, 1991). In the same study, it was shown that progesterone inhibits the sensitizing effects of estrogen on ACTH release during stress, as the ACTH levels and HPA output decreased with increasing amounts of progesterone in the estrous and diestrous phases." SIGNOR-268727 MICU2 protein Q8IYU8 UNIPROT MCU_MICU2_variant complex SIGNOR-C502 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270877 DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19052324 t miannu "Initially, RIG-I and MDA5 sense dsRNA in the cytoplasm, produced as a by-product of RNA virus replication.Once one or both of these sensors are activated, they interact with a mitochondrial membrane protein called MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral) (also called IPS1, Cardif, and VISA). They signal to the mitochondrial membrane protein MAVS, which in turn activates the kinases TBK1 and IKKɛ." SIGNOR-260139 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT SERPINB5 protein P36952 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 20197383 f lperfetto "Importantly, we show that E2F1-mediated upregulation of maspin is enhanced by chemotherapeutic drugs, and inhibition of maspin expression significantly impairs the ability of E2F1 to promote chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Summarily, our data indicate that maspin is an important effector of E2F1-induced chemosensitization." SIGNOR-254135 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser330 MEEDSYDsFGEPSYP -1 9558331 t llicata "In vitro the large hydrophilic loop of PS-2 between transmembrane domains 6 and 7 can be phosphorylated by casein kinase-1 (CK-1) and CK-2, but not by PKA or PKC. Quantitative analysis of in vitro phosphorylation demonstrates the presence of two phosphorylation sites for CK-1 and a single site for CK-2. A deletion analysis revealed that the CTF of PS-2 is phosphorylated in vivo within an acidic sequence containing three potential phosphorylation sites for CKs (serines 327, 330, and 335). These data suggest that CK type protein kinases phosphorylate the CTF of PS-2 within its hydrophilic loop domain in vivo. Interestingly, the potential phosphorylation sites are located directly adjacent to the recently identified caspase cleavage sites." SIGNOR-250934 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255495 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr159 DNKLRRYtTFSKRKT 10090 12809504 t llicata "Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), a muscle- and neuron-restricted kinase, enhanced SRF-mediated promoter activity of the skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin genes in C2C12 myoblasts as well as in nonmyogenic cells. | Threonine 159 in the MADS box alphaI coil was a specific phosphorylation target in vitro as well as in vivo of both DMPK and protein kinase C-alpha. " SIGNOR-188181 PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 16129686 t lperfetto "Inhibition of pak kinase activity dramatically decreased phosphorylation of mek1 at ser(298) in response to either pdgf or egf." SIGNOR-244920 PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR PPME1 protein Q9Y570 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser15 MHLGRLPsRPPLPGS 9606 BTO:0000007 24841198 t lperfetto "The results subsequently revealed that phosphorylated PME-1/Ser15 is dephosphorylated by SIK2·PP2A (Fig. 5G). |Our results also demonstrated that the phosphorylated levels of PME-1/Ser15 and CaMKI/Thr177 are inversely correlated with the phosphatase activity of SIK2·PP2A complex, further implying that the demethylase activity of phosphorylated PME-1/Ser15 may be higher than that of its unphosphorylated state." SIGNOR-265752 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr504 AEPLPPSyVACS 12441334 t "JAK2 in turn phosphorylates several tyrosine residues on the EpoR-cytosolic domain and probably on JAK2 itself that serve as docking sites for SH2 or protein tyrosine binding domains of downstream signal transduction proteins such as STAT5, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, and tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2" SIGNOR-251355 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr34 MIRRRRPtPAMLFRL 9606 BTO:0000938 10604473 t miannu "DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phospho-protein, relative molecular mass 32,000) is converted into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) at threonine 34.‚ " SIGNOR-264956 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9450761 t gcesareni "Here we report the crystal structure at 2.9 a resolution of the p50/p65 heterodimer bound to the kappab dna" SIGNOR-55381 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259038 3-phosphonatooxypyruvate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18110 ChEBI 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25406093 t lperfetto "PHDGH catalyzes the first reaction of de novo serine biosynthesis, producing 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate by NAD+-coupled oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG).|The PHGDH reaction is reversible and, under standard conditions, thermodynamically favors the direction from 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to 3PG." SIGNOR-268566 NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT GABARAPL1 protein Q9H0R8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19250911 t gcesareni "We performed glutathione s-transferase (gst) pull-down assays using extracts from hek293 cells overexpressing an ha-tagged nbr1(d50r) mutant, which lacks the ability to bind p62 (lamark et al., 2003) (figures s1a and s1b, available online), and gst fusions of six human atg8 homologs: gabarap, gabarapl1, gabarapl2, lc3a, lc3b, and lc3c. Indeed, nbr1 interacted with all these members of the mammalian atg8 protein family" SIGNOR-184264 SB-202190 chemical CHEBI:79090 ChEBI PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000876 9738669 t gcesareni "Sb202190, a selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, is a powerful regulator of lps-induced mrnas in monocytes." SIGNOR-60130 Protocadherin_beta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF102 SIGNOR ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-269039 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr580 LRKTRDQyLMWLTQK 9534 BTO:0000298 8385099 t "The alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated at tyrosines 368, 580, and 607 by the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-252691 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ACAP1 protein Q15027 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser554 SIRPRPGsLRSKPEP 9606 16256741 t llicata "Akt phosphorylates s554 in acap1" SIGNOR-252483 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1497 EPGVERSsPSKCPSL 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-72087 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271288 IPO5 protein O00410 UNIPROT DSCAML1 protein Q8TD84 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 t miannu "DSCAM and DSCAML1 specifically interacted with the importin beta IPO5, whereas deletion of the identified NLSs abolished this specific interaction and suppressed nuclear translocation of the DSCAM/L1 ICDs in cell lines and cultured neurons. This suggests a direct role of IPO5 in the nuclear import of the DSCAM/L1 ICDs." SIGNOR-264274 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 34599168 t miannu "Here we show that the CULLIN3 E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein SPOP binds Geminin at endogenous level and regulates DNA replication. SPOP promotes K27-linked non-degradative poly-ubiquitination of Geminin at lysine residues 100 and 127." SIGNOR-268927 PHKA2 protein P46019 UNIPROT PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10487978 t "Phk is among the most complex of the protein kinases so far elucidated. It has one catalytic (gamma) subunit and three different regulatory (alpha, beta, and delta) subunits, a molecular mass of 1.3 X 106 daltons, and each holoenzyme molecule is presumed to contain four molecules of each subunit. The three regulatory subunits inhibit the phosphotransferase activity of the gamma subunit." SIGNOR-267404 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9122197 f gcesareni "P53 can transcriptionally activate bax, a bcl-2 family member that promotes apoptosis" SIGNOR-47541 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT ACO2 protein Q99798 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr71 TLSEKIVyGHLDDPA -1 17997986 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that the flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase are ""in vitro"" substrates of Fgr tyrosine kinase. Fgr phosphorylates flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase at Y535 and Y596 and aconitase at Y71, Y544 and Y665. Further experiments will be necessary to verify if Fgr is the tyrosine kinase responsible for the tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins in vivo and to elucidate the role of these phosphorylations." SIGNOR-262871 NFYC protein Q13952 UNIPROT SOX18 protein P35713 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 18496767 f miannu "co-transfection experiments revealed that over-expression of Sp3 and ZBP-89 down-regulate, while over-expression of NF-Y up-regulates SOX18 promoter activity in HeLa cells" SIGNOR-254822 SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT SMAD8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C206 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20957627 t lperfetto "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common smad (co-smad; smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-255268 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser370 PAVPPRPsADLILNR 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89284 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser262 TFRPRSSsNASSVST 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252854 Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR Protein_aggregates phenotype SIGNOR-PH142 SIGNOR up-regulates 9502314 f lperfetto "Inclusion body formation and other aggregates formed during protein folding have been assumed to arise from hydrophobic aggregation of the unfolded or denatured states" SIGNOR-262268 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 17900900 t lperfetto "The energy sensor amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) has been shown to directly phosphorylate foxo factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the akt." SIGNOR-252889 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT GIT2 protein Q14161 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr392 QDNDQPDyDSVASDE 9606 16317044 t fspada "Conversely, a gfp-pkl phosphorylation mutant, y286/392/592f (gfp-pkl triple yf) (brown et al., 2005), was not phosphorylated during adhesion and the addition of ptp-pest had no effect, suggesting one or more of these tyrosine residues are dephosphorylated by ptppest. Taken together, these data strongly suggest pkl as a direct substrate for ptp-pest." SIGNOR-142715 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr411 RVIEDNEyTAREGAK 9606 BTO:0000007 10934191 t gcesareni "Tyr(416) is the autophosphorylation site in the activation loop. Autophosphorylation of tyr(416) is required for hck activation." SIGNOR-80340 PDHB protein P11177 UNIPROT PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20160912 t miannu "The human (h) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (hPDC) consists of multiple copies of several components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), E3-binding protein (BP), and specific kinases and phosphatases. Mammalian PDC has a well organized structure with an icosahedral symmetry of the central E2/BP core to which the other component proteins bind non-covalently." SIGNOR-266547 nivolumab antibody DB09035 DRUGBANK PDCD1 protein Q15116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001023 26351349 t miannu "Nivolumab is an anti-PD-1 antibody that blocks PD-1 signaling. We assessed the safety and antitumor activity of nivolumab in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer." SIGNOR-259895 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20086174 t "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "We determined that mst2 phosphorylation by akt limits mst2 activity in two ways: first, by blocking its binding to rassf1a and by promoting its association into the raf-1 inhibitory complex, and second, by preventing homodimerization of mst2, which is needed for its activation. we identified t117 and t384 as akt phosphorylation sites in mst2." SIGNOR-269944 SCNN1G protein P51170 UNIPROT CACNA1H protein O95180 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 30736831 t miannu "This study describes the functional interaction between Cav3.2 calcium channels and the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC). β- and γ-ENaC subunits could be co-immunoprecipitated with Cav3.2 calcium channels from brain lysates, dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Αβγ-ENaC channels enhanced Cav3.2 calcium channel trafficking to the plasma membrane in tsA-201 cells. This effect was reciprocal such that Cav3.2 channel expression also enhanced β-ENaC trafficking to the cell surface. these findings reveal ENaC as an interactor and potential regulator of Cav3.2 calcium channels expressed in neuronal tissues." SIGNOR-269274 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24940000 t "Using in vitro, cell and animal experiments, we show here that SerRS intervenes by antagonizing c-Myc, the major transcription factor promoting VEGFA expression, through a tandem mechanism. First, by direct head-to-head competition, nuclear-localized SerRS blocks c-Myc from binding to the VEGFA promoter. Second, DNA-bound SerRS recruits the SIRT2 histone deacetylase to erase prior c-Myc-promoted histone acetylation." SIGNOR-259368 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr236 RTRSRRLtFRKNISK 9606 11583630 t lperfetto "Activated akt binds to edg-1 and phosphorylates the third intracellular loop at the t(236) residue. Transactivation of edg-1 by akt is not required for g(i)-dependent signaling but is indispensable for rac activation, cortical actin assembly, and chemotaxis" SIGNOR-110845 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT MYL12B protein O14950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 1178183 t lperfetto "Hzipk phosphorylated the regulatory light chain of myosin ii (mrlc) at both ser19 and thr18 in vitro. Phosphorylation of mrlc is required to generate the driving force in the migration of the cells but not necessary for localization of myosin ii at the leading edge." SIGNOR-16043 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 f lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242649 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNB2 protein Q08289 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser534 KSQHRSSsSAPHHNH 10441130 t miannu "Voltage-dependent L-type calcium (Ca) channels are heteromultimeric proteins that are regulated through phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) Mutagenesis of a single residue at Ser459 resulted in the loss of one site of phosphorylation by PKA, and mutagenesis of two residues at Ser478/479 resulted in the loss of approximately two sites of PKA-mediated phosphorylation" SIGNOR-250341 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19701891 t "TGF-beta1-activated Smad3 plays a major role in the expression of Foxp3, since TGF-beta1-induced-Treg generation from Smad3(-/-) mice is markedly reduced and abolished by inactivating Smad2" SIGNOR-254362 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser618 APTPPKRsSSFREMD 9606 18161990 t lperfetto "The interaction of c-abl with the abl interactor protein abi2 is shown to be negatively regulated by phosphorylation of serines 637 and 638. These serines are adjacent to the pxxp motif (ptppkrs637s638sfr) that binds the sh3 domain of abi. phosphorylation of c-abl by pak2 inhibits the interaction between the sh3 domain of abi2 and the pxxp motif of c-abl." SIGNOR-160215 PPAT protein Q06203 UNIPROT "5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:58017 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9914248 t miannu "Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase (GPATase) catalyzes the first step of de novo purine biosynthesis, the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-(~)l-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to 5-phosphoribosyl-([3)l-amine (PRA). The nitrogen source for the reaction is the amide group of glutamine." SIGNOR-267293 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser40 SREVFDFsQRRKEYE 9606 12198130 t miannu "Phosphorylation of nrf2 at ser-40 by protein kinase c regulates antioxidant response element-mediated transcription / recently we reported evidence for the involvement of protein kinase c (pkc) in phosphorylating nrf2 and triggering its nuclear translocation in response to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-91830 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KAT7 protein O95251 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr88 QQQPTPVtPKKYPLR 9606 18250300 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the interaction between plk1 and hbo1 is mitosis-specific and that plk1 phosphorylates hbo1 on ser-57 in vitro and in vivo. During mitosis, cdk1 phosphorylates hbo1 on thr-85/88, creating a docking site for plk1 to be recruited. Significantly, the overexpression of hbo1 mutated at the plk1 phosphorylation site (s57a) leads to cell-cycle arrest in the g1/s phase, inhibition of chromatin loading of the minichromosome maintenance (mcm) complex, and a reduced dna replication rate." SIGNOR-160747 SIRT6 protein Q8N6T7 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25083875 t miannu "SIRT6 is involved in circadian control of gene expression and metabolism. SIRT6 Interacts with CLOCK:BMAL1 and Controls Their Chromatin Recruitment. SIRT6 physically interacts with CLOCK and BMAL1, individually or together, as shown by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) (Figures 4A and 4B). SIRT6 directs chromatin recruitment of CLOCK:BMAL1 and SREBP1." SIGNOR-268157 IL2 protein P60568 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16477002 t miannu "Il-2 is a cytokine that functions as a growth factor and central regulator in the immune system and mediates its effects through ligand-induced hetero-trimerization of the receptor subunits il-2r alpha, il-2r beta, and gamma(c)." SIGNOR-144543 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25720354 f scontino "APCs have several cell surface receptors that facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-267855 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr213 SASFPHTtPSMCLNP 9606 BTO:0000664 17475908 t miannu "We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B)." SIGNOR-262913 MDGA2 protein Q7Z553 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26206665 f miannu "Enhanced protein expression of p53 and p21 by MDGA2 was confirmed in MDGA2 overexpressed cells and xenograft tumours." SIGNOR-264241 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 GNDPLTSsPGRSSRR 9606 BTO:0000567 16899510 t gcesareni "In the present study, we report the identification of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation sites on mcm2 and determine the functional role of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation of mcm2 in the initiation of dna replication in human cells." SIGNOR-148713 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr336 AKGNLQEyLTRHVIS -1 9169454 t lperfetto "Tryptic mapping and amino acid sequencing of in vitro autophosphorylated type ii receptor cytoplasmic domain allowed the localization of the sites of tyrosine phosphorylation to positions 259, 336, and 424. Replacement of all three tyrosines with phenylalanines strongly inhibited the kinase activity of the receptor, suggesting that tyrosine autophosphorylation may play an autoregulatory role for the kinase activity of this receptor." SIGNOR-48863 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268582 DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT Osteoblast_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH9 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 12000792 f "Giulio Giuliani" "In conclusion, Dlx5 and Dlx6 are dynamic regulators of mammalian development, which are absolutely required for proper craniofacial and skeletal development and which display overlapping genetic functions in all tissues in which they are expressed. In addition, they appear to act as essential regulators of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis." SIGNOR-255450 ASXL2 protein Q76L83 UNIPROT TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28516957 f miannu "Interestingly, this identified a number of genes known to promote leukemogenesis (either alone or in the context of AML1-ETO leukemia) as differentially expressed by ASXL2 loss. These include downregulation of TET2 as well as NOTCH2 with ASXL2 loss in human AML1-ETO-expressing cells, downregulation of which have been previously shown to functionally promote myeloid leukemogenesis when altered in expression" SIGNOR-260074 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 31539109 f miannu "GGCX can regulate osteoporosis via promoting the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway, facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and inhibiting BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The transfection of pcDNA-GGCX plasmid significantly promoted BMSC cell proliferation, increased calcified nodule formation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation, enhanced ALP activity, elevated RUNX2, and OPN mRNA expressions, and upregulated TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad7 expressions (p < 0.05)." SIGNOR-261232 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT DEF6 protein Q9H4E7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr210 SMAIHEVyQELIQDV -1 12923183 t "In vitro kinase assays indeed demonstrated that Lck can phosphorylate wild-type IBP but not the Y210F mutant. IBP Binds PI(3,4,5)P3 upon Phosphorylation by Lck" SIGNOR-251372 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "These results, combined with secondary dephosphorylation tests, confirm and extend earlier findings that ptp-1b and t-cell ptp are physiological enzymes for the insulin receptor kinase." SIGNOR-76092 FNIP1 protein Q8TF40 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t miannu "FNIP1 and FNIP2 facilitate FLCN binding to Hsp90 chaperone. Our results suggest that FNIP1 is a potent inhibitor of Hsp90 ATPase activity, as 200 nM of FNIP1 inhibits Hsp90 ATPase activity by 50-fold. FNIP2 also has shown inhibitory activity towards Hsp90; however, it required 1.6 μM of FNIP2 to inhibit the ATPase activity by eightfold. Although we use the term ‘inhibition' here, FNIPs seem only to be slowing the chaperone cycle." SIGNOR-261413 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser287 WEPPGRAsPSQGSSP 9606 14697653 t lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-120475 NDUFA10 protein O95299 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262151 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser732 RRVRKLPsTTL 9534 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219345 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr92 EVPDVTAtPARLLFF 9606 SIGNOR-C17 20526282 t gcesareni "Mcl-1 is phosphorylated at two sites in mitosis, ser64 and thr92. Phosphorylation of thr92 by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1)-cyclin b1 initiates degradation of mcl-1 in cells arrested in mitosis by microtubule poisons." SIGNOR-165867 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NRGN protein Q92686 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser36 AAAKIQAsFRGHMAR -1 8080473 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of RC3 by PKC alpha, beta, or gamma was stimulated by Ca2+, phospholipid, and diacylglycerol. A single site, Ser36, which is adjacent to the predicted calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain, was phosphorylated by these enzymes. Phosphorylation of RC3 by PKC or PKM, a protease-degraded PKC, was inhibited by CaM. The effect of CaM apparently targets at RC3, as phosphorylation of protamine sulfate by PKM was not inhibited by CaM." SIGNOR-248913 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate(5-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57923 ChEBI "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57795 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18429927 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 can be dephosphorylated by the 3-phosphatase myotubularins (MTMs), leading to the production of PtdIns5P. Myotubularins also dephosphorylate PtdIns3P into PtdIns" SIGNOR-269806 SPC25 protein Q9HBM1 UNIPROT "Ndc80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C361 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27881301 t lperfetto "Kinetochores, multisubunit protein assemblies, connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules to promote chromosome segregation. The 10-subunit KMN assembly (comprising KNL1, MIS12, and NDC80 complexes, designated KNL1C, MIS12C, and NDC80C) binds microtubules and regulates mitotic checkpoint function through NDC80C and KNL1C, respectively. |NDC80C contains the NDC80, NUF2, SPC24, and SPC25 subunits" SIGNOR-265186 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000551 11313903 t gcesareni "These neuropeptides, including gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin b, neurotensin, gastrin, cholecystokinin and arginine vasopressin bind seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that couple to heterotrimeric g proteins. Studies with human small cell lung cancer (sclc) cells support a requirement for balanced signaling through g(q) and g(12/13) proteins leading to intracellular ca2+ mobilization, pkc activation and regulation of the erk and jnk map kinase pathways." SIGNOR-107025 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser788 PIPHIPRsPYKFPSS -1 9139732 t llicata "In summary, we have shown evidence that CDK4-cyclin D1 phosphorylates Thr5, Ser249, Thr252, Thr356, Thr373, Ser788, Ser795, Ser807, Ser811, and Thr826 of pRB." SIGNOR-250759 RPN1 protein P04843 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272072 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser184 QSPRTRGsRRQIQRL 9606 BTO:0000567 19789335 t lperfetto "we show that TNFalpha treatment induces the accumulation of Daxx protein through ASK1 activation by preventing its proteasome-dependent degradation. ASK1 directly phosphorylates Daxx at Ser(176) and Ser(184) and Daxx is required for the sustained activation of JNK. Our results indicate that Daxx not only activates ASK1 but also is a downstream target of ASK1 and that accumulated Daxx further activates ASK1." SIGNOR-109684 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT NLI/Lmx1.1/Isl1 complex SIGNOR-C103 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9452425 t lperfetto "Interactions between LIM transcription factors were also evaluated in vivo. Cotransfected FLAG-Lmx1.1 and HA-Isl1 were capable of interacting. the NLI-dependent interaction observed between Isl1 and Lmx1.1 is likely to represent a physiologically significant complex found in the endocrine cells of the pancreas." SIGNOR-236839 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Arg-tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:18366 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269545 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser319 TFRPRTSsNASTISG 9606 11237865 t lperfetto "The transcription factor, forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (fkhr), is phosphorylated at three amino acid residues (thr-24, ser-256 and ser-319) by protein kinase b (pkb)alpha.Fkhr (forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma), afx (all1 fused gene from chromosome x) and fkhrl1 (fkhr-like 1) are phosphorylated directly by pkb in cells, preventing them from stimulating gene transcription and leading to their exit from the nucleus" SIGNOR-252349 PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10604473 t miannu "DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phospho-protein, relative molecular mass 32,000) is converted into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) at threonine 34.‚ " SIGNOR-264958 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16106106 f Regulation miannu "TNF-α and IL-6 inhibit lipoprotein lipase" SIGNOR-251855 Isradipine chemical CHEBI:6073 ChEBI CACNA1C protein Q13936 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 10072735 t miannu "The protein expression as measured by3H-(+)-PN 200-110-binding (Bmax) and Western Blot analysis withcalsequestrin as reference was similar in left ventricular failing and non-failing myocardium. However, both werereduced in atrial compared to ventricular tissue in failing and non-failing hearts. The KDremained unchanged." SIGNOR-259076 EYA1 protein Q99502 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr143 ATQASQEy 9606 20965415 t gcesareni "Tyr142 is dephosphorylated by the tyr phosphatases eya1 and eya3." SIGNOR-168879 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT SMN1 protein Q16637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23112048 t lperfetto "Ubiquitin-specific Protease 9x Deubiquitinates and Stabilizes the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Protein-Survival Motor Neuron" SIGNOR-253113 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 BTO:0000007 11691836 t lperfetto "The 4E-BPs inhibit translation in a reversible manner. Hypophosphorylated 4E-BPs interact avidly with eIF4E, whereas 4E-BP hyperphosphorylation, elicited by stimulation of cells with hormones, cytokines, or growth factors, results in an abrogation of eIF4E-binding activity.|These results are at variance with reports that have characterized the 4E-BP1/eIF4E interaction utilizing recombinant 4E-BP1 proteins phosphorylated in vitro with ERK, and harboring alanine substitutions at Thr 37, Thr 46, Thr 70, and Ser 83 |phosphorylation of either Thr 46 or Ser 65 was reported to result in a decrease in eIF4E binding" SIGNOR-249393 SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 28192058 t scontino "Active iodide (I-) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I- uptake plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. " SIGNOR-266960 SEC23IP protein Q9Y6Y8 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269651 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT PSMF1 protein Q92530 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 23622245 t lperfetto "We identify the ADP-ribosyltransferase tankyrase (TNKS) and the 19S assembly chaperones dp27 and dS5b as direct binding partners of the proteasome regulator PI31. TNKS-mediated ADP-ribosylation of PI31 drastically reduces its affinity for 20S proteasome alpha subunits to relieve 20S repression by PI31." SIGNOR-263387 RRM2B protein Q7LG56 UNIPROT RRM1 protein P23921 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001061 14583450 t miannu "Taken together, we conclude that UV-induced activation of p53R2 transcription and binding of p53R2 to hRRM1 to form RR holoenzyme are impaired in the p53-mutant cell line PC3." SIGNOR-259366 Crenolanib chemical CID:10366136 PUBCHEM PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191124 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 16146838 f lperfetto "The results of 2 microarray experiments demonstrated that the aberrant activation of STAT proteins by Flt3-ITDs resulted in the up-regulation of several STAT5-responsive genes, such as Pim-1, Pim-2, and members of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) protein family. These results are particularly interesting because recent data point to an important role of Pim kinases in the antiapoptosis of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-256575 EPB41 protein P11171 UNIPROT DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9615 BTO:0000837 12807908 t lperfetto "Together, our results demonstrate that in addition to the N-terminal targeting domain, the alternatively spliced I3 insertion plays a critical role in recruiting hDlg to the lateral membrane in epithelial cells via its interaction with protein 4.1R." SIGNOR-266011 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9534 BTO:0000298 18094045 t miannu "Fbx8 Is a Component of the SCF Complex and Mediates Ubiquitination of Arf6. We first examined whether Fbx8 makes a complex with Cul1, through its binding to Skp1. We expressed GST-tagged Fbx8 together with FLAG-tagged Skp1 and Myc-tagged Cul1 in Cos-7 cells and found that Myc-Cul1 is coprecipitated with GST-Fbx8 in the presence of FLAG-Skp1 (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-271766 MRPL4 protein Q9BYD3 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262357 LIF protein P15018 UNIPROT LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9143707 t gcesareni "Lif binds at low-affinity to lifr, the structure of which is closely related to that of gp130 (42). Lifr then becomes heterodimerized with gp130 to form the high-affinity and signaling-competent complex (43). Osm utilizes this type of heterodimer, i.e. the lifr/gp130 complex (43, 44)." SIGNOR-48111 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser731 DPLPPVFsGTPKGSG 9606 BTO:0000567 20667468 t miannu "Activated ERK5 undergoes autophosphorylation on its C-terminal half, necessary for maximal activation of ERK5 transcriptional activation. The Ser731 and Thr733 sites were previously shown to be ERK5 autophosphorylation sites in vitro and also in ERK5-overexpressing cells.Our data coincide with a recent study examining whole protein phosphorylation in HeLa cells arrested in G1 and mitotic phases [37] reported that Ser731 and Thr733, as well as Ser720, are phosphorylated in ERK5 during mitosis. We also identified two unreported ERK5 phosphorylation sites, Ser567 and Ser803." SIGNOR-259821 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY -1 8413257 t lperfetto "Raf-1 phosphorylation of MEK activated it, as judged by its ability to stimulate the phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by glutathione S-transferase-ERK1." SIGNOR-39054 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Ile-tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29160 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269552 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14699954 t "inferred from 70% family members" amattioni "The targets of jnk include the transcription factors p53. P75ntr-mediated apoptosis was shown to be dependent of p53" SIGNOR-269985 TTN protein Q8WZ42 UNIPROT TCAP protein O15273 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser157 GALRRSLsRSMSQEA 10090 9804419 t lperfetto "These data indicate that the activation of titin kinase in differentiating myocytes and the resulting phosphorylation of telethonin are involved in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton during myofibrillogenesis." SIGNOR-246925 GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT SEMA3C protein Q99985 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 19666519 f lperfetto "Genes encoding the neurovascular guiding molecule semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) and its receptor plexin A2 (PLXNA2) appear to be regulated directly by GATA6, and both GATA6 mutant proteins failed to transactivate these genes." SIGNOR-253150 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 f apalma "Once in the nucleus, NF-kB can induce the transcription of iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1, which may then promote further NF-kB activation, as well as elevate the expression of other inflammatory mediators such as CCL2 and IL-6." SIGNOR-255355 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser485 QDNGAEDsGDTEDEL 9606 20471329 t lperfetto "Xrcc1 phosphorylation by ck2 is required for its stability and efficient dna repair" SIGNOR-165419 CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 32071327 t miannu "Thalidomide-induced teratogenicity is dependent on its binding to cereblon (CRBN), the substrate receptor of the Cul4A-DDB1-CRBN-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Thalidomide binding to CRBN elicits subsequent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of CRBN neosubstrates including SALL4, a transcription factor of which polymorphisms phenocopy thalidomide-induced limb defects in humans." SIGNOR-272206 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT HPGD protein P15428 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19010907 f miannu "We show an interaction between Snail and HDAC2 and the binding of HDAC2 to the 15-PGDH promoter. These data suggest that class I HDACs, specifically HDAC2, and the transcriptional repressor Snail play a central role in the suppression of 15-PGDH expression." SIGNOR-254237 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270720 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr340 RGQRDSSyYWEIEAS 10090 BTO:0001482 8876196 t " JAK2 phosphorylated Raf-1. e sites at 340/341 are indeed phosphorylated by JAK2 and that this phosphorylation represents a major component of the activation process." SIGNOR-251361 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser511 DSPFYRDsLPGSQRK 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Here we show that ikkbeta, a major downstream kinase in the tnfalpha signaling pathway, physically interacts with and phosphorylates tsc1 at ser487 and ser511, resulting in suppression of tsc1phosphorylation of tsc2 (by akt and erk;refs. 28, 29) and tsc1(by ikkbeta;ref. 30) results in the disruption of the tsc1/2 complex, and thereby activates the oncogenic mtor signaling contributing to tumor progression." SIGNOR-183692 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT SOX3 protein P41225 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268920 BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30921702 f miannu " KDM5C was transcriptionally upregulated by bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), and knockdown KDM5C sensitized the therapeutic effects of CRPC cells to the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitor. " SIGNOR-264311 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser403 DDSTLSEsANQVFLG -1 12023960 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that in addition to phosphorylating S6K1 and SGK1 at their hydrophobic motif, NEK6 also phosphorylates S6K1 at two other sites and phosphorylates SGK1 at one other site in vitro. Analysis of the peptides phosphorylated by NEK6 (Fig 2), performed in the present study has confirmed this, and identified two novel sites on S6K1 (Ser53 and Ser403) as major sites of NEK6 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-262953 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser126 VKRERTSsLTQFPPS 9606 18280241 t llicata "Akt regulates ranbp3 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-252504 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 18334649 t miannu " Itch catalyzed ubiquitination of ErbB4 CYT-1, promoted its localization into intracellular vesicles, and stimulated degradation of ErbB4 CYT-1" SIGNOR-271416 TMOD1 protein P28289 UNIPROT TPM3 protein P06753 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 8002995 t irozzo "Tropomodulin is a 40.6-kDa protein that binds to one end of the rod-like tropomyosin and inhibits its cooperativity and binding to actin. [.] we demonstrate that it is the N-terminus of tropomyosin that interacts with tropomodulin. Among several tropomyosin isoforms tested, hTM5 encoded by the human gamma-tropomyosin gene has the highest affinity toward human erythrocyte tropomodulin." SIGNOR-259111 INTS10 protein Q9NVR2 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261473 MCU_MICUB_variant complex SIGNOR-C499 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270864 RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT UNC13B protein O14795 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264383 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. Each receptor has two binding sites for glycine and two binding sites for glutamate" SIGNOR-264130 ISCU protein Q9H1K1 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial Fe-S Cluster Assembly Complex" complex SIGNOR-C276 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27519411 t lperfetto "As the architecture of the human machinery remains undefined, we co-expressed in Escherichia coli the following four proteins involved in the initial step of Fe-S cluster synthesis: FXN42-210 (iron donor); [NFS1]·[ISD11] (sulfur donor); and ISCU (scaffold upon which new clusters are assembled). We purified a stable, active complex consisting of all four proteins with 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry." SIGNOR-262128 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10480932 t lperfetto "We have found that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and its direct activator MKK6 are rapidly activated in response to TGF-beta." SIGNOR-70607 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT BRMS1 protein Q9HCU9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser30 MNGEEEEsEEERSGS -1 26980766 t miannu "We show that BRMS1 is posttranslationally regulated by TNF-induced casein kinase 2 catalytic subunit (CK2α') phosphorylation of nuclear BRMS1 on serine 30 (S30), resulting in 14-3-3ε-mediated nuclear exportation, increased BRMS1 cytosolic expression, and ubiquitin-proteasome-induced BRMS1 degradation." SIGNOR-266407 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr288 APSSRRTtLCGTLDY -1 11039908 t miannu "Aurora2 is regulated by phosphorylation. phosphorylation occurs on a conserved residue, Threonine 288, within the activation loop of the catalytic domain of the kinase and results in a significant increase in the enzymatic activity. Threonine 288 resides within a consensus motif for the cAMP dependent kinase and can be phosphorylated by PKA in vitro." SIGNOR-250337 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 9625767 t gcesareni "Il-1 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of signaling events, including activation of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 map kinase, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab)." SIGNOR-58122 CXCL12 protein P48061 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000093 15882617 f lperfetto "Stromal fibroblast-derived SDF-1 enhances tumor growth both by stimulating angiogenesis through recruiting circulating EPCs into the tumor mass (endocrine effect) and by direct paracrine stimulation of tumor cells through CXCR4 expressed on carcinoma cells" SIGNOR-252267 RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "The Rab proteins primarily localized to the EE include Rab5 and Rab4, which regulate distinct early endocytic events. In addition to these two Rab proteins, some of the other less well-characterized Rabs at the EE include Rab10 , Rab14 , Rab21 and Rab22" SIGNOR-260616 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys126 DNEKDLVkLAKRLKK -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10). Two additional Lys residues (Lys-126 and -135) were ubiquitinated by E6AP." SIGNOR-272746 MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256795 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16797541 t miannu "Here we identify FBX33 as a component of an SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase that targets the multifunctional regulator Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1)/dbpB/p50 for polyubiquitination and destruction by the proteasome. By targeting YB-1 for proteasomal degradation, FBX33 negatively interferes with YB-1 mediated functions.  FBX33 recruits Skp-1/Cul1 to YB-1" SIGNOR-271606 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000318 8378084 t miannu "CRE-BPa specifically binds to CRE as a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun or CRE-BP1. In CAT cotransfection experiments using CV-1 cells, transient expression of each of four CRE-BPa proteins caused a 1.6- to 3.4-fold increase of CRE-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-219655 SF3A3 protein Q12874 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270663 CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 17942113 f miannu "C-reactive protein (CRP), a cardiovascular risk marker, induces endothelial dysfunction. CRP decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). CRP treatment significantly decreased levels of BH4 thereby promoting eNOS uncoupling. we found that CRP decreased the eNOS dimer/monomer ratio further supporting eNOS uncoupling." SIGNOR-252217 HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257290 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser615 VPESSKIsQENEIGK 9606 10839545 t lperfetto "In vivo, nbs was phosphorylated on many serine residues, of which s343, s397 and s615 were phosphorylated by atm in vitro. Reconstituting nbs cells with a mutant form of nbs that cannot be phosphorylated at selected, atm-dependent serine residues led to a specific reduction in clonogenic survival after gamma-radiation." SIGNOR-78034 CDH23 protein Q9H251 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265861 dacomitinib chemical CHEBI:132268 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 23405260 t gcesareni "The goal of this study was to compare dacomitinib (pf-00299804), a next generation small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that irreversibly blocks multiple her family receptors (her-1 (egfr), her-2 and her-4 tyrosine kinases), to cetuximab, the current fda approved anti-egfr medication for hnscc and erlotinib, an egfr specific small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor." SIGNOR-200902 C5AR2 protein Q9P296 UNIPROT SELL protein P14151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263467 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NACA protein E9PAV3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr2022 NIQENTQtPTVQEES 9606 BTO:0000007 15005626 t gcesareni "Gsk3 beta-dependent phosphorylation of the alpha nac coactivator regulates its nuclear translocation and proteasome-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-123262 P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256788 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser211 LVGVTSSsCPADLTQ 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C3 22692423 t gcesareni "Our data points to the lysosome as the site where mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB occurs. [...]Our study has revealed a specific role for phosphorylation of TFEB S211 in the negative regulation of the nuclear abundance of TFEB. This occurs through the promotion of 14-3-3 binding and the masking of the nearby NLS on TFEB." SIGNOR-248274 MARCHF8 protein Q5T0T0 UNIPROT HLA-DRB3 protein P79483 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys254 FIYFRNQkGHSGLQP 9606 19117940 t miannu "Two E3 ligases, MARCH I and MARCH VIII, have been shown to polyubiquitinate lysine residue 225 in the cytoplasmic tail of I-Abeta and HLA-DRbeta. We show that lysine residue 219 in the cytoplasmic tail of DRalpha is also subject to polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-271408 GUCY1A1 protein Q02108 UNIPROT GUCY1A3-B2 complex SIGNOR-C139 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "This enzyme is a heterodimeric protein consisting of - and ²-subunits, and expression of both subunits is required for catalytic activity" SIGNOR-244116 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269634 HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT Hemoglobin complex SIGNOR-C209 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18179859 t miannu "AHSP does not bind to β-hemoglobin (βHb) or the hemoglobin tetramer, instead, it specifically binds to free αHb, avoiding its precipitation and its pro-oxidant activity. In the presence of βHb, the αHb-AHSP complex is dismembered and βHb displaces AHSP to generate the quaternary structure of hemoglobin" SIGNOR-255274 ERGIC1 protein Q969X5 UNIPROT ERGIC3 protein Q9Y282 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 15308636 t Giorgia "Among novel cycling proteins we have characterized ERGIC-32, a new ERGIC protein that interacts with human Erv46, a protein previously characterized in yeast and functioning in ER to Golgi protein trafficking. ERGIC-32 interacts with human Erv46 (hErv46) as revealed by covalent cross-linking and mistargeting experiments, and silencing of ERGIC-32 by small interfering RNAs increases the turnover of hErv46. We propose that ERGIC-32 functions as a modulator of the hErv41-hErv46 complex by stabilizing hErv46." SIGNOR-260637 WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys408 ANRRLASkTQEAQAG 9606 BTO:0000007 34404733 t lperfetto "AMOTL2 mono-ubiquitination by WWP1 promotes contact inhibition by facilitating LATS activation|Here, we provide evidence that the E3 ligase WWP1 (WW-domain containing protein 1) mono-ubiquitinates AMOTL2 (angiomotin-like 2) at K347 and K408." SIGNOR-271874 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 PGTALVGsQKEPSEV 9606 10617144 t fspada "In this study, we showed that the pkc-mediated phosphorylation of hmg-i exerted a very potent inhibition on the binding of this protein to the at-rich promoter regions of both pkc g and ng genes. The purified hmg-i can be phosphorylated by pkc a,b, g, and d but is poorly phosphorylated by pkc e and z. We have mapped two major sites of phosphorylation by pkc at ser44 and ser64" SIGNOR-73606 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT UGT1A4 protein P22310 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 19546240 f miannu "our data indicate that up-regulation of UGT1A4 expression by E(2) is mediated by both ER alpha and Sp1 and is a potential mechanism contributing to the enhanced elimination of lamotrigine in pregnancy." SIGNOR-254076 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CACNB1 protein Q02641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser161 CEVGFIPsPVKLDSL 9534 BTO:0000298 16406008 t miannu "Thus, Ser-447 on Ca(v)2.2 and Ser-161 and Ser-348 of Ca(v)beta1b appear to be both necessary and sufficient for ERK-dependent modulation of these channels. Together, our data strongly suggest that modulation of neuronal N-type VDCCs by ERK involves phosphorylation of Ca(v)2.2alpha1 and to a lesser extent possibly also Ca(v)beta subunits. On the basis of the evidence presented here, it is therefore suggested that ERK-dependent up-regulation of Cav2.2 channels is primarily mediated by phosphorylation of Ser-447 on the I–II loop of Cav2.2 and possibly also the two SP sites conserved on Cavβs." SIGNOR-262966 RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT LARP4B protein Q92615 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005238 20573744 t miannu "Here we show that LARP4B is a cytoplasmic protein that co-sediments with polysomes and accumulates upon stress induction in stress granules. Biochemical studies further show that the protein interacts with two key factors of the translational machinery, namely, the cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein (PABPC1) and the receptor for activated C Kinase (RACK1). The biochemical and functional data of LARP4B presented in this study suggest a possible mode of action of LARP4B in translation. Assuming that LARP4B interacts with mRNA-associated PABPC1 and RACK1 simultaneously, it may form a bridge between the 3′ end of mRNAs and the initiating ribosome. This process would lead to mRNA circularization, possibly in an analogous way as it has been described for PABPC1 and eIF4G, the scaffold protein of the cap-binding complex." SIGNOR-260941 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 increased foxo3's ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-252938 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001033 26512963 t miannu "DAB2IP could interact with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via its unique PR domain and suppress STAT3 phosphorylation and transactivation, leading to the inhibition of survivin expression in PCa cells." SIGNOR-254761 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18676376 f gcesareni "€ provide a novel transcriptional paradigm for the first steps of myogenesis, where a calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway regulates myogenin induction in cooperation with MyoD during myogenesis." SIGNOR-235009 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT KIR3DL1 protein P43629 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser415 QRKITRPsQRPKTPP 9606 17911614 t gcesareni "Functional studies of the wild-type receptor and serine/threonine mutants indicated that phosphorylation of ser(394) by protein kinase c slightly suppresses kir3dl1 inhibitory function, and reduces receptor internalization and turnover." SIGNOR-158129 PHF5A protein Q7RTV0 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270670 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr178 NHNHRIRtNPAIVKT 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 SIGNOR-C15 17609368 t lperfetto "Ampk phosphorylates pgc-1alpha directly both in vitro and in cells. These direct phosphorylations of the pgc-1alpha protein at threonine-177 and serine-538." SIGNOR-156780 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT NEUROD4 protein Q9HD90 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268898 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser717 KDGGPVTsQESGQKL 9606 16943440 t lperfetto "In the present study, we identify two novel dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites on fancd2, threonine 691 and serine 717. Atr phosphorylates fancd2 on these two sites, thereby promoting fancd2 monoubiquitination and enhancing cellular resistance to dna cross-linking agents" SIGNOR-149305 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT ALPL protein P05186 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19175684 f gcesareni "Wnt3a and bmp-9 enhanced each other's ability to induce alp in mscs." SIGNOR-183538 RPL24 protein P83731 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262475 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 GDSCPHGsPQGPLAP 12818176 t miannu "JNKs specifically phosphorylate BIMEL at Ser55, 65, and/or 73. several observations demonstrate that the phosphorylation of BIMEL is a physiologically important mechanism for enhancing its proapoptotic activity." SIGNOR-250134 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser689 SQPGQLMsQPSTASN 9606 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251279 HNuRF complex SIGNOR-C448 SIGNOR Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 14609955 f miannu "Human NURF (hNURF) is enriched in brain, and we demonstrate that it regulates human Engrailed, a homeodomain protein that regulates neuronal development in the mid-hindbrain. Furthermore, we show that hNURF potentiates neurite outgrowth in cell culture. Taken together, our data suggess a role for an ISWI complex in neuronal growth." SIGNOR-268838 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" miannu "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on AML1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of AML1c in K562 and 293T cells (27).4 Mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein. The presence of these mutations results in an increase in the amount of ubiquitinated AML1c in the matrix, and increases the half-life of this insoluble AML1c. One possible model to explain these observations is that phosphorylation might be necessary for the normal process of both proteasome degradation and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-138985 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15526160 t miannu "C-Kit stimulates rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2. JAK2 was found to be constitutively associated with c-Kit, with increased association after ligand stimulation of c-Kit" SIGNOR-254954 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser128 LVDTASPsPMETSGC 9606 BTO:0000567 11242082 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin b1 is central to its nuclear translocationduring cell-cycle progression in hela cells, a change in the kinase activity of endogenous plk1 toward s147 and/or s133 correlates with a kinase activity in the cell extractsa mutant cyclin b1 in which s133 and s147 are replaced by alanines remains in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type cyclin b1 accumulates in the nucleus during prophase.Together, these results suggest that phosphorylation of s133 and s147 is necessary for the nuclear translocation of cyclin b1 during prophase, and that phosphorylation of s126 and s128 may stimulate the nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-105711 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TBX3 protein O15119 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser719 AEKEAATsELQSIQR 9606 25595898 t lperfetto "We have identified TBX3 as a key substrate of AKT3 in melanomagenesis. we have identified the AKT3 target site at serine residue 720 in the TBX3 protein and show that this site is phosphorylated in vivo. the phosphorylation at S720 promotes TBX3 protein stability, nuclear localization, transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, and its role in cell migration and invasion." SIGNOR-244353 Tosedostat chemical CID:15547703 PUBCHEM ANPEP protein P15144 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207372 BBS1 protein Q8NFJ9 UNIPROT "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 19081074 t lperfetto "We recently showed that seven highly conserved BBS proteins form a stable complex, the BBSome, that functions in membrane trafficking to and inside the primary cilium.|As a first step in characterizing this protein, we investigated the biochemical properties of its binding to the core BBSome (previously defined as the BBS1, -2, -4, -5, -7, -8, and -9 complex). We subjected the native LAP-BBS4 eluate to velocity sedimentation analysis (Figure 1C). BBIP10 clearly cosedimented with BBS4 at 14S, suggesting that BBIP10 strongly associates with the core BBSome" SIGNOR-262558 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser321 NSNASTVsGRLSPIM 9606 20110348 t lperfetto "Casein kinase (ck) 1 mediates the hierarchical phosphorylation of foxo3a at s318 and s321, which like foxo1 (rena et al., 2002 blue right-pointing triangle, 2004 blue right-pointing triangle), is probably to enhance its rate of nuclear export" SIGNOR-252900 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr487 SLSNIDFyAQVSDIT 10029 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248419 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr102 RAAMFPEtLDEGMQI 9606 BTO:0000007 12432063 t llicata "We show that CKII phosphorylates the N-terminal region of beta-catenin and we identified Ser29, Thr102, and Thr112 as substrates for the enzyme. We provide evidence that CKII regulates the cytoplasmic stability of beta-catenin and acts synergistically with GSK-3beta in the multi-protein complex that controls the degradation of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-251066 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT TNFRSF12A protein Q9NP84 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254837 Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR "form complex" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270839 N-[4-[(2-amino-3-chloro-4-pyridinyl)oxy]-3-fluorophenyl]-4-ethoxy-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91409 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190404 HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257216 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EXOSC9 protein Q06265 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser392 QDAPIILsDSEEEEM 9606 19217413 t lperfetto "Indeed recombinant pmscl1 undergoes ck2-mediated phosphorylation in vitro at various serine residues, including serines 409 and 411, which reside within the phosphosim region. the exchange of hydrophobic core residues or serines 409 and 411 to alanine attenuates binding of sumo to the phosphosim-containing fragment of pmscl1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay" SIGNOR-184031 ADORA1 protein P30542 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256697 G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24769394 t miannu "The major NADPH-producing enzymes in the cell are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), malic enzyme (ME) in the pyruvate cycling pathway, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle" SIGNOR-267052 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr423 NSLNEEWyVSYITRP 9606 BTO:0000782 8702662 t lperfetto "A fourth peptide derived from slp-76 encompassing tyr residues 423 and 426 was also phosphorylated by zap-70 but with a 10-15-fold lesser efficiency compared to tyr-113, _128, and _145. Phosphorylation of slp-76 by the zap-70 protein-tyrosine kinase is required for t-cell receptor function" SIGNOR-42972 ANKRD1 protein Q15327 UNIPROT NPPA protein P01160 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 18273862 t "In vitro calpain-mediated degradation assays, coupled to reporter gene analysis in transfected HeLa cells, strongly suggested that this mutation enhances both the stability of the ANKRD1/CARP protein and its transcriptional repression activity upon the cardiac-specific atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promoter." SIGNOR-253647 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258262 SCHEMBL14517914 chemical CID:10016910 PUBCHEM CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Xl844 (exelixis) a potent atp-competitive inhibitor of chk1 (ki, 2.2nm) and chk2 (ki, 0.07nm)." SIGNOR-163234 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser218 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 10090 BTO:0000944 8131746 t lperfetto "Activation of mek family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved ser/thr residueserine residues 218 and 222 of human mek1 are the primary sites for phosphorylation by c-raf." SIGNOR-235475 dothiepin chemical CHEBI:36798 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "At the human norepinephrine transporter, among the antidepressants desipramine was the most potent with a KD=0.83±0.05 nM. All the tetracyclic antidepressants, except mirtazapine, which is a structural analog of mianserin, were more potent at the norepinephrine transporter than at the serotonin transporter. Tomoxetine, considered from animal data to be very selective for the norepinephrine transporter, had high affinity for the human norepinephrine transporter (KD=2.03±0.06 nM). However, at the human serotonin transporter, tomoxetine was nearly as potent and close to that for dothiepin and venlafaxine. Venlafaxine, considered a serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was very weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. Its KD value was 5× less that than for norepinephrine. All of the serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, with the exception of paroxetine, were also weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. " SIGNOR-258878 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21761340 t lperfetto "The prostate-specific TMPRSS2 gene, while upregulated by AR activity in luminal cells, is also transcribed in basal populations, confirming that AR acts as an expression modulator." SIGNOR-253687 PIK-90 chemical CID:6857685 PUBCHEM PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206223 PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 18042541 t gcesareni "Regulation of phosphorylation of Thr-308 of Akt, cell proliferation, and survival by the B55alpha regulatory subunit targeting of the protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme to Akt.|Phosphorylation of Akt at regulatory residues Thr-308 and Ser-473 leads to its full activation. The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has long been known to negatively regulate Akt activity. The PP2A holoenzyme consists of the structural |Here we report the identification of the specific B regulatory subunit that targets the PP2A holoenzyme to Akt. We found endogenous association of PP2A AB55C holoenzymes with Akt by co-immunoprecipitation analyses in pro-lymphoid FL5.12 cells.subunit (A), catalytic subunit (C), and a variable regulatory subunit (B)." SIGNOR-243526 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 16076840 t gcesareni "The gsk-3 inhibitor lithium chloride was used to determine the role of gsk-3 in phosphorylation of ser-102, -104, and -106 and ser-118 in vivo and to explore the role of these serines in the regulation of eralpha function. Treatment of cells with lithium chloride resulted in dephosphorylation of ser-104 and -106 and ser-118, which suggests these serine residues as targets for gsk-3 in vivo. Our results further suggest that eralpha phosphorylation by gsk-3 stabilizes eralpha under resting conditions and modulates eralpha transcriptional activity upon ligand binding. Estradiol and phorbol ester cause phosphorylation of serine 118 in the human estrogen receptor. Potentiation of human estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation through phosphorylation of serines 104 and 106 by the cyclin a-cdk2 complex." SIGNOR-139320 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1214 VCDPKFHyDNTAGIS 9606 BTO:0000007 18840653 t "We show that a TCPTP substrate-trapping mutant interacts with VEGFR2. Moreover, TCPTP dephosphorylates VEGFR2 in a phosphosite-specific manner, inhibits its kinase activity and prevents its internalization from the cell surface. |The autophosphorylation sites Tyr1054/1059 and Tyr1214 were dephosphorylated by TCPTP (Fig. 4B). Tyr996, the functional significance of which is currently uncertain (Olsson et al., 2006), was a TCPTP target as well." SIGNOR-248401 "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR RAB8A protein P61006 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17574030 t lperfetto "Interestingly, the BBSome is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome." SIGNOR-262562 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser166 LGARAKEsLDLRAHL -1 11121119 t lperfetto "In addition to the established phosphorylation sites (S22 and S23) we found that S38 and S165 were the other two main sites of phosphorylation. | Overphosphorylation of troponin I reduced its affinity for troponin C, as measured by isothermal titration microcalorimetry. Phosphorylation of S22/23A also decreased its affinity for troponin C indicating that phosphorylation of S38 and/or S165 impedes binding of troponin I to troponin C. Formation of a troponin I/troponin C complex prior to cAMP-dependent protein kinase treatment did not prevent overphosphorylation." SIGNOR-249069 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT FAF1 protein Q9UNN5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser289 ITDVHMVsDSDGDDF 9606 18790738 t llicata "This study reports that aurora-a (aur-a) phosphorylates fas-associated factor-1 (faf1) at ser-289 and ser-29 our findings support the negative feedback regulation of aur-a via phosphorylation of the death-promoting protein, faf1" SIGNOR-180887 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1892 TPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269346 SNUPN protein O95149 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 9670026 t miannu "Here, we describe the isolation and cDNA cloning of a 45 kDa protein, termed snurportin1, which interacts specifically with m3G-cap but not m7G-cap structures. Snurportin1 enhances the m3G-capdependent nuclear import of U snRNPs in both Xenopus laevis oocytes and digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells, demonstrating that it functions as an snRNP-specific nuclear import receptor." SIGNOR-272080 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR CCNF protein P41002 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 27653696 t miannu "We show that cyclin F, a cell-cycle-regulated substrate receptor (F-box protein) for the SCF, is targeted for degradation by APC/C. Furthermore, we establish that Cdh1 is itself a substrate of SCF(cyclin F). Cyclin F loss impairs Cdh1 degradation and delays S-phase entry, and this delay is reversed by simultaneous removal of Cdh1." SIGNOR-266362 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1166 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL -1 7493944 t lperfetto "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246268 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9534 BTO:0004055 8137421 t lperfetto "The jnk-mediated phosphorylation of both ser63 and ser73 within the transactivation domain of c-jun potentiates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252354 FKBP5 protein Q13451 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000142 30685540 f Luana "Loss of FKBP5 Affects Neuron Synaptic Plasticity | In this study, a reduction in LTP in Fkbp5 knockout (KO) mice was observed when compared to WT mice, which correlated with changes to the glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling pathways." SIGNOR-265798 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser271 ISGRLVDsKAKTRSA 9606 9312068 t lperfetto "Here we show that jnkk2, a novel member of the map kinase kinase family, was phosphorylated and activated by mekk1" SIGNOR-51207 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr573 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9606 9687510 t lperfetto "Thus, MAPK1/ERK1 and MAPK2/ERK2 activate three closely related protein kinases known as MAPK_activated protein kinases_1a, _1b and _1c (MAPKAP_K1a/b/c; also known as RSK1/2/3)" SIGNOR-252753 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8142649 f Regulation miannu "Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta) have both been shown to act on hematopoietic progenitor cells. bFGF antagonized the TGF-beta-mediated induction of hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner, with 0.1 ng/mL bFGF inhibiting hemoglobin induction by 40% and 10 ng/mL bFGF completely abrogating hemoglobin production." SIGNOR-251796 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000599 10915800 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Map kinases erk1/2 phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp)-1a at serine 117 in vitro. mutation of serine 117 to alanine abolished erk2-mediated phosphorylation in vitro and the map kinase-related transcriptional activation of srebp-1a by insulin and platelet-derived growth factor in vivo." SIGNOR-270081 TARS1 protein P26639 UNIPROT tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29180 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25824639 t miannu "Here we show, using X-ray crystal structures and functional analyses, that a single molecule of borrelidin simultaneously occupies four distinct subsites within the catalytic domain of bacterial and human ThrRSs. These include the three substrate-binding sites for amino acid, ATP and tRNA associated with aminoacylation, and a fourth 'orthogonal' subsite created as a consequence of binding." SIGNOR-270501 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17526 ChEBI "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260675 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT ING4 protein Q9UNL4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255096 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser759 SSSQRAAsLDSVATS 25998128 t lperfetto "AMOTL2 is phosphorylated at serine 760 by mTORC2. Mutation of AMOTL2 mimicking constitutive Ser(760) phosphorylation blocks its ability to bind and repress YAP leading to increased relative expression of known YAP gene targets." SIGNOR-272086 HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT HSPA6 protein P17066 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12813038 f miannu "These experiments suggest that HSF2 is involved in the stress response, but unlike the ubiquitous HSF1 operates in a cell-line specific manner through differential expression of alternatively spliced isoforms. Curiously, HSF2A could not be activated by heat shock in cells deficient in functional HSF1 and required the expression of HSF1 for heat induction of the hsp70B gene in cells." SIGNOR-254477 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H2AC4 protein P04908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation "Lys 10" GRGKQGGkARAKAKT 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-263863 MPHOSPH10 protein O00566 UNIPROT IMP4 protein Q96G21 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 28813493 t miannu "Mpp10 represents a platform for the interaction of multiple factors within the 90S pre-ribosome. In eukaryotes, ribosome assembly is a highly complex process that involves more than 200 assembly factors that ensure the folding, modification and processing of the different rRNA species as well as the timely association of ribosomal proteins. One of these factors, Mpp10 associates with Imp3 and Imp4 to form a complex that is essential for the normal production of the 18S rRNA." SIGNOR-261174 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1675 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120100 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT ACVR1/BMPR2 complex SIGNOR-C30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165 11282024 t lperfetto "Bmp-4 and gdf-5 are known to bind to activin receptor-like kinase 3 (alk-3) and/or alk-6 (also termed bmp type ia and type ib receptors, respectively), whereas bmp-6 and bmp-7 preferentially bind to alk-2" SIGNOR-235364 "GABA-B receptor" complex SIGNOR-C336 SIGNOR GNB/GNG complex SIGNOR-C202 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20655485 t miannu "The main G b/g-dependent effectors of presynaptic GABAB receptors are P/Q-and N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. GABAB receptors inhibit these Ca2+ channels at excitatory and inhibitory terminals, thereby restricting neurotransmitter release." SIGNOR-265068 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9615 9312063 t lperfetto "Our analysis of the regulation of dpc4 transcriptional activity by c-jun was consistent with the possibility that c-jun and dpc4 could interact and produce trans-activation of the 3tp-lux reporter." SIGNOR-236139 TCAP protein O15273 UNIPROT Sarcomere_organization phenotype SIGNOR-PH165 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 9804419 t lperfetto "The giant muscle protein titin (connectin) is essential in the temporal and spatial control of the assembly of the highly ordered sarcomeres (contractile units) of striated muscle. " SIGNOR-264855 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr450 TAQMITItPPDQDDS 9606 20186153 t gcesareni "Akt activation is achieved through a series of phosphorylation steps, the first being akt phosphorylation at thr-450 by jnk kinases. Pp-1 acts as a major phosphatase to dephosphorylate akt at thr-450 and thus modulate its functions." SIGNOR-163965 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9727023 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85. it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner. lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k we show here, however, that in vivo there are marked quantitative differences in the ability of ki- and ha-ras to activate raf-1 and phosphoinositide 3 kinase. the mechanism of raf-1 activation is complex, but it is clear that one important role of ras is to recruit raf-1 to the plasma membrane where a series of events is initiated that ultimately leads to full raf-1 activation. These events include tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphorylation plus interactions with ras, phospholipids, 14-3-3 proteins and their associated proteins, and possibly dimerization." SIGNOR-59816 "Immune complexes" stimulus SIGNOR-ST15 SIGNOR FCAR protein P24071 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 12768205 f lperfetto "Both monomeric and dimeric IgA can bind to FcalphaRI, and monomeric or dimeric IgA immune complexes can activate phagocytosis and other immune responses through the clustering of FcalphaRI" SIGNOR-264859 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21840486 t gcesareni "Here, we show that klhl20, a cullin3 (cul3) substrate adaptor induced by hif-1, coordinates with the actions of cdk1/2 and pin1 to mediate hypoxia-induced pml proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-176033 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1003 VSNESVDyRATFPED -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254712 USP15 protein Q9Y4E8 UNIPROT BRAP protein Q7Z569 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23105109 t miannu "Here we report on a novel interaction between the E3 ligase BRAP (also referred to as IMP), a negative regulator of the MAPK scaffold protein KSR, and two closely related deubiquitylases, USP15 and USP4. USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15." SIGNOR-272030 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR METTL1 protein Q9UBP6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 YYRQRAHsNPMADHT 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 15861136 t gcesareni "Pkb and ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) both phosphorylated mettl1 at ser27 in vitro." SIGNOR-252800 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr58 KKFELLPtPPLSPSR 9606 16023596 t gcesareni "Similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-138603 MT-ND1 protein P03886 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The Q-module is built through the association of NDUFA5, NDUFS2 and NDUFS3 plus NDUFS7 and NDUFS8. The chaperones NDUFAF3/C3ORF60 and NDUFAF4/C6ORF66 [36,37] remain bound to this module until the final assembly steps [34]. NDUFAF6/C8ORF38 [38] also seems to participate in the assembly of the Q-module [24,39]. NDUFAF3, 4 and 6, are necessary to maintain normal MT-ND1 synthesis [40,41]. NDUFAF5 adds a hydroxyl group to Arg73 of NDUFS7 [42] and NDUFAF7 dimethylates NDUFS2 in Arg85 [43], an essential modification for cI assembly [44]. NUBPL/IND1 delivers [4Fe–4S] clusters specifically to the N- and Q-module subunits [45,46]." SIGNOR-262143 SLC36A4 protein Q6YBV0 UNIPROT proline smallmolecule CHEBI:26271 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 8355 21097500 t lperfetto "HPAT4 in Xenopus oocytes mediated sodium-independent, electroneutral uptake of [(3)H]proline, with the highest rate of uptake when the uptake medium pH was 7.4 and an affinity of 3.13 μM. Tryptophan was also an excellently transported substrate with a similarly high affinity (1.72 μM)." SIGNOR-264736 HSD17B1 protein P14061 UNIPROT 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 8994190 t Luana "Human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) type 1 catalyzes the conversion of the low activity estrogen, estrone, into highly active estradiol, both in the gonads and in target tissues. " SIGNOR-269760 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser77 YEPEGSAsPTPPYLK 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248552 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 VSHWQQQsYLDSGIH 9606 BTO:0000007 12432063 t llicata "We show that CKII phosphorylates the N-terminal region of beta-catenin and we identified Ser29, Thr102, and Thr112 as substrates for the enzyme. We provide evidence that CKII regulates the cytoplasmic stability of beta-catenin and acts synergistically with GSK-3beta in the multi-protein complex that controls the degradation of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-251065 trimipramine chemical CHEBI:9738 ChEBI SLC6A3 protein Q01959 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9537821 t miannu "At the human dopamine transporter, sertraline and nomifensine were the most potent with KD's of 25±2 and 56±3, respectively. Except for these two compounds, most antidepressants were not potent at the human dopamine transporter." SIGNOR-258740 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AQP5 protein P55064 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser156 STDSRRTsPVGSPAL 9606 BTO:0000007 26569106 t lperfetto "AQP5 can be directly phosphorylated by PKA at Ser 156 |Our data hint at a mechanism whereby phosphorylation of Ser 156 in AQP5 increases its membrane localization, thereby enhancing cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-272088 TINF2 protein Q9BSI4 UNIPROT "Shelterin complex" complex SIGNOR-C306 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15383534 t lperfetto "Telosome, a mammalian telomere-associated complex formed by multiple telomeric proteins|Gel filtration reveals a complex consisting of POT1 , RAP1, TRF1, ACD, TERF2 and TINF2 proteins." SIGNOR-263320 RBM8A protein Q9Y5S9 UNIPROT "Exon junction complex" complex SIGNOR-C369 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16923391 t miannu "The EJC is deposited onto mRNA during splicing and is transported to the cytoplasm where it influences translation, surveillance, and localization of the spliced mRNA. The complex is formed by the association of four proteins (eIF4AIII, Barentsz [Btz], Mago, and Y14), mRNA, and ATP." SIGNOR-265242 EIF3E protein P60228 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "translation regulation" 9606 "BTO:0000815; BTO:0001938" 20453879 f irozzo "Validated mRNA targets regulated positively at the translational level by eIF3e included urokinase-type plasminogen activator and apoptotic regulator BCL-XL, whereas synthesis of proteins including the mitotic checkpoint component MAD2L1 was negatively regulated. Taken together, our study data suggest that eIF3e has a positive role in breast cancer progression." SIGNOR-259156 Quadazocine chemical CID:115077 PUBCHEM OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258419 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 15730925 f irozzo "PKC-alpha asODN (antisense oligonucleotides) could inhibit the growth and proliferation of HepG2 and induce its apoptosis by blocking the cell signal transduction related to PKC-alpha in vitro, and may be potentially used in the prevention and management of recurrent and metastatic HCC." SIGNOR-256267 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 10712517 t ggiuliani "Using several complementary approaches, we investigated the formation of homomeric and heteromeric complexes between the two known BMP type I receptors (BR-Ia and BR-Ib) and the BMP type II receptor (BR-II). Coimmunoprecipitation studies detected the formation of heteromeric and homomeric complexes among all the BMP receptor types even in the absence of ligand." SIGNOR-255781 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser33 GFGSPAPsQAEKKSR 9606 19843584 t llicata "Atr phosphorylates s33 in response to replication stress" SIGNOR-188666 HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT HOXA2 protein O43364 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 17174306 f lperfetto "In the present study, we show that hnRNP-U specifically enhances the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA by increasing its stability, possibly through binding to the 3' untranslated region. We also show that hnRNP-U enhances the expression of several other genes as well, including GADD45A, HEXIM1, HOXA2, IER3, NHLH2, and ZFY, by binding to and stabilizing these mRNAs." SIGNOR-262284 somatostatin smallmolecule CHEBI:64628 ChEBI SSTR3 protein P32745 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257583 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1474 GSSNGHVyEKLSSIE -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254702 EGLN1 protein Q9GZT9 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" hydroxylation 9606 BTO:0000567 32755251 t lperfetto "Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of erythropoiesis. In this article, we report 3 novel mutations, P378S, A385T, and G206C, on the EGLN1 gene encoding the negative HIF-1α regulator prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 (PHD2) in 3 patients with isolated erythrocytosis. These mutations impair PHD2 protein stability and partially reduce PHD2 activity, leading to increased HIF-1α protein levels in cultured cells.|Oxygen-dependent hydroxylation by the prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 (PHD2) protein marks HIF-1alpha for ubiquitination by the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein, leading to proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-261994 "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-268799 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser77 SSTDSYSsAASYTDS 9534 17635105 t lperfetto "Residue 68 resides in a consensus phosphorylation site for PKD (Figure 1A) [22,23]. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Ser68 could allow for subsequent phosphorylation of Ser71, Ser74, Ser77 and Ser80 by CK1, for which the consensus phosphorylation site is pS/T-X-X-S/T" SIGNOR-249185 glucose chemical CHEBI:17234 ChEBI HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0004424 26323688 t "Consistently, treatment of cells with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), which completely inhibits glucose metabolism, leads to HK2 degradation and cell death in combination with C43" SIGNOR-261323 KMT2D protein O14686 UNIPROT "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24680668 t miannu "The mixed lineage leukemia-1 (mll1) enzyme is a histone h3 lysine 4 (h3k4) monomethyltransferase and has served as a paradigm for understanding the mechanism of action of the human set1 family of enzymes that include mll1_Mll4 and setd1a,b. Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal core complex that is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-204816 APLNR protein P35414 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256681 SH2B1 protein Q9NRF2 UNIPROT CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 "SIGNOR-C433; SIGNOR-C434; SIGNOR-C435; SIGNOR-C436" 32323266 t scontino "SHP-1 is recruited by the phosphorylated ITIM-bearing receptors such as CD22 and it dephosphorylates proximal BCR signaling molecules such as CD79, SYK, BLNK." SIGNOR-268458 IL13 protein P35225 UNIPROT IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19880493 t lperfetto "IL-4 and IL-13 have overlapping but distinct effects on MFs, dependent on a common IL-4R, with profound changes in the expression of a range of cellular proteins and functions broadly implicated in the regulation of inflammation and repair." SIGNOR-249528 TPR protein P12270 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262070 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 15708372 t "We characterized four Sp1/Sp3 binding sites in the proximal promoter of the PSA gene. In a luciferase assay, these sites contributed to the basal promoter activity in prostate cancer cells. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we confirmed that Sp1 and Sp3 bind to these sites. Overexpression of wild-type Sp1 and Sp3 further upregulated the promoter activity, whereas overexpression of the Sp1 dominant-negative form or addition of mithramycin A significantly reduced the promoter activity and the endogenous mRNA level of PSA." SIGNOR-253664 CCDC102B protein Q68D86 UNIPROT LRRC45 protein Q96CN5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 30404835 t lperfetto "CCDC102B is recruited to the centrosome by C-Nap1 (also known as CEP250) and interacts with the centrosome linker components rootletin and LRRC45. CCDC102B decorates and facilitates the formation of rootletin filaments. Furthermore, CCDC102B is phosphorylated by Nek2A (an isoform encoded by NEK2) and is disassociated from the centrosome at the onset of mitosis." SIGNOR-275627 HOXC11 protein O43248 UNIPROT HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9582375 f miannu "The observed stimulatory effect of hoxc11 on hnf1_ may be due to a similar stabilizing effect on hnf1_ dna binding and/or an increase in transcriptional activity of hnf1_." SIGNOR-57484 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM10 protein Q9UDY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270972 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18245089 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "In this study we show that the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2) interact directly with ciita, targeting serine residues in the amino terminus of the protein, including serine 288. These data suggest a model whereby erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation of ciita down-regulates ciita activity by priming it for nuclear export, thus providing a means for cells to tightly regulate the extent of antigen presentation." SIGNOR-270067 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser447 GSPRTPVsPVKFSPG 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-121988 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 9792724 f miannu "In this report, we show a distinctive effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in Hep3B cells. RA caused a marked decrease in AFP transcripts." SIGNOR-254443 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 16582879 t "Binding of insulin to the IR results in autophosphorylation of each beta‐subunit on at least six different tyrosines. This autophosphorylation occurs first on three tyrosines located in the activation loop of the kinase domain (Y1158, 1162 and 1163), resulting in the stabilization of the kinase in an active conformation.|Termination of the signal involves inactivation of the IR by dephosphorylation of the three tyrosines of the kinase domain (Tonks, 2003). PTP1B is a protein tyrosine phosphatase located in the endoplasmic reticulum that has an important role in the dephosphorylation of these tyrosines after internalization of the IR" SIGNOR-248410 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 9606 14670079 t gcesareni "We have recently found that nucleophosmin (npm/b23), a phosphoprotein primarily found in nucleolus, associates with unduplicated centrosomes and is a direct substrate of cdk2-cyclin e in centrosome duplication." SIGNOR-120330 NRTN protein Q99748 UNIPROT GFRA1 protein P56159 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 9182803 t gcesareni "A receptor complex comprised of trnr1 (gdnfr alpha) and ret was recently identified and found to be capable of mediating both gdnf and ntn signaling" SIGNOR-49119 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser239 GAKLRKVsKQEEASG 9606 12576312 t miannu "Three phosphorylation sites have been identified in VASP: Ser157, Ser239, and Thr278, all of which can be phosphorylated by either PKA or PKG in vitro" SIGNOR-250063 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser275 LSAFRRTsLAGGGRR 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163784 LYRM4 protein Q9HD34 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial Fe-S Cluster Assembly Complex" complex SIGNOR-C276 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27519411 t lperfetto "As the architecture of the human machinery remains undefined, we co-expressed in Escherichia coli the following four proteins involved in the initial step of Fe-S cluster synthesis: FXN42-210 (iron donor); [NFS1]·[ISD11] (sulfur donor); and ISCU (scaffold upon which new clusters are assembled). We purified a stable, active complex consisting of all four proteins with 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry." SIGNOR-262126 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19230643 t gcesareni "Mdc1 also undergoes phosphorylation by ck2 after dna damage to generate a phospho-motif on mdc1, which binds directly to nbs1." SIGNOR-184130 POMT2 protein Q9UKY4 UNIPROT POMT complex SIGNOR-C372 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16698797 t miannu " Here we have shown that POMT1 forms a complex with POMT2 and the complex possesses protein O-mannosyltransferase activity. Results indicate that POMT1 and POMT2 associate physically and functionally in vivo.  Mutations in the POMT1 and POMT2 genes are considered to be the cause of Walker-Warburg syndrome. Here, we have demonstrated that POMT1 and POMT2 form a functional complex in vivo using immunoprecipitating techniques. Furthermore, we showed that the mutations of POMT1 protein found in WWS patients do not prevent complex formation with POMT2 but they do abolish activity of the complex." SIGNOR-265429 CHMP4B protein Q9H444 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265533 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-189141 SLC27A1 protein Q6PCB7 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264463 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 GIISRIKsYSFPKPG 9606 22585575 t llicata "We found that chk1 phosphorylated the tumor suppressor spleen tyrosine kinase (l) (syk[l]) and identified the phosphorylation site at ser295. Furthermore, chk1 phosphorylation of syk(l) promoted its subsequent proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-197528 valine smallmolecule CHEBI:27266 ChEBI Val-tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29164 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30755602 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase." SIGNOR-270532 Laminin-8 complex SIGNOR-C181 SIGNOR "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253220 CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "Cofilin also binds to actin and contributes to the disassembly of actin filaments and the subsequent release of actin monomers." SIGNOR-261836 carbamazepine chemical CHEBI:3387 ChEBI SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 1658608 t miannu "This study examined the actions of phenytoin, carbamazepine, lidocaine, and verapamil on rat brain type IIA Na+ channels functionally expressed in mammalian cells, using the whole-cell voltage-clamp recording technique. The drugs blocked Na+ currents in both a tonic and use-dependent manner." SIGNOR-258353 "Class II MHC" complex SIGNOR-C428 SIGNOR "Class II MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C429 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33374673 t scontino "The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, or human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans, bind these peptides to present them to T cells that recognise them with their surface T cell receptors (TCR)." SIGNOR-267872 naloxone chemical CHEBI:7459 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258942 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr481 HVQRVLRtPGRQSPG 9606 10581160 t "Axin residues T609 and S614 are physiological GSK3beta targets. Axin phosphorylation in the regulation of b-catenin stability. When active (left), GSK3b phosphorylates Axin as well as APC and b-catenin. The phosphorylated form of Axin binds strongly to b-catenin and promotes the phosphorylation of b-catenin by GSK3b, leading to strong interaction with b-TrCP" SIGNOR-251222 ARID5B protein Q14865 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29326336 f miannu "We also observed that ARID5B regulates the expression of four major components of the TAL1 complex (namely, TAL1,GATA3, RUNX1, and MYB) in Jurkat cells. Knockdown of ARID5B resulted in reductions of the H3K27ac signals at those enhancer loci (Supplemental Fig. S6E–H) and down-regulation of all four factors at the mRNA (Fig. 6E) and protein levels (Fig. 6F)." SIGNOR-256159 PAX7-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP11 SIGNOR SUV39H1 protein O43463 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23435416 f lperfetto "In addition, KMT1A has recently been shown to play a role in ARMS by inhibiting myogenic differentiation. Although not shown directly, the authors speculated that KMT1A levels may be regulated by PAX3-FOXO1, as KMT1A expression was only increased on induction of differentiation in PAX3-FOXO1 positive cell lines" SIGNOR-249598 FERMT1 protein Q9BQL6 UNIPROT FBLIM1 protein Q8WUP2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 24165133 t miannu "Kindlin binds migfilin tandem LIM domains and regulates migfilin focal adhesion localization and recruitment dynamics. Two integrin-binding proteins present in FAs, kindlin-1 and kindlin-2, are important for integrin activation, FA formation, and signaling. By binding filamin, migfilin provides a link between kindlin and the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-266103 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273148 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 15546612 t gcesareni "Purified recombinant cycc:cdk8 phosphorylates the notch icd within the tad and pest domains, and expression of cycc:cdk8 strongly enhances notch icd hyperphosphorylation and pest-dependent degradation by the fbw7/sel10 ubiquitin ligase in vivo." SIGNOR-273150 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273151 HDLBP protein Q00341 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000150 33941620 t miannu "We show that vigilin interacts with the DNA damage response (DDR) proteins RAD51 and BRCA1, and vigilin depletion impairs their recruitment to DSB sites." SIGNOR-266697 AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT HUWE1 protein Q7Z6Z7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 phosphorylation:Ser1043 CRPEALNsGVEYYWD 30217973 t lperfetto "AMBRA1 regulates mitophagy at two critical steps. Upon mitophagy stimulation, AMBRA1 mediates the HUWE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase translocation from cytosol to mitochondria (light blue). AMBRA1 acts as a cofactor for HUWE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, favouring its binding to its substrate MFN2 (and maybe other OMM substrates) and targeting it to the proteasome" SIGNOR-272962 AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25438055 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on mass spec table" lperfetto "We found that AMBRA1 favours the interaction between c-Myc and its phosphatase PP2A and that, when mTOR is inhibited, it enhances PP2A activity on this specific target, thereby reducing the cell division rate. As expected, such a de-regulation of c-Myc correlates with increased tumorigenesis in AMBRA1-defective systems, thus supporting a role for AMBRA1 as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor gene." SIGNOR-272964 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr278 LARRRKAtQVGEKTP 9606 BTO:0000551 21423205 t lperfetto "Rsk1 phosphorylated vasp on t278, a site regulating its binding to actin." SIGNOR-172899 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256738 SUZ12 protein Q15022 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23110252 t lperfetto "The PRC2 core, conserved from Drosophila to humans, is composed of four proteins that add up to about 230 kDa (Figure 1A) (see Margueron and Reinberg, 2010 for a recent review): EED (present in different isoforms), either one of the two methyltranferases Ezh1 or Ezh2 (Ezh1/2), Suz12, and either RbAp46 or RbAp48 (RbAp46/48)." SIGNOR-241900 MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257180 RTN4 protein Q9NQC3 UNIPROT LINGO1 protein Q96FE5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15694321 t flangone "Nogo-a, myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag), and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (omgp)...signal through a common receptor complex in neurons, which includes the ligand binding nogo-66 receptor (ngr), and two signal-transducing binding partners, p75 and lingo-1," SIGNOR-133752 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131897 IYD protein Q6PHW0 UNIPROT iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28153798 t scontino "MIT and DIT, which are deiodinated by iodotyrosine dehalogenase (DEHAL1) that seems to be present in the apical plasma membrane. MIT and DIT are liberated, and the deiodination of these molecules by DEHAL1 is important for providing a sustained source of intrathyroidal iodide." SIGNOR-267034 PHA-680632 chemical CID:11249084 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206097 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser217 YTRTGSEsPKVCSDQ 9606 17318175 t lperfetto "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-264660 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 27477906 t lperfetto "Our quantitative ChIP experiments confirmed that ZMYND8 and JARID1D were co-localized at Slug, CD44, VEGFA, and EGFR genes (Figures 4F–4I). Our ChIP results also showed that ZMYND8 repressed and occupied other JARID1D target genes, such as the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP3, that we previously reported" SIGNOR-262043 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser129 PYPSPVLsEEEDLPL 9606 BTO:0000567 10618498 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the Spi-B transcription factor reduces its intrinsic stability. | Serine residues 37 in the transactivation domain and 129, 144 and 146 in the PEST domain of Spi-B are phosphorylated by CKII in vitro | The CKII phosphorylation sites mapped in vitro are phosphorylated in vivo" SIGNOR-251039 Wnt proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF40 SIGNOR LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t Gianni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131577 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10116 7535768 t "inferred from 70% of family members" "Dephosphorylation and Inactivation of ERKs|ERK1 phosphorylated on either threonine (ERK1*Y204F) or tyrosine alone (ERK1*T202A) was utilized as a substrate for HVH2. Threonine 202 and tyrosine 204 in ERK1 (53) correspond to threonine 183 and tyrosine 185 in ERK2 which are the activation-phosphorylation sites by MEK(14, 15, 16). ERK1*, a kinase-deficient mutant, was phosphorylated on both threonine and tyrosine by MEK2 (Fig. 3B). ERK1*T202A, having threonine 202 substituted by an alanine, was phosphorylated only on tyrosine while ERK1*Y204F, having tyrosine 204 substituted by a phenylalanine, was phosphorylated only on threonine (Fig. 3B). GST-HVH2 dephosphorylated all three ERK1* mutants (Fig. 3A), suggesting that double phosphorylations of adjacent threonine and tyrosine were not a prerequisite for HVH2 recognition. However, HVH2 dephosphorylated ERK1* and ERK1*T202A more efficiently than ERK1*Y204F (Fig. 3A), indicating that HVH2 preferred phosphotyrosine over phosphothreonine. Interestingly, MEK also phosphorylated tyrosine residues more efficiently than threonine residues of ERK" SIGNOR-269933 P2RY6 protein Q15077 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256804 PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 16254079 t "Ectopic expression of ebp1, a member of the PA2G4 family, inhibits the proliferation and induces the differentiation of human breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Ebp1 inhibits transcription of E2F1 and androgen receptor regulated genes such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) through its interactions with histone deacetylases (HDACs)" SIGNOR-253662 NGFR protein P08138 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 14699954 f amattioni "Jnk3 is expressed exclusively in the nervous system and recent evidence indicates that this jnk isoform may be required for p75ntr-mediated cell death" SIGNOR-120561 KLHL20 protein Q9Y2M5 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26687681 t miannu "Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin Ligase Governs the Turnover of ULK1 and VPS34 Complexes to Control Autophagy Termination. KLHL20 promotes ubiquitination of phagophore-residing VPS34 and Beclin-1" SIGNOR-272413 E2F2 protein Q14209 UNIPROT TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 8832394 t 2 miannu "The transcriptionally active forms of E2F are heterodimers composed of one polypeptide encoded by the E2F gene family and one polypeptide encoded by the DP gene family.In transfected cells, DP-1 did not accumulate in the nucleus unless it was coexpressed with the heterodimeric partners E2F-1, E2F-2, or E2F-3." SIGNOR-240550 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT TNFRSF10B protein O14763 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14585074 f "Nuclear p53" amattioni "Cd95l, cd95, and the trail death receptors are induced by the tumour suppressor p53" SIGNOR-113707 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "(tak1) and tak1 binding protein 1 (tab1) play a pivotal role as upstream sig-nal transducers by activating the mkk3-p38 mapk signaling cascade that leads to the induction of type i collagen expression by tgf-beta1." SIGNOR-192796 DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 12827203 t miannu "DCC activation by a netrin-1 gradient creates a high-level [Ca2+]i gradient by triggering LCC activity and by stimulating the cAMP–PKA pathway, which further activates LCC in the plasma membrane (PM) and Ca2+ channels in the ER." SIGNOR-268292 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20596030 t miannu "The forced expression of pten in the eol-1r cells dephosphorylated akt, erk and stat5 /eol-1r cells showed epigenetic silencing of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (pten) gene. Exposure of eol-1r cells to imatinib failed to dephosphorylate akt, erk and stat5, although pdgfr? Was effectively inactivated. The forced expression of pten negatively regulated these signal pathways and sensitized eol-1r cells to imatinib." SIGNOR-166481 vilanterol chemical CHEBI:75037 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20462258 t Luana "A series of saligenin β2 adrenoceptor agonist antedrugs having high clearance were prepared by reacting a protected saligenin oxazolidinone with protected hydroxyethoxyalkoxyalkyl bromides, followed by removal of the hydroxy-protecting group, alkylation, and final deprotection. The compounds were screened for β2, β1, and β3 agonist activity in CHO cells. | Compound 13f had high potency, selectivity, fast onset, and long duration of action in vitro and was found to have long duration in vivo" SIGNOR-257843 MCHR1 protein Q99705 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256762 UBE3C protein Q15386 UNIPROT CAND2 protein O75155 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165 12692129 t miannu "We show that KIAA10 indeed associates with 26 S proteasomes in mammalian cells but that this interaction is likely to depend on contacts with a subunit(s) besides S2/Rpn1. Most importantly, we provide strong evidence that TIP120B (TBP-interacting protein 120B (22)) is a specific substrate that is targeted for degradation in skeletal muscle through KIAA10-catalyzed polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-271454 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser124 PALKRSHsDSLDHDI 9606 12676583 t Manara "Chk2 phosphorylates a subset of the Chk1-targeted sites of Cdc25A | Phosphorylation of serines 123, 178, 278, and 292 regulates both basal and IR-induced accelerated proteolysis of Cdc25A" SIGNOR-260835 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser193 AEVDPDMsWSSSLAT 9606 BTO:0001938 12815053 t lperfetto "M phase-specific phosphorylation of brca2 by polo-like kinase 1 correlates with the dissociation of the brca2-p/caf complex.Plk1 interacts with brca2 in vivo, and mutation of ser193, ser205/206, and thr203/207 to ala in br-n1 abolished plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that brca2 is the substrate of plk1" SIGNOR-102486 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UBE4B protein O95155 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271275 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 BTO:0000195 18270268 t llicata "Pkciota phosphorylated ezrin on t567 in vitro, and in sf9 cells that do not activate human ezrin. we conclude that, although other molecular mechanisms contribute to ezrin activation, apically localized phosphorylation by pkciota is essential for the activation and normal distribution of ezrin at the early stages of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation." SIGNOR-160855 "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR Platelet_Adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH137 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 f lperfetto "VWF binding to GPIb-IX-V induces platelet activation, converting the major integrin αIIbβ3 from a low affinity to a high affinity receptor capable of engaging the C4 domain of VWF. This last step is essential for stable adhesion" SIGNOR-261867 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PSMA7 protein O14818 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr153 QTDPSGTyHAWKANA 9606 16678104 t lperfetto "Proteasome-mediated proteolysis is a primary protein degradation pathway in cells. The present study demonstrates that c-abl and arg (abl-related gene) tyrosine kinases associate with and phosphorylate the proteasome psma7 (alpha4) subunit at tyr-153. Consequently, proteasome-dependent proteolysis is compromised" SIGNOR-146585 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser688 QFHSPVGsPLKSIQA 9606 20236090 t "Reciprocally, we found that the phosphatases Cdc14A and Cdc14B (Cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to ERK3 and reverse its C-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis. Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.|In vitro phosphorylation of a series of ERK3-deletion mutants by mitotic cell extracts revealed that phosphorylation is confined to the unique C-terminal extension of the protein. Using MS analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, Ser684, Ser688, Thr698 and Ser705, located at the extreme C-terminus of ERK3." SIGNOR-248831 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1766 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120212 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT PCYT1A protein P49585 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 10744779 t Luana "Sp1 and Sp3 function as transcriptional activators of the Ctpct promoter" SIGNOR-266231 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT GAS6 protein Q14393 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation." SIGNOR-265923 GRM2 protein Q14416 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264933 COX5B protein P10606 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 18701479 f lperfetto "Together, these data suggest that R-cadherin expression inhibits myogenesis and induces myoblast transformation through Rac1 activation. Therefore, the properties of R-cadherin make it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in RMS." SIGNOR-253104 RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT FZD8 protein Q9H461 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17035295 t gcesareni "Interaction between ryk and fz has been reported, suggesting that the two proteins may form a multi-receptor complex signalling through the canonical pathway" SIGNOR-150010 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1951 SPGYSPTsPTYSLTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269341 S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257108 CHD2 protein O14647 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26895424 t miannu "Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the dominant DSB repair pathway in human cells, but our understanding of how it operates in chromatin is limited. Here, we define a mechanism that plays a crucial role in regulating NHEJ in chromatin. This mechanism is initiated by DNA damage-associated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which recruits the chromatin remodeler CHD2 through a poly(ADP-ribose)-binding domain. CHD2 in turn triggers rapid chromatin expansion and the deposition of histone variant H3.3 at sites of DNA damage." SIGNOR-264527 TRIM31 protein Q9BZY9 UNIPROT KIF21B protein O75037 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24086586 t "Here we show that the ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM3, also known as BERP, interacts with KIF21B via its RBCC domain ||he E3-ligase function of TRIM3 is not involved in KIF21B degradation, however TRIM3 depletion reduces the motility of the motor. Together, our data suggest that TRIM3 is a regulator in the modulation of KIF21B motor function" SIGNOR-272479 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2620 QGTLQTRtQEGSLSA -1 12186630 t lperfetto "We have identified seven in vitro autophosphorylation sites in DNA-PKcs. Six of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2620, Ser2624, Thr2638 and Thr2647) are clustered in a region of 38 amino acids in the central region of the protein. Five of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638, Thr2647 and Ser3205) are conserved between six vertebrate species. Moreover, we show that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated in vivo at Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638 and Thr2647 in okadaic acid-treated human cells. | Thus phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at one or more of the autophosphorylation sites identified in this study is likely to be required for DNA-PKcs function." SIGNOR-249158 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 14517246 t gcesareni "Jnks directly phosphorylate nuclear factor of activated t-cell (nfat) transcription factors, thus antagonizing the effects of calcium-regulated signaling through the protein phosphatase calcineurin jnk directly regulated nuclear factor of activated t-cell (nfat) activation in culture and in transgenic mice containing an nfat-dependent luciferase reporter." SIGNOR-118217 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" deacetylation 10090 BTO:0002572 27776347 t "SIRT1 deacetylates β-catenin to promote its accumulation in the nucleus and thus induces the transcription of genes that block MSC adipogenesis." SIGNOR-256208 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate smallmolecule CHEBI:16244 ChEBI carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17126 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11802770 t miannu "In the last step, butyrobetaine is hydroxylated on the 3-position by γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBD; EC 1.14.11.1) to yield carnitine." SIGNOR-269701 SEC24B protein O95487 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265290 NatA complex SIGNOR-C415 SIGNOR Protein_acetylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH189 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21351257 f miannu "About 80% of soluble human proteins are N-terminally acetylated by 1 of 3 major Nα-terminal acetyltransferase complexes, hNatA, hNatB and hNatC, which differ in their subunit composition and substrate specificity." SIGNOR-267229 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259224 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr698 KSIQATLtPSAMKSS 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3.alanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.we found that the phosphatases cdc14a and cdc14b (cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to erk3 and reverse its c-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis." SIGNOR-164483 AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT PAPOLB protein Q9NRJ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19224921 t lperfetto "Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation|In addition to CPSF, IRBIT interacted in vitro with poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is the enzyme recruited by CPSF to elongate the poly(A) tail, and inhibited PAP activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268331 APOBEC3F protein Q8IUX4 UNIPROT "Clearance_of_foreign intracellular_DNA" phenotype SIGNOR-PH132 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29367246 f lperfetto "The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, or A3) family of interferon-inducible cytidine deaminases functions as antiviral restriction factors (reviewed in reference 15). Humans express seven A3 family members: A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H (16, 17). A3A is notable in that it specifically targets and restricts foreign DNA elements. A3A binds to single-stranded DNA with a high affinity (18), mediates the catabolism of foreign DNA (19), and restricts infection of several DNA viruses, including HPV (20,–24)." SIGNOR-261327 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AEBP1 protein Q8IUX7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr621 GEPEFRYtAGIHGNE 10090 BTO:0000944 15654748 t miannu "We show that DNA binding by AEBP1 requires both the N- and C-terminal domains of AEBP1, and MAPK interaction with AEBP1 (through its N terminus) results in enhanced DNA binding. A threonine at position 623 within the C-terminal domain of AEBP1 plays an important role in DNA binding by AEBP1, because the mutation results in decreased DNA binding by AEBP1, which leads to a decrease in the transcriptional repression ability of AEBP1. We also show that in vitro phosphorylation of AEBP1 by MAPK is greatly reduced upon mutation of T623. These results suggest that MAPK regulates the transcriptional activity of AEBP1 by a novel dual mechanism, in which MAPK interaction enhances and subsequent phosphorylation decreases the DNA-binding ability of AEBP1." SIGNOR-262897 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MASTL protein Q96GX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr194 NMMDILTtPSMAKPR 8355 22354989 t gcesareni "We propose a model in which the initiating event for Gwl activation is phosphorylation by MPF of the proline-directed sites T193 and T206 in the presumptive activation loop" SIGNOR-243403 CDH23 protein Q9H251 UNIPROT "TIP-LINK complex" complex SIGNOR-C291 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The adaptor proteins harmonin and SANS, and the motor protein myosin 7a (Myo7a) bind in vitro to each other and to CDH23 (Adato et al., 2005; Bahloul et al., 2010; Boeda et al., 2002; Siemens et al., 2002) and co-localize at the upper insertion site of tip links (Grati and Kachar, 2011; Grillet et al., 2009b), suggesting that they form a protein complex important for transduction." SIGNOR-262579 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr402 CSIESDIyAEIPDET 9606 15105428 t llicata "Overexpression of pyk2 alone led to its spontaneous activation and tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting in activation of stat5b, indicated by the reporter gfp-stat5b. These effects were completely dependent upon tyr(402), the autophosphorylation site of pyk2, which allows recruitment of src family members for further activating phosphorylations at other sites on pyk2." SIGNOR-124339 TAF10 protein Q12962 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263926 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 YLDSGIHsGATTTAP 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 SIGNOR-C110 19303846 t gcesareni "DISC1 inhibits GSK3beta activity through direct physical interaction, which reduces beta-catenin phosphorylation and stabilizes beta-catenin." SIGNOR-184785 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr388 VYFKPSLtPSGEFRK 9606 19767751 t llicata "These results indicate that phosphorylation of nup153 and nup214 by erk strongly reduces their affinity for importin-. nup153 depletion caused a strong inhibition of nuclear accumulation of gfp?importin-beta in both erk-inhibited and erk-activated cells (fig. 8b,c), indicating that nup153 is essential for the efficient importin-beta transport." SIGNOR-188127 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001321 20068069 t miannu "CLU-2 is a ubiquitin binding protein (UBP) that enhances proteasome activity. sCLU promotes degradation of COMMD1. sCLU interacts with the SCF-βTrCP E3 ligase complex, serving as a scaffolding chaperone to form a multimeric protein complex that facilitates COMMD1 and I-κB ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-271431 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT PCK2 protein Q16822 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255066 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu72 MEEKCSFeEAREVFE 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263692 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8266078 t gcesareni "Il-2r gamma was demonstrated to be a component of the il-4 receptor on the basis of chemical cross-linking data, the ability of il-2r gamma to augment il-4 binding affinity, and the requirement for il-2r gamma in il-4-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1." SIGNOR-37362 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:147286 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The second enzyme in the DNPB pathway is trifunc tional GART (TGART), whose domains and activities include: glycinamide ribonucleotide synthase (GARS) that catalyzes the ATP-dependent process that uses 5- PRA and Gly to make glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR); glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART) that transfers the formyl group of N10-formyltetrahydrofolate to GAR, generating formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR); and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthase (AIRS) that converts formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) to aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-267305 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr152 ISEDIKSyYTVRQLE -1 11506178 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 66, 152 and/or 153 of PTP1B are phosphorylated by the activated insulin receptor and are also necessary for formation of the PTP1B:insulin receptor complex| Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of PTP1B by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase increases the catalytic activity of PTP1B" SIGNOR-249368 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000565 15889140 t Luana "Evi1 directly binds to the promoter region of GATA-2 and thus enhances the GATA-2 transcription." SIGNOR-266062 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser356 SSSGGDRsPTRMLAS 9606 19351720 t lperfetto "Our findings demonstrate that the cell cycle proteins cyclin d1 and cdk4 induce runx2 and runx3 phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-216980 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser142 AVSDSLPsNSLKKSS 9606 BTO:0000671 12628002 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (erk5) by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (mkk5)activated erk5 also phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (mkk5) extensively at ser(129), ser(137), ser(142) and ser(149)" SIGNOR-99135 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser623 RDSENLAsPSEYPEN 9606 21335236 t gcesareni "We show that npc disassembly is a phosphorylation-driven process, dependent on cdk1 activity and supported by members of the nima-related kinase (nek) family. mitotic hyperphosphorylation of nup98 is accomplished by multiple kinases, including cdk1 and neks." SIGNOR-172221 "lysophosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:132742 ChEBI LPAR5 protein Q9H1C0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257532 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10085134 t gcesareni "Shc interacts with and is an excellent substrate for erbb2 and appears to play an important role in mitogenic signaling through this receptor tyrosine kinase" SIGNOR-65579 LSM-1231 chemical CHEBI:91471 ChEBI NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258239 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT HPGD protein P15428 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19010907 f miannu "We show an interaction between Snail and HDAC2 and the binding of HDAC2 to the 15-PGDH promoter. These data suggest that class I HDACs, specifically HDAC2, and the transcriptional repressor Snail play a central role in the suppression of 15-PGDH expression." SIGNOR-254236 tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29179 ChEBI Ser-tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29162 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24095058 t miannu "As a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction that charges serine onto its cognate tRNA for protein synthesis" SIGNOR-270499 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR GRIK2 protein Q13002 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 17062563 t miannu "Here, we report that actinfilin is able to bind to GluR6, a kainate-type glutamate receptor subunit, and target GluR6 for degradation. Like many members of its protein family, actinfilin acts as a substrate adaptor, binding Cullin 3 (Cul3) and linking GluR6 to the E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex. Together our data demonstrate that actinfilin acts as a scaffold, linking GluR6 to the Cul3 ubiquitin ligase to provide a novel mechanism for kainate receptor degradation." SIGNOR-271614 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 PSKKRKRsRWNQDTM 10116 BTO:0000947 10449420 t lperfetto "PKG phosphorylates SF1 at Ser20, which inhibits the SF1-U2AF65 interaction leading to a block of pre-spliceosome assembly. Mutation of Ser20 to Ala or Thr also inhibits the interaction with U2AF65, indicating that Ser20 is essential for binding." SIGNOR-249018 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257747 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT SIK1 protein P57059 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr182 KSGEPLStWCGSPPY 9606 18946175 t miannu "Salt inducible kinase (SIK) 1, a member of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) family, is activated by the AMPK-activator LKB1 which phosphorylates SIK1 at Thr182." SIGNOR-262844 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253863 IL19 protein Q9UHD0 UNIPROT IL20RB protein Q6UXL0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17208301 t gcesareni "Il-19 signals only through the type i il-20r complex." SIGNOR-151820 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17289999 t lperfetto "Contrary to the direct-activation model, we show that Bax and Bak can mediate apoptosis without discernable association with the putative BH3-only activators (Bim, Bid, and Puma), even in cells with no Bim or Bid and reduced Puma. Our results indicate that BH3-only proteins induce apoptosis at least primarily by engaging the multiple pro-survival relatives guarding Bax and Bak" SIGNOR-152986 azelastine chemical CHEBI:2950 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 21381763 t Luana "Azelastine was used as a standard, with affinities (pKi) for H1 and H3 8.9 and 6.8, respectively. " SIGNOR-257894 CLU protein P10909 UNIPROT COMMD1 protein Q8N668 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001321 20068069 t miannu "CLU-2 is a ubiquitin binding protein (UBP) that enhances proteasome activity. sCLU promotes degradation of COMMD1. sCLU interacts with the SCF-βTrCP E3 ligase complex, serving as a scaffolding chaperone to form a multimeric protein complex that facilitates COMMD1 and I-κB ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-271432 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI HNF4G protein Q14541 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 9792724 f miannu "Retinoic acid mediates down-regulation of the alpha-fetoprotein gene through decreased expression of hepatocyte nuclear factors. The levels of HNF1 and HNF4 mRNA were also decreased following RA treatment." SIGNOR-254444 ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257038 KIF16B protein Q96L93 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272527 KCNC2 protein Q96PR1 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 11506885 t miannu "Kv3 currents are activated specifically during action potential repolarization. Analysis of the Kv3 subfamily of K+ channel subunits has lead to the discovery of a new class of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels characterized by positively shifted voltage dependencies and very fast deactivation rates. These properties are adaptations that allow these channels to produce currents that can specifically enable fast repolarization of action potentials without compromising spike initiation or height" SIGNOR-265585 MDH2 protein P40926 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-266286 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8142649 f Regulation miannu "Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta) have both been shown to act on hematopoietic progenitor cells. bFGF antagonized the TGF-beta-mediated induction of hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner, with 0.1 ng/mL bFGF inhibiting hemoglobin induction by 40% and 10 ng/mL bFGF completely abrogating hemoglobin production." SIGNOR-251798 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr273 SPSVHPAtPISPGRA 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" miannu "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on AML1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of AML1c in K562 and 293T cells (27).4 Mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein. The presence of these mutations results in an increase in the amount of ubiquitinated AML1c in the matrix, and increases the half-life of this insoluble AML1c. One possible model to explain these observations is that phosphorylation might be necessary for the normal process of both proteasome degradation and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-138981 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21750978 t lperfetto "Ikarosis dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) via interaction at a consensus pp1-binding motif/ hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-264663 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM21 protein P19474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271063 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT CXCR2 protein P25025 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000763 22634615 t miannu "Upon activation, GRK2 phosphorylates CXCR2 and causes receptor desensitization and internalization, leading to down-regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis" SIGNOR-260647 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser251 LTPSARIsALNIVGD 10090 17060449 t miannu "Here, we show that Aurora-A phosphorylates NDEL1 at Ser251 at the beginning of mitotic entry. Interestingly, NDEL1 phosphorylated by Aurora-A was rapidly downregulated thereafter by ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation." SIGNOR-263159 SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264601 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR POLM protein Q9NP87 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr21 SGDAASStPPSTRFP -1 23933132 t miannu " In vitro kinase assays showed that the S phase-associated Cdk2/cyclin A complex was able to phosphorylate Polμ. We identified Ser12, Thr21 (located in the BRCT domain) and Ser372 (located in loop1) as the target residues. Mutation of these residues to alanine indicated that Ser372 is the main phosphorylation site.Our evidences suggest that Polμ could be regulated in vivo by phosphorylation of the BRCT domain (Ser12/Thr21) and of Ser372, affecting the function of loop1." SIGNOR-273598 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP2 protein Q13542 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23100465 t gcesareni "Here, we show that cancer cells acquire resistance to astori by downregulating eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bps-eif4ebp1, eif4ebp2)." SIGNOR-199258 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003858 19745029 f miannu "Promoter analysis and transfection studies showed that the up-regulation of DCC in OA chondrocytes may be mediated by the transcription factors Sox9 and AP-2." SIGNOR-255188 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr61 ERRPESFtTPEGPKP 9606 phosphorylation:Thr62 RRPESFTtPEGPKPR 18490441 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of Thr61 is necessary for subsequent phosphorylation of Thr60 by CK2 in vitro. Inhibitors of CK2 also prevent degradation of SLBP at the end of S phase. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr61 by cyclin A/Cdk1 primes phosphorylation of Thr60 by CK2 and is responsible for initiating SLBP degradation." SIGNOR-265260 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1090 TNTGFPRyPNDSVYA 9606 14711813 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr(806), tyr(809), tyr(900), tyr(905), tyr(981), tyr(1062), tyr(1090), and tyr(1096) were autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-121145 PTPN18 protein Q99952 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr1248 PTAENPEyLGLDVPV 9606 BTO:0000007 25081058 t lperfetto "PTPN18 knockdown selectively enhances the EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the HER2 Y1112, Y1196 and Y1248 sites. |Whereas the catalytic domain of PTPN18 blocks lysosomal routing and delays the degradation of HER2 by dephosphorylation of HER2 on pY(1112), the PEST domain of PTPN18 promotes K48-linked HER2 ubiquitination and its rapid destruction via the proteasome pathway and an HER2 negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-262597 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ERCC6 protein Q03468 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr932 GANRVVIyDPDWNPS 9606 17626041 t Regulation miannu "N-terminal region of CSB interacts with the SH3 domain of c-Abl in vitro and in vivo. In addition, c-Abl kinase phosphorylates CSB at Tyr932. our results suggest that c-Abl interacts with and tyrosine phosphorylates CSB. This interaction may play an important role in the response to oxidative stress, resulting in activation of c-Abl, tyrosine phosphorylation of CSB and more efficient BER of oxidative DNA damage. Tyrosine-phosphorylated CSB may serve as a signal for repair proteins to localize to DNA damage and may help maintain active transcription in the nucleolus." SIGNOR-251933 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004408 19620402 f miannu "The ELA2 gene promoter is positively regulated by the direct binding of LEF-1 or C/EBPalpha, documenting the role of LEF1 in the diminished ELA2 expression." SIGNOR-253769 5-[(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methylidene]thiazolidine-2,4-dione chemical CHEBI:94690 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189912 N-[4-[(2-amino-3-chloro-4-pyridinyl)oxy]-3-fluorophenyl]-4-ethoxy-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91409 ChEBI AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190401 GRIN1 protein Q05586 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. The NMDA receptor subtypes are encoded by three gene families that process mRNA transcripts to yield six distinct subunits (NR1, NR2A-2D, NR3A). Receptors are thought to be tetrameric complexes of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits" SIGNOR-264126 LARP7 protein Q4G0J3 UNIPROT HEXIM1 protein O94992 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30824372 t Monia "To investigate whether LARP7 is part of the known 7SK RNP implicated in the regulation of transcription, co‐immunoprecipitation studies were performed using the nuclear extracts of HeLa cells (Fig 3A, lanes 1–4). Antibodies against LARP7, CDK9 and HEXIM1 efficiently precipitated 7SK RNA, whereas no RNA was found in the control (Fig 3A, lower panel, lanes 1–4). Interestingly, HEXIM1, CDK9, CYCT1 and LARP7 were present in all immunopurifications, as determined by mass spectrometry of silver‐stained gels (Fig 3A; data not shown) and western blotting. In conclusion, these experiments show that LARP7 negatively regulates not only viral but also cellular POLII class genes through the 7SK P‐TEFb system." SIGNOR-261183 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 10617630 t lperfetto "In vitro experiments and two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping provided further evidence that serine 129 was phosphorylated by ck-1 and ck-2. Moreover, phosphorylation of serine 129 was reduced in vivo upon inhibition of ck-1 or ck-2.| together, these data may indicate that ck-1 and ck-2 are involved in the regulation of neuronal function and one may speculate that phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein could affect its binding to membranes." SIGNOR-73795 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT DBF4 protein Q9UBU7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser502 FSTDNSGsQPKQKSD 9606 22123827 t lperfetto "Dbf4/cdc7 (dbf4-dependent kinase (ddk)) is activated at the onset of s-phase, and its kinase activity is required for dna replication initiation from each origin. We identified novel atm/atr phosphorylation sites on dbf4 and showed that atm/atr-mediated phosphorylation of dbf4 is critical for the intra-s-phase checkpoint to inhibit dna replication." SIGNOR-177805 MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates 31066630 f SimoneGraziosi "Myelin basic protein (MBP) is essential for the compaction of the two adjacent cytoplasmic membrane surfaces into the major dense line of myelin." SIGNOR-269230 HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19778996 f miannu "PHGDH is expressed in both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. HOXA10 represses endometrial PHGDH expression." SIGNOR-254468 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17685427 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Here, we show that sp3, which, as sp1, belongs to the gc-rich binding transcription factor family, is also phosphorylated by erk in vitro on serine 73." SIGNOR-270165 EXOSC4 protein Q9NPD3 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261383 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr382 EFDTNYAtDDDIVFE 9606 BTO:0000007 28169830 t "Here, we show that activation of serotonin 5-HT2C receptors, which engage Erk1/2 pathway via a _-arrestin-dependent mechanism, promotes MEK-dependent _-arrestin2 phosphorylation at Thr383" SIGNOR-252027 TTF2 protein Q9UNY4 UNIPROT CDC5L protein Q99459 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12927788 t miannu "HLodestar/HuF2 associates with CDC5L in cell lysates and HeLa nuclear extracts. It is possible that during the cell division cycle, hLodestar/HuF2’s associates with transcription/splicing complexes in order to inhibit transcription/splicing prior to the start of mitosis and/or functions in stabilizing nuclear complexes containing splicing factors (e.g., the CDC5L complex) so that these are available for re-initiation of splicing at the end of mitosis when gene expression is re-established in cells." SIGNOR-224460 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser726 PLKMEPQsPGEVKKL 23858473 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on Fig 5" lperfetto "We also identified EVI1 phosphorylation sites by MS analysis and showed that Ser538 and Ser858 can be phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by two EVI1 interactome proteins, casein kinase II and protein phosphatase-1α. Finally, mutations that impair EVI1 phosphorylation at these sites reduced EVI1 DNA binding through its C-terminal zinc finger domain and induced cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-273430 domperidone chemical CHEBI:31515 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258380 NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT CENPA protein P49450 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19410544 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that prenucleosomal CENP-A is complexed with histone H4, nucleophosmin 1, and HJURPA minority of NPM1 cofractionated with prenucleosomal CENP-A, consistent with only a small proportion of total NPM1 stably associated with CENP-A. The partial overlap of NPM1 and HJURP with each other supports their formation of distinct prenucleosomal complexes with CENP-A. it is also possible that NPM1 plays a non essential role in the assembly of CENP-A nucleosomes or the nucleophosmin paralogues NPM2 and NPM3 may compensate for the absence of NPM1." SIGNOR-263708 SCAF11 protein Q99590 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp345 EEWEAQRdSHLGPHR -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261758 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 GGRERLAsTNDKGSM 9606 BTO:0000150 19112174 t gcesareni "S6k1 regulates estrogen receptor alpha (eralpha) by phosphorylating it on serine 167, leading to transcriptional activation of eralpha." SIGNOR-182958 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser452 PVKTLPFsPSQFLNF BTO:0000007 10593981 t llicata "Ten phosphorylation sites carboxyl-terminal to the DNA-binding domain were identified by this method: threonines at positions 267, 408, 497, 519, 522, and 524 and serines at positions 283, 396, 455, and 581. | Our results indicate that B-Myb can be phosphorylated in a cell-free system by both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. | These data suggest that B-Myb is a target for phosphorylation by cyclin-Cdk2 and that phosphorylation of B-Myb regulates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-250735 KISS1R protein Q969F8 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256750 SENP1 protein Q9P0U3 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates desumoylation 9606 17981124 t miannu "Sumo-specific protease 1 is essential for stabilization of hif1alpha during hypoxia / our results support a model in which sumoylated hif1_ is unstable but can be stabilized when sumo is removed by senp1" SIGNOR-158891 CDH20 protein Q9HBT6 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265859 ZNF224 protein Q9NZL3 UNIPROT ALDOA protein P04075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17900823 f miannu "We previously reported that ZNF224, a novel Krüppel-associated box-containing zinc-finger protein, represses aldolase A gene transcription by interacting with the KAP-1 co-repressor." SIGNOR-255627 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 11463392 t lperfetto "Puma localizes to the mitochondria, interacts with bcl-2, and function to induce cytochrome c release" SIGNOR-109506 ME1 protein P48163 UNIPROT NADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58349 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33064660 t miannu "Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP." SIGNOR-267722 PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 22306293 t "PKM2 activates transcription of MEK5 by phosphorylating stat3 at Y705. In¬†vitro phosphorylation assays show that PKM2 is a protein kinase using PEP as a phosphate donor" SIGNOR-268149 MDFI protein Q99750 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 8797820 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that I-mf inhibits the transactivation activity of the MyoD family and represses myogenesis. I-mf associates with MyoD family members and retains them in the cytoplasm by masking their nuclear localization signals." SIGNOR-240433 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT BAG3 protein O95817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 18413740 f lperfetto "In contrast, an increase in BAG-1, BAG-3, and BAG-4 gene expression was observed in HCT116 cells overexpressing either DNMT1 (DNMT1+) or DNMT3B (DNMT3B+)" SIGNOR-254111 UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002882 15169904 f miannu "Pescadillo (PES1) and the upstream binding factor (UBF1) play a role in ribosome biogenesis, which regulates cell size, an important component of cell proliferation. We have investigated the effects of PES1 and UBF1 on the growth and differentiation of cell lines derived from 32D cells, an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent murine myeloid cell line. Parental 32D cells and 32D IGF-IR cells (expressing increased levels of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor I [IGF-I] receptor [IGF-IR]) do not express insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) or IRS-2. 32D IGF-IR cells differentiate when the cells are shifted from IL-3 to IGF-I. Ectopic expression of IRS-1 inhibits differentiation and transforms 32D IGF-IR cells into a tumor-forming cell line. We found that PES1 and UBF1 increased cell size and/or altered the cell cycle distribution of 32D-derived cells but failed to make them IL-3 independent. PES1 and UBF1 also failed to inhibit the differentiation program initiated by the activation of the IGF-IR, which is blocked by IRS-1. 32D IGF-IR cells expressing PES1 or UBF1 differentiate into granulocytes like their parental cells. In contrast, PES1 and UBF1 can transform mouse embryo fibroblasts that have high levels of endogenous IRS-1 and are not prone to differentiation. Our results provide a model for one of the theories of myeloid leukemia, in which both a stimulus of proliferation and a block of differentiation are required for leukemia development." SIGNOR-260077 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser43 FGYQRRAsDDGKLTD 9606 7935389 t gcesareni "Pka can inhibit raf-1 function directly via phosphorylation of the raf-1 kinase domain" SIGNOR-34761 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 9606 9927207 t llicata "We have investigated which of the shc tyrosine residues are targeted by the vegfr3/ flt4 kinase and the role of the shc ptb and sh2 domains in this process. Our results show that y239/ y240 and y313 are simultaneously phosphorylated by the kinase, creating grb2 binding sites." SIGNOR-64190 PTPN3 protein P26045 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr796 GGTGGSVyTEDNDDD 9606 BTO:0000007 10364224 t "Identification of VCP as a substrate of PTPH1in vivo.|The tyrosines (Tyr796 and Tyr805) at the C terminus of VCP have been reported to be the major sites of phosphorylation, with Tyr805 accounting for more than 90% of the tyrosine phosphorylation on the protein |The Y796F/Y805F VCP mutant was not associated with any of the PTPH1 constructs." SIGNOR-248460 YES1 protein P07947 UNIPROT YES1 protein P07947 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr426 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 9794236 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation of Src and Yes blocks their inactivation by Csk phosphorylation" SIGNOR-247014 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1252 QPTLPSSsPVPIPVS 9606 BTO:0000567 37584777 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on mass spec table" lperfetto "CDK1 phosphorylates AMBRA1 at T1209 and S1223. |CDK1-mediated phosphorylation primes PLK1 phosphorylation on AMBRA1|In this work, we show that AMBRA1 is sequentially phosphorylated at mitosis by CDK1 and PLK1 on multiple sites. In particular, CDK1 is responsible for the early phosphorylations on T1209 and S1223, and it promotes additional late phosphorylation events by PLK1 on AMBRA1. Altogether, these phosphorylation events are critical for proper spindle function and orientation. Indeed, phosphorylated AMBRA1 can interact with NUMA1 and is responsible for NUMA1 proper localization at the cell cortex. Moreover, we observe that loss of AMBRA1 leads to PLK1 protein stabilization and to an increase in phospho-NUMA1 levels which, in turn, contributes to spindle orientation defects." SIGNOR-272969 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15031210 t "We then characterized the human gilz promoter and showed that FoxO3 (Forkhead box class O3) binding to the Forkhead responsive elements identified in the promoter is necessary for induction of gilz expression upon IL-2 withdrawal" SIGNOR-256094 NDUFA6 protein P56556 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262157 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser71 ANLRKLNsRLFVIRG 9606 phosphorylation:Ser71 ANLRKLNsRLFVIRG 21892142 t lperfetto "Ampk was shown to regulate the stability of the core clock component cry1 though phosphorylation of cry1 ser71, which stimulates the direct binding of the fbox protein fbxl3 to cry1, targeting it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-216546 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 12485996 t lperfetto "Strikingly, as well as H2AX, the nucleosome core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 were all ubiquitylated efficiently by BRCA1/BARD1, while the linker histone H1 was not (Figure 3).| Generally, histone proteins are required for compaction of nuclear DNA into chromatin, and their modification is thought to loosen this compaction. Therefore, one might envisage that ubiquitylation of γH2AX by BRCA1/BARD1 at DNA breaks modulates local chromatin packaging to facilitate the action of DNA repair enzymes." SIGNOR-263235 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR GEN1 protein Q17RS7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31409866 t miannu "(WDR23) isoforms differentially ubiquitinate (GEN1). In the presence of the necessary components for a successful ubiquitination reaction (CUL4A-DDB1-WDR23 complex, UBE1, UBE2D1, ubiquitin, and ATP) GEN1 receives the addition of ubiquitin in a time dependent manner." SIGNOR-272263 OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257417 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser317 SHLASPPsLGEMQQL 9606 19584320 t lperfetto "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-216491 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser42 TLLIRNGsEVRDPLV -1 8506364 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assays show that Ser-59 can be uniquely phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinase and that Ser-42 can be phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or protein kinase C." SIGNOR-248936 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT IREB2 protein P48200 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser157 LQKAGKLsPVKVQPK 9606 18574241 t "IRP2 Ser-157 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cyclin B1 during G(2)/M and is dephosphorylated during mitotic exit by the phosphatase Cdc14A. Ser-157 phosphorylation during G(2)/M reduces IRP2 RNA-binding activity and increases ferritin synthesis, whereas Ser-157 dephosphorylation during mitotic exit restores IRP2 RNA-binding activity and represses ferritin synthesis." SIGNOR-248829 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser337 QLAKCVSsPHFQVAE 9606 16456541 t gcesareni "Iex-1 binds to b56 subunits and perk independently, enhances b56 phosphorylation by erk at a conserved ser/pro site in this complex and triggers dissociation from the catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-144313 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 BTO:0002181 24482235 t flangone "The interaction of Beta-catenin with Tcf is important for Beta-catenin s's function in iPSCs induction. In addition, Beta-catenin interacts with Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4, respectively. In the reprogramming process, Beta-catenin further enhances expression of pluripotency-related genes." SIGNOR-242087 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT VIL1 protein P09327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19371634 f miannu "We concluded that cdx2 regulates intestinal villin expression through recruiting brm-type swi/snf complex to the villin promoter." SIGNOR-185486 "Class I MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C426 SIGNOR CD8A protein P01732 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21954283 t scontino "Molecular recognition of pMHCI complexes is mediated primarily by clonally distributed TCRs expressed on the surface of CTLs. The coreceptor CD8 contributes to this antigen-recognition process by binding to a largely invariant region of the MHCI molecule and by promoting intracellular signaling, the effects of which serve to enhance TCR stimuli triggered by cognate ligands." SIGNOR-267991 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser404 SMRPDVSsPPSSSST 9606 18838540 t gcesareni "We found hormone-dependent GR phosphorylation on serine 404 by GSK-3beta [ ]Cells expressing a GR that is incapable of GSK-3beta phosphorylation had a redirection of the global transcriptional response to hormone, including the activation of additional signaling pathways, in part due to the altered ability of unphosphorylatable GR to recruit transcriptional cofactors CBP/p300 and the p65 (RelA) subunit of NF-kappaB" SIGNOR-181541 GABRB3 protein P28472 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263772 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT HBP1 protein O60381 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser402 GFSKNCGsPGSSQLS 9606 14612426 t lperfetto "A mutation of the p38 map kinase phosphorylation site at aa 401 [(s-a)401hbp1] also triggered hbp1 protein instability. While protein stability was compromised by mutation, the specific activities of (s-a)401hbp1 and of wild-type hbp1 appeared comparable for transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-119138 lisinopril chemical CHEBI:43755 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 12540854 t Monia "The structure of tACE bound to the potent inhibitor lisinopril shows that the inhibitor binds in a highly ordered (overall B-factor of 15.26 A˚ 2)" SIGNOR-261070 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr496 HIIENPQyFSDACVH 9606 9099755 t gcesareni "In vitro studies indicate that trka autophosphorylates at tyrosines 490, 670, 674, 675, and 785" SIGNOR-47167 DRD4 protein P21917 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256982 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260020 SRP19 protein P09132 UNIPROT SRP68 protein Q9UHB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 30649418 t miannu "Mammalian SRP comprises the highly base-paired SRP RNA (also referred to as 7SL RNA) of ∼300 nt and six proteins (SRP9, SRP14, SRP19, SRP54, SRP68 and SRP72) (Figure ​(Figure1A).1A). The hierarchy of protein addition always starts with the scaffolding protein SRP19 (together with SRP9/14 for the entire SRP) followed by SRP68/72 and finally by SRP54." SIGNOR-261167 KDM5D protein Q9BY66 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264308 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23024368 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of this site downregulates nanog, sox2, rex1 and upregulates bmp4, gata6, ddlx5." SIGNOR-270085 IFNGR2 protein P38484 UNIPROT IFNGR2/INFGR1 complex SIGNOR-C142 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 19041276 t lperfetto "The activation of this signaling pathway involves the binding of IFN-g to two IFN-g receptor (IFN-gR) subunits, made up of respective IFNgR1:IFNgR2 pairs, which dimerize upon IFN-g binding to form the IFN-gR complex. Two JAKs, JAK1and JAK2,which bind to each IFN-gR subunits, respectively through their N-terminal domains, both become activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in a JAK2-dependent process." SIGNOR-249486 "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257728 OPHN1 protein O60890 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 12932438 f miannu "These results based on the immunodetection of the endogenous protein clearly show that OPHN1 colocalizes with F-actin in both neuronal and glial cells and suggest that OPHN-1 interacts with actin." SIGNOR-268400 ANGPT1 protein Q15389 UNIPROT MYH2 protein Q9UKX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 26042050 f lperfetto "Exogenous Ang-1 enhanced myogenic (MyoD and Myogenin) mRNA in differentiating myoblasts and increased myosin heavy chain protein." SIGNOR-241557 SLIT2 protein O94813 UNIPROT ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR up-regulates binding -1 16226035 t miannu "Here we describe and compare two human robo3 isoforms, robo3a and robo3b, which differ by the insertion of 26 amino acids at the n-terminus, and these forms appear to be evolutionary conserved. We investigated the bioactivity of these isoforms and show that they have different binding properties to slit." SIGNOR-268377 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT DUOX1 protein Q9NRD9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1217 SHHFRRRsFRGFWLT 9606 19144650 t llicata "We analyzed the duox1 phosphorylation state with an anti-rxx(ps/pt) antibody that could potentially recognize phosphorylation on ser955 and ser1217 but not on thr1007. duox1 but not duox2 activity is stimulated by forskolin (ec50 = 0.1 _m) via protein kinase a-mediated duox1 phosphorylation on serine 955. duox1 is positively regulated by the camp-dependent protein kinase a (pka)6 cascade" SIGNOR-183445 "MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C89 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-268801 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB6 protein P18564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257631 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT LDHA protein P00338 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9192621 f "Our studies have linked c-Myc to the induction of LDH-A, whose expression increases lactate production and is necessary for c-Myc-mediated transformation" SIGNOR-259367 ASIP protein P42127 UNIPROT MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268713 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 BTO:0000776 17339337 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-153483 CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000725 24332853 f miannu "PRMT4 blocks myeloid differentiation of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells While PRMT4 promotes differentiation in several biological systems including T cell, adipocyte and muscle development, it blocks differentiation in the hematopoietic system, allowing HSPCs to maintain stemness. " SIGNOR-261968 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR IHO1 protein Q8IYA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271239 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CRTC1 protein Q6UUV9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21331044 t lperfetto "Here we show that both ampk and calcineurin modulate longevity exclusively through post-translational modification of crtc-1, the sole c. elegans crtc. We demonstrate that crtc-1 is a direct ampk target." SIGNOR-216529 JUND protein P17535 UNIPROT FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 13679379 t Luana "Members of the AP1 family distinctly regulated the fra-1 promoter. In particular, coexpression of c-Jun, Jun-D, and Fra-2 up-regulated fra-1 transcription. " SIGNOR-261603 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 CGSSGYFsSSPTLSS 9606 22017876 t llicata "Deptor is phosphorylated by s6k1 and rsk1 on the degron serine residues upon serum stimulation s6k1/rsk1 and _trcp are required for ubiquitination and degradation of endogenous deptor upon mitogen stimulation." SIGNOR-176866 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23633519 t lperfetto "Akt is a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays important roles in cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. It is activated after binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates pips) with phosphate groups at positions 3,4 and 3,4,5 on the inositol ring." SIGNOR-252641 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12354302 t miannu "SEL-10 interacts with presenilin 1, facilitates its ubiquitination, and alters A-beta peptide production SEL-10 protein is a homologue of yeast Cdc4, a member of the SCF (Skp1-Cdc53/CUL1-F-box protein) E2-E3 ubiquitin ligase family. In this study, we show that human SEL-10 interacts with PS1 and enhances PS1 ubiquitination, thus altering cellular levels of unprocessed PS1 and its N- and C-terminal fragments. These observations suggest that SEL-10 mediated ubiquitination of PS1-CTF and PS1-NTF leads to their degradation." SIGNOR-272601 irinotecan chemical CHEBI:80630 ChEBI TOP1MT protein Q969P6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15170677 t miannu "Irinotecan (7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]-carbonyloxycamptothecin; CPT-11) is a widely used potent antitumor drug that inhibits mammalian DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I)" SIGNOR-259315 KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT Cilium_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH64 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32348467 f miannu " We show that RNAi depletion of KIF14 specifically leads to defects in ciliogenesis and basal body (BB) biogenesis, as its absence hampers the efficiency of primary cilium formation and the dynamics of primary cilium elongation, and disrupts the localization of the distal appendage proteins SCLT1 and FBF1 and components of the IFT-B complex. " SIGNOR-266421 PROC protein P04070 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Activated protein C (APC), which cleaves and inactivates both FVIIIa and FVa, thereby shutting down both the tenase and prothrombinase complexes" SIGNOR-263528 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT Metabolism phenotype SIGNOR-PH77 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17415528 f "HIF-1 has been known as a major transcription factor for the induction of virtually all genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, which allows hypoxic tumor cells to take up glucose more efficiently and metabolize pyruvate to lactate" SIGNOR-256591 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT NDRG1 protein Q92597 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11494141 f miannu "Defects in PTEN, a tumor suppressor, have been found in cancers arising in a variety of human tissues. To elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of this gene, we have been analysing expression profiles of cancer cells after introduction of exogenous PTEN. Those experiments identified 99 candidate genes that were transcriptionally transactivated. Among them, we report here the further analyses of eight genes, EGR2/Krox-20, BPOZ, APS, HCLS1/HS1, DUSP1/MKP1, NDRG1/Drg1/RTP, NFIL3/E4BP4, and a novel gene (PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase)." SIGNOR-260054 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 BTO:0000007 15466476 t lperfetto "Cot proteins were used in an in vitro kinase assay using mek as a substrate. Samples were analyzed by western blotting. As seen in the cascade activity assay only wild-type cot was active against mekregulation of cot is of great interest to the signaling field since the cot/mek/erk pathway potentially plays a role in the etiology of inflammatory autoimmune diseases." SIGNOR-129698 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 SKASSRRsSFSMEEG 10090 23599343 t "This occurs following PKCβ phosphorylation of TFEB on three serine residues located in its last 15 amino acids. This post-translational modification stabilizes and increases the activity of this transcription factor." SIGNOR-255315 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser460 STSVLHSsPLNVFMG 21690413 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Cdc2-dependent phosphorylation on a γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) recruitment protein, Nedd1/GCP-WD, at the previously uncharacterized S460 residue induces the Nedd1-Plk1 interaction" SIGNOR-272972 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 8019002 t miannu "Phosphorylation of neurofilament-L protein (NF-L) by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) inhibits the reassembly of NF-L and disassembles filamentous NF-L." SIGNOR-252401 HUWE1 protein Q7Z6Z7 UNIPROT MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 30217973 t lperfetto "AMBRA1 regulates mitophagy at two critical steps. Upon mitophagy stimulation, AMBRA1 mediates the HUWE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase translocation from cytosol to mitochondria (light blue). AMBRA1 acts as a cofactor for HUWE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, favouring its binding to its substrate MFN2 (and maybe other OMM substrates) and targeting it to the proteasome" SIGNOR-272978 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser937 SNLTRSSsSDSIHSV 9606 21525957 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser 402 impedes phosphatase activity of slingshot 1." SIGNOR-173437 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1356 YVHVNATyVNVKCVA 9606 21454675 t "Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (RPTP-beta) directly dephosphorylates and regulates hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/Met) function.|Expression of RPTP-β in primary human keratinocytes reduces both basal and HGF-induced Met phosphorylation at tyrosine 1356 and inhibits downstream MEK1/2 and Erk activation" SIGNOR-248440 VAMP8 protein Q9BV40 UNIPROT "STX11-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C273 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 22767500 t lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23. " SIGNOR-261896 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253174 NLRX1 protein Q86UT6 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002181 18219313 f Giorgia "NLRX1 synergistically potentiated ROS production induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha, Shigella infection and double-stranded RNA, resulting in amplified NF-kappaB-dependent and JUN amino-terminal kinases-dependent signalling. We observed that NLRX1-positive cells showed increased p65 translocation as early as 15 min after infection, an effect that was maintained over time." SIGNOR-260358 RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser176 KWRMMSLsQSRSSKS 9606 16824733 t amattioni "In summary, our results indicate that s176 is a regulatory autophosphorylation site for rip2 and that s176 phosphorylation can be used to monitor the activation state of rip2." SIGNOR-229701 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17543862 t miannu "Aurora B Interacts with the Cul3 Complex during Mitosis and Is Ubiquitylated in a Cul3-Dependent Manner In Vivo and In Vitro. our results suggest that Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 activity is required to remove the chromosomal passenger protein Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, and that Aurora B is ubiquitylated in vivo and in vitro in a KLHL9/13-dependent manner. We conclude that the Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 E3 ligase is an important cell-cycle regulator which, in addition to the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), coordinates mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis." SIGNOR-271662 sabcomeline chemical CHEBI:134846 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 9399977 t miannu "SB 202026 (R-(Z)-(+)-alpha-(methoxyimino)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2] octane-3-acetonitrile) displaced [3H]-oxotremorine-M from muscarinic receptors in the rat brain with high affinity (IC50 = 14 nM), a potency similar to that of oxotremorine-M itself (IC50 = 13 nM), but exhibited low affinity for cholinergic nicotinic receptors and other neuroreceptors. In studies using cloned human muscarinic receptors, SB 202026 possessed approximately equal affinity in displacing [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate from all muscarinic receptor subtypes" SIGNOR-258674 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg1046 HHAPLSPrTFHPLRS -1 10026263 t lperfetto "Factor VIIa/tissue factor generates a form of factor V with unchanged specific activity, resistance to activation by thrombin, and increased sensitivity to activated protein C| In this study, we found that TF/VIIa was able to cleave multiple peptide bonds in the coagulation cofactor, factor V. SDS-PAGE analysis and sequencing indicated the factor V was cleaved at Arg679, Arg709, Arg1018, and Arg1192" SIGNOR-263645 dimethyloxalylglycine chemical CHEBI:102218 ChEBI EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000018 28900510 t lperfetto "We treated the A549 cells with the following EGLN/PHD inhibitors: dimethyloxalyglycine (DMOG), CoCl2, inhibitors of dioxygenases, and BAY 85-3494 (BAY), a specific inhibitor of EGLNs with highest potency against EGLN1." SIGNOR-261993 GPSM3 protein Q9Y4H4 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22843681 t lperfetto "GPSM3 acts through its two GoLoco motifs to exert GDP dissociation inhibitor activity over Galpha(i) subunits|interactions between GPSM3 and Galphai1 or Gbeta1 (20) was assayed by BRET." SIGNOR-264864 CNTN6 protein Q9UQ52 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 15082708 t gcesareni "Here, we establish that nb-3, a member of the f3/contactin family, acts as a novel notch ligand to participate in oligodendrocyte generation. Nb-3 triggers nuclear translocation of the notch intracellular domain and promotes oligodendrogliogenesis from progenitor cells and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via deltex1." SIGNOR-254318 GNE protein Q9Y223 UNIPROT UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine smallmolecule CHEBI:16264 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10745088 t lperfetto "UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase is a bifunctional enzyme and catalyzes the first two steps of neuraminic acid synthesis in the cytosol, the conversion of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to ManAc and the phosphorylation to ManAc-6-phosphate." SIGNOR-266073 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM9 protein Q9C026 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271085 POLR1D protein P0DPB6 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266146 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT TEAD2 protein Q15562 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "YAP/TAZ mainly bind to the transcription factors TEAD1??4 to regulate genes involved in cell proliferation and cell death." gcesareni "When dephosphorylated, yap/taz enter nuclei and induce gene transcription by interacting with transcription factors tead14." SIGNOR-201382 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 9200440 t gcesareni "Hese data imply that c-cbl is a molecular adapter that regulates the function of vav" SIGNOR-49188 RPL22L1 protein Q6P5R6 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262498 "Blood vessel damage" stimulus SIGNOR-ST26 SIGNOR VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 NBK559062 f lperfetto "Exposed VWF bound to collagen from vascular injury and endothelial damage adheres to the GPIb receptor on platelets to initiate signaling pathways for platelet activation, the next step in primary hemostasis. VW|VWF released by Weibel-Palade bodies or alpha-granules can enter circulation or accumulate in the subendothelial matrix binding to collagen through its A3 domain. Once exposed under high shear stress conditions in the arterial circulation, VWF can bind to platelets via its A1 domain." SIGNOR-261862 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1668 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269364 LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr161;Tyr200 DDYHNPGyLVVLPDS;SMESIDDyVNVPESG 11368773 t lperfetto "By substituting these tyrosine residues in LAT with phenylalanine and by utilizing phosphorylated peptides derived from these sites, we mapped the tyrosine residues in LAT required for the direct interaction and activation of Vav, p85/p110alpha and phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1). Our results indicate that Tyr(226) and Tyr(191) are required for Vav binding, whereas Tyr(171) and Tyr(132) are necessary for association and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and PLCgamma1 respectively." SIGNOR-246060 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser189 YRPKPSSsPVIFAGG 9606 17475908 t miannu "We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B)." SIGNOR-262915 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT BAG2 protein O95816 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 GRFCRSSsMADRSSR 9606 BTO:0000567 15271996 t lperfetto "We provided definite evidence that mapkapk2 phosphorylates bag2 at ser 20 in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that bag2 is a novel component of the p38 mapk signaling pathways." SIGNOR-126953 PSMD1 protein Q99460 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263354 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLD1 protein Q13393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser561 PRKFSKFsLYKQLHR 9606 10441128 t gcesareni "Serine 2, threonine 147, and serine 561 were identified as phosphorylation sites of pld1 by pkcalpha in the cells." SIGNOR-69934 FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257420 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr494 TPLHRDKtPLHQKHA 9606 9840932 t lperfetto "The cell-cycle regulated transcription factor b-myb is phosphorylated by cyclin a/cdk2 at sites that enhance its transactivation properties. we show that b-myb is phosphorylated at thr447, thr490, thr497 and ser581 by cyclin a/cdk4" SIGNOR-217264 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr100 FDKDGNGyISAAELR 9606 7925415 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of calmodulin by the epidermal-growth-factor-receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylated calmodulin does not exhibit the characteristic ca2+ shift normally observed with calmodulin in electrophoretic gels, an observation that is consistent with this modification affecting the biological activity of the molecule." SIGNOR-34691 valrubicin chemical CHEBI:135876 ChEBI TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 16019763 t miannu "Valrubicin (N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate) is a semi-synthetic derivative of the anthracycline doxorubicin. Valrubicin inhibits the incorporation of nucleosides into nucleic acids, causing extensive chromosomal damage and cell-cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Its principal metabolites inhibit topoisomerase II, thus arresting DNA synthesis." SIGNOR-259383 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser327 DPEMEEDsYDSFGEP -1 9558331 t llicata "In vitro the large hydrophilic loop of PS-2 between transmembrane domains 6 and 7 can be phosphorylated by casein kinase-1 (CK-1) and CK-2, but not by PKA or PKC. Quantitative analysis of in vitro phosphorylation demonstrates the presence of two phosphorylation sites for CK-1 and a single site for CK-2. A deletion analysis revealed that the CTF of PS-2 is phosphorylated in vivo within an acidic sequence containing three potential phosphorylation sites for CKs (serines 327, 330, and 335). These data suggest that CK type protein kinases phosphorylate the CTF of PS-2 within its hydrophilic loop domain in vivo. Interestingly, the potential phosphorylation sites are located directly adjacent to the recently identified caspase cleavage sites." SIGNOR-250800 Ubiquitinated-Viral_Protein complex SIGNOR-C427 SIGNOR "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15571818 t scontino "The proteasome system is the central proteolytic system of the eukaryotic cell [1] and plays an important role in the generation of MHC-class I peptides. The enzyme complex responsible for the selectivity of intracellular protein degradation is the 26S proteasome that degrades poly-ubiquitinated substrates." SIGNOR-267767 3-[4-[4-[2-[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl]-1-ethyl-3-pyrazolyl]phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea chemical CHEBI:91362 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 19567821 t miannu "The protein kinases, Aurora A, B, and C have critical roles in the regulation of mitosis and are frequently overexpressed or amplified in human tumors. GSK1070916, is a novel ATP competitive inhibitor that is highly potent and selective for Aurora B/C kinases." SIGNOR-262225 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr302 GYRDSGYyWEVPPSE 9534 9020159 t lperfetto "A-raf behaves like raf-1, being weakly activated by oncogenic ras more strongly activated by oncogenic src, and these signals synergize to give maximal activation" SIGNOR-236459 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256838 MAGOH protein P61326 UNIPROT "Exon junction complex" complex SIGNOR-C369 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16923391 t miannu "The EJC is deposited onto mRNA during splicing and is transported to the cytoplasm where it influences translation, surveillance, and localization of the spliced mRNA. The complex is formed by the association of four proteins (eIF4AIII, Barentsz [Btz], Mago, and Y14), mRNA, and ATP." SIGNOR-265243 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM56 protein Q9BRZ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270961 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR -1 10557092 t lperfetto "The physical association and phosphorylation of Cdc25C protein phosphatase by Prk. | Further studies reveal that His6-Prk phosphorylates Cdc25C on serine216, a residue also phosphorylated by Chk1 and Chk2. Together, these observations strongly suggest that Prk's role in mitosis is at least partly mediated through direct regulation of Cdc25C." SIGNOR-249030 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr436 FHRNHTAtVRSHAEN 9606 BTO:0000661 11123317 t lperfetto "Here, we present a selective mutagenesis analysis of two conserved threonine residues (T410 and T412) located at the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic region of CD5. These residues are contained within consensus phosphorylation motifs for protein kinase C and are shown here to be critical for in vivo protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of CD5. " SIGNOR-249075 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr3950 GHAFGSAtQFLPVPE 9606 17189255 t gcesareni "Ir-induced dna-pkcs phosphorylation at thr-2609 and ser-2056, however, exhibits distinct kinetics indicating that they are differentially regulated. Although dna-pkcs autophosphorylates itself at ser-2056 after ir, we have reported here that atm mediates dna-pkcs phosphorylation at thr-2609 as well as at the adjacent (s/t)q motifs within the thr-2609 cluster." SIGNOR-151453 Degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH92 SIGNOR IL5 protein P05113 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000830 17259966 f apalma "The array of mediators released by human mast cells is enormous and explains how mast cells can be involved in so many different physiological and pathophysiological functions. Of particular relevance [...] cytokines, such as IL-3 -basophil recruitment and activation-, IL-5 -eosinophil recruitment and activation- and IL-13 -induction of IgE synthesis by B cells." SIGNOR-255346 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 8454633 t gcesareni "Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin. Dephosphorylated by ptpreand ptpn1 at tyr-999, tyr-1185, tyr-1189 and tyr-1190." SIGNOR-39159 "Vps34 Complex I" complex SIGNOR-C242 SIGNOR Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 30397185 f lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260325 NUP85 protein Q9BW27 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262093 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CADM1 protein Q9BY67 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 18794147 f lperfetto "Treatment with mithramycin A, an inhibitor of Sp1 or Sp3 binding, resulted in reduction of Cadm1 gene expression, therefore suggesting a potential role of Sp1/Sp3 in Cadm1 regulation." SIGNOR-268958 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser741 TKADKRRsVRIGSYI 9823 BTO:0004007 7539802 t lperfetto "We present here the identification of the major phosphorylation sites for PKC in Kit/SCFR. Two serine residues in the kinase insert, Ser-741 and Ser-746, are PKC-dependent phosphorylation sites in vivo and account for all phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Two additional serine residues, Ser-821 close to the major tyrosine autophosphorylation site in the kinase domain and Ser-959 in the carboxyl terminus are SCF-stimulated PKC-dependent phosphorylation sites. | Furthermore, the kinase activity of Kit/SCFR(S741A/S746A) toward an exogenous substrate was increased, which was reflected as a decreased Km and an increased Vmax, in accordance with the negative regulatory role of PKC on Kit/SCFR signaling." SIGNOR-248898 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10490659 t "JNK bound to an NH2-terminal reagion of JIP1 (residues 283 to 660)." gcesareni "These experiments demonstrated that 10 different jnk isoforms bound to both jip proteins." SIGNOR-70851 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271565 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser932 CDSGVETsFRKLSFT 10090 BTO:0000944 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C13 11297557 t lperfetto "The i b kinase (ikk) complex rapidly phosphorylates nf- b1 p105 on serine 927 in the pest region romashkova et al. demonstrated that akt binds to and activates inhibitor of kappa b kinase-alfa (ikkalfa), which in turn phosphorylates and thereby promotes the degradation of the inhibitory cofactor of nf-kb, i-kb the scf-betatrcp complex is responsible for the ubiquitination of p100 and p105 following their phosphorylation by ikk." SIGNOR-235442 CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Calpains also modulate the activity of CDK5. Physiologically, CDK 5 is activated by p35 and its cleaved product p25. The latter has a longer half life than p35 and therefore it is a more potent activator of CDK5. The cleavage of p35 to p25 is mediated by calpain" SIGNOR-251581 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SLC19A1 protein P41440 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 15652157 f "Collectively, these results identify transcriptionally important regions in the hRFC-C minimal promoter that include a GC-box and CCAAT-box, and suggest that cooperative interactions between Sp1 and C/EBP beta are essential for hRFC-C transactivation." SIGNOR-254064 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser335 YDSFGEPsYPEVFEP -1 9558331 t llicata "In vitro the large hydrophilic loop of PS-2 between transmembrane domains 6 and 7 can be phosphorylated by casein kinase-1 (CK-1) and CK-2, but not by PKA or PKC. Quantitative analysis of in vitro phosphorylation demonstrates the presence of two phosphorylation sites for CK-1 and a single site for CK-2. A deletion analysis revealed that the CTF of PS-2 is phosphorylated in vivo within an acidic sequence containing three potential phosphorylation sites for CKs (serines 327, 330, and 335). These data suggest that CK type protein kinases phosphorylate the CTF of PS-2 within its hydrophilic loop domain in vivo. Interestingly, the potential phosphorylation sites are located directly adjacent to the recently identified caspase cleavage sites." SIGNOR-250802 LRFN5 protein Q96NI6 UNIPROT PTPRS protein Q13332 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27225731 t miannu "SALM5 trans-synaptically interacts with LAR-RPTPs in a splicing-dependent manner to regulate synapse development. we identified LAR-RPTPs as novel ligands of SALM5 that mediates SALM5-dependent presynaptic differentiation in a splicing-dependent manner. Our data indicate that SALM5 interacts with all three known LAR-RPTPs—LAR, PTPδ, and PTPσ (Fig. 1)." SIGNOR-264088 MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fission phenotype SIGNOR-PH143 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33610749 f lperfetto "These proteins include the classical mitochondrial fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) and fission proteins (DRP1, MFF, FIS1, etc.) as well as several other proteins that are directly or indirectly involved in these processes (e.g. YME1L, OMA1, INF2, GDAP1, MIC13, etc." SIGNOR-272983 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT SUZ12/EZH2 complex SIGNOR-C77 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16712789 t miannu "Suz12 is a polycomb group protein that forms polycomb repressive complexes (prc2/3) together with eed and histone methyltransferase ezh2." SIGNOR-146758 OPA3 protein Q9H6K4 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fission phenotype SIGNOR-PH143 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20372962 f lperfetto "Optic atrophy 3 as a protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane induces mitochondrial fragmentation|Together, these results indicate that OPA3, as an integral MOM protein, has a crucial role in mitochondrial fission, and provides a direct link between mitochondrial morphology and optic atrophy." SIGNOR-272988 MSL1 protein Q68DK7 UNIPROT "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16227571 t miannu "We describe a stable, multisubunit human histone acetyltransferase complex (hMSL) that contains homologs of the Drosophila dosage compensation proteins MOF, MSL1, MSL2, and MSL3. This complex shows strong specificity for histone H4 lysine 16 in chromatin in vitro, and RNA interference-mediated knockdown experiments reveal that it is responsible for the majority of H4 acetylation at lysine 16 in the cell." SIGNOR-263942 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1386 FVDSGEMsESFPYRT 9606 BTO:0000551 17434128 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cbp by ikkalpha promotes cell growth by switching the binding preference of cbp from p53 to nf-kappabhere, we show that ikkalpha phosphorylates cbp at serine 1382 and serine 1386 and consequently increases cbp's hat and transcriptional activities" SIGNOR-154333 "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 25720354 t scontino "APCs cell surface receptors facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is in these compartments that internalized antigen proteolysis and peptide–MHC class II complex formation takes place." SIGNOR-267860 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF133 protein Q8WVZ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271205 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 SIGNOR-C13 20404331 f lperfetto "In mouse muscles, overexpression of PGC-1beta (like PGC-1alpha) inhibited denervation atrophy, ubiquitin ligase induction, and transcription by NFkappaB" SIGNOR-217969 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257804 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MED1 protein Q15648 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12356758 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-binding protein (pbp). Stimulation of transcriptional regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinase" SIGNOR-270106 POLR3A protein O14802 UNIPROT Viral_dsRNA stimulus SIGNOR-ST21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19631370 t miannu "Here we show that the cytosolic poly(dA-dT) DNA is converted into 5′-ppp RNA to induce IFN-β through the RIG-I pathway. Biochemical purification led to the identification of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III (Pol-III) as the enzyme responsible for synthesizing 5′-ppp RNA from the poly(dA-dT) template. Inhibition of RNA Pol-III prevents IFN-β induction by transfection of DNA or infection with DNA viruses." SIGNOR-265563 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR PIP4K2C protein Q8TBX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser324 GPPALVGsYGTSPEG 9606 BTO:0000567 25372051 t miannu " PIP4kγ was phosphorylated by mTORC1 and associated with the complex. Phosphorylated PIP4kγ was enriched in light microsomal vesicles, whereas the unphosphorylated form was enriched in heavy microsomal vesicles associated with the Golgi. " SIGNOR-273680 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR PIP4K2C protein Q8TBX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser328 LVGSYGTsPEGIGGY 9606 BTO:0000567 25372051 t miannu " PIP4kγ was phosphorylated by mTORC1 and associated with the complex. Phosphorylated PIP4kγ was enriched in light microsomal vesicles, whereas the unphosphorylated form was enriched in heavy microsomal vesicles associated with the Golgi. " SIGNOR-273681 RUBCNL protein Q9H714 UNIPROT "HOPS tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C549 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30704899 t miannu "Under nutrient-rich conditions, mTORC1 phosphorylates Pacer at serine157 to disrupt the association of Pacer with Stx17 and the HOPS complex and thus abolishes Pacer-mediated autophagosome maturation. These results demonstrate that mTORC1-mediated Pacer phosphorylation at S157 inhibits autophagosome maturation by disrupting the association of Pacer with Stx17 and the HOPS complex" SIGNOR-273685 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr868 GSVEMCRyDPLQDNT 9606 BTO:0000007 20304997 t lperfetto "Tyrosines 868, 966, and 972 in the kinase domain of jak2 are autophosphorylated and required for maximal jak2 kinase activity" SIGNOR-236298 CXCL10 protein P02778 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32283152 f miannu "High levels of expression of IL-1B, IFN-γ, IP-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) have been detected in patients with COVID-19. These inflammatory cytokines may activate the T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell response. Th1 activation is a key event in the activation of specific immunity." SIGNOR-261025 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Lys-tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:16047 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270406 olanzapine chemical CHEBI:7735 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258506 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser371 AHSSHLKsKKGQSTS 9606 9315650 t llicata "The cdk7-cych-p36 complex of transcription factor iih phosphorylates p53, enhancing its sequence-specific dna binding activity in vitro. serines 371, 376, 378, and 392 may be the potential sites for this kinase." SIGNOR-51280 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr106 SGNSAEEyYENVPCK -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273570 VPS11 protein Q9H270 UNIPROT "HOPS tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C549 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273686 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT IGHD protein P01880 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271542 PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257174 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20694162 t miannu "α-MSH can activate both melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) and melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1R)" SIGNOR-252373 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser12 GFESYGSsSYGGAGG -1 9295339 t lperfetto "We showed previously that UV irradiation increases phosphorylation of the p34 subunit of human replication protein A (RPA) and that this hyperphosphorylation correlated with loss of activity of the DNA replication complex. | we detected phosphorylation of the RPA complex by DNA-PK on RPA-p34 sites Ser-23, Ser-29, and Ser-11, -12, or -13" SIGNOR-248981 VPS16 protein Q9H269 UNIPROT "HOPS tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C549 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273687 VPS18 protein Q9P253 UNIPROT "HOPS tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C549 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273688 VPS39 protein Q96JC1 UNIPROT "HOPS tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C549 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273690 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AHNAK protein Q09666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr5794 REFSGPStPTGTLEF 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262767 STK38L protein Q9Y2H1 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser495 GVLARKMsLGGGRPY 10090 35670107 t "STK38L ubiquitination promotes its activation and phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser495, rendering ULK1 in a permissive state for TRIM27-mediated hyper-ubiquitination" SIGNOR-270348 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000552 11013220 t irozzo "TGF-β induces the formation and nuclear translocation of a trimeric Smad complex, which in this case is likely to consist of one monomer each of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. Smad2 and Smad4 associate directly with Sp1 and co-activate the transcriptional activity of Sp1." SIGNOR-256288 VPS33A protein Q96AX1 UNIPROT "HOPS tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C549 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273691 "HOPS tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C549 SIGNOR SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273692 UBE4B protein O95155 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 21317885 t miannu "We show that ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B), an E3 and E4 ubiquitin ligase, physically interacts with p53 and Hdm2 (also known as Mdm2 in mice). UBE4B promotes p53 polyubiquitination and degradation and inhibits p53-dependent transactivation and apoptosis. " SIGNOR-271907 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser15 FSFGTLSsWELEAWY 9606 BTO:0000567 12876286 t llicata "CHOP transcription factor phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 inhibits transcriptional activation. | The serine to alanine substituted site CHOP mutant was not phosphorylated by CK2, indicating that serines 14–15 and 30–31 of CHOP are the CK2 phosphoacceptor sites" SIGNOR-250851 VPS16 protein Q9H269 UNIPROT "CORVET tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C550 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273696 VPS33A protein Q96AX1 UNIPROT "CORVET tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C550 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273697 FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18077588 t areggio "Here we show that both Fz and Dvl functions are critical for Wnt-induced Lrp6 phosphorylation through Fz-Lrp6 interaction." SIGNOR-258966 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 12242151 t lperfetto "We find short peptides representing the alpha-helical BH3 domains of BID or BIM are capable of inducing oligomerization of BAK and BAX to release cytochrome c." SIGNOR-92939 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser851 SLSSLNSsESDKDQD 10090 BTO:0000944 10671552 t llicata "Casein kinase II phosphorylation of E-cadherin increases E-cadherin/beta-catenin interaction and strengthens cell-cell adhesion. | Under these conditions, phosphorylation of the E-cadherin double mutant S853A/S855A was reduced by 25% as compared with wt E-cadherin. | Expression of the E-cadherin double mutant S853A/S855A in NIH3T3 cells expressing Wnt-1 reduces cell-cell adhesion." SIGNOR-250840 BLOC-2 complex SIGNOR-C252 SIGNOR KIF13A protein Q9H1H9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30404817 t lperfetto "Recycling endosomes (REs) are transient endosomal tubular intermediates of early/sorting endosomes (E/SEs) that function in cargo recycling to the cell surface and deliver the cell type-specific cargo to lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes in melanocytes.|Taken together, these findings suggest that Rab22A promotes the assembly of a BLOC-1-BLOC-2-KIF13A complex on E/SEs to generate REs that maintain cellular and organelle homeostasis." SIGNOR-260702 PDK2 protein Q15119 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109563 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr66 EPICSVNtPREVTLH -1 16226275 t lperfetto "First, Erk phosphorylates HePTP at residues Thr45 and Ser72. Second, HePTP dephosphorylates Erk at PTyr185.|" SIGNOR-249437 VPS18 protein Q9P253 UNIPROT "CORVET tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C550 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273698 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA9 protein Q9Y5G4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265700 "CORVET tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C550 SIGNOR SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273699 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser863 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR-C3 19864431 t lperfetto "Our data that insulin-stimulated raptor ser863 phosphorylation requires kinase-active mtorc1 and displays rapamycin sensitivity in intact cells, together with the data of wang et al. (67) that mtor phosphorylates raptor ser863 in vitro, strongly suggest that mtor itself mediates raptor ser863 phosphorylation. / strikingly, raptor ser863 phosphorylation is absolutely required for raptor ser859 and ser855 phosphorylation. These data suggest that mtorc1 activation leads to raptor multisite phosphorylation and that raptor ser863 phosphorylation functions as a master biochemical switch that modulates hierarchical raptor phosphorylation" SIGNOR-188924 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163258 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser70 EAMNYEGsPIKVTLA 9606 19933706 t gcesareni "Simultaneous inactivation of two cdk phosphorylation sites at ser10 and ser70 (npm-aa) induced g(2)/m cell cycle arrest, phosphorylation of cdk1 at tyr15 (cdc2(tyr15)) and increased cytoplasmic accumulation of cdc25c." SIGNOR-161801 TBL1X protein O60907 UNIPROT SCF(TBL1) complex SIGNOR-C533 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "Upon UV-induced DNA damage, beta-catenin is recruited for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation by a unique, p53-induced SCF-like complex (SCF(TBL1)), comprised of Siah-1, Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1, transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). " SIGNOR-271948 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT CP protein P00450 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 9811851 t gcesareni "Binding of sonic hedgehog (shh) to patched (ptc) relieves the latter's tonic smoothened (smo), a receptor that spans the cell membrane seven times. Ptch exists in vertebrates as two isoforms, ptch1 and ptch2, which seem to be equivalent in terms of binding the three hh isoforms." SIGNOR-61549 ADCY7 protein P51828 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265007 ARHGAP35 protein Q9NRY4 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260492 CAST protein P20810 UNIPROT CAPN3 protein P20807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "In addition to Ca2+, calpastatin has a key role in the regulation of calpain. Calpastatin, a heat-stable protein ranging from ~70 to ~140 kDa of apparent molecular weight depending on the cell type, is considered a specific endogenous inhibitor of calpains|The calpastatin molecule contains four inhibitory units [75–77]. Each of these units binds to one calpain molecule [75–77]. Therefore, the ratio calpain/calpastatin plays a key role in the regulation of calpain activity [78–80]. The inhibitory effect of calpastatin requires Ca2+-dependent high-affinity binding to three sites of calpain" SIGNOR-251603 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT PELI3 protein Q8N2H9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17997719 t gcesareni "Pellino3 physically interacts with il-1r-associated kinase-1, tnf receptor-associated factor-6, tgf-beta-activated kinase-1, and nf-kappab-inducing kinase in an il-1-dependent manner in the present study, we demonstrate that irak1 and irak4 phosphorylate pellino isoforms in vitro and that phosphorylation greatly enhances pellino's e3 ubiquitin ligase activity." SIGNOR-159052 GAS2L1 protein Q99501 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24706950 f miannu "Previous work has shown that members of the growth-arrest-specific 2 (GAS2) family mediate the crosstalk between filamentous actin (F-actin) and MTs, but the molecular basis of this process remained unclear. By using fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that three members of this family, GAS2-like 1, GAS2-like 2 and GAS2-like 3 (G2L1, G2L2 and G2L3, also known as GAS2L1, GAS2L2 and GAS2L3, respectively) are differentially involved in mediating the crosstalk between F-actin and MTs. " SIGNOR-273700 GAS2 protein O43903 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24706950 f miannu "Previous work has shown that members of the growth-arrest-specific 2 (GAS2) family mediate the crosstalk between filamentous actin (F-actin) and MTs, but the molecular basis of this process remained unclear. By using fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that three members of this family, GAS2-like 1, GAS2-like 2 and GAS2-like 3 (G2L1, G2L2 and G2L3, also known as GAS2L1, GAS2L2 and GAS2L3, respectively) are differentially involved in mediating the crosstalk between F-actin and MTs. " SIGNOR-273701 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser844 GSGSEAAsLSSLNSS 17353278 t lperfetto "Casein kinase 1 is a novel negative regulator of E-cadherin-based cell-cell contacts|CK1 colocalizes with E-cadherin and phosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin in vitro and in a cell culture system. We show that the major CK1 phosphorylation site of E-cadherin is serine 846" SIGNOR-274047 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT SORT1 protein Q99523 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser793 RFLVHRYsVLQQHAE 9606 BTO:0000007 31767632 t miannu "PAKs specifically phosphorylate Ser15 of the sortilin-cd and alter its trafficking. It can be concluded that PAK1-3 may indeed instigate the phosphorylation of sortilin and that they target a single serine residue (Ser15) located in the kinase domain-binding site of the sortilin-cd. Full-length sortilins with the serine at position 793 (residue 15 in the cytoplasmic domain) (for the sequence, see Fig. 2). Phosphorylation (Ser15) downregulates the sortilin–AP-1 interaction." SIGNOR-273718 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr785 SINEMLStQALRLDE 9606 17396146 t gcesareni "The dna damage kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) phosphorylates taos in vitro;radiation induces phosphorylation of tao on a consensus site for phosphorylation by the atmprotein kinase in cells." SIGNOR-154175 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 TPPSTALsPGKMSEA 9606 SIGNOR-C17 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-169318 clotrimazole chemical CHEBI:3764 ChEBI KCNN4 protein O15554 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9730970 t miannu "IK was blocked by the classical inhibitors of the Gardos channel charybdotoxin (IC50 28 nM) and clotrimazole (IC50 153 nM) as well as by nitrendipine (IC50 27 nM), Stichodactyla toxin (IC50 291 nM), margatoxin (IC50 459 nM), miconazole (IC50 785 nM), econazole (IC50 2.4 microM), and cetiedil (IC50 79 microM). Finally, 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone, an opener of the T84 cell IK channel, activated hIK with an EC50 of 74 microM." SIGNOR-258832 NLGN1 protein Q8N2Q7 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264149 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 FSLLRGPsWDPFRDW 9606 20626350 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." gcesareni "Notably mk2 is well known to play an important role in actin filament remodellng by phosphorylating hsp27." SIGNOR-166629 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT SORT1 protein Q99523 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser793 RFLVHRYsVLQQHAE 9606 BTO:0000007 31767632 t miannu "PAKs specifically phosphorylate Ser15 of the sortilin-cd and alter its trafficking. It can be concluded that PAK1-3 may indeed instigate the phosphorylation of sortilin and that they target a single serine residue (Ser15) located in the kinase domain-binding site of the sortilin-cd. Full-length sortilins with the serine at position 793 (residue 15 in the cytoplasmic domain) (for the sequence, see Fig. 2). Phosphorylation (Ser15) downregulates the sortilin–AP-1 interaction." SIGNOR-273719 SORT1 protein Q99523 UNIPROT APOE protein P02649 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 23283348 t miannu "Here, we identified the pro-neurotrophin receptor sortilin as major endocytic pathway for clearance of APOE/Aβ complexes in neurons. Sortilin binds APOE with high affinity. Lack of receptor expression in mice results in accumulation of APOE and of Aβ in the brain and in aggravated plaque burden. Sortilin interacts with all human APOE isoforms." SIGNOR-273721 SORT1 protein Q99523 UNIPROT APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 23283348 t miannu "Here, we identified the pro-neurotrophin receptor sortilin as major endocytic pathway for clearance of APOE/Aβ complexes in neurons. Sortilin binds APOE with high affinity. Lack of receptor expression in mice results in accumulation of APOE and of Aβ in the brain and in aggravated plaque burden. Sortilin interacts with all human APOE isoforms." SIGNOR-273722 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr797 TLMSVPRyLPRPANP 31286874 t lperfetto "Activated c-Src phosphorylated E-cadherin at the tyrosine 797 site to initiate RNF43-mediated E-cadherin ubiquitination at lysine 816 and subsequent degradation" SIGNOR-274048 NEK3 protein P51956 UNIPROT SNAP29 protein O95721 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser105 MDQDLKIsQKHINSI 9606 BTO:0000007 29454964 t miannu "In the present study, we show that NEK3 (NIMA-never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 3)-mediated serine 105 (S105) phosphorylation of SNAP29 directs its membrane association, without which cells present defective focal adhesion formation, impaired Golgi structure and attenuated cellular recycling. Our results highlight the importance of NEK3-mediated S105 phosphorylation of SNAP29 for its membrane localization and for membrane fusion dependent processes." SIGNOR-273708 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SVIL protein O95425 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser238 SFSGRDSsFTEVPRS 9606 BTO:0000007 23750008 t miannu "PLK1 phosphorylates Ser238 of SVIL, which can promote the localization of SVIL to the central spindle and association with PRC1. Expression of a PLK1 phosphorylation site mutant, S238A-SVIL, inhibited myosin II activation at the equatorial cortex and induced aberrant furrowing. " SIGNOR-273729 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT VARS1 protein P26640 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269408 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DMB protein P28068 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253999 ING1 protein Q9UK53 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 14522900 f miannu " In this study, we found that a subset of ING family members strongly repressed human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter activity but stimulated the p21(WAF1) promoter in parallel experiments in the same cell type, similar to the effects of p53. Both ING1 and p53 were able to suppress AFP transcription and cause p21 induction; hSIR2, a negative regulator of the p53 protein, showed the opposite effects on the AFP promoter and, like HDAC1, repressed p21 promoter activity." SIGNOR-254480 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 18372406 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-178141 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT WDCP protein Q9H6R7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser686 RSDVFRDsFSHSPGA 9606 BTO:0000007 30297404 t miannu "PLK1 Phosphorylates MMAP to Promote Its Interaction with KIF2A and MRE11. we performed in vitro kinase assays followed by mass spectrometry and found that two sites (S686 and S695) in this cluster were phosphorylated. Thus, all of these results are in agreement that this cluster is phosphorylated by PLK1." SIGNOR-273730 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT WDCP protein Q9H6R7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser695 SHSPGAVsSLKVFTG 9606 BTO:0000007 30297404 t miannu "PLK1 Phosphorylates MMAP to Promote Its Interaction with KIF2A and MRE11. we performed in vitro kinase assays followed by mass spectrometry and found that two sites (S686 and S695) in this cluster were phosphorylated. Thus, all of these results are in agreement that this cluster is phosphorylated by PLK1." SIGNOR-273731 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GSR protein P00390 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr507 TKADFDNtVAIHPTS 9606 BTO:0001890 31530934 t miannu "Mechanistically, AMPKα1 regulate the glutathione reductase (GSR) phosphorylation possibly through residue Thr507 which enhances its activity. " SIGNOR-273734 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR KCNA5 protein P22460 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser592 KCNVKAKsNVDLRRS 9606 BTO:0000007 30279167 t miannu "Thus, AMPK directly phosphorylates the α subunit of KV1.5 at Ser592 and, to a lesser extent, at Ser559. " SIGNOR-273735 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR KCNA5 protein P22460 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser559 VQRKVSGsRGSFCKA 9606 BTO:0000007 30279167 t miannu "Thus, AMPK directly phosphorylates the α subunit of KV1.5 at Ser592 and, to a lesser extent, at Ser559. " SIGNOR-273736 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 18662541 t lperfetto "Claspin Is Degraded in G0 and G1 via the APC/CCdh1 Ubiquitin Ligase" SIGNOR-274056 USP28 protein Q96RU2 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 18662541 t lperfetto "Usp28 deubiquitylates and consequently stabilizes Claspin in response to DNA damage" SIGNOR-274057 CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 18662541 t lperfetto "In early mitosis, APC/C is activated through binding to Cdc20, and in late M, Cdc20 is replaced by Cdh1, the second activator of APC/C." SIGNOR-274058 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PAQR3 protein Q6TCH7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 PRGIRLYtYEQIPGS 9606 BTO:0000007 26834238 t miannu "Firstly, PAQR3 functions as a scaffold protein that facilitates the formation of ATG14L- but not UVRAG-linked VPS34 complex, leading to elevated capacity of PI(3)P generation ahead of starvation signals. Secondly, AMPK phosphorylates PAQR3 at threonine 32 and switches on PI(3)P production to initiate autophagosome formation swiftly after glucose starvation. " SIGNOR-273737 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254932 HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257416 ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-146861 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr88 KGSLPEFyYRPPRPP 9606 21423214 t gcesareni "We previously reported that y88 phosphorylation of p27(kip1) by oncogenic tyrosine kinases impairs p27(kip1)-mediated cdk inhibition, and initiates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-172904 ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000018 27995049 f miannu "We also investigated the potential regulation of cancer-associated signaling pathways by Anxa3 through screening for the altered expression of some common signaling molecules after Anxa3 downregulation. Decreased phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, Akt, and IκBα was detected after downregulating Anxa3 expression in A549 cells." SIGNOR-262213 FAM83G protein A6ND36 UNIPROT CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273745 FAM83B protein Q5T0W9 UNIPROT CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273746 FAM83H protein Q6ZRV2 UNIPROT CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273747 FAM83F protein Q8NEG4 UNIPROT CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273751 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT NOL3 protein O60936 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr149 SEAVQSGtPEEPEPE 9606 12191471 t miannu "Phosphorylation of ARC at T149 Is Required for Its Antiapoptotic Effect. Here we report that the function of ARC is regulated by protein kinase CK2. ARC at threonine 149 is phosphorylated by CK2. This phosphorylation targets ARC to mitochondria. ARC is able to bind to caspase-8 only when it is localized to mitochondria but not to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-262836 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr185 KQCEQAVyQTILEED 10090 BTO:0000938 11279201 t lperfetto "Dab1 is rapidly phosphorylated when neurons isolated from embryonic brains are stimulated with Reelin, and several tyrosines have been implicated in this response. Mice with phenylalanine substitutions of all five tyrosines (Tyr(185), Tyr(198), Tyr(200), Tyr(220), and Tyr(232)) exhibit a reeler phenotype, implying that tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for Dab1 function. Here we report that, although Src can phosphorylate all five tyrosines in vitro, Tyr(198) and Tyr(220) represent the major sites of Reelin-induced Dab1 phosphorylation in embryonic neurons." SIGNOR-247072 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205458 SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19212654 t miannu "The human WW45 protein enhances MST1-mediated apoptosis in vivo In this model, hWW45 binds both MST1 and LATS through its coiled-coil domains and WW domains, respectively, and facilitates the phosphorylation of LATS by MST1. This model could explain the enhanced apoptotic efficacy of MST1 with the over-expression of hWW45 and the attenuated MST1-induced apoptosis with the down-regulation of endogenous hWW45." SIGNOR-263661 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000785 14968112 t gcesareni "Npm-alk has been shown to activate signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) 3, a transcriptional regulator of cyclin d3.Proteins that interact with alk tyrosine kinase play important roles in mediating downstream cellular signals. Previously reported proteins in the alk signal pathway were identified including pi3-k, jak2, jak3, stat3, grb2, irs, and plcgamma1." SIGNOR-122085 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT ARFIP1 protein P53367 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser132 LELVRKWsLNTYKCT 9606 23695357 t lperfetto "We report that arfaptins contain an amphipathic helix (ah) preceding the bar domain, which is essential for their binding to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (pi(4)p)-containing liposomes and the tgn of mammalian cells. The binding of arfaptin1, but not arfaptin2, to pi(4)p is regulated by protein kinase d (pkd) mediated phosphorylation at ser100 within the ah. We also found that only arfaptin1 is required for the pkd-dependent trafficking of chromogranin a by the regulated secretory pathway." SIGNOR-202101 WNT7B protein P56706 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15923619 t flangone "These studies point to an important interaction between wnt7b, lrp5, and fzd1 and fzd10." SIGNOR-137937 FAM83C protein Q9BQN1 UNIPROT CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273752 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004603 13679379 t Luana "Members of the AP1 family distinctly regulated the fra-1 promoter. In particular, coexpression of c-Jun, Jun-D, and Fra-2 up-regulated fra-1 transcription. " SIGNOR-261604 miR-132 mirna URS00001F4E81_9606 RNAcentral MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 23132946 f irozzo "In human leukemic cells with MLL rearrangements (e.g., MONOMAC-6 and THP-1 cells), we found that ectopic expression of miR-495 could significantly inhibit cell growth/proliferation and increase apoptosis while decreasing cell viability." SIGNOR-255884 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr278 LARRRKAtQVGEKTP 9606 12576312 t lperfetto "Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein activation of serum-response element-dependent transcription occurs downstream of rhoa and is inhibited by cgmp-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. Three phosphorylation sites have been identified in vasp: ser157, ser239, and thr278, all of which can be phosphorylated by either pka or pkg in vitro" SIGNOR-98139 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser505 SPERRCRsVELDLNQ 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-141014 ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15958056 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Upon erythropoietin exposure, overexpressed TEL stimulated hemoglobin synthesis" SIGNOR-251793 NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626547 t miannu "The neurexin–NL2 interaction is sufficient to induce GABAergic differentiation and clustering of GABAARs at postsynaptic sites" SIGNOR-265457 U2AF1 protein Q01081 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31144421 f miannu " Our results further showed that knockdown of U2AF1 significantly Western blot analysis revealed an increase in the protein levels of downstream targets of p53 following U2AF1 knockdown. The data further showed that depletion of U2AF1 altered alternatively spliced apoptosis-associated gene transcripts in CFU-E cells. Our findings elucidate the role of U2AF1 in human erythropoiesis and reveal the underlying mechanisms." SIGNOR-261512 FAM83B protein Q5T0W9 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273754 FAM83H protein Q6ZRV2 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273755 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser792 CVRMRHLsQEFGWLQ 9534 BTO:0001538 11404460 t lperfetto "Akt suppresses androgen-induced apoptosis by phosphorylating and inhibiting androgen receptor. Here, we demonstrate that akt phosphorylates the androgen receptor (ar) at ser-210 and ser-790" SIGNOR-244136 POLD3 protein Q15054 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase delta" complex SIGNOR-C376 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 12403614 t lperfetto "Reconstitution and characterization of the human DNA polymerase delta four-subunit holoenzyme." SIGNOR-265515 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser12 KSKPKDAsQRRRSLE 9606 BTO:0001938 18069897 t gcesareni "We conclude that treatment with either UV or PMA induces the phosphorylation of the PKC site Ser12 on c-SRC and that this specific phosphorylation event is significantly diminished in cells overexpressing PR55" SIGNOR-247974 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000527 19941816 t miannu "We demonstrate here that egfr activation results in disruption of the complex of beta-catenin and alpha-catenin, thereby abrogating the inhibitory effect of alpha-catenin on beta-catenin transactivation via ck2alpha-dependent phosphorylation of alpha-catenin at s641." SIGNOR-265822 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT NPNT protein Q6UXI9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005787 BTO:0001103 23612709 f miannu "The MEK5-dependent activation of ERK5 promotes binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of the genes encoding the transcription factors Klf2 and Klf4, leading to their increased abundance. Subsequently, Klf2 and Klf4 bind to the Npnt promoter and induce the production of nephronectin during myoblast fusion" SIGNOR-255457 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys122 SPVEDNEkDLVKLAK -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10). Two additional Lys residues (Lys-126 and -135) were ubiquitinated by E6AP." SIGNOR-272743 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI down-regulates 9606 23994464 f apalma "The G alpha I subunit inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity and therefore reduces cytoplasmic cAMP levels" SIGNOR-255008 FAM83F protein Q8NEG4 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273759 FAM83C protein Q9BQN1 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273760 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 17892419 t gcesareni "Recently, lapatinib, a small molecule dual inhibitor of both her2 and egf receptors, has been developed to expand the options for treating her-positive breast cancer." SIGNOR-157867 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1023 DLVDAEEyLVPQQGF -1 32024694 t lperfetto "...which in turn suggests the importance SHP2 dephosphorylation of pTyr992 in EGFR and pTyr1023 in HER2 to mediate signaling.|More specifically, we show that acidic residues N-terminal to the substrate pTyr in EGFR and HER2 mediate specific binding by the SHP2 active site, leading to blockade of RasGAP binding and optimal signaling by the two receptors." SIGNOR-262957 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1179 NYGTNPGtPPASTSP 9606 10660621 t lperfetto "Furthermore, erk-2 phosphorylated threonine 1179 and serine 1185 (and to a lesser extent, serine 395) in vitro, suggesting the importance of this pathway for src-1 regulation. Treatment of cells expressing src-1 with epidermal growth factor enhanced the ligand-dependent, progesterone receptor-mediated activation of a target reporter gene." SIGNOR-74880 TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "Our structures suggest that a primary function of TFIID during PIC assembly is the proper positioning of TBP on the upstream promoter, which ultimately determines the placement of Pol II relative to the TSS. The structures presented here offer a structural framework for understanding the complex mechanism underlying TFIID function, shedding new light into the overlapping roles of TFIID as both a coactivator and a general platform for PIC assembly in the coordination of transcription initiation." SIGNOR-263934 "pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:597326 ChEBI PSAT1 protein Q9Y617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 3702 30034403 t lperfetto "Phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate (3-PHP) to 3-phosphoserine (PSer) in an L-glutamate (Glu)-linked reversible transamination reaction." SIGNOR-268561 FAM83A protein Q86UY5 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273761 FAM83B protein Q5T0W9 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273762 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SHC4 protein Q6S5L8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr159 GHRATALtPDSCPLP -1 31121283 t done miannu "The luminescence obtained in the kinase assay with FLAG-ShcD as substrate was significantly different to that with FLAG peptide suggesting that ShcD is a direct substrate of ERK (Fig. 2C).Furthermore, Thr159 was mutated to either alanine (A) or glutamic acid (E) to study whether the threonine phosphorylation state influences the ShcD/ERK interaction. Introducing the T159E mutation obliterated the ShcD/ERK interaction." SIGNOR-273669 CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT CCR4 protein P51679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17160712 t gcesareni "CCR2 and CCR4 are two cell surface receptors that bind CCL2" SIGNOR-237555 FAM83E protein Q2M2I3 UNIPROT CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273767 Monobutylphthalate chemical CHEBI:88522 ChEBI AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 25081364 t miannu "BBP affected hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and that benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) stimulated AhR at the cell surface, which then interacted with G proteins and triggered a downstream signaling cascade. BBP activated AhR through a nongenomic action involving G-protein signaling rather than the classical genomic AhR action." SIGNOR-268791 IL9 protein P15248 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11418623 t gcesareni "The common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) is an indispensable subunit of the functional receptor complexes for il-4, il-7, il-9, and il-15 as well as il-2. Here we show that the gamma(c) is also shared with the il-21r complex" SIGNOR-108867 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC16 protein Q13042 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser560 KTLKNIIsPPWDFRE 9606 14657031 t lperfetto "Apc activation is thought to depend on apc phosphorylation and cdc20 binding. We have identified 43 phospho_sites on apc of which at least 34 are mitosis specific. Of these, 32 sites are clustered in parts of apc1 and the tetratricopeptide repeat (tpr) subunits cdc27, cdc16, cdc23 and apc7. In vitro, at least 15 of the mitotic phospho_sites can be generated by cyclin_dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), and 3 by polo_like kinase 1 (plk1). Apc phosphorylation by cdk1, but not by plk1, is sufficient for increased cdc20 binding and apc activation" SIGNOR-119762 DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19254573 f fspada "Pref-1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation through upregulating sox9 expression." SIGNOR-184277 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser624 KMFKDKVsPLQNLAS 33082307 t lperfetto "The motif harbouring S436 is a target of CDK2 and CDK3 kinases, which interacted with EVI1-WT. The methyltransferase DNMT3A bound preferentially to EVI1-WT compared with EVI1-S436A, and a hypomethylated cell population associated by EVI1-WT expression in murine haematopoietic progenitors is not maintained with EVI1-S436A." SIGNOR-273431 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 21212736 f gcesareni "Skp2, a f-box protein that determines the substrate specificity for scf ubiquitin ligase, has recently been demonstrated to be degraded by cdh1/apc in response to tgfbeta signaling." SIGNOR-171013 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr80 QDNVDQTySEELCYT -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273572 FAM83H protein Q6ZRV2 UNIPROT CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273768 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19759537 f gcesareni "Using a quantitative chemical proteomic approach, we discovered that xav939 stabilizes axin by inhibiting the poly-adp-ribosylating enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2" SIGNOR-188045 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CCDC50 protein Q8IVM0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 SSHKGFHyKH 9606 BTO:0000567 19059208 t miannu "We found that Ymer was considerably phosphorylated on tyrosine residues also via Src family kinases such as Lck. A luciferase reporter assay showed that mutation of tyrosines on Ymer (YmerY217/279/304F) results in loss of the inhibitory activity for NF-kappaB signaling." SIGNOR-262855 SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT glucose chemical CHEBI:17234 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 23506862 t miannu "GLUT1 plays a critical role in cerebral glucose uptake as the major GLUT isoform expressed in brain endothelial cells." SIGNOR-267460 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr128 LGGTETEySLLHMPS -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273573 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser418 TTENRFHsLPFSLTK 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "Thus, serine 418 is phosphorylated in vivo.Cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204716 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT DHX9 protein Q08211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000793 27460707 t "P35637:p.Pro525Leu (mutation causing interaction)" "We found that ALS mutants of FUS co-localized with Caprin-1, DDX3X, and DHX9 in cytoplasmic inclusions that could lead to the mis-regulation of their respective pathways, providing further clues to the mechanism of ALS pathogenesis.|FUS interacting proteins were sequestered into the cytoplasmic mutant FUS inclusions that could lead to their mis-regulation or loss of function, contributing to ALS pathogenesis. | We also demonstrated the co-localization of DHX9, DDX3X and Caprin-1 with cytoplasmic EGFP-P525L mutant FUS inclusions in primary cortical neurons" SIGNOR-262810 USP21 protein Q9UK80 UNIPROT STING1 protein Q86WV6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 28254948 t done miannu "In this study, we found that USP21 is an important deubiquitinating enzyme for STING and that it negatively regulates the DNA virus-induced production of type I interferons by hydrolyzing K27/63-linked polyubiquitin chain on STING. HSV-1 infection recruited USP21 to STING at late stage by p38-mediated phosphorylation of USP21 at Ser538. I" SIGNOR-273671 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser349 SSKEVDPsTGELQSL 10090 37723657 t miannu "Mechanistically, CSNK1A1 interacted with STING1 upon the CGAS-STING1 pathway activation and promoted STING1 autophagic degradation by enhancing the phosphorylation of SQSTM1/p62 at serine 351 (serine 349 in human), which was critical for SQSTM1-mediated STING1 autophagic degradation." SIGNOR-273769 STK35 protein Q8TDR2 UNIPROT STK35/PDIK1L complex SIGNOR-C552 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 35021089 t miannu "Through mass spectrometry analysis of affinity-purified complexes, we identify the kinase paralogs STK35 and PDIK1L as binding partners and substrates of the SCP4 phosphatase domain. We show that STK35 and PDIK1L function catalytically and redundantly in the same pathway as SCP4 to maintain AML proliferation and to support amino acid biosynthesis and transport." SIGNOR-273770 PDIK1L protein Q8N165 UNIPROT STK35/PDIK1L complex SIGNOR-C552 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 35021089 t miannu "Through mass spectrometry analysis of affinity-purified complexes, we identify the kinase paralogs STK35 and PDIK1L as binding partners and substrates of the SCP4 phosphatase domain. We show that STK35 and PDIK1L function catalytically and redundantly in the same pathway as SCP4 to maintain AML proliferation and to support amino acid biosynthesis and transport." SIGNOR-273771 FH protein P07954 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 28628081 t miannu "Glucose deficiency induces AMPK activation, which phosphorylates FH at Ser75 and promotes its binding to ATF2 and the enrichment of the FH–ATF2 complex on the promoter regions of ATF2-targeted genes." SIGNOR-266314 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser245 NQSMDTGsPAELSPT 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t gcesareni "We show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-91714 ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256909 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT WRN protein Q14191 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0001271 12944467 t gcesareni "We thus hypothesized that wrn may interact with the abl tyrosine kinase in the dna damage response. Here, we provide evidence for a functional and physical interaction between wrn and c-abl, including wrn relocalization in response to dna damage, suggesting that this protein-protein interaction participates in a shared pathway of genome surveillance." SIGNOR-86497 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CCAR2 protein Q8N163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr454 AAEAAPPtQEAQGET 9606 22735644 t lperfetto " Here, we report that, in human cell lines, DNA damage triggered the phosphorylation of DBC1 on Thr454 by ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated) and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) kinases. Phosphorylated DBC1 bound to and inhibited SIRT1, resulting in the dissociation of the SIRT1-p53 complex and stimulating p53 acetylation and p53-dependent cell death. " SIGNOR-267661 Varespladib chemical CID:155815 PUBCHEM PLA2G1B protein P04054 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207633 CTDSPL2 protein Q05D32 UNIPROT STK35/PDIK1L complex SIGNOR-C552 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0002181 35021089 t miannu "Through mass spectrometry analysis of affinity-purified complexes, we identify the kinase paralogs STK35 and PDIK1L as binding partners and substrates of the SCP4 phosphatase domain. We show that STK35 and PDIK1L function catalytically and redundantly in the same pathway as SCP4 to maintain AML proliferation and to support amino acid biosynthesis and transport.We provide evidence that SCP4 regulates STK35/PDIK1L through two distinct mechanisms: catalytic removal of inhibitory phosphorylation and by promoting kinase stability." SIGNOR-273772 CTDSPL2 protein Q05D32 UNIPROT PDIK1L protein Q8N165 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser216 SVNKCFLsTACGTDF 9606 BTO:0002181 35021089 t miannu " We found that peptides corresponding to phosphoserines 194 and 216 of PDIK1L (S385 and S413 of STK35) were efficiently dephosphorylated by SCP4, whereas no activity was detected for the other two phosphopeptides (Figure 6D)." SIGNOR-273774 CTDSPL2 protein Q05D32 UNIPROT STK35 protein Q8TDR2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser385 KVADFGLsKVCAGLA 9606 BTO:0002181 35021089 t miannu " We found that peptides corresponding to phosphoserines 194 and 216 of PDIK1L (S385 and S413 of STK35) were efficiently dephosphorylated by SCP4, whereas no activity was detected for the other two phosphopeptides (Figure 6D)." SIGNOR-273775 CTDSPL2 protein Q05D32 UNIPROT STK35 protein Q8TDR2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser413 NVNKYWLsSACGSDF 9606 BTO:0002181 35021089 t miannu " We found that peptides corresponding to phosphoserines 194 and 216 of PDIK1L (S385 and S413 of STK35) were efficiently dephosphorylated by SCP4, whereas no activity was detected for the other two phosphopeptides (Figure 6D)." SIGNOR-273776 "CENP-A nucleosome" complex SIGNOR-C321 SIGNOR Centromere_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH154 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 20566683 f miannu "Centromeres contain specialized nucleosomes in which histone H3 is replaced by the histone variant centromere protein A (CENP-A). CENP-A nucleosomes are thought to act as an epigenetic mark that specifies centromere identity." SIGNOR-263704 ESRRA protein P11474 UNIPROT NR2F6 protein P10588 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000156 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253796 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT UGT1A10 protein Q9HAW8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 15044625 t "Using gel shift and functional assays, HNF1alpha was demonstrated to bind to and activate the UGT1A8, -1A9, and -1A10 promoters. In contrast, Cdx2 bound to and activated the UGT1A8 and -1A10 promoters but could not activate the UGT1A9 promoter." SIGNOR-253968 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR KCNA4 protein P22459 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr601 LKKFRSStSSSLGDK 9606 BTO:0000007 15955806 t done miannu " In GIP receptor-expressing HEK293 cells, GIP reduced A-type peak ionic current amplitude of K(V)1.4 via activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Using mutant forms of K(V)1.4 with Ala-Ser/Thr substitutions in a potential PKA phosphorylation site, C-terminal phosphorylation was shown to be linked to GIP-mediated current amplitude decreases." SIGNOR-273778 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR KCNJ2 protein P63252 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser425 PRPLRREsEI -1 19843922 t done miannu "KCNJ2 encodes Kir2.1, a pore-forming subunit of the cardiac inward rectifier current, I(K1). This PKA-simulated catecholaminergic stimulation caused marked reduction of outward I(K1) compared with Kir2.1-WT. PKA-induced reduction in I(K1) was eliminated by mutating the phosphorylation site at serine 425 (S425N)." SIGNOR-273779 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR KLHL3 protein Q9UH77 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser433 PMNTRRSsVGVGVVE 9534 BTO:0000298 25313067 t done miannu "We show that KLHL3 is phosphorylated at serine 433 in the Kelch domain (a site frequently mutated in hypertension with hyperkalemia) by protein kinase C in cultured cells and that this phosphorylation prevents WNK4 binding and degradation." SIGNOR-273780 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MORC2 protein Q9Y6X9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr582 LEALQKTtPIRSQAD 9606 BTO:0000007 32401166 t done miannu "Mechanistically, GPER1 activates PRKACA (protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha), which in turn phosphorylates MORC2 at threonine 582 (T582). Phosphorylated MORC2 decreases its interaction with HSPA8 (heat shock protein family A [Hsp70] member 8) and LAMP2A (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A), two core components of the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) machinery, thus protecting MORC2 from lysosomal degradation by CMA." SIGNOR-273781 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR NKD2 protein Q969F2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser223 SAHVRRPsTDPQPCS 9606 BTO:0000007 30941853 t done miannu "VIP and PGE2 rapidly activate protein kinase A (PKA) that then phosphorylates NKD2 at Ser-223, a process that is facilitated by the molecular scaffold A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12). This phosphorylation stabilized NKD2, ensuring efficient cell-surface delivery of TGFα and increased EGFR activation." SIGNOR-273782 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PDE8A protein O60658 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser359 HKDRRKGsLDVKAVA 9606 BTO:0000567 22673573 t done miannu " We show that under elevated cAMP conditions, PKA acts to phosphorylate PDE8A on serine 359 and this action serves to enhance the activity of the enzyme. " SIGNOR-273783 CUL5 protein Q93034 UNIPROT ARIH2 protein O95376 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24076655 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases such as TRIAD1 and HHARI can bind and be activated by CRL complexes. Whereas TRIAD1 specifically associates with CUL5–RBX2, HHARI is more promiscuous towards cullin types and associates with RBX1-associated cullins 1, 2, 3, and 4A. Interestingly, both TRIAD1 and HHARI show a strong preference for binding the neddylated form of the cullin. Our data suggest a novel function of NEDD8 in directing specific CRLs to Ariadne RBR ligases, which in turn exert influence on the levels of their cognate neddylated cullin." SIGNOR-268843 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001412 8394219 f "We expressed the PML-RARa protein in U937 myeloid precursor cells and showed that they lost the capacity to differentiate under the action of different stimuli (vitamin Ds and transforming growth factor pl), acquired enhanced sensitivity to retinoic acid, and exhibited a higher growth rate consequent to diminished apoptotic cell death." SIGNOR-255722 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11062067 t "Phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif." gcesareni "A map kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk), termed ask1, was identified that activated two different subs of map kinase kinases (mapkk), sek1 (or mkk4) and mkk3/mapkk6 (or mkk6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (sapk, also known as jnk;c-jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subs of map kinases, respectively. Here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1)." SIGNOR-83721 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser30 EADSPSDsGQGSYET 9606 16885021 t gcesareni "We show that claspin, an adaptor protein required for chk1 activation, becomes degraded at the onset of mitosis. Claspin degradation was triggered by its interaction with, and ubiquitylation by, the scfbtrcp ubiquitin ligase. This interaction was phosphorylation dependent and required the activity of the plk1 kinase" SIGNOR-148442 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SEC14L2 protein O76054 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser289 VQISRGSsHQVEYEI -1 15680919 t done miannu " Thus, phosphorylation of SPF at Ser-289 appears necessary for maximal stimulation of squalene monooxygenase activity in vitro and absolutely required for the stimulation of cholesterol synthesis in cell culture. the 2.3-fold activation of SPF by PKA was reduced by 60% in the S289A mutant, indicating that phosphorylation of this site contributes to the activation of SPF." SIGNOR-273788 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR TRPC5 protein Q9UL62 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser796 GARAKSKsVSFNLGC 9606 BTO:0000007 21734191 t done miannu "Together, these results suggest that TRPC5 is directly phosphorylated by G(s)/cAMP/PKA at positions S794 and S796. These inhibitory effects were blocked by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, KT-5720 and H-89, as well as by two point mutations at consensus PKA phosphorylation sites on TRPC5 (S794A and S796A)." SIGNOR-273789 TAC1 protein P20366 UNIPROT TACR2 protein P21452 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8925404 t gcesareni "The mammalian tachykinins include substance p, neurokinin a and neurokinin b, which exert their effects by binding to specific receptors. These tachykinin receptors are divided into three types, designated nk1, nk2 and nk3, respectively. The interaction of tachykinin with its receptor activates gq, which in turn activates phospholipase c to break down phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate into inositol trisphosphate (ip3) and diacylglycerol (dag)." SIGNOR-44773 CENPL protein Q8N0S6 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265199 PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 12626569 f miannu "The positive regulatory domain i binding factor 1 (prdi-bf1 or blimp-1) protein represses the transcription of specific target genes, including c-myc, the mhc class ii trans-activator, pax-5, and cd23b" SIGNOR-99116 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT DGKG protein P49619 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253804 NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19898471 t miannu "By a mechanism independent of the adaptor RIP2 and transcription factor NF-kappaB, Nod1 and Nod2 recruited the autophagy protein ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the bacterial entry site. Our results link bacterial sensing by Nod proteins to the induction of autophagy and provide a functional link between Nod2 and ATG16L1, which are encoded by two of the most important genes associated with Crohn's disease." SIGNOR-252405 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr726 KEHNFSFyPTFQSHP 10090 BTO:0001516 16627759 t lperfetto "In vitro mapping of FLT3 autophosphorylation sites|Tryptic peptides covering more than 80% of the FLT3 kinase domain were recovered, and 5 tyrosine residues (Y591, Y726, Y842, Y955, and Y969) within this region were phosphorylated." SIGNOR-271922 P2RY10 protein O00398 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257213 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR TRPC5 protein Q9UL62 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser794 SGGARAKsKSVSFNL 9606 BTO:0000007 21734191 t done miannu "Together, these results suggest that TRPC5 is directly phosphorylated by G(s)/cAMP/PKA at positions S794 and S796. These inhibitory effects were blocked by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, KT-5720 and H-89, as well as by two point mutations at consensus PKA phosphorylation sites on TRPC5 (S794A and S796A)." SIGNOR-273790 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12202491 t lperfetto "Both of these pp1 isoforms contain an arg-pro-ile/val-thr-pro-pro-arg sequence near the c terminus, a known site of phosphorylation by cdc/cdk kinases, and phosphorylation attenuates phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-264650 SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253453 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr86 TYSEELCyTLINHRV -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273574 Monobutylphthalate chemical CHEBI:88522 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000816 16326050 t miannu "Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and mono-n-butyl phthalate activation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors alpha and gamma in breast" SIGNOR-268752 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR ACIN1 protein Q9UKV3 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 10490026 t amattioni "Induces apoptotic chromatin condensation after activation by casp3" SIGNOR-256449 PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT PITX2 protein Q99697 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21143873 f gcesareni "Pitx genes, such as pitx2, which is positively regulated by pax3, have been implicated in myogenesis." SIGNOR-170343 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TRPM8 protein Q7Z2W7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr17 MRNRRNDtLDSTRTL 9606 BTO:0000007 20110357 t done miannu "Using specific pharmacological and molecular tools combined with patch-clamp current recordings, we found that in heterologously expressed HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells, TRPM8 channel is inhibited by the G(i) protein/adenylate cyclase (AC)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade. We further identified the TRPM8 S9 and T17 as two key PKA phosphorylation sites regulating TRPM8 channel activity. the intracellular serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylates TRPM8 Ser-9 and Thr-17 inhibiting the channel activity." SIGNOR-273791 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT RASGRF1 protein Q13972 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser287 PITHDDVsSIFLNSE 9606 17110335 t miannu "During interphase, cdc25 is inhibited by ser287 phosphorylation (xenopus cdc25;ser 216 in human cdc25c) and this inhibitory phosphorylation is maintained by dna-responsive checkpoints / s287 is targeted by many kinases, including chk1, chk2, ctak-1, pka, p38 and mapkap kinase-2 suggesting that phosphorylation of this site may integrate multiple signaling inputs." SIGNOR-150843 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr905 DVYEEDSyVKRSQGR 9606 16778204 t gcesareni "Ptprj expression induces dephosphorylation of the ret(c634r) and, probably via an indirect mechanism, ret/ptc1 oncoproteins on two key ret autophosphorylation sites (tyr1062 and tyr905). in line with this finding, adoptive ptprj expression reduced the oncogenic activity of ret" SIGNOR-147165 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr62 RRPESFTtPEGPKPR 9606 BTO:0000567 18490441 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of threonine 61 by cyclin a/Cdk1 triggers degradation of stem-loop binding protein at the end of S phase" SIGNOR-265259 STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 30267828 t miannu "In neuronal exocytosis, Munc18-1 (aSM-protein) and Munc13-1/2 (similar to CATCHRs) arethe relevant proteins responsible for SNARE-complex formation. Munc18-1 associates with syntaxin-1 in its‘closed’ conformation, i.e. with the regulatory Habc-domain folded against the SNARE (H3-)-domain. Opening-up of syntaxin is catalyzed by the Mun-domainwithin Munc13-1/2 and allows assembly with the partnerSNARE SNAP-25 and possibly VAMP2." SIGNOR-263970 CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000899 10201980 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of CD19 Y484 and Y515, and linked activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are required for B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase." SIGNOR-252669 CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256828 RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24469399 t miannu "Involvement of Gln271 and Asp275 of NEMO in LUBAC-mediated linear polyubiquitination.vHOIP NZF1 also recognizes NEMO, and this recognition is involved in linear polyubiquitination of NEMO. Linear chains conjugated to NEMO are recognized by NEMO in trans on another IKK complex, thereby inducing multimerization of the IKK complex and trans autophosphorylation of IKK2." SIGNOR-272052 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 11154281 t lperfetto "We show here that sgk1, like akt, promotes cell survival and that it does so in part by phosphorylating and inactivating fkhrl1. However, sgk and akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on fkhrl1. While both kinases can phosphorylate thr-32, sgk displays a marked preference for ser-315 whereas akt favors ser-253." SIGNOR-236607 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CACNA1G protein O43497 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 23868804 t miannu "Consistent with this, Sp1 over-expression enhanced promoter activity while siRNA-mediated Sp1 silencing significantly decreased the level of CaV 3.1 protein and reduced the amplitude of whole-cell T-type Ca(2+) currents expressed in the N1E-115 cells. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control CaV 3.1 channel expression." SIGNOR-264034 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Ser-tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29162 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269535 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 11027293 t miannu "Human scribble (Vartul) is targeted for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the high-risk papillomavirus E6 proteins and the E6AP ubiquitin-protein ligase" SIGNOR-272573 ARAP3 protein Q8WWN8 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260457 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT FMNL2 protein Q96PY5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1072 ARTAKRGsRFFCEPV -1 26256210 t done miannu "PKCα associates with and phosphorylates FMNL2 at S1072 within its Diaphanous autoregulatory region, leading to the release of formin autoinhibition." SIGNOR-273796 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ICOSLG protein O75144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser285 RDRCLQHsYAGAWAV 9606 BTO:0000567 24837102 t done miannu "PKCα and PKCβ are required for phosphorylation of ICOSL and ICOSL-mediated cytokine induction " SIGNOR-273797 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT LAT2 protein Q9GZY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr193 EDEESEDyQNSASIH 10090 BTO:0001930 14722116 t miannu "Our results indicated that human LAB was primarily phosphorylated on three membrane-distal tyrosines, Tyr(136), Tyr(193), and Tyr(233). Mutation of these three tyrosines abolished Grb2 binding and LAB function. Our data suggested that these tyrosines are the most important tyrosines for LAB function.The dramatic reduction in phosphorylation of the LAB Y233F mutant suggested that Tyr233 is a primary target of the Syk family kinases." SIGNOR-273575 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 SGFESYGsSSYGGAG -1 9295339 t lperfetto "We showed previously that UV irradiation increases phosphorylation of the p34 subunit of human replication protein A (RPA) and that this hyperphosphorylation correlated with loss of activity of the DNA replication complex. | we detected phosphorylation of the RPA complex by DNA-PK on RPA-p34 sites Ser-23, Ser-29, and Ser-11, -12, or -13" SIGNOR-248980 "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI PFKL protein P17858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19454274 t "The PFKFB enzymes synthesize fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) which allosterically activates 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1), a rate-limiting enzyme and essential control point in the glycolytic pathway. PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP when energy stores are abundant and F2,6BP can override this inhibition and enhance glucose uptake and glycolytic flux" SIGNOR-267266 RIMBP2 protein O15034 UNIPROT RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264371 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ICOSLG protein O75144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser285 RDRCLQHsYAGAWAV 9606 BTO:0000567 24837102 t done miannu "PKCα and PKCβ are required for phosphorylation of ICOSL and ICOSL-mediated cytokine induction. Therefore, S285 is required for PKC substrate (serine) phosphorylation of ICOSL, and each of the upstream arginines is similarly required for this phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273798 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr577 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9606 10980595 t llicata "We have generated two monoclonal antibodies that recognize two phosphorylated sites, p-ser227 and p-thr577, in the n- and c-terminal kinase domains of rsk2, respectively. phosphorylation and activation of rsk2 by uv light involves the erk pathway" SIGNOR-81464 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 11238952 t miannu "Here we show that the F-box protein betaTrCP, the receptor component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for IkappaBalpha and beta-catenin degradation, is colocalized in the nucleus with ATF4, a member of the ATF-CREB bZIP family of transcription factors, and controls its stability. ATF4 ubiquitination in HeLa cells is enhanced in the presence of betaTrCP." SIGNOR-272580 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PANX1 protein Q96RD7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr199 KYPIVEQyLKTKKNS 9606 BTO:0005101 30814251 t done miannu "We report herein that the YLK motif is contained within an SRC homology 2 domain and is directly phosphorylated by SRC proto-oncogene, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (SRC) at Tyr198. Using a PANX1 Tyr198-specific antibody, SFK inhibitors, SRC knockdown, temperature-dependent SRC cells, and kinase assays, we found that PANX1-mediated ATP release and vasoconstriction involves constitutive phosphorylation of PANX1 Tyr198 by SRC." SIGNOR-273806 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PKP3 protein Q9Y446 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr195 PGGLDDRySLVSEQL 9606 BTO:0000552 25501895 t done miannu "We have discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger the c-Src kinase-mediated tyrosine (Tyr)-195 phosphorylation of PKP3. This modification is associated with a change in the subcellular distribution of the protein. Specifically, PKP3 bearing phospho-Tyr-195 is released from the desmosomes, suggesting that phospho-Tyr-195 is relevant for the control of desmosome disassembly and function, at least in cells exposed to ROS. " SIGNOR-273807 PLEKHG2 protein Q9H7P9 UNIPROT PIK3R3 protein Q92569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24378532 t done miannu "Through deletion and base substitution mutagenesis we have identified Tyr489 of PLEKHG2 as the site phosphorylated by cSrc.The interaction between PLEKHG2 and the full-length of PIK3R3, but not ABL1, occurs in a tyrosine-phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-273809 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1255 CLTERAMsWQDRARQ -1 27292631 t miannu "We immunoprecipitated ectopically expressed wild-type KDM5A or KDM5Amut5A and performed an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant AKT1 in the presence or absence of AKT inhibition.Wild-type KDM5A is phosphorylated by AKT1 and this modification is sensitive to AKT inhibition, whereas KDM5Amut5A is not phosphorylated in the presence of AKT1 (Figure 3C).These results suggest that AKT-mediated KDM5A phosphorylation enhances KDM5A promoter recruitment." SIGNOR-274059 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8668213 t lperfetto "Recombinant NFAT1 can mediate transcription of the interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoters in T cells, suggesting that NFAT1 contributes to the CsA-sensitive transcription of these genes during the immune response." SIGNOR-254498 ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT RSAD2 protein Q8WXG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003846 19523849 t lperfetto "Promoter regions from the PLZF-regulated transcripts Rsad2 and Ifit2 were fused to luciferase and activity was measured after IFN treatment. Overexpression of PLZF in RCC1 or ACHN cells produced a dose-dependent induction of the reporter promoters. " SIGNOR-261023 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT PMS2 protein P54278 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15781865 t ".... numerous potentially novel targets, including the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1 and PMS2. Both of these genes were determined to be responsive to DNA damage and p53 activation in normal human fibroblasts, and have p53-response elements within their first intron." SIGNOR-257604 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161585 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr185 TNFMMTPyVVTRYYR 9606 BTO:0000149;BTO:0001129 22730327 t gcesareni "Mkk4, which activates p38gamma, p38delta, and jnk2 to phosphorylate p53 on ser-33 and cause a transient g(1) arrest. A map kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk), termed ask1, was identified that activated two different subs of map kinase kinases (mapkk), sek1 (or mkk4) and mkk3/mapkk6 (or mkk6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (sapk, also known as jnk;c-jun amino-terminal kinase) here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1)" SIGNOR-197998 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 10090 17943183 f Regulation miannu "Wnt3a markedly stimulated matrix assembly of microfibrillar proteins, including Fbn-1, by cultured fibroblasts, suggesting that Wnts contribute to increased microfibrillar matrices in Tsk skin.Wnt3a stimulates Fbn-1 matrix formation." SIGNOR-251894 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser225 TRRVKTQsESGDVSR -1 27292631 t miannu "We immunoprecipitated ectopically expressed wild-type KDM5A or KDM5Amut5A and performed an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant AKT1 in the presence or absence of AKT inhibition.Wild-type KDM5A is phosphorylated by AKT1 and this modification is sensitive to AKT inhibition, whereas KDM5Amut5A is not phosphorylated in the presence of AKT1 (Figure 3C).These results suggest that AKT-mediated KDM5A phosphorylation enhances KDM5A promoter recruitment." SIGNOR-274060 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT STX17 protein P56962 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser202 SQQEKIDsIADHVNS 9606 BTO:0000007 30827897 t done miannu "Stx17 is phosphorylated by TBK1 whereby phospho-Stx17 controls the formation of the ATG13+FIP200+ mammalian pre-autophagosomal structure (mPAS) in response to induction of autophagy. TBK1 phosphorylates Stx17 at S202." SIGNOR-273812 DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)." SIGNOR-269926 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT SIKE1 protein Q9BRV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser133 PVLKAHQsHSAEIES 9606 BTO:0000007 23649622 t done miannu "TBK1 phosphorylates SIKE on six serine residues that mimic the IRF3 phosphorylation sequence.Serines are listed from left to right: 133, 185, 187, 188, 190, and 198." SIGNOR-273815 FBXO7 protein Q9Y3I1 UNIPROT DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15145941 t miannu "We show here that Fbx7, an F-box protein without WD repeats and leucine-rich repeats, is required for the proteasome-mediated proteolysis of the hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP).Thus, Fbx7 is a functional adaptor of the SCF complex with a proline-rich region as the substrate-binding module. Depletion of Fbx7 by small interfering RNA leads to depression of HURP ubiquitination and accumulation of HURP abundance. In the SCFFbx7 complex, Fbx7 recruits HURP through its C-terminal proline-rich region in a Cdk1-cyclin B-phosphorylation dependent manner." SIGNOR-271506 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12138206 f irozzo "INI1/hSNF5 is a component of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling hSWI/SNF complex [.]. Our data suggest that one of the mechanisms by which INI1/hSNF5 exerts its tumor suppressor function is by mediating the cell cycle arrest due to the direct recruitment of HDAC activity to the cyclin D1 promoter thereby causing its repression and G(0)-G(1) arrest. These results together indicate that cyclin D1 is a direct target for repression by INI1/hSNF5." SIGNOR-256293 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Phe43 ATLDPRSfLLRNPND -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263570 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT SIKE1 protein Q9BRV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser188 RELLSISsESLQARK 9606 BTO:0000007 23649622 t done miannu "TBK1 phosphorylates SIKE on six serine residues that mimic the IRF3 phosphorylation sequence.Serines are listed from left to right: 133, 185, 187, 188, 190, and 198." SIGNOR-273816 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT SIKE1 protein Q9BRV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser190 LLSISSEsLQARKEN 9606 BTO:0000007 23649622 t done miannu "TBK1 phosphorylates SIKE on six serine residues that mimic the IRF3 phosphorylation sequence.Serines are listed from left to right: 133, 185, 187, 188, 190, and 198." SIGNOR-273817 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT SIKE1 protein Q9BRV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser198 LQARKENsMDTASQA 9606 BTO:0000007 23649622 t done miannu "TBK1 phosphorylates SIKE on six serine residues that mimic the IRF3 phosphorylation sequence.Serines are listed from left to right: 133, 185, 187, 188, 190, and 198." SIGNOR-273818 MRPS10 protein P82664 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-267731 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19805105 t miannu "Phosphoinositol 3- kinase alpha (PI3Kα) is a heterodimeric enzyme formed by a catalytic subunit (p110α, encoded by PIK3CA) and one of several regulatory subunits (a major one being p85α, encoded by PI3KR1)." SIGNOR-255299 SDCBP protein O00560 UNIPROT SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003104 11498591 t miannu "Sox4 activation by IL-5R_ appears to be direct, with syntenin functioning as an adaptor molecule. Syntenin mediates IL-5–induced Sox4 activation." SIGNOR-223089 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT VAMP7 protein P51809 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr45 SENNKLTySHGNYLF 9534 BTO:0000298 23471971 t done miannu "We found that TI-VAMP is phosphorylated in vitro by c-Src kinase on tyrosine 45 of the Longin domain.Mimicking tyrosine 45 phosphorylation activates both t-SNARE binding and exocytosis of TI-VAMP." SIGNOR-273819 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 EEVDLACtPTDVRDV 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1. We next investigated whether in vitro ubiquitination of cyclin D1 through the SCF-like (SCFL) complex FBXW8 (SKP1-CUL7-FBXW8-RBX1/SCFLFBXW8) requires phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 (Fig. 3F). Polyubiquitination through SCFLFBXW8 was dramatically reduced by the depletion of ERK2 (lane 2). Furthermore, cyclin D1 polyubiquitination was largely prevented by the alanine-for-Thr286 substitution (T286A, lane 3), suggesting that phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 is necessary for ubiquitination by SCFLFBXW8." SIGNOR-271634 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser886 PVDPRRRsLPAGDAL 9606 14970201 t lperfetto "Here we identify a region in the carboxyl terminus of gef-h1 that is important for suppression of its guanine nucleotide exchange activity by microtubules. This portion of the protein includes a coiled-coil motif, a proline-rich motif that may interact with src homology 3 domain-containing proteins, and a potential binding site for 14-3-3 proteins. We show that phosphorylation of gef-h1 at ser(885) by pak1 induces 14-3-3 binding to the exchange factor and relocation of 14-3-3 to microtubules." SIGNOR-122191 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr470 AYATEAVyESAEAPG 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Cortactin was first identified as a substrate of v-src (46) that mediates in vitro phosphorylation of residues tyr-421, tyr-466, and tyr-482 at the c terminus of the murine ortholog (47). Phosphorylation of these residues attenuates the f-actin cross-linking activity" SIGNOR-98716 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT SH3GL1 protein Q99961 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22998870 t miannu "We show that lrrk2 affects synaptic endocytosis by phosphorylating endoa at s75, a residue in the bar domain / our work uncovers a regulatory mechanism that indicates that reduced lrrk2 kinase activity facilitates endoa membrane association, while increased kinase activity inhibits membrane association." SIGNOR-192068 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21460634 t lperfetto "Ampk and ulk1 interact and that the latter is phosphorylated by ampk. This phosphorylation leads to the direct activation of ulk1 by ampk bypassing mtor-inhibition." SIGNOR-216464 GLE1 protein Q53GS7 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262096 KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 t miannu "We show that FBXL10/KDM2B is an anti-adipogenic factor that is up-regulated during the early phase of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and in adipose tissue in a diet-induced model of obesity. Interestingly, inhibition of adipogenesis does not require the JmjC demethylase domain of FBXL10, but it does require the F-box and leucine-rich repeat domains, which we show recruit a noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) containing RING1B, SKP1, PCGF1, and BCOR." SIGNOR-252247 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 15241418 t lperfetto "We have mapped CDK4 and CDK2 phosphorylation sites to Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 in Smad3. Mutation of the CDK phosphorylation sites increases Smad3 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-232134 NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT EID1 protein Q9Y6B2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 18557765 t llicata "The Prader-Willi syndrome protein necdin interacts with the E1A-like inhibitor of differentiation EID-1 and promotes myoblast differentiation." SIGNOR-237614 2-[(4S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-4-yl]-N-ethylacetamide chemical CHEBI:95082 ChEBI BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24015967 t Gianni "This paper describes the discovery and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of potent benzodiazepine inhibitors that disrupt the function of the BET family of bromodomains (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4). This work has yielded a potent, selective compound I-BET762 that is now under evaluation" SIGNOR-262204 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t gcesareni "Taz has been shown to interact with smad2 and smad3 through its coiled-coil region, and to be important in maintaining the nuclear localization of smad2 and smad3 as well as the expression of their target genes in response to tgf-b signaling and, thus, in the maintenance of human esc self-renewal." SIGNOR-169841 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser556 GLGCRLHsAPNLSDL 9606 19584320 t lperfetto "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-216495 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr155 SHAVHPLtPLITYSD 9606 12556497 t gcesareni "Regulation of lymphoid enhancer factor 1/t-cell factor by mitogen-activated protein kinase-related nemo-like kinase-dependent phosphorylation in wnt/beta-catenin signaling.Nlk phosphorylates lef-1/tcf on two serine/threonine residues located in its central region. Mutation of both residues to alanine enhanced lef-1 transcriptional activity and rendered it resistant to inhibition by nlk." SIGNOR-97812 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT SQLE protein Q14534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000759 31848472 t miannu "The processed SREBP2, designated nuclear SREBP2 (nSREBP2), then enters the nucleus as a homodimer, binds to the sterol regulatory element (SRE) sequence in the promoters of target genes, including HMGCR and SQLE (encoding squalene monooxygenase), and upregulates their transcription" SIGNOR-265162 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr237 KQEKTPKtPKGPSSV 9606 SIGNOR-C17 12058066 t gcesareni "Both subtypes of B23 proteins were phosphorylated during mitosis by cyclin B/cdc2. The RNA binding activity of B23.1 was repressed through cyclin B/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation at specific sites in B23. Thus, the RNA binding activity of B23.1 is stringently modulated by its phosphorylation and subtype association." SIGNOR-89601 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23604317 t miannu "FBXL2 binds p85α and p85β. p85β is targeted for ubiquitylation and degradation by SCF FBXL2." SIGNOR-272111 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser360 RKTQTSMsLGTTREK 10090 24012422 t gianni "MLKL comprises a four-helical bundle tethered to the pseudokinase domain, which contains an unusual pseudoactive site. Although the pseudokinase domain binds ATP, it is catalytically inactive and its essential nonenzymatic role in necroptotic signaling is induced by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated phosphorylation.[...]S345, S347, and T349 in the MLKL activation loop were phosphorylated by RIPK3 in in vitro kinase assays" SIGNOR-266428 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1889 SPTTPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself. Cellular kinase cdk9 phosphorylates serine-2 in the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rnap ii" SIGNOR-203580 TACSTD2 protein P09758 UNIPROT CLDN7 protein O95471 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 31177095 t done miannu "In summary, our findings provide evidence that Trop-2 is phosphorylated at Ser-322 by PKCα/δ and that this phosphorylation enhances cell motility and decreases claudin-7 localization to cellular borders." SIGNOR-273822 palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267883 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT UGT1A3 protein P35503 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser43 IDGSHWLsMREVLRE -1 26094731 t done miannu "Curcumin and calphostin C suppressed the activity and phosphorylation of recombinant UGT1A3 expressed in Sf9 cells. These results indicate that UGT1A3 undergoes phosphorylation, which is required for its catalytic activity. Calphostin C is a highly specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, so three predicted PKC phosphorylation sites in UGT1A3 were examined. In conclusion, phosphorylation plays an important role in UGT1A3 activity, and the serine at site 43 in UGT1A3 is most likely a phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-273823 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr221 GGPEPGPyAQPSVNT 9606 21779437 t lperfetto "Negative regulation of crk by abl is essential for the antitumorigenic effects of ephrinb2,similar pathways may operate for crkl" SIGNOR-175135 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT MFN1 protein Q8IWA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser86 AFFGRTSsGKSSVIN -1 30659190 t done miannu "Here we report that βIIPKC accumulates on the mitochondrial outer membrane and phosphorylates mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) at serine 86. Mfn1 phosphorylation results in partial loss of its GTPase activity and in a buildup of fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria in heart failure." SIGNOR-273826 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NREP protein Q16612 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser59 LGSSELRsPRISYLH 9606 BTO:0004605 16229809 t done miannu "Site-directed mutagenesis of S59A retarded P311 degradation and induced glioma cell motility. In contrast, S59D mutation resulted in the rapid degradation of P311 and reduced glioma cell migration.Taken together, our results show that the serine phosphorylation of P311 is dependent on the function of both PKCε and PKCz." SIGNOR-273831 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser536 SGDEDFSsIADMDFS 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C13 10521409 t lperfetto "Our data suggest that the stimulation of nfkb by akt is dependent on the phosphorylation of p65 at s534, mediated by ikk (ikb kinase) alfa and beta." SIGNOR-71270 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1197 STAENAEyLRVAPQS 9606 9733788 t tpavlidou "The sh2-domain ptpase shp-1 binds to and dephosphorylates autophosphorylated egfr and may participate in modulation of egfr signaling in epithelial cells. Reduced shp-1 binding to the egfr y1173f mutant resulted in a reduced receptor dephosphorylation by coexpressed shp-1 and less interference with egf-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulation." SIGNOR-59965 "Exon junction complex" complex SIGNOR-C369 SIGNOR Upf-EJC complex SIGNOR-C367 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 18066079 t miannu "Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) eliminates mRNAs containing a premature translation termination codon through the recruitment of the conserved NMD factors UPF1, UPF2 and UPF3. In humans, a dynamic assembly pathway allows UPF1 to join UPF2 and UPF3 recruited to the mRNA by the exon-junction complex (EJC). " SIGNOR-265244 "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR NANOS2 protein P60321 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31320642 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in bulk mRNA decay, CCR4-NOT can also catalyze the deadenylation or promote translational repression of specific mRNA targets to which it is recruited by RNA binding proteins, such as Nanos, Roquin and Puf/Pumilio proteins" SIGNOR-268349 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 9727491 t gcesareni "Casp8 can activate downstream caspases like caspase-6, and caspase-7 by directly cleaving them." SIGNOR-256466 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT REM1 protein O75628 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser18 TPLHRRAsTPLPLSP 9606 BTO:0000567 22076634 t done miannu "We found that activation of protein kinase D1, a protein kinase downstream of α(1)-adrenergic signaling, leads to direct phosphorylation of Rem1 at Ser18. This results in an increase of the channel activity and plasma membrane expression observed by using a combination of electrophysiology, live cell confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry in heterologous expression system and neonatal cardiomyocytes. " SIGNOR-273832 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT H1-2 protein P16403 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr146 KKAAGGAtPKKSAKK 9606 BTO:0001938 22249259 t done miannu "Similarly, DNA-PK-mediated phosphorylation of H1.2 at T146 enhances p53 transcriptional activity by impeding H1.2 binding to p53 and thereby attenuating its suppressive effects on p53 transactivation. " SIGNOR-273834 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT POLL protein Q9UGP5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr204 EASDGEEtQVSAADL 9606 BTO:0000007 28109743 t done miannu " We show that Polλ is efficiently phosphorylated by DNA-PKcs in vitro and predominantly by ATM after DSB induction with ionizing radiation (IR) in vivo. We identify threonine 204 (T204) as a main target for ATM/DNA-PKcs phosphorylation on human Polλ, and establish that its phosphorylation may facilitate the repair of a subset of IR-induced DSBs and the efficient Polλ-mediated gap-filling during NHEJ. " SIGNOR-273835 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr285 QMRQRKGtLSVNFVD -1 27292631 t miannu "We immunoprecipitated ectopically expressed wild-type KDM5A or KDM5Amut5A and performed an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant AKT1 in the presence or absence of AKT inhibition.Wild-type KDM5A is phosphorylated by AKT1 and this modification is sensitive to AKT inhibition, whereas KDM5Amut5A is not phosphorylated in the presence of AKT1 (Figure 3C).These results suggest that AKT-mediated KDM5A phosphorylation enhances KDM5A promoter recruitment." SIGNOR-274061 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT MAGI1 protein Q96QZ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser741 QPLERKDsQNSSQHS 9606 BTO:0001949 30944250 t done miannu " We report herein that p90RSK associates with MAGI1 in ECs and executes 2 independently regulated PTMs of MAGI1: S741 phosphorylation and K931 deSUMOylation. MAGI1-S741 phosphorylation is vital for Rap1 activation." SIGNOR-273837 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT OSTF1 protein Q92882 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser202 TDAVRTLsNAEDYLD 9606 BTO:0000567 21501342 t done miannu "SH3P2 was phosphorylated on Ser(202) by ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) in an ERK pathway-dependent manner, and such phosphorylation inhibited the ability of SH3P2 to suppress cell motility. " SIGNOR-273838 EIF2B4 protein Q9UI10 UNIPROT EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269132 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT POLL protein Q9UGP5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr204 EASDGEEtQVSAADL 9606 BTO:0000007 28109743 t done miannu " We show that Polλ is efficiently phosphorylated by DNA-PKcs in vitro and predominantly by ATM after DSB induction with ionizing radiation (IR) in vivo. We identify threonine 204 (T204) as a main target for ATM/DNA-PKcs phosphorylation on human Polλ, and establish that its phosphorylation may facilitate the repair of a subset of IR-induced DSBs and the efficient Polλ-mediated gap-filling during NHEJ. " SIGNOR-273836 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser260 NMGLNPSsPNDPVTN 9606 17604322 t lperfetto "In colon cancer cells, the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway phosphorylates RXRalpha, which impairs its function as a heterodimeric partner for PPARgamma|A point‐mutated RXRalpha T82A/S260A, which mimics the unphosphorylated form of RXRalpha, can form a heterodimer with PPARgamma and thereby activate target gene expression by binding to the PPRE" SIGNOR-88658 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKAR -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254695 KLHL12 protein Q53G59 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32433973 t miannu "  Lunapark Is Ubiquitylated by the CRL3KLHL12 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Lunapark is ubiquitylated by the CRL3KLHL12 ubiquitin ligase, and the CRL3KLHL12-dependent ubiquitylation of Lunapark does not lead to its proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of Lunapark Ubiquitylation Affects Lysosomal Recruitment of mTORC2" SIGNOR-272198 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002590 17487558 f miannu "Immunoblot analysis showed that HEY/si-TWIST cells exhibited decreased expression levels of CD29, CD44 and CD54 compared to those of HEY/si-scrambled cells" SIGNOR-255516 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNFT1 protein Q5M7Z0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271262 YWHAE protein P62258 UNIPROT TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10449590 t lperfetto "The in vitro binding with general transcription factors TBP and TFIIB together with its nuclear location provide evidence supporting a role for 14-3-3 proteins as transcriptional activators or coactivators when part of a DNA binding complex." SIGNOR-262834 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser230 PEGATPTsPVGHFAK 9606 BTO:0000848 BTO:0001253 20959475 t lperfetto "Braf(v600e) signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and c-jun nh(2) terminal kinase-mediated activation of foxo4 via its phosphorylation on thr(223), ser(226), thr(447), and thr(451)." SIGNOR-252953 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine chemical CHEBI:48518 ChEBI CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-106478 ibuprofen chemical CHEBI:5855 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9057869 t miannu "Naproxen had similar activity against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (IC50s of 3.2 and 2.5 μM, respectively), whereas ibuprofen was approximately 100-fold more potent for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.1 μM) than for COX-1 (IC50 = 11 μM), and indomethacin was about 50-fold more potent for COX-1 (IC50 = 0.012 μM) than for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.56 μM)." SIGNOR-258605 CDKL1 protein Q00532 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 28352193 t miannu "We also proved that as a downstream molecule of the P15 pathway, Rb is inhibited after CDKL1 knockdown. Rb is a well-known tumor suppressor in cell cycle regulation.28 Phosphorylation of Rb negatively regulates the cell cycle through E2F repression.29–31 However, Rb contains 13 conserved sites that are phosphorylated by the CDK–P15 complex in cycling cells and phosphorylation will cause site-specific and diverse conformational changes in the complex.32,33 Further studies need to be conducted to decipher the phosphorylated site of Rb related to CDKL1 knockdown." SIGNOR-273863 TNK1 protein Q13470 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 10873601 t miannu " GST-protein precipitations from cell lysates confirmed that GST-PLC-gamma1(SH3) associated with endogenously expressed Tnk1." SIGNOR-273864 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser168 YREPLCLsPASSGSS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248678 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser206 SSSTYPHsPTSSDPG 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248800 ruxolitinib chemical CHEBI:66919 ChEBI JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258276 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 11163214 t gcesareni "Several experiments suggest that the PEST-type PTPs negatively regulate c-Abl activity: c-Abl was hyperphosphorylated in PTP-PEST-deficient cells; disruption of the c-Abl-PSTPIP1-PEST-type PTP ternary complex by overexpression of PSTPIP1 mutants increased c-Abl phosphotyrosine content" SIGNOR-246222 MARK4 protein Q96L34 UNIPROT TNK1 protein Q13470 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser502 RMKGISRsLESVLSL 9606 BTO:0000018 34504101 t miannu "We also discover a MARK-mediated phosphorylation on TNK1 at S502 that promotes an interaction between TNK1 and 14-3-3, which sequesters TNK1 and inhibits its kinase activity.Phosphorylation of TNK1 at S502 within the proline rich domain is required for TNK1 binding to 14-3-3.MARKs mediate phosphorylation at S502 and 14-3-3 binding to TNK1, which restrains the movement of TNK1 into heavy membrane-associated clusters." SIGNOR-273865 MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT TNK1 protein Q13470 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser502 RMKGISRsLESVLSL 9606 BTO:0000018 34504101 t miannu "We also discover a MARK-mediated phosphorylation on TNK1 at S502 that promotes an interaction between TNK1 and 14-3-3, which sequesters TNK1 and inhibits its kinase activity.Phosphorylation of TNK1 at S502 within the proline rich domain is required for TNK1 binding to 14-3-3.MARKs mediate phosphorylation at S502 and 14-3-3 binding to TNK1, which restrains the movement of TNK1 into heavy membrane-associated clusters." SIGNOR-273868 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR TNK1 protein Q13470 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000018 34504101 t miannu "We also discover a MARK-mediated phosphorylation on TNK1 at S502 that promotes an interaction between TNK1 and 14-3-3, which sequesters TNK1 and inhibits its kinase activity.Phosphorylation of TNK1 at S502 within the proline rich domain is required for TNK1 binding to 14-3-3.MARKs mediate phosphorylation at S502 and 14-3-3 binding to TNK1, which restrains the movement of TNK1 into heavy membrane-associated clusters." SIGNOR-273869 PAN2 protein Q504Q3 UNIPROT "PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex" complex SIGNOR-C553 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34280615 t miannu "There are two major deadenylase complexes, Ccr4-Not and Pan2-Pan3, which shorten the 3′ poly(A) tail of mRNA and are conserved from yeast to human.The Ccr4-Not complex has two catalytic subunits including the Ccr4 (Carbon catabolite repressor 4) and Pop2 (PGK promoter directed overproduction). The Pan2-Pan3 complex comprises the catalytic subunit Pan2, a member of the RNase D family, and the regulatory subunit Pan3. Degradation of mRNA begins with either shortening of the poly(A) tail by deadenylases or removal of 5′ cap structure by the decapping enzyme Dcp1-Dcp2." SIGNOR-273870 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1225 SRRPRLEtILSLLVS -1 27292631 t miannu "We immunoprecipitated ectopically expressed wild-type KDM5A or KDM5Amut5A and performed an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant AKT1 in the presence or absence of AKT inhibition.Wild-type KDM5A is phosphorylated by AKT1 and this modification is sensitive to AKT inhibition, whereas KDM5Amut5A is not phosphorylated in the presence of AKT1 (Figure 3C).These results suggest that AKT-mediated KDM5A phosphorylation enhances KDM5A promoter recruitment." SIGNOR-274063 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates acetylation Lys2049 DAAVVLLkNGANKDM 9606 17636029 t gcesareni "This result implies that the residues k2019, k2039, k2044, and k2068 of notch1-ic are the major targets of the acetyltransferase activity of tip60." SIGNOR-156915 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys262 DSDDALLkMTISQQE -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10). Two additional Lys residues (Lys-126 and -135) were ubiquitinated by E6AP." SIGNOR-272744 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT PEBP1 protein P30086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser153 RGKFKVAsFRKKYEL 10116 BTO:0003036 12551925 t lperfetto "Here we report that one mechanism involves dissociation of Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) from Raf-1. Classic and atypical but not novel PKC isoforms phosphorylate RKIP at serine 153 (Ser-153). RKIP Ser-153 phosphorylation by PKC either in vitro or in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or epidermal growth factor causes release of RKIP from Raf-1, whereas mutant RKIP (S153V or S153E) remains bound. I" SIGNOR-249190 Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR CREB3L2 protein Q70SY1 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17178827 f miannu "Although bbf2h7 protein is not expressed under normal conditions, it is markedly induced at the translational level during er stress, suggesting that bbf2h7 might contribute to only the late phase of unfolded protein response signaling." SIGNOR-151312 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1675 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248740 BTC protein P35070 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10209155 t gcesareni "For example, betacellulin binds to and activates both erbb1 and erbb4, whereas epiregulin binds to erbb1, erbb3 and erbb4" SIGNOR-67006 PAN3 protein Q58A45 UNIPROT "PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex" complex SIGNOR-C553 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34280615 t miannu "There are two major deadenylase complexes, Ccr4-Not and Pan2-Pan3, which shorten the 3′ poly(A) tail of mRNA and are conserved from yeast to human.The Ccr4-Not complex has two catalytic subunits including the Ccr4 (Carbon catabolite repressor 4) and Pop2 (PGK promoter directed overproduction). The Pan2-Pan3 complex comprises the catalytic subunit Pan2, a member of the RNase D family, and the regulatory subunit Pan3. Degradation of mRNA begins with either shortening of the poly(A) tail by deadenylases or removal of 5′ cap structure by the decapping enzyme Dcp1-Dcp2." SIGNOR-273871 NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 15808510 f gcesareni "Ikkalpha in conjunction with eralpha and aib1/src-3, is important in activating the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes, including cyclin d1." SIGNOR-135056 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser26 GTASRPSsSRSYVTT -1 11895474 t miannu "In vitro analyses revealed that vimentin served as an excellent substrate for PAK. This phosphorylated vimentin lost the potential to form 10 nm filaments. We identified Ser25, Ser38, Ser50, Ser65 and Ser72 in the amino-terminal head domain as the major phosphorylation sites on vimentin for PAK. " SIGNOR-250237 DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG1-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C511 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270913 MYOM1 protein P52179 UNIPROT OBSCN protein Q5VST9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0003324 19840192 t miannu "Ankyrin-B is targeted to the M-line via its interaction with the C-terminal domain of the large sarcomeric protein obscurin. Obscurin is targeted to the M-line via its N-terminal interactions with myomesin and titin. This population of ankyrin-B recruits B56α, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, to the M-line where the phosphatase may regulate the phosphorylation status of contractile and signalling proteins." SIGNOR-266727 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT SNCB protein Q16143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 LMEPEGEsYEDPPQE 9606 19889641 t lperfetto "Polo-like kinase (plk) family (plk1, plk2, and plk3) phosphorylate alpha-syn and beta-syn specifically at ser-129 and ser-118, respectively. Polo-like kinase 2 (plk2) phosphorylates alpha-synuclein at serine 129 in central nervous system. The membrane association of pd-linked mutant alpha -synuclein, but not wild-type -synuclein, was increased by serine 129 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-189057 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29185 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269490 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 35318320 t miannu "Here we report that ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta 1 (S6K1), a member of AGC kinases and downstream target of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), directly phosphorylates PDK1 at its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and impairs PDK1 interaction with and activation of AKT." SIGNOR-273843 DDX17 protein Q92841 UNIPROT "RNA helicases DDX5/DDX17" complex SIGNOR-C34 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17011493 t lperfetto "We have found that the rna helicases p68/p72 are myod-associated proteins and that the noncoding rna sra also immunoprecipitates with myod. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that both p68/p72 and sra are coactivators of myod." SIGNOR-149961 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Ile-tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29160 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269512 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr359 DTEFTSRtPKDSPGI 9534 BTO:0001538 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252755 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TARBP2 protein Q15633 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser283 ILSLRSCsLGSLGAL -1 27407113 t miannu "We demonstrate that S6 kinases can phosphorylate the extended C-terminal domain of TRBP and interact with TRBP in situ in primary cells. TRBP serines 283/286 are essential for S6K-mediated TRBP phosphorylation, optimal expression of TRBP, and the S6K-TRBP interaction in human primary cells. In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that TRBP-D3 can be phosphorylated by S6K1, S6K2, but also AKT1 (Figure ​(Figure1C),1C)," SIGNOR-274064 CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17252 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000048;BTO:0000050 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268653 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr386 YRARVANyQRDGPMC 9606 BTO:0000093 12777400 t lperfetto "C-abl and arg phosphorylated catalase at tyr231 and tyr386 in vitrocatalase is a major effector in the defense of aerobic cells against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that catalase activity is stimulated by the c-abl and arg tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-101302 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser371 VRRVPGSsGHLHKTE 9606 17190791 t gcesareni "Activation of wnk1 coincides with the phosphorylation and activation of two wnk1 substrates, namely, the protein kinases ste20/sps1-related proline alanine-rich kinase (spak) and oxidative stress response kinase-1 (osr1)." SIGNOR-151667 5-carboxamidotryptamine chemical CHEBI:48292 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258845 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163262 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT WASF2 protein Q9Y6W5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser482 RRIAVEYsDSEDDSS 9606 19012317 t gcesareni "Here we identify five casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites within the vca domain of wave2, serines 482, 484, 488, 489, and 497. Phosphorylation of these sites is required for a high affinity interaction with the arp2/3 complex;we and show that their mutation to non-phosphorylatable alanine residues inhibits wave2 function in vivo." SIGNOR-182350 DOK7 protein Q18PE1 UNIPROT CRKL protein P46109 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 20603078 t miannu "Here, we identify two tyrosine residues in Dok-7 that are phosphorylated by Agrin stimulation, and show that two proteins, Crk and Crk-L, are recruited to these phosphorylation sites in Dok-7." SIGNOR-273848 KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29433126 t miannu "In mammals, RAF family kinases include three catalytically competent enzymes (ARAF, BRAF and CRAF) and two pseudokinases (KSR1 and KSR2) that have been described as scaffolds owing to their apparent ability to bridge RAF isoforms and their substrate, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK).Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) pseudokinases were also shown to dimerize with kinase-competent RAFs to stimulate catalysis allosterically." SIGNOR-273875 KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29433126 t miannu "In mammals, RAF family kinases include three catalytically competent enzymes (ARAF, BRAF and CRAF) and two pseudokinases (KSR1 and KSR2) that have been described as scaffolds owing to their apparent ability to bridge RAF isoforms and their substrate, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK).Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) pseudokinases were also shown to dimerize with kinase-competent RAFs to stimulate catalysis allosterically." SIGNOR-273877 CRYAA protein P02489 UNIPROT CRYBB2 protein P43320 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22982024 t miannu "Aberrant protein interactions can lead to aggregation and insolubilization, such as occurs during cataract formation. Deamidation, a prevalent age-related modification in the lens of the eye, decreases stability of the major lens proteins, crystallins. Deamidation did not disrupt specific αA/βB2 interactions but favored aggregation before complex formation with αA. We conclude that deamidation contributes to cataract formation through destabilization of crystallins before they can be rescued by α-crystallin." SIGNOR-252155 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser287 SMSSCGSsGYFSSSP 9606 22017877 t llicata "Phosphorylation of all three serine residues in the deptor degron (ser286, ser287, and ser291) is necessary for - and directly mediates - the interaction with _trcp. ck1 phosphorylated the degron of deptor, as shown by western blotting with the phospho-specific antibody (fig. S3e-f). In contrast, mtor alone was unable to induce phosphorylation of deptor on ser286, ser287, and ser291." SIGNOR-176875 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267500 DYNLL1 protein P63167 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260501 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CDC42EP4 protein Q9H3Q1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser80 SSKRSLLsRKFRGSK 9606 BTO:0001939 25086031 t miannu "Cdc42 effector protein-4 (CEP4) was recently identified by our laboratory to be a substrate of multiple PKC isoforms in non-transformed MCF-10A human breast cells. MS/MS analysis verified that Ser(18) and Ser(80) were directly phosphorylated by PKCα in vitro. Phosphorylation of CEP4 severely diminished its affinity for Cdc42 while promoting Rac activation and formation of filopodia (microspikes)." SIGNOR-263161 KSR1 protein Q8IVT5 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29433126 t miannu "In mammals, RAF family kinases include three catalytically competent enzymes (ARAF, BRAF and CRAF) and two pseudokinases (KSR1 and KSR2) that have been described as scaffolds owing to their apparent ability to bridge RAF isoforms and their substrate, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK).Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) pseudokinases were also shown to dimerize with kinase-competent RAFs to stimulate catalysis allosterically." SIGNOR-273878 KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29433126 t miannu "In mammals, RAF family kinases include three catalytically competent enzymes (ARAF, BRAF and CRAF) and two pseudokinases (KSR1 and KSR2) that have been described as scaffolds owing to their apparent ability to bridge RAF isoforms and their substrate, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK).Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) pseudokinases were also shown to dimerize with kinase-competent RAFs to stimulate catalysis allosterically." SIGNOR-273879 NEK10 protein Q6ZWH5 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr327 KKPLDGEyFTLQIRG 9606 32561851 t miannu " Here, we describe a function for NEK10 in the regulation of p53 transcriptional activity through tyrosine phosphorylation. NEK10 loss increases cellular proliferation by modulating the p53-dependent transcriptional output. NEK10 directly phosphorylates p53 on Y327, revealing NEK10's unexpected substrate specificity. A p53 mutant at this site (Y327F) acts as a hypomorph, causing an attenuated p53-mediated transcriptional response." SIGNOR-273881 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TARBP2 protein Q15633 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser286 LRSCSLGsLGALGPA -1 27407113 t miannu "We demonstrate that S6 kinases can phosphorylate the extended C-terminal domain of TRBP and interact with TRBP in situ in primary cells. TRBP serines 283/286 are essential for S6K-mediated TRBP phosphorylation, optimal expression of TRBP, and the S6K-TRBP interaction in human primary cells. " SIGNOR-274067 KLHL2 protein O95198 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272122 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 28712664 t "AKT phosphorylates and inhibits GSK3 in addition to many other substrates including TSC2, FOXO proteins, TBC1D4." SIGNOR-255488 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0004052 14500898 t irozzo "This up-regulation required BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity and led to IL-3Rbetac/beta chain tyrosine phosphorylation in the absence of detectable IL-3 production. These results suggested that cytokine-independent IL-3 receptor activation could be a dominant signaling component in BCR-ABL-induced leukemogenesis. However, the IL-3Rβc/β chain could act as a cofactor in BCR-ABL-induced leukemogenesis by activation of its many known oncogenic signaling pathways." SIGNOR-256123 ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Typically Gas stimulates adenylyl cyclase and increases levels of cyclic amp (camp), whereas galfai inhibits adenylyl cyclase and lowers camp levels, and members of the galfaq family bind to and activate phospholipase c (plc), which cleaves phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (pip2) into diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate (ip3). The gbeta subunits and ggamma subunits function as a dimer to activate many molecules, including phospholipases, ion channels and lipid kinases." SIGNOR-152546 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FEN1 protein P39748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser187 MDCLTFGsPVLMRHL 9606 BTO:0000007 12853968 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of human fen1 by cyclin-dependent kinase modulates its role in replication fork regulation.As a functional consequence of phosphorylation by cdk1-cyclin a in vitro, endo- and exonuclease activities of fen1 are reduced whereas its dna binding is not affected." SIGNOR-103535 N-[[3-fluoro-4-[[2-(1-methyl-4-imidazolyl)-7-thieno[3,2-b]pyridinyl]oxy]anilino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-phenylacetamide chemical CHEBI:91393 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194340 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser745 SCLADSFsQAADEEE 9606 BTO:0000150 10910365 t llicata "Atm phosphorylates ctip at serine residues 664 and 745 our study suggests another dna damage-response pathway in which the signal is transmitted through phosphorylation of ctip by atm, leading to dissociation of the ctip_ctbp repressor complex from brca1, which in turn, activate transcription of gadd45" SIGNOR-79876 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr642 TRQPVELtPTDKLFI 9606 17115692 t lperfetto "The catalytic or kinase domain requires phosphorylation at three sites for full activation (24, 25): ? Phosphorylation of threonine 500 (thr-500) in the activation loop by the upstream kinase pdk-1 is a prerequisite for the maturation of the enzyme (26), which subsequently leads to autophosphorylation at threonine 641 (thr-641) in the turn motif and serine 660 (ser-660) in the hydrophobic motif" SIGNOR-150865 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT WASF2 protein Q9Y6W5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser488 YSDSEDDsSEFDEDD 9606 19012317 t gcesareni "Here we identify five casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites within the vca domain of wave2, serines 482, 484, 488, 489, and 497. Phosphorylation of these sites is required for a high affinity interaction with the arp2/3 complex;we and show that their mutation to non-phosphorylatable alanine residues inhibits wave2 function in vivo." SIGNOR-182358 HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257295 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM43 protein Q96BQ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271208 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr89 QSSNGHItTTPTPTQ 9606 BTO:0000848 21177766 t lperfetto "P21-activated protein kinase (pak2)-mediated c-jun phosphorylation at 5 threonine sites promotes cell transformationour data showed that pak2 binds and phosphorylates c-jun at five threonine sites (thr2, thr8, thr89, thr93 and thr286)" SIGNOR-170772 anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one chemical CHEBI:90695 ChEBI NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21159646 t gcesareni "In comparison, in the same assay conditions, the previously reported mps1 inhibitor sp600125 (13) was 10-fold less potent than nms-p715 on mps1 and, in addition, it was highly unspecific, being more active on at least 12 kinases including mitotic kinases." SIGNOR-170617 ERC1 protein Q8IUD2 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C14 15218148 t miannu "Elks likely functions by recruiting ikappabalpha to the ikk complex and thus serves a regulatory function for ikk activation." SIGNOR-126430 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT EML4 protein Q9HC35 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser144 QSPQIRAsPSPQPSS -1 31409757 t done miannu "The mitotic kinases NEK6 and NEK7 phosphorylated the EML4 N-terminal domain at Ser144 and Ser146 in vitro, and depletion of these kinases in cells led to increased EML4 binding to microtubules in mitosis. An S144A-S146A double mutant not only bound inappropriately to mitotic microtubules but also increased their stability and interfered with chromosome congression. In addition, constitutive activation of NEK6 or NEK7 reduced the association of EML4 with interphase microtubules. Together, these data support a model in which NEK6- and NEK7-dependent phosphorylation promotes the dissociation of EML4 from microtubules in mitosis in a manner that is required for efficient chromosome congression." SIGNOR-273883 ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser350 ELKAIVSsSNQALLR 9606 20643644 t Manara "We show that ULK3 autophosphorylation occurs at four serine residues (Ser-300, Ser-350, Ser-384, and Ser-464) situated outside of the KD | Thus, autophosphorylation of ULK3 may involve conformational changes resulted in exposure of CTD to KD and consequently in generation of the catalytically active kinase." SIGNOR-260794 HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256743 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT ESCO1 protein Q5FWF5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23314252 t gcesareni "We show here that eco1 degradation requires the sequential actions of cdk1 and two additional kinases, cdc7-dbf4 and the gsk-3 homolog mck1." SIGNOR-200397 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr529 TPGSRSRtPSLPTPP 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Dyrk1a phosphorylates tau at least at s202, t212 and s404, but t212 phosphorylation is known to initiate tau hyperphosphorylation by gsk3b (ryoo et al., 2007;woods et al., 2001) and has been demonstrated to have a role in alternative splicing of taumrna" SIGNOR-171038 estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258583 NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT EML4 protein Q9HC35 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser146 PQIRASPsPQPSSQP -1 31409757 t done miannu "The mitotic kinases NEK6 and NEK7 phosphorylated the EML4 N-terminal domain at Ser144 and Ser146 in vitro, and depletion of these kinases in cells led to increased EML4 binding to microtubules in mitosis. An S144A-S146A double mutant not only bound inappropriately to mitotic microtubules but also increased their stability and interfered with chromosome congression. In addition, constitutive activation of NEK6 or NEK7 reduced the association of EML4 with interphase microtubules. Together, these data support a model in which NEK6- and NEK7-dependent phosphorylation promotes the dissociation of EML4 from microtubules in mitosis in a manner that is required for efficient chromosome congression." SIGNOR-273884 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr66 VALNPQNtVFDAKRL -1 30108182 t done miannu "Mitotic phosphorylation of Hsp72 by the kinase NEK6 at Thr66 located in the NBD promotes the localization of Hsp72 to the mitotic spindle and is required for efficient spindle assembly and chromosome congression and segregation. " SIGNOR-273885 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1033 GINTLERsKVEETTE 9606 BTO:0001938 19001501 t done miannu "Nek6 phosphorylated Eg5 at several sites in vitro and one of these sites, Ser1033, is phosphorylated in vivo during mitosis. Whereas CDK1 phosphorylates nearly all Eg5 at Thr926 during mitosis, Nek6 phosphorylates approximately 3% of Eg5, primarily at the spindle poles. " SIGNOR-273886 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT TARBP2 protein Q15633 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser286 LRSCSLGsLGALGPA -1 27407113 t miannu "We demonstrate that S6 kinases can phosphorylate the extended C-terminal domain of TRBP and interact with TRBP in situ in primary cells. TRBP serines 283/286 are essential for S6K-mediated TRBP phosphorylation, optimal expression of TRBP, and the S6K-TRBP interaction in human primary cells. " SIGNOR-274068 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr210 SEYSMAEtLVGTPYY 9606 BTO:0000567 21642957 t done miannu "We now identify Plk1 as Nek9 direct activator and propose a two-step activation mechanism that involves Nek9 sequential phosphorylation by CDK1 and Plk1. while CDK1 activity is necessary for Nek9 phosphorylation in mitosis and the resulting change in electrophoretical mobility, Nek9 Thr210 phosphorylation and mitotic activation requires both CDK1 and Plk1." SIGNOR-273888 MED7 protein O43513 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266657 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GAK protein O14976 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr412 KGDLDISyITSRIAV -1 28135906 t miannu "GAK is phosphorylated by c-Src and translocated from the centrosome to chromatin at the end of telophase. Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) harbors a consensus phosphorylation motif (Y412) for c-Src; however, its physiological significance remains elusive. Here, we show that GAK is phosphorylated by c-Src not only at Y412 but also at Y1149." SIGNOR-263197 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25277175 f miannu "Increased expression of ERG or other ETS factors under control of androgen responsive promoter (TMPRSS2) is an inevitable consequence of the fusion events, and it activates transcriptional program that contributes to oncogenesis by upregulating expression of, among others, MYC, EZH2 and SOX9 and repressing NKX3." SIGNOR-251554 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000847 9767234 f miannu "MSH receptor (MSH-R) binding activity was upregulated by UVB, IL-1alpha, -1beta and ET-1, but was downregulated by TNF-alpha.Northern blotanalysis showed that MC1-R mRNA expression was induced 24 h after UVB irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and that 24-h treatment with ET-1 also induced an expression of MC1-R mRNA,whereas TNF-a downregulated the expression. In addition, IL-1a and -1b have a small but real inductiveeffect on MC1-R mRNA expression." SIGNOR-252385 ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260529 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser361 ENNRFGGsGSQVDSA -1 31843888 t done miannu "Seven of these kinases (PIM1/2/3, MAP4K1/2, PKA, and NEK6) directly and robustly phosphorylated recombinant GST-Rpn1 at S361 in vitro (Fig. 3D and SI Appendix, Fig. S3 A and B). " SIGNOR-273894 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser839 TSRCLIKsPDRLADI -1 21335236 t done miannu "To elucidate which of the identified sites can be targeted by CDK1/cyclin B1 and Nek6 in vitro (Figure S1D), we performed phosphorylation reactions using recombinant kinases and unlabeled ATP followed by phosphopeptide mapping (Table S1). MS analysis confirmed phosphorylation of S591 and S822 by Nek6 as well as phosphorylation of T529, T536, S595, S606, and T653 by CDK1. Phosphomimetic Mutants of Nup98 Show Defects in NPC Localization" SIGNOR-273893 EPHB6 protein O15197 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 25239188 t miannu "EphB6 is frequently silenced in invasive and metastatic cancers; however, its role in cancer progression is poorly understood. Here we show that EphB6 interacts with EphA2 and suppresses EphA2-mediated promotion of anoikis resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells. " SIGNOR-273853 IRAK2 protein O43187 UNIPROT IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 35486320 t miannu "Two additional proximal mediators were identified that are required for IL-1R–induced NF-κB activation: IRAK-2, a Pelle family member, and MyD88, a death domain–containing adapter molecule. IRAK-2 preferentially bound IL-1RI. A truncated version of IRAK-2 that lacked the first 96 amino acids [IRAK-2(97-590)] did not associate with IL-1RI, which suggests that the NH2-terminal segment docks with the cytoplasmic domain of IL-1RI." SIGNOR-273854 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT TRIO protein O75962 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr2681 LLNPNYIyDVPPEFV -1 23230270 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Trio is phosphorylated by Src family kinases in the embryonic rat cortex in response to netrin-1. In vitro, Trio was predominantly phosphorylated at Tyr(2622) by the Src kinase Fyn." SIGNOR-273855 TRIO protein O75962 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10116 BTO:0004102 23230270 t miannu "TrioY2622 is required for both netrin-1-induced activation of Rac1 and enhanced association with DCC. Phosphorylation of Trio at Tyr2622 participates in maintaining the level of surface DCC at the growth cone plasma membrane leading to axon outgrowth. Therefore, we propose that TrioY2622 is essential for the proper assembly and stability of the DCC/Trio signaling complex at the cell surface of growth cones in order to mediate netrin-1-induced cortical axon outgrowth." SIGNOR-273856 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser361 ENNRFGGsGSQVDSA -1 31843888 t done miannu "Seven of these kinases (PIM1/2/3, MAP4K1/2, PKA, and NEK6) directly and robustly phosphorylated recombinant GST-Rpn1 at S361 in vitro (Fig. 3D and SI Appendix, Fig. S3 A and B). " SIGNOR-273895 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT TYR protein P14679 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000847 10080955 f miannu "Microphthalmia transcription factor MITF, a melanocyte-specific basic helix-loop-helix protein, has been shown to transactivate tyrosinase and TRP-1 genes in vitro by binding to a shared regulatory sequence known as M box. both activation of positive factors such as MITF and inactivation of negative regulatory factors may be required for TRP-1 gene expression during melanocytic differentiation." SIGNOR-254593 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser192 VNSVRRKsCLVKEVE 9606 17567953 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the binding of mcak to chromosome arms is also regulated by aurora b and that aurora b-dependent chromosome arm and centromere localization is regulated by distinct two-site phosphoregulatory mechanisms. Mcak association with chromosome arms is promoted by phosphorylation of t95 on mcak, whereas phosphorylation of s196 on mcak promotes dissociation from the arms. Although targeting of mcak to centromeres requires phosphorylation of s110 on mcak, dephosphorylation of t95 on mcak increases the binding of mcak to centromeres." SIGNOR-155898 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PECAM1 protein P16284 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr713 KKDTETVySEVRKAV 9534 9624175 t miannu "We demonstrated that phosphorylation of PECAM-1 by Src or Csk family kinases was sufficient to trigger its association with SHP-2. Moreover, it was able to promote binding of PECAM-1 to SHP-1, a SHP-2-related protein-tyrosine phosphatase expressed in hemopoietic cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that the Src and Csk families of kinases are strong candidates for mediating tyrosine phosphorylation of PECAM-1 and triggering its association with SH2 domain-containing phosphatases under physiological circumstances." SIGNOR-262742 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 KNTKKRHsFTSLTMA 9606 17535800 t miannu "We report here that posh is a direct substrate for phosphorylation by akt in vivo and in vitro, and we identify a major site of akt phosphorylation as serine 304 of posh, which lies within the rac-binding domain. We further show that phosphorylation of posh results in a decreased ability to bind activated rac, as does phosphomimetic s304d and s304e mutation of posh." SIGNOR-252501 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR ERF protein P50548 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7588608 t lperfetto "Consistent with the in vivo phosphorylation and inactivation by ras, erf is efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by erk2 and cdc2/cyclin b kinases, at sites similar to those detected in vivo. Furthermore, a single mutation at position 526 results in the loss of a specific phosphopeptide both in in vivo and in vitro (by erk2) labeling. Substitution of thr526 for glutamic acid also decreases the repression ability of erf" SIGNOR-216852 NEURL1 protein O76050 UNIPROT PDE9A protein O76083 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31068605 t miannu "Neuralized family member NEURL1 is a ubiquitin ligase for the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 9A. We also demonstrate that NEURL1 can promote polyubiquitination of PDE9A that leads to its proteasome-mediated degradation mainly via lysine residue K27 of ubiquitin." SIGNOR-272305 HARS1 protein P12081 UNIPROT tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29178 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10430027 t miannu "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. This amino acid has uniquely moderate basic properties and is an important group in many catalytic functions of enzymes." SIGNOR-270485 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263784 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser368 QRPSSRAsSRASSRP 10116 10871288 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of connexin43 on serine368 by protein kinase C regulates gap junctional communication.|These data strongly suggest that PKC directly phosphorylates Cx43 on S368 in vivo, which results in a change in single channel behavior that contributes to a decrease in intercellular communication." SIGNOR-144465 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1696 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269373 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser373 VQARLERsSSKSLER 9606 17991736 t gcesareni "Here we report that CIITA represses collagen transcription through a phosphorylation-dependent interaction between its proline/serine/threonine domain and co-repressor molecules such as histone deacetylase (HDAC2) and Sin3B. Mutation of a serine (S373A) in CIITA, within a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) consensus site, decreases repression of collagen transcription by blocking interaction with Sin3B" SIGNOR-158959 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser361 ENNRFGGsGSQVDSA -1 31843888 t done miannu "Seven of these kinases (PIM1/2/3, MAP4K1/2, PKA, and NEK6) directly and robustly phosphorylated recombinant GST-Rpn1 at S361 in vitro (Fig. 3D and SI Appendix, Fig. S3 A and B). " SIGNOR-273896 PIM3 protein Q86V86 UNIPROT PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser361 ENNRFGGsGSQVDSA -1 31843888 t done miannu "Seven of these kinases (PIM1/2/3, MAP4K1/2, PKA, and NEK6) directly and robustly phosphorylated recombinant GST-Rpn1 at S361 in vitro (Fig. 3D and SI Appendix, Fig. S3 A and B). " SIGNOR-273897 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0000007 20595392 t done miannu "Our data also show that NEK6 interacts with STAT3, an oncogenic transcription factor, and phosphorylates STAT3 on Ser(727), which is important for transcriptional activation. These results demonstrate that NEK6 interacts with and phosphorylates STAT3, an event that could play an important role in oncogenesis. For the maximal activation of STAT3 signaling, phosphorylation of both Tyr705 and Ser727 is required. Phosphorylation of Tyr705 induces dimerization, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding of the STAT3 protein, whereas phosphorylation of Ser727 is important for transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-273902 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser621 PKINRSAsEPSLHRA 9606 9091312 t lperfetto "Ampk also phosphorylated full-length, kinase-defective raf-1 (k375m) to generate two [32p]phosphopeptides, one co-migrating with synthetic tryptic peptide containing phospho-ser621 and the other with phospho-ser259" SIGNOR-216616 RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT TARBP2 protein Q15633 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser286 LRSCSLGsLGALGPA -1 27407113 t miannu "We demonstrate that S6 kinases can phosphorylate the extended C-terminal domain of TRBP and interact with TRBP in situ in primary cells. TRBP serines 283/286 are essential for S6K-mediated TRBP phosphorylation, optimal expression of TRBP, and the S6K-TRBP interaction in human primary cells. " SIGNOR-274069 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser608 VLKNLNNsNLFSPVN -1 21335236 t done miannu "To elucidate which of the identified sites can be targeted by CDK1/cyclin B1 and Nek6 in vitro (Figure S1D), we performed phosphorylation reactions using recombinant kinases and unlabeled ATP followed by phosphopeptide mapping (Table S1). MS analysis confirmed phosphorylation of S591 and S822 by Nek6 as well as phosphorylation of T529, T536, S595, S606, and T653 by CDK1. Phosphomimetic Mutants of Nup98 Show Defects in NPC Localization" SIGNOR-273892 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002144 28194038 f "Here, we report that FLT3/ITD causes a significant increase in aerobic glycolysis through AKT-mediated upregulation of mitochondrial hexokinase (HK2), and renders the leukemia cells highly dependent on glycolysis and sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of glycolytic activity" SIGNOR-259982 Inner_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C411 SIGNOR Mitochondrial_biogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH32 SIGNOR up-regulates 25627476 f lperfetto "Mitochondrial phospholipids are important components of this system. Phospholipids make up the characteristic outer and inner membranes that give mitochondria their shape. " SIGNOR-267005 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271287 NHLRC1 protein Q6VVB1 UNIPROT PPP1R3C protein Q9UQK1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18029386 t miannu "Here, we show that the laforin-malin complex downregulates PTG-induced glycogen synthesis in FTO2B hepatoma cells through a mechanism involving ubiquitination and degradation of PTG. We show here that laforin and malin play a crucial role in the regulation of glycogen biosynthesis in FTO2B hepatoma cells. In these cells, the laforin–malin complex counteracts the glycogenic effect of PTG because it promotes its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271727 APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 14668333 f miannu "ApoA-I Stimulates JAK2 Autophosphorylation. the interaction of apolipoproteins with ABCA1-expressing cells activates JAK2, which in turn activates a process that enhances apolipoprotein interactions with ABCA1 and lipid removal from cells" SIGNOR-252108 "Caspase 9 complex" complex SIGNOR-C229 SIGNOR CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 9390557 t lperfetto "Activated caspase-9 in turn cleaves and activates caspase-3. Mutation of the active site of caspase-9 attenuated the activation of caspase-3 and cellular apoptotic response in vivo, indicating that caspase-9 is the most upstream member of the apoptotic protease cascade." SIGNOR-256462 "PAS complex" complex SIGNOR-C190 SIGNOR 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,5-bisphosphate)(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:85342 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 17556371 t miannu "Here we have identified and characterized Sac3, a Sac domain phosphatase, as the Fig4 mammalian counterpart. Endogenous Sac3, a widespread 97-kDa protein, formed a stable ternary complex with ArPIKfyve and PIKfyve. Sac3 assembles with PIKfyve and ArPIKfyve in a stable ternary complex and controls PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels. we demonstrate a central function for each component of the core protein machinery for PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis and turnover in the formation/detachment (or maturation) of transport vesicle intermediates from early endosomes." SIGNOR-253531 SUMO1 protein P63165 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys65 QQCQAEAkCPKLLPC 9534 BTO:0000298 9756909 t lperfetto "We have shown previously that wild type PML, but not PML-RARalpha, is covalently modified by the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins |We show that Lys65 in the RING finger domain, Lys160 in the B1 Box, and Lys490 in the nuclear localization signal contributes three major sentrinization sites. The PML mutant with Lys to Arg substitutions in all three sites is expressed normally, but cannot be sentrinized|Furthermore, the triple substitution mutant is localized predominantly to the nucleoplasm, in contrast to wild type PML, which is localized to the nuclear bodies." SIGNOR-270542 11-deoxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16973 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258714 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr145 QGRKRRQtSMTDFYH 9606 16982699 t gcesareni "Whereas akt1 phosphorylates p21, inducing its release from cdk2 and cytoplasmic localization as previously described for akt, akt2 binds p21 in the region spanning the t145 site of p21, thus competing with phosphorylation by akt1 and inducing its accumulation in the nucleus. These distinct roles of akt/pkb isoforms in modulating proliferation and p21 have important implications for the development of drugs aimed at inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.[...] We next investigated if phosphorylation of p21-t145 interfered with akt2 binding. As shown in fig. ?Fig.8e8e (right lane), phosphorylation of p21 on t145 effectively prevented akt2 interaction." SIGNOR-149698 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15998794 t gcesareni "Up-regulation of skp2 by notch signaling enhances proteasome-mediated degradation of the ckis, p27 kip1 and p21 cip1, and causes premature entry into s phase. ;the recognition of p27 by skp2/cks1 of the scfskp2 complex is dictated by cycline/cdk2, providing a high affinity binding site and the phosphorylation of p27 at t187, serving here we provide evidence suggesting that both cdk2/e and phosphorylation of thr(187) on p27 are essential for the recognition of p27 by the scf(skp2/cks1) complex, the ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (e3)." SIGNOR-138493 PICK1 protein Q9NRD5 UNIPROT BNC1 protein Q01954 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000938 11802773 t miannu "we found that the PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1 (protein interacting with C kinase) interacts specifically with the C-termini of BNC1 and ASIC. Our studies showing association of recombinant PICK1 with ASIC and BNC1, and the presence of both PICK1 and ASIC in the synaptosomal fraction" SIGNOR-223414 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok1 3 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2" SIGNOR-201330 HMGA2 protein P52926 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25300915 f miannu "This study unraveled a novel function ofhmga2in induction of apoptosis in human primary cell lines" SIGNOR-205465 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr153 RGNADLAyILSMEPC 9606 15657060 t gcesareni "C-abl phosphorylates casp9 on tyr-153 in vitro and in vivo in response to dna damage.The Present results demonstrate that c-abl binds directly to casp9." SIGNOR-133260 NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr50 QLPVLDKtKFLVPDH -1 31857374 t done miannu "LC3B is phosphorylated at Thr-50 within the LDS by serine/threonine kinase (STK) 3 and STK4. Here, we identified LIR motifs in STK3 and atypical protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) and never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 9 (NEK9). All three kinases phosphorylated LC3B Thr-50 in vitro A phospho-mimicking substitution of Thr-50 impaired binding of several LIR-containing proteins, such as ATG4B, FYVE, and coiled-coil domain-containing 1 (FYCO1), and autophagy cargo receptors p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and neighbor of BRCA1 gene (NBR1)." SIGNOR-273904 STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr50 QLPVLDKtKFLVPDH -1 31857374 t done miannu "LC3B is phosphorylated at Thr-50 within the LDS by serine/threonine kinase (STK) 3 and STK4. Here, we identified LIR motifs in STK3 and atypical protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) and never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 9 (NEK9). All three kinases phosphorylated LC3B Thr-50 in vitro A phospho-mimicking substitution of Thr-50 impaired binding of several LIR-containing proteins, such as ATG4B, FYVE, and coiled-coil domain-containing 1 (FYCO1), and autophagy cargo receptors p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and neighbor of BRCA1 gene (NBR1)." SIGNOR-273905 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr50 QLPVLDKtKFLVPDH -1 31857374 t done miannu "LC3B is phosphorylated at Thr-50 within the LDS by serine/threonine kinase (STK) 3 and STK4. Here, we identified LIR motifs in STK3 and atypical protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) and never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 9 (NEK9). All three kinases phosphorylated LC3B Thr-50 in vitro A phospho-mimicking substitution of Thr-50 impaired binding of several LIR-containing proteins, such as ATG4B, FYVE, and coiled-coil domain-containing 1 (FYCO1), and autophagy cargo receptors p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and neighbor of BRCA1 gene (NBR1)." SIGNOR-273906 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr694 LAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 9606 19088846 t gcesareni "For these assays, coexpression of wt jak3 with stat5a was found to result in tyrosine phosphorylation of stat5a (lane 2) mediated by jak3, since stat5a coexpressed with the kinase-inactive k855a mutant form of jak3 was not tyrosine phosphorylated." SIGNOR-182817 NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser56 NDDPLLRsAGKVRDI 9606 BTO:0000565 28630147 t miannu "Nek7 direct phosphorylation is required for the anaphase localization of Kif14. we generated an EGFP-Kif14-5A construct in which Ser56, Ser607, Ser1217, Ser1219, and Ser1220 were all mutated to Ala. When transfected into HeLa cells, EGFP-Kif14-5A was expressed to similar levels as WT Kif14 (Fig. S3 C), but its localization to the central spindle in anaphase cells was completely abolished (Fig. 6 C)." SIGNOR-266416 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271249 FBXL3 protein Q9UKT7 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17463251 t miannu " We found that both Cry1 and Cry2 proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded via the SCF(Fbxl3) ubiquitin ligase complex. This regulation by SCF(Fbxl3) is a prerequisite for the efficient and timely reactivation of Clock-Bmal1 and the consequent expression of Per1 and Per2, two regulators of the circadian clock that display tumor suppressor activity. HEK293T cells were transfected with Cry2, Skp1, Cul1, and Roc1 in the absence or presence of either FLAG-tagged Fbxl3 or a FLAG-tagged Fbxl3(ΔF-box) mutant. Fbxl3, but not an inactive Fbxl3(ΔF-box) mutant (4), induced the ubiquitination of Cry2 (Fig. 2D), which supports the notion that the effect of Fbxl3 on Cry2 is direct." SIGNOR-271649 ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 8621729 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrated that a-raf is, indeed, a mek1 activator and may play a role in growth factor signaling." SIGNOR-244813 HP protein P00738 UNIPROT APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 17824618 t miannu "Haptoglobin binding to apolipoprotein A-I prevents damage from hydroxyl radicals on its stimulatory activity of the enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyl-transferase. haptoglobin, when circulating at enhanced levels with free Hb during the acute phase of inflammation, might protect ApoA-I structure and function against hydroxyl radicals." SIGNOR-252106 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR EPCAM protein P16422 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11505407 f miannu "The current results provide the first insights into the regulation of EpCAM expression, which is regulated negatively by TNFalpha and TPA through the activation of NF-kappaB. The repression may rely on the competition of NF-kappaB for p300/CBP histone acetyl transferase activity, because the overexpression of p300 reverts TNFalpha effects." SIGNOR-254790 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004052 23996074 t irozzo "In this work, we have identified and mapped the protein-protein interaction site between DOT1L and MLL fusion proteins, AF9 and ENL.The MLL fusion proteins, AF9 and ENL, activate target genes in part via recruitment of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like). It is known that the recruitment of DOT1L results in hypermethylation of H3K79 on the prominent MLL fusion downstream target loci Hoxa9 and Meis1" SIGNOR-255869 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001516 19276253 t "Functionally, CBL negatively regulated FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) activity and interacted with human FLT3 via the autophosphorylation sites Y589 and Y599 and colocalized in vivo." SIGNOR-255739 ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "ARHGEF6 is a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 and constitutively bound to GIT1. NO and PGI2 activate PKG and PKA, respectively and both kinases phosphorylate ARHGEF6 on Ser-684 and possibly on Ser-640. Phosphorylation of ARHGEF6 results in the assembly of a GIT1-ARHGEF6–14-3-3 complex. These changes might contribute to PGI2- and NO-mediated Rac1 inhibition." SIGNOR-272167 MAML3 protein Q96JK9 UNIPROT NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12370315 t gcesareni "We report here the cloning and characterization of two new genes, maml2 and maml3, that also function as transcriptional coactivators for notch receptors." SIGNOR-94100 1-[4-[1-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)-4-(8-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-6-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]phenyl]-3-methylurea chemical CHEBI:91364 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;ATP-competitive inhibitor mTOR" gcesareni SIGNOR-207800 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT CLDN2 protein P57739 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003569 14751232 f lperfetto "Furthermore, claudin-2 promoter activity was found to be enhanced by the TCF-4/beta-catenin transcription complex." SIGNOR-254114 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 ATRGRGSsVGGGSRR 9606 BTO:0000007 11154276 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylates and negatively regulates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 akt decreased ask1 kinase activity stimulated by both oxidative stress and overexpression in 293 cells by phosphorylating a consensus akt site at serine 83 of ask1." SIGNOR-252465 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269244 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF181 protein Q9P0P0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271230 KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23435229 f miannu "KDM4B enzymatic activity is required to enhance AR transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-254541 KLF8 protein O95600 UNIPROT CTBP2 protein P56545 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 10756197 t miannu "Here we report the characterisation of KLF8/ZNF741/BKLF3 (KLF8). We demonstrate that this protein is able to bind CACCC-boxes in DNA and can repress gene expression by associating with CtBP co-repressors." SIGNOR-236962 DRD4 protein P21917 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257098 AMER1 protein Q5JTC6 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000038 21498506 t lperfetto "We show that Amer1 binds directly to beta-catenin via a novel interaction motif, the REA repeats. This amino acid motif, including the core sequence arginine, glutamic acid and alanine, and this REA repeats mediate binding of Amer1 to the armadillo repeats of beta-catenin. The data suggest that Amer1 exerts its negative regulatory role in Wnt signaling by acting as a scaffold protein for the beta-catenin destruction complex and promoting stabilization of Axin at the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-217950 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNN2 protein Q9H2S1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser567 SSSRRRRsSSTAPPT 9606 16513649 t llicata "Mutagenesis and mass spectrometry studies identified four pka phosphorylation sites: ser465 (minor site) and three amino acid residues ser568, ser569, and ser570 (major sites) within the carboxyl-terminal region. pka activation decreased sk2 surface localization" SIGNOR-145032 SLC24A4 protein Q8NFF2 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264397 ERCC6 protein Q03468 UNIPROT "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-268822 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser242 IPNGFGTsPLTPSAR -1 12556484 t done miannu "In this case, only NudelS2 and NudelS5 were phosphorylated. Therefore, T219, S242, and T245 of Nudel were phosphorylation sites of Cdc2 in vitro. In contrast, Erk2 only phosphorylated T219 and T245. These two sites, with surrounding sequences such as PATP from residues 217 to 220 and PLTP from 243 to 246, respectively, are indeed typical MAPK sites" SIGNOR-274073 MRPS34 protein P82930 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261443 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR-C110 10318824 t lperfetto "From the binding experiments, we defined the domains of Axin that bind glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and beta-catenin. We also examined the ability of each Axin mutant to inhibit lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (Lef-1) reporter activity in a cell line expressing high levels of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-67438 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr235 SSSSPPGtPSPADAK 9606 19723873 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of cebpb at thr(235) peaked at 16 hours in il-1beta-stimulated cells. The mek inhibitor u0126 inhibited this phosphorylation and reduced mmp-1 gene induction." SIGNOR-187798 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 10090 24463822 t "The ability of HDAC1 to cause muscle atrophy required its deacetylase activity and was linked to the induction of several atrophy genes by HDAC1, including atrogin-1, which required deacetylation of FoxO3a" SIGNOR-256486 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000746 27777311 f "We show that in addition, DEX-bound GR directly promotes the expression of adipogenic TFs, including C/EBPβ, Klf5, Klf9, and C/EBPα." SIGNOR-256117 CFLAR protein O15519 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "Flip can be incorporated into the disc complex and blocks processing and activation of pro-caspase8" SIGNOR-96402 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15048128 t gcesareni "Pkb inhibits smad3 by preventing its phosphorylation, binding to smad4 and nuclear translocation. [...] Regulation of smad3 by pkb occurs through a kinase-activity-independent mechanism, resulting in a decrease in smad3-mediated transcription and protection of cells against tgf-beta-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-123606 MSL1 protein Q68DK7 UNIPROT H2BC21 protein Q16778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSIYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271977 CENPT protein Q96BT3 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265204 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr219 ASLSLPAtPVGKGTE -1 12556484 t done miannu "In this case, only NudelS2 and NudelS5 were phosphorylated. Therefore, T219, S242, and T245 of Nudel were phosphorylation sites of Cdc2 in vitro. In contrast, Erk2 only phosphorylated T219 and T245. These two sites, with surrounding sequences such as PATP from residues 217 to 220 and PLTP from 243 to 246, respectively, are indeed typical MAPK sites" SIGNOR-274074 MARK4 protein Q96L34 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser420 KHPTPGSsDPLIQPS -1 21204788 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273936 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PDE4B protein Q07343 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser133 GHSQRREsFLYRSDS 9534 BTO:0001538 12023945 t done miannu "Long PDE4 isoforms from all four sub-families can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). This leads to an increase in their activity and may thus contribute to cellular desensitization processes in cells where these isoforms are selectively expressed.These were Ser89Ala-PDE4A8, Ser133Ala-PDE4B1, Ser13Ala-PDE4C2 and Ser126Ala-PDE4D5." SIGNOR-273940 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCBLD2 protein Q96PD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr621 LQADSAEyAQPLVGG -1 23770091 t done miannu "Mutagenesis analysis of ESDN's seven intracellular tyrosines in YxxP motifs found several contribute to the binding of ESDN to the SH2 domains of both CrkCT10 regulator of kinase Crk-Like (CrkL) and a representative SFK Fyn. Quantitative mass spectrometry showed that at least three of these (Y565, Y621 and Y750), as well as non-YxxP Y715, are reversibly phosphorylated. SFK activity was shown to be sufficient, but not required for the interaction between ESDN and the CrkL-SH2 domain. Finally, antibody-mediated ESDN clustering induces ESDN tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL-SH2 binding." SIGNOR-273941 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCBLD2 protein Q96PD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr655 GYADLDPyNSPGQEV -1 23770091 t done miannu "Mutagenesis analysis of ESDN's seven intracellular tyrosines in YxxP motifs found several contribute to the binding of ESDN to the SH2 domains of both CrkCT10 regulator of kinase Crk-Like (CrkL) and a representative SFK Fyn. Quantitative mass spectrometry showed that at least three of these (Y565, Y621 and Y750), as well as non-YxxP Y715, are reversibly phosphorylated. SFK activity was shown to be sufficient, but not required for the interaction between ESDN and the CrkL-SH2 domain. Finally, antibody-mediated ESDN clustering induces ESDN tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL-SH2 binding." SIGNOR-273942 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCBLD2 protein Q96PD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr750 PAPDELVyQVPQSTQ -1 23770091 t done miannu "Mutagenesis analysis of ESDN's seven intracellular tyrosines in YxxP motifs found several contribute to the binding of ESDN to the SH2 domains of both CrkCT10 regulator of kinase Crk-Like (CrkL) and a representative SFK Fyn. Quantitative mass spectrometry showed that at least three of these (Y565, Y621 and Y750), as well as non-YxxP Y715, are reversibly phosphorylated. SFK activity was shown to be sufficient, but not required for the interaction between ESDN and the CrkL-SH2 domain. Finally, antibody-mediated ESDN clustering induces ESDN tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL-SH2 binding." SIGNOR-273944 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12835716 t gcesareni "Furthermore, c-myc activation can also promote the degradation of p27kip1 protein by directly activating the cul1 gene, which encodes a critical component of the ubiquitin ligase scfskp2" SIGNOR-102749 PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12052884 f miannu "Blimp-1-dependent repression of pax-5 is required for differentiation of b cells to immunoglobulin m-secreting plasma cells" SIGNOR-89032 etoposide chemical CHEBI:4911 ChEBI TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 16101488 t miannu "Etoposide is an important chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a wide spectrum of human cancers. It has been in clinical use for more than two decades and remains one of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world. The primary cytotoxic target for etoposide is topoisomerase II." SIGNOR-259325 Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung induces an uncontrolled generalized immune response. Several immune cells (like T-lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) sustain the impressive secretion of cytokines and chemokines ultimately leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm." SIGNOR-261036 GF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF39 SIGNOR RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17306385 t miannu "Multiple growth- and differentiation-inducing polypeptide factors bind to and activate transmembrane receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs), to instigate a plethora of biochemical cascades culminating in regulation of cell fate." SIGNOR-256163 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT Erythrocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH104 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004911 23319051 f "Analysis of SclΔ40/Δ40 embryonic stem (ES) cells revealed impaired erythroid differentiation, which was accompanied by a failure to upregulate Scl when erythropoiesis was initiated." SIGNOR-259971 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCBLD2 protein Q96PD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr565 KKKTEGTyDLPYWDR -1 23770091 t done miannu "Mutagenesis analysis of ESDN's seven intracellular tyrosines in YxxP motifs found several contribute to the binding of ESDN to the SH2 domains of both CrkCT10 regulator of kinase Crk-Like (CrkL) and a representative SFK Fyn. Quantitative mass spectrometry showed that at least three of these (Y565, Y621 and Y750), as well as non-YxxP Y715, are reversibly phosphorylated. SFK activity was shown to be sufficient, but not required for the interaction between ESDN and the CrkL-SH2 domain. Finally, antibody-mediated ESDN clustering induces ESDN tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL-SH2 binding." SIGNOR-273945 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 12556484 t done miannu "We found that Nudel and NudE were also phosphorylated in M phase (Fig. ​(Fig.22 and ​and3).3). First, Nudel and NudE were specifically phosphorylated in M phase. Moreover, both proteins were phosphorylated by Cdc2 and Erk2 in vitro.Due to conservation of the S/TP motifs, NudE may also be phosphorylated at similar sites by these kinases, though it contains an additional potential Cdk site at S282 (SPNR)." SIGNOR-274077 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser125 CRAMDRTsYAVETGH 9534 12023945 t miannu "Long PDE4 isoforms from all four sub-families can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). This leads to an increase in their activity and may thus contribute to cellular desensitization processes in cells where these isoforms are selectively expressed.These were Ser89Ala-PDE4A8, Ser133Ala-PDE4B1, Ser13Ala-PDE4C2 and Ser126Ala-PDE4D5." SIGNOR-273939 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCBLD2 protein Q96PD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr666 GQEVYHAyAEPLPIT -1 23770091 t done miannu "Mutagenesis analysis of ESDN's seven intracellular tyrosines in YxxP motifs found several contribute to the binding of ESDN to the SH2 domains of both CrkCT10 regulator of kinase Crk-Like (CrkL) and a representative SFK Fyn. Quantitative mass spectrometry showed that at least three of these (Y565, Y621 and Y750), as well as non-YxxP Y715, are reversibly phosphorylated. SFK activity was shown to be sufficient, but not required for the interaction between ESDN and the CrkL-SH2 domain. Finally, antibody-mediated ESDN clustering induces ESDN tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL-SH2 binding." SIGNOR-273946 Avacopan chemical CID:49841217 PUBCHEM C5AR2 protein Q9P296 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31734405 t lperfetto "CCX168 (avocapan), a C5aR antagonist, has proven its safety and efficiency in phase I and phase II trials conducted in AAV patients." SIGNOR-263474 "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272187 TEX12 protein Q9BXU0 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22394509 t miannu "The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure of chromosome bivalents whose assembly is indispensable for the successful progression of the first meiotic division of sexually reproducing organisms. four proteins were identified that locate specifically to the CE: SYCE1, SYCE2, SYCE3 and TEX12. These three proteins (SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3) are essential for synapsis initiation, as no CE-structures are formed in the absence of any of these proteins. The final step, i.e. synapsis extension over the entire length of the homologs, requires loading of both SYCE2 and TEX12. In their absence, short pieces of CE-like structures composed of SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3 are formed that, however, cannot mature to a SC central region." SIGNOR-264203 UVRAG protein Q9P2Y5 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18843052 t lperfetto "Although both human atg14 and uvrag interact with beclin 1 and vps34." SIGNOR-181554 YES1 protein P07947 UNIPROT WBP2 protein Q969T9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr231 AEAAASAyYNPGNPH 9606 BTO:0000093 21642474 t miannu "Using dominant-negative, constitutively active mutants, RNAi, and pharmacological studies, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of WBP2 at Tyr192 and Tyr231 could be regulated by c-Src and c-Yes kinases.We further showed that abrogating WBP2 phosphorylation impaired >60% of ERα reporter activity, putatively by blocking nuclear entry of WBP2 and its interaction with ERα." SIGNOR-273582 "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269012 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser222 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 9606 BTO:0000142 8668348 t gcesareni "We show that, consequently, b-raf interacts with mek-1 and mek-2 with a better affinity than does c-raf-1, thus strengthening the notion that b-raf is a stronger mek activator than c-raf-l." SIGNOR-42664 KLHL7 protein Q8IXQ5 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000675 29032201 t miannu "Kelch-like protein 7 (KLHL7) is a component of Cul3-based Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase. In this study, we report that KLHL7 increases terminal uridylyl transferase 1 (TUT1) ubiquitination involved in nucleolar integrity." SIGNOR-272320 PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 19881509 t Giorgia "Only AIP4 associated with PCBP2 and caused MAVS degradation. The interaction between PCBP2 and AIP4 was abrogated when the linker region or WB2 of PCBP2 was deleted, which confirmed our previous data indicating that this region was critical for PCBP2-mediated degradation of MAVS" SIGNOR-260361 bexarotene chemical CHEBI:50859 ChEBI RXR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF44 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002058 17483357 t miannu "Bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a selective retinoid X receptor agonist, prevents and reverses gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC cells by modulating gene amplification." SIGNOR-259233 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GMFB protein P60983 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr27 KFRFRKEtNNAAIIM -1 9030586 t lperfetto "Using synthetic peptide fragments containing putative phosphorylation sites of GMF, we demonstrate that PKA is capable of phosphorylating threonine 26 and serine 82, whereas PKC, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase, and casein kinase II, can phosphorylate serine 71, threonine 26, and serine 52, respectively." SIGNOR-248961 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT GRB14 protein Q14449 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 MHPYQGRsGCSSQSI -1 28130417 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of clustered serine residues in the N-terminus of BPS domain negatively regulates formation of the complex between human Grb14 and insulin receptor| In vitro kinase assay using the motif-derived peptides showed that the serine residues located in N-terminal (Ser358, Ser362 and Ser366) and C-terminal (Ser419 and Ser423) regions of the BPS domain were phosphorylated by GSK-3." SIGNOR-264871 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser211 VAQTPMPsEYQNMTV 9606 23603988 t lperfetto "We showed that cdk9 phosphorylates pirh2 on ser-211 and thr-217 residues through their physical interaction. Phosphorylation of pirh2 renders it inactive and may contribute to p53-inhibition of transcriptional elongation of the hiv-1 ltr." SIGNOR-201923 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256906 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258073 CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 t "These results reveal that CRTC2 plays an essential role in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis through coordinated regulation of the glucocorticoid/GR- and glucagon/CREB-signaling pathways on the key genes G6P and PEPCK." SIGNOR-256106 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT PCK2 protein Q16822 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255060 TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003324 16407200 t lperfetto "In contrast to MKK3-induced p38 kinase downstream effects, TAB-1-induced p38 kinase activation does not induce expression of pro-inflammatory genes, cardiac marker gene expression, or changes in cellular morphology. Rather, TAB-1 binds to p38 and prevents p38 nuclear localization." SIGNOR-143576 RBM15 protein Q96T37 UNIPROT SON protein P18583 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19786495 t miannu "Here we report that the human nxf1-binding protein rbm15 binds specifically to human dbp5 and facilitates its direct contact with mrna in vivo." SIGNOR-188264 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser61 PLSTPCSsVPSSPSF 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159390 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9300687 f "Thus, Egr-1 seems to control the expression of downstream target genes not only as a transcriptional activator, but also as a repressor molecule. In B cells, Egr-1 therefore plays a critical role in integrating the short-lived signal delivered by triggering of the Ag receptor into phenotypic changes, including repression of CD95 and CD23 transcription." SIGNOR-254278 SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253401 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT RAB8A protein P61006 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr72 AGQERFRtITTAYYR -1 32227113 t lperfetto "In a screen for Rab8A kinases we identify TAK1 and MST3 kinases that can efficiently phosphorylate the Switch II residue Threonine72 (Thr72) in a similar manner as LRRK2 in vitro. |Overall our data suggests that the phosphorylation of Rab8A at Ser111 may influence Switch II-binding by regulators, thus disrupting interactions with its cognate GEF and moderately impairs its interaction with GAPs.|The antagonistic interplay between Ser111 phosphorylation and Thr72 phosphorylation is genetically concordant with how respective mutations in PINK1 and LRRK2 cause Parkinson’s disease" SIGNOR-260266 PBX4 protein Q9BYU1 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265780 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT ALAS2 protein P22557 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 21207956 f miannu "Hypoxia-induced expression of erythroid-specific ALAS2 is mediated by HIF1 in erythroid cells." SIGNOR-254421 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHADAEMtGYVVTRW 9606 BTO:0000007 10066767 t done miannu "p38-δ is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7. we investigated whether this Thr180-Gly-Tyr182 motif was essential for p38-δ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual phosphorylation TGY motif is required for p38-δ activation." SIGNOR-273950 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr182 ADAEMTGyVVTRWYR 9606 BTO:0000007 10066767 t done miannu "p38-δ is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7. we investigated whether this Thr180-Gly-Tyr182 motif was essential for p38-δ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual phosphorylation TGY motif is required for p38-δ activation." SIGNOR-273955 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHADAEMtGYVVTRW 9606 BTO:0000007 10066767 t done miannu "p38-δ is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7. we investigated whether this Thr180-Gly-Tyr182 motif was essential for p38-δ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual phosphorylation TGY motif is required for p38-δ activation." SIGNOR-273956 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr319 TSVYESPySDPEELK -1 10202147 t done miannu " In this report, we identify Tyr319 as a functionally important phosphorylation site in the ZAP-70 interdomain B region. Phosphorylation of Tyr319 promoted the association of ZAP-70 with the SH2 domains of two key signaling molecules, Lck and PLC-gamma1. These studies suggest that Tyr319 phosphorylation is required for the assembly of a ZAP-70-containing signaling complex that leads to the activation of the PLC-gamma1- and Ras-dependent signaling cascades in antigen-stimulated T cells." SIGNOR-273948 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHADAEMtGYVVTRW 9606 BTO:0000007 10066767 t done miannu "p38-δ is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7. we investigated whether this Thr180-Gly-Tyr182 motif was essential for p38-δ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual phosphorylation TGY motif is required for p38-δ activation." SIGNOR-273952 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT CCNH protein P51946 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 YEDDDYVsKKSKHEE 9606 10993082 t lperfetto "Cdk8 phosphorylates mammalian cyclin h in the vicinity of its functionally unique amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal alpha-helical domains. This phosphorylation represses both the ability of tfiih to activate transcription and its ctd kinase activity" SIGNOR-82033 CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 25673924 t lperfetto "CD19 has an extracellular region containing two C2-type Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic region of ~240 amino acids with 9 conserved tyrosine residues24. Lyn, a Src-family protein tyrosine kinase member, is the dominant kinase that phosphorylates CD19 upon stimulation. Once tyrosyl-phosphorylated, CD19 serves as a membrane-bound adaptor protein for Src homology 2-containing signaling molecules such as Lyn, Vav, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which further mediate downstream activation cascades." SIGNOR-242897 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1409 SAPEDPTsPKRKMRR 9606 BTO:0000848 21087211 t gcesareni "Specifically, 14-3-3 binds to p90(rsk)-phosphorylated ser?_??_ Of capic?_A thereby modulating dna binding to its hmg (high-mobility group) box, whereas erk phosphorylations prevent binding of a c-terminal nls (nuclear localization sequence) to importin ?4 (kpna3)[...] These results suggest that erk phosphorylation of ser1382 and ser1409 masks the nls and prevents its binding to kpna3" SIGNOR-169879 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT RAD17 protein O75943 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser656 SASELPAsQPQPFSA 9606 11687627 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that atr but not atm phosphorylates the human rad17 (hrad17) checkpoint protein on ser(635) and ser(645) in vitro.The rfc-related checkpoint protein rad17, a phosphorylation substrate of atr, is critical for atr-mediated checkpoint signaling and cell survival." SIGNOR-111252 SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002058 20501643 f miannu "When Spry4 was stably transfected into H157 and H2122 NSCLC cell lines, decreased migration and invasion were observed. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was decreased, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP1 and CD82 were increased. Stable expression of Spry4 led to reduced cell growth and reduced anchorage-independent growth in NSCLC cell lines, along with upregulation of tumor suppressors p53 and p21." SIGNOR-253037 SPAG4 protein Q9NPE6 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263285 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HSPB8 protein Q9UJY1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr63 LSSAWPGtLRSGMVP 9606 22721717 t lperfetto "Hsp22 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (at residues ser(14) and thr(63)) and by p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (at residues ser(27) and thr(87)). Concerning the possible function of hsp22, no definitive conclusions can be drawn with the available data, although its function might be to bind to and modulate the activity of hsp27.Some Studies claimed that phosphorylation is required for the translocation" SIGNOR-197949 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr496 PPALAKGyLKQDPLE 10433356 t "Binding of IL-10 to the extracellular domain of IL-10R1 activates phosphorylation of the receptor-associated Janus tyrosine kinases, JAK1 and Tyk2. These kinases then phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues (Y446 and Y496) on the intracellular domain of the IL-10R1 chain. Once phosphorylated, these tyrosine residues (and their flanking peptide sequences) serve as temporary docking sites for the latent transcription factor, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3)." SIGNOR-251339 tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29185 ChEBI Lys-tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:16047 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270409 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT MBD2 protein Q9UBB5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 15618232 f lperfetto "We then examined the levels of DNMT1 and methylated DNA-binding protein 2 (MBD2) expressions in these cells to determine whether this reduction in uPA expression is associated with changes in the DNA methylation machinery. Our results showed that ectopic expression of RAS induced DNMT1 expression and activity and inhibited MBD2 expression." SIGNOR-254128 LTK protein P29376 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 9223670 t gcesareni "Although c-cbl is found to be phosphorylated by ltk and therefore is a second candidate linking ltk with the pi3-kinase pathway along with irs-1, we found that the p85 subunit of pi3 kinase directly binds to tyrosine 753 of ltk, which is located within a yxxm motif, a consensus binding amino acid sequence for the sh2 domain of p85." SIGNOR-49528 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR WDSUB1 protein Q8N9V3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271276 CDK20 protein Q8IZL9 UNIPROT CILK1 protein Q9UPZ9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr157 IRSKPPYtDYVSTRW 9606 15988018 t lperfetto "Recombinant cak1p phosphorylates thr-157 in the tdy motif of recombinant ick and activates its activity in vitro." SIGNOR-138420 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr291 AETSKLIyDFIEDQG 9534 BTO:0000298 12235133 t done miannu "Hck induces tyrosine phosphorylation of WASp. Here we show that the Src family kinase Hck induces phosphorylation of WASp-Tyr(291) independently of Cdc42 and that this causes a shift in the mobility of WASp upon SDS-PAGE. A phospho-mimicking mutant, WASp-Y291E, exhibited an enhanced ability to stimulate actin polymerization in a cell-free system and when microinjected into primary macrophages induced extensive filopodium formation with greater efficiency than wild-type WASp or a Y291F mutant. We propose that phosphorylation of Tyr(291) directly regulates WASp function." SIGNOR-273957 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 12496371 t miannu "In our present study, we demonstrate that ligand-mediated stimulation causes EphA2 to be internalized and degraded. The mechanism of this response involves ligand-mediated autophosphorylation of EphA2, which promotes an association between EphA2 and the c-Cbl adaptor protein. We also show that c-Cbl promotes stimulation-dependent EphA2 degradation. " SIGNOR-272590 BAG1 protein Q99933 UNIPROT PPP1R15A protein O75807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000038 12724406 t lperfetto "Human BAG-1 proteins bind to the cellular stress response protein GADD34 and interfere with GADD34 functions.|BAG-1 negatively modulates GADD34-bound PP1 activity, and the expression of BAG-1 isoforms can also mask GADD34-mediated inhibition of colony formation and suppression of transcription. Our findings suggest that BAG-1 may function to suppress the GADD34-mediated cellular stress response and support a role for BAG-1 in the survival of cells undergoing stress." SIGNOR-254117 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser394 TRQTPVDsPDDSTLS 10090 BTO:0002572 12782654 t lperfetto "S6K1 is a positive regulator of protein synthesis, and its activity is induced by mTOR-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-101328 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser90 LPGSRPGsPEREVPA 9606 BTO:0000567 12468530 t llicata "Baculovirus-based expression and purification of Tip60 combined with mass spectrometry allowed the identification of serines 86 and 90 as two major sites of phosphorylation in vivo. The phosphorylation of Tip60 was found to modulate its histone acetyltransferase activity. One of the identified phosphorylated serines, Ser-90, was within a consensus cyclin B/Cdc2 site. Ser-90 was specifically phosphorylatedin vitro by the cyclin B/Cdc2 complex." SIGNOR-250642 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10224115 t "G protein alpha subunits Gi1alpha, Gsalpha, and Goalpha are shown to activate the GTPase activity of tubulin, inhibit microtubule assembly, and accelerate microtubule dynamics." SIGNOR-256538 ARHGAP40 protein Q5TG30 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260496 CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT CyclinY/CDK16 complex SIGNOR-C540 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30992425 t lperfetto "CDK16 (also known as PCTAIRE1 or PCTK1) is an atypical member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family that forms an active complex with cyclin Y (CCNY)." SIGNOR-273002 LETM1 protein O95202 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 18628306 f lperfetto "LETM1 knockdown obviously reduced the formation of the supercomplexes (Fig. 5C, arrowhead). Complexes I and IV failed to form, and the assembly of complex III was significantly decreased. By contrast, the assembly of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) and complex V (ATP synthase) – which are not proton pumps – was unaffected." SIGNOR-262548 SEC31A protein O94979 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265292 UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 11714696 t miannu "Using an in vitro reconstitution, specific E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating) enzymes (human UbcH4, UbcH5B, and UbcH5C) transferred ubiquitin molecules to hHYD, leading to the ubiquitination of TopBP1. TopBP1 was usually ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteosome, whereas X-irradiation diminished the ubiquitination of TopBP1 probably via the phosphorylation, resulting in the stable colocalization of up-regulated TopBP1 with gamma-H2AX nuclear foci in DNA breaks." SIGNOR-272668 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT GATA5 protein Q9BWX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22625849 f miannu "The present study provides the first evidence that USF1 activates GATA5 gene expression through the E-box motif and suggests a potential mechanism (disruption of the E-box) by which GATA5 promoter methylation reduces GATA5 expression in cancer." SIGNOR-255596 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1197 STAENAEyLRVAPQS 9606 16943190 t lperfetto "we show that activated Abl phosphorylates the EGFR primarily on tyrosine 1173Furthermore, we show that activated Abl allows the ligand-activated EGFR to escape Cbl-dependent down-regulation by inhibiting the accumulation of Cbl at the plasma membrane in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation and disrupting the formation of the EGFR.Cbl complex without affecting Cbl protein stability. These findings reveal a novel role for Abl in promoting increased cell-surface expression of the EGFR and suggest that Abl/EGFR signaling may cooperate in human" SIGNOR-149277 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2G1 protein P62253 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271315 FCHO1 protein O14526 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 24789820 t lperfetto "Early recruitment of FCHo1/2, Eps15, epsin, and intersectin to the rims of assembling coated pits is essential for their stability and further growth" SIGNOR-260715 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR ISCU protein Q9H1K1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser14 FRLRRAAsALLLRSP 9606 23508953 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that mtorc1 associates with iscu and phosphorylates iscu at serine 14. This phosphorylation stabilized iscu protein." SIGNOR-217082 S protein P59594 UNIPROT EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 16940539 f miannu "SARS-CoV S protein specifically activated PERK but did not significantly affect IRE1/XBP1 or ATF6." SIGNOR-260439 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 9774383 t lperfetto "By the use of gene disruption (knockout), we now demonstrate that TACE (tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme), a member of the ADAM family (a disintegrin and metalloprotease-family) of proteases, plays a central role in regulated alpha-cleavage of APP. Our data suggest that TACE may be the alpha-secretase responsible for the majority of regulated alpha-cleavage in cultured cells. " SIGNOR-262829 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 11278251 t miannu "Here we show that Smurf1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for bone morphogenetic protein-specific Smads, also interacts with Smad7 and induces Smad7 ubiquitination and translocation into the cytoplasm. In addition, Smurf1 associates with TbetaR-I via Smad7, with subsequent enhancement of turnover of TbetaR-I and Smad7. " SIGNOR-272942 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser102 EEGISQEsSEEEQ -1 2806554 t llicata "Sequence analysis of the native peptide (90-107) after treatment, which specifically converts phosphoserine residues to S-ethylcysteine, revealed that 70-80% of serine residues 102 and 103 were phosphorylated in vivo. Both residues were fully phosphorylated in vitro by incubation with casein kinase II. These results suggest that casein kinase II is involved in the regulation of HMG-I function in the cells." SIGNOR-251004 SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 22068056 t lperfetto "We show that the muscle determination factor MyoD and the SWI/SNF subunit BAF60c interact on the regulatory elements of MyoD-target genes in myoblasts, prior to activation of transcription. BAF60c facilitates MyoD binding to target genes and marks the chromatin for signal-dependent recruitment of the SWI/SNF core to muscle genes." SIGNOR-238289 GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257380 PTCHD1 protein Q96NR3 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 29118110 t miannu "Using Western blotting, we validated our MS approach confirming the binding of Dgl4 (also known as PSD95) and VPS35 to the recombinant Ptchd1 C terminus. Endogenous DLG4 and VPS35 from membrane and soluble mouse brain fractions were recovered specifically on the GST fusion proteins containing the cytoplasmic but not the extracellular, negative control sequences of Ptchd1 (Fig. 5E). Binding of DLG4 was dependent on the PDZ-binding motif in Ptchd1, whereas VPS35 binding was not (Fig. 5E). These results demonstrate a biochemical interaction of Ptchd1 with postsynaptic trafficking proteins in the mouse brain. Together, these data suggest that loss of Ptchd1 results in severe alterations in synaptic function in the dentate gyrus" SIGNOR-266652 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser197 KEDRSASsGAEGDVS -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273963 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr187 ESSKERNtPRKEDRS -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273964 ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT FPR2 protein P25090 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15187149 t "We show that the mimetic N-terminal annexin 1 peptide Ac1-25 is able to activate and desensitize not only FPR but also FPRL1 and FPRL2." SIGNOR-259437 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 17367763 t miannu "Sunitinib (SU-11248, Sutent) inhibits at least eight receptor protein-tyrosine kinases including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1-3 (VEGFR1-VEGFR3), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta), stem cell factor receptor (Kit), Flt-3, and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R)." SIGNOR-259319 HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR down-regulates -1 12213813 f lperfetto "In vitro, binding of HMGN1 proteins to the nucleosomes reduces chromatin compaction and promotes overall accessibility to the nucleosomes" SIGNOR-262989 TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205446 HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT SMAD7/HDAC1/E2F-1 complex SIGNOR-C12 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 23213415 t lperfetto "Furthermore, smad7 caused hdac-1 bind to e2f-1 to form a ternary complex on chromosomal dna containing an e2f-binding motif and leading to repression in the activity of the e2f target genes." SIGNOR-217358 ANGPT2 protein O15123 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9723709 t lperfetto "Angiopoietin-1 and -2, bound to tek with similar affinities, and angiopoietin-1 effectively induced tek phosphorylation in hematopoietic cells. Angiopoietin-2 also induced a low level of tek phosphorylation and weakened the phosphorylation induced by angiopoietin-1" SIGNOR-59808 MIF protein P14174 UNIPROT CXCR2 protein P25025 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 17435771 t gcesareni "We identify the chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 as functional receptors for MIF [] By activating both CXCR2 and CXCR4, MIF displays chemokine-like functions and acts as a major regulator of inflammatory cell recruitment and atherogenesis." SIGNOR-252061 LHX3 protein Q9UBR4 UNIPROT ISL2 protein Q96A47 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9452425 t lperfetto "a direct NLI-independent interaction between Lhx3 and the related proteins Isl1 and Isl2 was observed. The combinatorial expression of the LIM homeodomain proteins Isl1, Isl2, Lhx1, and Lhx3 in subsets of developing motor neurons correlates with the future organization of these neurons into motor columns with distinct innervation targets, implying a functional role for LIM homeodomain protein combinations in the specification of neuronal identity" SIGNOR-236836 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT SRCIN1 protein Q9C0H9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr264 IYRKEPLyAAFPGSH 9606 BTO:0000142 23383002 t llicata "Furthermore, we identify abl as the major tyrosine kinase that can trigger p140cap phosphorylation on these sequences." SIGNOR-200854 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser204 SGAEGDVsSEREP -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273965 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273159 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0002572 16885213 t gcesareni "We found that Smo, by virtue of what appears to be constitutive activity, activates all members of the G(i) family but does not activate members of the G(s), G(q), and G(12) families. The activation is suppressed by cyclopamine and other inhibitors of Hedgehog signaling and is enhanced by the Smo agonist purmorphamine." SIGNOR-148487 CAPRIN2 protein Q6IMN6 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19619488 t gcesareni "A cytoplasmic protein in vertebrates, referred to as caprin-2, binds to lrp6 and facilitates lrp6 phosphorylation by gsk3" SIGNOR-187177 HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256742 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation 10116 20496096 t "inferred from 70% family members" "CaN is activated, targeting a set of proteins for dephosphorylation, including dynamin II |We have recently discovered that the ubiquitously expressed dynamin isoform, dynII, is phosphorylated at S764 specifically during mitosis (unpublished data). We now show that S764 is phosphorylated throughout mitosis and is dephosphorylated at the time of cytokinesis(dynII)." SIGNOR-269990 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser338 DEASATVsKTETSQV -1 11910029 t lperfetto "Thus, the primary protein kinase C sites are Ser334 and Ser338, with minor phosphorylation of Thr335/336 and Ser343." SIGNOR-249147 etoposide chemical CHEBI:4911 ChEBI TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 16101488 t miannu "Etoposide is an important chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a wide spectrum of human cancers. It has been in clinical use for more than two decades and remains one of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world. The primary cytotoxic target for etoposide is topoisomerase II." SIGNOR-259326 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257959 EIF4G1 protein Q04637 UNIPROT eIF4F_complex complex SIGNOR-C44 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000671 11408474 t miannu "Eif4a interacts with a scaffold protein, eif4g, to form complexes that also contain the cap-binding protein eif4e, which binds the cap structure (m7gpppn_) at the 5_-end of the mrna. These complexes are termed eif4f." SIGNOR-108518 DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257043 AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 23479728 t lperfetto "Furthermore, the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAC, HtrA2, and ARTS were significantly enhanced in AREL1-expressing cells following apoptotic stimulation, indicating that AREL1 binds to and ubiquitinates cytosolic but not mitochondria-associated forms of IAP antagonists" SIGNOR-267669 clomipramine chemical CHEBI:47780 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "At the human norepinephrine transporter, among the antidepressants desipramine was the most potent with a KD=0.83±0.05 nM. All the tetracyclic antidepressants, except mirtazapine, which is a structural analog of mianserin, were more potent at the norepinephrine transporter than at the serotonin transporter. Tomoxetine, considered from animal data to be very selective for the norepinephrine transporter, had high affinity for the human norepinephrine transporter (KD=2.03±0.06 nM). However, at the human serotonin transporter, tomoxetine was nearly as potent and close to that for dothiepin and venlafaxine. Venlafaxine, considered a serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was very weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. Its KD value was 5× less that than for norepinephrine. All of the serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, with the exception of paroxetine, were also weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. " SIGNOR-258874 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser179 KTRAKGPsESSKERN -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273968 MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257390 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser39 TTSTRTYsLGSALRP 9606 20856200 t llicata "The binding of akt (tail region) to vim (head region) results in vim ser39 phosphorylation enhancing the ability of vim to induce motility and invasion while protecting vim from caspase-induced proteolysis." SIGNOR-252511 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 10090 26260587 t lperfetto "IL10R2 recruits cytoplasmic protein Jak1 followed by phosphorylation of tyrosine at position 705 in the STAT3 (705Y-STAT3) molecule. Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a homodimer, which is then translocated to the nucleus to facilitate transcriptional regulation of target genes." SIGNOR-249546 "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269029 DHX30 protein Q7L2E3 UNIPROT FASTKD2 protein Q9NYY8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25683715 f miannu "DHX30 siRNA treatment resulted in an increase of FASTKD2 levels, and FASTKD5 was increased in cells treated with siRNA for GRSF1." SIGNOR-261225 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3" SIGNOR-66778 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0005248 8758906 t irozzo "We demonstrated that Bcr-Abl co-immunoprecipitates with, and constitutively phosphorylates, the common βc,subunit of the interleukin 3 and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptors.We demonstrate that Bcr-Abl interacts with the common βc subunit of the IL-3 family of receptors and phosphorylates it on tyrosine." SIGNOR-255999 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22435554 t lperfetto "Tpl-2 is stoichiometrically complexed with the nf-kb inhibitory protein, nf-kb1 p105, and the ubiquitin-binding protein abin-2, both of which are required to maintain tpl-2 protein stability. Binding to p105 also prevents tpl-2 from phosphorylating mek" SIGNOR-216289 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser282 RNLVYDQsPNRTGGP 9606 BTO:0000007 16682949 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Su48 can associate with Nde1. Moreover, we found that Nde1 is subjected to phosphorylation in vivo. In particular, we identified six putative Cdc2 phosphorylation sites in Nde1 and found that alteration of these sites diminishes phosphorylation by Cdc2 in vitro and affects the stability of Su48-Nde1 interactions and the centrosomal localization of Nde1." SIGNOR-274083 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21423276 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-172926 MARS1 protein P56192 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270352 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr243 LDDSTGGtPLTPAAR 9606 BTO:0000007 16682949 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Su48 can associate with Nde1. Moreover, we found that Nde1 is subjected to phosphorylation in vivo. In particular, we identified six putative Cdc2 phosphorylation sites in Nde1 and found that alteration of these sites diminishes phosphorylation by Cdc2 in vitro and affects the stability of Su48-Nde1 interactions and the centrosomal localization of Nde1." SIGNOR-274084 C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT C3AR1 protein Q16581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 cleavage:Arg671;Arg748 QPAARRRrSVQLTEK;ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 8765043 t "complement C3a fragment: PRO_0000005910" lperfetto "A cDNA clone encoding the human C3a anaphylatoxin receptor (C3aR) was isolated from a pcDNAI/Amp expression library prepared from U-937 cells|The cDNA clone contained an insert of 4.3 kbp and was able to confer to transfected human HEK-293 cells the capacity to bind specifically iodinated human C3a." SIGNOR-263451 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser197 KEDRSASsGAEGDVS -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273972 DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT CDC45 protein O75419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 25258324 t done miannu "The DNA unwinding element (DUE)-binding protein (DUE-B) binds to replication origins coordinately with the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and the helicase activator Cdc45 in vivo, and loads Cdc45 onto chromatin in Xenopus egg extracts. In egg extracts alanine mutation of the DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites blocks Cdc45 loading and inhibits DNA replication. The effects of DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation reveal a novel S phase kinase regulatory mechanism for Cdc45 loading and MCM helicase activation." SIGNOR-273973 CDC45 protein O75419 UNIPROT MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19614620 t done miannu "The Cdc (cell division cycle) 45 protein has a central role in the regulation of the initiation and elongation stages of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA replication. Cdc45 interacts physically and functionally with the putative eukaryotic replicative DNA helicase, the MCM (mini-chromosome maintenance) complex, and forms a helicase active 'supercomplex', the CMG [Cdc45-MCM2-7-GINS (go-ichi-ni-san)] complex. These known protein-protein interactions, as well as unknown interactions and post-translational modifications, may be important for the regulation of Cdc45 and the initiation of DNA replication following DNA damage." SIGNOR-273974 MED6 protein O75586 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266677 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr187 ESSKERNtPRKEDRS -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273975 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT TKT protein P29401 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22789539 f miannu "We identified six genes involved in the PPP and NADPH production pathways as direct targets of Nrf2. To identify the target genes of NRF2 responsible for cell proliferation, we performed microarray analysis in A549 cells treated with NRF2 siRNA or control siRNA. We used three independent NRF2 siRNAs and selected genes whose expression levels were reduced to less than 66.7% of that of the control sample by all three siRNAs to minimize off-target effects (Table S1). In addition to the typical target genes of NRF2 encoding detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins (cytoprotective genes), genes whose products are involved in the PPP (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [PGD], transketolase [TKT], and transaldolase 1 [TALDO1]) and de novo nucleotide synthesis (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase [PPAT] and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 [MTHFD2]) were decreased by the NRF2 knockdown (Figure 1B). Genes encoding enzymes for NADPH synthesis (malic enzyme 1 [ME1] and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 [IDH1]) were also decreased (Figure 1B). We also confirmed the reduction of the enzyme proteins encoded by these genes in the NRF2-knockdown cells (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-267356 "carbamoyl phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58228 ChEBI N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:32814 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267422 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 PVDEDRLsPLVAADS 9606 22945643 t lperfetto "Cdk8 regulates e2f1 transcriptional activity through s375 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273138 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr501 QMDSGYNtQNCGSNI 9606 18378770 t gcesareni "Following cdk1-dependent recruitment, plk1 triggers hbora destruction by phosphorylating a recognition site for scf(beta-trcp)." SIGNOR-178154 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser204 SGAEGDVsSEREP -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273976 Diprenorphine chemical CHEBI:4650 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258662 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 16767162 t miannu "Tyr148 of beta-catenin is an shp2 target dephosphorylation site. Together, these results suggest that beta-catenin plays a suppressor role in cell transformation and that shp2, by dephosphorylating beta-catenin, promotes mitogenic, cell survival and transformation signals." SIGNOR-265824 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr558 LGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9534 BTO:0000298 9856983 t lperfetto "Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase), which is activated by the small GTPase Rho, phosphorylates moesin at Thr558 in vitro. Here, using a site- and phosphorylation state-specific antibody, we found that the expression of dominant active RhoA in COS7 cells induced moesin phosphorylation and the formation of microvilli-like structures at apical membranes where the Thr558-phosphorylated moesin accumulated, whereas the expression of dominant negative Rho-kinase inhibited both of these processes." SIGNOR-249014 CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr200 EHQVLMKtVCGTPGY 9606 15143065 t lperfetto "In response to an increase in intracellular Ca2+, CaMKIV binds Ca2+/CaM and becomes phosphorylated on T200 by CaMKK." SIGNOR-124732 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Parathyroid hormone (pth) binding to its receptor pth1r induces association of the pthpth1r complex with lrp6and phosphorylation of pppsp sites by protein kinase_ a, which in turn triggers wnt." SIGNOR-199533 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1035 IETDKEYyTVKDDRD 10090 11201744 t "CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling|these results show that CD45 dephosphorylates functionally important tyrosine residues. It should be noted that, as with our phosphatase assays in vitro, Tyr 1022 and Tyr 1023 of JAK1, Tyr 1007 and Tyr 1008 of JAK2, and Tyr 1054 and Tyr 1055 of Tyk2 are indeed hyperphosphorylated in cd45-deficient cells" SIGNOR-248356 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DOA protein P06340 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11823510 f "Class II transactivator is required for maximal expression of HLA-DOB in B cells|HLA-DO, encoded by the HLA-DOA and HLA-DOB genes, has been shown to function as a modulator of Ag presentation. DNA microarray comparisons between B cells wild-type and mutant for the master regulator of MHC class II transcription, class II transactivator (CIITA), identified HLA-DOA and HLA-DOB as being up-regulated by CIITA." SIGNOR-254005 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT VAV2 protein P52735 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr142 TENDDDVyRSLEELA 9606 12454019 t miannu "To understand the mechanism of egf-dependent vav2 activation, we examined first the egf-dependent phosphorylation sites on vav2 and the nature of interaction of vav2 with the activated egf receptor. Based on our in vitro and in vivo data all three tyrosine residues (142, 159, and 172) in the n-terminal domain of vav2 can be phosphorylated by the egf receptor." SIGNOR-95972 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT RAB8A protein P61006 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr72 AGQERFRtITTAYYR -1 32227113 t lperfetto "In a screen for Rab8A kinases we identify TAK1 and MST3 kinases that can efficiently phosphorylate the Switch II residue Threonine72 (Thr72) in a similar manner as LRRK2 in vitro. |Overall our data suggests that the phosphorylation of Rab8A at Ser111 may influence Switch II-binding by regulators, thus disrupting interactions with its cognate GEF and moderately impairs its interaction with GAPs.|The antagonistic interplay between Ser111 phosphorylation and Thr72 phosphorylation is genetically concordant with how respective mutations in PINK1 and LRRK2 cause Parkinson’s disease" SIGNOR-260267 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr228 GPSSSLNtPGSFRRG 9606 BTO:0000007 16682949 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Su48 can associate with Nde1. Moreover, we found that Nde1 is subjected to phosphorylation in vivo. In particular, we identified six putative Cdc2 phosphorylation sites in Nde1 and found that alteration of these sites diminishes phosphorylation by Cdc2 in vitro and affects the stability of Su48-Nde1 interactions and the centrosomal localization of Nde1." SIGNOR-274085 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS4 protein Q9HA82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser342 QMEKDIRsDVEESDS 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273981 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS4 protein Q9HA82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser350 DVEESDSsEEAAAAQ 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273982 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS4 protein Q9HA82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser347 IRSDVEEsDSSEEAA 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273983 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS4 protein Q9HA82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser349 SDVEESDsSEEAAAA 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273984 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PPP6R2 protein O75170 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser771 ESGPRCSsPVDTECS -1 29764989 t done miannu "We found that many interactions were abolished upon kinase inhibition; however, a subset was protected from phosphatase opposition or was unopposed, resulting in persistent interaction of the substrate with Plk1. This subset includes phosphoprotein phosphatase 6 (PP6), whose activity toward Aurora kinase A (Aurora A) was inhibited by Plk1. Our data suggest that this Plk1-PP6 interaction generates a feedback loop that coordinates and reinforces the activities of Plk1 and Aurora A during mitotic entry and is terminated by the degradation of Plk1 during mitotic exit." SIGNOR-273587 HDLBP protein Q00341 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000150 33941620 t miannu "We show that vigilin interacts with the DNA damage response (DDR) proteins RAD51 and BRCA1, and vigilin depletion impairs their recruitment to DSB sites." SIGNOR-266698 BRK1 protein Q8WUW1 UNIPROT "WAVE complex" complex SIGNOR-C271 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15070726 t lperfetto "Here we purify Wave-2 from HeLa cells. Five proteins, Sra, Nap, Wave-2, Abi, and Hspc, are copurified, indicating that they form a tight complex. " SIGNOR-261875 PTPN3 protein P26045 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr805 EDNDDDLyG 9606 BTO:0000007 10364224 t "Identification of VCP as a substrate of PTPH1in vivo.|The tyrosines (Tyr796 and Tyr805) at the C terminus of VCP have been reported to be the major sites of phosphorylation, with Tyr805 accounting for more than 90% of the tyrosine phosphorylation on the protein |The Y796F/Y805F VCP mutant was not associated with any of the PTPH1 constructs." SIGNOR-248461 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr263 SIRDRNGtHLDAGAL 21183680 t lperfetto "The ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) is a member of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) family of proteins and plays a critical role in proliferation, cell cycle, and cell transformation. Here, we report that RSK2 phosphorylates caspase-8, and Thr-263 was identified as a novel caspase-8 phosphorylation site. In addition, we showed that EGF induces caspase-8 ubiquitination and degradation through the proteasome pathway, and phosphorylation of Thr-263 is associated with caspase-8 stability." SIGNOR-272997 GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT ARHGEF11 protein O15085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11799111 t "This RGS-like (RGL) domain provides a structural motif by which heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits of the Galpha(12) family can bind and regulate the activity of RhoGEFs. Hence, these newly discovered RGL domain-containing RhoGEFs provide a direct link from Galpha(12) and Galpha(13) to Rho" SIGNOR-256516 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS5 protein Q8N5B7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser354 DDRSDVEsSSEEEDV 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273985 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS6 protein Q6ZMG9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser345 DDRSDIEsSSDEEDS 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273991 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS6 protein Q6ZMG9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 DRSDIESsSDEEDSE 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273992 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21460634 t gcesareni "Here we report that ulk1/2 in turn phosphorylates all three subunits of ampk and thereby negatively regulates its activity. Thus, we propose that ulk1 is not only involved in the induction of autophagy, but also in terminating signaling events that trigger autophagy. In our model, phosphorylation of ampk by ulk1 represents a negative feedback circuit." SIGNOR-173050 PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC -1 22306293 t "PKM2 activates transcription of MEK5 by phosphorylating stat3 at Y705. In vitro phosphorylation assays show that PKM2 is a protein kinase using PEP as a phosphate donor" SIGNOR-267716 TAF9 protein Q16594 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263920 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAB11FIP3 protein O75154 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser102 GPRGQLAsPDAPGPG 9606 BTO:0000567 22401586 t done miannu "FIP3 is phosphorylated on S102 in a cell cycle-dependent manner. We identify four sites of phosphorylation of FIP3 in vivo, S-102, S-280, S-347 and S-450 and identify S-102 as a target for Cdk1-cyclin B in vitro. Of these, we show that S-102 is phosphorylated in metaphase and is dephosphorylated as cells enter telophase." SIGNOR-273588 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 21799911 t "By RNAi screening, we identified the RNF146 RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling that operates with tankyrase to maintain low steady-state levels of Axin proteins." SIGNOR-259996 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85. it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner. lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k we show here, however, that in vivo there are marked quantitative differences in the ability of ki- and ha-ras to activate raf-1 and phosphoinositide 3 kinase. the mechanism of raf-1 activation is complex, but it is clear that one important role of ras is to recruit raf-1 to the plasma membrane where a series of events is initiated that ultimately leads to full raf-1 activation. These events include tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphorylation plus interactions with ras, phospholipids, 14-3-3 proteins and their associated proteins, and possibly dimerization." SIGNOR-175195 OPALIN protein Q96PE5 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates 18490449 f SimoneGraziosi "Opalin protein is a type 1 transmembrane sialylglycoprotein and an oligodendrocyte-specific component of myelin membranes." SIGNOR-269229 CERS2 protein Q96G23 UNIPROT ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26887952 t done miannu " Ceramides in mammals vary greatly in their acyl-chain composition: six different ceramide synthase isozymes (CERS1-6) that exhibit distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution account for this diversity. " SIGNOR-273994 CERS3 protein Q8IU89 UNIPROT ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26887952 t done miannu " Ceramides in mammals vary greatly in their acyl-chain composition: six different ceramide synthase isozymes (CERS1-6) that exhibit distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution account for this diversity. " SIGNOR-273995 CERS5 protein Q8N5B7 UNIPROT ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26887952 t done miannu " Ceramides in mammals vary greatly in their acyl-chain composition: six different ceramide synthase isozymes (CERS1-6) that exhibit distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution account for this diversity. " SIGNOR-273996 CERS6 protein Q6ZMG9 UNIPROT ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26887952 t done miannu " Ceramides in mammals vary greatly in their acyl-chain composition: six different ceramide synthase isozymes (CERS1-6) that exhibit distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution account for this diversity. " SIGNOR-273997 TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "g-TuRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C282 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 31862189 t lperfetto "Here, we present a cryo-EM reconstruction of the native human gamma-TuRC at 3.8A resolution, revealing an asymmetric, cone-shaped structure. Pseudo-atomic models indicate that GCP4, GCP5, and GCP6 form distinct Y-shaped assemblies that structurally mimic GCP2/GCP3 subcomplexes distal to the gamma-TuRC “seam.”" SIGNOR-262330 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DRB1 protein P01911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002417 10886240 f "These results indicate that impaired up-regulation of HLA-DR in response to IFN-gamma results from insufficient induction of CIITA, but not from the signal from IFN-gamma receptor to the nucleus. The abnormal regulation of HLA-DR expression caused by impaired induction of CIITA may affect CD4+ T cell development in thymoma." SIGNOR-253976 SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270705 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CACNB1 protein Q02641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser348 IVYIKITsPKVLQRL 9534 BTO:0000298 16406008 t miannu "Thus, Ser-447 on Ca(v)2.2 and Ser-161 and Ser-348 of Ca(v)beta1b appear to be both necessary and sufficient for ERK-dependent modulation of these channels. Together, our data strongly suggest that modulation of neuronal N-type VDCCs by ERK involves phosphorylation of Ca(v)2.2alpha1 and to a lesser extent possibly also Ca(v)beta subunits. On the basis of the evidence presented here, it is therefore suggested that ERK-dependent up-regulation of Cav2.2 channels is primarily mediated by phosphorylation of Ser-447 on the I–II loop of Cav2.2 and possibly also the two SP sites conserved on Cavβs." SIGNOR-262965 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser454 TGSTPPVsPTPSERS 9606 18694962 t "Translocation from Nuleus to Cytoplasm" gcesareni "Serum induces rhoa-dependent translocation of mkl1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and also causes a rapid increase in mkl1 phosphorylation. Serum-induced phosphorylation of the serum response factor coactivator mkl1 by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibits its nuclear localization." SIGNOR-179963 4-[2-[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]aniline chemical CHEBI:92250 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258852 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SMN1 protein Q16637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19103745 t lperfetto "PKA increases SMN complex formation and SMN stability.|As expected, SMN was phosphorylated by PKA (Fig. ​(Fig.6D).6D)." SIGNOR-253114 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT P300/PCAF complex SIGNOR-C7 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 17964260 t lperfetto "Akt1 and 2 promote the association of myod with p300 and pcaf acetyltransferases, via direct phosphorylation of p300." SIGNOR-217673 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1015 MMVKRRDyLDLAAST 9606 14981541 t llicata "Opn upregulation depended on the integrity of the ret/ptc kinase and tyrosines y1015 and y1062, two major ret/ptc autophosphorylation sites. ret signalling mainly depends on three key tyrosine residues: tyrosine 905, in the activation loop, whose phosphorylation stabilizes the active conformation of the catalytic domain , tyrosine 1015, a docking site for phospholipase citalic gamma and tyrosine 1062." SIGNOR-122915 LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22889411 t miannu "We used the Ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family of E3s, a group of PDZ domain-containing RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, to demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy. Many potential substrates of LNX E3s were identified. Eight of the nine selected candidates were ubiquitinated in vitro, and two novel endogenous substrates, PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR), were confirmed in vivo." SIGNOR-272898 "denileukin diftitox" smallmolecule SID:125240988 ChEBI IL2RA protein P01589 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15757436 t miannu "Denileukin diftitox (DAB389IL-2; Ontak) is a novel recombinant fusion protein approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It consists of fragments of diphtheria toxin linked to human interleukin-2 and works by targeting the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expressed on malignant cells. " SIGNOR-259392 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0000007 14551213 t lperfetto "The hematopoietic-specific Galpha16 protein has recently been shown to mediate receptor-induced activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In the present study, we have delineated the mechanism by which Galpha16 stimulates STAT3 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. A constitutively active Galpha16 mutant, Galpha16QL, stimulated STAT3-dependent luciferase activity as well as the phosphorylation of STAT3 at both Tyr705 and Ser727. Galpha16QL-induced STAT3 activation was enhanced by overexpression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)," SIGNOR-249450 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr39 PVETIETtVVGEEEE 9606 23226345 t lperfetto "More recently, we identified and mapped multiple phosphorylation sites in yy1, including, threonine 39, serine 118, serine 247, threonine 348 and threonine 378. The first kinase proven to phosphorylate yy1 in vivo was plk1, which phosphorylates threonine 39 during g2/m stage of the cell cycle [25]. Ck2_ is another kinase identified as constitutively phosphorylating yy1 at serine 118. This modification protects yy1 cleavage by caspase 7 during apoptosis" SIGNOR-200087 TBC1D4 protein O60343 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12637568 f gcesareni "These findings strongly indicate that insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of as160 is required for glut4 translocation and that this phosphorylation signals translocation through inactivation of the rab gap function." SIGNOR-99303 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11237216 t lperfetto "Although the three ppar subtypes are closely related and bind to similar dna response elements as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor rxr, each subserves a distinct physiology" SIGNOR-105442 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Tau pseudophosphorylation at specific sites such as s262, s293, s324 and s356 was reported to induce tau conformational change and attenuate tau binding to microtubules (fischer et al., 2009). Then, newly soluble tau proteins are targeted by post-translational modifications that directly or indirectly alter tau conformation, promoting tau dimerization in an anti-parallel manner. Stable tau dimers form tau oligomers, which continue in the aggregation process" SIGNOR-171026 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 25056917 t "P38α promotes multi‐site GATA‐2 phosphorylation, increasing its localization in nuclear foci enriched in an active form of RNA polymerase II and its capacity to regulate endogenous target genes." SIGNOR-259946 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr89 AAPEEAEtLAETEPE 9606 BTO:0001130 16581776 t llicata "In vitro kinase assays followed by mass spectrometric analyses demonstrated that ck2 phosphorylated recombinant nkx3.1 on thr89 and thr93. We have also determined that nkx3.1 is degraded primarily through a proteasomal pathway, suggesting that phosphorylation by ck2 protects nkx3.1 from degradation." SIGNOR-145501 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr191 QKQEKPRtPMPSSVE 9606 BTO:0000007 16682949 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Su48 can associate with Nde1. Moreover, we found that Nde1 is subjected to phosphorylation in vivo. In particular, we identified six putative Cdc2 phosphorylation sites in Nde1 and found that alteration of these sites diminishes phosphorylation by Cdc2 in vitro and affects the stability of Su48-Nde1 interactions and the centrosomal localization of Nde1." SIGNOR-274087 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FCRL3 protein Q96P31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr692 HEELTVLySELKKTH -1 12051764 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of SPAP2a by c-Src and in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated SPAP2 is specifically associated with SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that tyrosyl residues 650 and 662 embedded in the ITIMs are responsible for the binding of Syk and Zap70 while tyrosyl residues 692 and 722 embedded in the ITIMs are involved in interactions with SHP-1 and SHP-2." SIGNOR-274007 RPL23A protein P62750 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262476 ARHGEF7 protein Q14155 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17562871 f gcesareni "We propose that the association of plcgamma1 with complexes containing git1 and beta-pix is essential for its role in integrin-mediated cell spreading and motility. As a component of this complex, plcgamma1 is also involved in the activation of cdc42 and rac1." SIGNOR-155744 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271073 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser518 GEDPYAGsTDENTDS 9606 BTO:0000567 15367657 t llicata "XRCC1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by CK2, and CK2 phosphorylation of XRCC1 on S518, T519, and T523 largely determines aprataxin binding to XRCC1 though its FHA domain | In addition, we present data to show that the acute loss of aprataxin by small interfering RNA (siRNA) renders HeLa cells sensitive to MMS through a mechanism that destabilizes XRCC1." SIGNOR-251050 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FCRL3 protein Q96P31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr650 PMELEPMySNVNPGD -1 12051764 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of SPAP2a by c-Src and in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated SPAP2 is specifically associated with SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that tyrosyl residues 650 and 662 embedded in the ITIMs are responsible for the binding of Syk and Zap70 while tyrosyl residues 692 and 722 embedded in the ITIMs are involved in interactions with SHP-1 and SHP-2." SIGNOR-274008 CSF3 protein P09919 UNIPROT CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10572088 t gcesareni "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) is an important hematopoietic cytokine that exerts its effects by interaction with the gm-csf receptor (gmr) on the surface of responsive cells. The gm-csf receptor consists of two subunits: gmralpha, which binds gm-csf with low affinity, and gmrbeta, which lacks intrinsic ligand-binding capability but complexes with gmralpha to form a high-affinity receptor (gmralpha/beta)." SIGNOR-72511 FCRL3 protein Q96P31 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12051764 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of SPAP2a by c-Src and in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated SPAP2 is specifically associated with SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that tyrosyl residues 650 and 662 embedded in the ITIMs are responsible for the binding of Syk and Zap70 while tyrosyl residues 692 and 722 embedded in the ITIMs are involved in interactions with SHP-1 and SHP-2." SIGNOR-274012 FCRL3 protein Q96P31 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12051764 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of SPAP2a by c-Src and in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated SPAP2 is specifically associated with SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that tyrosyl residues 650 and 662 embedded in the ITIMs are responsible for the binding of Syk and Zap70 while tyrosyl residues 692 and 722 embedded in the ITIMs are involved in interactions with SHP-1 and SHP-2." SIGNOR-274014 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser466 DEDDGEFsDDSGADQ 9606 BTO:0000007 11500362 t llicata "The fifth site, which lies outside the catalytic domain of eIF2Bepsilon, can be phosphorylated by casein kinase 1. All five sites are phosphorylated in the eIF2B complex in vivo. | A phosphopeptide corresponding to this region was identified in Asp‐N digests of eIF2Bϵ phosphorylated in vitro by CK1, suggesting that Ser461 or Ser464 may be phosphorylated by this kinase in vivo." SIGNOR-250787 XRCC3 protein O43542 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 23438602 t miannu "XRCC3 activation is essential for the recruitment of RAD51 to the sites of DNA lesions. It is likely that BRCA2 may directly participate in RAD51 recruitment and XRCC3 may stabilize the RAD51 filament which is in part mediated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-262667 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT USP16 protein Q9Y5T5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser486 SEYEAEMsLQGEVNI -1 26323689 t done miannu "Plk1 phosphorylates and activates Usp16. In vitro phosphorylation of Usp16 with single (S330A, S386A, or S486A) or collective 3A (S330A/S386A/S486A) mutation showed that Plk1 phosphorylated Usp16 at all three sites (Fig. S2 D)." SIGNOR-274017 AHCYL2 protein Q96HN2 UNIPROT PAPOLB protein Q9NRJ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19224921 t lperfetto "Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation|In addition to CPSF, IRBIT interacted in vitro with poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is the enzyme recruited by CPSF to elongate the poly(A) tail, and inhibited PAP activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268332 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT EDVP complex SIGNOR-C530 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19287380 t miannu "DYRK2 functions as an adaptor in the EDVP E3 ligase complex. These experiments suggest that DYRK2 functions as a molecular assembler required for the specific recruitment of EDD to DDB1-VPRBP, thus forming a novel EDVP E3 ligase complex." SIGNOR-271792 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 14625384 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-265346 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser676 LSPIIEDsREATHSS 9606 17785528 t lperfetto "We identify s676 as a plk1-specific phosphorylation site on bubr1. These findings describe the first in vivo verified phosphorylation site for human bubr1, identify plk1 as the kinase responsible for causing the characteristic mitotic bubr1 upshift, and attribute a kt-specific function to the hyperphosphorylated form of bubr1 in the stabilization of kt-mt interactions." SIGNOR-157646 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 VSHWQQQsYLDSGIH 9606 BTO:0000007 12432063 t llicata "We show that CKII phosphorylates the N-terminal region of beta-catenin and we identified Ser29, Thr102, and Thr112 as substrates for the enzyme. We provide evidence that CKII regulates the cytoplasmic stability of beta-catenin and acts synergistically with GSK-3beta in the multi-protein complex that controls the degradation of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-250846 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 LVQGISFsQPTCPDH 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Atr (predominantly) or atm (to a lesser extent) phosphorylates chk1 at ser317/345, directly leading to activation." SIGNOR-163110 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr178 NHNHRIRtNPAIVKT 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17609368 t lperfetto "Ampk phosphorylates pgc-1alpha directly both in vitro and in cells. These direct phosphorylations of the pgc-1alpha protein at threonine-177 and serine-538." SIGNOR-216651 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr276 FCKVYTItPLLSDNR 10090 BTO:0002572 26324936 t done miannu "ERK1/2-dependent βarr2 phosphorylation on S14 and T276 induces CXCR4 intracellular sequestration." SIGNOR-274019 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11101851 t gcesareni "Maml1 binds to the ankyrin repeat domain of all four mammalian notch receptors, forms a dna-binding complex with icn and rbp-jkappa, and amplifies notch-induced transcription of hes1." SIGNOR-84838 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT XRCC6 protein P12956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser27 QEENLEAsGDYKYSG 9606 BTO:0001546 26337656 t done miannu "Ku70 phosphorylation occurs within minutes of genotoxic stress and involves DNA-PKcs and/or ATM kinase activities.By using specific vectors enabling the simultaneous shRNA-mediated inhibition of endogenous Ku70 and the expression of exogenous Ku70 resistant to shRNA (i.e. S27-S33-Ku70 and A27-A33-Ku70 expressing cells), we showed that phospho-Ku70 contributes to faster but error-prone DNA repair resulting in higher levels of chromosomal breaks." SIGNOR-274020 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser378 SKKGQSTsRHKKLMF 9606 10710310 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-75641 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263792 ASTN1 protein O14525 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 28506896 f miannu "The role of astrotactin and Brinp proteins has been partially characterized, with ASTN1 and ASTN2 demonstrated to facilitate glial-guided neuronal migration during brain development" SIGNOR-269815 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr500 TSLGSQSyEDMRGIL 10090 BTO:0000776 10933394 t lperfetto "Experiments with purified proteins demonstrated that CD19-Y513 was Lyn's initial phosphorylation and binding site. This led to processive phosphorylation of CD19-Y482, which recruited a second Lyn molecule, allowing for transphosphorylation and amplification of Lyn activation|Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 following BCR and/or CD19 ligation provides Src homology 2 (SH2) recognition motifs that recruit regulatory molecules to the cell surface. CD19 dually phosphorylated at CD19€“Y482 and CD19€“Y513 binds the tandem SH2 domains of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) p85 subuni" SIGNOR-249376 VARLITINIB chemical CID:42642648 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189903 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 10656682 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-74823 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser282 QLADLYKsFIKDYPV 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274029 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser115 ANAILGVsLAVCKAG 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274030 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser88 LVMNMLKsSFATCVL 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274031 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser124 NIVHGSGsQLFDHVA 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274034 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28559284 t lperfetto "Our experiments collectively suggest that UBE3A stimulates Wnt pathway activation by interacting with, ubiquitinating, and reducing the levels of multiple (PSMB1, PSMC2, PSMD2, and PSMD7) proteasome subunits." SIGNOR-265133 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 9535909 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "These studies confirm that connexin-43 is a MAP kinase substrate in vivo and that phosphorylation on Ser255, Ser279, and/or Ser282 initiates the down-regulation of gap junctional communication. Studies with connexin-43 mutants suggest that MAP kinase phosphorylation at one or more of the tandem Ser279/Ser282 sites is sufficient to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication." SIGNOR-270025 MCU_MICU1_variant complex SIGNOR-C500 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270868 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17312387 f "In contrast, BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others. In conclusion, BTF3 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it acts as a transcriptional regulator rather than a direct modulator of apoptosis." SIGNOR-253950 DPP3 protein Q9NY33 UNIPROT Angiotensin-2 protein P01019-PRO_0000032458 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage -1 34770898 t miannu "Human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (hDPP III) is capable of specifically cleaving dipeptides from the N-terminal of small peptides with biological activity such as angiotensin II (Ang II, DRVYIHPF), and participates in blood pressure regulation, pain modulation, and the development of cancers in human biological activities. The binding of Ang II to hDPP III may lead to changes in the shape and size of subsite S1, an important catalytic site, so as to promote the decomposition of the substrate." SIGNOR-268463 Bombesin smallmolecule CHEBI:80229 ChEBI GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257509 CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 7880537 t lperfetto "Cdc25 dephosphorylates cdc2/cdk1 within the activation loop of the kinase domain to achieve full activity of the cyclin-cdk complex" SIGNOR-217511 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Ala369 DYAPVIPaNMDKKYR -1 9242537 t lperfetto "Human neutrophil elastase activates human factor V but inactivates thrombin-activated human factor V|NH2-terminal sequence analysis of F.Va treated with HNE indicated cleavage at Ala341, Ile508, and Thr1767 under conditions, which the cofactor became inactivated, as measured by prothrombinase activity." SIGNOR-263635 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser22 FGGPGTAsRPSSSRS -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248878 MPO-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C474 SIGNOR thiocyanate smallmolecule CHEBI:18022 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by expression" oxidation 9606 BTO:0000133 9922160 t lperfetto "Myeloperoxidase plays a fundamental role in oxidant production by neutrophils. The enzyme uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), iodide (I-), and the pseudohalide thiocyanate (SCN-) to their respective hypohalous acids.| Our results show that thiocyanate is an important substrate of myeloperoxidase in most environments and that hypothiocyanate is likely to contribute to leukocyte antimicrobial activity." SIGNOR-270591 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR DTX3 protein Q8N9I9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271107 TSHB protein P01222 UNIPROT TSHR protein P16473 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12045258 t gcesareni "Two novel human glycoprotein hormonelike genes, alpha2 (a2) and beta5 (b5), recently have been identified. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, the two subunits were found as potential heterodimerization partners." SIGNOR-88653 "vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:28384 ChEBI "Reduced Vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:8784 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "This series of oxidation-reduction reactions begins with conversion of vitamin K from a stable oxidized form (quinone form) to a hydroquinone form by vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR)" SIGNOR-265915 IL17RA protein Q96F46 UNIPROT "IL17R complex" complex SIGNOR-C260 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001946 32024054 t lperfetto "Importantly, IL-17 was involved in increased collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts in response to HG, with both subunits of the IL-17RA and IL-17RC heterodimer complex being important to mediating this response." SIGNOR-261335 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SLC4A1 protein P02730 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr8 MEELQDDyEDMMEEN -1 10942405 t "The primary phosphorylation of band 3 catalyzed by p72syk generates the SH2 binding motifs that are a prerequisite for the following recruitment of Lyn. p72syk as the most likely candidate to perform this task and indicates Y8 and Y21. Syk and Lyn phosphorylate band 3 at both cytosolic and membrane domains, Y-phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is likely involved in the regulation of several erythrocyte functions (ie, glycolysis, cell shape, cytoskeleton" SIGNOR-251413 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SLC5A8 protein Q8N695 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20082847 t "Luciferase reporter assays of deletion mutants of SLC5A8 promoter demonstrated that a 295-bp region is essential for the basal promoter activity of the SLC5A8 gene. Further analysis indicated that the CCAAT boxes and GC boxes were involved in positive regulation of SLC5A8 promoter. Overexpression of two transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) and specific transcription factor 1 (Sp1), upregulated the activities of the human SLC5A8 promoter and protein expression, suggesting that both C/EBPbeta and Sp1 transcription factors might have functions in SLC5A8 transcription." SIGNOR-254059 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser696 EKNYALPsPATTEGG 9606 20169205 t llicata "Cdc2 is the raptor ser696, thr706 kinase" SIGNOR-163849 PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20133715 f miannu "The type I lissencephaly gene product LIS1, a key regulator of cytoplasmic dynein, is critical for cell proliferation, survival, and neuronal migration." SIGNOR-252169 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10698680 f acerquone "Pkb is activated through recruitment to cellular membranes by pi3k lipid products and phosphorylation by 3h-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (pdk1)" SIGNOR-252633 ARVCF protein O00192 UNIPROT CDH3 protein P22223 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252127 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0004249 23125836 f miannu "PKA is activated by Group I mGluRs in ACC neurons. The cAMP signaling pathway contributes to the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex" SIGNOR-264961 cortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:17650 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258707 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR AQP4 protein P55087 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626543 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265443 Phenelzine chemical CHEBI:8060 ChEBI SLC6A3 protein Q01959 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "At the human dopamine transporter, sertraline and nomifensine were the most potent with KD's of 25±2 and 56±3, respectively. Except for these two compounds, most antidepressants were not potent at the human dopamine transporter." SIGNOR-258745 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000356;BTO:0001033 11244506 f "The BRCA1 gene was previously found to inhibit the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor [ER-alpha] in human breast and prostate cancer cell lines." SIGNOR-253974 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr74 ARTSPLQtPAAPGAA 9606 BTO:0000567 10669763 t lperfetto "The results of this study reveal the following novel findings: destruction of the three putative MAP kinase sites at positions 56, 74, and 87 results in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the protein. Progressive inactivation of these MAP kinase sites revealed that Bcl-2 stability is mainly regulated by phosphorylation at Thr74 and Ser87, with Ser87 phosphorylation playing a predominant role. TNF-α or the MAP kinase-specific inhibitor PD98059 diminishes Ser87 phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in vivo, while activated ERK2 induces phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-244494 amisulpride chemical CHEBI:64045 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258365 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260088 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 17681149 f lperfetto "Transcriptional repression of inflammatory response genes occurs by negative interference of PPARg with the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and activating protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathways" SIGNOR-249556 ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT MYOD/E12E47 complex SIGNOR-C127 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241149 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TOB2 protein Q14106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser254 PAPQSQLsPNAKEFV -1 32404348 t done miannu "Taken together, these observations strongly support the notion that several different CDK-cyclin complexes are involved in the phosphorylation of Tob2 at S254.A more detailed regulatory context of Tob2 phosphorylation at S254 is provided by our findings from mass-spec and in vitro kinase analyses that suggest connections to PP2B and PP2C phosphatases and CDK-cyclin complexes, particularly CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 (Table 1; Supplemental Table S2).One possibility is that the phosphorylation of S254 helps stabilize the interaction of Tob2 with the Ccr4–Not complex, which could contribute to Tob2's ability to recruit the entire Ccr4–Not complex and thus further enhances deadenylation." SIGNOR-273591 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "PAR2 expression is up-regulated following PAR2 activation. This is logical for PAR2, as endogenous activators for the receptor are serine proteases, which irreversibly activate PAR2 through N-terminal cleavage." SIGNOR-254840 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr278 LARRRKAtQVGEKTP 9606 SIGNOR-C15 17082196 t lperfetto "Pharmacological ampk inhibitors and activators and ampk mutants revealed that the kinase specifically targets residue thr-278 but not ser-157 or ser-239. Quantitative fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and serum response factor transcriptional reporter assays, which quantify the cellular f-/g-actin equilibrium, indicated that ampk-mediated vasp phosphorylation impaired actin stress fiber formation and altered cell morphology." SIGNOR-150462 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR DBP protein Q10586 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000759 30100984 t miannu "The albumin D-box binding protein (DBP) is a member of the PAR bZip (proline and acidic amino acid-rich basic leucine zipper) transcription factor family and functions as important regulator of circadian core and output gene expression. Gene expression of DBP itself is under the control of E-box-dependent binding by the Bmal1-Clock heterodimer and CRE-dependent binding by the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB)." SIGNOR-268029 NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20940030 f gcesareni "Numb interacts with mdm2, and inhibits its ubiquitin-ligase function on tp53 (which in itself is inhibitory for tp53), thus numb activates (b) tp53." SIGNOR-168457 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR DTX2 protein Q86UW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271062 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser392 VSGASPEsISSLLSE -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262909 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser978 KRPSSVKsLRSERLI -1 15081397 t lperfetto "PKCzeta phosphorylates KIBRA at serine 975 and 978" SIGNOR-249263 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser282 QLADLYKsFIKDYPV 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274037 PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C133 SIGNOR PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 21075311 t gcesareni "Here, we show that PPP2R2B, encoding the B55² regulatory subunit of the PP2A complex, is epigenetically inactivated by DNA hypermethylation in colorectal cancer. B55²-associated PP2A interacts with PDK1 and modulates its activity toward Myc phosphorylation." SIGNOR-243515 DLG3 protein Q92796 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C504 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270885 GDP smallmolecule CHEBI:17552 ChEBI GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 17095603 t gcesareni "Galfa subunits cycle between inactive (gdp-bound) and active (gtp-bound) states, and the lifetime of the active state is limited by gtp hydrolysis." SIGNOR-150549 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 15109499 f miannu "The activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreases, leading to activation of Foxo transcription factors and atrogin-1 induction. IGF-1 treatment or AKT overexpression inhibits Foxo and atrogin-1 expression." SIGNOR-252069 ARID1B protein Q8NFD5 UNIPROT "Histone H2B" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF68 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 20086098 t miannu "The immunopurified BAF250b E3 ubiquitin ligase was found to target histone H2B at lysine 120 for monoubiquitination in vitro. " SIGNOR-271442 CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp329 EMEEDSYdSFGEPSY -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261751 PPP2R5B protein Q15173 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser150 FRGDRCRsLTGKPKL 9606 BTO:0000130 15569672 t gcesareni "Dephosphorylation of caspase-3 at ser150 site by pp2a increased caspase-3 activity,which was essential to trigger apoptosis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-131435 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1110 GSVQNPVyHNQPLNP 9606 10653583 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "After binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF), the EGF receptor (EGFR) becomes autophosphorylated via tyrosine." SIGNOR-236483 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr579 GDGIHDDtAGGEEGE 9606 9153193 t llicata "Casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of the C terminus of Sp1 decreases its DNA binding activity. | Mutation of a consensus CKII site at amino acid 579, within the second zinc finger, eliminates phosphorylation of this site and the CKII-mediated inhibition of Sp1 binding." SIGNOR-250954 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser88 LVMNMLKsSFATCVL 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274039 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 HLYGIAGsTNVTGDQ 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274040 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT DDAH2 protein O95865 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr203 VRAMAVLtDHPYASL 33850055 t lperfetto "TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a kinase downstream of MAVS, inhibited DDAH2 by phosphorylating DDAH2 at multiple sites. |The T203D, T211D, S245D, and S253D mutations significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of DDAH2 on RLR signaling, suggesting that phosphorylation of these residues was critical for DDAH2 to inhibit activation o" SIGNOR-275645 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser306 VSQEVTRsLKDFSSS -1 12519779 t lperfetto "Munc18a is essential for neurotransmitter release by exocytosis and can be phosphorylated by PKC in vitro on Ser-306 and Ser-313. We demonstrate that it is phosphorylated on Ser-313 in response to phorbol ester treatment in adrenal chromaffin cells. Mutation of both phosphorylation sites to glutamate reduces its affinity for syntaxin and so acts as a phosphomimetic mutation." SIGNOR-249182 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr104 GVITTTPtPPGQYFY 10090 9889198 t miannu "JunB-control of IL-4 expression is mediated by the phosphorylation of JunB at Thr102 and -104 by JNK MAP kinase. The synergy between c-Maf and JunB can be attributed to cooperative DNA binding, which is facilitated by JunB phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250121 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT GIT2 protein Q14161 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr286 EELAMDVyDEVDRRE 9606 16317044 t fspada "Conversely, a gfp-pkl phosphorylation mutant, y286/392/592f (gfp-pkl triple yf) (brown et al., 2005), was not phosphorylated during adhesion and the addition of ptp-pest had no effect, suggesting one or more of these tyrosine residues are dephosphorylated by ptppest. Taken together, these data strongly suggest pkl as a direct substrate for ptp-pest." SIGNOR-142711 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser65 DYNIQKEsTLHLVLR 24784582 t "Here we report that ubiquitin is the genuine substrate of PINK1. PINK1 phosphorylated ubiquitin at Ser 65 both in vitro and in cells, and a Ser 65 phosphopeptide derived from endogenous ubiquitin was only detected in cells in the presence of PINK1 and following a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential." SIGNOR-270341 IGFBP5 protein P24593 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000165 18762576 f "These findings suggest that IGFBP-5 promotes muscle cell differentiation by binding to and switching on the IGF-II auto-regulation loop." SIGNOR-255940 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22083140 t lperfetto "The role of apc is less clear, but it clearly binds to both b-catenin and axin, and could shuttle b-catenin from the plasma membrane and nucleus to the cytoplasmic axin complex." SIGNOR-227881 DCAF7 protein P61962 UNIPROT DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 14593110 t Giorgia "Two isoforms of DYRK, DYRK1A and DYRK1B, co-immunoprecipitate with HAN11 when coexpressed in COS cells indicating that the proteins interact in mammalian cells. HAN11 might target DYRKs to cytosolic locations for regulation of specific cellular functions." SIGNOR-260630 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser364 TRLGVEPsDDDCVSV 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274041 MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004953 32685004 t miannu "Nuclear MYH9 bound to the CTNNB1 promoter through its DNA-binding domain, and interacted with myosin light chain 9, β-actin and RNA polymerase II to promote CTNNB1 transcription, which conferred resistance to anoikis in GC cells in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-269284 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21695114 t gcesareni "We find that two molecules interact with mammalian smo in an activation-dependent manner: g protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (grk2) leads to phosphorylation of smo, and beta-arrestin 2 fused to green fluorescent protein interacts with smo. Ck1a, grk2, and another still-unidentified protein kinase phosphorylate the c-tail of mammalian smo in the presence of hh proteins" SIGNOR-174539 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser12 LASDFAFsPPPGGGG -1 31306665 t lperfetto "Recently, Liu et al. [3] identified CyclinE/CDK2 to be the kinase phosphorylating OCT4 on serine 12 (S12), serine 355 (S355) and threonine 322 (T322) by elegantly combining genetics and biochemistry. Knockout of all five G1 cyclins (D1, D2, D3, E1 and E2) in mESCs (coined Q-KO cells) and consequent inactivation of CDK2/4/ 6 leads to perturbation of the pluripotent state and to the adaption of the trophectoderm cell fate. This was attributed to reduced phosphorylation of OCT4 (as well as SOX2 and NANOG) leading to an increase of protein turnover [3]." SIGNOR-264438 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT Erythrocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH104 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004911 29713515 f "The truncated form TAL1-s is required for erythroid progenitors differentiation, while the full-length protein TAL1-l is required for megakaryocytic differentiation of progenitor cells." SIGNOR-259970 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser124 NIVHGSGsQLFDHVA 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274042 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser74 EATWESVsMMLQLGG 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274043 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser762 YEIDLDTsDHAHLEH 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274044 SMC1A protein Q14683 UNIPROT "RAD21L Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C355 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000534 21242291 t miannu "RAD21L associates with SMC3, STAG3, and either SMC1α or SMC1β. Our results suggest that cohesin complexes containing RAD21L may be involved in synapsis initiation and crossover recombination between homologous chromosomes. In mice, RAD21L is expressed exclusively in early meiosis: it apparently replaces RAD21 in premeiotic S phase, becomes detectable on the axial elements in leptotene, and stays on the axial/lateral elements until mid pachytene. RAD21L then disappears, and is replaced with RAD21." SIGNOR-264538 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HLTF protein Q14527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271131 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 9606 24173284 t lperfetto "The N-terminus of E2F1 can interact directly with a region towards the C-terminus of p53, resulting in increased nuclear retention of p53 and p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. This is inhibited by competition between p53 and cyclin A at the binding site within E2F19,10. The interaction between p53 and E2F1 is enhanced by phosphorylation of p53 on Ser315, a residue within the E2F1 binding region that is phosphorylated by cell cycle kinases such as cdk1, cdk2, cdk9 and Aurora kinase A" SIGNOR-120836 ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16297876 f irozzo "We demonstrated that both Elk-1 and MZF-1 were highly expressed in human poor differentiated HCC cells and involved in the up-regulation of PKCa, which was essential for cell migration and invasion. Over-expression assay confirmed that the PKCa expression may be modulated by these two factors at the transcriptional level." SIGNOR-256282 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HACE1 protein Q8IYU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271304 NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24379783 t lperfetto "Nitric oxide (NO) is a major mediator of endothelial function and is synthesized in endothelial cells by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)." SIGNOR-251629 CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 12082095 t lperfetto "We found that AR was phosphorylated at Ser-308 by cyclin D3/CDK11p58 in vitro and in vivo, leading to the repressed activity of AR transcriptional activation unit 1 (TAU1)." SIGNOR-273120 HOXD3 protein P31249 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002828 14610084 t Luana "The homeobox transcription factor Hox D3 promotes integrin alpha5beta1 expression and function during angiogenesis." SIGNOR-261650 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "L-asparagine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58048 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-268069 AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18172616 f miannu "Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1 is a critical enzyme responsible for detoxification and metabolism of endogenous and exogenous lipophilic compounds, such as potentially neurotoxic bilirubin and the anticancer drug irinotecan SN-38, via conjugation with glucuronic acid. A 290-bp distal enhancer module, phenobarbital-responsive enhancer module of UGT1A1 (gtPBREM), fully accounts for constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)-, pregnane X receptor (PXR)-, glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activation of the UGT1A1 gene." SIGNOR-253734 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr242 FFQQQMIyDSPPSRA 9606 19881549 t lperfetto "Using both mutagenesis and mass spectrometry approaches, y242, y259, y317, y373 and y627 of gab1 were identified to be phosphorylated by c-src a gab1 mutant with substitutions of the src phosphorylation sites failed to promote hgf-induced dna synthesis" SIGNOR-236314 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CYTH1 protein Q15438 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr395 RKKKVSStKRH 9606 BTO:0001948 11438522 t lperfetto "We show here that a serine/threonine motif within the short polybasic stretch of cytohesin-1 is phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C delta in vitro. Furthermore, the respective residues are also found to be phosphorylated after phorbol ester stimulation in vivo. Biochemical and functional analyses show that phosphorylated cytohesin-1 is able to tightly associate with the actin cytoskeleton, and we further demonstrate that phosphorylation of the protein is required for maximal leukocyte function antigen-1-mediated adhesion of Jurkat cells to intercellular adhesion molecule 1. " SIGNOR-249099 "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263779 GSK1016790A chemical CID:23630211 PUBCHEM TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 23021218 t lperfetto "We next examined whether chemical activation of TRPV4 would have the opposite impact on these pathways. When added to 3T3-F442A adipocytes, the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A repressed the expression of mRNAs encoding Pgc1a, Ucp1, and Cox8b in a TRPV4-dependent manner (Fig- ure 2I). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that TRPV4 functions as a negative regulator of PGC1a and oxidative metabolism in white adipocytes." SIGNOR-253094 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser159 KKKKKRFsFKKSFKL 9606 16116087 t llicata "The present experiments demonstrate that ptn stimulates phosphorylation of serines 713 and 726 in the marcks domain of _-adducin (and serine 724 in _-adducin) and serines 152 and 156 in the marcks protein itself through the activation of either pkc _ or _ and perhaps other pkc(s) isoforms." SIGNOR-139906 ZFPM1 protein Q8IX07 UNIPROT Erythrocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH104 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 22068055 f "We here use conditional removal of the GATA-1 and FOG-1 transcription factors to identify FOG-1 as required for the formation of all committed Mk- and E-lineage progenitors, whereas GATA-1 was observed to be specifically required for E-lineage commitment." SIGNOR-259964 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser278 PISSPTFsPIEFQIG 9606 23442801 t lperfetto "It suggests that gsk3_ activity is required for hbora-mediated mitotic entry through ser274 and ser278 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-201519 bromocriptine chemical CHEBI:3181 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258722 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser626 SLECDMEsIIRSELM -1 17711846 t done miannu "Here, we find that AMPK directly regulates mammalian FOXO3, a member of the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors known to promote resistance to oxidative stress, tumor suppression, and longevity. We show that AMPK phosphorylates human FOXO3 at six previously unidentified regulatory sites.Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activation of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization.Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylates at least six residues of FOXO3 in vitro (Thr179, Ser399, Ser413, Ser555, Ser588, and Ser626)." SIGNOR-274097 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 BTO:0000567 9687510 t lperfetto "Msk1 is localized in the nucleus of unstimulated or stimulated cells, and phosphorylates creb at ser133_ .MSK1 Is activated in vitro by mapk2/erk2 or sapk2/p38. Endogenous msk1 is activated in 293 cells by either growth factor/phorbol ester stimulation, or by exposure to uv radiation, and oxidative and chemical stres msk was the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of the transcription factor creb in response to tcr stimulation. Pka, ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase iv (camkiv), msk, p70s6k and rsk phosphorylate creb." SIGNOR-59458 SERPINC1 protein P01008 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 31030036 t lperfetto "Antithrombin (AT), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily, is a major circulating inhibitor of blood coagulation proteases such as factor (F) IIa (known as thrombin), FXa and, to a lesser extent, FIXa, FXIa and FXIIa. SERPINC1, which encodes AT in humans, is located on chromosome 1q25.1" SIGNOR-264138 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser120 GRNIIHGsDSVESAE 9606 SIGNOR-C17 18234856 t gcesareni "Application of this approach to the discovery of cdk1-cyclin b substrates yielded identification of >70 substrates and phosphorylation sites. Many of these sites are known to be phosphorylated in vivo, but most of the proteins have not been characterized as cdk1-cyclin b substrates." SIGNOR-160493 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270698 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253163 GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16537363 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-145119 "pemetrexed disodium" chemical CHEBI:63722 ChEBI ATIC protein P31939 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 14596699 t miannu "Thymidylate synthase, the primary target of pemetrexed,9 is a fo-late-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of deoxyuri-dine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate. Inhibi-tion of TS results in decreased levels of thymidine, which is necessary for DNA synthesis. In addition to TS, pemetrexed inhibits DHFR, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (AICARFT), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT)." SIGNOR-259292 "perfluorooctanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:35549 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268762 NPFFR2 protein Q9Y5X5 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256852 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12493739 f miannu "The C/EBP5 motif, which is located between the TATA-box and the translation start point, is essential for the C/EBP-mediated constitutive and most of the cAMP-stimulated expression as its mutation nearly abolished IL-10 promoter activity. Our results suggest a dominant role of C/EBP transcription factors relative to CREB/ATF in tissue-specific and differentiation-dependent IL-10 transcription" SIGNOR-254523 POLR2F protein P61218 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266148 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000759 2158622 t miannu "We determined the affinity for T3 and analog binding characteristics of the translational products of c-erbA a- and /3-probes together with hepatic nuclear extracts." SIGNOR-258384 GAR1 protein Q9NY12 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 18680434 t lperfetto "A complex of four proteins (GAR1, NHP2, NOP10, and the putative pseudouridine synthase dyskerin) associates with snoRNAs to form small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs), and the binding of this complex to the H/ACA domain of TERC may have a role in the biogenesis of the telomerase RNP" SIGNOR-263333 sedoheptulose smallmolecule CHEBI:16802 ChEBI "sedoheptulose 7-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:15721 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22682222 t miannu "The sedoheptulose kinase CARKL directs macrophage polarization through control of glucose metabolism. CARKL bridges glycolysis and PPP by catalyzing the formation of S7P from sedoheptulose" SIGNOR-268137 KTN1 protein Q86UP2 UNIPROT KIF5B protein P33176 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15316074 t miannu "This study demonstrated the effect of kinectin-kinesin interaction on lysosome dynamics and observed that the kinesin-binding domain of kinectin can significantly enhance the mt-stimulated atpase activity of kinesin." SIGNOR-128092 RAD50 protein Q92878 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21763684 t gcesareni "One of the earliest events is recruitment and activation of the atm at the damaged dna sites through the mre11rad50nbs1 (mrn) sensor complex. . the mre11/rad50/nbs1 (mrn) complex maintains genomic stability by bridging dna ends and initiating dna damage signaling through activation of the atm kinase." SIGNOR-175053 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr17 RVSSYRRtFGGAPGF -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. In the present study, we found aurora-b phosphorylates desmin at ser-11, thr-16, and ser-59, in vitro." SIGNOR-100115 EML4-ALK "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP8 SIGNOR HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27141364 f irozzo "EML4-ALK enhanced HIF-1α expression through increasing transcription and decreasing ubiquitination of HIF-1α." SIGNOR-259172 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 9649500 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Here we show that antigen receptor activation leads to bcl-6 phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). Phosphorylation, in turn, targets bcl-6 for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-270140 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000782 11526404 t lperfetto "Cbl-b, a ring-type e3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is implicated in setting the threshold of t lymphocyte activation. The p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (pi3k) was identified as a substrate for cbl-b. We have shown that cbl-b negatively regulated p85 in a proteolysis-independent manner." SIGNOR-252668 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 26527132 f lperfetto "Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a key component of the ATR-dependent DNA damage response pathway that protects cells from RS by preventing replication fork collapse and activating homologous DNA repair." SIGNOR-242616 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser518 KTVTPASsAKTSPAK 10116 BTO:0000938 15652488 t lperfetto "Ser-518 is also a potential phosphorylation site of CRMP-2 by GSK-3_." SIGNOR-133251 Nitrendipine chemical CID:4507 PUBCHEM NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18250364 t Luana "Here we report a surprising finding, that the dihydropyridine CCBs have MR antagonist activity. A number of dihydropyridine CCBs compete for aldosterone binding to the MR ligand binding domain (LBD), block aldosterone-induced recruitment of coactivators, and inhibit aldosterone-induced gene expression. " SIGNOR-257767 NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT MYL2 protein P10916 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003265 9043061 f "The mammalian homolog of the Drosophila tinman homeobox gene, Nkx2-5, is specifi- cally required for ventricular chamber-specific myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2v) expression and looping morphogenesis during mammalian heart development." SIGNOR-253645 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271010 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr775 QGWVPSNyITPVNSL 9606 16912036 t Manara "Src family kinases phosphorylate the Bcr-Abl SH3-SH2 region and modulate Bcr-Abl transforming activity. | Tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH3-SH2 region is essential for full Bcr-Abl biological activity." SIGNOR-260811 PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 22306293 t "inferred from family member" "PKM2 activates transcription of MEK5 by phosphorylating stat3 at Y705. In¬†vitro phosphorylation assays show that PKM2 is a protein kinase using PEP as a phosphate donor" SIGNOR-270312 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT TAP1 protein Q03518 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15778351 f miannu "We also show that this cytokine-dependent expression of TAP1 transcripts depends on STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2), but not on IRF-1, and provide evidence that IRF-2 constitutively binds to the TAP1 gene promoter and enhances TAP1 promoter activity. We show that IRF-2 forms a complex with STAT1 and the cytokine-responsive region of the TAP1 promoter in any TPO or IFN-gamma target cells tested." SIGNOR-254531 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR BIRC6 protein Q9NR09 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271318 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr387 RPGPGTLyDVPRERV 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246413 EXOC6B protein Q9Y2D4 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270781 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT DSG4 protein Q86SJ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000552 19683850 f miannu "we studied the transcriptional regulation of DSG4 by transcription factors/pathways that are known regulators of hair keratin or KAP expression. We show that HOXC13, LEF1 and FOXN1 repress DSG4 transcription and provide in vitro and in vivo evidence correlating the Notch pathway with the activation and/or maintenance of DSG4 expression in the hair follicle." SIGNOR-254183 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr456 KVYFLPItPHYVTQV 9606 15890648 t lperfetto "Cad is a multifunctional protein that initiates and regulates mammalian de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The activation of the pathway required for cell proliferation is a consequence of the phosphorylation of cad thr-456 by mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase.Activated map kinase (erk1/2), the enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of thr-456, was also present in larger amounts in the nucleus than the cytosol" SIGNOR-137179 MTA2 protein O94776 UNIPROT FSHR protein P23945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001238 23086931 f miannu "Chromatin modifier MTA2 participates in the down-regulation of FSHR transcription. MTA2 is a potent corepressor of FSHR transcription, because it can recruit histone deacetylase-1 onto the FSHR promoter and participates in the down-regulation of FSHR expression upon FSH treatment." SIGNOR-254226 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0004850 26847029 f irozzo "Our results strongly suggest that BCOR plays an indispensable role in hematopoiesis by inhibiting myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation and offer a mechanistic explanation for how BCOR regulates gene expression such as Hox genes." SIGNOR-256010 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 18596912 t fspada "The genomic activity of ppargamma is modulated, in addition to ligand binding, by phosphorylation of a serine residue by mapks, such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (erk-1/2), or by nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization through the erk activators mapk kinases-1/2 (mek-1/2). These mapks phosphorylate (in humans) ser 84 in the ppargamma1 and ser 114 in ppargamma2 isoform" SIGNOR-179400 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser242 MDKRKDPsSVDIKKV -1 10480872 t llicata "The CLK family kinases, CLK1 and CLK2, phosphorylate and activate the tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-1B. | although CLK1 and CLK2 directly phosphorylate PTP-1B on both Ser50 and Ser242/Ser243, the preferred CLK phosphorylation site is Ser50, as it is preferentially phosphorylated at an approximate ratio of 9:1 over the Ser242/Ser243 site." SIGNOR-250773 UBA52 protein P62987 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262459 "Host translation inhibitor nsp1" protein P0DTD1-PRO_0000449619 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002552 33188728 f miannu "We present here data demonstrating that among all viral proteins, Nsp1 causes the most severe viability reduction in the cells of human lung origin. We found that introduction of Nsp1, but not other viral proteins, induced apoptosis in H1299 cells" SIGNOR-262506 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19920149 t gcesareni "Ask1 is a member of a mapkkk family and functions as an upstream kinase engaged in c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk)/p38 signaling via the phosphorylation and activation of mapkks, such as mkk3, -4, -6, and -7" SIGNOR-161766 [4-[2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-(1-piperazinyl)methanone chemical CHEBI:91441 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258233 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys158 ALIHRDLkPPNLLLV 9606 BTO:0000007 20038579 t lperfetto "Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors 2 and 6 (traf2 and -6) act as the ubiquitin e3 ligases to mediate lys63-linked tak1 polyubiquitination at the lys158 residue in vivo and in vitro. Lys(63)-linked TAK1 polyubiquitination at the Lys(158) residue is required for TAK1-mediated IKK complex recruitment." SIGNOR-162638 NDUFV3 protein P56181 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262185 ZC3HAV1 protein Q7Z2W4 UNIPROT PARN protein O95453 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21876179 t "We provide evidence indicating that ZAP selectively recruits cellular poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) to shorten the poly(A) tail of target viral mRNA and recruits the RNA exosome to degrade the RNA body from the 3′ end." SIGNOR-261296 LTB protein Q06643 UNIPROT LTBR protein P36941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 BTO:0000975 7995952 t lperfetto "These experiments point toward the lt-alpha 1/beta 2 complex as the predominant membrane form of lt on the lymphocyte surface, and this complex is the primary ligand for the lt-beta receptor." SIGNOR-35759 "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 14684878 t miannu "Here we show that cortactin is concentrated with F-actin in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons but is redistributed to the dendritic shaft in response to NMDA receptor activation. these findings indicate that the translocation of cortactin is induced by the activation of NMDA receptors." SIGNOR-266602 MCU protein Q8NE86 UNIPROT MCU_MICU1_variant complex SIGNOR-C500 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270865 IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001103 21798082 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated irs then acts as docking site to recruit and activate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k) which phosphorylates membrane phospholipids, generating phosphoinositide-3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) from phosphoinositide-4,5-biphosphate (pip2)." SIGNOR-252694 FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 19305384 t lperfetto "Fas/FasL, TRAIL/DR4, TRAIL/DR5 and TNF-alpha/TNFR1 are ligand/receptor pairs of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor family, which are able to induce apoptosis by trimerization of the receptor by its corresponding ligand." SIGNOR-217809 ADNP protein Q9H2P0 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 12888219 f miannu "Mouse ADNP was shown to be expressed at the time of neural tube closure, detected at E7.5 and increased on E9.5. Expression was augmented in the brain (E12.5), sustained throughout embryogenesis and regulated by VIP. In conclusion, ADNP is identified here as a new key gene essential for organogenesis in the developing embryo and may be implicated as a clinical target associated with proper neurodevelopment." SIGNOR-266758 dexmedetomidine chemical CHEBI:4466 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258907 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT POLA1 protein P09884 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9518481 t Federica "We provide evidence that in proliferating cells: (i) PARP is physically associated with the catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase α–primase tetramer, an association confirmed by confocal microscopy, demonstrating that both enzymes are co-localized at the nuclear periphery of HeLa cells.|(iii) PARP-deficient cells derived from PARP knock-out mice exhibited reduced DNA polymerase activity," SIGNOR-261270 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser385 RYSDTTDsDPENEPF 9606 21779440 t gcesareni "The C-terminal tail of PTEN is also the target of mutations in tumors. As mentioned, this region contains the main phosphorylation sites mapped to residues Ser362, Thr366, Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, and the kinases involved are casein kinase 2 (CK2), GSK3_, LKB1, and MAST.84,97-101 The phosphorylation of the tail has been shown to enhance PTEN stability but at the same time decrease its phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-89822 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EPS15 protein P42566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser796 RSINKLDsPDPFKLN 9606 24269888 t lperfetto "Tnf-_ induces phosphorylation of eps15 at ser-796eps15 is a substrate for p38_these results suggest an attractive model in which p38 phosphorylates both eps15 and egfr to trigger efficient endocytosis" SIGNOR-203315 Inner_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C411 SIGNOR "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "One of the main functions of the IMM is the housing of proteins that make up the electron transport chain (ETC) which ultimately produces ATP. " SIGNOR-267007 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257370 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23468082 t miannu "Ponatinib is an oral multitargeted kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits all 4 members of the FGFR family." SIGNOR-259279 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 VSRVPYPsPTCVKSE 9606 21157430 t acerquone "Here, we show that the transcription factor tfiih, via its cdk7 kinase, phosphorylates the androgen receptor (ar) at position ar/s515. Strikingly, this phosphorylation is a key step for an accurate transactivation that includes the cyclic recruitment of the transcription machinery, the mdm2 e3 ligase, the subsequent ubiquitination of ar at the promoter of target genes and its degradation by the proteasome machinery" SIGNOR-170599 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr132 CVIAVDRyFAITSPF 10029 BTO:0000246 8557631 t "Insulin (10 nM)-stimulated rIR-catalyzed phosphorylation of β2-adrenergic receptor peptides was found prominently in peptides L339 (Tyr350 and Tyr354), T362 (Tyr364), and to a lesser extent peptides Y132 (Tyr132 and Tyr141), and I135 (Tyr141). G-protein-linked receptors and intrinsic tyrosine-kinase growth receptors represent two prominent modalities in cell signaling. Cross-regulation among members of both receptor superfamilies has been reported, including the counter-regulatory effects of insulin on β-adrenergic catecholamine action. Cells stimulated by insulin show loss of function and increased phosphotyrosine content of β2-adrenergic receptors." SIGNOR-251299 NHS protein Q6T4R5 UNIPROT ABI2 protein Q9NYB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000723 20332100 t miannu "NHS may preferentially bind one or more Abi's in vivo, and it is also likely that specificity is governed by spatiotemporal expression of both proteins. Abi2 is highly expressed in the lens and plays a pivotal role in the development of the anterior and posterior sutures. This suggests that an NHS–Abi2 interaction may be physiologically important for lens development and that null mutations in the NHS gene could cause congenital cataract by disruption of this interaction and the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-253579 CDKN2C protein P42773 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8891723 t miannu "The first group, including p16ink4a, p15ink4b,p18ink4cand p19ink4d, is specific for the g1 cdks,cdk4and cdk6, inhibiting the kinase activity of cyclin d/cdk4-cdk6 complexes on prb." SIGNOR-44598 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262265 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 10611223 t lperfetto "Pak phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo on ser112 and ser136, resulting in a markedly reduced interaction between bad and bcl-2 or bcl-x(l) and the increased association of bad with 14-3-3tau." SIGNOR-73529 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11807557 t miannu "Here we show that calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous Ca2+-sensing protein, binds to the carboxy-terminal 'IQ' domain of the human cardiac Na channel (hH1) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This binding interaction significantly enhances slow inactivation-a channel-gating process linked to life-threatening idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias." SIGNOR-266330 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser636 SGDYMPMsPKSVSAP 10116 11287630 t lperfetto "Mtor induced the serine phosphorylation of irs-1 (ser-636/639), and such phosphorylation was inhibited by rapamycin. These results suggest that tnf impairs insulin signaling through irs-1 by activation of a pi 3-kinase/akt/mtor pathway, which is antagonized by pten" SIGNOR-106586 IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 18445337 t milica "Jak3 is associated with the ?c20,21. Cytokine binding mediates the trans-phosphorylation of receptor associated jak kinases, which in turn phosphorylate tyrosine residues on the receptors themselves. The receptor phosphotyrosines serve as docking sites for sh2 domain proteins including the stat family of transcription factors which are activated by jak-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-178491 SLC44A2 protein Q8IWA5 UNIPROT choline smallmolecule CHEBI:15354 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 21367571 t lperfetto "Among these, SLC44A2 (a putative choline transporter) was strikingly upregulated by ethanol (three fold), and GCN5 silencing downregulated it" SIGNOR-260409 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271016 RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT SPEN protein Q96T58 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16287852 t gcesareni "We identify the ctip and ctbp corepressors as novel components of the human rbp-jk/sharp-corepressor complex and show that ctip binds directly to the sharp repression domain." SIGNOR-141616 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser87 VGRHRKVsPNCRFIN 9606 14645242 t llicata "Here, we demonstrate that akt, including akt1 and akt2, interacts with and phosphorylates x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (xiap) at residue serine-87 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of xiap by akt protects xiap from ubiquitination and degradation in response to cisplatin. Moreover, autoubiquitination of xiap is also inhibited by akt." SIGNOR-119492 LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 12897152 t amattioni "The phosphorylation of lrp6 generates a docking site for axin and recruits it to the plasma membrane, where axin is inactivated and/or targeted for degradation by an unknown mechanism." SIGNOR-104493 SHPK protein Q9UHJ6 UNIPROT sedoheptulose smallmolecule CHEBI:16802 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22682222 t miannu "The sedoheptulose kinase CARKL directs macrophage polarization through control of glucose metabolism. CARKL bridges glycolysis and PPP by catalyzing the formation of S7P from sedoheptulose" SIGNOR-267083 COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 12496264 t lperfetto "Modeling of the alpha I domain-collagen peptide complexes could partially explain the observed preference of different I domains for certain GFOGER sequence variations. In summary, our data indicate that the GFOGER sequence in fibrillar collagens is a common recognition motif used by alpha(1)beta(1), alpha(2)beta(1), and also alpha(11)beta(1) integrins." SIGNOR-253345 POLR2F protein P61218 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266139 TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 15340059 t lperfetto "Tsc2 functions as a gap to inhibit rheb activity. Tsc2 displays gap (gtpase-activating protein) activity specifically towards the small g protein rheb and inhibits its ability to stimulate the mtor signaling pathway. It has recently been shown that tsc2 has gtpase-activating protein (gap) activity towards the ras family small gtpase rheb (ras homolog enriched in brain), and tsc1/2 antagonizes the mtor signaling pathway via stimulation of gtp hydrolysis of rheb." SIGNOR-235895 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FH protein P07954 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 YGAQTVRsTMNFKIG -1 28628081 t miannu "Glucose deficiency induces AMPK activation, which phosphorylates FH at Ser75 and promotes its binding to ATF2 and the enrichment of the FH–ATF2 complex on the promoter regions of ATF2-targeted genes." SIGNOR-266313 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SSRP1 protein Q08945 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser657 KSSSRQLsESFKSKE 9606 BTO:0000007 15659405 t llicata "CK2 phosphorylates SSRP1 and inhibits its DNA-binding activity. | we identified serines 510, 657, and 688 as phosphorylation targets of CK2 in vitro. Mutagenesis of the three serines revealed that serine 510 was more important for the regulation of SSRP1 DNA-binding activity." SIGNOR-250960 MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19946136 t "The Mcm2-7 complex serves as the eukaryotic replicative helicase, the molecular motor that both unwinds duplex DNA and powers fork progression during DNA replication." SIGNOR-198428 CDC23 protein Q9UJX2 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252008 KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 f miannu "Here, we show that FBXL10/KDM2B is an anti-adipogenic factor that is up-regulated during the early phase of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and in adipose tissue in a diet-induced model of obesity. These results suggest that FBXL10 represses adipogenesis by targeting a noncanonical PRC1 complex to repress key genes (e.g. Pparg) that control conversion of pluripotent cells into the adipogenic lineage." SIGNOR-252243 CASK protein O14936 UNIPROT Exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH157 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 11036064 f miannu "As neurexins have been proposed to function in neuronal cell adhesion, it is possible that they define specific sites at the plasma membrane and that Mint complexes and Mint1-CASK complexes on neurexin are involved in the localized recruitment of Munc18 to the sites of exocytosis. In support of this hypothesis, both CASK and Mint1 have been reported to be localized at synapses" SIGNOR-264044 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser863 DPISTDAsRRSSEAS 9606 BTO:0000007 16611981 t lperfetto "The degradation of Gli2 requires the phosphorylation of a cluster of numerous serine residues in its carboxyl terminus by protein kinase A and subsequently by casein kinase 1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3." SIGNOR-249590 HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256705 MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT FGB protein P02675 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Arg124 LQQERPIrNSVDELN -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-13 27YVATRDN g-chain| 20ADSGEGD a-chain| 124RNSVDXLNXN b-chain| 442LRTGKEKV a-chain" SIGNOR-263615 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr101 EGLSMGNyIGLINRI -1 16373505 t Manara "PKR autophosphorylates on Y101, Y162, and Y293 in vitro. Site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for efficient dsRNA-binding, dimerization, kinase activation and eIF2alpha phosphorylation of PKR." SIGNOR-260782 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264752 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr762 SDIQRSLyDRPASYK 9823 9546424 t miannu "Tyr-762 is an autophosphorylation site in the human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha-receptor. Crk proteins associate with phosphorylated Tyr-762 in the PDGF a-receptor in vivo" SIGNOR-249716 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001567 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255168 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT HMGA2 protein P52926 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 QEPTGEPsPKRPRGR 9606 10636877 t lperfetto "Architecture of high mobility group protein i-c dna complex and its perturbation upon phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase. Phosphorylation by cdc2 reduces binding strength of the mammalian and insect hmgi proteins to dna. After phosphorylation of the protein at ser-43 and ser-58 by cdc2 kinase multiple contacts of dbds, especially with the bases, are impaired and the protein binds to dna in a different way, extending the contacts to the sugar-phosphate backbone." SIGNOR-74094 CHN1 protein P15882 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260499 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr767 ESFKRLVtPRKKSKS 9606 BTO:0000007 23063527 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometry, molecular, and cellular approaches show that CDK1/Cyclin B1 phosphorylates Gravin on threonine 766 to prime the recruitment of the polo-like kinase Plk1 at defined phases of mitosis." SIGNOR-271840 fulvestrant chemical CHEBI:31638 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 12113237 t miannu "Fulvestrant (Faslodex, formerly ICI 182,780) is a potent steroidal antiestrogen that mediates its effects by estrogen receptor downregulation." SIGNOR-259305 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1724 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120112 brimonidine chemical CHEBI:3175 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258901 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser511 PIGEDEEsESD -1 9045708 t llicata "Purified CKI and CKII phosphorylate the wild-type carboxyl terminus of VMAT2, but not a double mutant with both serines 512 and 514 replaced by alanine. The protein kinase inhibitor CKI-7 and unlabeled GTP both block in vitro phosphorylation by cell homogenates, indicating a role for CKII and possibly CKI in vivo. Both kinases phosphorylate the VMAT2 fusion protein to a much greater extent than a similar fusion protein containing the carboxyl terminus of VMAT1, consistent with differential phosphorylation of the two transporters observed in intact cells. " SIGNOR-250794 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 11724780 t gcesareni "Ampk has also been suggested to phosphorylate the glucose-sensitive transcription factor chrebpthe dna binding activity, as assayed in a gel-shift assay of the truncated chrebp, was gradually inactivated with time by treatment with ampk" SIGNOR-112289 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT AFAP1L2 protein Q8N4X5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr54 SSSSDEEyIYMNKVT 9606 BTO:0000007 19060924 t miannu "RET/PTC induced robust tyrosine phosphorylation of XB130, which promoted its subsequent association with the p85alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). We identified tyrosine 54 of XB130 as the major target of RET/PTC-mediated phosphorylation and a critical binding site for the SH2 domains of p85alpha." SIGNOR-263192 PSENEN protein Q9NZ42 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 12522139 t gcesareni "Our data reveal a direct role of pen-2 in proteolytic cleavage of ps1 and a regulatory function of aph-1, in coordination with pen-2, in the biogenesis of the ps1 complex." SIGNOR-97113 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT RELN protein P78509 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19029285 f miannu "induction of the reelin and GAD67 mRNAs is accompanied by the dissociation of repressor complexes containing all three DNMTs, MeCP2, and HDAC1 from the corresponding promoters and by increased local histone acetylation." SIGNOR-254577 PES1 protein O00541 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002882 15169904 f miannu "Pescadillo (PES1) and the upstream binding factor (UBF1) play a role in ribosome biogenesis, which regulates cell size, an important component of cell proliferation. We have investigated the effects of PES1 and UBF1 on the growth and differentiation of cell lines derived from 32D cells, an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent murine myeloid cell line. Parental 32D cells and 32D IGF-IR cells (expressing increased levels of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor I [IGF-I] receptor [IGF-IR]) do not express insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) or IRS-2. 32D IGF-IR cells differentiate when the cells are shifted from IL-3 to IGF-I. Ectopic expression of IRS-1 inhibits differentiation and transforms 32D IGF-IR cells into a tumor-forming cell line. We found that PES1 and UBF1 increased cell size and/or altered the cell cycle distribution of 32D-derived cells but failed to make them IL-3 independent. PES1 and UBF1 also failed to inhibit the differentiation program initiated by the activation of the IGF-IR, which is blocked by IRS-1. 32D IGF-IR cells expressing PES1 or UBF1 differentiate into granulocytes like their parental cells. In contrast, PES1 and UBF1 can transform mouse embryo fibroblasts that have high levels of endogenous IRS-1 and are not prone to differentiation. Our results provide a model for one of the theories of myeloid leukemia, in which both a stimulus of proliferation and a block of differentiation are required for leukemia development." SIGNOR-260078 CHIR-98014 chemical CID:53396311 PUBCHEM GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190985 MEX3B protein Q6ZN04 UNIPROT SNUPN protein O95149 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 24326307 t miannu "HOTAIR associates with E3 ubiquitin ligases bearing RNA-binding domains, Dzip3 and Mex3b, as well as with their respective ubiquitination substrates, Ataxin-1 and Snurportin-1. In this manner, HOTAIR facilitates the ubiquitination of Ataxin-1 by Dzip3 and Snurportin-1 by Mex3b in cells and in vitro, and accelerates their degradation." SIGNOR-272079 CyclinD1/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C143 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1217 MSLENPLsPFSSDIN 9606 BTO:0000007 32294430 t done miannu "We show here that CyclinD-Cdk4/6 activates mTORC1 by binding and phosphorylating TSC2 on Ser1217 and Ser1452. " SIGNOR-274101 CyclinD1/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C143 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1452 LPSSSPRsPSGLRPR 9606 BTO:0000007 32294430 t done miannu "We show here that CyclinD-Cdk4/6 activates mTORC1 by binding and phosphorylating TSC2 on Ser1217 and Ser1452. " SIGNOR-274102 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr682 SRTTDGVyEGVAIGG 9606 BTO:0000007 32420483 t done miannu " We demonstrate the binding of PIP2 to the CoA-binding domain of ACLY and identify the six tyrosine residues of ACLY that are phosphorylated by Lyn. Three of them (Y682, Y252, Y227) can be also phosphorylated by Src and they are located in catalytic, citrate binding and ATP binding domains, respectively. PI3K and Lyn inhibitors reduce the ACLY enzyme activity, ACLY-mediated Acetyl-CoA synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, histone acetylation and cell growth. Thus, PIP2/PIP3 binding and Src tyrosine kinases-mediated stimulation of ACLY links oncogenic pathways to Acetyl-CoA-dependent pro-growth and survival metabolic pathways in cancer cells." SIGNOR-274103 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1214 VCDPKFHyDNTAGIS 9606 18840653 t gcesareni "Vegfr2 contains several critical tyrosine residues that are autophosphorylated following activation. Our phosphorylation assays showed that tcptp was able to target specific tyrosines in vegfr2. The autophosphorylation sites tyr1054/1059 and tyr1214 were dephosphorylated by tcptp. Tyr996 was a tcptp target as well." SIGNOR-181546 TRIM26 protein Q12899 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25763818 t miannu "TRIM26 bound to IRF3 and promoted its K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation in nucleus. " SIGNOR-272440 CSF1 protein P09603 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 24890514 t apalma "The CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) is activated by the homodimeric growth factors colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34)" SIGNOR-255568 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr252 EAYPEEAyIADLDAK 9606 BTO:0000007 32420483 t done miannu " We demonstrate the binding of PIP2 to the CoA-binding domain of ACLY and identify the six tyrosine residues of ACLY that are phosphorylated by Lyn. Three of them (Y682, Y252, Y227) can be also phosphorylated by Src and they are located in catalytic, citrate binding and ATP binding domains, respectively. PI3K and Lyn inhibitors reduce the ACLY enzyme activity, ACLY-mediated Acetyl-CoA synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, histone acetylation and cell growth. Thus, PIP2/PIP3 binding and Src tyrosine kinases-mediated stimulation of ACLY links oncogenic pathways to Acetyl-CoA-dependent pro-growth and survival metabolic pathways in cancer cells." SIGNOR-274105 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr682 SRTTDGVyEGVAIGG 9606 BTO:0000007 32420483 t done miannu " We demonstrate the binding of PIP2 to the CoA-binding domain of ACLY and identify the six tyrosine residues of ACLY that are phosphorylated by Lyn. Three of them (Y682, Y252, Y227) can be also phosphorylated by Src and they are located in catalytic, citrate binding and ATP binding domains, respectively. PI3K and Lyn inhibitors reduce the ACLY enzyme activity, ACLY-mediated Acetyl-CoA synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, histone acetylation and cell growth. Thus, PIP2/PIP3 binding and Src tyrosine kinases-mediated stimulation of ACLY links oncogenic pathways to Acetyl-CoA-dependent pro-growth and survival metabolic pathways in cancer cells." SIGNOR-274106 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 21297102 t gcesareni "Inhibitors for fgf (azd4547), vegf, or pdgf receptors (axitinib), but not that for tgf receptor (ly364947), significantly decreased the abundance of (pcna) in endothelial cells." SIGNOR-171869 WNK4 protein Q96J92 UNIPROT STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser371 VRRVPGSsGHLHKTE 16990453 t lperfetto "Vitari et al. (76) and Moriguchi et al. (52) demonstrated that WNK4 bound and phosphorylated PASK at Thr-233 and Ser-373 in mammalian cells.| this phosphorylation event activates PASK, which in turn phosphorylates and activates NKCC1" SIGNOR-264641 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr233 DDEDDSGtEES 9606 BTO:0000567 11546811 t llicata "CDC34 is specifically phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant CK2 and HeLa nuclear extract at five sites within the carboxyl-terminal 36 amino acids of CDC34. | Mutation of CDC34 at CK2-targeted residues, Ser-203, Ser-222, Ser-231, Thr-233, and Ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of CDC34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized CDC34 to the cytoplasm. " SIGNOR-251061 CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f Luana "In this scenario,the release by immune effector cells of large amounts of pro-in-flammatory cytokines (IFNŒ±, IFNŒ≥, IL-1Œ≤, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-33,TNFŒ±, TGFŒ≤) and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2, CCL3,CCL5) precipitates and sustains the aberrant systemic inflammatory response." SIGNOR-261317 "9-cis-retinoic acid" chemical CHEBI:50648 ChEBI RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18321241 t miannu "Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a unique panagonist retinoid, capable of binding to all six known retinoid receptors (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma)." SIGNOR-259235 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr350 EPPDHQYyNDFPGKE 9606 8939605 t lperfetto "Here, we report the identification of two major and novel Shc tyrosine phosphorylation sites, Y239 and Y240. Y239/240 are co-ordinately phosphorylated by the src protein-tyrosine kinase in vitro, and in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation or in v-src-transformed cells in vivo. phosphorylation of y317 has been implicated in grb2 binding and activation of the ras pathway." SIGNOR-44870 CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser158 LLDNSRMsCQDEGCG 9606 BTO:0000567 18411282 t done miannu "However, the siRNA knockdown of CK1α1L significantly reduced the nuclear export of OREBP/TonEBP under hypotonic conditions (Fig. 5F). Taken together, these data suggest that CK1α1L is the kinase that phosphorylates Ser-158 in the regulation of OREBP/TonEBP export." SIGNOR-274111 "RNA helicases DDX5/DDX17" complex SIGNOR-C34 SIGNOR NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000815 22266867 t done miannu "In this work, we report that ddx5 and ddx17 have a dual role in the control of the pro-migratory NFAT5 transcription factor. First, ddx5 and ddx17 act as transcriptional coactivators of NFAT5 and are required for activating NFAT5 target genes involved in tumor cell migration. " SIGNOR-274112 "RNA helicases DDX5/DDX17" complex SIGNOR-C34 SIGNOR NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000815 22266867 t done miannu "In this work, we report that ddx5 and ddx17 have a dual role in the control of the pro-migratory NFAT5 transcription factor. First, ddx5 and ddx17 act as transcriptional coactivators of NFAT5 and are required for activating NFAT5 target genes involved in tumor cell migration. " SIGNOR-274113 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser696 EKNYALPsPATTEGG 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-169526 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser387 ETGLYRIsGCDRTVK 9606 18201571 t gcesareni "We report here that (i) mgcracgap is phosphorylated by aurora b and cdk1, (ii) pp2a dephosphorylates aurora b and cdk1 phosphorylated sites and (iii) inhibition of pp2a abrogates mgcracgap/ect2 interaction. Therefore, pp2a may regulate cytokinesis by dephosphorylating mgcracgap and its interacting partners." SIGNOR-160398 FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17543283 f lperfetto "Furthermore, in cultures receiving FGF-2 before adipogenic induction, mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a key transcription factor in adipogenesis, was upregulated." SIGNOR-236220 FBXW2 protein Q9UKT8 UNIPROT SCF-FBW2 complex SIGNOR-C525 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15640526 t miannu "FBW2 targets GCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. Here, we report the identification of an SCF complex as the GCM ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) that regulates human GCMa (hGCMa) degradation. We found that SKP1 and CUL1, two key components of the SCF complex, associate with hGCMa in vivo. We further identify the human F-box protein FBW2 (hFBW2) as the substrate recognition subunit in the SCF E3 complex for hGCMa. We show that hFBW2 interacts with hGCMa in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes hGCMa ubiquitination. Supporting a critical role for hFBW2 in hGCMa degradation, knockdown of hFBW2 expression by RNA interference leads to a reduction in hGCMa ubiquitination and a concomitant increase in hGCMa protein stability. Our study identifies the SCF(hFBW2) E3 complex as the key machinery that targets hGCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system" SIGNOR-271525 RAE1 protein P78406 UNIPROT mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20498086 f miannu "The export of mRNAs is a multistep process, involving the packaging of mRNAs into messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs), their transport through nuclear pore complexes, and mRNP remodeling events prior to translation. Ribonucleic acid export 1 (Rae1) and Nup98 are evolutionarily conserved mRNA export factors that are targeted by the vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein to inhibit host cell nuclear export. these data suggest that the Rae1*Nup98 complex directly binds to the mRNP at several stages of the mRNA export pathway." SIGNOR-260871 NDUFA13 protein Q9P0J0 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND1-module builds around the Q-module with the help of TIMMDC1/C3ORF1 [47,48], which remains bound to the Q/ND1 subassembly until the last maturation steps. MT-ND1 joins first and then NDUFA3, NDUFA8 and NDUFA13 are added" SIGNOR-262153 "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "Another central component of the NMDA receptor signaling complex is the scaffold protein PSD-95 (also referred to as SAP-90). The first and second PDZ domains bind tightly to the tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor" SIGNOR-264224 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 16226275 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "First, Erk phosphorylates HePTP at residues Thr45 and Ser72. Second, HePTP dephosphorylates Erk at PTyr185.|" SIGNOR-270111 NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254869 CTF1 protein Q16619 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12859689 f miannu "CT-1 exerted these effects by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase, GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH) and NE transporter mRNAs, while IL-6 lowered only GCH mRNA." SIGNOR-252218 IL20 protein Q9NYY1 UNIPROT IL22RA1 protein Q8N6P7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11163236 t gcesareni "An IL-20 receptor was identified as a heterodimer of two orphan class II cytokine receptor subunits. Both receptor subunits are expressed in skin and are dramatically upregulated in psoriatic skin. Taken together, these results demonstrate a role in epidermal function and psoriasis for IL-20, a novel cytokine identified solely by bioinformatics analysis." SIGNOR-151877 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser493 LSPRHRMsSPGVAGS 9606 BTO:0000801 29170386 t "Interestingly, GRIP1 is phosphorylated at an N-terminal serine cluster by cyclin-dependent kinase-9 (CDK9), which is recruited into GC-induced GR:GRIP1:CDK9 hetero-complexes, producing distinct GRE-specific GRIP1 phospho-isoforms. Phosphorylation potentiates GRIP1 coactivator but, remarkably, not its corepressor properties." SIGNOR-256098 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT STAM2 protein O75886 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr291 KSEPEPVyIDEDKMD 9606 20504764 t "Together, the results presented here demonstrate that PTP1B can influence RTK signaling in a previously unrecognized manner. We show that PTP1B directly targets STAM2, part of the ESCRT-0 endosomal sorting complex, and we provide the first evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation affects STAM localization and function. This regulatory mechanism could impact signaling downstream of numerous cell surface receptors that are ubiquitinated and recognized by this conserved sorting machinery." SIGNOR-248406 PSAT1 protein Q9Y617 UNIPROT O-phosphonato-L-serine(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57524 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" "chemical modification" 3702 30034403 t lperfetto "Phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate (3-PHP) to 3-phosphoserine (PSer) in an L-glutamate (Glu)-linked reversible transamination reaction." SIGNOR-268560 SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000887 24145169 f "The BMP pathway is a positive regulator of muscle mass. Increasing the expression of BMP7 or the activity of BMP receptors in muscles induced hypertrophy that was dependent on Smad1/5-mediated activation of mTOR signaling" SIGNOR-256487 KLHL18 protein O94889 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 23213400 t miannu "We identify Aurora-A as a KLHL18-interacting partner. Overexpression of KLHL18 and CUL3 promotes Aurora-A ubiquitylation in vivo, and the CUL3-KLHL18-ROC1 ligase ubiquitylates Aurora-A in vitro. Our study reveals that the CUL3-KLHL18 ligase is required for timely entry into mitosis, as well as for the activation of Aurora-A at centrosomes.We also noticed that overexpression of both CUL3 and KLHL18 stimulated mono-ubiquitylation of Aurora-A as well (Fig. 8A,B)." SIGNOR-272021 BMP10 protein O95393 UNIPROT ACVRL1 protein P37023 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17068149 t acerquone "Taken together, our results sug- gest that bmp9 and bmp10 are two spe- cific alk1 ligands that may physiologi- cally trigger the effects of alk1 on angiogenesis" SIGNOR-150201 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23567751 f miannu "The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis proceeds when the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is compromised by the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, BAK and BAX. Once activated, BAK and BAX form proteolipid pores in the OMM leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), and the release of inner membrane space proteins, such as cytochrome c, which promotes caspase activation." SIGNOR-261494 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GJA5 protein P36382 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser120 RAKEVRGsGSYEYPV 9606 BTO:0003477 10728420 t miannu "Gap junction channels formed of Cx40 are modulated by protein-kinase-A-mediated phosphorylation. Macroscopic conductance and permeability of Cx40 gap junctions is strongly increased by cAMP. two serine residues that can be phosphorylated by PKA, S120 and S345" SIGNOR-250357 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-244727 tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:29171 ChEBI Arg-tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:18366 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270369 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 15084260 t lperfetto "Ikappab kinase promotes tumorigenesis through inhibition of forkhead foxo3a. The tnf treatment of ht-29 cells increased ikk-dependent foxo3 ser644 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-216407 "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 17396147 t lperfetto "Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263249 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 PGGSRAHsSHLKSKK 9606 BTO:0001321 15659650 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation by chk1 of at least three of these sites, Ser366, Ser378, and Thr387, was induced by DNA damage." SIGNOR-217853 PABIR1 protein Q96E09 UNIPROT PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27588481 t miannu "We demonstrate that the highly conserved protein in mammals, designated FAM122A, directly interacts with PP2A-Aα and B55α rather than B56α subunits, and inhibits the phosphatase activity of PP2A-Aα/B55α/Cα complex." SIGNOR-266379 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr222 MEAPTTAyKKTTPIE -1 10066823 t "HS1 was shown to undergo a process of sequential phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo, which is synergistically mediated by Syk and Src family protein-tyrosine kinases and essential for B cell antigen receptor-mediated apoptosis. We have now identified tyrosine 222 as the HS1 residue phosphorylated by the Src family protein kinases c-Fgr and Lyn" SIGNOR-251399 TTI1 protein O43156 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20427287 t miannu "MTOR exists in two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that differ in their subunit composition. In this study, we identified KIAA0406 as a novel mTOR-interacting protein. Because it has sequence homology with Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tti1, we named it mammalian Tti1. Tti1 constitutively interacts with mTOR in both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Knockdown of Tti1 suppresses phosphorylation of both mTORC1 substrates (S6K1 and 4E-BP1) and an mTORC2 substrate (Akt) and also induces autophagy. Furthermore, using immunoprecipitation and size-exclusion chromatography analyses, we found that knockdown of either Tti1 or Tel2 causes disassembly of mTORC1 and mTORC2." SIGNOR-272004 THOC6 protein Q86W42 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33191911 t miannu "The TREX complex is found in all eukaryotes and contains the multi-subunit THO complex, the DEXD-box RNA helicase UAP56/DDX39B (yeast Sub2), and an RNA export adapter such as ALYREF (yeast Yra1). The human THO complex comprises six subunits, THOC1, −2, –3, −5, –6, and −7, of which four have known counterparts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc): THOC1 (yeast Hpr1), −2 (yeast Tho2), −3 (yeast Tex3), and −7 (yeast Mft1) . In this study we focus on the conserved TREX complex (Heath et al., 2016; Xie and Ren, 2019): THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF, and hereafter refer to UAP56/DDX39B as UAP56." SIGNOR-268510 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-268077 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser291 TYVNNSPsPGFNSSH 9606 20682773 t lperfetto "We previously established that phosphorylation of lsf in early g1 at ser-291 and ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in g1 is required for its reactivation. This predominant cis conformation would also limit dephosphorylation of ser-291 and ser-309 by phosphatases such as pp2a" SIGNOR-167385 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18559972 f apalma "In this study, we used specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors to identify critical target genes that are regulated by oncogenic tyrosine kinases. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we identified genes that are either up- or down-regulated by selective small molecule inhibitors that target the ABL, PDGFβR, or FLT3 kinases. Genes induced by these inhibitors are presumably repressed by activated tyrosine kinases.Among these genes, we detected a 5- to 50-fold reduction in Id1 expression when the cancer cells were treated with inhibitors." SIGNOR-255698 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000551 16407838 f miannu "Fhit inhibited activity of akt, a key effector in the phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase (pi3k) pathway;loss of endogenous fhit expression caused increased akt activity in vitro and in vivo, and overexpression of constitutively active akt inhibited fhit-induced apoptosis" SIGNOR-252625 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 19592489 f lperfetto "The transcription factor AP-1 consists of a variety of dimers composed of members of the Jun, Fos, and ATF families of proteins. The Jun proteins can both homo- and heterodimerize with Fos members to form transcriptionally active complexes. The stimulation of macrophage TLR4 receptor rapidly activates not only the NF-kappaB pathway but also MAPK pathways, including JNK, ERK, and p38. Many of the downstream targets of MAPK pathways are transcription factors that include c-Jun." SIGNOR-249518 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001130 22832221 f gcesareni "Brca1/e2f1/ctipbinding to atm promoter activates atm transcription." SIGNOR-198467 KSR1 protein Q8IVT5 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr269 NVHMVSTtLPVDSRM 9606 11134016 t lperfetto "Here we show that phosphorylation of c-raf-1 on thr(269) by ksr is necessary for optimal activation in response to egf stimulation." SIGNOR-85386 cortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:17650 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258708 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR DNA_fragmentation phenotype SIGNOR-PH22 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10200555 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for blebbing, chromatin condensation and dna fragmentation" SIGNOR-256478 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10090 11865049 t miannu "We show here that mPer proteins, negative limbs of the autoregulatory loop, are specific substrates for CKIepsilon and CKIdelta. The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-267996 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RSPH3 protein Q86UC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr243 QEQLRPQtPEPVEGR 9606 19684019 t miannu "ERK1/2 phosphorylate RSPH3. the extent of radiolabeled phosphate incorporation into RSPH3 T286A was much less than that into wild-type RSPH3, suggesting that threonine 286 is the major ERK1/2 phosphorylation site in cells. ERK2 also phosphorylates RSPH3 on threonine 243 to a lesser extent. Phosphorylation of the double mutant T243V/T286A RSPH3 was no more than 20% that of wild-type RSPH3 (Fig. 4, C and D). inhibiting ERK1/2 activity appears to negatively regulate the AKAP function of RSPH3." SIGNOR-262839 ATG3 protein Q9NT62 UNIPROT GABARAPL2 protein P60520 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 16303767 t lperfetto "Three human atg8 (hatg8) homologs, lc3, gabarap, and gate-16, have been characterized as modifiers in reactions mediated by hatg7 (an e1-like enzyme) and hatg3 (an e2-like enzyme)" SIGNOR-141926 CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265864 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626543 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265442 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM6 protein Q9C030 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271217 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 18620382 t Luana "Pyrimidine 13 showed good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity was also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50’s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-257738 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11359933 t gcesareni "An e3 ubiquitin ligase complex roc1-scffbw1a consisting of roc1, skp1, cullin1, and fbw1a (also termed trcp1) induces ubiquitination of smad3." SIGNOR-108237 GRIK4 protein Q16099 UNIPROT D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "Glutamate (L-Glu) released from neurons interacts with kainate-type of glutamate receptors (Kain-R) in astrocytes to stimulate release of D-serine" SIGNOR-268275 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1234 RDMYDKEyYSVHNKT 9606 18819921 t "Using substrate trapping mutants of PTP1B or TCPTP, we have demonstrated that both phosphatases interact with Met and that these interactions require phosphorylation of twin tyrosines (Tyr-1234/1235) in the activation loop of the Met kinase domain.|Using small interfering RNA against PTP1B and TCPTP, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr-1234/1235 in the activation loop of the Met receptor is elevated in the absence of either PTP1B or TCPTP and further elevated upon loss of both phosphatases." SIGNOR-248411 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001454 19609947 t lperfetto "Although there are likely to be multiple levels of crosstalk between the pi3k-akt and nf-kb pathways, one mechanism has been attributed to direct phosphorylation of the amino acid residue t23 on ikb kinase alfa (ikkalfa) by akt, thereby leading to activation of this kinase upstream of nf-kb akt mediates ikkalpha phosphorylation at threonine 23 akt transiently associates in vivo with ikk and induces ikk activation. Akt mediates ikkalfa phosphorylation at threonine 23.Akt phosphorylates ikkalpha on t23, and this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of p65 at s534 by ikkalpha and beta" SIGNOR-217463 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268935 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257926 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser513 GEDEESEsD -1 9045708 t llicata "Purified CKI and CKII phosphorylate the wild-type carboxyl terminus of VMAT2, but not a double mutant with both serines 512 and 514 replaced by alanine. The protein kinase inhibitor CKI-7 and unlabeled GTP both block in vitro phosphorylation by cell homogenates, indicating a role for CKII and possibly CKI in vivo. Both kinases phosphorylate the VMAT2 fusion protein to a much greater extent than a similar fusion protein containing the carboxyl terminus of VMAT1, consistent with differential phosphorylation of the two transporters observed in intact cells. " SIGNOR-250793 Viral_dsRNA stimulus SIGNOR-ST21 SIGNOR DDX1 protein Q92499 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 21703541 f miannu "We demonstrated here that DDX1-DDX21-DHX36 represents a dsRNA sensor that uses the adaptor molecule TRIF to activate the NF-κB pathway and type I IFN responses in dendritic cells. Our study suggests that the DDX1-DDX21-DHX36 complex represents this missing poly I:C sensor, which uses DDX1 to bind poly I:C and uses DDX21 and DXH36 to bind TRIF. Poly I:C is a synthetic form of RNA that mimics double-stranded viral RNA." SIGNOR-260190 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 93934 BTO:0000475 17431006 t lperfetto "One such gene was identified, encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), which showed 24-h changes in expression in the F1 follicle coinciding with those of Per2. Evidence that StAR gene expression is clock driven was obtained by showing that its 5' flanking region contains E-box enhancers that bind to CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimers to activate gene transcription" SIGNOR-253700 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10698680 f acerquone "Pkb is activated through recruitment to cellular membranes by pi3k lipid products and phosphorylation by 3h-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (pdk1)" SIGNOR-75376 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1609 LGPYEAVtPLTKAAD -1 24703952 t lperfetto "Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |phosphorylation of T1609 is likely to be mediated by p38 MAPK" SIGNOR-264447 MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT RAN protein P62826 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 26304119 t Monia "MYCBP2 Is a Nuclear GEF for Ran in DRG Neurons—Next, we studied whether or not MYCBP2 modulates the interaction between Ran/RanGAP1. MYCBP2 contains an N-terminal RCC1-like domain (Fig. 8C) (13), and RCC1 is a known GEF for Ran, indicating a potential functional interaction between MYCBP2 and Ran." SIGNOR-261204 LMX1A protein Q8TE12 UNIPROT NLI/Lmx1.1/Isl1 complex SIGNOR-C103 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9452425 t lperfetto "Interactions between LIM transcription factors were also evaluated in vivo. Cotransfected FLAG-Lmx1.1 and HA-Isl1 were capable of interacting. the NLI-dependent interaction observed between Isl1 and Lmx1.1 is likely to represent a physiologically significant complex found in the endocrine cells of the pancreas." SIGNOR-236812 CD27 protein P26842 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 12324477 f gcesareni "Cd40 ligation up-regulated bcl-2 and bcl-xl as much as 9.7- (p < 0.01) and 6.8-fold (p < 0.01), respectively (fig. 2, b and c). Under similar conditions, cd27 ligation also up-regulated bcl-2 and bcl-xl as much as 5.0- (p < 0.01) and 3.9-fold (p < 0.01), respectively." SIGNOR-93320 HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256920 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258442 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT REPS2 protein Q8NFH8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser463 RPRSRSYsSTSIEEA 10029 10764745 t miannu "Phosphorylation of POB1 and Epsin by p34cdc2 kinase. Their phosphorylation sites (Ser411 of POB1 and Ser357 of Epsin) were determined. Phosphorylated Epsin and EpsinS357D formed a complex with α-adaptin less efficiently than wild type Epsin." SIGNOR-262724 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT WAC protein Q9BTA9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr471 PIKPLIStPPVSSQP 9606 BTO:0000567 30021153 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) phosphorylates WAC, priming its direct interaction with the polo-box domain of Plk1. Knockdown of WAC compromises Plk1 activity and delays mitotic entry." SIGNOR-265034 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser92 VAELTSLsDEDSGKG 9606 19923321 t lperfetto "Serines 11 and 92 participate in the control of snail1 stability and positively regulate snail1 repressive function and its interaction with msin3a corepressor. Furthermore, serines 11 and 92 are required for snail1-mediated emt and cell viability, respectively. Pka and ck2 have been characterized as the main kinases responsible for in vitro snail1 phosphorylation at serine 11 and 92, respectively." SIGNOR-161775 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT RPL5 protein P46777 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 18283219 t lperfetto "Here we adapted this strategy to successfully screen for dapk substrates. We report the identification of two substrates, ribosomal protein l5 and mcm3." SIGNOR-160954 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser360 TEMDPTYsPAALPQS 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "Msk1 (mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase) is a kinase activated in cells downstream of both the erk1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) and p38 mapk (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades. In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on thr-581 and ser-360 by erk1/2 or p38, msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites" SIGNOR-130736 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser196 RSLEVWGsQEALEEA 9606 30327428 t "ATR mediated phosphorylation of XPA on S196 enhances cAMP-mediated optimization of NER, and is promoted by SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of XPA on K63, K67 and K215." SIGNOR-258985 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT CARS1 protein P49589 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269416 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr558 LGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 8537411 t lperfetto "This led to the discovery that moesin, a protein which anchors the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, is efficiently phosphorylated by lrrk2, at thr558. Moesin phosphorylation could be essential to support the cytoskeletal changes accompanying this process." SIGNOR-39433 ADCK5 protein Q3MIX3 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 YQPRRRKsVKNGQAE 32277958 t lperfetto "Here we investigated the mechanism of ADCK5 involved in regulating invasion and migration of lung cancer cells, and showed that ADCK5 might regulate the expression of tumor oncogene human pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 (PTTG1) by phosphorylating transcription factor SOX9|Mutagenesis of potential serine phosphorylation sites on SOX9 indicated that serine 181 might be required to maintain transcription activation of SOX9 as well as increase PTTG1 levels." SIGNOR-264567 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 19061640 t gcesareni "In the absence of the wt apc protein, phosphorylated beta-catenin is rapidly dephosphorylated by serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a). phosphorylated beta-catenin associated with the wild-type apc protein is recruited to the scf(beta-trcp) complex, ubiquitin conjugated, and degraded." SIGNOR-182637 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI GUCY1A3-B3 complex SIGNOR-C140 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15036565 t gcesareni "One of the most biologically relevant actions of NO is its binding to the heme moiety in the heterodimeric enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Activation of sGC by NO results in the production of the second messenger molecule, 3€²,5€²-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)" SIGNOR-243967 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser47 EVVGGTDsSMDVFHL 9606 14585975 t llicata "We found that endogenous p73alpha is serine phosphorylated by endogenous chk1 upon dna damage, which is a mechanism required for the apoptotic-inducing function of p73alpha." SIGNOR-118913 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp345 EEWEAQRdSHLGPHR -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261755 SGK2 protein Q9HBY8 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 BTO:0000007 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-252991 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 10373569 t gcesareni "Here we report that, at the onset of differentiation, activation by MyoD of the Rb, p21, and cyclin D3 genes occurs in the absence of new protein synthesis and with the requirement of the p300 transcriptional coactivator." SIGNOR-238526 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT DPPA4 protein Q7L190 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254941 WNT9B protein O14905 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-132114 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT TFF1 protein P04155 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356;BTO:0001033 11244506 f "In addition, BRCA1 blocked the expression of two endogenous estrogen-regulated gene products in human breast cancer cells: pS2 and cathepsin D." SIGNOR-253937 CPT1A protein P50416 UNIPROT Fatty_acid_oxidation phenotype SIGNOR-PH129 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 31900483 f "As the key rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) regulates FAO and facilitates adaptation to the environment, both in health and in disease, including cancer. The CPT1 family of proteins contains 3 isoforms: CPT1A, CPT1B, and CPT1C. This review focuses on CPT1A, the liver isoform that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of converting acyl-coenzyme As into acyl-carnitines, which can then cross membranes to get into the mitochondria" SIGNOR-267757 CDP-diacylglycerol(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58332 ChEBI PGS1 protein Q32NB8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 29034233 t lperfetto "After activation of PA by the CDP-DAG synthase TAMM41 (Kutik et al., 2008), the phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase (PGS1) catalyzes the committed step by converting CDP-DAG to phosphatidylglycerol phosphate (PGP)" SIGNOR-267024 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI SYT1 protein P21579 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 16679567 t miannu "Because synaptotagmins bind SNAP-25 and Ca2+, SNAP-25 has also been linked to the Ca2+ dependence of exocytosis (42). One model suggests that synaptotagmin blocks full SNARE fusion pore formation by binding to t-SNAREs.This interaction prevents fusion from occurring in the absence of calcium. When Ca2+ is present, synaptotagmin releases the t-SNAREs so they can fully zipper with the v-SNARE, leading to fusion" SIGNOR-263976 MYLIP protein Q8WY64 UNIPROT MYLIP protein Q8WY64 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001976 14550572 t miannu "MIR contains, beside the ERM domain, a RING zinc finger region.  The present study shows that the ubiquitin ligase activity of the RING can also be directed towards the protein itself indicating that the degradation of MIR can be regulated by autoubiquitination." SIGNOR-271480 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser318 SRTNSNAsTVSGRLS 9606 20110348 t lperfetto "Casein kinase (ck) 1 mediates the hierarchical phosphorylation of foxo3a at s318 and s321, which like foxo1 (rena et al., 2002 blue right-pointing triangle, 2004 blue right-pointing triangle), is probably to enhance its rate of nuclear export" SIGNOR-252899 GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT GNB/GNG complex SIGNOR-C202 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23994464 t apalma "Instead, our current understanding is that the majority of GPCR signal transduction in neutrophils occurs through the GŒ≤Œ≥ subunit" SIGNOR-255004 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT FNTB protein P49356 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26469958 f lperfetto "In this study, we provided evidence that p53 induces the expression of a group of enzymes of the MVA pathway including 3'-hydroxy-3'-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, MVA kinase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase and farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1, in the human glioblastoma multiforme cell line, U343 cells, and in normal human astrocytes, NHAs." SIGNOR-242353 CLK4 protein Q9HAZ1 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr360 ILKASVDyIRKLQRE 9606 BTO:0002427 35092699 t done miannu "Mechanistically, wild type CLK4 (WT-CLK4) but not kinase-dead CLK4-K189R mutant phosphorylated MITF at Y360. This modification promoted its interaction with E3 ligase COP1 and its K63-linked ubiquitination at K308/K372, leading to sequestosome 1 recognition and autophagic degradation. " SIGNOR-274116 MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr376 DRVKSTAyLSPQELE 9606 BTO:0000007 31230815 t done miannu "TAM kinases phosphorylate MLKL to promote necroptosis. MLKL is then recruited to the plasma membrane, where TAM kinases phosphorylate MLKL at Tyr376 (Figure 5G, step 5), promoting its oligomerization and formation of membrane-rupturing pores that result in necrotic cell death (Figure 5G, step 6)." SIGNOR-274118 AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr376 DRVKSTAyLSPQELE 9606 BTO:0000007 31230815 t done miannu "TAM kinases phosphorylate MLKL to promote necroptosis. MLKL is then recruited to the plasma membrane, where TAM kinases phosphorylate MLKL at Tyr376 (Figure 5G, step 5), promoting its oligomerization and formation of membrane-rupturing pores that result in necrotic cell death (Figure 5G, step 6)." SIGNOR-274119 SHMT1 protein P34896 UNIPROT (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32439610 t lperfetto "Serine catabolism initiated by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) transfers thegamma-carbon amino acid side chain to THF, forming glycine and 5,10-methylene-THF (me-THF) (Fig. 1). The cytosolic (SHMT1) and mitochondrial (SHMT2) isoforms perform the same reactions." SIGNOR-268226 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT SLC4A4 protein Q9Y6R1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 21317537 t miannu "SPAK phosphorylates the transporters to reduce their surface expression and thus their activity and consequently inhibits ductal secretion to stabilize the resting state. PP1 reverses the effect of SPAK. Molecular analysis revealed that the WNK kinases acted as scaffolds to recruit SPAK, which phosphorylated CFTR and NBCe1-B, reducing their cell surface expression." SIGNOR-263133 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253629 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22479394 t "Leads to Furin-cleavage activity" gcesareni "We found that the notch-1-furin interaction is regulated by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-src. c-src and notch-1 are physically associated, and this association is responsible for notch-1 processing and activation" SIGNOR-196824 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 22933625 f apalma "The IL-10-mediated shift in macrophage phenotype in injured muscle may be amplified by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), especially p38 MAPK, through signaling that is antagonized by MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1)." SIGNOR-255447 TYRO3 protein Q06418 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr376 DRVKSTAyLSPQELE 9606 BTO:0000007 31230815 t done miannu "TAM kinases phosphorylate MLKL to promote necroptosis. MLKL is then recruited to the plasma membrane, where TAM kinases phosphorylate MLKL at Tyr376 (Figure 5G, step 5), promoting its oligomerization and formation of membrane-rupturing pores that result in necrotic cell death (Figure 5G, step 6)." SIGNOR-274120 MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT CNR2 protein P34972 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser352 KITPWPDsRDLDLSD 9606 BTO:0000007 "10400664; 36448459" t done miannu "Under hyperglycemic conditions, high glucose induced CB2R internalization in a β-arrestin 2-dependent manner; thereafter, MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like), but not receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 or 3, phosphorylated CB2R at serine 352 and promoted CB2R degradation by ubiquitin modification. CB2R transcriptionally repressed necroptosis through interaction with BACH2; in turn, MLKL formed a negative feedback to phosphorylate CB2R." SIGNOR-274121 CLK3 protein P49761 UNIPROT USP13 protein Q92995 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr708 EPLTMPGyGGAASAG 9606 BTO:0003911 32453420 t done miannu "CLK3 directly phosphorylated USP13 at Y708, which promoted its binding to c-Myc, thereby preventing Fbxl14-mediated c-Myc ubiquitination and activating the transcription of purine metabolic genes." SIGNOR-274122 USP13 protein Q92995 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0006155 27923907 t done miannu " In this study, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase USP13 stabilizes c-Myc by antagonizing FBXL14-mediated ubiquitination to maintain GSC self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. USP13 was preferentially expressed in GSCs, and its depletion potently inhibited GSC proliferation and tumor growth by promoting c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-274124 FBXL14 protein Q8N1E6 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0006155 27923907 t done miannu " In this study, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase USP13 stabilizes c-Myc by antagonizing FBXL14-mediated ubiquitination to maintain GSC self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. USP13 was preferentially expressed in GSCs, and its depletion potently inhibited GSC proliferation and tumor growth by promoting c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-274125 TNK1 protein Q13470 UNIPROT TNK1 protein Q13470 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr277 LGGARGRyVMGGPRP -1 36334623 t done miannu " We found a similar reduction in the levels of phosphorylation of Tyr277, which corresponds to the predicted major site of autophosphorylation within the activation loop of Tnk1 (Fig. 3C). " SIGNOR-274126 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 2861485 t gcesareni "Whereas lef-1 and tcf-4 phosphorylation by nlk (nemo-like kinase) leads to less lef/tcf/beta-catenin complex binding to dna and to lef-1/tcf-4 degradation" SIGNOR-24147 APC protein P25054 UNIPROT SCF(TBL1) complex SIGNOR-C533 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "Upon UV-induced DNA damage, beta-catenin is recruited for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation by a unique, p53-induced SCF-like complex (SCF(TBL1)), comprised of Siah-1, Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1, transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). " SIGNOR-271949 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr463 MLAGVSEyELPEDPR 10116 BTO:0002809;BTO:0001009 8622701 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of six additional autophosphorylation sites (y-463, y-583, y-585, y-653, y-654 and y-730) on fgfr1.We have proposed that the role of the third stage of autophosphorylation is to enable the efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of substrate proteins that are physically bound to the receptor molecule by a maximally activated fgfr1" SIGNOR-236179 PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10487978 t "Phk is among the most complex of the protein kinases so far elucidated. It has one catalytic (gamma) subunit and three different regulatory (alpha, beta, and delta) subunits, a molecular mass of 1.3 X 106 daltons, and each holoenzyme molecule is presumed to contain four molecules of each subunit. The three regulatory subunits inhibit the phosphotransferase activity of the gamma subunit." SIGNOR-267405 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 BTO:0001271 12835716 t lperfetto "Pka, ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase iv (camkiv), msk, p70s6k and rsk phosphorylate creb. All these kinases target CREB on S133 to activate CREB." SIGNOR-102722 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR GAS2 protein O43903 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage Asp278 MLQISRVdGKTSPIQ 9606 10564664 t gcesareni "We now demonstrate that gas2 is a substrate of caspase-3 but not of caspase-6. Proteolytic processing both in vitro and in vivo is dependent on aspartic residue 279." SIGNOR-256439 EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT Translational_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH202 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30082469 f gianni "… several key regulators of nervous system translation, including eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), the mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). These pathways regulate the overall rate of protein synthesis in neurons and have selective effects on the translation of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs" SIGNOR-268628 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 t lperfetto "Sirt1 inhibited foxo3's ability to induce cell death." SIGNOR-122408 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser163 KRFSFKKsFKLSGFS 9606 16116087 t llicata "The present experiments demonstrate that ptn stimulates phosphorylation of serines 713 and 726 in the marcks domain of _-adducin (and serine 724 in _-adducin) and serines 152 and 156 in the marcks protein itself through the activation of either pkc _ or _ and perhaps other pkc(s) isoforms." SIGNOR-139910 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 9534 BTO:0004055 16291744 t "The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key regulator of cell migration. Phosphorylation at Tyr-397 activates FAK |The dephosphorylation at Tyr-397 in FAK triggered by wild-type alpha-actinin and PTP 1B caused a significant increase in cell migration." SIGNOR-248431 (+)-pilocarpine chemical CHEBI:8207 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258627 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser129 ICPSLPYsPVSSPQS 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-198122 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser338 RPRGQRDsSYYWEIE 9606 18775988 t gcesareni "P21-activated protein kinases (paks) are serine/threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate raf-1 at ser-338 and ser-339." SIGNOR-180808 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser268 LPPGLSAsPQPSSVA 10090 BTO:0002284 19833727 t "We show that glucose levels modulate PDX1 protein phosphorylation at a novel C-terminal GSK3 consensus that maps to serines 268 and 272. A decrease in glucose levels triggers increased turnover of the PDX1 protein in a GSK3-dependent manner, such that PDX1 phosphomutants are refractory to the destabilizing effect of low glucose" SIGNOR-255566 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr277 GSRTAPYtPNLPHHQ 9606 12801888 t llicata "Our results suggest that map kinase can phosphorylate thr276 of smad4 and that phosphorylation can lead to enhanced tgf-beta-induced nuclear accumulation and, as a consequence, enhanced transcriptional activity of smad4." SIGNOR-101664 NUAK2 protein Q9H093 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser464 NIPVRSNsFNNPLGN 9606 19927127 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-464 by nuak1 and nuak2 leads to decreased protein level and is required to regulate cellular senescence and cellular ploidy" SIGNOR-161796 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZNF341 protein Q9BYN7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271277 GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257415 MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT MFN1 protein Q8IWA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 20103533 t Barakat "MARCH5, a mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been identified as a molecule that binds mitochondrial fission 1 protein (hFis1), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), key proteins in the control of mitochondrial fission and fusion.|Notably, a significant increase in Mfn1 level, but not Mfn2, Drp1 or hFis1 levels, was observed in MARCH5-depleted cells, indicating that Mfn1 is a major ubiquitylation substrate." SIGNOR-274133 SFRP1 protein Q8N474 UNIPROT Wnt proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF40 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 10347172 t gcesareni "Frp inhibits wnt signaling through interactions with wnt and/or formation of nonfunctional complexes with the frizzled receptor. here we demonstrate that frza, a sfrp that is highly expressed in vascular endothelium and a variety of epithelium, specifically binds to wnt-1 protein, but not wnt-5a protein, and modulates wnt-1 signaling." SIGNOR-262527 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu67 LERECMEeKCSFEEA 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263691 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR GDF3 protein Q9NR23 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269250 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17442268 t miannu "In this study, we identified USP7 (also known as HAUSP), which is a member of a family of proteins that cleave polyubiquitin chains and/or ubiquitin precursors, as an interacting protein with Chfr by immunoaffinity purification and mass spectrometry, and their interaction greatly increases the stability of Chfr. In fact, USP7 can remove ubiquitin moiety from the autoubiquitinated Chfr both in vivo and in vitro, which results in the accumulation of Chfr in the cell.  USP7 mediates deubiquitination of Chfr." SIGNOR-271461 CyclinC/CDK19 complex SIGNOR-C544 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273161 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269380 "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269023 ARHGEF9 protein O43307 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 25882190 f miannu "Gephyrin is believed to act as a scaffold at inhibitory synapses, in a manner analogous to that of the prototypic excitatory synaptic scaffold, PSD-95. The best-known function of gephyrin is to bring the inhibitory synaptic receptors and to stabilize them at the inhibitory synapses. gephyrin interacts with NL-2 and collybistin, suggesting that it may be critical for the maturation or maintenance of inhibitory synapses." SIGNOR-264976 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 18838687 t "inferred from 70% family members" "When mitochondrial depolarization is associated with sustained cytosolic Ca(2+) rise, it activates the cytosolic phosphatase calcineurin that normally interacts with Drp1. Calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of Drp1, and in particular of its conserved serine 637, regulates its translocation to mitochondria as substantiated by site directed mutagenesis." SIGNOR-269994 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0003324 25323588 t miannu "Earlier studies found that expression of active Akt increases mitochondrial HK activity and the anti-apoptotic effect of Akt required mitoHK" SIGNOR-267577 MAML3 protein Q96JK9 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 12370315 t gcesareni "We report here the cloning and characterization of two new genes, maml2 and maml3, that also function as transcriptional coactivators for notch receptors." SIGNOR-254323 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr581 PDNQPLKtPCFTLHY 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "Msk1 (mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase) is a kinase activated in cells downstream of both the erk1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) and p38 mapk (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades. In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on thr-581 and ser-360 by erk1/2 or p38, msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites" SIGNOR-131375 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "episterol ester" smallmolecule CHEBI:52393 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19126760 t miannu "After biosynthesis, 2-AG is partially degraded by postsynaptic COX-2, and partly released to the extracellular space.¬†" SIGNOR-264270 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DROSHA protein Q9NRR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser300 RHRDNRRsPSLERSY -1 25699712 t lperfetto "Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of Drosha at multiple sites including S300 promotes its translocation to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, GSK3beta can phosphorylate Drosha at S300 and S302 in vitro. This has been reported to promote the nuclear localization of Drosha under basal condition (Tang et al., 2011). Thus, it appears that phosphorylation of S300 by GSK3beta and p38 MAPK is involved in opposing processes. " SIGNOR-264845 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser688 QFHSPVGsPLKSIQA 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3. All four sites are followed by a proline residue. We have shown that purified cyclin b-cdk1 (cyclindependent kinase 1) phosphorylates these sitesalanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase." SIGNOR-216801 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 19058965 t Luana "Tazarotene and its analogue 8 are RAR-β,γ selective acetylenic retinoids, whereas analogue 9 is very active on the three subtypes. " SIGNOR-258137 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 17299140 t lperfetto "Taken together, our data indicate that TAK1 and TAB1 play a pivotal role as upstream signal transducers activating the MKK3-p38 MAPK signaling cascade that leads to the induction of type I collagen expression by TGF-beta(1). In addition, our findings also suggest that TAK1 has a novel function in regulation of the steady-state protein levels of MKK3 and p38 MAPK." SIGNOR-42402 OMA1 protein Q96E52 UNIPROT OPA1 protein O60313 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0003298 29748581 t Barakat "YME1L cleaves OPA1 at S2 and S3 site to transform into L-OPA1 to induce fusion when cells are faced with increased oxidative phosphorylation, whereas OMA1 cleaves OPA1 at an S1 site to transform into S-OPA1, resulting in the fragmented response to cellular stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or deletion of YME1L" SIGNOR-274139 YME1L1 protein Q96TA2 UNIPROT OPA1 protein O60313 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0003298 29748581 t Barakat "YME1L cleaves OPA1 at S2 and S3 site to transform into L-OPA1 to induce fusion when cells are faced with increased oxidative phosphorylation, whereas OMA1 cleaves OPA1 at an S1 site to transform into S-OPA1, resulting in the fragmented response to cellular stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or deletion of YME1L" SIGNOR-274140 DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr493 LGADDSYyTARSAGK 9606 BTO:0000661 34960191 t Barakat "Immunoblot analysis showed that phosphorylation of the activating ZAP70 kinase domain residue Tyr 493 was decreased in the DLG1 KD cells. Similarly, the Tyr 319 residue of ZAP70 and Tyr 83 residue of TCR- ζ also showed reduced phosphorylation." SIGNOR-274142 DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 17187070 t Barakat "Dlgh1 immunoprecipitates were specifically enriched for activated p38 phosphorylated at Thr180 and Tyr182; phosphorylated p38 was not detected in the unbound fraction from stimulated samples" SIGNOR-274143 ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT RAB13 protein P51153 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 29274743 t miannu "Neurite growth-related genes such as Trkb, Bdnf, Gap43, Coronin 1B, and Rab13 are downregulated in ANKRD11-deficient neurons. " SIGNOR-266738 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT FCAR protein P24071 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser284 LTFARTPsVCK -1 30766540 t lperfetto "Furthermore, FcalphaRI activation is induced by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) after it dephosphorylates a single serine residue (S263) in the FcalphaRI intracellular tail" SIGNOR-264858 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser212 SSAGWKNsIRHNLSL 9606 18394876 t gcesareni "Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity. The other major signaling modules that directly regulate the activity of the foxo factors include the stress-activated jun-n-terminal kinase (jnk), the mammalian ortholog of the ste20-like protein kinase (mst1), and the deacetylase sirt1." SIGNOR-178186 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258003 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF3 protein Q86UD3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271246 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT PDGFC protein Q9NRA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0001685 15247255 f "The PDGF family of ligands is comprised of A, B, C, and D chains. Here, we provide the first functional characterization of the PDGF-C promoter. We examined 797 bp of the human PDGF-C promoter and identified several putative recognition elements for Sp1, Ets Egr-1, and Smad.|These findings thus demonstrate that PDGF-C transcription, activated by FGF-2, is mediated by Egr-1 and its upstream kinase ERK.|Egr-1 and Sp1 specifically bind the PDGF-C promoter" SIGNOR-254272 2-(2-chloro-4-iodoanilino)-N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3,4-difluorobenzamide chemical CHEBI:91353 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258203 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser379 DLILNRCsESTKRKL 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89178 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser151 DVSPYSLsPVSNKSQ BTO:0000007 12560341 t llicata " A nuclear localization signal conserved in various species was identified in CDH1, and it sufficiently targets green fluorescent protein to the nucleus. Interestingly, a CDH1-4D mutant mimicking the hyperphosphorylated form was constitutively found in the cytoplasm. In further support of the notion that phosphorylation inhibits nuclear import, the nuclear localization signal of CDH1 with two phospho-accepting serine/threonine residues changed into aspartates was unable to drive heterologous protein into the nucleus. " SIGNOR-250732 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 21071439 t lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-217574 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000142 17584923 f Luana "These findings, together with studies in Aplysia and Drosophila, strongly suggest that CREB is an evolutionary conserved component of the molecular cascade of events leading to memory consolidation." SIGNOR-265773 GAS7 protein O60861 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23840221 f miannu "Downregulation of gas7 using short-hairpin rna decreased the expression of runx2, a master regulator of osteogenesis, and its target genes (alkaline phosphatase, type i collagen, osteocalcin, and osteopontin)." SIGNOR-202242 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser477 PQFSYSAsGTA 9606 BTO:0000093 24670654 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of S477 and T479 at the Akt extreme carboxy terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A or mTORC2, under distinct physiological conditions, promotes Akt activation through facilitating, or functionally compensating for, S473 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252450 IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT BCL10 protein O95999 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14695475 t Barakat "Here we show that Bcl10 targets NEMO for lysine-63-linked ubiquitination. Notably, a mutant form of NEMO that cannot be ubiquitinated inhibited Bcl10-induced NF-κB activation." SIGNOR-274149 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser396 TAVHKSKsLKDLVSA 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21459323 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that ampk interacts with and directly phosphorylates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (srebp-1c and -2). Ser372" SIGNOR-173031 SSH3 protein Q8TE77 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 14531860 t "Differential activities, subcellular distribution and tissue expression patterns of three members of Slingshot family phosphatases that dephosphorylate cofilin.|Cofilin, a key regulator of actin filament dynamics, is inactivated by phosphorylation at Ser-3 by LIM-kinases and is reactivated by dephosphorylation by a family of protein phosphatases, termed Slingshot (SSH)." SIGNOR-248759 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI AANAT protein Q16613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 22775292 t miannu "Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of human N-acetyl serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), the last enzyme of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway. Melatonin synthesis requires serotonin, which is first acetylated by the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) to produce N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) (Fig. 1A). Then, acetyl serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT, also known as hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase or HIOMT) produces melatonin by transferring a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to NAS." SIGNOR-265477 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 11120745 t "Collectively these results indicate that H-Ras up-regulates the glut1 promoter, at least in part, by increasing HIF-1alpha protein levels leading to transactivation of promoter through the HIF-1 binding site." SIGNOR-267478 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser101 DLTATQLsQGANGWQ 9606 18619531 t llicata "Thus, phosphorylation of ser-101 on sp1 is a general response to dna damage, dependent on both atm and atr." SIGNOR-179435 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser212 SSAGWKNsIRHNLSL 9606 BTO:0000782 BTO:0001253 22898666 t gcesareni "Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity. The other major signaling modules that directly regulate the activity of the foxo factors include the stress-activated jun-n-terminal kinase (jnk), the mammalian ortholog of the ste20-like protein kinase (mst1), and the deacetylase sirt1." SIGNOR-191847 MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT A2M protein P01023 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly702 YEMHGPEgLRVGFYE -1 9344465 t lperfetto "The complex formation was confirmed by the use of 125I-labeled matrix metalloproteinase-2. The cleavage sites in the ""bait"" regions following formation of high-molecular-weight complexes of matrix metalloproteinases with the alpha-macroglobulins were determined by protein sequence analysis. Pregnancy zone protein was cleaved at Thr693-Tyr694 and alpha2-macroglobulin at Gly679-Leu680 and Arg696-Leu697 by matrix metalloproteinase-2. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 cleaved alpha2-macroglobulin at the same site as matrix metalloproteinase-2, but cleavage of pregnancy zone protein was at Leu753-Ser754.|MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261781 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr24 LPRPRSCtWPLPRPE -1 BTO:0000318 10377430 t lperfetto "Here we show that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase by extracellular growth factors induces phosphorylation, nuclear export, and transcriptional inactivation of FKHR1, a member of the FKHR subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a key mediator of PI3 kinase signal transduction, phosphorylated recombinant FKHR1 in vitro at threonine-24 and serine-253. Mutants FKHR1(T24A), FKHR1(S253A), and FKHR1(T24A/S253A) were resistant to both PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation and PI3 kinase-stimulated nuclear export." SIGNOR-252347 UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 22884692 t miannu "Here, we show that TRIP12 and UBR5, two HECT domain ubiquitin E3 ligases, control accumulation of RNF168, a rate-limiting component of a pathway that ubiquitylates histones after DNA breakage. We find that RNF168 can be saturated by increasing amounts of DSBs. Depletion of TRIP12 and UBR5 allows accumulation of RNF168 to supraphysiological levels, followed by massive spreading of ubiquitin conjugates and hyperaccumulation of ubiquitin-regulated genome caretakers such as 53BP1 and BRCA1." SIGNOR-266782 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr583 RRPPGLEyCYNPSHN 10116 BTO:0002809;BTO:0001009 8622701 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of six additional autophosphorylation sites (y-463, y-583, y-585, y-653, y-654 and y-730) on fgfr1.We have proposed that the role of the third stage of autophosphorylation is to enable the efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of substrate proteins that are physically bound to the receptor molecule by a maximally activated fgfr1" SIGNOR-236183 DNAH10 protein Q8IVF4 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000667 31836722 f miannu "Epidermal expression of axonemal dynein heavy chain 10 (DNAH10) was increased 20-fold in samples having had regenerating dermis vs control. Our results associate DNAH10 expression with cell proliferation and inflammation as well as with the epidermal memory resulting from the previous regenerative signals of dermis." SIGNOR-265550 WNT4 protein P56705 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 9753670 f gcesareni "Wnt4, wnt5a and wnt6 exert an intermediate effect activating both myf5 and myod equivalently in paraxial mesoderm." SIGNOR-60373 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 PRKQLSESSDDDYDD 9606 BTO:0000661 17353368 t Barakat "The serine/threonine kinase HPK-1 phosphorylates serine 376 of SLP-76 and induces the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins" SIGNOR-274153 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PPP1R9B protein Q96SB3 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser15 GPGGPLRsASPHRSA 9606 15728359 t lperfetto "We have identified three sites phosphorylated by ERK2 (Ser-15 and Ser-205) and cyclin-dependent PK 5 (Cdk5) (Ser-17), within the actin-binding domain of spinophilin." SIGNOR-249435 BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C29 7673243 t acerquone "We have isolated a cdna encoding a novel transmembrane serine/threonine kinase from human skin fibroblasts which we demonstrate here to be a type ii receptor that binds bmp-4. This receptor (brk-3) is distantly related to other known type ii receptors and is distinguished from them by an extremely long carboxyl-terminal sequence following the intracellular kinase domain." SIGNOR-30697 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 30759871 f miannu "The KDM4 family of Jumonj domain histone demethylases specifically target di- and tri-methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), removing a modification central to defining heterochromatin and gene repression. KDM4 enzymes are generally over-expressed in cancers, making them compelling targets for study and therapeutic inhibition. One of these family members, KDM4B, is especially interesting due to its regulation by multiple cellular stimuli, including DNA damage, steroid hormones, and hypoxia." SIGNOR-263736 "D1-D2-G-X3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C301 SIGNOR CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 23438602 f lperfetto "Interestingly, as with ATM (40, 41), XRCC3-deficient cells exhibited RDS and impaired CHK2 activation|Notably, early activation of CHK2 in S/G2 phase was downstream of XRCC3 recruitment as well as its phosphorylation at the sites of DSBs. NBS1 also has been shown to be involved in the early activation of CHK2 in response to IR (42). It is likely that NBS1-dependent CHK2 phosphorylation is mediated through XRCC3 activation." SIGNOR-263262 PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" "chemical modification" 9606 25406093 t lperfetto "PHDGH catalyzes the first reaction of de novo serine biosynthesis, producing 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate by NAD+-coupled oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG).|The PHGDH reaction is reversible and, under standard conditions, thermodynamically favors the direction from 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to 3PG." SIGNOR-268567 SH3GL3 protein Q99963 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25517094 f miannu "Endocytosis is required for internalization of micronutrients and turnover of membrane components. Endophilin has been assigned as a component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-263884 AMPD1 protein P23109 UNIPROT IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001103 1631143 t miannu "AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6) is encoded by a multigene family in mammals. The AMPD1 gene is expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle, where this enzyme is thought to play an important role in energy metabolism. AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6), an enzyme that catalyzes deamination of AMP to IMP, and the purine nucleotide cycle, of which AMPD is one component, play a central role in purine nucleotide interconversion in eukaryotic cells." SIGNOR-269773 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BMF protein Q96LC9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 12591950 t miannu "Activated JNK causes BimL and Bmf phosphorylation in vivo. It is known that UV radiation causes the release of Bim and Bmf from dynein and myosin V motor complexes and that these proteins cause Bax/Bak-dependent apoptosis . The results of this study demonstrate that JNK can engage this apoptotic pathway by phosphorylation of BH3-only proteins, including Bim and Bmf." SIGNOR-250116 RHAG protein Q02094 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266020 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10976919 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr)." SIGNOR-270292 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9188852 f gcesareni "Our results suggest that this activation may involve at least two myc-dependent steps: the induction of cyclin e gene transcription followed by accumulation of cyclin e mrna in a protein synthesis-independent manner and the p27(kip1) association with cyce/cdk2 complexes containing newly synthesised cyce." SIGNOR-49130 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr398 SQFTKYWtESNGVES 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-141026 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24379783 t lperfetto "Electrons flow from the C-terminal reductase domain of one NOS monomer to the N-terminal oxygenase domain of the other NOS monomer (Siddhanta et al., 1998). The primary mode of enzyme activation is the binding of calcium-bound calmodulin to the N-terminal CaM-binding domain. This facilitates a structure change and the flow of electrons from NADPH through the flavins to the oxygenase domain of the other eNOS monomer" SIGNOR-251615 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT SFTPB protein P07988 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004299 18003659 f miannu "TGF-beta represses transcription of pulmonary surfactant protein-B gene in lung epithelial cells. Repression is mediated by SMAD3 through interactions with NKX2.1 and FOXA1, two key transcription factors that are positive regulators of SpB transcription." SIGNOR-254171 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser18 SPADDSLsNSEEEPD 9606 21559372 t llicata "Further investigation revealed that il-6 stabilizes twist in scchn cell lines through casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation of twist residues s18 and s20, and that this phosphorylation inhibits degradation of twist." SIGNOR-173668 AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 20513444 t "Amphiregulin is an autocrine growth factor" lperfetto "Remarkably, three members of the epidermal growth factor (egf) family (ereg, areg, and epgn) showed increased expression that was associated with elevated epidermal activation of the egf receptor (egfr) and stat3, a downstream effector of egfr signaling." SIGNOR-236356 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT FLCN protein Q8NFG4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t "Here we show that the stability of the tumour suppressor folliculin (FLCN) depends on the chaperone function of Hsp90." SIGNOR-256505 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15356291 f miannu "Mutation analysis indicated that the MEF2 site contributed to the activation of the CPT1beta promoter by PPAR in C2C12 cells. The reporter construct containing the PPRE and the MEF2C site was synergistically activated by co-expression of PPAR, retinoid X receptor (RXR) and MEF2C in non-muscle cells. Moreover, protein-binding assays demonstrated that MEF2C and PPAR specifically bound to one another in vitro. Also for the synergistic activation of the CPT1beta gene promoter by MEF2C and PPARalpha-RXRalpha, a precise arrangement of its binding sites was essential." SIGNOR-254582 NTF4 protein P34130 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7679912 t gcesareni "Its interactions with trkb can be distinguished from those of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) with trkb." SIGNOR-31644 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser40 SREVFDFsQRRKEYE 9606 12198130 t miannu "Phosphorylation of nrf2 at ser-40 by protein kinase c regulates antioxidant response element-mediated transcription / recently we reported evidence for the involvement of protein kinase c (pkc) in phosphorylating nrf2 and triggering its nuclear translocation in response to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-91826 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SPAG5 protein Q96R06 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr978 AEMSIMTtELQSLCS 9606 18055457 t lperfetto "Astrin acts as a substrate for gsk3beta and is phosphorylated at thr-111, thr-937 ((s/t)p motif) and ser-974/thr-978 ((s/t)xxx(s/t)-p motif;p is a phosphorylatable residue). Inhibition of gsk3beta impairs spindle and kinetochore accumulation of astrin and spindle formation at mitosis, suggesting that astrin association with the spindle microtubule and kinetochore may be dependent on phosphorylation by gsk3beta" SIGNOR-159586 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser276 SMQLRRPsDRELSEP 9606 SIGNOR-C13 9660950 t llicata "The transcriptional activity of nf-kappa b is stimulated upon phosphorylation of its p65 subunit on serine 276 by protein kinase a (pka)." SIGNOR-58972 DAMPS stimulus SIGNOR-ST18 SIGNOR "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25720354 f scontino "APCs have several cell surface receptors that facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-267858 silodosin chemical CHEBI:135929 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258450 WDR59 protein Q6PJI9 UNIPROT GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23723239 t miannu "Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5" SIGNOR-255303 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT TNFAIP1 protein Q13829 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19782033 t miannu "BACURDs form ubiquitin ligase complexes, which selectively ubiquitinate RhoA, with Cul3. Our studies reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoA degradation and regulating RhoA function in various biological contexts, which involves a Cul3/BACURD ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-264232 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 8688081 t lperfetto "MAPK activates CREB kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates CREB. Purification, sequencing, and biochemical characterization of CREB kinase revealed that it is identical to a member of the pp90(RSK) family, RSK2. RSK2 was shown to mediate growth factor induction of CREB serine-133 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify a cellular function for RSK2 and define a mechanism whereby growth factor signals mediated by RAS and MAPK are transmitted to the nucleus to activate gene expression" SIGNOR-248951 DEF6 protein Q9H4E7 UNIPROT RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 26483383 t lperfetto "Mechanistic studies revealed that SLAT interacts, through its PH domain, with a key component of inside-out signaling, namely the active form of the small GTPase Rap1 (which has two isoforms, Rap1A and Rap1B). This interaction has been further shown to facilitate the interdependent recruitment of Rap1 and SLAT to the T cell immunological synapse upon TCR engagement. Furthermore, a SLAT mutant lacking its PH domain drastically inhibited LFA-1 activation and CD4(+) T cell adhesion." SIGNOR-253365 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 12441351 t gcesareni "These characteristics along with studies conducted with cell lines genetically deficient in various adams (for a disintegrin and metalloprotease) identified tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (tace)/adam 17 as a muc1 sheddase." SIGNOR-95630 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT ARHGEF7 protein Q14155 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr127 KVLSSLVtLNKVTAD 9606 21048939 t gcesareni "Arhgef7 is interacting with lrrk2 in vitro and in vivo. Lrrk2 phosphorylates arhgef7 in vitro.Two Threonine residues, t107 and t143, within the arhgef7 n-terminus were identified with high confidence" SIGNOR-169221 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 GAPPRRSsIRNAHSI 9606 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89260 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val48 KVDGTSHvTGKGVTV -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263598 STRN4 protein Q9NRL3 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 29802198 t miannu "The striatin family proteins interact with the structural (A) and catalytic (C) subunits of the protein phosphatase, PP2A, and are also termed the B‴ family of PP2A subunits (4). Within heterotrimeric PP2A complexes, striatins function as one of many regulatory B subunits thought to be responsible for substrate selection and localization of PP2A isoforms" SIGNOR-261697 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser543 SIADMDFsALLSQIS 9606 10938077 t llicata "We demonstrate that casein kinase II (CKII) interacts with p65 in vivo and can phosphorylate p65 at serine 529 in vitro. A CKII inhibitor (PD144795) inhibited TNFalpha-induced p65 phosphorylation in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicate that the association between IkappaBalpha and p65 inhibits p65 phosphorylation by CKII and that degradation of IkappaBalpha allows CKII to phosphorylate p65 to increase NF-kappaB transactivation potential. " SIGNOR-250942 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23863160 t lperfetto "Under energy deprivation, AMPK positively regulates ULK1 to induce autophagy, with various studies revealing that AMPK binds to and phosphorylates ULK1" SIGNOR-209913 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr420 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK -1 9425276 t "Activated Fyn furthermore undergoes autophosphorylation on Tyr30, Tyr39 and Tyr420. Tyr28 This site is also a Fyn autophosphorylation site When Fyn mutants with Tyr28, Tyr30 or Tyr39 replaced with phenylalanine residues were transfected into NIH3T3 cells a decreased activation after PDGF stimulation was seen, suggesting a functional importance of the N-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of Fyn." SIGNOR-251167 PTGFR protein P43088 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257082 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr66 CERSGQRtASVLWPW 9534 BTO:0001538 12138165 t "T66E mutations interfered with the ability of IRAK to autophosphorylate. Thr-66 mutations abolished the capacity of IRAK to dimerize." SIGNOR-251327 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr180 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9606 7535770 t gcesareni "Dually phosphorylated on thr-180 and tyr-182 by the map2ks map2k3/mkk3, map2k4/mkk4 and map2k6/mkk6 in response to inflammatory citokines, environmental stress or growth factors, which activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-28059 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr494 TPLHRDKtPLHQKHA 9606 SIGNOR-C83 9840932 t lperfetto "The cell-cycle regulated transcription factor b-myb is phosphorylated by cyclin a/cdk2 at sites that enhance its transactivation properties. we show that b-myb is phosphorylated at thr447, thr490, thr497 and ser581 by cyclin a/cdk4" SIGNOR-62365 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 8755651 t scontino "Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DII), which catalyzes deiodination of thyroxine (T4) exclusively on the outer ring (5‚Äô-position) to yield T3" SIGNOR-266948 NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT CYP3A4 protein P08684 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000003 18540626 f miannu "Among approximately 40 kinds of phytochemicals, tangeretin and ginkgolides A and B markedly induced the PXR-dependent transcriptional activity and also the activity of the human MDR1 promoter. The expression levels of MDR1 mRNA as well as of CYP3A4 mRNA, another gene regulated by PXR, were significantly increased by these phytochemicals." SIGNOR-254835 BCL11A protein Q9H165 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20712774 f Regulation miannu "BCL11A maintains silencing of gamma-globin expression in adult erythroid cells and functions as a direct transcriptional regulator of the fetal to adult hemoglobin switch in humans. we found that BCL11A plays a central role in the evolutionarily divergent globin gene switches of mammals. As a factor critical for gamma-globin gene silencing, BCL11A should be considered as a therapeutic target to increase HbF in a directed manner in beta-thalassemia patients." SIGNOR-251775 PELP1 protein Q8IZL8 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18682536 t gcesareni "MNAR functionally interacts with both NH2- and COOH-terminal GR domains to modulate transactivation" SIGNOR-251681 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20584981 f fspada "Bmp7 could directly suppress pref-1 expression, thereby allowing the initiation of the adipogenic program. " SIGNOR-210074 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22801494 t miannu "Here we identify a role for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR, also known as EIF2AK2) in inflammasome activation. PKR physically interacts with several inflammasome components, including NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), NLRP1, NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and broadly regulates inflammasome activation." SIGNOR-263119 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFB protein Q9Y5Q3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18042454 t miannu "We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity." SIGNOR-159432 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2L6 protein O14933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271353 PSMA2 protein P25787 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263367 F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257301 CyclinC/CDK19 complex SIGNOR-C544 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273162 FZD7 protein O75084 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 23290138 f "Simone Vumbaca" "We observed that overexpression of Fzd7 or stimulation with FN resulted in increased levels of active Rac1 in primary myoblasts" SIGNOR-255647 USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 20736164 t irozzo "USP8 is known to deubiquitinate EGFR in response to ligand stimulation. USP8 depletion accelerates receptor turnover, whereas loss of hepatocyte growth factor-regulated substrate (Hrs) rescues this phenotype, indicating that USP8 protects EGFR from degradation via an Hrs-dependent pathway. [..]As EGFR stabilization against lysosomal turnover requires deubiquitination by USP8." SIGNOR-259102 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR DSCAML1 protein Q8TD84 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 t miannu "γ‐secretase‐mediated intra‐membrane cleavage of DSCAM receptors results in the release of the DSCAM ICD, which is likely proceeded by shedding of the DSCAM ectodomain. Interaction of IPO5 with the NLS of DSCAM then leads to importin‐mediated nuclear import of the DSCAM ICD. In the nucleus, the DSCAM ICD may regulate the transcription of genes involved in neuronal development and function, thereby regulating processes such as neurite outgrowth, branching, and repulsion, as well as synapse formation, axon guidance, and neuronal cell death and survival." SIGNOR-264272 FBXO7 protein Q9Y3I1 UNIPROT SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15145941 t miannu "We show here that Fbx7, an F-box protein without WD repeats and leucine-rich repeats, is required for the proteasome-mediated proteolysis of the hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP).Thus, Fbx7 is a functional adaptor of the SCF complex with a proline-rich region as the substrate-binding module. Depletion of Fbx7 by small interfering RNA leads to depression of HURP ubiquitination and accumulation of HURP abundance. In the SCFFbx7 complex, Fbx7 recruits HURP through its C-terminal proline-rich region in a Cdk1-cyclin B-phosphorylation dependent manner." SIGNOR-271507 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT HOMER3 protein Q9NSC5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser176 ERLKKMLsEGSVGEV -1 18480293 t miannu "Homer3 is phosphorylated at Ser120, Ser159, and Ser176 by CaMKII in vitro. Homer3 phosphorylation reduces its affinity for target molecules and modulates the Ca2+ signaling patterns induced by mGluR1α activation" SIGNOR-262686 RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262088 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10790373 t miannu " Biochemical studies showed that Skp2 interacts specifically with cyclin E and thereby promotes its ubiquitylation and degradation both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that specific degradation of cyclin E and p27(Kip1) is mediated by the SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligase complex, and that Skp2 may control chromosome replication and centrosome duplication by determining the abundance of cell cycle regulators. Skp2 was associated with Cul1, but not Cul3." SIGNOR-272567 SEC24A protein O95486 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265295 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262263 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12782654 f lperfetto "It was shown recently that akt activates mtor through direct phosphorylation of tsc2 the serine/threonine kinase akt is an upstream positive regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor). However, the mechanism by which akt activates mtor is not fully understood. The known pathway by which akt activates mtor is via direct phosphorylation and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (tsc2), which is a negative regulator of mtor." SIGNOR-244314 CyclinC/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C545 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273164 NAA15 protein Q9BXJ9 UNIPROT NatA complex SIGNOR-C415 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15496142 t miannu "Protein acetyltransferases and deacetylases have been implicated in oncogenesis, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Most of the protein acetyltransferases described acetylate epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues within proteins. We now describe the human homologue of Nat1p, NATH (NAT human), as the partner of the hARD1 (human ARD1) protein. Included in the characterization of the NATH and hARD1 proteins is the following: (i) endogenous NATH and hARD1 proteins are expressed in human epithelial, glioma and promyelocytic cell lines; (ii) NATH and hARD1 form a stable complex, as investigated by reciprocal immunoprecipitations followed by MS analysis; (iii) NATH-hARD1 complex expresses N-terminal acetylation activity; (iv) NATH and hARD1 interact with ribosomal subunits, indicating a co-translational acetyltransferase function" SIGNOR-267225 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 6153132 f lperfetto "The human and rat OT promoters could be stimulated by the ligand-activated estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, the thyroid hormone receptor THRapha, and the retinoic acid receptors RARalpha and RARbeta in a variety of cells (3, 477, 478). However, it is important to note that these results were obtained from cotransfection experiments in cell lines, i.e., under nonphysiological circumstances." SIGNOR-268547 PRCC protein Q92733 UNIPROT MAD2L2 protein Q9UI95 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 15218244 t miannu "We found that the human papillary renal cell carcinoma-associated proteinprccinteracts with the cell cycle control proteinmad2b, and translocates this protein to the nucleus where it exerts its mitotic checkpoint function." SIGNOR-126516 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PINX1 protein Q96BK5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 ATGKDVEsYLQPKAK 9606 20573420 t lperfetto "Here, we show that polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) is a novel interacting protein of pinx1. Plk1 interacts with and phosphorylates pinx1 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, plk1-mediated phosphorylation of pinx1 at five phosphorylation sites is essential for its plk1-induced degradation." SIGNOR-166325 PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10415025 t fstefani "Lc-ptp dephosphorylated erk2 in vitro. the complex formation of lc-ptp with erk is the essential mechanism for the suppression. Taken collectively, these results indicate that lc-ptp suppresses mitogen-activated protein kinase directly in vivo." SIGNOR-69448 lisuride chemical CHEBI:51164 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258886 WASHC2C protein Q9Y4E1 UNIPROT "WASH complex" complex SIGNOR-C258 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23721880 t lperfetto "The WASH complex is composed of five proteins: KIAA1033 (also known as SWIP), Strumpellin, FAM21, WASH1 and CCDC53." SIGNOR-261016 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR KLC1 protein Q07866 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21385839 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of kinesin light chain 1 at serine 460 modulates binding and trafficking of calsyntenin-1mutation of klc1ser460 to an alanine residue, to preclude phosphorylation, increased the binding of calsyntenin-1, whereas mutation to an aspartate residueklc1ser460 is a predicted mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) target site, and we show that extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylates this residue in vitro." SIGNOR-270072 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18612045 f lperfetto "Transcriptional reporter assays performed in both HepG2 and C2C12 cells demonstrate that the MuRF1 promoter is highly responsive to dexamethasone-activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and FoxO1 individually, while co-overexpression of GR and FoxO1 leads to a dramatic synergistic increase in reporter activity" SIGNOR-235367 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15694340 t gcesareni "Only bimbh3 and bbc3 had comparable strong affinitiesfor all the prosurvival proteins. The members that promote cell survival, including mammalian bcl-2, bcl-xl,bcl-w, mcl-1, and a1." SIGNOR-133814 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser162 FDIVSRGsTADLDGL 9606 19661060 t Manara "We conclude that the serine/threonine kinases PKC and PKA enhance activation of the TRPV4 ion channel by phosphorylation at specific sites and that phosphorylation depends on assembly of PKC and PKA by AKAP79 into a signaling complex with TRPV4." SIGNOR-260886 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr785 NSLISSDyELLSDPT 9606 18250158 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of wt jak3 and y980f/y981f/y785f mutant jak3 is presumably mediated through autophosphorylation at distinct jak3 sites within this model systemhosphorylation of jak3 on y785 has been reported to create a binding site for the adaptor protein sh2b-beta" SIGNOR-160660 Thrombin smallmolecule CHEBI:9574 ChEBI F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257487 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAP1GAP protein P47736 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser499 PFGSRRSsAIGIENI -1 1406653 t miannu "We have localized two of the sites of phosphorylation in vitro by cAMP-dependent kinase to serine residues 490 and 499. raplGAP undergoes phosphorylation at specific sites in vivo, the effects of phosphorylation on raplGAP have remained elusive." SIGNOR-250044 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32446778 f miannu "The up-regulation of the CXCL8 gene expression, could be due to a direct effect of the virus at the cellular level. Indeed, intestinal and lung cells lines infected by SARS-CoV, promptly increase their secretion of CXCL8 [88]. This observation would fit with the notion that the expression of CXCL8 is dependent on the tran-scription factor Activator protein 1 (AP-1), which was shown to bestrongly up-regulated by SARS-CoV" SIGNOR-261029 OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256853 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR NAMPT protein P43490 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19299583 t miannu "Here we report that both the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and levels of NAD+ display circadian oscillations that are regulated by the core clock machinery in mice. Inhibition of NAMPT promotes oscillation of the clock gene Per2 by releasing CLOCK:BMAL1 from suppression by SIRT1. In turn, the circadian transcription factor CLOCK binds to and up-regulates Nampt, thus completing a feedback loop involving NAMPT/NAD+ and SIRT1/CLOCK:BMAL1. Transduction of Clock/Bmal1 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts appeared to up-regulate Nampt expression ∼1.6-fold (Fig. 3E)." SIGNOR-268021 MAST2 protein Q6P0Q8 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15951562 t gcesareni "We further demonstrate that binding of pten to specific pdz domains diminishes its degradation rate and facilitates its phosphorylation by mast kinases. Our results suggest a regulatory role of pdz domain binding on pten function by controlling its stability and phosphorylation status." SIGNOR-138051 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT2 protein P52630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 9020188 t lperfetto "The stat1 and stat2 proteins are present in the cytoplasm of untreated cells;upon stimulation with ifn-?, They become rapidly activated by tyrosine phosphorylation at a single site catalyzed by receptor associated jak (janus) kinases." SIGNOR-88285 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 ANRPRKSsVNGSSAT 22505453 t lperfetto "the polycomb group silencing protein Bmi1 can be phosphorylated by AKT, which enhances its oncogenic potential in PCa. Overexpression of Bmi1 can act in combination with PTEN haploinsufficiency to induce invasive carcinogenic formation in the prostate" SIGNOR-249583 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr79 QPPTGYTtPTAPQAY 9606 19076070 t lperfetto "Here we report that ews and ews-fli1 become phosphorylated at thr79 . but the p38_/p38_ mapks were the major kinases phosphorylating ews-fli1. It will be important to investigate how the p38_/p38_-stimulated phosphorylation of ews-fusion proteins affects their ability to transactivate and their oncogenic potential." SIGNOR-182774 MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257439 SOD3 protein P08294 UNIPROT "hydrogen peroxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16240 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272273 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 t apalma "GSK-3beta activity can be inhibited by Akt phosphorylation (12), which may provide a mechanism for Akt to promote muscle growth through inhibition of the negative regulator GSK-3beta." SIGNOR-255109 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr386 YRARVANyQRDGPMC 9606 12950161 t lperfetto "C-abl and arg phosphorylated catalase at tyr231 and tyr386 in vitrocatalase is a major effector in the defense of aerobic cells against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that catalase activity is stimulated by the c-abl and arg tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-86684 IL6R protein P08887 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23869758 t miannu "On binding of IL-6 to its receptor IL-6R, JAK2 is phosphorylated, then STAT3 is phosphorylated by JAK2" SIGNOR-254405 UMPS protein P11172 UNIPROT "orotidine 5'-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57538 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 2912371 t miannu "Uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase contains two sequential catalytic activities for the synthesis of orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) from orotate (EC 2.4.2.10, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and the decarboxylation of OMP to form UMP (EC 4.1.1.23, OMP decarboxylase)." SIGNOR-267438 CNR2 protein P34972 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256843 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr250 NSCTPITtPELTTPC 9606 20927323 t gcesareni "Moreover, a dephosphorylation assay revealed that pp2a could directly dephosphorylate mnk1 and eif4e." SIGNOR-168310 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17003045 f gcesareni "The ring finger ubiquitin ligase siah2 controls the stability of various substrates involved in stress and hypoxia responses, including the phd3, which controls the stability of hif-1alpha. In the present study we determined the role of siah2 phosphorylation in the regulation of its activity toward phd3. We show that siah2 is subject to phosphorylation by p38 mapk, which increases siah2-mediated degradation of phd3." SIGNOR-149887 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr16 DVSVSVEtQGDDWDT 9606 10806407 t llicata "The in vivo Ser/Thr phosphorylation of HS1 is enhanced by okadaic acid and reduced by specific inhibitors of casein kinase (CK)2. In vitro, HS1 is an excellent substrate for either CK2 alpha subunit alone (Km = 47 nM) or CK2 holoenzyme | It is likely therefore that Thr16 and/or Thr23 account for the phosphate incorporated into HS1 threonyl residue(s) upon incubation with CK2." SIGNOR-250885 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 RQADSEMtGYVVTRW 9606 19230643 t gcesareni "Mapkk6 was shown to phosphorylate and specifically activate the p38/mpk2 sub of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily . the p38 mapkinasekinasemkk6 is identified as a common activator of p38 alpha, p38 beta 2, and p38 gamma mapkinaseisoforms . p38mapks are activated by dual phosphorylation on a t-x-y motif in the activation loop through the action of map kinase kinases" SIGNOR-184134 GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001086 32376282 f miannu "HYDIN promotes expression of Gata4 in cardiomyocyte differentiation. HYDIN functions as a positive regulator of human cardiomyocyte differentiation and promotes expression of cardiac contractile genes in hESC cells. This is mediated through GATA4, a critical transcription factor in heart development. Cardiac-specific Hydin knockdown in vivo leads to Gata4 downregulation and enhanced atrial septal defect (ASD) risk in mice. GATA4 is a fundamental TF in embryonic heart development and cardiac differentiation, and reduction in GATA4 function results in a diverse range of CHDs" SIGNOR-265480 "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI "prostaglandin H2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57405 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 10922363 t Luana "Importantly, this enzyme is capable of converting COX-1-, but not COX-2-, derived PGH2 to PGE2 efficiently." SIGNOR-269767 MICU1 protein Q9BPX6 UNIPROT MCU_MICU3_variant complex SIGNOR-C501 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270871 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser262 TFRPRSSsNASSVST 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-141420 EFNA3 protein P52797 UNIPROT EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "The activation of eph receptors by their ligands, which are membrane-anchored molecules, involves a cell-cell recognition event that often causes cell repulsion. transmembrane ligands for eph receptors also exhibit properties of signal transducing molecules, suggesting that bidirectional signaling occurs when receptor-expressing cells contact ligand-expressing cells." SIGNOR-52312 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253854 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RIOK2 protein Q9BVS4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 PEQIKEDsLSEESAD -1 21880710 t miannu "Here, we report that the atypical protein kinase Rio2 is a novel substrate of Plk1 and can be phosphorylated by Plk1 at Ser-335, Ser-380, and Ser-548. Overexpression of Rio2 causes a prolonged mitotic exit whereas knockdown of Rio2 accelerates mitotic progression, suggesting that Rio2 is required for the proper mitotic progression." SIGNOR-262938 XPO1 protein O14980 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 17891139 t miannu "We identify the major poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated sites of p53 by PARP-1 and find that PARP-1-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation blocks the interaction between p53 and the nuclear export receptor Crm1, resulting in nuclear accumulation of p53. These findings molecularly link PARP-1 and p53 in the DNA-damage response, providing the mechanism for how p53 accumulates in the nucleus in response to DNA damage.|PARP-1 is super-activated by binding to damaged DNA, and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates p53. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation probably induces a structural change that mask the NES, and thus Crm1 can no longer target p53 to the nuclear export machinery, resulting in accumulation of p53 in the nucleus." SIGNOR-260067 (2S)-N1-[5-(2-tert-butyl-4-thiazolyl)-4-methyl-2-thiazolyl]pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91449 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252658 SPTAN1 protein Q13813 UNIPROT "Non-erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C385 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24302288 t lperfetto "Spectrin is a large, cytoskeletal, and heterodimeric protein composed of modular structure of alpha and beta subunits, it typically contains 106 contiguous amino acid sequence motifs called “spectrin repeats”. Spectrin is crucial for maintaining the stability and structure of the cell membrane and the shape of a cell" SIGNOR-266026 NTN3 protein O00634 UNIPROT UNC5 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF98 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268185 MARCHF1 protein Q8TCQ1 UNIPROT HLA-DRB4 protein P13762 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys254 FIYFRNQkGHSGLQP 9606 19117940 t miannu "Two E3 ligases, MARCH I and MARCH VIII, have been shown to polyubiquitinate lysine residue 225 in the cytoplasmic tail of I-Abeta and HLA-DRbeta. We show that lysine residue 219 in the cytoplasmic tail of DRalpha is also subject to polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-271409 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR CCNH protein P51946 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser304 YEDDDYVsKKSKHEE 9606 10993082 t lperfetto "Cdk8 phosphorylates mammalian cyclin h in the vicinity of its functionally unique amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal alpha-helical domains. This phosphorylation represses both the ability of tfiih to activate transcription and its ctd kinase activity" SIGNOR-273141 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29180 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269497 SNRPB protein P14678 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270680 RFC2 protein P35250 UNIPROT "RF-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C375 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12930972 t lperfetto "RF‐C, a complex of five subunits, is conserved in all eukaryotes (reviewed in 5). In yeast, all subunits of RF‐C are essential for viability. The genes encoding all five subunits of mammalian RF‐C (145, 40, 38, 37 and 36 kDa) have been cloned" SIGNOR-265506 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11279155 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "These results demonstrate that egfr-erbb2 oligomers are potent activators of mapk and akt, and this signaling does not require egfr kinase activity" SIGNOR-269876 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser194 QNRSGAMsPMSWNSD 9606 15001534 t gcesareni "The results clearly show that fadd phosphorylation at ser194 affects functions both upstream and downstream of the mekk1/mkk7/jnk1 pathway and is closely associated with chemosensitivity in prostate cancer cells" SIGNOR-123168 "Obatoclax mesylate" chemical CID:46930996 PUBCHEM MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23515850 t lperfetto "Obatoclax and its predecessor analogs bind to BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-w, BCL-B, BFL-1, and MCL-1 in vitro|The ability of obatoclax to inhibit MCL-1 may be particularly important, given that several hematological malignancies appear to depend on this protein for survival, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),44 CLL,44 multiple myeloma,45 and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)" SIGNOR-262025 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr110 RGHAAIDyTQLGLRF 9606 20943948 t llicata "Here, we show that the interaction of noxa1 and tks proteins is dependent on src activity. Interestingly, the abolishment of src-mediated phosphorylation of tyr110 on noxa1 and of tyr508 on tks4 blocks their binding and decreases nox1-dependent ros generation." SIGNOR-168545 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT GLIPR2 protein Q9H4G4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 ILKHSPEsSRGQCGE 9606 BTO:0001370 25544559 t miannu "We found that TIRAP-MyD88 dependent kinase IRAK1 phosphorylated GAPR-1 at Serine 58 site. The phosphorylation of GAPR-1 promoted its interaction with TRAM-TRIF dependent inhibitor TMED7, and impaired TMED7-mediated disruption of the TRAM-TRIF complex to trigger IFN-β and the IL10 secretion." SIGNOR-262887 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1609 LGPYEAVtPLTKAAD -1 24703952 t lperfetto "Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |phosphorylation of T1609 is likely to be mediated by p38 MAPK" SIGNOR-264446 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr305 KLKGAILtTMLATRN 9606 1324926 t lperfetto "After removal of ca2+/calmodulin, the autonomous kinase undergoes a burst of inhibitory autophosphorylation at sites distinct from the autonomy site. Ca(2+)-independent autophosphorylation occurs within the calmodulin binding domain at thr305, thr306, and ser314" SIGNOR-17312 DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257097 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser213 SGAPVKPsPQAAAVE 9606 11110801 t llicata "In vitro phosphorylation of pr with cdk2 has revealed five additional in vitro cdk2 phosphorylation sites: ser(25), ser(213), thr(430), ser(554), and ser(676)." SIGNOR-84984 ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253292 LRSAM1 protein Q6UWE0 UNIPROT TSG101 protein Q99816 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 15256501 t miannu "Tal increases ubiquitylation of Tsg101 and affects its solubility in a RING- and PTAP-dependent manner.  Tal-mediated ubiquitylation of Tsg101 inactivates this sorting function and concomitantly translocates Tsg101 from relatively insoluble membrane subdomains. Presumably, the coordinated action of Tal and a deubiquitylation enzyme (DUB) enables recycling of Tsg101 and reloading of cargo." SIGNOR-271509 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr342 ASEKFAQtVMTSRIV 9606 BTO:0000876 24567333 t lperfetto "We show irak4 autophosphorylation occurs by an intermolecular reaction and that autophosphorylation is required for full catalytic activity of the kinase. Phosphorylation of any two of the residues thr-342, thr-345, and ser-346 is required for full activity" SIGNOR-204657 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr231 NANGEAVyCKFHYKT 9606 12950161 t lperfetto "C-abl and arg phosphorylated catalase at tyr231 and tyr386 in vitrocatalase is a major effector in the defense of aerobic cells against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that catalase activity is stimulated by the c-abl and arg tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-86680 EFNA2 protein O43921 UNIPROT EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "The activation of eph receptors by their ligands, which are membrane-anchored molecules, involves a cell-cell recognition event that often causes cell repulsion." SIGNOR-52206 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser193 GLPERSVsLTGAPES 9606 17177604 t lperfetto "Beta-catenin transcript can be stabilized by either wnt or pi3k-akt signaling activation. Akt phosphorylates ksrp at a unique serine residue akt phosphorylates the mrna decay-promoting factor ksrp at a unique serine residue, induces its association with the multifunctional protein 14-3-3, and prevents ksrp interaction with the exoribonucleolytic complex exosome." SIGNOR-151216 GNGT1 protein P63211 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12507995 t gcesareni "Therefore, we conclude that in vivo, g beta gamma activates pi3k gamma by a mechanism assigning specific roles for both pi3k gamma subunits, i.e., membrane recruitment is mediated via the noncatalytic p101 subunit, and direct stimulation of g beta gamma with p110 gamma contributes to activation of pi3k gamma." SIGNOR-96831 ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15187149 t "We show that the mimetic N-terminal annexin 1 peptide Ac1-25 is able to activate and desensitize not only FPR but also FPRL1 and FPRL2." SIGNOR-259439 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT "AIM2 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C222 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256400 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser186 RQRKRHKsDSISLSF 9606 BTO:0000093 11504915 t lperfetto "Mitogen-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3-kinase) and its downstream target, the akt/pkb serine-threonine kinase, results in phosphorylation of mdm2 on serine 166 and serine 186. Phosphorylation on these sites is necessary for translocation of mdm2 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.. Both akt expression and serum treatment induced phosphorylation of mdm2 at ser186." SIGNOR-109736 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257293 MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 8382796 t lperfetto "Desmin, the muscle specific intermediate filament (IF) protein, is expressed at low levels in myoblasts and at the onset of differentiation its expression increases several fold. In an effort to explore the mechanism involved in the tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression of desmin, we have isolated the mouse desmin gene.Co-transfection of myoD, myogenin, MRF4 and Myf5, with the desmin-CAT construct into 10T-1/2 cells demonstrated that all these factors could transactivate desmin gene expression" SIGNOR-241494 TGFA protein P01135 UNIPROT NKD2 protein Q969F2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18757723 t miannu "Here, we show that Naked2 is a short-lived protein with a half-life of 60 min caused by its rapid ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Overexpression of TGF-alpha stabilizes Naked2 protein in an EGF receptor (EGFR)-independent manner; a physical interaction between the cytoplasmic tail of TGF-alpha and Naked2 is necessary and sufficient for this protection. We have identified a RING finger protein, AO7/RNF25, as a ubiquitin ligase for Naked2, and we have shown that overexpression of TGF-alpha reduces binding of AO7 to Naked2." SIGNOR-271739 "Angiotensin 1-7" protein P01019-PRO_0000420660 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 24168260 f miannu "We hypothesized that the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis protects against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.In summary, our study demonstrate that exogenous Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 overexpression protect against BLM- or AngII-induced pulmonary fibrosis by down-regulating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. However, constant infusion of Ang-(1-7) paradoxically initiates an inflammatory response in the lungs. The antifibrotic effects of Ang-(1-7) noted here make the heptapeptide a strong candidate for a therapeutic target in humans with pulmonary fibrosis." SIGNOR-260447 MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003432 10217414 t lperfetto "Interleukin-1 (il-1) stimulates the association of the il-1 receptor-associated protein kinase (irak) with the heterodimer of il-iri and il-iracp via the adapter protein myd88. Myd88 binds to both irak (il-1 receptor-associated kinase) and the heterocomplex (the signaling complex) of the two receptor chains and thereby mediates the association of irak with the receptor." SIGNOR-67143 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr130 PAQLLCStPNGLDRG 9606 10864927 t lperfetto "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-216769 LPAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF2 SIGNOR GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000944 15856019 t "inferred from 70% family members" milica "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13." SIGNOR-269965 UBE2L3 protein P68036 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "Only UbcH5 and Related Class I E2s Support Ubiquitination of S5a—UbcH5 belongs to the Class I family of E2s which contains a catalytic core (UBC domain) without a distinct Ub binding domain (38). To test whether other Class I E2s can also support ubiquitination of S5a, we assayed the ubiquitination of S5a with UbcH7 and the E3s, Nedd4, or Parkin. With either of these E3s, UbcH7 supported ubiquitination of S5a (Fig. 8, A and B). In addition, another Class I E2, Ubc4, a close homolog of UbcH5, supported ubiquitination of S5a by the APC, a multimeric Ring finger E3 responsible for cell cycle progression through mitosis (39) (Fig. 8C). Thus, multiple Class I E2s can support ubiquitination of S5a by various types of E3s (Table 1)." SIGNOR-272734 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 GSSPSQSsMVARTQT -1 11960013 t "In vitro the IRAK-1 activation loop is a good substrate for IRAK-4, and that T387 and S376 are the main sites of phosphorylation by both IRAK-1 and IRAK-4." SIGNOR-251328 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH6 protein P55285 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265846 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT MINK1 protein Q8N4C8 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16337592 f gcesareni "Mink is activated after ras induction via a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species and mediates stimulation of the stress-activated protein kinase p38 mapk downstream of the raf/erk pathway." SIGNOR-142985 NPRL3 protein Q12980 UNIPROT GATOR1 complex SIGNOR-C192 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23723238 t miannu "Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5" SIGNOR-255282 KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22378047 f lperfetto "IL-4-induced c-Myc activity controls a subset of M2-associated genes. IL-4 also induces the M2-polarizing JMJD3-IRF4 axis to inhibit IRF5-mediated M1 polarization." SIGNOR-249563 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr382 EFDTNYAtDDDIVFE -1 11877451 t llicata "We found that arrestin-3 is constitutively phosphorylated at Thr-382 and becomes dephosphorylated upon beta(2)-adrenergic receptor activation in COS-1 cells. Casein kinase II (CKII) appears to be the major kinase mediating arrestin-3 phosphorylation, since 1) Thr-382 is contained within a canonical consensus sequence for CKII phosphorylation and 2) wild type arrestin-3 but not a T382A mutant is phosphorylated by CKII in vitro. | However, additional analysis reveals that arrestin-3 phosphorylation may regulate formation of a large arrestin-3-containing protein complex." SIGNOR-250829 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271117 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 10882063 t gcesareni "... here we show that an additional processing event occurs in the extracellular part of the receptor, preceding cleavage by the gamma-secretase-like activity. Purification of the activity accounting for this cleavage in vitro shows that it is due to tace (tnfalpha-converting enzyme), a member of the adam (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family of metalloproteases." SIGNOR-254334 IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 22025054 f lperfetto "IRF5 is directly recruited to gene promoters associated with the M1 phenotype (including Il12b), but it represses Il10, probably also by binding to an ISRE in the gene promoter" SIGNOR-249509 MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr161 ASRFHNHtTHMSLVG 9606 15342622 t gcesareni "Ionizing radiation induces mrk autophosphorylation and activation. Within the mrk kinase loop between the dfg (subdomain vii) and ape (subdomain viii) residues, there are three conserved threonine/serine residues (thr161, thr162, and ser165) that are important for activation." SIGNOR-128577 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr249 VEPKTETyVEANMGL 9606 10938283 t miannu "Phosphorylation by mkk4/sek1 had profound effects on the biochemical properties of rxr, inhibiting the expression of genes activated by rxr-retinoic acid receptor complexes. Tyr-249 in the rxr de region was required for the inhibitory effect of mkk4/sek1." SIGNOR-80619 CLASP2 protein O75122 UNIPROT MAPRE1 protein Q15691 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 19638411 t lperfetto "GSK-3beta directly phosphorylates CLASP2 at Ser533 and Ser537 within the region responsible for the IQGAP1 binding. Phosphorylation of CLASP2 results in the dissociation of CLASP2 from IQGAP1, EB1 and microtubules.| CLASPs were originally identified as CLIP-170-interacting proteins and later found to be required for microtubule stabilisation at the cortical regions of epithelial cells" SIGNOR-264829 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000785 16847353 t lperfetto "C-Myc is an important direct target of Notch1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma" SIGNOR-209593 RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11784866 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that the ras effector protein rin1 binds to activated ras with an affinity (k(d), 22 nm) similar to that observed for raf1." SIGNOR-113970 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264303 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 20626350 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." gcesareni "Notably mk2 is well known to play an important role in actin filament remodellng by phosphorylating hsp27." SIGNOR-166637 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR LRSAM1 protein Q6UWE0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271053 KLF10 protein Q13118 UNIPROT SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 11438660 t miannu "detailed biochemical and functional analyses have demonstrated that the TIEG2 _-HRM domain interacts specifically with the PAH2 domain of mSin3A to repress transcription. our data suggest the presence of a conserved _-helical repression motif (_-HRM) in the TIEG and BTEB subfamilies of Sp1-like proteins that mediates transcriptional repression activity through interaction with the corepressor mSin3A." SIGNOR-222394 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NEB protein P20929 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Gsk3b is able to phosphorylate nebulin at two ser sites in the c-terminal region of nebulin localized to the z-disk, thus preventing the interaction of nebulin with neuronal wiscott-aldrich syndrome protein (nwasp), a ubiquitously expressed member of the wasp family, which is involved in actin assembly." SIGNOR-175659 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser321 GLHSTPDsPAKPEKN 9606 24391960 t miannu "These results indicate that Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of S321 inhibits DRD2 function, providing a novel regulatory mechanism for dopamine signaling." SIGNOR-259401 MDGA2 protein Q7Z553 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 26206665 f miannu "MDGA2 acts as a novel tumour suppressor in gastric cancer through inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing G1–S cell cycle transition and inducing cell apoptosis." SIGNOR-264239 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1172 ISLDNPDyQQDFFPK 10090 BTO:0002882 16122376 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "EGFR possesses three major and two minor tyrosine autophosphorylation sites located at Y1068, Y1148, Y1173, and at Y992 and Y1086 respectively. In addition, EGFR Y1114 is preceded by glutamic acid (Figure 1), which should be preferred by the EGFR kinase as indicated in previous work" SIGNOR-236531 NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626542 t miannu "The DGC is potentially recruited to the postsynaptic membrane though a direct neurexin–dystroglycan interaction and an indirect interaction with NL2 via the synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM." SIGNOR-265459 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser211 TLGSPLTsPGGSPGG 9606 BTO:0001131 9630228 t lperfetto "Dominant-negative cki alpha Induces nuclear import of nf-at4 these results demonstrated that the cki alpha Phosphorylation sites identified in vitro were also specifically phosphorylated by cki alpha In vivo, and that these residues were crucial for the masking of the nls of nf-at4." SIGNOR-109763 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8026589 t fspada "G-proteins of the q family have been implicated as mediators of bombesin receptors action. This suggests that nmb-r couples to g?q, and that grp-r and nmb-r show distinct g-protein coupling preferences in the xenopus oocyte." SIGNOR-35864 HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257227 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT FKBP4 protein Q02790 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr143 EFKGEDLtEEEDGGI -1 9405642 t llicata "Thr-143 in the hinge I region was identified as the major phosphorylation site for CK2. | Most importantly, CK2-phosphorylated FKBP52 did not bind to HSP90" SIGNOR-250865 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264920 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Pip3 acts in turn as a docking site for two kinases, phosphoinositidedependent kinase 1 pdk1) and akt, and the subsequent phosphorylation of akt at serine 308 by pdk1, leading to akt activation." SIGNOR-236349 LIG4 protein P49917 UNIPROT "Lig4-Xrcc4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C354 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 19837014 t miannu "The DNA ligase IV-Xrcc4 complex is responsible for the ligation of broken DNA ends in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA double strand break repair in mammals." SIGNOR-264533 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser638 PQCSPQHsPLGAVKS 9606 BTO:0000007 16141410 t "In vitro and in vivo (HEK 293 cells) kinase assays with synthetic peptides and full-length myocardin demonstrated that myocardin was a primed GSK3beta substrate, with serines 455 to 467 and 624 to 636 being the major GSK3beta phosphorylation sites.  GSK3β phosphorylation at the sites identified inhibits myocardin intrinsic transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-251250 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1042 GGMQRKLsVALAFVG 10090 BTO:0000801 12196520 t miannu "Ser-1042 and Ser-2054, located in the nucleotide binding domains of ABCA1, are major phosphorylation sites for PKA. ABCA1 phosphorylation may affect ApoA-I-dependent phospholipid efflux by either altering the conformation of the protein to a more active state or by affecting the interaction between ABCA1 and its partner proteins." SIGNOR-250326 NPPA protein P01160 UNIPROT NPR1 protein P16066 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15911069 t gcesareni "Natriuretic peptide receptor-a (npra) is the biological receptor of the peptide hormones atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) and brain natriuretic peptide (bnp)" SIGNOR-137600 YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 14701738 t miannu "In order to address whether Gem binds specific isoforms of 14-3-3, we determined the coassociation of Gem and 14-3-3 in the neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y. 14-3-3ζ, -γ, -τ, and -β were observed to bind to Gem. 14-3-3-bound Gem has a twofold-longer half-life than nonbound Gem (Fig. ​(Fig.6).6). A similar increase in protein stability following 14-3-3 binding has been described for the Wee1 kinase" SIGNOR-261715 SUMO1 protein P63165 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation Lys490 QCPRKVIkMESEEGK 9534 9756909 t lperfetto "We have shown previously that wild type PML, but not PML-RARalpha, is covalently modified by the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins|We show that Lys65 in the RING finger domain, Lys160 in the B1 Box, and Lys490 in the nuclear localization signal contributes three major sentrinization sites| Furthermore, the triple substitution mutant is localized predominantly to the nucleoplasm, in contrast to wild type PML, which is localized to the nuclear bodies. Thus, sentrinization of PML, in the context of the RING finger and the B1 box, regulates nuclear body formation." SIGNOR-261787 TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys122 SPVEDNEkDLVKLAK -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10)." SIGNOR-272739 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 17251915 t lperfetto "Ep2 can also promote the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) expressed in colon cancer cells through src, which activates the proteolytic release of the egfr ligands amphiregulin (ar) and transforming growth factor-alfa (tgfalfa)125, thereby stimulating the egfr- network." SIGNOR-236537 ULBP2 protein Q9BZM5 UNIPROT KLRK1 protein P26718 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 10894171 t gcesareni "Here we describe a family of gpi-anchored cell surface proteins that function as ligands for the mouse activating nkg2d receptor. These molecules are encoded by the retinoic acid early inducible (rae-1) and h60 minor histocompatibility antigen genes on mouse chromosome 10 and show weak homology with mhc class i." SIGNOR-79233 "cyclosporin A" chemical CHEBI:4031 ChEBI TTN protein Q8WZ42 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17636278 f "Regulation of transcription" "Cyclosporine A induces titin expression via MAPK/ERK signalling and improves proliferative and invasive potential of human trophoblast cells." SIGNOR-251975 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser443 FLGQTPAsPARYSPV 9606 19066288 t llicata "We also show that dlg1 is phosphorylated by both cdk1 and cdk2 on ser158 and ser442. These phosphorylated sites together affect the nuclear localisation of the protein, and implicate the role of phosphorylation on ser158 and ser442 in its putative nuclear functions as a tumour suppressor." SIGNOR-182757 "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI SDHB protein P21912 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 26083061 t lperfetto "Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B contains three Fe-S clusters |The enzymatic activity of both proteins depends on the presence of intact Fe-S clusters" SIGNOR-262133 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258274 FGF9 protein P31371 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15780951 f "FGF-2 and FGF-9 increased expression of other??osteogenic??factors??BMP-2??and TGFbeta-1" gcesareni "Fgf-2 and fgf-9 increased expression of other osteogenic factors bmp-2 and tgf-beta1, and endogenous fgf/fgfr signaling is a positive upstream regulator of the bmp-2 gene in calvarial osteoblasts" SIGNOR-134797 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 SSPDKRLtLSQIYEW 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252885 "D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:61527 ChEBI "2-ammonio-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58725 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21310273 t miannu "GFPT1 catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamine onto fructose-6-phosphate, yielding glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) and glutamate. This transamidase reaction has been identified as the first and rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is the obligatory source of essential amino sugars for the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans" SIGNOR-268098 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT SPARC protein P09486 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000037 15824735 f miannu "three of the nine targets had been identified previously as candidate TSGs (DOC-2/DAB2, CDKN1C and SPARC) and all were upregulated by wild-type pVHL." SIGNOR-255603 "lysophosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:132742 ChEBI LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257533 teniposide chemical CHEBI:75988 ChEBI TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1329225 t miannu "Recognition of transient DNA breaks induced by teniposide, etoposide, and other podophyllotoxin analogues established not only that their site of activity was DNA but also that their cytotoxic effect was dose-dependent. Extensive investigation has further indicated that a primary mechanism of action of these agents involves inhibition of the catalytic activity of eukaryote topoisomerase II and, more important, the consequent stabilization of the normally transient covalent intermediate formed between the DNA substrate and the enzyme." SIGNOR-259329 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC4 protein P62807 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265377 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser594 HKAAVPAsEKLLLLK 9606 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "Finally, basal chat phosphorylation in neurons is mediated predominantly by pkc at ser-476, with pkc activation increasing phosphorylation at ser-440 and enhancing chat activity." SIGNOR-129340 PTPN9 protein P43378 UNIPROT NSF protein P46459 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr83 QEIEVSLyTFDKAKQ 9606 15322554 t gcesareni "Our results suggest that the molecular mechanism by which ptp-meg2 promotes secretory vesicle fusion involves the local release of nsf from a tyrosine-phosphorylated, inactive state." SIGNOR-128348 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257638 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZFPL1 protein O95159 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271151 P2RY12 protein Q9H244 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256991 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ETV3 protein P41162 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser139 SSGVVPQsAPPVPTA 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. Among the ERK2 substrates, we identified the E-twenty six (ETS) domain-containing protein ETV3. We determined that phosphorylation of this protein by ERK2 was functionally relevant, abrogating the DNA-binding activity of ETV3 at thousands of targets across the genome, thereby providing an additional mechanism for transcriptional regulation downstream of ERK2 activation." SIGNOR-262758 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10469655 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates p105 resulting in its degradation, which releases tpl2 resulting in activation of the pro-proliferative map kinase- pathway." SIGNOR-217400 CyclinC/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C545 SIGNOR G0/G1_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH219 SIGNOR up-regulates 37104883 f lperfetto "Among them, CDK3 is critically important because it triggers the transitions of G0 to G1 and G1 to S phase through binding to cyclin C and cyclin E1, respectively." SIGNOR-273190 CyclinE1/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C546 SIGNOR G1/S_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH50 SIGNOR up-regulates 37104883 f lperfetto "Among them, CDK3 is critically important because it triggers the transitions of G0 to G1 and G1 to S phase through binding to cyclin C and cyclin E1, respectively." SIGNOR-273191 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI PIP5K1A protein Q99755 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 17245604 t gcesareni "All pip5k isoforms are stimulated by pa." SIGNOR-152542 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser939 SFRARSTsLNERPKS 9606 12172553 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that tuberin is phosphorylated on s939 and t1462 in response to pi3k activation. Our results are consistent with akt being the pi3k-depen-dent tuberin kinase. The pi3k-akt-mediated phosphorylation of tuberin would inhibit the function of the tuberin-hamartin complex." SIGNOR-91388 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 30017632 f miannu "Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis and causes tissue scarring largely by activating its downstream small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling. Different TGF-β signalings play different roles in fibrogenesis. TGF-β1 directly activates Smad signaling which triggers pro-fibrotic gene overexpression. Excessive studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway was an important pathogenic mechanism in tissue fibrosis. Smad2 and Smad3 are the two major downstream regulator that promote TGF-β1-mediated tissue fibrosis, while Smad7 serves as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1/Smad pathway thereby protects against TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis." SIGNOR-260433 MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT MYL6B protein P14649 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000671 10092231 t gcesareni "Cytoskeletal dynamics are primarily modulated by interactions of actin and myosin ii that are regulated by myosin light chain kinase (mlck)-mediated phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain (mlc)." SIGNOR-65865 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser142 RKILNDLsSDAPGVP 9606 11013247 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of creb1 at ser142 and ser143 is selectively activated by ca(2+) influx;phosphorylation of ser142 and ser143, disrupts the interaction of creb with its cofactor cbp. Phosphorylation of serine 142 in creb by camkii leads to dissociation of the creb dimer." SIGNOR-82501 PLIN3 protein O60664 UNIPROT M6PR protein P20645 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 BTO:0004055 9590177 t lperfetto "TIP47 is present in cytosol and on endosomes and is required for MPR transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in vitro and in vivo. TIP47 recognizes a phenylalanine/tryptophan signal in the tail of the cation-dependent MPR that is essential for its proper sorting within the endosomal pathway. These data suggest that TIP47 binds MPR cytoplasmic domains and facilitates their collection into transport vesicles destined for the Golgi." SIGNOR-253093 DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT CACNA1C protein Q13936 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 12827203 t miannu "DCC activation by a netrin-1 gradient creates a high-level [Ca2+]i gradient by triggering LCC activity and by stimulating the cAMP–PKA pathway, which further activates LCC in the plasma membrane (PM) and Ca2+ channels in the ER." SIGNOR-268291 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269628 PDPK2P protein Q6A1A2 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr256 EHNSTTStFCGTPEY 9606 10191262 t gcesareni "Our results are consistent with a model in which activation of sgk by igf-1 or hydrogen peroxide is initiated by a ptdins(3,4, 5)p3-dependent activation of pdk2, which phosphorylates ser422." SIGNOR-66234 CyclinC/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C545 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273165 "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 25720354 t scontino "APCs cell surface receptors facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is in these compartments that internalized antigen proteolysis and peptide–MHC class II complex formation takes place." SIGNOR-267861 "Chaperone-mediated autophagy" phenotype SIGNOR-PH118 SIGNOR Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 BTO:0004424 26323688 t "inferred from family member" "Our proteome analysis revealed that HK2 is a CMA substrate and that its degradation by CMA is regulated by glucose availability." SIGNOR-270269 APC2 protein O95996 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000038 10980707 t lperfetto "The tumour-suppressing activity of apc largely involves facilitating the proteasome-mediated degradation of b-cateninit is possible that once exported from the nucleus, apc directs b-catenin along the cytoskeletal network to sites of degradation." SIGNOR-81545 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser126 VKRERTSsLTQFPPS 9606 18280241 t llicata "Akt regulates ranbp3 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-160900 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr64 DTAGQEDyDRLRPLS 9606 14506284 t gcesareni "Epidermal growth factor-dependent regulation of cdc42 is mediated by the src tyrosine kinaseegf signaling through src appears to have dual regulatory effects on cdc42: 1). it leads to the activation of cdc42 as mediated by the vav2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and 2). it results in the phosphorylation of cdc42, which stimulates the binding of rhogdi, perhaps to direct the movement of cdc42 to a specific cellular site to trigger a signaling response, because cdc42-rhogdi interactions are essential for cdc42-induced cellular transformation." SIGNOR-118206 BRCC3 protein P46736 UNIPROT H2AC11 protein P0C0S8 UNIPROT down-regulates deubiquitination 9606 20656690 t gcesareni "Brcc36 regulates the abundance of lys(63)-linked ubiquitin chains at chromatin and that one of its substrates is diubiquitinated histone h2a" SIGNOR-167142 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr184 PSAPALStPGIRDSA 9606 15192708 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q43561-2" gcesareni "Lat, an adapter protein essential for t-cell signaling, is phosphorylated at its thr 155 by erk in response to t-cell receptor stimulation. Thr 155 phosphorylation reduces the ability of lat to recruit plcgamma1 and slp76, leading to attenuation of subsequent downstream events such as [ca2+]i mobilization and activation of the erk pathway.Mutational analysis revealed that t155 but not t94 or t140 is the site of jnk-mediated phosphorylation (figure 2b). Erk also phosphorylated lat at t155 (figure 2c), whereas p38, which was able to phosphorylate atf2, failed to induce threonine phosphorylation of lat (figure 2d). These results indicate that lat is directly phosphorylated by erk and jnk at the same site, t155." SIGNOR-125774 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8702807 f gcesareni "This result suggests that the p38mapk cascade could be involved in the negative regulation of cyclin d1 transcription and thus antagonize the mitogen-dependent stimulation of cyclin d1 transcription mediated, at least in part, by the p42/p44mapk cascade." SIGNOR-43096 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1178 IMSKHLDsPPAIPPR 9534 BTO:0004055 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-235925 PAX3-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP12 SIGNOR MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t miannu "Several deregulated signalling pathways enhance cell growth by modulating cell-cycle regulatory factors in RMS. The most frequently affected signalling pathways include the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In ARMS, PAX-FOXO1 activates these pathways by transcriptional activation of receptor genes including IGFR1, FGFR4, MET (c-Met), and PDGFRA." SIGNOR-251570 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19121306 f lperfetto "However, we did detect WAFL binding to bothWIP and actin by immunoprecipitation (Fig. 4). In conclusion, we propose a model whereby WAFL associates toendocytic vesicles by its coiled-coil domain and is involved in actin-based movement of early endosomes via WIP and binding to actin." SIGNOR-260608 ARHGAP20 protein Q9P2F6 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260473 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser374 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "We have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity. ERK2 phosphorylated c-Fos TADs that included Thr- 325, Thr-331, or Ser-374 as unique phospho-acceptor sites, thus indicating that these residues can serve as in vitro targets for the enzymatic activity of ERK2." SIGNOR-235671 POLR2H protein P52434 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266149 TRIM33 protein Q9UPN9 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16751102 t gcesareni "The ubiquitious nuclear protein transcriptional intermediary factor 1gamma (tif1gamma) selectively binds receptor-phosphorylated smad2/3 in competition with smad4. Rapid and robust binding of tif1gamma to smad2/3 occurs in hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and epithelial cell types in response to tgfbeta. In human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, where tgfbeta inhibits proliferation and stimulates erythroid differentiation, tif1gamma mediates the differentiation response while smad4 mediates the antiproliferative response with smad2/3 participating in both responses." SIGNOR-146986 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser309 SLGEGNGsPNHQPEP 9606 19237534 t lperfetto "We previously established that phosphorylation of lsf in early g1 at ser-291 and ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in g1 is required for its reactivation. At the peak activities of erk and cyclin c/cdk2 in early g1, lsf is efficiently phosphorylated on ser-291 and ser-309." SIGNOR-184172 NPNT protein Q6UXI9 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22613833 t lperfetto "The loss of QBRICK significantly diminished the expression of nephronectin, an integrin α8β1 ligand necessary for renal development. In vivo, nephronectin associated with QBRICK and localized at the sublamina densa region, where QBRICK was also located. Collectively, these findings indicate that QBRICK facilitates the integrin α8β1-dependent interactions of cells with basement membranes by regulating the basement membrane assembly of nephronectin and explain why renal defects occur in Fraser syndrome." SIGNOR-253344 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr404 NSHPLSLtSDQYKAY -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178420 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys74 DTGRILSkLHTVQPK -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10). Two additional Lys residues (Lys-126 and -135) were ubiquitinated by E6AP." SIGNOR-272742 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 SDDSRTAsQLDEFQE 9606 16931761 t lperfetto "Atm engages autodegradation of the e3 ubiquitin ligase cop1 after dna damage. We observed that in response to dna damage, atm phosphorylated cop1 on ser(387) and stimulated a rapid autodegradation mechanism" SIGNOR-149082 MTHFD2L protein Q9H903 UNIPROT 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10116 21163947 t lperfetto "Conversion of these 1-carbon units to formate requires several folate-interconverting enzymes in mitochondria. The enzyme(s) responsible for conversion of 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate (CH(2)-THF) to 10-formyl-THF in adult mammalian mitochondria are currently unknown. A new mitochondrial CH(2)-THF dehydrogenase isozyme, encoded by the MTHFD2L gene, has now been identified. " SIGNOR-268253 SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25428262 f irozzo "We have shown that SF3B1 knockdown in four myeloid cell lines resulted in inhibition of cell growth and disruption of the cell cycle.Taken together, these data show that SF3B1 knockdown results in inhibition of cell growth, induction of cell cycle arrest and impairment of erythroid differentiation in myeloid cell lines." SIGNOR-256003 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000249 17179173 f miannu "IFNgamma, through its receptor, activates STAT1, which binds with CBP/p300 coactivator, sequesters it from the cell system, and thus inhibits transcriptional induction of the MMP13 gene in chondrocytes." SIGNOR-255235 resiquimod chemical CHEBI:36706 ChEBI TLR8 protein Q9NR97 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15661881 t miannu "Imiquimod and resiquimod can tentatively be defined as human TLR7 or TLR7/8 agonists, respectively." SIGNOR-259247 PTGER4 protein P35408 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256760 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Phe64 TVFSVDEfSASVLTG -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263586 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr589 TGSSDNEyFYVDFRE 9606 BTO:0001271 11971190 t lperfetto "Previously we reported that flt3 with itd (flt3/itd) formed a homodimer and was autophosphorylated on tyrosine residuewe examined the role of tyr residues (y589, y591, y597 and y599) in the jm domain in the activation of flt3. In wt-flt3, these tyr residues were important for the fl-dependent activation" SIGNOR-117571 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT ATP6V1A protein P38606 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28592880 t Giorgia "We investigated the relationship between transcription factor YY1 and ATP6V1A, and found that mRNA expression of YY1 had significant correlation with that of ATP6V1A. To validate that YY1 transcriptionally regulates ATP6V1A, we discovered that the ATP6V1A core promoter region contains three YY1 binding sites. Moreover, RNAi-mediated knockdown of YY1 in GC cells significantly decreased ATP6V1A mRNA and protein expression, while YY1 overexpression increased ATP6V1A expression level." SIGNOR-260635 PRSS1 protein P07477 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Lys34 QGTNRSSkGRSLIGK -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263605 CyclinD1/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C143 SIGNOR NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr245 GFGTSPLtPSARISA 10090 BTO:0000142 12796778 t llicata "Three specific phosphorylation sites (Ser198, Thr219 and Ser231) and two weak phosphorylation sites (Ser242 and Thr245) for CDK5/p35 are located in this region of NUDEL | Each single or double mutant compromised,and the triple mutant completely eliminated, interaction with 14-3-3ε. | 14-3-3ε sustains NUDEL phosphorylation and protects it from phosphatase.e dynein motor function." SIGNOR-250652 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser463 PPISPASsDLSVAGS 9606 BTO:0000007 16141410 t "In vitro and in vivo (HEK 293 cells) kinase assays with synthetic peptides and full-length myocardin demonstrated that myocardin was a primed GSK3beta substrate, with serines 455 to 467 and 624 to 636 being the major GSK3beta phosphorylation sites.  GSK3β phosphorylation at the sites identified inhibits myocardin intrinsic transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-251246 PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 18250156 t lperfetto "Atm phosphorylates i-2 on serine 43, leading to the dissociation of the pp1-i-2 complex and the activation of pp1." SIGNOR-264672 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 14614508 f "Overexpression of HES-1 fully repressed PPAR-g even in the presence of the ACREB inhibitor, showing that HES-1 acts downstream of CREB" SIGNOR-254743 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f "inferred from family member" miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-270223 EPX protein P11678 UNIPROT RNASE2 protein P10153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" 9606 BTO:0000399 18694936 t miannu "Human eosinophils are bone marrow-derived, non-dividing granulocytes of the innate immune system, which store the highly cationic proteins eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in secondary granules. we demonstrated that Tyr nitration of the eosinophil granule proteins is exclusively mediated by EPO, in the presence of functional NADPH oxidase and minute amounts of NOx. EPO appears to nitrate itself via an autocatalytic mechanism." SIGNOR-261704 Alkannin chemical CHEBI:2578 ChEBI PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000093;BTO:0000018 21516121 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Shikonin and its analogs inhibit cancer cell glycolysis by targeting tumor pyruvate kinase-M2. |Shikonin and alkannin are potent inhibitors of recombinant human PKM2|Shikonin and alkannin significantly inhibited the glycolytic rate, as manifested by cellular lactate production and glucose consumption in drug-sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MCF-7/Adr, MCF-7/Bcl-2, MCF-7/Bcl-x(L) and A549) that primarily express PKM2." SIGNOR-270284 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Identification of tyrosine phosphatases that dephosphorylate the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-76001 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "Transmembrane ligands for eph receptors also exhibit properties of signal transducing molecules, suggesting that bidirectional signaling occurs when receptor-expressing cells contact ligand-expressing cells." SIGNOR-52005 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STMN2 protein Q93045 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser62 ELILKPPsPISEAPR 10116 BTO:0000142 9525956 t lperfetto "SCG10, a growth cone-enriched MT-destabilizing protein, has been recently characterized as an in vitro substrate for various serine/threonine kinases including PKA, MAP kinase, and CDK (19). We have found that SCG10 is phosphorylated in vivo in developing rat brain.| The sites for MAP kinase phosphorylation were identified as Ser-62 and Ser-73 of SCG10|By expressing a series of phosphorylation site mutants, we showed that the MT-destabilizing effect of SCG10 could be modulated. While the nonphosphorylatable mutant showed higher activity than the wild-type protein, the activity of the mutant in which phosphorylation on all four sites was mimicked by an aspartate residue was greatly reduced. These data suggest that the nonphosphorylated state of SCG10 represents the most active form of the protein." SIGNOR-249115 GNRH1 protein P01148 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 19106114 t miannu "EGR1 bound to two binding sites on the LHB promoter and this binding was increased by GNRH1. Mutation of either site or knockdown of endogenous EGR1 decreased basal and/or GNRH1-regulated promoter activity." SIGNOR-254918 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 32482868 t lperfetto "The MYC stabilizing kinase, ERK1, regulates MYC levels directly and indirectly by inhibiting BRD4 kinase activity." SIGNOR-262048 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000738 25601757 f irozzo "Cell proliferation was stimulated by the knockdown of either TET2 or WT1 gene in KG-1 cells, but not additively by the co-depletion of both genes. Collectively, these results suggest that TET2 and WT1 function in the same pathway to inhibit leukemia cell proliferation and colony formation." SIGNOR-255705 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Thr227 PAPPEGAtPTSPVGH 9606 BTO:0000848 BTO:0001253 20959475 t lperfetto "Braf(v600e) signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and c-jun nh(2) terminal kinase-mediated activation of foxo4 via its phosphorylation on thr(223), ser(226), thr(447), and thr(451)." SIGNOR-252954 UBE2D3 protein P61077 UNIPROT UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 11714696 t miannu "Using an in vitro reconstitution, specific E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating) enzymes (human UbcH4, UbcH5B, and UbcH5C) transferred ubiquitin molecules to hHYD, leading to the ubiquitination of TopBP1. TopBP1 was usually ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteosome, whereas X-irradiation diminished the ubiquitination of TopBP1 probably via the phosphorylation, resulting in the stable colocalization of up-regulated TopBP1 with gamma-H2AX nuclear foci in DNA breaks." SIGNOR-272669 PI4KA protein P42356 UNIPROT 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57880 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269095 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10074433 t gcesareni "We conclude that beta-trcp is a component of an e3 ubiquitin ligase that is responsible for the targeted degradation of phosphorylated beta-catenin. we found that the binding of beta-trcp to beta-catenin was direct." SIGNOR-65429 USP7 protein Q93009 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination 9606 16082221 t gcesareni "Subsequently, hausp was shown to deubiquitinate mdm2 and mdmx, thereby stabilizing these proteins." SIGNOR-139453 MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 12393902 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that MdmX acts as a ubiquitin ligase in vitro, being capable of autoubiquitination, as well as mediating the ubiquitination of p53. " SIGNOR-271390 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR calciol smallmolecule CHEBI:28940 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001253 30080183 t lperfetto "Ultraviolet radiation results in the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to pre-vitamin D, which isomerizes to vitamin D in the skin" SIGNOR-270562 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser172 DQVQRRGsLPPRQVP 9606 20110267 t llicata "We identified ser-282 as target of mapk and ser-172 as target of pkc and pka in vitro and in a transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (hek293) cell model using site directed mutagenesis and phosphopeptide mapping analysis. In hek293 cells, phosphorylation of these sites occurred at a basal level and down-regulated constitutive nox1 activity. I" SIGNOR-163663 GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15650023 t miannu "Overexpression of GRK6 Inhibits Agonist-Induced cAMP Production in HBL Human Melanoma Cells, without Affecting MC1R Gene Expression" SIGNOR-252389 MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly376 SMTRVVGgLVALRGA -1 10930399 t lperfetto "The data presented in this study show for the first time the degradation of Factor XII of the blood clotting system by matrix metalloproteinases. MMP-12, MMP-13, and MMP-14 cleave at Gly376Leu377|However, no activity of Factor XII can be observed after MMPinduced cleavage." SIGNOR-263609 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp324 RMQSLQLdCVAVPSS 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000093;BTO:0000567 10521396 t amattioni "These results suggested that the aspartic acid at position 324 is the cleavage site of ripk1. In this study we found that receptor-interacting protein (ripk1) is cleaved by casp8 when cells undergo tnf-induced apoptosis. The cleavage of ripk1 abolished its nf-kb inducing ability." SIGNOR-71265 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "In fasted mammals, glucose homeostasis is maintained through induction of the camp response element-binding protein (creb) coactivator transducer of regulated creb activity 2 (torc2), which stimulates the gluconeogenic program in concert with the forkhead factor foxo1" SIGNOR-268144 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr325 TELEPLCtPVVTCTP phosphorylation:Ser374;Ser362 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL;AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-263012 TLR5 protein O60602 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24709011 f miannu "These studies demonstrate a novel function of Toll-like receptor-5 (TLR5) in a human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line, KMS28BM. These cells express high levels of both TLR5 mRNA and protein. When cells were treated with the specific TLR5 ligand flagellin, proliferation was increased, and the secretion of IgG λ antibody and the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were increased via NF-κB activation through PI3K/AKT and p38 signaling." SIGNOR-259868 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257450 NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11340081 t gcesareni "Nck and cdc42 activate n-wasp by redundant mechanisms." SIGNOR-107634 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR FBXO15 protein Q8NCQ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0005816 24703837 t miannu "Fbxo15 Targets CLS1 Protein for Ubiquitination and Degradation to Disrupt Mitochondrial Function. S. aureus infection induces expression of a kinase, PINK1, that phosphorylates an indispensable protein CLS1, which in turn triggers CLS1 ubiquitination and degradation by the F box protein (SCFFbxo15)." SIGNOR-272172 PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16939420 t miannu "PRPP (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate) is an important metabolite essential for nucleotide synthesis and PRS (PRPP synthetase) catalyses synthesis of PRPP from R5P (ribose 5-phosphate) and ATP." SIGNOR-267078 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 11526476 t miannu "Menin represses p65-mediated transcriptional activation on nf-kappab sites in a dose-dependent and specific manner." SIGNOR-110067 SESN2 protein P58004 UNIPROT GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 25457612 t "We describe AMPK-independent mechanism of mTORC1 regulation by the Sestrins, in which the Sestrins inhibit mTORC1 localization to the lysosomes in a Rag-dependent manner through an interaction with GATOR2" SIGNOR-253560 GRK4 protein P32298 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 EPIQMENsMGTLRTS 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t gcesareni "...expression of GRK4Ž drastically increased the basal level of32P incorporation into B2R.[€]a clustered phosphorylation around Ser(346) is necessary for desensitization of the B2 receptor-induced phospholipase C activation." SIGNOR-247902 SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT RBM8A protein Q9Y5S9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser168 GGRRRSRsPDRRRR 9606 16100109 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that y14 is phosphorylated at its repeated arginine/serine (rs) dipeptides, likely by sr protein-specific kinases. Phosphorylation of y14 abolished its interaction with ejc components as well as factors that function downstream of the ejc." SIGNOR-139555 "leukotriene D4(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:63166 ChEBI CYSLTR1 protein Q9Y271 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257475 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1798 GQRKRLIsSVEDFTE 9606 BTO:0000007 15342917 t lperfetto "The mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-activated kinase, p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) 1, was found to interact with and phosphorylate tuberin at a regulatory site, ser-1798, located at the evolutionarily conserved c terminus of tuberin. Rsk1 phosphorylation of ser-1798 inhibits the tumor suppressor function of the tuberin/hamartin complex, resulting in increased mtor signaling to s6k1" SIGNOR-128634 EXOSC9 protein Q06265 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261388 "tubastatin A" chemical CHEBI:94186 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207450 SYMPK protein Q92797 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16230528 f lperfetto "Reconstitution experiments reveal that symplekin, previously shown to be necessary for cytoplasmic poly(A) tail elongation and translational activation of mRNAs during Xenopus oocyte maturation, is the essential heat-labile component." SIGNOR-268368 RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-270296 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser435 KKLKLISsDSED 9606 18625707 t lperfetto "Plk1 phosphorylation of trf1 is essential for its binding to telomeres" SIGNOR-179461 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser170 SFKLSGFsFKKNKKE -1 8557118 t gcesareni "PRK1 phosphorylates MARCKS at the PKC sites: serine 152, serine 156 and serine 163." SIGNOR-249671 GRIK4 protein Q16099 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264945 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI "L-alanine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57972 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-268122 ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI ADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:456216 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-268084 LLGL2 protein Q6P1M3 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C504 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270883 TESK1 protein Q15569 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 BTO:0001363 11418599 t lperfetto "Like TESK1, TESK2 phosphorylated cofilin specifically at Ser-3 and induced formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesionsExpression of cofilin or S3A-cofilin into HeLa cells induced marked decreases in rhodamine-phalloidin staining due to the actin binding and -depolymerizing activity of cofilin" SIGNOR-246723 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1054 AVPEGHEyYRVREDG 10090 11201744 t "CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling|these results show that CD45 dephosphorylates functionally important tyrosine residues. It should be noted that, as with our phosphatase assays in vitro, Tyr 1022 and Tyr 1023 of JAK1, Tyr 1007 and Tyr 1008 of JAK2, and Tyr 1054 and Tyr 1055 of Tyk2 are indeed hyperphosphorylated in cd45-deficient cells" SIGNOR-248357 FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT FN1/SDC4 complex SIGNOR-C210 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23290138 t apalma "We found that binding of ECM glycoprotein Fibronectin (FN) to Sdc4 stimulates the ability of Wnt7a to induce the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells" SIGNOR-255285 YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16429158 t miannu "YARS (also known as TyrRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism. Tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl-adenylate and is then transferred to tRNATyr" SIGNOR-270521 FOXN1 protein O15353 UNIPROT DSG4 protein Q86SJ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000552 19683850 f miannu "we studied the transcriptional regulation of DSG4 by transcription factors/pathways that are known regulators of hair keratin or KAP expression. We show that HOXC13, LEF1 and FOXN1 repress DSG4 transcription and provide in vitro and in vivo evidence correlating the Notch pathway with the activation and/or maintenance of DSG4 expression in the hair follicle." SIGNOR-254182 NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256874 TAOK3 protein Q9H2K8 UNIPROT TAOK3 protein Q9H2K8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr183 NSFVGTPyWMAPEVI 9534 BTO:0004055 10559204 t lperfetto "These data indicate that JIK is indeed the protein kinase present in the immune complex responsible for autophosphorylation and for the phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate. Moreover, our observations suggest that JIK (A181F183) acts as the catalytically inactive mutant of JIK, which is no longer able to potently undergo autophosphorylation and dramatically phosphorylate MBP, as compared with the wild type JIK." SIGNOR-246302 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination Lys519 DYPRQSIkETPCWIE 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smad4 is monoubiquitinated in lysine 519 in vivo, a modification that inhibits smad4 by impeding association with phospho-smad2. Fam reverts this negative modification, re-empowering smad4 function;control of smad4 is a good way to regulate bone formation. Fam and ectodermin/tif1gamma (ecto) were reported to respectively regulate the de-ubiquitination and ubiquitination of smad4." SIGNOR-195697 indometacin chemical CHEBI:49662 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000135 15770365 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Indomethacin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, may prevent AAA formation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity." SIGNOR-261089 leuprolide chemical CHEBI:6427 ChEBI GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257499 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser653 PSLSRHSsPHQSEDE 11427888 t "Glycogen synthase has multiple serines (residues 640, 644, 648 and 652) separated by three residues, and those Ser residues are phosphorylated sequentially by GSK3 from the C-terminal end after Ser 656 has been phosphorylated by casein kinase II." SIGNOR-251241 PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9768361 t gcesareni "Recent reports have also shown that the phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk-1), which binds with high affinity to the pi 3-kinase lipid product phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (ptdins-3,4,5-p), phosphorylates and potently activates two other pi 3-kinase targets, the protein kinases akt/pkb and p70s6k." SIGNOR-60567 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17873901 f gcesareni "Foxo1a strongly activated p15ink4b transcription and p19ink4d transcription, while foxo3a showed higher p19ink4d transcription activity than p15ink4b transcription activity" SIGNOR-157794 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SAMHD1 protein Q9Y3Z3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr592 DVIAPLItPQKKEWN 9606 23602554 t llicata "Cyclin a2/cdk1 phosphorylates samhd1 at the threonine 592 residue both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of samhd1 thr592 correlates with loss of its ability to restrict hiv-1." SIGNOR-201913 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr390 DSKFTRQtPVDSPDD 9606 11914378 t "Thr229 phosphorylation requires prior phosphorylation of the Ser/Thr-Pro sites in the autoinhibitory domain and Thr389 in the linker domain,[…] Moreover, in vitro mTOR directly phosphorylates Ser371, and this event modulates Thr389phosphorylation by mTOR, compatible with earlier in vivo findings." SIGNOR-255841 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000599 10187842 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We now demonstrate that amino acids 1-92 of hPPARalpha contain an activation function (AF)-1-like domain, which is further activated by insulin through a pathway involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 and p44. Further analysis of the amino-terminal region of PPARalpha revealed that the insulin-induced trans-activation occurs through the phosphorylation of two mitogen-activated protein kinase sites at positions 12 and 21, both of which are conserved across evolution." SIGNOR-270079 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14592841 f "This data confirms that PU.1 is a downstream target of activated C/EBPα and is suppressed in FLT3/ITD-expressing cells as a result of C/EBPα suppression." SIGNOR-261530 N protein P59595 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 14623261 t Luana "Taken together, we have shown that the coronavirus N protein can activate AP-1 signal transduction pathway." SIGNOR-260725 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8955077 f "inferred from family member" miannu "we characterize hypoxia response elements in the promoters of the ALDA, ENO1, and Ldha genes. Our data establish that functional hypoxia-response elements consist of a pair of contiguous transcription factor binding sites at least one of which contains the core sequence 5'-RCGTG-3' and is recognized by HIF-1. These results provide further evidence that the coordinate transcriptional activation of genes encoding glycolytic enzymes which occurs in hypoxic cells is mediated by HIF-1." SIGNOR-270229 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1724 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120204 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 RLEEKVKtLKAQNSE 9606 BTO:0000848 21177766 t lperfetto "P21-activated protein kinase (pak2)-mediated c-jun phosphorylation at 5 threonine sites promotes cell transformationour data showed that pak2 binds and phosphorylates c-jun at five threonine sites (thr2, thr8, thr89, thr93 and thr286)" SIGNOR-170764 "mycophenolic acid" chemical CHEBI:168396 ChEBI IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 10677226 t Federica "Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a species-specific inhibitor of IMPDH; mammalian IMPDHsare very sensitive to MPA" SIGNOR-261077 kaempferol chemical CHEBI:28499 ChEBI AHR-ARNT complex SIGNOR-C125 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 17012224 t "However, kaempferol inhibited the ability of BNF to induce formation of the AHR/ARNT DNA-binding complex at all concentrations tested" SIGNOR-253641 PHACTR1 protein Q9C0D0 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001949 21939755 t miannu "Phactr-1 was previously identified as protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) α-interacting protein that possesses actin-binding domains. We showed that Phactr-1 depletion decreased PP1 activity, disrupted the fine-tuning of actin polymerization and impaired lamellipodial dynamics. Taken together our results strongly suggest that Phactr-1 is a key component in the angiogenic process." SIGNOR-260062 ELOVL5 protein Q9NYP7 UNIPROT 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267898 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20508200 f lperfetto "Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it induces the expression of its target genes, including markers (Arg1, Chi3l3, Mrc1, Mgl1, and Retnla) and regulators (Pparalpha, Ppargamma and PGC-1?) of alternative activation." SIGNOR-249538 ATXN1 protein P54253 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21315774 t Luana "Overexpression of the CtBP2 protein enhanced the repression activity of the E-cadherin promoter in a dose-dependent manner, whereas overexpression of ataxin-1 increased the activity of the E-cadherin promoter in a dose-dependent manner " SIGNOR-261577 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNCAIP protein Q9Y6H5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser556 AQKSEGKsLPSSPSS 9606 16174773 t lperfetto "Synphilin-1 s556a mutant, which is less phosphorylated by gsk3beta, formed more inclusion bodies than wild type synphilin-1. Mutation analysis showed that ser556 is a major gsk3beta phosphorylation site in synphilin-1" SIGNOR-140609 ETV3 protein P41162 UNIPROT ETV3 protein P41162 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 22028471 t miannu "ETV3 target genes including etv3, ddx20, and dusp6 provide negative feedback regulation of ETV3 production and activity. Negative feedback along with constitutive instability may serve to tightly regulate ETV3 abundance. Our date suggest that phosphorylation by ERK2 relieves repression by ETV3, allowing activation of cell cycle control genes including myc, components of the NF-κB pathway, and genes required form RNA processing and translation." SIGNOR-262778 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser486 RPLSRAQsSPAAPAS 9606 18617643 t gcesareni "We show for the first time that vegf stimulated phosphorylation of hdac7 at the sites of ser178, ser344, and ser479we found that phospholipase cgamma/protein kinase c/protein kinase d1 (pkd1)-dependent signal pathway mediated hdac7 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation by vegf." SIGNOR-179430 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t lperfetto "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-255261 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ATXN1 protein P54253 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser775 ATRKRRWsAPESRKL 9606 BTO:0000567 12757707 t "Interaction of Ataxin-1 and 14-3-3 Requires Akt Phosphorylation at S776. 14-3-3 protein, a multifunctional regulatory molecule, mediates the neurotoxicity of ataxin-1 by binding to and stabilizing ataxin-1, thereby slowing its normal degradation." SIGNOR-251468 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR ACTL6B protein O94805 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136212 SAR1A protein Q9NR31 UNIPROT SEC24B protein O95487 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding SIGNOR-C370 30605680 t lperfetto "Biogenesis of COPII vesicles is initiated by the activation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein secretion-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1) at specialized subdomains of the ER, called ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER (tER). Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer." SIGNOR-265300 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT HSPA9 protein P38646 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser65 IDLGTTNsCVAVMEG 9606 17573779 t lperfetto "Mortalin binds to mps1, and is phosphorylated by mps1 on thr62 and ser65. The phosphorylated mortalin then super-activates mps1 in a feedback manner. Mps1-associated acceleration of centrosome duplication depends on the presence of mortalin and super-activation by the thr62/ser65 phosphorylated mortalin" SIGNOR-156181 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr376 DEDCYGNyDNLLSQF 9606 20643654 t lperfetto "Previous studies indicate that optimal activation of PDK1 requires phosphorylation of Tyr373/376, and growth factor receptor activation leads to PDK1 recruitment to the plasma membrane, followed by sequential phosphorylation of Tyr9 and then Tyr373/376" SIGNOR-166714 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9534 7791754 t fspada "Bmpr-ii is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that binds bmp-2 and bmp-7 in association with multiple type i receptors, including bmpr-ia/brk1, bmpr-ib, and actr-i, which is also an activin type i receptor." SIGNOR-33440 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257332 GABRG2 protein P18507 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263767 SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253407 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 30030829 f lperfetto "The basic-helixloop-helix factors HES1 and HES5 repress the expression of the proneural genes (Ascl1, Atoh1, Neurog1 and Neurog2) and thereby inhibit NSCs differentiation and neuron production" SIGNOR-265146 SRSF2 protein Q01130 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27524244 t miannu "Using MDM2 P1 and P2 promoter-reporter systems, we screened clones regulating MDM2 transcriptions in a p53-independent manner by overexpression. Nine clones from the screening library showed enhanced MDM2 promoter activity and MDM2 expression in p53-deficient HCT116 cells. Among them, six clones, including NTRK2, GNA15, SFRS2, EIF5A, ELAVL1, and YWHAB mediated MAPK signaling for expressing MDM2." SIGNOR-260076 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser484 ERGKLPEsPKRAEEI 10090 BTO:0000944 10202152 t llicata "We have identified Ser484 as a direct target for cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4)-cyclin D1- and cdk2-cyclin E-directed phosphorylation. Mutation of Ser484 impairs rDNA transcription in vivo and in vitro. " SIGNOR-250755 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser54 RVKALPLsPRKRLGD 9606 SIGNOR-C83 10339564 t lperfetto "Hscdc6 is an excellent substrate for cdk2 in vitro and is phosphorylated in vivo at three sites (ser-54, ser-74, and ser-106)|An HsCdc6A1A2A3 mutant, which mimics unphosphorylated HsCdc6, is exclusively nuclear, and its expression inhibits initiation of DNA replication. An HsCdc6E1E2E3 mutant, which mimics phosphorylated HsCdc6, is exclusively cytoplasmic and is not associated with the chromatin/nuclear matrix fraction." SIGNOR-67544 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SIGLEC10 protein Q96LC7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr691 PKGTQADyAEVKFQ 9606 11733002 t lperfetto "These results suggest that the tyrosines at positions 597 and 667, contained within itim-like motifs, are likely targets of phosphorylation by several classes of signaling molecules, including lck, jak3, and emt. The tyrosine located at position y691 was also contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by lck and jak3 kinases. however, it is not clear whether y691 is capable of binding sap or a similar protein. Future studies will attempt to elucidate the signaling activities associated with y691" SIGNOR-112499 "NAN 190" chemical CHEBI:64131 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258855 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser110 SFSEQTRsLDGRLQV 9606 SIGNOR-C8 11027280 t gcesareni "Smad2 is a target substrate for cam kinase ii in vitro at serine-110, -240, and -260. furthermore, cam kinase ii blocked nuclear accumulation of a smad2 and induced smad2-smad4 hetero-oligomerization independently of tgfbeta receptor activation, while preventing tgf-beta-dependent smad2-smad3 interactions." SIGNOR-82966 FKBP5 protein Q13451 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "catalytic activity" 9606 BTO_0002035 28978117 t Barakat "FKBP51s upregulated PD-L1 expression on the plasma membrane by catalysing the protein folding required for subsequent glycosylation. Inhibition of FKBP51s isomerase activity by SAFit decreased PD-L1 levels" SIGNOR-274973 SIGMAR1 protein Q99720 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" stabilization 9606 BTO_0000815 29117944 t Barakat "We propose that Sigma1 is a ligand-operated scaffolding protein that promotes the stability, processing, assembly, and trafficking of specific proteins in the secretory pathway of cancer cells. In support of this hypothesis, we found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sigma1 resulted in a significant decrease in PD-L1 protein levels in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cells" SIGNOR-274974 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22703233 f lperfetto "Our results establish a novel biological role for TGFbeta signaling in controlling expression of genes characteristic for alternatively activated macrophages. We speculate that lack of TbetaRII signaling reduces the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of macrophages because of reduced expression of these products." SIGNOR-249551 GFs stimulus SIGNOR-ST12 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23863153 f lperfetto "Growth factors and nutrients regulate the mTORC1 [mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1] by different mechanisms. The players that link growth factors and mTORC1 activation have been known for several years and mouse models have validated its relevance for human physiology and disease." SIGNOR-219382 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12612081 f acerquone "We found that insulin-induced ir tyrosine phosphorylation and pkb/akt sig- naling were enhanced in tcptp- cells and suppressed upon tcptp reconstitution, providing persuasive evidence that tcptp can regulate ir activation and signaling." SIGNOR-252640 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "These results, combined with secondary dephosphorylation tests, confirm and extend earlier findings that ptp-1b and t-cell ptp are physiological enzymes for the insulin receptor kinase." SIGNOR-76100 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser74 TPHLPPCsPPKQGKK 9606 10339564 t lperfetto "Hscdc6 is an excellent substrate for cdk2 in vitro and is phosphorylated in vivo at three sites (ser-54, ser-74, and ser-106)|An HsCdc6A1A2A3 mutant, which mimics unphosphorylated HsCdc6, is exclusively nuclear, and its expression inhibits initiation of DNA replication. An HsCdc6E1E2E3 mutant, which mimics phosphorylated HsCdc6, is exclusively cytoplasmic and is not associated with the chromatin/nuclear matrix fraction." SIGNOR-217280 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1443 DKMKKSKsVKEDSNL 9606 21349850 t gcesareni "Using a mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that egf induces phosphorylation of iqgap1 ser(1443), a residue known to be phosphorylated by pkcthe nonphosphorylatable iqgap1 s1441a/s1443a had no effect. In contrast, the s1441e/s1443d mutation markedly enhanced the ability of iqgap1 to induce neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-172235 PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001939 23836662 t miannu "This PER2-OCT1 interaction effectively converted OCT1 sites, which normally activate expression, into repressor sites by recruitment of a polycomb repressor complex including EZH2 and SUZ12, as well as HDAC2." SIGNOR-254148 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17685427 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Here, we show that sp3, which, as sp1, belongs to the gc-rich binding transcription factor family, is also phosphorylated by erk in vitro on serine 73." SIGNOR-270053 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1626 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248805 PSTPIP1 protein O43586 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11163214 f lperfetto "Cytoskeletal protein pstpip1 directs the pest-type protein tyrosine phosphatase to the c-abl kinase to mediate abl dephosphorylationSeveral experiments suggest that the PEST-type PTPs negatively regulate c-Abl activity" SIGNOR-105035 RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT GNAT1 protein P11488 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8673138 t "We report that his affected descendants carry a missense mutation in the gene encoding the a subunit of rod transducin — the G-protein that couples rhodopsin to cGMP-phosphodiesterase in the phototransduction cascade." SIGNOR-260007 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT KRT16 protein P08779 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18629308 f miannu "When overexpressed in HaCaT cells, NRF2 was also directly involved in not only the up-regulation of the detoxification gene thioredoxin but also K16 gene expression." SIGNOR-254645 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser194 QNRSGAMsPMSWNSD 9606 16061179 t gcesareni "FADD is essential for death receptor (DR)-induced apoptosis.|Phosphorylation of FADD at serine 194 by CKIalpha regulates its nonapoptotic activities" SIGNOR-139307 GTF3A protein Q92664 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9308965 t lperfetto "At present, it is known that transcription factors TFIIIB, TFIIIC2, TFIIIC1, and TFIIIA (5S gene only) are involved in transcription of tRNA, VA RNA, and 5S RNA genes by human RNA Pol III." SIGNOR-266180 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257320 PPM1B protein O75688 UNIPROT CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Thr186 NSQPNRYtNRVVTLW 9606 18829461 t gcesareni "Taken together, our data indicate that PPM1A and to some extent PPM1B are important negative regulators of P-TEFb function" SIGNOR-181396 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 VPNDYMTsPARLGSQ 9606 BTO:0000567 21900237 t lperfetto "We identified serine 216 of Abi1 as a target of CDK1/cyclin B kinase that is phosphorylated in cells at the onset of mitosis.|Bcr-Abl-induced actin polymerization requires the Abi1 pathway, as the blockade of the signal transduction from Bcr-Abl to Abi1 abolishes the F-actin assembly|serine phosphorylation of Abi1 by CDK1/cyclin B serves as a cell cycle-dependent regulatory mechanism that inhibits actin assembly" SIGNOR-264421 "Erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C384 SIGNOR Membrane_disruption phenotype SIGNOR-PH151 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 24302288 f lperfetto "Spectrin is multifunctional, and spectrin-based networks are important for maintaining the shape and mechanical properties of erythrocytes." SIGNOR-266028 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser256 SPRRRAAsMDNNSKF -1 BTO:0000318 10377430 t lperfetto "Here we show that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase by extracellular growth factors induces phosphorylation, nuclear export, and transcriptional inactivation of FKHR1, a member of the FKHR subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a key mediator of PI3 kinase signal transduction, phosphorylated recombinant FKHR1 in vitro at threonine-24 and serine-253. Mutants FKHR1(T24A), FKHR1(S253A), and FKHR1(T24A/S253A) were resistant to both PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation and PI3 kinase-stimulated nuclear export." SIGNOR-252831 HSCB protein Q8IWL3 UNIPROT "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" relocalization 27714045 t lperfetto "Cluster transfer from ISCU to recipient apoproteins is assisted by a dedicated chaperone/cochaperone (HSPA9/HSC20) system that facilitates cluster release from the primary scaffold ISCU and transfer to recipient apoproteins or to intermediate carriers" SIGNOR-262130 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT TCFL5 protein Q9UL49 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 16990763 f gcesareni "Interestingly, in absence of delta signal, both hes-1 and tcfl5 decreased, and further decreased by incubation with dapt. (figure 4). This pharmacological approach therefore provides additional evidence that tcfl5, similar to hes1, is a true notch target gene." SIGNOR-149807 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser374 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-118023 PKNOX1 protein P55347 UNIPROT HOXB1 protein P14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9482740 t 2 miannu "we observe the formation of a ternary Prep1-Pbx1-HOXB1 complex on a HOXB1-responsive target in vitro. Interaction with Prep1 enhances the ability of the HOXB1-Pbx1 complex to activate transcription in a cooperative fashion from the same target." SIGNOR-241215 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 9677429 t "MAPK3/ERK1 is a MAPK which plays an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade." gcesareni "The mek1 proline-rich insert is required for efficient activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases erk1 and erk2 in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-59157 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser121 YRIQEQEsSGEEDSD -1 8288648 t llicata "Recombinant wild-type I-2 and the Ala-120/121 mutant were phosphorylated synergistically by GSK-3 and casein kinase II. The Thr-72 and Ser-86 mutants, however, did not undergo this synergistic phosphorylation. Our studies indicate that Thr-72 is the only GSK-3 site and that Ser-86 is the casein kinase II site required for the potentiation of GSK-3 action." SIGNOR-251020 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser280 TVHGLPTsPDRPGST 9606 18245089 t gcesareni "We show in this study that the nuclear localized form of ciita is a predominantly phosphorylated form of the protein, whereas cytoplasmic ciita is predominantly unphosphorylated. Novel phosphorylation sites were determined to be located within a region that contains serine residues 286, 288, and 293. Double mutations of these residues increased nuclear ciita, indicating that these sites are not required for nuclear import. Erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation of ciita down-regulates ciita activity by priming it for nuclear export, thus providing a means for cells to tightly regulate the extent of antigen presentation." SIGNOR-160609 TGFB3 protein P10600 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252284 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TPPP protein O94811 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser32 DRAAKRLsLESEGAG -1 17693641 t miannu "Here we show that TPPP induces tubulin self-assembly into intact frequently bundled microtubules, and that the phosphorylation of specific sites distinctly affects the function of TPPP. The phosphorylation sites Thr(14), Ser(18), Ser(160) for Cdk5; Ser(18), Ser(160) for ERK2, and Ser(32) for PKA were identified by mass spectrometry. The phosphorylation by ERK2 or Cdk5 resulted in the loss of microtubule-assembling activity of TPPP. Thus our data suggest that ERK2 or Cdk5 can perturb the interaction of TPPP with tubulin, in contrast to PKA that is ineffective in this respect." SIGNOR-262930 Osmotic_stress stimulus SIGNOR-ST28 SIGNOR TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000312 33172210 f "We found that osmotic stress robustly induced nuclear loss of TDP-43, SPFQ, FUS, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPK, with characteristic changes in nucleocytoplasmic localisation in an RBP-dependent manne" SIGNOR-262818 CC2D1B protein Q5T0F9 UNIPROT HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000938 19423080 t nucleus lperfetto "Human Freud-2/CC2D1B: a novel repressor of postsynaptic serotonin-1A receptor expression|Human Freud-2 showed strong repressor activity at the human 5-HT1A or heterologous promoter in human HEK-293 5-HT1A-negative cells and neuronal SK-N-SH cells, a model of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor-positive cells." SIGNOR-268298 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser539 TSLSPRSsLSSPSPP 9606 21878642 t llicata "We identified the highly conserved ser(539) as the primary phosphorylation site for aurora kinases." SIGNOR-176359 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Ile536 RSLDRRGiQRAADIE -1 9242537 t lperfetto "Human neutrophil elastase activates human factor V but inactivates thrombin-activated human factor V|NH2-terminal sequence analysis of F.Va treated with HNE indicated cleavage at Ala341, Ile508, and Thr1767 under conditions, which the cofactor became inactivated, as measured by prothrombinase activity." SIGNOR-263636 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 12169099 t gcesareni "Up-regulation of c-jun mrna in cardiac myocytes requires the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade, but c-jun n-terminal kinases are required for efficient up-regulation of c-jun protein." SIGNOR-91379 ADORA1 protein P30542 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257092 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT KCND2 protein Q9NZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr607 IPTPPVTtPEGDDRP 10116 BTO:0000601 11080179 t miannu "We determined that the Kv4.2 C-terminal cytoplasmic domain is an effective ERK2 substrate, and that it is phosphorylated at three sites: Thr(602), Thr(607), and Ser(616). Phosphorylation of the Kv4.2 channel by ERK during LTP induction may lead to increased excitability and membrane depolarization of neurons, which would increase the magnitude of the calcium influx and the probability of triggering LTP." SIGNOR-262936 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr314 LPSEAGPtPCAPASF 9534 BTO:0004055 30712943 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 promotes proteasomal degradation of the 5-HT 1A receptor via phosphorylation|5-HT1AR was phosphorylated by the Cdk5-p35 complex at Thr314 in the third cytoplasmic loop." SIGNOR-264406 YWHAH protein Q04917 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12042314 t miannu "14-3-3_, 14-3-3_, and 14-3-3_ (but not 14-3-3_ and 14-3-3_) could form a complex with p27kip1 / we discovered that akt-mediated p27kip1phosphorylation directly induces p27kip1binding to 14-3-3 and cytoplasmic localization through phosphorylating the newly identified thr198residue." SIGNOR-109771 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser360 TEMDPTYsPAALPQS 9606 15568999 t gcesareni "Together, our in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the pkc/c-raf/mek/erk pathway plays a major role in the s6k1 activation in hypertrophic cardiac growth." SIGNOR-131311 CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257305 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser172 GQLVRNDsLWHRSDS 9606 BTO:0001938 26816379 t gcesareni "A screen for substrates of AMPK identified mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), a mitochondrial outer-membrane receptor for DRP1, the cytoplasmic guanosine triphosphatase that catalyzes mitochondrial fission." SIGNOR-249655 LARP4B protein Q92615 UNIPROT PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20573744 t miannu "Here we show that LARP4B is a cytoplasmic protein that co-sediments with polysomes and accumulates upon stress induction in stress granules. Biochemical studies further show that the protein interacts with two key factors of the translational machinery, namely, the cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein (PABPC1) and the receptor for activated C Kinase (RACK1). The biochemical and functional data of LARP4B presented in this study suggest a possible mode of action of LARP4B in translation. Assuming that LARP4B interacts with mRNA-associated PABPC1 and RACK1 simultaneously, it may form a bridge between the 3′ end of mRNAs and the initiating ribosome. This process would lead to mRNA circularization, possibly in an analogous way as it has been described for PABPC1 and eIF4G, the scaffold protein of the cap-binding complex." SIGNOR-260940 UBE2A protein P49459 UNIPROT PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination Lys164 AVVISCAkDGVKFSA 9606 19706603 t gcesareni "Pcna is mono-ubiquitinated through rad6 and rad18, modified by lysine-63-linked multi-ubiquitination--which additionally requires mms2, ubc13 and rad5--and is conjugated to sumo by ubc9. The first of these is monoubiquitination of lysine 164 on one or more of the pcna subunits by the e2-e3 complex of rad6-rad18." SIGNOR-187761 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "form complex" binding BTO:0001103 7566092 t svumbaca "Here we show that activated forms of mNotch associate with the human analogue of Su(H), KBF2/RBP-Jk and act as transcriptional activators through the KBF2-binding sites of the HES-1 promoter." SIGNOR-255363 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "Through phosphorylation of mef2d, p38 recruits an ash2l-containing complex to myogenic loci during differentiation, which results in the marking of these genes for expression." SIGNOR-176554 KAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF57 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 15919192 f miannu "Glutamate receptor ion channels mediate excitatory responses at the majority of CNS synapses. The glutamate receptor ion channels (iGluRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain and spinal cord and mediate responses at the vast majority of excitatory synapses. Mammalian iGluRs are encoded by 18 genes that assemble to form four major families, the AMPA, kainate, NMDA and delta receptors. There are four AMPA receptor genes (GluR1–4); five kainate receptor genes (GluR5–7, plus KA1 and KA2); seven NMDA receptor genes (NR1, NR2A-D, NR3A and NR3B); and two delta subunits." SIGNOR-264693 DPF3 protein Q92784 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270703 O-phosphonato-L-serine(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57524 ChEBI L-serine chemical CHEBI:17115 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000142 12213811 t lperfetto "Human phosphoserine phosphatase (HPSP) regulates the levels of glycine and d-serine, the putative co-agonists for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor in the brain. |Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP)1 is an important enzyme in the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis, which contributes a major portion of the endogenous l-serine|he enzymatic reaction of PSP is Mg2+-dependent and results in the dephosphorylation of phospho-l-serine with the formation of a phosphoenzyme intermediate, which is subsequently autodephosphorylated. The resulting product, l-serine, is not only a precursor for the biosynthesis of glycine but also an uncompetitive inhibitor for the enzymatic reaction of PSP" SIGNOR-268569 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 16956584 t lperfetto "Insulin binds to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor (IR) on the cell surface." SIGNOR-236748 LZTR1 protein Q8N653 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys170 IRQYRLKkISKEEKT 9606 BTO:0000007 30442762 t Gianni "By trapping LZTR1 complexes from intact mammalian cells, we identified the guanosine triphosphatase RAS as a substrate for the LZTR1-CUL3 complex. Ubiquitome analysis showed that loss of Lztr1 abrogated Ras ubiquitination at lysine-170. LZTR1-mediated ubiquitination inhibited RAS signaling by attenuating its association with the membrane." SIGNOR-269068 FBLIM1 protein Q8WUP2 UNIPROT FLNC protein Q14315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 24165133 t miannu "Kindlin binds migfilin tandem LIM domains and regulates migfilin focal adhesion localization and recruitment dynamics. Two integrin-binding proteins present in FAs, kindlin-1 and kindlin-2, are important for integrin activation, FA formation, and signaling. By binding filamin, migfilin provides a link between kindlin and the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-266107 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 8479541 t "GRB2 associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos activates Ras through the exchange of GDP for GTP" lperfetto "Furthermore, our results indicate that the interaction domains of sos1 and grb2 have evolved so as to bind ligands not with maximal strength but with specificities and affinities that maintain cooperativity. Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85." SIGNOR-39163 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA1 protein Q9Y5H4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265686 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser175 SPASSGSsASFISDT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248368 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 BTO:0000975 10359597 t lperfetto "Among other effectors, active ras binds and activates the raf kinase, iniziating a kinase cascade involving serine phosporylation of mek1/2 (mapkk) and tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of erk1/2 ras activation leads to raf and subsequently mek activation. Phospholipide analysis demostrated that serine residues 218 and 222 of human mek1 are the primary sites for phosphorylation by c-raf." SIGNOR-235991 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser910 KALGERVsIL 9606 19029298 t llicata "We show that pkd1-ser916 autophosphorylation does not necessarily correlate with pkd1 activity. Rather, autophosphorylation at ser916 is required for subsequent autophosphorylation at ser748." SIGNOR-182480 COL4A5 protein P29400 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12778132 t "Type IV collagen is the most abundant Type IV collagen is the most abundant constituent of the BM…All of the type IV collagen in mammals is derived from six genetically distinct alpha-chain polypeptides (alpha1-alpha6)" SIGNOR-254669 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr694 LAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 9606 11641791 t gcesareni "Src can thus directly tyrosine-phosphorylate the activation site of stat5 (tyr 694 in stat5a), and src may contribute to epo-induced signal transduction via stat5." SIGNOR-111078 OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT RBP3 protein P10745 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10354480 f miannu "OTX2, as well as CRX, a homeodomain protein very similar to OTX2, activates the human IRBP promoter in co-transfection experiments." SIGNOR-254889 Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT CYP11A1 protein P05108 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 24631756 f lperfetto "CTH signaling promotes the single steroidogenic rate limiting step, which is the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme (P450scc), encoded in the CYP11A1 gene. This is conferred by a direct stimulating effect of ACTH on the promoter of CYP11A1 (Chung et al., 1997, Liu and Simpson, 1997, Hu et al., 2001). Further, it stimulates conversion of pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone by upregulating the expression of 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (3β-HSD)" SIGNOR-268719 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asp572 PWHSFGAdSVPANTE -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261761 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT SOX7 protein Q9BT81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268922 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr2511 VPEHPFLtPSPESPD -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273167 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18854138 f lperfetto "Our cell-based assays and in vitro studies reveal a tight codependent partnership between foxo3 and pax3/7 to coordinately recruit rna polymerase ii and form a preinitiation complex (pic) to activate myod transcription in myoblasts." SIGNOR-181624 "9,11-Methanoepoxy PGH2" chemical CID:5311493 PUBCHEM TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257589 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Well-described targets of srebp-1 and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (chrebp), which include the following: fatty acid synthase (fas), acetyl coa carboxylase (acc1), and liver pyruvate kinase (l-pk)" SIGNOR-267799 PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1070 TVRKDYRs -1 12502714 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation sites of both pi3k isoforms were mapped to c-terminal serine residues of the catalytic p110 subunit (i.e. serine 1070 of p110 beta and serine 1101 of p110 gamma). autophosphorylation of p110 beta On serine 1070 results in down-regulation of the lipid kinase activity of pi3k beta" SIGNOR-96776 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT RYR1 protein P21817 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2843 KKKTRKIsQSAQTYD -1 8380342 t lperfetto "Automated Edman sequence analysis of the major phosphopeptide obtained from PK-A and PK-G phosphorylation and one phosphopeptide obtained from PK-CaM phosphorylation yielded the sequence KISQTAQTYDPR (residues 2841€“2852) with serine 2843 as phosphorylation site" SIGNOR-248918 tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:27897 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264743 ASAP2 protein O43150 UNIPROT ARF1 protein P84077 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" -1 10022920 t miannu "Pap is a multidomain protein composed of an N-terminal alpha-helical region with a coiled-coil motif, followed by a pleckstrin homology domain, an Arf-GAP domain, an ankyrin homology region, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain.  In addition, in vitro recombinant Pap exhibits strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity towards the small GTPases Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity towards Arf6.  Pap protein exhibits Arf GAP activity in vitro." SIGNOR-269705 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270606 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20086235 f "JNK phosphorylates proteins that are part of AP-1, in particular c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2). With dominant-negative mutants, antisense RNA, inhibitors, and genetic ablation, it has been shown that JNK and c-Jun play a major role in IL-1–induced expression of genes encoding IL-6 and IL-8 and other IL-1–responsive genes" SIGNOR-254512 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PLIN1 protein O60240 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser277 QAVSRRRsEVRVPWL 10090 11751901 t miannu "PKA increased lipolysis in cells expressing Peri A because it abrogated the inhibitory actions of Peri A on lipolysis.‚  amino-terminal PKA sites (Ser-81, Ser-222, and Ser-276)" SIGNOR-250029 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr213 SASFPHTtPSMCLNP 9606 BTO:0000664 17475908 t miannu "We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B)." SIGNOR-262917 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser746 AMRFARRsVSDNDIR 9606 BTO:0000150 16551632 t llicata "Site-directed mutagenesis identified ser-351, ser-745, and ser-747 as akt phosphorylation sites on vcp. however, our study also suggests that other known biological activities of vcp, such as those related to intracellular trafficking, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and activation of transcription (28), might be regulated by akt through the activation of vcp. I" SIGNOR-252492 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT CFLAR protein O15519 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 phosphorylation:Ser2;Tyr182 sAEVIHQV;VQGAGTSyRNVLQAA 19597496 t "CFLAR has to be phosphorylated on Tyr211 and Ser4 by c-Abl and p38, respectively. This phosphorylation facilitated specific interaction between FLIPS and the ubiquitin E3 ligase c-Cbl" gcesareni "We therefore conclude that c-cbl is a e3 ubiquitin ligase for flips and that the interaction of flips with c-cbl requires phosphorylation of both ser4 and tyr211 of flips.This interaction triggered proteasomal degradation of FLIP(S), which promoted activation of caspase-8 and apoptosis." SIGNOR-186998 tRNA(Met) smallmolecule CHEBI:29173 ChEBI Met-tRNA(Met) chemical CHEBI:16635 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270401 CCL3 protein P10147 UNIPROT CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 15075201 t lperfetto "The purpose of this study was to determine whether certain chemokines, which are highly expressed in injured skeletal muscle, are involved in the repair and functional recovery of the muscle after traumatic injury. In wild-type control mice, mRNA transcripts of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1􏰂, MIP-1􏰃, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 as well as their major receptors, CCR5 and CCR2, increased after freeze injury and gradu- ally returned to control (uninjured) levels by 14 days." SIGNOR-251724 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1330 QMRHQSEsQGVGLSD 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t lperfetto "The brca1 (breast cancer gene 1) tumor suppressor protein is phosphorylated in response to dna damage. phosphorylation of brca1 by the checkpoint kinase atm may be critical for proper responses to dna double-strand breaks" SIGNOR-72048 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr4507 TNFTNPVyATLYMGG 9606 BTO:0000007 12789267 t lperfetto "We recently observed that the ldl receptor-related protein 1 (lrp-1) is tyrosine phosphorylated in v-src-transformed cells.Of the four tyrosine residues present in the cytoplasmic domain of lrp-1, only tyr 63 is phosphorylated by v-src in vivo or in vitro. Using fibroblasts deficient in src, yes and fyn, we were able to show that there are multiple kinases present in the cell that can phosphorylate lrp-1. Tyrosine-phosphorylated lrp-1 associates with shc, a ptb and sh2 domain containing signaling protein that is involved in the activation of ras" SIGNOR-101535 DDR1 protein Q08345 UNIPROT DDR1 protein Q08345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr513 LLLSNPAyRLLLATY 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000356 9659899 t llicata "The discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinases are activated by collagen | Here, we present evidence that stimulating DDR1- and DDR2-expressing cells with various types of collagen induces receptor autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-251086 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 16169518 t gcesareni "Recently, it has been known that er activates phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pi3k) through binding with the p85 regulatory subunit of pi3k." SIGNOR-140470 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MID2 protein Q9UJV3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270973 "Cytosolic DNA" stimulus SIGNOR-ST30 SIGNOR POLR3A protein O14802 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19631370 t miannu "These results suggest that RNA Pol-III is a cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune responses. Here we show that the cytosolic poly(dA-dT) DNA is converted into 5′-ppp RNA to induce IFN-β through the RIG-I pathway. Biochemical purification led to the identification of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III (Pol-III) as the enzyme responsible for synthesizing 5′-ppp RNA from the poly(dA-dT) template. Inhibition of RNA Pol-III prevents IFN-β induction by transfection of DNA or infection with DNA viruses." SIGNOR-265564 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr326 EVLEDNDyGRAVDWW 9534 BTO:0004055 11445557 t lperfetto "Regulation of Akt/PKB Activation by Tyrosine PhosphorylationAs shown in Fig. 2 d, while mutation of Tyr340 has little effect on either tyrosine phosphorylation or kinase activity of Akt induced by Src527F, substitution of Tyr315 or Tyr326 with a phenylalanine, respectively, dramatically reduces both the tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activity of Akt. The combination of these two mutations abolishes Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt as well as its kinase activity." SIGNOR-252623 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser69 GPLAPPAsPGPFATR 10116 15486195 t miannu "Ser69 can also be phosphorylated by JNK and p38MAPK at least in vitro. Phosphorylation of BimEL on Ser69 promotes its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-260443 NGLY1 protein Q96IV0 UNIPROT RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16401726 t miannu "The XPCB domain of Rad23 binds Png1, which in turn facilitates the substrate recognition of Rad23. Through interactions with Ub chains and the proteasome mediated by the UBA and UBL domains in Rad23, Rad23 facilitates substrate transfer to the proteasome." SIGNOR-261061 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253493 CBFB protein Q13951 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10090 11179217 t irozzo "We observed previously that the RUNX proteins are susceptible to proteolytic degradation (Ogawa et al., 1993b). In this study, we show that the ubiquitin‚proteasome system is largely responsible for this degradation. We also show that when PEBP2Œ≤ dimerizes with RUNX it inhibits the ubiquitylation of RUNX, which is necessary for the protein to be targeted for proteolysis by the proteasome." SIGNOR-255712 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr355 NFSSSPStPVGSPQG 10090 14592976 t lperfetto "Notch-induced degradation requires phosphorylation of E47 by p42/p44 MAP kinases. |Wild_type E47 but not the Mm mutant reacted to the antibodies, suggesting that E47 is at least phosphorylated at the M2 site (Figure 3A)|anti_phospho_M2 peptide (SSPSpTPVGSPQG)" SIGNOR-249117 CYSLTR1 protein Q9Y271 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257135 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr283 QGPSQTStPTDVTAI 9606 16331257 t lperfetto "These results support the hypothesis that pp1 constitutively keeps cyclin d3 in a stable, dephosphorylated state" SIGNOR-142884 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GSTP1 protein P09211 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr4 yTVVYFPV 9606 BTO:0000150 19254954 t llicata "Taken together, these results and those of the ms/ms analyses confirmed tyr-3, tyr-7, and tyr-198 to be primary residues phosphorylated by egfr in the gstp1 protein. The phosphorylation increased gstp1 enzymatic activity significantly," SIGNOR-184383 MBD2 protein Q9UBB5 UNIPROT CHD4 protein Q14839 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000776 23071088 f lperfetto "MBD2 and multiple domains of CHD4 are required for transcriptional repression by Mi-2/NuRD complexes" SIGNOR-254102 TIRAP protein P58753 UNIPROT MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11544529 t gcesareni "Here we describe a protein, Mal (MyD88-adapter-like), which joins MyD88 as a cytoplasmic TlR-domain-containing protein in the human genome. Mal activates NF-_B, Jun amino-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2." SIGNOR-252063 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 20713551 f miannu "Overexpression of SIRT1 enhanced both FoxO reporter activity and nuclear levels of FoxO1. Protein expression of MDR1 and gene transcriptional activity were also up-regulated by SIRT1 overexpression." SIGNOR-255139 ZNF804A protein Q7Z570 UNIPROT CLIC2 protein O15247 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23434502 t miannu "ZNF804A has been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia by several genome-wide association studies (GWAS), follow-up association studies and meta-analyses. ZNF804A was identified as a schizophrenia-associated gene by GWAS and was predicted to play a role in DNA binding and transcription To identify the genes that are affected by ZNF804A, we manipulated the expression of the ZNF804A protein in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell lines and performed a cDNA microarray analysis followed by qPCR. We found that ZNF804A-overexpression up-regulated four genes (ANKRD1, INHBE, PIK3AP1, and DDIT3) and down-regulated three genes (CLIC2, MGAM, and BIRC3)." SIGNOR-269465 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser36 RHDSGLDsMKDEEYE 10398585 t lperfetto "Serine 32 and serine 36 of IkappaBalpha are directly phosphorylated by protein kinase CKII in vitro|Phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha at serine 32 (S32) and serine 36 (S36) is necessary for this stimuli-induced degradation" SIGNOR-249333 (R)-salbutamol chemical CHEBI:8746 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22182578 t Luana " Salbutamol is a well-known β2 adrenoceptor (β2AR) partial agonist. | In order to gain insight, we carried out binding and functional assays for BCSDs in HEK-293T cells transfected with the human β2AR (hβ2AR). The transfected hβ2AR showed similar affinity for BCSDs and salbutamol" SIGNOR-258326 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD3D protein P04234 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000782 2470098 t "Last, we demonstrate directly that members of the CD3 complex, including the gamma, delta, and epsilon chains, as well as a putative zeta subunit, can be phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by the CD4/CD8.p56lck complex." SIGNOR-259929 DLK2 protein Q6UY11 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21419176 t gcesareni "In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, that dlk2 interacts with itself, with dlk1, and with the same notch1 receptor region as dlk1 does. We demonstrate also that the interaction of dlk2 with notch1 similarly results in an notch signaling in preadipocytes and mouse embryo fibloblasts." SIGNOR-172864 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo." SIGNOR-156868 GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10696571 t "GPCRs transduce their signal via G-protein heterotrimers (αβγ) that dissociate in free Gα-subunit protein and Gβγ-subunit protein complexes following ligand stimulation; GNG2 stands for the subunit γ, which dissociates from the receptor after the binding of GTP on α-subunit." SIGNOR-251104 EPC2 protein Q52LR7 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269306 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser705 TPSAMKSsPQIPHQT 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3. All four sites are followed by a proline residue. We have shown that purified cyclin b-cdk1 (cyclindependent kinase 1) phosphorylates these sitesalanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase." SIGNOR-216805 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation "Ser189; Ser283" SGILGITsPSADTNK;DMKANLAsPTPADIG 9606 BTO:0003079 22593617 t Gianni "In this study, we demonstrated that PAX5 was phosphorylated by ERK1/2 in vitro and in vivo at serines 189 and 283. This phosphorylation attenuated the transcriptional repression of BLIMP1 by PAX5." SIGNOR-269088 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 TKLTRIPsAKKYKDI 9606 BTO:0000149 15917297 t miannu "Pea-15 is phosphorylated on two ser residues, ser104 and ser116. Protein kinase c (pkc) phosphorylates ser104 / we report that phosphorylation of pea-15 blocks its interaction with erk1/2 in vitro and in vivo and that phosphorylation of both ser104 and ser116 is required for this effect." SIGNOR-137841 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0001538 15199055 f "Furthermore, we show that the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and caveolin-3 promoters are directly regulated by ROR and coactivated by p300 and PGC-1. This study implicates RORs in the control of lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-254262 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr653 RDIHHIDyYKKTTNG 10116 BTO:0002809;BTO:0001009 8622701 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of six additional autophosphorylation sites (y-463, y-583, y-585, y-653, y-654 and y-730) on fgfr1. We demonstrate that autophosphorylation on tyrosines 653 and 654 is important for activation of tyrosine kinase activity of fgfr1 and is therefore essential for fgfr1-mediated biological responses." SIGNOR-236195 PARD6/SMURF1 complex SIGNOR-C112 SIGNOR RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15761148 t lperfetto "The Par6-Smurf1 complex then mediates the localized ubiquitination of RhoA to enable the TGF_-dependent dissolution of tight junctions during EMT." SIGNOR-227492 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18394876 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of the two remaining akt-dependent sites inhibits foxo6 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252834 TAF1 protein P21675 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser280 VDGTGDTsSEEDEDE 9606 11278496 t lperfetto "TAFII 250 Phosphorylates Human Transcription Factor IIA on Serine Residues Important for TBP Binding and Transcription ActivityAdditional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels" SIGNOR-246630 SIX1 protein Q15475 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16488997 t "We now show that the gene encoding Ezrin is a direct transcriptional target of Six1." SIGNOR-259374 TBX5 protein Q99593 UNIPROT MTA2 protein O94776 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20802524 f miannu "TBX5 suppressed tumor cell proliferation and metastasis through the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, metastasis suppressor 1 and downregulation of synuclein gamma and metastasis-associated protein 1 family member 2." SIGNOR-255256 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CD300LB protein A8K4G0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr188 EPGEQPIyMNFSEPL 9534 16920917 t lperfetto "As CD300b phosphorylation was occurring only in the presence of both c-Fyn and DAP-12, we addressed whether tyrosine phosphorylation was required for association of CD300b and DAP-12. For this purpose, we generated a set of HA-tagged CD300b mutants affecting the transmembrane lysine (K158L), the cytoplasmic tyrosine (Y188F) or both residues.|As expected, the CD300b double mutant could neither recruit DAP-12 nor become phosphorylated in the presence of c-Fyn kinase (Fig. 5⇑C). Association between CD300b and DAP-12 was maintained in absence of the c-Fyn kinase, indicating that phosphorylation of the adaptor was not essential for the formation of the complex (data not shown)" SIGNOR-264771 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001282 18718905 t miannu "Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is associated with LEPRb and autophosphorylates in response to leptin. JAK2 also phosphorylates LEPRb, STAT3, and multiple other downstream molecules." SIGNOR-263491 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271323 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr317 PPTPGNTyQIPRTFP 9606 BTO:0000007 19881549 t lperfetto "Using both mutagenesis and mass spectrometry approaches, y242, y259, y317, y373 and y627 of gab1 were identified to be phosphorylated by c-src a gab1 mutant with substitutions of the src phosphorylation sites failed to promote hgf-induced dna synthesis" SIGNOR-236306 USH1C protein Q9Y6N9 UNIPROT "TIP-LINK complex" complex SIGNOR-C291 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The adaptor proteins harmonin and SANS, and the motor protein myosin 7a (Myo7a) bind in vitro to each other and to CDH23 (Adato et al., 2005; Bahloul et al., 2010; Boeda et al., 2002; Siemens et al., 2002) and co-localize at the upper insertion site of tip links (Grati and Kachar, 2011; Grillet et al., 2009b), suggesting that they form a protein complex important for transduction." SIGNOR-262576 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser405 KTQTPPVsPAPQPTE 9606 20444238 t gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-165208 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH10 protein Q9Y6N8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265828 HEY1 protein Q9Y5J3 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19917614 f lperfetto "Our results indicate instead that hey1 is recruited to the promoter regions of myogenin and mef2c, two genes whose induction is critical for myogenesis." SIGNOR-235819 ARHGAP10 protein A1A4S6 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260465 CDK19 protein Q9BWU1 UNIPROT CyclinC/CDK19 complex SIGNOR-C544 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004173 25344755 t lperfetto "We found that in MOLT-16 cells cyclin C physically interacts with CDK19 (Fig. 5a) and activates its kinase activity (Fig. 5e and Supplementary Fig. 4f,g)." SIGNOR-273155 MED29 protein Q9NX70 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266658 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20663871 t lperfetto "The inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), i.e. Smad6 and Smad7, are negative regulators of transforming growth factor-_ (TGF-_) family signaling. I-Smads inhibit TGF-_ family signaling principally through physical interaction with type I receptors (activin receptor-like kinases), so as to compete with receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) for activation." SIGNOR-167163 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271134 MRAP protein Q8TCY5 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce the surface expression of MC4R and also the signaling of this receptor. we observed a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of MC4R and MC5R in the presence of MRAP and MRAP2. It is interesting that MRAP and MRAP2 have opposite effects in the modulation of different MCR family members." SIGNOR-252366 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser102 LQTVIRTsPSSLVAF 9606 26190112 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This in turn leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency." SIGNOR-259861 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "PAX7/MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C90 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 t miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198632 HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 21178476 f scontino "Fusion with a B cell requires a ternary complex of gHgLgp42. Fusion is triggered by an interaction between gp42 and HLA class II." SIGNOR-266630 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT ECSIT protein Q9BQ95 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 21525932 t Giorgia "Here we demonstrate that engagement of a subset of Toll-like receptors (TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4) results in the recruitment of mitochondria to macrophage phagosomes and augments mROS production. This response involves translocation of a TLR signalling adaptor, tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), to mitochondria, where it engages the protein ECSIT (evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediate in Toll pathways), which is implicated in mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. Interaction with TRAF6 leads to ECSIT ubiquitination and enrichment at the mitochondrial periphery, resulting in increased mitochondrial and cellular ROS generation" SIGNOR-260370 RPL11 protein P62913 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262488 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 RERSRTGsESSQTGT 9606 18836482 t gcesareni "Using an in vitro kinase assay, we found that pkb can directly phosphorylate eif4b on serine 422 (ser422). This was prevented by pretreatment of cells with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) inhibitor ly294002 or pharmacological inhibition of pkb. Phosphorylation regultes the activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4b." SIGNOR-252520 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser334 SVVRESKsFTRSTVD 9606 17145764 t gcesareni "Whole cell phosphorylation assays with specific inhibitors as well as in vitro phosphorylation assays with recombinant enzymes and peptide substrates revealed that phosphorylation of ser-334 is regulated by protein kinase c-beta this study is among the first to analyze in a detailed manner, using a non-mutational approach, modifications of a defined phosphorylation site in a g protein-coupled receptor and to correlate these findings with functional parameters of receptor deactivation." SIGNOR-151015 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu73 EEKCSFEeAREVFEN 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263693 LHX2 protein P50458 UNIPROT MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 9697309 t 2 miannu "Protein complex formation between Msx1 and Lhx2 homeoproteins is incompatible with DNA binding activity" SIGNOR-241327 ARHGAP1 protein Q07960 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260458 SNX6 protein Q9UNH7 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 32150533 t miannu "Here, we discovered that the binding between SNX-BARs and CI-MPR or IGF1R is mediated by the phox-homology (PX) domain of SNX5 or SNX6 and a bipartite motif, termed SNX-BAR-binding motif (SBM), in the cargoes. our studies establish that SNX-BARs function as a direct cargo-selecting module for a large set of transmembrane proteins transiting the endosome, in addition to their roles in phospholipid recognition and biogenesis of tubular structures." SIGNOR-269443 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr567 IRVDTPHyPRWITKE -1 11812791 t "Src, Fyn, or Lyn are the essential kinases that tyrosine phosphorylate and inactivate PKC δ. Lyn phosphorylates tyrosine residue 565 in vitro" SIGNOR-251407 DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT SYP protein P08247 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10823955 t miannu "The GTPase dynamin I is required for synaptic vesicle (SV) endocytosis. Our observation that dynamin binds to the SV protein synaptophysin in a Ca2+-dependent fashion suggested the possibility that a dynamin/synaptophysin complex functions in SV recycling." SIGNOR-264119 Isoetharine chemical CHEBI:6005 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7576010 t miannu "The affinities of D2 receptors for agonists and antagonists were compared for receptors labeled with [1251]-7-OHPIPAT and with [*251]-NCQ-298 under conditions that promote, respectively, coupling or uncoupling of receptors to G proteins. Table 1." SIGNOR-258432 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5‚Ä≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-267514 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT UBA52 protein P62987 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser65 DYNIQKEsTLHLVLR 10090 BTO:0002572 24784582 t "Here we report that ubiquitin is the genuine substrate of PINK1. PINK1 phosphorylated ubiquitin at Ser 65 both in vitro and in cells, and a Ser 65 phosphopeptide derived from endogenous ubiquitin was only detected in cells in the presence of PINK1 and following a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential." SIGNOR-270342 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SI protein P14410 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser7 sGLEISLI -1 8521865 t miannu "This paper reports the phosphorylation of the intracellular N-terminal tail of sucrase-isomaltase by protein kinase A and shows that this phosphorylation is targeted to Ser6 within a sequence Arg/Lys/Lys-Phe-Ser, which is conserved in all sucrase-isomaltase sequences known so far." SIGNOR-263157 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser301 IQSNLDFsPVNSASS 9606 21765472 t lperfetto "Chk1 itself is also subject to cdk-mediated phosphorylation at serines 286 and 301 (s286 and 301). We show that chk1 s301 phosphorylation increases as cells progress through s and g2 and that both cdk1 and cdk2 are likely to contribute to this modification in vivo. We also find that substitution of s286 and s301 with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues strongly attenuates dna damage-induced chk1 activation and g2 checkpoint proficiency" SIGNOR-175075 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1261 PTLESAQyPGILPSP 10090 BTO:0001909 15557120 t miannu "Fyn tyrosine kinase, but not Src, regulates the phosphorylation of DCC in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells.Both DCC phosphorylation and Netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth are impaired in Fyn(-/-) CN and spinal cord explants. We propose that DCC is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and that Fyn is essential for the response of axons to Netrin-1. these results show that DCC is phosphorylated by Fyn, but not Src, in N1E-115 cells, and that tyrosines 1261 and 1418 are the major phosphorylation sites of Fyn in vivo." SIGNOR-268175 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0001516 23246379 f miannu "Grb10 transduces signal from FLT3 by direct interaction with p85 and Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD cells expressing Grb10 exhibits higher STAT5 activation. These results suggest that Grb10 binds to both normal and oncogenic FLT3 and induces PI3K-Akt and STAT5 signaling pathways resulting in an enhanced proliferation, survival and colony formation of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-260083 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser389 INKKQATsPASKKPA 10090 BTO:0000944 SIGNOR-C16 11698641 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ubf at serine 388 is required for interaction with rna polymerase i and activation of rdna transcription. After g(1) progression ubf is phosphorylated at serine 388 by cdk2/cyclin e and cdk2/cyclin a. Conversion of serine 388 to glycine abolishes ubf activity" SIGNOR-235419 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12514131 t gcesareni "We confirmed that posh binds activated rac1 and find that it also binds all mlk family members tested and interacts with mkk4/7 as well as jnk1 and jnk2." SIGNOR-96952 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 25790864 t gcesareni "SGK1 is known to inhibit another intrinsic pathway, the Hedgehog pathway, through downregulation of SMO and the GLI transcription factor family" SIGNOR-251672 PTMA protein P06454 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12522243 t "PHAP proteins promoted caspase-9 activation after apoptosome formation, whereas ProT negatively regulated caspase-9 activation by inhibiting apoptosome formation." SIGNOR-259079 COX7C protein P15954 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267754 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser198 SDELMEFsLKDQEAK 9606 11897663 t lperfetto "The nuclear accumulation of active m-phase promoting factor (mpf) during prophase is thought to be essential for coordinating m-phase events in vertebrate cells. The protein phosphatase cdc25c, an activator of mpf, enters the nucleus to keep mpf active in the nucleus during prophase. these results suggest that plk1 phosphorylates cdc25c on ser198 and regulates nuclear translocation of cdc25c during prophase." SIGNOR-115993 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18025157 f "We show that the ID1 and ID2 promoters are activated by PML-RARα but, unexpectedly, not by wild-type RARα/RXR. In contrast, PML-RARα transactivated the promoter more than 12-fold in an ATRA-dependent fashion." SIGNOR-255728 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser29 ATKVARKsAPATGGV 10090 12773393 t lperfetto "The results presented here show that MSK2 and, to a lesser extent, MSK1 are the major protein kinases required for the phosphorylation of histone H3 at both Ser10 and Ser28" SIGNOR-249212 FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21959933 t lperfetto "Aggregation-induced conformational changes in fas lead to the formation of the death-inducing signalling complex (disc) which involves recruitment of the adaptor protein fadd/mort1 through a homotypic interaction of death domains, present in both the intracellular region of fas and the c-terminus of fadd." SIGNOR-176651 CNTF protein P26441 UNIPROT LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10966616 t gcesareni "Ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf) is a cytokine supporting the differentiation and survival of various cell types in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Its receptor complex consists of a non-signaling alpha chain, cntfr, and two signaling beta chains, gp130 and the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (lifr)" SIGNOR-81382 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP35 protein Q9NRY4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1150 LERGRKVsIVSKPVL 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 19103606 t gcesareni "Rho-kinase, an effector of rhoa, phosphorylated p190a rhogap at ser(1150) and attenuated p190a rhogap activity in cos7 cells." SIGNOR-182849 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser715 YQSTIPQsPSPAPDD 9606 BTO:0000801 16973330 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-2" gcesareni "These straddle the target residue, ser(579), for erk2 phosphorylation of pde4d3. Mutation of either or both of these docking sites prevented erk2 from being co-immunoprecipitated with pde4d3, ablated the ability of epidermal growth factor to inhibit pde4d3 through erk2 action in transfected cos cells, and attenuated the ability of erk2 to phosphorylate pde4d3 in vitro." SIGNOR-149570 PIN4 protein Q9Y237 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" isomerization 9606 BTO:0000599 23720771 t lperfetto "In this study, the association of Par14 with insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was demonstrated in HepG2 cells|Therefore, although Pin1 and Par14 associate with different portions of IRS-1, the prolyl cis/trans isomerization in multiple sites of IRS-1 by these isomerases appears to be critical for efficient insulin receptor-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation|Par14 overexpression in HepG2 markedly enhanced insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation and its downstream events" SIGNOR-265756 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT HOXD3 protein P31249 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8890171 t miannu "We show that HMG1 interacts with proteins encoded by the HOX gene family by establishing protein-protein contacts between the HMG box domains and the HOX homeodomain. The functional role of these interactions was studied using the transcriptional activity of the human HOXD9 protein as a model. HMG1 enhances, in a dose-dependent fashion, the sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro, and the transcriptional activation in a co-transfection assay in vivo, of the HOXD9 protein." SIGNOR-219980 MDH2 protein P40926 UNIPROT (S)-malate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15589 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-266284 RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT NFYB protein P25208 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15496512 t miannu "Coactivator RNF4 is involved in the GCH gene expression. Through serial deletion and mutagenesis studies of the GCH promoter, we defined the RNF4-responsive element on GCH proximal promoter as a CCAAT box. RNF4 did not possess specific DNA binding activity toward this CCAAT box, which suggests that RNF4 may be a coactivator of the CCAAT boxbinding protein nuclear factor Y (NF-Y). RNF4 is a coactivator for nuclear factor Y on GTP cyclohydrolase I proximal promoter." SIGNOR-252230 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser789 QSVDKVTsPTKV 9606 BTO:0001260 10514499 t lperfetto "Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) phosphorylate the high molecular mass isoform of the actin-binding protein caldesmon (h-cad) at two sites (ser(759) and ser(789)) during smooth muscle stimulation. Nmr spectroscopy shows that the actin binding properties of the minimal inhibitory region of caldesmon, residues 750-779, alter upon map kinase phosphorylation of ser-759, a residue not involved in actin binding. This phosphorylation leads to markedly diminished actin affinity as a result of the loss of interaction at one of the two sites that bind to f-actin." SIGNOR-71037 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLEK protein P08567 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser113 GQKFARKsTRRSIRL 9606 7559487 t miannu "Pleckstrin is a substrate for protein kinase c / a combination of phosphopeptide analysis and site-directed mutagenesis shows that three residues in the intervening sequence between the two pleckstrin ph domains become phosphorylated: ser113, thr114, and ser117. /these results suggest that the phosphorylation of at least two of the sites is required for maximal pleckstrin activity" SIGNOR-28880 Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 18697834 f "Simone Vumbaca" "[…] we suggest that Wnt1, Wnt3a and Wnt5a result in the accumulation of Act-β-Cat" SIGNOR-255652 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser455 SIDSEPGsPLLDDAK 9606 14988395 t lperfetto "Insulin-activated erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 at serine residues 432 and 455 in vivo.Further characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and promoter reporter gene analyses revealed that phosphorylation does not influence protein/dna interaction, but enhances trans-activity." SIGNOR-123053 PRL protein P01236 UNIPROT KRT14 protein P02533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 20103718 f Regulation miannu "PRL up-regulated expression of keratins K5 and K14 and the epithelial stem cell-associated keratins K15 and K19 in organ-cultured HFs and/or isolated HF keratinocytes." SIGNOR-251902 HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257355 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser266 QYLGSIAsPSVHPAT 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" lperfetto "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-244707 ARHGEF12 protein Q9NZN5 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260539 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Upregulation of PTGS2, ANPEP, KDR, UGT8, INHBA, ERMAP, RALGPS1 and SPON1 was confirmed." SIGNOR-261662 "2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:11563 ChEBI "2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16132 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 17804405 t miannu "Biochemical characterization of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isozymes indicated that one of them, designated PGM2 in man (PGM1 in mouse) was more active as a phosphopentomutase than as a phosphoglucomutase, whereas mammalian PGM1 (equivalent to PGM2 in mouse) has a phosphopentomutase activity representing only about 0.2% of its phosphoglucomutase activity. Phosphopentomutase catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses." SIGNOR-267093 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 9606 17828307 t gcesareni "Fak y397 phosphorylation promotes src sh2 domain binding to fak, presumably leading to conformational src activation with a fak-src complex." SIGNOR-157763 PIK3R3 protein Q92569 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32606738 t miannu "N this study, we aimed to explore the interaction of p55PIK with p53 and the role of p55PIK in regulating p53-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. We found that p55PIK directly binds to the DBD domain of p53 via N24 domain. Moreover, the upregulation of p55PIK expression increases transcriptional levels of p53-dependent apoptosis-related genes including GADD45α, S100A9, MDM2 and AIP1. Furthermore, synthetic N24 translocated to nucleus can significantly inhibit cancer cell growth." SIGNOR-261492 5-(1,1-Dimethylheptyl)-2-[5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl]phenol chemical CID:104895 PUBCHEM CNR2 protein P34972 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257474 SRP54 protein P61011 UNIPROT SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8816452 t Monia "We have now demonstrated that p54 interacts not only with SC35 and ASF/SF2 but also with U2AF. Pairwise interactions between p54 and other RS domain-containing spliceosomal proteins in comparison with SC35 and ASF/SF2 as detected by the yeast two-hybrid interaction assay. . It is conceivable that p54 can mediate 59 and 39 splice site interaction by interacting directly with U2AF65 associated with the 39 splice site and at the same time interact with other SR proteins, such as ASF/SF2 and SC35, which in turn interact with U1-70K. In this scenario, p54 is different from SC35 or ASF/SF2 in that it cannot directly interact with the 59 component (U1-70K) but can interact with the protein associated with the 39 splice site (U2AF65)." SIGNOR-261161 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser273 AGTRRREsLGKKAKR -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249004 EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr594 TYVDPHTyEDPNQAV 9606 18387945 t lperfetto "The binding of ephrin ligands to eph receptors induces the transphosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domains and initiates kinase activity.Taken together, these results suggest that tyr587, tyr593, tyr771, and tyr734 are likely to be autophospho-rylated in vascular endothelial cells." SIGNOR-178173 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-270211 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1337 QVFYNSEyGELSEPS 9606 20431062 t lperfetto "Vegfr-3 is a direct c-src target and mass spectrometry analysis identified the sites phosphorylated by c-src as tyrosine 830, 833, 853, 1063, 1333, and 1337, demonstrating that integrin-mediated receptor phosphorylation induces a phosphorylation pattern that is distinct from that induced by growth factors. Furthermore, pull-down assays show that integrin-mediated vegfr-3 phosphorylation activates the recruitment to the receptor of the adaptor proteins crki/ii and shc inducing activation of jnk." SIGNOR-165043 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "Food intake" phenotype SIGNOR-PH152 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33094623 f miannu "Enhanced melanocortin signaling in the hypothalamus results in both decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure. Adipose tissue derived hormone leptin induces negative energy balance by stimulating α-MSH and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) (Friedman 1997, Kask et al. 1998). Increased melanocortin signaling in hypotalamus leads not only to decreased food intake but also increases sympathetic nervous system outflow to skeletal muscle, energy expenditure and physical activity" SIGNOR-263504 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser855 EPMRRSVsEAALAQP 9606 SIGNOR-C15 9636039 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of bovine hormone-sensitive lipase by the amp-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-58255 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 BTO:0000142 10226025 t acerquone "Protein kinase b (pkb) is activated by phosphorylation of thr308 and of ser473. Thr308 is phosphorylated by the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1) but the identity of the kinase that phosphorylates ser473 (provisionally termed pdk2) is unknown." SIGNOR-67363 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131574 APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT LDL_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH63 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23721961 f miannu "Apolipoprotein B is a structural protein that is an integral component of chylomicrons, as well as very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles." SIGNOR-252116 aripiprazole chemical CHEBI:31236 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002181 22025698 t Luana "Through a robust diversity-oriented modification of the scaffold represented by aripiprazole (1), we discovered UNC9975 (2), UNC0006 (3), and UNC9994 (4) as unprecedented β-arrestin–biased D2R ligands. " SIGNOR-258319 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t lperfetto "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-195681 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT PRRX1 protein P54821 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9334314 t miannu "Spin binds specifically to multiple sequences in the c-fos promoter and interacts cooperatively withphox1to promote serum-inducible transcription of a reporter gene driven by the c-fos serum response element (sre)." SIGNOR-52654 SLC24A1 protein O60721 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264390 ODC1 protein P11926 UNIPROT spermidine smallmolecule CHEBI:16610 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14617280 t miannu "Arginase generates ornithine, an aminoacid that can be further metabolized to proline via ornithine aminotransferase and to polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)" SIGNOR-256038 CYSLTR2 protein Q9NS75 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256889 EDN3 protein P14138 UNIPROT EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 8086489 t gcesareni "These results demonstrate that lys-161 of the receptor is important for high affinity binding with et-3 which, in part, confers the non-selective binding characteristics of the etb receptor for et isopeptides." SIGNOR-36017 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 29901072 t miannu "AT7519, a pyrazole 3-carboxyamide compound, was developed by Astex and acts as an inhibitor of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and CDK9." SIGNOR-262219 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT HOXB13 protein Q92826 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001130 19013255 f miannu "Recruitment of HDAC4 by transcription factor YY1 represses HOXB13 to affect cell growth in AR-negative prostate cancers." SIGNOR-254233 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258187 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser89 AQHVRSHsSPASLQL 9606 22658639 t "Together,the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex promotes proliferative and survival programs." milica "In response to high cell densities, activated LATS1/2 phosphorylates the WW-domain containing transcriptional co-activators YAP at Ser127 and TAZ at Ser89, promoting 14-3-3 binding and thereby inhibiting their translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-197643 AARS1 protein P49588 UNIPROT tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:29170 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32314272 t miannu "Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N)." SIGNOR-270445 DPH5 protein Q9H2P9 UNIPROT EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation His715 TLHADAIhRGGGQII 9606 23486472 t "Analysis of EF2 in the mutant cells revealed a novel form of diphthamide with an additional methyl group that prevented ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of EF2. The abnormal methylation appeared to be catalyzed by DPH5." SIGNOR-261146 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0000848 23450633 t gcesareni "Thrombin, actin through par1 promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration and contributes to the metastatic potenital of breast, prostate, gastrointestinal cancers and melanoma." SIGNOR-199788 FER protein P16591 UNIPROT FER protein P16591 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr714 RQEDGGVySSSGLKQ 9534 10998246 t "P94fer undergoes autophosphorylation in-trans in vivo and that oligomerization mediates this process. the N-terminal sequences of the FER tyrosine kinases direct their different cellular autophosphorylation states, thereby dictating their different cellular functions." SIGNOR-251133 BTG2 protein P78543 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 22493435 f miannu "BTG2 was found to up-regulate expression of antioxidant enzymes known to be regulated by NFE2L2, including catalase, SOD1, and SOD2" SIGNOR-254648 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1474 GSSNGHVyEKLSSIE 11483655 t lperfetto "We have investigated the tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src and Fyn and compared this to phosphorylation by tyrosine kinases associated with the postsynaptic density (PSD)|Phosphorylation-site specific antibodies identified NR2B Tyr1472 as a phosphorylation site for intrinsic PSD tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-249338 trametinib chemical CHEBI:75998 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26347206 t miannu "Trametinib (Mekinist™) is a reversible and highly selective allosteric inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 with anticancer activity against metastatic melanoma carrying the BRAF V600 mutation." SIGNOR-259446 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr231 TRNKVRKtFVGTPCW 9606 17190791 t gcesareni "Activation of wnk1 coincides with the phosphorylation and activation of two wnk1 substrates, namely, the protein kinases ste20/sps1-related proline alanine-rich kinase (spak) and oxidative stress response kinase-1 (osr1)." SIGNOR-151671 XL147 chemical CHEBI:71957 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252659 BST1 protein Q10588 UNIPROT NAD(+) smallmolecule CHEBI:15846 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR." SIGNOR-264250 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264285 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-N-[2-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-2-benzofurancarboxamide chemical CHEBI:92223 ChEBI HDAC10 protein Q969S8 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-202108 GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT Ossification phenotype SIGNOR-PH74 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21976273 f miannu "Growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, is essential for cartilage, bone, and joint formation." SIGNOR-252419 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CRKL protein P46109 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 21779437 f lperfetto "Negative regulation of crk by abl is essential for the antitumorigenic effects of ephrinb2,similar pathways may operate for crkl" SIGNOR-175138 C8B protein P07358 UNIPROT "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30552328 t lperfetto "The human MAC pore was formed on liposomes from individual complement proteins. |The maps were further subdivided into three components: an asymmetric region (C5b, C6, C7, and C8), a hinge region (C7, C8, and two C9 molecules), and a C9 oligomer" SIGNOR-263444 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 SVPSAAVtPLNESLQ 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134549 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr564 SKHKEDVyENLHTKN 9606 BTO:0001412 8692915 t gcesareni "Treatment with ionizing radiation is associated with c-Abl-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of SHPTP1. The results demonstrate that the SH3 domain of c-Abl interacts with a WPDHGVPSEP motif (residues 417-426) in the catalytic domain of SHPTP1 and that c-Abl phosphorylates C terminal Y536 and Y564 sites." SIGNOR-246231 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser368 QRPSSRAsSRASSRP 10116 10871288 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of connexin43 on serine368 by protein kinase C regulates gap junctional communication.|These data strongly suggest that PKC directly phosphorylates Cx43 on S368 in vivo, which results in a change in single channel behavior that contributes to a decrease in intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249050 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 18423396 t lperfetto "Akt1/PKBalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-252836 FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 1532572 t gcesareni "Integrin alpha v beta 6 binds to fibronectin, but not to vitronectin or collagen i. cell adhesion assays show that fg-2 cell attachment to fibronectin is only partially inhibited by anti-beta 1 integrin antibodies, implying that other fibronectin receptors may be involved." SIGNOR-19793 UQCRC1 protein P31930 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262198 C3AR1 protein Q16581 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001669 9108406 f lperfetto " In summary, these findings indicate that C3a and C5a serve as chemotaxins for human mast cells. Anaphylatoxin-mediated recruitment of mast cells might play an important role in hypersensitivity and inflammatory processes." SIGNOR-263472 SRT1720 chemical CID:25232708 PUBCHEM SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18046409 t Selleck gcesareni "Here we describe the identification and characterization of small molecule activators of SIRT1 that are structurally unrelated to, and 1,000-fold more potent than, resveratrol." SIGNOR-207114 "Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C473 SIGNOR phenylalanine smallmolecule CHEBI:28044 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270439 ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257365 ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 16402920 t lperfetto "In the present study, we have analysed the expression and functional characteristics of SERCA2c relative to SERCA2a and SERCA2b isoforms upon their stable heterologous expression in HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney 293 cells). All SERCA2 proteins induced an increased Ca2+ content in the ER of intact transfected cells." SIGNOR-262050 HSD3B2 protein P26439 UNIPROT progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 2243100 t lperfetto "Three beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase (3 beta-HSD) catalyze the oxidative conversion of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroids to the delta 4-3-keto configuration and is therefore essential for the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids, namely progesterone, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens." SIGNOR-268634 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser15 GLGGGAAsPPAASPF 9534 BTO:0000298 12756254 t miannu "After mapping JNK-dependent JIP1 phosphorylation sites and testing their functional significance, it was observed that phosphorylation by JNK of JIP1 on Thr-103 and not other phosphorylated JIP1 residues is necessary for the regulation of DLK association with JIP1, DLK activation, and subsequent module activation. The data presented corroborates our previous observations using endogenous proteins, demonstrates that JNK binding to JIP1 is necessary for module activation, and shows that activation of JIP1-JNK module dynamics requires phosphorylation of JIP1 on Thr-103 by JNK. and Thr-205 are phosphorylated directly by JNK after JNK binds to JIP1." SIGNOR-250123 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser733 TVREQDQsFTALDWS 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 10195894 t lperfetto "Once activated, ikkbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased ikk activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response" SIGNOR-66344 SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18854943 t fferrentino "This Smad1/4 complex can directly interact with Shn-2 and C/EBP a on the PPAR g promoter thus, resulting in the transcriptional activation of PPAR g" SIGNOR-253552 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1738 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269371 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256780 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001106 21536859 f miannu "We further demonstrate that ERG expression in primary human T-ALL cells is mediated by the binding of other T-cell oncogenes SCL/TAL1, LMO2, and LYL1 in concert with ERG, FLI1, and GATA3 to the ERG +85 enhancer." SIGNOR-253924 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser832 GISPYFSsRRSSEAS 9606 BTO:0000007 16611981 t lperfetto "The degradation of Gli2 requires the phosphorylation of a cluster of numerous serine residues in its carboxyl terminus by protein kinase A and subsequently by casein kinase 1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3." SIGNOR-249589 RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005822 28642685 t miannu "Here, we report an interaction of the C2B domain of RIM2α and RIM3γ with the C-terminus of the pore-forming α-subunit of CaV1.3 channels (CaV1.3α1), which mediate stimulus-secretion coupling at the ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). In conclusion, we propose that RIM2α and RIM3γ directly interact with the C-terminus of the pore-forming subunit of CaV1.3 Ca2+ channels and positively regulate their plasma membrane expression in HEK293 cells." SIGNOR-264357 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT CLDN7 protein O95471 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001570 19277896 f lperfetto "We propose that CtBP1 is recruited by SNAI1P at the CLDN7 gene promoter indirectly through another yet to be identified protein. Based on our observations, we propose a model for SNAI1P-mediated down regulation of human CLDN7 gene expression by chromatin remodeling" SIGNOR-254104 androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol smallmolecule CHEBI:2710 ChEBI testosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17347 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10116 BTO:0000534;BTO:0000056 1537836 t lperfetto "We have recently characterized two types of rat 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD) isoenzymes expressed in adrenals and gonads. | However, in the presence of NADH, type III isoenzyme, in common with the type I isoform, converts 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione (A-dione) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to the corresponding 3 beta-hydroxysteroids." SIGNOR-268640 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KIF20B protein Q96Q89 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1644 VKHPGCTtPVTVKIP 9606 11470801 t miannu "Here we report the identification of a novel KRP, termed KRMP1, which undergoes in vivo phosphorylation. The carboxyl-terminal globular tail domain is strongly phosphorylated by mitotic kinase activities almost attributed to cdc2 kinase, which is responsible for phosphorylation on residue Thr-1604 of KRMP1." SIGNOR-262695 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr597 FYVDFREyEYDLKWE 9606 BTO:0001271 11971190 t lperfetto "Previously we reported that flt3 with itd (flt3/itd) formed a homodimer and was autophosphorylated on tyrosine residuewe examined the role of tyr residues (y589, y591, y597 and y599) in the jm domain in the activation of flt3. In wt-flt3, these tyr residues were important for the fl-dependent activation" SIGNOR-117579 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161581 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Mark and pka phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably the kxgs motifs including ser262, ser324, and ser356, plus ser320)tau pseudophosphorylation at specific sites such as s262, s293, s324 and s356 was reported to induce tau conformational change and attenuate tau binding to microtubules (fischer et al., 2009). Then, newly soluble tau proteins are targeted by post-translational modifications that directly or indirectly alter tau conformation, promoting tau dimerization in an anti-parallel manner. Stable tau dimers form tau oligomers, which continue in the aggregation process" SIGNOR-171050 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser205 LATPPTLsSTVLIVR 9606 BTO:0001938 12815053 t lperfetto "Plk1 interacts with BRCA2 in vivo, and mutation of Ser193, Ser205/206, and Thr203/207 to Ala in BR-N1 abolished Plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that BRCA2 is the substrate of Plk1. Furthermore, both the hyperphosphorylated and hypophosphorylated forms of BRCA2 bind to RAD51, whereas the M phase hyperphosphorylated form of BRCA2 no longer associates with the P/CAF, suggesting that the dissociation of P/CAF-BRCA2 complex is regulated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249218 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MEX3C protein Q5U5Q3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271030 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 25506346 t lperfetto "The GM-CSF receptor forms a dodecamer structure and recruits JAK2, leading to the activation of STAT5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT), and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and IRF5" SIGNOR-249508 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15507492 t miannu "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-268086 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser132 GGDAPSPsKRPWARQ 9606 18710826 t tpavlidou "Thus, recombinant phd1 was examined for in vitro phosphorylation using protein kinase a, protein kinase calpha, casein kinase i and ii and erk2. The protein was most strongly phosphorylated by protein kinase calpha, and the phosphorylation sites were found to be ser-132, ser-226 and ser-234.Mutation Of ser-132 or ser-234 to asp or glu diminished the enzymatic activity to 25-60%, while mutation of ser-226 scarcely influenced the activity." SIGNOR-180199 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT USP6 protein P35125 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12612085 t miannu "In quiescent cells, tre17 is localized to intracellular filamentous and punctate structures in the cytoplasm, folded in an inactive conformation. Upon growth factor addition, cdc42 and rac1 become activated and recruit tre17 to the plasma membrane. Stable membrane localization of tre17 also requires polymerized actin. This recruitment process leads to a conformational change in tre17, such that the n-terminal portion of the molecule further stimulates the accumulation of cortical actin." SIGNOR-98938 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr383 HYRYSDTtDSDPENE 9606 21779440 t gcesareni "The C-terminal tail of PTEN is also the target of mutations in tumors. As mentioned, this region contains the main phosphorylation sites mapped to residues Ser362, Thr366, Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, and the kinases involved are casein kinase 2 (CK2), GSK3_, LKB1, and MAST.84,97-101 The phosphorylation of the tail has been shown to enhance PTEN stability but at the same time decrease its phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-89830 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT FHOD1 protein Q9Y613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1131 AARERKRsRGNRKSL 9606 18239683 t lperfetto "Rock phosphorylates the c-terminal residues ser1131, ser1137, and thr1141 of formin homology domain protein 1 (fhod1). Phosphorylation of fhod1 at the three residues fully disrupts the autoinhibitory interaction, which culminates in formation of stress fibres." SIGNOR-160544 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 30017632 t miannu "Smad7 inhibits both transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)- and BMP-induced Smad signaling. Smad7 can use both surfaces in its interaction with the ALK-2, -3, and -4 receptors, but only the basic groove is used in the interaction between Smad7 and the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI, also known as ALK-5)." SIGNOR-260438 RLIM protein Q9NVW2 UNIPROT LDB1 protein Q86U70 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10029 BTO:0000246 11882901 t miannu "Here we identify RLIM as a ubiquitin protein ligase that is able to target CLIM cofactors for degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-272617 dacomitinib chemical CHEBI:132268 ChEBI ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 23405260 t gcesareni "The goal of this study was to compare dacomitinib (pf-00299804), a next generation small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that irreversibly blocks multiple her family receptors (her-1 (egfr), her-2 and her-4 tyrosine kinases), to cetuximab, the current fda approved anti-egfr medication for hnscc and erlotinib, an egfr specific small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor." SIGNOR-200908 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT hsa-mir-223 mirna URS000037EC34_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25092144 f miannu "We could show that STAT5 is involved in miR-155 induction. STAT5 knockdown in FLT3-ITD model systems reduced miR-155 expression in vitro and in vivo. In silico analyses predicted an STAT binding site in the miR-155 promoter." SIGNOR-255817 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2D4 protein Q9Y2X8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271341 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:27978 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-264181 (S)-(-)-sulpiride chemical CHEBI:64119 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258734 F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR Platelet_morphogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH135 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 f lperfetto "Each step in platelet shape change involves the participation of a variety of actin filament-related proteins that are highly concentrated in platelets (Fig. 1). In resting human platelets, the actin filaments from the core to the membrane skeleton are tightly bound to the plasma membrane by GP1b/IX-filamin A complexes " SIGNOR-261839 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 SPSRLSKsQGGEEEG 9606 BTO:0000567 20543138 t fstefani "Maf1, a repressor that binds and inhibits pol iii, is phosphorylated in a mtor-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo at serine 75" SIGNOR-166054 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT FABP7 protein O15540 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16554461 f gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that neuronal induction of radial glia formation is the result of sequential signaling through notch1 and erbb receptors. First, notch1 activation by neuronal contact induces the glial expression of the brain lipid binding protein (blbp) and erbb2 genes." SIGNOR-145365 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT IRF8 protein Q02556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001413 11483597 t miannu "We found that tyrosine phosphorylated ICSBP activates CYBB and NCF2 transcription, during late myeloid differentiation, by interacting with PU.1, IRF1 and CBP." SIGNOR-222880 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20921405 f gcesareni "Nf-kb activation following t-cell receptor engagement induces the expression of mdm2 through interaction with nf-kb sites in its p1 promoter" SIGNOR-168296 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ARHGDIA protein P52565 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser174 KGMLARGsYSIKSRF 9606 18768928 t llicata "The results indicate that phosphorylation of gdi_ at ser174 by pka suppresses rhoa activity, providing a potential protective signaling mechanism for inflammatory injury." SIGNOR-180576 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000848 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-236155 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser8 MESEMLQsPLLGLGE 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-169530 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIN1 protein Q05586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser896 SSFKRRRsSKDTSTG 10116 BTO:0000938 15936117 t miannu "Serines 890 and 896 of the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 are differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase C isoforms. The results show that PKC alpha phosphorylates preferentially S896 and PKC gamma preferentially S890." SIGNOR-263177 RORC protein P51449 UNIPROT Th17 phenotype SIGNOR-PH94 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16990136 f "MARCO ROSINA" "Our results demonstrate that RORgt is the transcription factor that directs the differentiation of inflammatory Th17 cells" SIGNOR-255028 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr239 VPEMPGEtPPLSPID 9606 1846781 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of recombinant human c-jun proteins in vitro by gsk-3 decreases their dna-binding activity." SIGNOR-21784 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR SUDS3 protein Q9H7L9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser228 RTLNKLKsPKRPASP 9606 BTO:0000007 15489224 t miannu "Cdk5/p35 phosphorylates mSds3 and regulates mSds3-mediated repression of transcription. the dimerization of the phosphorylation-deficient mutant of mSds3 (S228A) was not greatly enhanced by p35 when compared with wild type (Fig. 5D). This finding suggests that the phosphorylation of mSds3 by active Cdk5 increases the homodimerization potential of mSds3." SIGNOR-262739 HOOK3 protein Q86VS8 UNIPROT MARCO protein Q9UEW3 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801 17237231 t miannu "We have identified a microtubule-binding protein, hook3, as a novel interacting partner of sr-a. / by transfecting small interfering rna targeting hook3, total and surface expression, receptor-mediated ligand uptake and protein stability of sr-a were significantly promoted, whereas the protein synthesis and maturation were not altered. We propose for the first time that hook3 may participate in the turnover of the endocytosed scavenger receptor" SIGNOR-152268 EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT ADSL protein P30566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" hydroxylation Pro24 LASRYASpEMCFVFS 9606 BTO:0000007 31729379 t miannu "ADSL is hydroxylated by EglN2 on Proline 24. An integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveals that ADSL activates the oncogenic cMYC pathway by regulating cMYC protein level via a mechanism requiring ADSL proline 24 hydroxylation. ADSL regulates cMYC protein level through adenosine levels" SIGNOR-266613 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 17643117 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Pim1-dependent phosphorylation of histone h3 at serine 10 is required for myc-dependent transcriptional activation and oncogenic transformation." SIGNOR-156946 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PTTG2 protein Q9NZH5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser165 LFQLGPPsPVKMPSP 9606 BTO:0000567 10656688 t miannu "HPTTG is phosphorylated by Cdc2 at Ser165. we show that hPTTG is phosphorylated during mitosis. The direct phosphorylation of hPTTG by Cdc2 is interesting in itself since the substrates of this master mitotic kinase are supposed to play important roles in the initiation and progression of mitosis." SIGNOR-262700 acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:43074 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 29597274 t lperfetto "Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase (mHS, EC 2.3.3.10) catalyzes the condensation reaction between acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA in ketone body synthesis" SIGNOR-267651 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24583263 f irozzo "We also identify Spi1 as a common downstream target gene of Etv2 and Gata2. We provide evidence that Etv2 and Gata2 bind to the Spi1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Etv2 and Gata2 synergistically transactivate Spi1 gene expression." SIGNOR-256007 PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000627 8866550 f "inferred from family member" miannu "The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays a primary role in the glucose-responsive secretion of insulin, and defects of this enzyme can cause NIDDM. As a step toward understanding the molecular basis of glucokinase (GK) gene regulation, we assessed the structure and regulation of the human GK gene beta-cell-type promoter. The results of reporter gene analyses using HIT-T15 cells revealed that the gene promoter was comprised of multiple cis-acting elements, including two primarily important cis-motifs: a palindrome structure, hPal-1, and the insulin gene cis-motif A element-like hUPE3. While both elements were bound specifically by nuclear proteins, it was the homeodomain-containing transcription factor insulin promoter factor 1 (IPF1)/STF-1/PDX-1 that bound to the hUPE3 site: IPF1, when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, became bound to the hUPE3 site and activated transcription." SIGNOR-267798 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255533 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17873901 f gcesareni "Foxo1a strongly activated p15ink4b transcription and p19ink4d transcription, while foxo3a showed higher p19ink4d transcription activity than p15ink4b transcription activity" SIGNOR-252917 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 18066051 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Together, these experiments indicate that Pax7 enforces satellite cell commitment by recruiting a HMT complex to Myf5, resulting in transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-255641 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT LIG1 protein P18858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser66 KAARVLGsEGEEEDE 9606 BTO:0000567 12851383 t lperfetto "Moreover, these data confirmed the occurrence of Ser66 phosphorylation, which was previously studied with a specific monoclonal antibody (23)." SIGNOR-103258 levomilnacipran chemical CHEBI:136040 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 18468895 t Luana "Studies on a series of milnacipran analogs containing a heteroaromatic group as potent norepinephrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors" SIGNOR-257946 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT GKAP1 protein Q5VSY0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser106 SNPVQKDsREENWQE 9534 10671526 t lperfetto "Although both cGK-Ialpha and -Ibeta, but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase, phosphorylated GKAP42 in vitro, GKAP42 was a good substrate only for cGK-Ialpha in intact cells, suggesting that the association with kinase protein is required for the phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-249037 NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 10026169 t lperfetto "Both nck and grb4 proteins could associate with receptor tyrosine kinases and the sh3-binding proteins pak, sos1, and prk2, and they synergized with v-abl and sos to induce gene expression via the transcription factor elk-1. Association of nck with pak1 may serve to link this important regulatory kinase to cell activation by growth factor receptors." SIGNOR-236512 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr66 EPICSVNtPREVTLH -1 16226275 t lperfetto "First, Erk phosphorylates HePTP at residues Thr45 and Ser72. Second, HePTP dephosphorylates Erk at PTyr185.|" SIGNOR-249476 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004914 22190977 f "Exposure of RA FLSs to TNF-α (10 ng/ml) led to increase of Hes-1, a target gene of Notch signaling, and a marked upregulation of Notch 2, Delta-like 1, and Delta-like 3 mRNA levels." SIGNOR-253605 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 15780598 t lperfetto "Upon ligand binding, IL-2R , IL-6R or LeptinR , IFN-_R , IFN-_R and PRLR or growth hormone (GH) receptor associated JAKs become activated. These JAKs mediate phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues and recruit STATs. Activated STATs are released from the receptor and translocate to the nucleus. PTP1B dephosphorylates JAK2, TYK2 and STAT5 . The 45-kDa form of TC-PTP was shown to dephosphorylate JAK1 and JAK3 as well as STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5." SIGNOR-133078 azelastine chemical CHEBI:2950 ChEBI HRH3 protein Q9Y5N1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 21381763 t Luana "Azelastine was used as a standard, with affinities (pKi) for H1 and H3 8.9 and 6.8, respectively. " SIGNOR-257895 PJA1 protein Q8NG27 UNIPROT SPTBN1 protein Q01082 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16247473 t gcesareni "The present study indicates that praja, a ring finger e3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with elf and ubiquitinates it." SIGNOR-141216 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser588 QTLSDSLsGSSLYST 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252883 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr267 IAEVKAQyEDIANRS 9606 BTO:0000182 24003221 t lperfetto "Keratin 8 phospho-Tyr-267 is dephosphorylated by PTP1B and promotes insolubility and filament organization, as does the paralogous GFAP tyrosine." SIGNOR-265495 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 33861966 t miannu "mTORC1 regulates the stability of CREB2. Our data suggest that mTORC1 promotes the binding of the E3 ligase, βTrCP, to CREB2 (Figure 4D), promoting CREB2 degradation by the proteasome (Figure 4E). Here, we show that mTORC1 promotes glutamine anaplerosis by activating glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This regulation requires transcriptional repression of SIRT4, the mitochondrial-localized sirtuin that inhibits GDH. Mechanistically, mTORC1 represses SIRT4 by promoting the proteasome-mediated destabilization of cAMP-responsive element binding 2 (CREB2)." SIGNOR-267829 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Glu-tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29157 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269549 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser441 GHSPLSLsAQSVMEE 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204708 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265661 CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 23028973 f "CEBPD activated in macrophages played a functional role in promoting the tube formation of endothelial cells and the migration and proliferation of synoviocytes. In vivo DNA binding assays and reporter assays showed that CEBPD up-regulated CCL20, CXCL1, IL23A and TNFAIP6 transcripts through direct binding to their promoter regions." SIGNOR-254060 MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg679 EKTTRKKrNVNFQKA -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263432 PAICS protein P22234 UNIPROT SAICAR(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58443 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The next two reactions (steps 6 and 7) involve carb oxylation of AIR to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonu cleotide (CAIR) and ligation of the carboxy group of CAIR with an amide group derived from Asp in an ATP dependent reaction forming 4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)- 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR). These reac tions are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS)." SIGNOR-267322 GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT PLCB2 protein Q00722 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1465133 t gcesareni "Activation of plc-beta 2 by beta gamma subunits may be an important mechanism by which pertussis toxin-sensitive g proteins stimulate plc." SIGNOR-19447 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT TNFAIP6 protein P98066 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7876106 t "In cotransfection experiments, the C/EBP beta protein trans-activated 10-15-fold the cAspAT gene promoter in HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-254055 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22140532 f miannu "ERG deregulation induces PIM1 over-expression and aneuploidy in prostate epithelial cells. The up-regulation of PIM1 induced by tERG over-expression significantly modified Cyclin B1 levels and increased the percentage of aneuploid cells in the RWPE-1 cell line after taxane-based treatment. Here we provide the first evidence for an ERG-mediated PIM1 up-regulation in prostate cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a direct effect of ERG transcriptional activity in the alteration of genetic stability." SIGNOR-254065 KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT PTHLH protein P12272 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8683730 t lperfetto "Prostate-specific antigen was found to specifically cleave PTHrP 1-141 in a time- and dose-dependent manner.|The preferred PSA cleavage site of PTHrP 1-141 was determined to be at the carboxyl-terminus of phenylalanine 23, consistent with chymotryptic-like enzymatic activity of PSA. Cleavage of PTHrP by PSA completely abolished the ability of PTHrP to stimulate cAMP production." SIGNOR-270548 USP7 protein Q93009 UNIPROT Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270837 ATF6B protein Q99941 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 14973138 t Luana " Accordingly, N-terminal fragments of each ATF6 isoform (N-ATF6α and N-ATF6β) were overexpressed in HeLa cells and the effects on GRP78 induction were assessed. When expressed at similar levels, N-ATF6α conferred ∼200-fold greater GRP78 promoter activation than N-ATF6β. " SIGNOR-261566 RNF144B protein Q7Z419 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000772 20864535 t miannu "NPMc degradation was mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway involving the IBR-type RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase IBRDC2, and genetic correction of FA-A or FA-C lymphoblasts prevented NPMc ubiquitination. As shown in Fig. 4C, knockdown of IBRDC2, an IBR-type RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase (21), significantly reduced NPMc ubiquitination and restored NPMc stability in FA-A cells" SIGNOR-271490 copper(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:49552 ChEBI SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 1542024 t lperfetto "Copper as a cofactor and regulator of copper,zinc superoxide dismutase" SIGNOR-272299 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 25882190 f miannu "Gephyrin is believed to act as a scaffold at inhibitory synapses, in a manner analogous to that of the prototypic excitatory synaptic scaffold, PSD-95. The best-known function of gephyrin is to bring the inhibitory synaptic receptors and to stabilize them at the inhibitory synapses. gephyrin interacts with NL-2 and collybistin, suggesting that it may be critical for the maturation or maintenance of inhibitory synapses." SIGNOR-264977 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BAIAP2L1 protein Q9UHR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr293 PAPSGRAyTSPLIDM -1 21840312 t miannu "Here, we report that overexpression of IRTKS increases the speed of wound closure of HT1080 cells in a Src-dependent manner. Active Src phosphorylates IRTKS in vivo and in vitro. Deletion mapping and mutation analysis revealed that six tyrosine residues (Y37, Y156, Y163, Y274, Y293 and Y439) were Src-stimulated phosphorylation sites on IRTKS. Disruption of Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation abolished the effect of IRTKS on wound closure. Collectively, these data suggest Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation is essential for its function in cell motility." SIGNOR-263040 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 TVNQSLLsPLVLEVD 9606 11781324 t lperfetto "Kinase assays showed that c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) was also activated with activation kinetics corresponding to that of k8 phosphorylation. Furthermore, k8 was also phosphorylated on ser-73 by jnk in vitro. The ser-73 --> ala-associated filament reorganization defect is rescued by a ser-73 --> asp mutation. Also, disease-causing keratin mutations can modulate keratin phosphorylation and organization, which may affect disease pathogenesis." SIGNOR-113645 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17609107 t esanto "Numb is regulated by phosphorylation since the protein is released from ccss and no longer binds integrins when phosphorylated by atypical protein kinase c (apkc)." SIGNOR-156765 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser326 FSPKEKDsPHMQDPN 12857729 t llicata "Cdk2 phosphorylates two serine residues near the DNA-binding domain of the YA subunit of NF-Y. Cyclin A-cdk2 appears to associate with NF-Y both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, YA protein is phosphorylated in parallel with a cell cycle-dependent activation of cdk2 kinase and cyclin A expression. YA phosphorylation is unnecessary for heterotrimer formation with the YB-YC dimer. However, NF-Y containing a phosphorylation-deficient mutant form of YA, YA-aa, has its DNA binding activity impaired. \ To examine whether cdk2 phosphorylates the two serine residues at positions 320 and 326 in YA, we replaced either or both with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. In a kinase assay using purified GST fusion proteins in vitro, cdk2 phosphorylated the wild type and both of the single-mutant proteins (YA-as and -sa), but not the double-mutant protein (YA-aa)" SIGNOR-250743 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23287467 t miannu " Here, we show that human REV1 undergoes proteosomal degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase-promoting complex (APC). REV1 associates with APC. Overexpression of APC coactivator CDH1 or CDC20 promotes polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of REV1." SIGNOR-272896 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NR4A2 protein P43354 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15591535 f gcesareni "We now show that the other nur factors, nurr1 and nor-1, are also subject to antagonism by gr and that this transrepression appears to involve direct protein-protein interactions between the dbds of gr and nur factors." SIGNOR-132254 PTPN9 protein P43378 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 16679294 t gcesareni "Ectopic expression of ptp-meg2 in cells inhibited insulin-induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, while rnai-mediated reduction of ptp-meg2 transcript levels enhanced insulin action" SIGNOR-146676 KRT1 protein P04264 UNIPROT MPO protein P05164 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 17591979 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "CK1 and CK9 specifically bind MPO. MPO is internalized by endothelial cells through a direct interaction with the endothelial surface protein CK1" SIGNOR-251886 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser284 RRDYDDMsPRRGPPP 11231586 t miannu "Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) efficiently phosphorylates hnRNP-K both in vitro and in vivo at serines 284 and 353. Our results establish the role of MAPK/ERK in phosphorylation-dependent cellular localization of hnRNP-K, which is required for its ability to silence mRNA translation." SIGNOR-250082 MED21 protein Q13503 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266678 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "hexadecanoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15756 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12689621 t "An organizational model for animal FAS was proposed in which the two subunits depicted in domains I, II, and III were arranged in an antiparallel fashion, thereby generating two sites for palmitate synthesis. Initiation of the series of condensation reactions leading to the production of palmitic acid requires the translocation of one acetyl and seven malonyl moieties, from CoA thioester to the phosphopantetheine thiol of the ACP domain." SIGNOR-267373 A2M protein P01023 UNIPROT MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 9344465 t lperfetto "Both PZP and a2M collagenase complexes incubated with gelatin demonstrated a significant inhibition of the catalytic activity| MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261801 PKMYT1 protein Q99640 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKGR 9606 BTO:0000567 9001210 t "Preference on the part of Myt1Hu for the cyclin-bound form of Cdc2" lperfetto "Myt1hu preferentially phosphorylates cdc2 on threonine 14 in a cyclin-dependent manner;phosphorylation of threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 is inhibitory." SIGNOR-45729 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser25 VVLCSCPsPSMVRTQ 9606 10455013 t lperfetto "3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1) expressed in unstimulated 293 cells was phosphorylated at ser-25, ser-241, ser-393, ser-396 and ser-410 and the level of phosphorylation of each site was unaffected by stimulation with insulin-like growth factor-1. Mutation of ser-241 to ala abolished pdk1 activity, whereas mutation of the other phosphorylation sites individually to ala did not affect pdk1 activity" SIGNOR-236777 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxylatoethyl)-AMP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57567 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-268131 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001516 23246379 t "These results suggest that Grb10 binds to both normal and oncogenic FLT3 and induces PI3K–Akt and STAT5 signaling pathways resulting in an enhanced proliferation, survival and colony formation of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-255947 MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257268 PYHIN1 protein Q6K0P9 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001570 16479015 t miannu "Here, we show that IFIXalpha1 downregulates HDM2, a principal negative regulator of p53, at the posttranslational level. IFIXalpha1 destabilizes HDM2 protein and promotes its ubiquitination. The E3 ligase activity of HDM2 appears to be required for this IFIXalpha1 effect. Importantly, HDM2 downregulation is required for the IFIXalpha1-mediated increase of p53 protein levels, transcriptional activity, and nuclear localization, suggesting that IFIXalpha1 positively regulates p53 by acting as a negative regulator of HDM2." SIGNOR-268493 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser179 MKKKDEGsYDLGKKP 10116 11916978 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation state of Ser(183) in the cytoplasmic tail of syndecan-4 determines the binding affinity of the cytoplasmic tail to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)), the capacity of the tail to multimerize, and its ability to activate protein kinase C (PKC) alpha. We sought to identify the kinase responsible for this phosphorylation and to determine its downstream effects on PKCalpha activity and on endothelial cell function. Among several PKC isoenzymes tested, only PKCalpha and -delta were able to specifically phosphorylate Ser(183) in vitro. However, studies in cultured endothelial cells showed that the phosphorylation level of syndecan-4 was significantly reduced in endothelial cells expressing a dominant negative (DN) PKCdelta but not a DN PKCalpha mutant." SIGNOR-116265 HNF4G protein Q14541 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 9792724 f miannu "AFP promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transient transfection assays demonstrated that the level of HNF1 had a direct impact on basal transcription as well as RA-mediated down-regulation of the AFP gene, and that co-transfection of HNF1 and HNF4, but not transfection of either factor alone, reversed the RA-mediated inhibition. Taken together these data point to an interaction among the RA, HNF1, and HNF4 signals, which is reflected in decreased expression of AFP." SIGNOR-254442 ARSA protein P15289 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 237937 t Regulation miannu "ASA acetylates hemoglobin. Purified acetylated hemoglobin had a slightly increased oxygen affinity and decreased heme-heme interaction." SIGNOR-251772 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 10090 BTO:0001103 24003218 t lperfetto "SIRT1 overexpression reduces muscle wasting by blocking the activation of FoxO1 and 3 SIRT1 activation has been reported to increase dramatically endurance exercise through the activation of PGC-1_ in muscle, which stimulates fatty acid oxidation" SIGNOR-217963 CAST protein P20810 UNIPROT CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "In addition to Ca2+, calpastatin has a key role in the regulation of calpain. Calpastatin, a heat-stable protein ranging from ~70 to ~140 kDa of apparent molecular weight depending on the cell type, is considered a specific endogenous inhibitor of calpains|The calpastatin molecule contains four inhibitory units [75–77]. Each of these units binds to one calpain molecule [75–77]. Therefore, the ratio calpain/calpastatin plays a key role in the regulation of calpain activity [78–80]. The inhibitory effect of calpastatin requires Ca2+-dependent high-affinity binding to three sites of calpain" SIGNOR-251582 BANP protein Q8N9N5 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 26080397 t miannu "SMAR1 Interacts with Sam68 in a Signal-Dependent Manner. HDAC6 in complex with SMAR1 deacetylates Sam68. Here, we document that SMAR1, in cooperation with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), interacts with Sam68 and maintains it in a deacetylated state, concomitantly inhibiting the inclusion of CD44 alternate exons." SIGNOR-266201 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1864 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120128 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT SEC23B protein Q15437 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser186 SCEGISKsYVFRGTK 9606 BTO:0000007 30596474 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the F-box protein FBXW5 targets SEC23B, a component of COPII, for proteasomal degradation and that this event limits the autophagic flux in the presence of nutrients. In response to starvation, ULK1 phosphorylates SEC23B on Serine 186, preventing the interaction of SEC23B with FBXW5 and, therefore, inhibiting SEC23B degradation." SIGNOR-265285 CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004910 26961257 f miannu "In this study, we provide mechanistic insight into how CRP contributes to the development of AMD. In particular, we show that monomeric CRP (mCRP) but not the pentameric form (pCRP) upregulates IL-8 and CCL2 levels in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Further, we show that complement factor H (FH) binds mCRP to dampen its proinflammatory activity. FH from AMD patients carrying the “risk” His402 polymorphism displays impaired binding to mCRP, and therefore proinflammatory effects of mCRP remain unrestrained." SIGNOR-252144 PJA1 protein Q8NG27 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165 28067271 t "Biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrates that the MYOD-induced E3 ubiquitin ligase Praja1 (PJA1) is involved in regulating EZH2 levels upon p38α activation. EZH2 premature degradation in proliferating myoblasts is prevented by low levels of PJA1, its cytoplasmic localization and the lower activity towards unphosphorylated EZH2" SIGNOR-255664 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 22169964 f miannu "17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. . In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. In the present study, by means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253472 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT EOMES protein O95936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254930 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser69 GPLAPPAsPGPFATR -1 15486195 t miannu "Ser69 can also be phosphorylated by JNK and p38MAPK at least in vitro. Phosphorylation of BimEL on Ser69 promotes its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-250080 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 10823814 t "C-Myc directly transactivates genes encoding GLUT1, phosphofructokinase, and enolase and increases glucose uptake in Rat1 fibroblasts. Nuclear run-on studies confirmed that the GLUT1 transcriptional rate is elevated by c-Myc. Our findings suggest that overexpression of the c-Myc oncoprotein deregulates glycolysis through the activation of several components of the glucose metabolic pathway." SIGNOR-259989 TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000443 23021218 f lperfetto "TRPV4 negatively regulated the expression of PGC1α, UCP1, and cellular respiration. Additionally, it potently controlled the expression of multiple proinflammatory genes involved in the development of insulin resistance." SIGNOR-253095 IL12A protein P29459 UNIPROT IL12RB1 protein P42701 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 12023369 t gcesareni "Like il-12, il-23 binds to the il-12r subunit il-12rbeta1." SIGNOR-87677 BLOC-3 complex SIGNOR-C253 SIGNOR RAB32 protein Q13637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 23174301 t lperfetto "HPS1/HPS4 was active exclusively for RAB32 and RAB38. Moreover, when overexpressed with HPS1 in HeLa cells, a mitochondrially restricted form of HPS4 preferentially recruited GFP-tagged RAB32 or RAB38 – but not the related RAB7 or RAB9 – to mitochondria. Activity in both assays required both HPS1 and HPS4. Finally, depletion of HPS1 or HPS4 by siRNA in a pigmented human melanoma cell line, MNT-1, resulted in the mislocalization of RAB32. These data provide strong evidence that BLOC-3 is a selective GEF for RAB32 and RAB38 " SIGNOR-260693 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257199 RALGAPA1 protein Q6GYQ0 UNIPROT RalGAP1 complex SIGNOR-C468 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000011 21148297 t miannu "Here we report the identification and characterization of a Ral GAP complex (RGC) that mediates the activation of RalA downstream of the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The complex is composed of an RGC1 regulatory subunit and an RGC2 catalytic subunit (previously identified as AS250) that directly stimulates the guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis of RalA." SIGNOR-269791 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser363 DTEGRPPsPPPTSTP 9606 BTO:0000567 10747973 t miannu "JNK is activated by heat shock and phosphorylates HSF-1 on serine 363. JNK Phosphorylation of HSF-1 Leads to Reduction in Its Transcriptional Activity" SIGNOR-250119 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr88 KHLVALYtRDEHFAI -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-250911 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252823 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT SEC63 protein Q9UGP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser576 VSDKGSDsEEEETNR 9606 BTO:0000599 23287549 t lperfetto "Sec63 was identified as a novel substrate and binding partner of protein kinase CK2. We identified serine 574, serine 576 and serine 748 as CK2 phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of Sec63 by CK2 enhanced its binding to Sec62." SIGNOR-265268 MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Lats1 and Lats2 are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases." gcesareni "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1" SIGNOR-269866 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser385 MARVGGAsSLENTVD -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178391 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 KRRLRKNsSRDSGRG 9606 17053147 t gcesareni "Both akt and p70(s6k) phosphorylate pdcd4, allowing for binding of the e3-ubiquitin ligase beta-trcp and consequently ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-150140 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr376 QVAPRAGtPGFRAPE 9606 10846177 t gcesareni "Hucdc7 and ask proteins can also be phosphorylated by cdks in vitro. Among four possible cdk phosphorylation sites of hucdc7, replacement of thr-376, corresponding to the activating threonine of cdk, with alanine (t376a mutant) dramatically reduces kinase activity, indicative of kinase activation by phosphorylation of this residue." SIGNOR-78311 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1177 TSRIRTQsFSLQERQ 9606 11729179 t gcesareni "Recently many investigators have shown that protein phosphorylation of enos by several serine/threonine kinases is a critical control step for no production by endothelial cells. Phosphorylation by amp kinase, akt (or protein kinase b), or protein kinase a on serine 1179 (bovine) or serine 1177 (human) of enos leads to enhanced activity of the enzyme and, thus, augmented production of no." SIGNOR-112363 TSSK3 protein Q96PN8 UNIPROT TSSK3 protein Q96PN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser166 PKSHRELsQTFCGST -1 16336268 t Manara "We elucidated the mechanism of regulation of TSSK3 activity showing that autophosphorylation and PDK1 phosphorylation in the ‘activation loop’ are necessary for activation." SIGNOR-260785 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr291 DTDQLKLyEEPLSKL 9606 20798688 t lperfetto "C-abl can phosphorylate atr on y291 and y310 and this phosphorylation appears to have a positive role in atr activation under genotoxic stress." SIGNOR-167632 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "When cells are stimulated with various ligands such as growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters, or tumor promoters, erk1/2 is activated through dualphosphorylation at the -ptepy-motif. Subsequently, p-erk1/2 translocates into the nucleus and phosphorylates elk-1, thereby acting as a transcription factor for cell proliferationthese data indicate that sa-p-erk1/2 might not only be regulated by mkp such as rvhr, but also by pp1 and ptp as well" SIGNOR-269931 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT FZD6 protein O60353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 16273260 t gcesareni "Human wnt5a, wnt5b and wnt11 are non-canonical wnt ligands transducing pcp signals through fzd3 or fzd6 receptors." SIGNOR-141431 "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR PRNP protein F7VJQ1 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 21478263 f "ER stress specifically increases the synthesis of AltPrP from PrP cDNA." SIGNOR-253609 PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "The activation of pi3k results in the generation of the second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip2). In vivo, class i pi3ks primarily generate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (pip3) from phosphatidylinositol- 4,5-bisphosphate (pi-4,5-p2)" SIGNOR-175244 AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 14657015 t lperfetto "A-kinase-anchoring protein 250 (AKAP250; gravin) acts as a scaffold that binds protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C and protein phosphatases, associating reversibly with the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor." SIGNOR-271838 "Cap-binding complex" complex SIGNOR-C440 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 32873578 t lperfetto "The largely nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) binds to the 5′ caps of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-synthesized transcripts and serves as a dynamic interaction platform for a myriad of RNA processing factors that regulate gene expression." SIGNOR-268360 sildenafil chemical CHEBI:9139 ChEBI PDE5A protein O76074 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 10385692 t Luana "Inhibition of cyclic GMP-binding cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase (Type 5) by sildenafil and related compounds." SIGNOR-258343 RAPH1 protein Q70E73 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20417104 t miannu "Here we show that Lpd is a substrate of Abl kinases and binds to the Abl SH2 domain. Phosphorylation of Lpd positively regulates the interaction between Lpd and Ena/VASP proteins." SIGNOR-268426 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 14701738 t miannu "Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels by Gem requires GTP and calmodulin binding, but not phosphorylation of serine 261 or 289. Calmodulin binding in the C-terminal extension of Gem is required for maximal inhibition of HVA Ca2+ channels by ectopically expressed Gem, as determined by measurement of electrical activity in primary neurons and by Ca2+-evoked secretion in PC12 cells." SIGNOR-266325 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser440 RSSPQRKsQRSSYVS -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). The PKC family contains 12 identified mammalian isoenzymes that are universally expressed in all cells and tissues and generally have a cytosolic distributionExamination of two groups of serine and threonine mutations (Fig. 3A, lanes 2 and 3) enabled us to localize the phosphorylation to four specific residues at positions 419, 422, 423, and 426. Fig. 3B shows the levels of phosphorylation with different combinations of the four mutations. Elimination of all four serines completely eliminated phosphorylation (Fig. 3B, lane 1).An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262753 MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25636800 t miannu "Phosphorylated MAVS and STING then bind to a positively charged surface of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and thereby recruit IRF3 for its phosphorylation and activation by TBK1. " SIGNOR-260143 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 IIRLRNKtLIEDEIA 9606 20086174 t llicata "We determined that mst2 phosphorylation by akt limits mst2 activity in two ways: first, by blocking its binding to rassf1a and by promoting its association into the raf-1 inhibitory complex, and second, by preventing homodimerization of mst2, which is needed for its activation. we identified t117 and t384 as akt phosphorylation sites in mst2." SIGNOR-163533 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM49C protein P0CI26 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271268 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ILF3 protein Q12906 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser647 RGRGRGGsIRGRGRG 9606 20870937 t llicata "Upon T cell activation, NF90 translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where it binds to the AU-rich element-containing 3' untranslated regions of IL-2 mRNA and stabilizes it.|Our previous work showed that CD28 costimulation of T cells activated AKT to phosphorylate NF90 at Ser647 and caused NF90 to undergo nuclear export and stabilize IL-2 mRNA." SIGNOR-168169 "bisphenol A" chemical CHEBI:33216 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9751507 t miannu "Bisphenol A is an equally strong agonist for ERα as for ERβ, and the same is true for 4,4′-biphenol, which differs from bisphenol A in that it lacks the propane group between the phenolic rings. " SIGNOR-268739 C8G protein P07360 UNIPROT "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30552328 t lperfetto "The human MAC pore was formed on liposomes from individual complement proteins. |The maps were further subdivided into three components: an asymmetric region (C5b, C6, C7, and C8), a hinge region (C7, C8, and two C9 molecules), and a C9 oligomer" SIGNOR-263446 biphenyl-4,4'-diol chemical CHEBI:34367 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9751507 t miannu "Bisphenol A is an equally strong agonist for ERα as for ERβ, and the same is true for 4,4′-biphenol, which differs from bisphenol A in that it lacks the propane group between the phenolic rings." SIGNOR-268740 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251292 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr383 HYRYSDTtDSDPENE 9606 18321849 t gcesareni "The C-terminal tail of PTEN is also the target of mutations in tumors. As mentioned, this region contains the main phosphorylation sites mapped to residues Ser362, Thr366, Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, and the kinases involved are casein kinase 2 (CK2), GSK3_, LKB1, and MAST.84,97-101 The phosphorylation of the tail has been shown to enhance PTEN stability but at the same time decrease its phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-161126 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT KIF2B protein Q8N4N8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr125 MIPQKNQtASGDSLD 9606 BTO:0001938 22535524 t lperfetto "We show that Plk1 directly phosphorylates Kif2b at threonine 125 (T125) and serine 204 (S204), and that these two sites differentially regulate Kif2b function. Phosphorylation of S204 is required for the kinetochore localization and activity of Kif2b in prometaphase, and phosphorylation of T125 is required for Kif2b activity in the correction of k-MT attachment errors." SIGNOR-252049 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RIOK2 protein Q9BVS4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser548 KSSLEAAsFWGE -1 21880710 t miannu "Here, we report that the atypical protein kinase Rio2 is a novel substrate of Plk1 and can be phosphorylated by Plk1 at Ser-335, Ser-380, and Ser-548. Overexpression of Rio2 causes a prolonged mitotic exit whereas knockdown of Rio2 accelerates mitotic progression, suggesting that Rio2 is required for the proper mitotic progression." SIGNOR-262939 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11313903 t gcesareni "These neuropeptide gpcrs are coupled to the activation of phospholipase c, and therefore to calcium ele- vation and protein kinase c (pkc) activation, through g proteins of the alfaq family." SIGNOR-106932 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16923394 f miannu "PU.1 Induces Egr-2 and Nab-2, which Repress Neutrophil Genes during Macrophage Differentiation" SIGNOR-256039 PBRM1 protein Q86U86 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 18339845 f miannu "Endogenous wild-type baf180 bound to the p21 promoter and was required for proper p21 expression and g(1) arrest after transforming growth factor-beta and gamma-radiation treatment." SIGNOR-178022 CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT Centrosome_separation phenotype SIGNOR-PH177 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 24769208 f lperfetto "C-NAP1 which is located in the proximal ends of the centriole is an important factor for maintaining cohesion of centrioles in interphase" SIGNOR-265498 DLD protein P09622 UNIPROT PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20160912 t miannu "The human (h) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (hPDC) consists of multiple copies of several components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), E3-binding protein (BP), and specific kinases and phosphatases. Mammalian PDC has a well organized structure with an icosahedral symmetry of the central E2/BP core to which the other component proteins bind non-covalently." SIGNOR-266545 IL22 protein Q9GZX6 UNIPROT IL22RA1 protein Q8N6P7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000876 12941475 t fspada "In addition, il-22 mediates inflammation and binds class ii cytokine receptor heterodimers il-22 ra1/crf2-4." SIGNOR-86340 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser454 YVPMNPNsPPRQHSS 9606 15379552 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylation enhances hgf-dependent gab1/pi3k but inhibits egf-dependent gab1/pi3k association and activation implicates that mapk activation provides another specific regulatory mechanism which can result in divergent effects for distinct rtks.we identified four serine and two threonine residues that are phosphorylated by erk in vitro. Five of these phosphorylation sites (t312, s454, t476, s581, s597)" SIGNOR-129188 "Dynorphin B" chemical CHEBI:80347 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258796 ACSS3 protein Q9H6R3 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271834 histamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18295 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257512 EXOC1 protein Q9NV70 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270776 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 TVNQSLLsPLVLEVD 9606 11788583 t lperfetto "Keratin 8 (k8) serine 73 occurs within a relatively conserved type ii keratin motif ((68)nqsllspl) and becomes phosphorylated in cultured cells and organs during mitosis, cell stress, and apoptosis. Here we show that ser-73 is exclusively phosphorylated in vitro by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.The ser-73 --> ala-associated filament reorganization defect is rescued by a ser-73 --> asp mutation. Also, disease-causing keratin mutations can modulate keratin phosphorylation and organization, which may affect disease pathogenesis." SIGNOR-114079 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15507492 t "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-267211 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15073170 f gcesareni "Rather, p53 expression stimulates the serine/threonine kinase ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (rsk1), which in turn phosphorylates the p65 subunit of nf-kb." SIGNOR-124038 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT SMAD8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C206 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20957627 t lperfetto "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common smad (co-smad; smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-255269 CD226 protein Q15762 UNIPROT "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000914 15039383 f lperfetto "CD226 and LFA-1 cooperate in cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion mediated by T and NK cells|These results were consistent with our observation that cross-linking CD226 with anti- CD226 mAb did not induce re-directed cytotoxicity against P815 by LFA-1-deficient LAD NK clones (Fig. 4D), suggesting a requirement for LFA-1 for CD226-mediated cytotoxicity." SIGNOR-261427 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249641 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr336 GGPGPERtPGSGSGS 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-252082 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 8107774 t gcesareni "A new brain serine/threonine protein kinase may be a target for the p21ras-related proteins Cdc42 and Rac1. The kinase sequence is related to that of the yeast protein STE20, implicated in pheromone-response pathways." SIGNOR-248243 HSD3B1 protein P14060 UNIPROT 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17252 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000050 2139411 t lperfetto "The isolation, cloning, and expression of a cDNA insert complementary to mRNA encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase is reported. |The expressed protein was similar in size to human placental microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase, as detected by immunoblot analysis, and catalyzed the conversion of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone to progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione." SIGNOR-268636 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163266 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 23128507 t "PAX8-PPARγ fusion protein" miannu "The PAX8-PPARγ rearrangement leads to strong induction of the PPARγ protein and the consequent abrogation of the normal PPARγ function. PPARγ overexpression abolishes the PTEN-inhibitory effect on immunoactive AKT, which in turn induces the PI3K signaling pathway." SIGNOR-251997 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT MYBBP1A protein Q9BQG0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1303 ARKKARLsLVIRSPS 9606 20177074 t lperfetto "We identified mybbp1a as a novel aurora b substrate and serine 1303 as the major phosphorylation site" SIGNOR-163903 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser79 EVTSTSQsPHSPDSS 9606 8650547 t lperfetto "...undergoes inducible phosphorylation on two adjacent serine residues (78 and 81). In vitro, chop is phosphorylated on these residues by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (map kinase). phosphorylation of chop on these residues enhanced its ability to function as a transcriptional activator." SIGNOR-42200 KLF11 protein O14901 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 10207080 f Regulation miannu "Transfection of K562 cells with FKLF cDNA enhanced the expression of the endogenous epsilon- and gamma-globin genes, suggesting an in vivo role of FKLF in fetal and embryonic globin gene expression." SIGNOR-251828 MRPL45 protein Q9BRJ2 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262351 F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23450633 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Ga12/13 recruitment of rho-gefs causes rhoa activation and f-actin assembly, which promotes lats1/lat2 inactivation by an unknown, but myosin-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-269861 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 CWRKRVKsEYMRLRQ 9606 16224021 t lperfetto "Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (ezh2) is a methyltransferase that plays an important role in many biological processes through its ability to trimethylate lysine 27 in histone h3. Here, we show that akt phosphorylates ezh2 at serine 21 and suppresses its methyltransferase activity by impeding ezh2 binding to histone h3" SIGNOR-141043 PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT S100A4 protein P26447 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002430 19351864 f miannu "PTTG induced S100A4 and galectin-1 mRNA and protein expression as assessed by Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR." SIGNOR-255070 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1676673 t gcesareni "Activated egfr binds the sh2 domain of phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma), activating plc-gamma-mediated downstream signaling." SIGNOR-20815 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser378 RICMRNFsRSDHLTT 10090 BTO:0000944 8662759 t llicata "Casein kinase II associates with Egr-1 and acts as a negative modulator of its DNA binding and transcription activities in NIH 3T3 cells. | There are three CKII recognition sites (S376XXD, T389XE, and T516XXXD) in fragment 10." SIGNOR-250856 GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT GLP1R protein P43220 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 7937318 t gcesareni "In the present study we stably expressed the rat b-cell glp-i receptor in cho cells and studied binding characteristics and receptor activation utilizing the naturally occurring receptor agonist glp-i(7-36)-amide (glp-i), the proglucagon-derived glp-i-related peptide oxyntomodulin, the glp-i receptor agonist exendin-4, and the specific antagonist exendin" SIGNOR-34855 GLDC protein P23378 UNIPROT "Glycine cleavage system" complex SIGNOR-C437 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16051266 t lperfetto "The glycine cleavage system is a mitochondrial multienzyme system composed of four proteins termed P, H, T and L-protein, and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-H4folate), and reduced pyridine nucleotide." SIGNOR-268240 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser310 PEAQRRVsKNSKYNA -1 14576165 t miannu "PKA-mediated phosphorylation of PS1 is completely inhibited by mutation of Ser310.phosphorylation of Ser310 does not inhibit the caspase-mediated cleavage of PS1, and the biological function of this phosphorylation event remains to be determined in further experiments." SIGNOR-250036 GH1 protein P01241 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 15665309 t Luana "Autocrine hGH increased the transcription and subsequent mRNA level and protein expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 in human mammary epithelial cells" SIGNOR-261628 CYP11A1 protein P05108 UNIPROT cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) assists in the transport of cholesterol from the cytosol to the inner mitochondria membrane to be converted into pregnenolone using the P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) enzyme." SIGNOR-268633 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 19319192 t miannu "We previously showed that the level of MAFbx protein increased in skeletal muscle during aging and/or food deprivation. Immunoprecipitation of the SCFMAFbx complexes from mouse atrophic muscles exhibited ubiquitination activity by using MyoD as substrate. Food deprivation and oxidative stress–induced atrophy increase polyubiquitination by the SCFMAFbx pathway and degradation of MyoD by the proteasome" SIGNOR-271803 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DUSP16 protein Q9BY84 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser446 TNKLCQFsPVQELSE 9534 15689616 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of Ser-446 determines stability of MKP-7.|We also determined that MKP-7 phosphorylated at Ser-446 has a longer half-life than unphosphorylated form of the wild type protein, as does a phospho-mimic mutant of MKP-7. These results indicate that activation of the ERK pathway strongly blocks JNK activation through stabilization of MKP-7 mediated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249389 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT RETN protein Q9HD89 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20508200 f lperfetto "Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it induces the expression of its target genes, including markers (Arg1, Chi3l3, Mrc1, Mgl1, and Retnla) and regulators (Pparalpha, Ppargamma and PGC-1?) of alternative activation." SIGNOR-249536 BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004298 21912613 t miannu "In the present study, we report that regulation of CTCF by extracellular stress signals is dependent upon activations of an oxidative stress-regulated protein Bcl-3. We found that activated Bcl-3 was able to bind to the κB sites identified in the CTCF promoter region. Bcl-3 was activated by UV irradiation to interact with NF-κB p50 by forming a Bcl-3/p50 heterodimer complex. The Bcl-3/p50 complex suppressed CTCF promoter activity to down-regulate CTCF transcription." SIGNOR-254789 SLITRK5 protein O94991 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001593 34326333 t miannu "SLITRK5 interacts with SHH and PTCH1. Mechanistically, SLITRK5 binds to hedgehog ligands via its extracellular domain and interacts with PTCH1 via its intracellular domain. SLITRK5 is present in the primary cilium, and loss of SLITRK5 enhances SMO ciliary enrichment upon SHH stimulation. Thus, SLITRK5 is a negative regulator of hedgehog signaling in osteoblasts that may be attractive as a therapeutic target to enhance bone formation." SIGNOR-268438 TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 20887952 f "These results indicate that TNF-a-activated p38 pathway negatively controls the expansion of PAX7-positive SCs" SIGNOR-253603 acyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:17984 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 18772128 t miannu "The cycle of deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids plays a critical role in regulating availability of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. The major yeast lysophospholipid acyltransferase, Ale1p, is related to mammalian membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) proteins. MBOAT7 is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase with remarkable specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA. MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 are particularly susceptible to inhibition by thimerosal. Human neutrophils express mRNA for these four enzymes, and neutrophil microsomes incorporate arachidonoyl chains into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, PS, and phosphatidylethanolamine in a thimerosal-sensitive manner. These results strongly implicate MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 in arachidonate recycling, thus regulating free arachidonic acid levels and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-268106 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12242151 t gcesareni "We find short peptides representing the alpha-helical bh3 domains of bid or bim are capable of inducing oligomerization of bak and bax to release cytochrome cthe first alfa helix of bax plays a necessary role in its ligand-induced activation by the bh3-only proteins bid and puma" SIGNOR-92945 SYN2 protein Q92777 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15265865 t miannu "Synapsins, a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins, have been demonstrated to regulate the availability of synaptic vesicles for exocytosis by binding to both synaptic vesicles and the actin cytoskeleton in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-269185 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp348 GTGGLEPdLARGRWA 9606 BTO:0005111 32122970 t miannu "We show that LUBAC interacted with caspase-1 via HOIP and modified its CARD domain with linear polyubiquitin and that depletion of HOIP or Sharpin resulted in heightened caspase-1 activation and cell death in response to inflammasome activation, unlike what is observed in macrophages. Reciprocally, caspase-1, as well as caspase-8, regulated LUBAC activity by proteolytically processing HOIP at Asp-348 and Asp-387 during the execution of cell death." SIGNOR-272192 USP45 protein Q70EL2 UNIPROT ERCC4/ERCC1 complex SIGNOR-C50 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 25538220 t miannu "USP45 associates with the ERCC1–XPF endonuclease. USP45 interacts specifically with ERCC1–XPF via its N-terminal 61 residues. USP45 deubiquitylates ERCC1. USP45 promotes survival of cells exposed to agents that induce DNA damage responses controlled by ERCC1–XPF endonuclease" SIGNOR-268504 DLGAP3 protein O95886 UNIPROT SHANK2 protein Q9UPX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264593 DLGAP4 protein Q9Y2H0 UNIPROT SHANK2 protein Q9UPX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264596 "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30397315 f miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270700 NLGN4Y protein Q8NFZ3 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264148 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG -1 9111318 t "Multiple autophosphorylation sites on Jak2, including Y1007 and Y1008. Activation of Jak2 catalytic activity requires phosphorylation of Y1007 in the kinase activation loop." SIGNOR-251357 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr465 VPVPTNLyGDFFTGD -1 10210201 t llicata "Gelsolin phosphorylation by c-Src in the presence of lysophosphatidic acid also revealed Tyr438 as the most prominent site. Additional minor sites were found using the anti-phosphotyrosine bead immunoprecipitation method followed by MALDI-MS and PSD analysis. These sites, representing approximately 5% of the total phosphate incorporation, were identified as Tyr59, Tyr382, Tyr576, and Tyr624." SIGNOR-250784 ARHGEF25 protein Q86VW2 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260544 paclitaxel chemical CHEBI:45863 ChEBI TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 28298489 t miannu "Here we integrate a computational model for microtubule assembly with nanometer-scale fluorescence microscopy measurements to identify the kinetic and thermodynamic basis of kinetic stabilization by the MTAs paclitaxel, an assembly promoter, and vinblastine, a disassembly promoter. We identify two distinct modes of kinetic stabilization in live cells, one that truly suppresses on-off kinetics, characteristic of vinblastine, and the other a ""pseudo"" kinetic stabilization, characteristic of paclitaxel, that nearly eliminates the energy difference between the GTP- and GDP-tubulin thermodynamic states. By either mechanism, the main effect of both MTAs is to effectively stabilize the microtubule against disassembly in the absence of a robust GTP cap." SIGNOR-259346 PRKAR2B protein P31323 UNIPROT PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258758 SS18 protein Q15532 UNIPROT SS18/MLLT10 complex SIGNOR-C75 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 11423977 t miannu "Based on these results, a model is proposed in which the syt and af10 proteins act in concert as bipartite transcription factors" SIGNOR-108927 CEP192 protein Q8TEP8 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26012549 t miannu "These findings demonstrated that Cep192 mediates the AurA-Plk1 interaction and that the formation of the Cep192-AurA-Plk1 complex could be important for activating AurA and Plk1." SIGNOR-266406 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 f apalma "Once in the nucleus, NF-kB can induce the transcription of iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1, which may then promote further NF-kB activation, as well as elevate the expression of other inflammatory mediators such as CCL2 and IL-6." SIGNOR-255354 CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT CDH3 protein P22223 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0003564 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252124 GTF2H4 protein Q92759 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269315 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 NRQAAKLsKPTLENL 9606 15703181 t lperfetto "We show that protein kinase a inhibits activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 downstream of cytochrome c in xenopus egg extracts and in a human cell-free system. Protein kinase a directly phosphorylates human caspase-9 at serines 99, 183, and 195." SIGNOR-133888 IRF1 protein P10914 UNIPROT SOCS2 protein O14508 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22291912 f miannu "SOCS2 induction by LPS was dependent on the type I IFN regulated transcription factors IRF1 and IRF3 as shown by using silencing RNAs for IRFs." SIGNOR-254494 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14963330 t lperfetto "Tp53 directly activated the proapoptotic bcl-2 protein bax in the absence of other proteins to permeabilize mitochondria and engage the apoptotic program" SIGNOR-178690 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI SIGMAR1 protein Q99720 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000793 17419803 t "Simone Vumbaca" "These results suggest that haloperidol may irreversibly inactivate sigma-1 receptors in guinea pig and human cells, probably after metabolism to reduced haloperidol." SIGNOR-261090 BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The tyrosine phosphorylation of the ITAM of CD79 promotes the activation of the non-SRC family tyrosine kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), which becomes a key part of a signalosome formed by many other kinases and adaptor proteins. The SYK which is recruited to the phosphorylated CD79- ITAM facilitates the complex formation of B-cell linker protein (BLNK), leading to activation of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK)." SIGNOR-268439 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MNX1 protein P50219 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser79 RLRAESPsPPRLLAA 9606 24425879 t miannu "Here we show that gsk-3_ inactivates the proapoptotic activity of hlxb9 by phosphorylating hlxb9 at ser-78/ser-80 (phlxb9)." SIGNOR-203661 TARBP2 protein Q15633 UNIPROT DICER1 protein Q9UPY3 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16142218 t miannu "Dicer and trbp interact in vivo and in vitro /our data indicate that trbp is primarily required for the assembly and/or functioning of si? Or mi?RISCs In mammalian cells, but it may also facilitate the cleavage of pre?miRNAs By dicer." SIGNOR-140226 NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001555 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254871 MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8425218 t esanto "In vivo transactivation assays suggest that myc-max and mad-max complexes have opposing functions in transcription and that max plays a central role in this network of transcription factors" SIGNOR-39137 PML protein P29590 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 f gcesareni "The promyelocytic leukemia (pml) protein is a potent growth suppressor and proapototic factor" SIGNOR-256659 EIF3D protein O15371 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266397 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270612 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268702 CPT1C protein Q8TCG5 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57379 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267128 PFKFB4 protein Q16877 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 30553771 t "PFKFB3 has the highest kinase activity to shunt glucose toward glycolysis, whereas PFKFB4 has more FBPase-2 activity, redirecting glucose toward the pentose phosphate pathway, providing reducing power for lipid biosynthesis and scavenging reactive oxygen species" SIGNOR-267272 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr286 VEGDAAEtPPRPRTP 10090 BTO:0000944 11684694 t llicata "Phosphorylation of MEK1 by cdk5/p35 down-regulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | suggesting that Thr286 in MEK1 is a site of cdk5/p35 phosphorylation that inhibits MEK1 activity." SIGNOR-250653 PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12904571 t lperfetto "Piasy binds most strongly with smad3 and also associates with other receptor-regulated smads and smad4. smad3, smad4, and piasy can form a ternary complex. Piasy does not inhibit smad complex binding to dna, but it represses smad transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-217731 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10449719 f miannu "Progesterone receptor (pr) functions as a transcription factor that modulates the transcription of target genes in response to progesterone and other signals. The transcriptional activity of pr requires the involvement of coactivators such as steroid receptor coactivator-1 (src-1)." SIGNOR-70149 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000661 15818404 t lperfetto "Akt/pkb ser129 is phosphorylated by ck2 in vitro and in vivo;(4) such a phosphorylation of activated akt/pkb correlates with a further increase in catalytic activity." SIGNOR-244400 pentazocine chemical CHEBI:7982 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258766 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA3 protein Q9Y5H0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265677 "WRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C191 SIGNOR F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20332100 f miannu "The activated WAVE complex at the leading edge of lamellipodia promotes actin polymerization at the plasma membrane by activating the Arp2/3 complex." SIGNOR-253578 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr225 LGETKQEtLTNISAV 9606 15611134 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis showed that phosphorylation of thr180 in the kinase activation t-loop, thr225 in the substrate-binding groove, and thr265 in kinase subdomain x is essential for full zipk autophosphorylation and activity toward exogenous substrates." SIGNOR-132463 carfilzomib chemical CHEBI:65347 ChEBI PSMB8 protein P28062 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000873 19348473 t Luana "Carfilzomib selectively inhibits the CT-L activity of the 20S proteasome and displays equivalent potency against β5 and LMP7 with minimal cross reactivity to other protease classes." SIGNOR-257819 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HERC2 protein O95714 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271292 KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT CIT protein O14578 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16431929 t miannu "We find that KIF14 targets to the central spindle via its interaction with PRC1 and has an essential function in cytokinesis. In KIF14-depleted cells, citron kinase but not other components of the central spindle and cleavage furrow fail to localize. Furthermore, the localization of KIF14 and citron kinase to the central spindle and midbody is codependent, and they form a complex depending on the activation state of citron kinase." SIGNOR-266422 "folic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:27470 ChEBI dihydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57451 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000575 19706381 t lperfetto "However, since the synthesis of folic acid (FA, pteroylglutamic acid) as a provitamin in 1945, DHFR has taken on another role: reduction of FA to 7,8-DHF (Fig. 1)" SIGNOR-268263 BMP1 protein P13497 UNIPROT COL7A1 protein Q02388 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage Ala2821 RPLPSYAaDTAGSQL 9606 BTO:0000667 11986329 t miannu " We show that bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1), which exhibits procollagen C-proteinase activity, cleaves the C-terminal propeptide from human procollagen VII. The cleavage occurs at the BMP-1 consensus cleavage site SYAA/DTAG within the NC-2 domain. Proteinases of the bone morphogenetic protein-1 family convert procollagen VII to mature anchoring fibril collagen." SIGNOR-256338 ABRAXAS1 protein Q6UWZ7 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17525340 t gcesareni "Full length abraxas binds the brct-repeats of brca1the rap80-abraxas complex may help recruit brca1 to dna damage sites in part through recognition of ubiquitinated proteins" SIGNOR-155144 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser97 TIAESEDsQESVDSV 9606 15073328 t lperfetto "Individual ala substitutions at thr-100, ser-111, or ser-121 inhibited atm-catalyzed phosphate incorporationatm phosphorylated creb in vitro and in vivophosphorylation of creb correlated with a decrease in creb transactivation potential and reduced interaction between creb and its transcriptional coactivator, creb-binding protein (cbp)" SIGNOR-124043 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser325 LTSVSRGsSLKILSK 9606 10521508 t Manara "Therefore, internalization of CXCR4 in response to PMA appears to be mediated by activation of protein kinase C | However, mutation of the dileucine motif or the serines at positions 324, 325, 338, and 339 profoundly decreased internalization." SIGNOR-260899 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr281 QRRQASNtPSHIPIS 9606 BTO:0001938 16407227 t "HIPK2 phosphorylates the activation domain of Pax6, which augments Pax6 transactivation by enhancing its interaction with p300. Mass spectrometric analysis identified three Pax6 phosphorylation sites as threonines 281, 304, and 373." SIGNOR-251269 EGR3 protein Q06889 UNIPROT NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 20506119 f miannu "In melanoma and carcinoma cells EGR1 activates NAB2 expression. we investigated the influence of EGR2 and EGR3 on NAB2 expression in melanoma and carcinoma cells. Here, we show that like EGR1, EGR2 and EGR3 induced NAB2 expression in these cells. EGR1 and EGR3 act in concert on the NAB2 promoter and are more potent activators of NAB2 transcription than EGR2." SIGNOR-253882 PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" ubiquitination 9606 17997719 t lperfetto "These results were consistent with the observations made in vitro, namely that pellino isoforms are activated by irak1-catalysed phosphorylation and that, once activated, can ubiquitinate irak1 in cells." SIGNOR-159055 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 BTO:0000887 10944526 t gcesareni "Our results provide direct evidence that myod acetylation functionally activates the protein and show that both pcaf and cbp/p300 are candidate enzymes for myod acetylation in vivo" SIGNOR-81056 MYO5A protein Q9Y4I1 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21077886 t miannu "Myosin Va regulates exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs). interestingly, inhibition of myosin Va potentiates LDCV exocytosis to the same extent as F-actin depolymerization does, suggesting that myosin Va cooperates with the actin cytoskeleton to impede or control LDCV exocytosis" SIGNOR-269280 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BMF protein Q96LC9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser77 TQTLSPAsPSQGVML 9606 BTO:0000785 22258404 t llicata "Phosphomimetic mutation of this site (s74d) moderately enhanced bmf apoptotic activity in vivo.22 here, we demonstrate a previously unrecognized mode of regulation of bmf. We show that b-raf-mek-erk2 signaling regulates bmf phosphorylation at serine 74 and serine 77. Phosphorylation of serine 77 downregulates the pro-apoptotic activity of bmf." SIGNOR-195475 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PPM1G protein O15355 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser183 GTGEEPGsQGLNGEA -1 26324325 t "ATM indeed mediated PPM1G phosphorylation at S183, and mutation of this residue (S183A) abrogated detection with the phospho-specific antibody" SIGNOR-255591 "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 EEVDLACtPTDVRDV 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1. We next investigated whether in vitro ubiquitination of cyclin D1 through the SCF-like (SCFL) complex FBXW8 (SKP1-CUL7-FBXW8-RBX1/SCFLFBXW8) requires phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 (Fig. 3F). Polyubiquitination through SCFLFBXW8 was dramatically reduced by the depletion of ERK2 (lane 2). Furthermore, cyclin D1 polyubiquitination was largely prevented by the alanine-for-Thr286 substitution (T286A, lane 3), suggesting that phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 is necessary for ubiquitination by SCFLFBXW8." SIGNOR-271633 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr201 SPLTTGVyVKMPPTE 9606 9973379 t "Lck and Fyn, but not ZAP70, induce tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA-4 in the cell line HEK293. Phosphorylation of CTLA-4 occurs on both Y201 and Y218. Phosphorylation of Y201 correlated with accumulation of CTLA-4 on the cell surface." SIGNOR-251370 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser276 PLPSPTAsPNHTLAP 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t lperfetto "Recent studies show that phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 prd by cdk5 inhibited the association of amphiphysin1 with ap-2 in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (7, 8) similar to that by mapk (present report). Cdk5 appears to phosphorylate amphiphysin1 at serines 261, 272, 276, and 285 and threonine 310, located in the prd" SIGNOR-126847 MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257259 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000459 18635759 t lperfetto "Traf2, ubc13, and ikkgamma were required for complex assembly and activation of mekk1 and mapk cascades." SIGNOR-179479 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser122 DGRMVQLsPPALAAP 9606 11904294 t lperfetto "We found that hypoxia greatly accelerated tal1 turnover in these cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)2-mediated phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-244975 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH8 protein P55286 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265848 MLF1 protein P58340 UNIPROT COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15861129 f miannu "As downstream elements of mlf1 leading to cell growth arrest due to p53 accumulation, we identified two factors, csn3, the third component of the cop9 signalosome (csn), and cop1, a recently characterized e3 ubiquitin ligase for p53" SIGNOR-135940 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268934 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SNAPIN protein O95295 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser50 HVHAVREsQVELREQ 11283605 t miannu "PKA-phosphorylation of Snapin significantly increases its binding to synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25). Mutation of Snapin serine 50 to aspartic acid (S50D) mimics this effect of PKA phosphorylation" SIGNOR-250053 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT PCK2 protein Q16822 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000608 8093246 f miannu "C/EBP beta can regulate PEPCK gene transcription by acting through the CRE and that C/EBP beta, together with CREB, may contribute to the cAMP responsiveness of the PEPCK promoter." SIGNOR-253773 SMC2 protein O95347 UNIPROT "Condensin II" complex SIGNOR-C342 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263908 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163254 LPAR5 protein Q9H1C0 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257205 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2523 VTGPRLVsNHSLHET BTO:0001141 11290523 t llicata "Our TER experiments using a CaM peptide, which functions as a specific competitive inhibitor of nonmuscle filamin phosphorylation by CaM kinase II, strongly suggest that filamin phosphorylation is involved in endothelial cell barrier regulation, although the exact mechanism is not clear and consequent signaling events are not well understood. " SIGNOR-250696 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22021368 f apalma "Once genetic mutation of AML1 occurs in hematopoietic cells, aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling exerts antiapoptotic and proliferation-promoting effects via activation of BCL-XL or JUNB." SIGNOR-255693 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser49 CHRLPPGsLSSTPLS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159458 CD70 protein P32970 UNIPROT CD27 protein P26842 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001103;BTO:0000142;BTO:0000562;BTO:0000672 8120384 t gcesareni "The molecule defining the cd70 ag is identical to the recently defined ligand for cd27. Bioassays demonstrated that the cd70 cdna clone expressed in african green monkey kidney cells would induce the proliferation of pha-costimulated t cells. Ramos cells were mixed with increasing numbers of transfected cells that expressed cd70 (cd27l) or cd154 (cd40l), both of which are expressed by activated t cells, in the presence of anti-igm ab. Cd27 ligation as well as cd40 ligation inhibited bcr-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner." SIGNOR-36357 "lysophosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:132742 ChEBI LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257530 SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253451 ATG7 protein O95352 UNIPROT MAP1LC3C protein Q9BXW4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22170151 t lperfetto "Lc3-i is activated by the same atg7 involved in atg12 conjugation, transferred to atg3, a second e2-like enzyme, and finally conjugated to pe" SIGNOR-191540 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269426 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11075717 t gcesareni "The npxy motif around 960-tyr residue of the insulin receptor binds to the n-terminal ptb domain of shc." SIGNOR-84251 SLC1A2 protein P43004 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26687113 t miannu "After release from presynaptic nerve terminals, glutamate is quickly removed from the synaptic cleft by a family of five glutamate transporters, the so-called excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-5)." SIGNOR-264803 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263793 MAP3K21 protein Q5TCX8 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 23319808 t Manara "These experiments showed that MEK1 is phosphorylated by MLK4 on Ser217/221" SIGNOR-260768 EIF4G2 protein P78344 UNIPROT EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29530922 t miannu "Unlike eIF4GI/II, DAP5 binds eIF2β, a subunit of the eIF2 complex that delivers methionyl-tRNA to ribosomes." SIGNOR-266385 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271104 "17beta-estradiol 3-sulfate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:136582 ChEBI 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 7779757 t Luana "HEST-1 maximally sulfates β-estradiol and estrone at concentrations of 20 nM." SIGNOR-269748 Alamandine chemical CID:44192273 PUBCHEM MRGPRD protein Q8TDS7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 23446738 t Luana "Alamandine produces several physiological actions that resemble those produced by angiotensin-(1-7), including vasodilation, antifibrosis, antihypertensive, and central effects. Interestingly, our data reveal that its actions are independent of the known vasodilator receptors of the RAS, Mas, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Rather, we demonstrate that alamandine acts through the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor, member D." SIGNOR-262308 GTF2F1 protein P35269 UNIPROT GTF2F1 protein P35269 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr389 RGNSRPGtPSAEGGS 9606 10428810 t gcesareni "We show that tfiifalpha possesses a serine/threonine kinase activity, allowing an autophosphorylation of the two residues at position serine 385 and threonine 389. Mutation analysis strongly suggests that autophosphorylation of both sites regulates the transcription elongation process." SIGNOR-69771 AIMP2 protein Q13155 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270361 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269608 VX-745 chemical CHEBI:90528 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258310 CENPO protein Q9BU64 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265209 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr318 TPPRGMItKQAKK 9606 10880350 t gcesareni "Pp1 is a substrate for nek2 and phosphorylation of pp1gamma(1) on two c-terminal sites reduces its phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-78603 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 25910399 f "Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory agents to treat inflammatory and immune diseases [.. }The dogma that transrepression of genes, by tethering of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to DNA-bound pro-inflammatory transcription factors, is the main anti-inflammatory mechanism, is now challenged." SIGNOR-257599 procaterol chemical CHEBI:135209 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257864 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser181 NPLLRKEsAPPSLRR 9606 18339811 t "Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. |Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs." SIGNOR-248604 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT HIF3A protein Q9Y2N7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr12 LQRARSTtELRKEKS 9606 BTO:0000793 27551449 t Parkinson miannu "Here we show that IPAS is a key molecule involved in neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD). IPAS was ubiquitinated by Parkin for proteasomal degradation following carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone treatment. Phosphorylation of IPAS at Thr12 by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) was required for ubiquitination to occur." SIGNOR-263090 PHF10 protein Q8WUB8 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270614 FOXP1 protein Q9H334 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 18640093 f "Notably, we demonstrate that FOXP1 directly interacts with AR and negatively regulates AR signaling ligand-dependently, as exemplified by the transcriptional repression of PSA gene regulated by androgen-dependent FOXP1 recruitment on its enhancer region." SIGNOR-253660 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Akt inactivates protein degradation by phosphorylating and thus repressing the transcription factors of the foxo family, and stimulates protein synthesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (gsk3b)." SIGNOR-252843 LRRC4B protein Q9NT99 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19467332 t miannu "A possible function for the NGL–PSD-95 interaction is to couple trans-synaptic adhesion events to the recruitment of PSD-95 and other PSD-95-associated postsynaptic proteins. PSD-95 and liprin-α may be key synaptic scaffolding proteins that couple trans-synaptic adhesions to the assembly of synaptic proteins/vesicles" SIGNOR-264052 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT CORO1C protein Q9ULV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254847 MNAT1 protein P51948 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 10949034 t Manara "Human Estrogen Receptor α Is Phosphorylated at Serine 118 In Vivo by Cdk7" SIGNOR-260837 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253164 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001253 18043734 t lperfetto "Mib1 is essential for the generation of functional notch ligands and regulates the classical notch ligands dll1, dll4, jag1, and jag2 in vertebrates mib1 is an essential e3 ubiquitin ligase for jag1 in the developing cerebellum." SIGNOR-159480 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu664 ATVIVITlVMLKKKQ -1 8943232 t lperfetto "The precise cathepsin D cleavage sites within these recombinant betaAPP substrates were identified using this technique. Both recombinant substrates were cleaved at the following sites: Leu49-Val50, Asp68-Ala69, Phe93-Phe94. | two additional cleavage sites near the amino terminus of betaA4, Glu-3-Val-2 and Glu3-Phe4, were observed, indicating that cathepsin D cleavage of betaAPP is influenced by the structural integrity of the substrate. Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261784 VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16301830 f "VEGF as a key mediator of angiogenesis in cancer." SIGNOR-256597 ERLIN1 protein O75477 UNIPROT Erlin complex SIGNOR-C532 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10119 BTO:0003293 19240031 t miannu "Here we report that the ER membrane protein SPFH1 and its homolog SPFH2 form a heteromeric approximately 2 MDa complex that binds to IP(3)R tetramers immediately after their activation and is required for their processing. The complex is ring-shaped (diameter approximately 250A(),) and RNA interference-mediated depletion of SPFH1 and SPFH2 blocks IP(3)R polyubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-275392 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD5/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C205 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 19620713 t ggiuliani "The expression of CA-BMPr1A and CA-BMPr1B mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR using appropriate primers to distinguish expression of the constitutively active receptors from endogenous BMP receptors; specific antibodies for these receptors were not available. However, the functional effects of their expression, i.e., phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, verify overexpression of the constitutively active receptors (Fig. 3B). Thus, their overexpression provoked a substantial rise in the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, known downstream phosphorylated intermediates in the BMP signaling pathway (Fig. 3B) (16, 17)." SIGNOR-255788 PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11702783 f gcesareni "Here, we report that pea-15, a protein variably expressed in multiple cell types, blocks erk-dependent transcription and proliferation by binding erks and preventing their localization in the nucleus._ Pea-15 can redirect the biological outcome of map kinase signaling by regulating the subcellular localization of erk map kinase." SIGNOR-111502 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr165 PSPATDLyQVPPGPG 9606 22084245 t lperfetto "Protein-tyrosine kinase 6 promotes peripheral adhesion complex formation and cell migration by phosphorylating p130 crk-associated substrate. Tyrosine residues 165 and 664 of p130cas were both phosphorylated by ptk6 in vitro" SIGNOR-177238 EN1 protein Q05925 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265776 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT UCP1 protein P25874 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18719589 f fspada "Bmp7 activates a full program of brown adipogenesis including induction of early regulators of brown fat fate prdm16 (pr-domain-containing 16; ref. 4) and pgc-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) coactivator-1alpha; ref. 5), increased expression of the brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and adipogenic transcription factors ppargamma and ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase-(also known as mapk14) and pgc-1-dependent pathways" SIGNOR-210059 LAMTOR1 protein Q6IAA8 UNIPROT LAMTOR complex SIGNOR-C26 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t lperfetto "Mammals express four rag proteinsRaga, ragb, ragc, and ragdthat form heterodimers consisting of raga or ragb with ragc or ragd. Raga and ragb, like ragc and ragd, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-164769 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 14585074 t "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" amattioni "Bax and/or bak-mediated release of pro-apoptotic mediators including smac/diablo and omi" SIGNOR-118905 pimozide chemical CHEBI:8212 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258718 PSMD6 protein Q15008 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263350 FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 17242066 t "Regulation of localization" miannu "We have discovered that fibrillin-1, which forms extracellular microfibrils, can regulate the bioavailability of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, a powerful cytokine that modulates cell survival and phenotype. Altered TGFbeta signaling is a major contributor to the pathology of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and related diseases. In the presence of cell layer extracellular matrix, a fibrillin-1 sequence encoded by exons 44-49 releases endogenous TGFbeta1, thereby stimulating TGFbeta receptor-mediated Smad2 signaling." SIGNOR-251888 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 10116 7780739 t "Inactivation of p42 MAP kinase by protein phosphatase 2A and a protein tyrosine phosphatase, but not CL100, in various cell lines|Protein phosphatase-2A was the only vanadate-insensitive phosphatase acting on Thr 183 of p42mapk or on MAPKK to be detected in PC12 cell extracts." SIGNOR-248590 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser8 MPLNRTLsMSSLPGL -1 6263629 t "A reinvestigation of the phosphorylation of Rabbit Skeletal-muscle glycogen synthase by cyclic AMP dependent Protein Kinase: identification of the third site of phosphorylation at Serine-7" SIGNOR-253008 MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000725 14701735 f irozzo "Here we demonstrate that MLL-ENL immortalizes cells mainly through inducing a reversible block on myeloid differentiation that is dependent on upregulation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 and that enforced expression of these two genes is sufficient to substitute for MLL-ENL function." SIGNOR-255865 Terfenadine chemical CHEBI:9453 ChEBI KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19660947 t Luana " hERG activity was initially determined in a high throughput patch clamp screening assay (Ionworks)5 while a human H1 binding assay was used to determine H1 binding affinity.6 Selected results were confirmed in vitro using an IonWorks Quattro patch clamp assay and in vivo in the guinea pig.7, 8 Histamine H1activity was confirmed in vivo in the guinea pig.7" SIGNOR-257826 G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25520508 t miannu "We show that G3BP1 can activate effectors of the innate immune transcriptional program, culminating in enhanced expression of a set of cytokines. We demonstrate that a subset of PKR is recruited to SGs, that close-proximity interactions between G3BP1 and PKR complexes increase in response to stress and PKR activation, that once activated PKR no longer associates with SGs, and that the PXXP domain of G3BP1 is essential for PKR recruitment to SGs and PKR activation in cells. Together, these findings suggest that G3BP1 plays an important role in the recruitment of PKR to SGs and suggest that activation of PKR can take place at the SG." SIGNOR-260750 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT AKR1C2 protein P52895 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255510 MAGED1 protein Q9Y5V3 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001760 20646279 f gcesareni "By comparing in vitro differentiation of myoblasts derived from wild-type or maged1 knockout mice, we observed that maged1 deficiency results in reduced levels of p21cip1/waf1, defective cell cycle exit and impaired myotube maturation." SIGNOR-166893 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9415393 f "Translocation from intracellular compartment to cell surface in muscle and adipose tissue" gcesareni "Akt is not only capable of stimulating the translocation of glut4 to the cell surface. Endogenous akt is likely to play a significant physiological role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin targets such as muscle and adipose tissue" SIGNOR-53968 GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT PLCE1 protein Q9P212 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Typically galfas stimulates adenylyl cyclase and increases levels of cyclic amp (camp), whereas galfai inhibits adenylyl cyclase and lowers camp levels, and members of the galfaq family bind to and activate phospholipase c (plc), which cleaves phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (pip2) into diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate (ip3). The gbeta subunits and ggamma subunits function as a dimer to activate manymolecules, including phospholipases, ion channels and lipid kinases." SIGNOR-152609 EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15094766 f lperfetto "A key player in the regulation of translation is the mRNA 5' cap-binding protein eIF4E, which is the rate-limiting member of the eIF4F complex" SIGNOR-236806 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11689553 f irozzo "To identify this pathway, we analyzed TGF-β-responsive elements in the human c-myc promoter and found that Smad proteins directly bound to an element in the c-myc promoter and suppressed c-myc promoter activity." SIGNOR-256291 FANCE protein Q9HB96 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263247 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR PPM1J protein Q5JR12 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18553930 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Specific phosphorylation of pp2czeta at ser (92) by stress-activated jnk attenuates its phosphatase activity in cells." SIGNOR-269981 CDH4 protein P55283 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 18701479 t lperfetto "Together, these data suggest that R-cadherin expression inhibits myogenesis and induces myoblast transformation through Rac1 activation. Therefore, the properties of R-cadherin make it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in RMS." SIGNOR-253103 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 21902831 f lperfetto "Precisely how this complex results in p38 activation is not known, but complex recruitment of the gtpase cdc42 is required for p38 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-176501 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18348712 t gcesareni "As reduction of pi3k activity by cd148 or shp-1 [32] is not large (2540%), it is likely that these ptps may function as modulators of the pi3k pathway rather than suppressors." SIGNOR-178049 PRMT1 protein Q99873 UNIPROT FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation 9606 BTO:0000567 30354839 t lperfetto "PRMT1 catalyzes the arginine methylation of Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), an RNA-binding protein that interacts with RALY. We demonstrate that RALY down-regulation decreases protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 levels, thus reducing FUS methylation. It is known that mutations in the FUS nuclear localization signal (NLS) retain the protein to the cytosol, promote aggregate formation, and are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." SIGNOR-262274 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser732 RRVRKLPsTTL 9534 BTO:0001538 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252761 NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT RELB protein Q01201 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19098713 t lperfetto "The map3k14-activated chuk/ikka homodimer phosphorylates nfkb2/p100 associated with relb, inducing its proteolytic processing to nfkb2/p52 and the formation of nf-kappa-b relb-p52 complexes. The nf-kappa-b heterodimeric relb-p52 complex is a transcriptional activator." SIGNOR-182835 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser66 QGSPPDIsPYEVPPL 10090 BTO:0000783;BTO:0002284 16407209 t "Here we show that a minor portion of IPF1/PDX1 is phosphorylated on serine 61 and/or serine 66 in pancreatic beta-cells. This phosphorylated form of IPF1/PDX1 preferentially accumulates following proteasome inhibition, an effect that is prevented by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity." SIGNOR-255544 NANOGP8 protein Q6NSW7 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10900 BTO:0000667 23839044 f Luana "Constitutive NanogP8 overexpression in adult L1 mice reduced CD34+α6+ and Lrig-1+ bulge stem cells, impaired keratinocyte migration, and repressed the expression of many stem cell-associated genes, including Bmp5, Fgfr2, Jmjd1a, and Jun." SIGNOR-266091 SCAP protein Q12770 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10029 BTO:0000246 12202038 t "SCAP contains two domains: an NH2-terminal membrane attachment domain with eight membrane-spanning helices (Nohturfft et al., 1998b) and a long COOH-terminal extension that contains multiple copies of a WD40 repeat sequence, which forms a propeller-like structure that binds to the COOH-terminal domains of the SREBPs, thereby permitting the escort function" SIGNOR-267501 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1054 FGLARDIyKDPDYVR 9606 18936167 t "These results therefore suggest that the autoactivation residues Y1054 and Y1059 are targeted by DEP-1 and that this results in the inhibition of kinase activity and the consequent general dephosphorylation of VEGFR2." SIGNOR-248709 SOX17 protein Q9H6I2 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 33083751 f SimoneGraziosi "Sox17 prevents beta-catenin activation by increasing its phosphorylation, particularly in WM lesions" SIGNOR-269268 USP25 protein Q9UHP3 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25755282 t miannu "Here, we report that USP25 is a novel TRiC interacting protein that is also phosphorylated by VRK2. USP25 catalyzed deubiquitination of the TRiC protein and stabilized the chaperonin, thereby reducing accumulation of misfolded polyglutamine protein aggregates. Notably, USP25 deubiquitinating activity was suppressed when VRK2 phosphorylated the Thr(680), Thr(727), and Ser(745) residues. " SIGNOR-273583 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser144 DSPALEVsDSESDEA 9606 10618498 t lperfetto "Serine residues 37 in the transactivation domain and 129, 144 and 146 in the pest domain of spi-b are phosphorylated by ckii in vitro. The ckii phosphorylation sites mapped in vitro are phosphorylated in vivo. Mutations of the ckii phosphorylation sites increase the ability of spi-b to transactivate. Spi-b phosphorylation by ckii reduces its stability" SIGNOR-73883 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SCYL1 protein Q96KG9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr469 STRHRVLtSAFSRAT 9606 BTO:0000567 24769208 t lperfetto "In previous work, we demonstrated that TEIF (transcriptional element-interacting factor) distributes in the centrosomes and regulates centrosome status under both physiologic and pathologic conditions.|A consensus motif for Akt phosphorylation (RHRVLT) proved to be involved in centrosomal TEIF localization, and the 469-threonine of this motif may be phosphorylated by Akt both in vitro and in vivo. Elimination of this phosphorylated site on TEIF caused reduced centrosome distribution and centrosome splitting or amplification." SIGNOR-265496 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT SMAD5/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C205 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20957627 t lperfetto "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common smad (co-smad; smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-255266 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 20530484 t miannu "BEST1 promoter activity was increased by SOX9 overexpression and decreased by siRNA-mediated SOX9 knockdown. SOX9 physically interacted with MITF and OTX2 and orchestrated synergistic activation of the BEST1 promoter with the paired SOX site playing essential roles." SIGNOR-255184 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr536 QKGQESEyGNITYPP 9606 7512963 t llicata "Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of tyr538 and the catalytic activity of ptp1c, a protein tyrosine phosphatase with src homology-2 domains. these results suggest that ptp1c is a target protein for the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase" SIGNOR-26870 FBXO7 protein Q9Y3I1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005490 30026574 t miannu "We have shown that CRBN is also targeted for degradation by SCFFbxo7 ubiquitin ligase. " SIGNOR-272315 metoprolol chemical CHEBI:6904 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 10079020 t Luana "In our CHO cells transfected with the human β1- and β2-adrenoceptors, the binding affinities of atenolol, metoprolol, betaxolol and practolol correlate with previously published β1- (P=0.03) and β2-adrenoceptor (P=0.03) binding affinities in human lung tissue" SIGNOR-258337 GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "On the other hand, galfas-coupled signals, such as epinephrine and glucagon, induce kinase activity of lats1/2, leading to phosphorylation and yap/taz." SIGNOR-199205 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 26330344 t fferrentino "BMP interacts with specific receptors on the cell surface, BMP receptor types 1 and 2 (BMPr1 and BMPr2)." SIGNOR-253547 CDK14 protein O94921 UNIPROT CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser73 STIFLSKsQTDVREK 9606 BTO:0000599 24794231 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin Y by CDK14 induces its ubiquitination and degradation|Phosphorylation of CCNY at Serines 71 and 73 creates a putative phospho-degron that controls its association with an SCF complex" SIGNOR-273007 CDK14 protein O94921 UNIPROT CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser71 RASTIFLsKSQTDVR 9606 BTO:0000599 24794231 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin Y by CDK14 induces its ubiquitination and degradation|Phosphorylation of CCNY at Serines 71 and 73 creates a putative phospho-degron that controls its association with an SCF complex" SIGNOR-273008 CyclinY/CDK14 complex SIGNOR-C541 SIGNOR CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser73 STIFLSKsQTDVREK 9606 BTO:0000599 24794231 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin Y by CDK14 induces its ubiquitination and degradation|Phosphorylation of CCNY at Serines 71 and 73 creates a putative phospho-degron that controls its association with an SCF complex" SIGNOR-273009 GTF2E2 protein P29084 UNIPROT TFIIE complex SIGNOR-C458 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31064989 t lperfetto "The heterodimer TFIIE (composed of the TFIIEα and TFIIEβ subunits) seems to play a pivotal role in transcription by directly influencing the transition from initiation to elongation3,4. TFIIE interacts with different factors within the PIC, including Pol II5,6 as well as with DNA immediately upstream of the transcription bubble region7,8. Furthermore, TFIIE seems to influence TFIIH activity9, although it is not clear how this molecular process can occur." SIGNOR-269361 KLHL20 protein Q9Y2M5 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20389280 t miannu "Here, we identify the BTB-Kelch protein KLHL20 as a negative regulator of DAPK. KLHL20 binds DAPK and Cullin 3 (Cul3) via its Kelch-repeat domain and BTB domain, respectively. The KLHL20-Cul3-ROC1 E3 ligase complex promotes DAPK polyubiquitination, thereby inducing the proteasomal degradation of DAPK." SIGNOR-271961 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser107 SVDSVTDsQKRREIL 9606 15073328 t lperfetto "Atm phosphorylated creb in vitro and in vivo in response to ionizing radiation (ir) and h(2)o(2) on a stress-inducible domain. Ir-induced phosphorylation of creb correlated with a decrease in creb transactivation potential and reduced interaction between creb and its transcriptional coactivator, creb-binding protein (cbp). A creb mutant containing ala substitutions at atm phosphorylation sites displayed enhanced transactivation potential," SIGNOR-124047 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser163 KRFSFKKsFKLSGFS -1 1560845 t gcesareni "Here we report that MARCKS is a filamentous (F) actin crosslinking protein, with activity that is inhibited by PKC-mediated phosphorylation and by binding to calcium-calmodulin" SIGNOR-249650 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9534 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252750 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr354 LKAYGNGySSNGNTG 10029 BTO:0000246 8557631 t "Insulin (10 nM)-stimulated rIR-catalyzed phosphorylation of β2-adrenergic receptor peptides was found prominently in peptides L339 (Tyr350 and Tyr354), T362 (Tyr364), and to a lesser extent peptides Y132 (Tyr132 and Tyr141), and I135 (Tyr141). G-protein-linked receptors and intrinsic tyrosine-kinase growth receptors represent two prominent modalities in cell signaling. Cross-regulation among members of both receptor superfamilies has been reported, including the counter-regulatory effects of insulin on β-adrenergic catecholamine action. Cells stimulated by insulin show loss of function and increased phosphotyrosine content of β2-adrenergic receptors." SIGNOR-251302 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262258 SNRNP27 protein Q8WVK2 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270642 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT PPME1 protein Q9Y570 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser15 MHLGRLPsRPPLPGS 9606 BTO:0000007 24841198 t lperfetto "CaMKI Is the Upstream Kinase for Phosphorylation of PME-1/Ser15|Our results also demonstrated that the phosphorylated levels of PME-1/Ser15 and CaMKI/Thr177 are inversely correlated with the phosphatase activity of SIK2·PP2A complex, further implying that the demethylase activity of phosphorylated PME-1/Ser15 may be higher than that of its unphosphorylated state." SIGNOR-265747 GAST protein P01350 UNIPROT SLC4A2 protein P04920 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000269 22228178 f "Gastrin inhibited proliferation of colon cancer cells by suppressing expression of EGR1 and AE2 and by blocking ERK phosphorylation." SIGNOR-254251 vandetanib chemical CHEBI:49960 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207624 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572;BTO:0000801 21232017 t miannu "TRADD and RIP1 contain a C‐terminal death domain which mediates binding to the death domain of TNFR1. Upon association with ligated TNFR1, TRADD further recruits the adapter protein TRAF2 via its N‐terminal TRAF‐binding domain" SIGNOR-245029 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23979597 t miannu " We showed that PHF8 interacts with the CDC20-containing APC (APC(cdc20)) primarily during mitosis. we demonstrate that mutations of the LXPKXLF motif abrogate polyubiquitylation of PHF8 by the APC. APC substrates are typically cell cycle regulators, and consistent with this, the loss of PHF8 leads to prolonged G2 phase and defective mitosis." SIGNOR-272880 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 6239 SIGNOR-C15 17900900 t lperfetto "The energy sensor amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) has been shown to directly phosphorylate foxo factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the akt." SIGNOR-219247 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7834749 t "Nuclear p53" amattioni "Bax is a p53 primary-response gene, presumably involved in a p53-regulated pathway for induction of apoptosis" SIGNOR-33922 C1QC protein P02747 UNIPROT "Complement C1q" complex SIGNOR-C308 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 29449492 t lperfetto "C1q comprises 18 polypeptide chains; three chains of C1q-A, -B, and -C trimerize to form six collagen-like triple helices connected to six globular (trimeric) ligand-recognition (gC1q) modules (fig. S1B) (1)." SIGNOR-263389 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT RND3 protein P61587 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser11 RRASQKLsSKSIMDP 9606 15775972 t lperfetto "We show that rock phosphorylates endogenous rhoe at serine 11 upon cell stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor. Phosphorylation has no effect on rhoe binding to rock i, but instead increases rhoe protein stability." SIGNOR-134703 acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 20952656 t miannu "ACC catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting and first committed step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Two isoforms of ACC exist in mammals, ACC1 and ACC2, and both enzymes function to carboxylate acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA" SIGNOR-267107 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 SRSGLYRsPSMPENL 9606 SIGNOR-C17 10864927 t gcesareni "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-78420 PFAS protein O15067 UNIPROT N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:147286 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The first two reactions catalyzed by TGART are sequential and produce FGAR, which is then acted upon by the third enzyme in the pathway, formylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS/FGAMS).The transferred ammonia is then used to convert FGAR to FGAM. The FGAMS protein exhibits interesting biophys ical properties and will be covered later in this review. The FGAM produced by FGAMS is then converted into AIR by the AIRS domain of TGART, resulting in a five membered ring closure." SIGNOR-267309 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1696 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269342 TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr201 SPLTTGVyVKMPPTE 9606 9813138 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that rlk (resting lymphocyte kinase) is capable of phosphorylating ctla-4 at the yvkm motif. Consistent with this finding, rlk is capable of providing conditions for the binding of the sh2 domains of pi 3-kinase to the receptor. Ctla-4 is therefore the first known substrate for rlk suggesting the possibility that this kinase may participate in ctla-4 function" SIGNOR-61624 TGFb proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF5 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 SIGNOR-C9 12524424 f fspada "Because tgf-beta inhibits adipogenesis by signaling through smad3, we examined physical and functional interactions of smad3 and smad4 with c/ebpbeta, c/ebpdelta, and ppargamma2." SIGNOR-97123 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265405 TESK1 protein Q15569 UNIPROT TESK1 protein Q15569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser220 EPLAVVGsPYWMAPE 9606 BTO:0000567 10207045 t lperfetto "Site-directed mutagenesis analyses revealed that Ser-215 within the activation loop of the kinase domain is the site of serine autophosphorylation of TESK1. Replacement of Ser-215 by alanine almost completely abolished serine autophosphorylation and histone H3 kinase activities." SIGNOR-246667 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser178 LFTQRQNsAPARMLS 9606 12676583 t "Phosphorylation is the signal for ubiquitination" gcesareni "We show that ir-induced destruction of cdc25a requires both atm and the chk2-mediated phosphorylation of cdc25a on serine 123. the basal turnover of cdc25a operating in unperturbed s phase required chk1-dependent phosphorylation of serines 123, 178, 278, and 292. Ir-induced acceleration of cdc25a proteolysis correlated with increased phosphate incorporation into these residues generated by a combined action of chk1 and chk2 kinases." SIGNOR-99725 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT IL32 protein P24001 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 20889550 f lperfetto "A virus or dsRNA in human PBMCs from healthy volunteers. We demonstrate that the NF-κB and CREB pathways play key roles in the activation of IL-32 production in response to influenza virus infection in A549 human lung epithelial cells.|Overexpression assays combined with RNA interference show that DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3b are critical for IL32 promoter methylation and gene silencing before viral infection." SIGNOR-254126 11-deoxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16973 ChEBI corticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16827 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268673 SESN3 protein P58005 UNIPROT GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 25457612 t "We describe AMPK-independent mechanism of mTORC1 regulation by the Sestrins, in which the Sestrins inhibit mTORC1 localization to the lysosomes in a Rag-dependent manner through an interaction with GATOR2" SIGNOR-253561 MRAP protein Q8TCY5 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce the surface expression of MC4R and also the signaling of this receptor. we observed a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of MC4R and MC5R in the presence of MRAP and MRAP2. It is interesting that MRAP and MRAP2 have opposite effects in the modulation of different MCR family members." SIGNOR-252362 neostigmine chemical CHEBI:7514 ChEBI ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001239 17888667 t Luana "AChE inhibitory activity study was carried out by using Ellman colorimetric assay with neostigmine as a reference standard against targets from different species, such as pure electric eel AChE, human serum AChE, and rat brain AChE. Among the compounds synthesized, compounds 5a, 5b, 5j showed good inhibition against AChE." SIGNOR-257758 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser292 QLLRRESsVGYRVPA 9606 21209314 t llicata "Here, we report the identification of serine 292 in rin1 as an in vivo pkd phosphorylation site. we demonstrate that phosphorylation at serine 292 controls rin1-mediated inhibition of cell migration by modulating the activation of abl kinases." SIGNOR-170877 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 24737791 t milica "The signaling mechanism utilizes an adaptor protein, shc, which binds to a phosphotyrosine residue on the il-2/15r?, Resulting in activation of grb2 and onto akt via the shc-grb2-gab2-pi3k-akt signaling pathway to increase cell proliferation and/or survival" SIGNOR-204969 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys14 VKEGWLHkRGEYIKT 10090 BTO:0000562 21775285 t gcesareni "We show that Akt and PDK1 are acetylated at lysine residues in their pleckstrin homology domains, which mediate PIP(3) binding. Acetylation blocked binding of Akt and PDK1 to PIP(3), thereby preventing membrane localization and phosphorylation of Akt. Deacetylation by SIRT1 enhanced binding of Akt and PDK1 to PIP(3) and promoted their activation." SIGNOR-252445 RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18594563 t gcesareni "The 9-1-1 complex functions as a clamp, encircling the dna, and recruits the brct domain-containing protein topbp1 in a phospho-dependent manner" SIGNOR-179382 GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 19549922 f gcesareni "Gpr30 also stimulates the pi3k pathway, elevating cellular pip3 levels, which is also predicted to activate nr5a receptors by direct binding of pip3 to the ligand binding domain ." SIGNOR-186206 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 9606 23603988 t gcesareni "We recently demonstrated that through their physical interaction, cdk9 phosphorylates p53 on ser-392, leading to p53 stability and accumulation" SIGNOR-201935 SEC24D protein O94855 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265291 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser909 HQRCLAHsLVGTPNY 9606 BTO:0000007 15688006 t milica "We show that Mst2 and hWW45 interact with each other in human cells and that both Mst2 and Mst1 are able to phosphorylate Lats1 and Lats2, thereby stimulating Lats kinase activity." SIGNOR-133551 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 10090 BTO:0004058 17548510 f "Simone Vumbaca" "Indeed, we observed a reduction in Pax7 protein levels upon ectopic myogenin expression in MM14 myoblasts, even under proliferation conditions" SIGNOR-255638 VAPB protein O95292 UNIPROT "VAPB-PTPIP51 complex" complex SIGNOR-C275 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 30841933 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers regulate synaptic activity. VAPB and PTPIP51 localise and form contacts at synapses, and stimulating neuronal activity increases ER-mitochondria contacts and the VAPB-PTPIP51 interaction." SIGNOR-262118 RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT RAB3C protein Q96E17 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264382 CHMP1B protein Q7LBR1 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265524 VPS18 protein Q9P253 UNIPROT GGA3 protein Q9NZ52 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys258 LFDQCENkRRTLFKL -1 16996030 t miannu "Monoubiquitylation of GGA3 by hVPS18 regulates its ubiquitin-binding ability. By in vitro ubiquitylation assays, we have identified lysine 258 in the GAT domain as a major ubiquitylation site that resides adjacent to the ubiquitin-binding site. Furthermore, the GAT domain ubiquitylated by hVPS18 no longer binds to ubiquitin, indicating that ubiquitylation negatively regulates the ubiquitin-binding ability of the GAT domain. These results suggest that the ubiquitin binding and ubiquitylation of GGA3-GAT domain are mutually inseparable through a ubiquitin ligase activity of hVPS18." SIGNOR-271610 glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI PYGB protein P11216 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed […] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267951 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GORASP2 protein Q9H8Y8 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr225 QMAGTPItPLKDGFT 9606 BTO:0000567 11408587 t lperfetto "Furthermore, ERK2 directly phosphorylated GRASP55 on the same residues that generated the MPM2 phospho-epitope.|The obvious next challenge is to demonstrate the precise role of these phosphorylation events." SIGNOR-249404 NDUFS2 protein O75306 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The Q-module is built through the association of NDUFA5, NDUFS2 and NDUFS3 plus NDUFS7 and NDUFS8. The chaperones NDUFAF3/C3ORF60 and NDUFAF4/C6ORF66 [36,37] remain bound to this module until the final assembly steps [34]. NDUFAF6/C8ORF38 [38] also seems to participate in the assembly of the Q-module [24,39]. NDUFAF3, 4 and 6, are necessary to maintain normal MT-ND1 synthesis [40,41]. NDUFAF5 adds a hydroxyl group to Arg73 of NDUFS7 [42] and NDUFAF7 dimethylates NDUFS2 in Arg85 [43], an essential modification for cI assembly [44]. NUBPL/IND1 delivers [4Fe–4S] clusters specifically to the N- and Q-module subunits [45,46]." SIGNOR-262176 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 20651737 t lperfetto "As nik levels increase, nik presumably becomes activated by autophosphorylation (p)." SIGNOR-167063 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16023596 t gcesareni "Similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-138592 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr100 FDKDGNGyISAAELR 9606 3415247 t miannu "Phosphorylation of calmodulin by the epidermal-growth-factor-receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylated calmodulin does not exhibit the characteristic ca2+ shift normally observed with calmodulin in electrophoretic gels, an observation that is consistent with this modification affecting the biological activity of the molecule." SIGNOR-266319 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT DENND3 protein A2RUS2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser490 ELAPRNSsLRLTDTA 9606 25925668 t lperfetto "ULK-mediated phosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DENND3 at serines 554 and 572 upregulates its GEF activity toward the small GTPase Rab12." SIGNOR-264733 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "Erk also undergoes rapid translocation into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and activates a variety of transcription factor targets, including sp1, e2f, elk-1, and ap1" SIGNOR-121991 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR -1 19494114 t llicata "Tumor suppressor density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) inhibits the RAS pathway by direct dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 kinases.|Pulldown and in vitro dephosphorylation assays confirmed our prediction and demonstrated an overall specificity of DEP-1 in targeting the phosphorylated tyrosine 204 of ERK1/2." SIGNOR-248708 CWC27 protein Q6UX04 UNIPROT Spliceosomal_snRNP_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH79 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11991638 f "Purification and characterization of native pliceosomes suitable for three-dimensional structural analysis" SIGNOR-261148 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr551 RYVLDDEyTSSVGSK 9606 BTO:0000776 8630736 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at y551 requires lyn kinase activity, indicating that y551 is a transphosphorylation site \ this transphosphorylation at y551 is followed by phosphorylation at a second site, which is dependent on btk catalytic activity." SIGNOR-41607 IL12A protein P29459 UNIPROT IL12B protein P29460 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7527811 t fspada "However, a proper conformation required for high affinity binding is achieved only when p40 is associated with a p35 subunit or another p40 subunit. When p40 is associated with a p35 subunit, the heterodimer acts as an agonist mediating biologic activity. However, when p40 associates with another p40, the homodimer behaves as an antagonist in vitro" SIGNOR-27619 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT IREB2 protein P48200 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser157 LQKAGKLsPVKVQPK 9606 SIGNOR-C17 18574241 t lperfetto "Irp2 ser-157 is phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin b1 during g(2)/m / ser-157 phosphorylation during g(2)/m reduces irp2 rna-binding activity" SIGNOR-179171 "Mitochondrial Fe-S Cluster Assembly Complex" complex SIGNOR-C276 SIGNOR "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 27519411 t lperfetto "As the architecture of the human machinery remains undefined, we co-expressed in Escherichia coli the following four proteins involved in the initial step of Fe-S cluster synthesis: FXN42-210 (iron donor); [NFS1]¬∑[ISD11] (sulfur donor); and ISCU (scaffold upon which new clusters are assembled). We purified a stable, active complex consisting of all four proteins with 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry." SIGNOR-262129 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser405 KTQTPPVsPAPQPTE 9606 20444238 t gcesareni "Strikingly, we find that pak1 phosphorylation of cortactin on serine residues 405 and 418 increases its association with n-wasp. Thus, pak1, by controlling the interaction between cortactin and n-wasp, could regulate the polymerization of actin during clathrin-independent endocytosis." SIGNOR-165216 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161626 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7230 KPSSRAAsPTRSSSS 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264428 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser244 PPLRRSPsRTEKQEE -1 15850461 t miannu "Human CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-179 and Ser-244 by MAPKAP-K2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2) or MAPKAP-K3 in vitro. In the present paper we have identified CapZIP as a protein that is phosphorylated exceptionally rapidly by several SAPKs in vitro (Figure 4), and which is expressed in muscles and immune cells. Both MAPKAP-K2 and MAPKAP-K3 phosphorylated CapZIP at Ser-179 in vitro. An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263080 Galanin smallmolecule CHEBI:80161 ChEBI GALR1 protein P47211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257494 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT Prostacycline smallmolecule CID:159 PUBCHEM up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 11751058 t gcesareni "Cox catalyzes two enzymatic activities;namely, the conversion of aa to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide pgg2, followed by its subsequent reduction to the labile product pgh2. Pgh2_ is the common substrate for a number of different cell-specific synthases, which convert pgh2_ to the individual pgs or tx, including pge2, pgi2_ (prostacyclin), pgd2, pgf2alfa, and txa2" SIGNOR-113300 DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT "RNA helicases DDX5/DDX17" complex SIGNOR-C34 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17011493 t lperfetto "We have found that the rna helicases p68/p72 are myod-associated proteins and that the noncoding rna sra also immunoprecipitates with myod. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that both p68/p72 and sra are coactivators of myod." SIGNOR-149964 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT IFIH1 protein Q9BYX4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser88 EALRRTGsPLAARYM 9606 23499489 t lperfetto "Exogenous PP1alpha or PP1gamma substantially decreased the S88 phosphorylation of Flag-MDA5|we identified PP1alpha and PP1gamma as primary phosphatases responsible for MDA5 and RIG-I dephosphorylation, leading to their activation." SIGNOR-264579 GMNN protein O75496 UNIPROT CDT1 protein Q9H211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 11125146 t "Here we show that geminin interacts tightly with Cdt1, a recently identified replication initiation factor necessary for MCM loading." SIGNOR-261680 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263851 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2516 FLTPSPEsPDQWSSS -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273177 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT STXBP4 protein Q6ZWJ1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 GAKLRLEsAWEIAFI 10029 BTO:0000246 15753124 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates Synip to regulate docking and fusion of GLUT4-containing vesicles. These data demonstrate that insulin activation of Akt2 specifically regulates the docking/fusion step of GLUT4-containing vesicles at the plasma membrane through the regulation of Synip phosphorylation and Synip-Syntaxin4 interaction.Thus, our data demonstrate that insulin-stimulated Akt2-dependent phosphorylation of Synip on serine residue 99 results in reduced binding interactions between Synip and Syntaxin4." SIGNOR-262635 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser57 KKDRFYRsILPGDKT 10116 18586681 t "Both sites were dephosphorylated with the same kinetics; the anti-Ser(P)198 antibody was subsequently used as it exhibited lower background staining. Direct comparison of PP2Cα with purified PP1 and PP2A lead us to conclude that at the same molar ratio PP2Cα was the most efficient in dephosphorylating PAK1 (Fig. 1D). In this case we monitored two autophosphorylation sites in the Pak1 N-terminal regulatory region (Ser57 and Ser198/203) using phosphospecific antibodies: both sites showed the same kinetics of inactivation." SIGNOR-248598 GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268610 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys19 VKRLLGWkKSAGGSG 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0002181;BTO:0000552 17074756 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that both smad2 and smad3 are acetylated by the coactivators p300 and cbp in a tgfbeta-dependent manner. To identify the specific lysine residue acetylated by p300, lys19, and lys20 in smad2(fl) were mutated individually and subjected to p300-mediated acetylation following expression in 293t cells. Mutation of lys19 blocked the p300-mediated acetylation of smad2(fl), whereas mutation of lys20 had no effect (fig. 2b), suggesting that lys19 is the preferred site for p300-mediated acetylation of smad2(fl)." SIGNOR-235899 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RBBP6 protein Q7Z6E9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271183 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD1/5/8 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF35 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 "BTO:0000165;BTO:0002974; BTO:0002809" 9442019 t ggiuliani "In this study, we isolated human Smad5 and found that Smad5 was involved in BMP-2 signaling cascades, which mediate the bone-inducing effects of BMP-2. Smad5 was directly serine-phosphorylated by BMPIR through a physical interaction. The activated Smad5 subsequently formed a complex with DPC4, and this complex was then translocated to the nucleus." SIGNOR-255830 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser287 SMSSCGSsGYFSSSP 9606 22017877 t lperfetto "We found that deptor was rapidly phosphorylated on three serines in a conserved degron, facilitating binding and ubiquitylation by the f box protein _trcp, with consequent proteasomal degradation of deptor. Phosphorylation of the _trcp degron in deptor is executed by ck1" SIGNOR-176887 CYP11A1 protein P05108 UNIPROT pregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:16581 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) assists in the transport of cholesterol from the cytosol to the inner mitochondria membrane to be converted into pregnenolone using the P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) enzyme." SIGNOR-268632 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT SEC63 protein Q9UGP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser574 EEVSDKGsDSEEEET 9606 BTO:0000599 23287549 t lperfetto "Sec63 was identified as a novel substrate and binding partner of protein kinase CK2. We identified serine 574, serine 576 and serine 748 as CK2 phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of Sec63 by CK2 enhanced its binding to Sec62." SIGNOR-265270 BRD7 protein Q9NPI1 UNIPROT BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000192 12600283 f miannu "BRD7 protein could respectively interact with proteins, BRD2 and BRD3, and BRD7 could up-regulate the expression levels of BRD2 and BRD3 genes in mRNA level to some extent." SIGNOR-253763 MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 16815997 f gcesareni "In the absence of wnt, macf1 associated with a complex that contained axin, betBeta-catenin, gsk3beta, and apc. Upon wnt stimulation, macf1 appeared to be involved in the translocation and subsequent binding of the axin complex to lrp6 at the cell membrane. Macf1 is involved in the translocation of the complex containing axin, Beta-catenin, and gsk3_ but not apc from the cytosol to the cell membrane, where axin and macf1 bind to lrp-5/6. Subsequently, gsk3_ is inactivated by phosphorylation, axin is degraded, and Beta-catenin is released and enters the nucleus, where it can activate the wnt-responsive genes." SIGNOR-147448 EML4-ALK "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP8 SIGNOR KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19483050 f lperfetto "A recurrent gene fusion between echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4;and, occasionally, of other fusion partners) and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) geneoccurs in of NSCLCs , resulting in activation of a potent ALK fusion protein.ALK fusion protein is usually found in never-smoker subjects. Although relatively rare, therelative paucity of fusion proteins known to contribute to lung cancer pathogenesis makes this a finding of biological interest. Although present understanding of the ALK fusion protein is limited, it may play a role in activating RAS. Thus it is negatively associated with thepresence of KRAS or EGFR mutations, and may favour ADC histology and never-smokerstatus." SIGNOR-253216 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 ITATSPAsMVGGKPG 9606 12510059 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-96940 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257700 MYO10 protein Q9HD67 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27580874 f miannu "Myosin X is required for filopodia formation and extension. myosin X functions as an antiparallel dimer in cells with a unique geometry optimized for movement on actin bundles. Myosin X facilitates initiation and elongation of filopodia, which implies favouring formation of parallel bundled F-actin filaments." SIGNOR-268283 SSTR4 protein P31391 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256823 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr434 MSFHRNHtATVRSHA 9606 11123317 t amattioni "Cd5 is a good pkc substrate. Phosphorylation of cd5 is necessary for cd5-mediated lipid second messenger generation." SIGNOR-85175 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR WDR45 protein Q9Y484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "WIPI4 is stimulated by AMPK, NUAK2 and BRSK2. This finding is supported by the results of our kinome screening, which identified AMPK and the AMKP-related kinases NUAK2 and BRSK2, all of which function downstream of LKB1 (ref. 69) and stimulate the localization of WIPI4 to nascent autophagosomes." SIGNOR-268480 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr135 PKKMEDLtNVSSLLN 9606 BTO:0000567 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265234 TRIB3 protein Q96RU7 UNIPROT COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16794074 t miannu "TRB3 appears to inhibit ACC activity by functioning as an adaptor for COP1.  Taken together, these results suggest that TRB3 may promote loss of fat by mediating the COP1-dependent ubiquitination and inactivation of ACC. Taking these results together, we propose that TRB3 may protect against diet-induced obesity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation in adipose during fasting through the COP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ACC (Fig. 4D)." SIGNOR-271603 Cortistatin14 smallmolecule CID:16133803 PUBCHEM MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257544 PPP1R3B protein Q86XI6 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000759 36551183 t miannu "In the liver, PTG and PPP1R3B(GL)are expressed at roughly equivalent levels [55], and they jointly promote hepatic glycogen mobilization and storage. PTG overexpression significantly increased glycogen content, mainly due to its ability to promote the redistribution of PP1 and glycogen synthase to glycogen granules, significantly increasing GS activity and glycogen synthesis (Figure 2)" SIGNOR-271736 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT UBE2C protein O00762 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19632176 t miannu "The evolution of prostate cancer from an androgen-dependent state (ADPCa) to one that is androgen-independent (AIPCa) marks its lethal progression. The androgen receptor (AR) is essential in both, though its function in AIPCa is poorly understood. We have defined the direct AR-dependent target genes in both AIPCa and ADPCa by generating AR-dependent gene expression profiles and AR cistromes. In contrast to ADPCa, AR selectively up-regulates M-phase cell cycle genes in AIPCa including UBE2C, a gene that inactivates the M-phase checkpoint." SIGNOR-251543 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2612 MFVETQAsQGTLQTR 9606 BTO:0000773 12186630 t lperfetto "We have identified seven in vitro autophosphorylation sites in DNA-PKcs. Six of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2620, Ser2624, Thr2638 and Thr2647) are clustered in a region of 38 amino acids in the central region of the protein. Five of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638, Thr2647 and Ser3205) are conserved between six vertebrate species. Moreover, we show that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated in vivo at Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638 and Thr2647 in okadaic acid-treated human cells. | Thus phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at one or more of the autophosphorylation sites identified in this study is likely to be required for DNA-PKcs function." SIGNOR-249155 "AZ 960" chemical CID:25099184 PUBCHEM JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190128 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257932 EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 20506119 f miannu "In melanoma and carcinoma cells EGR1 activates NAB2 expression. we investigated the influence of EGR2 and EGR3 on NAB2 expression in melanoma and carcinoma cells. Here, we show that like EGR1, EGR2 and EGR3 induced NAB2 expression in these cells. EGR1 and EGR3 act in concert on the NAB2 promoter and are more potent activators of NAB2 transcription than EGR2." SIGNOR-253883 P300/PCAF complex SIGNOR-C7 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 15009097 t lperfetto "Gcn5 functions like pcaf, in that it binds to tgf-beta-specific r-smads, and enhances transcriptional activity induced by tgf-beta. In addition, gcn5, but not pcaf, interacts with r-smads for bone morphogenetic protein (bmp) signalling pathways, and enhances bmp-induced transcriptional activity, suggesting that gcn5 and pcaf have distinct physiological functions in vivo." SIGNOR-217230 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1176 ISLGESVsDMAPARP -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262904 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270726 KMT2E protein Q8IZD2 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21205756 t miannu "MLL5 binds to retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and induces transcriptional activation of RARα target genes by methylation of lysine residues of histone H3." SIGNOR-260041 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr334 MQDNSGTyGKIWEGS 9534 BTO:0000298 11381116 t "The tyrosine phosphorylation sites of PKC delta in the H(2)O(2)-treated cells were identified as Tyr-311, Tyr-332, and Tyr-512 by mass spectrometric analysis with the use of the precursor-scan method and by immunoblot analysis with the use of phosphorylation site-specific antibodies. Tyr-311 was the predominant modification site among them. In an in vitro study, phosphorylation at this site by Lck, a non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase, enhanced the basal enzymatic activity and elevated its maximal velocity in the presence of diacylglycerol. phosphorylation at Tyr-311 between the regulatory and catalytic domains is a critical step for generation of the active PKC delta in response to H(2)O(2)." SIGNOR-251385 NUP62 protein P37198 UNIPROT p62_complex complex SIGNOR-C259 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 BTO:0000154 2050741 t Simone "Thus, the p62-p58-p54 complex defines a group of proteins with strong protein-protein interactions that form a unit of pore structure essential for pore function." SIGNOR-261258 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr500 WDGVTTKtFCGTPDY 10116 8749392 t "Specifically, the threonine at position 500 (T500) on the activation loop, and T641 and S660 on the carboxyl terminus of protein kinase C beta II are phosphorylated in vivo. T500 and S660 are selectively dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatase 2A to yield an enzyme that is still capable of lipid-dependent activation, whereas all three residues are dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 to yield an inactive enzyme." SIGNOR-248620 SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253447 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000938 12530964 t lperfetto "Mib1 is essential for the generation of functional notch ligands and regulates the classical notch ligands dll1, dll4, jag1, and jag2 in vertebrates mib1 is an essential e3 ubiquitin ligase for jag1 in the developing cerebellum." SIGNOR-97388 CABIN1 protein Q9Y6J0 UNIPROT "HIRA complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C462 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30285846 t miannu "H3.3 is an ancient and conserved H3 variant and plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation. HIRA complex, which is composed of HIRA, UBN1 or UBN2, and Cabin1, is a H3.3 specific chaperone complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the UBN1 or UBN2 subunit is mainly responsible for specific recognition and direct binding of H3.3 by the HIRA complex." SIGNOR-269438 IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22378047 f lperfetto "IL-4-induced c-Myc activity controls a subset of M2-associated genes. IL-4 also induces the M2-polarizing JMJD3-IRF4 axis to inhibit IRF5-mediated M1 polarization." SIGNOR-249562 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003291 18628958 t miannu "Here, we report that the majority of genes in human purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway were induced and directly bound by c-Myc in the P493-6 human Burkitt's lymphoma model cell line. The mRNA levels of IMPDH1 and IMPDH2, the rate-limiting enzyme in purine de novo synthesis, increased with MYC induction both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-267377 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27858941 f miannu "Through inhibition of PI3K–AKT signaling, DAB2IP also represses ZEB1, another CSC determinant." SIGNOR-254772 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser272 EEPSPLPsPTASPNH -1 11113134 t llicata "Amphiphysin is phosphorylated by cdk5 in a region including serines 272, 276, and 285. Amphiphysin 1 is also phosphorylated by the cdc2/cyclin B kinase complex in the same region and undergoes mitotic phosphorylation in dividing cells. " SIGNOR-250648 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256871 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LAX1 protein Q8IWV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr268 SSQISNDyVNMTGLD 9606 BTO:0000007 12359715 t miannu "Upon stimulation via the B or T cell receptors, LAX is rapidly phosphorylated by Src and Syk family tyrosine kinases and interacts with Grb2, Gads, and p85. " SIGNOR-273526 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr590 PALLEHRtGRYAPTI 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262927 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT DCLRE1C protein Q96SD1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser503 NDEITDEsLENFPSS 9606 16874298 t lperfetto "Artemis is a nuclear phosphoprotein required for genomic integrity whose phosphorylation is increased subsequent to dna damage. Artemis phosphorylation by the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk). However, regardless of its association with dna-pkcs, phosphorylation of artemis at both s516 and s645 was stimulated in response to the double-stranded dna-damaging agent bleomycin" SIGNOR-148327 BHLHE41 protein Q9C0J9 UNIPROT BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14672706 f lperfetto "We show here an autofeedback loop of Dec1 encoding a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor: CLOCK/BMAL increased the promoter activity of Dec1, and DEC1 and DEC2 as well as PERs and CRYs suppressed the induced expression." SIGNOR-253714 5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-4-imidazolidinone chemical CHEBI:91658 ChEBI RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 19524513 t gcesareni "The interaction between rip1 and rip3 is abolished by the rip1 kinase inhibitor necrostatin-1." SIGNOR-186075 MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg679 EKTTRKKrNVNFQKA -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263423 imatinib chemical CHEBI:45783 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258227 HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256863 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT Vascular_Permeability phenotype SIGNOR-PH140 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28966616 f lperfetto "BK binds receptor B2 (B2R) and triggers inflammation, edema, and symptoms of anaphylaxis." SIGNOR-263540 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser257 DSFESIEsYDSCDRL 9606 BTO:0000782 12475968 t lperfetto "Treatment of ets1 by t-cell nuclear extract or phosphorylation of these four serines by calmodulin-dependent kinase ii (camk ii) has recently been reported to decrease ets1 dna binding by reinforcing autoinhibition" SIGNOR-96334 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10708759 t esanto "Autophosphorylated trka binds directly to plc?, Abl, and shc." SIGNOR-75402 IL12A protein P29459 UNIPROT T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10653850 f miannu "IL-12 Synergizes With IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma Production From Human T Cells. IL-12 and IL-18 acted in a synergistic manner for the development of T cells into IFN-γ-producing cells without their TCR. Here we show that IL-12 and IL-1beta synergistically induce T cells to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma without their TCR engagement. IL-12 stimulation induced an increase in the proportion of T cells positive for IL-18R engagement." SIGNOR-260966 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser337 IVSPPPSsPPSSLTT 9606 8087847 t lperfetto "Association of e2f with rb inhibits its transactivation potential. phosphorylation of e2f-1 on serine residues 332 and 337 prevented its interaction with rbthese residues were phosphorylated in vivo and by p34cdc2 kinase in vitro." SIGNOR-36026 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RAB11A protein P62491 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser177 TEIYRIVsQKQMSDR -1 22188018 t miannu "This report shows for the first time that Rab11 is differentially phosphorylated by distinct PKC isoenzymes and that this post-translational modification might be a regulatory mechanism of intracellular trafficking.Our results demonstrate that classical PKC (PKCα and PKCβII but not PKCβI) directly phosphorylate Rab11 in vitro. In addition, novel PKCε and PKCη but not PKCδ isoenzymes also phosphorylate Rab11. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Ser 177 is the Rab11 residue to be phosphorylated in vitro by either PKCβII or PKCε." SIGNOR-263168 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr140 LRYLKYRtKTRASAT 9606 BTO:0000975 15107581 t "Translocation from Endosome to Lysosome" gcesareni "As we have shown previously, human h1r can be phosphorylated in vitro by several kinases includingpka, pkc, pkg, and camk ii in summary, these data suggest that thr140, thr142, ser396, ser398, and thr478 can be phosphorylated by the kinases described above (table 2)." SIGNOR-124348 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP 9606 15618221 t lperfetto "Ttk/hmps1 directly phosphorylates chk2 on thr-68 in vitro.ablation of ttk expression using small interfering rna results not only in reduced chk2 thr-68 phosphorylation, but also in impaired growth arrest. Our results are consistent with a model in which ttk functions upstream from chk2 in response to dna damage" SIGNOR-132665 1-[4-[[2-(2-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-7-methyl-4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-hydroxy-1-propanone chemical CHEBI:93753 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252657 TPI1 protein P60174 UNIPROT "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is the glycolytic enzyme with the highest activity in vitro. TPI catalyzes the interconversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and DHAP (Figure 1). It consists of a dimer with 2 identical subunits of 248 amino acids (27 kDa)." SIGNOR-266491 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268873 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256695 NDUFC1 protein O43677 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262173 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 20630875 t gcesareni "Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (mt) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. Here we show that in response to hyperosmotic stress, jnk phosphorylates a key cytoplasmic microtubule regulatory protein, stathmin (stmn), on conserved ser-25 and ser-38 residues. In in vitro biochemical studies, we identified stmn ser-38 as the critical residue required for efficient phosphorylation by jnk and identified a novel kinase interaction domain in stmn required for recognition by jnk. We revealed that jnk was required for microtubule stabilization in response to hyperosmotic stress." SIGNOR-166690 BCHE protein P06276 UNIPROT acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 15841900 t "The other subgroup, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (or acyl- choline acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) also known as plasma, serum, benzoyl, false, butyryl, nonspecific, or type II ChE. BuChE exists in plasma and has more than eleven isoenzy- me variants. BuChE is also present in liver, smooth muscle, intestines, pancreas, heart and white matter of brain |It hydrolyzes butyrylcholine 4 times more rapidly than acetylcholine." SIGNOR-253982 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1651 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself. Cellular kinase cdk9 phosphorylates serine-2 in the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rnap ii" SIGNOR-203520 HOOK3 protein Q86VS8 UNIPROT MSR1 protein P21757 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801 17237231 t miannu "We have identified a microtubule-binding protein, hook3, as a novel interacting partner of sr-a. / by transfecting small interfering rna targeting hook3, total and surface expression, receptor-mediated ligand uptake and protein stability of sr-a were significantly promoted, whereas the protein synthesis and maturation were not altered. We propose for the first time that hook3 may participate in the turnover of the endocytosed scavenger receptor" SIGNOR-152314 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 SIGNOR-C5 23431053 t gcesareni "This cascade of phosphorylation allows the binding of scfbetatrcp that promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of yap." SIGNOR-201138 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT LAX1 protein Q8IWV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr268 SSQISNDyVNMTGLD 9606 BTO:0000007 12359715 t miannu "Upon stimulation via the B or T cell receptors, LAX is rapidly phosphorylated by Src and Syk family tyrosine kinases and interacts with Grb2, Gads, and p85. " SIGNOR-273533 SLC36A1 protein Q7Z2H8 UNIPROT alanine smallmolecule CHEBI:16449 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12748860 t lperfetto "Both PAT1 and PAT2 mediate 1:1 symport of protons and small neutral amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.|The first member of the SLC36 family, present in both intracellular and plasma membranes, was identified independently as a lysosomal amino acid transporter (LYAAT1) responsible for the export of lysosomal proteolysis products into the cytosol and as a proton/amino acid transporter (PAT1) responsible for the absorption of amino acids in the gut." SIGNOR-264739 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser164 STDTVEHsLDNKDGP -1 19531356 t llicata "Nutrient-replete oocytes inhibit C2 via S135 phosphorylation catalyzed by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. We now show that C2 phosphorylated at S135 binds 14-3-3zeta, thus preventing C2 dephosphorylation. Moreover, we determined that S135 dephosphorylation is catalyzed by protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), which directly binds C2." SIGNOR-248576 WZ4002 chemical CHEBI:61400 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207827 BAG1 protein Q99933 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 7834747 t lperfetto "Cloning and functional analysis of BAG-1: A novel Bcl-2-binding protein with anti-cell death activity|" SIGNOR-254118 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 AIKIIDKtQLNPTSL 9606 15319445 t gcesareni "Here we show that the protein kinase cdc25 c-associated kinase 1 (c-tak1) is a binding partner and a substrate of pim-1." SIGNOR-128264 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 EARHRVPtTELCRPP 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 15930267 t miannu "Akt phosphorylates tal1 oncoprotein and inhibits its repressor activity. / our results show that akt specifically phosphorylates thr90 of the tal1 protein within its transactivation domain in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-252479 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr426 ASAASFEyTILDPSS 12441334 t "JAK2 in turn phosphorylates several tyrosine residues on the EpoR-cytosolic domain and probably on JAK2 itself that serve as docking sites for SH2 or protein tyrosine binding domains of downstream signal transduction proteins such as STAT5, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, and tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2" SIGNOR-251349 TRIM59 protein Q8IWR1 UNIPROT MACROH2A1 protein O75367 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 31488827 t miannu "Nuclear TRIM59 induces ubiquitination and degradation of the tumor suppressive histone variant macroH2A1, leading to enhanced STAT3 signaling activation and tumorigenicity. " SIGNOR-272931 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 14560017 f gcesareni "We find that active rb mediates histone deacetylation on cyclin a, cdc2, topoisomerase iialfa, and thymidylate synthase promoters. We also demonstrate that this deacetylation is hdac dependent, since the hdac inhibitor trichostatin a (tsa) prevented histone deacetylation at each promoter." SIGNOR-118839 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT OCLN protein Q16625 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr404 HYETDYTtGGESCDE 9606 BTO:0000195 BTO:0000671 21545357 t lperfetto "Thr403, thr404, thr424 and thr438 in the occludin c-terminal domain are the predominant sites of pkc_-dependent phosphorylation . The present study demonstrates that pkc_ phosphorylates occludin on specific threonine residues and promotes assembly of epithelial tight junctions." SIGNOR-173635 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9733516 f gcesareni "Thus, our data indicate that nf-kb controls the expression of traf1 and traf2 and c-iap1 and c-iap2" SIGNOR-59951 BTC protein P35070 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16829981 t gcesareni "For example, betacellulin binds to and activates both erbb1 and erbb4, whereas epiregulin binds to erbb1, erbb3 and erbb4" SIGNOR-147823 TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14670075 t lperfetto "Our results indicate that two distinct TAK1 complexes are present in cells. One comprises TAK1 complexed with TAB1 and TAB2, and the other TAK1 complexed with TAB1 and TAB3. Both complexes are activated in response to tumour necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1 in human epithelial KB cells or bacterial lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophages" SIGNOR-120268 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser660 FSAERRNsILTETLH 9606 1716180 t lperfetto "Cftr, the protein associated with cystic fibrosis, is phosphorylated on serine residues in response to camp agonists. Serines 660, 737, 795, and 813 were identified as in vivo targets for phosphorylation by protein kinase a.mutagenesis of all four sites abolished the response." SIGNOR-21312 "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 16418530 t lperfetto "In response to agonist stimulation, the αIIbβ3 integrin on platelets is converted to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation." SIGNOR-253360 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 NKEKKAVsPLLLTTT 9606 11152499 t tpavlidou "Taken together, these results show that pkr is autophosphorylated on serine 83 and threonines 88, 89, and 90, that this autophosphorylation may enhance kinase activation, and that the inhibition of pkr by hcv e2 is not solely due to duplication of and competition with these autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-85769 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT IARS1 protein P41252 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269406 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 PMSSHLQsPPHAPSS 9606 BTO:0000876 14701740 t lperfetto "Ccaat/enhancer-binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) is one of the key transcription factors that mediate lineage specification and differentiation of multipotent myeloid progenitors into mature granulocytes.Here we report that inducers of monocyte differentiation inhibit the alternate cell fate choice, that of granulopoiesis, through inhibition of c/ebpalpha. This inhibition is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and/or 2 (erk1/2), which interact with c/ebpalpha through an fxfp docking site and phosphorylate serine 21." SIGNOR-120566 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation -1 9199329 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylate the rat glucocorticoid receptor in vitro at distinct sites that together correspond to the major phosphorylated receptor residues observed in vivo; MAPK phosphorylates receptor residues threonine 171 and serine 246, whereas multiple CDK complexes modify serines 224 and 232.|MAPKs and CDKs exert opposite effects on receptor transcriptional enhancement. From our results, we speculate that activators of the MAPK pathway, such as growth factors, insulin, and certain oncoproteins, or inhibitors of CDK function, such as tumor growth factor beta (TGF_), p21, and p27, might attenuate receptor-induced transcrip- tional responses. In contrast, negative regulators of MAPK, such as pKA, as well as activators of CDK, such as the cyclins or CAKs, should potentiate receptor action." SIGNOR-270098 CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Besides tau phosphorylation, calpain activation might play a role in tau-mediated neurodegeneration by inducing tau cleavage. In vitro studies have shown that both fetal and adult tau isoforms are rapidly proteolyzed by calpains" SIGNOR-251611 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr992 DGPLGPLyASSNPEY -1 3166375 t lperfetto "This approach revealed that insulin stimulates autophosphorylation of the insulin-receptor beta-subunit in vitro on at least seven tyrosine residues distributed among three distinct domainsAt least two further tyrosine residues appeared to be phosphorylated after those in domains 2 and 3. These residues probably residue within a domain lying in close proximity to the inner face of the plasma membrane containing tyrosines 953, 960 and 972" SIGNOR-106522 TRIM58 protein Q8NG06 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys172 ENWPKTLkLALEKER 23499489 t lperfetto "Specifically, the ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM25 ubiquitinates K172 in the CARD2 of RIG-I, which is essential for the efficient interaction of RIG-I with MAVS and thereby for antiviral signal transduction " SIGNOR-264582 NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1219 KNLHSSHsSGLMDKS 9606 BTO:0000565 28630147 t miannu "Nek7 direct phosphorylation is required for the anaphase localization of Kif14. we generated an EGFP-Kif14-5A construct in which Ser56, Ser607, Ser1217, Ser1219, and Ser1220 were all mutated to Ala. When transfected into HeLa cells, EGFP-Kif14-5A was expressed to similar levels as WT Kif14 (Fig. S3 C), but its localization to the central spindle in anaphase cells was completely abolished (Fig. 6 C)." SIGNOR-266419 "bisphenol F" chemical CHEBI:34575 ChEBI AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity.In our study, BPs showed AhR agonist activity only at the highest concentrations, and the mixture did not differ from the single BPs." SIGNOR-268737 MTCP1 protein P56278 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t miannu "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-81671 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258515 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser407 STEQTLAsDTDSSLD -1 11062067 t "MKK7 also phosphorylates JNK2 alpha 2 at Thr-404 and Ser-407 in vitro. Stress-activated protein kinase 1 (SAPK1), also called c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), becomes activated in vivo in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines or cellular stresses. Its full activation requires the phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif, which can be catalysed by the protein kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)4 and MKK7." SIGNOR-251416 GABRA4 protein P48169 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263745 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding -1 10929711 t amattioni "Smac promotes caspase-9 activation by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, IAPs, and removing their inhibitory activity. Smac is normally a mitochondrial protein but is released into the cytosol when cells undergo apoptosis." SIGNOR-80206 ETV3 protein P41162 UNIPROT DDX20 protein Q9UHI6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 22028472 t miannu "ETV3 target genes including etv3, ddx20, and dusp6 provide negative feedback regulation of ETV3 production and activity. Negative feedback along with constitutive instability may serve to tightly regulate ETV3 abundance. Our date suggest that phosphorylation by ERK2 relieves repression by ETV3, allowing activation of cell cycle control genes including myc, components of the NF-κB pathway, and genes required form RNA processing and translation." SIGNOR-262779 RNF139 protein Q8WU17 UNIPROT INSIG2 protein Q9Y5U4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20068067 t miannu "Induction of TRC8 destabilized the precursor forms of the transcription factors SREBP-1 and SREBP-2. TRC8 destablizes SREBP precursors in a RING and proteasome-dependent manner " SIGNOR-271956 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 3142692 t irozzo "The c-Jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes encode proteins that form a complex which regulates transcription from promoters containing AP-1 activation elements. c-Jun has specific DNA binding activity, while c-Fos has homology to the putative DNA binding domain of c-Jun." SIGNOR-256365 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 BTO:0000150 18372406 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-178133 ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT PIP4K2A protein P48426 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10116 BTO:0003102 14565977 t miannu "Effects of ARF6 upon Axonogenesis Are Mediated by Phosphatidyl-inositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinase α. activated ARF6 stimulates the lipid-modifying enzyme PI(4)P 5-Kinase, leading to local increases in plasma membrane PIP2 and changes in actin dynamics. Alternatively, activation of Rac1 by upstream Rac1 activators or indirectly by ARF6-GTP results in stimulation of actin polymerization. " SIGNOR-264911 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr647 RDVHNLDyYKKTTNG 9606 BTO:0000007 11294897 t lperfetto "Ligand stimulation leads to autophosphorylation of fgfr3 the two tyrosine residues in the YYKK Motif of the activation loop of fgfrs are required for kinase activity of fgfr1 and fgfr3." SIGNOR-106730 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr235 QARKRKRtSIENRVR 9606 BTO:0004180 23041284 t flangone "Here we show that in ECCs, Akt phosphorylated the master pluripotency factor Oct4 at threonine 235, and that the levels of phosphorylated Oct4 in ECCs correlated with resistance to apoptosis and tumorigenic potential. Phosphorylation of Oct4 increased its stability and facilitated its nuclear localization and its interaction with Sox2, which promoted the transcription of the core stemness genes POU5F1 and NANOG." SIGNOR-242092 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RALBP1 protein Q15311 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr297 ACGRTTEtEKVQEFQ -1 16087181 t miannu "In deletion mutant analyses of potential phosphorylation sites in RLIP76, we identified T297 and S509 as targets for phosphorylation by PKCalpha. Phosphorylation at T297 increased doxorubicin (DOX)-transport activity approximately 2-fold for RLIP76 purified from recombinant source" SIGNOR-263164 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT HNRNPD protein Q14103 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 DEGHSNSsPRHSEAA 9606 BTO:0001271 11903055 t lperfetto "In kinase assays pka phosphorylated ser-87 of hnrnp d, whereas glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (gsk-3 beta) phosphorylated ser-83, but only if ser-87 had been pre-phosphorylated by pka. Phosphorylation of ser-87 enhanced, whereas phosphorylation of ser-83 repressed, transactivation." SIGNOR-102582 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t miannu "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-132936 NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT LHCGR protein P22888 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 10644740 t Luana "Functional analysis showed that EAR2 and EAR3/COUP-TFI repressed the hLHR promoter activity, whereas TR4 activated hLHR gene transcription." SIGNOR-266218 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SCAF11 protein Q99590 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271007 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR UNG protein P13051 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20870715 t miannu "Using reconstituted CRL4(DCAF1) and CRL4(DCAF1-Vpr) E3 ubiquitin ligases in vitro reveals that UNG2 ubiquitination (ubiquitylation) is facilitated by Vpr. Co-expression of DCAF1 and Vpr causes down-regulation of UNG2 in a proteasome-dependent manner, with Vpr mutants that are defective in UNG2 or DCAF1 binding abrogating this effect." SIGNOR-271905 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 11163210 t lperfetto "Smurf2 is nuclear, but binding to smad7 induces export and recruitment to the activated tgf beta receptor, where it causes degradation of receptors and smad7 via proteasomal and lysosomal pathways." SIGNOR-104996 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21681822 t irozzo "Carboxyl-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) is a transcriptional co-repressor with oncogenic potential. We found CtBP1 was recruited to the promoter regions of Brca1 and E-cadherin genes in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-259196 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262262 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002590 17487558 f miannu "Immunoblot analysis showed that HEY/si-TWIST cells exhibited decreased expression levels of CD29, CD44 and CD54 compared to those of HEY/si-scrambled cells" SIGNOR-255515 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR TUBA1A protein Q71U36 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 t miannu "Elongator Subunits Interact with the Microtubules and Are Required for Proper Acetylation of α-Tubulin." SIGNOR-269717 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2U protein Q5VVX9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271337 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2M protein P61081 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271332 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val76 LTGKLTTvFLPIVYT -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263592 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15917223 t miannu "We have found that per1 interacts with both _-trcp1 and _-trcp2 in a manner that depends on casein kinase 1 activity, and depletion of both _-trcp1 and _-trcp2 by rnai leads to dramatic stabilization of per1" SIGNOR-137755 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr465 GEEELSNyICMGGKG 10116 7651388 t lperfetto "All known IRS proteins contain multiple YXXM motifs that upon phosphorylation by activated insulin receptors A previous study using phosphopeptides suggested that tyrosine-phosphorylated YXXM motifs at positions 608 and 939 in rat IRS-1 bind with high affinity to SH2 domains of p85, and motifs at positions 460 and 987 bind with lower affinity (10)." SIGNOR-236713 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 10464286 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-70436 EN1 protein Q05925 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265802 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258716 NUP98-HOXA9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP15 SIGNOR PBX3 protein P40426 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17442773 f miannu "Over 102 cytoplasmic mRNAs were significantly altered in K562 myeloid leukemic cells transduced with NUP98‐HOXA9, 92 being increased and only 10 decreased. PBX3, a member of the PBX family of TALE homeobox genes, is upregulated in both NUP98‐HOXA9–transduced adult and cord blood CD34+ cells (Table 3)." SIGNOR-261504 SNTG2 protein Q9NY99 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255995 bortezomib chemical CHEBI:52717 ChEBI PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000898 21504411 t miannu "Proteasome inhibition is a modern and surprisingly successful approach how to cancer treatment. Bortezomib (Velcade®) is a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor and has been approved for first-line treatment of multiple myeloma and second-line treatment of mantle cell lymphoma." SIGNOR-259313 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 22685333 f Luana "ATF2 contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death." SIGNOR-261324 IL5 protein P05113 UNIPROT IL5RA protein Q01344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding -1 8567620 t fspada "Single chain and wt il5 also had similar binding affinity for soluble il5 receptor alpha chain, the specificity subunit of the il5 receptor, as measured kinetically with an optical biosensor." SIGNOR-40039 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1112 LLEDGSEsPAKRICP 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t gcesareni "When expressed in u2os cells, the phosphorylation-deficient mutant p130(delta)(cdk4), in which the cdk4 specific sites were mutated to alanine residues, imposed a more sustained g1 arrest than a constitutively active prb(delta)(cdk), known to repress all cellular e2f activity" SIGNOR-104656 "5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:58017 ChEBI 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58681 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 9914248 t miannu "Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase (GPATase) catalyzes the first step of de novo purine biosynthesis, the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-(~)l-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to 5-phosphoribosyl-([3)l-amine (PRA). The nitrogen source for the reaction is the amide group of glutamine." SIGNOR-267292 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr500 WDGVTTKtFCGTPDY 9606 17115692 t lperfetto "The catalytic or kinase domain requires phosphorylation at three sites for full activation (24, 25): ? Phosphorylation of threonine 500 (thr-500) in the activation loop by the upstream kinase pdk-1 is a prerequisite for the maturation of the enzyme (26), which subsequently leads to autophosphorylation at threonine 641 (thr-641) in the turn motif and serine 660 (ser-660) in the hydrophobic motif" SIGNOR-150857 ELMO2 protein Q96JJ3 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0001909 25533347 t miannu "We found in this study that AUTS2 is involved in Rac1 activation via P-Rex1 and the Elmo2/Dock180 complex, but not STEF or Tiam1, for the lamellipodia formation in N1E-115 cells. However, the enhancement of neurite elongation in primary neurons by AUTS2 expression is specifically mediated by the Elmo2/Dock180 complex. These results suggested that several Rac-GEFs differentially or cooperatively participate in Rac1 activation to promote neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-266821 "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "Class II MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C429 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33374673 t scontino "The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, or human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans, bind these peptides to present them to T cells that recognise them with their surface T cell receptors (TCR)." SIGNOR-267871 "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23144738 t lperfetto "Rabip4' colocalized with AP-3 on a tubular subdomain of early endosomes and the extent of colocalization was increased by a dominant negative rab4 mutant. Knock-down of AP-3 had an ever more dramatic effect and caused accumulation of lysosomes in protrusions at the plasma membrane. The most peripheral lysosomes were localized beyond microtubules, within the cortical actin network. Our results uncover a novel function for AP-3 and rabip4' in regulating lysosome positioning through an interorganellar pathway." SIGNOR-260712 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser560 LARLGCSsCLDYFTT 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180775 Sincalide smallmolecule CID:9833444 PUBCHEM CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257467 SLC9A8 protein Q9Y2E8 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265598 NEK3 protein P51956 UNIPROT NEK3 protein P51956 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr165 FACTYVGtPYYVPPE -1 27489110 t Manara "Autophosphorylation at Thr-165 is required for NEK3 kinase activity in vitro." SIGNOR-260919 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser142 IQKNLHPsYSCKYEG 9606 12809513 t llicata "We concluded that serine 142 of the tr dbd is the likely site of phosphorylation by t(4)-activated mapk and that the docking site on tr for activated mapk includes residues 128-133 (kgffrr), a basic amino acid-enriched motif novel for mapk substrates. Tr mutations in the proposed mapk docking domain and at residue 142 modulated t(4)-conditioned shedding of co-repressor and recruitment of co-activator proteins by the receptor, and they altered transcriptional activity of tr in a thyroid hormone response element-luciferase reporter assay." SIGNOR-102224 EXOSC2 protein Q13868 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261387 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7777512 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Thus, our results identify the human lifr as a substrate for mapk and suggest a mechanism of heterologous receptor regulation of lifr signaling occurring at ser-1044." SIGNOR-270001 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser358 WPLSRTRsEPLPPSA 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21892142 t gcesareni "Another recently described set of transcriptional regulators targeted by ampk and its related family members across a range of eukaryotes are the class iia family of histone deacetylases (hdacs)." SIGNOR-176491 MTNR1A protein P48039 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256706 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser389 LSPIAPRsPAKLSFQ 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-34661 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ELK3 protein P41970 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser357 IHFWSSLsPVAPLSP 9606 9130707 t gcesareni "Tcf sap-1a is efficiently phosphorylated by p38 map kinase in vitro and in vivo on the homologous residues ser381 and ser387. Mutation of these sites to alanine severely reduces c-fos sre-dependent transcription mediated by sap-1a and p38 map kinase." SIGNOR-47681 FBXO7 protein Q9Y3I1 UNIPROT CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0005490 30026574 t miannu "We have shown that CRBN is also targeted for degradation by SCFFbxo7 ubiquitin ligase. " SIGNOR-272311 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser53 AAEMGKGsFKYAWVL 10090 20923971 t miannu "PKCβI phosphorylates eEF1A at Ser53.our proteomics exploration of cPKC signaling in the nuclei of C2C12 cells demonstrated that the up-regulation of eEF1A intranuclear content, evoked by insulin, is associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of the Ser53 residue of the protein." SIGNOR-263167 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MPLKIP protein Q8TAP9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 SQQQFGYsPGQQQTH 9606 17310276 t lperfetto "Ttdn1 is phosphorylated by cdk1 in vitro and in vivo. Ttdn1 is phosphorylated at multiple residues, including ser93 and ser104. Mutation of thr120 of ttdn1 abolishes its interaction with plk1, suggesting phosphorylation of thr120 in the consensus plk1-binding motif is required for its interaction with plk1" SIGNOR-153300 "MLL3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C446 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 34156443 t miannu "MLL3/KMT2C and MLL4/KMT2D are two paralogous histone modifiers that belong to the SET1/MLL (also named COMPASS) family of lysine methyltransferases and play critical roles in enhancer-regulated gene activation. MLL3 and MLL4 form identical multi-protein complexes for modifying mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) at enhancers, which together with the p300/CBP-mediated H3K27 acetylation can generate an active enhancer landscape for long-range target gene activation." SIGNOR-268811 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr2511 VPEHPFLtPSPESPD -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273178 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 18418385 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "However, within T/G-Mediator, cdk8 phosphorylates serine-10 on histone H3, which in turn stimulates H3K14 acetylation by GCN5L within the complex. Tandem phosphoacetylation of H3 correlates with transcriptional activation, and ChIP assays demonstrate co-occupancy of T/G-Mediator components at several activated genes in vivo." SIGNOR-273172 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001516 10938104 t "We provide evidence that GATA-2 can physically associate with PML-RARα. Functional experiments further demonstrated that this interaction has the capacity to render GATA-dependent transcription inducible by retinoic acid, raising the possibility that GATA target genes may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of APL." SIGNOR-259941 "sphingosine 1-phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60119 ChEBI S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257579 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14967450 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." lperfetto "The molecular requirements for diacylglycerol (dag) and calcium (ca2+) to promote pkc membrane translocation, the hallmark of pkc activation, have been clarified." SIGNOR-242590 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser692 GQLMSQPsTASNSLP 9606 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251280 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000018 25249620 t miannu "Here, we report that hSSB1 is the bona fide substrate for an Fbxl5-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase. Fbxl5 interacts with and targets hSSB1 for ubiquitination and degradation, which could be prevented by ATM-mediated hSSB1 T117 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-271654 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1944 GSTYSPTsPGYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120164 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 28138032 f miannu "Mechanistically, Ras-MEK signaling drives Chk1 expression and promotes cancer cell growth that produces genotoxic stress that requires Chk1 to mediate a response to the consequent DNA damage. Reciprocally, Chk1 engages a negative feedback loop to prevent hyperactivation of Ras-MEK signaling, thereby limiting DNA damage. Ras–MEK signaling transcriptionally activates Chk1, which appears to sustain cancer cell growth by maintaining DNA damage levels below a threshold that would otherwise drive apoptosis." SIGNOR-263059 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser703 MSRARIGsDPLAYEP 9606 10400637 t gcesareni "The results indicate that p90rsk phosphorylates serine 703 of nhe-1, and this phosphorylation is required for growth factor stimulation of na+/h+ exchange." SIGNOR-252792 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C18 8891723 t miannu "The first group, including p16ink4a, p15ink4b,p18ink4cand p19ink4d, is specific for the g1 cdks, cdk4 and cdk6, inhibiting the kinase activity of cyclin d/cdk4-cdk6 complexes on prb." SIGNOR-44554 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT CCNA1 protein P78396 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002136 11090075 t miannu "RARα is involved in the regulation of cyclin A1. Further studies using ligands selective for various retinoic acid receptors suggested that cyclin A1 expression is negatively regulated by activated RARα." SIGNOR-249636 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT RND1 protein Q92730 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23151663 f gcesareni "In pcp , dvl binds to proteins such as pkc, atypical pkc (apkc), dvl?associated Activator of morphogenesis 1 (daam1), dvl-associating protein with a high frequency of leu residues (daple) and partitioning defective 6 (par6), which are important for the regulation of small gtpases such as rho and rac and, consequently, the cytoskeleton and cell polarity58." SIGNOR-199387 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser257 ISGQLVDsIAKTRDA 9606 BTO:0001538 9003778 t lperfetto "These data suggest that mlk-3 phosphorylates sek1 directly and that it does so specifically on those residues known to activate sek1 in vivo." SIGNOR-48574 EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256781 ELOVL4 protein Q9GZR5 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267892 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP 9606 16596250 t "Protein phosphatase 2A interacts with Chk2 and regulates phosphorylation at Thr-68 after cisplatin treatment of human ovarian cancer cells|In response to DNA damage, Chk2 is initially phosphorylated at Thr-68, which leads to its full activation." SIGNOR-248582 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr99 SVPTHSPyAQPSSTF 9606 10391251 t gcesareni "C-abl phosphorylates p73 on a tyrosine residue at position 99 both in vitro and in cells that have been exposed to ionizing radiation. Our results show that c-abl stimulates p73-mediated transactivation and apoptosis." SIGNOR-68931 EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11381086 f miannu "Translation initiation is inhibited in cells exposed to different stressful conditions. The phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) plays an important role in this stereotyped response, and is mediated by distinct kinases that are activated by specific stress signals. When phosphorylated on serine 51, eIF2α binds to and inhibits the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, eIF2B. The latter is required for the formation of the eukaryotic translational preinitiation complexes, and its sequestration in an inactive complex with phosphorylated eIF2α inhibits the initiation step of protein synthesis. " SIGNOR-260625 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 19723038 t lperfetto "The activation of stat-3 is regulated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 by receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases. These include epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) kinase, src, janus-activated kinases (jak), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)." SIGNOR-187775 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr250 NSCTPITtPELTTPC 9606 BTO:0000093 17130135 t "We generated a phosphospecific antibody to Thr(P)-214 in the T-loop of MNKs and found that phosphorylations of both Thr-209 and Thr-214 in human MNK1 are required for activation" SIGNOR-253014 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr232 SQKKEGVyDVPKSQP 10090 BTO:0000938 11279201 t lperfetto "Dab1 is rapidly phosphorylated when neurons isolated from embryonic brains are stimulated with Reelin, and several tyrosines have been implicated in this response. Mice with phenylalanine substitutions of all five tyrosines (Tyr(185), Tyr(198), Tyr(200), Tyr(220), and Tyr(232)) exhibit a reeler phenotype, implying that tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for Dab1 function. Here we report that, although Src can phosphorylate all five tyrosines in vitro, Tyr(198) and Tyr(220) represent the major sites of Reelin-induced Dab1 phosphorylation in embryonic neurons." SIGNOR-247084 LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256928 MCF2 protein P10911 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260557 COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT DDR1 protein Q08345 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9659900 t gcesareni "We report that the collagens serve as ligands for the previously orphan family of discoidin domain-containing receptor-like tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-58779 EFNB3 protein Q15768 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52621 STK40 protein Q8N2I9 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0000078 32795415 t Gianni "The COP1-interacting protein STK40 (Durzynska et al., 2017), which was detected in c/EBPβ complexes from BMDMs (Figure 1B), also appeared to contribute to the suppression of c/EBPβ in microglia. Specifically, deletion of the STK40 pseudokinase increased the amount of c/EBPβ protein without increasing the amount of Cebpb mRNA" SIGNOR-261925 SH2B3 protein Q9UQQ2 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22101255 f miannu "Our results indicated that lnk/sh2b3 constrains expression of bcl-xl and participates in the regulation of hsc homeostasis by maintaining proper responses against various proapoptotic stimuli." SIGNOR-177485 testolactone chemical CHEBI:9460 ChEBI CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7083195 t miannu "Recently, it was discovered that 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione, and 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione, compounds previously reported to be competitive inhibitors of aromatase, cause a time-dependent loss of aromatase activity in human placental microsomes.We report here that 1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione (Ki 0.32 microM; kinact 0.91 X 10(-3)/sec) and testolactone (Ki 35 microM; kinact 0.36 X 10(-3)/sec) also cause a similar loss of aromatase activity." SIGNOR-258406 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser312 SYLSQMTsPSIHSTT 9606 19801668 t llicata "In this study, we identified two phosphorylation sites in runx2 at ser301 and ser319 that are required for mapk-dependent activation of runx2 transcriptional activity and osteoblast differentiation." SIGNOR-188347 CKMT1A protein P12532 UNIPROT N-phosphocreatine smallmolecule CHEBI:17287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265790 GPR35 protein Q9HC97 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257204 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT CITED1 protein Q99966 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 9660950 t gcesareni "The transcriptional coactivator cpb/p300 associates with nf-kappa b p65 through two sites, an n-terminal domain that interacts with the c-terminal region of unphosphorylated p65, and a second domain that only interacts with p65 phosphorylated on serine 276." SIGNOR-59054 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253422 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 10116 7535768 t "We demonstrate that ERK, JNK, and p38 are activated by distinct combinations of stimuli in T cells that simulate full or partial activation through the T cell receptor. These kinases are regulated by reversible phosphorylation on Tyr and Thr, and the dual specific phosphatases PAC1 and MKP-1 previously have been implicated in the in vivo inactivation of ERK or of ERK and JNK, respectively" SIGNOR-248464 3-N-Me-Phe-morphiceptin chemical CID:115335 PUBCHEM OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258417 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp326 YDPEMEEdSYDSFGE -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261747 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr26 PPPQPQHtPSPAAPP 9606 22878263 t llicata "In the present study, we identify the serine/threonine kinase dyrk2 as siah2 interaction partner that phosphorylates siah2 at five residues (ser16, thr26, ser28, ser68, and thr119). accordingly, phosphorylated siah2 is more active than the wild-type e3 ligase and shows an increased ability to trigger the hif-1?-Mediated transcriptional response and angiogenesis." SIGNOR-198737 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe41 DRVYIHPfHLVIHNE -1 11747312 t miannu "Cathepsin G, elastase, and proteinase 3 are serine proteinases released by activated neutrophils. Cathepsin G can cleave angiotensinogen to release angiotensin II, but this activity has not been previously reported for elastase or proteinase 3. In this study we show that elastase and proteinase 3 can release angiotensin I from angiotensinogen and release angiotensin II from angiotensin I and angiotensinogen." SIGNOR-256312 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 18418385 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "However, within T/G-Mediator, cdk8 phosphorylates serine-10 on histone H3, which in turn stimulates H3K14 acetylation by GCN5L within the complex. Tandem phosphoacetylation of H3 correlates with transcriptional activation, and ChIP assays demonstrate co-occupancy of T/G-Mediator components at several activated genes in vivo." SIGNOR-273174 PCSK6 protein P29122 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000666 25527501 t Giorgia "Here we demonstrate that the two IR isoforms are similarly cleaved by furin, but when this furin-dependent maturation is inefficient, IR proforms move to the cell surface where the proprotein convertase PACE4 selectively supports IRB maturation." SIGNOR-260366 RSPO2 protein Q6UXX9 UNIPROT FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 22575959 t miannu "Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6." SIGNOR-260117 NOX4 protein Q9NPH5 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264717 POLR2E protein P19388 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266147 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 19860666 f gcesareni "Gli activators bind to gaccaccca motif to regulate transcription of gli1, ptch1, ptch2, hhip1, mycn, ccnd1, ccnd2, bcl2, cflar, foxf1, foxl1, prdm1 (blimp1), jag2, grem1, and follistatin. .Hedgehog Signals induce cellular proliferation through upregulation of n-myc, cyclin d/e, and foxm1." SIGNOR-188881 LSM6 protein P62312 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270634 "5'-xanthylic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15652 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 6698284 t miannu "The de novo synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) involves the oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) followed by amination to GMP. This latter reaction is catalyzed by GMP synthetase. (XMP: I.-glutamine amidoligase (AMP) EC 6.3.5.2)." SIGNOR-268095 "Papain-like proteinase" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037311 UNIPROT STING1 protein Q86WV6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 22312431 t miannu "Here we show that human coronavirus (HCoV) NL63 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV papain-like proteases (PLP) antagonize innate immune signaling mediated by STING (stimulator of interferon genes, also known as MITA/ERIS/MYPS). STING resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and upon activation, forms dimers which assemble with MAVS, TBK-1 and IKKε, leading to IRF-3 activation and subsequent induction of interferon (IFN). We found that expression of the membrane anchored PLP domain from human HCoV-NL63 (PLP2-TM) or SARS-CoV (PLpro-TM) inhibits STING-mediated activation of IRF-3 nuclear translocation and induction of IRF-3 dependent promoters. Both catalytically active and inactive forms of CoV PLPs co-immunoprecipitated with STING" SIGNOR-260247 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000675 23616010 lperfetto "The results revealed that PAR2-AP and FVIIa could upregulate c-Jun expression and c-Jun phosphorylation in SW620 cells in a time-dependent manner. The effect of FVIIa was significantly blocked by anti-TF and anti-PAR2 antibodies. Protein kinase C_ (PKC_) inhibitor safingol and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor U0126 abrogated the activation of c-Jun" SIGNOR-236767 KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT RNF2 protein Q99496 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17296600 t miannu "BcoR and Fbxl10/Jhdm1B are among the most abundant Ring1B/Rnf2 interactors identified with the highest confidence, and their association has been validated by coimmunoprecipitation studies; hence we call this the Fbxl10-BcoR complex. The assembly of Fbxl10-BcoR complex(es), the associations among its various subunits, and its functional significance remain to be characterized but are presently under investigation." SIGNOR-252242 ACP3 protein P15309 UNIPROT adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18940592 t Luana "Specifically, PAP dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and activates A1-adenosine receptors in dorsal spinal cord." SIGNOR-269739 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001616 16670084 t gcesareni "Ets-1 and Runx2 are critical transcriptional regulators of OPN expression in CT26 colorectal cancer cells. Suppression of these transcription factors results in significant down-regulation of the OPN metastasis protein." SIGNOR-245336 APBA1 protein Q02410 UNIPROT Exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH157 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 11036064 f miannu "As neurexins have been proposed to function in neuronal cell adhesion, it is possible that they define specific sites at the plasma membrane and that Mint complexes and Mint1-CASK complexes on neurexin are involved in the localized recruitment of Munc18 to the sites of exocytosis. In support of this hypothesis, both CASK and Mint1 have been reported to be localized at synapses" SIGNOR-264043 MED23 protein Q9ULK4 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266665 TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257389 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation Lys64 RAGCCLGkAVRGAKG 9606 17098745 t gcesareni "Sirt1 reversed acetyl-transferase (p300)-mediated acetylation of two lysine residues (lys-64 and -70) on smad7. sirt1-mediated deacetylation of smad7 enhanced smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (smurf1)-mediated ubiquitin proteasome degradation, which contributed to the low expression of smad7 in sirt1-overexpressing mesangial cells." SIGNOR-150595 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr81 APAPAAPtPAAPAPA 9606 12531896 t gcesareni "Wr1065 activates the jnk (c-jun n-terminal kinase), decreases complex formation between p53 and inactive jnk, and phosphorylates p53 at thr-81, a known site of phosphorylation by jnk." SIGNOR-97405 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser90 IPPARMMsTESANSF 9606 BTO:0002552 32187724 t lperfetto "We report that CHK2 binds to and phosphorylates Beclin 1 at Ser90/Ser93, thereby impairing Beclin 1-Bcl-2 autophagy-regulatory complex formation in a ROS-dependent fashion.|CHK2 binds to and phosphorylates Beclin 1 at Ser90/Ser93, promoting autophagy via Beclin 1 release from Bcl‐2 sequestration" SIGNOR-264557 LIF protein P15018 UNIPROT LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16051226 t gcesareni "Lif binds at low-affinity to lifr, the structure of which is closely related to that of gp130 (42). Lifr then becomes heterodimerized with gp130 to form the high-affinity and signaling-competent complex (43). Osm utilizes this type of heterodimer, i.e. the lifr/gp130 complex (43, 44)." SIGNOR-139102 PAM protein P19021 UNIPROT Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 23084901 t lperfetto "Nevertheless, overall the results of this study show that peptide sequence recognition is an important aspect of the interactions of the prohormone substrates prooxytocin (3d) and procalcitonin (7e) with PAM, which is mirrored in the potency of analogous peptidomimetic glycolate inhibitors of the enzyme." SIGNOR-268551 DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205600 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NR2F6 protein P10588 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 CKSFFKRsIRRNLSY 9606 BTO:0000782 18701084 t esanto "Ser-83 on recombinant nr2f6is a pkc substrate site;mutation of ser-83 (but not ser-89) to alanine strongly reduced pkc-mediated nr2f6 phosphorylation, confirming ser-83 as the major pkc phosphorylation site in nr2f6;the dna-binding capacity of nr2f6 is antagonized by a (p)ser-83 switch on nr2f6." SIGNOR-180017 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SIRT3 protein Q9NTG7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr226 KGLLLRLyTQNIDGL -1 34289383 t lperfetto "We also hypothesize that, besides activating ACAT1 through Y407 phosphorylation (Fan et al., 2016), FLT3 might simultaneously phosphorylate and regulate SIRT3. Our mutational studies on all of the seven tyrosine sites of SIRT3 revealed that purified rFLT3 directly phosphorylated purified rSIRT3 in an in vitro kinase assay, leading to decreased SIRT3 deacetylase activity that was assessed by ability to deacetylate K413 of mIDH2 (Figure 4H, first three samples in left, middle, and right panels), whereas replacement of Y226 completely abolished inhibition of SIRT3 by FLT3 (Figure 4H, right)." SIGNOR-267631 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FOXK2 protein Q01167 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 FAQSAPGsPLSSQPV 9606 20810654 t gcesareni "We have mapped two cdk phosphorylation sites, serines 368 and 423, which play a role in defining foxk2 function through regulating its stability and its activity as a transcriptional repressor protein. These two cdk sites appear vital for foxk2 function because expression of a mutant lacking these sites cannot be tolerated and causes apoptosis." SIGNOR-167834 DMXL2 protein Q8TDJ6 UNIPROT RAB3GAP1 protein Q15042 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 11809763 t miannu "We isolated here a novel protein that was co-immunoprecipitated with Rab3 GEP and GAP by their respective antibodies from the crude synaptic vesicle fraction of rat brain. The protein, named rabconnectin-3, bound both Rab3 GEP and GAP. These results indicate that rabconnectin-3 serves as a scaffold molecule for both Rab3 GEP and GAP on synaptic vesicles." SIGNOR-265582 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser294 PHGSPRVsVTDDSWL 9606 12351631 t lperfetto "Here we show that overexpression of pka causes phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation of nf-atc1 in direct opposition to calcineurin by phosphorylating ser-245, ser-269, and ser-294 in the conserved serine-proline repeat domainwe further show that a complete block of nf-atc1 nuclear localization by pka requires a second kinase activity that can be supplied by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3)" SIGNOR-93539 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser446 STMQVSHsQVQEPGG -1 8407951 t lperfetto " The carboxyl-terminal transcription activation domain was mapped within a 71-amino acid region that contains both DNA-PK phosphorylation sites. Amino acid substitutions that interfered with phosphorylation by DNA-PK at Ser-435/446 in GAL4-SRF fusion proteins were reduced in transactivation potency. From these data we suggest that DNA-PK phosphorylation may modulate SRF activity in vivo." SIGNOR-248922 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 18418385 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "However, within T/G-Mediator, cdk8 phosphorylates serine-10 on histone H3, which in turn stimulates H3K14 acetylation by GCN5L within the complex. Tandem phosphoacetylation of H3 correlates with transcriptional activation, and ChIP assays demonstrate co-occupancy of T/G-Mediator components at several activated genes in vivo." SIGNOR-273175 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CCDC50 protein Q8IVM0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr217 MAEEKKAyKKAKERE 9606 BTO:0000567 19059208 t miannu "We also detected tyrosine phosphorylation of Ymer by EGF stimulation as previously reported (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, we verified that EGF receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Ymer is inhibited by AG1478, which is known as an EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Fig. 1B). A luciferase reporter assay showed that mutation of tyrosines on Ymer (YmerY217/279/304F) results in loss of the inhibitory activity for NF-kappaB signaling." SIGNOR-262850 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT SETDB1/NLK/CHD7 complex SIGNOR-C189 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 21952300 t FFerrentino "The non-canonical WNT ligand WNT5A activates the histone methyltransferase SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1)42. SETDB1 forms a complex with chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 7 (CHD7) and NEMO-like kinase (NLK) to inhibit the ability of PPARγ to transcriptionally activate its downstream metabolic target genes in the MSC cell line ST2 and in 3T3‑L1 cells42,43." SIGNOR-253525 3-[1-[[4-(7-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-6-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-one chemical CHEBI:91346 ChEBI AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 25309440 t lperfetto "Different agents were used to inhibit either the PI3K/Akt or MEK/ERK pathways. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and the Akt inhibitor, Akt inhibitor VIII, were used to inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway." SIGNOR-262011 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CCDC50 protein Q8IVM0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr217 MAEEKKAyKKAKERE 9606 19059208 t miannu "We found that Ymer was considerably phosphorylated on tyrosine residues also via Src family kinases such as Lck. A luciferase reporter assay showed that mutation of tyrosines on Ymer (YmerY217/279/304F) results in loss of the inhibitory activity for NF-kappaB signaling." SIGNOR-262853 ALG2 protein Q9H553 UNIPROT alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol) smallmolecule CHEBI:133994 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28575298 t lperfetto "The biosynthesis of eukaryotic lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) that act as donor substrates in eukaryotic protein N-glycosylation starts on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum and includes the sequential addition of five mannose units to dolichol-pyrophosphate-GlcNAc2. These reactions are catalyzed by the Alg1, Alg2 and Alg11 gene products and yield Dol-PP-GlcNAc2Man5, an LLO intermediate that is subsequently flipped to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum." SIGNOR-260419 NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT BHLHE41 protein Q9C0J9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12897056 t gcesareni "The spen protein, sharp (smrt/hdac1-associated repressor protein), was identified as a component of transcriptional repression complexes in both nuclear receptor and notch/rbp-jkappa signaling pathways." SIGNOR-104489 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8939914 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Several lines of investigation have suggested that rsk is phosphorylated and activated by erk1/2 mapk isoforms" SIGNOR-270018 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PKMYT1 protein Q99640 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr495 LLSLFEDtLDPT 9606 12738781 t lperfetto "These results suggest that Ser-426 is a major phosphorylation site by Plk1, and Thr-495 is a second major site. " SIGNOR-249208 DDX1 protein Q92499 UNIPROT DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 21703541 t miannu "We demonstrated here that DDX1-DDX21-DHX36 represents a dsRNA sensor that uses the adaptor molecule TRIF to activate the NF-κB pathway and type I IFN responses in dendritic cells. Our study suggests that the DDX1-DDX21-DHX36 complex represents this missing poly I:C sensor, which uses DDX1 to bind poly I:C and uses DDX21 and DXH36 to bind TRIF. Poly I:C is a synthetic form of RNA that mimics double-stranded viral RNA." SIGNOR-260191 DBP protein Q10586 UNIPROT ALDOB protein P05062 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 8383844 f miannu "Contransfection experiments of aldolase B/CAT constructs and of expression vectors for different transcription factors were carried out in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells. We found that DBP and HNF-1 are strong transactivators of the aldolase B promoter while C/EBP and vHNF-1 are only weak activators" SIGNOR-253833 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PIK3C2A protein O00443 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser259 KVSNLQVsPKSEDIS 9606 12719431 t lperfetto "Mitotic and stress-induced phosphorylation of HsPI3K-C2alpha targets the protein for degradation. Stress-dependent and mitotic phosphorylation of hspik3-c2alpha occurs on the same serine residue (ser259) within a recognition motif for proline-directed kinases. Mitotic phosphorylation of hspik3-c2alpha can be attributed to cdc2 activity, and stress-induced phosphorylation of hspik3-c2alpha is mediated by jnk/sapk" SIGNOR-100903 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PDE3B protein Q13370 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 VIRPRRRsSCVSLGE 9606 10454575 t esanto "Pde3b is a physiological substrate of akt and that akt-mediated phosphorylation of pde3b on serine-273 is important for insulin-induced activation of pde3b." SIGNOR-70205 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15489227 t miannu "Constitutive and interleukin-1-inducible Phosphorylation of p65 NF-{kappa}B at Serine 536 Is Mediated by Multiple Protein Kinases Including I{kappa}B Kinase (IKK)-{alpha}, IKK{beta}, IKK{epsilon}, TRAF Family Member-Associated (TANK)-binding Kinase 1 (TBK1). Overexpressed ikkepsilon and tbk1 phosphorylate ser-536 in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-260157 KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264306 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT ATRIP protein Q8WXE1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 EELDTLAsQALSQCP 9606 15451423 t lperfetto "When dna is damaged, the atr-atrip complex is recruited to chromatin and is activated to transduce the checkpoint signal, but the precise kinase activation mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that atrip is phosphorylated in an atr-dependent manner after genotoxic stimuli. The serine 68 and 72 residues are important for the phosphorylation in vivo and are required exclusively for direct modification by atr in vitro." SIGNOR-129469 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23024368 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of this site downregulates nanog, sox2, rex1 and upregulates bmp4, gata6, ddlx5." SIGNOR-270185 RRAGC protein Q9HB90 UNIPROT RAGAC complex SIGNOR-C113 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "Mammals express four Rag proteins€”RagA, RagB, RagC, and RagD€”that form heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB with RagC or RagD. RagA and RagB, like RagC and RagD, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-228161 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001660 9435577 t lperfetto "These studies revealed that PI 3-kinase is associated in vivo with both TGF-_ receptor subtypes and that TGF-_1 stimulation enhances PI 3-kinase activity associated with type I TGF-_ receptor in hASM cells." SIGNOR-227521 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7592630 f gcesareni "Expression of one of these components, cyclin a, is inhibited by tgf-beta treatment. We have identified a 760-base pair fragment of the human cyclin a gene promoter that is sufficient to confer tgf-beta responsiveness." SIGNOR-29516 PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 23836662 f miannu "PER2 Suppresses TWIST1 and SLUG Transcription by Recruiting EZH2, SUZ12, and HDAC2." SIGNOR-254147 FOXS1 protein O43638 UNIPROT FASLG protein P48023 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9913 BTO:0004577 18288644 t Luana "As we expected, Fkhl18 suppressed, dose-dependently,human and mouseFasLpromoter in bovine vascularsmooth muscle cells" SIGNOR-261612 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1234 RDMYDKEyYSVHNKT 9606 8302603 t lperfetto "Previous work has shown that autophosphorylation of p190met enhances its enzymatic activity and that the major phosphorylation site is tyr1235, located in the catalytic domainonly the replacement of both tyr1234 and tyr1235 yielded a mutant which completely lost the ability to be activated by autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-37723 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser370 KKTIVNDsRESCVEE 9606 BTO:0001938 23277204 t lperfetto "Three phosphorylation sites identified are Ser342, Ser367, and Ser403. In the present study, we identify protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) as a negative regulator in the p53 signaling pathway. PP1 directly interacts with Mdmx and specifically dephosphorylates Mdmx at Ser367. The dephosphorylation of Mdmx increases its stability and thereby inhibits p53 activity." SIGNOR-264666 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser640 RKTERKPsEEEYVIR 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "ARHGEF6 is a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 and constitutively bound to GIT1. NO and PGI2 activate PKG and PKA, respectively and both kinases phosphorylate ARHGEF6 on Ser-684 and possibly on Ser-640. Phosphorylation of ARHGEF6 results in the assembly of a GIT1-ARHGEF6–14-3-3 complex. These changes might contribute to PGI2- and NO-mediated Rac1 inhibition." SIGNOR-272164 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser664 KKTSGPLsPPTGPPG 9606 15851026 t lperfetto "Here, we show that erk may play a critical role in tsc progression through posttranslational inactivation of tsc2. s664 is the primary erk phosphorylation site on tsc2 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-244765 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 19352540 t lperfetto "Smad7 also recruits the HECT type of E3 ubiquitin ligases, Smurf1 and Smurf2. It binds to Smurfs in the nucleus and translocates into the cytoplasm in response to TGF-_ and recruits the ubiquitin ligases to the activated type I receptor ALK5/T_RI, leading to the degradation of the receptor through the proteasomal pathway." SIGNOR-168450 SUCLG1 protein P53597 UNIPROT "Succinyl-CoA ATP variant" complex SIGNOR-C398 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32627745 t miannu "Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only substrate-level phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.  In mammals, SCS is a mitochondrial enzyme and is an α,β-heterodimer with different isoforms: ATP-specific SCS (ATPSCS) and GTP-specific SCS (GTPSCS)." SIGNOR-266261 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "P53 directly induces the expression of Siah-1 and in turn formation of a unique SCF-like complex (SCF(TBL1)) comprised of Siah-1, Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1, transducin β-like 1 (TBL1), and APC" SIGNOR-271953 PPP2R5B protein Q15173 UNIPROT KIF20A protein O95235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser878 RILRSRRsPLLKSGP 9606 BTO:0000567 27939310 t miannu "We identify MKlp2 as an essential protein for promoting abscission, which may regulate tethering and stabilizing of the PM to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Aurora B phosphorylation of MKlp2 S878 in the LAM is a key inhibitory signal for abscission. Conversely, B56-PP2A promotes abscission by opposing Aurora B phosphorylation of MKlp2 S878." SIGNOR-262660 RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT RAB3C protein Q96E17 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264380 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18455992 t gcesareni "Instead, shh rapidly and locally stimulated phosphorylation of the src family kinase (sfk) members src and fyn in a smo-dependent fashion." SIGNOR-178607 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT ATP2C1 protein P98194 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15955096 f miannu "when Sp1 or YY1 was overexpressed in keratinocytes, an obvious increase in ATP2C1 promoter activity was observed, which was in contrast with the case where a mutant promoter lacking the binding sites for Sp1 and YY1 was used as the reporter." SIGNOR-255193 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr37 PPGDYSTtPGGTLFS 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 12747827 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a functional TOS motif is required for 4E-BP1 to bind to raptor (a recently identified mTOR-interacting protein), for 4E-BP1 to be efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by themTOR/raptor complex, and for 4E-BP1 to be phosphorylated in vivo at all identified mTOR-regulated sites. mTOR/raptor regulated phosphorylation is necessary for 4E-BP’s efficient release from the translational initiation factor eIF4E. We find that the TOS motif is absolutely required for efficient phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at all the identified mTOR-regulated sites, namely, Thr37/46, Ser65, and Thr70 in vivo." SIGNOR-101119 GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30825796 f miannu "In the mammalian brain the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission is carried out by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors located within the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses" SIGNOR-264614 FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25902418 t areggio "Here we report that Wnt receptor Frizzled (Frz) and theco-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (LRP5/6) directly interact with each other and this interaction is regulated by the LRP6 ectodomain." SIGNOR-258967 UBA52 protein P62987 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 "phosphorylation: ser65" DYNIQKEsTLHLVLR 24784582 t "The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between ubiquitin and parkin suggests that phosphorylated ubiquitin unlocks autoinhibition of the catalytic cysteine. Our results show that PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of both parkin and ubiquitin is sufficient for full activation of parkin E3 activity. These findings demonstrate that phosphorylated ubiquitin is a parkin activator." SIGNOR-270344 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT IFNGR2 protein P38484 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7673114 t gcesareni "Ifn-g Binds to the ifn-g Receptor binding subunit (ifn-gR1;receptor chain 1), a species-specific cell surface transmembrane receptor chain (41, 42). A second transmembrane protein (ifn-gR2) (43 45) is required for signal transduction" SIGNOR-31013 "tyrphostin B42" chemical CHEBI:131968 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 11368440 t gcesareni "The Janus kinase inhibitor, tyrphostine AG490, inhibits STAT3 activation, STAT3 DNA binding, and IL-2Ralpha mRNA and protein expression in parallel" SIGNOR-238542 PGM2 protein Q96G03 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-267934 NDUFB3 protein O43676 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND5-module corresponds to the distal part of the membrane arm and it is composed of MT-ND5, NDUFB2, NDUFB3, NDUFB7, NDUFB8, NDUFB9 and NDUFAB1" SIGNOR-262166 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser146 MEPERRDsQDGSSYR 9606 12571245 t lperfetto "Studies with human lasp mutants identified serine 146 as a specific phosphorylation site for cgk and cak in vivo. Lasp is an actin-binding protein, and the phospho-lasp-mimicking mutant s146d showed reduced binding affinity for f-actin in cosedimentation experiments." SIGNOR-97946 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1105 LDRKRHNsISEAKMR 9606 10893237 t llicata "These data indicate that pkc and pka act similarly in that they inhibit galpha(q)-stimulated plcbeta(3) as a result of phosphorylation of ser(1105)." SIGNOR-79148 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1409 SAPEDPTsPKRKMRR 9606 BTO:0000848 21087211 t gcesareni "Specifically, 14-3-3 binds to p90(rsk)-phosphorylated ser?_??_ Of capic?_A thereby modulating dna binding to its hmg (high-mobility group) box, whereas erk phosphorylations prevent binding of a c-terminal nls (nuclear localization sequence) to importin ?4 (kpna3))[...] These results suggest that erk phosphorylation of ser1382 and ser1409 masks the nls and prevents its binding to kpna3" SIGNOR-169875 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 10937998 f fspada "Wnt-10b, is a molecular switch that governs adipogenesis. Wnt signaling maintains preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state through inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (ppargamma)." SIGNOR-80592 TEAD proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF22 SIGNOR WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23431053 t miannu "YAP/TAZ do not contain intrinsic DNA-binding domains but instead bind to the promoters of target genes by interacting with DNA-binding transcription factors. YAP/TAZ mainly bind to the transcription factors TEAD1–4 to regulate genes involved in cell proliferation and cell death" SIGNOR-230722 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t gcesareni "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-252337 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000452 10795740 t gcesareni "We found that TNF-R1-mediated IKK activation requires both RIP and TRAF2 proteins. Although TRAF2 or RIP can be independently recruited to the TNF-R1 complex, neither one of them alone is capable of transducing the TNF signal that leads to IKK activation" SIGNOR-245026 OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22194658 f "same result in PC12 cell" miannu "SiRNA effectively downregulated optineurin expression in RGC-5 and PC12 stable transfected cells. Optineurin siRNA significantly inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis in RGC-5 and PC12 cells. Microarray analysis identified 112 differentially expressed genes in optineurin siRNA transfected RGC-5 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), neurotrophin-3(Ntf3), synaptosomal-associated protein 25(Snap25), and neurofilament, light polypeptide(Nefl) was significantly downregulated in RGC-5 and PC12 cells transfected with optineurin siRNA." SIGNOR-259880 CACNA1B protein Q00975 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 20655485 t miannu "The main G b/g-dependent effectors of presynaptic GABAB receptors are P/Q-and N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. GABAB receptors inhibit these Ca2+ channels at excitatory and inhibitory terminals, thereby restricting neurotransmitter release." SIGNOR-265069 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ZNF692 protein Q9BU19 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser470 VAAHRSKsHPALLLA 9606 17097062 t lperfetto "Arebp is phosphorylated at ser(470) by ampk. Phosphorylation reduces the dna-binding activity of arebp." SIGNOR-216519 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CCNG1 protein P51959 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7957050 t lperfetto "Using a DNA binding assay, a specific p53 binding site was identified upstream from the cyclin G gene, which functioned as a p53-dependent cis-acting element in a transient transfection assay." SIGNOR-268960 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258080 FGF1 protein P05230 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11030354 t lperfetto "Crystal structure of a ternary fgf-fgfr-heparin complex reveals a dual role for heparin in fgfr binding and dimerization." SIGNOR-83143 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser574 NSNSCRSsTTTCPEQ 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249303 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 KEREKEIsDDEAEEE 9606 18591256 t gcesareni "Although the kinase responsible for hsp90? Phosphorylation in vivo is not known, it has been reported that ck2 can phosphorylate these sites in vitro (24). Thus, we prephosphorylated recombinant hsp90? With ck2 before addition to the reaction. Remarkably, hsp90? Phosphorylation greatly reduced its ability to inhibit apaf-1 oligomerization and caspase-9 recruitment (fig. 5b). These results indicate that the phosphorylation status of hsp90? Significantly impacts its ability to inhibit apoptosome formation." SIGNOR-179260 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr53 PPGSLSStPLSTPCS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159450 NR2E3 protein Q9Y5X4 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 22174013 t Luana "NR2E3 directly regulates expression of ESR1 | Furthermore, overexpression of exogenous NR2E3 further increased expression of ESR1 and its downstream targets as well as its transcriptional activity in MCF-7 cells (Fig S1 of Supporting Information), strongly demonstrating that NR2E3 regulates ESR1 expression and subsequent ESR1-mediated induction of target genes." SIGNOR-266207 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 20519342 t gcesareni "In t cells, the predominant tec kinase is itk, which functions downstream of the t-cell receptor to regulate phospholipase c-gamma." SIGNOR-165803 enalapril chemical CHEBI:4784 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 7527095 t miannu "The effects of 14-day trandolapril or enalapril treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were studied on blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity measured ex vivo in various organs. Both ACE inhibitors caused dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure and ACE activity, trandolapril being 30- and 400- to 1,000-fold more active than enalapril on blood pressure and ACE activity, respectively. However, comparison of ACE inhibitory activities of the diacid forms of trandolapril and enalapril, i.e., trandolaprilat and enalaprilat, measured in vitro on various tissues, showed that trandolaprilat was only three- to fivefold more active than enalaprilat." SIGNOR-258428 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 10090 BTO:0000331 11907276 t amattioni "Caspase-3 cleaves parp-1. During cd95-mediated apoptosis proteolytic inactivation of parp-1 by caspases prevents atp depletion and thereby ensures the execution of the apoptotic process" SIGNOR-256465 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr476 EANYVPMtPGTFDFS 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249400 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10497253 t lperfetto "Cotransfection experiments suggested that tao2 selectively activates mek3 and mek6 but not meks 1, 4, or 7." SIGNOR-70947 SB-705498 chemical CID:9910486 PUBCHEM TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206826 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000797 27340238 f "These alterations corresponded to mutant KRAS and BRAF-dependent increases in glucose uptake and lactate production. Metabolic reprogramming and glucose conversion to lactate in RKO cells were proportional to levels of BRAF V600E protein." SIGNOR-259373 EIF3I protein Q13347 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9774674 t gcesareni "Another receptor-associated protein is trip-1, which interacts with and is phosphorylated by tbrii and contains five wd-40 repeats. The association of wd-40 repeat proteins may then allow them to play a role in signaling by the serine/threonine kinase receptors." SIGNOR-60700 HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257008 NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9914500 t lperfetto "In nonstimulated cells, nf-kappab is present in the cytosol where it is complexed to its inhibitor ikappab however, we found that only one of the activities, namely the ikk1/2 complex, exists as a pre-assembled kinase-substrate complex in which the ikks are directly or indirectly associated with several nf-kappab-related and ikappab-related proteins: rela, relb, crel, p100, p105, ikappa balpha, ikappa bbeta and ikappa bepsilon." SIGNOR-64092 NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000414 20506119 f miannu "Our results suggest that in many cells of neuroectodermal and epithelial origin EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 activate NAB2 transcription which is in turn repressed by NAB2, thus establishing a negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-253888 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2347 TTCCRRSsNVSYKYS 9606 8318012 t lperfetto "Pka phosphorylates the cytoplasmic mpr 300 domain at ser20 and at a non-identified site," SIGNOR-37839 alogliptin chemical CHEBI:72323 ChEBI DPP4 protein P27487 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22475866 t Luana "Novel pyrrolopyrimidine analogues as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors based on pharmacokinetic property-driven optimization." SIGNOR-258333 CTSH protein P09668 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly58 RYLYQWLgAPVPYPD -1 9076588 t miannu "This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42." SIGNOR-256324 LRAT protein O95237 UNIPROT retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10090 18093970 t lperfetto "We investigated the role of retinyl ester formation catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in regulating retinoid homeostasis during embryogenesis" SIGNOR-265110 MMP19 protein Q99542 UNIPROT ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage -1 10922468 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases 19 and 20 cleave aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)|It has been suggested that MMPs play a role in the hydrolysis of COMP and, therefore, compromise the integrity of the cartilage ECM structure leading to the ultimate loss of joint function" SIGNOR-266980 TOR1A protein O14656 UNIPROT SNAPIN protein O95295 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000793 18167355 t Monia "In the present study, we used yeast two-hybrid analysis to identify a new binding partner of torsinA, the SNARE-associated protein snapin. We have reported that snapin shows a robust interaction with wild type and mutant torsinA. we have demonstrated that this portion of torsinA and/or the adjacent linker region has the additional role of recruiting snapin. we found that snapin, which binds SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25,000 Da) and enhances the association of the SNARE complex with synaptotagmin, is an interacting partner for both wild type and mutant torsinA." SIGNOR-261170 ILF2 protein Q12905 UNIPROT NF90-NF45 complex SIGNOR-C443 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 18458058 t miannu "Nuclear factor 90 (NF90) and its C-terminally extended isoform, NF110, have been isolated as DNA- and RNA-binding proteins together with the less-studied protein NF45. These complexes have been implicated in gene regulation, but little is known about their cellular roles and whether they are redundant or functionally distinct. We show that heterodimeric core complexes, NF90-NF45 and NF110-NF45, exist within larger complexes that are more labile and contain multiple NF90/110 isoforms and additional proteins. This study identified NF45 as an unstable regulatory subunit of NF90-NF45 complexes and uncovered their critical role in normal cell division. Furthermore, the study revealed that NF90 is functionally distinct from NF110 and is more important for cell growth." SIGNOR-268487 neratinib chemical CHEBI:61397 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000551 17311002 t gcesareni "However, the same cells were highly sensitive to the irreversible dual-specificity egfr/erbb2 kinase inhibitor hki-272, as were those overexpressing wild-type erbb2." SIGNOR-153318 HRH3 protein Q9Y5N1 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256689 VXJPSOQJNUZHDN-YJFQKBDPSA-N smallmolecule CID:118708139 PUBCHEM NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257592 UBIAD1 protein Q9Y5Z9 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000362 30518913 f miannu "This study show that UBIAD1 interacts with H-Ras, retains H-Ras in the Golgi apparatus, prevents H-Ras trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, blocks the aberrant activation of Ras/MAPK signaling, and inhibits the proliferation of bladder cancer cells." SIGNOR-256205 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr700 EGEEDTEyMTPSSRP 10090 11997497 t "Insulin receptor phosphorylates Cbl on tyrosines 371, 700, and 774 in the presence of APS. This phosphorylation event is required for the recruitment of Crk to the CAP/Cbl complex and for the subsequent activation of GLUT4 translocation." SIGNOR-251305 PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19151708 t gcesareni "Prolyl-isomerase pin1 interacts with notch1 and affects notch1 activation. Pin1 potentiates notch1 cleavage by gamma-secretase, leading to an increased release of the active intracellular domain and ultimately enhancing notch1. pin1 potentiates notch1 cleavage by gamma-secretase" SIGNOR-183461 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr155 DSTPPPGtRVRAMAI -1 12628923 t llicata "CK2 phosphoryl ates Thr155, which targets p53 to degradation by the Ub system." SIGNOR-250968 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT BCL10 protein O95999 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000661 15082780 t miannu "The HECT domain ubiquitin ligases NEDD4 and Itch promote ubiquitination and degradation of Bcl10, thus downmodulating NF-kappa B activation. " SIGNOR-271413 ZFYVE26 protein Q68DK2 UNIPROT TTC19 protein Q6DKK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20208530 t miannu "We show that PtdIns(3)P localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis and recruits a centrosomal protein, FYVE-CENT (ZFYVE26), and its binding partner TTC19, which in turn interacts with CHMP4B, an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III subunit implicated in the abscission step of cytokinesis. On the basis of these data and the high-content microscopy described above, we propose that PtdIns(3)P controls the KIF13A-dependent recruitment of FYVE-CENT and TTC19 to the midbody, and that TTC19 is the most downstream effector of the three, possibly controlling the function of CHMP4B. FYVE-CENT binds directly to TTC19 and KIF13A." SIGNOR-265542 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT CD80 protein P33681 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12860928 f "Upon CD40 signaling, transcription of the CD80 gene is induced by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factor. Our results show that BCL6 prevents CD40-induced expression of CD80 by binding its promoter region in vivo and suppressing its transcriptional activation by NF-kappaB. Consistent with a physiologic role for BCL6 in suppressing CD80, the expression of these two genes is mutually exclusive in B cells, and BCL6-defective mice show increased expression of CD80 in B cells." SIGNOR-253935 pralidoxime chemical CHEBI:8354 ChEBI ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 21215642 t Luana "These compounds were synthesized, evaluated in vitro on human AChE (hAChE) inhibited by tabun, paraoxon, methylparaoxon and DFP and then compared to commercial hAChE reactivators (pralidoxime, HI-6, trimedoxime, obidoxime, methoxime) or previously prepared compounds (K027, K203). Three of these novel compounds showed a promising ability to reactivate hAChE comparable or better than the used standards. " SIGNOR-257889 IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT LNPEP protein Q9UIQ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003420 15894523 f miannu "Activator protein-2 (AP-2) and Ikaros transcription factors play significant roles in exerting high promoter activity of P-LAP/OTase in the trophoblastic cells. Moreover, P-LAP/OTase is transcriptionally regulated in a trophoblast-differentiation-dependent fashion via up-regulation of AP-2, putatively AP-2alpha." SIGNOR-255403 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT DDX41 protein Q9UJV9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr414 DVIQEVEyVKEEAKM 10090 BTO:0002572 25704810 t miannu "The kinase and SH3/SH2 interaction domains of BTK bind, respectively, the DEAD-box domain of DDX41 and transmembrane region of STING. BTK phosphorylates DDX41, and its kinase activities are critical for STING-mediated IFN-β production. We show that Tyr364 and Tyr414 of DDX41 are critical for its recognition of AT-rich DNA and binding to STING, and tandem mass spectrometry identifies Tyr414 as the BTK phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-266404 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PNKP protein Q96T60 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser114 EETRTPEsQPDTPPG 9606 21824916 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that pnkp is phosphorylated by the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm) in vitro. The major phosphorylation site for both kinases was serine 114, with serine 126 being a minor site. Purified pnkp protein with mutation of serines 114 and 126 had decreased dna kinase and dna phosphatase activities and reduced affinity for dna in vitro." SIGNOR-176008 MOV10 protein Q9HCE1 UNIPROT IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27016603 t miannu "MOV10 enhances IRF3 activation and IRF3-mediated gene induction. This indicated that MOV10-mediated antiviral activity is most likely mediated through IKKε and not through TBK1. Involvement of IKKε was further established by examining the physical interaction of MOV10 and IKKε." SIGNOR-261138 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16473826 t scontino "When T cells encounter antigens via the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), information about the quantity and quality of antigen engagement is relayed to the intracellular signal transduction machinery. The TCR itself lacks a significant intracellular domain. Instead, it is associated with CD3 molecules that contain intracellular signaling domains that couple the TCR/CD3 complex to the downstream signaling machinery." SIGNOR-267994 RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex" complex SIGNOR-C295 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14636569 t lperfetto "These findings identify BRCC as a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex that enhances cellular survival following DNA damage.|Reconstitution of a recombinant four-subunit complex containing BRCA1/BARD1/BRCC45/BRCC36 revealed an enhanced E3 ligase activity compared to that of BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer" SIGNOR-263206 SDC3 protein O75056 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002314 20696709 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we show that Syndecan-3 interacts with Notch and is required for Notch processing by ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-€“converting enzyme (TACE) and signal transduction. Together, our data support the conclusion that Syndecan-3 and Notch cooperate in regulating homeostasis of the satellite cell population and myofiber size." SIGNOR-254329 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUSAP1 protein Q9BXS6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr300 HKRSLTKtPARKSAH 9606 22101338 t llicata "We report here that cdk1 phosphorylates nusap at threonine 300 and 338 in early mitosis. Phosphorylation of nusap inhibits its microtubule-binding activity in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-177545 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRM7 protein Q14831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate" SIGNOR-264072 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2093 GPNRSFLsLKHTPMG 9606 BTO:0000007 12794074 t "Ser-2093 is efficiently phosphorylated by GSK-3β and, to a minor extent, residues Thr-2068 and/or Ser-2070 and Thr-2074 of Notch2 are also targets for GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation. We also find that GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation of Notch2 is inhibiting transcriptional activation of different Notch target genes." SIGNOR-251253 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t miannu "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-132930 veliparib chemical CHEBI:62880 ChEBI PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189183 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr236 FYDETYDyGGFTMMF 9606 12052863 t lperfetto "We show that hnrnp k and the c-src kinase specifically interact with each other, leading to c-src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of hnrnp k in vivo and in vitro. c-src-mediated phosphorylation reversibly inhibits the binding of hnrnp k to the differentiation control element (dice) of the lox mrna 3' untranslated region in vitro and specifically derepresses the translation of dice-bearing mrnas in vivo.We confirmed that tyr 230, 234, 236, and 380 are phosphorylated and identified two additional targets of c-src, tyr 72 and tyr 225 (data not shown)." SIGNOR-88911 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr53 PPGSLSStPLSTPCS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159466 EGF protein P01133 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12297050 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor (egf) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation by binding to the egf receptor (egfr) extracellular region, comprising domains i-iv, with the resultant dimerization of the receptor tyrosine kinase." SIGNOR-186159 PPY protein P01298 UNIPROT NPY4R protein P50391 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 7592911 t gcesareni "Human y4 bound human pp family members in i-pyy membrane binding assays with a distinctive rank order (table 1): pp > pyy > npy > npy free acid." SIGNOR-24230 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16606617 f irozzo "We also show that ASXL1 associates specifically with SRC-1 and cooperates synergistically in the transcriptional activation. Further data indicated that the transactivation domain (AD; amino acids 300–655) of ASXL1, newly defined in this study, interacts with the C-terminal AD2 (amino acids 1217–1441) of SRC-1, suggesting that one AD cooperates with the other AD in transcriptional activation by RAR." SIGNOR-255933 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" -1 10988287 f lperfetto "One indirect means through which caspase-8 might regulate caspase-9 activation is through a bcl-2-regulated pathway." SIGNOR-81811 GOLGA2 protein Q08379 UNIPROT GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16489344 t Giulio "Previous studies have implicated the GM130–GRASP65 complex in diverse Golgi functions. Therefore, GM130–GRASP65 interactions are required for Golgi ribbon formation.|A surprising clue came from the observation that GM130 was required for stability of GRASP65." SIGNOR-260601 HOXA11 protein P31270 UNIPROT HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001549 17688409 f miannu "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assays confirm that HOXA11 binds to the putative binding site, resulting in repression of HOXA10 expression." SIGNOR-254469 FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12958364 t amattioni "Endocytosis of frizzled 4 (fz4) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells was dependent on added wnt5a protein and was accomplished by the multifunctional adaptor protein beta-arrestin 2 (betaarr2), which was recruited to fz4 by binding to phosphorylated dvl2." SIGNOR-100274 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SPHK2 protein Q9NRA0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 PATVEPAsPTPAHSL 9606 17311928 t llicata "Sphingosine kinase type 2 activation by erk-mediated phosphorylation. site-directed mutagenesis indicated that hsphk2 is phosphorylated on ser-351 and thr-578 by erk1" SIGNOR-153379 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 BTO:0000938 12040039 t lperfetto "Stress in primary cultured cns neurons induces phosphorylation of c-jun serines 63 and 73 and increased c-jun protein. Jnk2/3 activity selectively targets c-jun." SIGNOR-236130 SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16510124 t miannu "Since Fbxo7 is one component of the SCF complex, we tried to determine whether overexpression of Fbxo7 could promote cIAP1 ubiquitination in the hope to reveal functional aspects of the cIAP1–Fbxo7 interaction. cIAP1-Flag was co-expressed with or without Fbxo7 in 293T cells. In conclusion, our results show that overexpression of Fbxo7 promotes the ubiquitination of cIAP1." SIGNOR-271553 CyclinC/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C545 SIGNOR TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser309 SLGEGNGsPNHQPEP 9606 19237534 t lperfetto "In vitro, lsf is phosphorylated by cyclin e/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), cyclin c/cdk2, and cyclin c/cdk3, predominantly on s309. Phosphorylation by cyclin c/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 following mitogenic stimulation of murine fibroblasts inhibits transcriptional activity of lsf during g1 progression" SIGNOR-273180 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TNFAIP1 protein Q13829 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser280 SRSQASPsEDEETFE 9606 BTO:0000567 19851886 t lperfetto "It was demonstrated that ck2 could phosphorylate tnfaip1 in vitro and in vivo, which facilitated the distribution of tnfaip1 in nucleus and enhanced its interaction with pcna. It is suggested that the phosphorylation of tnfaip1 may be required for its functions." SIGNOR-188849 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT down-regulates sumoylation Lys244 NQELLKVkTEPVDFL 9606 15208321 t miannu "Sumoylation decreases the transcriptional activity of plag1 / plag1 is sumoylated at 2 specific lysine residues (lys-244 and lys-263)" SIGNOR-126044 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 DNMIRRLsPAERAQG 10090 BTO:0000944 15060146 t miannu "Leukemia-related transcription factor TEL is negatively regulated through extracellular signal-regulated kinase-induced phosphorylation. Overexpressed TEL becomes phosphorylated in vivo by activated ERK. TEL is also directly phosphorylated in vitro by ERK. The inducible phosphorylation sites are Ser(213) and Ser(257)." SIGNOR-260084 miR-142-3p mirna URS000075AE07_9606 RNAcentral MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 23132946 f irozzo "In human leukemic cells with MLL rearrangements (e.g., MONOMAC-6 and THP-1 cells), we found that ectopic expression of miR-495 could significantly inhibit cell growth/proliferation and increase apoptosis while decreasing cell viability." SIGNOR-255883 PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18048767 f miannu "Activation of PPAR-delta upregulated the expression of antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and thioredoxin and decreased reactive oxygen species production in ECs." SIGNOR-255051 NR1H3 protein Q13133 UNIPROT BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19032342 f lperfetto "LXRα and LXRβ are potent positive regulators for hepatic Dec1" SIGNOR-253691 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002572 20670887 f lperfetto "We find that srebp1 and 2 promote proliferation downstream of mtorc1, and the activation of these transcription factors is mediated by s6k1." SIGNOR-167190 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AKAP4 protein Q5JQC9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr265 KERISPRtPASKIAS 9606 BTO:0001277 27901058 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylates proAKAP4 on Thr265 in human spermatozoa in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-271861 NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001260 17079331 t lperfetto "The calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway has been found to play a role in regulating growth and differentiation in several cell types. However, the functional significance of NFAT in the vasculature is largely unclear. Here we show that NFATc1, NFATc3, and NFATc4 are expressed in human myometrial arteries. |Chronic inhibition of NFAT significantly reduced IL-6 production in intact myometrial arteries and inhibited cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from explants from the same arteries." SIGNOR-251732 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser461 NPLMRRNsVTPLASP 9606 15896703 t gcesareni "We also found that AMP activated protein kinase and protein kinases A, B, and C catalyzed the phosphorylation of Ser-460 of HBP1, and that in addition both isoforms are phosphorylated at a second, as yet undetermined site by protein kinase C. However, none of the phosphorylations had any effect on the intrinsic kinetic characteristics of either enzymatic activity, and neither did point mutation (mimicking phosphorylation), deletion, and alternative-splice modification of the HBP1 carboxy-terminal region. Instead, these phosphorylations and mutations decreased the sensitivity of the 6PF2K to a potent allosteric inhibitor, phosphoenolpyruvate, which appears to be the major regulatory mechanism." SIGNOR-252477 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24024136 t irozzo "In both models, the inducer-modified and Nrf2-bound Keap1 is inactivated and, consequently, newly synthesized Nrf2 proteins bypass Keap1 and translocate into the nucleus, bind to the ARE and drive the expression of Nrf2 target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione S transferases (GSTs)." SIGNOR-256276 CARS1 protein P49589 UNIPROT cysteine smallmolecule CHEBI:15356 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11347887 t miannu "Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the addition of cysteine to its cognate tRNA. Here we report the isolation of a fulllength cDNA that encodes a protein of 748 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence shows considerable similarity to other eukaryotic cysteinyltRNA synthetases in the carboxylterminus. Expression of the fulllength and alternative forms of the enzyme in E. coli generated functional proteins that were active in aminoacylation of human cytoplasmic tRNA with cysteine." SIGNOR-270470 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser636 SGDYMPMsPKSVSAP 9606 12510059 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-249407 ERAP2 protein Q6P179 UNIPROT oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15908954 t "The generation of many HLA class I peptides entails a final trimming step in the endoplasmic reticulum that, in humans, is accomplished by two 'candidate' aminopeptidases | We show here that one of these, ERAP1, was unable to remove several N-terminal amino acids that were trimmed efficiently by the second enzyme, ERAP2." SIGNOR-272495 BTG2 protein P78543 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 22493435 f miannu "BTG2 was found to up-regulate expression of antioxidant enzymes known to be regulated by NFE2L2, including catalase, SOD1, and SOD2" SIGNOR-254649 KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19661484 f miannu "Thrombomodulin upregulation was independent of NF-kappaB signaling, a principal target of proteasome inhibitors, but was instead a direct consequence of increased expression of the Krüppel-like transcription factors, KLF2 and KLF4." SIGNOR-254543 CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 22869609 t lperfetto "Previous studies have indicated that CRHR could couple to multiple Galpha proteins including Gs, Gi, and Gq/11 and then go on to induce changes in AC activity and activation of PLC-beta3" SIGNOR-268617 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr292 ETPPRPRtPGRPLSS 9534 BTO:0004055 14993270 t lperfetto "We propose that activation of erk during adhesion creates a feedback system in which erk phosphorylates mek1 on t292, and this in turn blocks additional s298 phosphorylation in response to integrin signaling." SIGNOR-236335 LPAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF2 SIGNOR GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ‚â• -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ‚â• -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ‚â• -1.0." SIGNOR-269963 GTF2H1 protein P32780 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser403 PEEFISLsPPHEALD -1 10428966 t "TFIIH-mediated phosphorylation of E2F-1 plays a role in triggering E2F-1 degradation during S phase. E2F-1 activation domain interacts with a kinase activity which phosphorylates two sites, Ser403 and Thr433, within the activation domain. We demonstrate that TFIIH is responsible for the E2F-1 phosphorylation observed in cell extracts and that endogenous E2F-1 interacts in vivo with p62, a component of TFIIH, during S phase." SIGNOR-251259 TGFB2 protein P61812 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22326956 t miannu "Tgf-? Signaling mediates a wide range of biological activities in development and disease. Tgf-? Ligands signal through heterodimeric type i and type ii receptors (tgf-? Receptor type i [t?RI, also known as alk5 and tgfbr1] and t?RII) that are members of the serine/threonine kinase family." SIGNOR-196025 BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "D1-D2-G-X3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C301 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18212739 t lperfetto "These results argue that FANCG has a role independent of the FA core complex, and we propose that phosphorylation of serine 7 is the signalling event required for forming a discrete complex comprising FANCD1/BRCA2-FANCD2-FANCG-XRCC3 (D1-D2-G-X3). " SIGNOR-263256 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SLK protein Q9H2G2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser348 SDLSIASsEEDKLSQ 9606 16837460 t gcesareni "Slk down-regulation by v-src is indirect and is accompanied by slk hyperphosphorylation on serine residues. Deletion analysis revealed that casein kinase ii (ck2) sites at position 347/348 are critical for v-src-dependent modulation of slk activity." SIGNOR-147883 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266477 ATF3 protein P18847 UNIPROT PCLAF protein Q15004 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23593430 f gcesareni "P15(paf) is a direct transcriptional target of atf3" SIGNOR-201850 PTGER1 protein P34995 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000586 17251915 t gcesareni "Ep1 is a galfaq-coupled receptor that promotes calcium mobilization and pkc activation, whereas ep2 and ep4, which have a more prominent role in colon cancer, are coupled to galfas and stimulate camp accumulation" SIGNOR-152802 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RRM2B protein Q7LG56 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser72 TAEEVDLsKDLPHWN 9606 19015526 t lperfetto "Atm-mediated serine 72 phosphorylation stabilizes ribonucleotide reductase small subunit p53r2 protein against mdm2 to dna damage" SIGNOR-182423 NEXMIF protein Q5QGS0 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000938 27822498 f miannu "Xpn regulates N-cadherin and β1-integrin expression at the transcriptional level in PC12 cells" SIGNOR-269661 ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256910 RPRD1B protein Q9NQG5 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004953 30518842 t lperfetto "These results indicated that CREPT regulates the Cyclin B1 expression via directly targeting its promoter region during transcription." SIGNOR-265500 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr354 RKPANDItSQLEINF 9606 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249250 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001412 11283671 t irozzo "AML1–ETO inhibits CEBPA autoregulation in myeloid cells.[…]It was also demonstrated that AML1–ETO and C/EBPα physically interact in vivo." SIGNOR-255700 CH5132799 chemical CID:49784945 PUBCHEM PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252648 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10770941 t miannu "The binding of Ca2+/CaM to CaM-KK is absolutely required for its activation and efficient phosphorylation of target protein kinases" SIGNOR-266344 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FOXK2 protein Q01167 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser373 SSRSAPAsPNHAGVL 9606 20810654 t gcesareni "We have mapped two cdk phosphorylation sites, serines 368 and 423, which play a role in defining foxk2 function through regulating its stability and its activity as a transcriptional repressor protein. These two cdk sites appear vital for foxk2 function because expression of a mutant lacking these sites cannot be tolerated and causes apoptosis." SIGNOR-167822 masitinib chemical CHEBI:63450 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258244 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256975 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr59 EGYDELQtDGNRSSH 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-251054 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16932740 t "In this case, the phosphorylation of EGFR by p38 or a downstream kinase like MAPKAP-2, triggers receptor internalization." gcesareni "In conclusion, the use of pharmacological agents suggests that p38 mapk is the enzyme involved in egfr phosphorylation, as well as internalization, following exposure of cells to various stress-inducing conditions." SIGNOR-149089 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249350 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24743741 f "To further investigate the signaling pathway through which PDGFRαpromotes the proliferation of PDGFRα+ cells, we used inhibitors of PI3K-Akt and Ras-MAPK pathways, which are known to be downstream signaling pathways of PDGFRα. Thus, both PI3K-Akt and MEK2-MAPK pathways are necessary for PDGFRα-driven proliferation." SIGNOR-254377 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19005488 f miannu "UVB and proinflammatory cytokines synergistically activate TNF-alpha production in keratinocytes through enhanced gene transcription. UVB and IL-1alpha treatment synergistically enhanced TNF-alpha secretion and mRNA levels in human keratinocytes, similar to the findings reported previously in human fibroblasts." SIGNOR-252208 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser657 ETTSATSsPYRDTQS 9606 BTO:0000567 18519666 t lperfetto "Polo-like kinase 3 functions as a tumor suppressor and is a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha under hypoxic conditionsplk3 can potentially inhibit hif-1_ by physical interaction and direct phosphorylation" SIGNOR-178743 ERAP2 protein Q6P179 UNIPROT "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15908954 t "The generation of many HLA class I peptides entails a final trimming step in the endoplasmic reticulum that, in humans, is accomplished by two 'candidate' aminopeptidases | We show here that one of these, ERAP1, was unable to remove several N-terminal amino acids that were trimmed efficiently by the second enzyme, ERAP2." SIGNOR-272496 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr100 LKRLFSGtQISTIAE 9606 15073328 t lperfetto "Individual ala substitutions at thr-100, ser-111, or ser-121 inhibited atm-catalyzed phosphate incorporationatm phosphorylated creb in vitro and in vivo in response to ionizing radiation (ir) and h(2)o(2) on a stress-inducible domain. Ir-induced phosphorylation of creb correlated with a decrease in creb transactivation potential and reduced interaction between creb and its transcriptional coactivator, creb-binding protein (cbp)" SIGNOR-124051 POLR3K protein Q9Y2Y1 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266135 CRYGC protein P07315 UNIPROT Maintenance_of_lens_transparency phenotype SIGNOR-PH65 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10521291 f "The γ-crystallin proteins are tightly folded in two domains with no free loops. It is possible that the R58H mutation destabilizes the contact between lens-fiber cells, which is critical for the maintenance of lens transparency. Improper folding of CRYGD, the most abundantly expressed γ-crystallin in the lens, could well cause protein aggregation and lens opacification." SIGNOR-253624 SIRT3 protein Q9NTG7 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 34929314 t lperfetto "SOD2 is the key substrate of SIRT3 in mitochondria. The combination of SIRT3 and SOD2 leads to the deacetylation and activation of SOD2" SIGNOR-267646 CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 7969453 t gcesareni "Here we show that heterotypic adhesive interactions between epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes in vitro are mediated by e-cadherin and the alpha e beta 7 integrin." SIGNOR-35210 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 ESFTMASsPAQRRRG 9606 16446360 t gcesareni "In this work, by in vitro kinase reactions and mass spectrometry analysis of the products, we have mapped phosphorylation sites in the n terminus of mcm2 by cdc7, cdk2, cdk1, and ck2" SIGNOR-144004 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1021 PNEGDNDyIIPLPDP 9606 18567737 t gcesareni "Interestingly, resveratrol increased the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase ptp1b, which dephosphorylates pdgf-stimulated phosphorylation at tyrosine-751 and tyrosine-716 on pdgfr with concomitant reduction in akt and erk1/2 kinase activity. these results for the first time provide evidence that the stilbene resveratrol targets ptp1b to inhibit pdgfr mitogenic signaling." SIGNOR-179068 "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25675981 f lperfetto "The Integrator complex controls the termination of transcription at diverse classes of gene targets.|Following INTS3 or INTS9 knockdown, the levels of SDC4, JUNB, FOSL1, and GADD45B increased, suggesting that the Integrator complex negatively regulates the transcription of these genes." SIGNOR-261477 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser342 LAHDRAPsRKDSLES 9606 23337587 t gcesareni "Interestingly, sufu stability is regulated via dual phosphorylation at ser342/ser346 by pka and gsk3, and blocking sufu phosphorylation either by mutating ser346 to ala or by treating cultured cells with pka inhibitors attenuates sufu ciliary accumulation, whereas phospho-mimetic forms of sufu exhibits increased ciliary localization" SIGNOR-200492 CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr200 EHQVLMKtVCGTPGY 9606 15769749 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ca(2+)/cam-bound camkiv on its activation loop threonine (residue thr(200) in human camkiv) by ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase leads to increased camkiv kinase activity." SIGNOR-134649 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr703 DHAEAALyKNLLHSK 10377264 t gcesareni "We furthermore demonstrate that the adapter protein Grb2 is a specific binding partner for both phosphorylated Tyr-703 and phosphorylated Tyr-936, whereas the adapter protein Grb7 binds selectively to phosphorylated Tyr-936." SIGNOR-248283 purmorphamine chemical CHEBI:63053 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "The activity of smo toward gi was stimulated severalfold with the synthetic agonist purmorphamine and inhibited almost completely by cyclopamine and other antagonists of shh." SIGNOR-154282 isoprenaline chemical CHEBI:64317 ChEBI ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8982677 t miannu "K i values of the agonists for [~25I]iodocyanopindolol binding to the COS-7 cell membranes are shown in Table 1. In the membranes expressing one of the 13-adrenoceptor subtypes, both isoproterenol and T-0509 caused monophasic dis- placement of [~25I]iodocyanopindolol, suggesting a single binding site of the agonists." SIGNOR-258577 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "Pgc1alfa is thought to mediate transcription downstream of the nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alfa (hnf4alfa) and the transcription factor foxo1 in the promoters of key gluconeogenic enzymes, including glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepck)" SIGNOR-142204 palbociclib chemical CHEBI:85993 ChEBI CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205701 MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272358 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser674 QSPKRPRsPGSNSKV 9606 10648599 t lperfetto "Tfii-i can be phosphorylated in vitro by erk and mutation of consensus map kinase substrate sites at serines 627 and 633 impairs the phosphorylation of tfii-i by erk and its activity on the c-fos promoter. These results suggest that erk regulates the activity of tfii-i by direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-74300 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ 9606 BTO:0000142 20308788 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Among the sites studied, thr205, thr212, ser214, and ser262 were the most favorable sites, and ser199 and ser404 were the least favorable sites for pp2a in vitro." SIGNOR-164663 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys254 MESQERIkAERKRMR 9606 SIGNOR-C154 16055711 t lperfetto "We report here that lysine 265 of c-Fos is conjugated by the peptidic posttranslational modifiers SUMO-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3 and that c-Jun can be sumoylated on lysine 257 as well as on the previously described lysine 229. Sumoylation of c-Fos preferentially occurs in the context of c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers.|Inhibition of c-Fos and c-Jun sumoylation stimulates AP-1-dependent transcription activity." SIGNOR-263001 IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT FCER2 protein P06734 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11342629 f "IFN-regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4) plays a critical role in mature B cell function. Using the transcriptional regulation of the human B cell activation marker CD23 as a model system, we have previously demonstrated that IRF-4 is induced in response to B cell-activating stimuli and that it acts as a transactivator of CD23 gene expression." SIGNOR-253933 YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270798 ZNF202 protein O95125 UNIPROT POMGNT1 protein Q8WZA1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22419172 f miannu "Here, we describe the first dystroglycanopathy patient carrying an alteration in the promoter region of the POMGNT1 gene (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1), which involves a homozygous 9-bp duplication (-83_-75dup). Analysis of the downstream effects of this mutation revealed a decrease in the expression of POMGNT1 mRNA and protein because of negative regulation of the POMGNT1 promoter by the transcription factor ZNF202 (zinc-finger protein 202)." SIGNOR-255626 CYP26A1 protein O43174 UNIPROT "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9716180 t Gianni "The RA-induced CYP26 was shown to be highly specific for the hydroxylation of all-trans-RA and did not recognize the 13-cis and 9-cis isomers. This substrate specificity is promising for finding retinoids that are not recognized by this enzyme and, therefore, could be more effective in growth inhibition of susceptible cancer cells." SIGNOR-266425 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT NKX2-1 protein P43699 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 16397409 t gcesareni "Taz also binds to the transcription factor ttf-1 that is involved in formation and differentiation of the lungs and respiratory epithelia, and stimulates the production of pulmonary surfactant." SIGNOR-143472 ASB9 protein Q96DX5 UNIPROT CKB protein P12277 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17148442 t miannu "We demonstrate that creatine kinase B (CKB) interacts with Asb-9 in a specific, SOCS box-independent manner. This interaction increases the polyubiquitylation of CKB and decreases total CKB levels within the cell. The targeting of CKB for degradation by Asb-9 was primarily SOCS box-dependent and suggests that Asb-9 acts as a specific ubiquitin ligase regulating levels of this evolutionarily conserved enzyme." SIGNOR-271623 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser262 TFRPRSSsNASSVST 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252829 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT ELF4/RUNX1 complex SIGNOR-C47 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 10207087 t miannu "We readily detected an in vivo physical interaction between mef and aml1 proteins in kasumi-1 cells/ coexpression of mef and aml1b synergistically activates promoter function" SIGNOR-66963 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 15870257 t "PPM1D binds Chk1 and dephosphorylates the ATR-targeted phospho-Ser 345, leading to decreased Chk1 kinase activity. PPM1D also dephosphorylates p53 at phospho-Ser 15. PPM1D dephosphorylations are correlated with reduced cellular intra-S and G2/M checkpoint activity in response to DNA damage induced by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. Thus, a primary function of PPM1D may be to reverse the p53 and Chk1-induced DNA damage and cell cycle checkpoint responses and return the cell to a homeostatic state following completion of DNA repair." SIGNOR-248319 TESK2 protein Q96S53 UNIPROT CFL2 protein Q9Y281 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVTVNDE 9606 BTO:0001363 11418599 t lperfetto "Like TESK1, TESK2 phosphorylated cofilin specifically at Ser-3 and induced formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesionsExpression of cofilin or S3A-cofilin into HeLa cells induced marked decreases in rhodamine-phalloidin staining due to the actin binding and -depolymerizing activity of cofilin" SIGNOR-246711 LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 12486116 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that egf 12, a portion of the ligand-binding site, is modified with o-fucose and that this site is evolutionarily conserved. We also show that endogenous fringe proteins in chinese hamster ovary cells (lunatic fringe and radical fringe) as well as exogenous manic fringe modify o-fucose on many but not all egf repeats of mouse notch1." SIGNOR-96537 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT KRT7 protein P08729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002861 20043065 f miannu "These results suggest that FOXA1 induces not only KRT7 but also LOXL2 in a subset of poor prognostic ESCCs with metastatic lymph nodes. FOXA1 siRNA treatment of esophageal cancer cells reduced the mRNA level of both KRT7 and a stabilizer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator LOXL2, and that both FOXA1 and LOXL2 siRNAs reduced invasion and migration of ESCC cells." SIGNOR-254167 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr66 DTAGQEDyDRLRPLS 9606 BTO:0000567 23027962 t lperfetto "When these RhoA mutants were coexpressed with Bcr-Abl, phosphorylation levels of Y34F and Y66F RhoA mutants dramatically decreased to 32% and 17%, respectively. As expected, when Y34 and Y66 were both mutated to phenylalanine, phosphorylation was completely abolished. Together, these observations indicate that Y34 and Y66 are the two predominant phosphorylation sites, and that the Src kinase and Bcr-Abl are the two candidate kinases that may phosphorylate these sites.|In contrast to active RhoA, RhoAQ63L(Y34,66E) had a dramatic decrease in RBD binding. This binding fraction was even lower than that of WT RhoA, suggesting phosphorylation at these sites could have a negative effect on RhoA activity" SIGNOR-271701 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1392 SRCTSVSsLDSFESR 9606 BTO:0000038 11487578 t lperfetto "Apc can be phosphorylated by ck1epsilon at ser1279 and ser1392. Mutation of conserved serine residues in the beta-catenin regulatory motifs of APC interfered with both axin-dependent phosphorylation and phosphorylation by CKIepsilon and impaired the ability of APC to regulate beta-catenin." SIGNOR-109664 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 SLLKKRDsFRTPRDS 9606 BTO:0000562 17075052 t gcesareni "The triple aspartic acid mutation shows greater distance between the two thick myosin filaments (affects the steric arrangement of the filament distances) in heart tissue. Mutation is cardioprotective during stress (ischemia-reprofusion injury) against apoptosis similar to isoproterenol treatment." SIGNOR-150355 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser396 TFDSLPSsPSSATPH -1 11500363 t miannu "eEF2 kinase is phosphorylated and inhibited by SAPK4/p38delta. eEF2K[S359A] was phosphorylated (presumably at Ser396) by the high concentrations of SAPK4/p38 used in this experiment. However, the inhibition of eEF2K under these conditions was reduced from 82% in the wild-type enzyme to 19% in eEF2K[S359A]" SIGNOR-250089 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268704 verapamil chemical CHEBI:9948 ChEBI SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 1658608 t miannu "This study examined the actions of phenytoin, carbamazepine, lidocaine, and verapamil on rat brain type IIA Na+ channels functionally expressed in mammalian cells, using the whole-cell voltage-clamp recording technique. The drugs blocked Na+ currents in both a tonic and use-dependent manner." SIGNOR-258355 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 16543409 f lperfetto "Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 was shown to inhibit IL-1-induced transcription and activation of NFkappaB and the MAPKs JNK and p38, but the mechanism is unknown" SIGNOR-253052 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SH3GL1 protein Q99961 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr315 QPSCKALyDFEPEND 9606 16054026 t llicata "These results identified y315 of endophilin a2 as a major phosphorylation site by fak/src complex. tyr315 phosphorylation inhibited endophilin/dynamin interactions, and blockade of tyr315 phosphorylation promoted endocytosis of mt1-mmp." SIGNOR-139154 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249322 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9606 15994200 t gcesareni "These observations suggest that RET/PTC is able to phosphorylate the Y315 residue of PKB, an event that results in maximal activation of PKB for RET/PTC-induced thyroid tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-138437 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT RAB10 protein P61026 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr73 AGQERFHtITTSYYR 9606 BTO:0000007 26824392 t Giulio "To investigate whether the phosphorylation of Rab10 by LRRK2 is direct, we performed an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant components. Notably, we found that both wt and LRRK2-G2019S, but neither kinase inactive D1994A mutant nor small molecule-inhibited LRRK2, efficiently phosphorylated Rab10, proving a direct kinase-substrate relationship (Figure 2C). Furthermore, incubation of Rab10 with LRRK2 followed by tryptic digestion and MS analysis unambiguously identified T73 as the major phosphorylation site (Figure 2—figure supplement 1B)|In pathogenic conditions, in which LRRK2 is hyperactive, RabGTPases have strongly diminished affinities for GDIs." SIGNOR-261277 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 ISYDIPPtPGNTYQI 9606 15379552 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylation enhances hgf-dependent gab1/pi3k but inhibits egf-dependent gab1/pi3k association and activation implicates that mapk activation provides another specific regulatory mechanism which can result in divergent effects for distinct rtks.we identified four serine and two threonine residues that are phosphorylated by erk in vitro. Five of these phosphorylation sites (t312, s454, t476, s581, s597)" SIGNOR-129196 TBX1 protein O43435 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001176 20439995 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Tbx1 plays a critical role in lymphatic vessel development and regulates the expression of Vegfr3, a gene that is essential for lymphangiogenesis. Tbx1 activates Vegfr3 transcription in endothelial cells (ECs) by binding to an enhancer element in the Vegfr3 gene." SIGNOR-251869 MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257433 STOM protein P27105 UNIPROT "4.1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C386 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 33187473 t lperfetto "The cytoskeleton plays a key role in maintaining the morphology and function of erythrocyte membranes. Many proteins, such as ankyrin, spectrin alpha- and beta-chains, proteins 4.1, or 4.1R and actin, cover the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane to form two protein complexes, the ankyrin and protein 4.1 complex| the latter consists of Band 3 dimers binding Adducins alpha and beta, Glycophorin C, GLUT1 and Stomatin [15, 16]" SIGNOR-266040 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr226 HLQPGHPtPPPTPVP 10090 BTO:0000944 10567568 t "Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) phosphorylates T222 and T226, causing a conformational change in C/EBPα. GSK3-mediated phosphorylation does not, in itself, dramatically alter the activity of C/EBPα in our assays. phosphorylation of C/EBPalpha and other substrates by GSK3 may be required for adipogenesis, since treatment of differentiating preadipocytes with lithium inhibits their conversion to adipocytes." SIGNOR-251231 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 10558990 t lperfetto "The rsks phosphorylate the trascription factor creb at serine 133 to promote cell survival." SIGNOR-72117 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-153417 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TSPY1 protein Q01534 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr300 PPEEGTEtSGDSQLL -1 16426576 t llicata "CK2-dependent C-terminal phosphorylation at T300 directs the nuclear transport of TSPY protein" SIGNOR-250969 BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL 9606 23716717 t llicata "Bmx phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (fak) at tyr577 subsequent to its src-mediated phosphorylation at tyr576. Loss of bmx by rna interference or by genetic deletion in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mefs) markedly impaired fak activity." SIGNOR-202139 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM22 protein Q8IYM9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271080 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT CDX2/PAX6/P300 complex SIGNOR-C33 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10506141 t lperfetto "In the present study, we investigated the interaction of cdx-2 and pax-6 with p300, a co-activator coupled to the basal transcription machinery. In transient transfection-expression experiments, we found that the transactivating effects of cdx-2 and pax-6 on the glucagon gene were greatly enhanced by the additional expression of p300." SIGNOR-70954 "Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C473 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270437 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CDKN2D protein P55273 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser76 VQDTSGTsPVHDAAR 9606 22558186 t lperfetto "Cdk2 and pka were found to participate in p19ink4d phosphorylation process and that they would mediate serine 76 and threonine 141 modifications respectively. Nuclear translocation of p19ink4d induced by dna damage was shown to be dependent on serine 76 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-197285 RBCK1 protein Q9BYM8 UNIPROT BACH1 protein O14867 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 17682061 t miannu "HOIL-1 bound Bach1 in vivo and thus stimulated its polyubiquitination in vitro. These results suggest that heme regulates the polyubiquitination of Bach1 and subsequent degradation and that HOIL-1 may function as an E3 ligase in this process." SIGNOR-236971 KRT14 protein P02533 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11684708 t Regulation miannu "TRADD specifically bound K18 and K14, type I (acidic) keratins. it is possible that epidermal K14 may function as an inhibitor of TNF–TNFR1 signaling through an association with TRADD." SIGNOR-251906 NLGN1 protein Q8N2Q7 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9HDB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264169 ABT-737 chemical CID:11228183 PUBCHEM BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271;BTO:0000776;BTO:0000785 17200714 t gcesareni "A cell-permeant compound, abt-737, binds with high affinity to bcl2, bcl2l1, and bcl2l2, antagonizes their antiapoptotic function, and induces apoptosis in select human tumor cell lines, primary patient-derived cells." SIGNOR-151781 FABP4 protein P15090 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264458 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22689058 f irozzo "Our results suggest that RUNX1 and EVI1 could be regulating each other. RUNX1 would activate EVI1 transcription, and when highly expressed, EVI1 could bind to RUNX1 at protein level, inhibiting its activity as a transcription factor, acting in a negative feedback." SIGNOR-255715 manganese(2+) chemical CHEBI:29035 ChEBI "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "The BRCA1‚ÄìC complex consisting of BRCA1, Mre11:Rad50:Nbs1 (collectively known as the MRN complex) and CtIP plays a role in DSB end resection, a process that also involves EXO1 and DNA2" SIGNOR-269476 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14967450 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." lperfetto "The molecular requirements for diacylglycerol (dag) and calcium (ca2+) to promote pkc membrane translocation, the hallmark of pkc activation, have been clarified." SIGNOR-242587 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser290 GRIVARNsRKMAFRA -1 9677319 t llicata "CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin." SIGNOR-250948 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1763 TPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248789 PRDM16 protein Q9HAZ2 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 18719582 f fspada "Loss of prdm16 from brown fat precursors causes a loss of brown fat characteristics and promotes muscle differentiation. Conversely, ectopic expression of prdm16 in myoblasts induces their differentiation into brown fat cells." SIGNOR-180301 PTP4A3 protein O75365 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser432 SAYGGLTsPGLSYSL 9606 BTO:0000586 19115206 t "the cytoskeletal intermediate filament keratin 8 (KRT8) was identified as a physiological PRL-3-interacting protein. Indeed, treatment with the PRL-3 inhibitor effectively suppressed the phosphorylation of KRT8 at S73 and S431" SIGNOR-248341 TP53INP1 protein Q96A56 UNIPROT GABARAPL2 protein P60520 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22421968 t gcesareni "In this work, we show that tp53inp1 is also able to interact with atg8-family proteins and to induce autophagy-dependent cell death. mammalian cells contain multiple atg8 orthologs belonging to three subfamilies: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, -aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (gabarap) and -aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein like 2 (gabarapl2)." SIGNOR-196667 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser286 TSGGVSEsPSGFSKH 9606 21765472 t lperfetto "Chk1 itself is also subject to cdk-mediated phosphorylation at serines 286 and 301 (s286 and 301). We show that chk1 s301 phosphorylation increases as cells progress through s and g2 and that both cdk1 and cdk2 are likely to contribute to this modification in vivo. We also find that substitution of s286 and s301 with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues strongly attenuates dna damage-induced chk1 activation and g2 checkpoint proficiency" SIGNOR-175079 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 21502402 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 68 of twist1 by mapks stabilizes twist1 protein and promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness. this ser 68 is phosphorylated by p38, c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnk), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 in vitro" SIGNOR-270209 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr203 ILLARRPtKGIHEYD 9534 12399457 t miannu "PKA directly phosphorylates Galpha(13). Galpha(13)-T203A mutant (in COS-7 cells) could not be phosphorylated by PKA. PKA blocks Rho activation by phosphorylation of Galpha(13) Thr(203)." SIGNOR-249985 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser705 TPSAMKSsPQIPHQT 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3.alanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.we found that the phosphatases cdc14a and cdc14b (cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to erk3 and reverse its c-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis." SIGNOR-164412 XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 30327428 f "A coordinated repair process mediated by the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group proteins (XPs), which include XPA through XPG. XPA is indispensable in this pathway and has reported functions in DNA damage verification, stabilization of repair intermediates and positioning of NER factors" SIGNOR-258984 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001033 29207681 t miannu "JMJD2C was found to be co-localized with AR and LSD1 in the epithelium of prostate carcinoma and normal prostate cells. For the detailed mechanism, JMJD2C, AR and LSD1 assembled on the chromatin to remove the methyl groups from mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K9. Importantly, JMJD2C specifically removed the demethylation of the trimethyl H3K9 marks and modulated the transcriptional activity of AR. Moreover, JMJD2C cooperated with LSD1 and activated AR-mediated gene expression via decreasing H3K9me3 at the promoter of AR targeting genes KLK2 and PSA." SIGNOR-263880 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1899 SPTYSPTsPVYTPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120236 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1766 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120032 SLC30A9 protein Q6PML9 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 11782429 t lperfetto "Lnx functions as a ring type e3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the cell fate determinant numb for ubiquitin-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-113704 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1280 QVILAKAsQEHHLSE 9606 BTO:0002181 11114888 t llicata "Of the four potential phosphoacceptor sites in the BRCA1 (1005–1313) fragment (Ser 1143, Ser 1239, Ser 1280, Ser 1298), Ala substitutions at two sites, Ser 1143 and Ser 1280, reduced the in vitro phosphorylation of GST–BRCA1 (1005–1313) by ATR, whereas substitution of Ser 1239 or Ser 1298 with Ala had little or no effect (Fig. 2C; data not shown). A Ser 1143/Ser 1280 double mutant was a poor substrate for ATR, suggesting that these are the two major in vitro phosphorylation sites on this BRCA1 fragment. | Together, these results demonstrate that ATR and BRCA1 are components of the same genotoxic stress-responsive pathway, and that ATR directly phosphorylates BRCA1 in response to damaged DNA or stalled DNA replication." SIGNOR-250582 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT RASA1 protein P20936 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr460 TVDGKEIyNTIRRKT 9606 1850098 t llicata "We conclude that tyr-460 is a site of gap tyrosine phosphorylation by the egf receptor in vitro and likely in vivo. Gap tyr-460 is located immediately c terminal to the second gap sh2 domain, suggesting that its phosphorylation might have a role in regulating protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-21875 PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "IPP complex" complex SIGNOR-C380 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 16493410 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), and isoforms of particularly interesting Cys-His-rich protein (PINCH) and parvin form the IPP complex (Fig. 2) in the cytoplasm, and this complex is recruited to focal adhesions through interactions with other factors, such as paxillin." SIGNOR-265767 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser623 NRHSLPFsLPSQMEP 9606 BTO:0000782 11024037 t lperfetto "However, under normal conditions, PKC activation resulting from CD43 engagement was required to activate the MAPK pathway, suggesting that phosphorylation of Cbl on serine residues by PKC and its association with 14-3-3 molecules may play a role in preventing the Cbl inhibitory effect on the Ras-MAPK pathway. " SIGNOR-249055 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GNMT protein Q14749 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser10 DSVYRTRsLGVAAEG -1 12697024 t miannu "Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by dibutyryl-cAMP, reported to cause GNMT phosphorylation under cell-free conditions, also had little effect on hepatocytic AdoMet and AdoHcy levels. Phosphorylation of GNMT would thus seem to play no role in regulation of the intracellular AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio, but could be involved in other GNMT functions, such as the binding of folates or aromatic hydrocarbons. The amino acid sequence surrounding Ser-10 (Val-Tyr-Arg-Thr-Arg-SerLeu-Gly-Val-Ala-Ala) could possibly qualify as a recognition site for AMPK as well as for PKA [32], the latter enzyme being capable of phosphorylating GNMT in intact hepatocytes (present study) as well as under cell-free conditions" SIGNOR-263151 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr125 VDPDNEAyEMPSEEG 9534 BTO:0000298 12096713 t lperfetto "The present report demonstrates that the protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2/RAFTK is involved in cell stress-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of alpha S. Hyperosmotic stress induced tyrosine phosphorylation of alpha S via Pyk2/RAFTK at tyrosine residue 125." SIGNOR-249151 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT GTF2A1L protein Q9UNN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser357 DGSGDTSsNEEIGST -1 12107178 t llicata "ALF was able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA, but it could not stabilize TBP mutants A184E, N189E, E191R, and R205E nor could it facilitate binding of the TBP-like factor TRF2/TLF to a consensus TATA element. However, phosphorylation of ALF with casein kinase II resulted in the partial restoration of complex formation using mutant TBPs. | Because the residues involved (Ser-280, Ser-281, Ser-316, and Ser-321) are conserved in ALF (Ser-356, Ser-357, Ser-418, and Ser-423), we tested whether its activity might also be affected by this modification. We first showed that ALF and TFIIAα/β polypeptides incubated with casein kinase II and [γ-32P]ATP could be labeled." SIGNOR-250992 CyclinE1/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C546 SIGNOR CABLES1 protein Q8TDN4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser273 PGQGGSTsAFEQLQR -1 11733001 t llicata "Here, we report that Ser274 of p70ik3-1 is phosphorylated by cdk2 or cdk3 bound to cyclin A and to cyclin E in vitro. We also found that in COS7 cells in which cyclin E and cdk3 were ectopically overexpressed, the phosphorylation level of Ser274 in coexpressed p70ik3-1 is upregulated. We therefore conclude that p70ik3-1 is a substrate for cdk3-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273183 "prostaglandin D2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57406 ChEBI PTGDR protein Q13258 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257568 SB-202190 chemical CHEBI:79090 ChEBI MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206694 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr514 TTTPKGGtPAGSARG 9606 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-145987 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR G0/G1_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH219 SIGNOR up-regulates 12640120 f lperfetto "Transition through this point requires cdk6/4-cyclin D, since inhibition with TAT-p16INK4A during the first 3 to 5 h prevents cell cycle entry and maintains both naive and memory T cells in G0." SIGNOR-273193 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS -1 9199504 t miannu "Phosphorylation of tau by SAPK3 and SAPK4 markedly reduced the ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly. SAPK3 (also called ERK6 and p38) and SAPK4 phosphorylate recombinant tau protein at multiple Ser/Thr-Pro sites that are hyperphosphorylated in PHF-tau, with SAPK4 and SAPK3 being the most effective." SIGNOR-250088 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr14 VEKIGEGtYGVVYKA 9606 22263797 t gcesareni "Cell division cycle 25 a (cdc25a), a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, is one of the most crucial cell cycle regulators, which removes the inhibitory phosphorylation in cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), such as cdk2, cdk4, and cdk6, and positively regulates the activities of cdks that lead to cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-195521 olanzapine chemical CHEBI:7735 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000601 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258509 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 YLEMDLSsPQTRYIP 9606 BTO:0000149 20937773 t lperfetto "In this study, we demonstrate that procaspase-8 is phosphorylated in mitotic cells by cdk1na interference-mediated silencing of cyclin b1 or treatment with the cdk1 inhibitor ro-3306 enhances the fas-mediated activation and processing of procaspase-8 in mitotic cells/cyclin b1 on ser-387" SIGNOR-216737 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser325 EQLSRELsTLRNLFK -1 1314426 t llicata "These studies implicate Ser276 of CIEBPP as the major in vim phosphorylation site for CaMKII. | Phosphorylation of serine at position 276 within the leucine zipper of C/EBP beta appeared to confer calcium-regulated transcriptional stimulation of a promoter that contained binding sites for C/EBP beta." SIGNOR-250617 PGM2 protein Q96G03 UNIPROT "2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:11563 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17804405 t miannu "Biochemical characterization of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isozymes indicated that one of them, designated PGM2 in man (PGM1 in mouse) was more active as a phosphopentomutase than as a phosphoglucomutase, whereas mammalian PGM1 (equivalent to PGM2 in mouse) has a phosphopentomutase activity representing only about 0.2% of its phosphoglucomutase activity. Phosphopentomutase catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses." SIGNOR-267094 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT TRAF5 protein O00463 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19632174 t gcesareni "Upon stimulation of the tumor necrosis factor receptor1 (tnfr1), tnf-receptor-associated death domain (tradd) provides a scaffold for the assembly of complex i at the plasma membrane by binding receptor interacting protein 1 (rip1), tnfreceptor-associated factor 2 ,traf2." SIGNOR-187058 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1001 SKESEHDsDESSDDD 9606 BTO:0000661 10066810 t llicata "Mutational analysis of CK2 consensus sites showed that the target for CK2 was in an acidic insert of 19 amino acids in the D2 domain, and Ser to Ala mutations at amino acids 965, 968, 969, and 973 abrogated CK2 phosphorylation of CD45. CK2 phosphorylation increased CD45 activity 3-fold toward phosphorylated myelin basic protein, and this increase was reversible by PP2A treatment. " SIGNOR-251032 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr450 TAQMITItPPDQDDS 9606 20186153 t gcesareni "Several stps have been reported to negatively regulate akt pathway. It has been shown that pp1 dephosphorylates akt and regulates cell survival." SIGNOR-163961 PCSK2 protein P16519 UNIPROT IAPP protein P10997 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg33 ESHQVEKrKCNTATC -1 10931181 t lperfetto "The processing of proinsulin to insulin occurs in the secretory granules at the C-terminal end of pairs of basic amino acids, Arg31-Arg32 and Lys64-Arg65 [9,10]. Following cleavage, by the prohormone convertases, PC3 (also known as PC1) and PC2, the pair of basic amino acids are removed rapidly by carboxypeptidase E (CPE) to produce the mature insulin molecule" SIGNOR-261791 SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15870273 f lperfetto "We observed that the homeodomain factor pbx1, which cooperates with myod to stimulate myogenin expression, is constitutively bound to the myogenin promoter in a swi/snf-independent manner, suggesting a two-step mechanism in which myod initially interacts indirectly with the myogenin promoter and attracts chromatin-remodeling enzymes, which then facilitate direct binding by MyoD and other regulatory proteins." SIGNOR-136945 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7566092 t lperfetto "Here we show that activated forms of mNotch associate with the human analogue of Su(H), KBF2/RBP-J kappa (refs 8,9) and act as transcriptional activators through the KBF2-binding sites of the HES-1 promoter." SIGNOR-209590 KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22303254 f "Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins are epigenetic regulators that control gene expression through modulating chromatin structure and addition of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on histones" SIGNOR-268626 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser101 GSHRDQGsSALSGVG 9606 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway / these results suggest that ck2 kinase directly phosphorylates amino acids 13, 23, 63, 101 and 294 in vivo" SIGNOR-174820 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 15125842 t "The IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway, which has been shown to induce hypertrophy, prevents induction of requisite atrophy mediators, namely the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases MAFbx and MuRF1. Moreover, the mechanism for this inhibition involves Akt-mediated inhibition of the FoxO family of transcription factors;" SIGNOR-256258 spermidine smallmolecule CHEBI:16610 ChEBI Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14617280 f apalma "Cell proliferation is highly dependent on the synthesis of polyamines, which are derived from arginine metabolism" SIGNOR-255553 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT IEX-1L protein O75353 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9703517 f gcesareni "Transcription factors of the nuclear factor-kappab/rel (nf-kappab) family may be important in cell survival by regulating unidentified, anti-apoptotic genes. One such gene that protects cells from apoptosis induced by fas or tumor necrosis factor type alpha (tnf), iex-1l, is described here. Its transcription induced by tnf was decreased in cells with defective nf-kappab activation, rendering them sensitive to tnf-induced apoptosis, which was abolished by transfection with iex-1l." SIGNOR-59539 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 NSLTPKStPVKTLPF 9606 SIGNOR-C83 9840932 t lperfetto "The cell-cycle regulated transcription factor b-myb is phosphorylated by cyclin a/cdk2 at sites that enhance its transactivation properties. we show that b-myb is phosphorylated at thr447, thr490, thr497 and ser581 by cyclin a/cdk3" SIGNOR-62357 "monoisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:132593 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268781 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT KIZ protein Q2M2Z5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr379 WSTSSDLtISISEDD 9606 16980960 t lperfetto "Here, we identify a novel centrosomal substrate of plk1, kizuna (kiz), depletion of which causes fragmentation and dissociation of the pericentriolar material from centrioles at prometaphase, resulting in multipolar spindles. Plk1 maintains the integrity of the spindle poles by phosphorylating kiz." SIGNOR-149630 CyclinY/CDK16 complex SIGNOR-C540 SIGNOR PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 DSREDEIsPPPPNPV 9606 BTO:0000567 25605337 t lperfetto "PCTK1 regulates spindle orientation in a kinase-dependent manner. Phosphoproteomic analysis together with an RNA interference screen revealed that PCTK1 regulates spindle orientation through phosphorylation of Ser83 on KAP0, a regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA)" SIGNOR-273014 KCNS3 protein Q9BQ31 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 10029 BTO:0000246 10484328 t miannu "We describe the cloning and characterization of the first human members, hKv9.1 and hKv9.3, of the electrically silent delayed-rectifying-like K+ channel subfamily." SIGNOR-269448 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT COX7C protein P15954 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9092564 f miannu "Mutation of both YY1 sites eliminates most of the promoter activity. Mutation at the upstream YY1 site significantly reduces the efficiency of transcript initiation at the major start site and thus plays the dominant role in COX7C regulation." SIGNOR-255617 CyclinY/CDK14 complex SIGNOR-C541 SIGNOR LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1490 AILNPPPsPATERSH 9606 BTO:0000599 24794231 t lperfetto "Compared with the wild-type CDK14, CDK14D256A mutant showed 2-fold reduced phosphorylation of LRP6 at Ser-1490, a known substrate of the CDK14/CCNY complex| It is also reported to be required for maximal phosphorylation of LRP6 on Ser 1490 and activation of Wnt signaling " SIGNOR-273015 CXCL12 protein P48061 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11859124 t gcesareni "To study the role of the sdf-1/cxcr4-chemokine/receptor system as a regulator of vertebrate development, we isolated and characterized a cdna encoding sdf-1 of the lower vertebrate xenopus laevis (xsdf-1). Recombinant xsdf-1 was produced in insect cells, purified, and functionally characterized. Although xsdf-1 is only 64-66% identical with its mammalian counterparts, it is indistinguishable from human (h)sdf-1alpha in terms of activating both x. laevis cxcr4 and hcxcr4. Thus, both xsdf-1 and hsdf-1alpha promoted cxcr4-mediated activation of heterotrimeric g(i2) in a cell-free system and induced release of intracellular calcium ions in and chemotaxis of intact lymphoblastic cells." SIGNOR-115029 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT OGG1 protein O15527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16293709 t miannu "Using gel-shift assays, we showed that p53 binds to its putative cis-elements within the hOGG1 promoter. In addition we demonstrated that supplementing p53 in HCT116p53-/- cells enhanced the transcription of hOGG1." SIGNOR-255440 SDC3 protein O75056 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002314 20696709 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we show that Syndecan-3 interacts with Notch and is required for Notch processing by ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-€“converting enzyme (TACE) and signal transduction. Together, our data support the conclusion that Syndecan-3 and Notch cooperate in regulating homeostasis of the satellite cell population and myofiber size." SIGNOR-244072 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr58 KKFELLPtPPLSPSR 9606 14563837 t gcesareni "Conversely, overexpression of gsk-3 alpha or gsk-3 beta enhances thr-58 phosphorylation and ubiquitination of c-myc" SIGNOR-118844 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT PAM protein P19021 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser946 DRLSTEGsDQEKEDD 9606 BTO:0004055 10574929 t lperfetto "Although P-CIP2 interacts with stathmin, it does not phosphorylate stathmin. Site-directed mutagenesis, phosphoamino acid analysis, and use of synthetic peptides demonstrate that PAM-Ser(949) is the major site phosphorylated by P-CIP2. B" SIGNOR-247009 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI DRD4 protein P21917 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258555 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFB protein Q9Y5Q3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18042454 t miannu "We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity." SIGNOR-159473 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT PDE4A protein P27815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser152 SFLYRSDsDYDMSPK 9606 BTO:0000801 21323643 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cAMP-specific PDE4A5 (phosphodiesterase-4A5) by MK2 (MAPKAPK2) attenuates its activation through protein kinase A phosphorylation. In the present study, we show that PDE4A5 is phosphorylated at Ser147, within the regulatory UCR1 (ultraconserved region 1) domain conserved among PDE4 long isoforms, by MK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2, also called MAPKAPK2). Phosphorylation by MK2, although not altering PDE4A5 activity, markedly attenuates PDE4A5 activation through phosphorylation by protein kinase A. This modification confers the amplification of intracellular cAMP accumulation in response to adenylate cyclase activation by attenuating a major desensitization system to cAMP." SIGNOR-263078 CDK16 protein Q00536 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 9606 BTO:0000567 25205104 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assays showed PCTAIRE1 phosphorylates p27 at Ser10. PCTAIRE1 silencing modulated Ser10 phosphorylation on p27 and led to its accumulation in cancer cells but not in nontransformed cells.|Together our findings reveal an unexpected role for PCTAIRE1 in regulating p27 stability, mitosis, and tumor growth, suggesting PCTAIRE1 as a candidate cancer therapeutic target." SIGNOR-273016 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-270251 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 14960576 t lperfetto "Ciap1 and ciap2 undergo autoubiquitination and degradation upon binding to the iap antagonist second mitochondrial activator of caspases (smac)/direct iap-binding protein with low pi (diablo), which is released from the mitochondria." SIGNOR-121877 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 BTO:0000938 12040039 t lperfetto "Stress in primary cultured cns neurons induces phosphorylation of c-jun serines 63 and 73 and increased c-jun protein. Thus, neuronal stress selectively activates JNK2/3 in the presence of mechanisms maintaining constitutive JNK1 activity, and this JNK2/3 activity selectively targets c-Jun, which is isolated from constitutive JNK1 activity." SIGNOR-236149 LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser89 AQHVRSHsSPASLQL 9606 22658639 t miannu "In response to high cell densities, activated LATS1/2 phosphorylates the WW-domain containing transcriptional co-activators YAP at Ser127 and TAZ at Ser89, promoting 14-3-3 binding and thereby inhibiting their translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-256187 PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 21918248 t gcesareni "Phospholypase c is an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (p(4,5)p(2)) into second messangers inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (ins(1,4,5)p3) and dag." SIGNOR-176609 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr813 GDNVLINtYSGVLKI 9606 17937911 t lperfetto "Reporter gene assays showed that all three identified in vitro autophosphorylation sites (thr813, thr838, thr842) regulate ask1 signalingmutation of thr838 drastically reduced reporter gene activity when compared to unstimulated control levels. Interestingly, mutation of the other two sites also provided a significant reduction in ask1 function (figure 6a), suggesting that autophosphorylation at the residues thr842 and thr813 regulates ask1 signaling." SIGNOR-158423 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-252728 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253489 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PLIN1 protein O60240 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser81 EPVVRRLsTQFTAAN 10090 BTO:0000944 11751901 t miannu "PKA increased lipolysis in cells expressing Peri A because it abrogated the inhibitory actions of Peri A on lipolysis.  amino-terminal PKA sites (Ser-81, Ser-222, and Ser-276)" SIGNOR-250492 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr387 HKKLMFKtEGPDSD 9606 BTO:0001321 15659650 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation by chk1 of at least three of these sites, Ser366, Ser378, and Thr387, was induced by DNA damage." SIGNOR-217861 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CCNF protein P41002 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser621 GYEGDQEsEGEKEGD 9606 29021214 t miannu "We determined that casein kinase II (CK2) can phosphorylate Ser621 and thereby regulate the E3 ligase activity of the SCF(cyclin F) complex." SIGNOR-266373 MAGED1 protein Q9Y5V3 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887 20646279 f gcesareni "These data demonstrate for the first time that maged1 is an important factor required for proper skeletal myoblast differentiation and muscle healing." SIGNOR-166896 HLTF protein Q14527 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 11756191 f "Regulation of transcription" miannu "DNA-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (helicaselike transcription factor) activates beta-globin transcription in K562 cells. Overexpression of HLTF in K562 cells does not affect the endogenous levels of gamma- and epsilon-globin message, but it markedly activates beta-globin transcription." SIGNOR-251812 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser146 PALEVSDsESDEALV 9606 10618498 t lperfetto "Serine residues 37 in the transactivation domain and 129, 144 and 146 in the pest domain of spi-b are phosphorylated by ckii in vitro. The ckii phosphorylation sites mapped in vitro are phosphorylated in vivo. Mutations of the ckii phosphorylation sites increase the ability of spi-b to transactivate. Spi-b phosphorylation by ckii reduces its stability" SIGNOR-73887 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24743741 f "To further investigate the signaling pathway through which PDGFRα promotes the proliferation of PDGFRα+ cells, we used inhibitors of PI3K-Akt and Ras-MAPK pathways, which are known to be downstream signaling pathways of PDGFRα" SIGNOR-254376 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser298 ACSSAPGsGPSSPNN 9606 21118993 t lperfetto "The double mutation of serines 298/302 into alanines, but also the sole mutation of serine 302, abolishes hdac4 phosphorylation by gsk3_we have shown that cells lacking gsk3_ are unable to degrade hdac4 after serum starvation" SIGNOR-170144 F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR Platelet_degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH138 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 23805129 f lperfetto "Inhibition of actin polymerization also augments the kinetics and degree of alpha-granule release (Flaumenhaft et al., 2005). These results suggest that F-actin disassembly might actually be required for normal granule secretion and that activation-mediated granule release is related to actin." SIGNOR-266000 AMER1 protein Q5JTC6 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C110 21304492 t gcesareni "Amer1 binds ck1gamma, recruits axin and gsk3beta to the plasma membrane and promotes complex formation between axin and lrp6." SIGNOR-171892 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2068 LLDEYNVtPSPPGTV 9606 BTO:0000007 12794074 t lperfetto "We show that gsk-3beta directly binds at c-terminal of the notch2 ankyrin repeats and phosphorylates thr-2068 and/or ser-2070, thr-2074, and thr-2093." SIGNOR-101570 DUSP9 protein Q99956 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21908610 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that inactivation of both erk1/2 and p38_ by dusp9/mkp-4 is mediated by a conserved arginine-rich kinase interaction motif located within the amino-terminal non-catalytic domain of the protein." SIGNOR-176583 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "carbamoyl phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58228 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24332717 t "In animals, the first three reactions of the pathway are catalyzed by CAD, an 240 kDa multifunctional protein that combines glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase (GLNCPSase), aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase), and dihydroorotase (DHOase) activities" SIGNOR-267194 MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Lats1 and Lats2 are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases." gcesareni "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1" SIGNOR-169755 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr82 HSMSVPTtPTLGFST 9606 17604322 t lperfetto "In colon cancer cells, the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway phosphorylates RXRalpha, which impairs its function as a heterodimeric partner for PPARgamma|A point‐mutated RXRalpha T82A/S260A, which mimics the unphosphorylated form of RXRalpha, can form a heterodimer with PPARgamma and thereby activate target gene expression by binding to the PPRE" SIGNOR-262958 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 22179044 t gcesareni "Notably, the fzd7 receptor complex was associated with g_?(s) and pi(3)k and these components were required for wnt7a to activate the akt/mtor growth pathway in myotubes. These data led us to hypothesize that g_?s Mediates the activation of pi3kinase following wnt7a binding to fzd7." SIGNOR-252678 "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR NXF1 protein Q9UBU9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 28831067 t lperfetto "SUN1, a component of the LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, functions in mammalian mRNA export through the NXF1-dependent pathway. It associates with mRNP complexes by direct interaction with NXF1." SIGNOR-263297 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20646316 f miannu "Individual genes upregulated by TWIST1 known to promote EMT and/or GBM invasion included SNAI2, MMP2, HGF, FAP and FN1." SIGNOR-255524 PGAM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF78 SIGNOR 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266516 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr23 ESPPVSDtPDEGDEP 9606 BTO:0001271 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-174856 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C3 19690328 t lperfetto "The complementary inhibitory mechanism in which mtorc1 phosphorylates the autophagy regulatory complex containing unc-51-like kinase 1 (ulk1), the mammalian atg13 protein, and focal adhesion kinase interacting protein of 200 kd (fip200) has also been elucidated." SIGNOR-187611 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16371461 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated gli3 can bind beta-trcp directly both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in polyubiquitination of gli3 and processing through proteasome activity" SIGNOR-143171 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPVVKRL 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-66775 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15489227 t lperfetto "Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained ikkalpha, ikkbeta, ikkepsilon, and tbk1. collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter." SIGNOR-216341 VDAC1 protein P21796 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 10365962 f lperfetto "Our results indicate that the Bcl-2 family of proteins bind to the VDAC in order to regulate the mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c during apoptosis." SIGNOR-249615 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253463 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22558186 t gcesareni "In this report, we characterize the binding of sh2(chk) to specific phosphotyrosine sites on the c-kit protein sequence. the sh2(chk) binding to the two sites is direct and not through phosphorylated intermediates such as fyn or shc. this indicates that chk binds to the same site on c-kit to which fyn binds, possibly bringing the two into proximity on associated c-kit subunits and leading to the down-regulation of fyn by chk." SIGNOR-197281 tiotropium chemical CHEBI:90960 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8441333 t miannu "A newly developed compound, Ba 679 BR (abbreviated Ba 679) proved to be a highly potent muscarinic antagonist in guinea pig tracheal rings. Its binding to human receptors (Hm1, Hm2, Hm3) was characterized by KD-values in the 10(-10) M concentration range.he drug showed ""kinetic receptor subtype selectivity"" by having a more rapid dissociation from Hm2 than from Hm1 and Hm3 receptors." SIGNOR-258484 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser472 TQREGVSsLDSSSLS 9606 10893229 t gcesareni "In response to a viral infection, phosphorylated on ser-477 and ser-479 by tbk1 and ikbke1. Phosphorylation, and subsequent activation is inhibited by vaccinia virus protein e3." SIGNOR-79143 SLITRK1 protein Q96PX8 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19640509 f miannu "Phosphorylation of SLITRK1 on the CK2 phosphorylation site modulated SLITRK1-enhanced neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-273658 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser55 TSRSLYAsSPGGVYA 9606 7983050 t llicata "These results strongly suggest that cdc2 kinase is the kinase which phosphorylates vimentin ser55 in the entire cytoplasm during mitosis and that the appearance of immunoreactivities with antibody 4a4 in cell staining indeed reflect the vimentin phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase. immunofluorescent evidence using antibody 4a4 and biochemical analysis using vimentin ser55 peptide showed that the degree of disassembly of vimentin filament of various cell types at early mitotic phase correlated well with the amount of mitotically activated cdc2 kinase." SIGNOR-35492 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000797 27340238 f "These alterations corresponded to mutant KRAS and BRAF-dependent increases in glucose uptake and lactate production. Metabolic reprogramming and glucose conversion to lactate in RKO cells were proportional to levels of BRAF V600E protein." SIGNOR-259372 GALNT8 protein Q9NY28 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" glycosylation 9606 35220009 t miannu "Interestingly, the O-GalNAcylation of EGFR, which is the key factor related to the metastasis cascade, was impacted by GALNT8. Furthermore, our results suggested that the GALNT8-mediated O-GalNAcylation led to the suppression of the EGFR signaling pathway and metastatic potential in breast cancer cells. " SIGNOR-269679 GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0000195 24317510 f lperfetto "Many GATA6-dependent genes lacked nearby binding sites but several strongly dependent, synexpressed and GATA6-bound genes encode TFs such as MYC, HES1, RARB and CDX2." SIGNOR-253153 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000848 21087211 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Specifically, 14-3-3 binds to p90(rsk)-phosphorylated ser?_??_ Of capic?_A thereby modulating dna binding to its hmg (high-mobility group) box, whereas erk phosphorylations prevent binding of a c-terminal nls (nuclear localization sequence) to importin ?4 (kpna3)[...] These results suggest that erk phosphorylation of ser1382 and ser1409 masks the nls and prevents its binding to kpna3" SIGNOR-270090 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT ANOS1 protein P23352 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268872 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19567879 f lperfetto "We demonstrate that IL-4dependent Jmjd3 expression is mediated by STAT6, a major transcription factor of IL-4mediated signaling. After IL-4 stimulation, activated STAT6 is increased and binds to consensus sites at the Jmjd3 promoter." SIGNOR-249539 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23542036 f miannu "We show here that EAPP stimulates the MDR1 promoter resulting in higher PGP levels. Independently of EAPP, E2F1 also increases the activity of the MDR1 promoter." SIGNOR-253841 RERE protein Q9P2R6 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000932 11331249 t miannu "We detected RERE protein mainly in the nucleus, where it colocalizes with the promyelocytic leukemia protein in promyelocytic leukemia oncogenic domains (PODs). Overexpression of RERE recruits a fraction of the proapoptotic protein BAX to PODS: This observation correlates with RERE-induced apoptosis, which occurs in a caspase-dependent manner." SIGNOR-264485 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000562 16682003 t lperfetto "Here we show that hrt2 and hes1 interact with rbp-jkappa to negatively regulate notch-dependent activation of hrt and hes expression." SIGNOR-209756 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 KELEKRAsGQAFELI 9606 BTO:0000661 9686569 t gcesareni "Stimulation via cd2 activated multiple signal transduction pathways, resulting in phosphorylation of distinct sites of stathmin. Ser16 of recombinant human stathmin was phosphorylated also by purified cam kinase ii, and in vivo, cam kinase ii activity was indeed stimulated in cd2-triggered jurkat cells." SIGNOR-59358 sapitinib chemical CHEBI:132986 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20145185 t "AZD8931 has a unique pharmacologic profile providing equipotent EGFR, erbB2, and erbB3 signaling and showing greater antitumor activity than agents with a narrower spectrum of erbB receptor inhibition in specific preclinical models." gcesareni "In vivo, azd8931 inhibited xenograft growth in a range of models while significantly affecting egfr, erbb2, and erbb3 phosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways, apoptosis, and proliferation." SIGNOR-163727 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser320 QRSRKRLsQDAYRRN 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89162 SMOC1 protein Q9H4F8 UNIPROT Angiotensin-2 protein P01019-PRO_0000032458 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 10090 30127878 f lperfetto "In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that SMOC1 silencing suppressed the Ang II-induced myocardial fibrosis of mouse MFBs through affecting the BMP2/Smad signaling pathway." SIGNOR-260403 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT CYP24A1 protein Q07973 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 28363951 f lperfetto "These PTH actions are mainly mediated by Gsalpha signaling, which induces the expression of the gene encoding 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1) and destabilizes the transcript encoding vitamin D 24-hydroxylase (Cyp24a1)" SIGNOR-270555 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22926518 t miannu "The activated TGFβ type I receptor kinase propagates the signal within the cell through phosphorylation of the receptor-regulated (R-)Smad proteins Smad2 and Smad3 at their extreme carboxyl-terminal serine residues.1, 2 The activated R-Smads then form heteromeric complexes with the common-partner (Co-)Smad, Smad4, and accumulate in the nucleus, where they can bind DNA and regulate gene expression. The Smads control gene expression in a cell type-specific manner by interacting with other proteins, such as AP-1, AP-2 and Ets transcription factors and specific co-activators and co-repressors." SIGNOR-256181 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr638 TRGQPVLtPPDQLVI 9606 15277524 t lperfetto "Pkc is frequently autophosphorylated on two c-terminal sites, the turn motif (thr- 638 in human pkc) and the hydrophobic site (ser-657 in human pkc). Thus, it is becoming clear that autophosphorylation of pkc can be a regulated event and that it has significant impact on pkc function" SIGNOR-127257 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser93 ALQRQPPsPKQLEEE -1 10206983 t miannu "The noncatalytic N terminus of HePTP binds Erk and p38 and is phosphorylated at Ser-72 and Thr-45 by these kinases. the N terminus of HePTP binds Erk and p38 but may release them upon phosphorylation.it is clear that phosphorylation of HePTP at Thr-45 and/or Ser-72 is not required for inhibition of MAP kinase. Rather, it seems that phosphorylation has the opposite effect, namely to lessen the inhibitory effect of HePTP." SIGNOR-250109 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser531 GSRSRTPsLPTPPTR 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251589 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1037 IGNSNHGsQSPRNVE 23858473 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on Fig 5" lperfetto "We also identified EVI1 phosphorylation sites by MS analysis and showed that Ser538 and Ser858 can be phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by two EVI1 interactome proteins, casein kinase II and protein phosphatase-1α. Finally, mutations that impair EVI1 phosphorylation at these sites reduced EVI1 DNA binding through its C-terminal zinc finger domain and induced cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-273427 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 23836662 f miannu "We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254154 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 1756735 t gcesareni "The retinoblastoma gene product (prb) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is thought to play a key role in the negative regulation of cellular proliferation. The active form of prb is underphosphorylated. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to potential cdc2 phosphorylation sites, we have developed a strategy which has allowed the identification of five sites. S249, t252, t373, s807 and s811 are phosphorylated in vivo, and in each case these sites correspond closely to the consensus sequence for phosphorylation by p34cdc2." SIGNOR-21556 ICOSLG protein O75144 UNIPROT ICOS protein Q9Y6W8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27559335 t "ICOSL expression is largely restricted to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including B cells [in which ICOSL is regulated by BAFFR and non-canonical NFκB signaling (20)], macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) (12, 17, 21, 22), but is also expressed by certain endothelial cells (23) and lung epithelium" SIGNOR-272497 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr57 NFDFVTEtPLEGDFA 9606 19364816 t lperfetto "We have shown that erk2 interacts with and phosphorylates p21cip1, promoting p21cip1_ubiquitination. We identified two erk2 phosphorylation sites, thr57 and ser130, in p21cip1_and showed that phosphorylation of these residues increases p21cip1_cytoplasmic distribution and proteasome-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-185219 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15694340 t lperfetto "Only bimbh3 and bbc3 had comparable strong affinitiesfor all the prosurvival proteins. The members that promote cell survival, including mammalian bcl-2, bcl-xl,bcl-w, mcl-1, and a1." SIGNOR-133808 "Non-structural protein 10" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037317 UNIPROT IFTAP protein Q86VG3 UNIPROT unknown binding 4932 18433331 t lperfetto "In our previous work, we isolated a gene from a cDNA library of human embryo lung tissue, which en- coded a novel protein that specifically interacted with nsp-10 of SARS-CoV in a yeast trap experiment.|Since nsp- 10 of SARS-CoV is involved in viral genomic replica- tion and was observed to interact with ATF5, the cellular initiation factor of the RNA pol II complex (13), we in- ferred that HEPIS may also be involved in cellular gene transcription. Therefore, the significance of HEPIS ex- pression in cells needed to be further investigated. The work we describe here suggests that HEPIS represses cel- lular transcription initiation through interaction with a component of the RNA pol II complex" SIGNOR-260251 TADA3 protein O75528 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269584 PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12626569 t miannu "The positive regulatory domain i binding factor 1 (prdi-bf1 or blimp-1) protein represses the transcription of specific target genes, including c-myc, the mhc class ii trans-activator, pax-5, and cd23b" SIGNOR-99119 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19255092 t miannu "We also show that CHD8 associates with the elongating form of RNAPII, which is phosphorylated in its carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). Furthermore, CHD8-depleted cells are hypersensitive to drugs that inhibit RNAPII phosphorylation at serine 2, suggesting that CHD8 is required for an early step of the RNAPII transcription cycle." SIGNOR-268806 IFNA2 protein P01563 UNIPROT "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 22171011 t 2 miannu "IFN-I (IFN-_ and IFN-_) induces the assembly of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a multimeric transcriptional activation complex composed of STAT1, STAT2, and IFN regulatory factor 9." SIGNOR-240684 miR-495 mirna URS000075C517_9606 RNAcentral Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26055960 f miannu "Our results suggest that activating mutation of FLT3 in AML can lead, through the induction of JUN, to an increased expression of miR-155, which then causes down-regulation of SPI1 and CEBPB and consequently may causes block of myeloid differentiation." SIGNOR-255801 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser726 PLKMEPQsPGEVKKL 23858473 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on Fig 5" lperfetto "We also identified EVI1 phosphorylation sites by MS analysis and showed that Ser538 and Ser858 can be phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by two EVI1 interactome proteins, casein kinase II and protein phosphatase-1α. Finally, mutations that impair EVI1 phosphorylation at these sites reduced EVI1 DNA binding through its C-terminal zinc finger domain and induced cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-273428 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1037 IGNSNHGsQSPRNVE 23858473 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on Fig 5" lperfetto "We also identified EVI1 phosphorylation sites by MS analysis and showed that Ser538 and Ser858 can be phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by two EVI1 interactome proteins, casein kinase II and protein phosphatase-1α. Finally, mutations that impair EVI1 phosphorylation at these sites reduced EVI1 DNA binding through its C-terminal zinc finger domain and induced cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-273429 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15856019 t gcesareni "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13." SIGNOR-135843 LPAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF2 SIGNOR GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000944 15856019 t "inferred from 70% family members" milica "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13." SIGNOR-269968 NKX2-1 protein P43699 UNIPROT SFTPB protein P07988 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004299 18003659 f miannu "TGF-beta represses transcription of pulmonary surfactant protein-B gene in lung epithelial cells. Repression is mediated by SMAD3 through interactions with NKX2.1 and FOXA1, two key transcription factors that are positive regulators of SpB transcription." SIGNOR-254172 MIF protein P14174 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" relocalization 10090 BTO:0004488 29371591 t "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction)" "Here, we show that MIF inhibits mutant SOD1 nuclear clearance when overexpressed in motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells|SOD1WT is evenly distributed between the cytoplasm and the nucleus while mutant SOD1G93A shows predominantly cytoplasmic distribution (Fig. 1a, b). Expression of MIF in cells expressing SOD1WT had no effect on the distribution of the SOD1WT–EGFP protein. However, expression of MIF together with the mutant SOD1G93A–EGFP, inhibited the nuclear clearance of misfolded SOD1 resulting in a more wild-type-like distribution of the mutant SOD1 protein" SIGNOR-262797 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser532 KIKQEVEsPTDKSGN -1 8960373 t lperfetto "Functional analysis of phosphorylation at serine 532 of human c-Myb by MAP kinase| Expression of a constitutively active form of Ras together with c-Myb in transient transfection experiments had no effect on the transcriptional activity of c-Myb, while expression of a polypeptide containing the c-Myb C-terminal domain stimulated c-Myb activity. This effect is reduced upon MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of serine 532." SIGNOR-249420 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267421 HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT ADAMTS13 protein Q76LX8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 15367436 f "Regulation of binding" miannu "Incubation of hemoglobin, recombinant and from lysed erythrocytes, with normal plasma revealed an ADAMTS13 inhibitory effect at hemoglobin concentrations of 2 g/L or higher." SIGNOR-251748 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT HBP1 protein O60381 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser402 GFSKNCGsPGSSQLS 9606 14612426 t lperfetto "A mutation of the p38 map kinase phosphorylation site at aa 401 [(s-a)401hbp1] also triggered hbp1 protein instability. While protein stability was compromised by mutation, the specific activities of (s-a)401hbp1 and of wild-type hbp1 appeared comparable for transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-119134 lofepramine chemical CHEBI:47782 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258882 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile chemical CHEBI:77397 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 18487050 t Luana "For [3H]paroxetine, [3H]citalopram, [3H]nisoxetine, and [3H]WIN35,428 the following KD values were obtained on the human monoamine transporters hSERT, hNET, and hDAT by homologous competition experiments: 0.69 nM [3H]paroxetine, 4.46 nM [3H]citalopram, 6.77 nM [3H]nisoxetine, and 24.1 [3H]WIN35,428. " SIGNOR-257794 NatB complex SIGNOR-C416 SIGNOR Protein_acetylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH189 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21351257 f miannu "About 80% of soluble human proteins are N-terminally acetylated by 1 of 3 major Nα-terminal acetyltransferase complexes, hNatA, hNatB and hNatC, which differ in their subunit composition and substrate specificity." SIGNOR-267232 MAP3K9 protein P80192 UNIPROT MAP3K9 protein P80192 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 TKMSAAGtYAWMAPE 10029 15610029 t lperfetto "We present here biochemical and biophysical evidence that MLK1 is activated by autophosphorylation in (or near) the activation loop. The activation loops of the MLK family are highly homologous, and so one might predict that the same residues would be key to their activation. Functional data presented here, however, demonstrate that the key residue for activation of MLK1, Thr312, differs from the key residue for activation of MLK3." SIGNOR-249388 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser351 GRRGRLPsKPKQPPD 9606 BTO:0000007 16223362 t lperfetto "In the present paper, we have re-examined the phosphorylation of Nur77 on Ser354. Using a combination of cell-permeable kinase inhibitors and mouse knockin mutations, we show that Nur77 is phosphorylated by RSK in response to mitogenic stimulation of cells. Phosphorylation of Nur77 on Ser354 did not, however, appear to affect the transcriptional activity of Nur77, or its ability to bind 14-3-3 proteins in vivo." SIGNOR-249295 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257967 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000887 18534819 f gcesareni "The decreased atm expression suggests that atm is involved in the development of insulin resistance through down-regulation of akt activity." SIGNOR-161434 COL3A1 protein P02461 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Collagen is the major structural protein in skeletal muscle ECM;... type III collagen appears to be more evenly distributed between endomysium and epimysium" SIGNOR-254664 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2032 CRMGIKTsEGTPGFR 9606 BTO:0000938 20595391 t lperfetto "Three putative autophosphorylation sites (thr-2031, ser-2032, and thr-2035) have been identified within the activation segment of the lrrk2 kinase domain based on sequence homology to mixed-lineage kinases. Phosphorylation at one or more of these sites is critical for the kinase activity of lrrk2." SIGNOR-166466 RPL39L protein Q96EH5 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262491 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser853 IAEPMRRsVSEAALA 10090 BTO:0000944 11581251 t lperfetto "HSL activity is known to be regulated by phosphorylation (3). PKA increases HSL activity via phosphorylation at Ser563, Ser659, and Ser660 (14,15), although phosphorylation at Ser565 by glycogen synthase kinase, AMP-dependent protein kinase, or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II has been reported to prevent activation of the enzyme" SIGNOR-249202 EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT CASKIN1 protein Q8WXD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr296 TKDYCNNyDLTSLNV 9534 BTO:0000298 23181695 t miannu "EphB1 phosphorylates Caskin1 on tyrosine 296 and 336. Tyrosine phosphorylated Caskin1 then likely promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton leading to spine formation." SIGNOR-262860 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Cys-tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29152 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269528 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000671 9335553 f gcesareni "These results indicate that activation of protein kinase c stimulates a kinase which can phosphorylate insulin receptor substrate-1 at serine 612, resulting in an inhibition of insulin signaling in the cell these data suggest that: 1) activation of pkctheta contributes to ikk and jnk activation by ffas;2) ikk and jnk mediate pkctheta signals for irs-1 serine phosphorylation and degradation; ser-302 phosphorylation is dependent on pi 3-kinase/mtor, whereas ser-307 depends on c-jun nh2-terminal kinase to inhibit irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Ser-636 is located around the pi 3-kinase binding site and, therefore, thought to inhibit pi 3-kinase signaling." SIGNOR-52707 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser368 PNPSTSAsPKKSPPP 9606 17488717 t "Here, we demonstrate that SIRT2 is phosphorylated both in vitro and in vivo on serine 368 by the cell-cycle regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, and dephosphorylated by the phosphatases CDC14A and CDC14B. Overexpression of SIRT2 mediates a delay in cellular proliferation that is dependent on serine 368 phosphorylation|Additionally, we found that SIRT2, like other Cdk1 targets, can be dephosphorylated by the phosphatases CDC14A and CDC14B. In contrast to a published report (8), we did not observe any degradation of SIRT2 by the 26 S proteasome in response to CDC14B overexpression|However, we cannot exclude the possibility that phosphorylation of serine 368 might affect the activity of SIRT2 on other unidentified acetylated substrates." SIGNOR-248338 STX1A protein Q16623 UNIPROT SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 30267828 t miannu "The best-studied SNARE-complex is the one formed between three proteins, VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25, that mediate fast exocytosis in neuronal cells." SIGNOR-263968 SNRPD3 protein P62318 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270686 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR Demyelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH155 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32454942 f miannu "Next to their interaction with adaptive immune cells, activated microglia can secrete cytotoxic cytokines and oxidative products, such as ROS and NO radicals in MS lesions thereby promoting oxidative stress and contributing to myelin destruction" SIGNOR-263828 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165 SIGNOR-C30 11282024 t gcesareni "Bmp-4 and gdf-5 are known to bind to activin receptor-like kinase 3 (alk-3) and/or alk-6 (also termed bmp type ia and type ib receptors, respectively), whereas bmp-6 and bmp-7 preferentially bind to alk-2" SIGNOR-236913 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage -1 10579725 t lperfetto "P53 can inhibit the survival function of integrins by inducing the caspase-dependent cleavage and inactivation of the serine/threonine kinase akt/pkb;the involvement of caspase 3 in akt/pkb regulation was indicated by the ability of z-devd-fmk, a caspase 3 inhibitor, to block the alpha6beta4-associated reduction in akt/pkb levels in vivo, and by the ability of recombinant caspase 3 to promote the cleavage of akt/pkb in vitro" SIGNOR-256447 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 KNTKKRHsFTSLTMA 9606 17535800 t gcesareni "Overexpression of posh induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types, but apoptosis can be prevented by co-expressing the pro-survival protein kinase akt. We report here that posh is a direct substrate for phosphorylation by akt in vivo and in vitro, and we identify a major site of akt phosphorylation as serine 304 of posh, which lies within the rac-binding domain. We further show that phosphorylation of posh results in a decreased ability to bind activated rac" SIGNOR-155233 NFYC protein Q13952 UNIPROT GFI1B protein Q5VTD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19965638 f miannu "HMGB2 binds to the GFI1B promoter in vivo and up-regulates its trans-activation most likely by enhancing the binding of Oct-1 and, to a lesser extent, of GATA-1 and NF-Y to the GFI1B promoter." SIGNOR-254433 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT PROX1 protein Q92786 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27476001 f miannu "DAB2IP regulates EMT and metastasis of prostate cancer through targeting PROX1 transcription and destabilizing HIF1α protein. In this study, based on different PCa cell lines and knockout mice, we showed that PROX1 could be suppressed by DAB2IP, a novel member of the Ras GTPase-activating protein family and a critical player in control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PCa metastasis." SIGNOR-254764 Zalospirone chemical CID:163925 PUBCHEM HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258864 FPR2 protein P25090 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256745 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity" SIGNOR-183680 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254844 phenylalanine smallmolecule CHEBI:28044 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264758 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1474 GSSNGHVyEKLSSIE 9606 BTO:0000007 11024032 t "Tyr-1252, Tyr-1336, and Tyr-1472 of GluRε2 are phosphorylated in 293T cells when active Fyn is co-expressed." SIGNOR-251175 ARHGEF19 protein Q8IW93 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260543 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser477 NSMNKLPsVSQLINP 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180771 Tomivosertib chemical CID:118598754 PUBCHEM MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 29526098 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Compound 23 (eFT508), an exquisitely selective, potent dual MNK1/2 inhibitor, was designed to assess the potential for control of oncogene signaling at the level of mRNA translation." SIGNOR-261116 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000093;BTO:0000567 16144913 t lperfetto "Our data show for the first time that eralpha binds to ppar response element and represses its transactivation" SIGNOR-140233 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 22863277 f "inferred from 70% of family members" milica "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2, thereby activating yap and taz transcription coactivators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-269864 SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 26707513 t lperfetto "C1INH is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that acts on both the complement pathway and the contact system and is the main inhibitor of the contact system by targeting both FXIIa and PK 9. Additionally, FXIIa can be inhibited by α1‐antitrypsin and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1)." SIGNOR-263516 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270800 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NDRG2 protein Q9UN36 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr330 TRLSRSRtASLTSAA 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000763 15461589 t llicata "Sgk1 phosphorylated ndrg2 at thr330, ser332 and thr348 in vitro. for example, the phosphorylation of thr330 or ser332 by sgk1 may prime ndrg2 for phosphorylation by gsk3 at ser326 and ser328 respectively, for example, the phosphorylation of thr330 or ser332 by sgk1 may prime ndrg2 for phosphorylation by gsk3 at ser326 and ser328 respectively, the phosphorylation of thr348 by sgk1 may prime for phosphorylation at ser344" SIGNOR-129676 ANGPTL1 protein O95841 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15284220 t gcesareni "In experiments with human endothelial cell lines, ang3 was identified as an antagonist of tie2 and ang4 was identified as an agonist of tie2." SIGNOR-127354 HOXB3 protein P14651 UNIPROT OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000946 9556594 t Luana "Transactivation of the mouse OTX2 Luc constructs by the human HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 proteins. | Likewise, the construct pOTX2LucΔ−710 showed an 8-, 12-, and 6-fold increase in transcriptional activity if co-transfected with pSG-HOXB1, -HOXB2, and -HOXB3, respectively" SIGNOR-261635 (S)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:40751 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258454 KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT HBE1 protein P02100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15947087 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Our results show that KLF2 positively regulates the human (ε) and murine (Ey and βh1) embryonic globin genes at both E10.5 and E12.5, in the yolk sac, which is the site of primitive erythropoiesis." SIGNOR-251830 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM5 protein Q9C035 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270980 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner./lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) is one of the main effector pathways of ras, regulating cell growth, cell cycle entry, cell survival, cytoskeleton reorganization, and metabolism." SIGNOR-175204 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 NPEDRSPsPEPIYNS 9606 23175611 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q15637-2" gcesareni "Sf1 is phosphorylated on serines 80 and 82 in vitro and in vivo. Kis can phosphorylate sf1f on serine 80 and 82 with a high efficiency that particularly relies on the anchoring of its uhm domain to sf1. Serine phosphorylation of a conserved ser80-pro81-ser82-pro83 motif rigidifies a long unstructured linker in the sf1 helix hairpin and slightly enhances rna binding." SIGNOR-199797 "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Gly1446 TPLQLFEgRRNRRRR -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263430 spiperone chemical CHEBI:9233 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258859 RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT PLD1 protein Q13393 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18550814 t gcesareni "Rheb binds and activates pld1 in vitro in a gtp-dependent manner, strongly suggesting that pld1 is a bona fide effector for rheb." SIGNOR-178892 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation -1 11486036 t miannu "Previous studies have established that YY1 interacts with histone acetyltransferases p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), HDAC2, and HDAC3. Here, we present evidence that the activity of YY1 is regulated through acetylation by p300 and PCAF and through deacetylation by HDACs. YY1 was acetylated in two regions: both p300 and PCAF acetylated the central glycine-lysine-rich domain of residues 170 to 200, and PCAF also acetylated YY1 at the C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domain. Acetylation of the central region was required for the full transcriptional repressor activity of YY1 and targeted YY1 for active deacetylation by HDACs." SIGNOR-268836 PIH1D1 protein Q9NWS0 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 24036451 t miannu "PIH1D1 interacts with mTOR complex 1 and enhances ribosome RNA transcription.PIH1D1 is important for mTORC1 assembly" SIGNOR-265897 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT MAP1B protein P46821 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000142 18680552 t miannu "Gigaxonin is the substrate-specific adaptor for a new Cul3-E3-ubiquitin ligase family that promotes the proteasome dependent degradation of its partners MAP1B, MAP8 and tubulin cofactor B." SIGNOR-268946 HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 8611031 f "Regulation of binding" miannu "Hemoglobin induced apolipoprotein B crosslinking in low-density lipoprotein peroxidation. Crosslinked apo B was shown to resist lysosomal degradation, thereby causing accumulation of oxidized LDL in macrophages" SIGNOR-251755 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001760 10576741 t gcesareni "Akt and protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylate s259 on raf-1 and inhibit its activity." SIGNOR-252588 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 10116 7535768 t "We demonstrate that ERK, JNK, and p38 are activated by distinct combinations of stimuli in T cells that simulate full or partial activation through the T cell receptor. These kinases are regulated by reversible phosphorylation on Tyr and Thr, and the dual specific phosphatases PAC1 and MKP-1 previously have been implicated in the in vivo inactivation of ERK or of ERK and JNK, respectively" SIGNOR-248465 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 18650425 t gcesareni "Stress-induced c-jun activation mediated by polo-like kinase 3 in corneal epithelial cells. Hypoxia/reoxygenation activated plk3 in hce cells to directly phosphorylate c-jun proteins at phosphorylation sites ser-63 and ser-73, and to increase dna binding activity of c-jun." SIGNOR-179555 KASH5 protein Q8N6L0 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263290 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269248 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1361 SPPKTKTsPKLSNKE 9606 BTO:0000567 7635160 t llicata "We show that many of the sites phosphorylated on topoisomerase iia in vivo correspond to sites phosphorylated in vitro by both p3pdcz and mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase. we have also shown that phosphorylation of ser1353 and ser1360 yields different phosphopeptide maps depending upon whether one or both of these sites are phosphorylated." SIGNOR-30252 ADGRG1 protein Q9Y653 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24949629 t "Like many other adhesion GPCRs, GPR56 is cleaved via a GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain into N- and C-terminal fragments (GPR56N and GPR56C); | We demonstrate that ligand binding releases GPR56N from the membrane-bound GPR56C and triggers the association of GPR56C with lipid rafts and RhoA activation." SIGNOR-253981 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr556 LNGQPIQyARSTCEA 9606 BTO:0000763 20861316 t lperfetto "Nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (nmmlck), a multi-functional cytoskeletal protein critical to vascular homeostasis, is highly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. We identified multiple novel c-abl-mediated nmmlck phosphorylation sites by mass spectroscopy analysis (including y231, y464, y556, y846) and examined their influence on nmmlck function and human lung endothelial cell (ec) barrier regulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of nmmlck increased kinase activity" SIGNOR-167997 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRAIP protein Q9BWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270982 PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT Macrophage_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH99 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24890514 f apalma "Studies with multipotent precursor cell lines (Fig. 4A) indicate that CSF-1R Tyr-807 and Tyr-721 promote macrophage differentiation via the PLC-Œ≥2 pathway" SIGNOR-255571 TBX5 protein Q99593 UNIPROT FGF10 protein O15520 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18451335 f miannu "TBX5 is expressed, among others, in the embryonic heart and forelimbs.8 In the heart, it regulates transcription of downstream genes such as the atrial natriuretic factor (NPPA) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) by the binding to T-box binding elements (TBEs),11 often in combination with the NKX2-5 transcription factor." SIGNOR-255383 HOTAIR ncrna URS000075C808_9606 RNAcentral MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 32650779 f lperfetto "LncRNA HOTAIR overexpression induced downregulation of c-Met signaling promotes hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma cells" SIGNOR-272090 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser455 PAPSRTAsFSESRAD 10116 BTO:0000443 12107176 t gcesareni "Taken together, these results demonstrate that serine 454 of ATP-citrate lyase is a novel and major in vivo substrate for protein kinase B." SIGNOR-245263 PTCHD1 protein Q96NR3 UNIPROT VPS35 protein Q96QK1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 29118110 t miannu "Using Western blotting, we validated our MS approach confirming the binding of Dgl4 (also known as PSD95) and VPS35 to the recombinant Ptchd1 C terminus. Endogenous DLG4 and VPS35 from membrane and soluble mouse brain fractions were recovered specifically on the GST fusion proteins containing the cytoplasmic but not the extracellular, negative control sequences of Ptchd1 (Fig. 5E). Binding of DLG4 was dependent on the PDZ-binding motif in Ptchd1, whereas VPS35 binding was not (Fig. 5E). These results demonstrate a biochemical interaction of Ptchd1 with postsynaptic trafficking proteins in the mouse brain. Together, these data suggest that loss of Ptchd1 results in severe alterations in synaptic function in the dentate gyrus" SIGNOR-266653 G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266568 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT MAP4K5 protein Q9Y4K4 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 9949177 f fstefani "Bcr-abl_mediated ras activation is crucial for the ability of bcr-abl to activate gckr and is consistent with the previously known requirement for ras in bcr-abl_induced sapk activation how ras activates gckr remains enigmatic." SIGNOR-64262 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 8530143 f "andrea cerquone perpetuini" "Data from our laboratory demonstrate that the TNF signal transduction pathway-mediating NF-kappa B activation involves two phospholipases, a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and an endosomal acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase). The aSMase activation by TNF is secondary to the generation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) produced by a TNF-responsive PC-PLC. SMase and its product ceramide induce degradation of the NF-kappa B inhibitor I kappa B as well as NF-kappa B activation." SIGNOR-255689 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1325 RLLEGNFyGSLFSVP 9606 19834457 t lperfetto "The nr2a subunit of the nmda receptor is tyrosine-phosphorylated, with tyr 1325 as its one of the major phosphorylation sitewe also show that the tyr 1325 phosphorylation site is required for src-induced potentiation of the nmda receptor channel in the striatum." SIGNOR-188531 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1037 IGNSNHGsQSPRNVE 29939287 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on Fig 1" lperfetto "To investigate to what extent EVI1 function might be regulated by post-translational modifications we carried out mass spectrometry- and antibody-based analyses and uncovered an ATM-mediated double phosphorylation of EVI1 at the carboxy-terminal S858/S860 SQS motif." SIGNOR-273433 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr448 TILTEVNyEVSNKDD 18086677 t lperfetto "The non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Lyn, can phosphorylate caspase-8 on Tyr-397 and Tyr-465, rendering it resistant to activational cleavage and inhibiting apoptosis." SIGNOR-272980 MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0004055 19741096 t lperfetto "Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MITOL ubiquitinates mutant SOD1 and attenuates mutant SOD1-induced reactive oxygen species generation" SIGNOR-272982 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "Foxo1 antagonized ppargamma activity and vice versa indicating that these transcription factors functionally interact in a reciprocal antagonistic manner." SIGNOR-142150 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259706 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258542 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser134 ANLNRSTsVPENPKS 9606 BTO:0000731 24291004 t lperfetto "Akt1 impairs glucocorticoid-induced gene expression by direct phosphorylation of nr3c1 at position s134 and blocking glucocorticoid-induced nr3c1 translocation to the nucleus" SIGNOR-236216 fentanyl chemical CHEBI:119915 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258939 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr534 NFLMDNAyFCEADAK 10029 BTO:0000246 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248393 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr273 DAGALTTtFEELHFE 27325299 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we identify caspase-8 as a new substrate for Plk3. Phosphorylation occurs on T273 and results in stimulation of caspase-8 proapoptotic function." SIGNOR-272995 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9576626 t gcesareni "The best known function is their role in the guidance of migration of axons and cells in the nervous system through repulsive interactions" SIGNOR-56965 ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257306 TRIM21 protein P19474 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 27758890 t "FASN acetylation enhanced its association with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21. Acetylation destabilized FASN and resulted in decreased de novo lipogenesis and tumor cell growth. FASN acetylation was frequently reduced in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples, which correlated with increased HDAC3 expression and FASN protein levels." SIGNOR-267368 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 EGGKSGKsPRRRAAS 9606 BTO:0001130 18408765 t gcesareni "Overexpression of cdk1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of foxo1 in pca cells through s249 phosphorylation on foxo1." SIGNOR-252890 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT LARP1 protein Q6PKG0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1056 EGRKRCPsQSSSRPA 9606 BTO:0002181 28650797 t SARA "LARP1 is a direct substrate of Akt/S6K1 and mTORC1. Akt is a physiologically relevant primary kinase for S770/S979 phosphorylation of LARP1|Importantly, phosphorylation of LARP1 by mTORC1 and Akt/S6K1 dissociates it from 5’UTRs and relieves its inhibitory activity on RP mRNA translation." SIGNOR-260992 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser353 SHLGPHRsTPESRAA 9606 BTO:0000007 17360711 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of serines 353 and 357 by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta) induces a structural change of the hydrophilic loop of ps1the structural change of ps1 reduces the interaction with beta-catenin leading to decreased phosphorylation and ubiquitination of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-228018 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271071 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser198 IRTHLSQsPRVPSKC 10090 19560418 t "These findings indicate that calcineurin modulates the phosphorylation state of KSR2, but not KSR1, and identifies S198, T287, and the S310 14-3-3 binding site as the KSR2 residues targeted by calcineurin.|the negative regulators 14-3-3" SIGNOR-248380 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr523 REDSVLSyETVTQME 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 18721130 t llicata "Psd-95 is phosphorylated either by purified src/fyn kinases in vitro or by co-expression of constitutively active src/fyn in cos7 cells. psd-95 tyr(523) phosphorylation contributes to the post-ischaemic over-activation of nmda receptors." SIGNOR-180449 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 27858941 t miannu "The GAP domain of DAB2IP is homologous to other Ras-GAPs, such as GAP120 and neurofibromin (NF1), and can stimulate the GTPase activity of RAS proteins both in vitro and in cancer cell lines. DAB2IP is able to stimulate in vitro and in vivo the GTPase activity of RAS proteins (H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras) facilitating GTP hydrolysis to GDP." SIGNOR-254745 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser12 YSSSQRVsSYRRTFG -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. In the present study, we found aurora-b phosphorylates desmin at ser-11, thr-16, and ser-59, in vitro." SIGNOR-100107 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000142 16581040 t gcesareni "These results indicate that activation of p38 mapk by anisomycin induces ltd and subsequently occludes electrically induced ltd" SIGNOR-145496 D-glucopyranose smallmolecule CHEBI:4167 ChEBI AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI down-regulates 9606 10409121 f gcesareni "The activation in response to glucose removal appeared to be due to changes in the concentration of the known regulators of the cascade, i.e. Amp and atp, since ampk activation was associated with a large increase in the cellular amp." SIGNOR-69249 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1067 GDVEGSQsQDEGEGS 9606 18442975 t gcesareni "Our data provide evidence that phosphorylation of a core cohesin subunit smc3 by atm plays an important role in dna damage response and suggest that a constitutive phosphorylation by ck2 may affect intra-s phase checkpoint by modulating smc3 phosphorylation by atm." SIGNOR-178487 Phenelzine chemical CHEBI:8060 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258744 EPB41 protein P11171 UNIPROT "4.1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C386 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33187473 t lperfetto "The cytoskeleton plays a key role in maintaining the morphology and function of erythrocyte membranes. Many proteins, such as ankyrin, spectrin alpha- and beta-chains, proteins 4.1, or 4.1R and actin, cover the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane to form two protein complexes, the ankyrin and protein 4.1 complex| the latter consists of Band 3 dimers binding Adducins alpha and beta, Glycophorin C, GLUT1 and Stomatin [15, 16]" SIGNOR-266035 ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11430829 t Luisa "SIP 1 downregulates mammalian E-cadherin transcription via binding to both conserved E2 boxes of the minimal E-cadh promoter.SIP1 induction resulted in the loss of cell-cell adhesion, in activation of invasion and in at random, multidirectional migration instead of unidirectional coherent migration (required in neurulation)." SIGNOR-268950 Ethylketocyclazocine chemical CHEBI:4901 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258799 ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr280 DELDQAStPTDVRDI 9606 17486076 t lperfetto "These results indicate that cyclin d2 expression in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells is regulated by ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation that is triggered by thr280 phosphorylation by gsk3beta or p38" SIGNOR-154672 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 17339337 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability. We have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-153463 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr989 VPSSRGDyMTMQMSC 9606 17827393 t gcesareni "Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)." SIGNOR-157758 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser641 YRYPRPAsVPPSPSL 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 14593110 t gcesareni "Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3) phosphorylates four serine residues in the cooh terminus of glycogen synthase. Phosphorylation of one of these residues, ser640 (site 3a), causes strong inactivation of glycogen synthase" SIGNOR-118927 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" cleavage -1 10579725 t lperfetto "P53 can inhibit the survival function of integrins by inducing the caspase-dependent cleavage and inactivation of the serine/threonine kinase akt/pkb;the involvement of caspase 3 in akt/pkb regulation was indicated by the ability of z-devd-fmk, a caspase 3 inhibitor, to block the alpha6beta4-associated reduction in akt/pkb levels in vivo, and by the ability of recombinant caspase 3 to promote the cleavage of akt/pkb in vitro" SIGNOR-256446 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 10428798 t lperfetto "Within er af-1, serines 104, 106, and 118 represent potential cdk phosphorylation sites, and in this current study, we ascertain their importance in mediating cyclin a-cdk2-dependent enhancement of er transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-217288 HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256972 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT ZMIZ1 protein Q9ULJ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001825 26522984 t miannu "The N-terminal domain (NTD) is critical for Zmiz1 to function as a Notch collaborator. Zmiz1 and Notch1 cooperatively recruit each other to chromatin through the TPR domain. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of Zmiz1 is important for enhancing Notch reporter activity and contains tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) that mediate protein-protein interactions" SIGNOR-263937 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20086235 f "Both NF-κBs bind to a conserved DNA motif (80) that is found in numerous IL-1–responsive genes, in particular the ones encoding IκBα (81), IL-6 (82), IL-8 (18, 83,84), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) (28), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)" SIGNOR-254509 SGF29 protein Q96ES7 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269572 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1861 TPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176793 phosphatidylcholine chemical CHEBI:64482 ChEBI Inner_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C411 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "The lipid composition of the IMM varies from that of the OMM. PC and PE are still the most abundant phospholipids in the IMM, comprising about 75 % of total lipids.|One of the biggest differences between OMM and IMM lipid composition is the greater concentration of CL that is found in the IMM. Here, CL makes up about 15–20 % of the total phospholipid mass" SIGNOR-267003 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 16293724 t lperfetto "We show that PGE2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor, EP2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase Akt by free G protein betagamma subunits and the direct association of the G protein alphas subunit with the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain of axin. This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-227952 MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15767678 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "The c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk)-interacting protein (jip) group of scaffold proteins (jip1, jip2, and jip3) can interact with components of the jnk signaling pathway and potently activate jnk." SIGNOR-269886 FOXP1 protein Q9H334 UNIPROT HIP1R protein O75146 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000785 23884370 f miannu "Hip1r was confirmed as a direct foxp1 target / hip1r repression by foxp1" SIGNOR-202370 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT RUNX2/EP300 complex SIGNOR-C211 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 BTO:0002648 12697832 t "Giulio Giuliani" "More interestingly, the bone-specific transcriptionfactor Runx2/Cbfa1 is present in the immunoprecipitated material, strongly indicating that in osteoblastic cells expressing OC, p300 and Runx2/Cbfa1 are components of the same nuclear protein complex." SIGNOR-255419 RNF135 protein Q8IUD6 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys909 QTLYSKWkDFHFEKI 9606 BTO:0000007 19017631 t miannu "Our data suggest that Riplet/RNF135 is a novel factor of the RIG-I pathway that is involved in the evoking of human innate immunity against RNA virus infection, and activates RIG-I through ubiquitination of its C-terminal region." SIGNOR-265569 BRSK2 protein Q8IWQ3 UNIPROT WDR45 protein Q9Y484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "WIPI4 is stimulated by AMPK, NUAK2 and BRSK2. This finding is supported by the results of our kinome screening, which identified AMPK and the AMKP-related kinases NUAK2 and BRSK2, all of which function downstream of LKB1 (ref. 69) and stimulate the localization of WIPI4 to nascent autophagosomes." SIGNOR-268482 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NID1 protein P14543 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser333 YSVPSVLsPRRAATE 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262771 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PTRH2 protein Q9Y3E5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sLVMEYLA 9606 18703509 t lperfetto "Overexpression of constitutively active pkd or pkd activation by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate results in phosphorylation of two serine residues (ser5 and ser87) in a form of bit1 that is confined to the cytoplasm and concomitantly increases the apoptotic activity of cytoplasmic bit1" SIGNOR-180085 ATXN7 protein O15265 UNIPROT CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 11580893 t miannu "We found that ataxin-7 and CRX colocalize and coimmunoprecipitate. We observed that polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-7 can dramatically suppress CRX transactivation." SIGNOR-223226 P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257394 JMY protein Q8N9B5 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20498093 t lperfetto "Members of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family, which includes WASP, N-WASP, WAVE (1–3), WHAMM, JMY, and WASH, control actin cytoskeletal dynamics throughout biology. They act in large part by regulating the actin nucleating activity of the ubiquitous Arp2/3 complex. WASP proteins stimulate Arp2/3 complex using a conserved C-terminal VCA (Verprolin homologous, central hydrophobic, and acidic) region. They contain distinct N-terminal elements, which facilitate integration into unique macromolecular complexes." SIGNOR-261005 SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269820 NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19237537 t miannu "The in vivo existence of an SF-1 corepressor complex consisting of DAX-1, RNF31, and SMRT at the steroidogenic promoters of the human StAR and CYP19 genes. We demonstrate that RNF31 is necessary for the stable association of the DAX-1 corepressor complex with chromatin-bound SF-1, thereby inhibiting the recruitment of coactivators and Pol II and controlling basal transcription levels of SF-1 target genes." SIGNOR-271787 SGO1 protein Q5FBB7 UNIPROT "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24055156 t lperfetto "The complex between shugoshin and protein phosphatase 2A (Sgo1-PP2A) localizes to centromeres in mitosis, binds to cohesin in a reaction requiring Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of Sgo1, dephosphorylates cohesin-bound sororin, and protects a centromeric pool of cohesin from mitotic kinases and the cohesin inhibitor Wapl." SIGNOR-265264 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242736 RABGGTA protein Q92696 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" lipidation 9606 BTO:0000007 18532927 t miannu "Prenylation (or geranylgeranylation) of Rab GTPases is catalysed by RGGT (Rab geranylgeranyl transferase) and requires REP (Rab escort protein). In the classical pathway, REP associates first with unprenylated Rab, which is then prenylated by RGGT. In the alternative pathway, REP associates first with RGGT; this complex then binds and prenylates Rab proteins. Rab GTPases need to be geranylgeranylated on either one or two cysteine residues in their Ctermini in order to localize to the correct intracellular membrane and be functional" SIGNOR-265574 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser285 NHTLAPAsPAPARPR -1 11113134 t llicata "Amphiphysin is phosphorylated by cdk5 in a region including serines 272, 276, and 285. Amphiphysin 1 is also phosphorylated by the cdc2/cyclin B kinase complex in the same region and undergoes mitotic phosphorylation in dividing cells. " SIGNOR-250646 miR-29b mirna URS0000150A7D_9606 RNAcentral DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 26344767 f Luana "We also found that miR-199a expression and blockade (see below for details) potentiated and attenuated, respectively, the phosphorylation levels in neurons of S6 ribosomal protein, which signify the activation of mTOR signaling, indicating that miR-199a positively regulates mTOR signaling activity" SIGNOR-264544 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 18316399 t gcesareni "We showed that beta-catenin interacts directly with myod, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for muscle differentiation and enhances its binding to e box elements and transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-161113 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22521266 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated foxo1 is inactive and retained in the cytosol. Mkp-3 mediated dephosphorylation activates foxo1 and subsequentially promotes its nuclear translocation and binding to the promoters of gluconeogenic genes, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase)." SIGNOR-197200 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 RSLEVWGsQEALEEA 9606 23178497 t lperfetto "Atr phosphorylates xpa. at serine 196. Atr-mediated xpa phosphorylation enhances xpa stability by inhibiting herc2-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation." SIGNOR-199802 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19701891 t miannu "The binding of TGF‐β1 to its receptor complex activates the intracellular kinase domain of TGF‐βRII, which leads to the phosphorylation and activation of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 as well as non‐Smad proteins (Smad‐independent pathway)" SIGNOR-254361 carfilzomib chemical CHEBI:65347 ChEBI PSMB2 protein P49721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000898 17591945 t miannu "Carfilzomib is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone related to epoxomicin (Figure 1A), the latter of which shows high specificity in vitro for the ChT-L proteasome activity. To evaluate the proteasomal inhibitory potential of carfilzomib in MM, extracts from ANBL-6 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of carfilzomib. Extended exposure to carfilzomib for 5 hours saturated the β5 and β5i active sites in a dose-dependent manner and also led to increased binding to the β1, β1i, β2, and β2i subunits, with maximal binding observed at 50 nM." SIGNOR-259310 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT MAP1B protein P46821 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18806760 t gcesareni "Dapk-1 interacts with the microtubule-associated protein map1b, in particular in conditions of amino-acid starvation." SIGNOR-181305 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "carbamoyl phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58228 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267417 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22195963 t lperfetto "Mutant K-Ras promotes MST2 activation in two ways (i.e., by direct disruption of the inhibitory Raf-1-MST2 complex (Matallanas et al., 2008) and by forming an activating (i.e., by direct disruption of the inhibitory Raf-1-MST2 complex K-Ras-RASSF1A€“MST2 complex, as reported here" SIGNOR-249585 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 10747851 t miannu "SOCS1 stimulates the polyubiquitination of VAV proteins in vivo, which was stabilized by proteasomal inhibitors. These results suggest that SOCS1 programs VAV degradation by acting as a substrate-specific recognition component of a VCB-like ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-272559 RPS27 protein P42677 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262444 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser389 INKKQATsPASKKPA 9606 11698641 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ubf at serine 388 is required for interaction with rna polymerase i and activation of rdna transcription. After g(1) progression ubf is phosphorylated at serine 388 by cdk2/cyclin e and cdk2/cyclin a. Conversion of serine 388 to glycine abolishes ubf activity" SIGNOR-216678 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18042454 t miannu "We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity." SIGNOR-159438 MCU protein Q8NE86 UNIPROT MCU_MICU3_variant complex SIGNOR-C501 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270869 PFDN6 protein O15212 UNIPROT "Prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C513 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32699605 t miannu "The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins.  Canonical prefoldin complex is a heterohexameric complex composed of two α subunits (PFDN3 and PFDN5) and four β subunits (PFDN1, PFDN2, PFDN4 and PFDN6)" SIGNOR-270930 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr401 STTGLSAtPPASLPG 9606 21135229 t lperfetto "We show that b-raf is a calcineurin substrate;among calcineurin target residues on b-raf is t401, a site of negative feedback phosphorylation by erk1/2. Blocking calcineurin activity in _ cells prevents dephosphorylation of b-raf t401 and decreases b-raf and erk1/2 activities." SIGNOR-170339 TG protein P01266 UNIPROT Thyroid_hormonogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH110 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0004710 30886364 f miannu "In humans, the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are synthesized in the thyroid gland in a process that crucially involves the iodoglycoprotein thyroglobulin. The overall structure of thyroglobulin is conserved in all vertebrates. Upon thyroglobulin delivery from thyrocytes to the follicular lumen of the thyroid gland via the secretory pathway, multiple tyrosine residues can become iodinated to form mono-iodotyrosine (MIT) and/or di-iodotyrosine (DIT); however, selective tyrosine residues lead to preferential formation of T4 and T3 at distinct sites." SIGNOR-259915 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9867871 f miannu "The human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1) proximal promoter is regulated by Sp1, Egr-1, and WT1 via non-canonical binding sites. Egr-1 and two splicing variants of the Egr-related protein WT1 were able to transactivate the SOD1 promoter in co-transfection experiments." SIGNOR-253897 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 15824134 f Andrea "Inhibition of p38 / MAPKs (a) promotes exit from the cell cycle, (b) prevents differentiation, and (c) insulates the cell from most external stimuli allowing the satellite cell to maintain a quiescent state. Activation of satellite cells and p38 / MAPKs occurs concomitantly, providing further support that these MAPKs function as a molecular switch for satellite cell activation" SIGNOR-255745 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr492 ALGADDSyYTARSAG 9606 BTO:0000782 7642520 t lperfetto "When expressed in COS cells, Y493F-mutated ZAP-70 demonstrated normal basal kinase activity, but, unlike wild type ZAP-70, could not be activated by tyrosine phosphorylation induced by incubation with pervanadate or by co-expression of constitutively activated Lck" SIGNOR-30429 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser485 QPDNSSDsDYDLHGA 9606 9834084 t lperfetto "In this study, we use jurkat t cell transfectants of cd5 cytoplasmic tail mutants to reveal phosphorylation sites relevant to signal transduction. Our results show that casein kinase ii (ckii) is responsible for the constitutive phosphorylation of cd5 molecules at a cluster of three serine residues located at the extreme c terminus (s458, s459, and s461)" SIGNOR-62311 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser328 QDAYRRNsVRFLQQR 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89201 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 BTO:0004419 12840032 t lperfetto "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3).Mapk activity is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The activation of the mapk activity requires the dual phosphorylation of the ser/thr and tyr residues in the txy kinase activation motif (1113), and deactivation occurs through the action of either ser/thr protein phosphatase" SIGNOR-103159 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0001103 21408055 f "andrea cerquone perpetuini" "Additionally, cMyc, a STAT3 downstream gene, was significantly up-regulated in SCs at T24 versus PRE [...]An increase in the number of cMyc+ SCs indicated that human SCs were induced to proliferate under the control of STAT3 signaling." SIGNOR-255413 tiotropium chemical CHEBI:90960 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8441333 t miannu "A newly developed compound, Ba 679 BR (abbreviated Ba 679) proved to be a highly potent muscarinic antagonist in guinea pig tracheal rings. Its binding to human receptors (Hm1, Hm2, Hm3) was characterized by KD-values in the 10(-10) M concentration range.he drug showed ""kinetic receptor subtype selectivity"" by having a more rapid dissociation from Hm2 than from Hm1 and Hm3 receptors." SIGNOR-258486 captopril chemical CHEBI:3380 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9187274 t miannu "We analyzed the inhibition of angiotensin I and AcSDKP hydrolysis as well as that of three synthetic ACE substrates by wild-type ACE and the N and C domains by using a range of specific ACE inhibitors. We demonstrate that captopril, lisinopril, and fosinoprilat are potent inhibitors of AcSDKP hydrolysis by wild-type ACE, with K(i) values in the subnanomolar range." SIGNOR-258612 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr210 SEYSMAEtLVGTPYY 9606 BTO:0000567 21642957 t done miannu "We now identify Plk1 as Nek9 direct activator and propose a two-step activation mechanism that involves Nek9 sequential phosphorylation by CDK1 and Plk1. while CDK1 activity is necessary for Nek9 phosphorylation in mitosis and the resulting change in electrophoretical mobility, Nek9 Thr210 phosphorylation and mitotic activation requires both CDK1 and Plk1." SIGNOR-273889 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265842 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT GK protein P32189 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18805788 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription foxo1 localizes to the nucleus, where it represses hnf-4-dependent activity of the gk promoter as a corepressor." SIGNOR-181268 SNX5 protein Q9Y5X3 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 32150533 t miannu "Here, we discovered that the binding between SNX-BARs and CI-MPR or IGF1R is mediated by the phox-homology (PX) domain of SNX5 or SNX6 and a bipartite motif, termed SNX-BAR-binding motif (SBM), in the cargoes. our studies establish that SNX-BARs function as a direct cargo-selecting module for a large set of transmembrane proteins transiting the endosome, in addition to their roles in phospholipid recognition and biogenesis of tubular structures." SIGNOR-269442 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19797526 f "We therefore conclude that PML-RARα–mediated repression of C/EBPα is driven through a DNA methylation pathway. In accordance with this finding, a recent study in human APL samples described increased C/EBPα promoter methylation, consistent with the ability of PML-RARα to recruit corepressor complexes. Moreover, the PML-RARα effect on C/EBPα repression does not seem to be mediated via direct binding." SIGNOR-255726 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 14981546 f "These data confirm previous findings that FLT3 receptors with ITD mutations efficiently trigger the activation of ERK, STAT5 and Akt in the absence of FL stimulation." SIGNOR-261521 "Compound A [PMID:15866883]" chemical CID:51529932 PUBCHEM LTB4R2 protein Q9NPC1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257535 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270399 AMER1 protein Q5JTC6 UNIPROT WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19416806 t miannu "Wtx binds wt1, a zinc-finger transcription factor that is inactivated in wilms tumor. / the ability of wtx to enhance wt1-mediated transactivation suggests a physiologically significant interaction between these 2 tumor suppressors." SIGNOR-185644 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT PLAT protein P00750 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 8647095 f lperfetto "We suggest that the mechanism for the transcriptional down-regulation of t-PA by PMA in HT-1080 cells requires CREB-1 binding to the t-PACRE while ATF-2, by associating with the same site, plays a role in PMA-mediated induction of t-PA in HeLa cells." SIGNOR-253724 "1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynyl ester" chemical CHEBI:92418 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258636 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser396 DDKKAKTsTRSSAKT -1 21204788 t done miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273930 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser451 NGFYHFGsTSSSPPI 9606 BTO:0000007 16141410 t "In vitro and in vivo (HEK 293 cells) kinase assays with synthetic peptides and full-length myocardin demonstrated that myocardin was a primed GSK3beta substrate, with serines 455 to 467 and 624 to 636 being the major GSK3beta phosphorylation sites.  GSK3β phosphorylation at the sites identified inhibits myocardin intrinsic transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-251245 HSPH1 protein Q92598 UNIPROT HSPA1B protein P0DMV9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19754877 f miannu "Hsp105beta upregulates hsp70 gene expression through signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Hsp105beta induces Hsp70 expression markedly through the STAT3 pathway in heat-shocked cells. This may represent the mechanism that connects the heat shock protein and STAT families for cell defense against deleterious stress." SIGNOR-255243 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT DLGAP1 protein O14490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Similarly to CASK, PSD95 binds to intracellular adaptor proteins, and especially to GKAP (a protein that binds to the guanylate-kinase domain of PSD95), which, in turn, binds to SHANK proteins (Fig. 1b)." SIGNOR-264196 "dolichyl beta-D-mannosyl phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17624 ChEBI Protein_glycosylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH144 SIGNOR up-regulates 21384228 f lperfetto "Dolichol has a well defined role as a lipid carrier for the glycan precursor in the early stages of N‐linked protein glycosylation, which is assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum of all eukaryotic cells." SIGNOR-262568 GRIN2C protein Q14957 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. The NMDA receptor subtypes are encoded by three gene families that process mRNA transcripts to yield six distinct subunits (NR1, NR2A-2D, NR3A). Receptors are thought to be tetrameric complexes of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits" SIGNOR-264125 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser123 EEGFGSSsPVKSPAA 9606 BTO:0000007 23051732 t lperfetto "In particular, we found that Cdc14A inhibits Wee1 degradation through the dephosphorylation of Ser-123 and Ser-139 residues. " SIGNOR-267469 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MID1 protein O15344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271142 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271293 RFPL4A protein A6NLU0 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10029 BTO:0000246 12525704 t miannu "We conclude that, like many RING-finger containing proteins, RFPL4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The specificity of its expression and these interactions suggest that RFPL4 targets cyclin B1 for proteasomal degradation, a key aspect of oocyte cell cycle control during meiosis and the crucial oocyte-to-embryo transition to mitosis." SIGNOR-271476 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10540320 f miannu "Our data suggest that intracellular cAMP may directly affect expression of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 in monocytic cells via activation of the eukaryotic transcription factors CREB-1 and ATF-1 and their binding to CRE1 and CRE4 in the upstream enhancer of the IL-10 promoter" SIGNOR-254522 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CELF1 protein Q92879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser28 GQVPRTWsEKDLREL 10090 BTO:0000165 18570922 t miannu "CUG repeat binding protein, CUGBP1, is a key regulator of translation of proteins that are involved in muscle development and differentiation. In normal myoblasts, Akt kinase phosphorylates CUGBP1 at Ser28 and increases interactions of CUGBP1 with cyclin D1 mRNA." SIGNOR-262615 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1784 TPTSPNYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248826 IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11278538 t miannu "The human type I interferons, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, IFNAR, composed of subunits IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2. Human IFNAR-2 binds all type I IFNs but with lower affinity and different specificity than the IFNAR complex. Human IFNAR-1 has low intrinsic binding of human IFNs but strongly affects the affinity and differential ligand specificity of the IFNAR complex." SIGNOR-260333 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr183 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY -1 14976552 t lperfetto "We recently demonstrated that the LKB1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase STRAD and the scaffolding protein MO25, phosphorylates and activates AMP_activated protein kinase (AMPK)." SIGNOR-122721 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 19115199 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182996 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr627 KGDKQVEyLDLDLDS 9606 BTO:0000007 19881549 t lperfetto "Using both mutagenesis and mass spectrometry approaches, y242, y259, y317, y373 and y627 of gab1 were identified to be phosphorylated by c-src a gab1 mutant with substitutions of the src phosphorylation sites failed to promote hgf-induced dna synthesis" SIGNOR-236302 FNTB protein P49356 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24294527 t lperfetto "Major investments have been made to target Ras through indirect routes. Inhibition of farnesyl transferase to block Ras maturation has failed in large clinical trials." SIGNOR-242556 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ANXA6 protein P08133 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272681 trimethyl-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]ammonium chemical CHEBI:94038 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258647 F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "Factor VIIIa-IXa" complex SIGNOR-C320 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000131 25769543 t lperfetto "The present data point to key roles of FVIII and FIX in FX activation at the site of a platelet thrombus by supporting: (i) thrombin generation, (ii) thrombus growth and platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, and (iii) fibrin formation at the platelet surface. The likely mechanism is that tenase activity via FVIIIa and FIXa, which is confined to the sites of platelet thrombi, generates FXa that directly catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin." SIGNOR-263553 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI RET protein P07949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 21443688 t Luana "YN968D1 potently suppressed the kinase activities of VEGFR-2, c-kit and c-src, and inhibited cellular phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, c-kit and PDGFRβ." SIGNOR-257899 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 14982881 t "Furthermore, overexpression of Flt3-ITD led to a partial relocalization of SMRT protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This indicates that shuttling of p65 was necessary for Flt3-ITD-mediated SMRT nuclear export." SIGNOR-261539 PKI-402 chemical CID:44187953 PUBCHEM PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206259 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 17353188 t "Reduction in the levels of both LMW-PTP isoforms in vitro and in vivo increased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and AktSer473 and increased IRS-1- and IRS-2-associated PI3-K activities in both liver and fat.|Activated PI3-K stimulates Akt (or protein kinase B) that in turn phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3" SIGNOR-248458 N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91399 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207084 SNIP1 protein Q8TAD8 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270671 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 20630875 t gcesareni "Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (mt) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. The kinases involved in phosphorylating stmn ser-16 and ser-63 include camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) and pak1, whereas stmn ser-25 and ser-38 have been shown to be targets for proline-directed serine/threonine kinases such as cyclin-dependent kinases, erk1/2, and members of the p38 mapk subfamily." SIGNOR-166682 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 15879307 t gcesareni "Conversely, constitutively active mkk6 induced p38 mapk activation that recapitulated the effects of polyphenols by inducing eralpha phosphorylation and downstream activation of akt, and enos. The key role of eralpha ser-118 phosphorylation was confirmed in enos-transfected cos-7 cells" SIGNOR-136950 GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12665513 f lperfetto "These results suggest that go alpha q205l activates p38 through taos and mek3/6." SIGNOR-235539 SLC24A2 protein Q9UI40 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264389 FFAR1 protein O14842 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257184 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257947 methyltestosterone chemical CHEBI:27436 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 17202804 t miannu "GnRH antagonizes testosterone activation of the human androgen receptor in SCL60 cells. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Functionally Antagonizes Testosterone Activation of the Human Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cells through Focal Adhesion Complexes Involving Hic-5" SIGNOR-259266 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1279 SRCSSLSsLSSAEDE 9606 BTO:0000038 11487578 t lperfetto "Apc can be phosphorylated by ck1epsilon at ser1279 and ser1392. Mutation of conserved serine residues in the beta-catenin regulatory motifs of APC interfered with both axin-dependent phosphorylation and phosphorylation by CKIepsilon and impaired the ability of APC to regulate beta-catenin." SIGNOR-109660 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005787 BTO:0001103 23612709 f miannu "The MEK5-dependent activation of ERK5 promotes binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of the genes encoding the transcription factors Klf2 and Klf4, leading to their increased abundance. Subsequently, Klf2 and Klf4 bind to the Npnt promoter and induce the production of nephronectin during myoblast fusion" SIGNOR-255454 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1041 EHAFYEFtFRRFFDD 9606 21808241 t gcesareni "Activation of mst1/2 leads to phosphorylation and activation of their direct substrates, lats1/2." SIGNOR-175825 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr198 PGLRRRQt 10090 23707388 t Monia "We also demonstrate that i) CaMKI phosphorylates p27 at Thr157and Thr198 in human cells and at Thr170and Thr197in mouse cells to modulate its subcellular localization;|Collectively, these results suggest that CaMKI is involved in mediating G1 progression by promoting cyclin D1/cdk4 complex formation through site-specific p27 phosphorylation in human lung epithelia." SIGNOR-261194 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8387214 t "Transcription of the human erythropoietin (EPO) gene is activated in Hep3B cells exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a nuclear factor whose DNA binding activity is induced by hypoxia in Hep3B cells, and HIF-1 binds at a site in the EPO gene enhancer that is required for hypoxic activation of transcription." SIGNOR-256592 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe41 DRVYIHPfHLVIHNE -1 11747312 t miannu "Cathepsin G, elastase, and proteinase 3 are serine proteinases released by activated neutrophils. Cathepsin G can cleave angiotensinogen to release angiotensin II, but this activity has not been previously reported for elastase or proteinase 3. In this study we show that elastase and proteinase 3 can release angiotensin I from angiotensinogen and release angiotensin II from angiotensin I and angiotensinogen." SIGNOR-256314 SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 11073979 f ggiuliani "As shown in Fig. 8A, overexpression of Smad5 by itself induced Runx2 expression even in the absence of BMP-2 (lane 5). Western blot analysis also confirmed the induced level of Runx2 protein in C2C12-Sm5 cells (Fig. 8B)" SIGNOR-255835 GMIP protein Q9P107 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260505 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268875 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT CASK protein O14936 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 15694377 t miannu "We identified a novel CASK-interacting protein, inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1)" SIGNOR-225149 GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 t gcesareni "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein)coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin." SIGNOR-252681 AP3S2 protein P59780 UNIPROT "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19497727 t miannu "Mammals contain more than one AP-3 complex owing to the existence of pairs of genes encoding β3, μ3, and σ3 subunits (A and B isoforms). While both σ3A and σ3B are expressed ubiquitously and seem to be functionally equivalent, the B isoforms of β3 and μ3 display rather restricted expression patterns, mostly in cells of neuronal origin. This has led to the notion of the existence of two types of mammalian AP-3 complexes: a ubiquitous AP-3 comprising δ, β3A, μ3A, and σ3(A or B) subunits, and a brain-specific AP-3 complex containing δ, β3B, μ3B, and σ3(A or B)" SIGNOR-268518 calciol smallmolecule CHEBI:28940 ChEBI "vitamin D" smallmolecule CHEBI:27300 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001253 30080183 t lperfetto "Ultraviolet radiation results in the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to pre-vitamin D, which isomerizes to vitamin D in the skin" SIGNOR-270564 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT LIN9 protein Q5TKA1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr96 KFTATMStPDKKASQ 9606 BTO:0002181 24475316 t lperfetto "In this report, we demonstrate that cyclin e1/cdk3 phosphorylates lin-9 on thr-96. Mutating thr-96 to alanine inhibits activation of cyclins a2 and b1 promoters, whereas a phosphomimetic asp mutant strongly activates their promoters and triggers accelerated entry into g2/m phase in 293t cells." SIGNOR-204529 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAPH1 protein Q70E73 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1226 GGSHISGyATLRRGP -1 20417104 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of Lpd by c-Abl increases its interaction with Ena/VASP proteins. This analysis revealed that, in vitro, four Lpd peptides harboring tyrosines (Y426, Y456, Y513, Y1226) are highly phosphorylated, and eight additional peptides are phosphorylated to a lesser extent (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-262605 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr530 YLSELPPtPLHVSED 9606 20027304 t "This phosphorylation increased sirt1 nuclear localization" gcesareni "Human sirt1 was phosphorylated by jnk1 on three sites: ser27, ser47, and thr530 and this phosphorylation of sirt1 increased its nuclear localization and enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, jnk1 phosphorylation of sirt1 showed substrate specificity resulting in deacetylation of histone h3, but not p53." SIGNOR-162322 CX3CL1 protein P78423 UNIPROT CX3CR1 protein P49238 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11432858 t gcesareni "Fractalkine/cx3cl1 is a membrane-tethered chemokine that functions as a chemoattractant and adhesion protein by interacting with the receptor cx3cr1." SIGNOR-109135 KEAP1 protein Q14145 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 24997453 t miannu "Keap1 is an oxidative stress-sensing protein and is a negative regulator of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (nrf2)." SIGNOR-205229 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1102 MLEERKTyVNTTLYE 10090 BTO:0000944 12082108 t lperfetto "Recently, insights into Tie2 activation were provided by a solution of the Tie2 crystal structure (12). This structural analysis revealed several novel features, including two potential autoinhibitory mechanismsIn the unphosphorylated state, the hydroxyl groups of two important tyrosine residues, Tyr1101 and Tyr1112 (murine residue numbers), are hydrogen-bonded to surrounding residues, which may stabilize the C tail in this inhibitory conformationDeletion of the Tie2 C Tail Enhances Autophosphorylation and Kinase Activity in VitroDeletion of the C tail dramatically enhanced Tie2 autophosphorylation, despite the removal of Tyr1112, which was previously shown to be an important autophosphorylation site" SIGNOR-246657 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser347 PVYSPPGsPPPGDPR 9606 BTO:0000567 10806207 t llicata "Rskb, a 90-kda ribosomal s6 protein kinase family (rsk) member with two complete catalytic domains connected by a linker, is activated through p38- and erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases. unlike other rsks, the activation loop phosphorylation sites of both catalytic domains of rskb, ser(196) and thr(568), were required for activity. Rskb activation depended on phosphorylation of linker ser(343) and ser(360) and associated with phosphorylation of nonconserved ser(347), but ser(347)-deficient rskb retained partial activity." SIGNOR-77212 RBKS protein Q9H477 UNIPROT D-ribofuranose smallmolecule CHEBI:47013 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25749547 t miannu "Human ribokinase (RK) is a member of the ribokinase family, and is the first enzyme responsible for D-ribose metabolism, since D-ribose must first be converted into D-ribose-5-phosphate to be further metabolized and incorporated into ATP or other high energy phosphorylated compounds." SIGNOR-267072 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253436 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887 8288123 f lperfetto "The myogenic regulators myod, myogenin, myf5, and mrf4 share -80% amino acid identity within a basic helix-loop--helix (bhlh) motif that mediates dimerization and dna binding. / myogenic bhlh proteins form heterodimers with ubiquitous bhlh proteins, known as e proteins, and activate the transcription of muscle-specific genes by binding to the e-box consensus sequence (canntg) in muscle gene promoters and enancers." SIGNOR-37461 ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C127 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241134 COLGALT2 protein Q8IYK4 UNIPROT COL4A1 protein P02462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation -1 19075007 t "Recombinant GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 enzymes showed a strong galactosyltransferase activity toward various types of collagen and toward the serum mannose-binding lectin MBL, which contains a collagen domain. Amino acid analysis of the products of GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 reactions confirmed the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine residues." SIGNOR-261159 ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT ZBTB16/ZBTB32 complex SIGNOR-C80 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10572087 t miannu "We show that fazf is a transcriptional repressor and it readily forms heterodimers with plzf." SIGNOR-72377 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys135 AKRLKKEkVNVDIIN -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s. Surprisingly, the same four Lys residues on S5a, Lys-74, Lys-122, Lys-262, and Lys-365 were ubiquitinated by MuRF1 and E6AP (Fig. 10). Two additional Lys residues (Lys-126 and -135) were ubiquitinated by E6AP." SIGNOR-272747 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT dioxygen smallmolecule CHEBI:15379 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272286 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT OMD protein Q99983 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16970923 f miannu "Bmp-2 up regulates osad" SIGNOR-149562 EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT EIF2S3 protein P41091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269133 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT MYO6 protein Q9UM54 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr405 TAGGTKGtVIKVPLK -1 11517222 t miannu "P21-activated kinase 3 phosphorylated myosin VI, and the site was identified as Thr(406). The phosphorylation of myosin VI significantly facilitated the actin-translocating activity of myosin VI. " SIGNOR-250244 "dovitinib; bis(lactic acid)" chemical CID:56973714 PUBCHEM FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191418 PLIN3 protein O60664 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 BTO:0004055 9590177 t lperfetto "TIP47 is present in cytosol and on endosomes and is required for MPR transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in vitro and in vivo. TIP47 recognizes a phenylalanine/tryptophan signal in the tail of the cation-dependent MPR that is essential for its proper sorting within the endosomal pathway. These data suggest that TIP47 binds MPR cytoplasmic domains and facilitates their collection into transport vesicles destined for the Golgi." SIGNOR-253092 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT FCAR protein P24071 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser284 LTFARTPsVCK 10090 BTO:0001516 30766540 t lperfetto "GSK-3 is constitutively active in the absence of cytokine stimulation and can phosphorylate S263, keeping FcalphaRI in the inactive state." SIGNOR-264857 BAZ2B protein Q9UIF8 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31999386 t "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "The BAZ2B bromodomain has been shown to bind to acetylated H3K14 (H3K14ac), whose presence at promoter regions is generally associated with gene activation. This suggests a potential role for BAZ2B in transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-269843 HAX1 protein O00165 UNIPROT ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18971376 f miannu "HAX-1 overexpression was associated with down-regulation of SERCA2 expression levels, resulting in significant reduction of apparent ER Ca(2+) levels." SIGNOR-254222 RNF139 protein Q8WU17 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20068067 t miannu "Induction of TRC8 destabilized the precursor forms of the transcription factors SREBP-1 and SREBP-2. TRC8 destablizes SREBP precursors in a RING and proteasome-dependent manner " SIGNOR-271957 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr507 FGESRAStFCGTPDY 9606 11959144 t "PP2A(c) displayed the highest specific activity towards PKCdelta. The role of PP2A(c) in the dephosphorylation of PKCdelta in cells was supported by the demonstration that these proteins could be co-immunoprecipitated from NIH3T3 cells.|In conclusion, the evidence here indicates that PKCdelta de-phosphorylation and hence inactivation is effected by PP2A with which it forms a complex" SIGNOR-248637 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 NYLRRRLsDSNFMAN -1 10571231 t miannu "Synapsin phosphorylation in the A domain, at the only phosphorylation site shared by all synapsins, dissociates synapsins from synaptic vesicles.This site is located in the N-terminal A domain and is a substrate for both PKA and CaM Kinase I" SIGNOR-250615 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT SRSF5 protein Q13243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser86 GRGRGRYsDRFSSRR 10116 15684423 t miannu "Here we show that Akt2 kinase phosphorylated SRp40 in vivo and in vitro. Mutation of Ser86 on SRp40 blocked in vitro phosphorylation." SIGNOR-262633 GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-268063 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser294 PHGSPRVsVTDDSWL 9606 12351631 t lperfetto "Protein kinase A negatively modulates the nuclear accumulation of NF-ATc1. | Here we show that overexpression of PKA causes phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation of NF-ATc1 in direct opposition to calcineurin by phosphorylating Ser-245, Ser-269, and Ser-294 in the conserved serine-proline repeat domain, and that mutation of these serines blocks the effect of PKA. Activation of endogenous PKA is similarly able to promote phosphorylation of these sites on NF-ATc1 in two lymphoid cell lines." SIGNOR-249175 RPL36 protein Q9Y3U8 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262464 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 9278515 t brain lperfetto "The PDZ domains of PSD-95 and related proteins interact with the COOH-terminal sequences of K+channels and NMDA2 receptors (3). By these interactions, PSD-95 may mediate the clustering of K+ channels and NMDA receptors at synapses." SIGNOR-264195 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 10090 BTO:0000944 12169099 t lperfetto "c-Jun was first shown to be phosphorylated in its transactivation domain (Ser-63 and Ser-73) by ERKs and p54-JNK. This is consistent with other studies which show that PD98059 inhibits up-regulation of c-Jun protein in Ras-transformed NIH-3T3 cells" SIGNOR-235526 EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT Translational_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH202 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30459806 f gianni "The mRNA cap-binding protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), is involved in the recruitment of the ribosome to the mRNA cap structure, playing a central role in the regulation of translation initiation" SIGNOR-268529 TAF1 protein P21675 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263932 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257928 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser323 MVGGKPGsFRVRASS 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 16611834 t gcesareni "Here we show in various cell models that the adipose hormone leptin, a putative mediator in obesity-related insulin resistance, promotes phosphorylation of ser-318 in irs1 by a janus kinase 2, irs2, and pkc-dependent pathway. we observed that insulin stimulates phosphorylation of ser(318) in irs-1, which is mediated, at least partially, by pkc-zeta." SIGNOR-146105 SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT SERPINI1 protein Q99574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21507957 t miannu "In this study, we demonstrate that two ER-associated E3 ligases, Hrd1 and gp78, are involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of mutant neuroserpin." SIGNOR-272757 VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 17658244 t gcesareni "Binding of vegf to the receptor induces dimerisation and autophosphorylation of specific intracellular tyrosine residues. Activation of intracellular cascades results in proliferation, migration, survival and increased permeability." SIGNOR-157100 CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C21 20160094 t gcesareni "We report here that n-cadherin ligation activates p38alpha/beta in myoblasts in a cdo-, bnip-2-, and jlp-dependent manner" SIGNOR-163844 TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272871 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257915 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1910 TPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176821 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10837473 t gcesareni "Similar to pim1, pim2 phosphorylates bad, which antagonizes the pro-apoptotic function of bax" SIGNOR-78015 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 7549116 f miannu "HNF-1 beta was found to be more potent than HNF-1 alpha in activating the AFP promoter in the HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-254637 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1235 DMYDKEYySVHNKTG 9606 18819921 t gcesareni "Using substrate trapping mutants of ptp1b or tcptp, we have demonstrated that both phosphatases interact with met and that these interactions require phosphorylation of twin tyrosines (tyr-1234/1235) in the activation loop of the met kinase domain. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of tyr-1234/1235 in the activation loop of the met receptor is elevated in the absence of either ptp1b or tcptp and further elevated upon loss of both phosphatases. This enhanced phosphorylation of met corresponds to enhanced biological activity and cellular invasion." SIGNOR-181327 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNA1H protein O95180 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1144 AWSSRRSsWSSLGRA 9606 19131331 t miannu "Here, we identify protein kinase A (PKA) as a molecular switch that allows Gbeta(2)gammax dimers to effect voltage-independent inhibition of Ca(v)3.2 channels. Inhibition requires phosphorylation of Ser(1107), a critical serine residue on the II-III loop of the channel pore protein. S1107A prevents inhibition of unitary currents by recombinant Gbeta(2)gamma(2) dimers but does not disrupt dimer binding nor change its specificity." SIGNOR-263111 HUNK protein P57058 UNIPROT ITM2A protein O43736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr35 TVRTQILtGKELRVA 9606 BTO:0000007 31438969 t miannu "ITM2A is phosphorylated at T35 and the phosphorylation status of ITM2A contributes to breast cancer proliferation. Moreover, we found that ITM2A was phosphorylated at T35 by HUNK, a serine/threonine kinase significantly correlated with human breast cancer overall survival and HER2-induced mammary tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-273640 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser330 RLSPIMAsTELDEVQ 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity phosphorylation of foxos by akt, ikk, erk, ck1, cdk2, and dyrk1a universally leads to foxo's inhibition." SIGNOR-106833 USP2 protein O75604 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination Lys502 LSQQEGIkM -1 29490279 t miannu "Here, we report the role of USP2a in promoting metastasis by facilitating TGF-β-triggered signaling. USP2a interacts with TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 upon TGF-β stimulation and removes K33-linked polyubiquitin chains from Lys502 of TGFBR1, promoting the recruitment of SMAD2/3. Simultaneously, TGFBR2 phosphorylates Ser207/Ser225 of USP2a, leading to the disassociation of SMAD2/3 from TGFBR1." SIGNOR-273605 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7618106 t lperfetto "The tcf protein elk-1 is phosphorylated by the jnk and erk groups of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases causing increased dna binding, ternary complex formation, and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-29923 palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267879 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 BTO:0000938 17591690 t gcesareni "Here, we demonstrate for the first time that cdk5 interacts with p53 and increases its stability through posttranslational regulation, leading to accumulation of p53, particularly in the nucleus. We show that cdk5 phosphorylates p53 on ser15, ser33 and ser46 in vitro," SIGNOR-156418 MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000906 16306937 t "Using MyD88 as a prototypical adaptor, we identified TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) as a new component of TIR signalling complexes that is recruited along with TRAF6." SIGNOR-256079 PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1007 TGIMQLKsEIKQVEF -1 10487978 t miannu "Phk is activated in vitro by autophosphorylation. Ser1018 and at least three of the other six serine residues (Ser972, -985, and -1007) can be phosphorylated in vitro by Phk itself (autophosphorylation)" SIGNOR-250280 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT FHOD1 protein Q9Y613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1131 AARERKRsRGNRKSL 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 21106951 t lperfetto "Pkgi also directly phosphorylates fhod1, and studies with wild-type and mutant fhod1-derived peptides identify ser-1131 in the fhod1 c terminus as the unique pkgi phosphorylation site in fhod1. phosphorylation of three conserved residues within the dad domain activates fhod1 while binding to rac regulates fhod1 subcellular localization" SIGNOR-170094 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser101 AAPEAGAsPVEKEAP -1 8034575 t lperfetto "Of the 7 phosphorylated serine residues identified by Edman degradation, only 1 was within the known phosphorylation domain by protein kinase C. All the other phosphorylated serine residues originated from the N-terminal half of the molecule and were immediately followed by proline. | The other phosphorylated peptides were subjected to the same analysis, and Ser45 (peptide K5), Sel-80(peptide K7), and Ser99 (peptide K8) were confirmed to be the phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-248909 CCL11 protein P51671 UNIPROT CCR3 protein P51677 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000399 10706854 t "Eotaxin and other CC chemokines acting via CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) are believed to play an integral role in the development of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma and allergic inflammatory diseases." SIGNOR-256091 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser472 RPHFPQFsYSASGRE 10090 15367694 t "Protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates insulin's metabolic signaling pathway by inhibiting Akt (protein kinase B) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" SIGNOR-248652 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser490 QSTEPALsQIVMAPS 9606 15916964 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that the protein kinase atm phosphorylates atf2 on serines 490 and 498 following ionizing radiation (ir). dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of atf2 by atm that results in its rapid colocalization with gamma-h2ax and mrn components into ir-induced foci (irif)" SIGNOR-137619 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT CXCL12 protein P48061 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 22074556 f miannu "We demonstrated that forced expression of SLUG elevated CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression in human prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145, 22RV1, and LNCaP; conversely, reduced expression of SLUG by shRNA downregulated CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression at RNA and protein levels in prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-255169 XAF1 protein Q6GPH4 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17613533 t gcesareni "Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that xaf1 binds to xiap,birc2,birc3" SIGNOR-155288 beta-alanine smallmolecule CHEBI:16958 ChEBI GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9009272 t "inferred from family member" miannu "For each mutant GlyR we examined the agonist efficacies of taurine and beta-alanine relative to glycine, the concentration of each agonist required for half-maximal current activation (EC50) and, in mutant GlyRs where beta-alanine and taurine exhibited partial or no agonist efficacy, the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of glycine-gated currents (IC50).experiments described in this report were performed on human alpha-1 homomeric GlyRs recombinantly expressed in mammalian HEK 293 cells. Taurine and beta-alanine act as full agonists of huma nalpha-1 GlyRs when expressed in this system." SIGNOR-267795 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258898 "[5-fluoro-1-(4-isopropylbenzylidene)-2-methylinden-3-yl]acetic acid" chemical CHEBI:59660 ChEBI RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20541701 t Luana "NSAID Sulindac and Its Analogs Bind RXRα and Inhibit RXRα-dependent AKT Signaling" SIGNOR-258031 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9748228 t fspada "Bmp7 stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous smad1 and 5, formation of complexes with smad4 and induced the promoter for the homeobox gene, tlx2" SIGNOR-210093 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr157 GKVEITYtPSDGTQK 34929314 t lperfetto "During the cell cycle S phase, Cyclin A-CDK2 phosphorylates IDH1 on its Threonine 157 residue (Threonine 197 in IDH2) to facilitate its recognition and ubiquitination by Skp2 E3 ubiquitin, followed by degradation through 26S proteasome" SIGNOR-267621 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT ZNF622 protein Q969S3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr318 KGKSFYStEAVQAHM 9606 21771788 t gcesareni "Ask1 directly phosphorylated zpr9 at ser(314) and thr(318), suggesting that zpr9 can act as an ask1 substrate. Ask1-mediated phosphorylation of zpr9 at ser(314) and thr(318) was also responsible for zpr9-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-175117 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation His118 QVGRNIIhGSDSVES 9606 BTO:0000763 22869372 t llicata "Ndpk catalytic function requires autophosphorylation at the catalytic his-118 residue. the simplest interpretation of these data is that ampk does not directly phosphorylate ndpk-a at ser-120 or ser-122 (or at any other site) but rather enhances ndpk-a autophosphorylation at his-118." SIGNOR-198667 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr161 DDYHNPGyLVVLPDS 9606 11368773 t lperfetto "In the present study we reconstituted the LAT signalling pathway by demonstrating that a direct tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT with activated protein-tyrosine kinase Zap70 is necessary and sufficient for the association and activation of signalling proteins. Zap-70 efficiently phosphorylates LAT on tyrosine residues at positions 226, 191, 171, 132 and 127." SIGNOR-247022 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16341017 t gcesareni "We show that wnt induces sequential phosphorylation of lrp6 by gsk3 and casein kinase 1, and this dual phosphorylation promotes the engagement of lrp6 with the scaffolding protein axin." SIGNOR-143037 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser45 GATTTAPsLSGKGNP 9606 12000790 t gcesareni "However, ck1epsilon has been recently shown to interact with axin (sakanaka et al. 1999;rubinfeld et al. 2001), and it was proposed that this kinase mediates axin-induced apc phosphorylation, thereby stabilizing the beta-catenin degradation complex (rubinfeld et al. 2001). We have, therefore, evaluated ck1epsilon as a candidate s45-kinase in several assays, both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-87448 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT SNX8 protein Q9Y5X2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr95 LFLKHVEyEVSSQRF 9606 BTO:0000007 29180417 t miannu "IFNγ induced JAK1-mediated phosphorylation of SNX8 at Tyr95 and Tyr126, which promoted the recruitment of IKKβ to the JAK1 complex. " SIGNOR-273647 MEIS2 protein O14770 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 21746878 t miannu "We show that the Pbx1 and Meis2 homeodomain proteins interact with Klf4 and can be recruited to DNA elements comprising a Klf4 site or G C box, with adjacent Meis and Pbx sites. Meis2d and Pbx1a activate expression of p15(Ink4a) and E-cadherin, dependent on the Meis2d transcriptional activation domain. We suggest a model in which genes with Klf4 sites can be cooperatively activated by Meis2/Pbx1 and Klf4, dependent primarily on recruitment by Klf4." SIGNOR-267240 Avagacestat chemical CID:46883536 PUBCHEM APP protein P05067 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190479 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253502 NMB protein P08949 UNIPROT NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000551 11313903 t gcesareni "These neuropeptides, including gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin b, neurotensin, gastrin, cholecystokinin and arginine vasopressin bind seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that couple to heterotrimeric g proteins." SIGNOR-107022 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1214 VCDPKFHyDNTAGIS 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 17658244 t gcesareni "Binding of vegf to the receptor induces dimerisation and autophosphorylation of specific intracellular tyrosine residues. Activation of intracellular cascades results in proliferation, migration, survival and increased permeability." SIGNOR-157093 POLR1C protein O15160 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266136 MRPS18C protein Q9Y3D5 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261450 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 26260587 t "IL10R2 recruits cytoplasmic protein Jak1 followed by phosphorylation of tyrosine at position 705 in the STAT3 (705Y-STAT3) molecule. Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a homodimer, which is then translocated to the nucleus to facilitate transcriptional regulation of target genes." SIGNOR-253590 DKC1 protein O60832 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 18680434 t lperfetto "Dyskerin was recently found to be associated with active human telomerase (34), and mutations in dyskerin or NOP10 or deletion of the H/ACA motif of hTERC result in diminished telomerase activity" SIGNOR-263332 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 12086670 t lperfetto "MITF directly occupies the BCL2 promoter in vivo and this suggest that BCL2 may be a direct transcriptional target of MITF" SIGNOR-249618 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 9606 17108107 t gcesareni "We show that lkb1 physically associates with p53 in the nucleus and directly or indirectly phosphorylates p53 ser15 (previously shown to be phosphorylated by amp-dependent kinase) and p53 ser392" SIGNOR-150834 3-(4-quinolinylmethylamino)-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91433 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195543 N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine chemical CHEBI:64098 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258472 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9534 BTO:0004055 12535517 t milica "One protein that associates with 14-3-3 in an akt-dependent manner is shown here to be the yes-associated protein (yap), which is phosphorylated by akt at serine 127, leading to binding to 14-3-3. Akt promotes yap localization to the cytoplasm, resulting in loss from the nucleus where it functions as a coactivator of transcription factors including p73." SIGNOR-97481 CTTNBP2 protein Q8WZ74 UNIPROT SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 35562389 t miannu "Synaptopathy, a key feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is likely relevant to the impaired phase separation and/or transition of ASD-linked synaptic proteins. Here, we report that LLPS and zinc-induced liquid-to-gel phase transition regulate the synaptic distribution and protein-protein interaction of cortactin-binding protein 2 (CTTNBP2), an ASD-linked protein. CTTNBP2 forms self-assembled condensates through its C-terminal intrinsically disordered region and facilitates SHANK3 co-condensation at dendritic spines." SIGNOR-269702 "L-tyrosine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58315 ChEBI 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16098474 t scontino "TPO plays a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis by catalyzing both the iodination of tyrosine residues to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT) residues. The first step in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis is the binding of iodine to tyrosine residues in Tg, which yields MIT and DIT residues." SIGNOR-266955 WNT3 protein P56703 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131820 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT ARHGEF7 protein Q14155 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser761 DSLGRRSsLSRLEPS 9606 25009260 t lperfetto "Pkc_ directly phosphorylates _pix at ser583 and indirectly at ser340 in cells. herefore, we propose that pkc_ positively modulates dopamine release through _2pix phosphorylation. The pkc_-_pix-cdc42/rac1 phosphorylation axis may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of parkinsonian syndrome" SIGNOR-205238 nicotine smallmolecule CHEBI:18723 ChEBI CHRNB3 protein Q05901 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 28901280 t miannu "Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to a super-family of Cysloop ligand-gated ion channels that respond to endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) or other cholinergic ligands. These receptors are also the targets of drugs such as nicotine (the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke) and are involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes." SIGNOR-264259 RAI1 protein Q7Z5J4 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000614 22578325 f miannu "Data further show that haploinsufficiency of RAI1 and Rai1 in SMS fibroblasts and the mouse hypothalamus, respectively, results in the transcriptional dysregulation of the circadian clock and causes altered expression and regulation of multiple circadian genes, including PER2, PER3, CRY1, BMAL1, and others." SIGNOR-266841 MPHOSPH10 protein O00566 UNIPROT RPS5 protein P46782 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 28813493 t miannu "Mpp10 is able to bind the ribosome biogenesis factor Utp3/Sas10 through two conserved motifs in its N-terminal region. In addition, Mpp10 interacts with the ribosomal protein S5/uS7 using a short stretch within an acidic loop region. Thus, our findings reveal that Mpp10 provides a platform for the simultaneous interaction with multiple proteins in the 90S pre-ribosome." SIGNOR-261175 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257982 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 BTO:0000093 10581258 t gcesareni "In mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-72687 USP5 protein P45974 UNIPROT UBB protein P0CG47 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270821 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-N-[2-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-2-benzofurancarboxamide chemical CHEBI:92223 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-201695 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248299 ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0002882 9710637 f fcortellessa "PLZF expression in 32DG/GM cells is associated with growth suppression and G1 arrest." SIGNOR-261685 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr286 EEVDLACtPTDVRDV 9606 phosphorylation:Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 23552696 t lperfetto "Active AKT, a common mediator of cell survival signals induced by radiation through multiple intracellular signaling pathways,11, 12 suppresses apoptosis. AKT positively regulates cyclin D1 expression through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ (GSK3_). The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ on serine9 decreases its kinase activity for Thr286 of cyclin D1, which inhibits the nuclear export and the cytoplasmic proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1" SIGNOR-245437 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI CYP26A1 protein O43174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31963453 t lperfetto "Cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamily 26 of enzymes degrade the excess of RA to avoid detrimental effects [17]. Among the three subtypes (CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP26C1), CYP26A1 is particularly important during embryonic development" SIGNOR-265138 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15632084 t "inferred from 70% family members" amattioni "Phosphorylation of serines 159 and 197 by erk1/2 enhances proteasomal degradation of mkp-3" SIGNOR-270116 RPL7A protein P62424 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262454 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys350 PPIPRAVkPEPTNSS 9606 BTO:0000007 14701874 t gianni "We found that SATB2 differs from the closely related thymocyte-specific protein SATB1 by modifications of two lysines with the small ubiquitive related modifier (SUMO), which are augmented specifically by the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1." SIGNOR-269112 MEST protein Q5EB52 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 21375506 f "Mest/Peg1 inhibited maturation of LRP6 by controlling the glycosylation of LRP6. Knockdown of Mest/Peg1, which might enhance Wnt signalling, blocked adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells" SIGNOR-255826 HIF1AN protein Q9NWT6 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates hydroxylation Asn1955 LEASADAnIQDNMGR 9606 18299578 t gcesareni "We show that fih-1 hydroxylates notch icd at two residues (n(1945) and n(2012)) that are critical for the function of notch icd as a transactivator within cells and during neurogenesis and myogenesis in vivo. Fih-1 negatively regulates notch activity and accelerates myogenic differentiation." SIGNOR-161057 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PDE3B protein Q13370 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser318 CKIFRRPsLPCISRE 10090 BTO:0000011 10454575 t gcesareni "PDE3B is a physiological substrate of Akt and that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of PDE3B on serine-273 is important for insulin-induced activation of PDE3B." SIGNOR-248027 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR TUT1 protein Q9H6E5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000675 29032201 t miannu "Kelch-like protein 7 (KLHL7) is a component of Cul3-based Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase. In this study, we report that KLHL7 increases terminal uridylyl transferase 1 (TUT1) ubiquitination involved in nucleolar integrity." SIGNOR-272321 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 LTKTASEsISNLSEA 9606 20664522 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we provide evidence that plk1 phosphorylation of clip-170 at s195 enhances its association with ck2" SIGNOR-167172 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser122 DGRMVQLsPPALAAP 9606 11904294 t gcesareni "We found that hypoxia greatly accelerated tal1 turnover in these cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)2-mediated phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-116149 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257699 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr337 PGPPTGAtANRLRSA 9606 BTO:0000007 10542239 t llicata "Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. T" SIGNOR-250813 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR ITLN1 protein Q8WWA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 26148048 t "Human intelectin-1 (hIntL-1) does not bind known human glycan epitopes but does interact with multiple glycan epitopes found exclusively on microbes: β-linked D-galactofuranose (β-Galf), D-phosphoglycerol-modified glycans, heptoses, D-glycero-D-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KO) and 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KDO). | This ligand selectivity suggests that hIntL-1 functions in microbial surveillance." SIGNOR-272498 GPR25 protein O00155 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29727602 t "GPR25 is expressed in human memory T-cells and NK-cells and identified as a primary causal gene associated with autoimmune |Within the class A GPCR family, GPR25 shares a relatively high degree of amino acid sequence identity (29e34%) with vertebrate Apelin receptor (APLNR) diseases revealed by cis-eQTL mapping based on a genome-wide association study (GWAS)." SIGNOR-272501 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser876 QGLAERIsVL 9606 12058027 t gcesareni "Thus, pkd2 is likely to be a novel downstream target of specific pkcs upon the stimulation of ags-b cells with gastrin. Our data suggest a two-step mechanism of activation of pkd2 via endogenously produced diacylglycerol and the activation of pkcs." SIGNOR-89431 PAK6 protein Q9NQU5 UNIPROT SYNJ1 protein O43426 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 22371566 t miannu "We identified two novel Pak5 substrates, Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1, proteins that directly interact with one another to regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling. Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1 were phosphorylated by Pak5 and the other group II Paks in vitro, and Pak5 phosphorylation promoted Pacsin1-Synaptojanin1 binding both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-263022 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16023596 t gcesareni "Activated pi3k/akt pathway results in inhibitory phosphorylation of gsk3" SIGNOR-138179 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254718 MBTPS1 protein Q14703 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 10029 BTO:0000246 10644685 t "We present evidence that SKI-1 processes peptides mimicking the cleavage sites of the SKI-1 prosegment, pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the sterol regulatory element-binding protein SREBP-2" SIGNOR-267497 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 17409098 t gcesareni "Up-regulation of skp2 by notch signaling enhances proteasome-mediated degradation of the ckis, p27 kip1 and p21 cip1, and causes premature entry into s phase. ;the recognition of p27 by skp2/cks1 of the scfskp2 complex is dictated by cycline/cdk2, providing a high affinity binding site and the phosphorylation of p27 at t187, serving here we provide evidence suggesting that both cdk2/e and phosphorylation of thr(187) on p27 are essential for the recognition of p27 by the scf(skp2/cks1) complex, the ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (e3)." SIGNOR-154194 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 22693070 t lperfetto "The transcription factors stat1, stat3, and stat5 are directly phosphorylated by erbb-1, subsequent to which they dimerize through phosphotyrosine-sh2 domain interactions and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene trascription critical for proliferation." SIGNOR-235692 "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI "vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:28384 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "This series of oxidation-reduction reactions begins with conversion of vitamin K from a stable oxidized form (quinone form) to a hydroquinone form by vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR)" SIGNOR-265907 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR IRX2 protein Q9BZI1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15133517 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "To identify the phosphorylated residue, we introduced a serine-to-alanine substitution at residues 294 and 326 and a threonine-to-alanine substitution at residue 331 in Irx2(291‚Äì356). Erk1 phosphorylated S294A and T331A, but not S326A (Fig. 4b), indicating that Ser326 is the bona fide MAP kinase target." SIGNOR-270097 RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization SIGNOR-C295 24832651 t lperfetto "DNA damage activates ATM and CHK2 kinases, which mediate phosphorylation of CtIP and BRCA1. Phosphorylated CtIP associates with BRCA1 and with the MRN complex leading to the recruitment of the BRCC complex at the site of DNA damage where HR is initiated." SIGNOR-263203 BRIP1 protein Q9BX63 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093;BTO:0003323 11301010 t irozzo "BRCA1 interacts in vivo with a novel protein, BACH1, a member of the DEAH helicase family. BACH1 binds directly to the BRCT repeats of BRCA1. Moreover, BACH1 likely contributes to the DNA repair function of BRCA1 []." SIGNOR-259185 ADK protein P55263 UNIPROT adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33961946 t miannu "Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5‚Ä≤-adenosine monophosphate. The enzyme exists in two isoforms: a long isoform (ADK-long, ADK-L) and a short isoform (ADK-short, ADK-S)." SIGNOR-267838 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CUL9 protein Q8IWT3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271114 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20212113 t lperfetto "Direct positive regulation of pten by the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.Thus p85 regulates both p110-pi3k and pten-phosphatase enzymes through direct interaction" SIGNOR-164075 NBEAL2 protein Q6ZNJ1 UNIPROT DOCK7 protein Q96N67 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 29187380 t lperfetto "In summary, from 129 binding partners of Nbeal2 identified by mass spectrometry, we have confirmed the interaction of 3, Dock7, Sec16a, and Vac14, by different biochemical and cellular approaches|Given the significant reduction of Dock7 levels and its altered localization in Nbeal2−/− platelets, we postulated that this canonical signaling pathway may be disrupted and set out to test this using control and Nbeal2−/− platelets." SIGNOR-261891 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr21 YGGAGGYtQSPGGFG 9606 14872059 t lperfetto "Replication protein a (rpa) is a single-stranded dna (ssdna) binding protein involved in various processes, including nucleotide excision repair and dna replication. The 32 kda subunit of rpa (rpa32) is phosphorylated in response to various dna-damaging agents, and two protein kinases, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm) and the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk) have been implicated in dna damage-induced phosphorylation of rpa32we show that both dna-pk and atm phosphorylate rpa32 on thr21 in vitro." SIGNOR-121869 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr419 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 10090 18482983 t "we identify SHP-2 and PTP-PEST as negative regulators of c-Src kinase | Inactivation of catalytically active c-Src kinase by the phosphatases SHP-2 or PTP-PEST by dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue Tyr-416 within the c-Src kinase domain prevents the phosphorylation of villin" SIGNOR-248659 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ARHGDIA protein P52565 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr156 YGPRAEEyEFLTPVE 9606 16943322 t llicata "We show here that src kinase binds and phosphorylates rhogdi both in vitro and in vivo at tyr156. analysis of rho gtpase-rhogdi complexes using in vitro assays of complexation and in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation analysis indicates that src-mediated phosphorylation of tyr156 causes a dramatic decrease in the ability of rhogdi to form a complex with rhoa, rac1, or cdc42." SIGNOR-149282 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr14 VDSEGHLyTVPIREQ 9606 12921535 t lperfetto "Caveolin-1 is phosphorylated on tyr(14) in response to both oxidative and hyperosmotic stress. In the present paper, we show that this phosphorylation requires activation of the src family kinase fyn" SIGNOR-118007 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG -1 11955436 t "β-catenin degradation is initiated upon amino-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation, which is believed to be performed by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in complex with tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adnomatous polyposis coli (APC)" SIGNOR-260016 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "hydrogen peroxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16240 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272287 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT FAM83G protein A6ND36 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser356 YALVKAKsVDEIAKI 10029 32570757 t lperfetto "Taken together, these data demonstrate that FAM83G S356 phosphorylation modulates HSP27 phosphorylation and apoptosis regulation and that HSP27 is a counterpart of FAM83G.|an active form of PKD1/PKCm could phosphorylate the FAM83G peptide, including the S356 portion.|We also demonstrated that the phosphorylation of the FAM83G S356 residue was required for the reduction of the live cell number, as the CHO cells were unaffected upon the overexpression of a FAM83G S356A mutant resistant to S356 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-264764 KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT TP53I3 protein Q53FA7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 28073943 f miannu "JMJD2B induction attenuates the transcription of key p53 transcriptional targets including p21, PIG3 and PUMA, and this modulation is dependent on the catalytic capacity of JMJD2B." SIGNOR-263731 EMSY protein Q7Z589 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 14651845 t miannu "The EMSY protein interacts precisely with a highly conserved transactivating region at the N terminus of the breast cancer protein BRCA2, and has endogenous transcriptional repressor activity when recruited to a high basal promoter. We have suggested that the independent activation domain of BRCA2 within exon 3 might have some role in transcription (Milner et al., 1997). The identification of the repressor protein EMSY, which binds and silences this domain, is consistent with such a function." SIGNOR-263915 (-)-selegiline chemical CHEBI:9086 ChEBI MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21377879 t Luana "All the compounds were found as extremely potent and selective towards MAO-B, (Table 2) with at least 100 times more potent than the positive control selegiline. " SIGNOR-258136 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT PHF8 protein Q9UPP1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23979597 t miannu " We showed that PHF8 interacts with the CDC20-containing APC (APC(cdc20)) primarily during mitosis. we demonstrate that mutations of the LXPKXLF motif abrogate polyubiquitylation of PHF8 by the APC. APC substrates are typically cell cycle regulators, and consistent with this, the loss of PHF8 leads to prolonged G2 phase and defective mitosis." SIGNOR-272879 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22303254 f "Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins are epigenetic regulators that control gene expression through modulating chromatin structure and addition of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on histones" SIGNOR-268625 CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11090622 t gcesareni "Binding of claspin to xchk1 is highly elevated in the presence of dna templates that trigger a checkpoint arrest of the cell cycle in xenopus egg extracts" SIGNOR-84474 RNF126 protein Q9BV68 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 23418353 t miannu "RNF126 and Rabring7 associate with the EGFR through a ubiquitin-binding zinc finger domain and both E3 ubiquitin ligases promote ubiquitylation of EGFR. In HeLa cells depleted of either RNF126 or Rabring7 the EGFR is retained in a late endocytic compartment and is inefficiently degraded." SIGNOR-272103 RPS25 protein P62851 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262426 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257994 ZNF322 protein Q6U7Q0 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24550733 t lperfetto "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that Zfp322a binds to Pou5f1 and Nanog promoters and regulates their transcription." SIGNOR-264900 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11350745 t gcesareni "Dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues by ptp1b, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, reduced the enhanced pkcdelta activity." SIGNOR-107754 Membrane_blebbing phenotype SIGNOR-PH24 SIGNOR BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 ANRPRKSsVNGSSAT 22505453 t lperfetto "The polycomb group silencing protein Bmi1 can be phosphorylated by AKT, which enhances its oncogenic potential in PCa. Overexpression of Bmi1 can act in combination with PTEN haploinsufficiency to induce invasive carcinogenic formation in the prostate" SIGNOR-249584 GRM8 protein O00222 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264081 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15509864 f gcesareni "In muscle, it causes increased dna binding by the transcription factors nrf1 (bergeron et al., 2001) and mef2 (zheng et al., 2001), which may be involved in regulation of mitochondrial genes and glut4, respectively." SIGNOR-130076 DCAF4 protein Q8WV16 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004297 30945288 t miannu "We found that both CUL4A and CUL4B can form an E3 complex with DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) and DDB1-CUL4-associated factor 4 (DCAF4). In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination analyses indicate that CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase specifically directs degradation of ST7 (suppression of tumorigenicity 7)." SIGNOR-272308 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257454 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr679 PGVELLLtPREPALP 9606 BTO:0000567 18211802 t gcesareni "Activates rhoa and as a result regulates actin assembly." SIGNOR-160420 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr525 ALRADENyYKAQTHG 9606 9820500 t lperfetto "These represented sites of tyrosine phosphorylation previously identified from the study of in vitro autophosphorylated Syk. Phosphorylation was observed on peptides corresponding to Tyr130, Tyr317, Tyr342, Tyr346, Tyr519, and Tyr520" SIGNOR-246617 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser248 SVQSDIWsMGLSLVE 9606 8131746 t gcesareni "Activation of mek family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved ser/thr residues.Phosphopeptide analysis demonstrated that serine residues 218 and 222 of human mek1 are the primary sites for phosphorylation by c-raf" SIGNOR-36457 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT SETMAR protein Q53H47 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser508 LYDNRRRsAQWLDQE 9606 BTO:0000007 25024738 t miannu "We previously found that Chk1 phosphorylation of Metnase on S495 enhanced its DNA DSB repair activity but decreased its ability to re-start stalled replication forks. Here we show that phosphorylated Metnase feeds back to increase the half-life of Chk1. Chk1 half-life is regulated by DDB1 targeting it to Cul4A for ubiquitination and destruction. Metnase decreases Chk1 interaction with DDB1, and decreases Chk1 ubiquitination. " SIGNOR-273610 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr235 SSSSPPGtPSPADAK 9606 17601773 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that cdk2/cyclina phosphorylates c/ebpbeta on thr(188) and is required for phosphorylation (on ser(184) or thr(179)) of c/ebpbeta by gsk3beta and maintenance of dna binding activity." SIGNOR-217312 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT DPP6 protein P42658 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000596 23409053 t lperfetto "In the absence of Dnmt3b, Dnmt3a was associated with Dpp6 gene promoter and regulated its expression and methylation in P19 cells." SIGNOR-268962 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 BTO:0000938 20696760 t gcesareni "Dyrk1a phosphorylates p53 and inhibits proliferation of embryonic neuronal cells. we found that dyrk1a phosphorylates p53 at ser-15 in vitro and in immortalized rat embryonic hippocampal progenitor h19-7 cells. In addition, dyrk1a-induced p53 phosphorylation at ser-15 led to a robust induction of p53 target genes" SIGNOR-167407 "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" destabilization 10090 BTO:0003569 9233789 t "Here we show that the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system is involved in the regulation of beta-catenin turnover. beta-catenin, but not E-cadherin, p120(cas) or alpha-catenin, becomes stabilized when proteasome-mediated proteolysis is inhibited and this leads to the accumulation of multi-ubiquitinated forms of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-270340 1,1-dioxo-2-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one chemical CHEBI:93578 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258851 anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one chemical CHEBI:90695 ChEBI MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11717429 t gcesareni "We report the identification of an anthrapyrazolone series with significant jnk1, -2, and -3 (k(i) = 0.19 microm)." SIGNOR-111986 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" deacetylation 10090 BTO:0001103 24003218 t lperfetto "SIRT1 overexpression reduces muscle wasting by blocking the activation of FoxO1 and 3" SIGNOR-217975 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR LAMP2 protein P13473 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28743755 t miannu "Here, we report the characterization of FBXO27, a glycoprotein-specific F-box protein that is part of the SCF (SKP1/CUL1/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex, and demonstrate that SCFFBXO27 ubiquitinates glycoproteins in damaged lysosomes to regulate autophagic machinery recruitment.We found that the lysosomal protein LAMP2, which is ubiquitinated preferentially on lysosomal damage, enhances autophagic machinery recruitment to damaged lysosomes. Thus, we propose that SCFFBXO27 ubiquitinates glycoproteins exposed upon lysosomal damage to induce lysophagy." SIGNOR-272324 CCL7 protein P80098 UNIPROT Macrophage_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH126 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 32283152 f miannu "The rapid replication of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice induces the delayed release of IFN-α/β, which is accompanied by the influx of many pathogenic inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The accumulated mononuclear macrophages receive activating signals through the IFN-α/β receptors on their surface and produce more monocyte chemoattractants (such as CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12), resulting in the further accumulation of mononuclear macrophages." SIGNOR-260850 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser745 KSRQNLQsPTSSRAT 9606 BTO:0000007 17804409 t esanto "Erk phosphorylated inos on ser745. Mutation of ser745 to ala did not affect basal inos activity but eliminated inos phosphorylation and activation in response to b1r agonist." SIGNOR-157711 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8663227 t llicata "Phosphorylation and activation of a camp-specific phosphodiesterase by the camp-dependent protein kinase." SIGNOR-42515 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 PAPARPRsPSQTRKG 9606 15262992 t lperfetto "Thus, we propose that mapk phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 controls ngf receptor/trka-mediated endocytosis by terminating the amphiphysin1-ap-2 interaction.Our results indicate that phosphorylation of amphiphysin 1 at ser-285 and/or ser-293 affects the function of amphiphysin1.Mapk phosphorylation of ser-285 and ser-293 could modulate the interaction between prd and ap-2, resulting in the dissociation of amphiphysin1 from ap-2." SIGNOR-126859 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 23729744 f apalma "In the absence of NICD, CSL forms complexes with a variety of co-repressors to suppress the transcription of Notch target genes" SIGNOR-255373 HOPX protein Q9BPY8 UNIPROT LORICRIN protein P23490 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 21256618 f miannu "In the present study, we performed transcriptional profiling of cultured primary human keratinocytes and noted a robust induction of HOP upon calcium-induced cell differentiation. Overexpression of HOP using a lentiviral vector up-regulated FLG and LOR expression during keratinocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-254464 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1009 DESSDDDsDSEEPSK 9606 10066810 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis of ck2 consensus sites showed that the target for ck2 was in an acidic insert of 19 amino acids in the d2 domain, and ser to ala mutations at amino acids 965, 968, 969, and 973 abrogated ck2 phosphorylation of cd45. Ck2 phosphorylation increased cd45 activity 3-fold toward phosphorylated myelin basic protein," SIGNOR-65277 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT RPL13A protein P40429 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser77 PYHFRAPsRIFWRTV 9606 BTO:0000801 18995835 t lperfetto "Zipk phosphorylates l13a in vitro / l13a is phosphorylated on ser77 in vitro" SIGNOR-182117 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC7 protein P20671 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHK 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271753 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000776 20185585 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-163953 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131625 NUP37 protein Q8NFH4 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262085 COL3A1 protein P02461 UNIPROT ADGRG1 protein Q9Y653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 22238662 t "Using the N-terminal fragment of GPR56 (GPR56(N)) as a probe, we have recently demonstrated that collagen III is the ligand of GPR56 in the developing brain. In this report, we discover a new functional domain in GPR56(N), the ligand binding domain." SIGNOR-253979 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT NUDT1 protein P36639 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0005713 28947420 t miannu "Here, we report that MTH1 is regulated by polyubiquitination mediated by the E3 ligase Skp2. In melanoma cells, MTH1 was upregulated commonly mainly due to its improved stability caused by K63-linked polyubiquitination. Although Skp2 along with other components of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex was physically associated with MTH1, blocking the SCF function ablated MTH1 ubiquitination and expression. Conversely, overexpressing Skp2-elevated levels of MTH1 associated with an increase in its K63-linked ubiquitination. " SIGNOR-272790 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR NUDT1 protein P36639 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0005713 28947420 t miannu "Here, we report that MTH1 is regulated by polyubiquitination mediated by the E3 ligase Skp2. In melanoma cells, MTH1 was upregulated commonly mainly due to its improved stability caused by K63-linked polyubiquitination. Although Skp2 along with other components of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex was physically associated with MTH1, blocking the SCF function ablated MTH1 ubiquitination and expression. Conversely, overexpressing Skp2-elevated levels of MTH1 associated with an increase in its K63-linked ubiquitination. " SIGNOR-272791 TLE5 protein Q08117 UNIPROT SIX3 protein O95343 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 12441302 t lperfetto "Biochemical and mutational analysis shows that the Six domain of both SIX3 and SIX6 strongly interact with the QD domain of TLE1 and AES. AES abrogates SIX3- and SIX6-induced phenotypes" SIGNOR-234586 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser133 NAIRYIEsLQELLRE -1 9461343 t llicata "Here, we report that Myf-5 protein constitutes a substrate for phosphorylation in vitro by protein kinase CK2. We identified two potential phosphorylation sites at serine49 and serine133, both of which seem to be necessary for Myf-5 activity. " SIGNOR-251016 tandutinib chemical CHEBI:90237 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258297 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser584 ETSIFTPsPCKIPPP 9606 14551205 t llicata "In vitro assays showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain." SIGNOR-118588 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1161 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 7493944 t lperfetto "Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (igf-i) receptors are heterotetrameric proteins consisting of two alpha-and two beta-subunits and members of the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors. Specific ligand binding to the receptor triggers a cascade of intracellular events, which begins with autophosphorylation of several tyrosine residues of the beta-subunit of the receptor." SIGNOR-26582 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257913 INO80 protein Q9ULG1 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270853 TRIM59 protein Q8IWR1 UNIPROT ECSIT protein Q9BQ95 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0002181" 22588174 t Giorgia "In this study, we showed that one of the TRIM family ubiquitin ligases, TRIM59, interacts with ECSIT as an adaptor protein required for the TLR-mediated transduction pathway. The B-box and RING domains of TRIM59 are important for interaction with ECSIT.|ECSIT enhances IPS-1-mediated IFN-Beta promoter activation.|Luciferase reporter assays using reporter plasmids including NF-kappaB responsive element, interferon beta (IFN-beta) promoter and interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE) showed that overexpression of TRIM59 repressed their transcriptional activities, whereas knockdown of TRIM59 enhanced their transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-260369 furtrethonium chemical CHEBI:134764 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258643 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001555 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254876 PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t miannu "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267393 ANKRD26 protein Q9UPS8 UNIPROT PIDD1 protein Q9HB75 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0004790 33350486 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that PIDD1 is recruited to mature centrosomes by the centriolar distal appendage protein ANKRD26.|We propose that PIDDosome activation can in both cases be promoted by an ANKRD26-dependent local increase in PIDD1 concentration close to the centrosome." SIGNOR-266068 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser863 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t llicata "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-169522 palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267900 SSH2 protein Q76I76 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 14531860 t "Differential activities, subcellular distribution and tissue expression patterns of three members of Slingshot family phosphatases that dephosphorylate cofilin.|Cofilin, a key regulator of actin filament dynamics, is inactivated by phosphorylation at Ser-3 by LIM-kinases and is reactivated by dephosphorylation by a family of protein phosphatases, termed Slingshot (SSH)." SIGNOR-248733 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT DLX3 protein O60479 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr134 KKVRKPRtIYSSYQL -1 11343707 t lperfetto "Dlx3 is primarily phosphorylated by PKC alpha. By deletion and mutational analysis, we show that the serine residue S(138), located in the homeodomain of Dlx3 protein, was specifically phosphorylated by PKC. The phosphorylation of purified Dlx3 proteins by PKC partially inhibited formation of complexes between Dlx3 protein and DNA. These results suggest that Dlx3 protein can be directly phosphorylated by PKC and this affects the DNA binding activity of Dlx3." SIGNOR-249097 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT OCLN protein Q16625 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr438 LYKRNFDtGLQEYKS 9606 21545357 t lperfetto "Thr403, thr404, thr424 and thr438 in the occludin c-terminal domain are the predominant sites of pkc_-dependent phosphorylation . The present study demonstrates that pkc_ phosphorylates occludin on specific threonine residues and promotes assembly of epithelial tight junctions." SIGNOR-173643 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT Quiescence phenotype SIGNOR-PH25 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15843801 f gcesareni "We have identified a new cell population that expresses the transcription factors pax3 and pax7 (paired box proteins 3 and 7) but no skeletal-muscle-specific markers." SIGNOR-135626 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT TTYH2 protein Q9BSA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18577513 t miannu "Our data indicate that Nedd4-2 binds to two family members, TTYH2 and TTYH3, which contain consensus PY ((L/P)PXY) binding sites for HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligases, but not to TTYH1, which lacks this motif. Consistently, Nedd4-2 ubiquitinates both TTYH2 and TTYH3. Importantly, we have shown that endogenous TTYH2 and Nedd4-2 are binding partners and demonstrated that the TTYH2 PY motif is essential for these interactions. We have also shown that Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination of TTYH2 is a critical regulator of cell surface and total cellular levels of this protein. " SIGNOR-272632 "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268594 CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004602 17942113 f miannu "The gene expression and enzymatic activity of GTPCH1, the first enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of BH(4), were significantly inhibited by CRP." SIGNOR-252216 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TIAM1 protein Q13009 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 12810717 t gcesareni "Tiam1 cooperated with src to induce activation of rac1 in vivo and the formation of membrane ruffles." SIGNOR-102354 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr861 PIGNQHIyQPVGKPD 9606 BTO:0000195 17289681 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P34152-3" gcesareni "We propose that fak/c-src bipartite enzyme is a sensor of cytoplasmic shrinkage, and that the phosphorylation on fak tyr-861 by src and subsequent reorganization of f-actin can initiate an anti-apoptotic signaling pathway that protects cells from hyperosmotic stress." SIGNOR-152971 NTN1 protein O95631 UNIPROT DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001279 18585357 t miannu "Here, we report that the Down's syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (DSCAM), a candidate gene implicated in the mental retardation phenotype of Down's syndrome, is expressed on spinal commissural axons, binds netrin-1, and is necessary for commissural axons to grow toward and across the midline. DSCAM and DCC can each mediate a turning response of these neurons to netrin-1." SIGNOR-268376 GABRG2 protein P18507 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263758 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser713 GAEIVYKsPVVSGDT 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249345 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr291 EDEESYDtESEFTEF 9606 BTO:0000782 8622692 t llicata "Casein kinase ii phosphorylates i kappa b alpha at s-283, s-289, s-293, and t-291 and is required for its degradation." SIGNOR-40514 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AZ2 protein Q71UI9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys121 IHKSLIGkKGQQKTA 9606 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271756 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1941 SPKGSTYsPTSPGYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273034 CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT CCR2 protein P41597 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20219869 t areggio "The investigators showed that myoblasts constitutively express receptors for CCL2 (CCR2), CCL3 (CCR1 and CCR5), and CCL4 (CCR5), and that stimulation with either CCL2 or CCL4 was sufficient to promote myoblast proliferation. " SIGNOR-255113 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser464 LLKHVTQsSRKLIRA 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "Protein kinase c isoforms differentially phosphorylate human choline acetyltransferase regulating its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-129280 WASF3 protein Q9UPY6 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9534 17623672 f "We have also shown that Abl targets and phosphorylates four tyrosine residues in WAVE3 and that the Abl-dependent phosphorylation of WAVE3 is critical for the stimulation of lamellipodia formation and cell migration." SIGNOR-259078 "NLRP1 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C224 SIGNOR Pyroptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH105 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30166988 f miannu "Once activated by a ligand, inflammasomes lead to the activation of a caspase. Activated caspases allow the release of mature forms of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and trigger a specific pro-inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Accumulating data suggest that inflammasomes, mainly NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2, are involved in the generation of tissue damage and immune dysfunction after trauma." SIGNOR-260355 MPO-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C474 SIGNOR superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000133 15972951 f lperfetto "Anti-MPO IgG (250 μg/ml) induces significant superoxide anion production in TNF-α-primed peritoneal exudate cells from WT C57BL/6 mice (black bars) as compared to normal mouse IgG (250 μg/ml) or buffer alone." SIGNOR-270589 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 15465816 t gcesareni "Irak1 can directly use stat3 as a substrate and cause stat3 serine 727 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-129685 POLE3 protein Q9NRF9 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase epsilon" complex SIGNOR-C377 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10801849 t lperfetto "Identification and cloning of two histone fold motif-containing subunits of HeLa DNA polymerase epsilon." SIGNOR-265522 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1896 SPTSPTYsPTSPVYT 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273051 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TTC3 protein P53804 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser378 AYTPRSLsAPIFTTS 9606 20059950 t llicata "Phosphorylation of ttc3 at ser378 is required for efficient biological function together, these observations support that ttc3 is a phosphorylation target of akt both in an in vitro and in a cellular context" SIGNOR-162984 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT ITGA11 protein Q9UKX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0001282 16300938 t lperfetto "We speculate that the ""mesenchymal signature"" of alpha11 integrin gene expression is controlled by the activity of Sp1/Sp3, fibroblast-specific combinations of Ets family members and yet unidentified enhancer-binding transcription factors." SIGNOR-253350 FRG1 protein Q14331 UNIPROT KMT5B protein Q4FZB7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 23720823 t miannu "Here we show that, when over-expressed, FRG1 binds and interferes with the activity of the histone methyltransferase Suv4-20h1 both in mammals and Drosophila. Accordingly, FRG1 over-expression or Suv4-20h1 knockdown inhibits myogenesis." SIGNOR-266639 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRID1 protein Q9ULK0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 27586965 t miannu "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its biological activity through a variety of receptors. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are divided into two major classes on the basis of the mechanism by which they relay their signal: the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated cation channels, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that are G protein-coupled receptors" SIGNOR-264468 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 30825796 t miannu "In the mammalian brain the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission is carried out by Œ±-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors located within the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses" SIGNOR-264616 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000887 18534819 f lperfetto "The decreased atm expression suggests that atm is involved in the development of insulin resistance through down-regulation of akt activity." SIGNOR-244392 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PGAM1 protein P18669 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser23 WNLENRFsGWYDADL 9606 BTO:0000130 12189148 t "Activated pak1" gcesareni "Activated pak1 inhibits glycolysis by association of its catalytic domain with pgam-b and subsequent phosphorylation of the enzyme on serine residues 23 and 118, thereby abolishing pgam activity." SIGNOR-91598 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 LSTPVVLsPGPQKP 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-252084 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1524 LQNRNYPsQEELIKV 9606 BTO:0000007 17603999 t "Protein kinases involved in the DNA damage checkpoint control, such as ATM, ATR, and hCds1/Chk2, have been shown to phosphorylate and activate BRCA1 upon DNA damage. |Altogether, these results indicate that PP1α specifically dephosphorylates BRCA1 at multiple serine sites, including S988 [12], S1423, and S1524." SIGNOR-248562 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr354 HLGPHRStPESRAAV 9606 12056836 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase-5/p35 phosphorylates presenilin 1 to regulate carboxy-terminal fragment stabilityhere we demonstrate that cyclin dependent kinase-5/p35 (cdk5/p35) phosphorylates ps1 on threonine(354) within c-ps1 both in vitro and in vivo. Threonine(354) phosphorylation functions to selectively stabilize c-ps1." SIGNOR-89145 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr345 LTAERIKtPPKRPGG 9606 21659531 t lperfetto "Cdk1, which phosphorylates ezh2 at threonines 345 and 487.Phosphorylation of thr-345 and thr-487 promotes ezh2 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome" SIGNOR-174054 IFITM3 protein Q01628 UNIPROT gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 32879487 t miannu "IFITM3 directly binds to γ-secretase. IFITM3 KO reduced γ-secretase activity for both Aβ40 and Aβ42 cleavages as compared to the EV (empty vector guide RNA) cell line by 36% and 27%, respectively (Fig. 2d, bar 1 and 3)." SIGNOR-266303 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257969 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17396146 t gcesareni "The dna damage kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) phosphorylates taos in vitro;radiation induces phosphorylation of tao on a consensus site for phosphorylation by the atmprotein kinase in cells." SIGNOR-154178 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT ELK3 protein P41970 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 11042694 t miannu "JNK binds to the J box in the middle of the protein, and binding is required for phosphorylation of the adjacent EXport motif. Both the binding and phosphorylation sites (the JEX element) are important for Net export." SIGNOR-250138 FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20156194 t miannu "We used Filamin-A-deficient cells to show that Filamin A enhances MKK7 activation and is important for synergistic stress-induced JNK activation in vivo. Thus Filamin A is a novel member of the group of scaffold proteins whose function is to link two MAPKKs together and promote JNK activation. The present study provides evidence that Filamin A is one of the ‘binder’ molecules presumed to directly and closely connect MKK4 and MKK7 so that they can mediate this tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation. We showed that Filamin A (as well as Filamin B and C) associate with MKK7 and MKK4, but not with JNK1 itself" SIGNOR-260629 RABEP1 protein Q15276 UNIPROT RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11452015 t miannu "We have previously shown that rab5, which regulates various steps of transport along the early endocytic pathway, is activated by a complex consisting of rabex-5, a rab5 nucleotide exchange factor, and the effector rabaptin-5." SIGNOR-109352 OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22194658 f "same result in PC12 cell" miannu "SiRNA effectively downregulated optineurin expression in RGC-5 and PC12 stable transfected cells. Optineurin siRNA significantly inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis in RGC-5 and PC12 cells. Microarray analysis identified 112 differentially expressed genes in optineurin siRNA transfected RGC-5 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), neurotrophin-3(Ntf3), synaptosomal-associated protein 25(Snap25), and neurofilament, light polypeptide(Nefl) was significantly downregulated in RGC-5 and PC12 cells transfected with optineurin siRNA." SIGNOR-259881 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 18957298 t miannu "Adenosine is an endogenous inhibitor of excitatory synaptic transmission with potent anticonvulsant properties in the mammalian brain." SIGNOR-265464 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1763 TPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273058 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser235 IAKRRRLsSLRASTS 9606 17360704 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that while ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1) phosphorylates rps6 at all sites, rsk exclusively phosphorylates rps6 at ser(235/236) in vitro and in vivo using an mtor-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-252813 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT RGS2 protein P41220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 KPKTGKKsKQQAFIK -1 14608379 t lperfetto "Thus, PKGI-alpha binds to, phosphorylates and activates RGS-2, attenuating receptor-mediated vascular contraction. " SIGNOR-249241 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25477897 t miannu "The three miR-29 family members in mouse bone marrow cells reduced the level of TET2 as well as its metabolic by-product, 5hmC" SIGNOR-255796 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser184 QSPRTRGsRRQIQRL 9606 19789335 t gcesareni "Our data demonstrated that ask1 controls the cytoplasmic localization of daxx (fig.1). our results indicate that daxx not only activates ask1 but also is a downstream target of ask1 and that accumulated daxx further activates ask1. Thus, the daxx-ask1 positive feedback loop amplifying jnk/p38 signaling plays an important role in the cell-killing effects of stressors, such as tnfalpha." SIGNOR-188325 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 15780598 t lperfetto "Upon ligand binding, IL-2R , IL-6R or LeptinR , IFN-_R , IFN-_R and PRLR or growth hormone (GH) receptor associated JAKs become activated. These JAKs mediate phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues and recruit STATs. Activated STATs are released from the receptor and translocate to the nucleus. PTP1B dephosphorylates JAK2, TYK2 and STAT5 . The 45-kDa form of TC-PTP was shown to dephosphorylate JAK1 and JAK3 as well as STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5." SIGNOR-134620 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser695 MSQPSTAsNSLPEPA 9606 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251281 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT PACS2 protein Q86VP3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 24633224 t miannu "Under basal conditions, PACS-2 underwent K48-linked poly-ubiquitination, resulting in PACS-2 proteasomal degradation. Biochemical assays showed cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 interacted with PACS-2 in vitro and co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the two cIAPs bound PACS-2 in vivo. More importantly, both cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 directly mediated PACS-2 ubiquitination in a cell-free assay." SIGNOR-272851 TCL1A protein P56279 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t miannu "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-81680 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser30 EADSPSDsGQGSYET 9606 16885022 t gcesareni "We show that claspin, an adaptor protein required for chk1 activation, becomes degraded at the onset of mitosis. Claspin degradation was triggered by its interaction with, and ubiquitylation by, the scfbtrcp ubiquitin ligase. This interaction was phosphorylation dependent and required the activity of the plk1 kinase" SIGNOR-148447 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248314 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser64 PRGRPKGsKNKGAAK 9606 10617144 t fspada "In this study, we showed that the pkc-mediated phosphorylation of hmg-i exerted a very potent inhibition on the binding of this protein to the at-rich promoter regions of both pkc g and ng genes. The purified hmg-i can be phosphorylated by pkc a,b, g, and d but is poorly phosphorylated by pkc e and z. We have mapped two major sites of phosphorylation by pkc at ser44 and ser64" SIGNOR-73610 IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT Interferon_Production phenotype SIGNOR-PH16 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002572 20610653 f lperfetto "Type 1 IFNs are induced in a cell type-specific manner through Toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor pathways, both of which activate interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor _B (NF-_B) transcription factors." SIGNOR-126962 IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT Phagocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH97 SIGNOR up-regulates 22933625 f apalma "Recent findings have shown that IL-10 stimulation of macrophages isolated from skeletal muscles increases the phagocytic activity of macrophages" SIGNOR-255443 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser262 SPAKDCGsQKYAYFN 9606 14702389 t gcesareni "Using immunoblotting and phosphospecific antibodies we were able to show that serine-262 (s262) on cx43 becomes phosphorylated in response to growth factor or pkc stimulation of cardiomyocytes.In cell-cell contact forming cultures, the s262d mutation reversed while the s262a mutation increased the inhibitory effect of cx43.Phosphorylation at s262, a pkc site that becomes phosphorylated in the cell environment in response to growth factor stimulation, cancels cx43 inhibition only in contact-forming myocytes." SIGNOR-120907 ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20952656 t miannu "ACC catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting and first committed step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Two isoforms of ACC exist in mammals, ACC1 and ACC2, and both enzymes function to carboxylate acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA" SIGNOR-267105 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17604717 f gcesareni "Several studies have demonstrated that akt signaling can activate the nf-kb transcription factor downstream of a variety of stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor (tnfalfa)" SIGNOR-156530 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t lperfetto "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-255265 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser187 REKRRSTsRQFVDGP 9606 BTO:0000567 14744859 t llicata "It was found that the 5A fragment in which five Ser/Thr residues were substituted with Ala (S144A/T145A/S185A/T186A/S187A) fully prevented phosphorylation (Fig. 5B), confirming that Aurora B primarily phosphorylates five Ser/Thr residues in the basic region of MgcRacGAP. | the strong phosphorylation of the basic region of MgcRacGAP by Aurora B kinase was demonstrated, and this phosphorylation prevents the inhibition of MgcRacGAP GAP activity by PRC1" SIGNOR-250588 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT SNRK protein Q9NRH2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr173 QPGKKLTtSCGSLAY 9606 BTO:0000567 15733851 t lperfetto "we identify the sucrose non-fermenting protein (SNF1)-related kinase (SNRK), a largely unstudied AMPK subfamily member, as a novel substrate for LKB1. We demonstrate that LKB1 activates SNRK by phosphorylating the T-loop residue (Thr173)," SIGNOR-247493 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NUDC protein Q9Y266 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser326 QHPEMDFsKAKFN 9606 BTO:0000567 12852857 t lperfetto "Here, we characterize the interaction between plk1 and nudc, show that plk1 phosphorylates nudc at conserved s274 and s326 residues in vitro, and present evidence that nudc is also a substrate for plk1 in vivo. Downregulation of nudc by rna interference results in multiple mitotic defects, including multinucleation and cells arrested at the midbody stage, which are rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type nudc, but not by nudc with mutations in the plk1 phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-103407 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 23431053 t lperfetto "This cascade of phosphorylation allows the binding of scfbetatrcp that promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of yap." SIGNOR-217187 SMCR8 protein Q8TEV9 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28195531 t "While focusing on the role of SMCR8 during autophagy initiation, we found that kinase activity and gene expression of ULK1 are increased upon SMCR8 depletion." SIGNOR-252029 CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT RS1 protein O15537 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18927113 f miannu "Our in vitro and in vivo results indicate that two CRE sites in the minimal RS1 promoter region control retinal RS1 expression and establish CRX as a key factor driving this expression." SIGNOR-253822 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser313 TALHRSKsHEFQLGH 10090 19560418 t "These findings indicate that calcineurin modulates the phosphorylation state of KSR2, but not KSR1, and identifies S198, T287, and the S310 14-3-3 binding site as the KSR2 residues targeted by calcineurin.|the negative regulators 14-3-3" SIGNOR-248382 PPM1F protein P49593 UNIPROT PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000093 20016286 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Pop x2, a pp 2c serine/threonine phosphatase, is known to dephosphorylate pak and downregulate its activity." SIGNOR-269882 GPHN protein Q9NQX3 UNIPROT NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 25882190 t miannu "Gephyrin is believed to act as a scaffold at inhibitory synapses, in a manner analogous to that of the prototypic excitatory synaptic scaffold, PSD-95. The best-known function of gephyrin is to bring the inhibitory synaptic receptors and to stabilize them at the inhibitory synapses. gephyrin interacts with NL-2 and collybistin, suggesting that it may be critical for the maturation or maintenance of inhibitory synapses." SIGNOR-264974 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-267801 UIMC1 protein Q96RL1 UNIPROT "BRCA1-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C296 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20656690 t lperfetto "We and others showed previously that BRCC36 is a component of the BRCA1-A complex, which consists of RAP80, CCDC98/ABRAXAS, BRCC45/BRE, MERIT40/NBA1, BRCC36, and BRCA1. " SIGNOR-263211 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR AGAP2 protein Q99490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser985 THLSRVRsLDLDDWP 9606 BTO:0001130 19176382 t lperfetto "In addition, we have found that activated akt can bind and phosphorylate ggap2 at serine 629, which enhances gtp binding by ggap2." SIGNOR-244132 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 22012985 f gcesareni "We report that LRRK2 activates a calcium-dependent protein kinase kinase-² (CaMKK-²)/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway which is followed by a persistent increase in autophagosome formation." SIGNOR-237005 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 QSPGGFGsPAPSQAE 9606 1318195 t llicata "Cdc2 family kinases phosphorylate a human cell dna replication factor, rpa, and activate dna replication. therefore, the serines on rpa p34 that were necessary for phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase were also necessary for phosphorylation in the cell" SIGNOR-16975 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20817722 t miannu "Direct Regulation of the NPAS2 Promoter by RORα and REV-ERBα. it appears in the context of the NPAS2 promoter RORα functions as a transcriptional activator, but REV-ERBα may only function as an inhibitor of RORα activity by blocking binding." SIGNOR-267982 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15071501 f gcesareni "Demonstrate that jnk-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 induces the release of bax from 14-3-3 and triggers its translocation to the mitochondria; these results strongly indicate that jnk regulates the activity of bax by phosphorylating 14-3-3 proteins." SIGNOR-124001 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15209375 t gcesareni "One of the most studied events controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of a of agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-126236 SNX8 protein Q9Y5X2 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29180417 t miannu "IFNγ induced JAK1-mediated phosphorylation of SNX8 at Tyr95 and Tyr126, which promoted the recruitment of IKKβ to the JAK1 complex. " SIGNOR-273646 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR EVL protein Q9UI08 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15066263 t miannu " Vertebrate Ena/VASP proteins are phosphorylated by PKA, as well as PKG, and the phosphorylation is required for full function in a number of cellular contexts" SIGNOR-268287 EEF1D protein P29692 UNIPROT ITGA7 protein Q13683 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 16129691 t lperfetto "alpha7 Integrin Expression Is Negatively Regulated by deltaEF1 during Skeletal Myogenesis" SIGNOR-241773 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser36 RHDSGLDsMKDEEYE 9606 11815618 t lperfetto "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation depends on phosphorylation and degradation of its inhibitor protein, IkapapB. TBK-1 and IKK-i phosphorylate Ser36 of IkappaBalpha." SIGNOR-246643 KIF2B protein Q8N4N8 UNIPROT Mitotic_checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH28 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22535524 f lperfetto "The protein astrin has been shown to remove Kif2b from kinetochores in metaphase through competitive binding of CLASP1 (Manning et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle). During prometaphase, Aurora B kinase activity prevents astrin from localizing to kinetochores (Manning et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle; Schmidt et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle). This permits Kif2b to localize to kinetochores to destabilize k-MT attachments to execute error correction through Plk1-dependent recruitment and activation." SIGNOR-252051 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT SPART protein Q8N0X7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20719964 t Sara "SPG20 Protein Spartin Is Recruited to Midbodies by ESCRT-III Protein Ist1 and Participates in Cytokinesis. Spartin colocalizes with Ist1 at the midbody, and depletion of Ist1 in cells significantly decreases the number of cells where spartin is present at midbodies." SIGNOR-261308 AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 26984404 t "We discovered that protein-free extracts of high fat-fed livers contained, in addition to ketone bodies, a new metabolite, identified as AMP, which specifically activates the interaction between ChREBP and 14-3-3." SIGNOR-255668 MAP3K10 protein Q02779 UNIPROT NEUROD1 protein Q13562 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12881483 t lperfetto "we identified two proteins that interact with ND, huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) and mixed-lineage kinase 2 (MLK2). Stimulation of NeuroD activity by huntingtin and huntingtin-associated proteins HAP1 and MLK2" SIGNOR-234599 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270704 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11994399 f Luana "SREBP-1c–responsive genes include those for ATP citrate lyase (which produces acetyl-CoA) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase (which together produce palmitate [C16:0])." SIGNOR-267956 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9144171 t gcesareni "We also report that the amino-terminal domain of rin1 contains sequences that can mediate interactions with the abl tyrosine kinase and that rin1 is itself tyrosine phosphorylated by c-abl." SIGNOR-48142 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp326 YDPEMEEdSYDSFGE -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261743 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29179 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269496 olanzapine chemical CHEBI:7735 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258510 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1047 SSSSELStPEKPPHQ 9606 BTO:0000680;BTO:0001573;BTO:0001286 14551205 t llicata "In vitro assays showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain." SIGNOR-117339 NLGN1 protein Q8N2Q7 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Like NRXNs, NLGNs bind to intracellular PDZ-domain proteins, but in contrast to NRXNs, NLGNs bind to class I PDZ domains such as those contained in PSD95, a postsynaptic MAGUK protein65. PSD95 and its homologues are centrally involved in recruiting glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites66. Similarly to CASK, PSD95 binds to intracellular adaptor proteins, and especially to GKAP (a protein that binds to the guanylate-kinase domain of PSD95), which, in turn, binds to SHANK proteins (Fig. 1b). A possible role of these interactions is to recruit postsynaptic adaptor proteins to the site of synaptic junctions." SIGNOR-264191 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT IRX2 protein Q9BZI1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 QAATGFGsPLQYSAD -1 15133517 t miannu "We tested the transcriptional properties of Irx2 by dividing it into amino- and carboxy terminal parts and found that Mek1-mediated phosphorylation activates and derepresses the amino and carboxyl parts, respectively. When Ser46 and Ser65 were mutated to alanine (S46A and S65A), phosphorylation was reduced, whereas substitution of Ser83 and Ser103 (S83A and S103A) did not affect phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263053 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser443 ATGSGIKsHNSALYS 9606 15574499 t amattioni "Ikkbeta phosphorylates dok1 s(439)s(443) and s(446)s(450) after tnf-alpha, il-1, or gamma-radiation. mutant dok1 a(439), a(443), a(446), and a(450) differed from wild-type dok1 in not inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation or cell growth. Mutant dok1 a(439), a(443), a(446), and a(450) also did not promote cell motility whereas wild-type dok1 promoted cell motility." SIGNOR-131451 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD52 protein P43351 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr104 DLNNGKFyVGVCAFV 9606 BTO:0000007 12379650 t "C-Abl tyrosine kinase associates with and phosphorylates Rad52 on tyrosine 104. he functional significance of c-Abl-dependent phosphorylation of Rad52 is underscored by our findings that cells that express the phosphorylation-resistant Rad52 mutant, in which tyrosine 104 is replaced by phenylalanine, exhibit compromised nuclear foci formation in response to IR." SIGNOR-251435 MZF1 protein P28698 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16297876 f irozzo "We demonstrated that both Elk-1 and MZF-1 were highly expressed in human poor differentiated HCC cells and involved in the up-regulation of PKCa, which was essential for cell migration and invasion. Over-expression assay confirmed that the PKCa expression may be modulated by these two factors at the transcriptional level." SIGNOR-256283 PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 9404080 t "A full-length cDNA, which encodes a human placental fructose-6-phosphate,2-kinase/ fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, was constructed and expressed in¬†Escherichia coli. [...]The expressed enzyme was bifunctional with¬†Vmax¬†values of 142 and 0.2 milliunits/mg for the kinase and phosphatase activities, respectively." SIGNOR-267271 TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257423 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp373 PATQCISdGKLNEGH 9606 11741536 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase (ikk) beta was specifically proteolyzed by caspase-3-related caspases at aspartic acid residues 78, 242, 373, and 546 during tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-256436 ADGRG1 protein Q9Y653 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 31515243 t lperfetto "Binding of collagen III to ADGRG1 provides a canonical example of adhesion GPCR interactions with ECM proteins (Luo et al., 2011). Identified by an in vitro biotinylation/proteomics approach, extracellular interactions with collagen III were subsequently proven capable of activating ADGRG1-mediated signaling via Gα12/13 followed by RhoA activation to regulate corticogenesis" SIGNOR-272345 BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257362 GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-267510 P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257386 UMPS protein P11172 UNIPROT UMP smallmolecule CHEBI:16695 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 2912371 t miannu "Uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase contains two sequential catalytic activities for the synthesis of orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) from orotate (EC 2.4.2.10, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and the decarboxylation of OMP to form UMP (EC 4.1.1.23, OMP decarboxylase)." SIGNOR-267440 TERF2 protein Q15554 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR down-regulates 10116 27117401 f miannu "During neuronal differentiation, use of an alternative splice site on the rat telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) mRNA generates a short TRF2 protein isoform (TRF2-S) capable of derepressing neuronal genes." SIGNOR-266805 "MSH release-inhibiting hormone" smallmolecule CID:56842142 PUBCHEM MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257537 HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257162 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr186 KREKRRStSRQFVDG 9606 BTO:0000567 14744859 t llicata "It was found that the 5A fragment in which five Ser/Thr residues were substituted with Ala (S144A/T145A/S185A/T186A/S187A) fully prevented phosphorylation (Fig. 5B), confirming that Aurora B primarily phosphorylates five Ser/Thr residues in the basic region of MgcRacGAP. | the strong phosphorylation of the basic region of MgcRacGAP by Aurora B kinase was demonstrated, and this phosphorylation prevents the inhibition of MgcRacGAP GAP activity by PRC1" SIGNOR-250590 GFI1B protein Q5VTD9 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 21261500 f miannu "Here, we analyzed the MEF2C 5'-region, thus identifying potential regulatory binding sites for GFI1B, basic helix-loop-helix proteins, STAT5, and HOXA9/HOXA10. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and overexpression analyses demonstrated direct activation by GFI1B and LYL1 and inhibition by STAT5." SIGNOR-254206 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-193119 MASTL protein Q96GX5 UNIPROT MASTL protein Q96GX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser875 TAQHLTVsGFSL 8355 phosphorylation:Thr194;Thr207 NMMDILTtPSMAKPR;PRQDYSRtPGQVLSL 22354989 t gcesareni "After this priming step, Gwl can intramolecularly phosphorylate its C-terminal tail at pS883; this site probably plays a role similar to that of the tail/Z motif of other AGC kinases." SIGNOR-243409 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser123 EEGFGSSsPVKSPAA 9606 16085715 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of serines 53 and 123 (s53 and s123) of wee1a by polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) and cdk, respectively, are required for binding to beta-trcp." SIGNOR-139473 ODC1 protein P11926 UNIPROT spermine smallmolecule CHEBI:15746 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14617280 t miannu "Arginase generates ornithine, an aminoacid that can be further metabolized to proline via ornithine aminotransferase and to polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)" SIGNOR-256036 IRF2 protein P14316 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 11464288 t lperfetto "In addition to IRF-1, IRF-2, another member of the IRF family, also activates the human CIITA type IV promoter, and IRF-2 cooperates with IRF-1 to activate the promoter in transient transfection assays." SIGNOR-271681 serine smallmolecule CHEBI:17822 ChEBI Ser-tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29162 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24095058 t miannu "As a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction that charges serine onto its cognate tRNA for protein synthesis" SIGNOR-270500 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KIF22 protein Q14807 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr463 QGAPLLStPKRERMV 9606 SIGNOR-C17 12727876 t lperfetto "Cdc2-mediated phosphorylation of kid controls its distribution to spindle and chromosomes. We identify ser427 and thr463 as m phase-specific phosphorylation sites and cdc2-cyclin b as a thr463 kinase. Kid with a thr463 to alanine mutation fails to be localized on chromosomes and is only detected along spindles, although it retains the ability to bind dna or chromosomes" SIGNOR-100964 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT CTSK protein P43235 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 11920402 f lperfetto "This is supported by our finding that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b and TNFa increase the expres- sion of cathepsin K mRNA 􏰌6–8-fold and increase the secretion of the mature enzyme." SIGNOR-253317 EPM2A protein O95278 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 10090 16959610 t "Epm2a-encoded laforin is a phosphatase for GSK-3beta and an important repressor in the Wnt signaling pathway| only GSK-3β phosphorylation on Ser9 was affected by overexpression of laforin|Although GSK-3β is inactivated by phosphorylation at the Ser9 position, it is unclear if the inactivated enzyme can be reactivated by dephosphorylation." SIGNOR-248345 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser192 HMTNNKGsAAWMAPE 9606 10702308 t lperfetto "A mutant of TAK1 that lacks kinase activity is not phosphorylated either following IL-1 treatment or when coexpressed with TAB1, indicating that TAK1 phosphorylation is due to autophosphorylation. Furthermore, mutation to alanine of a conserved serine residue (Ser-192) in the activation loop between kinase domains VII and VIII abolishes both phosphorylation and activation of TAK1. These results suggest that IL-1 and ectopic expression of TAB1 both activate TAK1 via autophosphorylation of Ser-192." SIGNOR-235758 NTN1 protein O95631 UNIPROT UNC5C protein O95185 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10399920 t gcesareni "We provide evidence that netrin-1 triggers the formation of a receptor complex of dcc and unc5 proteins and simultaneously derepresses the interaction between their cytoplasmic domains, thereby converting dcc-mediated attraction to unc5/dcc-mediated repulsion." SIGNOR-69047 D-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:30659 ChEBI THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 6777394 t miannu "The high levels of circulating D-T4 and presumably of circulating D-T3 originating from the peripheral conversion of D-T4 achieved after the chronic administration of D-T4 (Choloxin) may be responsible for a high degree of saturation of the human pituitary nuclear T3 receptors, thus resulting in the suppression of the TRH-induced TSH response." SIGNOR-258402 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT ENOX1 protein Q8TC92 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23939472 f miannu "We found that NRF-1 positively regulates FAM134C and ENOX1, but negatively regulates C3orf10 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells and primary rat cortical neurons." SIGNOR-261368 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT NSUN2 protein Q08J23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser139 SRKILRKsPHLEKFH 9606 17215513 t lperfetto "Aurora-b phosphorylated nsun2 at ser139. Aurora-b-phosphorylation and the phosphorylation-mimic mutation (s139e) suppressed methyltransferase activities of nsun2." SIGNOR-152001 MUTYH protein Q9UIF7 UNIPROT ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21615992 t miannu "Binding of myh directly participates in atr and topbp1 activation in dna damage signaling, leading to apoptosis." SIGNOR-173966 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29169 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270411 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21750978 t miannu "Ikarosis dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) via interaction at a consensus pp1-binding motif/ hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-174865 OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation Ser84 VADIRKQsEPFFKAT 9606 BTO:0000007 26399441 t lperfetto "O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD promotes the pentose phosphate pathway and tumor growth|O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD activates enzyme activity|G6PD is dynamically modified by O-GlcNAc at serine 84|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively." SIGNOR-267582 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser225 ARLGSQHsPGRTASL 9606 21419341 t gcesareni "We show that erk colocalizes with the wrc at lamellipodial leading edges and directly phosphorylates two wrc components: wave2 and abi1." SIGNOR-172877 DTL protein Q9NZJ0 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 27906959 t miannu "Here, we identify human SDE2 as a new genome surveillance factor regulated by PCNA interaction. The cleaved SDE2 products need to be degraded by the CRL4CDT2 ubiquitin E3 ligase in a cell cycle- and DNA damage-dependent manner, and failure to degrade SDE2 impairs S phase progression and cellular survival." SIGNOR-272808 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR SDE2 protein Q6IQ49 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 27906959 t miannu "Here, we identify human SDE2 as a new genome surveillance factor regulated by PCNA interaction. The cleaved SDE2 products need to be degraded by the CRL4CDT2 ubiquitin E3 ligase in a cell cycle- and DNA damage-dependent manner, and failure to degrade SDE2 impairs S phase progression and cellular survival." SIGNOR-272809 RBP1 protein P09455 UNIPROT retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 31963453 t lperfetto "Once in the cytosol, retinol molecules are sequestered by membrane systems and bind to Cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), which plays a role in vitamin A cytoplasmic trafficking" SIGNOR-265108 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 11526476 t lperfetto "Menin represses p65-mediated transcriptional activation on nf-kappab sites in a dose-dependent and specific manner." SIGNOR-217406 TACR2 protein P21452 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257131 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "However, other kinases, such as cdk5, p38 and pka, also phosphorylate tau at t231tau phosphorylation at t231, s235 and s262 also contributes to the dissociation of tau from microtubules" SIGNOR-171066 Pyridostigmine chemical CHEBI:8665 ChEBI ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20627738 t Luana "The compounds 3-[(dimethylamino)carboxyl]oxy]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methyl sulfate, better known as neostigmine methyl sulfate (3),1 and 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy]-1-methylpyridinium bromide, pyridostigmine bromide (4)2 (Figure 1) are well known peripheral cholinesterase inhibitors " SIGNOR-257879 chloroquine chemical CHEBI:3638 ChEBI TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 9606 32283152 f miannu "Chloroquine inhibits the production and release of TNF and IL-6, which indicates that chloroquine may suppress the cytokine storm in patients infected with COVID-19." SIGNOR-260853 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA7 protein Q9Y5G6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265687 GTF2IRD1 protein Q9UHL9 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT down-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 11438732 f lperfetto "Here we describe a repressor (MusTRD1/BEN) that appears to specifically regulate the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of TFII-I. Nuclear exclusion of TFII-I results in a repression of its target reporter gene, and such repression can be alleviated when MusTRD1/BEN is retained in the cytoplasm through targeted mutation." SIGNOR-268534 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19665013 t lperfetto "The eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by different cyclins and their associated kinases (murray and hunt, 1993). In mammalian cells, levels of cycline and its associated kinase, cdk2, rise in late g1/early s-phase when dna replication is initiated" SIGNOR-187457 PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256716 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 16990763 f gcesareni "Other notch target genes identi__ed in the thymoma cell line were dtx1 (gene for deltex1), i__-202, i__-204, i__-d3, adam19 (meltrinb).24 a number of other genes have been reported as being notch targets, including notch1 itself,28 nrarp in xenopus embryos,29 bcl2 in thymoma cells,30 ccnd1 (gene for cyclin d1) in a kidney cell line,31 dkn1a (gene for cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1a (p21, cip1)) in keratinocytes32 and tcf3 (gene for e2a)." SIGNOR-149730 Starvation stimulus SIGNOR-ST4 SIGNOR AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23000343 f lperfetto "Starvation-induced autophagy is regulated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species leading to AMPK activationSTARV" SIGNOR-209796 NEK5 protein Q6P3R8 UNIPROT CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000815 30675923 t miannu "NEK5 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through up-regulation of Cyclin A2" SIGNOR-273874 PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT NKX6-1 protein P78426 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11309388 t "In conclusion, Pdx1 confers the expression of pancreatic β-cell-specific genes, such as genes encoding insulin, islet amyloid polypeptide, Glut2, and Nkx6.1." SIGNOR-255542 "MLL Fusion" "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP14 SIGNOR "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005261 19956800 t miannu "Although the complex was initially termed ENL associated proteins (EAP), we now propose to redefine EAP as ‘‘elongation assisting proteins’’ to better reflect the function of this protein complex. In this report, we present evidence that the most frequently occurring MLL fusion proteins exploit molecular control mechanisms of transcriptional elongation to transform hematopoietic cells. MLL fusions become incorporated into an ‘‘elongation assisting protein’’ complex, recruit it to their respective target genes, and enforce ectopic transcription." SIGNOR-260131 PTMS protein P20962 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 16150697 t miannu "Macromolecular translocation inhibitor II (MTI-II), which was first identified as an in vitro inhibitor of binding between the highly purified glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and isolated nuclei, is an 11.5-kDa Zn2+-binding protein that is also known as ZnBP or parathymosin. MTI-II Enhances GR-dependent Transcription through Its Acidic Domain. MTI-II Enhances GR-dependent Transcription in Cooperation with SRC-1 and p300 in Vivo. CBP and p300 Coprecipitate with MTI-II in a Glucocorticoid Hormone-dependent Manner" SIGNOR-268460 ZNF774 protein Q6NX45 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000578 31659254 t miannu "Here we report that ZNF774, a novel zinc-finger protein, inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Molecular characterization of this protein indicated that ZNF774 acts as a transcription repressor, and interrogation of ZNF774 interactome by affinity purification-coupled mass spectrometry revealed that ZNF774 is physically associated with the Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex in cells. We demonstrated that ZNF774 recruits the NuRD complex to the NOTCH2 promoter and represses NOTCH2 transcription." SIGNOR-265558 (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23075495 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "On the other hand, galfas-coupled signals, such as epinephrine and glucagon, induce kinase activity of lats1/2, leading to phosphorylation and yap/taz." SIGNOR-269867 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 EEVDLACtPTDVRDV 9606 BTO:0000150 16504004 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of cyclin d1 on a single threonine residue near the carboxyl terminus (thr-286) positively regulates proteasomal degradation of d1. Now, we demonstrate that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk-3beta) phosphorylates cyclin d1 specifically on thr-286, thereby triggering rapid cyclin d1 turnover now, we demonstrate that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk-3beta) phosphorylates cyclin d1 specifically on thr-286, thereby triggering rapid cyclin d1 turnover." SIGNOR-144818 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser260 SLDSEDYsLSEEGQE 9606 19833129 t gcesareni "Polo-like kinase-1 phosphorylates mdm2 at ser260 and stimulates mdm2-mediated p53 turnover." SIGNOR-188471 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1041 EHAFYEFtFRRFFDD 9606 23431053 t milica "MST1/2 directly phosphorylate Lats1/2 at the hydrophobic motif (Lats1 T1079 and Lats2 T1041), and this phosphorylation is required for Lats1/2 activation" SIGNOR-201278 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT Ser-tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29162 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24095058 t miannu "As a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction that charges serine onto its cognate tRNA for protein synthesis" SIGNOR-270498 CENPK protein Q9BS16 UNIPROT SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 10996314 t miannu "Here we report the cloning of a novel cDNA, termed Solt, from a mouse testis cDNA library. Its gene product, Solt, interacts with the leucine zipper region of SoxLZ/Sox6. In transient transfection assays with SoxLZ/Sox6 containing the transactivation domain of herpes simplex virus VP16, the expression of a luciferase reporter gene under the control of a promoter containing a synthetic cis element that is bound by the HMG box of SoxLZ/Sox6 was poorly enhanced in the presence of Solt." SIGNOR-221820 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser175 SPASSGSsASFISDT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252343 NDFIP1 protein Q9BT67 UNIPROT NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002181 26363003 t SARA "Ndfip1 is primarily localized in the Golgi apparatus where it recruits Nedd4-2 to mediate the degradation of mature hERG proteins during channel trafficking to the plasma membrane. Although Ndfip2 directs Nedd4-2 to the Golgi apparatus, it also recruits Nedd4-2 to the multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which may impair MVB function and impede the degradation of mature hERG proteins mediated by Nedd4-2." SIGNOR-260997 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT FASLG protein P48023 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10102273 f gcesareni "Within the nucleus, fkhrl1 triggers apoptosis most likely by inducing the expression of genes that are critical for cell death, such as the fas ligand gene." SIGNOR-66035 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT ITGA7 protein Q13683 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 8798472 t lperfetto "Only myogenin and MyoD were able to efficiently trans-activate the alpha7 promoter-CAT construct (Fig. 7). Myogenin trans-activated the promoter by _2-fold whereas MyoD was able to trans-activate by nearly 4-fold, indicating that both of these factors may play a role in alpha7 gene expression during muscle development." SIGNOR-241521 ETV2 protein O00321 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24583263 f irozzo "We also identify Spi1 as a common downstream target gene of Etv2 and Gata2. We provide evidence that Etv2 and Gata2 bind to the Spi1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Etv2 and Gata2 synergistically transactivate Spi1 gene expression." SIGNOR-256006 PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT ITPRIPL1 protein Q6GPH6 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21368195 f gcesareni "Recruitment of g protein also can activate phospholipase c (plc) that in turn increases inositol triphosphate (ip3) levels and induces ca2+ release from internal stores" SIGNOR-172500 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0003293 8276865 t milica "LPA activates its own G protein-coupled receptor(s) leading to stimulation of phospholipase C and inhibition of adenylate cyclase." SIGNOR-37365 NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12503607 t gcesareni "Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors.nteracts with casp8ap2 and ttll5/stamp. Interacts with esr1, rara and rxra." SIGNOR-96827 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270389 TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT SSTR2 protein P30874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001976 10207097 t Luana "Activation of somatostatin receptor II expression by transcription factors MIBP1 and SEF-2 in the murine brain." SIGNOR-261618 NSD3 protein Q9BZ95 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 28205554 t irozzo "Indeed, dose-dependent TR-FRET and affinity pull-down assay confirmed the interaction of NSD3-s with MYC. Supporting functional significance of the interaction, co-expression of NSD3-s, but not the MYC-binding defective fragment of NSD3-s (1–347), stabilized MYC protein and increased MYC transcriptional activity as revealed by a MYC-driven reporter assay." SIGNOR-259200 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s." SIGNOR-272753 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257626 "Dynorphin A" smallmolecule CHEBI:4727 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258795 VPS33B protein Q9H267 UNIPROT "CHEVI complex" complex SIGNOR-C269 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29778605 t lperfetto "It has been recently suggested that VPS33B and VIPAR comprise two subunits of a novel multi-subunit tethering complex (named ""CHEVI"")" SIGNOR-261830 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF145 protein Q96MT1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270995 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser838 LVFDYEGsGSEAASL 10090 BTO:0000944 10671552 t llicata "Casein kinase II phosphorylation of E-cadherin increases E-cadherin/beta-catenin interaction and strengthens cell-cell adhesion. | All mutants showed a clear reduction in phosphorylation. Phosphorylation was completely abolished in the single mutant S855A and the double mutant S853/855A, and phosphorylation in S840A and S853A mutants was reduced to 43 and 28% that of wt GST-ECT. | Expression of the E-cadherin double mutant S853A/S855A in NIH3T3 cells expressing Wnt-1 reduces cell-cell adhesion." SIGNOR-250839 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1782 GAEIITQsPGRSSVA 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 11029056 t gcesareni "Specific phosphorylation states may enhance the interaction of map2 with the actin cytoskeleton, thereby providing a regulated mechanism for map2 function within distinct cytoskeletal domains" SIGNOR-83100 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser159 HGHVRSLsERLLQLS 24225952 t lperfetto "The N-terminal regions of Amot proteins contain a conserved HXRXXS consensus site for LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation.|Amot family members. Knockdown of LATS1 and LATS2 endogenously reduced the phosphorylation of Amots detected by the phospho-specific antibodies. Mutation of the serine to alanine within this HXRXXS site in Amot and AmotL2 established that this site was essential for Hippo core kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Wild-type and non-phosphorylated Amot (Amot-S175A) were targeted to actin filaments, whereas phospho-mimic Amot (Amot-S175D) failed to be localized with actin." SIGNOR-272084 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251618 "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257708 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257902 linifanib chemical CHEBI:91435 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16648571 t Gianni "ABT-869 is a structurally novel, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that is a potent inhibitor of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor families" SIGNOR-262206 cabozantinib chemical CHEBI:72317 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207845 CBX1 protein P83916 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-265323 FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT VTN protein P04004 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 2243140 t Regulation miannu "Fibrinogen y-chain carboxyterminal (GQQHHLGGAKQAGDV) peptides inhibit fibrinogen, fibronectin (Fn), vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to the platelet glycoprotein Ilb-Illa complex (GP lIbII1a)." SIGNOR-251969 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000669 15568017 t gcesareni "Using a combination of in vitro explant assays, mutant analysis and gene delivery into mouse embryos cultured ex vivo, we demonstrate that adenylyl cyclase signalling via PKA and its target transcription factor CREB are required for WNT-directed myogenic gene expression." SIGNOR-131307 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24647478 t lperfetto "Stimulation of tyrosine kinase receptors initiates a signaling cascade that activates pi3k. Activated pi3k uses pip2 to generate pip3, 24647478" SIGNOR-252712 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT BTG2 protein P78543 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 16281084 f "After AR antagonist flutamide treatment, three hundred and twenty-six genes (3.93%) expressed differentially, 97 down-regulated and 219 up-regulated. Among them, eight up-regulated genes might be cell cycle-related, namely CDC10, NRAS, BTG1, Wee1, CLK3, DKFZP564A122, CDKN1A and BTG2. The CDKN1A and BTG1 gene mRNA expression was confirmed to be higher in the experimental group by RT-PCR, while p53 mRNA expression had no significant changes." SIGNOR-253674 GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT "2-ammonio-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58725 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21310273 t miannu "GFPT1 catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamine onto fructose-6-phosphate, yielding glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) and glutamate. This transamidase reaction has been identified as the first and rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is the obligatory source of essential amino sugars for the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans" SIGNOR-267817 TLK1 protein Q9UKI8 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser328 VLPSISLsPGPQPPK 9606 24376897 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q9UKI8-2" llicata "Here we show that rad9 is phosphorylated in a tlk-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo, and that t355 within the c-terminal tail is the primary targeted residue." SIGNOR-203499 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ELK3 protein P41970 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 11042694 t miannu "JNK binds to the J box in the middle of the protein, and binding is required for phosphorylation of the adjacent EXport motif. Both the binding and phosphorylation sites (the JEX element) are important for Net export." SIGNOR-250139 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr203 QGHVRTHtGEKPFSC 9606 21952048 t lperfetto "Lats2 kinase potentiates snail1 activity by promoting nuclear retention upon phosphorylation. during tgf_-induced emt lats2 is activated and snail1 phosphorylated at t203." SIGNOR-176647 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2V1 protein Q13404 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271321 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAPH1 protein Q70E73 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr513 GKQLYMNyQEALKRT -1 20417104 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of Lpd by c-Abl increases its interaction with Ena/VASP proteins. This analysis revealed that, in vitro, four Lpd peptides harboring tyrosines (Y426, Y456, Y513, Y1226) are highly phosphorylated, and eight additional peptides are phosphorylated to a lesser extent (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-262608 NOSIP protein Q9Y314 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 25546391 t miannu " NOSIP mediates the monoubiquitination of the PP2A catalytic subunit and the loss of NOSIP results in an increase in PP2A activity in craniofacial tissue in NOSIP knockout mice. " SIGNOR-271498 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15616583 t gcesareni "Conversely, dapk promotes the cytoplasmic retention of erk, thereby inhibiting erk signaling in the nucleus." SIGNOR-132610 SEC24C protein P53992 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265294 VDR protein P11473 UNIPROT CYP24A1 protein Q07973 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000067 9687155 f miannu "Repression of basal transcription of a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) responsive 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24) promoter construct as observed in kidney cells in the absence of ligand and this repression was dependent on a functional vitamin D response element (VDRE). Basal repression was also seen with a construct where a consensus DR-3-type VDRE was fused to the thymidine kinase promoter. Expression of a dominant negative vitamin D receptor (VDR) isoform that strongly bound to the VDRE motif in the CYP24 promoter ablated basal repression." SIGNOR-255599 BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR CRY2 protein Q49AN0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements." SIGNOR-267968 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser859 DTSSLTQsAPASPTN 9606 BTO:0000007 19864431 t lperfetto "Strikingly, raptor Ser(863) phosphorylation is absolutely required for raptor Ser(859) and Ser(855) phosphorylation. These data suggest that mTORC1 activation leads to raptor multisite phosphorylation and that raptor Ser(863) phosphorylation functions as a master biochemical switch that modulates hierarchical raptor phosphorylation (e.g. on Ser(859) and Ser(855))" SIGNOR-188920 KLF6 protein Q99612 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15917248 f fspada "We have identified kr?ppel-like factor-6 (klf6), a recently described tumor suppressor gene, as a repressor of the proto-oncogene delta-like 1 (dlk1), a gene encoding a transmembrane protein that inhibits adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-137807 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000182;BTO:0000018 SIGNOR-C2 15718470 t lperfetto "The rictor-mtor complex directly phosphorylated akt/pkb on ser473 in vitro and facilitated thr308 phosphorylation by pdk1" SIGNOR-252599 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT SERPIND1 protein P05546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val458 QATTVTTvGFMPLST -1 2318847 t miannu "Amino acid sequence analysis led to the conclusion that both neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G cleave HC at Ile66, which does not affect HC activity, and at Val439, near the reactive site Leu444, which inactivates HC." SIGNOR-256510 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF6 protein Q9Y252 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271032 NEU1 protein Q99519 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0003554 32164705 f Giorgia "Taken together, these findings indicate that NEU1 overexpression reduces cell proliferation and enhances cell apoptosis through by downregulation of FN-integrin β1-mediated Akt signaling pathway." SIGNOR-260659 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PTHLH protein P12272 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr121 YKEQPLKtPGKKKKG 9606 10373465 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at the cyclin-dependent kinases site (thr85) of parathyroid hormone-related protein negatively regulates its nuclear localization" SIGNOR-68544 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser474 HFPQFSYsASGRE 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248609 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0000975 11145955 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on ser383 and ser389 of elk-1 by mapk enhances this basal binding but, most importantly, elk-1 exhibits new interactions with p300." SIGNOR-85514 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 8837778 t lperfetto "Il-1 treatment of 293 cells induces the association of traf6 with irak." SIGNOR-44234 ADK protein P55263 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33961946 t miannu "Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5‚Ä≤-adenosine monophosphate. The enzyme exists in two isoforms: a long isoform (ADK-long, ADK-L) and a short isoform (ADK-short, ADK-S)." SIGNOR-267840 8-OH-DPAT chemical CHEBI:73364 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258847 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser138 MEDLTNVsSLLNMER 9606 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265228 HIP1 protein O00291 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001130 16027218 f miannu "Hip1 as a transcriptional regulator of the ar / silencing hip1 expression reduces the transcriptional activity and protein levels of the ar" SIGNOR-138820 apraclonidine chemical CHEBI:2788 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 8784451 t miannu "we describe full details of our studies with 2-[(5-methylbenz-1-ox-4-azin-6-yl)imino]imidazoline (AGN 193080, 3), a potent, selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist that does not cross the blood−brain barrier." SIGNOR-258498 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT UBA1 protein P22314 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sPLSKKRR 9606 9099746 t lperfetto "Ubiquitin-activating enzyme, e1, is phosphorylated in mammalian cells by the protein kinase cdc2. Each serine residue was independently mutated to an alanine and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis;only serine 4 was phosphorylated. Disruption of the basic amino acids within the nls resulted in loss of exclusive nuclear localization and a 90-95% decrease in the phosphorylation of ha1-e1" SIGNOR-47162 PCM1 protein Q15154 UNIPROT CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 15659651 t miannu "Recruitment of nek2 and c-nap1 to the centrosome is dependent on pcm-1" SIGNOR-133334 WNT8A protein Q9H1J5 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131984 SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 31110017 t miannu "The normal function of the small presynaptic protein α-synuclein (α-syn) is of exceptional interest, not only in the context of neurodegeneration, but also as a cytosolic regulator of neurotransmission. we show that α-syn-VAMP2 interactions are necessary for α-syn-induced synaptic attenuation. Our data connect divergent views and suggest a unified model of α-syn function. the data indicate that α-syn–VAMP2 binding is essential for α-syn function and advocate an “interlocking model” where α-syn multimers on the SV surface interact with VAMP2 on adjacent SVs, helping to maintain physiologic SV clustering." SIGNOR-264104 SNRPB protein P14678 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270656 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268715 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation His22 SNFEHRVhTGFDPQE -1 12860998 t miannu "Active form of Cdc42, but not Rac1 and Rho, protein was able to activate the purified GST-Pak5 autophosphorylation and kinase activity. Mutations of Pak5, which disrupted the interaction of Cdc42 and Pak5, also abolished the induction of autophosphorylation.  The H19L/H22L mutant of Pak5 was insensitive to the Cdc42-induced autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-250249 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000562 9211863 t gcesareni "Heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activation by insulin results from ser-466 and ser-483 phosphorylation and requires 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, but not protein kinase b." SIGNOR-49371 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17959673 t lperfetto "In this study, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of p50 and p65 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac) is essential for nf-kappab dna binding and transactivation activity. treatment with h89 and knockdown of pkac in cells led to the inhibition of phosphorylation at p50 ser(337) and p65 ser(276) and loss of dna binding by nf-kappab." SIGNOR-217391 "CPSF complex" complex SIGNOR-C53 SIGNOR PAPOLB protein Q9NRJ5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 14749727 t lperfetto "Recombinant hfip1 is sufficient to stimulate the in vitro polyadenylation activity of pap in a u-rich element-dependent manner. hfip1, cpsf160 and pap form a ternary complex in vitro, suggesting that hfip1 and cpsf160 act together in poly(a) site recognition and in cooperative recruitment of pap to the rna." SIGNOR-268324 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 ATPAARAsKKILLPE 9606 BTO:0000007 11042191 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of GRK2 by protein kinase C abolishes its inhibition by calmodulin. In vitro, GRK2 was preferentially phosphorylated by PKC isoforms alpha, gamma, and delta. Two-dimensional peptide mapping of PKCalpha-phosphorylated GRK2 showed a single site of phosphorylation, which was identified as serine 29 by HPLC-MS. A S29A mutant of GRK2 was not phosphorylated by PKC in vitro and showed no phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation when transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells." SIGNOR-249058 CFB protein P00751 UNIPROT "C3 convertase complex (C3bBb)" complex SIGNOR-C314 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000089 cleavage:Arg259 GPGEQQKrKIVLDPS 26489954 t "complement factor B, b fragment: PRO_0000027547" lperfetto "Surface‐associated C3b recruits FB, which leads to FB activation and the formation of C3bBb, the AP C3 convertase, which cleaves more C3 and amplifies complement activation. In addition to the surface‐bound C3 convertase, a fluid‐phase convertase can be formed by association of water‐reacted C3, termed C3(H20), to FB thus constantly maintaining a low level of complement activation in solution (tick‐over)" SIGNOR-263486 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NHEJ1 protein Q9H9Q4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser251 ASLQGIDsQCVNQPE 9606 18644470 t lperfetto "Here, we have identified two major in vitro dna-pk phosphorylation sites in the c-terminal region of xlf, serines 245 and 251. We show that these represent the major phosphorylation sites in xlf in vivo and that serine 245 is phosphorylated in vivo by dna-pk, while serine 251 is phosphorylated by ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm)." SIGNOR-179528 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 10199825 t gcesareni "We studied the ability of et receptors to activate galfa13 using an assay for g protein alfa-chain activation that is based on the fact that an activated (gtp-bound) alfa-chain is resistant to trypsinization compared with an inactive (gdp-bound) alfa-chain." SIGNOR-66856 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10082551 f lperfetto "During embryogenesis, the MEF2 genes are expressed throughout developing skeletal and cardiac muscle lineages, as well as in the nervous system (19, 42, 65, 68).MEF2C is the first member of the family to be expressed in developing muscle cell lineages, with transcripts appearing in precardiac cells by about embryonic day 7.75 and in skeletal muscle precursor cells within the myotome of the developing somites by embryonic day 8.5. Soon thereafter, the other MEF2 genes are expressed in overlapping patterns (19). After birth, the expression of MEF2A, -B, and -Dbecomes ubiquitous, whereas the expression of MEF2C becomes restricted to skeletal muscle, brain, and spleen" SIGNOR-219368 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser283 RSVPEPLsPVSSLQA 9606 16027724 t miannu "ERK2, p38alpha and GSK-3beta can phosphorylate Cdx2 in vitro and that the 4S motif is required for phosphorylation by GSK-3beta and p38alpha|Phosphorylation of the homeotic tumor suppressor Cdx2 mediates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation" SIGNOR-250092 "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "Insertion into mitochondrial membrane" phenotype SIGNOR-PH193 SIGNOR up-regulates 32074073 f lperfetto "Mitochondrial precursor proteins with amino-terminal presequences are imported via the presequence pathway, utilizing the TIM23 complex for inner membrane translocation. Initially, the precursors pass the outer membrane through the TOM complex and are handed over to the TIM23 complex where they are sorted into the inner membrane or translocated into the matrix." SIGNOR-267709 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser303 DPDAKGLsDPGKIKR 9606 SIGNOR-C15 12740371 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that ampk directly phosphorylates hnf4 and represses its transcriptional activity. Ampk-mediated phosphorylation of hnf4 on serine 304 had a 2-fold effect" SIGNOR-101101 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr568 EEINGNNyVYIDPTQ 9606 BTO:0001271 12824176 t lperfetto "Upon binding its ligand, stem cell factor (scf), c-kit forms an active dimer that autophosphorylates itself and activates a signaling cascade that induces cell growth./ Tyr-568 and tyr-570 are significantly phosphorylated" SIGNOR-102633 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT FLCN protein Q8NFG4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t "These data suggest that inhibition of Hsp70 does not lead to an increase in misfolded FLCN but instead to its degradation." SIGNOR-256506 KLHL13 protein Q9P2N7 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17543862 t miannu "Aurora B Interacts with the Cul3 Complex during Mitosis and Is Ubiquitylated in a Cul3-Dependent Manner In Vivo and In Vitro. our results suggest that Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 activity is required to remove the chromosomal passenger protein Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, and that Aurora B is ubiquitylated in vivo and in vitro in a KLHL9/13-dependent manner. We conclude that the Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 E3 ligase is an important cell-cycle regulator which, in addition to the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), coordinates mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis." SIGNOR-271659 WNT8B protein Q93098 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-132027 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser166 EPRSRHLsVSSQNPG 9606 12761204 t lperfetto "Inhibition of mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase 3 activity through phosphorylation by the serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1" SIGNOR-101211 SRPK2 protein P78362 UNIPROT LGMN protein Q99538 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser226 CYYDEKRsTYLGDWY 10116 BTO:0000938 28826672 t miannu "Here we report that serine-arginine protein kinase 2 (SRPK2) phosphorylates delta-secretase and enhances its enzymatic activity. SRPK2 phosphorylates serine 226 on delta-secretase and accelerates its autocatalytic cleavage, leading to its cytoplasmic translocation and escalated enzymatic activities. " SIGNOR-273569 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001412 8021507 t "In these studies, we show that NF-kappa B induces transcription from the human pro-IL-1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene." SIGNOR-255938 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0000007 10918587 t "Activation of Stat1 and Stat3 by FGFR derivatives. Lysates of 293T cells transfected as indicated were analysed by Western blotting using Phospho-Stat1 (Y701) antisera (top) or Stat1 antisera (bottom). (b) The same lysates in (a) were re-examined for phosphorylated Stat3 by Western blotting with Phospho-Stat3 (Y705) (top). all three FGFR family members examined here are able to lead to Stat activation. Expression of the 'TDII-like' derivatives of FGFR1, FGFR3, and FGFR4, as well as myrR1-WT, led to phosphorylation of both Stat1 and Stat3." SIGNOR-251139 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser484 VLDIEQFsTVKGVNL -1 8144599 t "Autophosphorylation of GRK5 occurs primarily at residues Ser-484 and Thr-485. Phospholipid-stimulated autophosphorylation activates the G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5." SIGNOR-251201 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 TFRPRSSsNASSVST 10090 10217147 t "Here we show that protein kinase B phosphorylates AFX, a human orthologue of daf -16 (refs 5, 6, 9), both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-251478 N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide chemical CHEBI:63082 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Thus, overall, salmeterol is a highly selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist because of its higher β2-affinity and not because of higher β2-intrinsic efficacy. A similar reasoning can be applied to formoterol, although this agonist has higher intrinsic efficacy at all three receptors (rank 6, 8 and 5 at β1, β2 and β3)." SIGNOR-257853 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21511880 t gcesareni "We report the crucial underlying role of the intranuclear heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone complex in pulsatile GR regulation. Pharmacological interference of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with geldanamycin during the intranuclear chaperone cycle completely ablated GR's cyclical activity, cyclical cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) binding protein (CBP)/p300 recruitment, and the associated cyclical acetylation at the promoter region." SIGNOR-251667 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SH2D2A protein Q9NP31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr305 GEAPSNIyVEVEDEG 9606 18541536 t miannu "Here we mapped Lck phosphorylation and interaction sites on TSAd and evaluated their functional importance. The three C-terminal TSAd tyrosines Tyr(280), Tyr(290), and Tyr(305) were phosphorylated by Lck and functioned as docking sites for the Lck Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. Lck binds to TSAd prolines and phosphorylates and interacts with the three C-terminal TSAd tyrosines. We propose that through multivalent interactions with Lck, TSAd diverts Lck from phosphorylating other substrates, thus modulating its functional activity through substrate competition." SIGNOR-262890 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT Thrombin-Thrombomodulin complex SIGNOR-C316 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Thrombin also activates the negative regulators of the cascade, after complexing with thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), to activate protein C (PC) to activated PC (APC)." SIGNOR-263550 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT SPIN1 protein Q9Y657 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser124 RVATSRIsDAHLADT 9606 BTO:0000567 22258766 t miannu "The Ser84 and Ser99 amino acids within SPINDLIN1 were further identified as the key functional sites in WNT/TCF-4 signaling activation. Mutation of these two sites of SPINDLIN1 abolished its effects on promoting WNT/TCF-4 signaling and cancer cell proliferation. We further found that Aurora-A could interact with and phosphorylate SPINDLIN1 at its key functional sites, Ser84 and Ser99, suggesting that phosphorylation of SPINDLIN1 is involved in its oncogenic function." SIGNOR-273550 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT DLC1 protein Q96QB1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1244 NTLKRENsSPRVMQR 9606 21087603 t gcesareni "The tumor suppressor protein dlc1 is regulated by pkd-mediated gap domain phosphorylation.Our results thus show that pkd-mediated phosphorylation of dlc1 on serine 807 negatively regulates dlc1 cellular function." SIGNOR-169994 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser671 RKRSTRRsVRGSQAQ 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272507 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser597 VPMNPNLsSEDPNLF 9606 15379552 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylation enhances hgf-dependent gab1/pi3k but inhibits egf-dependent gab1/pi3k association and activation implicates that mapk activation provides another specific regulatory mechanism which can result in divergent effects for distinct rtks.we identified four serine and two threonine residues that are phosphorylated by erk in vitro. Five of these phosphorylation sites (t312, s454, t476, s581, s597)" SIGNOR-129192 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257312 ELP1 protein O95163 UNIPROT "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28601220 t miannu "Elongator is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex consisting of two sets of six Elp proteins, while homologues of its catalytic subunit Elp3 are found in all the kingdoms of life. Although it was originally described as a transcription elongation factor, cumulating evidence suggests that its primary function is catalyzing tRNA modifications. In humans, defects in Elongator subunits are associated with neurological disorders and cancer." SIGNOR-269708 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT MYOD/E2-2 complex SIGNOR-C129 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16847330 t 2 miannu "The MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors function as heterodimers with members of the E-protein family to induce myogenic gene activation." SIGNOR-241100 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser667 SSLIRKRsTRRSVRG 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272508 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21620960 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. In addition, phosphorylation of afx by protein kinase b inhibits its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252824 HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256984 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17093501 t lperfetto "We found that IL-4, like IFN-gamma, induces rapid de novo expression of SOCS-1 in primary macrophages. Induction of SOCS-1 gene expression by IL-4 is STAT6-dependent." SIGNOR-249570 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr78 RAIDFSPyLEPLGAP 9606 BTO:0000007 19563810 t gcesareni "The y79 amino acid residue of c/ebpbeta was phosphorylated by c-abl or arg. The phosphorylation of c/ebpbeta resulted in an increased c/ebpbeta stability and a potentiation of c/ebpbeta transcription activation activity in cells" SIGNOR-186423 CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "Taken together, these data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm. In this scenario,the release by immune effector cells of large amounts of pro-in-flammatory cytokines (IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-33,TNFα, TGFβ) and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2, CCL3,CCL5) precipitates and sustains the aberrant systemic inflammatoryresponse. The cytokine storm is readily followed by theimmune system “attacking” the body, which in turn will cause ARDSand multiple organ failure, the final result being death, at least in themost severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection" SIGNOR-261030 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT ZHX1 protein Q9UKY1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" sumoylation Lys159 TFDGSFVkEENAEQA 9606 BTO:0000007 23686912 t miannu "Here, we report that the SUMO-E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 was identified to interact with ZHX1 by an interaction screen using a yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays. Further study showed that ZHX1 is SUMOylated by Ubc9 with SUMO1 at the sites K159, K454, and K626. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SUMOylation of ZHX1 regulated the stability, ubiquitination and transcriptional activity of ZHX1. The sumoylation of zinc‐fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) by ubc9 regulates its stability and transcriptional repression activity. However, in the current work, we demonstrated that ZHX1 was only SUMOylated by SUMO1." SIGNOR-263899 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269637 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein Q9P2S2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264156 adapalene chemical CHEBI:31174 ChEBI RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 30836068 t miannu "Adapalene, the third-generation synthetic retinoid,selectively bound to specific RAR, thus activating genes responsible forcellular differentiation. It showed greatest affinity for subtypes RARβ in dermal fibroblasts (Kd value 34 nM) and RARγ in the epidermis (Kdvalue 130 nM)" SIGNOR-258488 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT HOXA5 protein P20719 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 16990763 f gcesareni "Other than a role in t-cell development, the hox genes may be involved in alternative notchregulated processes in hematopoietic stem cells. Notch signaling is clearly important for self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitors (reviewed by radkte et al. 57). Interestingly, hoxa5, a9 and a10 were found to be part of the stem cell profile'" SIGNOR-149770 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser646 LKHERFQsLSFPHTK 9606 20719863 t llicata "Hese results indicated that chk1-mediated phosphorylation on blm at ser(646) might be a determinant for regulating subnuclear localization and could act as a marker for the activation status of blm in response to dna damage." SIGNOR-167534 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1048 GMTCAELyEKLPQGY -1 11513602 t lperfetto "Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis of a tie2 autophosphorylation time course showed that tyr992 on the putative activation loop was phosphorylated first followed by tyr1108 in the c-terminal tail autophosphorylation of tie2 to produce ptie2 resulted in a 100-fold increase in kcat and a 460-fold increase in kcat/km." SIGNOR-109786 PARK7 protein Q99497 UNIPROT "MTA1/DJ1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C123 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21368136 t 1 miannu "we found that the MTA1/DJ1 complex is required for optimum stimulation of the TH expression by paired like homeodomain transcription factor (Pitx3) homeodomain transcription factor and that the MTA1/DJ1 complex is recruited to the TH gene chromatin via the direct interaction of MTA1 with Pitx3." SIGNOR-239448 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 16046471 t lperfetto "Rela is phosphorylated at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k) .we now present evidence that suggests that the upstream kinase ikkbeta plays an important role in tax-induced p53 inhibition through phosphorylation of p65/rela at ser-536. .Ikkbeta Plays an important role in tax-induced p53 inhibition through phosphorylation of p65/rela at ser-536. ." SIGNOR-217427 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1490 AILNPPPsPATERSH 9606 SIGNOR-C110 16341017 t gcesareni "Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3), which is known for its inhibitory role in wnt through the promotion of beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation, mediates the phosphorylation and activation of lrp6. We show that wnt induces sequential phosphorylation of lrp6 by gsk3 and casein kinase 1, and this dual phosphorylation promotes the engagement of lrp6 with the scaffolding protein axin." SIGNOR-143041 Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR CREB3L1 protein Q96BA8 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16417584 f miannu "Oasis (old astrocyte specifically induced substance) is an er stress transducer in astrocytes, a membrane-bound transcription factor that activates genes in the er stress response / when unfolded proteins accumulate in the er, oasis is cleaved at the membrane to release its cytoplasmic domain, which then enters the nucleus and activates target genes." SIGNOR-143823 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002733 16985513 f "High glucose-induced Pax-2 gene expression is mediated, at least in part, via ROS generation and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, but not via protein kinase C, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and p44/42 MAPK signaling." SIGNOR-252295 TUBD1 protein Q9UJT1 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28347630 f miannu "Microtubules are essential for the generation, migration and differentiation of neurons. Within dendrites microtubules have also been implicated in the formation and plasticity of spines. For instance, the treatment of hippocampal neurons with low doses of the microtubule destabilizing drug Nocodazole impairs BDNF induced dendritic spine formation" SIGNOR-267177 POLR2F protein P61218 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266170 SLC24A5 protein Q71RS6 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264393 PLCE1 protein Q9P212 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12645577 f miannu "TNF-alpha Binds to tnfr1 and activates pc-plc to induce pkc? And c-src activation" SIGNOR-99307 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12493763 t lperfetto "We identify a new family of HDAC1,2-associated complexes containing BHC110. Moreover, we define the polypeptide composition of a novel member of this family containing the candidate gene for X-linked mental retardation XFIM and the initiator-binding protein TFII-I." SIGNOR-268539 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 9566916 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P11274-1" gcesareni "These results illustrate selectivity in the effects of ptps in a cellular context and suggest that ptp1b may function as a specific, negative regulator of p210 bcr-abl signalling in vivo." SIGNOR-56818 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 19782033 t miannu "BACURDs form ubiquitin ligase complexes, which selectively ubiquitinate RhoA, with Cul3. Our studies reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoA degradation and regulating RhoA function in various biological contexts, which involves a Cul3/BACURD ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-264238 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 15004527 f gcesareni "Akt may serve to stimulate certain proteins (e.g., Ikk) involved in the prevention of apoptosis such as nf-kb as well as repress other proteins normally involved in the induction of apoptosis such as the forkhead transcription factors (fkhr, now know as foxo3), creb, glycogen synthetase-3 kinase-beta (gsk-3beta), fas, caspase-9 and cell cycle inhibitors such as p27" SIGNOR-252473 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser222 TSPARLGsQHSPGRT 9606 21419341 t lperfetto "Our mass spectrometry also identified abi1 s183 and s225 on abi1 (numbering corresponds to abi1 isoform 1) as sites phosphorylated on endogenous protein and in the wildtype erk-dependent in vitro phosphorylated sample. these data indicate erk phosphorylation of abi1 is required for basal and egf-induced wrc interaction with the wrp2/3 complex." SIGNOR-172873 RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 19282669 t gcesareni "The rsks catalyze the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein bad at serine 112 to promote cell survival." SIGNOR-184591 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT TEKT1 protein Q969V4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266936 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 9278515 t brain lperfetto "The PDZ domains of PSD-95 and related proteins interact with the COOH-terminal sequences of K+channels and NMDA2 receptors (3). By these interactions, PSD-95 may mediate the clustering of K+ channels and NMDA receptors at synapses." SIGNOR-264194 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR "NLRP1 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C224 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f miannu "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-263125 DAMPS stimulus SIGNOR-ST18 SIGNOR "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25720354 f scontino "APCs have several cell surface receptors that facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-267854 OTULIN protein Q96BN8 UNIPROT Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270829 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr53 PPGSLSStPLSTPCS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159394 "MSH release-inhibiting hormone" smallmolecule CID:56842142 PUBCHEM MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257536 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CCAR2 protein Q8N163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr454 AAEAAPPtQEAQGET 9606 24962073 t lperfetto "CK2alphawas bound to DBC1 and phosphorylated DBC1. The phosphorylation of DBC1 by CK2alphawas evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation of CK2alphaand DBC1 in a GST pull-down assay, an in vitro kinase assay, and immunofluorescence staining. |In our results, CK2alpha affected the|These results suggest that DBC1 may be involved in the progression of gastric carcinoma by inducing the EMT and that it is closely associated with CK2alpha-mediated phosphorylation of DBC1. phosphorylation of Thr454 on DBC1" SIGNOR-267666 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257215 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21799911 t "We show that RNF146, tankyrase, and Axin form a protein complex, and that RNF146 mediates ubiquitylation of all three proteins to target them for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-260005 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys452 EKSLVLVkLEPWLCR 9606 BTO:0002181 22951831 t scontino "One mechanism by which LMP1 regulates cellular activation is through the induction of protein posttranslational modifications. We have now identified a specific target of LMP1-induced sumoylation, interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). We hypothesize that during EBV latency, LMP1 induces the sumoylation of IRF7, limiting its transcriptional activity and modulating the activation of innate immune responses. We recently documented that LMP1 induces a third major protein modification by physically interacting with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 through CTAR3 and inducing the sumoylation of cellular proteins in latently infected cells. we identified that IRF7 is sumoylated at lysine 452." SIGNOR-266837 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "Cdc42 can induce Arp2/3-mediated filopodia formation through the activation of WASp (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins) and neuronal N-WASp (Rohatgi et al., 1999). Similarly, Rac1-enhanced lamellipodia formation is related to Arp2/3 activation by the WAVE (WASP-family verprolin-homologous) complex" SIGNOR-261869 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52087 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT TCR complex SIGNOR-C153 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 2470098 t "Last, we demonstrate directly that members of the CD3 complex, including the gamma, delta, and epsilon chains, as well as a putative zeta subunit, can be phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by the CD4/CD8.p56lck complex." SIGNOR-259932 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253461 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 12530968 f "Constitutively active Foxo1 prevents the differentiation of preadipocytes, while dominant-negative Foxo1 restores adipocyte differentiation of fibroblasts from insulin receptor-deficient mice." SIGNOR-254973 apomorphine chemical CHEBI:48538 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258375 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr186 NSQPNRYtNRVVTLW 9606 18829461 t gcesareni "Taken together, our data indicate that PPM1A and to some extent PPM1B are important negative regulators of P-TEFb function" SIGNOR-248490 BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17546047 t gcesareni "Mitochondrial survivin associated with smac/diablo, delaying its release." SIGNOR-155361 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr221 GGPEPGPyAQPSVNT 10090 15886098 t gcesareni "Rin1 binds to the abl sh3 and sh2 domains, and these interactions stimulate abl2 catalytic activity. This leads to increased phosphorylation of crk and crkl, inhibiting these cytoskeletal regulators by promoting intramolecular over intermolecular associations. the ability of crk to function as an adaptor protein is negatively regulated and terminated by phosphorylation on y221, which results in an intramolecular sh2-ptyr clamp, thereby resulting in the disassembly of crk-mediated signaling complexes" SIGNOR-136955 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258002 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270392 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr450 TAQMITItPPDQDDS 10116 BTO:0003324 16306447 t gcesareni "We report that JNKs are necessary for the reactivation of Akt after ischemic injury. We identified Thr450 of Akt as a residue that is phosphorylated by JNKs, and the phosphorylation status of Thr450 regulates reactivation of Akt after hypoxia, apparently by priming Akt for subsequent phosphorylation by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase." SIGNOR-252426 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser54 ELQPMPTsPGVDLQS 9606 BTO:0000567 12714602 t lperfetto "We reported that the dna helicase activity of the human and mouse mcm4-6-7 complex, a sub-complex of the mcm2-7 heterohexamer, is inhibited by the phosphorylation by cdk2-cyclin a we identified six sites, including ser-32, ser-53, and thr-109, in the amino-terminal region of mouse mcm4 that are required for the phosphorylation with cdk2-cyclin a." SIGNOR-217348 AUTS2 protein Q8WXX7 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C408 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25519132 t miannu "We investigated the role of AUTS2 as part of a previously identified PRC1 complex (PRC1-AUTS2), and in the context of neurodevelopment. In contrast to the canonical role of PRC1 in gene repression, PRC1-AUTS2 activates transcription. Biochemical studies demonstrate that the CK2 component of PRC1-AUTS2 neutralizes PRC1 repressive activity, whereas AUTS2-mediated recruitment of P300 leads to gene activation." SIGNOR-266814 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "In the non-canonical wnt signalling pathway, frizzled uses galphaq or galphai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat." SIGNOR-152600 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr180 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9606 17548358 t gcesareni "Dually phosphorylated on thr-180 and tyr-182 by the map2ks map2k3/mkk3, map2k4/mkk4 and map2k6/mkk6 in response to inflammatory citokines, environmental stress or growth factors, which activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-155377 IL31RA protein Q8NI17 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 18926762 t gcesareni "Il-31 can activate janus kinase (jak) 1 and jak2 signaling molecules after binding to its receptor complex." SIGNOR-161342 creatine smallmolecule CHEBI:16919 ChEBI CKMT1A protein P12532 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265786 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser188 LYRSRMNsLEMTPAV 9606 BTO:0000007 15581622 t llicata "We have identified a putative consensus sequence for phosphorylation by akt/pkb of ho-1 at ser188. although the changes in activity are small, this study provides the first evidence for a role of the survival kinase akt in the regulation of ho-1." SIGNOR-252506 tandutinib chemical CHEBI:90237 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258296 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001176 19036824 t "The increase in eNOS activity coincided with specific dephosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495, known to enhance eNOS activity. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by calyculin A, tautomycetin, or siRNA against PP1 reversed NF-induced eNOS-Thr495 dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-248574 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser173 VKKNPHHsQWGDMKL -1 16540648 t llicata "Kinase phosphorylation assays were done with synthesized short peptides (20-mer) with the sequences at Ser173 and Ser196 of XPA, respectively. Both peptides seemed to be good substrates for DNA-PK, ATR ( Fig. 2D), and ATM (data not shown)." SIGNOR-250579 CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp326 YDPEMEEdSYDSFGE -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261746 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-236540 TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257023 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 11032804 t miannu "These results suggest that degradation of Skp2 in G(0)/G(1) is mediated, at least in part, by an autocatalytic mechanism involving a Skp2-bound Cul1-based core ubiquitin ligase and imply a role for this mechanism in the suppression of SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin protein ligase function during the G(0)/G(1) phases of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-272574 M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 32454942 f miannu "Macrophages and microglia show a high plasticity and have been arbitrarily classified into “M1” (proinflammatory) and “M2” (prorepair, anti-inflammatory) phenotypes depending on their activation state, although it is now widely accepted that this classification is hugely oversimplified, particularly for microglia, and only partially reflects the real situation. M2 polarized cells express a variety of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and contribute to immunoregulation" SIGNOR-263822 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CITED1 protein Q99966 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9660950 t lperfetto "The transcriptional coactivator cpb/p300 associates with nf-kappa b p65 through two sites, an n-terminal domain that interacts with the c-terminal region of unphosphorylated p65, and a second domain that only interacts with p65 phosphorylated on serine 276." SIGNOR-216331 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT HNRNPC protein P07910 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 ETNVKMEsEGGADDS 9606 15687492 t gcesareni "A kinase activity was identified in mouse liver that phosphorylates the acd of hnrnp-c at ser(240) and at two sites at ser(225)-ser(228). The kinase was purified and identified by tandem mass spectrometry as protein kinase ck1alpha (formerly casein kinase 1alpha).hnrnp-c1 that was also modified at the ck1alpha phosphorylation sites exhibited a 14-500-fold decrease in binding affinity, demonstrating that ck1alpha-mediated phosphorylation modulates the mrna binding ability of hnrnp-c." SIGNOR-133528 CD163 protein Q86VB7 UNIPROT hb:hp complex SIGNOR-C149 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 11854029 t miannu "CD163 was identified as the endocytic receptor binding hemoglobin (Hb) in complex with the plasma protein haptoglobin (Hp). This specific receptor-ligand interaction leading to removal from plasma of the Hp-Hb complex-but not free Hp or Hb-now explains the depletion of circulating Hp in individuals with increased intravascular hemolysis." SIGNOR-251823 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3Y1 protein P0DPK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkATAWQAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269597 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23230147 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "These results suggest the important role of 14-3-3 in the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly, and in the capacity to prevent the formation of NF-L aggregates. all seven isoforms specifically interacted with NF-L, but not NF-M or NF-H. specific interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with phosphorylated NF-L subunits also indicated the role of 14-3-3 and NF-L phosphorylation in the disassembly of neurofilaments. What is more, binding of 14-3-3 to phosphorylated NF-L subunits may prevent the dephosphorylation of these subunits by phosphatases, maintaining the hyperphosphorylation state of the subunits, which facilitates the disassembly of neurofilaments." SIGNOR-269953 ADSL protein P30566 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-266607 iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 23349248 t miannu "After transport through the apical membrane, I‚àí is covalently bound to the tyrosyl residues of Tg by thyroid peroxidase (TPO)." SIGNOR-259913 SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19882665 f miannu "We show that egfr-mediated signaling promotes sox2 expression, which in turn binds to the egfr promoter and directly upregulates egfr expression." SIGNOR-189036 DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000584 23537630 t "Disruption of the Dyn2-Vav1 interaction targets Vav1 to the lysosome for degradation via an interaction with the cytoplasmic chaperone Hsc70, resulting in a dramatic reduction of Vav1 protein stability." SIGNOR-259080 ETV3 protein P41162 UNIPROT DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 22028473 t miannu "ETV3 target genes including etv3, ddx20, and dusp6 provide negative feedback regulation of ETV3 production and activity. Negative feedback along with constitutive instability may serve to tightly regulate ETV3 abundance. Our date suggest that phosphorylation by ERK2 relieves repression by ETV3, allowing activation of cell cycle control genes including myc, components of the NF-κB pathway, and genes required form RNA processing and translation." SIGNOR-262780 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18247370 t miannu "The primary conclusion of the results reported here is that ERα and c‐jun, c‐fos and ATF‐2, but not Fra‐2 AP‐1 factors interact “in vivo” with specific estrogen‐responsive regulatory sequences and AP‐1 cis‐elements within the F promoter of the human ERα gene in osteoblast‐like SaOS‐2 cells." SIGNOR-263656 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16456541 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Iex-1 binds to b56 subunits and perk independently, enhances b56 phosphorylation by erk at a conserved ser/pro site in this complex and triggers dissociation from the catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-270196 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT CD8A protein P01732 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8413295 f miannu "Taken together, these results suggest that the human CD8 alpha gene is regulated by the interaction of multiple T-cell nuclear proteins with a transcriptional enhancer located in the last intron of the gene. Site-directed mutation of the Ets-1 and GATA-3 sites dramatically reduced enhancer activity." SIGNOR-254078 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT VIL1 protein P09327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr256 LKAALKLyHVSDSEG 9606 15342783 t lperfetto "These data suggest that phosphorylation of villin by c-src is involved in the actin cytoskeleton remodeling necessary for cell migration.To further investigate the role of tyrosine phosphorylated villin in cell migration, we used phosphorylation site mutants (tyrosine to phenylalanine or tyrosine to glutamic acid) in HeLa cells. We determined that tyrosine phosphorylation at residues 60, 81, and 256 of human villin played an essential role in cell migration as well as in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton" SIGNOR-247433 "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269170 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser142 TGTESMVsHRRERAR 9606 16965538 t lperfetto "Phenotypic analysis of mutant mDvl-1 indicates that phosphorylation of these sites stimulates the Dvl-activated beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling pathway in both cell culture and in Xenopus development." SIGNOR-217849 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT KRT18 protein P05783 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser53 ISVSRSTsFRGGMGS -1 7523419 t lperfetto "Ser-52 in K18 is not glycosylated and matches consensus sequences for phosphorylation by CAM kinase, S6 kinase and protein kinase C, and all these kinases can phosphorylate K18 in vitro predominantly at that site." SIGNOR-248895 TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR Interferon_Production phenotype SIGNOR-PH16 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20404851 f lperfetto "TLR signaling pathways can be largely classified as either MyD88-dependent pathways, which drive the induction of inflammatory cytokines, or TRIF-dependent pathways, which are responsible for the induction of type I interferon as well as inflammatory cytokines3." SIGNOR-216310 Angiotensin-1 protein P01019-PRO_0000032457 UNIPROT ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32201502 t miannu "At first, ACE2 has been demonstrated to induce conversion of Ang I into Ang (1–7) by means of intermediate production of Ang (1–9), a fragment with unknown function." SIGNOR-260226 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser71 RFIGRRQsLIEDARK 9606 12421349 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P07101-3" gcesareni "Mitogen-activated protein-kinase (map) kinase-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 (mapkap kinase-1, mapkap kinase-2), were found to phosphorylate bacterially expressed human tyrosine hydroxylaserecombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase (hth1) was found to be phosphorylated by mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (msk1) at ser40 and by p38 regulated/activated kinase (prak) on ser19. Phosphorylation by msk1 induced an increase in vmax" SIGNOR-95487 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1700 VNSDRRDsLQQTNTT -1 19074150 t miannu "We recently demonstrated that PKA activation led to increased alpha(1D) Ca(2+) channel activity in tsA201 cells by phosphorylation of the channel protein. Western blotting showed that the N terminus and C terminus were phosphorylated. Serines 1743 and 1816, two PKA consensus sites, were phosphorylated by PKA and identified by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-263108 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr84 TVGGPAPtPLLPPSA 9606 12478298 t lperfetto "In support of this assumption, purified gst_sam68 protein was phosphorylated by recombinant erk2we found that sam68 mutated in ser 58, thr 71 and thr 84 showed the same extent of impairment in induced exon inclusion as did sam68 mutated in all s/tp sites" SIGNOR-96418 BCS1L protein Q9Y276 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_biogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH32 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 18628306 f lperfetto "We hypothesize a working model of the function of BCS1L and LETM1 in mitochondrial biogenesis (Fig. 8E). Because BCS1L is an AAA-ATPase, the following three functions are downstream targets: (1) respiratory chain assembly, (2) mitochondrial morphology maintenance and, (3) LETM1 complex formation. BCS1L functions directly in the formation of mitochondrial tubular networks, in addition to the assembly of the supercomplexes. LETM1 has a distinct role in maintenance of mitochondrial volume and shapes, which helps – in concert with BCS1L – to achieve the efficient assembly of the respiratory chains." SIGNOR-262544 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-84041 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 10090 10448861 t miannu "Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1." SIGNOR-266318 EIF3I protein Q13347 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266392 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT SMAD4/JUN complex SIGNOR-C10 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9312063 t gcesareni "Our analysis of the regulation of dpc4 transcriptional activity by c-jun was consistent with the possibility that c-jun and dpc4 could interact and produce trans-activation of the 3tp-lux reporter." SIGNOR-51110 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT CLU protein P10909 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252187 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr128 DGEDDGDyESPNEEE 9606 BTO:0000782 12817019 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of slp-76 is required for prolonged erk activation in response to sdf-1_ cr signal transduction results in slp-76 tyrosine phosphorylation at the amino-terminal tyrosines 113, 128, and 145 via a mechanism requiring the zap-70 tyrosine kinase." SIGNOR-102511 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270731 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "The BRCA1–C complex consisting of BRCA1, Mre11:Rad50:Nbs1 (collectively known as the MRN complex) and CtIP plays a role in DSB end resection, a process that also involves EXO1 and DNA2" SIGNOR-263222 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253479 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269617 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10795740 t "We found that TNF-R1-mediated IKK activation requires both RIP and TRAF2 proteins. Although TRAF2 or RIP can be independently recruited to the TNF-R1 complex, neither one of them alone is capable of transducing the TNF signal that leads to IKK activation" SIGNOR-256252 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261655 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29207681 t miannu "In hypoxia, HIF-1α dimerizes with HIF-1β to form active HIF-1 complex. JMJD2C interacts with HIF-1α and promotes the transcriptional activation of HIF-1 targeting genes via demethylating di- and trimethylated H3K9." SIGNOR-263873 IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI GDP smallmolecule CHEBI:17552 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-268130 NACC1 protein Q96RE7 UNIPROT ZBTB14 protein O43829 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 19121354 t miannu "NAC1 potentiated ZF5 mediated repression in Gal4-DBD fusion transient assays. GST pulldown assays further confirmed protein–protein interactions between these proteins and NAC1." SIGNOR-226443 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21460634 t lperfetto "Ulk1/2 in turn phosphorylates all three subunits of ampk and thereby negatively regulates its activity." SIGNOR-217484 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr387 LPWDLWTtSTDLVQP 9606 BTO:0000567 16945112 t lperfetto "Amphiphysins interact directly with clathrin and have a function in clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle recycling and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The n-terminal domain of clathrin bound to unphosphorylated amphiphysin-1, but not to the phosphorylated protein. The assumption that casein kinase 2 phosphorylates amphiphysin-1 at t350 and t387 was corroborated by experiments showing that: casein kinase 2 phosphorylated these residues directly in vitro,. upon activation by nerve growth factor, casein kinase 2 phosphorylates amphiphysin-1 and thereby regulates the endocytosis of clathrin-coated vesicles via the interaction between clathrin and amphiphysin." SIGNOR-149318 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10207072 t gcesareni "Both p53 and rela(p65) interact with the transcriptional coactivator proteins p300 and creb-binding protein (cbp), and we demonstrate that these results are consistent with competition for a limiting pool of p300/cbp complexes in vivo." SIGNOR-66956 GTF3C5 protein Q9Y5Q8 UNIPROT TFIIIC complex SIGNOR-C392 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29378333 t lperfetto "Both yeast and human TFIIIC consist of six polypeptides organized into two globular domains" SIGNOR-266184 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 ITATSPAsMVGGKPG 10116 BTO:0000452 11287630 t lperfetto "Mtor induced the serine phosphorylation of irs-1 (ser-636/639), and such phosphorylation was inhibited by rapamycin. These results suggest that tnf impairs insulin signaling through irs-1 by activation of a pi 3-kinase/akt/mtor pathway, which is antagonized by pten" SIGNOR-106578 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP 9606 17035229 t "SCP1 Dephosphorylates Smad2/3 in the Linkers|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248791 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr201 SPLTTGVyVKMPPTE 9606 10842319 t "Janus Kinase 2 (Jak2) was directly associated with a box 1-like motif in the cytoplasmic tail of CTLA-4 molecule. Jak2 phosphorylated Y-165 residue in the cytoplasmic region of CTLA-4. It has been reported that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosine residue Y-165 in the cytoplasmic region of CTLA-4 play an important role in its negative signaling and cell surface expression. Some signaling molecules such as Src homology 2 protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3 kinase) associate with phosphorylated tyrosine residue Y-165, through Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. On the other hand, the adapter complex proteins, AP-2 and AP-50 interact with the same tyrosine residue when unphosphorylated, resulting in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of CTLA-4 molecules." SIGNOR-251346 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23400686 t gcesareni "Furthermore, akt promotes cell cycle progression through downregulation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1." SIGNOR-200875 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr1243 NGGSSLSyTNPAVAA 9606 16888623 t Manara "The results demonstrate that ABL1 phosphorylates MUC1 on Tyr-60 and forms a complex with MUC1 by binding of the ABL1 SH2 domain to the pTyr-60 site. " SIGNOR-260830 CYP11B1 protein P15538 UNIPROT corticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16827 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268682 linifanib chemical CHEBI:91435 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193660 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser171 PLCLSPAsSGSSASF 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248510 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PIP5K1C protein O60331 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr649 TDERSWVySPLHYSA 9606 15738269 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation by src of the tyrosine adjacent to s650 (y649 in human pipki gamma) was shown to enhance pipki gamma targeting to focal adhesions. We find that y649 phosphorylation does not stimulate directly pipki gamma binding to talin, but may do so indirectly by inhibiting s650 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-134459 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 23431053 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Rassf1a apparently protects mst1/2 against inactivation by pp2a, the phosphatases that dephosphorylate the stimulatory thr-183 and thr-180 of mst1 andmst2, respectively." SIGNOR-269940 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR methionine smallmolecule CHEBI:16811 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270397 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser780 STRPPTLsPIPHIPR 9606 BTO:0000150 23336272 t lperfetto "Cyclin d1 is known to activate cdk4, which then phosphorylates the rb protein, leading to cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-216988 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser274 ASPQRSRsPSPQPSS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248689 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:25094 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270405 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 19860666 f gcesareni "Gli activators bind to gaccaccca motif to regulate transcription of gli1, ptch1, ptch2, hhip1, mycn, ccnd1, ccnd2, bcl2, cflar, foxf1, foxl1, prdm1 (blimp1), jag2, grem1, and follistatin" SIGNOR-188875 CCR2 protein P41597 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 20219869 t areggio "The investigators showed that myoblasts constitutively express receptors for CCL2 (CCR2), CCL3 (CCR1 and CCR5), and CCL4 (CCR5), and that stimulation with either CCL2 or CCL4 was sufficient to promote myoblast proliferation. Furthermore, stimulation of myoblasts with CCL2, CCL3, or CCL4 was sufficient to induce phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2." SIGNOR-255117 nalbuphine chemical CHEBI:7454 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258144 HOXB6 protein P17509 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15269212 t Luana "HOXB6 protein represses globin transcript levels in stably transfected K562 cells in a DNA-binding dependent fashion." SIGNOR-261638 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HECTD1 protein Q9ULT8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271294 KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT PTHLH protein P12272 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Ser22 LLSYAVPsCGRSVEG -1 8753751 t lperfetto "Our study demonstrates that PTHrP is a substrate for PSA. The cleavage of the amino-terminal portion of PTHrP completely disrupts its ability to interact with the PTH/PTHrP receptor and thus inhibits its PTH-like activity. | Our data show that PSA proteolytically cleaves PTHrP (1-34) after either residue 22 or 23, generating three peptide fragments." SIGNOR-270547 BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17289999 t gcesareni "Bax is held in check by mcl1, bcl-2, and either bcl2l1 or bcl2l2, or by all four. They bind a primed conformer of bak or bax." SIGNOR-152989 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser36 PRKQPPVsPGTALVG 9606 17960875 t gcesareni "Here, we found that hipk2 phosphorylates hmga1a at ser-35, thr-52, and thr-77, and hmga1b at thr-41 and thr-66. In addition, we demonstrated that cdc2, which is known to phosphorylate hmga1 proteins, could induce the phosphorylation of hmga1 proteins at the same ser/thr sites. we found that the hipk2-phosphorylated hmga1a reduced the binding affinity of hmga1a to human germ line promoter, and the drop in binding affinity induced by hipk2 phosphorylation was lower than that introduced by cdc2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-158612 NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT OPHN1 protein O60890 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 35267019 t miannu "Rev-erbα regulates OPHN-1-mediated RhoA/ERM signalling in platelets., The results of the co-immunoprecipitation revealed that Rev-erbα coimmunoprecipitated with OPHN-1 in both mouse and human platelets and this interaction significantly increased upon stimulation with agonist U46619." SIGNOR-268428 TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20404851 t lperfetto "TRIF also recruits the adaptor RIP1 through the distinct RIP homotypic interaction motif. RIP1 undergoes K63-linked polyubiquitination after stimulation by TLR3 agonists, and this modification is required for NF-_B activation." SIGNOR-216313 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257960 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 KKSKISAsRKLQLKT 9606 BTO:0000887 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134636 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257157 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr66 NVNTKCItIPRSLDG 9606 18172167 t lpetrilli "Mechanistically, axin facilitates gsk3-beta-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at thr66, which triggers smad3 ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-160318 MRPL14 protein Q6P1L8 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262379 SF3B3 protein Q15393 UNIPROT SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32140746 t lperfetto "Characterization of the purified SF3b complex indicated that it consists of seven proteins with a molecular size ranging from 10 to 155 kDa [10–12] (Fig. 1a). Due to methodological differences in identifying SF3b components in human and yeast, a number of names have been designated for these proteins across different species. In this review, I will use SF3b1-7 for consistency and clarity (Fig. 1a)." SIGNOR-268405 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr45 PGGTLFStTPGGTRI -1 11777913 t lperfetto "Here, using mass spectrometry, we identify the serum-responsive, rapamycin-sensitive sites as Ser 65 and Thr 70. | Phosphorylation of Thr 37/Thr 46 is followed by Thr 70 phosphorylation, and Ser 65 is phosphorylated last. Finally, we show that phosphorylation of Ser 65 and Thr 70 alone is insufficient to block binding to eIF4E, indicating that a combination of phosphorylation events is necessary to dissociate 4E-BP1 from eIF4E." SIGNOR-249131 NEK11 protein Q8NG66 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 GSSESTDsGFCLDSP 9606 19734889 t lperfetto "Nek11 regulates cdc25a degradation and the ir-induced g2/m checkpointincubation of wild-type cdc25a with nek11 led to a marked increase in phosphorylation of ser 82 and 88 as detected with the phosphospecific antibody recognizing these sites" SIGNOR-187867 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000130 16778989 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Inhibitors of the erk1/2 pathway abrogated gm-csf-induced phosphorylation of ser345, while p38 mapk inhibitor abrogated tnf-alpha-induced phosphorylation of ser345.These results show that the ala-mutated p47phox acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of endogenous p47phox and clearly indicate that phosphorylation of ser345 is required for the priming of nadph oxidase activity in neutrophil-like cells." SIGNOR-270187 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT CILK1 protein Q9UPZ9 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr159 SKPPYTDyVSTRWYR 9606 15988018 t lperfetto "In addition, mass spectrometry showed that pp2a treatment completely abolished the dually phosphorylated form, leaving only the singly phosphorylated form (data not shown). We conclude that a portion of ick in unstimulated and asynchronized hek293t cells is dually phosphorylated on the tdy motif." SIGNOR-138432 ATF3 protein P18847 UNIPROT ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12881527 f miannu "Transcription from the ASNS (asparagine synthetase) gene is increased in response to either amino acid (amino acid response) or glucose (endoplasmic reticulum stress response) deprivation. the results provide evidence for a potential role of multiple predicted ATF3 isoforms in the transcriptional regulation of the ASNS gene in response to nutrient deprivation." SIGNOR-253746 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191145 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21304099 f lperfetto "The Il-1 family of ligands and receptors is primarily associated with acute and chronic inflammation." SIGNOR-171876 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258631 DRAM2 protein Q6UX65 UNIPROT RHOB protein P62745 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30755245 f irozzo "Here, we show that DRAM2 may act as an oncogenic regulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, DRAM2 overexpression increased the expression of proteins RAC1, RHOA, RHOC, ROCK1, and decreased RHOB expression, all of which are cell migration factors." SIGNOR-259145 PRR5 protein P85299 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205621 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251631 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr282 RGKEGPGtPTRSSVI 9606 BTO:0001271 18246121 t llicata "Here we show that the main cyclin-dependent kinase involved at the g(1) to s transition (cdk2) phosphorylates plzf at two consensus sites found within pest domains present in the hinge region of the protein. This phosphorylation triggers the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of plzf, which impairs plzf transcriptional repression ability and antagonizes its growth inhibitory effects." SIGNOR-160630 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPVVKRL 9606 12193595 t lperfetto "We show that phosphorylation of Smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) increases the amount of Smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity.[] A site of ERK-dependent phosphorylation on Smad2 was located to Thr8" SIGNOR-227514 GPR34 protein Q9UPC5 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256967 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNN2 protein Q9H2S1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser569 SRRRRSSsTAPPTSS 9606 16513649 t llicata "Mutagenesis and mass spectrometry studies identified four pka phosphorylation sites: ser465 (minor site) and three amino acid residues ser568, ser569, and ser570 (major sites) within the carboxyl-terminal region. pka activation decreased sk2 surface localization" SIGNOR-145044 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24743741 f "Activation of PDGFRα stimulates proliferation of PDGFRα(+) cells through PI3K-Akt and MEK2-MAPK signaling pathways, and aberrant accumulation of PDGFRα(+) cells was conspicuous in muscles of patients with both genetic and non-genetic muscle diseases." SIGNOR-254374 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18042454 t miannu "We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity." SIGNOR-159361 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser346 LLCLRRSsLKAYGNG 9606 11809767 t lperfetto "Akt mediates sequestration of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor in response to insulin. Phosphorylation studies of the c-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor by akt in vitro identified ser(345) and ser(346) within a consensus motif for akt phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252470 PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT ACSL1 protein P33121 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003204 17150915 f miannu "To investigate the intimate function of PPARalpha in the kidney, we analyzed the target gene expression in human metastatic renal cell carcinoma cell line, Caki-1, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PPARalpha and real-time RT-PCR methods. We found that some selected genes (long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase (FACL1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3)) were down-regulated by PPARalpha siRNA." SIGNOR-255044 NRG3 protein P56975 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-122059 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR CUL2 protein Q13617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243154 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17936701 t "We found that pVHL associates with the NF-kappaB agonist Card9 but does not target Card9 for destruction. Instead, pVHL serves as an adaptor that promotes the phosphorylation of the Card9 C terminus by CK2." SIGNOR-266899 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21210296 f gcesareni "Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane allows the leakage of at least five apoptotic mediators from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, such as cyt c, (diablo/diablo), htra2/omi, apoptosis-inducing factors (aif), and endonuclease g. Such modifications result in their activation and translocation to outer mitochondrial membrane (omm) which helps it to interact with multidomain pro-apototic members, bax/baklike proteins, leading to their oligomerization and formation of pore." SIGNOR-170966 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9606 BTO:0002181 SIGNOR-C3 10942774 t lperfetto "PHAS-I in adipocytes and HEK293 cells is phosphorylated in the following five sites, all of which conform to a (S/T)P motif (9, 10): Thr-36, Thr-45, Ser-64, Thr-69, and Ser-82. Thr-45 and Ser-64 flank the eIF4E-binding motif (7, 8), and phosphorylation of either site blocks eIF4E binding in vitro (10, 11). Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of Thr-36, Thr-45, Ser-64, and Thr-69 in both fat cells and HEK293 cells, and incubating cells with rapamycin decreases the phosphorylation of these sites.Immunoprecipitated epitope-tagged mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylated Thr-36/45. mTOR also phosphorylated Thr-69 and Ser-64 but only when purified immune complexes were incubated with the activating antibody, mTAb1." SIGNOR-226710 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 15821101 t "PTP1B was able to dephosphorylate activated JAK2 and STAT3 in vitro, whereas either no or a minimal effect was observed with cluster of differentiation 45 (CD45), PTPalpha and leukocyte antigen-related (LAR). By utilisation of a selective PTP1B inhibitor, the leptin-induced STAT3 activation was enhanced in cells. In conclusion, these results suggested that the negative regulatory role of PTP1B on leptin signalling is mediated through a direct and selective dephosphorylation of the two signalling molecules, JAK2 and STAT3." SIGNOR-248427 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002144 28194038 f "inferred from family member" "FLT3/ITD causes a significant increase in aerobic glycolysis through AKT-mediated upregulation of mitochondrial hexokinase (HK2), and renders the leukemia cells highly dependent on glycolysis and sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of glycolytic activity" SIGNOR-270268 RNF19B protein Q6ZMZ0 UNIPROT UCKL1 protein Q9NWZ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000914 16709802 t miannu "We demonstrated that both UbcH7 and UbcH8 bind to full-length NKLAM.  We demonstrated decreased protein expression and enhanced ubiquitination of URKL-1 in the presence of NKLAM. These data indicate that NKLAM is a RING finger protein that binds Ubcs and has as one of its substrates, URKL-1, thus defining this cytolytic protein as an E3 ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-271590 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 FLMECRNsPVTKTPP 9606 23486913 t lperfetto "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway. Specifically as part of mtorc1, mtor directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein s6 kinases (s6k1 and s6k2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-217137 AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT AHR-ARNT complex SIGNOR-C125 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 9020169 t 2 miannu "SIM1 and SIM2, and the mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) proteins are members of the basic-helix-loop-helix·PAS family of transcription factors. In the yeast two-hybrid system, we demonstrate strong constitutive interaction of ARNT with SIM1 and SIM2 and fully ligand-dependent interaction of ARNT with AHR. SIM1 inhibits binding of the AHR·ARNT dimer to the xenobiotic response element in vitro Introduction of SIM1 into hepatoma cells inhibits transcriptional transactivation by the endogenous AHR·ARNT dimer." SIGNOR-240817 SIRT3 protein Q9NTG7 UNIPROT IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT up-regulates deacetylation Lys413 VESGAMTkDLAGCIH 9606 22416140 t miannu "Site-specific, genetic incorporation of n(_)-acetyllysine into position 413 of idh2 revealed that acetylated idh2 displays a dramatic 44-fold loss in activity. Deacetylation by sirt3 fully restored maximum idh2 activity." SIGNOR-196617 ADORA3 protein P0DMS8 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256671 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12076252 t gcesareni "We discovered that azc, an agent that causes the formation of abnormal proteins, stimulates the stress-activated kinase p38 mapk, which phosphorylates atf6" SIGNOR-89813 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11368516 f gcesareni "Shp (short heterodimer partner) is an orphan nuclear receptor lacking a dna binding domain that interacts with nuclear receptors (nr) including thyroid receptor (tr), retinoic acid receptors (rar and rxr), and estrogen receptors alpha and beta (eralpha and erbeta). Shp acts as a negative regulator of these receptors by inhibiting dna binding and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-108248 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "In this study, we demonstrate that akt also regulates the activity of fkhrl1, a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors. In the presence of survival factors, akt phosphorylates fkhrl1, leading to fkhrl1's association with 14-3-3 proteins and fkhrl1's retention in the cytoplasm. Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252818 IDH complex SIGNOR-C396 SIGNOR NADH smallmolecule CHEBI:16908 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the Œ±2Œ≤Œ≥ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into Œ±-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-266260 MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT LHX2 protein P50458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 9697309 t 2 miannu "Protein complex formation between Msx1 and Lhx2 homeoproteins is incompatible with DNA binding activity" SIGNOR-241330 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr36 LPPGDYStTPGGTLF 9606 9465032 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)- binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and the p70 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1). Raft1 phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 on thr-36 and thr-45 blocks its association with the cap-binding protein, eif-4e,in vitro. in response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-217086 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DMB protein P28068 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 9300700 f "The class II transactivator (CIITA) is a highly specific transcription factor that activates only genes known to be involved in the class II MHC processing pathway, including class II MHC, invariant chain, and HLA-DMA/B genes." SIGNOR-254014 PIGBOS1 protein A0A0B4J2F0 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31653868 f miannu "We then confirmed via Western blot that TM treatment of PIGBOS-KD cells led to higher ATF4 and CHOP protein levels (Supplementary Fig. 13h). These data identified PIGBOS as a heretofore unknown mitochondrial regulator of UPR, and the only known microprotein linked to the regulation of cell stress or inter-organelle signaling. Upon UPR induction with TM, the loss of PIGBOS led to dramatic increases in the levels of all UPR target genes measured, indicating increased UPR signaling across all the branches (IRE1, PERK, and ATF6) (Fig. 6d and Supplementary Fig. 14a). Meanwhile, PIGBOS overexpressing cells showed the opposite effect, in which the UPR target genes showed less UPR activation, indicating a tunable modulation of ER stress by PIGBOS microprotein levels" SIGNOR-261043 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 8075306 f "Transactivation by the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha of the wild-type and mutated factor IX promoter (-192 to +38) resulted in an approximately four-fold and approximately two-fold, respectively, increase of CAT activity" SIGNOR-254040 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr82 HSMSVPTtPTLGFST 9606 17604322 t lperfetto "In colon cancer cells, the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway phosphorylates RXRalpha, which impairs its function as a heterodimeric partner for PPARgamma|A point‐mutated RXRalpha T82A/S260A, which mimics the unphosphorylated form of RXRalpha, can form a heterodimer with PPARgamma and thereby activate target gene expression by binding to the PPRE" SIGNOR-262960 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT VARS2 protein Q5ST30 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269409 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206352 CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 1423621 t "We have recently identified a 70 kd tyrosine phosphoprotein (ZAP-70) that associates with zeta and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation following TCR stimulation|Moreover, tyrosine phosphorylation and association of ZAP-70 with zeta require the presence of src family PTKs and provide a potential mechanism by which the src family PTKs and ZAP-70 may interact to mediate TCR signal transduction." SIGNOR-252304 CNP protein P09543 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 28076777 t SimoneGraziosi "We provide evidence that CNP directly associates with and organizes the actin cytoskeleton, thereby providing an intracellular strut that counteracts membrane compaction by myelin basic protein (MBP)." SIGNOR-269269 GADD45A protein P24522 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Gadd45alfa appears to act as an endogenous inhibitor of the alternative p38alfa-activation pathway in t-cell, by binding to p38alfa and preventing tyr323 phosphorilation" SIGNOR-166584 promethazine chemical CHEBI:8461 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257788 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9545235 t gcesareni "Xiap, birc2 and birc3 were shown to bind pro-casp9. Iaps may suppress casp9 by direct auto-activation of pro-caspase-11" SIGNOR-56481 AP3B1 protein O00203 UNIPROT KIF3A protein Q9Y496 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 19934039 t Giorgia "Here, we show that the beta subunit of AP-3, a clathrin-associated protein complex required for HIV-1 release, is a target of IP(7)-mediated pyrophosphorylation. We have identified Kif3A, a motor protein of the kinesin superfamily, as an AP3B1-binding partner and demonstrate that Kif3A, like the AP-3 complex, is involved in an intracellular process required for HIV-1 Gag release." SIGNOR-260398 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys378 TIRMSFVkGWGAEYR 9606 16862174 t miannu "Smad proteins are crucial for the intracellular signaling of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Upon their receptor-induced activation, Smad proteins are phosphorylated and translocated to the nucleus to activate the transcription of a select set of target genes. Here, we show that the co-activator p300/CBP bound and acetylated Smad3 as well as Smad2 in vivo, and that the acetylation was stimulated by TGF-beta.A major acetylation site of Smad3 by p300/CBP is Lys-378 in the MH2 domain (Smad3C) known to be critical for the regulation of transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-260431 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser215 SGRAREAsGAPTSSK 9606 BTO:0000938 17470458 t lperfetto "The work presented here is the first demonstration that phosphorylation at s215 and s792 by akt regulates ligand binding, and the subcellular distribution of the receptor" SIGNOR-244140 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 GLMQRSSsFPYTTKG 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249677 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr293 HRIDGKTyVIKRVKY -1 16373505 t Manara "PKR autophosphorylates on Y101, Y162, and Y293 in vitro. Site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for efficient dsRNA-binding, dimerization, kinase activation and eIF2alpha phosphorylation of PKR." SIGNOR-260784 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser670 SKVRGPVsGSPDSMN 9606 BTO:0000007 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251274 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15743829 t lperfetto "3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) phosphorylates the activation loop of a number of protein serine/threonine kinases of the AGC kinase superfamily, including protein kinase B (PKB; also called Akt)," SIGNOR-244469 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UNK protein Q9C0B0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271219 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr841 RSAFTTStVVRMHVG -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249291 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT PSTPIP1 protein O43586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr345 PERNEGVyTAIAVQE 10090 11711533 t "We also demonstrate that PTP-PEST dephosphorylates PSTPIP at tyrosine 344. Importantly, we identified tyrosine 344 as the main phosphorylation site of PSTPIP by performing tryptic phosphopeptide maps. |The biological functions of the complexes formed between PSTPIP and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases may be to transmit the signals from activated EGF and PDGF receptor.|Furthermore, we show that PSTPIP is phosphorylated downstream of the activated PDGF and EGF receptors. This phosphorylation of PSTPIP is most likely mediated by c-Abl" SIGNOR-248656 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK 9606 9927207 t llicata "We have investigated which of the shc tyrosine residues are targeted by the vegfr3/ flt4 kinase and the role of the shc ptb and sh2 domains in this process. Our results show that y239/ y240 and y313 are simultaneously phosphorylated by the kinase, creating grb2 binding sites." SIGNOR-64186 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT TFB2M protein Q9H5Q4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15684387 f lperfetto "Here, we establish that the expression of human TFB1M and TFB2M promoters is governed by nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2), key transcription factors implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, we show that NRF recognition sites within both TFB promoters are required for maximal trans activation by the PGC-1 family coactivators, PGC-1alpha and PRC" SIGNOR-268996 ITGAV protein P06756 UNIPROT "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253207 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 21854868 f miannu "Doxorubixin-evoked β-TrCP up-regulation promoted Sp1 degradation, which subsequently suppressed ADAM10 expression in MCF-7 and MCF-7/Dox cells." SIGNOR-255192 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 11259588 t "Protein tyrosine phosphatase CD148-mediated inhibition of T-cell receptor signal transduction is associated with reduced LAT and phospholipase Cgamma1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-248696 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t llicata "Oncogenically activated ras inhibits the tgfbeta-induced nuclear accumulation of smad2 and smad3 and smad-dependent transcription. Ras acting via erk map kinases causes phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 at specific sites in the region linking the dna-binding domain and the transcriptional activation domain." SIGNOR-66742 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser152 PASSVSSsPSPPFGH 9606 12151396 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro." SIGNOR-91067 NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). In contrast, group I mGluRs increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration via a classical Gq-mediated mechanism that triggers release from intracellular stores through IP3 receptors" SIGNOR-264931 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1349 STFIGEHyVHVNATY 9606 BTO:0000007 12475979 t "When co-expressed in 293 cells, the full-length substrate-trapping mutant form of DEP-1 formed a stable complex with the chimeric receptor colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF)-Met and wild type DEP-1 dephosphorylated CSF-Met. Furthermore, we observed that DEP-1 preferentially dephosphorylated a Gab1 binding site (Tyr(1349)) and a COOH-terminal tyrosine implicated in morphogenesis (Tyr(1365))," SIGNOR-248702 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA -1 10195903 t lperfetto "Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis.| Bcl-xL did not coimmunoprecipitate with BAD(S75E, S99E) protein (Fig. 2A), regardless of whether it was coexpressed with DCnA/B¬†" SIGNOR-263740 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 BTO:0000007 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-252987 VEGFC protein P49767 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000763 9435229 t gcesareni "Vegf-c, was isolated as a ligand for the tyrosine kinase vegfr-3 (flt4)" SIGNOR-55205 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 11711431 t azuccotti "We show that the TGF-beta intracellular effector Smad3, but not Smad2, mediates the inhibition of myogenic differentiation in MyoD-expressing C3H10T1/2 cells and C2C12 myoblasts by repressing the activity of the MyoD family of transcriptional factors." SIGNOR-252071 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 15315962 t miannu "KIT binds to and induces the phosphorylation of Cbl proteins, which in turn act as E3 ligases, mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of KIT and themselves. Tyrosine kinase binding and RING finger domains of Cbl are essential for Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of KIT." SIGNOR-260104 Starvation stimulus SIGNOR-ST4 SIGNOR SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000759 15744310 f "AMPK pathway" Gianni "We show here that the Sir2 homologue, SIRT1—which modulates ageing in several species —controls the gluconeogenic/glycolytic pathways in liver in response to fasting signals through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α. A nutrient signalling response that is mediated by pyruvate induces SIRT1 protein in liver during fasting." SIGNOR-261951 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser203 APAPDEGsDLFYDDY 9606 BTO:0000567 11546811 t llicata "CDC34 is specifically phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant CK2 and HeLa nuclear extract at five sites within the carboxyl-terminal 36 amino acids of CDC34. | Mutation of CDC34 at CK2-targeted residues, Ser-203, Ser-222, Ser-231, Thr-233, and Ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of CDC34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized CDC34 to the cytoplasm. " SIGNOR-251057 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SPRY2 protein O43597 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr55 AIRNTNEyTEGPTVV 9606 15564375 t lperfetto "Activation of signalling by fibroblast growth factor receptor leads to phosphorylation of the signalling attenuator human sprouty 2 (hspry2) on residue y55. we show that hspry2 is a direct substrate for src family kinases, including src itself.Phosphorylation of hspry2 is required for hspry2 to inhibit activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway." SIGNOR-131189 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1333 ARGGQVFyNSEYGEL 9606 20431062 t lperfetto "Vegfr-3 is a direct c-src target and mass spectrometry analysis identified the sites phosphorylated by c-src as tyrosine 830, 833, 853, 1063, 1333, and 1337, demonstrating that integrin-mediated receptor phosphorylation induces a phosphorylation pattern that is distinct from that induced by growth factors. Furthermore, pull-down assays show that integrin-mediated vegfr-3 phosphorylation activates the recruitment to the receptor of the adaptor proteins crki/ii and shc inducing activation of jnk." SIGNOR-165039 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser245 NQSMDTGsPAELSPT 9606 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248297 MRAP2 protein Q96G30 UNIPROT MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce the surface expression of MC4R and also the signaling of this receptor. we observed a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of MC4R and MC5R in the presence of MRAP and MRAP2. It is interesting that MRAP and MRAP2 have opposite effects in the modulation of different MCR family members." SIGNOR-252369 USP45 protein Q70EL2 UNIPROT SPDL1 protein Q96EA4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 30258100 t miannu "Spindly is mono-ubiquitylated and this ubiquitin can be removed by active USP45. K48 ubiquitylated complex that interacts with Spindly is also de-ubiquitylated by USP45. In the absence of USP45 catalytic activity, interaction is abolished and cell migration is affected similarly to the phenotype described for lack of Spindly." SIGNOR-268505 BTC protein P35070 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "Betacellulin is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events;ten growth factors and their erbb specificities are depicted: egf, amphiregulin((ar), and tgfalfa bind erbb-1, betacellulin, heparin binding egf-like growth factor, and epiregulin bing both erbb-1 and erbb-4." SIGNOR-121953 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259035 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248316 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f "Osteoblast-like cell lines" lpetrilli "In addition to osteocalcin, cbfa1 regulates expression of several other genes that are activated during osteoblast differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase, a1 and a2 collagen, osteopontin and osteoprotegerin ligand." SIGNOR-107163 SRGAP3 protein O43295 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260518 YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29161 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16429158 t miannu "YARS (also known as TyrRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism. Tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl-adenylate and is then transferred to tRNATyr" SIGNOR-270522 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF11 protein Q9Y3C5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271038 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STMN2 protein Q93045 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 EAPRTLAsPKKKDLS 10116 BTO:0000142 9525956 t lperfetto "SCG10, a growth cone-enriched MT-destabilizing protein, has been recently characterized as an in vitro substrate for various serine/threonine kinases including PKA, MAP kinase, and CDK (19). We have found that SCG10 is phosphorylated in vivo in developing rat brain.| The sites for MAP kinase phosphorylation were identified as Ser-62 and Ser-73 of SCG10|By expressing a series of phosphorylation site mutants, we showed that the MT-destabilizing effect of SCG10 could be modulated. While the nonphosphorylatable mutant showed higher activity than the wild-type protein, the activity of the mutant in which phosphorylation on all four sites was mimicked by an aspartate residue was greatly reduced. These data suggest that the nonphosphorylated state of SCG10 represents the most active form of the protein." SIGNOR-249116 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1166 QKGSHQIsLDNPDYQ 9606 BTO:0000007 10347170 t llicata " We show that serines 1046/1047 are sites for CaM kinase II phosphorylation, although there is a preference for serine 1047, which resides within the consensus -R-X-X-S-. In addition, we have identified major phosphorylation sites at serine 1142 and serine 1057, which lie within a novel -S-X-D- consensus. Mutation of serines 1046/1047 in full-length EGFR enhanced both fibroblast transformation and tyrosine autokinase activity that was significantly potentiated by additional mutation of serines 1057 and 1142. A single CaM kinase II site was also identified at serine 744 within sub-kinase domain III, and autokinase activity was significantly affected by mutation of this serine to an aspartic acid making this site appear constitutively phosphorylated. We have addressed the mechanism by which CaM kinase II phosphorylation of the EGFR might regulate receptor autokinase activity and show that this modification can hinder association of the cytoplasmic tail with the kinase domain to prevent an enzyme-substrate interaction. " SIGNOR-250624 HLA-DRB1 protein P01911 UNIPROT Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 21178476 f scontino "Fusion with a B cell requires a ternary complex of gHgLgp42. Fusion is triggered by an interaction between gp42 and HLA class II." SIGNOR-266631 CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16760425 t miannu "We report that CP110 interacts with two different Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and centrin, in vivo. our data demonstrate a functional role for CaM binding to CP110 and suggest that CP110 cooperates with CaM and centrin to regulate progression through cytokinesis." SIGNOR-266332 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser197 SATDSDGsPLSNSQP 9606 15632084 t amattioni "Phosphorylation of serines 159 and 197 by erk1/2 enhances proteasomal degradation of mkp-3" SIGNOR-132979 BBOX1 protein O75936 UNIPROT succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "In the last step, butyrobetaine is hydroxylated on the 3-position by γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBD; EC 1.14.11.1) to yield carnitine." SIGNOR-269700 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT RAD23A protein P54725 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272691 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser696 EKNYALPsPATTEGG 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t llicata "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-169514 NR1I3 protein Q14994 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12896978 t gcesareni "Therefore, both car-rxr heterodimers and car monomers can contribute to the gene activating function of pbrems in car target genes." SIGNOR-104441 Camostat chemical CID:2536 PUBCHEM TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000195 32142651 t miannu "Indeed, the clinically proven serine protease inhibitor camostat mesylate, which is active against TMPRSS2 (Kawase et al., 2012), partially blocked SARS-2-S-driven entry into Caco-2 (Figure S3 B) and Vero-TMPRSS2 cells (Figure 4 A). Full inhibition was attained when camostat mesylate and E-64d, an inhibitor of CatB/L, were added (Figure 4A; Figure S3B), indicating that SARS-2-S can use both CatB/L as well as TMPRSS2 for priming in these cell lines." SIGNOR-260284 NEO1 protein Q92859 UNIPROT Chemoattraction_of_axon phenotype SIGNOR-PH197 SIGNOR up-regulates 17204444 f miannu "Neogenin, a close relative of the axon guidance receptor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC), has been shown to be a receptor for members of the Netrin and Repulsive Guidance Molecule (RGM) families. While Netrin-1-Neogenin interactions result in a chemoattractive axon guidance response, the interaction between Neogenin and RGMa induces a chemorepulsive response." SIGNOR-268395 canagliflozin chemical CHEBI:73274 ChEBI SLC5A2 protein P31639 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190850 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000222 21902831 t lperfetto "TAK1 can phosphorylate and activate MAP kinase kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6), and numerous studies have demonstrated a requirement for MKK3/6 activity in the initiation of myoblast differentiation, again in a p38-dependent manner." SIGNOR-236093 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19282669 t lperfetto "Erk-activates the rsk family of serine/threonine kinases,rsk1, rsk2, and rsk3." SIGNOR-244699 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser273 AGTRRREsLGKKAKR -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249005 fluoxetine chemical CHEBI:5118 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258738 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000176 7972006 f "Transfection of the p16INK4 cDNA expression vector into carcinoma cells inhibits their colony-forming efficiency and the p16INK4 expressing cells are selected against with continued passage in vitro. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that p16INK4 is a tumor-suppressor protein and that genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in genes controlling the G1 checkpoint can lead to both escape from senescence and cancer formation." SIGNOR-259406 KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 BTO:0000567 15620353 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases, functions as a histone demethylase and transcriptional corepressor. LSD1 specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4, which is linked to active transcription." SIGNOR-264509 Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR Ub:HECT_E3 complex SIGNOR-C518 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271379 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CDKN1C protein P49918 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22820251 t gcesareni "G1-s control by p38/hog1 sapks upon osmostress. Upon osmostress, activated p38 and hog1 sapks phosphorylate the s/cdk inhibitor p57 or sic1 respectively at one single residue. In mammalian cells (left panel), p57 phosphorylation on thr143 leads to an increase of the affinity of p57 towards the cyclin a/cdk2 complex leading to a g1 arrest." SIGNOR-198390 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr678 RHIVRKRtLRRLLQE 9606 21749319 t lperfetto "This identified thr654 in egfr as the pkn1 phosphorylation siteit has been shown that the phosphorylation of egfr at thr654 by pkc reduces the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor" SIGNOR-174755 RFFL protein Q8WZ73 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18450452 t miannu "We report that CARP-2, a RING domain-containing ubiquitin protein ligase (E3), is a negative regulator of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation. By virtue of its phospholipid-binding FYVE domain, CARP-2 localized to endocytic vesicles, where it interacted with internalized TNF-receptor complex, resulting in RIP ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271482 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr418 LSGEDDAyCTFPSRD 9534 BTO:0000298 8700888 t "In COS-7 cells, overexpression of Jak1 augmented phosphorylation of Y338 as well as Y392 and Y510. Y392 and Y510 were critical for IL-2-induced activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT proteins), Y338 was required for Shc-IL-2Rbeta association and for IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc." SIGNOR-251340 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR LTB4R2 protein Q9NPC1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr324 GGRSREGtMELRTTP 9606 22044535 t llicata "Blt2 phosphorylation at thr355 by akt is necessary for blt2-mediated chemotaxis." SIGNOR-177019 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C505 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270889 ITGA1 protein P56199 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253169 CTNNA3 protein Q9UI47 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000586 21598020 t miannu "Overexpression of CTNNA3 in a CTNNA1 negative colon carcinoma cell line resulted in the reassembly of the adherens and tight junctions through the recruitment of CTNNA3 interacting partners such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, plakoglobin, and ZO-14" SIGNOR-265492 RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT CAPZA1 protein P52907 UNIPROT up-regulates binding -1 15850461 t miannu "An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B). Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263088 PLK2 protein Q9NYY3 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 19889641 t lperfetto "Polo-like kinase 2 (plk2) phosphorylates alpha-synuclein at serine 129 in central nervous system. The membrane association of pd-linked mutant alpha -synuclein, but not wild-type -synuclein, was increased by serine 129 phosphorylation. Pathological serine 129 phosphorylation regulates membrane accumulation of mutant alpha-synuclein." SIGNOR-182155 IL23A protein Q9NPF7 UNIPROT IL12RB1 protein P42701 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12023369 t gcesareni "Like il-12, il-23 binds to the il-12r subunit il-12rbeta1." SIGNOR-87739 ANAPC10 protein Q9UM13 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252009 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11259630 f miannu "Cotransfection experiments show that Sp1 and its closely related family member Sp4 can trans-activate MAO B promoter activity through the proximal cluster of Sp1 sites and its activation can be repressed by the over-expression of Sp3 and a related family member BTEB2." SIGNOR-253868 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 10806218 t gcesareni "More importantly, incubation of active erk2 or p38 kinase with h3 protein resulted in phosphorylation of h3 at serine 10 in vitro. These results suggest that erk and p38 kinase are at least two important mediators of phosphorylation of h3 at serine 10." SIGNOR-77224 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr798 YIDAFSDyANFK 9606 7518772 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P18433-2" lperfetto "Transient overexpression of c-src together with rptp alpha in human embryonic kidney 293 cells increased phosphorylation of tyr789, suggesting that c-src may phosphorylate rptp alpha in vivo." SIGNOR-111306 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF170 protein Q96K19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271214 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT RHOB protein P62745 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser185 ALQKRYGsQNGCINC 9606 BTO:0000567 18590726 t llicata "Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrates that rhob is monophosphorylated by ck1, in its c-terminal end, on serine 185. lastly we show that the inhibition of ck1 activates rhob and promotes rhob dependent actin fiber formation and egf-r level." SIGNOR-179255 fexofenadine chemical CHEBI:5050 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19660947 t Luana " hERG activity was initially determined in a high throughput patch clamp screening assay (Ionworks)5 while a human H1 binding assay was used to determine H1 binding affinity.6 Selected results were confirmed in vitro using an IonWorks Quattro patch clamp assay and in vivo in the guinea pig.7, 8 Histamine H1activity was confirmed in vivo in the guinea pig.7" SIGNOR-257827 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr265 KDCGSQKyAYFNGCS 9606 16916748 t lperfetto "The oncogenic tyrosine kinase, v-src, phosphorylates connexin43 (cx43) on y247 and y265 and inhibits cx43 gap junctional communication (gjc), the process of intercellular exchange of ions and metabolites." SIGNOR-148917 SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT HMGCR protein P04035 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 14593114 t miannu "In the presence of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC7, the RING-H2 finger has in vitro ubiquitination activity for Lys(48)-specific polyubiquitin linkage, suggesting that human HRD1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in protein degradation.Human HRD1 appears to be involved in the basal degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase but not in the degradation that is regulated by sterols." SIGNOR-272594 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr813 NSLFTPDyELLTEND 9606 BTO:0000007 15121872 t "16705160:The effect of Ser523 on Jak2 function was independent of Tyr570-mediated inhibition." lperfetto "Tyrosine 813 is a site of jak2 autophosphorylation critical for activation of jak2 by sh2-b betawe show that phosphorylation of tyrosine 813 is required for the sh2 domain-containing adapter protein sh2-b beta to bind jak2 and to enhance the activity of jak2 and stat5b." SIGNOR-235910 AVPR1A protein P37288 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256948 DRAM2 protein Q6UX65 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30755245 f irozzo "Here, we show that DRAM2 may act as an oncogenic regulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, DRAM2 overexpression increased the expression of proteins RAC1, RHOA, RHOC, ROCK1, and decreased RHOB expression, all of which are cell migration factors." SIGNOR-259142 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Thr57 GKGVTVEtVFSVDEF -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263595 oxymetazoline chemical CHEBI:7862 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9913 BTO:0000142 9632357 t miannu "Benzylimidazolines may represent a class of 5-HT1D ligands that has yet to be exploited. On the basis of a previous report that the 2-(substituted-benzyl)imidazoline alpha-adrenergic agonist oxymetazoline (8) binds with high affinity at calf brain 5-HT1D receptors, we explored the structure-affinity relationships of a series of related derivatives." SIGNOR-258928 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT TIRAP protein P58753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11544529 t gcesareni "Here we describe a protein, Mal (MyD88-adapter-like), which joins MyD88 as a cytoplasmic TlR-domain-containing protein in the human genome. Mal activates NF-_B, Jun amino-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2." SIGNOR-252064 ADSS1 protein Q8N142 UNIPROT GDP smallmolecule CHEBI:17552 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267350 DIO3 protein P55073 UNIPROT iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34674502 t scontino "Three different deiodinases have been described: iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1), DIO2, and DIO3. Deiodination is the first step in the activation/inactivation process of THs and involves the removal of removes one iodine atom from the outer tyrosyl ring of T4 to produce T3." SIGNOR-266952 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser713 GAEIVYKsPVVSGDT 9606 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249320 NF90-NF45 complex SIGNOR-C443 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21969602 f miannu "The NF90/NF45 complex participates in DNA break repair via nonhomologous end joining" SIGNOR-268490 CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT CyclinY/CDK14 complex SIGNOR-C541 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 19524571 t lperfetto "A novel cyclin, CCNY, was identified as a PFTK1 interacting protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen. The cyclin box in CCNY and the PFTAIRE motif in PFTK1 are both required for the interaction which was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro assays." SIGNOR-273004 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT DIO1 protein P49895 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5’-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-y." SIGNOR-267486 TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24463367 f lperfetto "While Top2a is essential in proliferating cells and has been linked to DNA replication and chromosome condensation/segregation, Top2b has been clearly indicated in regulating gene expression (e.g. Reln, Dab1, Catna2, Cdh13, Sst, Pbx3, and Epha7) during brain development" SIGNOR-242311 HOXC13 protein P31276 UNIPROT FOXN1 protein O15353 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21191399 f miannu "Hoxc13-dependent activation of foxn1 is part of a regulatory cascade controlling the expression of terminal differentiation markers." SIGNOR-170850 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1735 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248788 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8816440 t gcesareni "Most breast, skin, lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract tumors express erbb-4, and heterodimerization of this receptor with erbb-2, may be involved in some cancer" SIGNOR-43844 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH12 protein P55289 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265830 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 12876556 f "Initiation of transcription of the gene encoding IL-4 in naive T(H) cells is regulated by the T(H) 2-specific transcription factor GATA3" SIGNOR-254500 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NEFH protein P12036 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser503 GGEEETKsPPAEEAA 9606 12130654 t lperfetto "Gsk3beta was shown to phosphorylate at ser-493 in vitro by phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis, and in vivo in hek293 cells. The role of ser-493 phosphorylation is also a question to be addressed in the future. Because the e-segment appears to be involved in filament formation (27, 42), phosphorylation in that region may also play a regulatory role in filament formation. Secondary structure prediction suggests that phosphorylation of ser-493 in combination with following the pro residue interrupts _-helix of the e-segment" SIGNOR-90668 AMHR2 protein Q16671 UNIPROT BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14746809 t gcesareni "See table2" SIGNOR-121596 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser352 AATNRPNsIDPALRR 9606 BTO:0000150 16551632 t llicata "Site-directed mutagenesis identified ser-351, ser-745, and ser-747 as akt phosphorylation sites on vcp. however, our study also suggests that other known biological activities of vcp, such as those related to intracellular trafficking, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and activation of transcription (28), might be regulated by akt through the activation of vcp. I" SIGNOR-252491 PROC protein P04070 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg334 KNCPKKTrNLKKITR -1 7989361 t lperfetto "The mechanism of inactivation of human factor V and human factor Va by activated protein C|Membrane-bound human factor V (250 nM) is cleaved by APC (2.5 nM) to give M(r) = 200,000, 70,000, 45,000, and 30,000 fragments and an M(r) = 22/20,000 doublet. These fragments are released after four sequential cleavages of the membrane-bound procofactor at Arg306, Arg506, Arg679, and Lys994." SIGNOR-263628 SMARCD2 protein Q92925 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270603 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser9 LTFMASDsEEEVCDE -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250937 ALDOB protein P05062 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266488 "Vincristine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:79401 ChEBI FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 30599272 t miannu "Vincristine is commonly administered as an effective anti-brain tumor drug. Vincristine treatment also impaired the microtubule-associated protein tubulin, and fibronectin, and downregulated MMP10 activity." SIGNOR-259252 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CCT2 protein P78371 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser260 GSRVRVDsTAKVAEI 9606 21440620 t lperfetto "Furthermore, both the s260a and s260d mutants showed a decreased folding capacity as compared to cells expressing the wild-type cct_ subunit ( fig.?_5e), suggesting that a cyclic phosphorylation of the s260 site by s6k1 is likely to be important for chaperonin function and that mutation of this site interferes with this process." SIGNOR-252780 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1618 LTKAADIsLDNLVEG -1 24703952 t lperfetto "Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |Addition of the inhibitors for PLK1 and the p38 MAPK leads to a complete loss of pT1609/pS1618 signal within 3 hr in mitotic cells" SIGNOR-264413 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 11287604 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Plc beta1 could be efficiently phosphorylated by activated mitogen-activated protein kinase but not by pka. The erk phosphorylation site was mapped to serine 982" SIGNOR-270109 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12525502 t miannu " Here we show that cIAP1 and cIAP2 are E3 ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligases (ubiquitin ligases) for Smac. cIAPs stimulate Smac ubiquitination both in vivo and in vitro, leading to Smac degradation. cIAP1 and cIAP2 associate with overlapping but distinct subsets of E2 (ubiquitin carrier protein) ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The substrate-dependent E3 activity of cIAPs is mediated by their RING domains and is dependent on the specific interactions between cIAPs and Smac." SIGNOR-271392 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LCP1 protein P13796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sVSDEEMM 9606 BTO:0000007 16636079 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on ser5 increases the f-actin-binding activity of l-plastin and promotes its targeting to sites of actin assembly in cells. L-plastin phosphorylation require protein kinase a." SIGNOR-146287 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr686 QQKIRKYtMRRLLQE 9606 18799465 t lperfetto "Pka directly phosphorylated erbb2 on thr-686, a highly conserved intracellular regulatory site that was required for the pka-mediated synergistic enhancement of neuregulin-induced erbb2-erbb3 activation and proliferation in scs." SIGNOR-181191 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TPT1 protein P13693 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser64 PEGEGTEsTVITGVD 9606 12167714 t lperfetto "Plk phosphorylates tctp on two serine residues. These results suggest that phosphorylation decreases the microtubule-stabilizing activity of tctp and promotes the increase in microtubule dynamics that occurs after metaphase" SIGNOR-91348 SNAP91 protein O60641 UNIPROT VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26903854 t miannu " the monomeric adaptor proteins AP180/CALM and stonin-2 are required for the efficient retrieval of synaptobrevin II (sybII) and synaptotagmin-1 respectively. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that sybII and synaptotagmin-1 interact with other SV cargoes to ensure a high fidelity of retrieval." SIGNOR-264112 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-189626 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT KLF5 protein Q13887 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser153 LRTGLYKsQRPCVTH 9606 BTO:0003038 12682370 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5/IKLF) at the CBP interaction region enhances its transactivation function. | Inhibition of protein kinase activity by H7 or calphostin C blocked both full-length and N-terminal fragment (amino acids 1-238) KLF5 activities. Mutation at a potential protein kinase C phosphorylation site within the CBP interaction domain of KLF5 reduces its transactivation function. Furthermore, using the GST pull-down approach, we showed that phosphorylation of KLF5 enhances its interaction with CBP. The results of the present study provide a mechanism for KLF5 transactivation function. | We found that KLF5€™s activity was reduced to half when the serine in the potential PKC phosphorylation site was mutated to alanine (Fig. 6B, S153A) Nonetheless, the S153A mutant still retains significant transactivation activity." SIGNOR-249206 TCF12 protein Q99081 UNIPROT MYOD/HEB complex SIGNOR-C128 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16847330 t 2 miannu "The MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors function as heterodimers with members of the E-protein family to induce myogenic gene activation." SIGNOR-241119 NR5A2 protein O00482 UNIPROT CYP11B1 protein P15538 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002588 11564608 f miannu "The ability of LRH-1 to enhance transcription of the gene encoding human 11 beta- hydroxylase (hCYP11B1) was then examined using the H295R adrenal cell line. LRH-1 co-transfection with hCYP11B1 luciferase promoter constructs caused a 25-fold induction of luciferase activity. Furthermore, co-transfection of a hCYP11B1 reporter construct containing a mutation in the SF-1 binding cis-element abolished the stimulatory effect of both SF-1 and LRH-1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that LRH-1 could bind to the SF-1 response element. Taken together, our data suggested that LRH-1 is expressed in the adrenal, and can substitute for SF-1 to enhance transcription of genes encoding certain of the steroid-metabolizing enzymes." SIGNOR-254880 LYL1 protein P12980 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21261500 f miannu "TAL1 and LYL1 are two leukemic members of the bHLH family of transcription factors. TAL1 and LYL1 activate expression of MEF2C" SIGNOR-254208 CCAR2 protein Q8N163 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 26158765 t lperfetto "Besides SIRT1, CCAR2 inhibits the activity of the histone-modifying enzymes SUV39H1 and HDAC3 [9, 10], thus playing an important role in chromatin structure regulation." SIGNOR-267665 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 10649448 t gcesareni "We conclude that glucocorticoid-induced adipogenesis from bone marrow stromal cells is mediated through a reaction cascade in which dexamethasone transcriptionally activates C/EBPδ; C/EBPδ then binds to PPARγ2 promoter and transactivates PPARγ2 gene expression." SIGNOR-253061 ribavirin chemical CHEBI:63580 ChEBI IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22555152 t Federica "Ribavirin, a well-known IMPDH inhibitor, was included as a reference drug. As expected, this compound markedly inhibited IMPDH activity in a dose-dependent manner in bothtumour cell lines" SIGNOR-261079 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr455 TTERDSDtDVEEEEL 9606 18678890 t gcesareni "The mdc1-nbs1 interaction occurs through a specific region (residues 200-420) of mdc1, which contains multiple consensus casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-179891 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268578 CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18231581 f lperfetto "Induction and over-production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and INF-c, were considered to be main mediators in the pathogenesis of SARS" SIGNOR-260257 Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 31226023 f miannu "In the stressed ER, protein chaperone GRP78 binds to unfolded proteins and dissociates from the luminal domain of PERK, leading to oligomerization and activation of PERK by autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-260163 RSPO2 protein Q6UXX9 UNIPROT SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21397842 t "Thrombospondin domains" gcesareni "We show that rspo3 binds syndecan 4 (sdc4) and that together they activate wnt/pcp signaling." SIGNOR-172719 SEC23B protein Q15437 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265288 FER protein P16591 UNIPROT JUP protein P14923 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr550 AAGTQQPyTDGVRME 10116 BTO:0004604 14517306 t "The tyrosine kinase Fer, which modifies beta-catenin Tyr142, lessening its association with alpha-catenin, phosphorylates plakoglobin Tyr549 and exerts the contrary effect: it raises the binding of plakoglobin to alpha-catenin. Fer stimulation, through modification of Tyr549, causes diminished binding of plakoglobin to components of desmosomes (desmoplakin) and increased interaction with adherens junction proteins (α-catenin)" SIGNOR-251134 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21078818 t gcesareni "Ligands such as wnt1, wnt3a, and wnt8 couple the seventransmembrane domain receptor frizzled (fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (lrp5/6) to activate wnt?Beta-catenin signaling." SIGNOR-169645 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258556 NUTF2 protein P61970 UNIPROT NUP62 protein P37198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 7744965 t Simone "Our data suggest that NTF2 interacts directly with NPC protein 1362 and exerts its effect at a relatively late step in the nuclear protein import pathway. We obtained a cDNA encoding NTF2 and showed that the recombinant protein restores transport activity to p62-pretreated cytosol." SIGNOR-261255 MED9 protein Q9NWA0 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266680 GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257331 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 18794881 f lperfetto "The pten tumour suppressor is a lipid and protein phosphatase that inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-dependent by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (ptdinsp(3))." SIGNOR-209856 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 AEAFLGFsYAPPTDS -1 18570873 t lperfetto "Mtor phosphorylated sgk1, but not sgk1-s422a, in vitro. Sgk1 phosphorylated p27 in vitro. These data implicate sgk1 as an mtorc1 (mtor-raptor) substrate. mtor may promote g1 progression in part through sgk1 activation" SIGNOR-217078 RUVBL1 protein Q9Y265 UNIPROT "R2TP core co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C515 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29662061 t miannu " Here we use cryo-EM and biochemical studies on the human R2TP core (RUVBL1-RUVBL2-RPAP3-PIH1D1) which reveal the distinctive role of RPAP3, distinguishing metazoan R2TP from the smaller yeast equivalent. RPAP3 spans both faces of a single RUVBL ring, providing an extended scaffold that recruits clients and provides a flexible tether for HSP90. " SIGNOR-270928 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT CDKN2AIP protein Q9NXV6 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 18292944 t amattioni "Carf interacts with hdm2 and is ubiquitinated and negatively regulated by hdm2 by proteasome-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-160974 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 18794113 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-180906 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr536 QKGQESEyGNITYPP -1 12468540 t gcesareni "Incorporation of Pmp at the 536 site led to 4-fold stimulation of the SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase activity whereas incorporation at the 564 site led to no effect" SIGNOR-246236 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CD86 protein P42081 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19164127 f miannu "We found that upon TLR7 and TLR8 activation, JNK and NF-kappaB positively regulated the expression of CCR7, CD86, CD83, and CD40 and the production of IL-6 and IL-12p40." SIGNOR-254782 "PAS complex" complex SIGNOR-C190 SIGNOR Multivesicular_body_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH83 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17556371 f miannu "Sac3 assembles with PIKfyve and ArPIKfyve in a stable ternary complex and controls PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels. We further demonstrate a key function for each of the three proteins in the biogenesis of ECV/MVB transport intermediates from early endosomes." SIGNOR-253532 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000176 14967450 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-270198 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS -1 7657660 t lperfetto "Co-expression of Stat1 with Tyk2, Jak1, or Jak2 resulted in the specific tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 at Tyr701Phosphorylation of purified Stat1 was necessary and sufficient for the acquisition of DNA binding activity." SIGNOR-246943 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr37 PPGDYSTtPGGTLFS 9606 12747827 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in response to insulin, egf and pdgf. Phosphorylation at thr-37, thr-46, ser-65 and thr-70, corresponding to the hyperphosphorylated form, is regulated by mtorc1 and abolishes binding to eif4e." SIGNOR-236694 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16621789 t gcesareni "These results identify a potential mechanism whereby bmp-2 antagonizes wnt signaling in osteoblast progenitors by promoting an interaction between smad1 and dvl-1 that restricts beta-catenin activation." SIGNOR-146131 N-[4-(2-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonylphenyl]-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-[(2-propan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:95008 ChEBI BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q07817-1" gcesareni SIGNOR-207462 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser623 ALDFQPSsPSPHRKP 9606 15356145 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb2-associated binder 2 on serine 623 by erk mapk regulates its association with the phosphatase shp-2 and decreases stat5 activation.We and others have demonstrated that il-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of gab2 and its interaction with its sh2 domain-containing partners, shp-2, p85 pi3k, and crkl (5, 26, 27). we report that pretreatment of kit 225 cells with the mek inhibitor u0126, strongly decreased the characteristic shift of gab2 in response to il-2 and increased gab2/shp-2 association, an effect that could be ascribed to erk phosphorylation of serine 623." SIGNOR-128727 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr653 QDSPDGQyENSEGGW 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246417 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser311 SFRTPRDsKLEAPAE 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163796 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 19581928 f miannu "we showed aberrant IL-6 production and STAT3 activation in MCF-7 cells that constitutively express Twist, a metastatic regulator and direct transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin." SIGNOR-255536 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr573 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9534 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252752 PDIA6 protein Q15084 UNIPROT EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10116 BTO:0003318 26487694 t "Protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PDIA6) interacts with protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and inositol requiring enzyme (IRE)-1 and inhibits their unfolded protein response signaling." SIGNOR-256537 RRAGC protein Q9HB90 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C3 20006481 t gcesareni "Active rag and gtr heterodimers are able to bind and activate torc1, through direct interactions with raptor." SIGNOR-162054 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GPR161 protein Q8N6U8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 23332756 f "Constitutive Gpr161 activity increases cAMP levels, which is reduced upon knockdown of Gαs, suggesting it to be a Gαs-coupled receptor." SIGNOR-259937 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 9405416 t "Phosphorylation of c-Jun on Ser73 by JNK is sufficient to protect c-Jun from ubiquitination." lperfetto "Phosphorylation by activated jnk protects c-jun from ubiquitination." SIGNOR-53788 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser166 SSRRRAIsETEENSD 9606 BTO:0000785 18467333 t gcesareni "Additionally, the pim kinases phosphorylate mdm2 in vitro and in cultured cells at ser166 and ser186, two previously identified targets of other signaling pathways, including akt." SIGNOR-259433 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 17962192 t miannu "Ubiquitination and degradation of Tal1/SCL are induced by notch signaling and depend on Skp2 and CHIP. CHIP promoted Tal1 degradation with both chaperone binding and ubiquitin ligase activities, which are mediated by its TPR domain and U box, respectively." SIGNOR-271393 AHCYL2 protein Q96HN2 UNIPROT PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19224921 t lperfetto "Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation|In addition to CPSF, IRBIT interacted in vitro with poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is the enzyme recruited by CPSF to elongate the poly(A) tail, and inhibited PAP activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268330 HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256912 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SEPTIN2 protein Q15019 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser218 YHLPDAEsDEDEDFK 9606 16857012 t lperfetto "Here we show that human septin 2 is phosphorylated in vivo at ser218 by casein kinase ii. Septin 2 binds and hydrolyses gtp. The purified protein has the capacity to polymerize into long filaments when loaded with gtp or gdp. Moreover, we show that the endogenous protein in hela cells, like that produced in insect cells, is phosphorylated by casein kinase ii and that this phosphorylation alters nucleotide binding." SIGNOR-148010 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-270117 ACADM protein P11310 UNIPROT Fatty_acid_oxidation phenotype SIGNOR-PH129 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001370 28974683 f lperfetto "This truncated PPARγ translocates to mitochondria, where it directly interacts with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD). This binding event attenuates MCAD activity and inhibits fatty acid oxidation" SIGNOR-261265 POLR2H protein P52434 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266172 MTHFD2 protein P13995 UNIPROT 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16100107 t lperfetto "Magnesium and phosphate ions enable NAD binding to methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase|One of the enzymes in this pathway, the NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (NMDMC),5 catalyzes the interconversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (methylene-THF) and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (formyl-THF) in mammalian mitochondria." SIGNOR-268256 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr36 LPPGDYStTPGGTLF 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 9465032 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)- binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and the p70 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1). Raft1 phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 on thr-36 and thr-45 blocks its association with the cap-binding protein, eif-4e,in vitro. in response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-55697 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CKAP2 protein Q8WWK9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr623 FKELKFLtPVRRSRR 9606 SIGNOR-C17 19369249 t llicata "Among these, thr-622 was specifically phosphorylated by cdk1-cyclin b1 both in vitro and in vivo. these findings suggest that cdk1-cyclin b1-mediated phosphorylation of tmap is important for and contributes to proper regulation of microtubule dynamics and establishment of functional bipolar spindles during mitosis." SIGNOR-185317 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT BRDT protein Q58F21 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 acetylation:Lys6;Lys9 kGGKGLGK;SGRGKGGkGLGKGGA 27991587 t lperfetto "BRDT interacts with acetylated nucleosomes via its BD1 domain. Binding may be initiated through non-specific interactions with DNA, which allow BRDT to localize to chromatin. Specificity is generated through recognition of tandem acetylated lysine residues (K5ac/K8ac) on the histone H4 tail," SIGNOR-262066 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23287467 t miannu " Here, we show that human REV1 undergoes proteosomal degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase-promoting complex (APC). REV1 associates with APC. Overexpression of APC coactivator CDH1 or CDC20 promotes polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of REV1." SIGNOR-272897 SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0001103 23290138 t apalma "Rac1 is associated with Sdc4 and is activated by FN binding […] We observed that over-expression of Fzd7, or stimulation with FN resulted in increased levels of active Rac1 in primary myoblasts" SIGNOR-255849 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 BTO:0000567 9480845 f lperfetto "Overexpression of tak1 together with its activator protein, tak1 binding protein 1 (tab1), induced the nuclear translocation of nf-kappa b p50/p65 heterodimer accompanied by the degradation of i kappa b alpha and i kappa b beta, and the expression of kappa b-dependent reporter gene." SIGNOR-55716 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257298 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PSMA3 protein P25788 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser250 SLKEEDEsDDDNM -1 8619999 t llicata "Several C8 protein constructs allow the location of the CKII phosphorylation sites to be the COOH terminal portion of the protein, and direct mutational analyses show that Ser-243 and Ser-250 are the residues of the C8 subunit phosphorylated by CKII. The in vitro phosphorylation of the proteasome by CKII does not affect its proteolytic activity (on proteins or fluorogenic synthetic peptides), therefore suggesting its involvement in the interaction of the proteasome with other cellular proteins, i.e. in the formation of the 26S complex and/or in the interaction with the nuclear translocation machinery." SIGNOR-250939 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 15994958 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-252808 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR PRDM14 protein Q9GZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269234 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF21 protein O75509 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 9714541 t gcesareni "We report the identification and initial characterization of dr6, a new member of the tnf receptor family possessing a cytoplasmic death domain." SIGNOR-59745 DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_recycling phenotype SIGNOR-PH161 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 10823955 f miannu "The GTPase dynamin I is required for synaptic vesicle (SV) endocytosis. Our observation that dynamin binds to the SV protein synaptophysin in a Ca2+-dependent fashion suggested the possibility that a dynamin/synaptophysin complex functions in SV recycling." SIGNOR-264118 ITGA3 protein P26006 UNIPROT "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253173 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CBX1 protein P83916 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr51 GFSDEDNtWEPEENL 9606 19657222 t lperfetto "Two recent papers suggest that hp1 recruitment to damage sites, rather than its rapid mobilization, is the predominant behaviour exhibited by this protein. Our findings reconcile recent findings in a new model, wherein rapid hp1beta mobilization from dsbs is mediated by its phosphorylation on thr51 by ck2" SIGNOR-187450 NFE2L3 protein Q9Y4A8 UNIPROT NQO1 protein P15559 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 15385560 f lperfetto "Nrf3 negatively regulates antioxidant-response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene." SIGNOR-268975 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT DPYD protein Q12882 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 17699798 f "Regulation of Genes of the Circadian Clock in Human Colon Cancer: Reduced Period-1 and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Transcription Correlates in High-Grade Tumors| The highly significant correlation of DPD mRNA with Per1 mRNA expression suggests control of DPD transcription by the endogenous cellular clock, which is more pronounced in women." SIGNOR-253986 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20577053 t gcesareni "Well-described targets of srebp-1 and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (chrebp), which include the following: fatty acid synthase (fas), acetyl coa carboxylase (acc1), and liver pyruvate kinase (l-pk)" SIGNOR-166381 TERF2 protein Q15554 UNIPROT "Shelterin complex" complex SIGNOR-C306 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15383534 t lperfetto "Telosome, a mammalian telomere-associated complex formed by multiple telomeric proteins|Gel filtration reveals a complex consisting of POT1 , RAP1, TRF1, ACD, TERF2 and TINF2 proteins." SIGNOR-263317 N-(6-fluoro-1H-indazol-5-yl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-5-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91332 ChEBI ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 19740074 t miannu "We also observed that several ROCK (Rho kinase) inhibitors such as Y-27632 and H-1152, suppressed LRRK2 with similar potency to which they inhibited ROCK2. In contrast, GSK429286A, a selective ROCK inhibitor, did not significantly inhibit LRRK2." SIGNOR-262229 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23352416 t gcesareni "At the same time, ea causes pkc?-Mediated phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor heat shock factor 1, an inducer of glucose dependence." SIGNOR-200576 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT DCTN1 protein Q14203 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser179 SASAGELsSSEPSTP 9606 20679239 t lperfetto "Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of p150(glued) at ser-179 positively regulates its accumulation at the nuclear envelope during prophase." SIGNOR-167281 MSH6 protein P52701 UNIPROT BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C60 15064730 t miannu "We show that the recombinant hmsh2/6 protein complex stimulated the ability of the bloom's syndrome gene product, blm, to process holliday junctions in vitro" SIGNOR-123705 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1406 GAGGRRLsSFVTKGY -1 4092695 t lperfetto "Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates two serine residues on the protein termed sites 1 and 2| Site 1: Arg-Leu-Ser(P)-Ser-Phe-Val-Thr-Lys Site 2: Ile-His-Arg-Ala-Ser(P)-Asp-Pro-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Glu-Glu-Pro-Lys | Both phosphorylation and activation can be reversed using purified preparations of the catalytic subunits of protein phosphatases 1- and -2A, and inactivation also correlates better with dephosphorylation of site 1 rather than site 2." SIGNOR-264653 RNF144B protein Q7Z419 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 12853982 t miannu "P53RFP, a p53-inducible RING-finger protein, regulates the stability of p21WAF1. Here we report the isolation of a novel transcriptional target of p53, designated p53RFP (p53-inducible RING-finger protein), whose product has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Its expression was negatively correlated to that of p21(WAF1) protein; p53RFP is likely to play a role in the regulation of this protein, probably through interaction with, and ubiquitination of, p21(WAF1)." SIGNOR-271478 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12226744 f miannu "We show that the ectopic expression of wild-type hsnf5/ini1, but not that of truncated versions, leads to a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the entry into s phase of mrt cells. This g1 arrest is associated with down-regulation of a subset of e2f targets including cyclin a, e2f1 and cdc6." SIGNOR-92788 EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9632142 t gcesareni "We propose src kinase as a downstream effector that mediates the neuron's response to eph receptor activation." SIGNOR-58139 P2RY6 protein Q15077 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257343 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 25545885 t miannu "C-terminal acetylation of p53 by p300/CBP and PCAF promotes an open conformation of p53 by preventing the occlusion of the DNA binding domain by the C-terminal tail. This enhances p53 transcriptional activity, leading to growth arrest and/or apoptosis" SIGNOR-261496 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12809513 t "inferred from family member" llicata "We concluded that serine 142 of the tr dbd is the likely site of phosphorylation by t(4)-activated mapk and that the docking site on tr for activated mapk includes residues 128-133 (kgffrr), a basic amino acid-enriched motif novel for mapk substrates. Tr mutations in the proposed mapk docking domain and at residue 142 modulated t(4)-conditioned shedding of co-repressor and recruitment of co-activator proteins by the receptor, and they altered transcriptional activity of tr in a thyroid hormone response element-luciferase reporter assay." SIGNOR-270301 Ac-Asp-Glu(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:76931 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10085079 t miannu "The neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate (NAAG)1 is expressed both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Hydrolysis of the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) by N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) to release glutamate may be important in a number of neurodegenerative disorders in which excitotoxic mechanisms are implicated." SIGNOR-267540 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA12 protein O60330 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265676 HDLBP protein Q00341 UNIPROT Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33941620 f miannu "Vigilin (Vgl1) is essential for heterochromatin formation, chromosome segregation, and mRNA stability and is associated with autism spectrum disorders and cancer: vigilin, for example, can suppress proto-oncogene c-fms expression in breast cancer." SIGNOR-266695 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR arginine smallmolecule CHEBI:29016 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270365 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr173 DTFWKGTtRTRPRNG 9606 17420447 t lperfetto "We found that pak1 phosphorylates ilk at threonine-173 and serine-246 in vitro and in vivo. together, these results suggest that ilk is a pak1 substrate, undergoes phosphorylation-dependent shuttling between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm, and interacts with gene-regulatory chromatin." SIGNOR-154307 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser317 SHLASPPsLGEMQQL 9606 21205641 t lperfetto "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-216453 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001545 28137827 f miannu "S100A9 induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells through TLR4." SIGNOR-261923 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18332868 t miannu "VprBP targets Merlin to the Roc1-Cul4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex for degradation. In this study, we provide evidence to show that Merlin is regulated in a Roc1-Cullin4A-DDB1-dependent manner. Following serum stimulation, Merlin is recruited to the E3 ligase complex through a direct interaction with the WD40-containing adaptor protein VprBP. Loading of Merlin to the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex resulted in its polyubiquitination, and consequently its proteasome-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-271674 BBS4 protein Q96RK4 UNIPROT "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 19081074 t lperfetto "We recently showed that seven highly conserved BBS proteins form a stable complex, the BBSome, that functions in membrane trafficking to and inside the primary cilium.|As a first step in characterizing this protein, we investigated the biochemical properties of its binding to the core BBSome (previously defined as the BBS1, -2, -4, -5, -7, -8, and -9 complex). We subjected the native LAP-BBS4 eluate to velocity sedimentation analysis (Figure 1C). BBIP10 clearly cosedimented with BBS4 at 14S, suggesting that BBIP10 strongly associates with the core BBSome" SIGNOR-262560 "dasatinib (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:49375 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191301 Nutlin-3 smallmolecule CID:216345 PUBCHEM TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17700533 t miannu "Nutlin, a class of small molecule antagonist of HDM2, binds to the p53-binding pocket of HDM2, preventing p53 from binding to HDM2 and thus, resulting in stabilization and activation of p53" SIGNOR-255471 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser421 IACEEEFsDSEEEGE 9606 BTO:0000661 11602581 t llicata "Human HDAC1 protein was analyzed by ion trap mass spectrometry, and two phosphorylated serine residues, Ser(421) and Ser(423), were unambiguously identified. Loss of phosphorylation at Ser(421) and Ser(423) due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of HDAC1." SIGNOR-250999 LPCAT1 protein Q8NF37 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine chemical CHEBI:57643 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272760 panobinostat chemical CHEBI:85990 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257755 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257911 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr841 RSAFTTStVVRMHVG -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249286 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr350 PEVKKEEtLLDLDFD 9606 BTO:0000567 16945112 t lperfetto "Amphiphysins interact directly with clathrin and have a function in clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle recycling and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The n-terminal domain of clathrin bound to unphosphorylated amphiphysin-1, but not to the phosphorylated protein. The assumption that casein kinase 2 phosphorylates amphiphysin-1 at t350 and t387 was corroborated by experiments showing that: casein kinase 2 phosphorylated these residues directly in vitro,. upon activation by nerve growth factor, casein kinase 2 phosphorylates amphiphysin-1 and thereby regulates the endocytosis of clathrin-coated vesicles via the interaction between clathrin and amphiphysin." SIGNOR-149314 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT UCP1 protein P25874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 32991581 t brain lperfetto "NFIA binds to and activates the brown-fat-specific enhancers even before differentiation and later facilitates the binding of PPARgamma|NFIA has at least three functions on the transcriptional regulation of brown fat [2]. First, NFIA activates adipogenesis per se, through activating the transcription of Pparg, which encodes PPARgamma. Second, NFIA also activates the brown-fat-specific gene expression (such as Ucp1 and Ppargc1a) independent of the degree of adipocyte differentiation, through facilitating the binding of PPARgamma to the brown-fat-specific enhancers. Third, NFIA represses myogenesis through suppression of myogenic transcription factors such as Myod1 as well as Myog," SIGNOR-263985 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0000785 15084608 t lperfetto "We report here that one important mechanism of nik regulation is through its dynamic interaction with the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (traf3). Traf3 physically associates with nik via a specific sequence motif located in the n-terminal region of nik; this molecular interaction appears to target nik for degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-124233 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr354 RKPANDItSQLEINF 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249251 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 GSYAKLPsPEPSMSP -1 12361598 t miannu "GST-tagged recombinant CP110 (GST-wt) was robustly phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2 (Figure 2A). Expression of a mutant derivative of CP110 refractory to CDK phosphorylation provokes marked polyploidy. We localized the majority (nine of ten) of potential CDK2 phosphorylation sites in CP110 to an amino-terminal fragment (GST-ΔN1; Figure 1B)" SIGNOR-265960 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr209 TRKHYQPyAPPRDFA 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 8992971 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that emt can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the cd28 tailother studies demonstrated that tyr191 within the p190yap motif is one of two major phosphorylation sites in cd28-stimulated jurkat t cells, and the only tyrosine residue within the cd28 cytoplasmic tail that is essential for delivery of costimulatory signals" SIGNOR-45516 MRPL24 protein Q96A35 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262369 3-[2,4-diamino-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-pteridinyl]phenol chemical CHEBI:94691 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207251 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser138 QKPFEDAsFALRTGE 9606 25519816 t llicata "Here we demonstrate that mixed-lineage kinase 3 (mlk3), a map3k family member, phosphorylates pin1 on a ser138 site to increase its catalytic activity and nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-205586 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser342 DDGKLDLsVVENGGL 9606 19103756 t llicata "Vrk1 does not phosphorylate plk3, but plk3 phosphorylates the c-terminal region of vrk1 in ser342. Vrk1 with substitutions in s342 is catalytically active but blocks golgi fragmentation, indicating that its specific phosphorylation is necessary for this process." SIGNOR-182858 FILIP1L protein Q4L180 UNIPROT FLNC protein Q14315 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 32444788 t miannu "We identified the extended basophilic phosphosite motif RxRxxp[S/T]xxp[S/T] in various proteins including filamin-C (FLNc). Importantly, this extended motif, located in a unique insert in Ig-like domain 20 of FLNc, is doubly phosphorylated. The protein kinases responsible for this dual-site phosphorylation are Akt and PKCα. Proximity proteomics and interaction analysis identified filamin A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) as direct FLNc binding partner. FILIP1 binding induces filamin degradation, thereby negatively regulating its function. Here, dual-site phosphorylation of FLNc not only reduces FILIP1 binding, providing a mechanism to shield FLNc from FILIP1-mediated degradation, but also enables fast dynamics of FLNc necessary for its function as signaling adaptor in cross-striated muscle cells." SIGNOR-262618 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT OCLN protein Q16625 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser340 DKRFYPEsSYKSTPV 9615 11502742 t lperfetto "Protein kinase C regulates the phosphorylation and cellular localization of occludin. Ser(338) of occludin was identified as an in vitro protein kinase C phosphorylation site using peptide mass fingerprint analysis and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy. Both the phosphorylation of occludin and its incorporation into tight junctions induced by calcium switch were markedly inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF-109203X." SIGNOR-249107 bremazocine chemical CHEBI:3171 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258777 PRL protein P01236 UNIPROT KRT5 protein P13647 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20103718 f Regulation miannu "PRL up-regulated expression of keratins K5 and K14 and the epithelial stem cell-associated keratins K15 and K19 in organ-cultured HFs and/or isolated HF keratinocytes." SIGNOR-251903 SEMA3A protein Q14563 UNIPROT PLXNA4 protein Q9HCM2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001176;BTO:0002036 25335892 t miannu "We provide evidence suggesting that, in endothelial cells and glioblastoma cells, plexin-A4 is a required component of both Sema3A and Sema3B receptor complexes and inhibition of its expression nullifies both Sema3A and Sema3B signaling. The specificity for Sema3A or Sema3B is determined by the presence of plexin-A1 in Sema3A receptors and plexin-A2 in Sema3B receptors, and silencing each abrogates signaling by the appropriate semaphorin. " SIGNOR-261811 SHANK2 protein Q9UPX8 UNIPROT "Postsynaptic density assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH163 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 f miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function." SIGNOR-264606 FBXW5 protein Q969U6 UNIPROT SEC23B protein Q15437 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 30596474 t lperfetto "SCFFBXW5 interacts with SEC23B and targets it for ubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-265286 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1009 LDTSSVLyTAVQPNE -1 7545675 t "Upon activation, the βPDGFR is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine residues and thereby becomes a docking site for SH2-domain-containing signal transduction proteins.|While all phosphotyrosine sites on the βPDGFR are equally good targets for rPTP1B, maps of the βPDGFR dephosphorylated by rSyp showed that rSyp had a distinct preference for certain sites (Fig. 4 D-F). The low dose of rSyp primarily dephosphorylated spots 1, 6, 7, 9, and to a lesser extent 8a|Spot 1 corresponds to tyrosine 751; spot 3 corresponds to tyrosine 1009; spot 6 corresponds to tyrosine 740; spot 8b corresponds to tyrosine 1021; spot 9 corresponds to tyrosine 771, and spots 2, 7, and 8a are as yet unidentified phosphopeptides" SIGNOR-248416 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003858 12734180 f miannu "In the present study we investigated the inhibitory effects of IGF-1 and OP-1 on MMP-13 expression in human chondrocytes. We found that the suppressive effect of IGF-1 and OP-1 on the MMP-13 promoter activity was dose-dependent at the transcriptional level with a corresponding decrease in the level of MMP-13 protein." SIGNOR-254802 TNFSF13B protein Q9Y275 UNIPROT TNFRSF13C protein Q96RJ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 15851487 t lperfetto "Baff specifically binds baff receptor" SIGNOR-135713 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT SALL2 protein Q9Y467 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000452 21228219 f miannu "TGFβ effectively inhibits expression of SALL2 and its regulator AP4 when added to quiescent fibroblasts." SIGNOR-255427 (S,S)-asenapine chemical CHEBI:71257 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258570 GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30397315 f miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269790 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser855 PKPKQFSsFEKRAKI 9606 21068236 t lperfetto "Threonine at amino acid (aa) 770 and serine at aa 854 to 855 of rig-i are phosphorylated by casein kinase ii (ck2) in the resting state of the cell and dephosphorylated when cells are infected by rna virus. Mutation at aa position 770 or 854 to 855 of rig-i renders it constitutively active" SIGNOR-169404 DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16140393 t lperfetto "Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate choice during development with Delta and Jagged constituting the two evolutionary conserved families of Notch ligands. These ligands are transmembrane proteins with conserved biochemical structure that share their receptors and signal through a common mechanism. Upon ligand binding Notch receptors are proteoliticaly cleaved, the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) is released and translocated to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. In mammals, four receptors and five ligands have been described. Delta-1, Delta-3 and Delta-4 are homologues to Drosophila Delta and Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 to Drosophila Serrate." SIGNOR-254315 TSPO2 protein Q5TGU0 UNIPROT VDAC1 protein P21796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 30061676 t miannu "Our results demonstrate the existence of a VDAC-TSPO2-ANT complex that mediates ATP release from RBCs. We previously demonstrated that the translocase protein TSPO2 together with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) were involved in a membrane transport complex in human red blood cells (RBCs). . The present results show that TSPO ligands induce polymerization of VDAC, coupled to activation of ATP release by a supramolecular complex involving VDAC, TSPO2 and ANT." SIGNOR-261826 Erlin complex SIGNOR-C532 SIGNOR ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10119 BTO:0003293 19240031 t miannu "Here we report that the ER membrane protein SPFH1 and its homolog SPFH2 form a heteromeric approximately 2 MDa complex that binds to IP(3)R tetramers immediately after their activation and is required for their processing. The complex is ring-shaped (diameter approximately 250A(),) and RNA interference-mediated depletion of SPFH1 and SPFH2 blocks IP(3)R polyubiquitination and degradation. " SIGNOR-271915 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr699 TAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 9534 BTO:0004055 10993888 t "A Cytosolic Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B Specifically Dephosphorylates and Deactivates Prolactin-activated STAT5a and STAT5b" SIGNOR-248429 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser705 TPSAMKSsPQIPHQT 9606 SIGNOR-C17 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3. All four sites are followed by a proline residue. We have shown that purified cyclin b-cdk1 (cyclindependent kinase 1) phosphorylates these sitesalanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase." SIGNOR-164495 Anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine chemical CID:90872293 PUBCHEM KCNN1 protein Q92952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258023 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR NRARP protein Q7Z6K4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0000782 11783997 t gcesareni "These observations demonstrate that the nrarp gene is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional target of the notch signaling pathway." SIGNOR-113786 FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT PHACTR1 protein Q9C0D0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21939755 f miannu "Recently, we identified a new Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A(165)-induced gene Phactr-1, (Phosphatase Actin Regulator-1). We found that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and VEGF-R1 depletion inhibited Phactr-1 mRNA expression while NRP-2 and VEGF-R2 depletion had no effect." SIGNOR-260060 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1443 DKMKKSKsVKEDSNL 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000938 15695813 t gcesareni "Using a mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that egf induces phosphorylation of iqgap1 ser(1443), a residue known to be phosphorylated by pkcthe nonphosphorylatable iqgap1 s1441a/s1443a had no effect. In contrast, the s1441e/s1443d mutation markedly enhanced the ability of iqgap1 to induce neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-133861 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR "HECT E3 ligase" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF104 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270943 bradykinin smallmolecule CHEBI:3165 ChEBI BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000189 17251915 t gcesareni "Neuropeptides such as grp, endothelin, bradykinin, neuromedin b (nmb), cholecystokinin (cck) and angiotensin ii activate their cognate gpcrs to stimulate cell proliferation in various cell types, and have a crucial role in many aggressive human cancers, including small-cell lung cancer (sclc), pancreatic cancer, hnscc and prostate cancer." SIGNOR-152588 triptorelin chemical CHEBI:63633 ChEBI GNRH1 protein P01148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22416801 t miannu "The comparative effects of degarelix and GnRH agonists were assessed in two studies in a rat model of prostate cancer.14 In a 2‐month study, rats receiving the GnRH agonist, triptorelin (0.5 mg/kg daily), experienced an initial testosterone surge, followed by suppression to castration levels by day 28, which was maintained for the remainder of the study." SIGNOR-259158 MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT HAPLN1 protein P10915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage His31 LDHDRAIhIQAENGP -1 7694569 t miannu "Matrix metalloproteinases cleave at two distinct sites on human cartilage link protein. Sequencing studies of modified link protein components revealed that stromelysins-1 and -2, gelatinases A and B and collagenase cleaved specifically between His16 and Ile17, and matrilysin, stromelysin-2 and gelatinase A cleaved between Leu25 and Leu26. Based on previously determined in situ cleavage sites it is evident that matrix metalloproteinases are not solely responsible for the accumulation of link protein degradation products in adult human cartilage, indicating that additional proteolytic agents are involved in the normal catabolism of human cartilage matrix." SIGNOR-256330 hexestrol chemical CHEBI:31669 ChEBI AKR1C2 protein P52895 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193300 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000785 20551174 f lperfetto "In tissue culture, ectopic expression of Myc suppresses the cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to several anti-mitogenic signals such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), since Myc represses expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) p15ink4b, p21cip1, and p57kip2 via interaction with Miz1" SIGNOR-267574 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26194464 f "MARCO ROSINA" "TbRI phosphorylates not only the C-termini of R-Smads but also activates various protein kinases including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK (p38), which then phosphorylate the variable linker regions of R-Smad" SIGNOR-255033 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser700 FGEKRKNsILNPINS -1 1377674 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of CF-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by PKA and PKG, and serines 686 and 790 were phosphorylated by PKC." SIGNOR-248850 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 ALREIRYsLLPFANE 9606 15147269 t lperfetto "On the basis of these observations, we conclude that s83 of lats2 is a phosphorylation target of aurora-a and this phosphorylation plays a role of the centrosomal localization of lats2." SIGNOR-124830 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PLSCR1 protein O15162 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr74 PVYNQPVyNQPVGAA 9606 11390389 t lperfetto "C-abl tyrosine kinase binds and phosphorylates phospholipid scramblase 1. Phosphorylation was abolished by mutation of tyr residues tyr(69)/tyr(74) within the tandem repeat sequence (68)vynqpvynqp(77) of plscr1" SIGNOR-86017 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol chemical CHEBI:75722 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258149 HOOK1 protein Q9UJC3 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000018 25331952 t miannu "The protein-tyrosine phosphatase domain and N-terminal SH2 domain of SHP2 directly interacted with Hook1. Down-regulation of Hook1 increased SHP2 activity. These results suggested that Hook1 was an endogenous negative regulator of SHP2 phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-260642 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259043 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr143 RGKFKRPtLRRVRIS 9606 24585778 t miannu "Length-dependent activation is modulated by cardiac troponin i bisphosphorylation at ser23 and ser24 but not by thr143 phosphorylation. Thr143 is a known target of protein kinase c (pkc) whose activity is increased in cardiac disease" SIGNOR-204666 PDGFA protein P04085 UNIPROT PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763 11803579 t gcesareni "Platelet-derived growth factors (pdgf) constitute a family of four gene products (pdgf-a-d) acting by means of two receptor tyrosine kinases, pdgfr alpha and beta. Three of the ligands (pdgf-a, -b, and -c) bind to pdgfr alpha with high affinity." SIGNOR-114268 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT IRX2 protein Q9BZI1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser325 PGAPPPAsKPKLWSL -1 15133517 t miannu "To identify the phosphorylated residue, we introduced a serine-to-alanine substitution at residues 294 and 326 and a threonine-to-alanine substitution at residue 331 in Irx2(291–356). Erk1 phosphorylated S294A and T331A, but not S326A (Fig. 4b), indicating that Ser326 is the bona fide MAP kinase target." SIGNOR-263061 RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0001253 18296647 t gcesareni "Both akt and p70(s6k) phosphorylate pdcd4, allowing for binding of the e3-ubiquitin ligase beta-trcp and consequently ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-160992 N'-(1,8-dimethyl-4-imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalinyl)ethane-1,2-diamine chemical CHEBI:91340 ChEBI CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258085 perifosine chemical CHEBI:67272 ChEBI AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001130 14617782 t "Perifosine causes decrease in Akt Ser473 and Thr308 phosphorylation" gcesareni "Perifosine, a novel alkylphospholipid, inhibits protein kinase B activation.| Our results demonstrate that Akt is an important cellular target of perifosine action. In addition, these studies show that the membrane translocation of certain PH domain-containing molecules can be greatly perturbed by the alkylphospholipid class of drugs and imply further that the PI3K/Akt pathway contributes to regulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression." SIGNOR-119189 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT CCNL2 protein Q96S94 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser330 LDGTSGFsPAPKLVE 9534 BTO:0000298 14623875 t llicata "DYRK1A interacted with cyclin L2 in pull-down assays, and overexpression of DYRK1A stimulated phosphorylation of cyclin L2 in COS-7 cells. | Three phosphoserines were identified in the slower migrating bands (Fig. 9; Ser-330, Ser-338, and Ser-369). All of these serine residues are located N-terminal of proline residues, consistent with our previous classification of DYRK1A as a “proline-directed” kinase." SIGNOR-251087 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser280 RSPSPQPsSHVAPQD 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252336 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-267530 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr52 DGFIPKNyIEMKPHP 9606 BTO:0000007 20554525 t lperfetto "More recently, however, tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb2 in BCR-ABL-transformed cells on residues Tyr7, Tyr37, Tyr52, and Tyr209 in the SH3 domains has been reported and shown to negatively regulate the Ras/MAPK pathway." SIGNOR-246293 TAP1 protein Q03518 UNIPROT oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 31810556 t scontino "Following cytosolic proteolysis, antigenic peptides are recruited to the ER and translocated to its lumen by the Transporter associated with Antigen Processing (TAP)." SIGNOR-267778 Norzotepine chemical CID:10041551 PUBCHEM SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 20223878 t Luana "These results collectively demonstrate that norZTP exerts more potent inhibitory action than ZTP on norepinephrine transporters both in vitro and in vivo, presumably accounting for its antidepressant-like effect and low EPS propensity." SIGNOR-257830 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR ADAM19 protein Q9H013 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10933396 f gcesareni "Interestingly, in absence of delta signal, both hes-1 and tcfl5 decreased, and further decreased by incubation with dapt. (figure 4). This pharmacological approach therefore provides additional evidence that tcfl5, similar to hes1, is a true notch target gene." SIGNOR-254340 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C505 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270888 AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr779 ADCLDGLyALMSRCW -1 9178760 t llicata "Our data showed that various receptor substrates are at least associated with the C-terminal tyrosine pY821. Two additional potential autophosphorylation sites (pY866 and pY779) may play a minor role in binding of e€ector proteins" SIGNOR-250591 cabozantinib chemical CHEBI:72317 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207842 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "Postsynaptic density assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH163 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17243894 f miannu "PSD-95 (the best-studied scaffold protein of the PSD, which binds to NR2 subunits of NMDA receptors) was found to be highly abundant in the adult forebrain PSD" SIGNOR-264230 AARS1 protein P49588 UNIPROT Ala-tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:17732 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32314272 t miannu "Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N)." SIGNOR-270447 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner./lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) is one of the main effector pathways of ras, regulating cell growth, cell cycle entry, cell survival, cytoskeleton reorganization, and metabolism." SIGNOR-252698 RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-269955 CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT "Caspase 2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C227 SIGNOR "form complex" binding cleavage:Asp347 SPGCEESdAGKEKLP 21828056 t lperfetto "Like other caspases, caspase-2 is synthesized as an inactive zymogen. The zymogen sequence includes a long prodomain containing a CARD followed by a large domain, a linker, and a small domain. Caspase-2 undergoes autocatalytic activation to remove the prodomain and linker region to generate a stable dimer consisting of the large subunit (p19) and the small subunit (p12). This p19/p12 dimer self-associates to form the active caspase-2" SIGNOR-256389 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t lperfetto "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-195672 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser314 SREQSTDsGLGLGCY 9606 24715453 t milica "LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved serine in this region (Ser311 in human TAZ; Ser397 in human YAP) primes for further phosphorylation by CK1_/_ kinases (Ser314 on human TAZ; Ser400/403 in human YAP)" SIGNOR-230747 NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser377 EKAGLPRsINTDTLS -1 22818914 t miannu "Nek9 phosphorylates NEDD1 on Ser377 driving its recruitment and thereby that of γ-tubulin to the centrosome in mitotic cells." SIGNOR-263016 "Brivanib alaninate" chemical CID:11154925 PUBCHEM FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190723 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000667 15284024 f "JAK activation occurs upon ligand-mediated receptor multimerization because two JAKs are brought into close proximity, allowing trans-phosphorylation. The activated JAKs subsequently phosphorylate additional targets, including both the receptors and the major substrates, STATs." lperfetto "Two possibilities for STAT activation exist: a janus kinase (JAK)-dependent and a JAK-independent mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate that EGFR overexpression in primary esophageal keratinocytes activates STAT in a JAK-dependent fashion" SIGNOR-235655 ARHGAP30 protein Q7Z6I6 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260486 GLI1/GLI2 complex SIGNOR-C450 SIGNOR MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000304 32766732 t "GLI2 and GLI1 heterodimerize via the Zn-finger domain" SimoneGraziosi "GLI1 and GLI2 were shown to co-immunoprecipitate in PANC1 pancreatic cancer cells and RMS13 rhabdomyosarcoma cells.|Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GLI1 and GLI2 occupied the same regions at the BCL2, MYCN and CCND1 promoters. Furthermore, depletion of GLI1 inhibited GLI2 occupancy at these promoters, suggesting that GLI1/GLI2 interaction is required for the recruitment of GLI2 to these sites. | RNAi knockdown of either GLI1 or GLI2 inhibited expression of many well-characterized GLI target genes (BCL2, MYCN, PTCH2, IL7 and CCND1) in PANC1 cells" SIGNOR-269212 "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257571 FRAT1 protein Q92837 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10481074 t lperfetto "In contrast to the GS‐1 peptide, glycogen synthase and the eIF2B peptide, the GSK3‐catalysed phosphorylation of Tau was completely inhibited by FRATtide|This prevents GSK3 from phosphorylating and inhibiting glycogen synthase [2, 3] and protein synthesis initiation factor eIF2B" SIGNOR-262835 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 KEEPKRRsARLSAKP 9606 BTO:0000567 11438671 t lperfetto "We report here that the NBD of the HMGN1 and -N2 protein family is highly and specifically phosphorylated during mitosis and that this phosphorylation has a major functional consequence: it abolishes the interaction of the proteins with its chromatin targets." SIGNOR-249100 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser698 RARRGSSsDEEGGPK -1 14657015 t lperfetto "Following receptor activation, gravin binding to the receptor increases, a process dependent upon PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of two canonical PKA sites (Ser696–698 and Ser772) located within the AKAP domain of gravin." SIGNOR-271844 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser247 KTFLSRHsLDMKFSY 9606 20699359 t lperfetto "In this work, we investigate the phosphorylation of the n-terminal heterodimerization (pas) domain of hif-1alpha and identify ser247 as a major site of in vitro modification by casein kinase 1delta (ck1delta). Mutation of this site to alanine, surprisingly, enhanced the transcriptional activity of hif-1alpha" SIGNOR-167476 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT TPM1 protein P09493 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser61 EDELDKYsEALKDAQ -1 16094730 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate a requirement for the protein kinase activity of PI(3)K in agonist-dependent beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) internalization. Using PI(3)K mutants with either protein or lipid phosphorylation activity, we identify the cytoskeletal protein non-muscle tropomyosin as a substrate of PI(3)K, which is phosphorylated in a wortmannin-sensitive manner on residue Ser 61. A constitutively dephosphorylated (S61A) tropomyosin mutant blocks agonist-dependent betaAR internalization, whereas a tropomyosin mutant that mimics constitutive phosphorylation (S61D) complements the PI(3)K mutant, with only lipid phosphorylation activity reversing the defective betaAR internalization." SIGNOR-263027 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT KRT18 protein P05783 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser53 ISVSRSTsFRGGMGS -1 1374067 t lperfetto "In conclusion, we have shown that the PKCe catalytic fragment physically associates with and phosphorylates CK8/18 HT29 cells. The nature of this association and its physiological significance remain to be determined." SIGNOR-248847 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser242 PSAPPDRsKGAEPSQ 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 12871946 t gcesareni "Two serine residues in rim1 (ser-241 and ser-287) and one serine residue in rim2 (ser-335) were required for 14-3-3 binding. Incubation with ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii greatly stimulated the interaction of recombinant n-terminal rim but not the s241/287a mutant with 14-3-3," SIGNOR-103886 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asp1155 ETPDDLLdDGEIKED 9606 12149654 t miannu "We demonstrate the cleavage and the consequential downregulation of full-length BRCA1 by caspase-3 during UV-induced apoptosis. Finally, mutation of a caspase-3 specific cleavage site (D/A1154) rendered BRCA1 non-cleavable." SIGNOR-256326 YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12042314 t miannu "14-3-3_, 14-3-3_, and 14-3-3_ (but not 14-3-3_ and 14-3-3_) could form a complex with p27kip1 / we discovered that akt-mediated p27kip1phosphorylation directly induces p27kip1binding to 14-3-3 and cytoplasmic localization through phosphorylating the newly identified thr198residue." SIGNOR-88300 E2F2 protein Q14209 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8649818 f gcesareni "We have found that cell cycle regulation of cyclin e transcription is mediated by e2f binding sites present in the promoter" SIGNOR-42020 RPS27L protein Q71UM5 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262445 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser394 TRQTPVDsPDDSTLS 9606 9271440 t gcesareni "Interestingly, phosphorylation at several ser/thr residues within the c-terminal autoinhibitory tail appears to either activate or inhibit s6k1, depending on the cell cycle phase. phosphorylation of those residues (featured by the thr-421/ser-424 site) during mitosis pursued by cdk1 inactivates s6k1 we then assessed the phosphorylation status of the mitosis-specific inhibitory residue of s6k1, thr-421/ser-424, which is targeted by mitotic cdk1." SIGNOR-50603 "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR NANOS3 protein P60323 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31320642 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in bulk mRNA decay, CCR4-NOT can also catalyze the deadenylation or promote translational repression of specific mRNA targets to which it is recruited by RNA binding proteins, such as Nanos, Roquin and Puf/Pumilio proteins" SIGNOR-268350 CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT CDON/SPAG9 complex SIGNOR-C21 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 20160094 t lperfetto "We report here that n-cadherin ligation activates p38alpha/beta in myoblasts in a cdo-, bnip-2-, and jlp-dependent manner" SIGNOR-217517 MAPKAPK3 protein Q16644 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser179 RRFRRSQsDCGELGD -1 15850461 t miannu "Human CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-179 and Ser-244 by MAPKAP-K2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2) or MAPKAP-K3 in vitro. In the present paper we have identified CapZIP as a protein that is phosphorylated exceptionally rapidly by several SAPKs in vitro (Figure 4), and which is expressed in muscles and immune cells. Both MAPKAP-K2 and MAPKAP-K3 phosphorylated CapZIP at Ser-179 in vitro. An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263081 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 12776190 t irozzo "As BCoR binds the C-terminus of AF9, it seems likely that BCoR will also bind chimeric MLL–AF9 proteins. As transcriptional repressors, BCoR or Pc3 bound to MLL–AF9 might interfere with the expression of genes required for normal hematopoiesis." SIGNOR-256142 phentolamine chemical CHEBI:8081 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258446 HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257021 AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671;BTO:0000763 10911903 t gcesareni "It has been found that a multiprotein complex assembled by the cytoplasmic component conductin induces degradation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin. The complex includes apc, the serine/threonine kinase gsk3 beta, and beta-catenin, which bind to conductin at distinct domains." SIGNOR-79944 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser960 SRLSPPHsPRDFTRM 9606 22072711 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q92974-2" gcesareni "We also show that par1b-induced serine 885/serine 959 phosphorylation inhibits rhoa-specific gef activity of gef-h1. As a consequence, gef-h1 phosphorylated on both of the serine residues loses the ability to stimulate rhoa and thereby fails to induce rhoa-dependent stress fiber formation" SIGNOR-177100 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270754 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 10090 BTO:0000944 12169099 t lperfetto "c-Jun was first shown to be phosphorylated in its transactivation domain (Ser-63 and Ser-73) by ERKs and p54-JNK. This is consistent with other studies which show that PD98059 inhibits up-regulation of c-Jun protein in Ras-transformed NIH-3T3 cells" SIGNOR-235522 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr491 CAAWHGYySVAKALC 9606 17803936 t amattioni "Lar tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates dapk at py491/492 to stimulate the catalytic, proapoptotic, and antiadhesion/antimigration activities of dapk" SIGNOR-157706 HBP1 protein O60381 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 15024088 t Luana "Together, these results indicate that HBP1 may contribute to the regulation of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production through transcriptional repression of the p47phox gene. " SIGNOR-261614 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser738 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 9606 15024053 t llicata "Here we show that activation of pkd in response to oxidative stress requires two sequential signaling events, i.e., phosphorylation of tyr463 by abl, which in turn promotes a second step, phosphorylation of the pkd activation loop (ser738/ser742). We show that this is mediated by pkcdelta (protein kinase cdelta)" SIGNOR-123449 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "In the non-canonical wnt pathway, frizzled uses galfaq or galfai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat, and frizzled also signals through the small gtpases rho and rac to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), which activates the ap1 transcription factor." SIGNOR-152603 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT PERP protein Q96FX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10733530 f gcesareni "Perp induction is linked to p53-dependent apoptosis, including in response to e2f-1-driven hyperproliferation. Furthermore, analysis of the perp promoter suggests that perp is directly activated by p53." SIGNOR-75877 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12370803 f irozzo "In this study, we show that Jak2 is involved in c-Myc induction by inducing c-MYC mRNA and protecting c-Myc protein from 26S proteasome-dependent degradation. These results indicate that c-Myc is a downstream target of activated Jak2 in Bcr-Abl positive cells. " SIGNOR-255811 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr581 PDNQPLKtPCFTLHY 9606 15568999 t gcesareni "In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on thr-581 and ser-360 by erk1/2 or p38, msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758." SIGNOR-131383 pipamperone chemical CHEBI:78549 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258572 ADGRG1 protein Q9Y653 UNIPROT ADGRG1 protein Q9Y653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 24949629 t "Like many other adhesion GPCRs, GPR56 is cleaved via a GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain into N- and C-terminal fragments (GPR56N and GPR56C); | We demonstrate that ligand binding releases GPR56N from the membrane-bound GPR56C and triggers the association of GPR56C with lipid rafts and RhoA activation." SIGNOR-253980 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 LQTDGNRsSHSRLGR 9606 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-250978 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRM8 protein O00222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate" SIGNOR-264073 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 8157000 t "Catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in MAP kinases." gcesareni "To understand the mechanism of activation of MAPKK, we have identified Ser217 and Ser221 of MAPKK1 as the sites phosphorylated by p74raf-1." SIGNOR-36553 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT SLIT1 protein O75093 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268892 N1'-[3-fluoro-4-[[6-methoxy-7-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]-4-quinolinyl]oxy]phenyl]-N1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91418 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258111 MZF1 protein P28698 UNIPROT CCN3 protein P48745 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25899830 f miannu "we report the regulation of the CTGF and NOV genes by Myeloid Zinc Finger-1 (MZF-1), a hematopoietic transcription factor. We show the interaction of MZF-1 with the CTGF and NOV promoters in several cell types. Up-regulation of MZF-1 via calcitriol and vitamin A induces expression of CTGF and NOV, implicating a role for these vitamins in the functions of these two genes. Lastly, knockdown of MZF1 reduces levels of CTGF and NOV." SIGNOR-226356 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1177 TSRIRTQsFSLQERQ 9606 11729179 t gcesareni "Recently many investigators have shown that protein phosphorylation of enos by several serine/threonine kinases is a critical control step for no production by endothelial cells. Phosphorylation by amp kinase, akt (or protein kinase b), or protein kinase a on serine 1179 (bovine) or serine 1177 (human) of enos leads to enhanced activity of the enzyme and, thus, augmented production of no." SIGNOR-112375 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR KIFC1 protein Q9BW19 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser6 sPLLEVKG -1 24510915 t miannu "Tryptic digests of KIFC1 treated with CDK1/CYCLIN B were analyzed by LC-MS/MS revealing phosphorylation at Ser6 (Supplementary Fig S5B). These data indicate that phosphorylation by CDK1/CYLCIN B contributes to KIFC1 stability by protecting KIFC1 from APC/C-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-266113 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9534 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252758 DHPS protein P49366 UNIPROT EIF5A protein P63241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" -1 32142284 t miannu "Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) utilizes spermidine and NAD as cofactors to incorporate a hypusine modification into the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Hypusine is essential for eIF5A activation, which, in turn, plays a key role in regulating protein translation of selected mRNA that are associated with the synthesis of oncoproteins, thereby enhancing tumor cell proliferation." SIGNOR-266374 SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT MAJIN protein Q3KP22 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR-C305 33015044 t lperfetto "In this study, we found that SUN1 not only interacted with TERB1 but also interacted with MAJIN, and the interaction of SUN1 with MAJIN is stronger than TERB1. We also found that SUN1 interacted with SPDYA, an activator of CDK2. | It will be of great interest to test this hypothesis to fully understand the mechanisms of stable telomere–NE connection and telomere movement along the NE driven by the LINC complex." SIGNOR-263300 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr526 LRADENYyKAQTHGK 9606 BTO:0000776 9820500 t lperfetto "These represented sites of tyrosine phosphorylation previously identified from the study of in vitro autophosphorylated Syk. Phosphorylation was observed on peptides corresponding to Tyr130, Tyr317, Tyr342, Tyr346, Tyr519, and Tyr520" SIGNOR-246621 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9539746 t lperfetto "Bcl2l1 associates with casp9 and apaf-1 in mammalian cells.Bcl-XL interacts with Apaf-1 and inhibits Apaf-1-dependent caspase-9 activation" SIGNOR-56402 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR NANOS3 protein P60323 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269259 EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr59 GETRFTDtRKDEQER 9606 8386634 t gcesareni "Ef-2 kinase phosphorylates ef-2 at 3 threonine residues: thr-53, thr-56, thr-58. Phosphorylation of thr56 and thr58 was found to be an ordered process, modification of thr56 preceding, and apparently being required for, phosphorylation of thr58." SIGNOR-38556 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270423 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr486 YPAEDSTyDEYENDL 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Cortactin was first identified as a substrate of v-src (46) that mediates in vitro phosphorylation of residues tyr-421, tyr-466, and tyr-482 at the c terminus of the murine ortholog (47). Phosphorylation of these residues attenuates the f-actin cross-linking activity" SIGNOR-98720 IL21R protein Q9HBE5 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0000763;BTO:0001253 15667561 f gcesareni "Interleukin 24 (il-24) is a new member of the il-10 family of cytokines and it signals through two heterodimeric receptors: il-20r1/il-20r2 and il-22r1/il-20r2. Upon binding to its receptors, il-24 induces rapid activation of stat-1 and stat-3 transcription factors," SIGNOR-133379 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADORA3 protein P0DMS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 14662005 t Luana "Adenosine is a physiological nucleoside which acts as an autocoid and activates G protein-coupled membrane receptors, designated A1, A2A, A2B and A3." SIGNOR-268422 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT TPM1 protein P09493 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser283 HALNDMTsI 9606 BTO:0000007 17895359 t miannu "We identified, for the first time, death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAP kinase 1) as the kinase that phosphorylates tropomyosin-1 in response to ERK activation by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). We also report that the phosphorylation of tropomyosin-1 mediated by DAP kinase occurs on Ser283. Our finding that tropomyosin-1 is phosphorylated downstream of ERK and DAP kinase and that it helps regulate the formation of stress fibers will aid understanding the role of this protein in regulating the endothelial functions associated with cytoskeletal remodeling." SIGNOR-262845 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GBF1 protein Q92538 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1337 GKIHRSAtDADVVNS 9606 SIGNOR-C15 18063581 t lperfetto "These results indicate that gbf1 is a novel ampk substrate and that the ampk-mediated phosphorylation of gbf1 at thr(1337) has a critical role, presumably by attenuating the function of gbf1, in the disassembly of the golgi apparatus induced under stress conditions that lower the intracellular atp concentration." SIGNOR-159639 MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT DLX2 protein Q07687 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 9111364 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that dimerization by Msx and Dlx proteins is mediated through their homeodomains and that the residues required for this interaction correspond to those necessary for DNA binding. Unlike most other known examples of homeoprotein interactions, association of Msx and Dlx proteins does not promote cooperative DNA binding; instead, dimerization and DNA binding are mutually exclusive activities. Msx proteins act as transcriptional repressors and Dlx proteins act as activators, while in combination, Msx and Dlx proteins counteract each other's transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-240929 N-[4-[(2-amino-3-chloro-4-pyridinyl)oxy]-3-fluorophenyl]-4-ethoxy-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91409 ChEBI TYRO3 protein Q06418 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190410 ropinirole chemical CHEBI:8888 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9057850 t miannu "Compound (R)-6, the most active compound, showed dopaminergic D2 activity and also had affinity for the 5HT1A serotonin receptor subtype. Its dopaminergic activity was more selective for the D2 receptor subtype (259-fold D2/D3 selectivity) than propylamine analogue (R)-2 (14-fold selectivity) or other dopaminergic standards (e.g., pergolide, lisuride, bromocriptine, and ropinirole, 1.0-, 3.4-, 8.7-, and 2.6-fold selectivities, respectively)" SIGNOR-258600 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser185 NRHSPSWsPDGRRRQ 9606 20890132 t miannu "In this study, we show that Nlp can be phosphorylated by cell cycle protein kinase Cdc2/cyclin B1. The phosphorylation sites of Nlp are mapped at Ser185 and Ser589. Interestingly, the Cdc2/cyclin B1 phosphorylation site Ser185 of Nlp is required for its recognition by PLK1, which enable Nlp depart from centrosomes to allow the establishment of a mitotic scaffold at the onset of mitosis ." SIGNOR-259830 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29182 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269499 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr221 GGPEPGPyAQPSVNT 9606 21602891 t lperfetto "Abl induces phosphorylation at y251 in vivo, and that the kinetics of phosphorylation at y251 and the negative regulatory y221 site in vitro are similar." SIGNOR-173845 N1'-[3-fluoro-4-[[6-methoxy-7-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]-4-quinolinyl]oxy]phenyl]-N1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91418 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 21697284 t gcesareni "Exel-2880 (xl880, gsk1363089) is a small-molecule kinase inhibitor that targets members of the hgf and vegf receptor tyrosine kinase families, with additional inhibitory activity toward kit, flt-3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor _, and tie-2." SIGNOR-174552 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 21576360 t "When IFN-γ binds to its receptor, the receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinases Janus kinase I (JAK1) and JAK2 are activated (37). This leads to the phosphorylation of STAT1, which then dimerizes, translocates to the nucleus, and activates its target promoters, including the pIV promoter of Ciita" SIGNOR-256248 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser16 PGWEKRMsRSSGRVY 9606 23970419 t llicata "Here, we found that aurora a can interact with and phosphorylate pin1 at ser16, which suppresses the g2/m function of pin1 by disrupting its binding ability and mitotic entry." SIGNOR-202487 MSI1 protein O43347 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20477901 t "Inhibits translation" gcesareni "The study confirmed p21(cip1) and numb proteins as targets of musashi1, suggesting additionally p27(kip1) in cell-cycle regulation and jagged-1 in notch ." SIGNOR-165617 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser393 MQVSSSSsSHSLSAS 9606 10455013 t lperfetto "3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1) expressed in unstimulated 293 cells was phosphorylated at ser-25, ser-241, ser-393, ser-396 and ser-410 and the level of phosphorylation of each site was unaffected by stimulation with insulin-like growth factor-1. Mutation of ser-241 to ala abolished pdk1 activity, whereas mutation of the other phosphorylation sites individually to ala did not affect pdk1 activity" SIGNOR-235782 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26059451 t "… these data suggest that STAT5A positively regulates levels of DNMT3A, resulting in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes by epigenetic mechanisms in AML cells" SIGNOR-255631 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser661 QNEFAGFsYTNPEFV 9606 18162466 t "These data reveal that PHLPP controls the cellular levels of PKC by specifically dephosphorylating the hydrophobic motif, thus destabilizing the enzyme and promoting its degradation.|n contrast, results from siRNA depletion and overexpression experiments indicate that the hydrophobic motif site (Ser660) is regulated by PHLPP isoforms," SIGNOR-248326 EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT eIF4F_complex complex SIGNOR-C44 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11408474 t miannu "Eif4a interacts with a scaffold protein, eif4g, to form complexes that also contain the cap-binding protein eif4e, which binds the cap structure (m7gpppn_) at the 5_-end of the mrna. These complexes are termed eif4f." SIGNOR-108515 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SLN protein O00631 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr5 tRELFLNF 10116 23455424 t lperfetto "SLN is also phosphorylated by CaMKII at Thr 5, and a phosphorylation mimic (Thr5Glu mutation) abolishes the inhibitory function of ectopically expressed SLN in adult rat ventricular myocytes| Thr 5 interacts with SERCA Trp 932, and phosphorylation at this site would cause a steric clash that destabilizes binding" SIGNOR-264778 LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT KCNA4 protein P22459 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 22889411 t miannu "We used the Ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family of E3s, a group of PDZ domain-containing RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, to demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy. Many potential substrates of LNX E3s were identified. Eight of the nine selected candidates were ubiquitinated in vitro, and two novel endogenous substrates, PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR), were confirmed in vivo.The C-terminal LNX1 PDZ1-binding motifs of the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A member 1 (ABC-1), PBK, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl d-aspartate 1 (GRIN1), and Claudin-17 significantly promoted the ubiquitination of the corresponding artificial degrons by LNX1ΔPDZ234." SIGNOR-272899 FBXL15 protein Q9H469 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21572392 t miannu "Here, we report that F-box and LRR domain-containing protein 15 (FBXL15), an F-box protein of the FBXL family, forms an Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein-Roc1 (SCF)(FBXL15) ubiquitin ligase complex and targets Smurf1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.  FBXL15, through its leucine-rich repeat domain, specifically recognizes the large subdomain within the N-lobe of the Smurf1 HECT domain and promotes the ubiquitination of Smurf1 on K355 and K357 within the WW-HECT linker region. In this way, FBXL15 positively regulates BMP signalling in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-271910 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser298 ACSSAPGsGPSSPNN 9606 18045992 t lperfetto "Different signal-regulated serine/threonine kinases phosphorylate class ii histone deacetylases (hdacs) to promote nuclear export, cytosolic accumulation, and activation of gene transcriptionhere we show that hdac4 forms a complex with the pp2a holoenzyme c alpha, a alpha, b/pr55 alpha. In vitro and in vivo binding studies demonstrate that the n-terminus of hdac4 interacts with the catalytic subunit of pp2a. Hdac4 is dephosphorylated by pp2a" SIGNOR-159492 RPL6 protein Q02878 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262456 IFNA1 protein P01562 UNIPROT "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 22171011 f 2 miannu "IFN-I (IFN-_ and IFN-_) induces the assembly of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a multimeric transcriptional activation complex composed of STAT1, STAT2, and IFN regulatory factor 9." SIGNOR-240610 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser24 GYLRKPKsMHKRFFV -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-251072 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CRIP2 protein P52943 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser104 RAEERKAsGPPKGPS 9534 BTO:0000298 10681529 t lperfetto " Cyclic GMP kinase I phosphorylated CRP2 at Ser-104, because the mutation to Ala completely prevented the in vivo phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249038 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7791754 t lperfetto "Using several complementary approaches, we investigated the formation of homomeric and heteromeric complexes between the two known bmp type i receptors (br-ia and br-ib) and the bmp type ii receptor (br-ii)." SIGNOR-255257 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10116 BTO:0000801 19020771 f Giorgia "In our current study, we have shown that after LPS-stimulation, MFG-E8-mediated apoptotic cell phagocytosis suppresses various ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and NFκB activation, resulting in a lower TNF-α release. We also explored whether MFG-E8 helps to suppress the proinflammatory pathway within RPMs. We hence incubated the macrophages with apoptotic cells and stimulated them with LPS and examined the activation of MAP kinase and NFkB pathways after the exogenous addition of recombinant MFG-E8 (rMFG-E8). While apoptotic cells alone had no effect on these pathways, the addition of rMFG-E8 to apoptotic cells prior to phagocytosis and LPS stimulation had a marked suppressive effect on all of the investigated pathways, particularly on the p38 and NFκB pathways that play a key role in the cytokine response of macrophages" SIGNOR-260652 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT LMNB1 protein P20700 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser405 VTVSRASsSRSVRTT 9606 BTO:0001271 8034666 t lperfetto "Beta II PKC-mediated phosphorylation of lamin B is confined to two sites, Ser395 and Ser405 | Comparative tryptic phosphopeptide mapping demonstrates that the beta II PKC site, Ser405, is a prominent target of mitotic lamin B phosphorylation in vivo. beta II PKC translocates to the nucleus during the G2/M phase of cell cycle concomitant with phosphorylation of Ser405, indicating a physiologic role for nuclear beta II PKC activation in mitotic lamin B phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-248912 SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT TOP1 protein P11387 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9756848 t miannu "We show that the psf/p54 dimer has pronounced stimulatory effect on dna catalysis by topoisomerase i" SIGNOR-60563 MTA3 protein Q9BTC8 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263852 (RS)-Ppcc chemical CID:16726095 PUBCHEM SIGMAR1 protein Q99720 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 17328523 t Federica "We suggest that 4b may act as a ơ1/ơ2 agonist and that the ơ ligands may modulate TG-2 differently." SIGNOR-261107 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270412 6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-5-(3-piperidinyl)-7-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinamine chemical CHEBI:131165 ChEBI CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206838 GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT CACNB2 protein Q08289 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14701738 t miannu "Two functions for Gem have been demonstrated, including inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel activity and inhibition of Rho kinase-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization, such as stress fiber formation and neurite retraction. These functions for Gem have been ascribed to its interaction with the calcium channel Β subunit and Rho kinase Β, respectively." SIGNOR-261720 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23863160 t lperfetto "AMPK inhibits mTORC1 through two means: first, through phosphorylation of TSC2 to activate its GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity that converts Rheb into an inactive GDP-bound state, thus switching off mitogenic stimulation of mTORC1 [31], and, secondly, through phosphorylation of raptor at Ser722 and Ser792, which leads to 14-3-3 protein binding and mTORC1 inhibition" SIGNOR-209862 ATP5PD protein O75947 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261404 GRPEL1 protein Q9HAV7 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267691 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr235 QARKRKRtSIENRVR 9606 BTO:0004180 23041284 t flangone "Here we show that in ECCs, Akt phosphorylated the master pluripotency factor Oct4 at threonine 235, and that the levels of phosphorylated Oct4 in ECCs correlated with resistance to apoptosis and tumorigenic potential. Phosphorylation of Oct4 increased its stability and facilitated its nuclear localization and its interaction with Sox2, which promoted the transcription of the core stemness genes POU5F1 and NANOG." SIGNOR-252545 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser239 WRSPGRGsWFVQALC 9606 BTO:0000150 21555521 t gcesareni "Pak2 can bind with caspase-7 and phosphorylate caspase-7 at the ser-30, thr-173, and ser-239 sites. Functionally, the phosphorylation of caspase-7 decreases its activity, thereby inhibiting cellular apoptosis." SIGNOR-173655 MYO1E protein Q12965 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000848 28348210 t miannu "Myosin-1E (MYO1E), an actin-dependent molecular motor protein, directly interacts with FAK to induce Y397 autophosphorylation, which, in turn, causes changes in gene expression commonly observed in aggressive cancer." SIGNOR-265427 ZIC3 protein O60481 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17764085 t lperfetto "Zic3 functions as a transcriptional coactivator of gli3 when it physically associates with gli3" SIGNOR-157637 SNTB1 protein Q13884 UNIPROT MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0002314 BTO:0001103 29681515 t apalma "Basal localization of the p38g/p-Carm1 complex in muscle stem cells occurs via binding to the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) through b1-syntrophin. In dystrophin-deficient muscle stem cells undergoing asymmetric division, p38g/b1-syntrophin interactions are abrogated, resulting in enhanced Carm1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-255901 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr680 IEDSREAtHSSGFSG 9606 23079597 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of kard by plk1 promotes direct interaction of bubr1 with the pp2a-b56_ phosphatase that counters excessive aurora b activity at kinetochores. We propose that plk1 and bubr1 cooperate to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule interactions. Phosphorylation of t680 by plk1 is essential for kard function" SIGNOR-199222 DLG3 protein Q92796 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C507 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270897 F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257146 ADAMTS5 protein Q9UNA0 UNIPROT ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu392 PRNITEGeARGSVIL 9606 9202061 t lperfetto "Aggrecan Degradation in Human Cartilage Evidence for both Matrix Metalloproteinase and Aggrecanase Activity in Normal, Osteoarthritic, and Rheumatoid Joints|Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), as well as other MMPs, cleave aggrecan in the interglobular domain between Asn341 and Phe342 to generate a G1 fragment with the COOH terminus VDIPEN341 (11–13). This fragment has been isolated and identified by NH2-terminal sequence analysis from human OA cartilage (11). A second proteolytic activity identified as “aggrecanase” also cleaves aggrecan in the interglobular domain, but between Glu373 and Ala374 (19–24), generating a G1 fragment with a COOH terminus of NITEGE374" SIGNOR-266985 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser688 QFHSPVGsPLKSIQA 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3.alanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.we found that the phosphatases cdc14a and cdc14b (cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to erk3 and reverse its c-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis." SIGNOR-164408 TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257438 48S_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C454 SIGNOR MRNA_scanning phenotype SIGNOR-PH208 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29401259 f lperfetto "The 48S complex scans mRNA from 5′ to 3′ until it identifies an AUG start codon in an appropriate sequence context (Kozak consensus)" SIGNOR-269168 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser558 AEQMANDsDDSISAA -1 28436950 t miannu "Here we show that MRE11 directly interacts with PIH1D1, a subunit of heat-shock protein 90 cochaperone R2TP complex, which is required for the assembly of large protein complexes, such as RNA polymerase II, small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. The MRE11-PIH1D1 interaction is dependent on casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation of two acidic sequences within the MRE11 C terminus containing serines 558/561 and 688/689." SIGNOR-265896 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser122 DGRMVQLsPPALAAP 9606 11904294 t gcesareni "We report here that the important proangiogenic stimulus hypoxia stimulates phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteasomal breakdown of tal1 in endothelial cells. A specific serine in the putative transactivation domain of the protein, ser122, is preferentially phosphorylated by mapk in vitro." SIGNOR-116153 CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000452 12925705 t lperfetto "Without CENP-E, diminished levels of BubR1 are recruited to kinetochores and BubR1 kinase activity remains at basal levels. CENP-E binds to and directly stimulates the kinase activity of purified BubR1 in vitro. Thus, CENP-E is required for enhancing recruitment of its binding partner BubR1 to each unattached kinetochore and for stimulating BubR1 kinase activity, implicating it as an essential amplifier of a basal mitotic checkpoint signal." SIGNOR-252043 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269601 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 16273260 t gcesareni "Human wnt5a, wnt5b and wnt11 are non-canonical wnt ligands transducing pcp signals through fzd3 or fzd6 receptors." SIGNOR-253127 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser483 IRRPRNYsVGSRPLK 9606 BTO:0000562 23457334 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent activation of the heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (pfkfb2) isoenzyme by amino acids." SIGNOR-192260 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 18614016 t gcesareni "The catalytic activity of the src family of tyrosine kinases is suppressed by phosphorylation on a tyrosine residue located near the c terminus (tyr 527 in c-src), which is catalyzed by c-terminal src kinase (csk)." SIGNOR-179417 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 12620238 t lperfetto "This paper reports the crystal structure of caspase-9 in an inhibitory complex with the third baculoviral iap repeat (bir3) of xiap at 2.4 a resolution. X-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (xiap) interacts with caspase-9 and inhibits its activity." SIGNOR-98988 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser256 SPRRRAAsMDNNSKF -1 BTO:0000318 10377430 t lperfetto "Here we show that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase by extracellular growth factors induces phosphorylation, nuclear export, and transcriptional inactivation of FKHR1, a member of the FKHR subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a key mediator of PI3 kinase signal transduction, phosphorylated recombinant FKHR1 in vitro at threonine-24 and serine-253. Mutants FKHR1(T24A), FKHR1(S253A), and FKHR1(T24A/S253A) were resistant to both PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation and PI3 kinase-stimulated nuclear export." SIGNOR-252856 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21078818 t gcesareni "Ligands such as wnt1, wnt3a, and wnt8 couple the seventransmembrane domain receptor frizzled (fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (lrp5/6) to activate wnt Beta-catenin signaling." SIGNOR-253128 KDM3B protein Q7LBC6 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9534 16603237 t miannu "We have purified a JmjC domain-containing protein, JHDM2A, which specifically demethylates mono- and dimethyl-H3K9. JHDM2A exhibits hormone-dependent recruitment to androgen-receptor target genes, resulting in H3K9 demethylation and transcriptional activation. Thus, our work identifies a histone demethylase and links its function to hormone-dependent transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266634 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 10982806 t lperfetto "STAT6 mediates suppression of STAT1 and NF-kB-dependent transcription by distinct mechanisms. Both processes are dependent upon the STAT6 transactivation domain and may involve sequestration of necessary but different transcriptional coactivator proteins. These two suppressive mechanisms are controlled differentially by the nature of the STAT6 DNA-binding site" SIGNOR-249553 ATG10 protein Q9H0Y0 UNIPROT ATG12 protein O94817 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18704115 t gcesareni "Analogous to ubiquitination, atg12 is conjugated to atg5 by atg7--an e1-like protein--and atg10--an e2-like protein." SIGNOR-180129 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258548 KNG1 protein P01042 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 t lperfetto "Besides VWF as a main ligand, GPIbα also binds multiple ligands such as thrombospondin, Factor XII, Factor XI, thrombin, High Molecular Weight kininogen, P-selectin and Mac-1." SIGNOR-261858 KATNAL2 protein Q8IYT4 UNIPROT KATNB1 protein Q9BVA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10751153 t miannu "Katanin, a heterodimeric microtubule-severing ATPase, is found localized at mitotic spindle poles. In this paper we demonstrate that human p60 katanin and the C-terminal domain of human p80 katanin both bind microtubules in vitro. Association of these two proteins results in an increased microtubule affinity and increased microtubule-severing activity in vitro. Association of these subunits in transfected HeLa cells increases microtubule disassembly activity and targeting to spindle poles. " SIGNOR-267180 TLX1 protein P31314 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002504 22516263 t irozzo "We show that the cortical thymic maturation arrest in T-lineage ALLs that overexpress TLX1 or TLX3 is due to binding of TLX1/TLX3 to ETS1, leading to repression of T cell receptor (TCR) α enhanceosome activity and blocked TCR-Jα rearrangement." SIGNOR-259097 BCL11A protein Q9H165 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20712774 f Regulation miannu "BCL11A maintains silencing of gamma-globin expression in adult erythroid cells and functions as a direct transcriptional regulator of the fetal to adult hemoglobin switch in humans. we found that BCL11A plays a central role in the evolutionarily divergent globin gene switches of mammals. As a factor critical for gamma-globin gene silencing, BCL11A should be considered as a therapeutic target to increase HbF in a directed manner in beta-thalassemia patients." SIGNOR-251774 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI CD86 protein P42081 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18652845 f miannu "Although RAPA downregulated ILT2, ILT3 and ILT4 expression in DC, the inhibition of T cell proliferation by RAPA-treated DC is predominantly due to the reduction of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression rather than the propensity to generate FoxP3 expressing regulatory cells." SIGNOR-255479 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PRPS2 protein P11908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser180 GGAKRVTsIADRLNV 9606 BTO:0006038 29074724 t lperfetto "We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation or hypoxia results in the AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) S180 and PRPS2 S183, leading to conversion of PRPS hexamers to monomers and thereby inhibiting PRPS1/2 activity, nucleotide synthesis, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production." SIGNOR-265732 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253864 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32201502 f MIANNU "Ang II binding to AT1 receptors has been implicated in inflammatory responses. Activation of this Ang II–AT1 receptor-dependent pathway is widely accepted to lead to organ damage and fibrosis." SIGNOR-260233 silodosin chemical CHEBI:135929 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258449 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT PSMF1 protein Q92530 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 23622245 t lperfetto "We identify the ADP-ribosyltransferase tankyrase (TNKS) and the 19S assembly chaperones dp27 and dS5b as direct binding partners of the proteasome regulator PI31. TNKS-mediated ADP-ribosylation of PI31 drastically reduces its affinity for 20S proteasome alpha subunits to relieve 20S repression by PI31." SIGNOR-263386 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr250 NSCTPITtPELTTPC 9606 9155017 t lperfetto "Mnk1, but not mnk2, also binds strongly to the stress-activated kinase, p38. Erk and p38 phosphorylate MNK1 and Mnk2." SIGNOR-48342 BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000830 15526160 f miannu "C-Kit promotes survival via PI3-kinase-dependent activation of Akt and phosphorylation of Bad, a pro-apoptotic molecule, at S136 in vivo." SIGNOR-254953 NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18172616 f miannu "This study indicates that hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha) bound to the proximal promoter motif not only enhances the basal reporter activity of UGT1A1, including the distal (-3570/-3180) and proximal (-165/-1) regions, but also influences the transcriptional regulation of UGT1A1 by CAR, PXR, GR, and AhR to markedly enhance reporter activities." SIGNOR-254440 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT SOX8 protein P57073 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser327 SAPSASAsPTETGPP 9606 BTO:0000410 32550913 t miannu "We showed for the first time that Aurora-A interacts directly with SOX8 and phosphorylates the protein at Ser327 to further regulate the SOX8/FOXK1 axis, which modulates cell senescence and glycolysis, ultimately leading to cisplatin resistance." SIGNOR-273548 SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11752454 t gcesareni "We report that siah-1 interacts directly with and promotes the degradation of the cell fate regulator numb." SIGNOR-113469 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser637 VPVARKLsAREQRDC 10090 31063459 t lperfetto "We have also previously reported that ROCK1-mediated Drp1S600 phosphorylation resulted in enhanced mitochondrial fission in podocytes" SIGNOR-262549 RAP1B protein P61224 UNIPROT "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003104 12808052 t lperfetto "The critical cytoplasmic regions of the alphaL/beta2 integrin in Rap1-induced adhesion and migration|Rap1 is a potent inside-out signal that increases LFA-1 adhesive activity." SIGNOR-253363 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 17158707 t lperfetto "The JNK-mediated phosphorylation of both Ser63 and Ser73 within the transactivation domain of c-Jun (Table _(Table1)1) potentiates its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-53784 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 19058965 t Luana "Tazarotene and its analogue 8 are RAR-β,γ selective acetylenic retinoids, whereas analogue 9 is very active on the three subtypes. " SIGNOR-258138 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 11737269 t lperfetto "Smad6 interacts with tak1 and tab1, and smad7 with tab1. The interaction of i-smads with tak1 and/or tab1 implies that several mechanisms exist underlying the repression of the tak1-p38 kinase pathway by i-smads." SIGNOR-235571 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr35 LLKHAEAtLGSGNLR 9606 23431053 t milica "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-201318 2-[(4S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-4-yl]-N-ethylacetamide chemical CHEBI:95082 ChEBI BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24015967 t Gianni "This paper describes the discovery and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of potent benzodiazepine inhibitors that disrupt the function of the BET family of bromodomains (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4). This work has yielded a potent, selective compound I-BET762 that is now under evaluation" SIGNOR-262202 IL12A protein P29459 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10653850 f miannu "IL-18, originally described as IFN-γ-inducing factor, is secreted from activated macrophages and Kupffer cells (1–3). The major activity associated with this cytokine is induction of IFN-γ production from CD4+ Th1 cells, T cells, B cells and NK cells, especially in collaboration with IL-12" SIGNOR-260861 GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT ADCY5 protein O95622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004032 21303898 t miannu "D1-class dopamine receptors (D1 and D5) activate the G s/olf family of G proteins to stimulate cAMP produc tion by AC and are found exclusively postsynaptically on dopamine-receptive cells, such as GABA-ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum." SIGNOR-264997 DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT SHANK2 protein Q9UPX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264599 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser732 SSEGFYPsPQHMVQT 9606 BTO:0000938 12941275 t gcesareni "Here, we show that fak phosphorylation by cdk5 at s732 is important for microtubule organization, nuclear movement, and neuronal migration. In cultured neurons, s732-phosphorylated fak is enriched along a centrosome-associated microtubule fork that abuts the nucleus. Overexpression of the nonphosphorylatable mutant fak s732a results in disorganization of the microtubule fork and impairment of nuclear movement in vitro, and neuronal positioning defects in vivo." SIGNOR-86223 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270710 MLEC protein Q14165 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272066 RRAGC protein Q9HB90 UNIPROT RAGBC complex SIGNOR-C115 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "Mammals express four Rag proteins€”RagA, RagB, RagC, and RagD€”that form heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB with RagC or RagD. RagA and RagB, like RagC and RagD, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-228173 Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT MC2R protein Q01718 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000047 20371771 t lperfetto "Here, we show that, whereas MRAP was essential for activation of MC2R signaling, MRAP2 was an endogenous inhibitor that competed with MRAP for binding to MC2R and decreased the potency of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the endogenous agonist for MC2Rs, in stimulating the production of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)." SIGNOR-268616 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser172 LCLSPASsGSSASFI 9606 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248366 ARHGAP22 protein Q7Z5H3 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260477 JAG2 protein Q9Y219 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 9315665 t gcesareni "Immunohistochemistry revealed coexpression of jagged2 and notch1 within thymus and other fetal murine tissues, consistent with interaction of the two proteins in vivo. Coculture of fibroblasts expressing human jagged2 with murine c2c12 myoblasts inhibited myogenic differentiation, accompanied by increased notch1 and the appearance of a novel 115-kda notch1 fragment. Exposure of c2c12 cells to jagged2 led to increased amounts of notch mrna as well as mrnas for a second notch receptor, notch3, and a second notch ligand, jagged1. Constitutively active forms of notchl in c2c12 cells also induced increased levels of the same set of mrnas, suggesting positive feedback control of these genes initiated by binding of jagged2 to notch1." SIGNOR-236922 WHAMM protein Q8TF30 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20498093 t lperfetto "Members of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family, which includes WASP, N-WASP, WAVE (1–3), WHAMM, JMY, and WASH, control actin cytoskeletal dynamics throughout biology. They act in large part by regulating the actin nucleating activity of the ubiquitous Arp2/3 complex. WASP proteins stimulate Arp2/3 complex using a conserved C-terminal VCA (Verprolin homologous, central hydrophobic, and acidic) region. They contain distinct N-terminal elements, which facilitate integration into unique macromolecular complexes." SIGNOR-261004 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001289 21489980 f miannu "Silencing of PARP1 resulted in a strong down-regulation of TM expression in Met-5A cells, while restoring TM expression in H28 cells. We propose that methylation of the TM promoter is responsible for silencing of TM expression in MM tissue, a process that is regulated by PARP1." SIGNOR-254893 NDUFB7 protein P17568 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND5-module corresponds to the distal part of the membrane arm and it is composed of MT-ND5, NDUFB2, NDUFB3, NDUFB7, NDUFB8, NDUFB9 and NDUFAB1" SIGNOR-262170 ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12743039 t Luisa "The two members of the ZEB family of zinc finger factors (ZEB-1/deltaEF1 and ZEB-2/SIP1) regulate TGFbeta/BMP signaling in opposite ways: ZEB-1/deltaEF1 synergizes with Smad-mediated transcriptional activation, while ZEB-2/SIP1 represses it. Here we report that these antagonistic effects by the ZEB proteins arise from the differential recruitment of transcriptional coactivators (p300 and P/CAF) and corepressors (CtBP) to the Smads. Thus, while ZEB-1/deltaEF1 binds to p300 and promotes the formation of a p300-Smad transcriptional complex, ZEB-2/SIP1 acts as a repressor by recruiting CtBP." SIGNOR-268953 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RMND5B protein Q96G75 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271256 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT CFB protein P00751 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002809 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253802 GABRB2 protein P47870 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263769 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT MAP3K10 protein Q02779 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12514131 t gcesareni "Taken together, these findings support a model in which apoptotic stimuli or posh overexpression induce direct association between posh and inactive mlks." SIGNOR-97003 WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 20159598 f "Hippo pathway" Gianni "These results shed light on the mechanism of Ex and Mer function and implicate Kibra as a potential tumor suppressor with relevance to neurofibromatosis." SIGNOR-261953 TSPOAP1 protein O95153 UNIPROT RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264368 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20553736 f lperfetto "Pigment epithelium-derived factor induces interleukin-10 expression in human macrophages by induction of PPAR gamma." SIGNOR-271688 PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000182 phosphorylation:Tyr88 PQSSSPVyGSSAKTS 27447856 f lperfetto "Together, our data suggest that phosphorylation of paxillin Y88 activates AKT through the paxillin-p130Cas-p85/PI3K-AKT signaling axis and promotes colorectal tumorigenesis" SIGNOR-263979 superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "precursor of" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272288 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1696 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120196 "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266465 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11904305 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Here we show that p42/p44 mapk directly phosphorylates sp1 on threonines 453 and 739 both in vitro and in vivo. sa-perk1/2 activates the transcription factor, sp1, via ser59 phosphorylation downstream of pkc_, leading to transcription of p21sdi1 and resulting in replicative senescence of hdf cells." SIGNOR-270104 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr564 SKHKEDVyENLHTKN 9606 BTO:0000782 8114715 t llicata "The two sites (y-536 and y-564) which are directly phosphorylated by lck in vitro are also phosphorylated in vivo in lstra cells. One of these sites (y-564) is phosphorylated in t cells in response to lck activation." SIGNOR-36121 GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256911 MEST protein Q5EB52 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24827625 f areggio "Our data demonstrate that Mest alleviated CCl4-induced collagen deposition in liver tissue and improved the condition of the liver in rats. Mest also significantly reduced the expression and distribution of β-catenin, α-SMA and Smad3 both in vivo and in vitro, in addition to the viability of HSCs in vitro." SIGNOR-258982 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT NELFCD protein Q8IXH7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17131388 t miannu "In this paper, we identify here trihydrophobin 1 (TH1), an integral subunit of the human negative transcription elongation factor (NELF) complex, as a novel E6-AP interaction protein and a target of E6-AP-mediated degradation. Overexpression of E6-AP results in degradation of TH1 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas knock-down of endogenous E6-AP elevates the TH1 protein level. " SIGNOR-271404 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ARPC1B protein O15143 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr21 HAWNKDRtQIAICPN 9606 14749719 t lperfetto "The formation of new branched actin filament networks at the cell cortex of migrating cells is choreographed by the actin-related protein (arp) 2/3 complex. Despite the fundamental role of the arp2/3 complex in actin nucleation and branching, upstream signals that control the functions of p41-arc, a putative regulatory component of the mammalian arp2/3 complex. Pak1 phosphorylation of p41-arc regulates its localization with the arp2/3 complex in the cortical nucleation regions of cells. Pak1 phosphorylates p41-arc on threonine 21" SIGNOR-121642 warfarin chemical CHEBI:10033 ChEBI VKORC1 protein Q9BQB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 27941861 t lperfetto "Warfarin and vitamin K compete for binding to Phe55 in human VKOR|Our results challenge the prevailing concept of noncompetitive warfarin inhibition because K vitamers and warfarin share binding sites on VKOR that include Phe55, a key residue binding either the substrate or inhibitor." SIGNOR-265911 HARS1 protein P12081 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10430027 t miannu "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. This amino acid has uniquely moderate basic properties and is an important group in many catalytic functions of enzymes." SIGNOR-270487 PLXNB3 protein Q9ULL4 UNIPROT ARHGDIA protein P52565 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000526 20696765 t miannu "Here, we report the expression of plexin-B3 in glioma cells, which upon stimulation by its ligand Sema5A results in significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion. A search for the underlying mechanism revealed direct interaction of plexin-B3 with RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα), a negative regulator of RhoGTPases that blocks guanine nucleotide exchange and sequesters them away from the plasma membrane. direct interaction of RhoGDIα and the cytoplasmic domain of plexin-B3 (plexin-B3CD) was confirmed by GST pulldown assays." SIGNOR-268435 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1193 QPTSKAYsPRYSISD 9606 8816480 t gcesareni "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1" SIGNOR-43951 MAP1LC3C protein Q9BXW4 UNIPROT ATG3 protein Q9NT62 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 22170151 t lperfetto "Lc3-i is activated by the same atg7 involved in atg12 conjugation, transferred to atg3, a second e2-like enzyme, and finally conjugated to pe" SIGNOR-191552 SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000664;BTO:0000565 25428262 f irozzo "Taken together, these data show that SF3B1 knockdown results in inhibition of cell growth, induction of cell cycle arrest and impairment of erythroid differentiation in myeloid cell lines.[…]SF3B1 knockdown compared with the scramble control, suggesting that normal SF3B1 function is required for erythroid differentiation." SIGNOR-256004 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT SLC9A3 protein P48764 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 16464174 f "Transcriptional stimulation of the human NHE3 promoter activity by PMA: PKC independence and involvement of the transcription factor EGR-1|Co-transfection of Sp1 or Sp3 into SL2 cells activated the NHE3-reporter constructs, suggesting that Sp1 and Sp3 act as positive regulators of the NHE3 expression. In addition, overexpression of EGR-1 was sufficient to transactivate the NHE3-reporter gene activity" SIGNOR-254269 LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 11336703 t amattioni "Axin is a protein that interacts with the intracellular domain of LRP-5. LRP-5 active form bind Axin and induce LEF-1 activation by destabilizing Axin and stabilizing beta-catenin." SIGNOR-236997 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 22083140 t gcesareni "In the absence of secreted wnt ligands, cytosolic beta-catenin is phosphorylated at ser45 by the priming kinase casein kinase 1 (ck1). Consequently, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3), in complex with axin and adenomatous polyposis coli (apc), phosphorylates beta-catenin at thr41, ser37, and ser33 apc cooperates with axin to promote the phosphorylation of b-catenin by gsk3 [which requires priming phosphorylation by casein kinase 1, alpha-isoform (ck1alpha)]" SIGNOR-177233 "phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37328 ChEBI CADPS protein Q9ULU8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 24363652 t miannu "CAPS exhibits low affinity but functionally significant interactions with plasma membrane PIP2 via its central PH (pleckstrin homology) domain (82, 111). PIP2 enhanced CAPS stimulation of SNARE-dependent liposome fusion with wild-type but not with mutant PH domain CAPS proteins" SIGNOR-264334 UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT KPC complex SIGNOR-C523 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 15531880 t miannu " We now describe a previously unidentified E3 complex: KPC (Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex), consisting of KPC1 and KPC2. KPC1 contains a RING-finger domain, and KPC2 contains a ubiquitin-like domain and two ubiquitin-associated domains. KPC interacts with and ubiquitinates p27(Kip1) and is localized to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of KPC promoted the degradation of p27(Kip1), whereas a dominant-negative mutant of KPC1 delayed p27(Kip1) degradation.  Polyubiquitination activity of KPC was apparent with only Ubc4 or UbcH5A." SIGNOR-271515 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258071 PYCARD protein Q9ULZ3 UNIPROT "NLRP1 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C224 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256408 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 10458769 t miannu "We propose that shp1 can dephosphorylate sites in zap-70 and syk that are involved in coupling these kinases to downstream signaling cascades, including erk2 and elements of the il-2 gene." SIGNOR-70234 IL3 protein P08700 UNIPROT IL3RA protein P26951 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11700046 t gcesareni "The results demonstrate that both the association and dissociation rates for the binding of il-3 to the il-3ralpha are altered by truncation and by amino acid substitution at individual sites. Intracellular signaling studies using k116w and e43n demonstrate that differences in the il-3alpha binding characteristics are reflected in magnitude and kinetics of stat5 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-111404 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr387 RTQTVRGtLAYLPEE -1 11960013 t "In vitro the IRAK-1 activation loop is a good substrate for IRAK-4, and that T387 and S376 are the main sites of phosphorylation by both IRAK-1 and IRAK-4." SIGNOR-251329 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT SAR1A protein Q9NR31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 BTO:0002181 28790157 t SARA "SIRT7 interacts with the helicase DDX21. Deacetylation by SIRT7 is required for DDX21 activity and R-loop unwinding" SIGNOR-260978 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT ASAP1 protein Q9ULH1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr323 QLQGNKEyGSEKKGY 9606 BTO:0000007 12771146 t miannu "The tyrosine kinase Pyk2 regulates Arf1 activity by phosphorylation and inhibition of the Arf-GTPase-activating protein ASAP1. Pyk2 directly phosphorylates ASAP1 on tyrosine residues in vitro and increases ASAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation when co-expressed in HEK293T cells.Phosphorylation of tyrosine 308 and 782 affects the phosphoinositide binding profile of ASAP1, and fluorimetric Arf-GTPase assays with purified proteins revealed an inhibition of ASAP1 GTPase-activating protein activity by Pyk2-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263186 IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 26260587 t lperfetto "IL10R2 recruits cytoplasmic protein Jak1 followed by phosphorylation of tyrosine at position 705 in the STAT3 (705Y-STAT3) molecule. Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a homodimer, which is then translocated to the nucleus to facilitate transcriptional regulation of target genes." SIGNOR-249545 CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0004602 17942113 f miannu "The gene expression and enzymatic activity of GTPCH1, the first enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of BH(4), were significantly inhibited by CRP. Importantly, GTPCH1 is known to be regulated by cAMP-mediated pathway. In the present study, CRP-mediated inhibition of GTPCH1 activity was reversed by pretreatment with cAMP analogues." SIGNOR-252215 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16547521 t miannu " KLHL12 recruits Dsh to Cullin-3 for protein degradation. In vitro ubiquitination of Dsh3 by KLHL12–Cullin-3–Roc1. The E3 ligase complex was obtained by transfection of HEK293T cells . We show that the BTB-containing protein KLHL12 negatively regulates Dsh function by recruiting a pool of Dsh to the Cullin-3 ligase scaffold, thereby promoting its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271562 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser196 KLRRRFSsLHFMVEV -1 9812896 t "Akt phosphorylated recombinant Casp9 in vitro on serine-196 and inhibited its protease activity." SIGNOR-251473 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr534 SRTPSLPtPPTREPK 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249349 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu76 CSFEEAReVFENTER 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263694 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT PCYT1A protein P49585 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 10744779 t Luana "Sp1 and Sp3 function as transcriptional activators of the Ctpct promoter" SIGNOR-266232 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM71 protein Q2Q1W2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271014 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR "E2 conjugating enzyme" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF105 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270841 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20670887 f gcesareni "Hif1alfa is the transcription factor downstream of mtorc1 in the control of glycolytic genes." SIGNOR-167187 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271346 AGTR2 protein P50052 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32201502 f MIANNU "AT2 receptor stimulation has been associated, for instance, with protection of the brain against ischemia [94]. In essence, AT2 receptors are linked to vasodilatation, release of nitric oxide, tissue development and remodeling, by stimulating apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth" SIGNOR-260232 "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) catalyzes the interconversion of G6P into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) in the second step of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (Figure 1). As a result of this reversible reaction, products of the hexose-monophosphate shunt can be recycled to G6P." SIGNOR-266460 TAF11 protein Q15544 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263925 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT ABCA3 protein Q99758 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21526180 f miannu "we demonstrated that SALL4 was able to bind to the promoter region of ABCA3 and activate its expression while regulating the expression of ABCG2 indirectly. SALL4 expression was positively correlated to those of ABCG2 and ABCA3 in primary leukemic patient samples" SIGNOR-255121 RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 30889378 t miannu "The RTKs in turn induce phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or the signaling domain of the b4 integrin. These elements recruit distinct subsets of signaling enzymes and adaptors, refining the specificity of individual partner RTKs." SIGNOR-259032 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP then displaces the inhibitory binding between ASK1 and 14-3-3 protein, favoring ASK1 activation" SIGNOR-254773 SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser309 RPNKQEEsESPVERP 9606 22727668 t llicata "We found that activated akt binds and induces srpk1 autophosphorylation because akt-mediated phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of srpk1" SIGNOR-197985 TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr224 DSNSKKIyGSQPNFN 9606 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (tfks) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the sh3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism. For bmx, we obtained two phosphorylated sites, y215 and y223 (fig. 6c). The bmx-y215 is a conserved tyrosine, which is homologous to btk-y223 and itk-y180" SIGNOR-98094 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258633 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr826 LPTPTKMtPRSRILV 9606 9139732 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that phosphorylation by either cdk2-cyclin a, which phosphorylates t821, or cdk4-cyclin d1, which phosphorylates threonine 826, can disable prb for subsequent binding of an lxcxe protein." SIGNOR-216957 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr204 VQRTIARtIVLQESI 452646 7774578 t lperfetto "The TGF-beta type II receptor (T beta R-II) is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that, upon ligand binding, recruits and phosphorylates a second transmembrane kinase, T beta R-I, as a requirement for signal transduction. In contrast to the relatively innocuous nature of single site mutations in the ttsgsgsg sequence, mutation of thr200 or 204 to valine causes marked losses in ligand-induced phosphorylation and signaling." SIGNOR-32748 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BRAP protein Q7Z569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271112 HP protein P00738 UNIPROT hb:hp complex SIGNOR-C149 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11854029 t miannu "CD163 was identified as the endocytic receptor binding hemoglobin (Hb) in complex with the plasma protein haptoglobin (Hp). This specific receptor-ligand interaction leading to removal from plasma of the Hp-Hb complex-but not free Hp or Hb-now explains the depletion of circulating Hp in individuals with increased intravascular hemolysis." SIGNOR-255283 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser14 RTADSSSsEDEEEYV 9606 21245376 t gcesareni "Hp1_ was multiply phosphorylated at n-terminal serine residues (s11-14) in human and mouse cells and that this phosphorylation enhanced hp1_'s affinity for h3k9me. Unphosphorylatable mutant hp1_ exhibited severe heterochromatin localization defects in vivo, and its prolonged expression led to increased chromosomal instability." SIGNOR-171707 LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11346656 t gcesareni "Although both manic fringe (mfng) and lunatic fringe (lfng) decreased the binding of jagged1 to notch2 and not that of delta1, the decrease by mfng was greater in degree than that by lfng. We also found that both fringe proteins reduced jagged1-triggered notch2 signaling, whereas neither affected delta1-triggered notch2 signaling." SIGNOR-107705 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16481469 t lperfetto "Mutation of either the three pka sites or pka-primed cki sites prevents phosphorylation of ci by cki in vitro and blocks ci cleavage in embryos" SIGNOR-144557 glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267950 SP4 protein Q02446 UNIPROT CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15781457 t miannu "Sp4 directly binds Crx. Sp4 and Sp1 produce much higher levels of transcriptional activation when co-transfected with Crx, they may additionally act by directly increasing the rate of transcriptional initiation by the general transcriptional apparatus through their activation domains." SIGNOR-225333 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 SIGNOR-C2 21157483 t lperfetto "Mammalian TOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 exert their actions by regulating other important kinases, such as S6 kinase (S6K) and Akt.Recent findings have revealed novel important roles for mTORC2 in the phosphorylation of AGC kinase family members. mTORC2 phosphorylates and activates Akt, SGK, and PKC, which regulate cell survival, cell cycle progression and anabolism" SIGNOR-170604 TFAP4 protein Q01664 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 19505873 t miannu "We also observed moderately increased recruitment of CTCF, HDAC1, and SP1 by the full-length AP-4 onto the WT DNA beads." SIGNOR-226593 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15489227 t miannu "Constitutive and interleukin-1-inducible Phosphorylation of p65 NF-{kappa}B at Serine 536 Is Mediated by Multiple Protein Kinases Including I{kappa}B Kinase (IKK)-{alpha}, IKK{beta}, IKK{epsilon}, TRAF Family Member-Associated (TANK)-binding Kinase 1 (TBK1). Overexpressed ikkepsilon and tbk1 phosphorylate ser-536 in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-217379 anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one chemical CHEBI:90695 ChEBI JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11717429 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "We report the identification of an anthrapyrazolone series with significant jnk1, -2, and -3 (k(i) = 0.19 microm). To determine whether jnk activity is required for stress-induced translocation of bax to the mitochondria, we examined the effect of sp600125, a jnk inhibitor." SIGNOR-269885 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT TEAD4 protein Q15561 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "YAP/TAZ mainly bind to the transcription factors TEAD1??4 to regulate genes involved in cell proliferation and cell death." gcesareni "When dephosphorylated, yap/taz enter nuclei and induce gene transcription by interacting with transcription factors tead14." SIGNOR-201459 BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257304 zolmitriptan chemical CHEBI:10124 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 10193663 t Luana "This study has demonstrated that the 5-HT receptor binding profile of eletriptan is qualitatively similar to the binding profile of sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan and rizatriptan. As expected these compounds demonstrated high affinity for the human 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors which is consistent with their known vasoconstrictor properties in isolated vascular tissues " SIGNOR-258341 IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30518405 f miannu "We further demonstrated that IMPDH2 overexpression accelerated G1/S phase cell cycle transition by inducing increased expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 and downregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. More importantly, G1/S phase cell cycle transition was triggered by IMPDH2 through activation of AKT activity, downregulation of mTOR and FOXO1 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-260959 HMGA2 protein P52926 UNIPROT SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0001003 11390395 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Expression of endogenous alpha-ENaC gene in salivary Pa-4 cells is suppressed by an ectopic HMGI-C overexpression." SIGNOR-251946 LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT GRIN1 protein Q05586 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 22889411 t miannu "We used the Ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family of E3s, a group of PDZ domain-containing RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, to demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy. Many potential substrates of LNX E3s were identified. Eight of the nine selected candidates were ubiquitinated in vitro, and two novel endogenous substrates, PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR), were confirmed in vivo." SIGNOR-272901 SNU13 protein P55769 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270629 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser257 PERPGILsPATSEAV 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262719 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr434 MSFHRNHtATVRSHA 9606 11123317 t lperfetto "Here, we present a selective mutagenesis analysis of two conserved threonine residues (T410 and T412) located at the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic region of CD5. These residues are contained within consensus phosphorylation motifs for protein kinase C and are shown here to be critical for in vivo protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of CD5. " SIGNOR-249070 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI 3-phosphonatooxypyruvate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18110 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25406093 t lperfetto "PHDGH catalyzes the first reaction of de novo serine biosynthesis, producing 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate by NAD+-coupled oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG).|The PHGDH reaction is reversible and, under standard conditions, thermodynamically favors the direction from 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to 3PG." SIGNOR-268565 GAS6 protein Q14393 UNIPROT AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16362042 t gcesareni "Receptor tyrosine kinases of the axl family are activated by the vitamin k-dependent protein gas6. We report the identification of ligands for tyro 3 (alternatively called sky, rse, brt, or tif) and axl (alternatively, ark or ufo), members of a previously orphan family of receptor-like tyrosine kinases. These ligands correspond to protein s, a protease regulator that is a potent anticoagulant, and gas6, a protein related to protein s but lacking any known function." SIGNOR-143109 BST1 protein Q10588 UNIPROT "cyclic ADP-ribose" smallmolecule CHEBI:31445 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR." SIGNOR-264248 EIF3C protein Q99613 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266398 TRAF7 protein Q6Q0C0 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15001576 t miannu "Traf7 specifically interacts with and activates mekk3." SIGNOR-123221 KIF13A protein Q9H1H9 UNIPROT ZFYVE26 protein Q68DK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20208530 t miannu "We show that PtdIns(3)P localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis and recruits a centrosomal protein, FYVE-CENT (ZFYVE26), and its binding partner TTC19, which in turn interacts with CHMP4B, an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III subunit implicated in the abscission step of cytokinesis. On the basis of these data and the high-content microscopy described above, we propose that PtdIns(3)P controls the KIF13A-dependent recruitment of FYVE-CENT and TTC19 to the midbody, and that TTC19 is the most downstream effector of the three, possibly controlling the function of CHMP4B." SIGNOR-265539 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CCL11 protein P51671 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16604092 f miannu "Rosmarinic acid also inhibited TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB-alpha, as well as nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB heterodimer induced by TNF-alpha. This suggests that rosmarinic acid downregulates the expression of CCL11 and CCR3 via the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation signaling." SIGNOR-254661 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PDE4C protein Q08493 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser641 YQSKIPRsPSDLTNP 9606 11030732 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08493-2" gcesareni "The short-form pde4b2 isoenzyme was activated by erk2 phosphorylation. sub-family selective actions in the ability of erk2 map kinase to phosphorylate and regulate the activity of pde4 cyclic amp-specific phosphodiesterases" SIGNOR-83187 bortezomib chemical CHEBI:52717 ChEBI PSMB5 protein P28074 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000567 19428245 t Luana "MG-132, which was one of the first synthetic inhibitors, interacts reversibly with the N-terminal threonine residue of the β5 active site." SIGNOR-257820 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser108 DVEELTAsQREAAER 9606 15210935 t lperfetto "Atm phosphorylates mcm3 on s535 in response to ionizing radiation. Second, atr phosphorylates mcm2 on s108 in response to multiple forms of dna damage and stalling of replication forksthe functional consequences of mcm2 s108 and mcm3 s535 phosphorylation are not clear" SIGNOR-126363 TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser218 ISGYLVDsVAKTMDA 9606 BTO:0000007 9786855 t lperfetto "The activation of and binding to MEK3 by TAO1 implicates TAO1 in the regulation of the p38-containing stress-responsive MAP kinase pathway" SIGNOR-60818 LPAR5 protein Q9H1C0 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256861 CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 12324477 f gcesareni "Bcr ligation activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways including down-regulation of bcl-x(l)." SIGNOR-93481 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT FCGR2C protein P31995 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr287 PEETNNDyETADGGY -1 8756631 t miannu "Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of FcgRIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addition to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262674 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser72 SSAVRLRsSVPGVRL 9534 BTO:0000298 9565595 t lperfetto "We found that vimentin, the most widely expressed intermediate filament protein, served as an excellent substrate for Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase) and that vimentin phosphorylated by Rho-kinase lost its ability to form filaments in vitro. Two amino-terminal sites on vimentin, Ser38 and Ser71, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites for Rho-kinase, and Ser71 was the most favored and unique phosphorylation site for Rho-kinase in vitro. " SIGNOR-248998 "2-(Decan-2-ylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate" chemical CID:50729 PUBCHEM TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000664 18258442 t Luana "As shown in Table 1 all of the bisanthrapyrazoles inhibited the decatenation activity of human topoisomerase IIα in the low micromolar concentration range" SIGNOR-257768 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271571 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21078818 f gcesareni "We demonstrate here that prototype canonical wnt3a and noncanonical wnt5a ligands specifically trigger completely unrelated endogenous coreceptors-lrp5/6 and ror1/2, respectively-through a common mechanism that involves their wnt-dependent coupling to the frizzled (fzd) coreceptor and recruitment of shared components, including dishevelled (dvl), axin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3)" SIGNOR-169669 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser87 AAAGPALsPVPPVVH 9606 15225643 t "The phosphorylation of Bcl-2 resulted in a reduction in anti-apoptotic function, implying that dephosphorylation promoted the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2 protein in human tumor cell lines. Thus, the present findings suggest that ERK and PP2A are physiological regulators of Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and these enzymes exert an influence on the anti-apoptotic function of Bcl-2.phosphorylation of Bcl2 at Ser70 is proposed to be a dynamic process regulated by the sequential action of an agonist-activated Bcl2 kinase and PP2A." SIGNOR-248589 CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267133 FBXO33 protein Q7Z6M2 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 18354498 t miannu "Mediation of eIF3-f polyubiquitination by the SCFMAFbx. The association of MAFbx with the essential Skp1, Roc 1 and Cul1 proteins, specific components of an E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase (SCFMAFbx), was previously described. Here, we present evidence that during muscle atrophy MAFbx targets the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit 5 (eIF3-f) for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-271769 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser531 GSRSRTPsLPTPPTR 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249344 P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257442 LSM5 protein Q9Y4Y9 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270649 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr333 LMLIDFEySSYNYRG 9606 BTO:0000093 21822308 t miannu "We find that CHKA forms a complex with EGFR in a c-Src-dependent manner. Endogenous CHKA and EGFR co-immunoprecipitated from a variety of breast cancer cell lines and immortalized mammary epithelial cells. CHKA interacted with the EGFR kinase domain upon c-Src co-overexpression and was phosphorylated in a c-Src-dependent manner on Y197 and Y333." SIGNOR-266350 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000527 15808505 t gcesareni "Here, we identify a protein phosphatase, ph domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (phlpp), that specifically dephosphorylates the hydrophobic motif of akt (ser473 in akt1), triggering apoptosis and suppressing tumor growth.[...] These data are consistent with phlpp terminating akt signaling by directly dephosphorylating and inactivating akt." SIGNOR-252602 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT PPP1R15A protein O75807 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31226023 t miannu "ATF4 also induces another bZIP protein C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), which is responsible for triggering apoptosis in cells under prolonged ER stress. ATF4 and CHOP further induce growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible protein 34 (GADD34),a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) that dephosphorylates eIF2α. This negative feedback mechanism enables protein synthesis to resume after resolution of ER stress." SIGNOR-260172 KANSL1 protein Q7Z3B3 UNIPROT Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 26243146 f miannu "Here we uncover a novel function of the NSL complex members in mitosis. As the cell enters mitosis, KANSL1 and KANSL3 undergo a marked relocalisation from the chromatin to the mitotic spindle. By stabilizing microtubule minus ends in a RanGTP-dependent manner, they are essential for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation." SIGNOR-267172 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258076 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser726 IDPASPQsPESVDLV 9606 11604491 t llicata "Trophic factor withdrawal: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activates nhe1, which induces intracellular alkalinization. activated p38 mapk directly phosphorylated the c terminus of nhe1 within a 40-amino-acid region. Analysis by mass spectroscopy identified four phosphorylation sites on nhe1, thr 717, ser 722, ser 725, and ser 728." SIGNOR-111043 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR MPO-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C474 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000133 15972951 f lperfetto "In the early phase, LPS enhanced anti-MPO IgG-induced glomerular neutrophil accumulation. |using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the proinflammatory stimulus." SIGNOR-270586 SEPTIN7 protein Q16181 UNIPROT SEPT6/SEPT7 complex SIGNOR-C72 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16914550 t miannu "We have characterized the conformation of a complex of filamentous human septins, sept2, sept6, and sept7. / we now show that sept6 and sept7 interact through a parallel coiled-coil, and that sept2 interacts with sept6 through their c-terminal domains." SIGNOR-148898 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1864 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269385 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser282 VGKQAPLsPGLPAMG 9606 20230789 t lperfetto "Accumulating evidence indicates that protein phosphorylation regulates nox activity. In this report, we show that serine282 residue of nox activator 1 (noxa1) is phosphorylated by erk in response to egf resulting in desensitization of nox1 activity" SIGNOR-164231 (S)-N-Hydroxy-4-(3-methyl-2-phenylbutanamido)benzamide chemical CID:6918848 PUBCHEM HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002428 31908417 t miannu "The present study aimed to detect HDAC1 expression in and around ESCC tissues and comprehensively assess the anti-ESCC effects of AR-42, a phenylbutyrate-derived pan-HDAC inhibitor with low nanomolar IC50s against HDACs including HDAC1. AR-42 developed by Chen et al is an orally bioavailable hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate derivative with strong inhibitory activity against class I (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) and class IIb (HDAC 6 and 10) HDACs." SIGNOR-262247 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser62 LLPTPPLsPSRRSGL 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 10551811 t lperfetto "The jnk pathway is selectively involved in the c-myc-mediated apoptosis and that the apoptotic function of c-myc is directly regulated by jnk pathway through phosphorylation at ser-62 and ser-71." SIGNOR-236018 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr320 NPGGRPItPPRNSAK 9606 12202491 t gcesareni "Both of these pp1 isoforms contain an arg-pro-ile/val-thr-pro-pro-arg sequence near the c terminus, a known site of phosphorylation by cdc/cdk kinases, and phosphorylation attenuates phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-151799 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 15821101 t gcesareni "Ptp1b has been shown to regulate the activation of cytokine receptors through the dephosphorylation of specific members of the jak family, namely jak2 and tyk2" SIGNOR-135207 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser24 QAAPKAPsKKEKKKG 9534 BTO:0004055 10542228 t lperfetto "We have mapped the TPA-induced DOC-2/DAB2 protein phosphorylation site to Ser24, which appears to modulate the DOC-2/DAB2 inhibition of AP-1 transcription activity. Results indicate that phosphorylation of Ser24 is mediated by PKCbetaII, PKC_, and PKCdelta, but not CKII. This suggests that the PKC phosphorylation of Ser24 in DOC-2/DAB2 may be an underlying mechanisms for its tumor-suppressive function." SIGNOR-249028 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser907 QAHSLPLsPASTRQQ 10090 BTO:0000452 12871932 t "GSK-3 beta forms an in vivo complex with and specifically phosphorylates NF-kappa B1/p105 at Ser-903 and Ser-907 in vitro. GSK-3 beta has a dual effect on p105: it stabilizes p105 under resting conditions and primes p105 for degradation upon tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatment. Indeed, constitutive processing of p105 to p50 occurs at a higher rate in cells lacking GSK-3 beta with respect to wild-type cells and can be reduced upon reintroduction of GSK-3 beta by transfection. S903A and S907A point mutations impair p105 proteolysis in response to TNF-α." SIGNOR-251252 CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "Caspase 9 complex" complex SIGNOR-C229 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 29500231 t lperfetto "The caspase-9 CARD has been thought to be principally involved in recruitment to the apoptosome, but its roles outside this interaction have yet to be uncovered. In this work, we show that the CARD is involved in physical interactions with the catalytic core of caspase-9 in the absence of the apoptosome; this interaction requires a properly formed caspase-9 active site. " SIGNOR-256397 HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257430 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 12270934 f lperfetto "We further show that activation of mek1 significantly enhances the transactivation of the c/ebpalpha minimal promoter during the early phase of the differentiation process." SIGNOR-235325 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21912613 f miannu "In the present study, we report that regulation of CTCF by extracellular stress signals is dependent upon activations of an oxidative stress-regulated protein Bcl-3. We found that activated Bcl-3 was able to bind to the κB sites identified in the CTCF promoter region. Bcl-3 was activated by UV irradiation to interact with NF-κB p50 by forming a Bcl-3/p50 heterodimer complex. The Bcl-3/p50 complex suppressed CTCF promoter activity to down-regulate CTCF transcription." SIGNOR-254788 COPS7B protein Q9H9Q2 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270760 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001379 29892818 f "inferred from family member" scontino "Dio2 is a cAMP responsive gene. Thus, any signaling pathway or molecule that increases cAMP concentration will stimulate D2 activity." SIGNOR-270243 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT CCNE2 protein O96020 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 17298674 t miannu "Cdk2 (S384) and GSK3 (T380) prime cyclin E for destruction. The hyper-phosphorylated T380/S384 degron has high affinity for monomeric Fbw7α, which engages the remainder of the SCF to initiate cyclin E's ubiquitination by an E2 enzyme" SIGNOR-271642 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PLEC protein Q15149 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr4539 GGLIEPDtPGRVPLD 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C17 8626512 t lperfetto "Identification of plectin as a substrate of p34cdc2 kinase and mapping of a single phosphorylation site. threonine 4542 was identified as the major target for the kinase. Phosphorylation of plectin by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b (cdk1/cycb) kinase has been reported to abolish its cross-linking function during mitosis. Here, we induced phosphorylation of plectin in prepared fractions of hela cells by adding activated cdk1/cycb kinase. Consequently, there was significant dissociation of the centrosome from the nuclear membrane." SIGNOR-41319 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 8131746 t lperfetto "Activation of mek family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved ser/thr residueserine residues 218 and 222 of human mek1 are the primary sites for phosphorylation by c-raf." SIGNOR-244827 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr86 AASASPYtPEHAASV 9606 12676926 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate p73 at threonine 86 in a cell cycle-dependent manner and negatively regulate p73.Furthermore, cyclin a/cdk1/2, cyclin b/cdk1/2, and cyclin e/cdk2 complexes can phosphorylate multiple p73 isoforms in vitro at threonine 86." SIGNOR-216849 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNG3 protein P63215 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-148598 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 t lperfetto "Oct4 and Nanog upregulate Dnmt1 through direct binding to its promoter, thereby leading to the repressed expression of p16 and p21 and genes associated with development and lineage differentiation" SIGNOR-253157 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT SYNCRIP protein O60506 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr373 RVKKLKDyAFIHFDE 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Novel in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation sites were found in the fgfr-1, phospholipase cgamma, p90 ribosomal s6 kinase, cortactin, and ns-1-associated protein-1. Syncrip, was very recently found to be phosphorylated in response to insulin treatment of 3t3-l1 adipocytes (32). Phosphorylation of syncrip was accommodated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in vitro but was inhibited upon binding of rna. Tyrosine phosphorylation at tyr-373 in the third rna recognition motif domain of nsap1/syncrip can possibly influence its rna binding properties and thus link fgfr-1 signaling to mrna metabolism." SIGNOR-98704 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SCNN1G protein P51170 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr622 LGTQVPGtPPPKYNT -1 11805112 t lperfetto "Using a number of different approaches it was demonstrated that the protein kinase acting on betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 is the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). It is suggested that an ERK-mediated phosphorylation of betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 down-regulates the channel by facilitating its interaction with Nedd4." SIGNOR-249448 ATP5MC1 protein P05496 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261409 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 20974802 t gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6. External stimuli, which control the activity of mapks, such as phorbol esters and fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) control the choice of the lrp6-ppps/tp kinase and regulate the amplitude of lrp6 phosphorylation and wnt/beta-catenin-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-169007 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser600 PARQRIRsCVSAENF 9606 12409306 t esanto "Ser(600) in ark5 was found to be phosphorylated by active akt resulting in the activation of kinase activity." SIGNOR-95247 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 20332299 t lperfetto "Ligand binding to EGFR also leads to rapid internalization and proteosomal/lysosomal degradation of the receptors. This process results in a dramatic downregulation of both total and cell surface receptors. EGF-induced degradation of EGFR is thought to be initiated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 1045 of the receptor followed by binding of Cbl adaptor proteins and ubiquitination of the receptor. Internalized EGFR is transported to early endosomes where receptor-ligand complexes are sorted for either degradation or recycling to the cell surface." SIGNOR-65642 CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT BCL10 protein O95999 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11053425 t "To identify upstream signaling partners of BCL10, we performed a mammalian two-hybrid analysis and identified CARD9 as a novel CARD-containing protein that interacts selectively with the CARD activation domain of BCL10. When expressed in cells, CARD9 binds to BCL10 and activates NF-kappaB." SIGNOR-257602 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser289 DDLEDSKsLSDDTDV 9606 23028042 t lperfetto "Previous studies showed that casein kinase 1? (ck1?) Stably associates with mdmx, stimulates mdmx-p53 binding, and cooperates with mdmx to inactivate p53ck1? Binding to the mdmx central domain and phosphorylation of s289 disrupts the intramolecular interaction, allowing the n terminus to bind p53 with increased affinity. After dna damage, the mdmx-ck1? Complex is disrupted by chk2-mediated phosphorylation of mdmx at s367, leading to reduced mdmx-p53 binding." SIGNOR-199015 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 DTRKKDAsDDLDDLN 9606 BTO:0000567 16225457 t lperfetto "The n-terminal domain of the human eif2beta subunit and the ck2 phosphorylation sites are required for its function. These results suggest that ser2 and ser67 contribute to the important role of the n-terminal region of eif2beta for its function in mammals." SIGNOR-141051 ATP5ME protein P56385 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261407 KANSL3 protein Q9P2N6 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26243146 f miannu "Here we uncover a novel function of the NSL complex members in mitosis. As the cell enters mitosis, KANSL1 and KANSL3 undergo a marked relocalisation from the chromatin to the mitotic spindle. By stabilizing microtubule minus ends in a RanGTP-dependent manner, they are essential for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation." SIGNOR-267169 "leukotriene B4(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57461 ChEBI LTB4R protein Q15722 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257534 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10023660 t gcesareni "The human f box protein beta-trcp associates with the cul1/skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-64511 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243151 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DQB2 protein P05538 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253997 EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9632142 t lperfetto "We propose src kinase as a downstream effector that mediates the neuron's response to eph receptor activation" SIGNOR-58142 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TK1 protein P04183 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 LPTVLPGsPSKTRGQ 9606 12435275 t gcesareni "Given that the dimeric form of tk1 is less active than the tetrameric, we propose that mitotic phosphorylation of serine-13 is of physiological importance, in that it may counteract atp-dependent activation of tk1 by affecting its quaternary structure, thus attenuating its enzymatic function at the g2/m phase." SIGNOR-95578 KIFC1 protein Q9BW19 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33361741 f miannu "Kinesin Family Member C1 (KIFC1) Regulated by Centrosome Protein E (CENPE) Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Ovarian Cancer" SIGNOR-266117 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser205 AVGTRRGsPLLIGVR -1 10806197 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of human glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase at serine 205 blocks the enzyme activity." SIGNOR-249040 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg1046 HHAPLSPrTFHPLRS -1 10026263 t lperfetto "Thrombin is considered the physiological activator of factor V and is the most potent activator, catalyzing the cleavage of three peptide bonds at Arg709, Arg1018, and Arg1545" SIGNOR-263631 JAKMIP1 protein Q96N16 UNIPROT TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 15277531 t SARA "In Jamip1, the N-terminal region mediates the association with microtubules, when highly expressed, N-ter drastically affects the organization of microtubules that appear to be bundled, stabilized against the depolymerizing effect of nocodazole, and enriched in acetylated tubulin." SIGNOR-260987 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 SPSRLSKsQGGEEEG 9606 SIGNOR-C3 20516213 t fstefani "The protein is phosphorylated mainly on residues s60, s68, and s75, and this inhibits its pol iii repression function. The responsible kinase is mtorc1, which phosphorylates maf1 directly." SIGNOR-165799 "tacrolimus (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:61049 ChEBI Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-252308 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser768 LQARRRQsVLNLMTH 9606 19095655 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates CFTR¬†in vitro¬†at two essential serines (Ser737and Ser768) in the R domain, formerly identified as ""inhibitory"" PKA sites.|Interestingly two of these sites, namely Ser737 and Ser768, have been identified as “inhibitory” R domain sites, i.e. when mutated to alanines they augment the open probability of CFTR relative to wild type|Our present results suggest that it might be AMPK rather than PKA that is phosphorylating Ser737 and Ser768 under baseline conditions" SIGNOR-259867 ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 28624438 t miannu "One of the most important and best characterized ADAM10 substrates is the Notch receptor [16]. After ligand binding to the Notch receptor, ADAM10 liberates the ectodomain and the membrane remaining part is processed by the γ-secretase complex, which releases a Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD)." SIGNOR-259836 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser497 ATVKSRWsGSQQVEQ 9606 12551925 t gcesareni "For example, PKCα phosphorylates Raf-1 at serine 499 (13), but mutation of this residue did not impede activation of Raf-1 by the physiological stimulators Ras and Lck. Similarly, both v-Src and phorbol esters were able to activate Raf-1 even though the PKC phosphorylation sites at serine 497 and serine 499 were mutated to alanine (14). Thus, although some PKC phosphorylation sites on Raf-1 have been identified, these sites do not appear to be required for activation of Raf-1." SIGNOR-37844 DVL1P1 protein P54792 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Our findings suggest a molecular interaction between pka, hdpr1, and dvl and a possible contribution of this interaction to tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-199454 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr325 TELEPLCtPVVTCTP phosphorylation:Ser374;Ser362 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL;AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-263010 citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 6138356 t miannu "Citrate, an allosteric activator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, induces polymerization of an inactive protomeric form of the enzyme into an active filamentous form composed of 10-20 protomers. " SIGNOR-267104 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR G2E3 protein Q7L622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271282 GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23450633 t gcesareni "Ga12/13 recruitment of rho-gefs causes rhoa activation and f-actin assembly, which promotes lats1/lat2 inactivation by an unknown, but myosin-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-192111 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252184 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17452440 t lperfetto "Mammalian det1 regulates cul4a activity and forms stable complexes with e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes" SIGNOR-154511 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr758 NPLFKSAtTTVMNPK 9606 BTO:0000782 18550856 t gcesareni "In this study, we present evidence that pkc isoforms are the major protein kinases that phosphorylate the c terminus of the integrin cd18 chain in leukocytes. Ser-745 is identified as a novel phosphorylation site in the integrin cytoplasmic domain. Additionally, we show that a thr-758-phosphorylated integrin peptide can interact with 14-3-3 proteins in leukocyte lysates" SIGNOR-178897 ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10540320 f miannu "Our data suggest that intracellular cAMP may directly affect expression of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 in monocytic cells via activation of the eukaryotic transcription factors CREB-1 and ATF-1 and their binding to CRE1 and CRE4 in the upstream enhancer of the IL-10 promoter" SIGNOR-254521 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser683 QAQDRKLsTKEALDE 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272510 LPCAT1 protein Q8NF37 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272761 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 SALSYLQsPITTSPS 9606 10617468 t lperfetto "Mkp-1 was a target in vivo and in vitro for p42(mapk) or p44(mapk), which phosphorylates mkp-1 on two carboxyl-terminal serine residues, serine 359 and serine 364. This phosphorylation did not modify mkp-1's intrinsic ability to dephosphorylate p44(mapk) but led to stabilization of the protein." SIGNOR-73629 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT PELI3 protein Q8N2H9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12874243 t gcesareni "Pellino3 physically interacts with il-1r-associated kinase-1, tnf receptor-associated factor-6, tgf-beta-activated kinase-1, and nf-kappab-inducing kinase in an il-1-dependent manner in the present study, we demonstrate that irak1 and irak4 phosphorylate pellino isoforms in vitro and that phosphorylation greatly enhances pellino's e3 ubiquitin ligase activity." SIGNOR-103983 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr216 SSTSLAQyDSNSKKI -1 12573241 t "Itk phosphorylated Bmx-SH3 to a low extent. pY positions correspond to the residues Y215 and Y223 in Bmx. Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (TFKs) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop." SIGNOR-251331 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 10090 19088431 t "LMWPTP dephosphorylated pY(527)-Src and pY(416)-Src in vitro, with greater specificity for pY(527)Src. Activation of LMWPTP produced strong activation of Src mediated by fast dephosphorylation of pY(527)-Src, followed by slower deactivation of this kinase via dephosphorylation of pY(416)Src." SIGNOR-248454 MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT C2 protein P06681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg243 KTKESLGrKIQIQRS 9606 BTO:0000392 11907111 t lperfetto "The MASPs in the preparations had proteolytic activities against C4, C2, and C3 in the fluid phase" SIGNOR-263417 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr118 TNLGEKLtDEEVDEM -1 26675311 t miannu "Phosphorylation of CaM at four sites by CK2 was found to follow a sequential order, with Ser81 as the first, Thr79 as the second, and Ser101 or Thr117 as the third." SIGNOR-266355 SENP3 protein Q9H4L4 UNIPROT "Rix1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C373 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22190735 t miannu "LAS1L was first described as a nucleolar protein required for maturation of the 60S preribosomal subunit. In this paper, we demonstrate that LAS1L interacts with PELP1, TEX10, and WDR18, the mammalian homologues of the budding yeast Rix1 complex, along with NOL9 and SENP3, to form a novel nucleolar complex that cofractionates with the 60S preribosomal subunit. our data identify a novel mammalian complex required for 60S ribosomal subunit synthesis, providing further insight into the intricate, yet poorly described, process of ribosome biogenesis in higher eukaryotes." SIGNOR-265468 UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 11714696 t miannu "Using an in vitro reconstitution, specific E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating) enzymes (human UbcH4, UbcH5B, and UbcH5C) transferred ubiquitin molecules to hHYD, leading to the ubiquitination of TopBP1. TopBP1 was usually ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteosome, whereas X-irradiation diminished the ubiquitination of TopBP1 probably via the phosphorylation, resulting in the stable colocalization of up-regulated TopBP1 with gamma-H2AX nuclear foci in DNA breaks." SIGNOR-272667 NUP155 protein O75694 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262082 BGLF5 protein P03217 UNIPROT TLR2 protein O60603 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 26428381 t scontino "The RNA degradation induced by EBV BGLF5 can affect immunologically relevant proteins, including TLR2. Alkaline exonuclease involved in host shutoff, downregulates TLR2." SIGNOR-266741 S protein P59594 UNIPROT TLR2 protein O60603 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001025 19185596 t miannu "S protein is a ligand for human TLR2. S protein utilizes toll-like receptor 2(TLR 2) to increase IL-8 production.Our results show that SARS S protein in a soluble form increased IL-8 production through hTLR2 ligand interaction." SIGNOR-260972 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser71 SRRSGLCsPSYVAVT 9606 10551811 t gcesareni "The jnk pathway is selectively involved in the c-myc-mediated apoptosis and that the apoptotic function of c-myc is directly regulated by jnk pathway through phosphorylation at ser-62 and ser-71." SIGNOR-72108 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT Demyelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH155 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000227 24507514 f miannu "Beside its wellknown antiviral and proinflammatory action, overexpression of IFN-g in the CNS could participate in demyelination. Transgenic overexpression of IFN-g in the mouse by CNS oligodendrocytes led to chronic demyelination that may be severe" SIGNOR-263833 RINT1 protein Q6NUQ1 UNIPROT Telomere_maintenance phenotype SIGNOR-PH148 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0004784 16600870 f lperfetto "We propose that p130, forming a complex with Rad50 through RINT-1, blocks telomerase-independent telomere lengthening in normal cells. " SIGNOR-265031 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NOL3 protein O60936 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr149 SEAVQSGtPEEPEPE 9606 BTO:0000007 12191471 t miannu "Phosphorylation of ARC at T149 Is Required for Its Antiapoptotic Effect. Here we report that the function of ARC is regulated by protein kinase CK2. ARC at threonine 149 is phosphorylated by CK2. This phosphorylation targets ARC to mitochondria. ARC is able to bind to caspase-8 only when it is localized to mitochondria but not to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-262837 SET protein Q01105 UNIPROT NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12628186 t miannu "Tumor suppressor nm23-h1 is a granzyme a-activated dnase during ctl-mediated apoptosis, and the nucleosome assembly protein set is its inhibitor. / nm23-h1 binds to set and is released from inhibition by gzma cleavage of set." SIGNOR-99205 WNT7B protein P56706 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 15923619 t gcesareni "Wnt7b can bind to fzd1 and -10 on the cell surface and cooperatively activate canonical wnt signaling." SIGNOR-137931 POLD2 protein P49005 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase delta" complex SIGNOR-C376 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 12403614 t lperfetto "Reconstitution and characterization of the human DNA polymerase delta four-subunit holoenzyme." SIGNOR-265516 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 SIGNOR-C15 11971957 t gcesareni "Mutation of serine 259 increased the basal raf-1 activity and rendered it largely resistant to inhibition by pka." SIGNOR-86133 "LE-TGN SNARE" complex SIGNOR-C157 SIGNOR IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 18195106 t lperfetto "These findings place the retromer complex upstream of both STX10 function and the GCC185 tethering complex in MPR transport. Together, our data suggest that STX10, STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3 are important for the trafficking of both CD- and CI-MPRs.|Thus, MPRs must pass through a compartment of pH ≤ 5.5 before returning to the Golgi to carry out their biological function." SIGNOR-253083 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 22388891 t miannu "Fbxw7α is a member of the F-box family of proteins, which function as the substrate-targeting subunits of SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complexes. Using differential purifications and mass spectrometry, we identified p100, an inhibitor of NF-κB signalling, as an interactor of Fbxw7α. p100 is constitutively targeted in the nucleus for proteasomal degradation by Fbxw7α" SIGNOR-272907 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 22388891 t miannu "Fbxw7α is a member of the F-box family of proteins, which function as the substrate-targeting subunits of SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complexes. Using differential purifications and mass spectrometry, we identified p100, an inhibitor of NF-κB signalling, as an interactor of Fbxw7α. p100 is constitutively targeted in the nucleus for proteasomal degradation by Fbxw7α" SIGNOR-272908 "leukotriene D4(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:63166 ChEBI CYSLTR2 protein Q9NS75 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257476 ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33961946 t miannu "Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5√¢‚Ǩ¬≤-adenosine monophosphate. The enzyme exists in two isoforms: a long isoform (ADK-long, ADK-L) and a short isoform (ADK-short, ADK-S)." SIGNOR-267837 FBP2 protein O00757 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30616754 t lperfetto "FBPase converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) and inorganic phosphate in the second rate-limiting reaction of gluconeogenesis.|FBP1 is ubiquitously present in tissues and is the key gluconeogenic enzyme in the liver and kidney, while FBP2 is restricted to the muscle" SIGNOR-267612 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 16146838 f lperfetto "Oncogenic mutations of Flt3 also result in the activation of aberrant signaling pathways, including strong activation of STAT5, induction of STAT target genes, and repression of myeloid transcription factors c/EBP-3 and Pu.1." SIGNOR-250563 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ARPC5 protein O15511 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser77 AVKDRAGsIVLKVLI -1 12829704 t miannu "MAPKAPK2 also phosphorylated p16-Arc in intact Arp2/3 complexes precipitated from neutrophil lysates. Mutation of serine-77 to alanine on the A isoform prevented phosphorylation by MAPKAPK2." SIGNOR-250144 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser750 QTEEEEHsCLEQAS 9606 18957422 t lperfetto "Plk1 phosphorylates serines 733, 740, and 750 in the gammabd of ikkbeta in vitro. Phosphorylating gammabd with plk1 decreased its affinity for ikkgamma" SIGNOR-181806 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252524 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PCSK1 protein P29120 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8999965 f miannu "both CREB-1 and ATF-1 transactivate the human PC1 promoter in transient transfection experiments." SIGNOR-253789 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 TDNLLPMsPEEFDEV BTO:0000944 11972023 t llicata "For maximal gene activation, S727 in the transcription activation domain of Stat1 also is inducibly phosphorylated by IFN-gamma. We previously purified a group of nuclear proteins that interact specifically with the Stat1 transcription activation domain. In this report, we identified one of them as the multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) II. We demonstrate that IFN-gamma mobilizes a Ca(2+) flux in cells and activates CaMKII. CaMKII can interact directly with Stat1 and phosphorylate Stat1 on S727 in vitro. Inhibition of Ca(2+) flux or CaMKII results in a lack of S727 phosphorylation and Stat1-dependent gene activation, suggesting in vivo phosphorylation of Stat1 S727 by CaMKII. " SIGNOR-250706 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR MLH1/PMS2 complex SIGNOR-C59 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 10542278 f miannu "HMLH1 and hPMS2 function in postreplicative mismatch repair in the form of a heterodimer referred to as hMutLα. Tumors or cell lines lacking this factor display mutator phenotypes and microsatellite instability, and mutations in the hMLH1 andhPMS2 genes predispose to hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer. Recombinant hMutLα and hMutLβ, expressed in the baculovirus system, were tested for their activity in an in vitro mismatch repair assay." SIGNOR-259062 HUWE1 protein Q7Z6Z7 UNIPROT POLL protein Q9UGP5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys27 ASSKVLAkIPRREEG 9606 BTO:0000567 22203964 t miannu "We found that Pol λ can be ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase Mule in vitro and in vivo and that this interaction is functionally connected to the phosphorylation-dependent stabilization of Pol λ by Cdk2/cyclinA. " SIGNOR-272904 S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256992 JAG2 protein Q9Y219 UNIPROT JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 9315665 f gcesareni "Immunohistochemistry revealed coexpression of jagged2 and notch1 within thymus and other fetal murine tissues, consistent with interaction of the two proteins in vivo. Coculture of fibroblasts expressing human jagged2 with murine c2c12 myoblasts inhibited myogenic differentiation, accompanied by increased notch1 and the appearance of a novel 115-kda notch1 fragment. Exposure of c2c12 cells to jagged2 led to increased amounts of notch mrna as well as mrnas for a second notch receptor, notch3, and a second notch ligand, jagged1. Constitutively active forms of notchl in c2c12 cells also induced increased levels of the same set of mrnas, suggesting positive feedback control of these genes initiated by binding of jagged2 to notch1." SIGNOR-236888 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GTF2A1L protein Q9UNN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser357 DGSGDTSsNEEIGST -1 12107178 t llicata "ALF was able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA, but it could not stabilize TBP mutants A184E, N189E, E191R, and R205E nor could it facilitate binding of the TBP-like factor TRF2/TLF to a consensus TATA element. However, phosphorylation of ALF with casein kinase II resulted in the partial restoration of complex formation using mutant TBPs. | Because the residues involved (Ser-280, Ser-281, Ser-316, and Ser-321) are conserved in ALF (Ser-356, Ser-357, Ser-418, and Ser-423), we tested whether its activity might also be affected by this modification. We first showed that ALF and TFIIAα/β polypeptides incubated with casein kinase II and [γ-32P]ATP could be labeled." SIGNOR-250871 CSNK1G1 protein Q9HCP0 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser322 PRTSSNAsTISGRLS -1 11980723 t llicata "Phosphorylation of Ser319 forms a consensus sequence for phosphorylation by CK1, allowing it to phosphorylate Ser322, which in turn primes the CK1-catalysed phosphorylation of Ser325 | Multisite phosphorylation of the region containing Ser319, Ser322, Ser325 and Ser329 provides a signal for the nuclear exclusion of FKHR" SIGNOR-252901 MYO1E protein Q12965 UNIPROT "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0000142 17257598 f miannu "We describe binding of two PRD-containing endocytic proteins, dynamin and synaptojanin-1, to the SH3 domain of Myo1E. This interaction was detected both in vitro, using pull-downs of purified proteins, and in vivo, using immunoprecipitation of protein complexes from synapse-enriched brain extract and immunolocalization of Myo1E and dynamin. Our observation of the interaction between human Myo1E and endocytic proteins suggests that this longtailed myosin may play a role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis.Interaction between Myo1E SH3 domain and PRD-containing endocytic proteins may promote recruitment of Myo1E to clathrin-coated structures since an inactivating mutation in the SH3 domain reduced Myo1E localization to clathrin-containing puncta." SIGNOR-265425 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 15780598 t lperfetto "Upon ligand binding, IL-2R , IL-6R or LeptinR , IFN-_R , IFN-_R and PRLR or growth hormone (GH) receptor associated JAKs become activated. These JAKs mediate phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues and recruit STATs. Activated STATs are released from the receptor and translocate to the nucleus. PTP1B dephosphorylates JAK2, TYK2 and STAT5 . The 45-kDa form of TC-PTP was shown to dephosphorylate JAK1 and JAK3 as well as STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5." SIGNOR-133279 CHL1 protein O00533 UNIPROT ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266722 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-81161 PCDH11X protein Q9BZA7 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 25687328 f miannu "Our previous research found that protocadherin 11 X-linked protein (Pcdh11x) is predominantly expressed in neurons and has an influence on dendritic branching. In this study, gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments revealed that Pcdh11x acts as a negative regulator of dendritic branching in cultured cortical neurons derived from embryonic day 16 mice. Overexpression of wild-type Pcdh11x (Pcdh11x-GFP) reduced dendritic complexity, whereas knockdown of Pcdh11x increased dendritic branching." SIGNOR-265163 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI GUCY1A2-B2 complex SIGNOR-C137 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15036565 t gcesareni "One of the most biologically relevant actions of NO is its binding to the heme moiety in the heterodimeric enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Activation of sGC by NO results in the production of the second messenger molecule, 3€²,5€²-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)" SIGNOR-243961 CCL25 protein O15444 UNIPROT CCR9 protein P51686 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11159507 t gcesareni "Ccr9 is a specific receptor for the beta-chemokine teck/ccl25." SIGNOR-104902 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser394 TRQTPVDsPDDSTLS 9823 BTO:0004712 23486913 t lperfetto "Collectively, these results indicate that Arg, Leu, and Gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of pTr cells through activation of the MTOR-RPS6K-RPS6-EIF4EBP1 signal transduction pathway" SIGNOR-201530 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269635 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 10090 BTO:0000887 24463822 t "Through the use of various pharmacological inhibitors to block HDAC activity, we demonstrate that class I HDACs are key regulators of FoxO and the muscle-atrophy program during both nutrient deprivation and skeletal muscle disuse." SIGNOR-256485 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT PSIP1 protein O75475 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser206 MVKQPCPsESDIITE 9606 BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 7231784 t llicata "We now report identification of the cdc7-activator of s-phase kinase (ask) heterodimer as a novel interactor of ledgf. the kinase phosphorylated ledgf in vitro, with ser-206 being the major target, and ledgf phosphorylated at this residue could be detected during s phase of the cell cycle. Ledgf potently stimulated the enzymatic activity of cdc7-ask, increasing phosphorylation of mcm2 in vitro by more than 10-fold." SIGNOR-25763 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RBCK1 protein Q9BYM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271056 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 25600368 t miannu "The endocytosis of GABAARs is regulated by the interaction of the AP2 complex with β and γ2 subunits. Phosphorylation of β3 (S408/S409) and γ2 (Y365/Y367) by PKA/PKC and Src/Fyn, respectively, prevents binding to AP2 and thus stabilizes these receptors at the cell surface." SIGNOR-264990 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270428 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR KLC1 protein Q07866 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21385839 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of kinesin light chain 1 at serine 460 modulates binding and trafficking of calsyntenin-1mutation of klc1ser460 to an alanine residue, to preclude phosphorylation, increased the binding of calsyntenin-1, whereas mutation to an aspartate residueklc1ser460 is a predicted mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) target site, and we show that extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylates this residue in vitro." SIGNOR-270176 doxorubicin chemical CHEBI:28748 ChEBI ABCC1 protein P33527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002206 9647783 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Unconjugated Dox and Dau failed to inhibit the transport of LTC4, whereas 30 microM GS-Dox or GS-Dau conjugates completely inhibited the transport." SIGNOR-261085 MRPL51 protein Q4U2R6 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262337 MRPL54 protein Q6P161 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262336 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Val-tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29164 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269519 MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18566016 f miannu "In primary neuroblastomas, high CTSD messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were associated with amplified MYCN, a strong predictive marker of adverse outcome. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase promoter assays revealed that MYCN protein binds to the CTSD promoter and activates its transcription, suggesting a direct link between deregulated MYCN and CTSD mRNA expression." SIGNOR-254618 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 32995789 f miannu "Given our finding that COX-2 signaling does not regulate viral entry or replication, the role of COX-2 induction upon SARS-CoV-2 infection remains an area for future investigation. Rather than directly affecting viral entry or replication, COX-2 induction may regulate the severe lung inflammation and injury seen in COVID-19 patients (35, 36), though it is unclear whether COX-2 would be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental to disease. COX-2 could enhance lung injury in COVID-19, as PGE2 has been reported to induce IL-1β and exacerbate lung injury in bone marrow transplant mice" SIGNOR-262509 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr207 TPPTLSStVLIVRNE 9606 BTO:0001938 12815053 t lperfetto "M phase-specific phosphorylation of brca2 by polo-like kinase 1 correlates with the dissociation of the brca2-p/caf complex.Plk1 interacts with brca2 in vivo, and mutation of ser193, ser205/206, and thr203/207 to ala in br-n1 abolished plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that brca2 is the substrate of plk1" SIGNOR-102502 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 23582327 f "Activation of IL-4/IL-13 signaling promotes proliferation of FAPs to support myogenesis while inhibiting their differentiation into adipocytes" SIGNOR-256482 KAT6A/KAT6B complex SIGNOR-C54 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000876 11742995 t lperfetto "The activation domain of aml1 is required for its interaction with moz / moz activates aml1_mediated transcription" SIGNOR-217201 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H2AW protein Q7L7L0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2 sGRGKQGG -1 15010469 t miannu "We found that MSK1 phosphorylated histone H2A on serine 1, and mutation of serine 1 to alanine blocked the inhibition of transcription by MSK1. Furthermore, we found that acetylation of histone H3 by the p300 and CREB-binding protein associated factor, PCAF, suppressed the kinase-dependent inhibition of transcription. These results suggest that acetylation of histones may stimulate transcription by suppressing an inhibitory phosphorylation by a kinase as MSK1." SIGNOR-262942 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1525 PIKYLEEsDEDDLF 9606 18171681 t llicata "Plk1 phosphorylates ser(1337) and ser(1524) of topoiialpha plk1-associated phosphorylation is essential for the functions of topoiialpha in mitosis" SIGNOR-160237 TRIM28 protein Q13263 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16107876 t 2 miannu "we present evidence that MDM2 interacts with the nuclear corepressor KAP1. MDM2 interaction with nuclear corepressor KAP1 contributes to p53 inactivation." SIGNOR-240405 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED -1 10195903 t lperfetto "Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis.| Bcl-xL did not coimmunoprecipitate with BAD(S75E, S99E) protein (Fig. 2A), regardless of whether it was coexpressed with DCnA/B¬†" SIGNOR-263739 KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31691806 f miannu "The KDM5C decrease was associated with a lack of repression of downstream target genes Scn2a, Syn1 and Bdnf in the embryonic brain of Arx-null mice." SIGNOR-264313 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser344 QDDDAPLsPMLYSSS 9606 19282669 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-252962 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser321 NSNASTVsGRLSPIM 9606 20110348 t lperfetto "Casein kinase (ck) 1 mediates the hierarchical phosphorylation of foxo3a at s318 and s321, which like foxo1 (rena et al., 2002 blue right-pointing triangle, 2004 blue right-pointing triangle), is probably to enhance its rate of nuclear export" SIGNOR-163676 CDH11 protein P55287 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 BTO:0000150 10029089 t miannu "Cadherin-11 is localized to a detergent-soluble pool and is associated with both alpha- and beta-catenin" SIGNOR-64862 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257410 FURIN protein P09958 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000666 25527501 t Giorgia "Here we demonstrate that the two IR isoforms are similarly cleaved by furin, but when this furin-dependent maturation is inefficient, IR proforms move to the cell surface where the proprotein convertase PACE4 selectively supports IRB maturation." SIGNOR-260365 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 9416004 t gcesareni "Pi3-kinase has also been shown to bind fak in a cell cell adhesion-dipendent manner at the major autophosphorylation site y397. This association could live to activation of pi3-kinase and its downstream effectors." SIGNOR-252726 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24298020 t miannu "Here, we propose that vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2) is a critical enzyme that negatively regulates TRiC. In mammalian cells, overexpression of wild-type VRK2 decreased endogenous TRiC protein levels by promoting TRiC ubiquitination, but a VRK2 kinase-dead mutant did not.The VRK2-mediated reduction of TRiC protein levels was subsequent to the recruitment of COP1 E3 ligase. Among the members of the COP1 E3 ligase complex, VRK2 interacted with RBX1 and increased E3 ligase activity on TRiC in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that VRK2 is crucial to regulate the ubiquitination-proteosomal degradation of TRiC, which controls folding of polyglutamine proteins involved in Huntington's disease.COP1 functions as an E3 ligase by forming a supercomplex that also includes heterodimeric substrate receptor DET1, adaptor DDB1, scaffold Cul4A, and RBX1 to recruit the E2 enzyme" SIGNOR-272874 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA -1 15241418 t llicata "Thus, we have shown that Smad3 is phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2. Mutation of its CDK phosphorylation sites increases its transcriptional activity and antiproliferative function. We propose that under physiological conditions, phosphorylation of Smad3 by CDK inhibits its transcriptional activity, contributing to a decreased level of p15 and an increased level of c-Myc, thus facilitating cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase." SIGNOR-250750 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser840 VRSAFTTsTVVRMHV -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249283 SLC24A3 protein Q9HC58 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264401 TFEC protein O14948 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 11467950 f miannu "we have focused on element F of the NMHC-A gene. We have identified and characterized the factors which are capable of binding to element F. The basic helix_loop_helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) proteins, TFEC-l and -s, which are alternatively spliced isoforms, TFE3, USF1, and USF2 have all been found to bind to element F with different binding activities and with different transcriptional activation potencies." SIGNOR-222551 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206277 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001379 29892818 f scontino "Dio2 is a cAMP responsive gene. Thus, any signaling pathway or molecule that increases cAMP concentration will stimulate D2 activity." SIGNOR-267281 HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002196 15886193 t Luana "Results from these experiments demonstrated that in 10T1/2 cells Hoxa10-1 increased the activity of the telokin promoter 3-fold without affecting the activity of the other promoters analyzed (Fig. 2A). Similar results were also observed in A10 SMC (data not shown). In contrast, Hoxb8 significantly repressed the activity of the telokin, smooth muscle α-actin, and SM22α promoters by 70, 50, and 70%, respectively" SIGNOR-261643 FGF1 protein P05230 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Reports also show that fgf/fgfr3 signals mediate some of the effects of tgf-beta on embryonic bone formation" SIGNOR-195585 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21478859 t lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263336 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Planar cell polarity (pcp) signalling triggers activation of the small gtpases rhoa and rac1, which in turn activate rho kinase (rock) and jun-n-terminal kinase (jnk), respectively, leading to actin polymerization and microtubule stabilization." SIGNOR-199542 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp330 LRTFDQLdAISSLPT 9606 BTO:0001412 15657060 t lperfetto "In turn, casp3 directs feedback cleavage of casp9 at asp-330 to generate p37 and p10 subunits." SIGNOR-256440 COL4A4 protein P53420 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35267698 t lperfetto "Integrins constitute a major group of receptors for extracellular matrix components, including collagens.|Among the four types, the signaling mechanism of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins has especially been reported. These integrins bind to both collagen types I and IV; however, their affinities differ: α1β1 has a higher affinity for collagen type IV, while α2β1 preferentially binds to collagen type I [13,23]." SIGNOR-272350 KU-55933 chemical CID:5278396 PUBCHEM ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000793 28341201 t miannu "KU-55933 blocked phosphorylation of ATM in H2O2 and Dox models of cell damage. the neuroprotective efficacy of KU-55933, a potent inhibitor of ATM, against cell damage evoked by oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) has been studied in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and compared with the efficacy of this agent in models of doxorubicin (Dox)- and staurosporine (St)-evoked cell death." SIGNOR-262536 AKAP11 protein Q9UKA4 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 phosphorylation:Thr1136 AKEFAPAtPPSTPHN 26088133 t lperfetto "A-kinase anchoring protein 220 (AKAP220) is a multivalent anchoring protein that can sequester a variety of signal transduction enzymes. These include protein kinase A (PKA) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). Using a combination of molecular and cellular approaches we show that GSK3beta phosphorylation of Thr-1132 on AKAP220 initiates recruitment of this kinase into the enzyme scaffold. We also find that AKAP220 anchors GSK3beta and its substrate beta-catenin in membrane ruffles." SIGNOR-264817 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 DTATKSGsTTKNRFV 10090 8662663 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of eIF-4E on serine 209 by protein kinase C is inhibited by the translational repressors, 4E-binding proteins.[..] This suggests a two-step model for the phosphorylation (and activation) of eIF4E by growth factors and hormones: first, dissociation of eIF4E ." SIGNOR-248946 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0004408 15353555 f miannu "Here we report that a persistent activation of STAT5A in human CD34+ cells results in enhanced self-renewal. STAT5A drives the expression of a number of proto-oncogenes and cytokines in human CD34+ cells, as well as a number of erythroid-specific genes, favoring erythroid over myeloid differentiation and providing a long-term proliferative advantage for erythroid progenitors." SIGNOR-255682 CHMP3 protein Q9Y3E7 UNIPROT Viral_budding phenotype SIGNOR-PH125 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 30989108 f miannu "ESCRT-III has been proposed to assemble inside the membrane neck formed at a late stage of a budding vesicle or an enveloped virus. The membrane neck needs to be constricted to proceed to membrane fission, thereby splitting the vesicle or virus from the cellular membrane. CHMP2A and CHMP3 are engaged late in ESCRT-III assembly, recruit VPS4 (31, 42), and block Snf7 (CHMP4) polymerization" SIGNOR-260845 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser684 IGIPQFHsPVGSPLK 9606 SIGNOR-C17 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3. All four sites are followed by a proline residue. We have shown that purified cyclin b-cdk1 (cyclindependent kinase 1) phosphorylates these sitesalanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase." SIGNOR-164487 MRAP protein Q8TCY5 UNIPROT MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce the surface expression of MC4R and also the signaling of this receptor. we observed a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of MC4R and MC5R in the presence of MRAP and MRAP2. It is interesting that MRAP and MRAP2 have opposite effects in the modulation of different MCR family members." SIGNOR-252368 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 PARPRSPsQTRKGPP 9606 BTO:0000142 16733250 t lperfetto "Here we report that amphiphysin i (amph i) is also a mnb/dyrk1a substrate. This kinase phosphorylated native amph i in rodent brains and recombinant human amph i expressed in escherichia coli. Serine 293 (ser-293) was identified as the major site, whereas serine 295 and threonine 310 were found as minor kinase sitesamph i phosphorylated by mnb/dyrk1a decreased endophilin binding in vitro. From these results we conclude that amph i at ser-293 is phosphorylated by mnb/dyrk1a and that the phosphorylation has physiological significance in controlling the interaction of amphiphysin with endocytic accessory proteins." SIGNOR-146906 RABEPK protein Q7Z6M1 UNIPROT M6PR protein P20645 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9230071 t lperfetto "P40 is a very potent transport factor in that the pure, recombinant protein can stimulate, significantly, an in vitro transport assay that measures transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. The functional importance of p40 is confirmed by the finding that anti-p40 antibodies inhibit in vitro transport. Finally, p40 shows synergy with Rab9 in terms of its ability to stimulate mannose 6-phosphate receptor transport. These data are consistent with a model in which p40 and Rab9 act together to drive the process of transport vesicle docking." SIGNOR-253091 TSHZ3 protein Q63HK5 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 19343227 t miannu "We carried out yeast two-hybrid studies with a PTB domain of FE65, focusing on those genes that might be involved in nuclear signaling, and identified and validated Teashirt proteins as FE65 interacting proteins in neurons. Using reporter systems, we observed that FE65 could simultaneously recruit SET, a component of the inhibitor of acetyl transferase, and Teashirt, which in turn recruited histone deacetylases, to produce a powerful gene-silencing complex.Endogenous HDAC1 was co-immunoprecipitated with FE65 when both FE65 and Teashirt3 were co-transfected (lane 4), but not when Teashirt3 or FE65 was omitted (lane 5 and 6), confirming that the association of HDAC1 with FE65 is dependent on, and mediated, by Teashirt3." SIGNOR-264814 STAG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF52 SIGNOR "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 28430577 t lperfetto "Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved complex composed of four core proteins (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and either STAG2 or STAG1) that form a ring-shaped structure able to encircle chromatin" SIGNOR-263314 RALGAPA2 protein Q2PPJ7 UNIPROT RalGAP2 complex SIGNOR-C469 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 21148297 t miannu "Here we report the identification and characterization of a Ral GAP complex (RGC) that mediates the activation of RalA downstream of the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The complex is composed of an RGC1 regulatory subunit and an RGC2 catalytic subunit (previously identified as AS250) that directly stimulates the guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis of RalA." SIGNOR-269793 mir-143 mirna URS0000008A99_9606 RNAcentral IGFBP5 protein P24593 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 29506532 t gianni "The results indicated that CADM2 is a direct target of miR-10b in HCC cells and miR-10b/CADM2 modulates EMT process and migration ability via focal adhesion kinase (FAK) /AKT signaling pathway in HCC" SIGNOR-268853 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21892142 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Collectively, these findings suggest ampk suppresses glucose production through two transcriptional effects:reduced expression of creb targets via crtc inactivation and reduced expression of foxo target genes via class iia hdac inactivation" SIGNOR-270257 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9545235 t lperfetto "IAPs block apoptotic events induced by caspase-8 and cytochrome c by direct inhibition of distinct caspasesThese findings demonstrate that IAPs can suppress different apoptotic pathways by inhibiting distinct caspases and identify pro-caspase-9 as a new target for IAP-mediated inhibition of apoptosis" SIGNOR-56484 MTNR1A protein P48039 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256849 H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.3 variant" complex SIGNOR-C339 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15776021 t miannu "Variant histone H3.3 is incorporated into nucleosomes by a mechanism that does not require DNA replication and has also been implicated as a potential mediator of epigenetic memory of active transcriptional states. In this study, we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis to show that H3.3 is found mainly at the promoters of transcriptionally active genes." SIGNOR-263876 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NPHS1 protein O60500 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1120 EYEESQWtGERDTQS 9606 BTO:0000007 21321125 t llicata "Binding of _-arrestin2 to the nephrin intracellular domain depended on phosphorylation of nephrin threonine residues 1120 and 1125 by pkc_." SIGNOR-178695 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr972 EYLGTKRyIHRDLAT 9606 BTO:0000007 20304997 t lperfetto "Tyrosines 868, 966, and 972 in the kinase domain of jak2 are autophosphorylated and required for maximal jak2 kinase activity" SIGNOR-236294 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT ST13 protein P50502 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 AQNPANMsKYQSNPK 9606 BTO:0000007 21728385 t miannu "An in vitro screen for novel GRK substrates revealed Hsp70 interacting protein (Hip) as a substrate. GRK5, but not GRK2, bound to and stoichiometrically phosphorylated Hip in vitro. The primary binding domain of GRK5 was mapped to residues 303-319 on Hip, while the major site of phosphorylation was identified to be Ser-346. GRK5 also bound to and phosphorylated Hip on Ser-346 in cells.we found that the phosphorylation of Ser-346 was required for proper agonist-induced internalization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4." SIGNOR-262877 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser289 PALSRRGsLGEEGSE 10090 17213202 t lperfetto "The results indicated that rsk2 phosphorylated two additional sites at ser289 (peptide 2) and ser344 (peptide 3)rsk2 induced nuclear localization of nfat3. Rsk2 phosphorylated nfat3 in vitro (km=3.559 microm), and activation of nfat3 by rsk2 enhanced the promoter activity of nfat3 downstream target genes in vivo." SIGNOR-234473 PPP2R1B protein P30154 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19114990 t lperfetto "Since B_ suppresses the association of the catalytic C and regulatory A subunits of protein phosphatase 2A [94], the B_ interaction with the receptor is expected to result in enhanced protein phosphatase 2A activity" SIGNOR-217872 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10094049 t lperfetto "The kinase TAK1 can activate the NIK-I kappaB as well as the MAP kinase cascade in the IL-1 signalling pathway|Activated TAK1 phosphorylates NIK, which stimulates IKK-alpha activity. Our results indicate that TAK1 links TRAF6 to the NIK-IKK cascade in the IL-1 signalling pathway." SIGNOR-262833 AVPR1A protein P37288 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257077 KLHL15 protein Q96M94 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23135275 t miannu "Here, we report that KLHL15-Cul3 specifically targets B'β to promote turnover of the PP2A subunit by ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. We mapped KLHL15 residues critical for homodimerization as well as interaction with Cul3 and B'β." SIGNOR-272018 EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257166 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 17298674 t miannu "Cdk2 (S384) and GSK3 (T380) prime cyclin E for destruction. The hyper-phosphorylated T380/S384 degron has high affinity for monomeric Fbw7α, which engages the remainder of the SCF to initiate cyclin E's ubiquitination by an E2 enzyme" SIGNOR-271641 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KIF4A protein O95239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1161 FFNPVCAtPNSKILK 9606 29771379 t miannu "Identification of Cdk phosphorylation of Kif4A at T1161 in early mitosis. We show that Cdk phosphorylation of Kif4A licenses its chromosome localization." SIGNOR-265994 UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21726808 t lperfetto "Acetylation Regulates Gluconeogenesis by Promoting PEPCK1 Degradation via Recruiting the UBR5 Ubiquitin Ligase |UBR5 ubiquitinates the acetylated PEPCK1" SIGNOR-267600 SL-327 chemical CHEBI:92211 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11160424 t gcesareni "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity" SIGNOR-104930 DUSP7 protein Q16829 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0001253 9788880 t gcesareni "Pyst2 preferentially dephosphorylates and inactivates p42 map kinase in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-60871 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser93 ALQRQPPsPKQLEEE -1 16226275 t lperfetto "First, Erk phosphorylates HePTP at residues Thr45 and Ser72. Second, HePTP dephosphorylates Erk at PTyr185.|" SIGNOR-249436 PIGS protein Q96S52 UNIPROT GPAA1 protein O43292 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 11483512 t miannu "To determine roles for PIG-S and PIG-T, we disrupted these genes in mouse F9 cells by homologous recombination. PIG-S and PIG-T knockout cells were defective in transfer of GPI to proteins, particularly in formation of the carbonyl intermediates. We also demonstrate that PIG-S and PIG-T form a protein complex with GAA1 and GPI8, and that PIG-T maintains the complex by stabilizing the expression of GAA1 and GPI8." SIGNOR-261361 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT STAT4 protein Q14765 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser721 PSDLLPMsPSVYAVL 9606 17502367 t gcesareni "All stats are phosphorylated on at least one serine residue in their tad specifically, ser727 in stats 1 and 3 and ser721 in stat4. Stat serine kinases have been identified through the use of inhibitors, dominant-negative alleles, and in vitro kinase assays. They include mapk (p38mapk: stats 1, 3, 4;erk: stat3, 5;jnk: stat3), pkc_ (stat1, stat3), mtor (stat3), nlk (stat3 (42)), and camkii and ikk_ (stat1 (39, 40, 43)).STAT Serine phosphorylation regulates transcriptional activity (see below)." SIGNOR-154787 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC10 protein Q969S8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262257 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT SLC4A3 protein P48751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser67 EKPSRSYsERDFEFH 9606 BTO:0000007 11739292 t lperfetto "We conclude that following Ang II stimulation of cells, PKCepsilon phosphorylates serine 67 of the AE3 cytoplasmic domain, inducing the Ang II-induced increase in anion transport observed in the hypertrophic myocardium." SIGNOR-249127 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr430 PPLPPRAtPSRPGEA 9606 11110801 t llicata "In vitro phosphorylation of pr with cdk2 has revealed five additional in vitro cdk2 phosphorylation sites: ser(25), ser(213), thr(430), ser(554), and ser(676)." SIGNOR-85000 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT SRPX protein P78539 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255497 FER protein P16591 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr225 PTSSKDNyLGGTSTI 9606 BTO:0001130 23906537 t lperfetto "Fer is required for il-6 mediated ar activation by phosphorylating ar tyrosine 223 and binding via its sh2 domain." SIGNOR-194749 DACH1 protein Q9UI36 UNIPROT Six1/Dach complex SIGNOR-C122 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 14628042 t llicata "The phosphatase function of Eya switches the function of Six1-Dach from repression to activation," SIGNOR-238026 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser396 TFDSLPSsPSSATPH -1 12171600 t miannu "We have also shown that JNK11, JNK22 and SAPK3 p38 phosphorylate eEF2 kinase very poorly at Ser-396" SIGNOR-250137 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-270293 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr59 GETRFTDtRKDEQER 9606 phosphorylation:Thr59 GETRFTDtRKDEQER 8386634 t gcesareni "Protein phosphatases-2a and -2c (pp-2a and pp-2c) can each efficiently dephosphorylate phosphorylated eef-2" SIGNOR-38566 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR HIRA protein P54198 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr555 LSPSVLTtPSKIEPM 9606 11238922 t lperfetto "Hira bound to and was phosphorylated by cyclin a- and e-cdk2 in vitrohira became phosphorylated on threonine 555 in s phase when cyclin-cdk2 kinases are active.ectopic expression of hira in cells caused arrest in s phase and this is consistent with the notion that it is a cyclin-cdk2 substrate that has a role in control of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-216670 SP4 protein Q02446 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15781457 f miannu "Sp4 and Sp1 are activators of the rod opsin promoter" SIGNOR-225382 arecoline chemical CHEBI:2814 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258638 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr78 RAIDFSPyLEPLGAP 9606 BTO:0000007 19563810 t gcesareni "The y79 amino acid residue of c/ebpbeta was phosphorylated by c-abl or arg. The phosphorylation of c/ebpbeta resulted in an increased c/ebpbeta stability and a potentiation of c/ebpbeta transcription activation activity in cells" SIGNOR-186427 Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000414 24184828 t miannu "Integrin α6β4 is a laminin receptor that is mainly expressed in the basal layer of epithelial tissues. The β4-integrin is unique because of its long cytoplasmic tail, which interacts with the intermediate filament network rather than actin. This interaction contributes to the ability of α6β4 to maintain the integrity of tissues normally exposed to shear stress. α6β4 integrin assembles its own signalling platform." SIGNOR-258998 diphenhydramine chemical CHEBI:4636 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257787 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT TRIP11 protein Q15643 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9256431 t miannu "The wild-type rb is able to interact with the rb-binding domain of trip230 / rb represses trip230-mediated activation of tr-regulated transcription." SIGNOR-50266 NCBP1 protein Q09161 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 26382858 t lperfetto "The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of the nuclear cap-binding protein (NCBP) 2 and its adaptor NCBP1, is believed to bind all capped RNA and to be necessary for its processing and intracellular localization." SIGNOR-268363 YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29182 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16429158 t miannu "YARS (also known as TyrRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism. Tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl-adenylate and is then transferred to tRNATyr" SIGNOR-270517 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 15980064 t lperfetto "These data indicate that the camkks function in intact cells as ampkks, predicting wider roles for these kinases in regulating ampk activity in vivo." SIGNOR-217493 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268216 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1222 PAFDNLYyWDQDPPE 9606 15156151 t gcesareni "Stimulation of these molecules, however, failed to induce efficient cell migration in the absence of neu/erbb2 phosphorylation at tyr 1201 or tyr 1227" SIGNOR-124860 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser386 HQLFRGFsFVAITSD 10090 15206906 t "RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) is activated via the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway by phosphorylation on four sites: Ser227 in the activation loop of the N-terminal kinase domain, Ser369 in the linker, Ser386 in the hydrophobic motif and Thr577 in the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK2. In the present study, we demonstrate that RSK2 is associated in vivo with PP2Cdelta (protein phosphatase 2Cdelta). In epidermal growth factorstimulated cells, RSK2 is partially dephosphorylated on all four sites in an Mn2+-dependent manner, leading to reduced protein kinase activity" SIGNOR-248322 sorafenib chemical CHEBI:50924 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258283 MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16874301 t miannu "We found that MITOL associated with and ubiquitinated mitochondrial fission protein hFis1 and Drp1.Pulse–chase experiment also indicated that MITOL overexpression promoted Drp1 turnover." SIGNOR-271894 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 KNIVTPRtPPPSQGK 9606 BTO:0000142 16401070 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation decreased the ability of mbp to polymerize actin and to bundle actin filaments but had no effect on the dissociation constant of the mbp-actin complex or on the ability of ca2+-calmodulin to dissociate the complex. The most significant effect of phosphorylation on the mbp-actin complex was a dramatic reduction in its ability to bind to negatively charged lipid bilayers. The identification of myelin basic protein (phosphorylation at -pro-arg-thr-pro-) as a substrate for the erk kinases (fig. 1) demonstrates that there are other determinants important for substrate recognition than those present in the originally identified consensus sequence." SIGNOR-143481 SLC6A3 protein Q01959 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30465801 t miannu "Key regulators of transmitter release and the signaling dynamics of dopamine are the plasma membrane reuptake transporter (DAT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2). These proteins serve to remove dopamine molecules from the extracellular and cytosolic space, respectively and both determine the amount of transmitter released from synaptic vesicles." SIGNOR-269196 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser280 AKRPRVTsGGVSESP 9606 15107605 t lperfetto "The chk1 protein phosphorylated by pkb on serine 280 does not enter into protein complexes after replication arrest. Moreover, chk1 phosphorylated by pkb fails to undergo activating phosphorylation on serine 345 by atm/atr. Phosphorylation by atm/atr and association with other checkpoint proteins are essential steps in activation of chk1." SIGNOR-244206 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" fstefani "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3). the dual specificity phosphatases that specifically dephosphorylate and inactivate the p-erk1/2 are called mapk phosphatases" SIGNOR-269906 PAX3-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP12 SIGNOR IGF2 protein P01344 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t miannu "Insulin-like growth factor is required for RMS cell growth and IGF2 is expressed in an autocrine manner by the tumour cells. The IGF2 locus shows a loss of imprinting in both ERMS and ARMS tumours and expression of PAX3-FOXO1 can induce the upregulation of IGF2, thus enhancing the activation of IGF signalling pathway in ARMS" SIGNOR-251573 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr643 EELNKRQtQKDLEHA 9606 17396146 t gcesareni "The dna damage kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) phosphorylates taos in vitro;radiation induces phosphorylation of tao on a consensus site for phosphorylation by the atmprotein kinase in cells." SIGNOR-154171 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16123311 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "We report upregulation of lrig1 transcript and protein upon egf stimulation, and physical association of the encoded protein with the four egfr orthologs of mammals. Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation." SIGNOR-269872 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 14764652 f lperfetto "Estrogen-induced transcriptional activities of both ERalpha and ERbeta and mRNA expression of estrogen-responsive genes, including pS2, c-myc, and cyclin D1, were suppressed by PP5 but enhanced by PP5 antisense oligonucleotide." SIGNOR-271691 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19433246 t miannu "Phthalates are true ligands of PPARs. Mono-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (MEHP), a metabolite of the widespread plasticizer di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (DEHP), has been found in exposed organisms and interacts with all three PPARs. A thorough analysis of its interactions with PPARgamma identified MEHP as a selective PPARgamma modulator, and thus a possible contributor to the obesity epidemic." SIGNOR-268746 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT IREB2 protein P48200 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19762596 t miannu " We found that a SKP1-CUL1-FBXL5 ubiquitin ligase protein complex associates with and promotes the iron-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of IRP2. The F-box substrate adaptor protein FBXL5 was degraded upon iron and oxygen depletion in a process that required an iron-binding hemerythrin-like domain in its N terminus. " SIGNOR-271882 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD -1 10884347 t llicata "Our previous data has shown that cyclin A-cdk2 is the major enzyme responsible for modifying p53 at Ser315 in vivo after irradiation damage and in this report we dissect the mechanism of cyclinA-cdk2 binding to and phosphorylation of p53." SIGNOR-250751 UNII-XH2662798I chemical CID:16156006 PUBCHEM CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Cdk1/cdc2 activation involves tyr15/thr14 dephosphorylation, regulated by wee1- and myt1-mediated phosphorylation and cdc25c-mediated dephosphorylation. Cdc25a may also be involved in cdk1 dephosphorylation in the g2/m-phase checkpoint." SIGNOR-163127 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser395 SQESEDYsQPSTSSS 9606 17936559 t gcesareni "Wip1 interacts with and dephosphorylates mdm2 at serine 395, a site phosphorylated by the atm kinase. Dephosphorylated mdm2 has increased stability and affinity for p53, facilitating p53 ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-158328 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr699 TAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 9606 BTO:0000150 17997837 t llicata "Phosphospecific antibodies, mutational analysis, and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that brk specifically mediated stat5b phosphorylation at the activating tyrosine, y699." SIGNOR-159066 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257975 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr293 QSAQSLAtPVVSVAT 9606 9858528 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q06413-3" lperfetto "Our studies showed that p38 specifically phosphorylates serine 387 and threonines 293 and 300 within the mef2c transactivation domain" SIGNOR-62792 CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 12091906 f apalma "P14/p19 ARF functions by antagonizing MDM2 and thereby stabilizing p53 (refs. 17,18). Thus, loss of p14/p19ARF impairs p53-mediated growth arrest and/or apoptosis in response to activated oncogenes" SIGNOR-255694 HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257242 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr589 SHDSEENyVPMNPNL 9606 BTO:0000527;BTO:0000017 9890893 t lperfetto "Gab-1 is a multisubstrate docking protein downstream in the signaling pathways of different receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)the entire protein was phosphorylated by regfr at eight tyrosine residues (y285, y373, y406, y447, y472, y619, y657, and y689)." SIGNOR-236416 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT FLII protein Q13045 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr818 LHRPRHAtVSRSLEG 9606 19293151 t lperfetto "Here we show that flii is an in vivo substrate of cisk that functions downstream of pi 3-kinase. Cisk can associate with flii and phosphorylate flii at residues ser(436) and thr(818).We demonstrate here that cisk can enhance er transcription, which is dependent on its kinase activity, and mutation of cisk phosphorylation sites on flii attenuates its activity as an er co-activator." SIGNOR-184692 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 GTLRTSIsVERQIHK 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251462 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-268074 NME2 protein P22392 UNIPROT KCNN4 protein O15554 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation His358 FRQVRLKhRKLREQV 9606 18796614 t gcesareni "We previously showed that nucleoside diphosphate kinase beta (ndpk-b), a mammalian histidine kinase, is required for kca3.1 channel activation in human cd4 t lymphocytes." SIGNOR-181083 SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0005238 16930133 t "Hippo pathway" Gianni "Association of mammalian sterile twenty kinases, Mst1 and Mst2, with hSalvador via C-terminal coiled-coil domains, leads to its stabilization and phosphorylation." SIGNOR-261957 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3." SIGNOR-270015 PHF1 protein O43189 UNIPROT HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20565746 t miannu "These data support the proposed regulatory impact of particular PRC2-proteins in expression of HOXA9 and HOXA10 in NK/T-cells. In mammalian cells knockdown of PRC2 components EZH2 or PHF1 led to upregulated HOXA gene expression." SIGNOR-260071 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18722121 t lperfetto "Ser719, ser721, and ser722 are the predominant rsk-dependent phosphorylation sites in raptor raptor phosphorylation regulates mtorc1 activity" SIGNOR-252794 E protein P59637 UNIPROT ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9534 BTO:0001444 22028656 f miannu "SARS-CoV E protein down-regulated the signaling pathway inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1) of the unfolded protein response, but not the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) or activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) pathways, and reduced cell apoptosis." SIGNOR-260347 SELPLG protein Q14242 UNIPROT SELE protein P16581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130 9024699 t gcesareni "PSGL-1 was shown to mediate rolling of human neutrophils on p- and e-selectin in vitro." SIGNOR-46330 MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-264002 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000150 12697749 f lperfetto "Our data indicate that akt2 inhibits cisplatin-induced jnk/p38 and bax activation through phosphorylation of ask1" SIGNOR-244288 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-148493 NARS1 protein O43776 UNIPROT tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29172 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270453 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr779 EDDPEAAyTTRGGKI 9606 21135139 t "Nevertheless, the finding that phosphorylation of the activation loop tyrosine (EphA3-Y779), a recently identified PTP1B substrate (Mertins et al., 2008), is essential for ligand-induced endocytosis (Janes et al., 2009)" SIGNOR-248426 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21779497 t miannu "The raf family of proteins (raf-1, a-raf, and b-raf) is serine/threonine kinases that bind to the effector region of ras-gtp, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane. Once there, raf proteins are activated and phosphorylated by different protein kinases." SIGNOR-156906 MCOLN1 protein Q9GZU1 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26000950 t "Induction of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis via TFEB required MCOLN1-mediated calcineurin activation, linking lysosomal calcium signaling to both calcineurin regulation and autophagy induction." SIGNOR-255308 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser432 SAYGGLTsPGLSYSL 16554440 t lperfetto "Also, several probable in vivo K8 kinases have been identified including Erk1/2 for K8 Ser431 (Ku and Omary, 1997), and p38 and Jun kinases for K8 Ser73 (Ku et al., 2002a; He et al., 2002)." SIGNOR-249411 RNF11 protein Q9Y3C5 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000150 19131965 t lperfetto "Rnf11, together with tax1bp1 and itch, is an essential component of an a20 ubiquitin-editing protein complex; rnf11 is required for a20 to interact with and inactivate rip1 to inhibit tnf-mediated nf-_kb activation." SIGNOR-183188 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t fstefani "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3). the dual specificity phosphatases that specifically dephosphorylate and inactivate the p-erk1/2 are called mapk phosphatases" SIGNOR-103155 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19114990 f lperfetto "First, TGF-beta can rapidly activate PI3K, as indicated by the phosphorylation of its downstream effector Akt" SIGNOR-217812 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT PODXL protein O00592 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11719225 t "Binding of WT1 to conserved elements within the Podocalyxin gene promoter results in potent transcriptional activation, and the specific expression pattern of Podocalyxin in the developing kidney mirrors that of WT1 itself." SIGNOR-252300 F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257409 GRID1 protein Q9ULK0 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264951 HOXD12 protein P35452 UNIPROT MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221887 ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 27995049 f miannu "We also investigated the potential regulation of cancer-associated signaling pathways by Anxa3 through screening for the altered expression of some common signaling molecules after Anxa3 downregulation. Decreased phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, Akt, and IκBα was detected after downregulating Anxa3 expression in A549 cells." SIGNOR-262212 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 16481475 t gcesareni "Acetylated stat1 is able to interact with nf-kappab p65. As a consequence, p65 dna binding, nuclear localization, and expression of anti-apoptotic nf-kappab target genes decrease." SIGNOR-144561 U0126 chemical CHEBI:90693 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 9873633 t gcesareni "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity. U0126 was found to functionally antagonize ap-1 transcriptional activity via noncompetitive the dual specificity kinase mek with an ic50 of 0.07 microm for mek 1 and 0.06 microm for mek 2." SIGNOR-62895 BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11069302 t amattioni "Survivin (an inhibitor of apoptosis) phosphorylation on thr34 may regulate apoptosis at cell division via an interaction with caspase-9." SIGNOR-84065 MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256787 MYO7A protein Q13402 UNIPROT "TIP-LINK complex" complex SIGNOR-C291 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The adaptor proteins harmonin and SANS, and the motor protein myosin 7a (Myo7a) bind in vitro to each other and to CDH23 (Adato et al., 2005; Bahloul et al., 2010; Boeda et al., 2002; Siemens et al., 2002) and co-localize at the upper insertion site of tip links (Grati and Kachar, 2011; Grillet et al., 2009b), suggesting that they form a protein complex important for transduction." SIGNOR-262577 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr161 LGLPEEEtELDNLTE -1 9407077 t llicata "Phosphorylation of NIPP-1 in a heterodimeric complex with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1 resulted in an activation of the holoenzyme without a release of NIPP-1. Sequencing and phosphoamino acid analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides enabled us to identify Ser178 and Ser199 as the phosphorylation sites of protein kinase A, whereas Thr161 and Ser204 were phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2." SIGNOR-251024 PEX6 protein Q13608 UNIPROT PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 16314507 t "Pex1, Pex6, and Pex26 are involved in Pex5 export from peroxisomes., we found that Pex1 and Pex6 bind to Pex5 (Fig. ​(Fig.6). Therefore, it is conceivable that Pex1 and Pex6 pull out Pex5 from peroxisome membranes in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-253619 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10207072 t lperfetto "Both p53 and rela(p65) interact with the transcriptional coactivator proteins p300 and creb-binding protein (cbp), and we demonstrate that these results are consistent with competition for a limiting pool of p300/cbp complexes in vivo." SIGNOR-217655 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser396 TFDSLPSsPSSATPH -1 12171600 t miannu "Inhibition of eEF2 kinase resulting from phosphorylation of Ser-396 by SAPK2a p38 was approx.25%." SIGNOR-249707 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT KLF6 protein Q99612 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254849 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 12055200 f fspada "We have identified wnt10b as a potent inhibitor of adipogenesis that must be suppressed for preadipocytes to differentiate in vitro" SIGNOR-89131 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser477 NSMNKLPsVSQLINP 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180759 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "A novel multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib (Figure 1), inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, that play key roles in angiogenesis, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (TIE2) and the mutant oncogenic kinase KIT, RET, B-RAF" SIGNOR-259452 SDHB protein P21912 UNIPROT SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. Four nuclear genes encode the four subunits, SDHA (15 exons), SDHB (8 exons), SDHC (6 exons) and SDHD (4 exons), mapping on to chromosomes 5p15, 1p35-p36.1, 1q21 and 11q23, respectively." SIGNOR-266272 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 DDGYMPMsPGVAPVP 9606 15143153 t gcesareni "These results indicate that activation of protein kinase c stimulates a kinase which can phosphorylate insulin receptor substrate-1 at serine 612, resulting in an inhibition of insulin signaling in the cell these data suggest that: 1) activation of pkctheta contributes to ikk and jnk activation by ffas;2) ikk and jnk mediate pkctheta signals for irs-1 serine phosphorylation and degradation; ser-302 phosphorylation is dependent on pi 3-kinase/mtor, whereas ser-307 depends on c-jun nh2-terminal kinase to inhibit irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Ser-636 is located around the pi 3-kinase binding site and, therefore, thought to inhibit pi 3-kinase signaling." SIGNOR-124737 Tifluadom chemical CHEBI:9591 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258665 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser180 GSSASFIsDTFSPYT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248684 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2D4 protein Q9Y2X8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271375 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr694 LAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 9606 18250158 t gcesareni "For these assays, coexpression of wt jak3 with stat5a was found to result in tyrosine phosphorylation of stat5a (lane 2) mediated by jak3, since stat5a coexpressed with the kinase-inactive k855a mutant form of jak3 was not tyrosine phosphorylated." SIGNOR-160672 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR MBL2 protein P11226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 17204478 t lperfetto "In the lectin pathway, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins bind to pathogens and activate MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2)" SIGNOR-263405 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sPVRSVRK 9606 9029153 t lperfetto "Id2 acts by forming heterodimers that are unable to bind to specific (e-box) dna sequences. Here we show that this activity can be overcome by phosphorylation of a serine residue within a consensus target site for cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). In vitro, id2 can be phosphorylated by either cyclin e-cdk2 or cyclin a-cdk2_" SIGNOR-216698 GRIK2 protein Q13002 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264943 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NFE2L1 protein Q14494 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser379 SQDFLLFsPEVESLP 9606 BTO:0000938 23623971 t lperfetto "Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related transcription factor-1 (nrf1) and inhibits pro-survival function of nrf1" SIGNOR-193450 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser289 PPQDQESsPIENDSS 9606 7678037 t llicata "These data suggest taht CKII can phosphorylate more than one site on CD20 molecule. | Taken together, this data shown that insulin can increase erine threonine phosphorylation and may stimulate CKII activity in B cells." SIGNOR-250916 STAP1 protein Q9ULZ2 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10679268 t miannu "STAP-1 was tyrosine-phosphorylated by activated c-kit. An in vitro binding assay suggested that the STAP-1 SH2 domain interacted with several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins including c-kit and STAT5. These suggest that STAP-1 functions as an adaptor molecule downstream of c-kit in hematopoietic stem cells." SIGNOR-261821 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT YARS2 protein Q9Y2Z4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269413 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser227 GARRRGGsASRSLPL 9606 10224060 t lperfetto "Akt kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of htert subunit as one of its substrate proteins." SIGNOR-244361 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18997794 t lperfetto "Traf3-binding receptors stabilize nik by activating ciap-dependent degradation of traf2 and traf3." SIGNOR-182128 ADORA3 protein P0DMS8 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256814 dicyclomine chemical CHEBI:4514 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258388 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257981 ELF1 protein P32519 UNIPROT IL2RA protein P01589 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 7862168 f 2 miannu "The interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha) gene is rapidly and potently induced in T cells in response to mitogenic stimuli. Previously, an inducible enhancer between nucleotides -299 and -228 that contains NF-kappa B and CArG motifs was identified. We now report the characterization of a second essential positive regulatory element located between nucleotides -137 and -64 that binds Elf-1 and HMG-I(Y). Transcription from the IL-2R alpha promoter was inhibited when either the Elf-1 or the HMG-I(Y) binding site was mutated. Coexpression of both proteins activated transcription of the -137 to -64 element in COS-7 cells." SIGNOR-240193 TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11468175 t "GILZ inhibits NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding due to a direct protein-to-protein interaction of GILZ with the NF-kappaB subunits." SIGNOR-253298 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 9890973 t "Phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif" gcesareni "Here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1)these results indicate that hgk, a novel activator of the jnk pathway, may function through tak1, and that the hgk --> tak1 --> mkk4, mkk7 --> jnk kinase cascade may mediate the TNF-alphalpha signaling pathway." SIGNOR-63972 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr360 VSPSPTTyRMFRDKS 9534 8622703 t Manara "These results indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of Bcr by Bcr-Abl inhibits Bcr‚Äôs serine/threonine kinase activity." SIGNOR-262530 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257090 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR LIN28A protein Q9H9Z2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269246 "PB28 dihydrochloride" chemical CID:46861545 PUBCHEM TMEM97 protein Q5BJF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000093 16891467 t Federica "Cyclohexylpiperazine derivative PB28, a σ2 agonist and σ1 antagonist receptor, inhibits cell growth, modulates P-glycoprotein, and synergizes with anthracyclines in breast cancer" SIGNOR-261110 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-236099 AGPAT3 protein Q9NRZ7 UNIPROT "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57970 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21173190 t lperfetto "The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA).¬†" SIGNOR-267009 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21525013 t amattioni "Degradation of ciaps triggers the release of receptor interacting protein kinase (ripk1) from tnf receptor i (tnfr1) to form a caspase-8 activating complex" SIGNOR-173432 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr230 GHPTPPPtPVPSPHP 10090 BTO:0000944 10567568 t "Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) phosphorylates T222 and T226, causing a conformational change in C/EBPα. GSK3-mediated phosphorylation does not, in itself, dramatically alter the activity of C/EBPα in our assays. phosphorylation of C/EBPalpha and other substrates by GSK3 may be required for adipogenesis, since treatment of differentiating preadipocytes with lithium inhibits their conversion to adipocytes." SIGNOR-251232 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 16403219 t miannu "Pim kinases phosphorylate multiple sites on Bad and promote 14-3-3 binding and dissociation from Bcl-XL. pim kinases are constitutively active when expressed in HEK-293 cells and are able to phosphorylate the Bcl-2 family member Bad on three residues, Ser112, Ser136 and Ser155 in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-250390 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Ikkbeta phosphorylates foxo3a at ser644. Ikappab kinase (ikk) physically interacts with, phosphorylates, and inhibits foxo3a independent of akt and causes proteolysis of foxo3a via the ub-dependent proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-252947 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TRIM28 protein Q13263 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 SGVKRSRsGEGEVSG 9606 18590578 t gcesareni "This work demonstrates that tif1beta is phosphorylated on ser473, the alteration of which is dynamically associated with cell cycle progression and functionally linked to transcriptional regulation. Phosphorylation of tif1beta/ser473 is mediated by the pkcdelta pathway and is closely linked to cell proliferation. Phosphorylation of tif1beta/ser473 coincides with the induction of cell cycle gene cyclin a2 at the s-phase. Promoter of cyclin a2 gene is occupied by tif1beta and such occupancy is inversely correlated with ser473 phosphorylation. Non-phosphorylated tif1beta/ser473 allowed greater tif1beta association with the regulatory regions and the consequent repression of these genes." SIGNOR-179250 IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12704343 t milica "IL-4R Is a 140-kd protein that binds il-4 with high affinity" SIGNOR-100762 UNC5 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF98 SIGNOR DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268168 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT CRH protein P06850 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000931 16446741 t lperfetto "A direct androgenic involvement in the expression of human corticotropin-releasing hormone|A potential androgen-responsive element (ARE) in the human CRH promoter was subsequently analyzed with bandshifts and cotransfections in neuroblastoma cells. In the presence of testosterone, recombinant human AR bound specifically to the CRH-ARE." SIGNOR-268723 FFAR3 protein O14843 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256678 NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner./lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-175225 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT NIFK protein Q9BYG3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 TVDSQGPtPVCTPTF -1 16244663 t miannu "The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of human Ki67 interacts with the human nucleolar protein hNIFK, recognizing a 44-residue fragment, hNIFK226-269, phosphorylated at Thr234. Here we show that high-affinity binding requires sequential phosphorylation by two kinases, CDK1 and GSK3, yielding pThr238, pThr234 and pSer230. phosphorylation of Thr234 by GSK3 proceeds only after Thr238 is already phosphorylated by CDK1." SIGNOR-262697 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr599 VDFREYEyDLKWEFP 9606 BTO:0001271 11971190 t lperfetto "Previously we reported that flt3 with itd (flt3/itd) formed a homodimer and was autophosphorylated on tyrosine residuewe examined the role of tyr residues (y589, y591, y597 and y599) in the jm domain in the activation of flt3. In wt-flt3, these tyr residues were important for the fl-dependent activation" SIGNOR-117583 KLHL12 protein Q53G59 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16547521 t miannu " KLHL12 recruits Dsh to Cullin-3 for protein degradation. In vitro ubiquitination of Dsh3 by KLHL12–Cullin-3–Roc1. The E3 ligase complex was obtained by transfection of HEK293T cells . We show that the BTB-containing protein KLHL12 negatively regulates Dsh function by recruiting a pool of Dsh to the Cullin-3 ligase scaffold, thereby promoting its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271558 NDC80 protein O14777 UNIPROT "Ndc80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C361 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27881301 t lperfetto "Kinetochores, multisubunit protein assemblies, connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules to promote chromosome segregation. The 10-subunit KMN assembly (comprising KNL1, MIS12, and NDC80 complexes, designated KNL1C, MIS12C, and NDC80C) binds microtubules and regulates mitotic checkpoint function through NDC80C and KNL1C, respectively. |NDC80C contains the NDC80, NUF2, SPC24, and SPC25 subunits" SIGNOR-265188 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT GPX1 protein P07203 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr98 EILNSLKyVRPGGGF 9606 12893824 t lperfetto "GPx1 also functions as a substrate for c-Abl- and Arg-mediated phosphorylation on Tyr-96. The results further show that c-Abl and Arg stimulate GPx activity and that these kinases contribute to GPx-mediated protection of cells against oxidative stress." SIGNOR-104324 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 14592976 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Notch-induced degradation requires phosphorylation of E47 by p42/p44 MAP kinases. |Wild_type E47 but not the Mm mutant reacted to the antibodies, suggesting that E47 is at least phosphorylated at the M2 site (Figure 3A)|anti_phospho_M2 peptide (SSPSpTPVGSPQG)" SIGNOR-270139 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 15342917 t lperfetto "The mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-activated kinase, p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) 1, was found to interact with and phosphorylate tuberin at a regulatory site, ser-1798, located at the evolutionarily conserved c terminus of tuberin. Rsk1 phosphorylation of ser-1798 inhibits the tumor suppressor function of the tuberin/hamartin complex, resulting in increased mtor signaling to s6k1" SIGNOR-252796 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT FST protein P19883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 15130492 f lperfetto "MyoD, CREB, and NFAT Mediate the Transcriptional Activation of the Follistatin Promoter Induced by TSA" SIGNOR-251714 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr359 DTEFTSRtPKDSPGI 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-250557 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR INCA1 protein Q0VD86 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser23 CSRVVSRsPPPRLPS -1 15159402 t miannu " GST-INCA1 was phosphorylated in vitro by cyclin A2-CDK2 but not by CDK2 or either cyclin alone.  Mutation of Ser23, Thr167, and Ser176 strongly reduced in vitro phosphorylation of INCA1.Cyclin A1 and Cyclin A2 in Complex with CDK2 Phosphorylated INCA1 in Vitro Predominantly at Ser176" SIGNOR-273593 ELAVL2 protein Q12926 UNIPROT ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19221430 t miannu "Neuronal ELAV (nELAV) proteins are RNA-binding proteins which play a physiological role in controlling gene expression in memory formation, and their alteration may contribute to cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The experiments show for the first time that ADAM10mRNA represents a nELAV target and that these RNA-binding proteins can play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of ADAM10 expression. nELAV proteins specifically bind the ADAM10 mRNA and this binding is disrupted following Aβ exposure" SIGNOR-266863 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr17 RVSSYRRtFGGAPGF -1 12686604 t lperfetto "The sites phosphorylated by Aurora-B; Thr-7/Ser-13/Ser-38 of GFAP, and Thr-16 of desmin are common with those related to Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase), which has been reported to phosphorylate GFAP and desmin at cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Rho-kinase was found to phosphorylate desmin at Thr-16, Thr-75, and Thr-76" SIGNOR-100177 NADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58349 ChEBI NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33064660 t miannu "Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP." SIGNOR-268078 MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT MYH10 protein P35580 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238766 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262260 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg737 LAAALGIrSFRNSSL -1 10026263 t lperfetto "Thrombin is considered the physiological activator of factor V and is the most potent activator, catalyzing the cleavage of three peptide bonds at Arg709, Arg1018, and Arg1545" SIGNOR-263632 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 12588998 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-98297 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 AHPPHAPsPGQTVKP 9606 BTO:0000551 16984892 t lperfetto "In this study, we found that c-jun nh2-terminal kinase 1 activation triggered ctbp phosphorylation on ser-422 and subsequent degradation," SIGNOR-149721 GXYLT2 protein A0PJZ3 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22117070 t "Xylosylation in ER membrane" gcesareni "We have previously identified two human genes, gxylt1 and gxylt2, encoding glucoside xylosyltransferases responsible for the transfer of xylose to o-linked glucose. The identity of the enzyme further elongating the glycan to generate the final trisaccharide xylose-xylose-glucose, however, remained unknown. Here, we describe that the human gene c3orf21 encodes a udp-xylose:alfa-xyloside alfa1,3-xylosyltransferase, acting on xylose-alfa1,3-glucosebeta1-containing acceptor structures. We have, therefore, renamed it xxylt1 (xyloside xylosyltransferase 1). Xxylt1 cannot act on a synthetic acceptor containing an alfa-linked xylose alone, but requires the presence of the underlying glucose. Activity on notch egf repeats was proven by in vitro xylosylation of a mouse notch1 fragment recombinantly produced in sf9 insect cells, a bacterially expressed egf repeat from mouse notch2 modified in vitro by rumi and gxylt2 and in vivo by co-expression of the enzyme with the notch1 fragment. The enzyme was shown to be a typical type ii membrane-bound glycosyltransferase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum." SIGNOR-177717 ASB3 protein Q9Y575 UNIPROT VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15899873 t miannu "While the ankyrin repeats of ASB3 interact with the C-terminal 37 amino acids of TNF-R2, the SOCS box of ASB3 is responsible for recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptors Elongins-B/C, leading to TNF-R2 ubiquitination on multiple lysine residues within its C-terminal region. Downregulation of ASB3 expression by a small interfering RNA inhibited TNF-R2 degradation and potentiated TNF-R2-mediated cytotoxicity. The data presented here implicate ASB3 as a negative regulator of TNF-R2-mediated cellular responses to TNF-alpha by direct targeting of TNF-R2 for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-271544 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr35 LLKHAEAtLGSGNLR 9606 21808241 t "The regulation of MOB1 and LATS1/2 by MST1/2 may be organ and disease-specific." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2 mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-175817 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CYBA protein P13498 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr147 ERPQIGGtIKQPPSN -1 19948736 t Manara "Phosphorylation of p22phox on threonine 147 enhances NADPH oxidase activity by promoting p47phox binding. | Threonine 147 of p22phox Is Phosphorylated by PKC-α and PKC-δ in Vitro" SIGNOR-260891 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT RAB8A protein P61006 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser111 RNIEEHAsADVEKMI -1 31361120 t lperfetto "For Rab8a, it was shown that serine 111 phosphorylation (pS111) is dependent on the protein kinase PINK1 and that mimicking the phosphorylation at S111 by a serine/glutamate substitution (S111E) impaired Rab8a activation by its cognate nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rabin8." SIGNOR-260268 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1016 DVVDADEyLIPQQGF 9534 BTO:0004055 12582165 t lperfetto "Given that substrate trapping occurred in intact cells and that the interaction was very specific, it is highly likely that egfr and gab1 represent physiological shp2 substrates.To further confirm that phosphotyrosyl proteins trapped by SHP2 are target substrates, we carried out an immunocomplex in vitrophosphatase assay.The WT protein partially dephosphorylated both the EGFR and Gab1, whereas the DM protein did not" SIGNOR-236424 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR MYLPF protein Q96A32 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136726 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr177 VAGQLTDtMAKRNTV 9534 12223493 t lperfetto "Mapping of MST1 kinase sites of phosphorylation. Activation and autophosphorylationwas also highly autophosphorylated at the newly identified Thr(177) and Thr(387) residues" SIGNOR-247573 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF6 protein O60337 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271248 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 8702756 t miannu "Here we found that Rho-kinase stoichiometrically phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC). Peptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analyses revealed that the primary phosphorylation site of MLC by Rho-kinase was Ser-19, which is the site phosphorylated by MLC kinase. Rho-kinase phosphorylated recombinant MLC, whereas it failed to phosphorylate recombinant MLC, which contained Ala substituted for both Thr-18 and Ser-19. We also found that the phosphorylation of MLC by Rho-kinase resulted in the facilitation of the actin activation of myosin ATPase." SIGNOR-261718 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser38 LGPGTRLsLARMPPP -1 2155236 t miannu "GFAP can serve as a substrate for phosphorylation by CAMP-dependent protein kinase. CAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C phosphorylated Ser-8, Ser-13, and Ser-34.each phosphorylation was shown to induce disassembly of the glial filaments." SIGNOR-249713 PPP4R3A protein Q6IN85 UNIPROT PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18715871 t gcesareni "Our data demonstrate that pp4r4 forms a novel cytosolic complex with pp4c, independent from the complexes containing pp4r1, pp4r2.PP4R3, and alpha4, and that the regulatory subunits of pp4c have evolved different modes of interaction with the catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-180244 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR IL22RA1 protein Q8N6P7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 26171402 t miannu "FBXW12 causes depletion of endogenous and plasmid-derived IL-22R in lung epithelia, binds the E3 ligase constituent Skp-1, and facilitates ubiquitination of IL-22R in vitro." SIGNOR-272428 NFYC protein Q13952 UNIPROT PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18378410 f miannu "Positive regulation of promoter activity of human 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) gene is mediated by transcription factors Sp1 and NF-Y." SIGNOR-255211 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005261 19956800 t irozzo "Although the complex was initially termed ENL associated proteins (EAP), we now propose to redefine EAP as ‘‘elongation assisting proteins’’ to better reflect the function of this protein complex. In this report, we present evidence that the most frequently occurring MLL fusion proteins exploit molecular control mechanisms of transcriptional elongation to transform hematopoietic cells. MLL fusions become incorporated into an ‘‘elongation assisting protein’’ complex, recruit it to their respective target genes, and enforce ectopic transcription." SIGNOR-255878 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 25787076 f miannu "The UPS by itself degrades actomyosin and myofibrillar proteins slowly, but when caspase-3 is activated, it cleaves actomyosin and the myofibrillar proteins to provide substrates for degradation in the UPS . Caspase-3 also can cleave specific subunits of the 19 S proteasome particle, which stimulates the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome[...] These results indicate that caspase-3 participates in the muscle proteolysis that is present in tumor-bearing mice" SIGNOR-256475 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12087092 t amattioni "Dok proteins directly associate with tyrosine 1062 of ret and could be its substrates. Phosphorylation of dok1 is necessary for interaction with ras-gap in vitro and in vivo. Dok1 is a negative regulator for the ras/erk signaling pathway activated by ret." SIGNOR-90158 CTNND2 protein Q9UQB3 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252134 N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-[(2R,6S)-5,12-dioxo-2-phenyl-1-oxa-4-azacyclododec-8-en-6-yl]acetamide chemical CHEBI:94175 ChEBI SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000527 21679342 t gcesareni "More recently, robotnikinin was identified as a compound that binds to shh and blocks its ability to induce pathway activity at the level of ptch." SIGNOR-174429 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254703 Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18350175 f "inferred from family member" miannu "The first step in metabolism of glucose (Glc) is usually phosphorylation, catalyzed by hexokinase." SIGNOR-267782 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14625384 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-119233 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser299 KMAFRAKsKSCHDLS -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249009 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16508002 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk-induced phosphorylation of b-raf on t753 promoted the disassembly of raf heterodimers, and the mutation of t753 prolonged growth factor-induced heterodimerization. The b-raf t753a mutant enhanced differentiation of pc12 cells, which was previously shown to be dependent on sustained erk signaling. Site is critical for v-src dependent modulation of slk kinase activity." SIGNOR-270043 Endothelin-1 smallmolecule CHEBI:80240 ChEBI EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257483 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser79 QRMGSSEsTDSGFCL 9606 20348946 t lperfetto "Here, we report that casein kinase 1 alpha (ck1alpha) phosphorylates cdc25a on both s79 and s82 in a hierarchical manner requiring prior phosphorylation of s76 by chk1 or gsk-3beta. This facilitates beta-trcp binding and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of cdc25a" SIGNOR-164734 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT HAND1 protein O96004 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268936 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr641 TRHPPVLtPPDQEVI 10116 8749392 t "Specifically, the threonine at position 500 (T500) on the activation loop, and T641 and S660 on the carboxyl terminus of protein kinase C beta II are phosphorylated in vivo. T500 and S660 are selectively dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatase 2A to yield an enzyme that is still capable of lipid-dependent activation, whereas all three residues are dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 to yield an inactive enzyme." SIGNOR-248587 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RANGAP1 protein P46060 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr409 GQGEKSAtPSRKILD 9606 SIGNOR-C17 15037602 t lperfetto "Here, we show that rangap1 is phosphorylated on residues t409, s428, and s442. Phosphorylation occurs before nuclear envelope breakdown and is maintained throughout mitosis. The m-phase kinase cyclin b/cdk1 phosphorylates rangap1 efficiently in vitro, and t409 phosphorylation correlates with nuclear accumulation of cyclin b1 in vivo." SIGNOR-123524 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SP7 protein Q8TDD2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21777568 t gcesareni "We found that Akt phosphorylates Osterix and that Akt activation increases protein stability, osteogenic activity and transcriptional activity of Osterix. We also found that BMP-2 increases the protein level of Osterix in an Akt activity-dependent manner." SIGNOR-195549 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR PGAM5 protein Q96HS1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 17046835 t miannu "Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of PGAM5 results in proteasome-dependent degradation of PGAM5. Keap1 is a Bric-a-Brac (BTB) 2 -Kelch protein that functions as a substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-272647 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser80 LHIRSSMsGLHLVKQ 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12015362 t lperfetto "Significant negative linear correlations between phospho-acc and acc activity were observed in all models (p < 0.01). The decline in acc activity was related to the decrease in pcr and the rise in amp. A relationship between phospho-ampk (threonine 172) and activity of ampk immunoprecipitated with anti-alpha(2) subunit antibody preparation was also observed." SIGNOR-216655 "lysophosphatidylserine 14:0(1-)" chemical CHEBI:72402 ChEBI GPR174 protein Q9BXC1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257503 "prostaglandin F2alpha(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57404 ChEBI PTGFR protein P43088 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257573 TOPORS protein Q9NS56 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 phosphorylation:Ser718 KDRDGYEsSYRRRTL 19473992 t lperfetto "Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of topors regulates p53 stabilityherein, we have identified topoisomerase i-binding protein (topors), a p53-binding protein, as a plk1 target. We show that plk1 phosphorylates topors on ser(718) in vivo. Significantly, expression of a plk1-unphosphorylatable topors mutant (s718a) leads to a dramatic accumulation of p53 through inhibition of p53 degradation. Topors is an ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like modifier ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (sumo e3) ligase. Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of topors inhibits topors-mediated sumoylation of p53, whereas p53 ubiquitination is enhanced, leading to p53 degradation." SIGNOR-185848 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation -1 11486036 t miannu "Previous studies have established that YY1 interacts with histone acetyltransferases p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), HDAC2, and HDAC3. Here, we present evidence that the activity of YY1 is regulated through acetylation by p300 and PCAF and through deacetylation by HDACs. YY1 was acetylated in two regions: both p300 and PCAF acetylated the central glycine-lysine-rich domain of residues 170 to 200, and PCAF also acetylated YY1 at the C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domain. Acetylation of the central region was required for the full transcriptional repressor activity of YY1 and targeted YY1 for active deacetylation by HDACs." SIGNOR-268834 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 18758483 t gcesareni "Unexpectedly, however, emerging evidence implicate maml proteins as exciting key transcriptional co-activators in other signal transduction pathways including: muscle differentiation and myopathies (mef2c), tumor suppressor pathway (p53) and colon carcinoma survival (beta-catenin)." SIGNOR-180136 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001544 19261608 t "The Abl kinase inhibitors and depletion of Bcr-Abl induced the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, which dephosphorylated Ser-473 on Akt1, -2, and -3, resulting in inhibited proliferation of CML cells.|Thus, Bcr-Abl represses the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 and continuously activates Akt1, -2, and -3 via phosphorylation on Ser-473, resulting in the proliferation of CML cells." SIGNOR-248732 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22086178 t miannu "Cdc20 is a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C complex), which recruits substrates at particular phases of the cell cycle and mediates their degradation. Overexpression of Cdc20 resulted in decreased levels of both endogenous Sp100 protein and overexpressed Sp100 mRNA in HEK 293 cells. Our results suggested that sp100 is a novel substrate of Cdc20 and it is degraded by the ubiquitination pathway. The intact D-box of Sp100 was necessary for this process." SIGNOR-272725 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser164 STDTVEHsLDNKDGP -1 19531356 t llicata "nutrient-replete oocytes inhibit C2 via S135 phosphorylation catalyzed by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. We now show that C2 phosphorylated at S135 binds 14-3-3zeta, thus preventing C2 dephosphorylation. Moreover, we determined that S135 dephosphorylation is catalyzed by protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), which directly binds C2." SIGNOR-248503 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "prostaglandin F2alpha" smallmolecule CHEBI:15553 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 11751058 t gcesareni "Cox catalyzes two enzymatic activities;namely, the conversion of aa to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide pgg2, followed by its subsequent reduction to the labile product pgh2. Pgh2_ is the common substrate for a number of different cell-specific synthases, which convert pgh2_ to the individual pgs or tx, including pge2, pgi2_ (prostacyclin), pgd2, pgf2alfa, and txa2." SIGNOR-113291 NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24239470 t miannu "The NCOA2 gene encodes a transcriptional coactivator (SRC-2) that modulates gene expression by hormone receptors, including AR. NCOA2 is both amplified and rarely mutated in prostate cancers, with higher NCOA2 levels resulting in increased androgen signaling readout. Furthermore, as mentioned previously, SRC-3, a close homolog encoded by NCOA3, is a substrate of SPOP whose protein levels are increased by SPOP mutation, potentially linking these common point mutations to the androgen axis" SIGNOR-251531 TSPO2 protein Q5TGU0 UNIPROT SLC25A4 protein P12235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 30061676 t miannu "Our results demonstrate the existence of a VDAC-TSPO2-ANT complex that mediates ATP release from RBCs. We previously demonstrated that the translocase protein TSPO2 together with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) were involved in a membrane transport complex in human red blood cells (RBCs). . The present results show that TSPO ligands induce polymerization of VDAC, coupled to activation of ATP release by a supramolecular complex involving VDAC, TSPO2 and ANT." SIGNOR-261825 SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT UPF3B protein Q9BZI7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23925499 f miannu "chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates that SATB2 binds to the UPF3B promoter, and a luciferase reporter assay confirmed that SATB2 expression significantly activates gene transcription using the UPF3B promoter." SIGNOR-255137 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr875 GLITTLHyPAPKRNK 9606 16912036 t Manara "Src family kinases phosphorylate the Bcr-Abl SH3-SH2 region and modulate Bcr-Abl transforming activity. | Tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH3-SH2 region is essential for full Bcr-Abl biological activity." SIGNOR-260816 OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20174559 t lperfetto "Using biochemical experiments we showed that optineurin interacts with the protein kinase TBK1 and the ubiquitin ligase TRAF3. Furthermore, a mutation in optineurin that prevents the interaction with the small protein modifier ubiquitin (D474N) ablated the negative regulatory function of optineurin." SIGNOR-262276 etorphine chemical CHEBI:4912 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258804 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr345 GADSDVEtPSNFGKY 9606 BTO:0000007 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262984 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT STMN3 protein Q9NZ72 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser68 PSDLSPEsPMLSSPP -1 22577147 t lperfetto "Altogether, these results indicate that CDK5 phosphorylates similarly serines 68 and 73, whereas ERK2 targets mostly serine 68 and GSK-3beta mostly serine 60.|This observation may support the hypothesis of a specific localization of stathmin 3 depending on its phosphorylation by GSK-3beta" SIGNOR-264895 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr340 RGQRDSSyYWEIEAS 9606 12551923 t gcesareni "We also show that phosphorylation of raf-1 on serine 338 by pak1 and tyrosines 340 and 341 by src relieves autoinhibition and that this occurs through a specific decrease in the binding of the raf-1 regulatory domain to its catalytic domain." SIGNOR-97635 RPL17 protein P18621 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262482 PLEKHG1 protein Q9ULL1 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260563 GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "Gelsolin is an actin binding protein that severs and caps the barbed-end actin filaments to prevent actin monomer exchange upon intracellular calcium increase in the initial step." SIGNOR-261835 PPM1K protein Q8N3J5 UNIPROT BCKDHA protein P12694 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser337 TYRIGHHsTSDDSSA 10090 19411760 t "BCKD is inhibited by phosphorylation of its E1alpha subunit at Ser293, which is catalyzed by BCKD kinase. During BCAA excess, phosphorylated Ser293 (pSer293) becomes dephosphorylated through the concerted inhibition of BCKD kinase and the activity of an unknown intramitochondrial phosphatase. Using unbiased, proteomic approaches, we have found that a mitochondrial-targeted phosphatase, PP2Cm, specifically binds the BCKD complex and induces dephosphorylation of Ser293 in the presence of BCKD substrates" SIGNOR-248758 ARID5B protein Q14865 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29326336 f miannu "We also observed that ARID5B regulates the expression of four major components of the TAL1 complex (namely, TAL1,GATA3, RUNX1, and MYB) in Jurkat cells. Knockdown of ARID5B resulted in reductions of the H3K27ac signals at those enhancer loci (Supplemental Fig. S6E–H) and down-regulation of all four factors at the mRNA (Fig. 6E) and protein levels (Fig. 6F)." SIGNOR-256158 GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21310273 t miannu "GFPT1 catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamine onto fructose-6-phosphate, yielding glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) and glutamate. This transamidase reaction has been identified as the first and rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is the obligatory source of essential amino sugars for the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans" SIGNOR-267818 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr703 DHAEAALyKNLLHSK 9606 10377264 t miannu "Identification of tyr-703 and tyr-936 as autophosphorylation sites in c-kit/scfr" SIGNOR-68643 FST protein P19883 UNIPROT INHBA protein P08476 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0005787 24627466 t lperfetto "Follistatin (FST) is a member of the tissue growth factor β family and is a secreted glycoprotein that antagonizes many members of the family, including activin A, growth differentiation factor 11, and myostatin. |FST315-ΔHBS-Fc induced improvements in muscle repair after injury/atrophy by modulating the early inflammatory phase allowing for increased macrophage density, and Pax7-positive cells leading to an accelerated restoration of myofibers and muscle function." SIGNOR-251715 SLC9A3 protein P48764 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265602 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 SRSGLYRsPSMPENL 9606 BTO:0000150 20530684 t lperfetto "The cyclin e/cdk2 complex phosphorylates cdc25c on ser(214), leading to its premature activation, which coincides with higher cyclin b/cdk1 and polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) activities in an s-phase-enriched population that result in faster mitotic entry." SIGNOR-216721 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr463 NDTGSRYyKEIPLSE 9606 12637538 t lperfetto "Here we report that PKD is tyrosine-phosphorylated within the PH domain, leading to activation. This phosphorylation is mediated by a pathway that consists of the Src and Abl tyrosine kinases and occurs in response to stimulation with pervanadate and oxidative stress. Mutational analysis revealed three tyrosine phosphorylation sites (Tyr(432), Tyr(463), and Tyr(502)), which are regulated by the Src-Abl pathway, and phosphorylation of only one of these (Tyr(463)) leads to PKD activation." SIGNOR-247324 WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 20159598 f "Hippo pathway" Gianni "These results shed light on the mechanism of Ex and Mer function and implicate Kibra as a potential tumor suppressor with relevance to neurofibromatosis." SIGNOR-269951 PDK3 protein Q15120 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser300 SMSDPGVsYRTREEI -1 11486000 t lperfetto "Activity of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (e1) component. Phosphorylation is carried out by four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (pdk) isoenzymes." SIGNOR-109651 PDK4 protein Q16654 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser293 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS -1 7782287 t gcesareni "Mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase (?2_2) (e1) is regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, catalyzed by the e1-kinase and the phospho-e1-phosphatase." SIGNOR-33197 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257654 N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:143788 ChEBI N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:147286 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The second enzyme in the DNPB pathway is trifunc tional GART (TGART), whose domains and activities include: glycinamide ribonucleotide synthase (GARS) that catalyzes the ATP-dependent process that uses 5- PRA and Gly to make glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR); glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART) that transfers the formyl group of N10-formyltetrahydrofolate to GAR, generating formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR); and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthase (AIRS) that converts formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) to aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268102 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 9155018 t "These results indicate that MNK1 is a novel class of protein kinase that is activated through both the ERK and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways" SIGNOR-253012 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 TYVNNSPsPGFNSSH 9606 19237534 t lperfetto "We previously established that phosphorylation of lsf in early g1 at ser-291 and ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in g1 is required for its reactivation. At the peak activities of erk and cyclin c/cdk2 in early g1, lsf is efficiently phosphorylated on ser-291 and ser-309." SIGNOR-184168 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ANXA2 protein P07355 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2 sTVHEILC -1 8898866 t lperfetto "A comparison of the phosphorylation patterns obtained identified Ser-II as the protein kinase C site responsible for regulating the annexin II-p11 interaction. Ser-II lies within the sequence mediating p11 binding, i.e. amino-acid residues 1 to 14 of annexin II, and phosphorylation at this site most likely leads to a direct spatial interference with p11 binding." SIGNOR-248956 FABP3 protein P05413 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264457 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT CYBB protein P04839 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10734088 t "These results suggest that GATA-1 is an activator and that GATA-2 is a relative competitive inhibitor of GATA-1 in the expression of the gp91(phox) gene in human eosinophils." SIGNOR-259948 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser645 LTVERMVsPIESAED BTO:0000007 7877986 t llicata "In this study, CaM-kinase II enhanced kainate currents of expressed glutamate receptor 6 in 293 cells and of wild-type glutamate receptor 1, but not the Ser-627 to Ala mutant, in Xenopus oocytes. | This CaM-kinase II regulatory phosphorylation site is conserved in all AMPA/kainate-type glutamate receptors, and its phosphorylation may be important in enhancing postsynaptic responsiveness as occurs during synaptic plasticity." SIGNOR-250697 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI GLRA3 protein O75311 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001175;BTO:0001279;BTO:0000146 18721822 t miannu "The glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyR), a member of the pentameric Cys-loop ion channel receptor family, mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord, brainstem and retina." SIGNOR-264982 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11470830 t miannu "In brain, dystroglycan and dystrophin are expressed on neurons and astrocytes, and some muscular dystrophies cause cognitive dysfunction. Our data indicate that dystroglycan is a physiological ligand for neurexins and that neurexins' tightly regulated interaction could mediate cell adhesion between brain cells. these results suggest that α- and β-neurexins represent ligands for dystroglycan via interactions of their LNS domains, analogous to interaction of the LNS-domain in laminin, agrin, and perlecan with dystroglycan." SIGNOR-265446 sumatriptan chemical CHEBI:10650 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000567 10193663 t Luana "This study has demonstrated that the 5-HT receptor binding profile of eletriptan is qualitatively similar to the binding profile of sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan and rizatriptan. As expected these compounds demonstrated high affinity for the human 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors which is consistent with their known vasoconstrictor properties in isolated vascular tissues " SIGNOR-258340 "Shelterin complex" complex SIGNOR-C306 SIGNOR ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 18680434 t lperfetto "It is not yet clear how the presence of TRF2 at telomeres averts the activation of the ATM kinase.> In this regard, overexpression of TRF2can dampen the activation of the ATM kinase, even at nontelomeric sites of DNA damage (95). Furthermore, TRF2 can interact with the ATM kinase as well as with the Mre11 complex" SIGNOR-263322 PHB2 protein Q99623 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165 BTO:0000887 15173318 t lperfetto "Phb2 interacts with both myod and mef2, and represses both myod- and mef2-dependent gene transcription. Furthermore, binding of phb2 to both myod and mef2 significantly decreases upon myogenic differentiation." SIGNOR-235840 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GJA5 protein P36382 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser345 HSDKRRLsKASSKAR 9606 BTO:0003477 10728420 t miannu "Gap junction channels formed of Cx40 are modulated by protein-kinase-A-mediated phosphorylation. Macroscopic conductance and permeability of Cx40 gap junctions is strongly increased by cAMP. two serine residues that can be phosphorylated by PKA, S120 and S345" SIGNOR-249982 OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr203 HQHYYYDtHTNTYYL 9606 16669787 t miannu "We have identified three residues in nkcc1 (thr175/thr179/thr184 in shark or thr203/thr207/thr212 in human) that are phosphorylated by spak and osr1 / exposure of hek-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells to osmotic stress, which leads to phosphorylation and activation of nkcc1, increased phosphorylation of nkcc1 at the sites targeted by spak/osr1" SIGNOR-146513 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT DAPP1 protein Q9UN19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr139 KVEEPSIyESVRVHT BTO:0000776 10880360 t lperfetto "Src family kinases mediate receptor-stimulated, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent, tyrosine phosphorylation of dual adaptor for phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides-1 in endothelial and B cell lines|yrosine phosphorylation of DAPP-1 appears important for appropriate intracellular targeting and creates a potential binding site for Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins." SIGNOR-249378 GADL1 protein Q6ZQY3 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22718265 t miannu "Animal glutamate decarboxylase (GDC), aspartate decarboxylase (ADC, also called aspartate Œ±-decarboxylase or aspartate 1-decarboxylase) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSADC) catalyze the decarboxylation of Œ±-carboxyl group of glutamate, aspartate and cysteine sulfinic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Œ≤-alanine and hypotaurine, respectively; these amine products play important role in living organisms." SIGNOR-267545 methysergide chemical CHEBI:584020 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9205951 t miannu "The actions of several serotonergic ligands in use or under development for the treatment of migraine headaches were examined at recombinant human 5-HT1A receptors stably expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Of the prophylactic antimigraine drugs tested, methysergide and lisuride behaved as efficacious agonists (Emax > or = 90% relative to 5-HT) whereas pitozifen and (-)propranolol acted as a partial agonist (60%) and an antagonist, respectively." SIGNOR-258616 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr731 PYDTLHIyGYEGSES 10029 BTO:0000246 16027153 t lperfetto "cadherins also act to prevent epithelial cell motilityCadherin-cytoskeletal interactions occur through a number of adaptor proteins that interact with the C-terminal portion of the cadherin cytoplasmic tail, including the _-, _-, and _-catenin (6, 10). Additionally, VE-cadherin stability at the plasma membrane may be regulated by the binding of p120-catenin to the juxtamembrane region of the cytoplasmic tailWe show here that tyrosine phosphorylation of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin at two critical tyrosines, Tyr-658 and Tyr-731, via tyrosine kinase activation or phosphatase inactivation was sufficient to prevent the binding of p120- and beta-catenin, respectively, to the cytoplasmic tail of VE-cadherinVE-cadherin becomes phosphorylated on Tyr-658 and/or Tyr-731 in response to Src kinase activity." SIGNOR-246466 RAB2A protein P61019 UNIPROT TRIP11 protein Q15643 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25473115 t Sara "Vesicle-associated Rab2 then mediates attachment to the Rab2 binding site within the central coiled-coil region of GMAP-210, bringing the vesicle into closer proximity to the target membrane. GMAP-210 function in vivo is dependent upon its ability to tether membranes, which is mediated exclusively by the amino-terminal ALPS motif. Binding to Rab2 is also important for GMAP-210 function, although it is dispensable for tethering per se." SIGNOR-261300 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 7824938 t gcesareni "Activating transcription factor-2 (atf2) was found to be a target of the jnk signal transduction pathway. Atf2 was phosphorylated by jnk on two closely spaced threonine residues within the nh2-terminal activation domain." SIGNOR-33918 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 11356985 t gcesareni "Other major aspects of par-2 are highlighted, in particular the ability of several serine protease enzymes, in addition to trypsin, to function as activators of par-2." SIGNOR-108183 RNF167 protein Q9H6Y7 UNIPROT VAMP3 protein Q15836 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys77 KYWWKNCkMWAIGIT 9606 BTO:0000007 23353890 t miannu "Here, we show that Godzilla/RNF167 regulates endosome recycling by the ubiquitylation of VAMP3 on Lys66, Lys68 and Lys77; namely, two adjacent Lys residues on the both sides of the critical interface of SNARE complex are ubiquitylated. In agreement with VAMP3 being a target for Goliath family ubiquitin ligases, we show that recycling endosome trafficking is abrogated in response to their activity. While we observed ubiquitylation of VAMP3 by Godzilla, we are unable to describe the nature of this ubiquitination, be it mono-ubiquitin or extended ubiquitin chains." SIGNOR-272095 ARHGAP26 protein Q9UNA1 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260481 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23431138 t miannu "As expected, the SKP1 and CUL1 proteins, subunits of all F-box-containing E3 ligases, were also present in the immune complexes containing FBXO10 and BCL2. To test for FBXO10-induced ubiquitination of BCL2, 293T cells were transduced with retroviral vectors expressing Flag-tagged FBXO10, MYC-tagged BCL2, and HA-tagged ubiquitin, and cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 to enhance the detection of ubiquitinated proteins.Together, these data suggest that FBXO10 is a component of a ubiquitin ligase that can target BCL2 protein for degradation." SIGNOR-271934 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 10116 21892142 t lperfetto "AMPK has also been suggested to phosphorylate the glucose-sensitive transcription factor ChREBP89 which dictates expression of an overlapping lipogenic gene signature with Srebp1" SIGNOR-216561 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR IRF2BPL protein Q9H1B7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271003 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 30093655 t "ATRA inhibits leukemia, breast, and liver cancer by targeting isomerase Pin1, a master regulator of oncogenic signaling networks." SIGNOR-259925 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11101851 t gcesareni "Maml1 binds to the ankyrin repeat domain of all four mammalian notch receptors, forms a dna-binding complex with icn and rbp-jkappa, and amplifies notch-induced transcription of hes0" SIGNOR-84919 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser852 SYKVRFNsVSSYSDS -1 10400690 t llicata "It was found that purified recombinant nNOS was phosphorylated by CaM-K Ialpha, CaM-K IIalpha, and CaM-K IV at Ser847 in vitro. Replacement of Ser847 with Ala (S847A) prevented phosphorylation by CaM kinases. Phosphorylated recombinant wild-type nNOS at Ser847 (approximately 0.5 mol of phosphate incorporation into nNOS) exhibited a 30% decrease of Vmax with little change of both the Km for L-arginine and Kact for CaM relative to unphosphorylated enzyme. The activity of mutant S847D was decreased to a level 50-60% as much as the wild-type enzyme. The decreased NOS enzyme activity of phosphorylated nNOS at Ser847 and mutant S847D was partially due to suppression of CaM binding, but not to impairment of dimer formation which is thought to be essential for enzyme activation." SIGNOR-250614 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 phosphorylation:Ser62 LLPTPPLsPSRRSGL 15103331 t lperfetto "We now show that the F-box protein Fbw7 interacts with and thereby destabilizes c-Myc in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of MB1" SIGNOR-249638 CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23416275 t fstefani "We propose that p14(arf) increases the binding of p53-mdm2 complexes to chromatin, thereby limiting the access of protein deacetylases to p53." SIGNOR-192697 NRXN2 protein P58401 UNIPROT DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22626542 t miannu "The DGC is potentially recruited to the postsynaptic membrane though a direct neurexin–dystroglycan interaction and an indirect interaction with NL2 via the synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM." SIGNOR-265461 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT ANKH protein Q9HCJ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004473 19049325 f miannu "FGF2 increases PC-1 and Ank expression while inhibiting Tnap expression in primary pre-osteoblast cells. Additionally, we show that the induction of PC-1 by FGF2 is cell type specific and mediated by the transcription factor, Runx2." SIGNOR-252193 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11559745 t lperfetto "P300/cbp proteins: hats for transcriptional bridges and scaffolds" SIGNOR-110559 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002195 27858941 t miannu "In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with IFN-γ, DAB2IP directly binds to JAK2 and inhibits its kinase activity, limiting JAK-dependent STAT1/3 and PI3K–AKT phosphorylation and activation" SIGNOR-254760 PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" isomerization 9606 phosphorylation:Ser416;Ser497;Thr345 GFPSKTDsPSCEYSR;GSLCSVFsPSFVQWE;GADSDVEtPSNFGKY 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-263015 bethanechol chemical CHEBI:3084 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258624 APOBEC3D protein Q96AK3 UNIPROT "Clearance_of_foreign intracellular_DNA" phenotype SIGNOR-PH132 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29367246 f lperfetto "The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, or A3) family of interferon-inducible cytidine deaminases functions as antiviral restriction factors (reviewed in reference 15). Humans express seven A3 family members: A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H (16, 17). A3A is notable in that it specifically targets and restricts foreign DNA elements. A3A binds to single-stranded DNA with a high affinity (18), mediates the catabolism of foreign DNA (19), and restricts infection of several DNA viruses, including HPV (20,–24)." SIGNOR-261328 ITGAE protein P38570 UNIPROT "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253291 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257697 Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27920254 f miannu "Stress granules (SGs) are large macromolecular aggregates that contain translation initiation complexes and mRNAs. Stress granule formation coincides with translational repression, and stress granules actively signal to mediate cell fate decisions by signaling to the translation apparatus to (i) maintain translational repression, (ii) mount various transcriptional responses, including innate immunity, and (iii) repress apoptosis." SIGNOR-260867 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 17673906 f lperfetto "We report that upon TGF__ stimulation, the activated TGF__ type I receptor (T_RI) recruits and directly phosphorylates ShcA proteins on tyrosine and serine. This dual phosphorylation results from an intrinsic T_RI tyrosine kinase activity that complements its well_defined serine_threonine kinase function. TGF___induced ShcA phosphorylation induces ShcA association with Grb2 and Sos, thereby initiating the well_characterised pathway linking receptor tyrosine kinases with Erk MAP kinases." SIGNOR-242631 sapropterin smallmolecule CHEBI:59560 ChEBI GCHFR protein P30047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 11361142 t miannu "The enzyme activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I is controlled by a regulatory protein for this enzyme, GFRP, which is a pentamer of identical subunits. GFRP mediates feedback inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity by BH4, and the inhibition by BH4 is reversed by phenylalanine" SIGNOR-252204 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr234 AQPEQDEyDIPRHLL 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246397 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr152 ISEDIKSyYTVRQLE -1 11506178 t "Tyrosine residues 66, 152 and/or 153 of PTP1B are phosphorylated by the activated insulin receptor and are also necessary for formation of the PTP1B:insulin receptor complex| Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of PTP1B by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase increases the catalytic activity of PTP1B|These results suggest that PTP1B can dephosphorylate itself under in vitro conditions." SIGNOR-248424 SNRPD3 protein P62318 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270637 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser288 QKSGQDVsQAQRQIK 9606 BTO:0000130 17217339 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the cytosolic factor p47phox is essential for activation of the nadph oxidase.We found that thr133, ser288 and thr356, targets for irak-4 phosphorylation in vitro, are also phosphorylated in endogenous p47phox after lps stimulation. We conclude that irak-4 phosphorylates p47phox and regulates nadph oxidase activation after lps stimulation." SIGNOR-152011 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser373 FEVSFLDsPGAQAQA 10116 15678101 t Giulio "The pS376 antibody gave the strongest staining when Golgi apparatus fragmentation is initiated during prophase and in metaphase when it has become converted into a haze of small vesicles and some larger tubulovesicular remnants (Figure 4A). Therefore, GRASP65, like GM130, is phosphorylated in mitotic entry on Cdk1–cyclin B sites during the period when the Golgi apparatus is fragmented." SIGNOR-260606 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT EPB41L3 protein Q9Y2J2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20860828 f miannu "EPB41L3 downregulation and EPB41L4B upregulation were essentially restricted to the 22 cases with ERG overexpression." SIGNOR-253918 ITLN1 protein Q8WWA0 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 35186726 f "ITLN1 increases Akt phosphorylation in adipocytes, osteoblasts, and mesenchymal cells. |n mesenchymal stem cells, ITLN1 also leads to Akt-mediated proliferation, resistance to oxidative stress, and secretion of proangiogenic factors" SIGNOR-272499 SEH1L protein Q96EE3 UNIPROT GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23723239 t miannu "Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5" SIGNOR-255304 CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements. PER and CRY proteins form heterodimers and suppress the activity of the BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) completing the feedback loop." SIGNOR-267975 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT AKR1C2 protein P52895 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255498 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SDC2 protein P34741 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser187 DLGERKPsSAAYQKA -1 9244383 t lperfetto "We investigated phosphorylation of syndecan-2 cytoplasmic domain by PKC | Peptide mapping and substitution studies showed that both serines were phosphoacceptors, but each had slightly different affinity, with that of serine-197 being higher than serine-198." SIGNOR-248973 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 RRGRATDsLPGKFED 9606 BTO:0000007 15234964 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Mnk1 by caspase-activated Pak2/gamma-PAK inhibits phosphorylation and interaction of eIF4G with Mnk. When 293T cells are subjected to apoptotic induction by hydrogen peroxide, Mnk1 is phosphorylated at both Thr(22) and Ser(27). These results indicate a role for Pak2 in the down-regulation of translation initiation in apoptosis by phosphorylation of Mnk1." SIGNOR-250221 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 15849194 t "Ser112 corresponds to EIRSRHSsYPAGTED" lperfetto "Raf-1 protects cells from apoptosis, independently of its signals to MEK and ERK, by translocating to the mitochondria where it binds Bcl-2 and displaces BAD|Upon phosphorylation by Pak1, Raf-1 translocates to mitochondria and phosphorylates BAD at Ser-112." SIGNOR-81165 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asp390 LPQLTLPdSLTSAAS 9606 11815631 t Giulio "Together, our results strongly suggest GRASP65 is a specific substrate for caspase-3.|This suggests that GRASP65 cleavage is required for fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon during apoptosis.| we analyzed the sequence in this region and identified three potential cleavage sites as SLLD320S, SFPD375S, and TLPD393G|mutation of all three aspartic acid residues completely blocked cleavage" SIGNOR-260604 "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 18985065 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FANCD2 and Fanconi anemia core components (broken pink circles) affects the efficiency of, but is not essential for, ID ubiquitination by the FA core complex, together with E1 and UBE2T. Analogously, ubiquitination of FANCD2 (solid orange ovals) is essential for DNA repair, activating the ID complex for chromatin binding" SIGNOR-263265 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Met) smallmolecule CHEBI:29173 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269491 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265813 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1766 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248745 ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT SPTBN1 protein Q01082 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17620337 t miannu "Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial cells and early embryos. Ankyrin-G also recruits beta-2-spectrin to E-cadherin-beta-catenin complexes, thus providing a direct connection between E-cadherin and the spectrin/actin skeleton." SIGNOR-266711 WDCP protein Q9H6R7 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30297404 t miannu "PLK1 Phosphorylates MMAP to Promote Its Interaction with KIF2A and MRE11. " SIGNOR-273733 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1201 IPTLNRMsFSSNLNH 10116 7907095 t miannu "We have isolated and purified from rat livers a novel kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates the carboxylase Ser1200 isphosphorylated by both CAMP-dependent protein kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase" SIGNOR-250400 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT KNL1 protein Q8NG31 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser24 RPVRRRHsSILKPPR 9606 20471944 t lperfetto "To determine whether the combinatorial regulation of the kmn network by aurora b observed in vitro is critical to controlling kinetochore-microtubule attachments in vivo, we next investigated the effect of the phosphomimetic (to aspartate) and nonphosphorylatable (to alanine) mutants of dsn1, knl1, and ndc80 in vertebrate cells. We predicted that both types of mutations in critical phosphorylation sites would affect chromosome segregation, since preventing the inactivation of inappropriately attached kinetochores by aurora b (in the nonphosphorylatable mutant) or constitutively inactivating this attachment (in the phosphomimetic mutant)." SIGNOR-165502 MRPL18 protein Q9H0U6 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262376 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser444 PLSLSAQsVMEELNT 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204740 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 GRRGRLPsKPKSPLQ 9606 BTO:0000007 16223362 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of Nur77 on Ser354 has been suggested to reduce ability of Nur77 to bind DNA; however, the kinase responsible for this phosphorylation in cells has not been clearly established. In the present study, we show that Nur77 is phosphorylated on this site by RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase)" SIGNOR-252771 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser205 LATPPTLsSTVLIVR 9606 BTO:0001938 12815053 t lperfetto "M phase-specific phosphorylation of brca2 by polo-like kinase 1 correlates with the dissociation of the brca2-p/caf complex.Plk1 interacts with brca2 in vivo, and mutation of ser193, ser205/206, and thr203/207 to ala in br-n1 abolished plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that brca2 is the substrate of plk1" SIGNOR-102490 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 29207681 t miannu "JMJD2C as a novel substrate for caspase-3 (cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3), and cleavage of JMJD2C by caspase-3 led to inactivation of JMJD2C demethylase activity and elevation of H3K9 methylation levels." SIGNOR-263870 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser371 AHSSHLKsKKGQSTS 9606 9315650 t llicata "The cdk7-cych-p36 complex of transcription factor iih phosphorylates p53, enhancing its sequence-specific dna binding activity in vitro.  serines 371, 376, 378, and 392 may be the potential sites for this kinase." SIGNOR-269327 HAX1 protein O00165 UNIPROT ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18971376 t lperfetto "The anti-apoptotic protein HAX-1 interacts with SERCA2 and regulates its protein levels to promote cell survival.|Importantly, HAX-1 overexpression was associated with down-regulation of SERCA2 expression levels, resulting in significant reduction of apparent ER Ca(2+) levels." SIGNOR-262052 CNOT6L protein Q96LI5 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268311 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 9601631 f Luana "Signalling through activated Notch is known both to control multiple cell fate determinations (in both invertebrates and vertebrates) and to inhibit developmental processes, such as neurogenesis" SIGNOR-265769 POU3F2 protein P20265 UNIPROT GNRH1 protein P01148 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11875100 f miannu "Functional studies demonstrated that Brn-2 increased promoter activity of the human and mouse GnRH genes." SIGNOR-254928 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t lperfetto "Once released from associated repressors, MEF2 is bound by the p300 coactivator, which possesses histone acetyltransferase activity. Thus, the net result of CaMK signaling to MEF2 complexes is increased histone acetylation (Ac), which relaxes chromatin and stimulates MEF2 target gene transcription." SIGNOR-232162 "EBV gH:gL:gp42" complex SIGNOR-C403 SIGNOR HLA-DRB1 protein P01911 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 8764069 t scontino "In EBV, the gH and gL proteins form a stable complex with a third glycoprotein, termed gp42, the product of the BZLF2 open reading frame, that appears to play a role in the infection of specific cells by EBV. The extracellular domain of BZLF2 binds specifically to a b-chain allele of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II HLA-DR locus" SIGNOR-266629 DRD1 protein P21728 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257181 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser232 LTQLPQQsQANLLQS 9606 9368058 t lperfetto "Through a similar strategy, t226 and s232 were characterized as the dna-pk phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-53258 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "A novel multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib (Figure 1), inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, that play key roles in angiogenesis, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (TIE2) and the mutant oncogenic kinase KIT, RET, B-RAF" SIGNOR-259179 RPL10L protein Q96L21 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262500 FFAR2 protein O15552 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257188 CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31591562 t miannu "CRBN functions as a substrate receptor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4, whose substrate specificity is modulated by thalidomide and its analogs.When thalidomide binds to CRBN, substrate specificity of CRL4CRBN is altered and CRBN neomorphically binds to ∆Np63, TAp63 and other neosubstrates and ubiquitinates them for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-272214 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT PRODH protein O43272 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22615405 f miannu "MYC not only inhibited POX/PRODH, but also markedly increased the enzymes of proline biosynthesis from glutamine, including P5C synthase and P5C reductase 1." SIGNOR-254608 CPM protein P14384 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Tyr141 STVLTSKyR -1 8635221 t miannu "Both human plasma carboxypeptidase N (CPN) and membrane-bound carboxypeptidase M (CPM) released the C-terminal arginine (alpha-Arg141) of the alpha chain of human adult hemoglobin. Thus, the hydrolysis of hemoglobin by CPM and CPN demonstrated the contribution of the alpha-Arg141 residue to sustaining the tetrameric structure of hemoglobin and its normal oxygen affinity and vasoactivity." SIGNOR-256507 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Akt inactivates protein degradation by phosphorylating and thus repressing the transcription factors of the foxo family, and stimulates protein synthesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (gsk3b)." SIGNOR-175288 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT INSM1 protein Q01101 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 17300785 f miannu "The ngn3/E47 heterodimer selectively binds and activates the E-box3 of the INSM1 promoter. The endogenous ngn3 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) co-activator occupy the INSM1 promoter, resulting in hyper-acetylation of histone H3/H4 chromatin in a human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32." SIGNOR-253813 SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265591 HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT ADAMTS13 protein Q76LX8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 15367436 f "Regulation of binding" miannu "Incubation of hemoglobin, recombinant and from lysed erythrocytes, with normal plasma revealed an ADAMTS13 inhibitory effect at hemoglobin concentrations of 2 g/L or higher." SIGNOR-251749 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116788 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1920 SPTYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269335 GYPB protein P06028 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266021 YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001023 17072343 f miannu "YB-1 knockdown by siRNA upregulated 344 genes, including MDR1, thymidylate synthetase, S100 calcium binding protein and cyclin B, and downregulated 534 genes, including CXCR4, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, E-cadherin and phospholipase C." SIGNOR-255613 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser111 PHLSPSLsPLGGQAA 9606 22196886 t lperfetto "Here, we show that ikk_, an important downstream kinase of tnf_, interacts with and phosphorylates foxa2 at s107/s111, thereby suppressing foxa2 transactivation activity and leading to decreased numb expression" SIGNOR-195316 TNFAIP3 protein P21580 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 15258597 t "The amino-terminal domain of A20, which is a de-ubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme of the OTU (ovarian tumour) family, removes lysine-63 (K63)-linked ubiquitin chains from receptor interacting protein (RIP), an essential mediator of the proximal TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signalling complex. The carboxy-terminal domain of A20, composed of seven C2/C2 zinc fingers, then functions as a ubiquitin ligase by polyubiquitinating RIP with K48-linked ubiquitin chains, thereby targeting RIP for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-259978 UGP2 protein Q16851 UNIPROT UTP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:46398 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 8631325 t miannu "UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.9) catalyses the interconversion of MgUTP plus Glc1P and UDP-Glc plus MgPPi." SIGNOR-267927 DUSP22 protein Q9NRW4 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 17384676 t "These results strongly suggest that DUSP22 acts as a negative regulator of the ERalpha-mediated signaling pathway|whereas E2-induced phosphorylation and activation of ERalpha was suppressed by overexpression of DUSP22 but not catalytically inactive mutants." SIGNOR-248827 GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257136 minoxidil chemical CHEBI:6942 ChEBI PLOD1 protein Q02809 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000763 30481795 t Monia "treatment with minoxidil repressed the expression of the PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3 genes and their encoded LH proteins, it exerted the most profound effects on PLOD1/LH1," SIGNOR-261071 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22649780 t gcesareni "The CUL4 family employs the structurally distinct triple WD40 ²-propeller domain-containing DDB1 adaptor to recruit members of the DDB1€“CUL4 associated factors (DCAF) family of substrate receptors" SIGNOR-234799 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12050114 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Tob is rapidly phosphorylated at Ser 152, Ser 154, and Ser 164 by Erk1 and Erk2 upon growth-factor stimulation." SIGNOR-270123 PTBP2 protein Q9UKA9 UNIPROT KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11003644 t lperfetto "Splicing of the c-src N1 exon in neuronal cells depends in part on an intronic cluster of RNA regulatory elements called the downstream control sequence (DCS). |nPTB binds more stably to the DCS RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. nPTB also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, hnRNP H and KSRP, to the DCS RNA." SIGNOR-261268 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr491 PQQRNALtPTTIPDG 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180755 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr421 RLPSSPVyEDAASFK -1 15169891 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylation and a mimicking S405,418D double mutation enhanced cortactin binding and activation of N-WASP. In contrast, Src phosphorylation inhibited the ability of cortactin previously phosphorylated by Erk, and that of S405,418D double mutant cortactin, to bind and activate N-WASP. Furthermore, Y-->D mutation of three tyrosine residues targeted by Src (Y421, Y466, and Y482) inhibited the ability of S405,418D cortactin to activate N-WASP." SIGNOR-246513 6 protein P0DTC6 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 32529952 f miannu "Orf6 of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were able to inhibit type I (IFNα2 and IFNβ) and type III (IFNλ1 and IFNλ2/3) interferons secretion into cell culture supernatant upon Sendai virus infection (Figure 2(I–L)).Interferon beta luciferase assay showed that orf6 of both viruses were able to effectively inhibit RIG-I induced interferon production (Figure 2(B)). These altogether supported the notion that SARS-CoV-2 is a potent interferon antagonist." SIGNOR-262516 6 protein P59634 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 32529952 f miannu "Orf6 of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were able to inhibit type I (IFNα2 and IFNβ) and type III (IFNλ1 and IFNλ2/3) interferons secretion into cell culture supernatant upon Sendai virus infection (Figure 2(I–L)).Interferon beta luciferase assay showed that orf6 of both viruses were able to effectively inhibit RIG-I induced interferon production (Figure 2(B)). These altogether supported the notion that SARS-CoV-2 is a potent interferon antagonist." SIGNOR-262517 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BFAR protein Q9NZS9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270983 MT-ATP8 protein P03928 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261406 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 LEAGDLEsPLSEEFL 9606 BTO:0000599 10187842 t lperfetto "We now demonstrate that amino acids 1-92 of hPPARalpha contain an activation function (AF)-1-like domain, which is further activated by insulin through a pathway involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 and p44. Further analysis of the amino-terminal region of PPARalpha revealed that the insulin-induced trans-activation occurs through the phosphorylation of two mitogen-activated protein kinase sites at positions 12 and 21, both of which are conserved across evolution." SIGNOR-249474 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser102 LQTVIRTsPSSLVAF 26190112 t "Activation of AMPK reduces GLI1 protein levels and stability, thus blocking Sonic-hedgehog-induced transcriptional activity. AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency." SIGNOR-253542 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000812 18719363 f miannu "MTA1 overexpression resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin and MTA3 expression and enhanced expression of the transcriptional repressors SNAIL and SLUG." SIGNOR-254597 LIMS1 protein P48059 UNIPROT "IPP complex" complex SIGNOR-C380 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16493410 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin form a ternary complex (the IPP complex) that binds to ECM-ligated integrins. This complex regulates signalling pathways and connects the ECM with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-265763 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MKRN2 protein Q9H000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271220 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 12747827 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in response to insulin, egf and pdgf. Phosphorylation at thr-37, thr-46, ser-65 and thr-70, corresponding to the hyperphosphorylated form, is regulated by mtorc1 and abolishes binding to eif4e." SIGNOR-236698 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ZC3HC1 protein Q86WB0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser395 PGLEVPSsPLRKAKR 9606 SIGNOR-C17 17389604 t gcesareni "Moreover, we found cyclin b1/cdk1 to phosphorylate nipa at ser-395 in mitosis. Mutation of both ser-359 and ser-395 impaired effective inactivation of the scfnipa complex, resulting in reduced levels of mitotic cyclin b1" SIGNOR-154047 Starvation stimulus SIGNOR-ST4 SIGNOR AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001760 20810907 f lperfetto "L6 myotubes were incubated in serum-containing or serum-free medium for 3 h. Levels of phosphorylated AMPK, Akt, and ATM were greater in serum-starved cells than in control cells." SIGNOR-209894 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT ARG1 protein P05089 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 20711410 f miannu "The regulation of arginase expression following androgen stimulation was dependent on the androgen receptor (AR), as a siRNA treatment targeting the AR inhibited both ARG1 and ARG2 overexpression." SIGNOR-253738 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1931 SPTSPTYsPTSPKGS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176833 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 23252402 t gcesareni "Although the interaction between notch1 and mdm2 results in ubiquitination of notch1, this does not result in degradation of notch1, but instead leads to activation of the intracellular domain of notch1." SIGNOR-200197 POLR2L protein P62875 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266171 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr398 QSHVEDLyVEGLPEG 9534 11373296 t lperfetto "These residues, tyr248, tyr357, and tyr462, were also found to be the major sites for btk-dependent phosphorylation of bap/tfii-i in vivo. Residues tyr357 and tyr462 are contained within the loop regions of adjacent helix-loop-helix-like repeats within bap/tfii-i. Mutation of either tyr248, tyr357, or tyr462 to phenylalanine reduced transcription from a c-fos promoter relative to wild-type bap/tfii-i in transfected cos-7 cells, consistent with the interpretation that phosphorylation at these sites contributes to transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-108342 YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT down-regulates -1 10092600 f lperfetto "14-3-3tau strongly down-regulates pkcmu kinase activity in vitro" SIGNOR-65951 POLR2E protein P19388 UNIPROT "PAQosome co-chaperone complex" complex SIGNOR-C516 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484152 t miannu "The PAQosome (Particle for Arrangement of Quaternary structure) is a large multisubunit chaperone complex that is essential for the assembly and stabilization of other macromolecular complexes. It also interacts with several chaperones including Hsp90, Hsp70, and CCT. The PAQosome is comprised of the R2TP complex, the URI1 prefoldin complex (also known as the non-canonical prefoldin-like complex), the RNA polymerase subunit RPB5, and the WD40 repeat protein WDR92. " SIGNOR-270923 HCRT protein O43612 UNIPROT HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9491897 t gcesareni "Identification and initial biological characterization of two orexins as well as their two receptors" SIGNOR-55848 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268710 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21892142 t gcesareni "Another recently described set of transcriptional regulators targeted by ampk and its related family members across a range of eukaryotes are the class iia family of histone deacetylases (hdacs)" SIGNOR-176479 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15694340 t lperfetto "Only bimbh3 and bbc3 had comparable strong affinities for all the prosurvival proteins. The members that promote cell survival, including mammalian bcl-2, bcl-xl,bcl-w, mcl-1, and a1.Puma promotes bax translocation by both by directly interacting with bax and by competitive binding to bcl-x(l) in uv-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-133811 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser126 RKETSARsLGSPLLH 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262715 HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257100 NEU1 protein Q99519 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0003554 32164705 f miannu "Our data showed that NEU1 inhibited cancer cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor formation both in vitro and in vivo, by disrupting interaction of FN and integrin β1 and inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway." SIGNOR-260657 risperidone chemical CHEBI:8871 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258527 cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI pregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:16581 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) assists in the transport of cholesterol from the cytosol to the inner mitochondria membrane to be converted into pregnenolone using the P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) enzyme." SIGNOR-268629 MYLK2 protein Q9H1R3 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr80 NEPHESRtNSDIVET 9606 BTO:0000007 21556048 t llicata "Here, we show that phosphorylation of MEF2C on T(80) by skeletal myosin light chain kinase (skMLCK) enhances skeletal and not cardiac myogenesis." SIGNOR-238118 PRDM14 protein Q9GZV8 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 31583686 f SimoneGraziosi "SOX17 regulates TFAP2C, PRDM1 and PRDM14, thereby maintaining latent pluripotency and suppressing somatic differentiation." SIGNOR-269261 PPM1F protein P49593 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser57 KKDRFYRsILPGDKT 10116 11864573 t "The p21-activated kinase PAK is negatively regulated by POPX1 and POPX2, a pair of serine/threonine phosphatases of the PP2C family|POPX Can Dephosphorylate and Downregulate PAK| To confirm that POPX2 acts on αPAK phospho-Thr422, a key regulator of activity in the kinase activation loop [9], we used phospho-specific antibodies against αPAK P-Thr422 (Figure 3B, lower panel), which proved to be an excellent substrate for POPX2. Similarly, complete loss of αPAK P-Ser57 with 0.2 μg POPX2 contrasts with the slight loss observed with 1.5 μg PP1. On the basis of these results, we suggest PAK is a substrate of POPX." SIGNOR-248530 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr157 VLYSQKAtPGSSRKT 9606 BTO:0000567 15525512 t llicata "Bub1 directly phosphorylates Cdc20 in vitro and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C(Cdc20) catalytically. A Cdc20 mutant with all six Bub1 phosphorylation sites removed is refractory to Bub1-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition in vitro. " SIGNOR-250609 BMP1 protein P13497 UNIPROT COL5A1 protein P20908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp1549 IKTEEISeVKMDAEF 9606 BTO:0002974 11741999 t miannu "BMP-1 Can Efficiently Cleave Pro-α1(V) N-propeptides and Pro-α2(V) C-propeptides and Less Efficiently Cleave Pro-α1(V) C-propeptides in Vitro.NH2-terminal sequencing of an ∼35-kDa band in the BMP-1-treated material (N-α1(V), Fig. 3 B,lanes 2 and 3) showed it to correspond to the NH2-terminal portion of the pro-α1(V) N-propeptide previously shown to be cleaved in pro-α1(V)3 homotrimers by BMP-1 (39), whereas NH2-terminal sequencing of an ∼38-kDa band (C-α1(V)BMP-1, Fig. 3 B,lanes 2 and 3) showed it to correspond to pro-α1(V) C-propeptides cleaved between Asp-1594 and Asp-1595." SIGNOR-256344 RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 21791615 f miannu "The present study indicates that Epac1 and Rap1 are involved in activation of CaMKI for Ser47 phosphorylation in GCM1. We found here that cAMP-dependent activation of Epac1 and Rap1 but not PKA is able to activate CaMKI to mediate Ser47 (S47) phosphorylation in GCM1." SIGNOR-262683 BAZ2B protein Q9UIF8 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 acetylation:Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 31999386 t miannu "The BAZ2B bromodomain has been shown to bind to acetylated H3K14 (H3K14ac), whose presence at promoter regions is generally associated with gene activation. This suggests a potential role for BAZ2B in transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266619 RNF135 protein Q8IUD6 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys907 GVQTLYSkWKDFHFE 9606 BTO:0000007 19017631 t miannu "Our data suggest that Riplet/RNF135 is a novel factor of the RIG-I pathway that is involved in the evoking of human innate immunity against RNA virus infection, and activates RIG-I through ubiquitination of its C-terminal region." SIGNOR-265568 CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004910 26961257 f miannu "In this study, we provide mechanistic insight into how CRP contributes to the development of AMD. In particular, we show that monomeric CRP (mCRP) but not the pentameric form (pCRP) upregulates IL-8 and CCL2 levels in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Further, we show that complement factor H (FH) binds mCRP to dampen its proinflammatory activity. FH from AMD patients carrying the “risk” His402 polymorphism displays impaired binding to mCRP, and therefore proinflammatory effects of mCRP remain unrestrained." SIGNOR-252143 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20932480 t miannu "Psf is directly phosphorylated by gsk3, thus promoting interaction of psf with trap150, which prevents psf from binding cd45 pre-mrna. / threonine phosphorylation of psf by gsk3 primarily occurs on residue t687" SIGNOR-168392 TGFb proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF5 SIGNOR SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 29305973 t miannu "Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) takes place, namely fibrosis, development and cancer. the process of EMT is integral to a number of physiological and disease states. TGF-β1 is a major effector of this process that activates various key transcription factors such as Snai1." SIGNOR-265251 ANAPC7 protein Q9UJX3 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252007 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 17300219 t gcesareni "We speculated that maml1, in addition to recruiting p300, might directly interact with histones to facilitate histone acetylation. We had observed acetylation of the histones h3 and h4." SIGNOR-153041 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Ala92 DHIGFQEaYRRFYGP -1 9076588 t miannu "This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42." SIGNOR-256319 MED8 protein Q96G25 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266659 TPI1 protein P60174 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is the glycolytic enzyme with the highest activity in vitro. TPI catalyzes the interconversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and DHAP (Figure 1). It consists of a dimer with 2 identical subunits of 248 amino acids (27 kDa)." SIGNOR-266492 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT FLNC protein Q14315 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser2236 ERLGSFGsITRQQEG 10090 BTO:0000165 32444788 t miannu "We identified the extended basophilic phosphosite motif RxRxxp[S/T]xxp[S/T] in various proteins including filamin-C (FLNc). Importantly, this extended motif, located in a unique insert in Ig-like domain 20 of FLNc, is doubly phosphorylated. The protein kinases responsible for this dual-site phosphorylation are Akt and PKCα. Proximity proteomics and interaction analysis identified filamin A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) as direct FLNc binding partner. FILIP1 binding induces filamin degradation, thereby negatively regulating its function. Here, dual-site phosphorylation of FLNc not only reduces FILIP1 binding, providing a mechanism to shield FLNc from FILIP1-mediated degradation, but also enables fast dynamics of FLNc necessary for its function as signaling adaptor in cross-striated muscle cells. In vitro kinase assays combined with LC-MS confirmed hFLNc-S2233 as a substrate of Akt, whereas PKCα preferentially targeted S2236." SIGNOR-262617 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001279 28515487 f "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events in hFUS+/+; Smn+/− mice. As shown in Fig. 6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected in hFUS+/+ mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-262806 "Viral protein" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF88 SIGNOR Ubiquitinated-Viral_Protein complex SIGNOR-C427 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25688236 t scontino "MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. Proteins with ubiquitin tags (red spheres) are degraded by proteasomes and the resulting peptides are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by TAP|Many viruses have mechanisms of interfering with MHC class I processing, including direct interaction of viral proteins with immunoproteasome subunits." SIGNOR-267765 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr39 LKKIRLDtETEGVPS 9606 18354084 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylates cdk2 at threonine 39 residue both in vitro and in vivo. Although cdk2 threonine 39 phosphorylation mediated by akt enhances cyclin-a binding, it is dispensable for its basal binding and the kinase activity." SIGNOR-178058 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9223667 t lperfetto "Furthermore, in transient cotransfection assays, overexpression of Sp1 and/or Sp3 stimulated HGF promoter activity independently and additively through binding to the Sp1 binding site in the HGF gene promoter region." SIGNOR-241490 CILK1 protein Q9UPZ9 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr908 LPSGRPGtTGPAGAQ 9606 SIGNOR-C3 22356909 t gcesareni "Our findings demonstrate an important role for ick in modulating the activity of mtorc1 through phosphorylation of raptor thr-908 and thus implicate a potential signaling mechanism by which ick regulates cell proliferation and division." SIGNOR-196198 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19363025 t gcesareni "We identify protein kinase c-delta as the kinase responsible for h3t45ph in vitro and in vivo. Given the nucleosomal position of h3t45, we postulate that h3t45ph induces structural change within the nucleosome to facilitate dna nicking and/or fragmentation." SIGNOR-265368 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT FOXC2 protein Q99958 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22120723 f miannu "We show that the BRCA1-GATA3 interaction is important for the repression of genes associated with triple-negative and basal-like breast cancer (BLBCs) including FOXC1, and that GATA3 interacts with a C-terminal region of BRCA1. We demonstrate that this BRCA1-GATA3 repression complex is not a FOXC1-specific phenomenon as a number of other genes associated with BLBCs such as FOXC2, CXCL1 and p-cadherin were also repressed in a similar manner." SIGNOR-254089 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser178 EENVSDGsPNAGSVE 9606 10831586 t lperfetto "Indeed, p27kip1 was phosphorylated by p42 mapk (erk2) in vitrothese results suggest that ser(10) is the major site of phosphorylation of p27(kip1) and that phosphorylation at this site, like that at thr(187), contributes to regulation of p27(kip1) stability." SIGNOR-77655 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT FBXO5 protein Q9UKT4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15469984 t gcesareni "Plk1 regulates activation of the anaphase promoting complex by phosphorylating and triggering scfbetatrcp-dependent destruction of the apc inhibitor emi1." SIGNOR-129813 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI GLRA1 protein P23415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9009272 t miannu "For each mutant GlyR we examined the agonist efficacies of taurine and β-alanine relative to glycine, the concentration of each agonist required for half-maximal current activation (EC50) and, in mutant GlyRs where β-alanine and taurine exhibited partial or no agonist efficacy, the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of glycine-gated currents (IC50).experiments described in this report were performed on human α1 homomeric GlyRs recombinantly expressed in mammalian HEK 293 cells. Taurine and β-alanine act as full agonists of human α1 GlyRs when expressed in this system." SIGNOR-258580 JMJD6 protein Q6NYC1 UNIPROT MEPCE protein Q7L2J0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg171 HPAFKRRrRVNSDCD 10090 BTO:0002572 32048991 t miannu "JMJD6 cleaves MePCE. we propose that JMJD6 is the cognate protease of MePCE and cleaves at the R171 site within MePCE. Experiments using purified JMJD6 showed that it could make a cut in an enzyme called MePCE, which belongs to the group of proteins that hold P-TEFb in its inactive form. The levels of activated Pol II were lower in cells without JMJD6 and higher in those without MePCE. Together, the results suggest that JMJD6 cuts MePCE to release P-TEFb, which then activates Pol II." SIGNOR-261037 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1177 TSRIRTQsFSLQERQ 9606 11729179 t lperfetto "Recently many investigators have shown that protein phosphorylation of enos by several serine/threonine kinases is a critical control step for no production by endothelial cells. Phosphorylation by amp kinase, akt (or protein kinase b), or protein kinase a on serine 1179 (bovine) or serine 1177 (human) of enos leads to enhanced activity of the enzyme and, thus, augmented production of no." SIGNOR-216445 NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0003104 10082541 f lperfetto "NFIL3 inhibits apoptosis without affecting Bcl-xL expression." SIGNOR-256618 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT PRDX1 protein Q06830 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 CHLAWVNtPKKQGGL 9606 11986303 t lperfetto "Peroxiredoxin (prx) i is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of peroxidases and contains a consensus site (thr(90)-pro-lys-lys) for phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). This protein has now been shown to be phosphorylated specifically on thr(90) by several cdks, including cdc2, in vitro. Phosphorylation of prx i on thr(90) reduced the peroxidase activity of this protein by 80%.Prx i was also phosphorylated, with an efficiency similar to that observed with cdc2, when incubated in vitro with cdk2, cdk4, or cdk6 that had been immunoprecipitated from hela cell lysates with specific antibodies (data not shown)." SIGNOR-87113 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR PDE5A protein O76074 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 30896450 t miannu "RhoBTB1 augmented the cGMP response to nitric oxide by restraining the activity of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) by acting as a substrate adaptor delivering PDE5 to the Cullin-3 E3 Ring ubiquitin ligase complex for ubiquitination inhibiting PDE5." SIGNOR-272314 TGFB2 protein P61812 UNIPROT KRT1 protein P04264 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16258965 f Regulation miannu "Immunolocalization of the epithelial marker cytokeratin demonstrates decreased staining by 48 hr after the addition of TGFβ1 or TGFβ2" SIGNOR-251885 MT-CO3 protein P00414 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267743 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257028 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser715 YQSTIPQsPSPAPDD 9606 10828059 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-2" gcesareni "These straddle the target residue, ser(579), for erk2 phosphorylation of pde4d3. Mutation of either or both of these docking sites prevented erk2 from being co-immunoprecipitated with pde4d3, ablated the ability of epidermal growth factor to inhibit pde4d3 through erk2 action in transfected cos cells, and attenuated the ability of erk2 to phosphorylate pde4d3 in vitro." SIGNOR-77578 RPS4Y2 protein Q8TD47 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262448 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT IRAK3 protein Q9Y616 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25585690 t "We show that glucocorticoids and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae synergistically upregulate IRAK-M expression via mutually and synergistically enhancing p65 and glucocorticoid receptor binding to the IRAK-M promoter" SIGNOR-259287 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr519 EDPYAGStDENTDSE 9606 BTO:0000567 15367657 t llicata "XRCC1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by CK2, and CK2 phosphorylation of XRCC1 on S518, T519, and T523 largely determines aprataxin binding to XRCC1 though its FHA domain | In addition, we present data to show that the acute loss of aprataxin by small interfering RNA (siRNA) renders HeLa cells sensitive to MMS through a mechanism that destabilizes XRCC1." SIGNOR-251051 "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 19369198 t lperfetto "We further found coprecipitation of HA-tagged NEDD1 [also called GCP-WD, a component of gamma-TuRC (12, 22)] with endogenous hDgt6|A link between augmin and gamma-TuRC is likely critical for these functions, because a gamma-TuRC mutant that attenuates interaction with augmin does not restore function in vivo" SIGNOR-262332 AGTR2 protein P50052 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "There are many naturally occurring proteins that can inhibit angiogenesis, including angiostatin, endostatin, interferon, platelet factor 4, thorombospondin, prolactin 16 kd fragment, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3" SIGNOR-252268 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1678 ITSEEERsPAKRGRK -1 30685087 t lperfetto "Nuclear import of 53BP1 is required for proper localization of 53BP1 and maintenance of genome integrity. 53BP1 has a classical bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) of sequence 1666-GKRKLITSEEERSPAKRGRKS-1686. Ser1678 within the 53BP1 NLS can be phosphorylated by CDK1/cyclin B, and a phosphomimetic substitution of Ser1678 with aspartate has been shown to negatively regulate nuclear import of 53BP1." SIGNOR-264444 ARID3A protein Q99856 UNIPROT "Immunoglobulin delta heavy chain" protein P0DOX3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 16738337 t lperfetto "In this work, we show that TFII-I directly interacts with human Bright through amino acids in Bright's protein interaction domain and that specific tyrosine residues of TFII-I are essential for Bright-induced activity of an immunoglobulin reporter gene. Moreover, inhibition of TFII-I function in a B-cell line resulted in decreased heavy-chain transcript levels.| Figure ​3 shows that both anti-Bright and anti-TFII-I precipitated the bf150 Bright binding site from the B-cell line but not from a T-cell line that contains but does not express the V1 gene." SIGNOR-268531 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 11035810 t gcesareni "In response to insulin, gsk3a inhibited by phosphorylation at ser-21 by pkb/akt1;phosphorylation at this site causes a conformational change, preventing access of substrates to the active site." SIGNOR-83217 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXA11 protein P31270 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260021 RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24726876 t miannu "RACK1 Mediates the Formation of the IRF3-RACK1-PP2A Complex and Promotes the Dephosphorylation of IRF3.Here we report that IRF3 is deactivated via dephosphorylation mediated by the serine and threonine phosphatase PP2A and its adaptor protein RACK1. The PP2A-RACK1 complex negatively regulated the IRF3 pathway after LPS or poly(I:C) stimulation or Sendai virus (SeV) infection." SIGNOR-260945 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258372 KISS1R protein Q969F8 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256893 5-[6-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1-benzimidazolyl]-3-[(1R)-1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-2-thiophenecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91333 ChEBI PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258221 DDX23 protein Q9BUQ8 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270646 TEX10 protein Q9NXF1 UNIPROT "Rix1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C373 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22190735 t miannu "LAS1L was first described as a nucleolar protein required for maturation of the 60S preribosomal subunit. In this paper, we demonstrate that LAS1L interacts with PELP1, TEX10, and WDR18, the mammalian homologues of the budding yeast Rix1 complex, along with NOL9 and SENP3, to form a novel nucleolar complex that cofractionates with the 60S preribosomal subunit. our data identify a novel mammalian complex required for 60S ribosomal subunit synthesis, providing further insight into the intricate, yet poorly described, process of ribosome biogenesis in higher eukaryotes." SIGNOR-265472 N-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-3-(2-fluoro-4-iodoanilino)-4-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:94793 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck lperfetto SIGNOR-244820 "vincaleukoblastine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:9984 ChEBI TUBD1 protein Q9UJT1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15579115 t miannu "Tubulin binding molecules have generated considerable interest after the successful introduction of the taxanes into clinical oncology and the widespread use of the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. These compounds inhibit cell mitosis by binding to the protein tubulin in the mitotic spindle and preventing polymerization into the MTs." SIGNOR-259257 FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT CYP11A1 protein P05108 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21862621 f miannu "We previously demonstrated that FOXL2 is a transcriptional repressor of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR), P450SCC (CYP11A), P450aromatase (CYP19), and cyclin D2 (CCND2) genes, markers of ovarian follicle proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-254177 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser146 GRKRRQTsMTDFYHS 9606 31575057 t gcesareni "Pim-1, PKC, and Akt1 kinases phosphorylate Thr-145 and Ser-146 sites on p21 protein. Phosphorylation at Thr-145 promotes cytoplasmic translocation and stability of p21. Ser-146 phosphorylation mediated by Akt1 enhances p21 stabilization and promotes cell survival." SIGNOR-157790 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser62 PSWHLADsPAVNGAT 9606 BTO:0001130 12633850 t gcesareni "By site-directed mutagenesis studies, we have identified that serine 62 is the necessary site for taxol- or 2-me-induced bcl-xl phosphorylation in prostate cancer cells. Further studies with the inhibitor of jun kinase (jnk) and phosphorylation mutant of bcl-xl reveal the augmentative role of jnk-mediated bcl-xl phosphorylation in apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. In summary, our studies suggest that the phosphorylation of bcl-xl by stress response kinase signaling might oppose the anti-apoptotic function of bcl-xl to permit prostate cancer cells to die by apoptosis" SIGNOR-99219 ARHGEF25 protein Q86VW2 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 16314529 t lperfetto "Exogenous expression of geft promotes myogenesis of c2c12 cells via activation of rhoa, rac1, and cdc42 and their downstream effector proteins, while a dominant negative mutant of geft inhibits this process." SIGNOR-235391 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser378 SKKGQSTsRHKKLMF 9606 BTO:0001321 15659650 t lperfetto "The cell cycle checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2 have been shown to phosphorylate multiple sites in the N-terminal domain of p53, consequently leading to p53 stabilization and activation. Phosphorylation of at least three of these sites, Ser366, Ser378, and Thr387, was induced by DNA damage." SIGNOR-74835 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 GSSESTDsGFCLDSP 9606 20348946 t lperfetto "Here, we report that casein kinase 1 alpha (ck1alpha) phosphorylates cdc25a on both s79 and s82 in a hierarchical manner requiring prior phosphorylation of s76 by chk1 or gsk-3beta. This facilitates beta-trcp binding and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of cdc25a" SIGNOR-164738 DPF2 protein Q92785 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 24332853 t miannu "The interaction between RUNX1 and DPF2 is dependent on the RUNX1 methylation status" SIGNOR-261966 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1360 VLRSPSGsQRPSVSD 9606 15121854 t lperfetto "Egf stimulates a pkc-?-Dependent pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the ?4 Integrin subunit on serine residues and its redistribution to actin-rich structures together, these results highlight the importance of serine phosphorylation in regulating type ii hemidesmosome disassembly, implicate a cluster of serine residues within the connecting segment of ?4, and argue for a key role for pkc-? In regulating these structures" SIGNOR-124494 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266521 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR HEY2 protein Q9UBP5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12548545 f gcesareni "SKIP, a CBF1-associated protein, interacts with the ankyrin repeat domain of NotchIC To facilitate NotchIC function." SIGNOR-254338 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser418 TEERLPSsPVYEDAA 9606 21079800 t gcesareni "Strikingly, we find that pak1 phosphorylation of cortactin on serine residues 405 and 418 increases its association with n-wasp. Thus, pak1, by controlling the interaction between cortactin and n-wasp, could regulate the polymerization of actin during clathrin-independent endocytosis." SIGNOR-169694 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9168117 t acerquone "Our results demonstrate that the sh3 domain of c-abl interacts with a dpapnpphfp motif (residues 1,373-1,382) of atm.These findings indicate that atm is involved in the activation of c-abl by dna damag" SIGNOR-48822 "Ionizing radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST16 SIGNOR CCDC6-RET "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP9 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23128507 f miannu "In PTC, genomic rearrangements juxtapose the RET tyrosine kinase domain to unrelated genes, thereby creating dominantly transforming oncogenes, denominated RET/PTC. The RET/PTC rearrangements are the 2nd most common genetic alteration described in PTC and observed in ∼13–43% of cases, mostly in pediatric cancers or in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents" SIGNOR-251999 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT HPSE2 protein Q8WWQ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17312387 f miannu "BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others." SIGNOR-253765 MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001623 20921139 f lperfetto "We assessed both conversion of LC3-I to its cleaved and lipidated form LC3-II and its translocation to autophagic structures, two steps in autophagosome formation" SIGNOR-219406 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT RBFOX3 protein A6NFN3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268911 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000099 19291302 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "COMT gene expression is downregulated by TNFα in primary rat astrocytes at both protein and mRNA levels." SIGNOR-251963 (S,S)-asenapine chemical CHEBI:71257 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258848 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001615 22198637 t lperfetto "Both CLOCK:ARNTL and CLOCK:ARNTL2 heterodimers powerfully activate the promoter of the PAI-1 gene, officially called SERPINE1 and located on the seventh chromosome (7q21.3-q22), underlying the circadian variation in circulating PAI-1" SIGNOR-253712 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT TRPC4 protein Q9UBN4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17110928 t miannu "Ubiquitination of TRPV4 is dramatically increased by the HECT (homologous to E6-AP carboxyl terminus)-family ubiquitin ligase AIP4 without inducing degradation of this channel. Instead, AIP4 promotes the endocytosis of TRPV4 and decreases its amount at the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-272624 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr206 PNAILKLtDFGFAKE -1 7592979 t miannu "In Vitro Activation of MAPKAP Kinase 2 by p38/40. the constitutively active mutant T205E,T317E shows no changes in activity after treatment with the p38/40 fraction" SIGNOR-250101 INTS12 protein Q96CB8 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261470 DOCK7 protein Q96N67 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0000132 29187380 t lperfetto "As a GEF, Dock7 exchanges GDP for GTP on Cdc42 and Rac1, causing their activation, followed by activation of downstream effectors, including the dephosphorylation (activation) of cofilin, a key regulator of actin turnover." SIGNOR-261887 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 15749826 t lperfetto "Xiap functions as ubiquitin ligase toward smac to inhibit apoptosis." SIGNOR-134504 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0001103 24003218 t lperfetto "SIRT1 overexpression reduces muscle wasting by blocking the activation of FoxO1 and 3" SIGNOR-252996 RPL41 protein P62945 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262458 CAMTA1 protein Q9Y6Y1 UNIPROT NPPA protein P01160 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002004 21857646 t Luana "CAMTA1 itself stimulates the expression of the anti-proliferative peptide NPPA." SIGNOR-261570 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 GAVPSEAtKRDQNLK 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262919 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr156 KTYRRSYtHAKPPYS 9606 14500912 t "Foxa-2 physically interacts with Akt, a key mediator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and is phosphorylated at a single conserved site (T156) that is absent in Foxa-1 and Foxa-3 proteins. This Akt phosphorylation site in Foxa-2 is highly conserved from mammals to insects. Mutant Foxa-2T156A is resistant to Akt-mediated phosphorylation, nuclear exclusion, and transcriptional inactivation of Foxa-2-regulated gene expression." SIGNOR-254974 Tiospirone chemical CID:55752 PUBCHEM HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258863 dabrafenib chemical CHEBI:75045 ChEBI LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24720932 t miannu "Dabrafenib is known to inhibit V600E, V600K and V600D BRAF enzymes with in vitro IC50 values of 0.65, 0.5 and 1.84 nM, respectively. Dabrafenib can inhibit wild-type BRAF and CRAF kinases with IC50 values of 3.2 and 5.0 nM. Other kinases (SIK1, NEK111 and LIMK1) can be inhibited by dabrafenib when administered in high concentrations" SIGNOR-259216 OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256962 POLR2L protein P62875 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266151 VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252275 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser153 SWTRVFQsWWDRNLG 9606 BTO:0000007 10837486 t lperfetto "We report here that the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-155 within the BH3 domain is a second phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that inhibits the death-promoting activity of BAD. Protein kinase A, RSK1, and survival factor signaling stimulate phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-155, blocking the binding of BAD to Bcl-XL. RSK1 phosphorylates BAD at both Ser-112 and Ser-155 and rescues BAD-mediated cell death in a manner dependent upon phosphorylation at both sites." SIGNOR-252767 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 SLLKKRDsFRTPRDS 9606 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163760 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser37 REPSTPPsPISSSSS 9606 BTO:0000182 27273097 t lperfetto "Through bioinformatics and cell-based experiments, we identified the AKT-repressed signal as glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-catalyzed phosphorylation of Ser(37) on the long form of the transcription factor GATA6. Phosphorylation of GATA6 on Ser(37) promoted its degradation, thereby preventing GATA6 from repressing transcripts that are induced by TNF and attenuated by insulin" SIGNOR-253156 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29178 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269488 "3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:446916 PUBCHEM GPR17 protein Q13304 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257502 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257624 SOST protein Q9BQB4 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 22298955 f "Interacts with LRP4 (via the extracellular domain);the interaction facilitates the Wnt signaling. Interacts with LRP5 (via the first two YWTD-EGF repeat domains);the interaction inhibits Wnt-mediated signaling." gcesareni "It has been shown that both sclerostin and dkk1 act physiologically as downstream mole-cules of bmp signaling to inhibit canonical wnt sig-naling and therefore negatively regulate bone mass" SIGNOR-195684 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20584981 f fspada "Bmp7 could directly suppress pref-1 expression, thereby allowing the initiation of the adipogenic program." SIGNOR-166426 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser14 PFSFGTLsSWELEAW 9606 BTO:0000567 12876286 t llicata "CHOP transcription factor phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 inhibits transcriptional activation. | The serine to alanine substituted site CHOP mutant was not phosphorylated by CK2, indicating that serines 14–15 and 30–31 of CHOP are the CK2 phosphoacceptor sites" SIGNOR-250850 "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 31320642 t lperfetto "CCR4-NOT is a conserved multiprotein complex which regulates eukaryotic gene expression principally via shortening of poly(A) tails of messenger RNA or deadenylation. |The poly(A) tails at 3′ ends of eukaryotic mRNAs are crucial for their cytoplasmic stability and to enhance the initiation of translation. Newly synthesized metazoan mRNAs possess long poly(A) tails1, and following export to the cytoplasm the tails are reported to be ~60–80 nucleotides on average at steady state2. Poly(A) tails are also important for translational efficiency at the embryonic stage2 and the length of the poly(A) tail was reported to be correlated with translational efficiency3. The multisubunit CCR4-NOT complex is principally responsible for efficient processive shortening of poly(A) tails, or deadenylation, in addition to other function" SIGNOR-268312 TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-267040 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15922020 t miannu "Activation of receptors coupled to inhibitory G proteins (Galpha i/o) has opposing consequences for cyclic AMP accumulation and the activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, depending on the duration of stimulation. Acute activation inhibits the activity of adenylate cyclase, thereby attenuating cyclic AMP accumulation; in contrast, persistent activation of Galpha i/o-coupled receptors produces a paradoxical enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity, thus increasing cyclic AMP accumulation when the action of the inhibitory receptor is terminated." SIGNOR-267853 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 16936075 f "The other members of the Lef1 HMGB1 protein super-family, Tcf1 and Tcf3, were also expressed in the PSM and the newly formed somites, although at a lower level than was Lef1." gcesareni "Furthermore, we show that direct activation is mediated by binding of the tcf-lef/ - catenin complex to the myf5 epaxial enhancer and to a newly identified element upstream of this enhancer." SIGNOR-149170 NRBF2 protein Q96F24 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex I" complex SIGNOR-C242 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 phosphorylation:Ser113;Ser120 AEDAEGQsPLSQKYS;SPLSQKYsPSTEKCL 24785657 t miannu "We have now identified NRBF2 (nuclear receptor-binding factor 2) as a new member of Vps34 Complex I. NRBF2 binds to complexes that include Vps34, Vps15, Beclin-1 and ATG-14L, but not the Vps34 Complex II component UVRAG (UV radiation resistance-associated gene). NRBF2 directly interacts with Vps15 via the Vps15 WD40 domain as well as other regions of Vps15. Thus NRBF2 plays a critical role in the induction of starvation-induced autophagy as a specific member of Vps34 Complex I." SIGNOR-265880 BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10587640 t gcesareni "Use of a dominant-negative survivin mutant or antisense survivin complementary dna disrupts a supramolecular assembly of survivin, caspase-3 and the cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p21waf1/cip1 within centrosomes, and results in caspase-dependent cleavage of p21." SIGNOR-72882 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20975042 t svumbaca "In addition, we show that the transcription of IL1B depends on a positively acting p65/c-Rel/ikbb complex" SIGNOR-256237 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT PPM1J protein Q5JR12 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser93 HAGRAVQsPPDTGRR 9606 18553930 t gcesareni "Specific phosphorylation of pp2czeta at ser (92) by stress-activated jnk attenuates its phosphatase activity in cells." SIGNOR-178926 ibuprofen chemical CHEBI:5855 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22091869 t Luana " Here we report the application of STD-NMR to characterize the binding of the anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen, diclofenac, and ketorolac to COX-1 and COX-2. " SIGNOR-258325 LPAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF2 SIGNOR GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ‚â• -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ‚â• -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ‚â• -1.0." SIGNOR-269969 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 21746878 t miannu "We show that the Pbx1 and Meis2 homeodomain proteins interact with Klf4 and can be recruited to DNA elements comprising a Klf4 site or G C box, with adjacent Meis and Pbx sites. Meis2d and Pbx1a activate expression of p15(Ink4a) and E-cadherin, dependent on the Meis2d transcriptional activation domain. We suggest a model in which genes with Klf4 sites can be cooperatively activated by Meis2/Pbx1 and Klf4, dependent primarily on recruitment by Klf4." SIGNOR-267237 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT ADAP1 protein O75689 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser87 AARARFEsKVPSFYY 12893243 t lperfetto "The sites of phosphorylation by PKCalpha on centaurin-alpha1‚ were identified as S87 (peptide ARFEK) and T276 (peptide WFMDDRR) (‚ Fig. 5).‚ | The phosphorylation site analysis was carried out twice after phosphorylation of centaurin-alpha1‚ with PKCalpha and once with PKC_. A similar pattern of phosphopeptides was obtained each time." SIGNOR-249224 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT ALOX15 protein P16050 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000018 12517954 f lperfetto "IL-4 has been shown to up-regulate 15-lipoxygenase and produce 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) in A549 cells via the Janus kinase/STAT6 pathway under coactivation of CREB binding protein/p300." SIGNOR-254101 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr387 TMKRRDEtMQPAKPS 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "Full activation of mst1 requires an activation cleavage that is prevented by the phosphorylation of thr-387 by akt." SIGNOR-201125 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12954613 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." gcesareni "C1a domain is critical for the dag-induced activation of pkcalfa.Furthermore, calcium and diacylglycerol activate protein kinase c, resulting in the phosphorylation of a large variety of substrates." SIGNOR-100254 histamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18295 ChEBI HRH3 protein Q9Y5N1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257514 prazosin chemical CHEBI:8364 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258469 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT PPP1R1A protein Q13522 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser67 LKSTLAMsPRQRKKM 10116 11278334 t "In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. | However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation." SIGNOR-248524 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 9731215 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Stress-induced stathmin phosphorylation is not de- pendent on ERK. Stathmin is also known to be phos- phorylated by ERK on Ser-25 and Ser-38 (17). Thus, it is possible that ERK phosphorylates stathmin in 293 cells|In subsequent reports (28, 29) it was shown that phosphorylation of stathmin blocks its ability to destabilize MTs." SIGNOR-270182 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT ALOX15 protein P16050 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 12517954 f lperfetto "IL-4 has been shown to up-regulate 15-lipoxygenase and produce 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) in A549 cells via the Janus kinase/STAT6 pathway under coactivation of CREB binding protein/p300." SIGNOR-254097 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000575 11731443 f "Cyclin D1 regulates mitogen-dependent progression through G1 phase in cultured cells, and its overexpression in malignant cells is thought to contribute to autonomous proliferation in vivo." SIGNOR-260014 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258717 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16149046 f miannu "Constitutively active mutants of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and c-Jun additionally stimulated GTP cyclohydrolase I promoter activity, but to a lesser extent than the constitutively active CREB mutant. Enzymatic reactions that require tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactor are therefore indirectly controlled by signaling cascades involving the signal-responsive transcription factors CREB, c-Jun, and ATF2." SIGNOR-252225 TAF6 protein P49848 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263922 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser198 IRTHLSQsPRVPSKC 10090 19560418 t "These findings indicate that calcineurin modulates the phosphorylation state of KSR2, but not KSR1, and identifies S198, T287, and the S310 14-3-3 binding site as the KSR2 residues targeted by calcineurin.|the negative regulators 14-3-3" SIGNOR-248525 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1420 TEDSANVyEQDDLSE 10090 BTO:0001909 15557120 t miannu "Fyn tyrosine kinase, but not Src, regulates the phosphorylation of DCC in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells.Both DCC phosphorylation and Netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth are impaired in Fyn(-/-) CN and spinal cord explants. We propose that DCC is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and that Fyn is essential for the response of axons to Netrin-1. these results show that DCC is phosphorylated by Fyn, but not Src, in N1E-115 cells, and that tyrosines 1261 and 1418 are the major phosphorylation sites of Fyn in vivo." SIGNOR-268176 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 19255092 t miannu "In order to identify CHD8 target genes, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of CHD8-depleted cells, finding out that CHD8 controls the expression of cyclin E2 (CCNE2) and thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), two genes expressed in the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. CHD8 was also able to co-activate the CCNE2 promoter in transient transfection experiments. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that CHD8 binds directly to the 5' region of both CCNE2 and TYMS genes." SIGNOR-268805 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser518 KGGTPAGsARGSPTR 9606 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-145963 PIK3AP1 protein Q6ZUJ8 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801 22187458 t gcesareni "Bcap is constitutively phosphorylated and associated with the p85 subunit of pi3k in macrophages. Tlr signaling causes the phosphorylation of the small amount of bcap that is associated with membranes in the resting state or the translocation of phosphorylated bcap from the cytoplasm to the membrane. This accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated bcap at the membrane with its associated pi3k would then allow for the catalysis of ptd ins p2 to ptd ins p3 and downstream pi3k-dependent signals. Bcap is an essential activator of the pi3k pathway downstream of tlr signaling" SIGNOR-252701 GRN protein P28799 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21393509 t gcesareni "Collectively, these findings demonstrate that pgrn is a ligand of tnfr, an antagonist of tnf signaling, and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis in mice." SIGNOR-172684 ATIC protein P31939 UNIPROT 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The last two steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the bifunctional AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC). The transformylase domain of the enzyme first catalyzes the conversion of AICAR to formylaminoimida zole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) using the N10-formyltetrahydrofolate. Then, the cyclohydrolase domain closes the purine ring to form IMP." SIGNOR-267325 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9436979 t lperfetto "Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors signal by phosphorylating Smad1, which then associates with Smad4; this complex moves into the nucleus and activates transcription." SIGNOR-255833 VKORC1 protein Q9BQB6 UNIPROT "Reduced Vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:8784 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "This series of oxidation-reduction reactions begins with conversion of vitamin K from a stable oxidized form (quinone form) to a hydroquinone form by vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR)" SIGNOR-265905 UFD1 protein Q92890 UNIPROT CD4 protein P01730 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 20442859 t miannu "These findings ascribe specific functions to each of the components of the VCP-UFD1L-NPL4 complex in Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation: VCP energizes the process through ATP binding and hydrolysis, UFD1L binds ubiquitinated CD4 through recognition of K48 Ub chains, and NPL4 stabilizes UFD1L." SIGNOR-252421 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR GSTA4 protein O15217 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr193 VKLSNIPtIKRFLEP 9534 12646569 t lperfetto "Mutational analysis show that the putative mitochondrial targeting signal resides within the C-terminal 20 amino acid residues of the protein and that the targeting signal requires activation by phosphorylation at the C-terminal-most protein kinase A (PKA) site at Ser-189 or protein kinase C (PKC) site at Thr-193." SIGNOR-264795 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT NLRP3 protein Q96P20 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding Trp73 KAWAMAVwIFAAINR 9606 BTO:0000018 26037928 t miannu "LPS exposure reduces the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal processing of NALP3 by inducing levels of an E3 ligase component, FBXO3, which targets FBXL2. The latter is an endogenous mediator of NALP3 degradation. FBXL2 recognizes Trp-73 within NALP3 for interaction and targets Lys-689 within NALP3 for ubiquitin ligation and degradation. " SIGNOR-272432 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23303449 f irozzo "Our findings suggest an important role of CtBP1 in the transcriptional control of p16INK4a and Brca1[.]. Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1(Brca1), a core protein in DNA damage repair, was repressed by CtBP1 in melanoma cells." SIGNOR-259194 dexchlorpheniramine chemical CHEBI:4464 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7925364 t miannu "The human H1-receptor cDNA was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) via an eukaryotic expression vector; the receptor protein present on cell membranes specifically bound [3H]mepyramine with a Kd of 3.7 nM. The binding was displaced by H1-histamine-receptor antagonists and histamine. Affinity of histamine and selected histamine antagonists for human H, receptors expressed in CHO cells (CHO H,-30) and a comparison with HI receptors found in guinea pig cerebellum." SIGNOR-258873 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser165 LFQLGPPsPVKMPSP 9606 10906323 t gcesareni "Pttg is phosphorylated in vitro on ser(162) by map kinase and this phosphorylation site plays an essential role in pttg transactivation function." SIGNOR-79519 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255504 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser116 KDIIRQPsEEEIIKL 9606 BTO:0000007 12808093 t lperfetto "Protein kinase b/akt binds and phosphorylates ped/pea-15, stabilizing its antiapoptotic action." SIGNOR-244326 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBA1B protein P68363 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116472 FOXF1 protein Q12946 UNIPROT GH2 protein P01242 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16772323 f miannu "Overexpression of FOXF1 in BeWo and HepG2 cells induced the GHV promoter, whereas overexpression of FOXF2 was without effect. These studies indicate that FOXF1 induces GHV expression by interaction with a FOXF1/FOXF2 cis-element in the proximal promoter." SIGNOR-254175 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser329 STISGRLsPIMTEQD 9606 11311120 t lperfetto "The kinase dyrk1a phosphorylates the transcription factor fkhr at ser329 in vitro, a novel in vivo phosphorylation siteser(329) phosphorylation also decreases the ability of fkhr to stimulate gene transactivation and reduces the proportion of fkhr present in the nucleus" SIGNOR-252909 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser12 LASDFAFsPPPGGGG -1 31306665 t lperfetto "Recent work found that CyclinE/CDK2 can phosphorylate OCT4 on serine 12 (S12), serine 355 (S355) and threonine 322 (T322) in vitro|Phosphorylation of OCT4 on S12 has been previously implicated to stabilize OCT4 by binding to PIN1, thereby preventing ubiquitinylation by WWP2." SIGNOR-264436 IHH protein Q14623 UNIPROT PTCH2 protein Q9Y6C5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001253 9811851 t lperfetto "Biochemical analysis of ptch and ptch2 shows that they both bind to all hedgehog family members with similar affinity and that they can form a complex with smo.Current models suggest that binding of Shh to PTCH prevents the normal inhibition of the seven-transmembrane-protein Smoothened (SMO) by PTCH." SIGNOR-61314 MED13 protein Q9UHV7 UNIPROT "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23563140 t miannu "The CDK8 kinase module (CKM) is a conserved, dissociable Mediator subcomplex whose component subunits were genetically linked to the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) and individually recognized as transcriptional repressors before Mediator was identified as a pre-eminent complex in eukaryotic transcription regulation." SIGNOR-266684 3-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)-4-[1-[1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-indolyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione chemical CHEBI:91368 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191490 ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr628 EHPNVIRyFCTEKDR -1 25968568 t miannu "IRE1 transduces the unfolded protein response by splicing XBP1 through its C-terminal cytoplasmic kinase-RNase region. IRE1 autophosphorylation is coupled to RNase activity through formation of a back-to-back dimer, although the conservation of the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear from existing structures. " SIGNOR-275417 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256793 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr805 RIPGGNIyISPLKSP 9606 BTO:0001271 16158058 t llicata "Rb-induced apoptosis is compromised by abl-catalysed phosphorylation of rb at y805." SIGNOR-140396 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10890911 f lperfetto "Coexpression of smad2 and smad4, smad3 alone, or smad3 and smad4 resulted in strong enhancement of lef1-dependent transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-217169 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu79 EEAREVFeNTERTTE 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263685 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr77 DPCSLIPtPDKEDDD 9606 14536078 t gcesareni "Our experiments suggest that gsk3 is the kinase primarily responsible for phosphorylation of cyclin e on t380" SIGNOR-118563 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr574 VDNIRSAtPEALAFV 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 12486117 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-96628 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 BTO:0000590 12226093 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping revealed enhanced phosphorylation of ser(202)/thr(205) residues by p25-cdk5 considering the fact that phosphorylation of ser(202)/thr(205) antagonizes the tau-mediated nucleation of tubulin, p25-cdk5 may play a pivotal role in neuronal cell death in alzheimer's disease." SIGNOR-251600 bortezomib chemical CHEBI:52717 ChEBI PSMB2 protein P49721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000898 21504411 t miannu "Proteasome inhibition is a modern and surprisingly successful approach how to cancer treatment. Bortezomib (Velcade®) is a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor and has been approved for first-line treatment of multiple myeloma and second-line treatment of mantle cell lymphoma." SIGNOR-259309 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 PIPIMPAsPQKGHAV 9606 BTO:0000661 34535949 t Barakat "Furthermore, we confirmed also in Jurkat cells that the specific silencing of both ERK1/2 and mTOR by siRNA downregulates Drp1 phosphorylation on Ser616" SIGNOR-275430 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24168260 f miannu "NF-κB, which can be activated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (12), is responsible for the transcription of inflammatory factors and profibrotic cytokines, which promote an inflammatory response and fibrosis" SIGNOR-260446 VTI1A protein Q96AJ9 UNIPROT "LE-TGN SNARE" complex SIGNOR-C157 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18195106 t lperfetto "We show in human cells that a soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex comprised of syntaxin 10 (STX10), STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3 is required for this MPR transport" SIGNOR-253081 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr92 FYEEIKKyEKLETEE 16725308 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that c-Src kinase activity increases the interaction between GRK2 and Galphaq. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2 appears to be critically involved in the modulation of this interaction since the stimulatory effect of c-Src is not observed with a GRK2 mutant with impaired tyrosine phosphorylation (GRK2 Y13,86,92F), whereas a mutant that mimics GRK2 tyrosine phosphorylation in these residues displays an increased interaction with Galphaq. " SIGNOR-266293 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser552 VVRTPPKsPSSAKSR 9606 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249319 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT TRPC3 protein Q13507-3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr11 SPSLRRMtVMREKGR 9606 BTO:0000007 16331690 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q13507-3" llicata "The present study demonstrates that human trpc3 expressed in hek293 cells forms store-operated ca2+ influx channels, the activity of which is inhibited by pkg. The inhibition is due to a direct phosphorylation of pkg on trpc3 channels at position t11 and s263." SIGNOR-142957 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1008 LPQDKEYyKVKEPGE 9606 9716487 t lperfetto "All IL-6-type cytokines recruit gp130to their receptot complexes They either signal via gp130 alone [8] or in combination with LIFR [9] or the recently cloned OSMR [10], which are all able to activate Jaks proteins. Two tyrosine residues at the corresponding positions of Jak2 (tyrosine-1007 and tyrosine-1008) were found to be phosphorylated, and a single mutation of tyrosine-1007 eliminated essentially all tyrosine kinase activity [59]." SIGNOR-238634 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 10611320 f lperfetto "Tgf-beta treatment resulted in the specific inactivation of cyclin cdk2 complexes caused by absence of the activating thr(160) phosphorylation on cdk2." SIGNOR-217502 TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20459685 f miannu "Cd2+ reduced the interaction of beta-catenin with AJ components (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin) and increased binding to the transcription factor TCF4 of the Wnt pathway, which was upregulated and translocated to the nucleus. While Wnt target genes (c-Myc, cyclin D1 and ABCB1) were up-regulated by Cd2+, electromobility shift assays showed increased TCF4 binding to cyclin D1 and ABCB1 promoter sequences with Cd2+. Overexpression of wild-type and mutant TCF4 confirmed Cd2+-induced Wnt signaling." SIGNOR-255388 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22326956 t "giulio giuliani" "In Tgfbr2fl/fl control MEPM cells, radioactive TGF-β2 ligands (12.5 kDa) bind to TβRI (53 kDa), TβRII (70 kDa), and TβRIII (100–200 kDa, highly glycosylated molecule) and form the ligand-receptor complexes of TβRI::TGF-β2 (65.5 kDa), TβRII::TGF-β2 (82.5 kDa), and TβRIII::TGF-β2 (112.5–212.5 kDa)" SIGNOR-255960 N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(4-benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinecarbothioamide chemical CHEBI:91389 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189525 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254934 SRR protein Q9GZT4 UNIPROT pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10090 BTO:0000142 12393813 t lperfetto "High levels of d-serine occur in the brain, challenging the notion that d-amino acids would not be present or play a role in mammals. d-serine levels in the brain are even higher than many l-amino acids, such as asparagine, valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan, among others. d-serine is synthesized by a serine racemase (SR) enzyme, which directly converts l- to d-serine. We now report that SR is a bifunctional enzyme, producing both d-serine and pyruvate in cultured cells and in vitro. Transfection of SR into HEK 293 cells elicits synthesis of d-serine and augmented release of pyruvate to culture media." SIGNOR-268268 PALB2 protein Q86YC2 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 19369211 t lperfetto "The BRCA1-PALB2 interaction is required for homologous recombination repair.Here, we report that PALB2, the partner and localizer of BRCA2, binds directly to BRCA1, and serves as the molecular scaffold in the formation of the BRCA1-PALB2-BRCA2 complex." SIGNOR-244487 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr641 KNEFISEyCGEIISQ 9606 24469040 t lperfetto "Oncogenic y641 mutations in ezh2 prevent jak2/beta-trcp-mediated degradationbeta-trcp ubiquitinates ezh2 and jak2-mediated phosphorylation on y641 directs beta-trcp-mediated ezh2 degradation." SIGNOR-202711 TGFb proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF5 SIGNOR Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-Œ±, TGF-Œ≤, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Œ±, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-270216 IL17B protein Q9UHF5 UNIPROT IL17RB protein Q9NRM6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130 BTO:0000975;BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 10749887 t gcesareni "Here we report on the discovery of a novel il-17 homolog (il-17b), together with the identification of a novel cell surface receptor that specifically binds to it. We detail the molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and expression of both il-17b and il-17br, describe thein vivo activity of il-17b, and demonstrate binding to il-17br." SIGNOR-76544 CBX1 protein P83916 UNIPROT ChAHP complex SIGNOR-C407 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0002896 29795351 t miannu "Here we show that ADNP interacts with the chromatin remodeller CHD4 and the chromatin architectural protein HP1 to form a stable complex, which we refer to as ChAHP. Besides mediating complex assembly, ADNP recognizes DNA motifs that specify binding of ChAHP to euchromatin. In conclusion, CHD4, ADNP and HP1β/γ form a stable protein complex, which we refer to as ChAHP." SIGNOR-266754 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr305 TDAATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 9512493 t gcesareni "The activation of pkbbeta and pkbgamma by pdk1 was accompanied by the phosphorylation of the residues equivalent to thr308 in pkbalpha, namely thr309 (pkbbeta) and thr305 (pkbgamma)" SIGNOR-55937 CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 20219869 t areggio "The investigators showed that myoblasts constitutively express receptors for CCL2 (CCR2), CCL3 (CCR1 and CCR5), and CCL4 (CCR5), and that stimulation with either CCL2 or CCL4 was sufficient to promote myoblast proliferation. Furthermore, stimulation of myoblasts with CCL2, CCL3, or CCL4 was sufficient to induce phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2." SIGNOR-255119 ELOVL2 protein Q9NXB9 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267890 MTX2 protein O75431 UNIPROT "SAM complex" complex SIGNOR-C422 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 31387448 t lperfetto "The SAM complex of the outer membrane mediates insertion of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. hSam50 associates with MTX1 and MTX2." SIGNOR-267682 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT MPL protein P40238 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002581 15466856 f miannu "Both Fli-1 and GATA-1 are required for formation of an active transcriptional complex on the C-MPL and GPIX promoters in vivo." SIGNOR-254163 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr817 LAKASPVyLDILG 10090 BTO:0000944 10533983 t miannu "TrkB autophosphorylation occurs on five cytoplasmic tyrosines: Y484, Y670, Y674, Y675, and Y785. the Y785F mutation abolish the BDNF-inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCy, but receptors containing this mutation are also defective in the ability to induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of the c-cbl proto-oncogene product." SIGNOR-250312 Neuregulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF37 SIGNOR "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18415007 t miannu "The neuregulin family consists of four genes, NRG1-4 which can each encode products containing a domain related to the epidermal growth factor family of ligands. they may be released by regulated proteolysis to act as soluble proteins which can interact and activate members of the EGF receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-256161 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 9606 9315650 t llicata "The cdk7-cych-p36 complex of transcription factor iih phosphorylates p53, enhancing its sequence-specific dna binding activity in vitro. serines 371, 376, 378, and 392 may be the potential sites for this kinase." SIGNOR-51292 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21157483 t lperfetto "Mammalian TOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 exert their actions by regulating other important kinases, such as S6 kinase (S6K) and Akt.Recent findings have revealed novel important roles for mTORC2 in the phosphorylation of AGC kinase family members. mTORC2 phosphorylates and activates Akt, SGK, and PKC, which regulate cell survival, cell cycle progression and anabolism" SIGNOR-251982 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1927 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269344 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 16415155 f irozzo "We also found that menin is important for the proliferation of MLL oncoprotein-transformed myeloid cells, pointing to a paradoxically oncogenic role for the tumor suppressor menin in proliferation of transformed myeloid cells." SIGNOR-255895 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267453 Obatoclax chemical CID:16681698 PUBCHEM BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 23336025 t gcesareni "Bcl-2 inhibitors physically antagonize their anti-apoptotic actions to create a synergistic effect. Numerous compounds have been specifically developed or identified as bcl-2 inhibitors. These compounds include abt-737 and abt-263, obatoclax, gossypol." SIGNOR-200478 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265435 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" phosphorylation Ser76 SNLQRMGsSESTDSG 9606 BTO:0000567 20348946 t lperfetto "Here, we report that casein kinase 1 alpha (ck1alpha) phosphorylates cdc25a on both s79 and s82 in a hierarchical manner requiring prior phosphorylation of s76 by chk1 or gsk-3beta. This facilitates beta-trcp binding and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of cdc25a" SIGNOR-164742 CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 18635759 t lperfetto "Cd40, a tumor necrosis factor receptor (tnfr) family member, forms a complex containing adaptor molecules traf2 and traf3." SIGNOR-179473 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 8887554 t lperfetto "We show that mapkap kinase-2 phosphorylates creb at ser133 in vitro." SIGNOR-44384 RRAGD protein Q9NQL2 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 20006481 t lperfetto "Active rag and gtr heterodimers are able to bind and activate torc1, through direct interactions with raptor" SIGNOR-217550 "Substance P" smallmolecule CHEBI:80308 ChEBI TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257586 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005760 15755725 f "Regulation of transcription" miannu "Interleukin-1beta decreases expression of the epithelial sodium channel alpha-subunit in alveolar epithelial cells via a p38 MAPK-dependent signaling pathway." SIGNOR-251947 KCNJ16 protein Q9NPI9 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 24561201 t miannu "KCNJ10 encodes Kir4.1, a member of the K+ channel family known as inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels. Kir4.1 channels may comprise either Kir4.1 homomers or Kir4.1/Kir5.1 heteromers" SIGNOR-269447 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 10671503 t gcesareni "Rela (p65) nf-kappab subunit interacts with the zinc finger dna-binding domain of sp1." SIGNOR-75004 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000551 22452896 t "Like lapatinib and neratinib, afatinib is a next generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that irreversibly inhibits human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinases." gcesareni "Afatinib, an irreversible erbb-family blocker, has shown preclinical activity when tested in egfr mutant models with mutations that confer resistance to egfr tyrosine-kinase inhibitors." SIGNOR-259440 MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19946136 f "The Mcm2-7 complex serves as the eukaryotic replicative helicase, the molecular motor that both unwinds duplex DNA and powers fork progression during DNA replication." SIGNOR-261678 KCNB2 protein Q92953 UNIPROT VAPA protein Q9P0L0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 29941597 t lperfetto "Confirmation that Kv2.1 and -2.2 bind VAPA and VAPB employed colocalization/redistribution, siRNA knockdown, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assays.|As Kv2.1 accumulates on the surface it begins to bind ER VAPs and form the large and stable membrane junctions." SIGNOR-262124 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22318735 t milica "The protease-activated receptors (PAR)2 are a class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that are activated by the proteolysis of the N-terminal exodomain. Upon proteolysis, the newly formed n terminus acts as a tethered ligand that activates the receptor and initiates signaling cascades through multiple g proteins (galfaq, galfai, and galfa12/13)." SIGNOR-196006 RPS27A protein P62979 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262424 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 7566348 t fstefani "The ability of p42 map and p44 map kinases, glycogen synthase kinases 3 alpha and 3 beta (gsk-3 alpha and gsk-3 beta) to phosphorylate tau in transfected cos cells was investigated. Both gsk-3 alpha and gsk-3 beta phosphorylated tau to produce a phf-like state of phosphorylation but the map kinases failed to induce such a transformation in tau." SIGNOR-29364 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser688 QFHSPVGsPLKSIQA 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3.alanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.we found that the phosphatases cdc14a and cdc14b (cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to erk3 and reverse its c-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis." SIGNOR-164475 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HECW2 protein Q9P2P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271289 SLA protein Q13239 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 24284075 t miannu "In this report, we show that SLAP associates with both wild-type and oncogenic c-Kit (c-Kit-D816V). The association involves the SLAP SH2 domain and receptor phosphotyrosine residues different from those mediating Src interaction. Association of SLAP triggers c-Kit ubiquitylation which, in turn, is followed by receptor degradation" SIGNOR-263143 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr360 SGISSVPtPSPLGPL 9606 BTO:0000527 19941816 t gcesareni "It has been shown that the c-terminal domains of ck2? Are phosphorylated by cdc2 and interact with the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase pin1 in a cell cycle-dependent manner" SIGNOR-161843 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 RQNPSRCsVSLSNVE 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 10978317 t miannu "The p38-activated protein kinases MNK1, MSK1, and PRAK1 phosphorylate cPLA2 in vitro uniquely on Ser-727. By using Chinese hamster ovary, HeLa, and HEK293 cells stably transfected with wild type and phosphorylation site mutant forms of cPLA2, we show that phosphorylation of cPLA2 at both Ser-505 and Ser-727 and elevation of Ca(2+) leads to its activation in agonist-stimulated cells." SIGNOR-250162 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT MAP3K12 protein Q12852 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12514131 t gcesareni "One explanation as provided by our model is that mlk3 and dlk interact indirectly via posh with mutual activation when both are wild-type the multidomain protein posh binds to the constitutively active form of rac1, which is known to regulate the activity of mlks, while jip1 binds to mlks and additional components of the jnk pathway and appears to be capable of activating mlks" SIGNOR-97060 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT PELP1 protein Q8IZL8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser991 PALPPPEsPPKVQPE 9606 BTO:0000150 20807815 t llicata "Using site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro kinase assays, we identified ser(477) and ser(991) of pelp1 as cdk phosphorylation sites. we identified pelp1 as a novel substrate of cdks and found that cdk phosphorylation is important for the proper function of pelp1 in modulating hormone-driven cell cycle progression and also for optimal e2f transactivation function." SIGNOR-167774 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT APOBEC3G protein Q9HC16 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr32 PILSRRNtVWLCYEV 9606 18836454 t llicata "Here we show that pka binds and specifically phosphorylates a3g at thr32 in vitro and in vivo. This phosphorylation event reduces the binding of a3g to vif and its subsequent ubiquitination and degradation, and thus promotes a3g antiviral activity." SIGNOR-181526 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 16146838 f lperfetto "The results of 2 microarray experiments demonstrated that the aberrant activation of STAT proteins by Flt3-ITDs resulted in the up-regulation of several STAT5-responsive genes, such as Pim-1, Pim-2, and members of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) protein family. These results are particularly interesting because recent data point to an important role of Pim kinases in the antiapoptosis of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-256657 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1763 TPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203552 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser455 SIDSEPGsPLLDDAK 9606 14988395 t lperfetto "Insulin-activated erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 at serine residues 432 and 455 in vivo.Further characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and promoter reporter gene analyses revealed that phosphorylation does not influence protein/dna interaction, but enhances trans-activity." SIGNOR-123045 XRCC3 protein O43542 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 23438602 f lperfetto "Interestingly, as with ATM (40, 41), XRCC3-deficient cells exhibited RDS and impaired CHK2 activation|Notably, early activation of CHK2 in S/G2 phase was downstream of XRCC3 recruitment as well as its phosphorylation at the sites of DSBs. NBS1 also has been shown to be involved in the early activation of CHK2 in response to IR (42). It is likely that NBS1-dependent CHK2 phosphorylation is mediated through XRCC3 activation." SIGNOR-263261 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT RTN4 protein Q9NQC3 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser107 VAPERQPsWDPSPVS 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000801 16095439 t llicata "Nogo-b is phosphorylated at ser107 in vitro by mapkap-k2" SIGNOR-139486 PIK3R4 protein Q99570 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex I" complex SIGNOR-C242 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30397185 t lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260317 PECAM1 protein P16284 UNIPROT CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18626062 t miannu "As a receptor, CD38 interacts with its ligand CD31 [15,16]. CD31, also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), is a 130 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that consists of six extracellular immunoglobulin-like homology domains, a 19-residue transmembrane domain, and a 118-residue cytoplasmic tail" SIGNOR-264254 TET1 protein Q8NFU7 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27121319 t irozzo "We also found that TET1 directly binds to the promoter region of PTEN and activates its transcription through demethylation of CpG islands" SIGNOR-259096 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PVR protein P15151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000914 21406724 f "The up-regulation of PVR expression involves DNA-damage response (DDR)-dependent pathways, because we found that pharmacologic inhibition of ATM and ATR kinases reduced PVR expression and that PVR was almost exclusively induced on cells expressing the DDR marker γH2AX." SIGNOR-253927 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000182;BTO:0000018 15718470 t lperfetto "The rictor-mtor complex directly phosphorylated akt/pkb on ser473 in vitro and facilitated thr308 phosphorylation by pdk1" SIGNOR-252600 SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002058 20501643 f miannu "When Spry4 was stably transfected into H157 and H2122 NSCLC cell lines, decreased migration and invasion were observed. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was decreased, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP1 and CD82 were increased. Stable expression of Spry4 led to reduced cell growth and reduced anchorage-independent growth in NSCLC cell lines, along with upregulation of tumor suppressors p53 and p21." SIGNOR-253041 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3). the dual specificity phosphatases that specifically dephosphorylate and inactivate the p-erk1/2 are called mapk phosphatases" SIGNOR-269923 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser78 SSGSPANsFHFKEAW -1 14709557 t miannu "AMPK can phosphorylate three sites in eEF2 kinase in vitro. Of these, Ser-398 appears to be more efficiently phosphorylated than either Ser-78 or Ser-366. Ser-78 and Ser-366 do not appear to be phosphorylated by AMPK within cells. Ser-366 serves to decrease the activity of eEF2 kinase" SIGNOR-250321 LTB4R protein Q15722 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256691 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000165 12063245 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Consensus phosphorylation sites for p42/44 MAPK and GSK-3 are present in the SP repeat of MCIP1 at serine 112 and serine 108, respectively |Several endogenous proteins are capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of calcineurin. Modulatory calcineurin interacting protein 1 (MCIP1) is unique among these proteins on the basis of its pattern of expression and its function in a negative feedback loop to regulate calcineurin activity. Here we show that MCIP1 can be phosphorylated by MAPK and glycogen synthase kinase-3 and that phosphorylated MCIP1 is a substrate for calcineurin." SIGNOR-270026 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC9 protein Q93079 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271991 KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000232 22196734 t Gianni "Activity-dependent alternative splicing of Nrxn1 requires the KH-domain RNA binding protein SAM68 which associates with RNA response elements in the Nrxn1 pre-mRNA. Our findings uncover SAM68 as a key regulator of dynamic control of Nrxn1 molecular diversity and activity-dependent alternative splicing in the central nervous system." SIGNOR-269057 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT PLD1 protein Q13393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser505 GSVKRVTsGPSLGSL 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 SIGNOR-C15 20231899 t gcesareni "Ampk-wild type (wt) stimulates pld activity, while ampk-dominant negative (dn) inhibits it. Ampk regulates pld1 activity through phosphorylation of the ser-505 and this phosphorylation is increased by the presence of amp." SIGNOR-164293 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR LONRF1 protein Q17RB8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271156 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT PROC protein P04070 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 28125048 t lperfetto "Gamma-carboxylation is essential in the activation and proper functioning of multiple VK-dependent proteins (VKDP), the most well-known of which are involved in blood clotting, including coagulation factors (FII, FVII, FIX and FX) and natural anti-clotting agents (protein C, protein S (ProS; OMIM*176880) and protein Z" SIGNOR-265925 APH1B protein Q8WW43 UNIPROT PSENEN protein Q9NZ42 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12522139 t gcesareni "Furthermore, overexpression of aph-1 facilitates pen-2-mediated ps1 proteolysis, resulting in a significant increase in ps1 fragments. Our data reveal a direct role of pen-2 in proteolytic cleavage of ps1 and a regulatory function of aph-1, in coordination with pen-2, in the biogenesis of the ps1 complex." SIGNOR-97110 MARCHF1 protein Q8TCQ1 UNIPROT HLA-DRB3 protein P79483 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys254 FIYFRNQkGHSGLQP 9606 19117940 t miannu "Two E3 ligases, MARCH I and MARCH VIII, have been shown to polyubiquitinate lysine residue 225 in the cytoplasmic tail of I-Abeta and HLA-DRbeta. We show that lysine residue 219 in the cytoplasmic tail of DRalpha is also subject to polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-271410 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9099724 t 2 miannu "Coexpression of NFI-B3 with other isoforms of the NFI-B, -C, and -X family, however, led to a strong reduction of transcriptional activation compared with the expression of these factors alone. NFI-B3 apparently forms heterodimers with other NFI proteins thereby interfering with their function." SIGNOR-240915 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 17613434 t irozzo "RXR Binding Increases the DNA-Binding Affinity of PML/RARA. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of the RARA heterodimeric partner RXR in the PML/RARA complex is required for leukemogenesis in transgenic mice. RXR greatly facilitates the binding of PML/RARA to DNA, but titration of RXR by PML/RARA could also contribute to transformation." SIGNOR-255804 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT AKAP11 protein Q9UKA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1136 AKEFAPAtPPSTPHN 9606 BTO:0000007 26088133 t lperfetto "A-kinase anchoring protein 220 (AKAP220) is a multivalent anchoring protein that can sequester a variety of signal transduction enzymes. These include protein kinase A (PKA) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). Using a combination of molecular and cellular approaches we show that GSK3beta phosphorylation of Thr-1132 on AKAP220 initiates recruitment of this kinase into the enzyme scaffold. We also find that AKAP220 anchors GSK3beta and its substrate beta-catenin in membrane ruffles." SIGNOR-264816 "IPP complex" complex SIGNOR-C380 SIGNOR ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 27590440 t lperfetto "Apart from binding with integrins on the membrane, IPP complex can interact with the cytoskeleton as well as many signaling proteins inside the cell. Up to now, dozens of IPP complex-related proteins have been identified. One of these proteins is parvin that binds to F-actin, thus connecting ECM with cytoskeleton.17 In the following, we will discuss PINCH-interacting proteins and their roles." SIGNOR-265768 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser379 SKILGETsLMRTLCG 9606 BTO:0000007 18644861 t lperfetto "Regulation of chk2 ubiquitination and signaling through autophosphorylation of serine 379.Thus, auto-/transphosphorylation of s379 is required for chk2 ubiquitination and effector function" SIGNOR-179537 AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 14657015 t lperfetto "A-kinase-anchoring protein 250 (AKAP250; gravin) acts as a scaffold that binds protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C and protein phosphatases, associating reversibly with the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor." SIGNOR-271837 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser405 SHPLSLTsDQYKAYL -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178383 "diisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:35459 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "We discovered that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), two of the highest volume production agents, were potent activators of human CAR2 (hCAR2), a unique human CAR splice variant and, to a lesser degree, human PXR (hPXR)." SIGNOR-268775 FMR1 protein Q06787 UNIPROT SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 32118033 t lperfetto "These results point toward a novel mechanism by which FUS targets neuronal mRNA and given that these PSD-95 and Shank1 3'-UTR G quadruplex structures are also targeted by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), they raise the possibility that FUS and FMRP might work together to regulate the translation of these neuronal mRNA targets." SIGNOR-262109 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGB5 protein Q9Y5G0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265692 PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT GPSM2 protein P81274 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr457 LKGKKYKtNSSTKVL 9606 BTO:0000150 20589935 t lperfetto "We found that the 450th threonine (thr450) of lgn/gpsm2 was phosphorylated by the serine/threonine kinase pbk/topk during mitosis. Western blot analysis indicated the highest expression and the phosphorylated form of lgn/gpsm2 protein in g2/m phase." SIGNOR-166461 P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001545 19516275 f miannu "Hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) inhibits the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is a key RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcriptional regulator. In transfected cells, mutated NPM1 associated with, and sequestered, HEXIM1 in cytoplasm, resulting in higher transcription of RNA pol II target genes, among which were some positive regulators of cell-cycle progression such as cyclin D1 and anti-apoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1" SIGNOR-260137 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGB5 protein Q9Y5G0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265714 PCSK5 protein Q92824 UNIPROT "Neurophysin 1" protein P01178-PRO_0000020496 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0001073 11690596 t miannu "Oxytocin-extended form is further cleaved by enzymatic activity to yield the nine-amino-acid active peptide, OT. The proteolysis may involve several pro-hormone convertases, convertase 2 (PC2) (20p11-1-11.2) and convertase 5 (PC5) (9q21.3) (Gabreels et al 1998). Both enzymes are found in OT neurosecretory vesicles and are a part of a family of subtilisen/kexinlike convertases (Seidah et al 1994). It is a product of the OT gene located at human gene locus 20p13 (Rao et al 1992). The processing cascade results in the production of neurophysin I and OT extended form (OT-X), which is OT with a C-terminal, three-amino-acid extension." SIGNOR-270336 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT KIF13B protein Q9NQT8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr506 SEGQVMLtPQKNTRT 10029 BTO:0000246 27512725 t miannu "Overexpression of Cdk5 or its activator p35 promoted and inhibition of Cdk5 activity prevented the KIF13B-TRPV1 association, indicating that Cdk5 promotes TRPV1 anterograde transport by mediating the motor-cargo association. Cdk5 phosphorylates KIF13B at Thr-506, a residue located in the FHA domain. T506A mutation reduced the motor-cargo interaction and the cell-permeable TAT-T506 peptide, targeting to the Thr-506, decreased TRPV1 surface localization, demonstrating the essential role of Thr-506 phosphorylation in TRPV1 transport." SIGNOR-262737 GLUD2 protein P49448 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9913 11254391 t miannu "Glutamate dehydrogenase is found in all organisms and catalyses the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate." SIGNOR-268557 peptide smallmolecule CHEBI:16670 ChEBI "Translation release factor ERF1-ERF3" complex SIGNOR-C494 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29735640 t miannu "Termination of mRNA translation occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome, and in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a ternary eRF1/eRF3–guanosine triphosphate (GTP) complex. eRF1 recognizes the stop codon, and after hydrolysis of GTP by eRF3, mediates release of the nascent peptide. " SIGNOR-270815 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT SOS2 protein Q07890 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85." SIGNOR-175180 "Diisodecyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:34709 ChEBI SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003800 16257484 f miannu "DIDP, BBP and DOP stimulate NIS mRNA expression. Here, hNIS promoter construct (N3) was up-regulated 2.5-fold by DIDP, 2.6-fold by BBP and 2.4-fold by DOP in the presence of TSH. Likewise, these phthalates also enhanced rNIS endogenous mRNA expression, which increased ca. 2-fold after 48 h of treatment compared with the expression level generated by TSH only. At 72 h, mRNA content was unchanged." SIGNOR-268742 PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256995 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2NL protein Q5JXB2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271370 PCDH15 protein Q96QU1 UNIPROT TMC2 protein Q8TDI7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000630 25114259 t lperfetto "Although several studies show that the tip links, composed of PCDH15 and CDH23, are required for normal mechanotransduction, it is unclear how they are coupled to the transduction machinery. Likewise, it has been demonstrated that the transmembrane channel-like proteins TMC1 and TMC2 are required for mechanosensitive responses in hair cells, but how they interact with other components of the mechanotransduction complex is not known. Here, we show that TMC1 and TMC2 can interact with PCDH15, thereby establishing a critical connection between the tip link and these putative components of the mechanotransduction channel in hair cells." SIGNOR-262583 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269825 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9534 BTO:0004055 11445557 t lperfetto "Regulation of Akt/PKB Activation by Tyrosine PhosphorylationAs shown in Fig. 2 d, while mutation of Tyr340 has little effect on either tyrosine phosphorylation or kinase activity of Akt induced by Src527F, substitution of Tyr315 or Tyr326 with a phenylalanine, respectively, dramatically reduces both the tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activity of Akt. The combination of these two mutations abolishes Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt as well as its kinase activity." SIGNOR-246368 MRPL34 protein Q9BQ48 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262363 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr996 EEAPEDLyKDFLTLE 9606 BTO:0000782 18840653 t gcesareni "Vegfr2 contains several critical tyrosine residues that are autophosphorylated following activation. Our phosphorylation assays showed that tcptp was able to target specific tyrosines in vegfr2. The autophosphorylation sites tyr1054/1059 and tyr1214 were dephosphorylated by tcptp. Tyr996 was a tcptp target as well." SIGNOR-181550 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33941852 f "Multi-subunit ATPase-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose non-fermentable) are fundamental epigenetic regulators of gene transcription. " SIGNOR-268623 KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264301 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CBLL2 protein Q8N7E2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271198 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser468 AVFTDLAsVDNSEFQ 9606 SIGNOR-C13 15489227 t gcesareni "Overexpressed ikkepsilon and tbk1 phosphorylate ser-536 in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-129939 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9576626 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a1 binds and activates the tyrosine kinase activity of eph-a2, and has a dissociation constant of 20_30 nm. ephrin-a1 interacts with all the other epha subclass receptors as well, although with different affinity" SIGNOR-56907 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257175 SEMA3B protein Q13214 UNIPROT PLXNA4 protein Q9HCM2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001176;BTO:0002036 25335892 t miannu "We provide evidence suggesting that, in endothelial cells and glioblastoma cells, plexin-A4 is a required component of both Sema3A and Sema3B receptor complexes and inhibition of its expression nullifies both Sema3A and Sema3B signaling. The specificity for Sema3A or Sema3B is determined by the presence of plexin-A1 in Sema3A receptors and plexin-A2 in Sema3B receptors, and silencing each abrogates signaling by the appropriate semaphorin. " SIGNOR-261810 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser638 FDFPKTPsSQNLLAL 9606 19584320 t lperfetto "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-216499 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp345 EEWEAQRdSHLGPHR -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261756 baicalein chemical CHEBI:2979 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258158 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251632 creatine smallmolecule CHEBI:16919 ChEBI CKB protein P12277 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265783 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PDE3A protein Q14432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser492 MTLTKSRsFTSSYAI 9606 19261611 t llicata "Protein kinase c-mediated phosphorylation and activation of pde3a regulate camp levels in human platelets. together, these results demonstrate that platelet activation stimulates pkc-dependent phosphorylation of pde3a on ser(312), ser(428), ser(438), ser(465), and ser(492) leading to a subsequent increase in camp hydrolysis and 14-3-3 binding." SIGNOR-184464 IL17RC protein Q8NAC3 UNIPROT "IL17R complex" complex SIGNOR-C260 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001946 32024054 t lperfetto "Importantly, IL-17 was involved in increased collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts in response to HG, with both subunits of the IL-17RA and IL-17RC heterodimer complex being important to mediating this response." SIGNOR-261336 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000562 10521487 t gcesareni "Heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activation by insulin results from ser-466 and ser-483 phosphorylation and requires 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, but not protein kinase b." SIGNOR-71419 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DOB protein P13765 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11823510 f "Class II transactivator is required for maximal expression of HLA-DOB in B cells|HLA-DO, encoded by the HLA-DOA and HLA-DOB genes, has been shown to function as a modulator of Ag presentation. DNA microarray comparisons between B cells wild-type and mutant for the master regulator of MHC class II transcription, class II transactivator (CIITA), identified HLA-DOA and HLA-DOB as being up-regulated by CIITA." SIGNOR-254015 RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 27660832 f lperfetto "Rad51 is a key component of homologous recombination (HR) to repair DNA double-strand breaks and it forms Rad51 recombinase filaments of broken single-stranded DNA to promote HR. In addition to its role in DNA repair and cell cycle progression, Rad51 contributes to the reprogramming process during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells" SIGNOR-251508 LAMA4 protein Q16363 UNIPROT Laminin-9 complex SIGNOR-C180 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10809728 t lperfetto "Laminins are a large family of heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins that, in addition to having structural roles, take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The laminin alpha(4) chain is widely distributed both in adults and during development in tissues such as cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle fibers, vascular endothelia, lungs, and in peripheral nerves. It can associate with laminin beta(1)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-8 and with the beta(2)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-9." SIGNOR-253223 KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002731 9707565 f Regulation miannu "EKLF is an acetylated transcription factor, and that it interacts in vivo with CBP, p300, and P/CAF. However, its interactions with these histone acetyltransferases are not equivalent, as CBP and p300, but not P/CAF, utilize EKLF as a substrate for in vitro acetylation within its trans-activation region. The functional effects of these interactions are that CBP and p300, but not P/CAF, enhance EKLF's transcriptional activation of the beta-globin promoter in erythroid cells." SIGNOR-251790 COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16794074 t miannu "TRB3 appears to inhibit ACC activity by functioning as an adaptor for COP1.  Taken together, these results suggest that TRB3 may promote loss of fat by mediating the COP1-dependent ubiquitination and inactivation of ACC. Taking these results together, we propose that TRB3 may protect against diet-induced obesity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation in adipose during fasting through the COP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ACC (Fig. 4D)." SIGNOR-271598 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser323 KDLGRSEsLRVVCRP 9606 16456544 t lperfetto "Mk2 activated limk1 by phosphorylation at ser-323." SIGNOR-144333 ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 27871158 t lperfetto "Actin exists in polymer where filamin and α-actinin act as cross-linkers with approximately 1:10 ratios" SIGNOR-261852 CBX3 protein Q13185 UNIPROT NIPBL protein Q6KC79 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 28167679 t miannu "The heterochromatin protein HP1γ (also known as CBX3) recruits NIPBL to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through the corresponding HP1-binding motif within the N-terminus." SIGNOR-264524 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16205321 f gcesareni "The results showed that the nuclear pkcalpha was significantly decreased in the liver during sepsis, which was accompanied by decreases in phospho-creb content, dna-binding activity of creb, and bcl-xl expression." SIGNOR-140911 WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19274063 t lperfetto "WWP2 promotes degradation of transcription factor OCT4 in human embryonic stem cells|Here, we report that human WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin (Ub)-protein ligase, interacts with OCT4 specifically through its WW domain and enhances Ub modification of OCT4 both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-268850 (S)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:40751 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258453 lovastatin chemical CHEBI:40303 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000318 9727070 t miannu "The antihypercholesterolemic drug lovastatin also activated hPXR as did phenobarbital and the organochlorine pesticide transnonachlor (Fig. 4 A). Thus, hPXR is activated by a remarkably diverse group of synthetic compounds that are known to induce CYP3A4 gene expression (Fig. 4 C)." SIGNOR-258828 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser66 TSLVEGRsCGWVPPP -1 14688255 t miannu "We confirm phosphorylation of TTP by MK2 and identify specific phosphorylation sites at Ser52, Ser105, Ser58, Ser176, Ser178, and Ser316. If MK2 regulates translation in part by TTP phosphorylation, TTP should be a repressor of translation when dephosphorylated and an activator of (or neutral to) translation when phosphorylated." SIGNOR-250154 DAMPS stimulus SIGNOR-ST18 SIGNOR NAIP protein Q13075 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f lperfetto "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-256420 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser363 ALLQSSAsRKTQKKK 9606 11325528 t lperfetto "We found that Ebp1 was basally phosphorylated in AU565 breast cancer cells on serine/threonine residues and that this phosphorylation was enhanced by heregulin treatment. Both serine and threonine residues of a GST-Ebp1 fusion protein were phosphorylated by PKC in vitro. In vivo, we demonstrated that basal Ebp1 phosphorylation was dependent upon PKC." SIGNOR-249089 glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 27126896 f Luana " Importantly, asparagine/glutamine pre-load only results in mTOR activation following amino acid stimulation (Fig. 5a), indicating that it is their exchange factor roles that elicit mTORC1 activation." SIGNOR-268012 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT SDHA protein P31040 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr604 YKVRIDEyDYSKPIQ -1 17997986 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that the flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase are ""in vitro"" substrates of Fgr tyrosine kinase. Fgr phosphorylates flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase at Y535 and Y596 and aconitase at Y71, Y544 and Y665. Further experiments will be necessary to verify if Fgr is the tyrosine kinase responsible for the tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins in vivo and to elucidate the role of these phosphorylations." SIGNOR-262873 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15765505 f gcesareni "Runx2 is an important mediator of the expression of bmp-2 in response to fgf stimulation in cranial bone development" SIGNOR-134515 SNTA1 protein Q13424 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255991 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser236 AKRRRLSsLRASTSK 9606 17360704 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that while ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1) phosphorylates rps6 at all sites, rsk exclusively phosphorylates rps6 at ser(235/236) in vitro and in vivo using an mtor-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-153622 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser240 RLSSLRAsTSKSESS 9606 21233202 t lperfetto "In response to mitogenic stimuli, rps6 undergoes ordered c-terminal phosphorylation by p70 s6 kinases and p90 ribosomal s6 kinases on four conserved ser residues (ser-235, ser-236, ser-240, and ser-244) whose modification potentiates rps6 cap binding activity" SIGNOR-171243 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser178 LFTQRQNsAPARMLS 9606 12676583 t Manara "Chk2 phosphorylates a subset of the Chk1-targeted sites of Cdc25A | Phosphorylation of serines 123, 178, 278, and 292 regulates both basal and IR-induced accelerated proteolysis of Cdc25A" SIGNOR-260833 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265417 POT1/ACD complex SIGNOR-C64 SIGNOR "Shelterin complex" complex SIGNOR-C306 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15383534 t lperfetto "Telosome, a mammalian telomere-associated complex formed by multiple telomeric proteins|Gel filtration reveals a complex consisting of POT1 , RAP1, TRF1, ACD, TERF2 and TINF2 proteins." SIGNOR-263318 GRM8 protein O00222 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264939 GUCA2A protein Q02747 UNIPROT GUCY2C protein P25092 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10845107 t gcesareni "Guanylins activate two receptors, gc-c and ok-gc, which are expressed in intestine and/or kidney" SIGNOR-78096 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT KRT14 protein P02533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11875647 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "UVB increases keratin 5 and keratin 14 expression through direct activation of the EGF receptor in SVHK." SIGNOR-251901 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ELOF1 protein P60002 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272685 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser745 FEKEKLKsQWNNDNP 9606 11700305 t lperfetto "Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) delta and PKCbetaI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCalpha and PKCeta also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCalpha additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. |" SIGNOR-249119 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 28137827 t miannu "Binding of S100A9 to TLR4 stimulates the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, which leads to the activation of c-Jun, CREB, and NF-κB. Activation of neutrophils by S100A9 also proceeds via p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-261930 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser141 DYNETDWsQEFISEV 9606 BTO:0000007 26344566 t "Specificity for autophagy of peroxisomes (pexophagy) is provided by ATM phosphorylation of PEX5 at Ser 141, which promotes PEX5 monoubiquitylation at Lys 209, and recognition of ubiquitylated PEX5 by the autophagy adaptor protein p62, directing the autophagosome to peroxisomes to induce pexophagy. " SIGNOR-262792 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264283 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1055 VPEGHEYyRVREDGD 9606 8702790 t llicata "These results indicate that tyk2 is activated by phosphorylation on tyr-1054 and/or tyr-1055 and that this phosphorylation requires another kinase, most likely jak1." SIGNOR-43084 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr378 EPEPENDyEDVEEMD 9606 9104825 t llicata "Here, we show that bcr-associated tyrosine kinases lyn and syk synergistically phosphorylate hs1, and that tyr-378 and tyr-397 of hs1 are the critical residues for its bcr-induced phosphorylation. once the two tyrosine residues are both phosphorylated, processive phosphorylation of hs1 by lyn and the other src family kinases would take place, producing hyperphosphorylated form of hs1. Finally, it is this hyperphosphorylated form of hs1 that translocates to the nucleus and activates b cell apoptosis." SIGNOR-47338 UCHL1 protein P09936 UNIPROT UBC protein P0CG48 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 9521656 t lperfetto "These data suggest that the physiological role of UCH is to hydrolyze small adducts of ubiquitin and to generate free monomeric ubiquitin from ubiquitin proproteins, but not to deubiquitinate ubiquitin-protein conjugates or disassemble polyubiquitin chains" SIGNOR-249693 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT HTT protein P42858 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1199 EQASVPLsPKKGSEA 9606 BTO:0000938 17611284 t lperfetto "Huntingtin is an antiapoptotic proteinwe show here that huntingtin is phosphorylated by the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) at serines 1181 and 1201. Phosphorylation can be induced by dna damage in vitro and in vivo. The state of huntingtin phosphorylation is a crucial regulator of neuronal cell death. Absence of phosphorylation of huntingtin at serines 1181 and 1201 confers toxic properties to wild-type huntingtin in a p53-dependent manner in striatal neurons and accelerates neuronal death induced by dna damage." SIGNOR-156840 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI LILRB2 protein Q8N423 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002042 18652845 f miannu "Although RAPA downregulated ILT2, ILT3 and ILT4 expression in DC, the inhibition of T cell proliferation by RAPA-treated DC is predominantly due to the reduction of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression rather than the propensity to generate FoxP3 expressing regulatory cells." SIGNOR-255477 NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT down-regulates acetylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 12771131 t gcesareni "In this study we assessed the effect of smrt and dax-1 on ar and pr activity in the presence of both agonists and partial antagonists. We show that smrt and dax-1 repress agonist-dependent activity of both receptors, and the mechanism of repression includes disruption of the receptor dimer interactions rather than recruitment of histone deacetylases." SIGNOR-101289 obinutuzumab antibody DB08935 DRUGBANK MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001546;BTO:0004656 28584136 t miannu "Obinutuzumab (OBZ) is a recombinant type II anti-CD20 and immunoglobulin G1 Fc-optimized monoclonal antibody (mAb), recently approved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; B-cell CLL) and follicular lymphoma (FL)." SIGNOR-259896 GNAI2 protein P04899 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8327893 t gcesareni "Concentration-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclases by purified Gi alpha subunits is described. Activated Gi alpha but not G(o) alpha was effective, and myristoylation of Gi alpha was required" SIGNOR-37973 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000093 20130088 t miannu "I3C-dependent activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) initiates Rbx-1 E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ERalpha protein." SIGNOR-271434 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18593906 t tpavlidou "Pim-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation of forkhead transcription factors, foxo1a and foxo3a, was involved in the transcriptional repression of the p27(kip1) gene." SIGNOR-259427 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271033 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser12 ESPLCPLsPLEAGDL 9606 10187842 t lperfetto "We now demonstrate that amino acids 1-92 of hPPARalpha contain an activation function (AF)-1-like domain, which is further activated by insulin through a pathway involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 and p44. Further analysis of the amino-terminal region of PPARalpha revealed that the insulin-induced trans-activation occurs through the phosphorylation of two mitogen-activated protein kinase sites at positions 12 and 21, both of which are conserved across evolution." SIGNOR-249473 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 SIGNOR-C7 15009097 t gcesareni "Gcn5 functions like pcaf, in that it binds to tgf-beta-specific r-smads, and enhances transcriptional activity induced by tgf-beta. In addition, gcn5, but not pcaf, interacts with r-smads for bone morphogenetic protein (bmp) signalling pathways, and enhances bmp-induced transcriptional activity, suggesting that gcn5 and pcaf have distinct physiological functions in vivo." SIGNOR-123318 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9590696 t gcesareni "Transactivation of these templates depends on the association of the GR with co-activators such as SRC-1/NcoA1, GRIP-1/TIF-2/NcoA2 and p300/CBP." SIGNOR-251682 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAPGEF1 protein Q13905 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr504 APIPSVPyAPFAAIL 9606 20581864 t llicata "Activation of endogenous c-abl by oxidative stress was associated with phosphorylation of cellular c3g on y504. Inhibition of c3g expression and function using rnai or dominant-negative approaches inhibited c-abl-mediated cell death." SIGNOR-166422 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser257 QIRLRRDsKEANARR -1 BTO:0002320 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249002 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser416 SVDDLANsGQVGTAR 9606 BTO:0000972 phosphorylation:Ser213 TRKLMEFsEHCAIIL 9155023 t lperfetto "Ser213, in the membrane-proximal segment outside the kinase domain, undergoes intra-molecular autophosphorylation which is essential for the activation of TbetaRII kinase activity, activation of TbetaRI and TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition. In contrast, phosphorylation of Ser409 and Ser416, located in a segment corresponding to the substrate recognition T-loop region in a three-dimensional structural model of protein kinases, is enhanced by receptor dimerization and can occur via an intermolecular mechanism. Phosphorylation of Ser409 is essential for TbetaRII kinase signaling, while phosphorylation of Ser416 inhibits receptor function." SIGNOR-246737 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 10090 12773393 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "The results presented here show that MSK2 and, to a lesser extent, MSK1 are the major protein kinases required for the phosphorylation of histone H3 at both Ser10 and Ser28" SIGNOR-249211 FCER1G/FCER1G complex SIGNOR-C199 SIGNOR FCER1 complex SIGNOR-C200 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000830 16470226 t "Alessandro Palma" "FcepsilonRI is a tetrameric receptor that comprises an alpha-chain, which is responsible for binding IgE, as well as a beta-chain and a disulphide-linked gamma-chain homo dimer, which are responsible for initiating signalling." SIGNOR-254962 SGCB protein Q16585 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255986 "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30397315 f miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270713 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr364 SCFTNQGyFFFHLPD 9534 8700888 t "In COS-7 cells, overexpression of Jak1 augmented phosphorylation of Y338 as well as Y392 and Y510. Y392 and Y510 were critical for IL-2-induced activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT proteins), Y338 was required for Shc-IL-2Rbeta association and for IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc." SIGNOR-251342 "a7/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C126 SIGNOR "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9925758 f lperfetto "These data indicate that alpha7 expression leads to the functional down regulation of alpha5beta1 integrin by decreasing ligand binding affinity and surface expression. In conclusion, the data reported establish the existence of a negative cooperativity between alpha7 and alpha5 integrins that may be important in determining functional regulation of integrins during myogenic differentiation." SIGNOR-253251 NFASC protein O94856 UNIPROT ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266717 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000149 15886098 t amattioni "Abl2 kinase activity toward crk leads to increased phosphorylation of crk, inhibiting this cytoskeletal regulator by promoting intramolecular over intermolecular associations." SIGNOR-136958 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AJ protein Q9BTM1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESQKT 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271763 HMBOX1 protein Q6NT76 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002030 21839858 t Luana "Additionally, by luciferase reporter assay, HMBOX1 displayed suppressive effect on the transcription activity of IFN-γ promoter. " SIGNOR-261625 FANCB protein Q8NB91 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263241 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT KIF20A protein O95235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser878 RILRSRRsPLLKSGP 9606 BTO:0000567 27939310 t miannu "We identify MKlp2 as an essential protein for promoting abscission, which may regulate tethering and stabilizing of the PM to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Aurora B phosphorylation of MKlp2 S878 in the LAM is a key inhibitory signal for abscission. Conversely, B56-PP2A promotes abscission by opposing Aurora B phosphorylation of MKlp2 S878." SIGNOR-262659 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20457810 f lperfetto "Soluble pref-1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (erk/mapk) and the subsequent upregulation of sox9 expression." SIGNOR-244750 BAP1 protein Q92560 UNIPROT ASXL3 protein Q9C0F0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000189 32669118 t miannu "We report a critical link between BAP1 complex and BRD4, which is bridged by the physical interaction between ASXL3 and BRD4 in an SCLC subtype (SCLC-A), which expresses a high level of ASCL1. We further showed that ASXL3 functions as an adaptor protein, which directly interacts with BRD4's extra-terminal (ET) domain via a novel BRD4 binding motif (BBM), and maintains chromatin occupancy of BRD4 to active enhancers." SIGNOR-266761 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys63 TGGMANVkAAPKIID 9606 BTO:0002806 30327428 t miannu "SIRT1 deacetylates XPA at residues K63, K67, and K215 to promote interactions with ATR" SIGNOR-262293 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser50 SPTFRSDsPVPTAPT 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265946 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "The raf family of proteins (raf-1, a-raf, and b-raf) is serine/threonine kinases that bind to the effector region of ras-gtp, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane. Once there, raf proteins are activated and phosphorylated by different protein kinases." SIGNOR-147327 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17652154 t gcesareni "Because adenylyl cyclases are directly activated by G(s)alpha and the carboxyl termini of the various Galpha proteins determine their receptor coupling specificity, we proposed a set of chimeric G(s)alpha where the COOH-terminal five amino acids are replaced by those of other Galpha proteins and used these to dissect the potential Galpha linked to a given GPCR" SIGNOR-156958 TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT TF protein P02787 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20796026 f miannu "Ectopic expression of CP2 led to increased transferrin expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas knockdown of CP2 down-regulated transferrin mRNA and protein expression." SIGNOR-255429 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269603 NSF protein P46459 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C346 16679567 t miannu "NSF is an important regulator of SNARE assembly/disassembly. NSF binds to SNAP-25, while in complex with other SNAREs, and hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate to disassemble the SNARE complex down to monomers" SIGNOR-263974 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257346 HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "Chaperone-mediated protein folding" phenotype SIGNOR-PH120 SIGNOR up-regulates 28286085 f lperfetto "The HSPA5 gene encodes the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), an Hsp70 family chaperone localized in the ER lumen.|When unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER overwhelm the capacity of protein folding machinery, BiP can initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR), decrease unfolded/misfolded protein load, induce autophagy, and crosstalk with apoptosis machinery to assist in the cell survival decision." SIGNOR-265283 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 16854453 t lperfetto "Akt and protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylate s259 on raf-1 and inhibit its activity." SIGNOR-244337 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12226744 f miannu "We show that the ectopic expression of wild-type hsnf5/ini1, but not that of truncated versions, leads to a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the entry into s phase of mrt cells. This g1 arrest is associated with down-regulation of a subset of e2f targets including cyclin a, e2f1 and cdc6." SIGNOR-92782 MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12912994 t gcesareni "Mek5 is the mapk kinase that phosphorylates and activates erk5 in response to growth factors, oxidative stress, and hyperosmotic conditions." SIGNOR-104631 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2T protein Q9NPD8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271350 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 20852628 t gcesareni "Here we show that SCF²-TrCP binds to Myc by means of a characteristic phosphodegron and ubiquitylates Myc; this results in enhanced Myc stability." SIGNOR-243542 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR CDT1 protein Q9H211 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 14578910 t miannu "We show that radiation-mediated CDT1 proteolysis is independent of ATM and CHK2 and can occur in G1-phase cells. Loss of the COP9-signalosome (CSN) or CUL4-ROC1 complexes completely suppresses CDT1 proteolysis. CDT1 is specifically polyubiquitinated by CUL4 complexes and the interaction between CDT1 and CUL4 is regulated in part by gamma-irradiation. Our study reveals an evolutionarily conserved and uncharacterized G1 checkpoint that induces CDT1 proteolysis by the CUL4-ROC1 ubiquitin E3 ligase and CSN complexes in response to DNA damage." SIGNOR-272810 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr402 CSIESDIyAEIPDET 10116 11337490 t "Inhibition of the catalytic activity of cell adhesion kinase beta by protein-tyrosine phosphatase-PEST-mediated dephosphorylation|CAKbeta was found to be a substrate for PTP-PEST. Both the major autophosphorylation site of CAKbeta (Tyr(402)) and activation loop tyrosine residues, Tyr(579) and Tyr(580), were targeted for dephosphorylation by PTP-PEST. Dephosphorylation of CAKbeta by PTP-PEST dramatically inhibited CAKbeta kinase activity." SIGNOR-248662 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser407 DSQGRNCsTNDSLL -1 8662852 t "we report the identification of the sites of GRK2- and GRK5-mediated beta2AR phosphorylation. six are phosphorylated by GRK5 (Thr-384, Thr-393, Ser-396, Ser-401, Ser-407, and Ser-411)." SIGNOR-251197 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001544 31374292 t miannu "PTEN targets the protein phosphatase activity of BCR-ABL. PTEN has the same function as PTP1B, which can regulate BCR-ABL dephosphorylation [13]. However, whether PTEN can mediate BCR-ABL dephosphorylation remains unknown. We found that under-expression of PTEN significantly upregulated phosphorylation level of BCR-ABL. In order to verify the mechanisms, co-IP assays were applied, demonstrating the ways in which PTEN and BCR-ABL interact with each other." SIGNOR-260080 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT SERPIND1 protein P05546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val458 QATTVTTvGFMPLST -1 2318847 t miannu "Amino acid sequence analysis led to the conclusion that both neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G cleave HC at Ile66, which does not affect HC activity, and at Val439, near the reactive site Leu444, which inactivates HC." SIGNOR-256509 GTF2H2 protein Q13888 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 10949034 t Manara "TFIIH Phosphorylates Human Estrogen Receptor α at Serine 118 | We report here that Cdk7 overexpression stimulates transcription activation by ERα by stimulating phosphorylation of S118 in a ligand-dependent manner." SIGNOR-260817 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT SMPD1 protein P17405 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser510 DGNYSGSsHVVLDHE 9606 17303575 t lperfetto "Activation of acid sphingomyelinase by protein kinase cdelta-mediated phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of ser(508) proved to be an indispensable step for asmase activation and membrane translocation in response to pma" SIGNOR-153276 NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT ACVR1C protein Q8NER5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004094 15531507 t "Indirect_regulation of expression" miannu "Human activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), a type I receptor for Nodal. activation of the Nodal-ALK7 signaling pathway leads to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation." SIGNOR-251936 EXT2 protein Q93063 UNIPROT EXT1/EXT2 complex SIGNOR-C51 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11518722 t miannu "Biochemical analysis shows that ext1 and ext2 are type ii transmembrane glycoproteins and form a golgi-localized hetero-oligomeric complex that catalyzes the polymerization of hs" SIGNOR-109941 LNPEP protein Q9UIQ6 UNIPROT Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 25767437 t miannu "It has been shown that the steady state of the mature OT form can be controlled by an oxytocinase (P-LAP) that is produced in periphery and centrally by the OT-magnocellular neurons. Noticeably, P-LAP is also expressed in parvocellular OT neurons and in other brain structures| The OT intermediate forms are produced from E16.5 (see above) but the mature amidated OT form is detected only from birth. The released mature form is then degraded by an oxytocinase (PLAP)" SIGNOR-268552 gemcitabine chemical CHEBI:175901 ChEBI TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0003207 25562513 t miannu "2',2'-Difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (dFdC, gemcitabine) is a cytidine analogue active against several solid tumor types, such as ovarian, pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancer. The compound has a complex mechanism of action. Because of the structural similarity of one metabolite of dFdC, dFdUMP, with the natural substrate for thymidylate synthase (TS) dUMP, we investigated whether dFdC and its deamination product 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (dFdU) would inhibit TS. This study was performed using two solid tumor cell lines: the human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 and its dFdC-resistant variant AG6000. The specific TS inhibitor Raltitrexed (RTX) was included as a positive control. Using the in situ TS activity assay measuring the intracellular conversion of [5-(3)H]-2'-deoxyuridine or [5-(3)H]-2'-deoxycytidine to dTMP and tritiated water, it was observed that dFdC and dFdU inhibited TS." SIGNOR-259350 GFs stimulus SIGNOR-ST12 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 23300340 f lperfetto "Akt normally resides in the cytosol under serum-starved conditions, but translocates to the plasma membrane where it is subsequently phosphorylated and activated in response to growth factor treatment. Phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and at Ser473 by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) is required for full Akt activation" SIGNOR-245402 MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20921139 f lperfetto "We assessed both conversion of LC3-I to its cleaved and lipidated form LC3-II and its translocation to autophagic structures, two steps in autophagosome formation" SIGNOR-219403 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT TFF1 protein P04155 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 11517191 f "ER beta and ER alpha induced the expression of several endogenous genes such as pS2, TGF alpha, or the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 but, in contrast to ER alpha, ER beta was unable to regulate c-myc proto-oncogene expression" SIGNOR-253939 NBEAL2 protein Q6ZNJ1 UNIPROT Platelet_alpha_granule_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH136 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 28082341 f lperfetto "We compared platelet size and number of α-granules for two NBEAL2 and two GATA1-deficient patients and found reduced numbers of α-granules for all, with the defect being more pronounced for NBEAL2 deficiency. " SIGNOR-261883 CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser242 MDKRKDPsSVDIKKV -1 10480872 t llicata "The CLK family kinases, CLK1 and CLK2, phosphorylate and activate the tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-1B. | although CLK1 and CLK2 directly phosphorylate PTP-1B on both Ser50 and Ser242/Ser243, the preferred CLK phosphorylation site is Ser50, as it is preferentially phosphorylated at an approximate ratio of 9:1 over the Ser242/Ser243 site." SIGNOR-250775 olaparib chemical CHEBI:83766 ChEBI PARP3 protein Q9Y6F1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 25981132 t miannu "The PARP inhibitor olaparib is currently tested in clinical phase 1 trials to define safe dose levels in combination with RT." SIGNOR-259320 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser11 KTKRTADsSSSEDEE 9606 21245376 t gcesareni "Hp1_ was multiply phosphorylated at n-terminal serine residues (s11-14) in human and mouse cells and that this phosphorylation enhanced hp1_'s affinity for h3k9me. Unphosphorylatable mutant hp1_ exhibited severe heterochromatin localization defects in vivo, and its prolonged expression led to increased chromosomal instability." SIGNOR-171695 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr35 LLKHAEAtLGSGNLR 9606 23431053 t milica "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-201294 MRPL57 protein Q9BQC6 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262341 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT SIGLEC10 protein Q96LC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr597 RHSTILDyINVVPTA 9606 11733002 t lperfetto "These results suggest that the tyrosines at positions 597 and 667, contained within itim-like motifs, are likely targets of phosphorylation by several classes of signaling molecules, including lck, jak3, and emt. The tyrosine located at position y691 was also contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by lck and jak3 kinases. Y597 and y667 are likely involved in intracellular signaling" SIGNOR-112479 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Identification of tyrosine phosphatases that dephosphorylate the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-75993 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr223 LKKVVALyDYMPMNA -1 12573241 t "Btk-SH3 mutant Y223A was not phosphorylated by Itk. Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (TFKs) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop.|In Btk, the SH3 domain mutation Y223F results in enhanced fibroblast transformation, implying that the SH3 domain may play a negative regulatory role" SIGNOR-251333 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10837473 t gcesareni "Similar to pim1, pim2 phosphorylates bad, which antagonizes the pro-apoptotic function of bax" SIGNOR-259418 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates NBK6142 f "Whilst shh signalling is required for ventral oligodendrogenesis in the entire central nervous system, Gli2 activity only regulates oligodendrocyte development in the ventral spinal cord. Gli3 plays a nonessential role in ventral oligodendrogenesis during normal development. " SimoneGraziosi SIGNOR-269214 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr395 PLPSGLLtPPQSGKK 9606 14536078 t gcesareni "Our experiments suggest that gsk3 is the kinase primarily responsible for phosphorylation of cyclin e on t380" SIGNOR-118559 GRIK5 protein Q16478 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264346 BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 7834748 t lperfetto "Bad binds more strongly to Bcl-x, than Bcl-2 in mammalian cells, and it reversed the death repressor activity of Bcl-x,, but not that of Bcl-2. When Bad dimerized with Bcl-x,, Bax was displaced and apoptosis was restored." SIGNOR-249617 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser256 SPRRRAAsMDNNSKF 9606 BTO:0000150 12560069 t lperfetto "Furthermore, estrogen induced phosphorylation and perinuclear localization of the cell survival forkhead transcription factor fkhr in the cytoplasm in a pak1-dependent manner. In addition, pak1 directly interacted with fkhr and phosphorylated it. The noticed phosphorylation-dependent exclusion of fkhr from the nucleus impaired the ability of fkhr to activate its target fas ligand promoter containing the fkhr binding motif (fre) in cells treated with estrogen or expressing catalytically active pak1." SIGNOR-252968 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT MAG protein P20916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr620 LTEELAEyAEIRVK 10090 BTO:0000142 7525550 t "Fyn constitutively binds to MAG in a latent form. Ligand stimulation of L-MAG would result in activation of Fyn kinase and phosphorylation of Tyr-620. Binding and activation of PLC y through this phosphotyrosine residue would contribute to the signaling pathway involved in the regulation of myelination." SIGNOR-251178 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 18481201 f lperfetto "Pd98059, a specific inhibitor of mek in addition, immunoblot and immunostaining analysis revealed that phosphorylation of erk was increased by treatment with sb203580;whereas pd98059 increased the phosphorylation of p38, which implies a seesaw-like balance between erk and p38 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-244877 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr659 VADERVDyVVVDQQK 9606 11323411 t "These results suggest that Tyr(P)-627 and Tyr(P)-659 of Gab1 constitute a bisphosphoryl tyrosine-based activation motif (BTAM) that binds and activates SHP2.|Thus, physical association of activated SHP2 with Gab1 is necessary and sufficient to mediate the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Phosphopeptides derived from Gab1 were dephosphorylated by active SHP2 in vitro." SIGNOR-248675 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT H2AC11 protein P0C0S8 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr121 AVLLPKKtESHHKAK 9606 19965387 t lperfetto "the localization of hBub1 kinase usually defines the centromere-specific phosphorylation of H2A-T120. Accordingly, hSgo1 localized along the whole chromosome length in H2B-hBub1deltaN cells (Fig. 6D), indicating that H2A-pT120 plays a predominant role in defining shugoshin localization sites on the human chromosomes" SIGNOR-265261 PREX2 protein Q70Z35 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260570 TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT "SL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C464 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30693017 t lperfetto "SL1 comprises TBP, TAF1A (also known as TAFI48), TAF1B (also known as TAFI63), TAF1C (also known as TAFI110), and TAF1D (also known as TAFI41) and recruits the RNAP1 complex to induce PIC formation." SIGNOR-269562 SOHLH1 protein Q5JUK2 UNIPROT ZP3 protein P21754 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 16690745 t Luana "Cotransfection of a mouse Sohlh1 expression vector with E box-containing promoter regions of mouse Lhx8, Zp1, and Zp3 fused to luciferase resulted in significant transactivation . Mutation of the E box sequences abolished SOHLH1-dependent stimulation. Thus, Lhx8, Zp1, and Zp3 are likely direct downstream target genes of SOHLH1 through the E box elements in their promoters." SIGNOR-266078 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253855 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 22021368 t apalma "We found that AML1 inhibits NF-κB signaling through interaction with IκB kinase complex in the cytoplasm. Remarkably, AML1 mutants found in myeloid tumors lack the ability to inhibit NF-κB signaling, and human cases with AML1-related leukemia exhibits distinctly activated NF-κB signaling" SIGNOR-255690 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser179 RRFRRSQsDCGELGD -1 15850461 t miannu "Human CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-179 and Ser-244 by MAPKAP-K2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2) or MAPKAP-K3 in vitro. In the present paper we have identified CapZIP as a protein that is phosphorylated exceptionally rapidly by several SAPKs in vitro (Figure 4), and which is expressed in muscles and immune cells. Both MAPKAP-K2 and MAPKAP-K3 phosphorylated CapZIP at Ser-179 in vitro. An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263079 RNMT protein O43148 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27422871 t lperfetto "Maturation and translation of mRNA in eukaryotes requires the addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap. In vertebrates, the cap methyltransferase, RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT), has an activating subunit, RNMT-Activating Miniprotein (RAM). Here we report the first crystal structure of the human RNMT in complex with the activation domain of RAM." SIGNOR-268316 452342-67-5 chemical CID:10202642 PUBCHEM TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193018 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT FCGR2A protein P12318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr288 YETADGGyMTLNPRA -1 8756631 t lperfetto "To identify the FcgammaRII-phosphorylating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), we used the combination of an in vitro and an in vivo approach. In an in vitro assay using recombinant cytoplasmic tails of the different FcgammaRII isoforms as well as tyrosine exchange mutants, we show that each of the BCR-associated PTKs (Lyn, Blk, Fyn, and Syk) shows different phosphorylation patterns with regard to the different FcgammaR isoforms and point|Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of Fc_RIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addi-tion to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249311 "perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:39421 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268763 IL18 protein Q14116 UNIPROT T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10653850 f miannu "IL-12 Synergizes With IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma Production From Human T Cells. IL-12 and IL-18 acted in a synergistic manner for the development of T cells into IFN-γ-producing cells without their TCR. Here we show that IL-12 and IL-1beta synergistically induce T cells to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma without their TCR engagement. IL-12 stimulation induced an increase in the proportion of T cells positive for IL-18R engagement." SIGNOR-260965 PGD protein P52209 UNIPROT NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24769394 t miannu "The major NADPH-producing enzymes in the cell are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), malic enzyme (ME) in the pyruvate cycling pathway, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle" SIGNOR-267053 PRPF31 protein Q8WWY3 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270643 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser231 KERDKEVsDDEAEEK 9606 BTO:0000567 2492519 t llicata "Both hsp 90 proteins are phosphorylated at two homologous sites. For the alpha protein, these sites correspond to serine 231 and serine 263. | Dephosphorylated hsp 90 is phosphorylated at both sites by casein kinase II from HeLa cells, calf thymus, or rabbit reticulocytes; no other hsp 90 residues were phosphorylated by casein kinase II in vitro." SIGNOR-250899 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "At the same time, rho signals to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 through rock and protein kinase n (pkn), leading to the transcriptional regulation of jun" SIGNOR-152765 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 21544813 f lperfetto "Screening by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and PCR arrays revealed that cyclin E1, CDK2, Fos and Jun were negatively regulated by ARNT, whereas CDKN1C, CNKN2A, CDKN2B, MAPK11 and MAPK14 were positively regulated in HCC" SIGNOR-253692 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-235715 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr221 AGTSFMMtPYVVTRY -1 10715136 t "Activation of JNK3 alpha 1 requires both MKK4 and MKK7. both MKK4 and MKK7 were required for bisphosphorylation and maximal enzyme activity. a processive mechanism for JNK3R1 activation that requires phosphorylation of Thr 221 by MKK7 prior to phosphorylation of Tyr 223 by MKK4" SIGNOR-251422 HAP1 protein P54257 UNIPROT KIF5C protein O60282 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31757889 t miannu "HAP1 and GRIP1 are kinesin-1 adaptors that have been implicated individually in the transport of vesicular cargoes in the dendrites of neurons. We find that HAP1a and GRIP1 form a protein complex in the brain, and co-operate to activate the kinesin-1 subunit KIF5C in vitro" SIGNOR-264062 TGFB3 protein P10600 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11157754 t miannu "T?RII Is known to bind the isoforms tgf??1 And tgf??3. Binding of these ligands causes recruitment of the type i receptor (t?RI) into a signalling receptor complex followed by activation of t?RI Through transphosphorylation" SIGNOR-104798 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser400 SRDESTDsGLSMSSY 9606 phosphorylation:Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 23431053 t milica "Phosphorylation of YAP (S381) and TAZ (S311) by Lats1/2 primes subsequent phosphorylation events by casein kinase 1 (CK1d/e); this sequential phosphorylation results in recruitment of b-transducin repeat-containing proteins (b-TRCP; a subunit of the SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase) and consequently leads to degradation of YAP/TAZ" SIGNOR-201143 BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257036 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT HNRNPC protein P07910 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser260 SEGGADDsAEEGDLL 9606 15687492 t gcesareni "In contrast, hnRNP-C1 that was also modified at the CK1alpha phosphorylation sites exhibited a 14-500-fold decrease in binding affinity, demonstrating that CK1alpha-mediated phosphorylation modulates the mRNA binding ability of hnRNP-C." SIGNOR-133532 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr531 HEEDADSyENMDNPD 10090 BTO:0000776 10933394 t lperfetto "Experiments with purified proteins demonstrated that CD19-Y513 was Lyn's initial phosphorylation and binding site. This led to processive phosphorylation of CD19-Y482, which recruited a second Lyn molecule, allowing for transphosphorylation and amplification of Lyn activation|Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 following BCR and/or CD19 ligation provides Src homology 2 (SH2) recognition motifs that recruit regulatory molecules to the cell surface. CD19 dually phosphorylated at CD19€“Y482 and CD19€“Y513 binds the tandem SH2 domains of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) p85 subuni" SIGNOR-249377 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr202 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 9677429 t "MAPK3/ERK1 is a MAPK which plays an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade." gcesareni "The mek1 proline-rich insert is required for efficient activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases erk1 and erk2 in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-59153 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14522900 f miannu " In this study, we found that a subset of ING family members strongly repressed human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter activity but stimulated the p21(WAF1) promoter in parallel experiments in the same cell type, similar to the effects of p53. Both ING1 and p53 were able to suppress AFP transcription and cause p21 induction" SIGNOR-254484 bethanechol chemical CHEBI:3084 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258623 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1724 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248743 EIF2AK1 protein Q9BQI3 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI 9606 11041858 t lperfetto "The wild-type and ser-48 mutant proteins became extensively phosphorylated by eif-2 kinases . The ser-51 mutant showed little covalent modification by the endogenous enzymes. Phosphorylation of the serine 51 residue in the alpha-subunit of translational initiation factor 2 in eukaryotes (eif2 alpha) impairs protein synthesis presumably by sequestering eif2b, a rate-limiting pentameric guanine nucleotide exchange protein which catalyzes the exchange of gtp for gdp in the eif2-gdp binary complex" SIGNOR-83226 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 11602185 f apalma "The GM-CSF promoted cell survival and proliferation correlated with MEK-1 dependent ERK1/2, Elk-1 and CREB phosphorylation and Egr-1, c-Fos expression as well as with increased STAT-5, AP-1, c-Myb and NF-kappaB DNA-binding." SIGNOR-255579 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205606 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 9512493 t lperfetto "The activation of PKBbeta and PKBamma by PDK11 was accompanied by the phosphorylation of the residues equivalent to Thr308 in PKBalpha, namely Thr309 (PKBbeta) and Thr305 (PKBgamma)" SIGNOR-244480 RPL10 protein P27635 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12138090 t miannu "The qm gene encodes a 24.5 kda ribosomal protein l10 known to be highly homologous to a jun-binding protein (jif-1), which inhibits the formation of jun-jun dimers." SIGNOR-90750 TRIM23 protein P36406 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003682 19176615 t miannu "We show here that the upregulation of NF-kappaB by UL144 is dependent upon cellular tripartite motif 23 (TRIM23) protein. We propose a mechanism by which UL144 activates NF-kappaB through a direct interaction with the cellular protein TRIM23 in a complex containing TRAF6. we propose that TRIM23 mediates TRAF6 autoubiquitination in the presence of UL144, resulting in the virally controlled activation of NF-κB stimulation at early times of HCMV infection." SIGNOR-266655 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT CTNND2 protein Q9UQB3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001033 21106062 f miannu "Coordinated regulation of δ-catenin expression by both the activating transcription factor E2F1 and repressive transcription factor Hes1 in prostate cancer progression." SIGNOR-251876 PAX3-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP12 SIGNOR FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t miannu "Several deregulated signalling pathways enhance cell growth by modulating cell-cycle regulatory factors in RMS. The most frequently affected signalling pathways include the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In ARMS, PAX-FOXO1 activates these pathways by transcriptional activation of receptor genes including IGFR1, FGFR4, MET (c-Met), and PDGFRA." SIGNOR-251569 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000848 16274845 f miannu "Alpha-MSH is an anti-inflammatory peptide which signals by binding to the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and elevating cyclic AMP in several different cells and tissues. The carboxyl terminal peptides of alpha-MSH (KPV/GKPV) are the smallest minimal sequences that prevent inflammation, but it is not known if they operate via MC1R or cyclic AMP. Immobilized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone 10-13 (GKPV) inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated NF-kappaB activity." SIGNOR-252371 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 8702756 t miannu "Here we found that Rho-kinase stoichiometrically phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC). Peptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analyses revealed that the primary phosphorylation site of MLC by Rho-kinase was Ser-19, which is the site phosphorylated by MLC kinase. Rho-kinase phosphorylated recombinant MLC, whereas it failed to phosphorylate recombinant MLC, which contained Ala substituted for both Thr-18 and Ser-19. We also found that the phosphorylation of MLC by Rho-kinase resulted in the facilitation of the actin activation of myosin ATPase." SIGNOR-261719 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr632 YHPYPEDyGDIEIGS -1 9195949 t "Tyr624 and Tyr628 are involved in the interaction between the IR and the KRLB domain of IRS-2, including tyrosine phosphorylation, and Tyr628 seems to be more important than Tyr624 in this process. the binding between the insulin receptor and the KRLB domain of IRS-2 results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the KRLB domain, and this leads to decreased binding of IRS-2 to the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-251319 B4GALT1 protein P15291 UNIPROT lactose smallmolecule CHEBI:17716 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16157350 t miannu "Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (beta4Gal-T1) transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins." SIGNOR-268469 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser65 SHLLVKHsQSRRPSS 9606 BTO:0000567 16118204 t llicata "Here we demonstrate that ser-65 in pin1 is the major site for plk1-specific phosphorylation, and the polo-box domain of plk1 is required for this phosphorylation. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of pin1 by plk1 does not affect its isomerase activity but rather is linked to its protein stability. pin1 is ubiquitinated in hela s3 cells, and substitution of glu for ser-65 reduces the ubiquitination of pin1." SIGNOR-139919 N-(6-Chloro-7-methoxy-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-8-yl)-2-methylnicotinamide chemical CID:9929127 PUBCHEM IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258249 RNF26 protein Q9BY78 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 27368102 t miannu "SQSTM1 Is a Substrate for RNF26 and the DUB USP15. Catalytically competent RNF26 (light red) recruits SQSTM1 (blue) and mediates ubiquitin ligation (red), which serves to attract UBDs of specific vesicle-associated adaptors." SIGNOR-269830 GPHN protein Q9NQX3 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 25882190 f miannu "Gephyrin is believed to act as a scaffold at inhibitory synapses, in a manner analogous to that of the prototypic excitatory synaptic scaffold, PSD-95. The best-known function of gephyrin is to bring the inhibitory synaptic receptors and to stabilize them at the inhibitory synapses. gephyrin interacts with NL-2 and collybistin, suggesting that it may be critical for the maturation or maintenance of inhibitory synapses." SIGNOR-264975 CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT CCDC102B protein Q68D86 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 30404835 t lperfetto "CCDC102B is recruited to the centrosome by C-Nap1 (also known as CEP250) and interacts with the centrosome linker components rootletin and LRRC45. CCDC102B decorates and facilitates the formation of rootletin filaments. Furthermore, CCDC102B is phosphorylated by Nek2A (an isoform encoded by NEK2) and is disassociated from the centrosome at the onset of mitosis." SIGNOR-275625 P2RY14 protein Q15391 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257118 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr568 SPGVPMQtPCFTLQY 9606 BTO:0000567 10806207 t llicata "Rskb, a 90-kda ribosomal s6 protein kinase family (rsk) member with two complete catalytic domains connected by a linker, is activated through p38- and erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases. unlike other rsks, the activation loop phosphorylation sites of both catalytic domains of rskb, ser(196) and thr(568), were required for activity. Rskb activation depended on phosphorylation of linker ser(343) and ser(360) and associated with phosphorylation of nonconserved ser(347), but ser(347)-deficient rskb retained partial activity." SIGNOR-77220 STK33 protein Q9BYT3 UNIPROT AKAP3 protein O75969 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation -1 37146716 t lperfetto "Differential phosphoproteomic analysis and in vitro kinase assay identified novel phosphorylation substrates of STK33, fibrous sheath components AKAP3 and AKAP4, whose expression levels decreased in testis after deletion of Stk33." SIGNOR-272955 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Ala86 PLQKQLPaFISEDAS -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263566 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 IIRLRNKtLIEDEIA 9606 BTO:0000150 20231902 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates mst2 at thr117 in vitro and in vivo, which leads to mst2 cleavage and kinase activity as well as nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-164302 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser175 SPASSGSsASFISDT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248682 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser209 DTATKSGsTTKNRFV 9606 20927323 t tpavlidou "A recent study using genetically engineered mouse models has clearly shown that mnk-mediated eif4e phosphorylation is absolutely required for eif4e's oncogenic action. Taken together, we conclude that pp2a negatively regulates eif4e phosphorylation and eif4f complex assembly through dephosphorylation of mnk and eif4e, thus suggesting a novel mechanism by which pp2a exerts its tumor-suppressive function." SIGNOR-168306 HCFC1 protein P51610 UNIPROT ZBTB17 protein Q13105 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 12244100 t miannu "We show here that HCF-1 directly binds to the Myc-interacting protein Miz-1. HCF-1 Represses Gal4-Miz-1-mediated Transcriptional Activation" SIGNOR-223590 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT KDM4A protein O75164 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000356 21768309 t lperfetto "SCF(FBXO22) regulates histone H3 lysine 9 and 36 methylation levels by targeting histone demethylase KDM4A for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-273442 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR IL1RN protein P18510 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000876 20032313 f miannu "The interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an important negative regulator of the inflammatory response, whose genetic deficiency has been recently shown to cause a severe autoinflammatory syndrome in humans. In this study we characterized the molecular mechanisms whereby interleukin 10 (IL-10) potentiates IL-1ra transcription in LPS-stimulated monocytes and neutrophils." SIGNOR-254794 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001950 21561061 t Luana "Activation of JNK pathway components in 3b-expressing cells was assessed by analyzing levels of active phosphorylated formsof JNK and its upstream kinase MEK4. An enhanced phosphor-ylation of JNK and MEK4 was observed in cells expressing 3b ascompared to control cells expressing GFP" SIGNOR-260759 STK33 protein Q9BYT3 UNIPROT AKAP4 protein Q5JQC9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation -1 37146716 t lperfetto "Differential phosphoproteomic analysis and in vitro kinase assay identified novel phosphorylation substrates of STK33, fibrous sheath components AKAP3 and AKAP4, whose expression levels decreased in testis after deletion of Stk33." SIGNOR-272956 STK33 protein Q9BYT3 UNIPROT STK33 protein Q9BYT3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 18811945 t lperfetto "Our results show that the serine/threonine kinase Stk33 phosphorylates the intermediate filament protein vimentin in vitro specifically in the vimentin head domain. Stk33 undergoes obligatory autophosphorylation, which might be a prerequisite for its kinasing activity." SIGNOR-272957 Amyloid_fibril_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH59 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates 26721223 f "Excessive accumulation of Aβ protein in the AD brain may lead to a decrease in the levels of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and the serine/threonine protein kinase B (Akt) activity." SIGNOR-255493 HARS1 protein P12081 UNIPROT histidine smallmolecule CHEBI:27570 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10430027 t miannu "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. This amino acid has uniquely moderate basic properties and is an important group in many catalytic functions of enzymes." SIGNOR-270486 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser112 AIKVEPAsPPYYSEK 9606 11733495 t gcesareni "Moreover, the inhibition of erks 1 and 2 with a mek inhibitor, u1026, lead to an inhibition in the decay of ppargamma proteins, indicating that serine phosphorylation influences the degradation of ppargamma in fat cells." SIGNOR-112544 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser124 PALKRSHsDSLDHDI 9606 11298456 t "Phosphorylation is the signal for ubiquitination" lperfetto "We show that IR-induced destruction of Cdc25A requires both ATM and the Chk2-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25A on serine 123." SIGNOR-106808 NOC3L protein Q8WTT2 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 15564382 f "Fad24, a mammalian homolog of Noc3p, is a positive regulator in adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-253060 THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-270313 CTNNBIP1 protein Q9NSA3 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 12408824 t llicata "The crystal structure of the beta-catenin/ICAT complex reveals the inhibitory mechanism of ICAT." SIGNOR-238012 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BW1 protein Q7Z2G1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265387 LRFN5 protein Q96NI6 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 f miannu "The SALM (synaptic adhesion-like molecule) family of adhesion molecules, also known as Lrfn, belongs to the superfamily of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing adhesion molecules. Proteins of the SALM family, which includes five known members (SALMs 1-5), have been implicated in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and branching, and synapse formation and maturation.SALM3 and SALM5, but not other SALMs, possess synaptogenic activity, inducing presynaptic differentiation in contacting axons." SIGNOR-264093 Viral_dsRNA stimulus SIGNOR-ST21 SIGNOR EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 31226023 f miannu "PKR is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) activated by binding of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a common intermediate during the replication of DNA and RNA viruses." SIGNOR-260167 PF-03814735 chemical CID:49830590 PUBCHEM FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205956 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1644 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203516 TTI1 protein O43156 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20427287 t miannu "MTOR exists in two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that differ in their subunit composition. In this study, we identified KIAA0406 as a novel mTOR-interacting protein. Because it has sequence homology with Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tti1, we named it mammalian Tti1. Tti1 constitutively interacts with mTOR in both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Knockdown of Tti1 suppresses phosphorylation of both mTORC1 substrates (S6K1 and 4E-BP1) and an mTORC2 substrate (Akt) and also induces autophagy. Furthermore, using immunoprecipitation and size-exclusion chromatography analyses, we found that knockdown of either Tti1 or Tel2 causes disassembly of mTORC1 and mTORC2." SIGNOR-272002 carfilzomib chemical CHEBI:65347 ChEBI PSMB1 protein P20618 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000898 17591945 t miannu "Carfilzomib is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone related to epoxomicin (Figure 1A), the latter of which shows high specificity in vitro for the ChT-L proteasome activity. To evaluate the proteasomal inhibitory potential of carfilzomib in MM, extracts from ANBL-6 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of carfilzomib. Extended exposure to carfilzomib for 5 hours saturated the β5 and β5i active sites in a dose-dependent manner and also led to increased binding to the β1, β1i, β2, and β2i subunits, with maximal binding observed at 50 nM." SIGNOR-259307 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT ENAH protein Q8N8S7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15066263 t miannu " Vertebrate Ena/VASP proteins are phosphorylated by PKA, as well as PKG, and the phosphorylation is required for full function in a number of cellular contexts. PKG may preferentially phosphorylate sites of Ena/VASP proteins that reduce or inactivate these proteins. Inactivated Ena/VASP proteins dissociate from actin filaments, allowing capping proteins to bind and block monomer addition to plus ends, resulting in filament retraction." SIGNOR-268288 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57795 ChEBI SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18218622 t Gianni "Taken together, these data define a novel mechanism whereby the phosphoinositide PI5P leads to stimulation of Cul3-SPOP ubiquitin ligase activity and also implicate PIPKIIbeta as a key regulator of this signaling pathway through its association with the Cul3-SPOP complex." SIGNOR-268863 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT AKR1C3 protein P42330 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 22971343 f miannu "Both AR antagonism and androgen deprivation can upregulate AKR1C3." SIGNOR-253737 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_biogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH32 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23277535 f gcesareni "PGC1a is a positive regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, adaptive thermogenesis, gluconeogenesis as well as many other metabolic proc" SIGNOR-228618 EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257379 NAALAD2 protein Q9Y3Q0 UNIPROT Ac-Asp-Glu(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:76931 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10085079 t miannu "The neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate (NAAG)1 is expressed both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Hydrolysis of the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) by N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) to release glutamate may be important in a number of neurodegenerative disorders in which excitotoxic mechanisms are implicated." SIGNOR-267541 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 19620713 f ggiuliani "The expression of CA-BMPr1A and CA-BMPr1B mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR using appropriate primers to distinguish expression of the constitutively active receptors from endogenous BMP receptors; specific antibodies for these receptors were not available. However, the functional effects of their expression, i.e., phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, verify overexpression of the constitutively active receptors (Fig. 3B). Thus, their overexpression provoked a substantial rise in the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, known downstream phosphorylated intermediates in the BMP signaling pathway (Fig. 3B) (16, 17)." SIGNOR-255785 "PAS complex" complex SIGNOR-C190 SIGNOR "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17283 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18950639 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 is synthesized from PtdIns(3)P through the action of mammalian PIKfyve or the yeast counterpart Fab1, both sole enzymes for PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis. PIKfyve and Fab1, in turn, are activated by the orthologous proteins, mammalian ArPIKfyve and yeast Vac14, to upregulate intracellular PtdIns(3,5)P2 production. PtdIns(3,5)P2 turnover is catalyzed, at least in part, by mammalian Sac3 or its yeast counterpart Fig4" SIGNOR-253533 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263788 TNFRSF25 protein Q93038 UNIPROT TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "Dr3 induces apoptosis by tradd-mediated recruitment of fadd and caspase-8" SIGNOR-100480 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser832 LIEFCYKsRSESKRM 9606 8663994 t lperfetto "In addition, protein kinase C specifically phosphorylates Ser-831 of GluR1 in HEK-293 cells and in cultured neurons." SIGNOR-248950 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 22264731 t "VEGF pathway" Gianni "Here we show that genetic or pharmacological FAK inhibition in ECs prevents VEGF-stimulated permeability downstream of VEGF receptor or Src tyrosine kinase activation in vivo. VEGF promotes tension-independent FAK activation" SIGNOR-261945 DLGAP2 protein Q9P1A6 UNIPROT SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264589 BGJ-398 chemical CHEBI:63451 ChEBI FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190269 GNB/GNG complex SIGNOR-C202 SIGNOR PLCB2 protein Q00722 UNIPROT up-regulates 23994464 t apalma "However, it was later shown that other PLCβ isoforms (particularly PLCβ2 and PLCβ3) can also be directly activated by Gβγ subunits" SIGNOR-255015 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 BTO:0000007 9373175 t gcesareni "Evidence that the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta by IGF-1 is mediated by PDK1/PKB-induced phosphorylation of Ser-9" SIGNOR-252546 TLE2 protein Q04725 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 19460168 t gcesareni "Mapping studies reveal that groucho/tle binds two regions in lef-1." SIGNOR-185736 "Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C473 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270440 TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys7 kTYKYICR 9606 BTO:0000007 22626058 t K48 miannu "We report here that RLR activation triggers MAVS ubiquitination on lysine 7 and 10 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 and marks it for proteasomal degradation concomitantly with downstream signaling. " SIGNOR-272041 GPR183 protein P32249 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256715 CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19293931 t gcesareni "Ck1 also phosphorylates lrp6 at the second ser residue in the pppspxs motif ck1_ in the lrp5/e-cadherin/p120-catenin complex temporally coincides with p120-catenin phosphorylation in ser268. moreover, and considering the close similarity between the catalytic domains of ck1_ and ck1_, it is possible that ck1_ is indeed responsible for the phosphorylation at ser1420 and ser1430 in lrp5/6 that negatively affects wnt signaling by still not defined mechanisms" SIGNOR-184699 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT H2BC3 protein P33778 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser33 DGKKRKRsRKESYSI 9606 21646345 t lperfetto "Here, we studied the histone h2b core domain and found that phosphorylation of h2b serine 32 occurs in normal cycling and mitogen-stimulated cells. Notably, this phosphorylation is elevated in skin cancer cell lines and tissues compared with normal counterparts. We identified ribosomal s6 kinase 2 (rsk2) as the kinase responsible for h2bs32 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-174026 LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24710148 t milica "The binding of lif to the lifr induces its heterodimerization with gp130. The formation of this complex results in the activation of the receptor-associated janus kinases (jaks), in the phosphorylation of receptor docking sites, and finally in the recruitment of src homology-2 (sh2) domain containing proteins such as stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)." SIGNOR-204850 MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 9418854 t lperfetto "Myod-e protein heterodimers interact with mef2 proteins to synergistically activate myogenesis." SIGNOR-54086 CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT SLC1A2 protein P43004 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26690923 t miannu "EAAT3 has previously been shown to form complexes with caveolin-1, a major component of caveolae, which participate in the regulation of transport proteins. The present study explored the impact of caveolin-1 on electrogenic transport by excitatory amino acid transporter isoforms EAAT1-4. caveolin-1 is a powerful negative regulator of the excitatory glutamate transporters EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, and EAAT4. Caveolin-1 has been shown to form complexes with the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3 (EAAC1) (Gonzalez et al. 2007) and may thus modify the EAAT isoforms by direct interaction with the carriers." SIGNOR-264809 "HIRA complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C461 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 30285846 t miannu "H3.3 is an ancient and conserved H3 variant and plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation. HIRA complex, which is composed of HIRA, UBN1 or UBN2, and Cabin1, is a H3.3 specific chaperone complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the UBN1 or UBN2 subunit is mainly responsible for specific recognition and direct binding of H3.3 by the HIRA complex." SIGNOR-269439 PHF12 protein Q96QT6 UNIPROT TLE5 protein Q08117 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11390640 t miannu "We have cloned and characterized a new member of the PHD zinc finger family called Pf1 that interacts with two global transcription corepressors: mSin3A and TLE. Pf1 interacts with TLE. The Groucho/TLE proteins are members of an abundant corepressor family, and we hypothesized that Pf1 might interact with TLE family members. Together, these data suggest that in the absence of interactions with mSin3A, Gal4-Pf1 (102–273 L212P/A216P)-dependent repression can be attributed to interaction with endogenous TLE." SIGNOR-266990 TLK1 protein Q9UKI8 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser328 VLPSISLsPGPQPPK 9606 18940270 t llicata "Tlk1b phosphorylates hrad9 at s328 after the induction of dsb, occupancy of rad9 adjacent to the break increased during repair while that of asf1 decreased, and the effect was more pronounced in tlk1b-overexpressing cells. We propose that following genotoxic stress, tlk1/1b is first recruited to the dsb in a complex with rad9. It then exchanges with asf1 to promote nucleosomes eviction at the dsb and access of the repair machinery to unencumbered dna." SIGNOR-181748 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT mir-133a2 mirna URS00005675D3_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18619954 f "We found that directed expression of MRFs in the neural tube of chicken embryos induced ectopic expression of miR-1 and miR-206. Conversely, the lack of Myf5 but not of MyoD resulted in a loss of miR-1 and miR-206 expression." SIGNOR-255919 ERCC2 protein P18074 UNIPROT ERCC3 protein P19447 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10024882 t miannu "Xpd helps xpb in promoter opening and as such participates in the transcription reaction." SIGNOR-64672 "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR RC3H1 protein Q5TC82 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31320642 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in bulk mRNA decay, CCR4-NOT can also catalyze the deadenylation or promote translational repression of specific mRNA targets to which it is recruited by RNA binding proteins, such as Nanos, Roquin and Puf/Pumilio proteins" SIGNOR-268348 ACTG1 protein P63261 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 28233384 t lperfetto "Here, we report the highest resolution, cryo-EM structures of actin filaments with bound ATP analog β,γ-imidoadenosine 5′-triphosphate (AMPPNP) (3.1 Å) and ADP with inorganic phosphate (ADP-Pi) (3.1 Å) as well as a 3.6-Å resolution structure of the ADP filament. These structures of the three well-characterized nucleotide states of actin monomers and filaments" SIGNOR-261878 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLEK protein P08567 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser117 ARKSTRRsIRLPETI 9606 8615792 t gcesareni "To determine the role of pkc-dependent phosphorylation in pleckstrin function, we mapped the phosphorylation sites in vivo of wild-type and site-directed mutants of pleckstrin expressed in cos cells. Phosphorylation was found to occur almost exclusively on ser-113 and ser-117. Replacing all these sites with glycine decreased phosphorylation by > 90% and reduced pleckstrin's ability to inhibit phosphoinositide hydrolysis by as much as 80%." SIGNOR-40048 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr579 VSSDGHEyIYVDPMQ 9606 BTO:0000599 9642269 t miannu "We used two platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor (beta-PDGFR) mutants to identify events that are required for full engagement (autophosphorylation and activation of the kinase activity) of the beta-PDGFR kinase. The F79/81 receptor (Tyr to Phe substitution at 579 and 581 in the juxtamembrane domain of the receptor) was capable of only very modest ligand-dependent autophosphorylation and also failed to associate with numerous SH2 domain-containing proteins." SIGNOR-250254 TG101209 chemical CHEBI:90304 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207260 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PHRF1 protein Q9P1Y6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271075 WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 30566428 t lperfetto "In the WT brain, the WDR62 scaffold organizes a protein complex including MEKK3, MKK4/7, and JNK1 to control NPC development during corticogenesis" SIGNOR-271717 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT ADAM15 protein Q13444 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr735 LKGPTCQyRAAQSGP 9606 BTO:0000661 11741929 t lperfetto "Hck, and to a lesser extent lck, phosphorylated the adam15. Deletion and point mutation analysis of the adam15 cytoplasmic domain confirmed the importance of the proline-rich motifs for grb2 and lck binding and indicated the regulatory nature of tyr(715) and tyr(735). These data demonstrate selective, phosphorylation-dependent interactions of adam15 with src family ptks and grb2, which highlight the potential for integration of adam functions and cellular signaling." SIGNOR-112923 SND1 protein Q7KZF4 UNIPROT MGLL protein Q99685 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 26997225 t irozzo "Interaction of SND1 with MGLL resulted in ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of MGLL. We demonstrate that interaction of SND1 with MGLL results in increased ubiquitination and subsequent proteosomal degradation of MGLL. This down-regulation of MGLL is required for SND1 to exert its pro-tumorigenic activity because forced overexpression of MGLL markedly abrogates cell proliferation." SIGNOR-259138 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1333 ARGGQVFyNSEYGEL 9606 BTO:0000394 12881528 t lperfetto "Trans-phosphorylation of activated, dimerized receptor tyrosine kinases is known to be critical for the regulation of kinase activity and for receptor interaction with signal transduction molecules. In this study, we have identified five tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in the vegfr-3 carboxyl-terminal tail." SIGNOR-104084 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser343 TTPGPSLsQGVSVDE 9606 10802669 t gcesareni "We show that atm physically interacts with and phosphorylates nibrin on serine 343 both in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylation of this site appears to be functionally important because mutated nibrin (s343a) does not completely complement radiosensitivity in nbs cells." SIGNOR-77149 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23468082 t miannu "Ponatinib is an oral multitargeted kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits all 4 members of the FGFR family." SIGNOR-259280 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11502070 t lperfetto "The death domain of tnfrsf1a provides a novel molecular interface that interacts specifically with the death domain of tradd." SIGNOR-109719 CEBPG protein P53567 UNIPROT SFTPD protein P35247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11912209 t "Cotransfection of C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta, or C/EBPdelta cDNA in H441 lung adenocarcinoma cells significantly increased the luciferase activity of a wild-type SP-D promoter construct containing 698 bp of upstream sequence (SS698). Transfection of C/EBP also increased the level of endogenous SP-D mRNA in H441 cells| Thus, interactions among C/EBP elements in the near-distal promoter can modulate the promoter activity of SP-D." SIGNOR-254058 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr182 TDDEMTGyVATRWYR 9606 17126298 t gcesareni "Dually phosphorylated on thr-180 and tyr-182 by the map2ks map2k3/mkk3, map2k4/mkk4 and map2k6/mkk6 in response to inflammatory citokines, environmental stress or growth factors, which activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-150879 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C509 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270905 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257232 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001336 28623342 f "Our results demonstrate that SF(synovial fibroblasts) are highly dependent on glycolytic metabolism and that HIF-1α plays a regulatory role in glycolysis even under aerobic conditions." SIGNOR-259380 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 17132853 t miannu "The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma." SIGNOR-256191 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT FGF21 protein Q9NSA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22233381 f miannu "These results add FGF21 gene induction to the transcriptional programme initiated by increased levels of ATF4 and offer a new mechanism for the induction of the FGF21 gene expression under nutrient deprivation." SIGNOR-253748 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT MUC4 protein Q99102 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001861 19757157 t lperfetto "Through promoter screening, overexpressing methods and luciferase reporter studies, we found that transcription factors CREB, Ets-1, Elk-1 and STAT1 can positively regulate MUC4 expression at the promoter and mRNA level." SIGNOR-254098 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000938 15231831 t lperfetto "Casp3 cleaves bad at asp-61. In addition, caspases convert bad(l) into a pro-death fragment that resembles the short splice variant." SIGNOR-256455 PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 23716601 t esanto "Pin1 prolyl isomerase enhances recruitment of serine 62-phosphorylated myc and its coactivators to select promoters during gene activation." SIGNOR-202134 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Lys-tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:16047 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269522 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HLA-F protein P30511 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8206526 f miannu "In melanoma, HLA class I expression is suppressed by overexpression of the c-myc oncogene." SIGNOR-254605 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr723 SSQGVDTyVEMRPVS 9606 BTO:0001271 15297464 t lperfetto "Csf-1r homodimerizes and autophosphorylates on six tyrosines in the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor. Tyr807 is located in the activation loop of the kinase domain (9) and its phosphorylation is important for kinase activity (10). The remaining tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins containing src homology 2 (sh2) binding domains. Three sites are found in the ki: grb2/mona (tyr697) (11, 12), p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (tyr721) (13), and stat1 (tyr706) (14), the c-cbl binding site is in the cooh terminus (tyr974) (15, 16), and the src family kinase (sfk) binding site is in the jmd (y559) (17). These molecules further propagate the csf-1 signal through activation of ras/erk, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt, and stat proteins." SIGNOR-127614 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PHKA2 protein P46019 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10487978 t "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-267410 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser203 EYPEPYAsPPQPGLP 9606 17901130 t llicata "In conclusion, our results indicate that cdk7, as part of the cak complex and tfiih, phosphorylates sf1 at s203 followed by increased transcriptional activity of sf1" SIGNOR-269355 "Secukinumab (Cosentyx)" antibody DB09029 DRUGBANK IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 30793255 t "Secukinumab (Cosentyx®), a first-in-class fully human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-17A" SIGNOR-272494 RBM10 protein P98175 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30403180 f irozzo "These data indicated that RBM10 overexpression induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis via promoting the production of TNF-α that appear to act as an autocrine factor regulating osteosarcoma programmed cell death." SIGNOR-259153 AFDN protein P55196 UNIPROT RIT1 protein Q92963 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10545207 t miannu "Rit and Rin were found to interact with the known Ras binding proteins RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6/Canoe. These interactions were GTP and effector domain dependent and suggest that RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6 are Rit and Rin effectors." SIGNOR-220917 ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT Cell_growth phenotype SIGNOR-PH33 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23426362 f lperfetto "AR required ELK1 to up-regulate a major subset of its target genes that was strongly and primarily enriched for cell growth functions" SIGNOR-233471 topotecan chemical CHEBI:63632 ChEBI TOP1MT protein Q969P6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 11166732 t miannu "Topotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor which is currently evaluated as an adjuvant agent for malignant glioma." SIGNOR-259318 EXOC2 protein Q96KP1 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270777 "perfluorooctanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:35549 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268768 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 BTO:0000093 11258706 t lperfetto "P38 regulates p53, but also in p53-defective tumor cells rewire their checkpoint response and become dependent in the p38/mk2 pathway in mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-105737 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr107 KGEELPTyEEAKAHS 9606 BTO:0000007 21937427 t lperfetto "These data support an idea that Amotl2 Tyr-103 can be phosphorylated by FGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. We then determined whether Amotl2 Tyr-103 is required for its interaction with c-Src. |Amotl2 promotes MAPK/ERK activation via c-Src, which is dependent on phosphorylation of tyrosine residue at position 103 but independent of the C-terminal PDZ-binding domain." SIGNOR-271869 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8974401 t gcesareni "A map kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk), termed ask1, was identified that activated two different subgroups of map kinase kinases (mapkk), sek1 (or mkk4) and mkk3/mapkk6 (or mkk6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (sapk, also known as jnk;c-jun amino-terminal kinase)" SIGNOR-45363 SIK1 protein P57059 UNIPROT CRTC1 protein Q6UUV9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 MTPTQPEsFSSGSQD 9606 16817901 t miannu "These results suggested that sik1 could phosphorylate all torcs and thereby repress their transactivation activities." SIGNOR-147669 PHC1 protein P78364 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C408 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31608994 t miannu "PRC1 has been categorised into canonical and noncanonical/variant PRC1; canonical PRC1 (Morey, Aloia, Cozzuto, Benitah, & Di Croce, 2013) includes chromobox (Cbx) proteins, Ring1, human polyhomeotic homologue protein (Hph) and polycomb ring finger (Pcgf) (Pcgf2/Mel18 and Pcgf4/Bmi1) proteins whereas noncanonical/variant PRC1 involves RING1 and YY1 binding protein (Rybp), Ring1 and Pcgf (Pcgf 1–6) proteins (Wu, Johansen, & Helin, 2013). Figure 3 illustrates the various proteins that form the canonical and noncanonical PRC1. The Ring1 along with Pcgf2/4 forms a core heterodimer which interacts with other accessory components of PRC1 complex through C‐terminal ring finger and WD40 ubiquitin‐like (RAWUL) domains see Figure 4b" SIGNOR-266809 OTULIN protein Q96BN8 UNIPROT UBB protein P0CG47 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270819 EIF2AK4 protein Q9P2K8 UNIPROT MARS1 protein P56192 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser662 NRAGMFVsKFFGGYV 9606 22106287 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that aimp3 is released from mrs by uv irradiation-induced stress. Dissociation was induced by phosphorylation of mrs at ser662 by general control nonrepressed-2 (gcn2) following uv irradiation. Substitution of ser662 to asp (s662d) induced a conformational change in mrs and significantly reduced its interaction with aimp3. This mutant possessed significantly reduced mrs catalytic activity because of loss of trna(met) binding, resulting in down-regulation of global translation." SIGNOR-177648 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-265315 PAX7-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP11 SIGNOR MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t miannu "Several deregulated signalling pathways enhance cell growth by modulating cell-cycle regulatory factors in RMS. The most frequently affected signalling pathways include the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In ARMS, PAX-FOXO1 activates these pathways by transcriptional activation of receptor genes including IGFR1, FGFR4, MET (c-Met), and PDGFRA." SIGNOR-251566 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 15916964 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of atf2 by jnk/p38 on thr69/71 is prerequisite to its transcriptional activities" SIGNOR-137627 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 PQSNIPEtPPPGYLS 9606 15241418 t gcesareni "We have mapped cdk4 and cdk2 phosphorylation sites to thr 8, thr 178 and ser 212 in smad3. taken together, these findings indicate that cdk phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity and antiproliferative function" SIGNOR-126736 "DNA primase complex" complex SIGNOR-C261 SIGNOR "DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex" complex SIGNOR-C262 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24043831 t lperfetto "At the replication fork, primase is present in a constitutive complex with DNA polymerase α (Pol α), which extends the RNA primer with deoxynucleotides and makes the resulting RNA–DNA primer available to the leading- and lagging-strand polymerases, Pols ε and δ, for processive elongation " SIGNOR-261341 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16923394 f miannu "PU.1 Induces Egr-2 and Nab-2, which Repress Neutrophil Genes during Macrophage Differentiation" SIGNOR-256040 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr278 LARRRKAtQVGEKTP 9606 17082196 t lperfetto "Pharmacological ampk inhibitors and activators and ampk mutants revealed that the kinase specifically targets residue thr-278 but not ser-157 or ser-239. Quantitative fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and serum response factor transcriptional reporter assays, which quantify the cellular f-/g-actin equilibrium, indicated that ampk-mediated vasp phosphorylation impaired actin stress fiber formation and altered cell morphology." SIGNOR-216515 CHAMP1 protein Q96JM3 UNIPROT MAD2L2 protein Q9UI95 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21063390 t miannu "Here, we report a novel regulator for accurate chromosome segregation, chromosome alignment-maintaining phosphoprotein (CAMP). We identified CAMP as a MAD2L2-interacting protein. Spindle localization of MAD2L2 was abrogated by CAMP depletion (Supplementary Figure S2A)" SIGNOR-264904 EFNA5 protein P52803 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52473 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT DCN protein P07585 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu30 GLFDFMLeDEASGIG -1 9148753 t miannu "Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases. These data indicate proteolytic degradation of DCN by MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-7, and suggest the possibility that, under pathophysiological conditions, the digestion by the MMPs may induce tissue reactions mediated by TGF-beta1 released from DCN in the connective tissues." SIGNOR-256349 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27418133 f "The SMAD2/3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were crucial for TGF-?-induced SNAIL overexpression in THP-1 cells. These findings suggest that TGF-? skews macrophage polarization towards a M2-like phenotype via SNAIL up-regulation, and blockade of TGF-?/SNAIL signaling restores the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines" SIGNOR-253588 PEX3 protein P56589 UNIPROT PEX19 protein P40855 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 15007061 t miannu "PEX3 is required for PEX19 to dock at peroxisomes, interacts specifically with the docking domain of PEX19, and is required for recruitment of the PEX19 docking domain to peroxisomes." SIGNOR-253026 panobinostat chemical CHEBI:85990 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257752 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PCGF6 protein Q9BYE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271037 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 19797274 f gcesareni "Mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 2 (msk2) inhibits the transcription factor p53, and we investigate here the mechanisms underlying this inhibition. In the absence of stress stimuli, msk2 selectively suppressed the expression of a subset of p53 target genes.Msk2 can also control the the transcriptional activity of p53 in a kinase-indipendent mannermsk2 can also control the the transcriptional activity of p53 in a kinase-indipendent manner" SIGNOR-188334 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001573 17115028 t gcesareni "The consequent activation of_ itch, together with the recruitment of gli1 through direct binding with_ numb, allows gli1 to enter into the complex, resulting in gli1 ubiquitination and degradation. we demonstrate that the hedgehog transcription factor gli1 is targeted by numb for itch-dependent ubiquitination, which suppresses hedgehog signals, thus arresting growth and promoting cell differentiation" SIGNOR-150847 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 9606 18339811 t "Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. |Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs.|we demonstrate that PP2A constitutively dephosphorylates the class IIa member HDAC7 to control its biological functions as a regulator of T cell apoptosis and endothelial cell functions." SIGNOR-248646 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 PMYQRQMsEPNIPFP 9606 12213813 t lperfetto "Here we describe that the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1), a protein kinase downstream of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subclass of MAPKs, binds to ER81, phosphorylates it, and enhances ER81-dependent transcription. Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation." SIGNOR-249163 CRYGD protein P07320 UNIPROT Maintenance_of_lens_transparency phenotype SIGNOR-PH65 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10521291 f "The γ-crystallin proteins are tightly folded in two domains with no free loops. It is possible that the R58H mutation destabilizes the contact between lens-fiber cells, which is critical for the maintenance of lens transparency. Improper folding of CRYGD, the most abundantly expressed γ-crystallin in the lens, could well cause protein aggregation and lens opacification." SIGNOR-253620 WAC protein Q9BTA9 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30021153 t lperfetto "Here, we report that the activation of Plk1 requires WAC, a WW domain-containing adaptor protein with a coiled-coil region that predominantly localizes to the nucleus in interphase. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) phosphorylates WAC, priming its direct interaction with the polo-box domain of Plk1. " SIGNOR-265036 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CDC42EP1 protein Q00587 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser195 RRSDSLLsFRLDLDL 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262766 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT WASHC1 protein A8K0Z3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys220 DAPLSISkREQLEQQ 9606 23452853 t miannu "Our mechanistic studies uncovered that K63-linked ubiquitination of WASH K220 by MAGE-L2-TRIM27 is required for endosomal F-actin nucleation and retrograde transport. These results suggest that K63-linked ubiquitination of WASH K220 by TRIM27 is required for WASH function in retrograde transport." SIGNOR-253514 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL -1 2449432 t lperfetto "We identified the major autophosphorylation sites in the insulin receptor and correlated their phosphorylation with the phosphotransferase activity of the receptor on synthetic peptides. We conclude that 1) autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor begins by phosphorylation of Tyr-1146 and either Tyr-1150 or Tyr-1151;" SIGNOR-106518 ADSS1 protein Q8N142 UNIPROT N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxylatoethyl)-AMP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57567 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267348 PHA-665752 chemical CHEBI:90197 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258265 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr79 GAPAPGVyPGPPSGP 9606 20150913 t llicata "The sh (src homology)3 domains of c-abl/arg bind to a p(80)gppsgp motif of gal3, and tyr79 and tyr118 are the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites. A consequence of this interaction and phosphorylation is the significant impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagy of gal3." SIGNOR-163747 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser360 TEMDPTYsPAALPQS 9606 9687510 t gcesareni "Together, our in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the pkc/c-raf/mek/erk pathway plays a major role in the s6k1 activation in hypertrophic cardiac growth." SIGNOR-59435 NFASC protein O94856 UNIPROT ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266716 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity." SIGNOR-183664 NANOGP8 protein Q6NSW7 UNIPROT KDM3A protein Q9Y4C1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10900 BTO:0000667 23918801 f Luana "Constitutive NanogP8 overexpression in adult L1 mice reduced CD34+α6+ and Lrig-1+ bulge stem cells, impaired keratinocyte migration, and repressed the expression of many stem cell-associated genes, including Bmp5, Fgfr2, Jmjd1a, and Jun." SIGNOR-266092 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT NLRP5 protein P59047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser331 MQRKKESsVTEFISR 9606 BTO:0000007 19542546 t miannu "MATER protein as substrate of PKCepsilon in human cumulus cells. we performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments using HEK293T cells expressing human MATER; a similar approach was then followed in human cumulus/follicular cells. In MATER(+)HEK293T cells, we observed that this protein acts as a phosphorylation substrate of PKCepsilon. Since PKCepsilon is known to collaborate with antiapoptotic signalling pathways, this suggests a novel mechanism for the function of MATER in follicular maturation." SIGNOR-263175 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 11517191 f "ER beta and ER alpha induced the expression of several endogenous genes such as pS2, TGF alpha, or the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 but, in contrast to ER alpha, ER beta was unable to regulate c-myc proto-oncogene expression" SIGNOR-253943 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr387 VYFTYDPySEEDPDE -1 10214954 t "Recombinant p56(lck) phosphorylates in vitro tyrosine residues within the IL-2Rbeta chain. p56(lck) phosphorylates tyrosine residues 355, 358 and 361 but not 338 of the IL-2Rbeta chain acidic subdomain. p56(lck) also phosphorylates very efficiently the two tyrosines present in the IL-2Rbeta chain C-terminal region, Tyr-392 and Tyr-510." SIGNOR-251377 TERB2 protein Q8NHR7 UNIPROT "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization SIGNOR-C305 27025256 t lperfetto "Terb1 and Sun1 are two key proteins linking the meiotic telomeres to the NE. Terb1 participates in telomere fortification by recruiting cohesins to the site" SIGNOR-263306 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PLAGL1 protein Q9UM63 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270997 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT KCTD13 protein Q8WZ19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19782033 t miannu "BACURDs form ubiquitin ligase complexes, which selectively ubiquitinate RhoA, with Cul3. Our studies reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoA degradation and regulating RhoA function in various biological contexts, which involves a Cul3/BACURD ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-264233 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination phosphorylation:Ser40 PTAEEKPsPRRSLSQ 33309518 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of multiple residues in the catalytic domain of PPM1D during mitosis, including Ser40 by Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), leads to ubiquitination of PPM1D and subsequent proteasomal degradation by Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and cell-division cycle protein 20 (CDC20)" SIGNOR-275492 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser732 RRVRKLPsTTL 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-250556 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT RDX protein P35241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr564 AGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 10090 BTO:0005065 9456324 t lperfetto " A peak of the phosphopeptide, in which only T573 was phosphorylated, was not detected. Quantitative analyses revealed that _100% of T564, but at most _40% of T573, was phosphorylated when C-rad was incubated with Rho-Kc for 1 h. Then we concluded that the major and primary phosphorylation site of radixin by Rho-kinase was T564 and referred to the Rho-Kc€“phosphorylated C-rad as T564-phosphorylated C-rad. | In this study, we found that the T564 phosphorylation of radixin markedly suppressed its head-to-tail association. This suggests that the T564-phosphorylation of radixin (and probably also the phosphorylation of ezrin T567 and moesin T558) keeps them open and active." SIGNOR-248994 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT STMN2 protein Q93045 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser50 KQINKRAsGQAFELI 9534 BTO:0000298 9525956 t miannu "Using in vitro phosphorylated recombinant protein, four phosphorylation sites were identified in the SCG10 sequence. Ser-50 and Ser-97 were the target sites for protein kinase A. phosphorylation negatively regulates the microtubule-depolymerizing activity of SCG10 and that all four sites participate in this regulation" SIGNOR-250056 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser239 FRRGLDDsTGGTPLT 9606 BTO:0000007 12556484 t lperfetto "Moreover, both proteins were phosphorylated by Cdc2 and Erk2 in vitro. In the case of Nudel, the phosphorylation sites were also located in the S/TP motifs. Detailed mutagenesis study indicated that T219, S242, and T245 were phosphorylated by Cdc2, while T219 and T245 were phosphorylated by Erk2.|Phosphorylation of Nudel in M phase appears to positively modulate dynein motor activity. Both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of Nudel were transported by dynein (Fig. 7 and 9 and data not shown), indicating that neither of them inactivated the dynein motor. On the other hand, both phospho-Nudel and Nudelpmt5 bound Lis1 more strongly than Nudel or Nudelmt5 did" SIGNOR-249421 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP35 protein Q9NRY4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1236 PKPKPRPsITKATWE 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 19103606 t acerquone "Here we show that rho-kinase, an effector of rhoa, phosphorylated p190a rhogap at ser1150 and attenuated p190a rhogap activity in cos7 cells" SIGNOR-182853 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI "L-tyrosine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58315 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "MIT and DIT, which are deiodinated by iodotyrosine dehalogenase (DEHAL1) that seems to be present in the apical plasma membrane. MIT and DIT are liberated, and the deiodination of these molecules by DEHAL1 is important for providing a sustained source of intrathyroidal iodide." SIGNOR-267035 ARPC4 protein P59998 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12479800 t "The subunits in mammalian cells are named Arp3, Arp2, p41-Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc and p16-Arc" SIGNOR-251517 PLK2 protein Q9NYY3 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sMDMDMSP 9606 BTO:0000567 15190079 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated at ser-4 by plk1 and plk2. Phosphorylation at ser-4 by plk2 in s phase is required for centriole duplication and is sufficient to trigger centriole replication. Phosphorylation at ser-4 by plk1 takes place during mitosis." SIGNOR-125720 PHKG2 protein P15735 UNIPROT PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser15 QEKRRQIsIRGIVGV 9606 BTO:0002049 22225877 t "It is well-characterized that GP is activated by PhK-mediated serine phosphorylation at Ser-15" SIGNOR-267401 CC2D1A protein Q6P1N0 UNIPROT HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 20171170 t nucleus lperfetto "Akt kinase-interacting protein 1 (Aki1)/Freud-1/CC2D1A is localized in the cytosol, nucleus, and centrosome. Aki1 plays distinct roles depending on its localization. In the cytosol, it acts as a scaffold protein in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1)/Akt pathway. In the nucleus, it is a transcriptional repressor of the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor." SIGNOR-268295 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 18579517 f "We identified a high affinity LEF-1-binding site in the negative regulatory element of the IL-4 promoter. Knockdown LEF-1 expression by LEF-1-specific small interfering RNA resulted in an increase in the IL-4 mRNA expression" SIGNOR-254504 GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 16757346 t miannu "We have found that Gem binds specifically to ROKβ in the coiled‐coil domain adjacent to the Rho binding site. The interaction between Gem and ROKβ leads to inhibition of MLC and MBS phosphorylation but not phosphorylation of LIMK, indicating that Gem exerts its effect by altering the substrate specificity of ROKβ" SIGNOR-261717 "Melanin-concentrating hormone" smallmolecule CHEBI:80254 ChEBI MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257541 PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT HPD protein P32754 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0003036 31537781 t lperfetto "Decreased expression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPD), a key enzyme for tyrosine metabolism, is a cause of human tyrosinemia. However, the regulation of HPD expression remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that molecular chaperone TTC36, which is highly expressed in liver, is associated with HPD and reduces the binding of protein kinase STK33 to HPD, thereby inhibiting STK33-mediated HPD T382 phosphorylation. The reduction of HPD T382 phosphorylation results in impaired recruitment of FHA domain-containing PELI1 and PELI1-mediated HPD polyubiquitylation and degradation." SIGNOR-272959 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270701 SL0101 chemical CID:10459196 PUBCHEM RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207075 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11146634 t miannu "Here we show that CHIP functions with Hsc70 to sense the folded state of CFTR and targets aberrant forms for proteasomal degradation by promoting their ubiquitination. " SIGNOR-272584 VAV2 protein P52735 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260582 BRLF1 protein P03209 UNIPROT IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 20381110 t scontino "Epstein-Barr Virus BRLF1 Inhibits Transcription of IRF3 and IRF7 and Suppresses Induction of Interferon-β. These results suggest that EBV Rta is capable of regulating the activation of the IFN-β promoter." SIGNOR-266646 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TLK1 protein Q9UKI8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser743 PHMRRSNsSGNLHMA 9606 12660173 t llicata "Chk1 phosphorylates tlk1 on serine 695 (s695) these findings identify an unprecedented functional co- operation between atm and chk1 in propagation of a checkpoint response during s phase and suggest that, through transient inhibition of tlk kinases, the atm_chk1_tlk pathway may regulate processes involved in chromatin assembly." SIGNOR-99653 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr231 NQDDVGVyTCLVVNG 9606 BTO:0000763 20861316 t lperfetto "Nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (nmmlck), a multi-functional cytoskeletal protein critical to vascular homeostasis, is highly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. We identified multiple novel c-abl-mediated nmmlck phosphorylation sites by mass spectroscopy analysis (including y231, y464, y556, y846) and examined their influence on nmmlck function and human lung endothelial cell (ec) barrier regulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of nmmlck increased kinase activity" SIGNOR-167989 Y-27632 chemical CHEBI:75393 ChEBI ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207893 AVPR1A protein P37288 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256805 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser77 DKERFARsDDEQSSA 9606 16129408 t gcesareni "Here, we show that arnt and alt arnt proteins are differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase ckii in vitro. Phosphorylation had an inhibitory effect on dna-binding to an e-box probe by alt arnt, but not arnt, homodimers. This inhibitory phosphorylation occurs through ser77." SIGNOR-140034 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 18691976 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P45984-2" gcesareni "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." SIGNOR-179275 MCM5 protein P33992 UNIPROT MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19946136 t "The Mcm2-7 complex serves as the eukaryotic replicative helicase, the molecular motor that both unwinds duplex DNA and powers fork progression during DNA replication." SIGNOR-261675 "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269172 TUBGCP5 protein Q96RT8 UNIPROT "g-TuRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C282 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 31862189 t lperfetto "Here, we present a cryo-EM reconstruction of the native human gamma-TuRC at 3.8A resolution, revealing an asymmetric, cone-shaped structure. Pseudo-atomic models indicate that GCP4, GCP5, and GCP6 form distinct Y-shaped assemblies that structurally mimic GCP2/GCP3 subcomplexes distal to the gamma-TuRC “seam.”" SIGNOR-262329 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Ser-tRNA(Ser) smallmolecule CHEBI:29162 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269555 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000551 16407838 f miannu "Fhit inhibited activity of akt, a key effector in the phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase (pi3k) pathway;loss of endogenous fhit expression caused increased akt activity in vitro and in vivo, and overexpression of constitutively active akt inhibited fhit-induced apoptosis" SIGNOR-143703 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 10629050 t "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" amattioni "The integration of bax oligomers in the outer mitochondrial membrane is followed by cytochrome crelease" SIGNOR-73898 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT ALDH2 protein P05091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr429 MQILKFKtIEEVVGR -1 28056995 t lperfetto "Post-translational enhancement of ALDH2 activity can be achieved by serine/threonine phosphorylation by epsilon protein kinase C (epsilonPKC). |e identified S279 as a critical εPKC phosphorylation site in the activation of ALDH2. The critical catalytic site, cysteine 302 (C302) of ALDH2 is susceptible to adduct formation by reactive aldehyde, 4HNE, which readily renders the enzyme inactive. We show that phosphomimetic mutations of T185E, S279E and T412E confer protection of ALDH2 against 4HNE-induced inactivation, indicating that phosphorylation on these three sites by εPKC likely also protects the enzyme against reactive aldehydes." SIGNOR-271866 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CACNA1S protein Q13698 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1575 PEICRTVsGDLAAEE -1 20937870 t miannu "To identify the regulatory sites of phosphorylation under physiologically relevant conditions, Ca(V)1.1 channels were purified from skeletal muscle and sites of phosphorylation on the α1 subunit were identified by mass spectrometry. Two phosphorylation sites were identified in the proximal C-terminal domain, serine 1575 (S1575) and threonine 1579 (T1579), which are conserved in cardiac Ca(V)1.2 channels (S1700 and T1704, respectively). In vitro phosphorylation revealed that Ca(V)1.1-S1575 is a substrate for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, whereas Ca(V)1.1-T1579 is a substrate for casein kinase 2." SIGNOR-263114 CENPP protein Q6IPU0 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265208 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr424 GQVGTARyMAPEVLE -1 9169454 t lperfetto "Tryptic mapping and amino acid sequencing of in vitro autophosphorylated type ii receptor cytoplasmic domain allowed the localization of the sites of tyrosine phosphorylation to positions 259, 336, and 424. Replacement of all three tyrosines with phenylalanines strongly inhibited the kinase activity of the receptor, suggesting that tyrosine autophosphorylation may play an autoregulatory role for the kinase activity of this receptor." SIGNOR-48867 TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr206 RLERGQEyLILEKND 9606 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (tfks) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the sh3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism. Here, we could confirm that y223 is the only site in the btk-sh3 domain being detectably phosphorylated" SIGNOR-98098 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257056 NRTN protein Q99748 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 9182803 t gcesareni "A receptor complex comprised of trnr1 (gdnfr alpha) and ret was recently identified and found to be capable of mediating both gdnf and ntn signaling" SIGNOR-49122 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 7824938 t gcesareni "Activating transcription factor-2 (atf2) was found to be a target of the jnk signal transduction pathway. Atf2 was phosphorylated by jnk on two closely spaced threonine residues within the nh2-terminal activation domain." SIGNOR-33914 CSF1 protein P09603 UNIPROT CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10572088 t gcesareni "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) is an important hematopoietic cytokine that exerts its effects by interaction with the gm-csf receptor (gmr) on the surface of responsive cells. The gm-csf receptor consists of two subunits: gmralpha, which binds gm-csf with low affinity, and gmrbeta, which lacks intrinsic ligand-binding capability but complexes with gmralpha to form a high-affinity receptor (gmralpha/beta)." SIGNOR-72455 SGX-523 chemical CHEBI:90624 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258282 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 8107774 t gcesareni "A new brain serine/threonine protein kinase may be a target for the p21ras-related proteins Cdc42 and Rac1. The kinase sequence is related to that of the yeast protein STE20, implicated in pheromone-response pathways." SIGNOR-248256 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT STARD10 protein Q9Y365 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser284 GGAGGEGsDDDTSLT 9606 BTO:0002181 17561512 t gcesareni "Interestingly, hypotonic extracts prepared from hek293t cells expressing the serine to alanine mutant exhibited increased lipid transfer activity compared with those from wild-type stard10-expressing cells, suggesting that, in a cellular context, phosphorylation on serine 284 negatively regulates stard10 activity" SIGNOR-155740 P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257261 bosutinib chemical CHEBI:39112 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258089 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL 9606 16920701 t gcesareni "Dca concomitantly and significantly increased association of tyrosine phosphatase shp2 with fak. Incubation of immunoprecipitated fak, in vitro, with glutathione-s-transferase-shp2 fusion protein resulted in tyrosine dephosphorylation of fak in a concentration-dependent manner." SIGNOR-148926 EIF6 protein P56537 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14654845 t lperfetto "The assembly of 80S ribosomes requires joining of the 40S and 60S subunits, which is triggered by the formation of an initiation complex on the 40S subunit. This event is rate-limiting for translation, and depends on external stimuli and the status of the cell. Here we show that 60S subunits are activated by release of eIF6 (also termed p27BBP). | Loading 60S subunits with eIF6 caused a dose-dependent translational block and impairment of 80S formation, which were reversed by expression of RACK1 and stimulation of PKC in vivo and in vitro. PKC stimulation led to eIF6 phosphorylation, and mutation of a serine residue in the carboxy terminus of eIF6 impaired RACK1/PKC-mediated translational rescue." SIGNOR-269150 pentazocine chemical CHEBI:7982 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258659 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-B receptor" complex SIGNOR-C336 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 9872316 t brain lperfetto "GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, where it exerts its effects through ionotropic (GABA(A/C)) receptors to produce fast synaptic inhibition and metabotropic (GABA(B)) receptors to produce slow, prolonged inhibitory signals." SIGNOR-263795 Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21041483 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266971 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EEF1B2 protein P24534 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser106 DDIDLFGsDDEEESE -1 8547318 t llicata "EF-1 beta was highly phosphorylated by casein kinase II, with up to 1.3 mol of phosphate incorporated per mol protein. From microsequence analysis and manual Edman degradation, the majority of the phosphate was shown to be present in serine 106 in the peptide DLFGS106DDEEES112EEA. Serine 112 was also phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but to a lesser extent." SIGNOR-250854 CCNC protein P24863 UNIPROT CyclinC/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C545 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004173 25344755 t lperfetto "Cyclin C was cloned as a growth-promoting G1 cyclin, and was also shown to regulate gene transcription. Here we report that in vivo cyclin C acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, by controlling Notch1 oncogene levels. Cyclin C activates an “orphan” CDK19 kinase, as well as CDK8 and CDK3." SIGNOR-273156 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 29207681 t miannu "JMJD2C as a novel substrate for caspase-3 (cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3), and cleavage of JMJD2C by caspase-3 led to inactivation of JMJD2C demethylase activity and elevation of H3K9 methylation levels." SIGNOR-263871 PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12645577 t gcesareni "Tnf-alfa binds to tnfr1 and activates pc-plc to induce pkcalfa and c-src activation, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of ikkbeta at tyr188 and tyr199." SIGNOR-99310 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19725819 t areggio "Upon binding of the Ca2+/calmodulin complex to the binding domain of CaMKII, it is activated via autophosphorylation, then remaining active independent of of Ca2+ levels." SIGNOR-255953 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser42 AKKKSKIsASRKLQL 9606 BTO:0000887 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134632 CPT1A protein P50416 UNIPROT O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17490 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267129 LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11782429 t esanto "Lnx functions as a ring type e3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the cell fate determinant numb for ubiquitin-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-112201 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A6 protein Q9UHW9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser96 IEDLSQNsITGEHSQ 9606 24043619 t Manara "WNK3, which inhibits the activity of KCC3, promoted phosphorylation of Ser-96 as well as Thr-991 and Thr-1048. " SIGNOR-260911 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR EBNA1 protein P03211 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29659505 t scontino "We found that EBV-encoded Qp-EBNA1 can be upregulated by NF-κB, while EBNA1 protein expression has been shown to negatively regulate NF-κB activation by inhibiting IKKα/β phosphorylation" SIGNOR-266803 POLR1D protein P0DPB5 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266158 PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr1609 LGPYEAVtPLTKAAD -1 24703952 t lperfetto "Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |Depletion of PP4C, or PP4R3beta, causes persistence of phospho-T1609 and phospho-S1618" SIGNOR-264450 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20308527 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that CHD8 directly associates with AR and that CHD8 and AR simultaneously localize to the TMPRSS2 enhancer after androgen treatment. In the LNCaP cell line, reduction of CHD8 levels by small interfering RNA treatment severely diminishes androgen-dependent activation of the TMPRSS2 gene. We demonstrate that the recruitment of AR to the TMPRSS2 promoter in response to androgen treatment requires CHD8" SIGNOR-253686 Laminin-5 complex SIGNOR-C184 SIGNOR "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 2032285 t lperfetto "Epiligrin, a new cell adhesion ligand for integrin alpha 3 beta 1 in epithelial basement membranes." SIGNOR-253252 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1490 AILNPPPsPATERSH 9606 BTO:0006293 35277657 t miannu "Mechanistically, SIK2, phosphorylated by CK1α, directly phosphorylated LRP6 in a SIK2 kinase activity-dependent manner, leading to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation." SIGNOR-275399 CSNK1G3 protein Q9Y6M4 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1479 SSSSTKGtYFPAILN 9606 35487243 t miannu "Central to WNT signalosome formation is phosphorylation of LRP6 at multiple sites, with GSK3β phosphorylating LRP6 at S1490 and CK1 family members phosphorylating LRP6 at T1479 and T1493" SIGNOR-275400 CSNK1G3 protein Q9Y6M4 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1493 NPPPSPAtERSHYTM 9606 35487243 t miannu "Central to WNT signalosome formation is phosphorylation of LRP6 at multiple sites, with GSK3β phosphorylating LRP6 at S1490 and CK1 family members phosphorylating LRP6 at T1479 and T1493" SIGNOR-275401 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser375 PVDEDRLsPLVAADS 9606 22945643 t lperfetto "Cdk8 regulates e2f1 transcriptional activity through s375 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-198934 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr44 SGASTGIyEALELRD 9606 7629021 t lperfetto "The present finding suggested that the tyrosine residue at position 44 in chicken alpha-enolase is the phosphorylation site by the tyrosine kinase. Our data suggest that eno1 was upregulated by caga protein through activating the src and mek/erk signal pathways" SIGNOR-30126 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ 9606 BTO:0000938 9771888 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" gcesareni "Tau is phosphorylated by gsk-3 at several sites found in alzheimer disease and its biological activity markedly inhibited only after it is prephosphorylated by a-kinase." SIGNOR-60655 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AJ protein Q9BTM1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265412 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT MAD1L1 protein Q9Y6D9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 11402067 t lperfetto "Spindle checkpoint protein Bub1 is required for kinetochore localization of Mad1, Mad2, Bub3, and CENP-E, independently of its kinase activity" SIGNOR-252017 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Trp-tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29159 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269537 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PDE4A protein P27815 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser89 TRMSWPSsFHGTGTG 9534 BTO:0001538 12023945 t done miannu "Long PDE4 isoforms from all four sub-families can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). This leads to an increase in their activity and may thus contribute to cellular desensitization processes in cells where these isoforms are selectively expressed.These were Ser89Ala-PDE4A8, Ser133Ala-PDE4B1, Ser13Ala-PDE4C2 and Ser126Ala-PDE4D5." SIGNOR-273937 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr291 AETSKLIyDFIEDQG 9606 BTO:0000801 17890224 t done miannu "We demonstrated that WASP is phosphorylated on tyrosine 291 in macrophages, and the WASP phosphorylation is important for the phagocytic cup formation. In addition, we showed that WASP and WASP-interacting protein (WIP) form a complex at the phagocytic cup and that the WASP.WIP complex plays a critical role in the phagocytic cup formation. " SIGNOR-273959 MRPS6 protein P82932 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261440 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 20626350 f gcesareni "Jnk and p38 mapk activation have antagonistic effects in many cases. Froma a mechanicistic point of view, the p38 mapk pathway can negatively regulate jnk activity at the level of map3ks, either by phosphorylating mlk3 or the tak1 regulatory subunit tab1" SIGNOR-166608 BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16890155 t gcesareni "Both drosophila and human bora can bind to aurora-a and activate the kinase in vitro." SIGNOR-148661 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 BTO:0000007 17974916 t done miannu " Similarly, knockdown of both Lats1 and Lats2 decreased endogenous YAP phosphorylation (Fig. 3F), thus establishing an important role of Lats in YAP phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-274027 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "Purine biosynthesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH186 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000018 22789539 f miannu "Nrf2 promotes purine nucleotide synthesis and glutamine use in proliferating cells" SIGNOR-267352 PYCARD protein Q9ULZ3 UNIPROT "NLRC4 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C223 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256405 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1005 EHDSDESsDDDSDSE 9606 BTO:0000661 10066810 t llicata "Mutational analysis of CK2 consensus sites showed that the target for CK2 was in an acidic insert of 19 amino acids in the D2 domain, and Ser to Ala mutations at amino acids 965, 968, 969, and 973 abrogated CK2 phosphorylation of CD45. CK2 phosphorylation increased CD45 activity 3-fold toward phosphorylated myelin basic protein, and this increase was reversible by PP2A treatment. " SIGNOR-251030 buspirone chemical CHEBI:3223 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258885 "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI acyl-CoA(4-) chemical CHEBI:58342 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272769 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser588 QTLSDSLsGSSLYST -1 17711846 t done miannu "Here, we find that AMPK directly regulates mammalian FOXO3, a member of the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors known to promote resistance to oxidative stress, tumor suppression, and longevity. We show that AMPK phosphorylates human FOXO3 at six previously unidentified regulatory sites.Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activation of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization.Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylates at least six residues of FOXO3 in vitro (Thr179, Ser399, Ser413, Ser555, Ser588, and Ser626)." SIGNOR-274096 Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000399 11290754 f apalma "Our findings indicate that chemokines acting via CCR3-initiated signaling pathways can very rapidly mobilize preformed stores of IL-4 from within human eosinophils. The means of extracellular release was by noncytotoxic, vesicular transport" SIGNOR-255494 GALP protein Q9UBC7 UNIPROT GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10601261 t gcesareni "Galp is therefore an endogenous ligand that preferentially binds the galr2 receptor" SIGNOR-73143 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser25 QAFELILsPRSKESV 9606 BTO:0001271 7637391 t gcesareni "Op18 is multisite phosphorylated on four ser residues during mitosis;two of these ser residues, ser-25 and ser-38, are targets for cyclin-dependent protein kinases. our findings suggest that stathmin phosphorylation in reh6 cells could be in part mediated by pkc activation." SIGNOR-30353 ITGB8 protein P26012 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257729 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 11896587 t llicata "These findings strongly suggest that jnks are the major direct signaling mediators of uvb-induced p53 phosphorylation at serine 20. furthermore, phosphorylation of p53 at serine 20 by uvb-activated jnks and uvb-induced p53-dependent transcriptional activity were suppressed in jnk1 or jnk2 knockout (jnk1(-/-) or jnk2(-/-)) cells." SIGNOR-115831 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18042454 t miannu "We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity." SIGNOR-159435 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser706 LNGEASKsQEMVHLV 9606 BTO:0000452 11463356 t lperfetto "In previous studies we have demonstrated that a key control point for this receptor is the phosphorylation of CD44 on a conserved cytoplasmic serine residue, Ser(325). This modification is not required for efficient ligand binding, but is an essential component of CD44-dependent cell migration on a hyaluronan substratum. We demonstrate here that cd44 is phosphorylated to high stoichiometry in resting cells and that ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii is a cd44 ser(325) kinase." SIGNOR-109502 NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT LCN2 protein P80188 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 22266867 t done miannu " As expected, the depletion of NFAT5 decreased the S100A4 and LCN2 mRNA levels (Figure 3a). In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay using NFAT5 antibody indicated that NFAT5 was bound to the S100A4 and LCN2 promoters (Figure 3b, Supplementary Figure S3), as expected (Chen et al., 2009)." SIGNOR-274114 ZFYVE9 protein O95405 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20515759 t lperfetto "Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) is known as Smad cofactor that interacts directly with Smad2/3 and functions to recruit Smad2/3 to the TGF-beta receptor." SIGNOR-165786 "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 BTO:0000567 12670868 t miannu "The Set1/Ash2 HMT methylates histone H3 at Lys 4 (K4), but not if the neighboring K9 residue is already methylated." SIGNOR-264484 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t lperfetto "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-253265 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1161 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK -1 7493944 t lperfetto "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246272 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr434 MSFHRNHtATVRSHA 9606 11123317 t lperfetto "Here, we present a selective mutagenesis analysis of two conserved threonine residues (T410 and T412) located at the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic region of CD5. These residues are contained within consensus phosphorylation motifs for protein kinase C and are shown here to be critical for in vivo protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of CD5. " SIGNOR-249073 DPYD protein Q12882 UNIPROT uracil smallmolecule CHEBI:17568 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10499634 t "Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is responsible for degradation of the pyrimidines uracil and thymine and the inactivation of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. DPD activity is highly variable in cancer populations, and this variation may influence the antitumor efficacy of 5-fluorouracil." SIGNOR-253988 NOL9 protein Q5SY16 UNIPROT "Rix1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C373 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22190735 t miannu "LAS1L was first described as a nucleolar protein required for maturation of the 60S preribosomal subunit. In this paper, we demonstrate that LAS1L interacts with PELP1, TEX10, and WDR18, the mammalian homologues of the budding yeast Rix1 complex, along with NOL9 and SENP3, to form a novel nucleolar complex that cofractionates with the 60S preribosomal subunit. our data identify a novel mammalian complex required for 60S ribosomal subunit synthesis, providing further insight into the intricate, yet poorly described, process of ribosome biogenesis in higher eukaryotes." SIGNOR-265470 PTH protein P01270 UNIPROT PTH2R protein P49190 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 11861531 t gcesareni "Pth was shown to efficiently activate the human type 2 pth receptor (pth2 receptor)" SIGNOR-115104 MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000931 23175188 f miannu "Here we demonstrated that the class III histone deacetylase SIRT2 was upregulated by N-Myc in neuroblastoma cells and by c-Myc in pancreatic cancer cells, and that SIRT2 enhanced N-Myc and c-Myc protein stability and promoted cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255145 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser971 STRLRQQsSSSKGDS 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP can be phosphorylated by RIP1 on Ser 604 within the PER domain, and by AKT1 on Ser 847 within the proline-rich domain. Although RIP1-mediated phosphorylation is stimulatory,40 a recent study reported that AKT-mediated phosphorylation inhibits DAB2IP functions" SIGNOR-254780 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser715 YQSTIPQsPSPAPDD 9606 10828059 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-5" gcesareni "These straddle the target residue, ser(579), for erk2 phosphorylation of pde4d3. Mutation of either or both of these docking sites prevented erk2 from being co-immunoprecipitated with pde4d3, ablated the ability of epidermal growth factor to inhibit pde4d3 through erk2 action in transfected cos cells, and attenuated the ability of erk2 to phosphorylate pde4d3 in vitro." SIGNOR-77571 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 26260587 t lperfetto "IL10 is a classic anti-inflammatory cytokine and its molecular signalling pathway has been well characterized in macrophages and T lymphocytes. Secreted IL10 cytokine binds to the IL10 receptor 1 (IL10R1) on membrane surfaces, and IL10R1 dimerizes with IL10R2 to exert its downstream effects." SIGNOR-249544 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLD1 protein Q13393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2 sLKNEPRV 9606 10441128 t gcesareni "Serine 2, threonine 147, and serine 561 were identified as phosphorylation sites of pld1 by pkcalpha in the cells." SIGNOR-69930 MIB2 protein Q96AX9 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination Lys377 NEPSLQSkLQDEANY 9606 BTO:0000815 29642005 t miannu "Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind Bomb-2 (MIB2) regulates TNF-induced cell death by inactivating RIPK1 via inhibitory ubiquitylation.  We find that MIB2 represses the cytotoxic potential of RIPK1 by ubiquitylating lysine residues in the C-terminal portion of RIPK1. Our data suggest that ubiquitin conjugation of RIPK1 interferes with RIPK1 oligomerization and RIPK1-FADD association. MIB2 Ubiquitylates RIPK1 at Lysines K377 and K634" SIGNOR-272662 SEC62 protein Q99442 UNIPROT Protein_translocation phenotype SIGNOR-PH176 SIGNOR up-regulates 22375059 f lperfetto "We demonstrated, with a similar knockdown approach, a precursor-specific involvement of mammalian Sec63 in the initial phase of co-translational protein transport into the ER." SIGNOR-265281 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP -1 15241418 t llicata "Thus, we have shown that Smad3 is phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2. Mutation of its CDK phosphorylation sites increases its transcriptional activity and antiproliferative function. | Thr 8 and the four sites in the linker (Thr 178, Ser 203, Ser 207 and Ser 212). Each of the five sites was phosphorylated by both CDK4 and CDK2 in vitro, and only Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 were phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2 in vivo phosphorylated by both CDK4 and CDK2 in vitro, and only Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 were phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2 in vivo." SIGNOR-250749 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser299 SQPPGEDsDTDVDDD 9606 18678890 t gcesareni "The mdc1-nbs1 interaction occurs through a specific region (residues 200-420) of mdc1, which contains multiple consensus casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-179875 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 14712210 t "Phosphorylation of p53 at serine 37 is important for transcriptional activity and regulation in response to DNA damage| Furthermore, in vitro phosphatase assays show that PP2A dephosphorylates p53 at S37." SIGNOR-248619 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT PPM1J protein Q5JR12 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser93 HAGRAVQsPPDTGRR 9606 18553930 t gcesareni "Specific phosphorylation of pp2czeta at ser (92) by stress-activated jnk attenuates its phosphatase activity in cells." SIGNOR-178934 dabrafenib chemical CHEBI:75045 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24720932 t miannu "Dabrafenib is known to inhibit V600E, V600K and V600D BRAF enzymes with in vitro IC50 values of 0.65, 0.5 and 1.84 nM, respectively. Dabrafenib can inhibit wild-type BRAF and CRAF kinases with IC50 values of 3.2 and 5.0 nM. Other kinases (SIK1, NEK111 and LIMK1) can be inhibited by dabrafenib when administered in high concentrations" SIGNOR-259215 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT RCC1 protein P18754 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2 sPKRIAKR 9606 BTO:0000007 19559616 t miannu "MST2 Phosphorylates RCC1 In Vitro and In Vivo. Using an antibody generated against phospho-S2/11 in RCC1 [18], we found that these two residues were also efficiently phosphorylated by MST1 and MST2 (Figure 2D), further supporting that S2 and/or S11 are genuine MST2 phosphorylation targets." SIGNOR-263146 ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257413 cortisone chemical CHEBI:16962 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 14817168 t allergy gcesareni SIGNOR-251691 N protein P59595 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 14623261 t Luana "The transcription factors c-Fos, FosB, CREB-1, and ATF2 were all activated by the addition of SARS-CoV N protein to the sample well" SIGNOR-260726 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1981 SLAFEEGsQSTTISS 9606 15510216 t "Ionizing radiation induces autophosphorylation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase on serine 1981; however, the precise mechanisms that regulate ATM activation are not fully understood. Here, we show that the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) induces autophosphorylation of ATM on serine 1981 in unirradiated cells at concentrations that inhibit protein phosphatase 2A-like activity in vitro." SIGNOR-248601 VPS11 protein Q9H270 UNIPROT RDX protein P35241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21148287 t Sara "Vps11 was found to interact with radixin. ERM proteins and the HOPS complex are required for the transition from early to late endosomes. We report that an interaction between subunits of the HOPS complex and the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) proteins is required for the delivery of EGF receptor (EGFR) to lysosomes. Inhibiting either ERM proteins or the HOPS complex leads to the accumulation of the EGFR into early endosomes, delaying its degradation." SIGNOR-261312 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NOX1 protein Q9Y5S8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr430 CADHNLKtKKIYFYW -1 25228390 t lperfetto "Site-directed mutagenesis and isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that protein kinase C-beta1 phosphorylates Nox1 at threonine 429. Moreover, Nox1 threonine 429 phosphorylation facilitated the association of Nox1 with the NoxA1 activation domain and was necessary for NADPH oxidase complex assembly" SIGNOR-264729 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SYN2 protein Q92777 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser10 NFLRRRLsDSSFIAN -1 10571231 t miannu "Synapsin phosphorylation in the A domain, at the only phosphorylation site shared by all synapsins, dissociates synapsins from synaptic vesicles.This site is located in the N-terminal A domain and is a substrate for both PKA and CaM Kinase I" SIGNOR-250059 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr417 SLPQATVtPPRKEER 9606 14551205 t llicata "In vitro assays showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain." SIGNOR-86696 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270391 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR LDHA protein P00338 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7673128 t "Deletional and mutational analysis of the function of mouse LDH-reporter fusion gene constructs in transient transfection assays defined three domains, between -41 and -84 base pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site, which were crucial for oxygen-regulated expression. The most important of these, although not capable of driving hypoxic induction in isolation, had the consensus of a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) site, and cross-competed for the binding of HIF-1 with functionally active Epo and phosphoglycerate kinase-1 sequences" SIGNOR-267479 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT GCK protein P35557 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9677331 f miannu "Cotransfection of an expression plasmid encoding USF1 into HepG2 hepatoma cells resulted in the activation of the glucokinase promoter, dependent on the integrity of the P2 element" SIGNOR-255597 EFNA2 protein O43921 UNIPROT EPHA5 protein P54756 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10072375 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a ligands (named ephrin-a1_ephrin-a5) are anchored in the plasma membrane through a gpi-linkage, and each can bind any of the epha subclass of receptors (epha1_epha8)" SIGNOR-65416 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser294 RAANLWPsPLMIKRS 9606 BTO:0000150 23390529 t lperfetto "The pi3k/akt pathway is necessary to activate cdk2, which phosphorylates eralphaser294, and mediates the binding between pin1 and eralpha" SIGNOR-200867 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT ATG13 protein O75143 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19225151 t gcesareni "Ulks directly phosphorylates atg13." SIGNOR-184126 "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269021 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser443 PQRKSQRsSYVSMRI -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). The PKC family contains 12 identified mammalian isoenzymes that are universally expressed in all cells and tissues and generally have a cytosolic distributionExamination of two groups of serine and threonine mutations (Fig. 3A, lanes 2 and 3) enabled us to localize the phosphorylation to four specific residues at positions 419, 422, 423, and 426. Fig. 3B shows the levels of phosphorylation with different combinations of the four mutations. Elimination of all four serines completely eliminated phosphorylation (Fig. 3B, lane 1).An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262752 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser715 GYRQDDPsYRSFHSG 9606 25639486 t Manara "Moreover, protein kinase Cδ, which directly phosphorylates β-catenin at Ser715, is required for the TRIM33–β-catenin interaction. | Phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser715 is critical for TRIM33-induced β-catenin degradation" SIGNOR-260897 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT TRAF4 protein Q9BUZ4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser426 KPGTWRGsLDESSLG 9606 22547678 t llicata "Traf4 is atypical within its family because it is the only traf family member to negatively regulate innate immune signaling. Ikk_'s phosphorylation of serine-426 on traf4 was required for this negative regulation." SIGNOR-197253 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT GDF15 protein Q99988 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255496 HCFC1 protein P51610 UNIPROT CREB3 protein O43889 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9658067 t 2 miannu "We also show that while interaction with HCF is not required for the ability of Luman to activate transcription when tethered to the GAL4 promoter, it appears to be essential for Luman to activate transcription through CRE sites." SIGNOR-241372 ATG2A protein Q2TAZ0 UNIPROT Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 f miannu "WIPI4 interacts with ATG2, AMPK and ULK1. Upon starvation and AMPK activation, WIPI4-ATG2 dissociates from AMPK and ULK1 and localizes at nascent autophagosomes, potentially supporting further autophagosome maturation." SIGNOR-268485 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser146 MEPERRDsQDGSSYR 9606 22665060 t llicata "Phosphorylation of lasp-1 by pka at serine 146 induces translocation of the lasp-1/zo-2 complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Interaction occurs within the carboxyterminal proline-rich motif of zo-2 and the sh3 domain in lasp-1." SIGNOR-197720 resveratrol chemical CHEBI:27881 ChEBI AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9865727 t "Resveratrol inhibits transcription of CYP1A1 in vitro by preventing activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor|These data demonstrate that resveratrol inhibits CYP1A1 expression in vitro, and that it does this by preventing the binding of the AHR to promoter sequences that regulate CYP1A1 transcription." SIGNOR-253640 RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 10801445 f gcesareni "Furthermore, muscle cells overexpressing p130 had reduced levels of the muscle-promoting factor MyoD. In addition, p130 repressed the transactivation capacity of MyoD, an effect abolished by co-transfection of pRb" SIGNOR-241943 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser742 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 9606 10197446 t llicata "These results provide direct evidence that pkd becomes activated in vivo as a consequence of pkc-mediated phosphorylation of serines 744 and 748." SIGNOR-66734 MST1R protein Q04912 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 35569509 t lperfetto "This suggests that by interacting with Sdc4, either directly or indirectly, RON is activated via transphosphorylation when clustered, engages the ABL1 SH2 domain, and activates ABL1 by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-272999 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT MYOD/E2-2 complex SIGNOR-C129 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241125 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser159 KKKKKRFsFKKSFKL -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III." SIGNOR-248925 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM26 protein Q12899 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271086 BBS5 protein Q8N3I7 UNIPROT "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 19081074 t lperfetto "We recently showed that seven highly conserved BBS proteins form a stable complex, the BBSome, that functions in membrane trafficking to and inside the primary cilium.|As a first step in characterizing this protein, we investigated the biochemical properties of its binding to the core BBSome (previously defined as the BBS1, -2, -4, -5, -7, -8, and -9 complex). We subjected the native LAP-BBS4 eluate to velocity sedimentation analysis (Figure 1C). BBIP10 clearly cosedimented with BBS4 at 14S, suggesting that BBIP10 strongly associates with the core BBSome" SIGNOR-262559 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT TLR3 protein O15455 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16628196 f miannu "The activation of STAT1 by IFNs not only induces chemokine production, but also results in the expression of IRF-7 and TLR3, thus amplifying the dsRNA-provoked reaction in a positive-feedback manner during viral infection." SIGNOR-255230 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser759 KTPDGNKsPAPKPSD 9606 BTO:0001260 10514499 t lperfetto "Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) phosphorylate the high molecular mass isoform of the actin-binding protein caldesmon (h-cad) at two sites (ser(759) and ser(789)) during smooth muscle stimulation. Nmr spectroscopy shows that the actin binding properties of the minimal inhibitory region of caldesmon, residues 750-779, alter upon map kinase phosphorylation of ser-759, a residue not involved in actin binding. This phosphorylation leads to markedly diminished actin affinity as a result of the loss of interaction at one of the two sites that bind to f-actin." SIGNOR-71033 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIK2 protein Q13002 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 27586965 t miannu "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its biological activity through a variety of receptors. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are divided into two major classes on the basis of the mechanism by which they relay their signal: the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated cation channels, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that are G protein-coupled receptors" SIGNOR-264471 HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257050 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 8454633 t gcesareni "Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin. Dephosphorylated by ptpreand ptpn1 at tyr-999, tyr-1185, tyr-1189 and tyr-1190." SIGNOR-39151 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser366 PGGSRAHsSHLKSKK 9606 BTO:0001321 15659650 t lperfetto "The cell cycle checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2 have been shown to phosphorylate multiple sites in the N-terminal domain of p53, consequently leading to p53 stabilization and activation. Phosphorylation of at least three of these sites, Ser366, Ser378, and Thr387, was induced by DNA damage." SIGNOR-75633 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser423 SPSIRCSsVS 10090 BTO:0005493;BTO:0000165 19458083 t lperfetto "A major event leading to smad3 activation is the tgf-beta-induced, tbetari-mediated phosphorylation at two c-terminal serine residues, ser-423 and ser-425, which triggers dissociation of smad3 from its receptors to form a complex with smad4 and accumulate in the nucleus" SIGNOR-235385 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser302 TQRASRRsDSASSEP 9606 19366211 t llicata "This study identifies novel in vitro pkcdelta autophosphorylation sites at thr(141) adjacent to the pseudosubstrate domain, thr(218) in the c1a-c1b interdomain, ser(295), ser(302), and ser(304) in the hinge region, and ser(503) adjacent to thr(505) in the activation loop." SIGNOR-185291 XAF1 protein Q6GPH4 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17613533 t gcesareni "Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that xaf1 binds to xiap,birc2,birc3." SIGNOR-155637 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr577 SCRSSTTtCPEQDFF 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249301 PPP1R3C protein Q9UQK1 UNIPROT GYS2 protein P54840 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000759 36551183 t miannu "In the liver, PTG and PPP1R3B(GL)are expressed at roughly equivalent levels [55], and they jointly promote hepatic glycogen mobilization and storage. PTG overexpression significantly increased glycogen content, mainly due to its ability to promote the redistribution of PP1 and glycogen synthase to glycogen granules, significantly increasing GS activity and glycogen synthesis (Figure 2)" SIGNOR-271731 "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269019 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT UBAP2L protein Q14157 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr844 IPFPTPTtPLTGRDG 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262774 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT FCGR2B protein P31994 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr292 GAENTITySLLMHPD -1 8756631 t lperfetto "Therefore, we conclude that FcgammaRIIb1 phosphorylation upon BCR-FcgammaR coligation is most likely due to BCR-associated Lyn" SIGNOR-249380 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271563 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser179 MKKKDEGsYDLGKKP 10116 BTO:0001176 11916978 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation state of Ser(183) in the cytoplasmic tail of syndecan-4 determines the binding affinity of the cytoplasmic tail to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)), the capacity of the tail to multimerize, and its ability to activate protein kinase C (PKC) alpha. We sought to identify the kinase responsible for this phosphorylation and to determine its downstream effects on PKCalpha activity and on endothelial cell function. Among several PKC isoenzymes tested, only PKCalpha and -delta were able to specifically phosphorylate Ser(183) in vitro. However, studies in cultured endothelial cells showed that the phosphorylation level of syndecan-4 was significantly reduced in endothelial cells expressing a dominant negative (DN) PKCdelta but not a DN PKCalpha mutant." SIGNOR-249149 RAB12 protein Q6IQ22 UNIPROT SLC36A4 protein Q6YBV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" relocalization 10090 BTO:0002572 23478338 t lperfetto "We also found that Rab12 promotes constitutive degradation of PAT4 (proton‐coupled amino‐acid transporter 4|Rab12 regulates lysosomal localization or degradation of amino‐acid transporters." SIGNOR-264763 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser278 VDTGITNsQTLIPDC 9606 10839544 t lperfetto "We have identified two residues of nbs1, ser 278 and ser 343 that are phosphorylated in vitro by atm and whose modification in vivo is essential for the cellular response to dna damage. This response includes s-phase checkpoint activation, formation of the nbs1/mrel1/rad50 nuclear foci and rescue of hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation." SIGNOR-78025 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR CCNE2 protein O96020 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 phosphorylation:Ser383;Thr392 FRKGGQLsPVCNGGI;VCNGGIMtPPKSTEK 11533444 t lperfetto "The amount of cyclin E protein present in the cell is tightly controlled by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Here we identify the ubiquitin ligase responsible for cyclin E ubiquitination as SCFFbw7 and demonstrate that it is functionally conserved in yeast, flies, and mammals. Fbw7 associates specifically with phosphorylated cyclin E, and SCFFbw7 catalyzes cyclin E ubiquitination in vitro" SIGNOR-267559 KMT5C protein Q86Y97 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys21 GGAKRHRkVLRDNIQ -1 24396869 t miannu "SUV420H1 and SUV420H2 are two highly homologous enzymes that methylate lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20), a mark that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation." SIGNOR-266650 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "small nuclear RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:74035 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-266144 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16794003 t gcesareni "The evidence suggests that s1p acting on s1p receptors coupled to gq" SIGNOR-147233 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 21791611 t lperfetto "One of the major mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on TGF-_ signaling operates through accelerating T_RI turnover by recruiting ubiquitin E3 ligases such as Smurf1 and Smurf2" SIGNOR-175269 EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT Monocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH101 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001412 1864967 f irozzo "Finally, we demonstrate that dexamethasone, an inhibitor of monocytic differentiation, blocks the associated increases in EGR-1 and EGR-2 expression. Taken together, the results indicate that the EGR-1 and EGR-2 early response genes are involved in the induction of myeloid leukemia cell differentiation along the monocytic lineage and in the activation of human monocytes." SIGNOR-256089 "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263814 CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT androst-4-ene-3,17-dione smallmolecule CHEBI:16422 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000050;BTO:0000056 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268654 BCL9 protein O00512 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15208637 t amattioni "The transcriptional activity of beta-catenin depends on bcl-9. Bcl-9 functions in targeting beta-catenin to the nucleus and thus increases the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-126059 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DYNC1I2 protein Q13409 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser87 YWVPPPMsPSSKSVS 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262772 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-216963 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT LEFTY1 protein O75610 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254938 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR "E2 conjugating enzyme" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF105 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270840 PIK-90 chemical CID:6857685 PUBCHEM PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252653 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19781662 f "The 5-LO promoter possesses a unique GC-rich region which contains consensus sequences for the transcription factors Sp1 and Egr-1 (GC-boxes) which are important for basal transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-254032 PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258755 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 SIGNOR-C167 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257593 ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257081 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-269891 ANXA13 protein P27216 UNIPROT NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization -1 10871286 t miannu "Annexin XIII has two known isoforms, a and b, that are apically localized, although XIIIa is also found in the basolateral compartment. In vitro binding and coprecipitation experiments showed that the Nedd4-C2 domain interacts with both annexin XIIIa and b in the presence of Ca2+, and the interaction is direct and optimal at 1 μM Ca2+.These results suggest that the apical membrane localization of Nedd4 is mediated by an association of its C2 domain with the apically targeted annexin XIIIb." SIGNOR-272571 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12878610 t gcesareni "Mekk4, also binds to axin in vivo and mediates axin-induced jnk activation." SIGNOR-104003 TSHZ3 protein Q63HK5 UNIPROT CASP4 protein P49662 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 19343227 t miannu "Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed a direct interaction of FE65 and Teashirt3 with the promoter region of CASP4. The results were consistent with a model in which reduced expression of Teashirt3, mediated by genetic or other causes, increases caspase-4 expression, leading to progression of AD." SIGNOR-264815 TET1 protein Q8NFU7 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27708339 t irozzo "Furthermore, TET1 catalytic domain possessed demethylase activity in cancer cells, being able to inhibit the CpG methylation of tumor suppressor gene (TSG) promoters and reactivate their expression, such as SLIT2, ZNF382 and HOXA9." SIGNOR-259094 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser824 AVRIRGKsYVQCQGI 9606 10224060 t lperfetto "Akt kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of htert subunit as one of its substrate proteins." SIGNOR-244357 PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21620138 t "inferred from family member" "PKM2 interacts directly with the HIF-1Œ± subunit and promotes transactivation of HIF-1 target genes by enhancing HIF-1 binding and p300 recruitment to hypoxia response elements," SIGNOR-270311 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr196 GMEEDHTyEGLDIDQ -1 9531288 t "CD79b cytoplasmic tail-containing GST fusion proteins were phosphorylated in vitro by baculovirus-produced Fyn, >80% of phosphorylation occurred on the N-terminal ITAM tyrosine. CD79a and CD79b function as transducers of B cell antigen receptor signals via a cytoplasmic sequence, termed the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). pY195 and pY206 in CD79b" SIGNOR-251154 F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21106647 f miannu "Axon outgrowth and guidance to the proper target requires the coordination of filamentous (F)-actin and microtubules (MTs), the dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that promote shape change and locomotion." SIGNOR-268387 CSNK1G2 protein P78368 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser418 LTQMGSPsIRCSSVS 9606 18794808 t lpetrilli "Cki?2 Directly phosphorylates smad3 at ser418, leading to the increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of activated smad3 following tgf-? Treatment." SIGNOR-181069 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HERC6 protein Q8IVU3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271295 RAPGEF5 protein Q92565 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183735 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 9922454 t amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for the activation of caspases 6" SIGNOR-64179 STON2 protein Q8WXE9 UNIPROT VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 26903854 t miannu " the monomeric adaptor proteins AP180/CALM and stonin-2 are required for the efficient retrieval of synaptobrevin II (sybII) and synaptotagmin-1 respectively. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that sybII and synaptotagmin-1 interact with other SV cargoes to ensure a high fidelity of retrieval." SIGNOR-264113 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257314 MT-ND4 protein P03905 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and |The main ND4-module intermediate binds NDUFB1, NDUFB4, NDUFB5, NDUFB6, NDUFB10, NDUFB11 and MT-ND4" SIGNOR-262146 RAI1 protein Q7Z5J4 UNIPROT CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22578325 t miannu "RAI1 Transcriptionally Activates CLOCK via an Intron 1 Enhancer Element. data suggest that RAI1 binds, directly or in a complex, to the first intron of CLOCK and enhances its transcriptional activity in vitro, supporting RAI1 as a positive regulator of CLOCK and an important part of the circadian loop of transcription. Data further show that haploinsufficiency of RAI1 and Rai1 in SMS fibroblasts and the mouse hypothalamus, respectively, results in the transcriptional dysregulation of the circadian clock and causes altered expression and regulation of multiple circadian genes, including PER2, PER3, CRY1, BMAL1, and others." SIGNOR-266839 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20385093 t gcesareni "A traf2 trimer interacts with one ciap2 both in the crystal and in solution through its death domain and amino-terminal region, tradd recruits rip1 (receptor-interacting protein), traf2, and through its interaction with traf2, c-iap1 and c-iap2 (13). Traf2 recruit ciap1 and ciap2. A traf2 trimer interacts with one ciap2 both in the crystal and in solution." SIGNOR-164785 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" deacetylation 9606 25280219 t "SIRT1 overexpression was associated with down-modulation of p53 activity in FLT3-ITD AML CD34+ cells. SIRT1 can negatively regulate p53 by deacetylating several lysine sites" SIGNOR-261562 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257408 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser211 PGKETNEsPWRSDLL -1 9199329 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylate the rat glucocorticoid receptor in vitro at distinct sites that together correspond to the major phosphorylated receptor residues observed in vivo; MAPK phosphorylates receptor residues threonine 171 and serine 246, whereas multiple CDK complexes modify serines 224 and 232.|MAPKs and CDKs exert opposite effects on receptor transcriptional enhancement. From our results, we speculate that activators of the MAPK pathway, such as growth factors, insulin, and certain oncoproteins, or inhibitors of CDK function, such as tumor growth factor beta (TGF_), p21, and p27, might attenuate receptor-induced transcrip- tional responses. In contrast, negative regulators of MAPK, such as pKA, as well as activators of CDK, such as the cyclins or CAKs, should potentiate receptor action." SIGNOR-249427 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser394 EDAVHEDsGDEDGED 9606 BTO:0000567 12082111 t llicata "HDAC2 is phosphorylated uniquely by protein kinase CK2 in vitro. Studies using unfractionated cell extracts with CK2 inhibitors suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major source of HDAC2 kinase. Finally, and perhaps most interesting, HDAC2 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity, selectively regulates complex formation, but has no effect on transcriptional repression. | Since our data suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major kinase responsible for HDAC2 phosphorylation, and because Ser422 and Ser424, but not Ser411, lie within CK2 recognition sequences, we believe that Ser394, Ser422, and Ser424 constitute the three phosphorylated residues in HDAC2." SIGNOR-251001 B3GNT3 protein Q9Y2A9 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation Asn192 KREEKLFNVTSTLRI 9606 BTO_0002548 29438695 t Barakat "These results further suggested that B3GNT3 mediates PD-L1 and PD-1 interaction through N-linked glycosylation instead of O-linked glycosylation" SIGNOR-275389 B3GNT3 protein Q9Y2A9 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation Asn200 VTSTLRINTTTNEIF 9606 BTO_0002548 29438695 t Barakat "These results further suggested that B3GNT3 mediates PD-L1 and PD-1 interaction through N-linked glycosylation instead of O-linked glycosylation" SIGNOR-275390 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 22863277 t miannu "Lats1/2 inhibit yap by direct phosphorylation at s127, which results in yap binding to 14-3-3 and cytoplasmic sequestration" SIGNOR-198514 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr110 PRSGVRGtPVRQRPD 9606 BTO:0000567 12714602 t lperfetto "We reported that the dna helicase activity of the human and mouse mcm4-6-7 complex, a sub-complex of the mcm2-7 heterohexamer, is inhibited by the phosphorylation by cdk2-cyclin a we identified six sites, including ser-32, ser-53, and thr-109, in the amino-terminal region of mouse mcm4 that are required for the phosphorylation with cdk2-cyclin a." SIGNOR-217352 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr376 QVAPRAGtPGFRAPE 10846177 t llicata "Among four possible Cdk phosphorylation sites of huCdc7, replacement of Thr-376, corresponding to the activating threonine of Cdk, with alanine (T376A mutant) dramatically reduces kinase activity, indicative of kinase activation by phosphorylation of this residue. In vitro, Cdk2-Cyclin E, Cdk2-Cyclin A, and Cdc2-Cyclin B, but not Cdk4-Cyclin D1, phosphorylates the Thr-376 residue of huCdc7, suggesting possible regulation of huCdc7 by Cdks." SIGNOR-250726 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT CGA protein P01215 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086;BTO:0005511 15983365 f miannu "Transfection of NANOG-specific small interfering RNAs reduced levels of NANOG transcript and protein and induced activation of the extraembryonic endoderm-associated genes GATA4, GATA6, LAMININ B1, and AFP as well as upregulation of trophectoderm-associated genes CDX2, GATA2, hCG-alpha, and hCG-beta." SIGNOR-254623 3-[1-[[4-(7-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-6-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-one chemical CHEBI:91346 ChEBI AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 25309440 t "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "Different agents were used to inhibit either the PI3K/Akt or MEK/ERK pathways. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and the Akt inhibitor, Akt inhibitor VIII, were used to inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway." SIGNOR-269849 CSNK2A3 protein Q8NEV1 UNIPROT F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1656 GRTERLCsQNPPVLK -1 8427963 t lperfetto "Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of factors Va and VIIIa by a platelet casein kinase II-like kinase may downregulate the activity of the two cofactors.| Recombinant human factor VIII also showed incorporation of radioactivity in the presence of purified casein kinase II at the acidic NH2-terminal portion of factor VIII light chain (residues 1648 through 1689). Based on all the considerations reported above Se1657 is the most likely candidate within this region capable of incorporation of radioactivity" SIGNOR-263649 KCTD11 protein Q693B1 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 15249678 f "In absence of Hh" lperfetto "REN(KCTD11) seems to inhibit medulloblastoma growth by negatively regulating the Hedgehog pathway because it antagonizes the Gli-mediated transactivation of Hedgehog target genes, by affecting Gli1 nuclear transfer, and its growth inhibitory activity is impaired by Gli1 inactivation." SIGNOR-249592 GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256925 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FYB1 protein O15117 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr595 IEDDQEVyDDVAEQD 9606 10570256 t " two tyrosines, Tyr595 and Tyr651, of FYB are major sites of phosphorylation by FYN-T and mediate binding to SLP-76 in Jurkat T cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of SLP-76 binding by mutation of these sites markedly reduced the ability of FYN-T-FYB-SLP-76 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription." SIGNOR-251163 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17289999 t gcesareni "We find short peptides representing the alpha-helical bh3 domains of bid or bim are capable of inducing oligomerization of bak and bax to release cytochrome c. these data support a two-class model for bh3 domains: bid-like domains that activate bax, bak and bad-like domains that sensitize by occupying the pocket of antiapoptotic members." SIGNOR-152992 ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT MEOX2 protein P50222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20516212 t Luisa "ZEB2 represses GAX transcription through multiple up- stream consensus binding sites." SIGNOR-268951 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser50 SPTFRSDsPVPTAPT 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265951 PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 23384562 f gcesareni "Direct molecular regulation of the myogenic determination gene myf5 by pax3, with modulation by six1/4 factors, is exemplified by the -111 kb-myf5 enhancer." SIGNOR-200862 NR3C1/STAT5A complex SIGNOR-C84 SIGNOR Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12540601 f fspada "We have shown that stat5a is associated with the glucocorticoid receptor during adipogenesis in a highly regulated manner." SIGNOR-97562 N protein P59595 UNIPROT SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18055455 f miannu "In this study, we demonstrate that SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) protein potentiates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 but attenuates Smad3/Smad4-mediated apoptosis of human peripheral lung epithelial HPL1 cells." SIGNOR-260589 ACTL6B protein O94805 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270749 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 18620382 t Luana "Pyrimidine 13 showed good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity was also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50’s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-257737 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10882139 t lperfetto "The nuclear receptor ppargamma/rxralpha heterodimer regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis" SIGNOR-78907 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 21673106 f gcesareni "These results indicate that (i) tgf- and klf4 regulate myocd transcription positively and negatively, respectively. When __90% of smad4 was down-regulated myocd mrna induction by tgf- was abolished, suggesting that smad4 plays a critical role in transcriptional activation of the myocd gene" SIGNOR-174396 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GAK protein O14976 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1149 CTQPRPNyASNFSVI -1 28135906 t miannu "GAK is phosphorylated by c-Src and translocated from the centrosome to chromatin at the end of telophase. Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) harbors a consensus phosphorylation motif (Y412) for c-Src; however, its physiological significance remains elusive. Here, we show that GAK is phosphorylated by c-Src not only at Y412 but also at Y1149." SIGNOR-263198 GRID2 protein O43424 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264952 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2Q1 protein Q7Z7E8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271372 B4GALT1 protein P15291 UNIPROT D-glucopyranose smallmolecule CHEBI:4167 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16157350 t miannu "Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (beta4Gal-T1) transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins." SIGNOR-268468 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 19360021 t gcesareni "The negative regulator wip1 plays an important role in inhibiting atm, resulting in a pulse of atm activity." SIGNOR-185135 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAM2 protein O75886 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr192 HTETKSLyPSSEIQL -1 11687594 t llicata "Another major tyrosine phosphorylation site of STAM2 was identified as Tyr-192" SIGNOR-251097 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1864 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120040 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser212 SSAGWKNsIRHNLSL 9606 BTO:0000782 BTO:0001253 22898666 t gcesareni "Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity. The other major signaling modules that directly regulate the activity of the foxo factors include the stress-activated jun-n-terminal kinase (jnk), the mammalian ortholog of the ste20-like protein kinase (mst1), and the deacetylase sirt1." SIGNOR-252998 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21808241 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Activation of mst1/2 leads to phosphorylation and activation of their direct substrates, lats1/2." SIGNOR-269859 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr28 SLNQSSGyRYGTDPT -1 9425276 t miannu "PDGF-induced phosphorylation of Tyr28 in the N-terminus of Fyn affects Fyn activation. We show here that Fyn, a member of the Src family, is phosphorylated on Tyr28 in the unique N-terminal part of the molecule after interaction with the intracellular domain of the PDGF beta-receptor. Activated Fyn furthermore undergoes autophosphorylation on Tyr30, Tyr39 and Tyr420. When Fyn mutants with Tyr28, Tyr30 or Tyr39 replaced with phenylalanine residues were transfected into NIH3T3 cells a decreased activation after PDGF stimulation was seen, suggesting a functional importance of the N-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of Fyn." SIGNOR-250253 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10629050 t amattioni "Bid, a bh3-domain-only protein which interacts with bax, was able to trigger a conformational change in bax." SIGNOR-73902 OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT SLC12A3 protein P55017 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr60 MRTFGYNtIDVVPTY 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000671 18270262 t miannu "We demonstrate that the spak and osr1 kinases that are activated by wnk1 phosphorylate human ncc at three conserved residues (thr46, thr55 and thr60) / our results also indicate that phosphorylation of thr60 plays the most crucial role in triggering the activation of ncc in hek293 cells and its mutation also inhibits phosphorylation of the adjacent thr46 and thr55 sites." SIGNOR-160833 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 20110348 t gcesareni "Protein phosphatase 2a reactivates foxo3a through a dynamic interplay with 14-3-3 and aktpp2a-mediated dephosphorylation of t32/s253 is required for dissociation of 14-3-3, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation of foxo3a." SIGNOR-252974 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr14 IEKIGEGtYGVVYKG 9606 10454565 t "Phosphatase activity of Cdc25A is critical for its activating capacity (data not shown). In this context, it should also be mentioned that Cdc25A is able to activate cyclin B-Cdk1 in vitro" SIGNOR-248479 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT PSMC2 protein P35998 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28559284 t lperfetto "Our experiments collectively suggest that UBE3A stimulates Wnt pathway activation by interacting with, ubiquitinating, and reducing the levels of multiple (PSMB1, PSMC2, PSMD2, and PSMD7) proteasome subunits." SIGNOR-265132 FBXO8 protein Q9NRD0 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 18094045 t miannu "Fbx8 Is a Component of the SCF Complex and Mediates Ubiquitination of Arf6. We first examined whether Fbx8 makes a complex with Cul1, through its binding to Skp1. We expressed GST-tagged Fbx8 together with FLAG-tagged Skp1 and Myc-tagged Cul1 in Cos-7 cells and found that Myc-Cul1 is coprecipitated with GST-Fbx8 in the presence of FLAG-Skp1 (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-271765 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10085140 t lperfetto "Here we report that the transcription factor atf-2 (also called cre-bp1) is bound by a hetero-oligomer of smad3 and smad4 upon tgf-beta stimulation. Both of these actions are shown to be responsible for the synergistic stimulation of ATF-2 trans-activating capacity." SIGNOR-65583 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 IIRLRNKtLIEDEIA 9606 20086174 t lperfetto "We determined that mst2 phosphorylation by akt limits mst2 activity in two ways: first, by blocking its binding to rassf1a and by promoting its association into the raf-1 inhibitory complex, and second, by preventing homodimerization of mst2, which is needed for its activation. we identified t117 and t384 as akt phosphorylation sites in mst2." SIGNOR-244345 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TRIOBP protein Q9H2D6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr447 ASSPSRAtRDNPTTS 9606 22820163 t lperfetto "Here we show that tara is a novel polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) target protein. Plk1 interacts with and phosphorylates tara in vivo and in vitro. Actually, the thr-457 in tara was a bona fide in vivo phosphorylation site for plk1. Interestingly, we found that the centrosomal localization of tara depended on the thr-457 phosphorylation and the kinase activity of plk1" SIGNOR-198357 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0001103 24003218 f lperfetto "SIRT1 overexpression reduces muscle wasting by blocking the activation of FoxO1 and 3" SIGNOR-252997 IRF1 protein P10914 UNIPROT SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19482358 f miannu "Socs1 expression is induced in the human keratinocytes HaCaT cell line through sequential activation of STAT1 and IRF-1" SIGNOR-226481 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165 19319192 t miannu "We previously showed that the level of MAFbx protein increased in skeletal muscle during aging and/or food deprivation. Immunoprecipitation of the SCFMAFbx complexes from mouse atrophic muscles exhibited ubiquitination activity by using MyoD as substrate. Food deprivation and oxidative stress–induced atrophy increase polyubiquitination by the SCFMAFbx pathway and degradation of MyoD by the proteasome" SIGNOR-271804 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT METTL1 protein Q9UBP6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 YYRQRAHsNPMADHT 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 15861136 t gcesareni "Pkb and ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) both phosphorylated mettl1 at ser27 in vitro." SIGNOR-135948 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19029956 t lperfetto "At the cellular level, the ligands IGF1, IGF2 and insulin bind to various members of the insulin receptor (IR) - IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) family." SIGNOR-182484 YY2 protein O15391 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 15087442 t Luana "YY2 activated the p53 promoter. However, in contrast to YY1, which represses the activity of c-Fos, YY2 increased the activity of the c-Fos promoter." SIGNOR-266212 4-(2,4,5-tripyridin-4-yl-3-thiophenyl)pyridine smallmolecule CHEBI:94284 ChEBI GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 19860666 t gcesareni "Gant58 is a gli antagonist that inhibits gli1-induced transcription" SIGNOR-188863 CCL3 protein P10147 UNIPROT CCR2 protein P41597 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 15075201 t lperfetto "The purpose of this study was to determine whether certain chemokines, which are highly expressed in injured skeletal muscle, are involved in the repair and functional recovery of the muscle after traumatic injury. In wild-type control mice, mRNA transcripts of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1􏰂, MIP-1􏰃, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 as well as their major receptors, CCR5 and CCR2, increased after freeze injury and gradu- ally returned to control (uninjured) levels by 14 days." SIGNOR-251723 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 23552696 t lperfetto "Active AKT, a common mediator of cell survival signals induced by radiation through multiple intracellular signaling pathways,11, 12 suppresses apoptosis. AKT positively regulates cyclin D1 expression through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ (GSK3_). The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3_ on serine9 decreases its kinase activity for Thr286 of cyclin D1, which inhibits the nuclear export and the cytoplasmic proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1" SIGNOR-245420 S protein P59594 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000801 17412287 f lperfetto "The ability of S-protein to induce TNF-a" SIGNOR-260280 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 NKLFQYAsTDMDKVL -1 8663403 t llicata "We show that serine 59 located between the MADS and MEF2 domains of MEF2C is phosphorylated in vivo and can be phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase-II (CKII). Phosphorylation of this site enhanced the DNA binding and transcriptional activity of MEF2C by increasing its DNA binding activity 5-fold." SIGNOR-250914 SNTB1 protein Q13884 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255992 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 DDGYMPMsPGVAPVP 10116 11287630 t lperfetto "Mtor induced the serine phosphorylation of irs-1 (ser-636/639), and such phosphorylation was inhibited by rapamycin. These results suggest that tnf impairs insulin signaling through irs-1 by activation of a pi 3-kinase/akt/mtor pathway, which is antagonized by pten" SIGNOR-106582 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2R2 protein Q712K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271358 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT NPPB protein P16860 UNIPROT unknown "transcriptional regulation" 15837525 f "In comparison to the ANF gene, less is known about BNP promoter consensus elements that regulate gene expression by mechanical or neurohumoral agonists. A number of cis-acting elements for GATA, Nkx2.5, NF-kappaB and TEF transcription factors have recently been identified within the BNP promoter that regulate BNP expression in response to specific agonists. This review focuses on the information available regarding cis-acting determinants responsible for inducible BNP transcription." SIGNOR-253651 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys21 GGAKRHRkVLRDNIQ 9606 12776177 t lperfetto "Thus, the TIP60 HAT complex is recruited to MYC-target genes and, probably with other other HATs, contributes to histone acetylation in response to mitogenic signals." SIGNOR-262061 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271301 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 GLMQRSSsFPYTTKG 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252976 Ast-487 chemical CID:11409972 PUBCHEM FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258173 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser662 GLGRSITsPTTLYDR 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104683 ITGA6 protein P23229 UNIPROT "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253199 NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 25338303 f lperfetto "E4BP4 is a repressor of epigenetically regulated SOSTDC1 expression in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-242767 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15367660 t gcesareni "Duplin (axis duplication inhibitor) interacts with beta-catenin and prevents its binding to tcf, thereby inhibiting downstream wnt signaling" SIGNOR-128976 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 KEEPKRRsARLSAKP 9606 10739259 t lperfetto "Protein kinases that phosphorylate hmg-14 17 at the major sites have been implicated from previous in vitro studies. Protein kinase c and a similar calcium phospholipid-dependent kinase have been reported to phosphorylate both proteins in vitro, where the phosphorylation of hmg-17 occurs predominantly at ser24 and to a lesser degree at ser28. Phosphorylation of hmg-14 at ser6 by camp- or cgmp-dependent kinases has also been reported. Thus, other kinases may contribute to phosphorylation at ser6 in response to oa. Ser88 and ser98 on hmg-14 are also phosphorylated by casein kinase ii in vitro. we conclude that the correlation we observe reflects a causal relationship, in which phosphorylation somehow facilitates the redistribution of hmg-14 and -17 toward non-nuclear pools." SIGNOR-76282 NELF complex SIGNOR-C521 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18628398 t miannu "The Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) is a transcription regulatory complex that induces stalling of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early transcription elongation and represses expression of several genes studied to date, including Drosophila Hsp70, mammalian proto-oncogene junB, and HIV RNA. It is composed of four subunits, NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/D, and NELF-E." SIGNOR-271403 H2AZ2 protein Q71UI9 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C323 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24311584 t miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression. However, no structural differences between H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 have been reported. In the present study, the crystal structures of nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 were determined." SIGNOR-263709 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis." gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps." SIGNOR-195663 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23863160 t lperfetto "Several studies published simultaneously illustrated that the equivalent mammalian ULK1Atg13FIP200 complex was also negatively regulated by mTORC1 in an analogous manner [17,18,24]. In mammalian cells, amino acid starvation or rapamycin treatment causes dephosphorylation of both Atg13 and ULK1, indicating that an mTORC1 input regulates the ULK1Atg13FIP200 complex mTORC1 modulates the kinase activity of ULK1 directly, with rapamycin treatment of cells leading to enhanced ULK1 kinase activity, whereas Rheb overexpression causes a decrease in ULK1 kinase activity" SIGNOR-209904 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10898795 t miannu "BCoR can interact w Because HDACs appear to be involved in repression by an increasing number of transcriptional repressors, we tested whether BCoR can associate with HDACs. BCoR can interact with HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC-B/5 more strongly than with HDAC-A/4, HDAC-C, HDAC-D, and HDAC-E." SIGNOR-252238 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270712 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr30 FATTDDFyDDPCFDSP 9606 BTO:0000007 12415271 t "We have found that c-Abl can phosphorylate MyoD at a conserved N-terminal tyrosine (Tyr30) that is located within the transactivation domain. Mutation of Tyr30 to Phe does not interfere with the function of MyoD, but theTyr30Phe mutant becomes resistant to the inhibitory effect of DNA damage." SIGNOR-253055 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1363 TFFTDNSy 9606 BTO:0000394 12881528 t lperfetto "Trans-phosphorylation of activated, dimerized receptor tyrosine kinases is known to be critical for the regulation of kinase activity and for receptor interaction with signal transduction molecules. In this study, we have identified five tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in the vegfr-3 carboxyl-terminal tail." SIGNOR-104092 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser312 TESITATsPASMVGG 9606 BTO:0004980 17242212 t gcesareni "Our data suggest that il-6 impairs the vasodilator effects of insulin that are mediated by the irs-1/pi3-kinase/akt/enos pathway through activation of jnk and erk1/2." SIGNOR-152418 Galanin smallmolecule CHEBI:80161 ChEBI GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257495 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 16403219 t lperfetto "All three Pim kinase family members predominantly phosphorylate Bad on Ser112 and in addition are capable of phosphorylating Bad on multiple sites associated with the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic function of Bad in HEK-293 cells. This would be consistent with the proposed function of Pim kinases in promoting cell proliferation and preventing cell death." SIGNOR-249607 MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR down-regulates ubiquitination 10116 BTO:0001009 14559897 t Monia "Pam Interacts with the Tuberin-Hamartin Complex—To examine the in vivo association of tuberin and Pam, we performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments in PC12 cells and rat embryonic brain. Immunoprecipitation of tuberin using an anti-tuberin antibody followed by immunoblot analysis showed that endogenous Pam co-immunoprecipitates with tuberin in PC12 cells and embryonic rat brain. Pam Homolog HIW Modulates Tsc1Tsc2 Activity in Drosophila. The enhancement of Tsc1Tsc2 phenotype by the removal of the hiw gene indicates that hiw negatively regulates Tsc1Tsc2 activity in Drosophila eye. Taken together, it is probable that Pam may function as an E3 ligase for tuberin and regulate the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the tuberinhamartin complex particularly in the CNS" SIGNOR-261202 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser80 PPNPEDRsPSPEPIY 9606 16420481 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q15637-2" gcesareni "Sf1 is phosphorylated on serines 80 and 82 in vitro and in vivo. Kis can phosphorylate sf1f on serine 80 and 82 with a high efficiency that particularly relies on the anchoring of its uhm domain to sf1. Serine phosphorylation of a conserved ser80-pro81-ser82-pro83 motif rigidifies a long unstructured linker in the sf1 helix hairpin and slightly enhances rna binding." SIGNOR-143837 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT KLC1 protein Q07866 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser460 YKACKVDsPTVTTTL 9606 21385839 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of kinesin light chain 1 at serine 460 modulates binding and trafficking of calsyntenin-1mutation of klc1ser460 to an alanine residue, to preclude phosphorylation, increased the binding of calsyntenin-1, whereas mutation to an aspartate residueklc1ser460 is a predicted mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) target site, and we show that extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylates this residue in vitro." SIGNOR-172638 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr753 ERDINSLyDVSRMYV -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249339 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser390 KEAEEESsGGEEEDE 9606 18649047 t gcesareni "We find that eif5 is associated with ck2 when the kinase activity is at the highest level in vivo, and is phosphorylated at ser389 and ser390 by ck2." SIGNOR-179546 DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001950 17667941 t miannu "DDX3 is a human RNA helicase with plethoric functions. we identified translation initiation factor eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) as a DDX3-binding partner. Interestingly, DDX3 utilizes a consensus eIF4E-binding sequence YIPPHLR to interact with the functionally important dorsal surface of eIF4E in a similar manner to other eIF4E-binding proteins. Furthermore, cap affinity chromatography analysis suggests that DDX3 traps eIF4E in a translationally inactive complex by blocking interaction with eIF4G." SIGNOR-269193 SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253404 PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT CPT1A protein P50416 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003204 17150915 f miannu "To investigate the intimate function of PPARalpha in the kidney, we analyzed the target gene expression in human metastatic renal cell carcinoma cell line, Caki-1, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PPARalpha and real-time RT-PCR methods. We found that some selected genes (long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase (FACL1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3)) were down-regulated by PPARalpha siRNA." SIGNOR-255047 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257919 ATP1A3 protein P13637 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 22797008 t miannu "The sodium/potassium transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 (AT1A3; syn.: sodium pump subunit alpha-3; E.C. 3.6.3.9; UniProtKB ID: Q6PIC6) belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) 3.A.3 family catalyzing hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action generates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions thus providing energy for active transport of various nutrients. Three sodium/potassium transporting ATPase isoforms are expressed in the brain but AT1A3 is detectable in neurons exclusively." SIGNOR-265793 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9534 BTO:0001538 7509796 t "Tyrosine residue 719 of the c-kit receptor is essential for binding of the P85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and for c-kit-associated PI 3-kinase activity in COS-1 cells" SIGNOR-255949 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257666 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 11960013 t lperfetto "In addition, IRAK-4 is able to phosphorylate IRAK-1, and overexpression of dominant-negative IRAK-4 is blocking the IL-1-induced activation and modification of IRAK-1, suggesting a role of IRAK-4 as a central element in the early signal transduction of Toll/IL-1 receptors, upstream of IRAK-1." SIGNOR-117315 FAM13B protein Q9NYF5 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260503 GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 25882190 t miannu "GABARAP was originally isolated as a binding partner of the GABAA receptor γ2-subunit in a yeast two-hybrid screen, and was suggested to have a role in the targeting and clustering of GABAA receptors." SIGNOR-264972 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 11279134 f lperfetto "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-235328 4-[4-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-N-[4-[[(2R)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(phenylthio)butan-2-yl]amino]-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]sulfonylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:94128 ChEBI BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q07817-1" gcesareni SIGNOR-189153 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 RQLRKVRsVELDQLP 9606 12228228 t gcesareni "Activation of ras may lead to two distinct ras-dependent pathways involving either a raf1/mek/mapk module or a mekk/sek/sapk module; jnk/sapk binds to the d domain near the nh2 terminus of mekk1 from approximately residues 6270 (9, 10). Pak1 can phosphorylate mekk1 on serine 67 within its jnk/sapk-binding d domain. Phosphorylation of mekk1 on serine 67 alters the state of the d domain, thereby decreasing its affinity for jnk/sapk. Under these conditions jnk/sapk is not recruited into the mekk1 signaling module." SIGNOR-92793 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Neverthless, some transcription factors, such as e47, er81, srf and creb are also phosphorylated by mk2" SIGNOR-166643 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 16293724 f lperfetto "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein) coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin. This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3b from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of b-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-244225 Erlin complex SIGNOR-C532 SIGNOR RNF170 protein Q96K19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21610068 t miannu "In summary, here we present evidence that RNF170 is an E3 ligase that mediates IP3 receptor ubiquitination and processing by the UPP and that it is recruited to activated IP3 receptors by the erlin1/2 complex to which it is constitutively bound." SIGNOR-271918 MARCHF5 protein Q9NX47 UNIPROT FIS1 protein Q9Y3D6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16874301 t miannu "MITOL associates with and ubiquitinates mitochondrial fission protein hFis1. (A) Ubiquitination of hFis1 by MITOL. Thus, MITOL may control the protein expression level of hFis1 through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-271896 NR1H2 protein P55055 UNIPROT BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19032342 f lperfetto "LXRα and LXRβ are potent positive regulators for hepatic Dec1" SIGNOR-253690 SRGAP3 protein O43295 UNIPROT RAC3 protein P60763 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12447388 f miannu "Wrp binds directly to wave-1 through its src homology domain 3 and specifically inhibits rac function in vivo." SIGNOR-95964 THRSP protein Q92748 UNIPROT MID1IP1 protein Q9NPA3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000457 20952657 t miannu "In the current study, we have determined the crystal structure of mouse S14 to 2.65-Å resolution. The structure of S14 reveals a helical protein arranged as a symmetric dimer. Cultured cell experiments indicate that S14 can form heterodimers with MIG12, suggesting a mechanism through which S14 could modulate ACC activity and subsequently rates of fatty acid synthesis via heterodimer formation with MIG12.In the current study, we have shown that regulating the levels of S14∶MIG12 heterodimers regulates the ability of MIG12 to activate ACC. Increasing S14∶MIG12 heterodimers by the overexpression of S14 resulted in decreased ACC activity and polymerization, whereas decreasing S14∶MIG12 heterodimers by knockdown of S14 increased ACC activity and polymerization." SIGNOR-267113 ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT "EIF4E2/GIGYF2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C257 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 30917308 t lperfetto "A key factor in this regulation is tristetraprolin (TTP), an RNA-binding protein (RBP) that recruits RNA-destabilizing factors and the translation inhibitory complex 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 to AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs" SIGNOR-261015 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 10116 BTO:0002320 15367659 t lperfetto "We also demonstrate that protein kinase D (PKD), a downstream effector of PKC, directly phosphorylates HDAC5 and stimulates its nuclear export. | Finally, we assessed the ability of PKD to phosphorylate HDAC5 in cells by employing an antibody that specifically recognizes HDAC5 that has been phosphorylated at serine 259. HDAC5 was basally phosphorylated at serine 259, and phosphorylation at this site was dramatically increased by coexpression of constitutively active PKD S/E" SIGNOR-249269 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser299 KNLGYRDsGYYWEVP 9606 BTO:0000848 15710605 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of endogenous a-raf, b-raf and raf-1 on the homologous pak phosphorylation sites (serine 299, serine 445, or serine 338 respectively)we found that the phosphorylation of a-raf on serine 299 was also stimulated by egf, although the duration of phosphorylation on this site was much shorter than for raf-1. Thus, by analogy with raf-1, phosphorylation of this site may play an important role in the a-raf activation mechanism." SIGNOR-236342 ERCC4/ERCC1 complex SIGNOR-C50 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 10542278 f miannu "HMLH1 and hPMS2 function in postreplicative mismatch repair in the form of a heterodimer referred to as hMutLα. Tumors or cell lines lacking this factor display mutator phenotypes and microsatellite instability, and mutations in the hMLH1 andhPMS2 genes predispose to hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer. Recombinant hMutLα and hMutLβ, expressed in the baculovirus system, were tested for their activity in an in vitro mismatch repair assay." SIGNOR-259064 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-16433 SH3PXD2B protein A1X283 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20943948 t lperfetto "Tks4 and Tks5 bind NoxA1 through their SH3 domains in a Rac-independent manner|NoxO1 is required for full Nox1 and Nox3 oxidase activity at least partially because of its role in the plasma membrane recruitment of the NoxA1 activator protein|Tks4 and Tks5 support Nox1- and Nox3-dependent ROS generation" SIGNOR-264707 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20230789 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Accumulating evidence indicates that protein phosphorylation regulates nox activity. In this report, we show that serine282 residue of nox activator 1 (noxa1) is phosphorylated by erk in response to egf resulting in desensitization of nox1 activity" SIGNOR-270203 CFHR1 protein Q03591 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 cleavage:Arg748 ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 27814381 t "complement C3b fragment: PRO_0000005911" lperfetto "Finally, we have been able to establish that CFHR1 can sterically inhibit the interaction that CFH/CFHL-1 SCR1-4 makes with C3b.|CFH regulates the alternative pathway of complement in both the fluid phase and on self-surfaces: It competes with complement factor B (CFB) for binding to C3b and C3(H2O) thereby blocking the formation of the pro-convertase complexes, C3bB and C3(H2O)B. It also accelerates the decay of any existing C3bBb or C3(H2O)Bb. |these data have allowed us to consolidate one possible model of CFHR1-mediated deregulation of CFH/CFHL-1 on an activating surface in which CFHR1 directly competes with or blocks both CFH-binding sites on C3b" SIGNOR-263475 TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000738 20018851 t "GILZ inhibits FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXO4 transcriptional activities measured with natural or synthetic FOXO-responsive promoters in HL-60 cells." SIGNOR-256146 PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Lys32 RARRPESkATNATLD -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus" SIGNOR-263573 TLR8 protein Q9NR97 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0004721;BTO:0002900 15661881 f miannu "TLR8 functions in monocytes and myeloid DC and is involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α." SIGNOR-259249 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086;BTO:0005511 15983365 f miannu "Transfection of NANOG-specific small interfering RNAs reduced levels of NANOG transcript and protein and induced activation of the extraembryonic endoderm-associated genes GATA4, GATA6, LAMININ B1, and AFP as well as upregulation of trophectoderm-associated genes CDX2, GATA2, hCG-alpha, and hCG-beta." SIGNOR-254625 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 ITSAARRsYVSSGEM -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. The sites phosphorylated by aurora-b;thr-7/ser-13/ser-38 of gfap, and thr-16 of desmin are common with those related to rho-associated kinase (rho-kinase), which has been reported to phosphorylate gfap and desmin at cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We identified ser-59 of desmin to be a specific site phosphorylated by aurora-b in vitro." SIGNOR-100165 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18721898 f lperfetto "Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-dependent activation of the rheb-mtor pathway triggers the simultaneous local synthesis of tc10 and par3." SIGNOR-252705 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 f gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-252309 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C3 17277771 t gcesareni "Furthermore, pras40 phosphorylation by akt and association with 14-3-3, a cytosolic anchor protein, are crucial for insulin to stimulate mtor. These findings identify pras40 as an important regulator of insulin sensitivity of the akt-mtor pathway and a potential target for the treatment of cancers, insulin resistance and hamartoma syndromes." SIGNOR-152936 CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT CTNNA1 protein P35221 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24336504 t milica "Additionally, the E-cadherin associated protein _-catenin regulates YAP directly by sequestering YAP/14-3-3 complexes in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-203468 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001211 22184117 f miannu "The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is a direct target gene of hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1). we observe that inactivation of endogenous HIC1 through RNA interference in normal breast epithelial cells results in the up-regulation of EphA2 and is correlated with increased cellular migration. chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and sequential ChIP experiments demonstrate that endogenous HIC1 proteins are bound, together with the MTA1 corepressor, to the EphA2 promoter in WI38 cells." SIGNOR-254241 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21508344 t lperfetto "SOCS proteins bind to janus kinase and to certain cytokine receptors and signaling molecules, thereby suppressing further signaling events. Studies have shown that SOCS proteins are key physiological regulators of inflammation. Recent studies have also demonstrated that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are important regulators of adaptive immunity.Both SOCS1 and SOCS3 can inhibit JAK tyrosine kinase activity directly through their kinase inhibitory regions (KIR)." SIGNOR-238642 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR miR-495 mirna URS000075C517_9606 RNAcentral "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17996649 f miannu "MiR-223 Expression Is Downregulated in AML1/ETO-Positive Primary Blasts and Cell Lines Here, we show that miR-223 is a direct transcriptional target of AML1/ETO. By recruiting chromatin remodeling enzymes at an AML1-binding site on the pre-miR-223 gene, AML1/ETO induces heterochromatic silencing of miR-223. Ectopic miR-223 expression, RNAi against AML1/ETO, or demethylating treatment enhances miR-223 levels and restores cell differentiation. Here, we identify an additional action for a leukemia fusion protein linking the epigenetic silencing of a microRNA locus to the differentiation block of leukemia." SIGNOR-261972 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT Protein_degradation phenotype SIGNOR-PH96 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 11717410 f "Atrogin-1 is one of the few examples of an F-box protein or Ub-protein ligase (E3) expressed in a tissue-specific manner and appears to be a critical component in the enhanced proteolysis leading to muscle atrophy in diverse diseases" SIGNOR-255342 HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation 10090 BTO:0002882 26387755 t "HDAC8 mediates CM-induced deacetylation of p53.Collectively, these results indicate that although binding to p53 and HDAC8 occurs through distinct regions of the CM protein, simultaneous interaction with HDAC8 and p53 is required for aberrant deacetylation and inactivation of p53." SIGNOR-255738 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser649 EVIEVDEsDVEEDIF 9606 BTO:0001938 28512243 t miannu "Plk1 phosphorylates Mre11 at S649.Mre11 phosphorylation at S649/S688 inhibits its binding to dsDNA and antagonizes the ATM signaling." SIGNOR-265943 oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30193097 t miannu "√Ǭ†PCK1 regulates an essential rate-limiting step by catalyzing the reversible conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).√Ǭ†" SIGNOR-266586 PTPRH protein Q9HD43 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "These results, combined with secondary dephosphorylation tests, confirm and extend earlier findings that ptp-1b and t-cell ptp are physiological enzymes for the insulin receptor kinase" SIGNOR-76080 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1497 EPGVERSsPSKCPSL 9606 BTO:0000551 19683496 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-187591 lisinopril chemical CHEBI:43755 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9187274 t miannu "We analyzed the inhibition of angiotensin I and AcSDKP hydrolysis as well as that of three synthetic ACE substrates by wild-type ACE and the N and C domains by using a range of specific ACE inhibitors. We demonstrate that captopril, lisinopril, and fosinoprilat are potent inhibitors of AcSDKP hydrolysis by wild-type ACE, with K(i) values in the subnanomolar range." SIGNOR-258611 SOX3 protein P41225 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10549281 t gcesareni "Two additional sox proteins, xsox17alfa and xsox3, likewise bind to beta-catenin and inhibit its tcf-mediated signaling activity." SIGNOR-72039 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 SRSGLYRsPSMPENL 9606 10037602 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-48, thr-67, ser-122, thr-130, ser-168 and ser-214 occurs at g2 and g2-m transition and is catalyzed by cdk1. Ser-168 phosphorylation levels are lower than those at the other 5 cdk1 sites. Phosphorylation by cdk1 leads to increased activity." SIGNOR-64960 profenamine chemical CHEBI:313639 ChEBI MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000142 19261605 t "Inhibitor of p38;ATP binding pocket" gcesareni "Indazole-based inhibitors exemplified by sr-3737 were potent inhibitors of both jnk3 (ic50 12 nm)." SIGNOR-184443 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ELAVL1 protein Q15717 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser221 QAQRFRFsPMGVDHM 9606 20086103 t lperfetto "Tandem phosphorylation of serines 221 and 318 by protein kinase cdelta coordinates mrna binding and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of hurstabilization of mrna by the ubiquitous rna binding protein human antigen r (hur), a member of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (elav) protein family, requires canonical binding to au-rich element (are)-bearing target mrna and export of nuclear hur-mrna complexes to the cytoplasm. In human mesangial cells (hmc) both processes are induced by angiotensin ii (angii) via protein kinase cdelta (pkcdelta)-triggered serine phosphorylation of hur." SIGNOR-163524 PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12038972 t gcesareni "Ep3 receptor signals are primarily involved in adenylyl cyclase via g(i) activation, and in ca(2+)-mobilization through g(beta)(gamma) from g(i)" SIGNOR-88143 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT GOLPH3 protein Q9H4A6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr143 ALKHVKEtQPPETVQ -1 BTO:0000567 24485452 t "In response to DNA damage, DNA-PK phosphorylates GOLPH3, resulting in increased interaction with MYO18A, which applies a tensile force to the Golgi. Interference with the Golgi DNA damage response by depletion of DNA-PK, GOLPH3, or MYO18A reduces survival after DNA damage, whereas overexpression of GOLPH3, as is observed frequently in human cancers, confers resistance to killing by DNA-damaging agents" SIGNOR-253557 DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257156 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT LLGL2 protein Q6P1M3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser653 LKKSLRQsFRRMRRS 9615 BTO:0000837 12725730 t miannu "This finding indicates that both mLgl-2 and mLgl-1 are phosphorylated in vivo in an aPKC lambda activity-dependent manner." SIGNOR-263180 RERE protein Q9P2R6 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000932 28144959 t miannu "In mammalian cells, RERE co‐immunoprecipitates with CBF1 and Notch intracellular domain (NICD), and is recruited to nuclear foci formed by over‐expressed NICD1. RERE is also necessary for NICD to activate the expression of Notch target genes." SIGNOR-264486 DHFR2 protein Q86XF0 UNIPROT (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21876184 t lperfetto "Human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was previously thought to be the only enzyme capable of the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate; an essential reaction necessary to ensure a continuous supply of biologically active folate. |We demonstrate that the DHFRP4, or dihydrofolate reductase-like 1 (DHFRL1), gene is expressed and shares some commonalities with DHFR." SIGNOR-268261 IL21 protein Q9HBE4 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11418623 t gcesareni "The common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) is an indispensable subunit of the functional receptor complexes for il-4, il-7, il-9, and il-15 as well as il-2. Here we show that the gamma(c) is also shared with the il-21r complex" SIGNOR-108858 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" methylation 9606 BTO:0004730 16415155 t irozzo "Men1 excision causes reduction of Hoxa9 expression, colony formation by hematopoietic progenitors, and the peripheral white blood cell count. Menin directly activates Hoxa9 expression, at least in part, by binding to the Hoxa9 locus, facilitating methylation of H3K4, and recruiting the methylated H3K4 binding protein chd1 to the locus. " SIGNOR-255894 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UHRF2 protein Q96PU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270958 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1773 AAHGKRPsIGNLEHV -1 19074150 t miannu "We recently demonstrated that PKA activation led to increased alpha(1D) Ca(2+) channel activity in tsA201 cells by phosphorylation of the channel protein. Western blotting showed that the N terminus and C terminus were phosphorylated. Serines 1743 and 1816, two PKA consensus sites, were phosphorylated by PKA and identified by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-263109 histidine smallmolecule CHEBI:27570 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264762 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT DIO1 protein P49895 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5’-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-y." SIGNOR-267485 ERAP1 protein Q9NZ08 UNIPROT oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31810556 t scontino "While peptides loaded onto MHC class I molecules are 8‚Äì11 amino acid residues long (a restriction based on the size and conformation of the peptide-binding groove of MHC class I molecules), peptides translocated by TAP can be significantly longer. These peptides will be trimmed to the correct length by ERAP-1." SIGNOR-267771 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18595745 t gcesareni "Igf-1 activated both the pi3k and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase [?] (erk [?]) Pathways as evidenced by phosphorylation of either akt or erk1 [?]/2 (respectively)" SIGNOR-179386 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT ROBO1 protein Q9Y6N7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268900 LRIG3 protein Q6UXM1 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23723069 f miannu "Lrig3 opposes lrig1 negative regulatory activity and stabilizes erbb receptors." SIGNOR-202180 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HSPB8 protein Q9UJY1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser14 PFSCHYPsRLRRDPF 9606 22721717 t lperfetto "Hsp22 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (at residues ser(14) and thr(63)) and by p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (at residues ser(27) and thr(87)). Concerning the possible function of hsp22, no definitive conclusions can be drawn with the available data, although its function might be to bind to and modulate the activity of hsp27.Some Studies claimed that phosphorylation is required for the translocation" SIGNOR-197940 MLNR protein O43193 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257222 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 8626452 t fstefani "Here we characterize a new map kinase phosphatase, mkp-2, that is induced in human peripheral blood t cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and is expressed in a variety of nonhematopoietic tissues as well. We show that the in vivo substrate specificities of individual phosphatases are unique. Pac1, mkp-2, and mkp-1 recognize erk and p38, erk and jnk, and erk, p38, and jnk, respectively." SIGNOR-40926 methoxamine chemical CHEBI:6839 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258448 SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18505829 f miannu "We investigated the mechanism of NFX1-91 repression of the hTERT promoter and demonstrated that NFX1-91 interacts with the corepressor mSin3A/HDAC to maintain the deacetylated status at the hTERT promoter, thus providing a mechanism by which NFX1-91 represses hTERT expression." SIGNOR-226363 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 22863277 t gcesareni "Lpa binds to a family of gpcrs known as lpa receptors (lpa1-6) to initiate intracellular signaling. Lpa1 was highly expressed and lpa3 was detectable in hek293a cells compared to other lpa receptors." SIGNOR-198523 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser158 REGTRVQsVEQIREV 9606 12872159 t lperfetto "Pak1 phosphorylates ctbp selectively on ser158 within a putative regulatory loop, triggering ctbp cellular redistribution and blocking ctbp ak1 superphosphorylates ctbp and inhibits ctbp dehydrogenase activitycorepressor functions." SIGNOR-103943 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser164 FKQQRYLsAPERDQL 9534 BTO:0004055 9858576 t llicata "Mutational analysis and in vitro kinase assays suggested that this 40-kDa Csx/Nkx2.5 kinase is a catalytic subunit of casein kinase II (CKII) that phosphorylates the serine residue between the first and second helix of the homeodomain. This CKII site is phosphorylated in vivo. CKII-dependent phosphorylation of the homeodomain increased Csx/Nkx2. 5 DNA binding. Serine-to-alanine mutation at the CKII phosphorylation site reduced transcriptional activity when the carboxyl-terminal repressor domain was deleted." SIGNOR-250924 BRIP1 protein Q9BX63 UNIPROT BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21240188 t irozzo "In this work, FANCJ and BLM were found to interact physically and functionally in human cells and co-localize to nuclear foci in response to replication stress. The cellular level of BLM is strongly dependent upon FANCJ, and BLM is degraded by a proteasome-mediated pathway when FANCJ is depleted." SIGNOR-259186 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT UGT2B7 protein P16662 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr438 RVINDPSyKENVMKL 9606 19289110 t gcesareni "Overexpression of regular or active src, but not dominant-negative src, in 2b7-transfected cos-1 cells increased 2b7 activity and phospho-y438-2b7 by 50%" SIGNOR-184613 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1896 SPTSPTYsPTSPVYT 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176817 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TMIGD2 protein Q96BF3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser220 GKDQRGQsIYSTSFP 9606 BTO:0001973 31341021 t miannu "We observed that IGPR-1 is activated by shear stress and tensile force and that flow shear stress-mediated IGPR-1 activation modulates remodeling of endothelial cells. Mechanistically, shear stress stimulated activation of AKT Ser/Thr kinase 1 (AKT1), leading to phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at Ser-220. " SIGNOR-273481 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT USP4 protein Q13107 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser445 NHRLRNDsVIVDTFH 9606 22706160 t miannu "AKT-mediated phosphorylation relocates nuclear USP4 to the cytoplasm and membrane and is required for maintaining its protein stability. " SIGNOR-273482 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ZRANB1 protein Q9UGI0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser78 SARPRVKsSYSMENA 9606 BTO:0000007 29748601 t miannu "Our findings also identify an essential role for activation of Trabid by AKT-mediated phosphorylation at Ser78/Thr117 in negatively regulating Twist1 signaling, which further provides insights into the mechanisms by which Trabid regulates Twist1 ubiquitination." SIGNOR-273483 N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:143788 ChEBI (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The second enzyme in the DNPB pathway is trifunc tional GART (TGART), whose domains and activities include: glycinamide ribonucleotide synthase (GARS) that catalyzes the ATP-dependent process that uses 5- PRA and Gly to make glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR); glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART) that transfers the formyl group of N10-formyltetrahydrofolate to GAR, generating formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR); and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthase (AIRS) that converts formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) to aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268103 IWS1 protein Q96ST2 UNIPROT "Iws1:Spt6:CTD complex" complex SIGNOR-C548 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19141475 t miannu "We showed recently that Spt6, a transcription elongation factor and histone H3 chaperone, binds to the Ser2P CTD and recruits Iws1 and the REF1/Aly mRNA export adaptor to facilitate mRNA export.In vitro, recombinant Spt6 binds selectively to a stretch of uninterrupted consensus repeats located in the N-terminal half of the CTD and recruits Iws1. Thus Iws1 connects two distinct CTD-binding proteins, Spt6 and HYPB/Setd2, in a megacomplex that affects mRNA export as well as the histone modification state of active genes." SIGNOR-273497 SUPT6H protein Q7KZ85 UNIPROT "Iws1:Spt6:CTD complex" complex SIGNOR-C548 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19141475 t miannu "We showed recently that Spt6, a transcription elongation factor and histone H3 chaperone, binds to the Ser2P CTD and recruits Iws1 and the REF1/Aly mRNA export adaptor to facilitate mRNA export.In vitro, recombinant Spt6 binds selectively to a stretch of uninterrupted consensus repeats located in the N-terminal half of the CTD and recruits Iws1. Thus Iws1 connects two distinct CTD-binding proteins, Spt6 and HYPB/Setd2, in a megacomplex that affects mRNA export as well as the histone modification state of active genes." SIGNOR-273498 SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 23805129 t lperfetto "The multidrug transporter MRP4, a multidrug resistance protein, is found on platelet dense granules and is proposed to transport adenine nucleotides into these granules (Jedlitschky et al., 2004). Uptake of serotonin from platelet cytosol into dense granules is mediated by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). |VMAT2 also appears to mediate histamine transport into dense granules" SIGNOR-265997 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR PYGO2 protein Q9BRQ0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26170450 t miannu "Here we report that Pygo2 protein is degraded through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and is posttranslationally stabilized through phosphorylation by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling. Specifically, Pygo2 is stabilized upon inhibition of the proteasome, and its intracellular level is regulated by Cullin 4 (Cul4) and DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1), components of the Cul4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-273501 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI PHF8 protein Q9UPP1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273477 LY294002 chemical CHEBI:65329 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10896679 t gcesareni "Here we show that inhibition of pi3-k activity by the pharmacological agent ly294002 affects early processes of myoblast differentiation including the transcriptional activation of myogenin." SIGNOR-252647 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TELO2 protein Q9Y4R8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser487 AQLAGSDsDLDSDDE 9606 23263282 t lperfetto "Here we report that tel2 and tti1 are targeted for degradation within mtorc1 by the scffbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mtor signalling to growth factor availability. This process is primed by ck2, which translocates to the cytoplasm to mediate mtorc1-specific phosphorylation of tel2/tti1. ere, we show that tel2 is constitutively phosphorylated on conserved serines 487 and 491 by casein kinase 2 (ck2)" SIGNOR-200202 COX6B1 protein P14854 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267742 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser619 SLPKINRsASEPSLH 9606 8288587 t gcesareni "Pkc can effectively phosphorylate raf-1, this is a direct effect of activated pkc and not the result of raf-1 autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-37545 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1238 ASWDQPGtPGREPTQ 9606 BTO:0000567 37584777 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on mass spec table" lperfetto "CDK1 phosphorylates AMBRA1 at T1209 and S1223. |CDK1-mediated phosphorylation primes PLK1 phosphorylation on AMBRA1|In this work, we show that AMBRA1 is sequentially phosphorylated at mitosis by CDK1 and PLK1 on multiple sites. In particular, CDK1 is responsible for the early phosphorylations on T1209 and S1223, and it promotes additional late phosphorylation events by PLK1 on AMBRA1. Altogether, these phosphorylation events are critical for proper spindle function and orientation. Indeed, phosphorylated AMBRA1 can interact with NUMA1 and is responsible for NUMA1 proper localization at the cell cortex. Moreover, we observe that loss of AMBRA1 leads to PLK1 protein stabilization and to an increase in phospho-NUMA1 levels which, in turn, contributes to spindle orientation defects." SIGNOR-272966 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 12023018 t miannu "We previously showed that human Aurora-A is turned over through the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)–ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. The association of two distinct WD40 repeat proteins known as Cdc20 and Cdh1, respectively, sequentially activates the APC/C. The present study shows that Aurora-A degradation is dependent on hCdh1 in vivo, not on hCdc20, and that Aurora-A is targeted for proteolysis through distinct structural features of the destruction box, the KEN box motifs and its kinase activity." SIGNOR-272610 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr361 EPFVSIPtPREKVAM 11493009 t lperfetto "Specifically, the complex formation between PTP-SL and ERK2 involves an unusual interaction leading to the phosphorylation of PTP-SL by ERK2 at Thr253 and the inactivating dephosphorylation of ERK2 by PTP-SL." SIGNOR-249477 RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22195963 t lperfetto "Mutant K-Ras promotes MST2 activation in two ways (i.e., by direct disruption of the inhibitory Raf-1-MST2 complex (Matallanas et al., 2008) and by forming an activating K-Ras-RASSF1A€“MST2 complex, as reported here." SIGNOR-249588 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001271 SIGNOR-C5 12835716 t lperfetto "Furthermore, c-myc activation can also promote the degradation of p27kip1 protein by directly activating the cul1 gene, which encodes a critical component of the ubiquitin ligase scfskp2" SIGNOR-102725 "1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynyl ester" chemical CHEBI:92418 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258634 USP6 protein P35125 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20418905 f miannu "These data confirm that tre17 activates nfkappab in a usp-dependent manner" SIGNOR-164949 PPIF protein P30405 UNIPROT ATP5PO protein P48047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32814770 t lperfetto "We here hypothesized that CypD phosphorylation on its residue S191 induces its translocation and binding to the OSCP to favor mPTP opening. " SIGNOR-264881 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT nicotinamide smallmolecule CHEBI:17154 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18662546 t miannu "The SIRT1 catalytic reaction involves the breakdown of one NAD+ molecule for each deacetylated acetyl lysine and the generation of nicotinamide and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose." SIGNOR-267964 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr95 DKTQLNPtSLQKLFR 9606 15319445 t gcesareni "Here we show that the protein kinase cdc25 c-associated kinase 1 (c-tak1) is a binding partner and a substrate of pim-1." SIGNOR-128268 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT PARD6A protein Q9NPB6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 RGDGSGFsL 9606 BTO:0000551 23249950 t lpetrilli "Transforming growth factor ? (tgf-?) Has been shown to regulate cell plasticity through the phosphorylation of par6 on a conserved serine residue (s345) by the type ii tgf-? Receptor." SIGNOR-200193 STXBP2 protein Q15833 UNIPROT "STX11-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C273 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 22767500 t lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23.¬†" SIGNOR-267727 EIF3E protein P60228 UNIPROT MAD2L1 protein Q13257 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "translation regulation" 9606 "BTO:0000815; BTO:0001938" 20453879 f irozzo "Validated mRNA targets regulated positively at the translational level by eIF3e included urokinase-type plasminogen activator and apoptotic regulator BCL-XL, whereas synthesis of proteins including the mitotic checkpoint component MAD2L1 was negatively regulated. Taken together, our study data suggest that eIF3e has a positive role in breast cancer progression." SIGNOR-259157 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11159537 f miannu "STAT3-mediated constitutive expression of SOCS-3 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma." SIGNOR-253050 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 18372248 t lperfetto "We propose that after mtorc1 kinase activation by upstream regulators, pras40 is phosphorylated directly by mtor, thus contributing to the relief of pras40-mediated substrate competition. We also find that mutation of ser-221 to ala increases the inhibitory activity of pras40 toward mtorc1." SIGNOR-235518 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR KCNJ4 protein P48050 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser443 NISYRREsAI 9606 BTO:0000007 19635485 t miannu "Kir2.3 can be phosphorylated by PKAin vitro. We further show that the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of Ser443 within the C-terminal Kir2.3 PDZ-binding motif RRESAI dynamically regulates the Kir2.3/TIP-1 association in heterologous HEK293T cells. These data suggest that TIP-1 may act as an important regulator for the endocytic pathway of Kir2.3." SIGNOR-263153 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT IFNGR2 protein P38484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249489 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT ALPL protein P05186 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f gcesareni "In addition to osteocalcin, cbfa1 regulates expression of several other genes that are activated during osteoblast" SIGNOR-107123 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT PLXNC1 protein O60486 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271532 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 10116 26984404 t "AMP inhibits the nuclear localization of ChREBP through an allosteric activation of ChREBP/14-3-3 interactions" SIGNOR-255667 GTP smallmolecule CHEBI:15996 ChEBI EEF1A:GTP:aa-tRNA complex SIGNOR-C493 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8722040 t miannu "The mechanism of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) catalyzed aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) binding to the A site of the ribosome was studied. Two types of complexes of EF-Tu with GTP and aa-tRNA, EF-Tu.GTP-aa-tRNA (ternary) and (EF-Tu.GTP)2.aa-tRNA (quinternary), can be formed in vitro depending on the conditions." SIGNOR-270812 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT PKCtheta/Nfix complex SIGNOR-C121 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 20178747 t llicata "In the case of the MCK promoter, Nfix forms a complex with PKC theta that binds, phosphorylates, and activates MEF2A." SIGNOR-238016 DCTN6 protein O00399 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 phosphorylation:Thr186 KTMKGSStPVKN 23455152 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the p27/p25 heterodimer undergoes mitotic phosphorylation by cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at a single site, p27 Thr186, to generate an anchoring site for polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) at kinetochores." SIGNOR-264798 CLASP1 protein Q7Z460 UNIPROT CLIP2 protein Q9UDT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15631994 t lperfetto "CLIP-associating protein (CLASP) 1 and CLASP2 are mammalian microtubule (MT) plus-end binding proteins, which associate with CLIP-170 and CLIP-115.|We demonstrate that the middle part of CLASPs binds directly to EB1 and to MTs. | Both EB1- and cortex-binding domains of CLASP are required to promote MT stability." SIGNOR-265092 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT TNFAIP6 protein P98066 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 8454627 t "Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) encodes a protein expressed during inflammation. We have previously shown that transcription factors of the NF-IL6 and AP-1 families cooperatively modulate activation of the TSG-6 gene by TNF or interleukin 1 (IL-1) through a promoter region that contains an NF-IL6 site (-106 to -114) and an AP-1 element" SIGNOR-254052 DNAJB9 protein Q9UBS3 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12356756 t miannu "When BAP was added to BiP (2:1 molar ratio of BAP:BiP), it increased the ATPase activity of BiP by about 2-fold, which was similar to the increase observed when the J domain of ERdj4 was added to BiP (Fig.5). When both BAP and the J domain were added to BiP, the rate of ATP hydrolysis by BiP was stimulated by about 4-fold over basal levels, indicating that both BAP and ERdj4 positively regulate the ATPase activity of BiP" SIGNOR-261044 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT TIGAR protein Q9NQ88 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001248 27803158 t miannu "TP53 inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a bisphosphatase that reduces glycolysis and is highly expressed in carcinoma cells in the majority of human breast cancers. TIGAR is the only known phosphatase glycolytic modulator regulated by TP53. The current study delineates the role of TIGAR in OXPHOS and glycolytic metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer." SIGNOR-267365 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser441 SPRRFIGsPRTPVSP 10116 15774499 t lperfetto "Thr 421/Ser 424 have been reported to be targeted by ERK1, 2 (39), JNK or p38 MAPKs (36). Interestingly, with a comparable kinetics, FSH represses ERK1, 2 constitutive phosphorylation in Sertoli cells isolated from 19-d-old rats" SIGNOR-111515 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000100 19291302 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "TNFα-dependent COMT downregulation was indeed mediated by the NF-κB pathway. Transient expression of p65, the essential component of NF-κB complexes, or IKKβ, the major positive regulator of NF-κB activition, significantly decreased P2-COMT reporter expression." SIGNOR-251964 PZP protein P20742 UNIPROT MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 9344465 t lperfetto "Both PZP and a2M collagenase complexes incubated with gelatin demonstrated a significant inhibition of the catalytic activity| MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261802 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser595 GPAISMAsPMSIPTN 10090 29681515 t apalma "Here, we identify a role for the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38g/MAPK12 as a critical regulator of satellite stem cell fate through phosphorylation of Carm1." SIGNOR-255897 PRSS2 protein P07478 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Lys34 QGTNRSSkGRSLIGK -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263606 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 SALNRTSsDSALHTS 10090 BTO:0000575 20577053 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation on the ser171 residue of crtc2 by ampk and ampk-related kinases, including the salt-inducible kinases (siks), is critical for determining the activity, cellular localization, and degradation of crtc2" SIGNOR-216576 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser71 SRRSGLCsPSYVAVT 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 10551811 t lperfetto "The jnk pathway is selectively involved in the c-myc-mediated apoptosis and that the apoptotic function of c-myc is directly regulated by jnk pathway through phosphorylation at ser-62 and ser-71." SIGNOR-236384 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258172 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 15632081 t gcesareni "Whereas insulin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt signaling was prolonged in both tcptp-/- and ptp1b-/- immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts (mefs), mitogen-activated protein kinase erk1/2 signaling was elevated only in ptp1b- mefs" SIGNOR-252639 "Ribonucleotide reductase" complex SIGNOR-C233 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14583450 f miannu "Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is responsible for the de novo conversion of the ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, which are essential for DNA synthesis and repair.RR consists of two subunits, hRRM1 and hRRM2." SIGNOR-259365 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser273 RPASVNGsPSATSES 9606 BTO:0000007 16446428 t gcesareni "Itch undergoes JNK1-mediated phosphorylation that greatly enhances its enzymatic activity. To investigate how phosphorylation activates an E3 Ub ligase we have identified the JNK1 phosphorylation sites within Itch as S199, S232, and T222" SIGNOR-249580 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr387 RTQTVRGtLAYLPEE 9606 14625308 t lperfetto "Sequential autophosphorylation steps in the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 regulate its availability as an adapter in interleukin-1 signalingthis identifies irak-1 as a novel type of adapter protein, which employs its own kinase activity to introduce negative charges adjacent to the protein interaction domain, which anchors irak-1 at the active receptor complex. Thus, irak-1 regulates its own availability as an adapter molecule by sequential autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-119216 6-propyl-2-thiouracil smallmolecule CHEBI:8502 ChEBI DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001379 27347897 t "inferred from family member" scontino "The activity of D1 but not D2 or D3 is inhibited by 6n-propylthiouracil (PTU)." SIGNOR-270240 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265664 IL15 protein P40933 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11418623 t gcesareni "The common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) is an indispensable subunit of the functional receptor complexes for il-4, il-7, il-9, and il-15 as well as il-2. Here we show that the gamma(c) is also shared with the il-21r complex." SIGNOR-108815 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser26 GTASRPSsSRSYVTT -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248882 PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 17974954 t "Several protein tyrosine phosphatases are capable of activating Src by dephosphorylating Y530 (reviewed in ref. 9). These include PTP-α, PTP-λ, SHP-1, SHP-2, and PTP1B" SIGNOR-248437 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser172 YRDPSCLsPASSLSS 9606 10652349 t "Translocation from Nucleus to Cytoplasm" esanto "We show that jnk, erk, and p38 physically associate with the nfatc n-terminal regulatory domain and can directly phosphorylate functionally important residues involved in regulating nfatc subcellular localization, namely ser(172) and the conserved nfatc ser-pro repeats." SIGNOR-74560 RNF138 protein Q8WVD3 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16714285 t miannu "Here, we show that NARF induces the ubiquitylation of TCF/LEF in vitro and in vivo, and functions as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase that specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K. We found that NLK augmented NARF binding and ubiquitylation of TCF/LEF, and this required NLK kinase activity. The ubiquitylated TCF/LEF was subsequently degraded by the proteasome." SIGNOR-271593 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT DFFB protein O76075 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 9108473 t gcesareni "Casp3_ cleaves the 45 kda subunit at two sites to generate an active factor that produces_ dna_ fragmentation" SIGNOR-47419 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11788583 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Keratin 8 (k8) serine 73 occurs within a relatively conserved type ii keratin motif . Here we show that ser-73 is exclusively phosphorylated in vitro by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The ser-73 --> ala-associated filament reorganization defect is rescued by a ser-73 --> asp mutation. Also, disease-causing keratin mutations can modulate keratin phosphorylation and organization, which may affect disease pathogenesis." SIGNOR-270125 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT CCN4 protein O95388 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002409 10716946 t "This study identifies WISP-1 as a beta-catenin-regulated gene that can contribute to tumorigenesis. The promoter of WISP-1 was cloned and shown to be activated by both Wnt-1 and beta-catenin expression." SIGNOR-256270 ABT-737 chemical CID:11228183 PUBCHEM BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271;BTO:0000776;BTO:0000785 17200714 t gcesareni "A cell-permeant compound, abt-737, binds with high affinity to bcl2, bcl2l1, and bcl2l2, antagonizes their antiapoptotic function, and induces apoptosis in select human tumor cell lines, primary patient-derived cells." SIGNOR-151784 SRD5A1 protein P18405 UNIPROT 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one smallmolecule CHEBI:16330 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15861399 t miannu "Testosterone is the predominant circulating androgen in mammals and is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5Œ±-reductase in certain tissues of the male urogenital tract, skin, and other target cells. DHT binds with highest affinity to AR and together with testosterone promotes AR transcriptional activity thereby ensuring the development and maintenance of male reproductive functions." SIGNOR-251534 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser447 GSPRTPVsPVKFSPG 9606 BTO:0000150 19085255 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase." SIGNOR-182808 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser386 LRGAQAAsPAKGEPS 9606 BTO:0000567 23348582 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on mass spec table" lperfetto "Cdk1-cyclin B1 directly phosphorylates PTP1B at serine 386 in a kinase assay. Recombinant Plk1 phosphorylates PTP1B on serine 286 and 393 in vitro, however, it requires a priming phosphorylation by Cdk1 at serine 386 highlighting a novel co-operation between Cdk1 and Plk1 in the regulation of PTP1B.|Finally, phosphorylation on serine 286 enhanced PTP1B phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-272970 cis-(z)-Flupenthixol chemical CHEBI:10454 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258715 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 19151334 f miannu "We further tested the functional relationship between STAT3 and SALL4 using MDA-MB-231, a breast cell line carrying constitutive SALL4 expression and STAT3 activity. Down-regulation of the STAT3 activity using a dominant-negative construct resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of SALL4." SIGNOR-255244 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser102 NPRKYLRsVGDGETV 9606 BTO:0000150 19036157 t lperfetto "We therefore conclude that rsk1/rsk2 are novel activators of yb-1, able to phosphorylate the serine 102 residue." SIGNOR-182497 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16601693 f gcesareni "Axin promotes smad3 phosphorylation;phosphorylated smad3 dissociates from the axin complex and then combines with smad4 to activate transcription in the nucleus." SIGNOR-145848 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257989 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14701738 f miannu "Two functions for Gem have been demonstrated, including inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel activity and inhibition of Rho kinase-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization, such as stress fiber formation and neurite retraction. These functions for Gem have been ascribed to its interaction with the calcium channel Β subunit and Rho kinase Β, respectively." SIGNOR-261712 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000667 15284024 f "JAK activation occurs upon ligand-mediated receptor multimerization because two JAKs are brought into close proximity, allowing trans-phosphorylation. The activated JAKs subsequently phosphorylate additional targets, including both the receptors and the major substrates, STATs." lperfetto "Two possibilities for STAT activation exist: a janus kinase (JAK)-dependent and a JAK-independent mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate that EGFR overexpression in primary esophageal keratinocytes activates STAT in a JAK-dependent fashion" SIGNOR-235870 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MEP1B protein Q16820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser687 KKYRERMsSNRPNLT 9534 BTO:0001538 12941954 t miannu "These findings suggest that activation of a protein kinase, presumably PKC, mediates PMA-induced hmeprinβ shedding. By labeling COS-1 cells transfected with mutant constructs lacking the potential phosphorylation sites, we identified Ser687 as the main 32P-acceptor. These data provide evidence that the cytoplasmic domain of hmeprinβ can function as a PKC substrate." SIGNOR-263172 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136553 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19637194 f irozzo "FBP1 down-regulates cell cycle inhibitors and proapoptotic genes. Interestingly, we also observed the up-regulation of proapoptotic genes following FBP1 knockdown in Hep3B cells. In addition, mRNA levels of the death ligands tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were significantly increased." SIGNOR-259130 PCGF2 protein P35227 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C408 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31608994 t miannu "PRC1 has been categorised into canonical and noncanonical/variant PRC1; canonical PRC1 (Morey, Aloia, Cozzuto, Benitah, & Di Croce, 2013) includes chromobox (Cbx) proteins, Ring1, human polyhomeotic homologue protein (Hph) and polycomb ring finger (Pcgf) (Pcgf2/Mel18 and Pcgf4/Bmi1) proteins whereas noncanonical/variant PRC1 involves RING1 and YY1 binding protein (Rybp), Ring1 and Pcgf (Pcgf 1–6) proteins (Wu, Johansen, & Helin, 2013). Figure 3 illustrates the various proteins that form the canonical and noncanonical PRC1. The Ring1 along with Pcgf2/4 forms a core heterodimer which interacts with other accessory components of PRC1 complex through C‐terminal ring finger and WD40 ubiquitin‐like (RAWUL) domains see Figure 4b" SIGNOR-266813 MCM10 protein Q7L590 UNIPROT POLA1 protein P09884 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" relocalization -1 19608746 t Federica "Mcm10 is an essential eukaryotic protein required for the initiation and elongation phases of chromosomal replication. Specifically, Mcm10 is required for the association of several replication proteins, including DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha), with chromatin." SIGNOR-261271 vorapaxar chemical CHEBI:82702 ChEBI F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18447380 t Luana "The discovery of an exceptionally potent series of thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists based on the natural product himbacine is described. " SIGNOR-257792 Mequitazine chemical CHEBI:31821 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257780 EHF protein Q9NZC4 UNIPROT SPRR1B protein P22528 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 12682075 f "Consistent with this, overexpression of EBS-binding proteins ESE-1 and ESE-3 significantly stimulated SPRR1B promoter activity. Furthermore, preceding SPRR1B transcription, PMA up-regulated mRNA expression of ETS family members such as ESE-1 and ESE-3" SIGNOR-254280 PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C133 SIGNOR MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser966 NEYLRSIsLPVPVLV 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP also mediates recruitment of PP2A to ASK1, binding both proteins through its C2 domain; this favors removal of the inhibitory S967 phosphorylation and further activation of ASK1" SIGNOR-254756 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr169 TEAPAVVtEEEDDDE 9606 BTO:0004828 32483448 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, CDK12 directly binds to and phosphorylates PAK2 at T134/T169 to activate MAPK signaling pathway" SIGNOR-273112 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PDIA3 protein P30101 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr467 KKLNPKKyEGGRELS -1 8631326 t miannu "Lyn phosphorylates tyrosine residues Y444, Y453 and Y466 which are located in a highly acidic region of the protein at the C-terminus. Upon phosphorylation, p57 forms a complex with Lyn which can be immunoprecipitated with anti-Lyn IgG. The association which occurs between the phosphorylated substrate and the SH2 domain of the kinase is consistent with the suggested 'processive phosphorylation' model, which implies that a primary phosphorylation site of the substrate binds to the SH2 domain of the enzyme and triggers the phosphorylation at secondary site(s)." SIGNOR-262896 MTMR2 protein Q13614 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58088 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18429927 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 can be dephosphorylated by the 3-phosphatase myotubularins (MTMs), leading to the production of PtdIns5P. Myotubularins also dephosphorylate PtdIns3P into PtdIns" SIGNOR-269807 PROX1 protein Q92786 UNIPROT RORC protein P51449 UNIPROT down-regulates 23723244 f azuccotti "In this study, we identify Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1) as a novel co-repressor of the retinoic acid-related orphan receptors, RORgamma and RORalpha. Prox1 interacts directly with RORgamma and RORalpha and negatively regulates their transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-254507 Apoptosome complex SIGNOR-C230 SIGNOR CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 9390557 t lperfetto "Activated caspase-9 in turn cleaves and activates caspase-3. Mutation of the active site of caspase-9 attenuated the activation of caspase-3 and cellular apoptotic response in vivo, indicating that caspase-9 is the most upstream member of the apoptotic protease cascade." SIGNOR-256472 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PIP4K2B protein P78356 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser326 SYGTPPDsPGNLLSF 9606 16949365 t gcesareni "Inhibition of pip4kbeta activity occurs through the direct phosphorylation of pip4kbeta at ser326 by the p38 stress-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-149359 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 t Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261582 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser980 VHAPRRCsDGGAHGY 9606 10693759 t lperfetto "Ci/gli zinc finger proteins mediate the transcriptional effects of hedgehog protein signals. In drosophila, ci action as transcriptional repressor or activator is contingent upon hedgehog-regulated, pka-dependent proteolytic processingall six pka phosphorylation sites are required for processing of gli3." SIGNOR-75359 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT HTT protein P42858 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser419 GGRSRSGsIVELIAG 9606 BTO:0000938 12062094 t llicata "We demonstrate that huntingtin is a substrate of akt and that phosphorylation of huntingtin by akt is crucial to mediate the neuroprotective effects of igf-1." SIGNOR-252590 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16286470 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The dual-specificity mapk phosphatase mkp-1/cl100/dusp1 is an inducible nuclear protein controlled by p44/42 mapk (erk1/2) in a negative feedback mechanism to inhibit kinase activity. Here, we report on the molecular basis for a novel positive feedback mechanism to sustain erk activation by triggering mkp-1 proteolysis. Active erk2 docking to the def motif (fxfp, residues 339-342) of n-terminally truncated mkp-1 in vitro initiated phosphorylation at the ser(296)/ser(323) domain" SIGNOR-270093 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT PPP1R1A protein Q13522 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser67 LKSTLAMsPRQRKKM 10116 11278334 t "In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. | However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation." SIGNOR-248693 SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT JADE1 protein Q6IE81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23001567 t miannu "Siah-1 decreases Jade-1 abundance and enhances Jade-1 ubiquitination" SIGNOR-272915 S protein P59594 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000801 17412287 f lperfetto "The ability of S-protein to induce TNF-a" SIGNOR-260278 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1668 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248739 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 CGSSGYFsSSPTLSS 9606 22017877 t lperfetto "We found that deptor was rapidly phosphorylated on three serines in a conserved degron, facilitating binding and ubiquitylation by the f box protein _trcp, with consequent proteasomal degradation of deptor. Phosphorylation of the _trcp degron in deptor is executed by ck1" SIGNOR-176891 CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9267021 t "Cytochrome C released from mitochondria" lperfetto "Once released from mitochondria, cytochrome c binds to Apaf-1, which may trigger the activation of caspase-3 in the presence of dATP." SIGNOR-50585 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21799911 t "By RNAi screening, we identified the RNF146 RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling that operates with tankyrase to maintain low steady-state levels of Axin proteins." SIGNOR-259998 buspirone chemical CHEBI:3223 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258837 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr261 GLVTTLHyPAPKCNK 9606 15735735 t lperfetto "The results show that arg is stabilized in response to 0.1 mm h2o2 by autophosphorylation of y-261, consistent with involvement of the arg kinase function in regulating arg levels. The results further demonstrate that c-abl-mediated phosphorylation of arg on y-261 similarly confers arg stabilization" SIGNOR-134396 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT LARS1 protein Q9P2J5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269420 RNF128 protein Q8TEB7 UNIPROT ARHGDIA protein P52565 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000661 17114425 t miannu "We found that RhoGDIα and RhoGDIβ are ubiquitin E3 substrates of GRAIL. GRAIL uses nonlysine 48-ubiquitin linkage in polyubiquitinating RhoGDI. GRAIL was subsequently demonstrated to bind and ubiquitinate RhoGDI, although GRAIL-mediated ubiquitination of RhoGDI did not result in proteosomal degradation. Our data suggest that ubiquitination of RhoGDI by GRAIL does not result in proteolytic degradation. In fact, GRAIL activity appeared to increase RhoGDI stability." SIGNOR-271622 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257684 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR Oxidative_stress phenotype SIGNOR-PH215 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22301329 f lperfetto "Oxidative stress is defined by an imbalance between increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a low activity of antioxidant mechanisms. An increased oxidative stress can induce damage to the cellular structure and potentially destroy tissues." SIGNOR-272275 "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257707 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12055200 t fspada "Inhibition of adipogenesis by wnt10b is likely mediated by wnt receptors, frizzled 1, 2, and/or 5, and co-receptors low density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 7" SIGNOR-89137 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1913 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269376 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 PNEPVSDyINANIIM 9534 BTO:0004055 8995399 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 304 and 327 in shp-2 are phosphorylated by jaks, and phosphorylated shp-2 can associate with the downstream adapter protein grb2" SIGNOR-236266 FBXO3 protein Q9UK99 UNIPROT FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25721664 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxo3 targets Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we show that another F-box protein Fbxo3, belonging to the FBXO type protein family, also interacts with and targets Smurf1 for poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The SCF complex is composed of F-box protein, Skp1, Cullin1 (Cul1) and ROC1. Fbxo3, whose substrates are few, forms SCF Fbxo3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates the degradations of Fbxl2, p62, HIPK2 and p300 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272445 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 18758450 t lperfetto "Here we report that the ubiquitin ligase (e3) traf6 interacts with a consensus motif present in tbetari. The tbetari-traf6 interaction is required for tgf-beta-induced autoubiquitylation of traf6 and subsequent activation of the tak1-p38/jnk pathway, which leads to apoptosis." SIGNOR-236119 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp326 NSEEDEMdSGTMVRA 9534 BTO:0004055 11517310 t lperfetto "In response to apoptotic stimuli, caspase cleavage of mst1 occurs at asp-326 and asp-349, resulting in the separation of its n-terminal kinase domain from the nes-containing c-terminal domain. Thus, caspase cleavage of mst1 serves two purposes: one is activation of mst1 kinase activity and the other is translocation of mst1 into the nucleus." SIGNOR-256444 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT NOVA2 protein Q9UNW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser25 EVVCTKRsNTGEEGE 9606 BTO:0000007 32492405 t miannu "CaMKIV Phosphorylates Nova-2 and Regulates Its Nuclear Localization. CaMKIV Phosphorylates Nova-2 and Regulates Its Nuclear Localization. Conversely, Nova-2 with single or double mutations to alanine (2A and 1A2A) was predominantly nuclear, like the WT (Figures 5H and ​and5I).5I). In contrast, glutamate mutations at site 3 had no effect on Nova-2 localization (Figures 5H and ​and5I)5I) or on Nova-2 binding to RNA (Figure S5E). These results showed that active CaMKIV reduces Nova-2 nuclear localization by phosphorylating sites 1 and 2 (S25, T27)." SIGNOR-273521 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser157 GSILSDIsFDKTDES 9606 19468302 t llicata "Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of a purified hscyk-4 fragment (hscyk-4n) phosphorylated by plk1 in vitro identified four major sites (s157, s170, s214, and s260 plk1 phosphorylation of hscyk-4 localizes ect2 at the midzone and stimulates rhoa-dependent contractile ring assembly at the equatorial cortex." SIGNOR-185746 ORC6 protein Q9Y5N6 UNIPROT ORC complex SIGNOR-C419 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32808929 t lperfetto "The dynamic nature of the human origin recognition complex revealed through five cryoEM structures|Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. |The very first step of this initiation process is accomplished by DNA association with the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a six-subunit protein that forms a partial ring around origin DNA" SIGNOR-267562 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252845 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 15546612 t gcesareni "Purified recombinant cycc:cdk8 phosphorylates the notch icd within the tad and pest domains, and expression of cycc:cdk8 strongly enhances notch icd hyperphosphorylation and pest-dependent degradation by the fbw7/sel10 ubiquitin ligase in vivo." SIGNOR-273153 "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp27 DDLFFEAdGPKQMKC -1 1919001 t lperfetto "IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE) specifically cleaves the human IL-1 beta precursor at two sequence-related sites: Asp27-Gly28 (site 1) and Asp116-Ala117 (site 2). Cleavage at Asp116-Ala117 results in the generation of mature, biologically active IL-1 beta. " SIGNOR-256375 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10090 11865049 t miannu "We show here that mPer proteins, negative limbs of the autoregulatory loop, are specific substrates for CKIepsilon and CKIdelta. The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-267997 IFNA10 protein P01566 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 1632769 f Regulation miannu "Interleukin-1 and interferon-alpha and gamma induce lipolysis and decrease LPL activity but do not stimulate much PG production. These results demonstrate that cytokines enhance lipolysis and decrease LPL activity in 3T3 adipocytes by a PG independent mechanism." SIGNOR-251859 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 8413257 t lperfetto "Raf-1 phosphorylation of MEK activated it, as judged by its ability to stimulate the phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by glutathione S-transferase-ERK1." SIGNOR-244831 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136." SIGNOR-81149 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 21248841 f lperfetto "The importance of polycomb function for stem cells is best illustrated by various PcG-knockout mice. Deletion of any of the PRC2 members results in embryonic lethality. In vitro studies with ES cells demonstrated that cells lacking EED or Suz12 could not maintain their pluripotency and were prone to differentiation." SIGNOR-241910 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr319 CQLGQRIyQYIQSRF 9606 10910078 t lperfetto "Mirk kinase is activated by autophosphorylation on tyrosine at the y271/y273 site" SIGNOR-79760 tadalafil chemical CHEBI:71940 ChEBI PDE5A protein O76074 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21189023 t Luana "All of the final compounds and intermediates synthesized were screened for in vitro tumor cell growth inhibition activity using the human MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cell line and for inhibition of recombinant human PDE5 at a single concentration of 10 μM. For compounds showing >60% inhibition, the IC50 was determined by testing a range of eight concentrations with quadruple replicates per concentration, tadalafil used as a positive control.| Conversely, tadalafil possessed a selectivity index of just 16.6 for PDE5 versus PDE11" SIGNOR-257887 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ZNF281 protein Q9Y2X9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser638 PRVDLHTsGEHSELV 9606 BTO:0001615 29179460 t lperfetto "GSK-3beta phosphorylation-dependent degradation of ZNF281 by beta-TrCP2 suppresses colorectal cancer progression|" SIGNOR-264890 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000157 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253797 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TBC1D7 protein Q9P0N9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser124 GKLPRSPsFPLEPDD 9606 BTO:0000007 30143532 t miannu " Sequence analysis identified a putative site for both Akt-mediated phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding at Ser-124, and we found that Akt phosphorylates TBC1D7 at Ser-124. However, this phosphorylation had no effect on the binding of TBC1D7 to TSC1, but stabilized TBC1D7." SIGNOR-273541 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser296 GFSKHIQsNLDFSPV 9606 BTO:0001938 23068608 t lperfetto "TheSer296autophosphorylation ofCHK1is mainly regulated by an intramolecular mechanism in response to DNA damage." SIGNOR-217904 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT KRT17 protein Q04695 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 21796151 f miannu "IL-17A upregulates keratin 17 expression in keratinocytes through STAT1- and STAT3-dependent mechanisms." SIGNOR-255234 sulpiride chemical CHEBI:32168 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7576010 t miannu "The affinities of D2 receptors for agonists and antagonists were compared for receptors labeled with [1251]-7-OHPIPAT and with [*251]-NCQ-298 under conditions that promote, respectively, coupling or uncoupling of receptors to G proteins. Table 1. When receptors were labeled with [lzs1]-NCQ-298, D2 and D3 receptors displayed similar potencies for sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist (Figure 3A, Table I)." SIGNOR-258431 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257393 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp373 PATQCISdGKLNEGH 9606 11741536 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase (ikk) beta was specifically proteolyzed by caspase-3-related caspases at aspartic acid residues 78, 242, 373, and 546 during tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-112792 panitumumab antibody DB01269 DRUGBANK EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000176 11255078 t miannu "ABX-EGF binds EGFr with high affinity (5x10(-11) M), blocks the binding of both EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) to various EGFr-expressing human carcinoma cell lines, and inhibits EGF-dependent tumor cell activation, including EGFr tyrosine phosphorylation, increased extracellular acidification rate, and cell proliferation. Being a fully human antibody, ABX-EGF is anticipated to exhibit a long serum half-life and minimal immunogenicity with repeated administration, even in immunocompetent patients. These results demonstrate the potent anti-tumor activity of ABX-EGF and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of multiple human solid tumors that overexpress EGFr." SIGNOR-259898 KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 28073943 f miannu "JMJD2B induction attenuates the transcription of key p53 transcriptional targets including p21, PIG3 and PUMA, and this modulation is dependent on the catalytic capacity of JMJD2B." SIGNOR-263732 CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 8524328 t gcesareni "These results indicate that crk binds to c-cbl in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-39241 N-hydroxy-2-[4-[[(1-methyl-3-indolyl)methylamino]methyl]-1-piperidinyl]-5-pyrimidinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:94771 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193513 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR BGN protein P21810 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15536164 f miannu "Biglycan, NGAL, and MMP-9 are transcriptionally up-regulated by NF-kappaB, a transcription factor that is activated in FAP nerves and SG." SIGNOR-254797 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21211055 f gcesareni "Tead1 can regulate transcription of the foxo3a gene through the binding to the m-cat element, demonstrated with independent chip-pcr analysis, emsa and luciferase reporter system assay. The over-expression and inhibition analysis suggest that foxo3a was positively regulated by tead1." SIGNOR-253003 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 19033656 t gcesareni "This promigratory phenotype resulted from increased stathmin protein levels, caused by a lack of kis-mediated stathmin phosphorylation at serine 38 and diminished stathmin protein degradation." SIGNOR-182489 KLHL21 protein Q9UJP4 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 27641145 t miannu "Indeed, KLHL21 localizes to FA structures preferentially at the leading edge, and in complex with Cul3, ubiquitylates EB1 within its microtubule-interacting CH-domain. Cells lacking CRL3(KLHL21) activity or expressing a non-ubiquitylatable EB1 mutant protein are unable to migrate and exhibit strong defects in FA dynamics, lamellipodia formation and cortical plasticity. Our study thus reveals an important mechanism to regulate cortical dynamics during cell migration that involves ubiquitylation of EB1 at focal adhesions." SIGNOR-272408 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol chemical CHEBI:64064 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20590599 t Luana "The affinity measurements (log KD values of −5.73, −9.26 and −6.33 for β1, β2 and β3, respectively), show that salmeterol has high affinity for the β2-adrenoceptor. " SIGNOR-257852 PCDH19 protein Q8TAB3 UNIPROT GABRA6 protein Q16445 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 SIGNOR-C334,SIGNOR-C328,SIGNOR-C329 29360992 t miannu "Here, we found that PCDH19 binds the alpha subunits of GABAAR and regulates its surface availability and currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. The PCDH19 gene (Xp22.1) encodes the cell-adhesion protein protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) and is responsible for a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by female-limited epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autistic features, the pathogenic mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a new interaction between PCDH19 and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) alpha subunits in the rat brain. PCDH19 shRNA-mediated downregulation reduces GABAAR surface expression and affects the frequency and kinetics of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. " SIGNOR-267221 FBXL15 protein Q9H469 UNIPROT SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21572392 t miannu "Here, we report that F-box and LRR domain-containing protein 15 (FBXL15), an F-box protein of the FBXL family, forms an Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein-Roc1 (SCF)(FBXL15) ubiquitin ligase complex and targets Smurf1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.  FBXL15, through its leucine-rich repeat domain, specifically recognizes the large subdomain within the N-lobe of the Smurf1 HECT domain and promotes the ubiquitination of Smurf1 on K355 and K357 within the WW-HECT linker region. In this way, FBXL15 positively regulates BMP signalling in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-271909 SETD2 protein Q9BYW2 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 18158893 f gcesareni "In response to hypoxia, foxo3a transcript levels accumulate in an hif1-dependent way, resulting in enhanced foxo3a activity." SIGNOR-252986 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24743741 f "Activation of PDGFRα stimulates proliferation of PDGFRα(+) cells through PI3K-Akt and MEK2-MAPK signaling pathways, and aberrant accumulation of PDGFRα(+) cells was conspicuous in muscles of patients with both genetic and non-genetic muscle diseases." SIGNOR-257606 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Thr-tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29163 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269556 MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr754 KIYSGDYyRQGRIAK 9606 8702477 t gcesareni "By using a vaccinia virus expression system to express a constitutively activated form of nyk, we identified the major sites of nyk autophosphorylation in tryptic peptide iy749sgdy753y754r. Tyr-749, tyr-753, and tyr-754 in this peptide lie in the activation loop of the kinase domain." SIGNOR-42922 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Pro-tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29154 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269534 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT MARK4 protein Q96L34 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr214 TLGSKLDtFCGSPPY 9606 14976552 t lperfetto "Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1we recently demonstrated that the lkb1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase strad and the scaffolding protein mo25, phosphorylates and activates amp-activated protein kinase (ampk). A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold" SIGNOR-122682 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT PITX2 protein Q99697 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 19850024 f gcesareni "These results suggest that wnt/lef1 signaling regulates epaxial myogenesis via pitx2 but that this link is uncoupled in other regions of the body, emphasizing the unique molecular networks that control the development of various muscles in vertebrates. The pitx2 promoter contains tcf/lef binding sites and expression can be induced by licl, which activates the canonical wnt signaling pathway" SIGNOR-188730 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT PXDN protein Q92626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 29305973 t miannu "TGF-β1 induced Snai1 binding to the PXDN promoter (as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR) and significantly repressed luciferase reporter gene expression, as did Snai1 overexpression." SIGNOR-265249 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 GILARRPsYRKILKD 10090 BTO:0000452 11909979 t lperfetto "Using embryonic fibroblasts derived from these mice we were able to demonstrate an important role for these enzymes in the activation of CREB and the closely related transcription factor ATF1. | Our results clearly demonstrate that MSK1 and MSK2 are the major, if not the only, protein kinases that mediate the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 and of ATF1 at Ser63 in fibroblasts" SIGNOR-249144 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser532 KIKQEVEsPTDKSGN 9606 BTO:0000661 8960373 t lperfetto "Functional analysis of phosphorylation at serine 532 of human c-myb by map kinase. expression of a polypeptide containing the c-myb c-terminal domain stimulated c-myb activity. This effect is reduced upon mapk-dependent phosphorylation of serine 532. Our data suggest that the mapk-dependent state of phosphorylation modifies the cellular function of c-myb by modulating its interaction with a putative inhibitory factor" SIGNOR-45348 COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253247 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16611981 t gcesareni "Gli2 can also be phosphorylated directly by ck-1 at the non-optimal sites" SIGNOR-146112 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT ATN1 protein P54259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser739 EEYETPEsPVPPARS 9606 BTO:0000142 12812981 t lperfetto "Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy protein is phosphorylated by c-jun nh2-terminal kinase. serine 734 of the drpla protein is a phospho-acceptor site by jnk. The phosphorylation may be coupled to the activation of a protease. The molecular size of drpla protein detected in the rat brain with the specific phosphopeptide antibody was 150_kda, which was slightly smaller than that expected from the sequence and the results with the human protein. The phosphorylated forms of ha-tagged human drpla gradually disappeared after osmotic treatment," SIGNOR-102402 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT ITGB6 protein P18564 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257693 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 8929531 t lperfetto "The rapid phosphorylation of bad following il-3 connects a proximal survival signal with the bcl-2 family, modulating this checkpoint for apoptosis.phosphorylatedBAD is bound to 14-3-3 within the cytosol, while only nonphosphorylated BAD is heterodimerized with membrane-bound BCL-XL." SIGNOR-44858 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser343 TVSKTETsQVAPA -1 9099669 t lperfetto "Thus, the primary protein kinase C sites are Ser334 and Ser338, with minor phosphorylation of Thr335/336 and Ser343." SIGNOR-248968 RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 SIGNOR-C14 16493424 f miannu "In the case of NOD2, activation of RICK leads to K63 (Lys63)-linked polyubiquitylation of IKKgamma, the scaffold of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB)-kinase complex (the IKK complex), which also consists of IKKalpha and IKKbeta. This is followed by the phosphorylation of IKKbeta, as well as the phosphorylation of IkappaB and the release of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) for translocation to the nucleus. So, in activating the IKK complex, RICK either activates an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes K63-linked polyubiquitylation or inhibits an enzyme (such as cylindromatosis protein, CYLD) that de-ubiquitylates proteins that are modified with K63-linked polyubiquitin, so RICK does not require its own kinase activity for this function." SIGNOR-252413 YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT NDRG1 protein Q92597 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17072343 f miannu "YB-1 knockdown by siRNA upregulated 344 genes, including MDR1, thymidylate synthetase, S100 calcium binding protein and cyclin B, and downregulated 534 genes, including CXCR4, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, E-cadherin and phospholipase C." SIGNOR-255612 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT MYH2 protein Q9UKX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238718 LAMC1 protein P11047 UNIPROT Laminin-10 complex SIGNOR-C182 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 11821406 t lperfetto "The laminin (LN) family of large heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins has multiple functions: LNs take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation, in addition to contributing to the structure of basement membranes. LN-10, composed of alpha5, beta1, and gamma1 chains, is widely distributed in most basement membranes of both epithelia and endothelia." SIGNOR-253231 "MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C89 SIGNOR "PAX7/MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C90 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 t miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198620 TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT TRAF1 protein Q13077 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 8069916 f gcesareni "Traf1 interacts with tnf-r2 indirectly through heterodimer formation with traf2." SIGNOR-33843 Hypoxia stimulus SIGNOR-ST25 SIGNOR EGLN1 protein Q9GZT9 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 32755251 f lperfetto "Under hypoxic conditions, PHD2 activity is limited, and therefore HIF-1α protein is stabilized, leading to an increase in the transcription of erythropoietin as well as hundreds of target genes that coordinate diverse processes" SIGNOR-261995 PJA2 protein O43164 UNIPROT PRKAR2B protein P31323 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21423175 t miannu "Praja2 controls the stability of PKA regulatory subunits. Praja2 ubiquitylates RIIα/β subunits. Subunits" SIGNOR-271858 TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 1649701 t "E12/E47-like proteins interact in vivo with the myogenic HLH proteins MyoD and myogenin" lperfetto "In addition we demonstrate that myod, in conjunction with e12/e47-like proteins, is functioning as a regulatory nodal point for activation of several other downstream muscle regulators." SIGNOR-20540 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 BTO:0000150 15084260 t lperfetto "Ikappab kinase promotes tumorigenesis through inhibition of forkhead foxo3a. The tnf treatment of ht-29 cells increased ikk-dependent foxo3 ser644 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252950 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271094 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270831 FKBP4 protein Q02790 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000947 19545546 t "We noted that FK506 altered nuclear localization of the GR and inhibited expression of GR-responsive genes. Furthermore, si-RNA knockdown of FKBP4 gene, coding for the immunophilin FKBP52, inhibited cortisol-activated GR nuclear translocation" SIGNOR-252034 IFNA1 protein P01562 UNIPROT IFNAR1 protein P17181 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8181059 t fspada "The present study describes a novel type i ifn receptor having the ability to bind and respond to several subtypes of ifn-a as well as to ifn-8. This 102 kda-51 kda receptor is essential for the activity of many type i ifns, as demonstrated with anti-receptor antibodies." SIGNOR-36622 IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT IFNAR1 protein P17181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 11278538 t lperfetto "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-219301 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT ELMO1 protein Q92556 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr216 VLNSHDLyQKVAQEI 9606 15952790 t llicata "We previously showed that elmo1 binds directly to the hck sh3 domain and is phosphorylated by hck. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify the following sites of elmo1 phosphorylation: tyr 18, tyr 216, tyr 511, tyr 395, and tyr 720. Mutant forms of elmo1 lacking these sites were defective in their ability to promote phagocytosis and migration in fibroblasts." SIGNOR-138146 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr693 RELVEPLtPSGEAPN -1 1651322 t lperfetto "A growth factor-stimulated protein kinase activity that phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor at Thr669 has been described Anion-exchange chromatography demonstrated that this protein kinase activity was accounted for by two enzymes. The first peak of activity eluted from the column corresponded to the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) kinase" SIGNOR-20545 PC protein P11498 UNIPROT pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24363178 t miannu "As an alternative to decarboxylation by PDH, the second major fate of mitochondrial pyruvate is the irreversible, ATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase (PC). Oxaloacetate is a critical intermediate in metabolism, linking carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism (Fig. 2)" SIGNOR-266554 CCNH protein P51946 UNIPROT "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269321 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GRB7 protein Q14451 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10803466 t gcesareni "Insulin induces the ir-grb7 interaction in cells expressing physiological levels of the proteins, suggesting that grb7 is implicated in insulin signaling." SIGNOR-77153 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 12588998 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-98293 MAK protein P20794 UNIPROT MAK protein P20794 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr157 LRSQPPYtDYVSTRW 9606 21986944 t Manara "We conclude that dual phosphorylation on the TDY motif is crucial for MAK activity, and that the autokinase activity is required for this phosphorylation" SIGNOR-260779 GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23450633 t gcesareni "Ga12/13 recruitment of rho-gefs causes rhoa activation and f-actin assembly, which promotes lats1/lat2 inactivation by an unknown, but myosin-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-192108 oxybutynin chemical CHEBI:7856 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 22243489 t Luana " Compared to the reference compound oxybutynin, an antagonist used for the treatment of OAB,(5) the newly synthesized 1,4-dioxane derivatives exhibit a higher potency." SIGNOR-258328 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser103 RQDKKDKsRAPISAK 31253668 t lperfetto "CDK1 contributes to upregulation of PRPS1 activity by phosphorylating PRPS1 at S103|In conclusion, compared with upregulation of PRPS1 expression levels, increased PRPS1 activity, which is marked by S103 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-265728 GAD1 protein Q99259 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32041144 t miannu "Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a unique pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which exhibits several well-known physiological functions." SIGNOR-267551 CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17252 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000050;BTO:0000056 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268658 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser556 GLGCRLHsAPNLSDL 9606 21205641 t lperfetto "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-216457 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 f "These results reveal that CRTC2 plays an essential role in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis through coordinated regulation of the glucocorticoid/GR- and glucagon/CREB-signaling pathways on the key genes G6P and PEPCK." SIGNOR-256107 PRKRA protein O75569 UNIPROT DICER1/hAgo2/PRKRA complex SIGNOR-C41 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23661684 t lperfetto "Immunoprecipitation and reconstitution experiments in various systems have shown that Dicer associates with proteins in the Argonaute (Ago) family of endonucleases and with specific double-stranded RNA-binding proteins (dsRBPs) (3–7). | In humans, these dsRBPs are protein activator of PKR (PACT) (5) and trans-activation response RNA-binding protein (TRBP) (3,4)." SIGNOR-255318 PHA-680632 chemical CID:11249084 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206100 TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT MYOD/E2-2 complex SIGNOR-C129 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16847330 t 2 miannu "The MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors function as heterodimers with members of the E-protein family to induce myogenic gene activation." SIGNOR-241382 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr1175 AQQDGKDyIVLPISE 16835467 t gcesareni "(vegfr) phosphorylated y1175 creates a binding site for phospholipase cgamma1 (plc-gamma1)" SIGNOR-147870 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser222 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 8131746 t gcesareni "Activation of mek family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved ser/thr residues.Phosphopeptide analysis demonstrated that serine residues 218 and 222 of human mek1 are the primary sites for phosphorylation by c-raf" SIGNOR-36449 SPRY2 protein O43597 UNIPROT CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11053437 t gcesareni "One function of hspry2 in signaling processes downstream of rtks may be to modulate c-cbl physiological function such as that seen with receptor-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-83507 CTSE protein P14091 UNIPROT A2M protein P01023 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Phe834 QLEASPAfLAVPVEK -1 12631277 t lperfetto "Disruption of structural and functional integrity of alpha 2-macroglobulin by cathepsin E|Analysis of the N-terminal amino-acid sequences of these proteins revealed that alpha 2M was selectively cleaved at the Phe811-Leu812 bond in about 100mer downstream of the bait region." SIGNOR-266977 FFAR1 protein O14842 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256799 "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI PFKP protein Q01813 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19454274 t "The PFKFB enzymes synthesize fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) which allosterically activates 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1), a rate-limiting enzyme and essential control point in the glycolytic pathway. PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP when energy stores are abundant and F2,6BP can override this inhibition and enhance glucose uptake and glycolytic flux" SIGNOR-267268 CPS1 protein P31327 UNIPROT glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15096496 t "CPSase catalyzes the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine, bicarbonate, and two ATP molecules" SIGNOR-267198 histamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18295 ChEBI HRH4 protein Q9H3N8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257515 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR LONRF3 protein Q496Y0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271162 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr375 GRGARGGtRGGRGRI 9606 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249256 SRP54 protein P61011 UNIPROT SRPRB protein Q9Y5M8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 30649417 t miannu "The multi-domain SRP GTPase SRP54 recognizes the signal with its M domain and establishes the targeting complex consisting of its NG domain bound to the homologous NG domain of the SRP receptor SRα at a proximal ribosome binding site." SIGNOR-261165 HOXD12 protein P35452 UNIPROT MAFB protein Q9Y5Q3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221896 SLC1A7 protein O00341 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26687113 t miannu "After release from presynaptic nerve terminals, glutamate is quickly removed from the synaptic cleft by a family of five glutamate transporters, the so-called excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-5)." SIGNOR-264806 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP 9606 SIGNOR-C9 15241418 t llicata "We found that ser 203 and ser 207 were phosphorylated by map kinase and that thr 178 was phosphorylated mostly by cdk and to a lesser extent by map kinase" SIGNOR-126744 "E2 conjugating enzyme" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF105 SIGNOR Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR "form complex" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270842 PTH protein P01270 UNIPROT PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18981475 t gcesareni "Here we show that binding of pth to its receptor pth1r induced association of lrp6, a coreceptor of wnt, with pth1r. The formation of the ternary complex containing pth, pth1r, and lrp6 promoted rapid phosphorylation of lrp6, which resulted in the recruitment of axin to lrp6, and stabilization of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-182039 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 20231899 t gcesareni "In addition, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) is stimulated by ampk-induced pld1 activation through the formation of phosphatidic acid (pa), which is a product of pld" SIGNOR-164289 GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 9606 12145344 f lperfetto "HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEINS are essential for cell signaling throughout the body. The stimulatory G protein, Gs, couples activation of a host of different transmembrane receptors to adenylyl cyclase stimulation, leading to intracellular generation of cAMP" SIGNOR-268692 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser643 KILIASPsPTHIHKE 9606 BTO:0000567 18519666 t lperfetto "We show that at least two different nuclear protein kinases, one of them identified as p42/p44 mapk, can modify hif-1_. Analysis of in vitro phosphorylated hif-1_ by mass spectroscopy revealed residues ser-641 and ser-643 as possible mapk phosphorylation sites these data suggest that phosphorylation of ser-641/643 by mapk promotes the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of hif-1_" SIGNOR-178735 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-176379 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 18032587 f lperfetto "SOSTDC1 is orthologous to a recently characterized murine antagonist of BMPs-2, -4, and -7" SIGNOR-242752 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1668 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120096 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser23 GAGGYTQsPGGFGSP 9606 1318195 t llicata "Cdc2 family kinases phosphorylate a human cell dna replication factor, rpa, and activate dna replication. therefore, the serines on rpa p34 that were necessary for phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase were also necessary for phosphorylation in the cell" SIGNOR-16971 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser353 DSAIDTWsPSEWQMA 9606 11259409 t lperfetto "Using modified jnk and its atp analogue enables the detection of novel jnk substrates. Among substrates identified using this approach is heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k, which is involved in transcription and post-transcriptional mrna metabolism. The newly identified substrate can be phosphorylated by jnk on amino acids 216 and 353, which contribute to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k mediated transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-105762 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270735 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr760 LFKSATTtVMNPKFA 9606 BTO:0000751 11700305 t lperfetto "Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) delta and PKCbetaI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCalpha and PKCeta also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCalpha additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. |" SIGNOR-249125 SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264585 HIVEP2 protein P31629 UNIPROT SSTR2 protein P30874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001976 10207097 t Luana "Activation of somatostatin receptor II expression by transcription factors MIBP1 and SEF-2 in the murine brain." SIGNOR-261617 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZXDC protein Q2QGD7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271279 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT RAPGEF2 protein Q9Y4G8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser960 KKRVRRSsFLNAKKL 9606 BTO:0000782 18796635 t lperfetto "After t-cell activation, the direct phosphorylation of rapgef2 at ser960 by pkc- theta regulates rap1 activation as well as lfa-1 adhesiveness to icam-1. Pkc- theta and its effector rapgef2 are critical factors in tcr signaling to rap1" SIGNOR-181186 GH1 protein P01241 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15665309 f Luana "Autocrine hGH increased the transcription and subsequent mRNA level and protein expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 in human mammary epithelial cells" SIGNOR-261627 RAB3GAP1 protein Q15042 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 10116 BTO:0000142 11809763 t miannu "Rab3A, a member of the Rab3 small G protein family, regulates Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter. The cyclical activation and inactivation of Rab3A are essential for the Rab3A action in exocytosis. GDP-Rab3A is activated to GTP-Rab3A by Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein (Rab3 GEP), and GTP-Rab3A is inactivated to GDP-Rab3A by Rab3 GTPase-activating protein (Rab3 GAP)." SIGNOR-265580 SNW1 protein Q13573 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887 10713164 t gcesareni "Contact with skip is required for biological activity of notchic. A mutation in the fourth ankyrin repeat that abolished notch signal transduction did not affect interaction with cbf1 but abolished interaction with skip." SIGNOR-75788 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT TRAF1 protein Q13077 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8069916 t amattioni "Our analysis indicates that traf1 and traf2 are associated with the cytoplasmic domain of tnf-r2 in a heterodimeric complex in which traf2 contacts the receptor directly. Traf1 interacts with tnf-r2 indirectly through heterodimer formation with traf2." SIGNOR-35881 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr92 EVPDVTAtPARLLFF 9606 18676833 t gcesareni "Mcl-1 is phosphorylated at two sites in mitosis, ser64 and thr92. Phosphorylation of thr92 by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1)-cyclin b1 initiates degradation of mcl-1 in cells arrested in mitosis by microtubule poisons." SIGNOR-216900 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10708759 t esanto "Autophosphorylated trka binds directly to plc?, Abl, and shc." SIGNOR-75408 CHMP6 protein Q96FZ7 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265526 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t gcesareni "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-252065 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr758 NPLFKSAtTTVMNPK 9606 BTO:0000751 11700305 t lperfetto "Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) delta and PKCbetaI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCalpha and PKCeta also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCalpha additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. |" SIGNOR-249121 SLK protein Q9H2G2 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000671 16316999 t gcesareni "Induction of apoptosis by the ste20-like kinase slk, a germinal center kinase that activates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase and p38" SIGNOR-142665 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr261 GLVTTLHyPAPKCNK 9606 15735735 t lperfetto "The results show that arg is stabilized in response to 0.1 mm h2o2 by autophosphorylation of y-261, consistent with involvement of the arg kinase function in regulating arg levels. The results further demonstrate that c-abl-mediated phosphorylation of arg on y-261 similarly confers arg stabilization" SIGNOR-134400 CACNA1H protein O95180 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 30736831 t miannu "Certain types of sensory neurons express Cav3.2 calcium channels [12, 13] These channels belong to the family of low-voltage gated T-type calcium channels" SIGNOR-269278 RAB9A protein P51151 UNIPROT RABEPK protein Q7Z6M1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9230071 t lperfetto "P40 is a very potent transport factor in that the pure, recombinant protein can stimulate, significantly, an in vitro transport assay that measures transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. The functional importance of p40 is confirmed by the finding that anti-p40 antibodies inhibit in vitro transport. Finally, p40 shows synergy with Rab9 in terms of its ability to stimulate mannose 6-phosphate receptor transport. These data are consistent with a model in which p40 and Rab9 act together to drive the process of transport vesicle docking." SIGNOR-253088 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18678647 t gcesareni "The rnf8 ring domain signals ubc13 to sites of damage, which is sufficient for dna damage signal transduction." SIGNOR-179823 PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11940666 t miannu "Here we demonstrate colocalization and direct interaction between CLIP-170 and LIS1. In mammalian cells, LIS1 recruitment to kinetochores is dynein/dynactin dependent, and recruitment there of CLIP-170 is dependent on its site of binding to LIS1, located in the distal zinc finger motif." SIGNOR-252166 PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18071304 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Merlin contains a c-terminal serine 518, which is phosphorylated both by p21-activated kinase (pak) and protein kinase a (pka) (shaw et al., 2001;kissil et al., 2002;xiao et al., 2002;alfthan et al., 2004). Phosphorylation at this site is predicted to result in a more open conformation incapable of inhibiting cell growth," SIGNOR-269976 AARS1 protein P49588 UNIPROT alanine smallmolecule CHEBI:16449 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32314272 t miannu "Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N)." SIGNOR-270446 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr10 DVEDGEEtCALASHS 9606 BTO:0000567 12748192 t llicata "In the present study, we show the evidence that CKBBP1 is phosphorylated on threonine residue at position 10 by CKII in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, disruption of this phosphorylation in CKBBP1 results in accumulation of IκBα and p27Kip1 in HeLa cells and inhibits cell proliferation that appears to be linked to defects in G1/S transition." SIGNOR-251081 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10023660 t gcesareni "The human f box protein beta-trcp associates with the cul1/skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-64502 Cyclopamine chemical CHEBI:4021 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191227 NTN4 protein Q9HB63 UNIPROT NEO1 protein Q92859 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 28245592 t miannu "Experiments have demonstrated that Neogenin also mediates Netrin-1 attractive functions. Both DCC and Neogenin are type I transmembrane receptors that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins." SIGNOR-268170 "okadaic acid" chemical CHEBI:44658 ChEBI STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23493077 f gcesareni "Okadaic acid has been frequently used to enhance the phosphorylation of mst1 and mst2 and to trigger the activation of the hippo pathway." SIGNOR-201554 COLGALT1 protein Q8NBJ5 UNIPROT COL3A1 protein P02461 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation -1 19075007 t "Recombinant GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 enzymes showed a strong galactosyltransferase activity toward various types of collagen and toward the serum mannose-binding lectin MBL, which contains a collagen domain. Amino acid analysis of the products of GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 reactions confirmed the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine residues." SIGNOR-261154 LDHB protein P07195 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000164 34929314 f lperfetto "LDHB is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactic acid and NAD+ into pyruvate, NADH and H+. " SIGNOR-267654 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr290 NKLKPPGtPPPSSRK 10090 19560418 t "These findings indicate that calcineurin modulates the phosphorylation state of KSR2, but not KSR1, and identifies S198, T287, and the S310 14-3-3 binding site as the KSR2 residues targeted by calcineurin.|the negative regulators 14-3-3" SIGNOR-248381 CDH4 protein P55283 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265866 DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29479476 t miannu "The initial step of signaling inside the cell after netrin-1/DCC ligation is the binding of DCC cytoplasmic P3 motif to focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Here we report the crystal structure of P3/FAT complex. The helical P3 peptide interacts with a helix-swapped FAT dimer in a 2:2 ratio. Dimeric FAT binding is P3-specific and stabilized by a calcium ion. We propose that netrin-1/DCC engagement creates a small cluster of P3/FAT for FAK recruitment close to the cell membrane, which exerts a concerted effect with PIP2 for FAK signaling. Axon guidance assays confirm that this DCC/FAK complex is physiologically essential for netrin-1-induced chemoattraction." SIGNOR-268370 BLOC1S3 protein Q6QNY0 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22203680 t lperfetto "We show that BLOC-1 is an elongated complex that contains one copy each of the eight subunits pallidin, Cappuccino, dysbindin, Snapin, Muted, BLOS1, BLOS2, and BLOS3. The complex appears as a linear chain of eight globular domains, ∼300 A long and ∼30 A in diameter." SIGNOR-265934 BCLAF1 protein Q9NYF8 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17938203 f Luana "These results demonstrate that Btf positively regulates TP53 expression through CPE-TP53." SIGNOR-261568 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20837657 t lperfetto "In canonical wnt signaling, dsh phosphorylation inhibits the apcaxingsk3 complex, leading to beta-catenin stabilization." SIGNOR-227911 Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21041486 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266974 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22832221 f gcesareni "Brca1/e2f1/ctipbinding to atm promoter activates atm transcription." SIGNOR-198470 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser279 SSPTAPLsPMSPPGY 9606 BTO:0000567 9535909 t lperfetto "These studies confirm that connexin-43 is a MAP kinase substrate in vivo and that phosphorylation on Ser255, Ser279, and/or Ser282 initiates the down-regulation of gap junctional communication. Studies with connexin-43 mutants suggest that MAP kinase phosphorylation at one or more of the tandem Ser279/Ser282 sites is sufficient to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249402 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1735 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248755 nitrendipine chemical CHEBI:7582 ChEBI KCNN4 protein O15554 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9730970 t miannu "IK was blocked by the classical inhibitors of the Gardos channel charybdotoxin (IC50 28 nM) and clotrimazole (IC50 153 nM) as well as by nitrendipine (IC50 27 nM), Stichodactyla toxin (IC50 291 nM), margatoxin (IC50 459 nM), miconazole (IC50 785 nM), econazole (IC50 2.4 microM), and cetiedil (IC50 79 microM). Finally, 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone, an opener of the T84 cell IK channel, activated hIK with an EC50 of 74 microM." SIGNOR-258831 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 23151663 f gcesareni "In pcp , dvl binds to proteins such as pkc, atypical pkc (apkc), dvl associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (daam1), dvl-associating protein with a high frequency of leu residues (daple) and partitioning defective 6 (par6), which are important for the regulation of small gtpases such as rho and rac and, consequently, the cytoskeleton and cell polarity58." SIGNOR-199384 DCAF12 protein Q5T6F0 UNIPROT MAGEA6 protein P43360 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002806 31267705 t miannu " The CRL4‐DCAF12 E3 ubiquitin ligase degrades MAGE‐A3/6" SIGNOR-272255 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PDE3B protein Q13370 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser318 CKIFRRPsLPCISRE 10090 BTO:0000011 10454575 t gcesareni "PDE3B is a physiological substrate of Akt and that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of PDE3B on serine-273 is important for insulin-induced activation of PDE3B." SIGNOR-252554 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr436 FHRNHTAtVRSHAEN 9606 11123317 t lperfetto "Here, we present a selective mutagenesis analysis of two conserved threonine residues (T410 and T412) located at the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic region of CD5. These residues are contained within consensus phosphorylation motifs for protein kinase C and are shown here to be critical for in vivo protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of CD5. " SIGNOR-249074 LY-2157299 chemical CHEBI:137064 ChEBI TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193778 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1714 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273044 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr564 SKHKEDVyENLHTKN 9606 BTO:0001412 8692915 t "The SH3 domain of c-Abl interacts with a WPDHGVPSEP motif (residues 417-426) in the catalytic domain of SHPTP1 and that c-Abl phosphorylates C terminal Y536 and Y564 sites. The functional significance of the c-Abl-SHPTP1 interaction is supported by the demonstration that, like c-Abl, SHPTP1 regulates the induction of Jun kinase activity following DNA damage." SIGNOR-251433 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT MCM3 protein P25205 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser160 KTIERRYsDLTTLVA 9606 18283219 t lperfetto "Mcm3 was efficiently and specifically phosphorylated by dapk on a unique site, ser160 / the functional effects of dapk-mediated phosphorylation and any connection to these functions remain to be determined" SIGNOR-160958 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr1197 STAENAEyLRVAPQS 9606 BTO:0000567 19836242 t "We report the identification of PTPRK and PTPRJ (density-enhanced phosphatase-1 [DEP-1]) as EGFR-targeting phosphatases. DEP-1 is a tumor suppressor that dephosphorylates and thereby stabilizes EGFR by hampering its ability to associate with the CBL-GRB2 ubiquitin ligase complex|By employing commercially available antibodies, which are supposed to recognize specific tyrosine phosphorylation sites of EGFR, we found that depletion of endogenous DEP-1 nonselectively increased receptor phosphorylation, affecting all three sites we analyzed (tyrosines 1045, 1068, and 1173" SIGNOR-248699 NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT DYNC1H1 protein Q14204 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 11163259 t miannu "LIS1 specifically binds the P1 loop domain of CDHC, while NUDEL binds the C-terminal region as well as a distinct binding site in the P1 loop domain. LIS1 and NUDEL regulate CDHC localization and motor function. Reduction of LIS1 leads to mislocalization of NUDEL, CDHC, β-tubulin, and the Golgi complex" SIGNOR-252159 PSMD12 protein O00232 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263352 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR EIF4G2 protein P78344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" stabilization 9606 17581632 t lperfetto "EIF3 plays many functions in initiation complex formation. It interacts with eIF1, eIF5, eIF4B and eIF4G, and the direct interaction between eIF3 and eIF4G may serve as a bridge between the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF4F-bound mRNA (Hershey and Merrick, 2000). eIF3 stabilizes the binding of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex to the 40S subunit" SIGNOR-269156 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 DDGYMPMsPGVAPVP 9606 15001544 t lperfetto "Rin beta-cells exposed to high glucose exhibited increased c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) and erk1/2 activity, which was associated with increased irs-1 phosphorylation at serine (ser)(307) and ser(612), respectively, that inhibits coupling of irs-1 to the insulin receptor and is upstream of the inhibition of irs-1 tyrosine phosphorylation." SIGNOR-123173 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10116 BTO:0001593 18981475 t gcesareni "These results suggest that camppka activation is involved in activation of lrp6(...) our results demonstrate that lrp6 can be directly phosphorylated by pka catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-181979 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 PMC3619734 f areggio "Here, we show that in cultured myotubes undergoing atrophy, the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreases, leading to activation of Foxo transcription factors and atrogin-1induction." SIGNOR-254990 RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 11250903 t lperfetto "HRRN3 is essential in the SL1-mediated recruitment of RNA Polymerase I to rRNA gene promoters|We conclude that hRRN3 functions to recruit initiation-competent Pol I to rRNA gene promoters. The essential role for hRRN3 in linking Pol I to SL1 suggests a mechanism for growth control of Pol I transcription." SIGNOR-269648 "JNJ-28312141 free base" chemical CID:11676971 PUBCHEM CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259748 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT FST protein P19883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 24344199 t lperfetto "We further demonstrate that Fst is a direct target of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Activation and inactivation of β-catenin induced and inhibited Fst expression, respectively, in both C2C12 cells and mouse embryos. Specific TCF/LEF1 binding sites within the promoter and intron 1 region of the Fst gene were required for RSPO2 and WNT/β-catenin-induced Fst expression." SIGNOR-251722 CCAR2 protein Q8N163 UNIPROT SUV39H1 protein O43463 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 26158765 t lperfetto "Besides SIRT1, CCAR2 inhibits the activity of the histone-modifying enzymes SUV39H1 and HDAC3 [9, 10], thus playing an important role in chromatin structure regulation." SIGNOR-267664 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TPT1 protein P13693 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser46 TEGNIDDsLIGGNAS 9606 12167714 t lperfetto "Plk phosphorylates tctp on two serine residues. These results suggest that phosphorylation decreases the microtubule-stabilizing activity of tctp and promotes the increase in microtubule dynamics that occurs after metaphase" SIGNOR-91344 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR ERO1A protein Q96HE7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 27855403 t miannu "Ero1L is a ubiquitination substrate of FBXO6. FBXO6 mediates the degradation of Ero1L through a ubiquitylation-dependent pathway. Overexpression of FBXO6 increased the polyubiquitination and decreased the stability of Ero1L, whereas inhibition of FBXO6 prolonged the half-life of Ero1L. FBXO6 is the substrate recognition component of a Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin E3 ligase complex" SIGNOR-272332 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT HAMP protein P81172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001950 18671304 f miannu "HCV-induced ROS stabilized the expression of two negative hepcidin regulators, HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha, and its expression was decreased by a HDAC inhibitor or an anti-oxidant. HCV-induced ROS also caused hypoacetylation of histones and inhibited binding of two positive regulators, C/EBPalpha and STAT3, to the hepcidin promoter, whereas anti-oxidant treatment of cells recovered C/EBPalpha and STAT3 binding to the hepcidin promoter." SIGNOR-253770 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266509 PPP3R1 protein P63098 UNIPROT Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14623295 t miannu "Calcineurin is a heterodimer consisting of a catalytic subunit with a molecular mass of about 59 kDa (calcienurin A or CNA) and a regulatory subunit with a molecular mass of 19 kDa (calcineurin B or CNB)." SIGNOR-255289 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12091906 t apalma "We have identified the p14(ARF) tumor suppressor, a mediator of the p53 oncogene checkpoint, as a direct transcriptional target of AML1 ETO." SIGNOR-255677 POLR2E protein P19388 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266167 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GPKOW protein Q92917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser27 SFGFTRTsARRRLAD -1 21880142 t miannu "PKA phosphorylates GPKOW at S27 and T316 in vitro. GPKOWs ability to bind RNA is sensitive to mutations of its PKA phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-266309 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CBS protein P35520 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12427542 f miannu "We previously described essential transactivating roles for specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), and USF-1 in the regulation of the CBS-1b promoter." SIGNOR-254812 KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 7227 BTO:0000782 20231316 t lperfetto "In this study, we show that the histone demethylase kdm5a associated with rbp-j protein and is essential for notch/rbp-j target gene silencing in vitro." SIGNOR-219250 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser400 SRDESTDsGLSMSSY 9606 phosphorylation:Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 24715453 t milica "LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved serine in this region (Ser311 in human TAZ; Ser397 in human YAP) primes for further phosphorylation by CK1_/_ kinases (Ser314 on human TAZ; Ser400/403 in human YAP)" SIGNOR-230738 IMPDH1 protein P20839 UNIPROT "5'-xanthylic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15652 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19480389 t miannu "IMPDH controls the gateway to guanine nucleotides, making it an ‚Äúenzyme of consequence‚Äù for virtually every organism. The IMPDH-catalyzed conversion of IMP to XMP is the first committed and rate-limiting step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. XMP is subsequently converted to GMP by the action of GMP synthetase (GMPS)." SIGNOR-267332 HOXB7 protein P09629 UNIPROT FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 8756643 t Luana "Band shift and cotransfection experiments showed that HOXB7 directly transactivates the hFGF gene through one out of five putative homeodomain binding sites present in its promoter." SIGNOR-261639 STAG1 protein Q8WVM7 UNIPROT "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1‚ÄìInt14 (Integrator subunits)¬†" SIGNOR-267729 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR IL1A protein P01583 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9767234 f miannu "UVB can stimulate the synthesis of IL-1, TNF-a and ET-1, and other cytokines by keratinocytes." SIGNOR-252384 "Dynorphin A" smallmolecule CHEBI:4727 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258794 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB5 protein P18084 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257629 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr30 NQSSGYRyGTDPTPQ -1 9425276 t "Activated Fyn furthermore undergoes autophosphorylation on Tyr30, Tyr39 and Tyr420. Tyr28 This site is also a Fyn autophosphorylation site When Fyn mutants with Tyr28, Tyr30 or Tyr39 replaced with phenylalanine residues were transfected into NIH3T3 cells a decreased activation after PDGF stimulation was seen, suggesting a functional importance of the N-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of Fyn." SIGNOR-251165 TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 32142651 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. The Cellular Serine Protease TMPRSS2 Primes SARS-2- S for Entry, and a Serine Protease Inhibitor Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Lung Cells" SIGNOR-260736 FURIN protein P09958 UNIPROT S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0002750 32362314 t Luana "Here, we report that the cellular protease furin cleaves the spike protein at the S1/S2 site and that cleavage is essential for S-protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and entry into human lung cells." SIGNOR-262305 FURIN protein P09958 UNIPROT S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0002750 32362314 t Luana "Here, we report that the cellular protease furin cleaves the spike protein at the S1/S2 site and that cleavage is essential for S-protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and entry into human lung cells." SIGNOR-262303 TMPRSS4 protein Q9NRS4 UNIPROT S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 32404436 t Luana "TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 serine proteases mediate this process by inducing cleavage of the S protein and enhancing membrane fusion." SIGNOR-262304 TMPRSS4 protein Q9NRS4 UNIPROT S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 32404436 t Luana "TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 serine proteases mediate this process by inducing cleavage of the S protein and enhancing membrane fusion." SIGNOR-262306 PDGFA protein P04085 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252286 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT Angiotensin-1 protein P01019-PRO_0000032457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage His42 RVYIHPFhLVIHNES -1 11815627 t miannu "The ACE2 hydrolytic activity is dependent on the C terminus sequence of the substrate, which is evident from the data with the angiotensin peptides. After 2 h, ACE2 hydrolyzes Ang I partially and Ang II completely, although there is no hydrolysis of angiotensin 1–9, angiotensin 1–7, and angiotensin 1–5, which possess the same N terminus." SIGNOR-260221 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 ETRICKIyDSPCLPE 9534 BTO:0000298 10212258 t gcesareni "Mutation of Rad51 Tyr315, but not Tyr205, Tyr191, or Tyr54 to phenylalanine abolished Rad51 tyrosine phosphorylation by c-Abl (Fig. 3 b). These results strongly suggest that c-Abl phosphorylates Rad51 Tyr315 in vivo" SIGNOR-247594 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 27460707 t "P35637:p.Pro525Leu (mutation causing interaction)" "We found that ALS mutants of FUS co-localized with Caprin-1, DDX3X, and DHX9 in cytoplasmic inclusions that could lead to the mis-regulation of their respective pathways, providing further clues to the mechanism of ALS pathogenesis.|FUS interacting proteins were sequestered into the cytoplasmic mutant FUS inclusions that could lead to their mis-regulation or loss of function, contributing to ALS pathogenesis. | We also demonstrated the co-localization of DHX9, DDX3X and Caprin-1 with cytoplasmic EGFP-P525L mutant FUS inclusions in primary cortical neurons" SIGNOR-262811 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1011 DVFPCSVyVPDEWEV -1 3166375 t lperfetto "This approach revealed that insulin stimulates autophosphorylation of the insulin-receptor beta-subunit in vitro on at least seven tyrosine residues distributed among three distinct domainsAt least two further tyrosine residues appeared to be phosphorylated after those in domains 2 and 3. These residues probably residue within a domain lying in close proximity to the inner face of the plasma membrane containing tyrosines 953, 960 and 972" SIGNOR-233564 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1023 DLVDAEEyLVPQQGF 9606 1706616 t "Y1023 and Y1248, Y1139 and Y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of HER2." SIGNOR-251129 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT STAMBP protein O95630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser247 GALSNSEsIPTIDGL 9534 BTO:0000298 11483516 t llicata "BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads." SIGNOR-250599 SUZ12/EZH2 complex SIGNOR-C77 SIGNOR SUZ12/EZH2/YY1 complex SIGNOR-C102 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0002314 20887952 t lperfetto "TNF-activated p38a kinase promotes the interaction between YY1 and PRC2, via threonine 372 phosphorylation of EZH2, the enzy- matic subunit of the complex, leading to the for- mation of repressive chromatin on Pax7 promoter." SIGNOR-235577 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PLEKHG2 protein Q9H7P9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr489 SEPVKDPyVMFPQNA 9606 BTO:0000007 24378532 t miannu "Through deletion and base substitution mutagenesis we have identified Tyr489 of PLEKHG2 as the site phosphorylated by cSrc.Furthermore, PLEKHG2 is tyrosine phosphorylated at Tyr489 by ephrinB2 receptor signaling via cSrc. Investigation of the physiological function of tyrosine phosphorylation at Tyr489 in PLEKHG2 remains a subject for future studies." SIGNOR-273537 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser43 PAMLHLPsEQGAPET 9606 SIGNOR-C14 17977820 t lperfetto "In this study we analyze the ikkbeta-mediated phosphorylation of the ikk-binding domain of nemo. In vitro, ikkbeta phosphorylates three serine residues in the domain of nemo at positions 43, 68, and 85. However, mutational analysis revealed that only the phosphorylation of serine 68 in the center of the ikk-binding domain plays an essential role for the formation and the function of the ikk complex. Thus, ser(68) phosphorylation attenuates the amino-terminal dimerization of nemo as well as the ikkbeta-nemo interaction. I" SIGNOR-216403 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181;BTO:0005493 11389444 t lperfetto "Tgf-beta also induces the association of smurf2 with the transcriptional co-repressor snon and we show that smad2 can function to mediate this interaction. This allows smurf2 hect domain to target snon for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-236090 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1738 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120116 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 21295084 t amattioni "Triggering of the DISC leads to caspase-8 activation. Active caspase-8 cleaves caspase-3 which, in type I cells, leads to cell death induction." SIGNOR-171767 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A1 protein Q13621 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "We have shown that with-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) possesses several properties that suggest it could be the Cl−/volume-sensitive regulatory kinase that, in association with protein phosphatases, reciprocally modifies the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of the SLC12 proteins and thus their activities|WNK3 activates NKCC1/2 and NCC and inhibits the KCCs" SIGNOR-264626 pipamperone chemical CHEBI:78549 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258571 CPT1C protein Q8TCG5 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267134 SFXN1 protein Q9H9B4 UNIPROT L-serine chemical CHEBI:17115 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30442778 t lperfetto "SFXN1 is a mitochondrial serine transporter required for one-carbon metabolism." SIGNOR-268245 LMAN2 protein Q12907 UNIPROT SERPINA1 protein P01009 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 20477988 t miannu "Identification of α1‐antitrypsin as interaction partner of VIP36. The complex formed by VIP36 and alpha1-AT in the Golgi recycled back to the ER. The combined data are most consistent with a function of VIP36 in post-ER quality control of alpha1-AT. We propose that VIP36 acts in post‐ER quality control in the Golgi by binding incompletely folded α1‐AT, which inadvertently escaped ER quality control, and by recycling it back to the ER for an additional round of quality control." SIGNOR-261356 Z-RNA stimulus SIGNOR-ST29 SIGNOR ZBP1 protein Q9H171 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 32200799 t gianni "Here, we show that replicating IAV generates Z-RNAs, which activate ZBP1 in the nucleus of infected cells. ZBP1 then initiates RIPK3-mediated MLKL activation in the nucleus, resulting in nuclear envelope disruption, leakage of DNA into the cytosol, and eventual necroptosis." SIGNOR-266432 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr86 AASASPYtPEHAASV 9606 SIGNOR-C16 12676926 t gcesareni "Cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate p73 at threonine 86 in a cell cycle-dependent manner and negatively regulate p73.Furthermore, cyclin a/cdk1/2, cyclin b/cdk1/2, and cyclin e/cdk2 complexes can phosphorylate multiple p73 isoforms in vitro at threonine 86." SIGNOR-99746 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT RASGRP3 protein Q8IV61 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002815 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253808 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT PCP2 protein Q8IVA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001011 19381306 t miannu "RORα regulates the expression of several genes in Purkinje cells. RORα becomes highly expressed in postmitotic Purkinje cells. It regulates their maturation, particularly dendritic differentiation. Dendritogenesis and the expression of several genes, including Shh, Itpr1, Pcp4, Calb1, Pcp2, and Slc1a6, normally expressed in mature Purkinje cells, are inhibited in RORα-deficient mice." SIGNOR-266849 Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 2351695 t lperfetto "In combination, the anti-alpha 1- and anti-alpha 6-specific antibodies completely inhibited JAR cell attachment to LN and fragment E1. Thus, the alpha 1/beta 1 and alpha 6/beta 1 integrin heterodimers each function as LN receptors and act together to mediate the interactions of human JAR choriocarcinoma cells with LN." SIGNOR-253256 IQSEC2 protein Q5JU85 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0000142 18164504 t miannu "Here, we characterized IQ-ArfGEF/BRAG1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Arf6, in the mouse brain. In vivo Arf pull down assay demonstrated that IQ-ArfGEF/BRAG1 activated Arf6 more potently than Arf1.IQ-ArfGEF/BRAG1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf6 that interacts with PSD-95 at postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Taken together, IQ-ArfGEF/BRAG1 forms a postsynaptic protein complex containing PSD-95 and NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses, where it may function as a GEF for Arf6." SIGNOR-264907 SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT CACNA1H protein O95180 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 30736831 t miannu "This study describes the functional interaction between Cav3.2 calcium channels and the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC). β- and γ-ENaC subunits could be co-immunoprecipitated with Cav3.2 calcium channels from brain lysates, dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Αβγ-ENaC channels enhanced Cav3.2 calcium channel trafficking to the plasma membrane in tsA-201 cells. This effect was reciprocal such that Cav3.2 channel expression also enhanced β-ENaC trafficking to the cell surface. these findings reveal ENaC as an interactor and potential regulator of Cav3.2 calcium channels expressed in neuronal tissues." SIGNOR-269272 cetuximab antibody DB00002 DRUGBANK EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001615 16336752 t miannu "Cetuximab binds to domain III of EGFR and hinders ligand binding. It is now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for metastatic colorectal cancer treatment." SIGNOR-259890 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser213 QNIPAHYsPRTSPIM 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252329 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT DNAH10 protein Q8IVF4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 31836722 f miannu "The protein expression of DNAH10 was assessed by Western blot analysis after stimulation of primary keratinocytes (P4) with inflammatory cytokine TNFα or growth factor TGF-β1 and their combination (Fig. 5C). Treatment with TNFα, TGF-β1, and their combination down regulated the expression of DNAH10 in keratinocytes after a 24-h-stimulation." SIGNOR-265552 carbachol chemical CHEBI:3385 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258619 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT SECISBP2L protein Q93073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Thr573 IAKLKRPtALKKVIL 9606 BTO:0000007 31314582 t miannu "To explore the underlying mechanisms, we found that SLAN, a potential tumor suppressor, served as a substrate of Aurora-A and knockdown of SLAN induced immature cytokinesis. Aurora-A phosphorylates SLAN at T573 under the help of the scaffold protein 14-3-3η. Intriguingly, SLAN T573D or T573E inactivated and T573A activated the key cytokinesis regulator RhoA." SIGNOR-273547 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser199 PRPEHTKsVYTRSVI 9534 9032240 t miannu "Cdc42 and Rac1 cause alpha-PAK autophosphorylation and kinase activation." SIGNOR-250216 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18498746 t lperfetto "Bim can induce apoptosis by interacting with anti-apoptotic members of the bcl2 family, including bcl2, bcl-xl and mcl-1.Bim binds bcl-2, bcl2l1, bcl2l2, mcl1 and a1 tightly." SIGNOR-178679 N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-[3-[2-[5-ethyl-2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylsulfonyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]-2-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl]-2-methoxybenzamide chemical CHEBI:91401 ChEBI IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192880 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22492984 t lperfetto "Bim, and puma bind with high affinity to all pro-survival proteins" SIGNOR-196935 VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 t lperfetto "Many studies have contributed to shed light on the importance of von Willebrand factor (VWF) interaction with its platelet receptors, glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V and αIIbβ3 integrin, in promoting primary platelet adhesion and aggregation following vessel injury" SIGNOR-261854 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RRM2 protein P31350 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser20 DPQQLQLsPLKGLSL 9606 9990288 t llicata "Ribonucleotide reductase r2 protein is phosphorylated at serine-20 by p34cdc2 kinase. comparison of ribonucleotide reductase activities between wild type and mutated forms of the r2 proteins suggested that mutation at serine-20 did not significantly affect enzyme activity." SIGNOR-64312 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SYN3 protein O14994 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser470 PQGQQPLsPQSGSPQ 9606 14732590 t lperfetto "A rare, missense polymorphism, s470n, was identified in the synapsin iii gene and appeared more frequently in individuals with schizophrenia than in controls. Ser470, was determined to be a substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase, a downstream effector of neurotrophin action." SIGNOR-121402 ACSS2 protein Q9NR19 UNIPROT acetate smallmolecule CHEBI:30089 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271827 tibolone chemical CHEBI:32223 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19464167 t Luana "In this study, we have assessed the potential hormonal profile of tibolone and its primary metabolites on all human steroid receptors (PR, AR, GR, MR, ERα and ERβ) using HeLa or PC3 cells stably transfected with a given receptor and a luciferase reporter gene. We show that tibolone and its ∆ 4 -isomer predominantly bind and activate PR and AR whereas 3α and 3β-OH-tibolone predominantly bind and activate ERα (Table 1)." SIGNOR-257821 HSD3B1 protein P14060 UNIPROT androst-4-ene-3,17-dione smallmolecule CHEBI:16422 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000056 2139411 t lperfetto "The isolation, cloning, and expression of a cDNA insert complementary to mRNA encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase is reported. |The expressed protein was similar in size to human placental microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase, as detected by immunoblot analysis, and catalyzed the conversion of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone to progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione." SIGNOR-268638 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC15 protein Q99877 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271993 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 24482235 t flangone "The interaction of Beta-catenin with Tcf is important for Beta-catenin s's function in iPSCs induction. In addition, Beta-catenin interacts with Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4, respectively. In the reprogramming process, Beta-catenin further enhances expression of pluripotency-related genes." SIGNOR-242100 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT NDC80 protein O14777 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser165 LGYPFALsKSSMYTV 9606 12386167 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the mitotic regulator protein hec1 by nek2 kinase is essential for faithful chromosome segregation.Hec1 (highly expressed in cancer) plays essential roles in chromosome segregation by interacting through its coiled-coil domains with several proteins that modulate the g(2)/m phase.Nek2 phosphorylates hec1 on serine residue 165, both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-94322 KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys28 LATKAARkSAPATGG 9606 24561908 t "This tri-methylation is associated with the downregulation of nearby genes via the formation of heterochromatic regions." miannu "Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratricopeptide Repeat on chromosome X (UTX) and Jumonji D3 (JMJD3) as novel histone demethylases that catalyze the removal of di- and trimethyl groups on histone H3 lysine 27, thereby promoting target gene activation." SIGNOR-260018 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253176 ASB4 protein Q9Y574 UNIPROT ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001975 24586788 t miannu "Using JAR placental cells, we determined that ASB4 ubiquitinates and represses ID2 expression in a proteasome-dependent fashion. " SIGNOR-272053 NOD1 protein Q9Y239 UNIPROT Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 19898471 f miannu "Autophagy is emerging as a crucial defense mechanism against bacteria, but the host intracellular sensors responsible for inducing autophagy in response to bacterial infection remain unknown. Here we demonstrated that the intracellular sensors Nod1 and Nod2 are critical for the autophagic response to invasive bacteria." SIGNOR-252404 (S)-N-Hydroxy-4-(3-methyl-2-phenylbutanamido)benzamide chemical CID:6918848 PUBCHEM HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 31908417 t miannu "The present study aimed to detect HDAC1 expression in and around ESCC tissues and comprehensively assess the anti-ESCC effects of AR-42, a phenylbutyrate-derived pan-HDAC inhibitor with low nanomolar IC50s against HDACs including HDAC1. AR-42 developed by Chen et al is an orally bioavailable hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate derivative with strong inhibitory activity against class I (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) and class IIb (HDAC 6 and 10) HDACs." SIGNOR-262250 BAG3 protein O95817 UNIPROT HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 27474740 t lperfetto "Heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) regulates protein homeostasis through its reversible interactions with client proteins. Hsc70 has two major domains: a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), that hydrolyzes ATP, and a substrate-binding domain (SBD), where clients are bound. Members of the BAG family of co-chaperones, including Bag1 and Bag3, are known to accelerate release of both ADP and client from Hsc70." SIGNOR-254116 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15498859 t "Pim-1 is a proto-oncogene and is known to be up-regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), which itself is a downstream target of FLT3 signaling. constitutively activated FLT3 signaling up-regulates Pim-1 expression in leukemia cells." SIGNOR-261517 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr431 ASTLDEAtPTLTNQS 9606 19393267 t lperfetto "Egfr-mediated phosphorylation of tab1 was completely inhibited by a chemical inhibitor and sirna of p38alpha. The phosphorylation of tab1 was occurred at ser-423 and thr-431, the residues underlying the p38-mediated feedback inhibition of tak1." SIGNOR-185584 ITGA5 protein P08648 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253177 NIPBL protein Q6KC79 UNIPROT "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 28914604 t miannu "Scc2 (Nipbl) stimulates cohesin’s ABC-like ATPase and is essential for loading cohesin onto chromosomes. However, it is possible that the stimulation of cohesin’s ATPase by Scc2 also has a post-loading function, for example driving loop extrusion. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and single-molecule tracking in human cells, we show that Scc2 binds dynamically to chromatin, principally through an association with cohesin." SIGNOR-264522 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr472 EPIQEANyVPMTPGT 10090 10978177 t "HGab-1 was phosphorylated by IR at eight tyrosine residues (Y242, Y285, Y373, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). t Gab-1 is the major binding partner of PI-3 kinase in 3T3L1 cells when stimulated with insulin" SIGNOR-251314 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser385 RRRKKRTsIETNIRV 9606 9368058 t lperfetto "Mitosis-specific phosphorylation site in the homeodomain of oct-1 was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase a. Pka-mediated phosphorylation event was identified in the cns-specific pou domain protein brn-2/n-oct-3/pou3f2 (nieto et al. 2007). In this case, the modification, at a position homologous to oct1 s385, was found to alter binding specificity for complex dimeric sites." SIGNOR-53254 GPR183 protein P32249 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256994 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT IL1RN protein P18510 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20032313 f miannu "The interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an important negative regulator of the inflammatory response, whose genetic deficiency has been recently shown to cause a severe autoinflammatory syndrome in humans. In this study we characterized the molecular mechanisms whereby interleukin 10 (IL-10) potentiates IL-1ra transcription in LPS-stimulated monocytes and neutrophils." SIGNOR-254793 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000848 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-236077 "2-N,6-N-Bis(2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl)-L-serine amide" chemical CHEBI:1219 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7576010 t miannu "D3 receptors have been reported, however, to have affinities nearly 100-fold higher than those of D2 receptors for some agonists, including (+/-)-7-hydroxy-n,n-dipropyl-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) and quinpirole." SIGNOR-258437 Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28347630 f miannu "Microtubules are essential for the generation, migration and differentiation of neurons. Within dendrites microtubules have also been implicated in the formation and plasticity of spines. For instance, the treatment of hippocampal neurons with low doses of the microtubule destabilizing drug Nocodazole impairs BDNF induced dendritic spine formation" SIGNOR-266829 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser163 KRFSFKKsFKLSGFS -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III." SIGNOR-248927 4-[[5-amino-1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)-oxomethyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:94506 ChEBI CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193540 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT ATP6V0E1 protein O15342 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253801 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT CYP7A1 protein P22680 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255057 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT MAD2L1BP protein Q15013 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser102 KHFYRKPsPQAEEML 9606 BTO:0000567 31118282 t miannu "Purified Plk1 bound to p31comet and phosphorylated it, resulting in the suppression of its activity (with TRIP13) to disassemble checkpoint complexes. We conclude that Plk1 phosphorylates p31 on S102 and on five additional sites. The phosphorylation of the additional sites was possibly not detectable in HeLa cell extracts due to the opposing action of protein phosphatases." SIGNOR-265970 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT PON1 protein P27169 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20728021 t miannu "we conclude that quercetin exhibits its antiatherogenic property by eliciting the translocation of the mature SREBP2 from endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, where it binds to SRE-like sequence in the PON1 promoter and up-regulates PON1 gene transcription and PON1 activity." SIGNOR-255224 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT SLC4A1 protein P02730 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr359 AKPDSSFyKGLDLNG -1 10942405 t "Lyn phosphorylates Y904 and Y359 of band 3. The primary phosphorylation of band 3 catalyzed by p72syk generates the SH2 binding motifs that are a prerequisite for the following recruitment of Lyn. p72syk as the most likely candidate to perform this task and indicates Y8 and Y21. Syk and Lyn phosphorylate band 3 at both cytosolic and membrane domains, Y-phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is likely involved in the regulation of several erythrocyte functions (ie, glycolysis, cell shape, cytoskeleton movements, and anion transport." SIGNOR-251412 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11737269 t lpetrilli "Smad6 interacts with tak1 and tab1, and smad7 with tab1. The interaction of i-smads with tak1 and/or tab1 implies that several mechanisms exist underlying the repression of the tak1-p38 kinase pathway by i-smads." SIGNOR-112645 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser343 TTPGPSLsQGVSVDE 9606 17526493 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that mrn and atr/atr-interacting protein (trip) interact with each other, and the forkhead-associated/breast cancer c-terminal domains (fha/brct) of nbs1 play a significant role in mediating this interaction. Mutations in the fha/brct domains do not prevent atr activation but specifically impair atr-mediated nbs1 phosphorylation at ser-343, which results in a defect in the s-phase checkpoint." SIGNOR-155214 LTBR protein P36941 UNIPROT B_cell_maturation phenotype SIGNOR-PH15 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17633025 f lperfetto "The lymphotoxin-beta receptor (ltbetar, tnfrsf3) signaling pathway activates gene transcription programs and cell death important in immune development and host defense." SIGNOR-156899 N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:17311 ChEBI 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:15786 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11431483 t miannu "Epsilon-N-Trimethyllysine hydroxylase (EC ) is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of l-carnitine and catalyzes the formation of beta-hydroxy-N-epsilon-trimethyllysine from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine, a reaction dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe(2+), and oxygen." SIGNOR-269685 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT FHL2 protein Q14192 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 11847121 t gcesareni "Here, we show that stimulation of the rho pathway induces translocation of the transcriptional lim-only coactivator fhl2 to the nucleus and subsequent activation of fhl2- and androgen receptor-dependent genes." SIGNOR-114071 C1QBP protein Q07021 UNIPROT KRT1 protein P04264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14691569 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "Cytokeratin 1 binds to both gC1qR and u-PAR. Our data suggest that formation of HK (and Factor XII) binding sites along endothelial cell membranes consists of bimolecular com-plexes of gC1qR-cytokeratin 1 and u-PAR-cytokeratin 1, with gC1qR binding being favored." SIGNOR-251881 EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT 48S_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C454 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269165 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271540 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11085989 t miannu "Because the long leptin receptor lacking tyrosine 985 exhibits a significantly reduced ability to activate ERK phosphorylation, this residue is at least in part mediating stimulation of the ERK pathway by ObRb. This residue binds SHP-2 and is required for tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2" SIGNOR-263506 ketanserin chemical CHEBI:6123 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258685 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CRMP1 protein Q14194 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr509 PVYEVPAtPKYATPA 9606 BTO:0000938 16611631 t lperfetto "In summary, phosphorylation of thr509 of human crmp1 appears to be regulated by two mechanisms; direct phosphorylation by cdk5, or by priming of ser522 by cdk5 followed by sequential phosphorylation of ser518, thr514, and thr509 by gsk3." SIGNOR-145912 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser327 SEEDEMDsGTMVRAV 9534 12223493 t lperfetto "Mapping of MST1 kinase sites of phosphorylation. Activation and autophosphorylationwas also highly autophosphorylated at the newly identified Thr(177) and Thr(387) residues" SIGNOR-247569 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 11062067 t lperfetto "Here we report that MKK4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (Tyr-185), and MKK7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (Thr-183) in three SAPK1/JNK1 isoforms tested (JNK1 alpha 1, JNK2 alpha 2 and JNK3 alpha 1)." SIGNOR-83725 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 10090 23644383 t milica "Here, we show that cyclic amp (camp)-dependent protein kinase (pka) phosphorylates lats and thereby enhances its activity sufficiently to phosphorylate yap on ser381." SIGNOR-236991 ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 18519638 t "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Gly86Arg (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Ala5Val (mutation causing interaction)" "Activated IRE1 has been demonstrated to recruit TRAF2 and ASK1 on the ER membrane and thus to activate ASK1|ASK1 was found to associate with IRE1 only in the presence of TRAF2 and SOD1mut (Fig. 4B), suggesting that SOD1mut induces formation of an IRE1–TRAF2–ASK1 complex on the ER membrane and thus activates ASK1 by triggering ER stress-induced IRE1 activation." SIGNOR-262790 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT IRF9 protein Q00978 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys81 TGGPAVWkTRLRCAL 9606 BTO:0000007 17923090 t lperfetto "CBP was also the most effective one among the acetyltransferases tested for catalyzing IRF9 acetylation in 293T cells. [²] Figure 5 (F) K81 acetylation is required for IRF9 dimerization between the N-terminal 1-118 and the C-terminal 340-393 regions. In the left panel, Myc-DBD (1- 118) of IRF9 was cotransfected with 118-393, 118-339, or 1-393 (FL) of IRF9 in 293T cells. Anti-IRF9 (C-terminal region) precipitates were analyzed with anti-Myc or anti-IRF9. Anti-IRF9 precipitates, prepared from 293T cells cotransfected with the C-terminal fragment 118-393 of IRF9 and Myctagged DBD of different forms, were analyzed with anti-Myc or anti-IRF9 (right panel)." SIGNOR-217787 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264926 NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser944 GQQVGMHsKGTQTAK 9606 21454704 t lperfetto "We find that the interaction of lc8 with nek9 depends on a (k/r)xtqt motif adjacent to the nek9 c-terminal coiled coil motif, results in nek9 multimerization, and increases the rate of nek9 autoactivation. Lc8 binding to nek9 is regulated by nek9 activity through the autophosphorylation of ser(944), a residue immediately n-terminal to the (k/r)xtqt motif." SIGNOR-173026 ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 14973189 f lperfetto "ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) are 20-kDa GTPases of the ras superfamily that regulate vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. There are three classes of ARFs: class I (ARF1–3), which function in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking; the much less studied class II (ARF4–5); and class III (ARF6), with significant roles in endocytotic pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics near the cell surface" SIGNOR-272154 TMED5 protein Q9Y3A6 UNIPROT TMED10 protein P49755 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19948005 t Sara "P28 forms hetero-oligomeric complexes with p23. p23 is a major determinant for efficient targeting of p28 to the ERGIC" SIGNOR-261298 SAG protein P10523 UNIPROT CUL5 protein Q93034 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25216516 t miannu "Here we report that NEDD4-1, a HECT domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, binds via its HECT domain directly with SAG's C-terminal RING domain and ubiquitylates SAG for proteasome-mediated. We also found that SAG bridges NEDD4-1 via its C-terminus and CUL-5 via its N-terminus to form a NEDD4-1/SAG/CUL-5 tri-complex. Biologically, NEDD4-1 overexpression sensitizes cancer cells to etoposide-induced apoptosis by reducing SAG levels through targeted degradation. Thus, SAG is added to a growing list of NEDD4-1 substrates and mediates its biological function. degradation. " SIGNOR-272844 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates jnk" SIGNOR-79489 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser641 GKVYGKTsHLRAHLR 9606 16943418 t gcesareni "The hdac inhibitor tsa-induced cell-specific phosphatase release from the promoter, which serves as an 'on' mechanism for sp1 phosphorylation by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase czeta (pi3k/pkczeta) at ser641, leading to p107 repressor derecruitment and lhr transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-149287 CHMP2A protein O43633 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265532 IRAK3 protein Q9Y616 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000801 12150927 f "IRAK-M(-/-) cells exhibited increased cytokine production upon TLR/IL-1 stimulation and bacterial challenge, and IRAK-M(-/-) mice showed increased inflammatory responses to bacterial infection." SIGNOR-259288 BGJ-398 chemical CHEBI:63451 ChEBI FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190272 COL21A1 protein Q96P44 UNIPROT DDR2 protein Q16832 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001282 17318226 t lperfetto "The Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs) constitute a unique set of receptor tyrosine kinases that signal in response to collagen.|Consistent with this view128, we showed that ectopic expression of DDR1b or DDR2 in HT1080 cells elicited a potent growth inhibitory effect only when the cells were cultured on 2D or 3D COL1 matrices, in agreement with previous studies in melanoma48, breast cancer76,78, and lung cancer cells74,75. " SIGNOR-272343 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser645 LNEKARLsYSDKNLI 9606 11959144 t "PP2A(c) displayed the highest specific activity towards PKCdelta. The role of PP2A(c) in the dephosphorylation of PKCdelta in cells was supported by the demonstration that these proteins could be co-immunoprecipitated from NIH3T3 cells.|In conclusion, the evidence here indicates that PKCdelta de-phosphorylation and hence inactivation is effected by PP2A with which it forms a complex" SIGNOR-248638 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser511 RREERSLsAPGNLLT 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 15209507 t lperfetto "Dapk phosphorylates camkk. S511 was identified as the phosphorylation site . a potential mechanism of action was identified on the basis of the location of s511 near the cam recognition domain of camkk and demonstrated by attenuation of cam-stimulated camkk autophosphorylation after dapk phosphorylation." SIGNOR-126241 CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 11058599 t amattioni "Caspase-7 cleaves parp;redundancy exists between the caspase-3 and -7 at the level of parp proteolysis." SIGNOR-83703 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser285 VDAQGTLsKIFKLGG -1 2413024 t lperfetto "MBP was phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or C | Subsequent amino acid analysis and/or sequential Edman degradation of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence of this protein, revealed that Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161 at various reaction velocities." SIGNOR-248874 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding BTO:0000614 17702843 t lperfetto "Centrally administered melanotan II (MTII), a synthetic melanocortin 3/4-receptor agonist, decreases adiposity beyond that accountable by food intake decreases." SIGNOR-253073 CTSL protein P07711 UNIPROT S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000195 32142651 t miannu "SARS-2-S can use both CatB/L as well as TMPRSS2 for priming in these cell lines." SIGNOR-260737 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257611 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr450 TAQMITItPPDQDDS 10090 BTO:0002572 18566586 t gcesareni "MTORC2 phosphorylates newly synthesized Akt at the TM (Thr450) site to facilitate carboxyl-terminal folding and to stabilize Akt" SIGNOR-252438 SFRP1 protein Q8N474 UNIPROT WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10523516 t gcesareni "Frp inhibits wnt signaling through interactions with wnt and/or formation of nonfunctional complexes with the frizzled receptor. here we demonstrate that frza, a sfrp that is highly expressed in vascular endothelium and a variety of epithelium, specifically binds to wnt-1 protein, but not wnt-5a protein, and modulates wnt-1 signaling." SIGNOR-71423 Wnt proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF40 SIGNOR FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-269960 S protein P59594 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16940539 f miannu "Perturbation of the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes stress leading to the activation of cell signaling pathways known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) uses ER as a site for synthesis and processing of viral proteins. In this report, we demonstrate that infection with SARS-CoV induces the UPR in cultured cells. A comparison with M, E, and NSP6 proteins indicates that SARS-CoV spike (S) protein sufficiently induces transcriptional activation of several UPR effectors, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), GRP94, and C/EBP homologous protein." SIGNOR-260351 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT MME protein P08473 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser6 sQMDITDI 9606 BTO:0003288 8943850 t llicata "Taken together, these data indicate that CD10/NEP is itself phosphorylated by CKII and that CD10/NEP co-associates with additional tyrosine phosphoproteins including lyn." SIGNOR-251078 FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256773 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1253 EGSFESRyQQPFEDF -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249360 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Thr1795 SRSSWRLtSSEMKKS -1 9242537 t lperfetto "Human neutrophil elastase activates human factor V but inactivates thrombin-activated human factor V|NH2-terminal sequence analysis of F.Va treated with HNE indicated cleavage at Ala341, Ile508, and Thr1767 under conditions, which the cofactor became inactivated, as measured by prothrombinase activity." SIGNOR-263634 EPS15 protein P42566 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 24789820 t lperfetto "Early recruitment of FCHo1/2, Eps15, epsin, and intersectin to the rims of assembling coated pits is essential for their stability and further growth" SIGNOR-260713 "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263811 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 EKLFQGYsFVAPSIL 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on Thr-581 and Ser-360 by ERK1/2 or p38, MSK1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: Ser-212, Ser-376, Ser-381, Ser-750, Ser-752 and Ser-758. Of these sites, the N-terminal T-loop residue Ser-212 and the 'hydrophobic motif' Ser-376 are phosphorylated by the C-terminal kinase domain of MSK1, and their phosphorylation is essential for the catalytic activity of the N-terminal kinase domain of MSK1" SIGNOR-249574 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP3 protein O60516 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "While promoting initiation of protein translation through mtor, eukaryoticinitiation factor 4e, and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase." SIGNOR-122035 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 10090 12234980 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "In the present study, chromosome number instability and increased tumor invasiveness were noted in constitutively AIM-1-overexpressing cells in vivo. Increased mitotic Ser-10 phosphorylation was also observed in various colorectal tumor cells with high AIM-1 expression levels. These data suggest that increased H3 histone phosphorylation as a result of AIM-1 overexpression is a major precipitating factor of chromosome instability and, thus, may play a role in carcinogenesis." SIGNOR-118886 CSNK1G2 protein P78368 UNIPROT CERT1 protein Q9Y5P4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser132 SSLRRHGsMVSLVSG 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000975 19005213 t lperfetto "These results indicate that ckigamma2 hyperphosphorylates the serine-repeat motif of cert, thereby inactivating cert and down-regulating the synthesis of sphingomyelin." SIGNOR-182160 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser164 FGHSAAVsPTFMPRS 9606 12050114 t gcesareni "Tob is rapidly phosphorylated at ser 152, ser 154, and ser 164 by erk1 and erk2 upon growth-factor stimulation." SIGNOR-88724 DCAF1 protein Q9Y4B6 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22570418 t miannu "By screening the known DDB1 interacting proteins, we discovered that VprBP is the substrate recognition subunit that targets Mcm10 for degradation. Hence, these results establish that Cul4-DDB1-VprBP ubiquitin ligase mediates the stress-induced proteolysis of replication factor, Mcm10." SIGNOR-272047 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10464286 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-265347 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr198 PGLRRRQt 9606 18593906 t gcesareni "We show, herein, that all the pim family members (pim1, pim2, and pim3) bind to and directly phosphorylate the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) at threonine-157 and threonine-198 residues in cells and in vitro.|Pim kinases promote cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis by down-regulating p27(Kip1) expression at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels." SIGNOR-179300 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1167 ESAPAESsPSKIMSK 9534 BTO:0004055 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-235933 "5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:76223 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22091869 t Luana " Here we report the application of STD-NMR to characterize the binding of the anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen, diclofenac, and ketorolac to COX-1 and COX-2. " SIGNOR-258323 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser103 RGLKRSLsEMEIGMV 10753652 t llicata "Skeletal muscle CaMKII enriches in nuclei and phosphorylates myogenic factor SRF at multiple sites. | Microsequencing of these phosphorylated peptides identified that both Ser-103 and a novel residue, Thr-160 in the MADS box of SRF, were sites of phosphorylation. | The location of Thr-160 in the 3-D structure of SRF suggests that its phosphorylation by nuclear CaMKII may directly influence DNA binding of SRF and other MADS box factors." SIGNOR-250638 "phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37328 ChEBI CADPS2 protein Q86UW7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 24363652 t miannu "CAPS exhibits low affinity but functionally significant interactions with plasma membrane PIP2 via its central PH (pleckstrin homology) domain (82, 111). PIP2 enhanced CAPS stimulation of SNARE-dependent liposome fusion with wild-type but not with mutant PH domain CAPS proteins" SIGNOR-264335 (2S)-2-[[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yloxy)-9-[(4-phenylphenyl)methyl]-6-purinyl]amino]-3-phenyl-1-propanol chemical CHEBI:94469 ChEBI ARFGAP1 protein Q8N6T3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 17460038 t "Through affinity chromatography and subsequent functional assays, we showed that QS11 binds and inhibits the GTPase activating protein of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARFGAP1), suggesting that QS11 modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through an effect on protein trafficking. Consistent with its function as an ARFGAP inhibitor, QS11 inhibits migration of ARFGAP overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-261914 PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000120 12783165 f miannu "In the heterologous cell line BHK-21, Pdx1 inhibited by 60 to 80% the activation of the alpha-cell specific element G1 conferred by Pax-6 and/or Cdx-2/3. Although Pdx1 could bind three AT-rich motifs within G1, two of which are binding sites for Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3, the affinity of Pdx1 for G1 was much lower as compared to Pax-6. In addition, Pdx1 inhibited Pax-6 mediated activation through G3, to which Pdx1 was unable to bind. Moreover, a mutation impairing DNA binding of Pdx1 had no effect on its inhibition on Cdx-2/3. Since Pdx1 interacts directly with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3 forming heterodimers, we suggest that Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene transcription through protein to protein interactions with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3." SIGNOR-254905 FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 3142692 t irozzo "The c-Jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes encode proteins that form a complex which regulates transcription from promoters containing AP-1 activation elements. c-Jun has specific DNA binding activity, while c-Fos has homology to the putative DNA binding domain of c-Jun." SIGNOR-256366 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11909865 t miannu "MT-MC1 is a widely expressed nuclear protein whose overexpression, unlike that of c-Myc targets reported previously, recapitulates multiple c-Myc phenotypes. These include promotion of apoptosis, alteration of morphology, enhancement of anchorage-independent growth, tumorigenic conversion, promotion of genomic instability, and inhibition of hematopoietic differentiation. The MT-MC1 promoter is a direct c-Myc target; it contains two consensus E-box elements, both of which bind c-Myc." SIGNOR-261736 WNT2 protein P09544 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131727 NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "The raf family of proteins (raf-1, a-raf, and b-raf) is serine/threonine kinases that bind to the effector region of ras-gtp, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane. Once there, raf proteins are activated and phosphorylated by different protein kinases." SIGNOR-175216 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr122 LTACQLRtIYICQFL 9606 18347021 t lperfetto "Regulation of telomeric repeat binding factor 1 binding to telomeres by casein kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation. Mapping of the ck2 target site identified threonine 122 as a substrate in trf1. A threonine to alanine change at this position led to a diminished dna binding due to reduced dimerization of trf1." SIGNOR-178034 TGM2 protein P21980 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 16407273 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Tg2 is able to phosphorylate purified histone proteins, and h3 and h1 in chromatin preparations, and it is associated with chromatin in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-143642 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr86 TYSEELCyTLINHRV -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273560 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT KIRREL1 protein Q96J84 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr605 MKDPTNGyYNVRAHE 9606 BTO:0000007 18258597 t miannu "Here we have characterized Neph1, another SD component, as a novel substrate of SFK. Fyn interacts with and phosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of Neph1 in vitro and in intact cells. Both tyrosine 637 and 638 of Neph1 are crucial for Neph1-Grb2 binding." SIGNOR-262745 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000584 17312387 f "In contrast, BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others. In conclusion, BTF3 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it acts as a transcriptional regulator rather than a direct modulator of apoptosis." SIGNOR-253948 chlorphenamine chemical CHEBI:52010 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257786 RASA1 protein P20936 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9219684 t gcesareni "The three-dimensional structure of the complex between human h-ras bound to guanosine diphosphate and the guanosine triphosphatase (gtpase)-activating domain of the human gtpase-activating protein p120gap (gap-334) in the presence of aluminum fluoride was solved at a resolution of 2.5 angstroms." SIGNOR-49477 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21799911 t "We show that RNF146, tankyrase, and Axin form a protein complex, and that RNF146 mediates ubiquitylation of all three proteins to target them for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-260004 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15367216 t "The TCR, IL-2R, and TbetaR must all be stimulated to induce Foxp3 + Tregs. Failure to engage any one of these receptors prevents the generation of Foxp3 + Tregs" SIGNOR-254363 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR MLLT3 protein P42568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 14603337 t irozzo "The AF4–AF9 interaction is maintained by the MLL–AF4 fusion protein, and expression of the MLL–AF4 fusion can alter the subnuclear localization of AF9. This fusion does, however, contain the AF9 interaction domain we have identified. These findings imply that the interaction that we have characterized plays an important role in MLL leukemogenesis. Furthermore, we show that MLL–AF4 does interact with AF9 and has the ability to misdirect AF9 expression from the AF4 body to alternative foci within the nucleolus." SIGNOR-255857 PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20160912 t miannu "The human (h) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (hPDC) consists of multiple copies of several components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), E3-binding protein (BP), and specific kinases and phosphatases. Mammalian PDC has a well organized structure with an icosahedral symmetry of the central E2/BP core to which the other component proteins bind non-covalently." SIGNOR-266544 PAX3-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP12 SIGNOR PDGFA protein P04085 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t miannu "Several deregulated signalling pathways enhance cell growth by modulating cell-cycle regulatory factors in RMS. The most frequently affected signalling pathways include the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In ARMS, PAX-FOXO1 activates these pathways by transcriptional activation of receptor genes including IGFR1, FGFR4, MET (c-Met), and PDGFRA." SIGNOR-251571 SOAT1 protein P35610 UNIPROT "cholesteryl ester" smallmolecule CHEBI:17002 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31848472 t miannu "Excess cholesterol is esterified by acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; also known as SOAT) to cholesteryl esters" SIGNOR-265160 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser551 ELQAPVRsPITRSFA 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249461 EXOSC7 protein Q15024 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261386 LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr161;Tyr200 DDYHNPGyLVVLPDS;SMESIDDyVNVPESG 11368773 t lperfetto "By substituting these tyrosine residues in LAT with phenylalanine and by utilizing phosphorylated peptides derived from these sites, we mapped the tyrosine residues in LAT required for the direct interaction and activation of Vav, p85/p110alpha and phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1). Our results indicate that Tyr(226) and Tyr(191) are required for Vav binding, whereas Tyr(171) and Tyr(132) are necessary for association and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and PLCgamma1 respectively." SIGNOR-246065 CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000975 27702664 t lperfetto "The cytochrome P450 aromatase is involved in the last step of sex hormones biosynthesis by converting androgens into estrogens. |Human aromatase (CYP19A1) is a membrane-bound class II cytochrome P450 that converts androgens into estrogens [1], [2], [3], [4]. Specifically, the enzyme is involved sex hormones biosynthesis where it is responsible for the conversion of androstenedione, testosterone and 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone into estrone, estradiol and estriol, respectively" SIGNOR-268669 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SCAMP3 protein O14828 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr41 QYATLDVyNPFETRE -1 9658162 t llicata "SCAMP3 Is Tyrosine Phosphorylated by EGFR in Vitro" SIGNOR-251096 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10733900 t amattioni "Crk could bind to both pdgf alpha- and beta-receptors in vivo." SIGNOR-75881 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR ECT2 protein Q9H8V3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 VSMLSLNtPNSNRKR 9606 16170345 t lperfetto "We show that phosphorylation of ect2 at threonine-341 (t341) affects the autoregulatory mechanism of ect2. In g2/m phase, ect2 was phosphorylated at t341 most likely by cyclin b/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1) ect2 is biologically active even when it is not phosphorylated at t341" SIGNOR-216864 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FYB1 protein O15117 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr651 LDMGDEVyDDVDTSD 9606 10570256 t " two tyrosines, Tyr595 and Tyr651, of FYB are major sites of phosphorylation by FYN-T and mediate binding to SLP-76 in Jurkat T cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of SLP-76 binding by mutation of these sites markedly reduced the ability of FYN-T-FYB-SLP-76 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription." SIGNOR-251164 ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT SLC9A3R2 protein Q15599 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser303 QESGLHLsPTAAEAK 9606 BTO:0002269 26310448 t miannu "We also identify A-Raf as a kinase necessary for E3KARP phosphorylation at the G2/M stage of the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of Ser-303 regulates the localization, function, and dynamics of E3KARP" SIGNOR-273503 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSSN 10116 11069105 t "AMPK phosphorylates and activates heart PFK-2 in vitro and in intact cells. AMPK-mediated PFK-2 activation is likely to be involved in the stimulation of heart glycolysis during ischaemia." SIGNOR-260011 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT SALL1 protein Q9NSC2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19440552 f miannu "Stem cell factor SALL4 represses the transcriptions of PTEN and SALL1 through an epigenetic repressor complex." SIGNOR-255127 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11689553 t lperfetto "Down-regulation of c-Myc is a critical event for growth inhibition induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and is frequently impaired in cancer cells. We determined a Smad-responsive element in the c-mycpromoter." SIGNOR-251494 DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256981 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1132 TLPHGPRsASVSSIS 9606 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five MAP kinase sites (S-1137, S-1167, S-1178, S-1193, and S-1197) on hSos1.Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-43939 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 SIGNOR-C135 20852628 t gcesareni "We now show that the F-box protein Fbw7 interacts with and thereby destabilizes c-Myc in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of MB1. Whereas wild-type Fbw7 promoted c-Myc turnover in cells, an Fbw7 mutant lacking the F-box domain delayed it." SIGNOR-243545 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser226 IDENCLLsPLAGEDD -1 9199329 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylate the rat glucocorticoid receptor in vitro at distinct sites that together correspond to the major phosphorylated receptor residues observed in vivo; MAPK phosphorylates receptor residues threonine 171 and serine 246, whereas multiple CDK complexes modify serines 224 and 232.|MAPKs and CDKs exert opposite effects on receptor transcriptional enhancement. From our results, we speculate that activators of the MAPK pathway, such as growth factors, insulin, and certain oncoproteins, or inhibitors of CDK function, such as tumor growth factor beta (TGF_), p21, and p27, might attenuate receptor-induced transcrip- tional responses. In contrast, negative regulators of MAPK, such as pKA, as well as activators of CDK, such as the cyclins or CAKs, should potentiate receptor action." SIGNOR-249428 DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20457810 t fspada "We show a direct interaction of pref-1 and fibronectin via the pref-1 juxtamembrane domain and fibronectin c-terminal domain" SIGNOR-165347 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22270366 f miannu "VEGF-induced MMP-9 and MMP-13 promoter activities were down-regulated in ETS-1 siRNA-transfected cells. it is hypothesized that the activation of PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK by VEGF results in ETS-1 gene expression, which activates MMP-9 and MMP-13, leading to the invasion and scattering of SKOV-3 cells." SIGNOR-254083 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr269 GGKRSRLtPVSPESS 9606 BTO:0000551 20974803 t lperfetto "Here we show that cdk1 phosphorylates p62 in vitro and in vivo at t269 and s272, which is necessary for the maintenance of appropriate cyclin b1 levels and the levels of cdk1 activity necessary to allow cells to properly enter and exit mitosis." SIGNOR-216936 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RIF1 protein Q5UIP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15342490 t miannu "Human Rif1, ortholog of a yeast telomeric protein, is regulated by ATM and 53BP1 and functions in the S-phase checkpoint. After induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs), Rif1 formed foci that colocalized with other DNA-damage-response factors. This response was strictly dependent on ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and 53BP1, but not affected by diminished function of ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related kinase), BRCA1, Chk2, Nbs1, and Mre11." SIGNOR-259059 ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT CORO1B protein Q9BR76 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 29274743 t miannu "Neurite growth-related genes such as Trkb, Bdnf, Gap43, Coronin 1B, and Rab13 are downregulated in ANKRD11-deficient neurons. " SIGNOR-266737 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18612045 t areggio "These findings present new insights into the role of the GR and FOXO family of transcription factors in the transcriptional regulation of the MuRF1 gene, a direct target of the GR in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-254991 TGIF1 protein Q15583 UNIPROT WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15359284 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that tiul1 degrades not only the activated type i receptor in association with smad7 but also smad2 in association with tgif.the steady-state levels of tgif are not affected by tiul1, but the interaction of tiul1 with tgif allows this ubiquitin ligase to target smad2 for degradation." SIGNOR-128854 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259705 PSMA6 protein P60900 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 19941857 t 1 miannu "We saw preferential binding of XBP-1u to subunits _5, _6 and _7.2. We demonstrate that XBP-1u undergoes efficient degradation in vitro by 20S proteasomes in the absence of ubiquitination." SIGNOR-239039 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT IWS1 protein Q96ST2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser720 PQRRRMNsTGGQTPR 9606 BTO:0003536 24462114 t miannu "The data presented in this report confirmed the differential phosphorylation of IWS1 at Ser720/Thr721 by Akt3 and Akt1 and showed that its phosphorylation at this site is required for the recruitment of SetD2 to the Spt6-IWS1-Aly/REF complex." SIGNOR-273496 Goserelin chemical CHEBI:5523 ChEBI LHCGR protein P22888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001033 11900209 t miannu "LHRH analogues, such as goserelin, reduce circulating concentrations of oestrogen in premenopausal women via an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. At the cellular level, LHRH analogues bind to LHRH receptors on pituitary gland cells, an action which causes an initial surge in the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Once bound to ligand, these LHRH receptors form clusters, which are then sequestered within the cell, thereby reducing the number of unoccupied LHRH receptors." SIGNOR-259162 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 18596912 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The genomic activity of ppargamma is modulated, in addition to ligand binding, by phosphorylation of a serine residue by mapks, such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (erk-1/2), or by nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization through the erk activators mapk kinases-1/2 (mek-1/2). These mapks phosphorylate (in humans) ser 84 in the ppargamma1 and ser 114 in ppargamma2 isoform" SIGNOR-270008 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 YLDSGIHsGATTTAP 9606 11955436 t lperfetto "Wnt regulation of beta-catenin degradation is essential for development and carcinogenesis. beta-catenin degradation is initiated upon amino-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation, which is believed to be performed by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in complex with tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adnomatous polyposis coli (APC)." SIGNOR-227901 S protein P59594 UNIPROT CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000801 17412287 f lperfetto "The ability of S-protein to induce TNF-a" SIGNOR-260279 DRAP1 protein Q14919 UNIPROT "NC2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C108 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18838386 t miannu "NC2_ co-fractionated with NC2_ only in the low molecular weight complex (fractions 86–94) and an NC2_ antibody co-immunoprecipitated NC2_ (but not GCN5) in these fractions, which thus contain the classical NC2 complex" SIGNOR-226402 PSMC2 protein P35998 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263374 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDKN1C protein P49918 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser282 FFAKRKRsAPEKSSG 9606 BTO:0000150 23421998 t lperfetto "Cdk inhibitor p57 (kip2) is downregulated by akt during her2-mediated tumorigenicityakt phosphorylates p57 on ser 282 or thr310. Akt activity results in destabilization of p57 by accelerating turnover rate of p57 and enhancing p57 ubiquitination" SIGNOR-201042 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2R2 protein Q712K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271324 CTSB protein P07858 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly58 RYLYQWLgAPVPYPD -1 9076588 t miannu "This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42." SIGNOR-256318 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT CP protein P00450 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "Binding of sonic hedgehog (shh) to patched (ptc) relieves the latter's tonic smoothened (smo), a receptor that spans the cell membrane seven times. Ptch exists in vertebrates as two isoforms, ptch1 and ptch2, which seem to be equivalent in terms of binding the three hh isoforms." SIGNOR-154285 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21508344 t lperfetto "SOCS proteins bind to janus kinase and to certain cytokine receptors and signaling molecules, thereby suppressing further signaling events. Studies have shown that SOCS proteins are key physiological regulators of inflammation. Recent studies have also demonstrated that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are important regulators of adaptive immunity.Both SOCS1 and SOCS3 can inhibit JAK tyrosine kinase activity directly through their kinase inhibitory regions (KIR)." SIGNOR-238645 GATAD2B protein Q8WXI9 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263857 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1235 DMYDKEYySVHNKTG 9606 16537444 t gcesareni "Using substrate trapping mutants of ptp1b or tcptp, we have demonstrated that both phosphatases interact with met and that these interactions require phosphorylation of twin tyrosines (tyr-1234/1235) in the activation loop of the met kinase domain. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of tyr-1234/1235 in the activation loop of the met receptor is elevated in the absence of either ptp1b or tcptp and further elevated upon loss of both phosphatases. This enhanced phosphorylation of met corresponds to enhanced biological activity and cellular invasion." SIGNOR-145145 TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT CRYAB protein P02511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21556774 t miannu "Aberrant expression of CRYAB has been shown to be associated with several neurological diseases and malignant neoplasms. To identify transcriptional regulators of CRYAB expression, we examined its promoter for binding sites of transcription factors and identified four potential AP-2 binding sites in addition to a p53 binding site reported previously|Taken together, our results indicate that AP-2_ up-regulates the transcription of the CRYAB gene through stabilizing p53" SIGNOR-253636 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT NCOR1 protein O75376 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22395773 t FFerrentino "In differentiated adipocyte cell lines, SIRT1 inhibits adipogenesis and enhances fat mobilization through lipolysis by suppressing the activity of PPARγ. SIRT1 achieves this by promoting the assembly of a corepressor complex, involving NCoR1 and SMRT, on the promoters of PPARγ target genes to repress their transcription." SIGNOR-253505 "C3 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C310 SIGNOR C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg748 ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 31331124 t lperfetto "This forms the C4b2a complex, which is a classical pathway C3 convertase. C4b2a cleaves C3, which is the central component of the complement cascade, to C3a, and anaphylatoxin, and C3b results in the activation of the lytic pathway" SIGNOR-263450 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT PIAS2 protein O75928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser113 STSVTPHsPSSPVGS 9606 BTO:0000007 16713578 t miannu "The switch between the coactivating and inhibitory actions of PIASxα is controlled, at least in part, through PIASxα phosphorylation. PIASxα is itself phosphorylated by p38 in vitro and in vivo in response to the activation of stress signaling pathways (Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4). We identify Ser113 and Ser 116 as two residues that are phosphorylated by p38 and have important functional roles" SIGNOR-262946 PSMA7 protein O14818 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 19941857 t 1 miannu "We saw preferential binding of XBP-1u to subunits _5, _6 and _7.2. We demonstrate that XBP-1u undergoes efficient degradation in vitro by 20S proteasomes in the absence of ubiquitination." SIGNOR-239042 trametinib chemical CHEBI:75998 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26347206 t miannu "Trametinib (Mekinist™) is a reversible and highly selective allosteric inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 with anticancer activity against metastatic melanoma carrying the BRAF V600 mutation." SIGNOR-259447 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001260 10514499 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) phosphorylate the high molecular mass isoform of the actin-binding protein caldesmon (h-cad) at two sites (ser(759) and ser(789)) during smooth muscle stimulation. Nmr spectroscopy shows that the actin binding properties of the minimal inhibitory region of caldesmon, residues 750-779, alter upon map kinase phosphorylation of ser-759, a residue not involved in actin binding. This phosphorylation leads to markedly diminished actin affinity as a result of the loss of interaction at one of the two sites that bind to f-actin." SIGNOR-270162 USP17L2 protein Q6R6M4 UNIPROT LGMN protein Q99538 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000815 24610907 t miannu "We demonstrate that TRAF6 ubiquitinates the proform of AEP through K63-linked polyubiquitin, reversible by USP17, and forms a complex with HSP90α to subsequently promote pro-AEP intracellular stability as well as secretion. We now present evidence that AEP is a substrate for TRAF6 ubiquitination, resulting in AEP/TRAF6/HSP90α complex formation." SIGNOR-272854 glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [‚Ķ] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267391 ITGAX protein P20702 UNIPROT "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253193 DCAF1 protein Q9Y4B6 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0005907 25026211 t miannu "CRL4 DCAF1 ubiquitylates and inhibits Lats." SIGNOR-272227 NLGN3 protein Q9NZ94 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein P58401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264157 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RBL1 protein P28749 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 15467457 t miannu "Pocket protein family consists of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (prb) and the functionally and structurally related proteins p107 and p130./dephosphorylation of p130 and p107 in cell extracts is inhibited by concentrations of okadaic acid known to inhibit pp2a, but not pp1. Finally, the pp2a catalytic subunit pp2a/c) specifically interacts with both p130 and p107 / the cell cycle repressor activity of pocket proteins is inactivated by cdk mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-129749 PAICS protein P22234 UNIPROT 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-D-ribosyl)imidazolium-4-carboxylate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:77657 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The next two reactions (steps 6 and 7) involve carb oxylation of AIR to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonu cleotide (CAIR) and ligation of the carboxy group of CAIR with an amide group derived from Asp in an ATP dependent reaction forming 4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)- 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR). These reac tions are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS)." SIGNOR-267318 ADNP protein Q9H2P0 UNIPROT ChAHP complex SIGNOR-C407 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0002896 29795351 t miannu "Here we show that ADNP interacts with the chromatin remodeller CHD4 and the chromatin architectural protein HP1 to form a stable complex, which we refer to as ChAHP. Besides mediating complex assembly, ADNP recognizes DNA motifs that specify binding of ChAHP to euchromatin. we have discovered ChAHP, a gene-regulatory complex that consists of the chromatin remodeller CHD4, the DNA-binding factor ADNP, and the heterochromatin proteins HP1β and HP1γ. By locally restricting access to DNA, ChAHP prevents endodermal gene transcription in mouse ES cells and during neuroectodermal differentiation." SIGNOR-266751 LPCAT1 protein Q8NF37 UNIPROT acyl-CoA(4-) chemical CHEBI:58342 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272763 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 14697653 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-270054 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15120645 t miannu "Despite signaling through distinct receptor complexes, type I IFNs and IFN-lambda activate similar signaling events and biological activities, consistent with their common ability to mediate an antiviral state in cells (Fig. 6). In both cases, receptor engagement leads via the activation of the Jak kinases Jak1 and Tyk2 to the activation of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) transcription complex, composed of latent transcriptional factors of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family, Stat1 and Stat2, and of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) IRF9 (ISGF3g or p48)." SIGNOR-260148 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TACC3 protein Q9Y6A5 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser552 GTSSFKEsALRKQSL -1 26134678 t lperfetto "In humans, Aurora-A phosphorylates TACC3 on three residues (S34, S552 and S558); these sites are conserved in Maskin and the S558 equivalent site is also present in D-TACC [26,27,30]. In mammalian cells, phosphorylation of S558 promotes accumulation of TACC3 on spindle MTs" SIGNOR-263698 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM60 protein Q495X7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271161 TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT RRM1 protein P23921 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253866 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr498 KTPPAPKtPPSSGEP -1 9199504 t miannu "Phosphorylation of tau by SAPK3 and SAPK4 markedly reduced the ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly. SAPK3 (also called ERK6 and p38) and SAPK4 phosphorylate recombinant tau protein at multiple Ser/Thr-Pro sites that are hyperphosphorylated in PHF-tau, with SAPK4 and SAPK3 being the most effective." SIGNOR-250086 EFEMP2 protein O95967 UNIPROT ELN protein P15502 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19570982 t miannu "Fibulin-4 directly binds LOX, and this interaction enhances fibulin-4 binding to tropoelastin, thus forming a ternary complex that may be critical for elastin cross-linking." SIGNOR-252136 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PLSCR1 protein O15162 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr161 CGPSRPFtLRIIDNM 9606 10770950 t lperfetto "Following the induction of apoptosis, however, phosphorylation of serine residues decreased and it increased on threonine, consistent with the predicted pkc phosphorylation site at thr-161. Transfection of cho cells with scramblase and pkc_, but not scramblase or pkc_ alone, increased scramblase activity" SIGNOR-76904 levomilnacipran chemical CHEBI:136040 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 18468895 t Luana "Studies on a series of milnacipran analogs containing a heteroaromatic group as potent norepinephrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors" SIGNOR-257943 CTSS protein P25774 UNIPROT oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31810556 t scontino "Within the phagosome, the internalized antigens are partially degraded by Cathepsin S and the GILT complex, a necessary step for further export to cytosol." SIGNOR-267868 acadesine chemical CHEBI:28498 ChEBI PRKAG1 protein P54619 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 SIGNOR-C15 16879084 t gcesareni "The activation of the ampk pathway by exendin-4 was induced by aicar, which was inhibited by compound c." SIGNOR-148337 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR CUL9 protein Q8IWT3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243169 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "We identified stat5 as a direct binding partner to egfr and erbb4 and discovered new recognition motifs for shc and stat5.Egf stimulation and subsequent phosphorylation of egfr at tyrosine y978, y998 and y869 would then subsequently lead to recruitment and activation of stat5." SIGNOR-146852 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16288293 f miannu "Akt promotes both cell growth and cell survival by inactivating its downstream substrates including GSK3, BAD, FOXO and TSC2." SIGNOR-251550 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257683 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA4B protein Q9H853 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272252 "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257725 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20230789 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Accumulating evidence indicates that protein phosphorylation regulates nox activity. In this report, we show that serine282 residue of nox activator 1 (noxa1) is phosphorylated by erk in response to egf resulting in desensitization of nox1 activity" SIGNOR-270114 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser287 SMSSCGSsGYFSSSP 9606 22017877 t lperfetto "We found that deptor was rapidly phosphorylated on three serines in a conserved degron, facilitating binding and ubiquitylation by the f box protein _trcp, with consequent proteasomal degradation of deptor. Phosphorylation of the _trcp degron in deptor is executed by ck1" SIGNOR-252798 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1114 HGHVSNAsIRVGENV -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262902 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT LIMA1 protein Q9UHB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser604 FQSTSVKsPKTVSPP 9606 23188829 t miannu "Mechanistic study revealed that EGF could activate the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of EPLIN through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-dependent signaling cascade. Pharmacological inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway effectively antagonized EGF-induced EPLIN degradation. Two serine residues, i.e. serine 362 and serine 604, were identified as putative ERK1/2 phosphorylation sites in human EPLIN, whose point mutation rendered resistance to EGF-induced protein turnover." SIGNOR-263055 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1462 GLRPRGYtISDSAPS 10090 BTO:0000944 12150915 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that, upon activation of PI3K, tuberin is phosphorylated on consensus recognition sites for PI3K-dependent S/T kinases. Moreover, Akt/PKB can phosphorylate tuberin in vitro and in vivo. We also show that S939 and T1462 of tuberin are PI3K-regulated phosphorylation sites and that T1462 is constitutively phosphorylated in PTEN(-/-) tumor-derived cell lines." SIGNOR-244365 GAST protein P01350 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000269 22228178 f "Gastrin inhibited proliferation of colon cancer cells by suppressing expression of EGR1 and AE2 and by blocking ERK phosphorylation." SIGNOR-254252 "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 25901680 f lperfetto "Ribosomes are translational machineries that catalyse protein synthesis." SIGNOR-262413 PHF12 protein Q96QT6 UNIPROT Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21041482 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266969 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT His-tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29155 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269551 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT Megakaryocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH103 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004911 29713515 f "The truncated form TAL1-s is required for erythroid progenitors differentiation, while the full-length protein TAL1-l is required for megakaryocytic differentiation of progenitor cells." SIGNOR-259969 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser728 PSPARSSsYSEANEP 9913 17389591 t "We further show that RIP1 (the Ser/Thr protein kinase receptor-interacting protein) associates with the GAP domain of AIP1 and mediates TNF-induced AIP1 phosphorylation at Ser-604 and JNK/p38 activation as demonstrated by both overexpression and small interfering RNA knockdown of RIP1 in EC." SIGNOR-259976 ALDH1A1 protein P00352 UNIPROT retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265122 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT GRB7 protein Q14451 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 phosphorylation:Tyr936 SESTNHIySNLANCS 10377264 t gcesareni "We furthermore demonstrate that the adapter protein Grb2 is a specific binding partner for both phosphorylated Tyr-703 and phosphorylated Tyr-936, whereas the adapter protein Grb7 binds selectively to phosphorylated Tyr-936." SIGNOR-248291 SEMA3A protein Q14563 UNIPROT PLXNA2 protein O75051 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10679438 t gcesareni "Plexins form stable complexes with neuropilin-1 or -2." SIGNOR-75168 ZIC1 protein Q15915 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 11238441 t lperfetto "Co-expression of zic1 resulted in gli1 and gli3 proteins being translocated to the nucleus in varying levels" SIGNOR-105497 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT CYP1A1 protein P04798 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17012224 t miannu "Kaempferol proved to be capable of inhibiting binding of agonist and agonist-induced formation of the AHR/ARNT DNA-binding complex and upregulation of the AHR target gene, CYP1A1." SIGNOR-259910 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT GADD45A protein P24522 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23576563 f gcesareni "P53 acetylated at k120 subsequently bound to the promoters of its target apoptotic genes, bax and gadd45, to promote their expression and lead to apoptosis." SIGNOR-201679 H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.1t variant" complex SIGNOR-C325 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 20498094 t miannu "A histone H3 variant, H3T, is highly expressed in the testis, suggesting that it may play an important role in the chromatin reorganization required for meiosis and/or spermatogenesis. In the present study, we found that the nucleosome containing human H3T is significantly unstable both in vitro and in vivo, as compared to the conventional nucleosome containing H3.1." SIGNOR-263725 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 PPQTSGLsPSRLSKS 9606 20516213 t lperfetto "The protein is phosphorylated mainly on residues s60, s68, and s75, and this inhibits its pol iii repression function. The responsible kinase is mtorc1, which phosphorylates maf1 directly." SIGNOR-217145 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser594 HKAAVPAsEKLLLLK 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation" SIGNOR-129312 KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT NPNT protein Q6UXI9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005787 BTO:0001103 23612709 f miannu "The MEK5-dependent activation of ERK5 promotes binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of the genes encoding the transcription factors Klf2 and Klf4, leading to their increased abundance. Subsequently, Klf2 and Klf4 bind to the Npnt promoter and induce the production of nephronectin during myoblast fusion" SIGNOR-255456 TNFSF13 protein O75888 UNIPROT TNFRSF13B protein O14836 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10956646 t gcesareni "Tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor superfamily member taci is a high affinity receptor for tnf family members april and blys." SIGNOR-81308 PTGER1 protein P34995 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257083 "Calprotectin complex" complex SIGNOR-C293 SIGNOR Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000876 16690079 t miannu "Calcium-induced complexes of S100A8 and S100A9 have been shown to colocalize with microtubules (MTs) during activation of monocytes. Functional analyses demonstrated that the complexes are involved in cytoskeletal organization and that they directly bind to tubulin and promote tubulin polymerization in a calcium-dependent manner" SIGNOR-262827 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 32814769 t miannu "Overexpression of DOT1L decreased the expression of HECTD4 and MYCBP2 in LNCaP, C42B, and 22rv1 cells (Supplementary Fig. 5c), suggesting that DOT1L plays a role in repressing these targets either directly or indirectly." SIGNOR-267151 PKLR protein P30613 UNIPROT pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266537 2-[[3-[[2-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-2-pyridin-4-yl-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline smallmolecule CHEBI:94276 ChEBI GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 17494766 t gcesareni "Gant61 was able to efficiently block gli1 as well as gli2-induced transcription" SIGNOR-154756 1-naphthol chemical CHEBI:10319 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258163 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr178 EEAERKLySGAQTDG 9606 BTO:0000661 7961936 t "We show that ZAP-70 has a primary autophosphorylation site at Tyr-292, with a secondary site at Tyr-126. We also show additional phosphorylation at Tyr-69, Tyr-178, Tyr-492, and Tyr-493 upon the addition of the protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck." SIGNOR-251392 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr355 NFSSSPStPVGSPQG 10090 14592976 t lperfetto "Notch-induced degradation requires phosphorylation of E47 by p42/p44 MAP kinases. |Wild_type E47 but not the Mm mutant reacted to the antibodies, suggesting that E47 is at least phosphorylated at the M2 site (Figure 3A)|anti_phospho_M2 peptide (SSPSpTPVGSPQG)" SIGNOR-249451 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr648 DVHNLDYyKKTTNGR 9606 BTO:0000007 11294897 t lperfetto "Ligand stimulation leads to autophosphorylation of fgfr3the two tyrosine residues in the YYKK Motif of the activation loop of fgfrs are required for kinase activity of fgfr1 and fgfr3." SIGNOR-106734 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT RBM17 protein Q96I25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser48 KSQRTKQsTVLAPVI 9534 BTO:0001538 23519612 t miannu "In this work, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) phosphorylates SPF45 on eight serine residues." SIGNOR-262711 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR CBFB protein Q13951 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f irozzo "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions. We found that MLL-BP and the 3 MLL fusion proteins all decreased RUNX1 levels, and MLL-eleven nineteen leukemia (ENL) caused a greater decrease in RUNX1 compared with MLL-AF9 and MLL-AF4 fusion proteins." SIGNOR-255852 TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT TUBA8 protein Q9NY65 UNIPROT down-regulates tyrosination 9606 22020298 t miannu "Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization" SIGNOR-176930 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asp638 KLVFFAEdVGSNKGA -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261764 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser91 ENLKKSLsCANLSTF 9606 24561619 t lperfetto "Sik2 phosphorylates p35 at ser 91, to trigger its ubiquitylation by pja2 and promote insulin secretion. _-cell knockout of sik2 leads to accumulation of p35 and impaired secretion" SIGNOR-204648 NCKAP1 protein Q9Y2A7 UNIPROT NHS protein Q6T4R5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20332100 t miannu "We show that the WHD of NHS interacts with the Abi family of proteins, HSPC300, Nap1 and Sra1, and is important for the localization of NHS to the leading edge." SIGNOR-253576 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258017 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17420126 t gcesareni "Ephrins are cell-surface tethered guidance cues that bind to eph receptor tyrosine kinases in trans on opposing cells." SIGNOR-154298 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11494141 f miannu "Defects in PTEN, a tumor suppressor, have been found in cancers arising in a variety of human tissues. To elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of this gene, we have been analysing expression profiles of cancer cells after introduction of exogenous PTEN. Those experiments identified 99 candidate genes that were transcriptionally transactivated. Among them, we report here the further analyses of eight genes, EGR2/Krox-20, BPOZ, APS, HCLS1/HS1, DUSP1/MKP1, NDRG1/Drg1/RTP, NFIL3/E4BP4, and a novel gene (PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase)." SIGNOR-260055 Cadherins proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF71 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265812 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CFI protein P05156 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10630630 f miannu "The production of CFI by Hep G2 cells was enhanced in a dose- and time-dependent fashion by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-1,2-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a potent PKC activator. The enhancement of the activity of transfected chimeric CAT constructs by TPA was abrogated by calphostin C and by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (an inhibitor of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transactivation). These results indicate that TPA regulation of CFI gene requires PKC signalling and is mediated by via a TPA response element (TRE) in the CFI promoter region located at -136/-130 and involves the transactivation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors" SIGNOR-254786 DACT2 protein Q5SW24 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17197390 t lpetrilli "Here, we provide evidence that unlike dpr1 that modulates wnt signaling, mdpr2 negatively regulates tgf-? Signaling and promotes tgf-? Receptor degradation in lysosomes. these results suggest that mdpr2 interferes with tgf-? By directly binding to and targeting the receptors for lysosomal inhibitor-sensitive degradation." SIGNOR-151750 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-136 is the major phosphoacceptor site for akt;akt can weakly phosphorilate ser-155." SIGNOR-81118 CTSB protein P07858 UNIPROT S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000195 32142651 t miannu "SARS-2-S can use both CatB/L as well as TMPRSS2 for priming in these cell lines." SIGNOR-260738 "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR Melanosome_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH180 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22203680 f miannu "Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) 6 are present in a range of cells in multicellular eukaryotes and include lytic granules, lung lamellar bodies, platelet-dense granules, and melanosomes (1.). The melanosome of the pigment cells in the skin and eye is the best studied of the LROs (1., 2.). The biogenesis of the melanosome and other LROs requires the AP-3 adaptor complex, the class C Vps complex, and three BLOC (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex) complexes" SIGNOR-268522 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16123311 t gcesareni "We report upregulation of lrig1 transcript and protein upon egf stimulation, and physical association of the encoded protein with the four egfr orthologs of mammals. Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation." SIGNOR-139948 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000785 14968112 t gcesareni "Proteins that interact with alk tyrosine kinase play important roles in mediating downstream cellular signals. Previously reported proteins in the alk signal pathway were identified including pi3-k, jak2, jak3, stat3, grb2, irs, and plcgamma1." SIGNOR-122082 UVRAG protein Q9P2Y5 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21311563 t lperfetto "Beclin 1, the mammalian orthologue of yeast Atg6, has a central role in autophagy, a process of programmed cell survival, which is increased during periods of cell stress and extinguished during the cell cycle. It interacts with several cofactors (Atg14L, UVRAG, Bif-1, Rubicon, Ambra1, HMGB1, nPIST, VMP1, SLAM, IP(3)R, PINK and survivin) to regulate the lipid kinase Vps-34 protein and promote formation of Beclin 1-Vps34-Vps15 core complexes" SIGNOR-171902 SFRP1 protein Q8N474 UNIPROT WNT4 protein P56705 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 11287180 t gcesareni "Sfrp-1 binds wnt-4 with considerable avidity and inhibits the dna-binding activity of tcf, an effector of wnt signaling," SIGNOR-106556 EFNB3 protein Q15768 UNIPROT EPHB3 protein P54753 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9484836 t gcesareni "Ephrin-b3, a ligand for the receptor ephb3, expressed at the midline of the developing neural tube." SIGNOR-54711 zaleplon chemical CHEBI:10102 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The BZ-sensitive GABAA-Rs can be further subdivided, in that receptors containing the alpha1 subunit have a higher sensitivity to a subpopulation of BZ site ligands, the benzodiazepines quazepam and cinolazepam (Sieghart, 1989) or nonbenzodiazepines such as zolpidem (an imidazopyridine) and a few others, including CL218-872 (triazolopyridazine), zaleplon, and indiplon, and abecarnil (β-carboline), (Olsen and Gordey, 2000; Korpi et al., 2002; Sieghart and Ernst, 2005)." SIGNOR-263804 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr254 RQVAIVFRtPPYADPS 10090 BTO:0000249 22761446 t "Redundant functions of GSK-3_ and GSK-3_ through phosphorylation of RelA at Thr-254 play a crucial role in early stages of chondrocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-255828 IRF9 protein Q00978 UNIPROT "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 8943351 t 2 miannu "The first STAT-containing transcription factor to be studied, the alpha-interferon-induced ISGF3, is composed of a Stat1:2 heterodimer and a weak DNA-binding protein, p48. The p48 and Stat1:2 heterodimer do not associate stably in the absence of DNA, but we show that amino acids approximately 150 to 250 of Stat1 and a COOH-terminal portion of p48 exhibit physical interaction, implying contact that stabilizes ISGF3" SIGNOR-240600 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 35681445 f lperfetto "The ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, play both beneficial and detrimental roles depending upon their levels and cellular microenvironment." SIGNOR-272279 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 10564272 f gcesareni "We found that both smad6 and smad7 inhibit the activation of smad1 and smad5 by bmpr-ia/alk-3 and bmpr-ib/alk-6, as well as that by alk-2" SIGNOR-236861 bortezomib chemical CHEBI:52717 ChEBI PSMD1 protein Q99460 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000898 21504411 t miannu "Proteasome inhibition is a modern and surprisingly successful approach how to cancer treatment. Bortezomib (Velcade®) is a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor and has been approved for first-line treatment of multiple myeloma and second-line treatment of mantle cell lymphoma." SIGNOR-259312 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr679 DRPKDEVySKYYTPV 9606 12621061 t llicata "Stat5 is activated by a broad spectrum of cytokines, as well as non-receptor tyrosine kinases, such as src. these conformational differences may in part be due to differential effects of prl and src on stat5b tyrosine phosphorylation, since src induced several additional sites of tyrosine phosphorylation of stat5b at residues other than tyr-699, including tyr-724 and tyr-679." SIGNOR-99002 BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000785 19884659 f gcesareni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the bmi-1 transcriptionally downregulated expression of the tumor suppressor pten in tumor cells through direct association with the pten locus." SIGNOR-189040 NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "g-TuRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C282 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19029337 t miannu "It has been reported that NEDD1 directly interacts with and recruits the gamma-tubulin ring complex to centrosomes and to spindle MTs to promote MT nucleation and spindle assembly" SIGNOR-261422 PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr221 HQYFMTEyVATRWYR 9534 12042304 t "In this study we concentrated on whether and how PTP-SL, a kinase-interacting motif-containing PTP, might be involved in the down-regulation of the ERK5 signal|Whereas inactivation of ERK5 by PTP-SL monitored in vitro is most probably simply due to the dephosphorylation of tyrosine 220 in the activating TEY motif" SIGNOR-248721 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr759 LYDVSRMyVDPSEIN 9606 12181444 t gcesareni "In vitro phosphorylation experiments with recombinant plcgamma2 and recombinant lck, fyn, and lyn tyrosine kinases showed that phosphorylation of plcgamma2 led to activation of the recombinant enzyme." SIGNOR-91477 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001570 23242655 f "Our previous studies demonstrated that mutant p53 along with repression complex proteins including DNMT1, HDAC1 and MeCP2 is associated with ER-negative promoter in MDA-MB-468 cells." SIGNOR-254024 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 RERSRTGsESSQTGT 9606 15071500 t gcesareni "S6k1/s6k2 specifically phosphorylate ser422 in vitro. Substitution of ser422 with ala results in a loss of activity in an in vivo translation assay, indicating that phosphorylation of this site plays an important role in eif4b function." SIGNOR-252783 2-[4-[3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-9-thioxanthenylidene]propyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethanol chemical CHEBI:93235 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258729 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21730050 t gcesareni "Interestingly, FKBP51 forms complexes in mitochondria with the glucocorticoid receptor and the Hsp90/Hsp70-based chaperone heterocomplex" SIGNOR-251668 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22703233 f lperfetto "Our results establish a novel biological role for TGFbeta signaling in controlling expression of genes characteristic for alternatively activated macrophages. We speculate that lack of TbetaRII signaling reduces the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of macrophages because of reduced expression of these products." SIGNOR-249550 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser721 PVVSGDTsPRHLSNV 9606 BTO:0000142 20308788 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Among the sites studied, thr205, thr212, ser214, and ser262 were the most favorable sites, and ser199 and ser404 were the least favorable sites for pp2a in vitro." SIGNOR-164667 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr177 GVRWAKLySLVIWGC 9606 16226010 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that egf is capable of inducing src-mediated phosphorylation of the tyrosine residues 177 and 347 of bkr. Their replacement by phenylalanine led to bkr mutants which are unable to activate the camp pathway." SIGNOR-141103 UQCRQ protein O14949 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262197 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257922 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257219 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1179 GLENGLNyIDLDLVK 9606 7515062 t gcesareni "The specific activity of four candidate protein-tyrosine phosphatases (protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp1b), sh2 domain-containing ptpase-2 (shp-2), leukocyte common antigen-related (lar), and leukocyte antigen-related phosphatase) (lrp) toward irs-1 dephosphorylation was studied using recombinant proteins in vitro. Ptp1b exhibited the highest specific activity these results provide new insight into novel molecular interactions involving ptp1b and grb2 that may influence the steady-state capacity of irs-1 to function as a phosphotyrosine scaffold and possibly affect the balance of postreceptor insulin signaling." SIGNOR-27024 PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 1322907 t "We have purified two of these nuclear inhibitors of PP-1 (NIPP-1a and NIPP-1b) until homogeneity." SIGNOR-255657 FBXO21 protein O94952 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26085330 t miannu "SCFFBXO21 ubiquitylates and thereby targets EID1 for degradation.We have now applied this approach to an uncharacterized human F-box protein, FBXO21, which serves as the substrate-recognition subunit of a SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein (SCF)-type E3, thereby identifying EID1 (EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1) as a candidate substrate.Over-expression of FBXO21 resulted in the down-regulation of EID1, whereas disruption of the FBXO21 gene with the CRISPR/Cas9 system stabilized EID1 and led to its accumulation in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. An in vitro ubiquitylation assay showed that EID1 is a direct substrate of SCF(FBXO)" SIGNOR-272430 TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2." SIGNOR-269938 RAB6A protein P20340 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 25492866 f miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. COH1 and RAB6 regulate neurite outgrowth in primary neurons" SIGNOR-266873 MCC complex SIGNOR-C382 SIGNOR APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25092294 t miannu "The mitotic (or spindle assembly) checkpoint system delays anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. When the checkpoint is active, a Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) assembles and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). MCC is composed of the checkpoint proteins Mad2, BubR1, and Bub3 associated with the APC/C activator Cdc20." SIGNOR-265977 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19055748 f lperfetto "Taken together these results suggest that SNAI1 functional blockade is leading to partial re-expression of E-cadherin (i.e. at the level of transcription), to a decrease in PAI-1 and to a more collective migration, while the parental cells expressing SNAI1 have less E-cadherin, more PAI 1, and migrate individually. We suggest that the present study establishes a relation between SNAI1 function, PAI-1 distribution and EMT status." SIGNOR-252259 RAVER1 protein Q8IY67 UNIPROT PTBP1 protein P26599 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14633994 t "Raver1 was identified in two-hybrid screens by its interactions with the cytoskeletal proteins actinin and vinculin, and was also found to interact with PTB || Here we show that raver1 is able to promote the smooth muscle-specific alternative splicing of TM by enhancing PTB-mediated repression of exon 3. This suggests a novel mechanism for PTB-mediated splicing repression involving recruitment of raver1 as a potent splicing co-repressor." SIGNOR-272475 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 10949034 t lperfetto "Activation of estrogen receptor alpha by s118 phosphorylation involves a ligand-dependent interaction with tfiih and participation of cdk7." SIGNOR-269356 TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR down-regulates tyrosination 9606 22020298 t miannu "Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization" SIGNOR-266826 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0001103;BTO:0002314 22493066 f gcesareni "We provide evidence that notch and deltex may act on e47 by inhibiting signaling through ras because (i) full e47 activity was found to be dependent on ras and (ii) both notch and deltex inhibited gal4-jun, a hybrid transcription factor whose activity is dependent on signaling from ras to sapk/jnk." SIGNOR-254343 ATG13 protein O75143 UNIPROT ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23863160 t lperfetto "In mammals, two protein complexes, namely the ULK1-Atg13-FIP200 (200kDa focal adhesion kinase family-interacting protein) complex and the Beclin–Vps34 complex, function jointly to produce the phagophore membrane, the initial phase of autophagosome formation." SIGNOR-209884 SLX4 protein Q8IY92 UNIPROT ERCC4/ERCC1 complex SIGNOR-C50 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 24726326 t lperfetto "Slx4 is a tumor suppressor that stimulates the activity of the nuclease xpf-ercc1 in dna crosslink repair." SIGNOR-217652 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ILF3 protein Q12906 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser647 RGRGRGGsIRGRGRG 9606 20870937 t llicata "Upon T cell activation, NF90 translocates from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where it binds to the AU-rich element-containing 3' untranslated regions of IL-2 mRNA and stabilizes it.|Our previous work showed that CD28 costimulation of T cells activated AKT to phosphorylate NF90 at Ser647 and caused NF90 to undergo nuclear export and stabilize IL-2 mRNA." SIGNOR-252512 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SAT1 protein P21673 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser146 FYKRRGAsDLSSEEG -1 8954982 t llicata "Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates recombinant human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase on both serine and threonine residues. | suggesting that the Ser-phosphorylated residues are located in the C-terminus of the protein, probably Ser 146 and 149." SIGNOR-251034 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT "NLRP1 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C224 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256406 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12167717 t lperfetto "PKB induction requires phosphorylation of two critical residues, threonine 308 in the activation loop and serine 473 near the carboxyl terminus. Membrane localization of PKB was found to be a primary determinant of serine 473 phosphorylation. PI3K activity was equally important for promoting phosphorylation of serine 473," SIGNOR-244429 JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18660822 t "Binding Calcium-dependent" gcesareni "Here we report the first x-ray structure of a functional fragment of a notch ligand, the dsl-egf3 domains of human jagged-1 (j-1dsl-egf3). The structure identifies a highly conserved face of the dsl domain and we show, by functional analysis of drosophila ligand mutants, that this surface is required for both cis- and trans-regulatory interactions with notch." SIGNOR-179625 CBX1 protein P83916 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264493 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT ARG2 protein P78540 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20711410 f "The regulation of arginase expression following androgen stimulation was dependent on the androgen receptor (AR), as a siRNA treatment targeting the AR inhibited both ARG1 and ARG2 overexpression. This observation was correlated in vivo in patients by immunohistochemistry." SIGNOR-253671 NSMCE2 protein Q96MF7 UNIPROT SMC5/6 complex SIGNOR-C374 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27427983 t miannu "The SMC5/6 complex, consisting of SMC5, SMC6, and non-SMC elements NSMCE1–6, has key roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity during mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair and is critical for genome stability. In particular, the SMC5/6 complex is involved in resolving intermediates during recombination (5, 6) and other complex DNA structures, such as stalled replication forks" SIGNOR-265484 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18676376 t lperfetto "Calcineurin dephosphorylates members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)2 transcription factor family, allowing NFAT to translocate to the nucleus where it cooperates with other transcription factors to induce transcription of target genes." SIGNOR-233441 PYCARD protein Q9ULZ3 UNIPROT "AIM2 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C222 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256401 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 1310899 t lperfetto "A cdna encoding the tgf-beta type ii receptor protein has been isolated by an expression cloning strategy. The cloned cdna, when transfected into cos cells, leads to overexpression of an approximately 80 kd protein that specifically binds radioiodinated tgf-beta 1. Excess tgf-beta 1 competes for binding of radioiodinated tgf-beta 1 in a dose-dependent manner and is more effective than tgf-beta 2." SIGNOR-236080 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SEC63 protein Q9UGP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser576 VSDKGSDsEEEETNR 9606 BTO:0000599 23287549 t lperfetto "Sec63 was identified as a novel substrate and binding partner of protein kinase CK2. We identified serine 574, serine 576 and serine 748 as CK2 phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of Sec63 by CK2 enhanced its binding to Sec62." SIGNOR-265267 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 26194347 f irozzo "Nrf2 was up-regulated in HCC, and expression of Nrf2 was correlated with tumor differentiation, metastasis, and tumor size. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of Nrf2 expression inhibited proliferation by inducing apoptosis and repressed invasion, and up-regulation of Nrf2 expression resulted in opposite phenotypes." SIGNOR-256263 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 22169964 f miannu "In this study, quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the gene expression levels of TTX-S (Nav1.1 and Nav1.7) and TTX-R (Nav1.8 and Nav1.9) sodium channel subtypes were elevated in DRGs of αERKO and βERKO mice, whereas Nav1.6 mRNA decreased in αERKOs but showed no changes in βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253476 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT ADAMTS1 protein Q9UHI8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 19396168 f miannu "ADAMTS1 and CXCR4, two candidate genes strongly associated with cell migration, were upregulated in the presence of ERG overexpression." SIGNOR-253910 PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16431929 t miannu "KIF14 interacts with PRC1 and citron kinase. We find that KIF14 targets to the central spindle via its interaction with PRC1 and has an essential function in cytokinesis. I" SIGNOR-266423 MRPL41 protein Q8IXM3 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262355 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21289285 t gcesareni "These results indicate that ang ii increases endothelial arginase activity/expression through galfa12/13 g proteins coupled to at(1) receptors and subsequent activation of rhoa/rock/p38 mapk pathways leading to endothelial dysfunction." SIGNOR-171763 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser310 QTRNRKAsGKGKKKR 9606 16107690 t lperfetto "We found that akt directly phosphorylates the transcription factor gata-1 at serine 310 and that this site-specific phosphorylation is required for the transcriptional activation of the timp-1 promoter." SIGNOR-244267 AGK protein Q53H12 UNIPROT "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32901109 t lperfetto "Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex|In humans, TIM22 is a 440-kDa complex comprising at least six components: the hypothetical channel-forming protein Tim22, three small Tim proteins (Tim9, Tim10a and Tim10b), Tim29 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK)." SIGNOR-267708 SERPINC1 protein P01008 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 31030036 t lperfetto "Antithrombin (AT), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily, is a major circulating inhibitor of blood coagulation proteases such as factor (F) IIa (known as thrombin), FXa and, to a lesser extent, FIXa, FXIa and FXIIa. SERPINC1, which encodes AT in humans, is located on chromosome 1q25.1" SIGNOR-264136 PATZ1 protein Q9HBE1 UNIPROT RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10713105 t miannu "In vitro and in vivo interaction between rnf4 and patz was demonstrated / patz acted as a transcriptional repressor, whereas its partner rnf4 behaved as a transcriptional activator./ the association of patz with rnf4 switches activation to repression" SIGNOR-75775 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 9497376 t miannu "E6AP and E6 together provide the E3-ubiquitin protein ligase activity in the transfer of ubiquitin to p53. In vitro studies have shown that E6AP can form a high energy thiolester bond with ubiquitin and, in the presence of E6, transfer ubiquitin to p53. In this study we have addressed the role of E6AP in vivo in the degradation of p53. " SIGNOR-272552 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 17069764 t miannu "In this report, we demonstrated that LUBAC, a ubiquitin ligase complex, is an E3 of activated cPKCs. LUBAC preferentially bound PMA-activated PKCa and PKCbII and their constitutively active mutants (Fig. 2). degradation of PMA-activated PKCa was delayed in HOIL-1L/-MEF (Fig. 3F). These results indicate that LUBAC is the ubiquitin ligase that induces ubiquitination and degradation of activated cPKCs." SIGNOR-271618 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002268 23370391 t miannu "The SCF complex contains a catalytic core consisting of Skp1, Cullin1, and the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating (Ubc) enzyme and a F box component that acts as a receptor targeting numerous substrates via phosphodegron elicited interactions. our screening studies suggested that FBXL2 also targets Aurora B protein for ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-272097 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr191 SRLLHSDyMNMTPRR 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 8992971 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that emt can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the cd28 tail, in contrast to lck, which phosphorylates only tyrosine 173. Together with evidence that in vivo, tyrosines other than tyrosine 173 become phosphorylated following cd28 stimulation, this finding suggests that, like lck, one function of emt during cd28 signaling is phosphorylation of the receptor" SIGNOR-45512 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 9625767 t lperfetto "Il-1 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of signaling events, including activation of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 map kinase, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab" SIGNOR-249515 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC27 protein P30260 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr446 EGKISTItPQIQAFN 9606 14657031 t lperfetto "Apc activation is thought to depend on apc phosphorylation and cdc20 binding. We have identified 43 phospho_sites on apc of which at least 34 are mitosis specific. Of these, 32 sites are clustered in parts of apc1 and the tetratricopeptide repeat (tpr) subunits cdc27, cdc16, cdc23 and apc7. In vitro, at least 15 of the mitotic phospho_sites can be generated by cyclin_dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), and 3 by polo_like kinase 1 (plk1). Apc phosphorylation by cdk1, but not by plk1, is sufficient for increased cdc20 binding and apc activation" SIGNOR-119877 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 19049975 t miannu "We show that phospho-STAT3 activates POMC promoter in response to leptin signaling through a mechanism that requires an SP1-binding site in the POMC promoter." SIGNOR-263497 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "form complex" binding BTO:0001103 12361602 t apalma "Notch is cleaved and translocates to the nucleus, where it activates a family of transcription factors, exemplified by Suppressor of Hairless and CBF/RJBk" SIGNOR-255380 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR HIP1 protein O00291 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 11517213 t Giorgia "HIP1 functions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis through binding to clathrin and adaptor protein 2.|Here we demonstrate that HIP1 colocalizes with markers of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in neuronal cells and is highly enriched on clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) purified from brain homogenates. HIP1 binds to the clathrin adaptor protein 2 (AP2) and the terminal domain of the clathrin heavy chain, predominantly through a small fragment encompassing amino acids 276–335" SIGNOR-260392 HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257228 CDH4 protein P55283 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" 10090 BTO:0000165 18701479 f lperfetto "Taken together, these data show that (a) R-cadherin decreases the expression of M-cadherin and (b) N-cadherin and M-cadherin only slightly accumulate at the cell contacts in R-cadherin–expressing myoblasts." SIGNOR-253107 PROC protein P04070 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg707 ESTVMATrKMHDRLE -1 7989361 t lperfetto "The mechanism of inactivation of human factor V and human factor Va by activated protein C|Membrane-bound human factor V (250 nM) is cleaved by APC (2.5 nM) to give M(r) = 200,000, 70,000, 45,000, and 30,000 fragments and an M(r) = 22/20,000 doublet. These fragments are released after four sequential cleavages of the membrane-bound procofactor at Arg306, Arg506, Arg679, and Lys994." SIGNOR-263630 DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT DDB2/DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C39 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9418871 t miannu "Ddb was identified as a heterodimeric protein (48 and 127 kda) that binds to uv-damaged dna" SIGNOR-54093 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT TRH protein P20396 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0000318 33201916 t scontino "The rat prepro-TRH gene is activated by GATA2." SIGNOR-267259 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268206 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003858 12734180 f miannu "In the present study we investigated the inhibitory effects of IGF-1 and OP-1 on MMP-13 expression in human chondrocytes. We found that the suppressive effect of IGF-1 and OP-1 on the MMP-13 promoter activity was dose-dependent at the transcriptional level with a corresponding decrease in the level of MMP-13 protein." SIGNOR-254801 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT COL9A2 protein Q14055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10980415 f miannu "Since Sox9 also contains a potent transcription activation domain, it is a typical transcription factor. Sox9 which binds and activates this enhancer element, is required for chondrocyte differentiation and for expression of a series of chondrocyte-specific marker genes including Col2a1, Col9a2, Col11a2 and Aggrecan." SIGNOR-251757 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu612 IKTEEISeVKMDAEF -1 8943232 t lperfetto "The precise cathepsin D cleavage sites within these recombinant betaAPP substrates were identified using this technique. Both recombinant substrates were cleaved at the following sites: Leu49-Val50, Asp68-Ala69, Phe93-Phe94. | two additional cleavage sites near the amino terminus of betaA4, Glu-3-Val-2 and Glu3-Phe4, were observed, indicating that cathepsin D cleavage of betaAPP is influenced by the structural integrity of the substrate. Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261766 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 25056917 t miannu "P38_ increases gata_2 activity at endogenous target genes by inducing gata_2 multi_site phosphorylation." SIGNOR-205242 NBEA protein Q8NFP9 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000227 26999814 t lperfetto "Yeast two-hybrid identified the Notch1 intracellular domain as a physical interactor of the PBW domain and a role for NBEA as a negative regulator in Notch-mediated transcription was demonstrated.|Defining novel interaction partners of conserved NBEA domain modules identified a role for NBEA as transcriptional regulator in the nucleus. The physical interaction of NBEA with NOTCH1 is most relevant for ASD pathogenesis because NOTCH signaling is essential for neural development." SIGNOR-266010 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser803 QREIQMDsPMLLADL 9606 BTO:0000567 20667468 t miannu "Activated ERK5 undergoes autophosphorylation on its C-terminal half, necessary for maximal activation of ERK5 transcriptional activation. The Ser731 and Thr733 sites were previously shown to be ERK5 autophosphorylation sites in vitro and also in ERK5-overexpressing cells.Our data coincide with a recent study examining whole protein phosphorylation in HeLa cells arrested in G1 and mitotic phases [37] reported that Ser731 and Thr733, as well as Ser720, are phosphorylated in ERK5 during mitosis. We also identified two unreported ERK5 phosphorylation sites, Ser567 and Ser803." SIGNOR-259826 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser272 LSASPQPsSVAPRRP 10090 BTO:0002284 19833727 t "We show that glucose levels modulate PDX1 protein phosphorylation at a novel C-terminal GSK3 consensus that maps to serines 268 and 272. A decrease in glucose levels triggers increased turnover of the PDX1 protein in a GSK3-dependent manner, such that PDX1 phosphomutants are refractory to the destabilizing effect of low glucose" SIGNOR-255567 FABP1 protein P07148 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264455 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "P53 regulates basal expression of AIF and SCO2 and facilitates oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, and HK2 is negatively regulated by p53, whereas TIGAR expression is induced by p53. The net result of p53-mediated regulation of these glycolytic enzymes is the suppression of glycolysis. In addition, p53 directly binds and inhibits G6PD activity and downregulates the pentose phosphate pathway." SIGNOR-267464 MID1 protein O15344 UNIPROT HMG20B protein Q9P0W2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28760657 t miannu "The E3 ubiquitin ligase MID1/TRIM18 promotes atypical ubiquitination of the BRCA2-associated factor 35, BRAF35. MID1 is implicated in BRAF35 ubiquitination promoting atypical poly-ubiquitination via K6-, K27- and K29-linkages. We found that MID1 depletion alters BRAF35 localization in these structures and increases BRAF35 stability affecting its cytoplasmic abundance" SIGNOR-272317 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255520 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20626350 t lperfetto "In particular, p38 mapk activity stimulates the physical association between ppa2 and mkk1/2- erk1/2 complex, leading to mkk1/2 dephosphorilation by pp2a." SIGNOR-244941 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr531 HEEDADSyENMDNPD 9606 10933394 t llicata "Experiments with purified proteins demonstrated that cd19-y513 was lyn's initial phosphorylation and binding site. This led to processive phosphorylation of cd19-y482, which recruited a second lyn molecule, allowing for transphosphorylation and amplification of lyn activation." SIGNOR-80294 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 NSLTPKStPVKTLPF 9606 9840932 t lperfetto "The cell-cycle regulated transcription factor b-myb is phosphorylated by cyclin a/cdk2 at sites that enhance its transactivation properties. we show that b-myb is phosphorylated at thr447, thr490, thr497 and ser581 by cyclin a/cdk3" SIGNOR-217256 oxymetazoline chemical CHEBI:7862 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258915 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser6 sKKRKFVA 9606 15950189 t lperfetto "It has been shown previously that ribosomal protein s3 (rps3)" SIGNOR-137967 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 20404009 t Luana "In vitro functional assays demonstrated that lurasidone acts as an antagonist at D2 and 5-HT7 receptors and as a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype." SIGNOR-257840 MIB2 protein Q96AX9 UNIPROT JAG2 protein Q9Y219 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15920166 t gcesareni "Skeletrophin bound the intracellular regions of the notch ligand jagged-2, but not to those of delta-1, -3, -4, or jagged-1. Skeletrophin, but not its ring-mutated form, ubiquitinized the intracellular region of jagged-2." SIGNOR-137922 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT MFN1 protein Q8IWA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000793 20871098 t miannu "Parkin and PINK1 are required for ubiquitination of MFN-1 and MFN-2.  Decreases in MFN-1 and MFN-2 protein levels seen at later timepoints are difficult to interpret as it is unclear whether this is due to degradation by the proteasome and/or loss of whole mitochondria by mitophagy." SIGNOR-272779 Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C507 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270898 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser302 GRGGRGGsRARNLPL 9606 10329716 t Manara "We have shown that PKCδ binds and phosphorylates K protein. These observations broaden the range of K protein interactions. PKCδ targets Ser302, which is located in the middle of what appears to be a highly interactive KI domain" SIGNOR-260877 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr160 GVPVRTYtHEVVTLW -1 10085115 t llicata "Phosphorylation of monomeric human CDK2 by CAK1 is more efficient than phosphorylation of the binary CDK2-cyclin A complex. Phosphorylated CDK2 exhibits histone H1 kinase activity corresponding to approximately 0.3% of that observed with the fully activated phosphorylated CDK2-cyclin A complex. Fluorescence measurements have shown that Thr160 phosphorylation increases the affinity of CDK2 for both histone substrate and ATP and decreases its affinity for ADP." SIGNOR-250768 "1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:681 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7576010 t miannu "The affinities of D2 receptors for agonists and antagonists were compared for receptors labeled with [1251]-7-OHPIPAT and with [*251]-NCQ-298 under conditions that promote, respectively, coupling or uncoupling of receptors to G proteins. Table 1.Similarly, the affinities of D3 receptors for quinpirole and dopamine were much higher than the affinities of D:! receptors for the agonists in the presence of Gpp(NH)p and NaCl when [1251]-NCQ-298 was used to label receptors; however, when Gpp(NH)p and NaCl were not present, and when [12sI]-7-OH-PIPAT was used, receptors bound quinpirole and dopamine with nearly equal affinities (Table 1)." SIGNOR-258435 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263842 USP37 protein Q86T82 UNIPROT CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21596315 t lperfetto "USP37 Binds, Deubiquitinates, and Stabilizes Cyclin A" SIGNOR-265052 "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR GADD45B protein O75293 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25675981 f lperfetto "The Integrator complex controls the termination of transcription at diverse classes of gene targets.|Following INTS3 or INTS9 knockdown, the levels of SDC4, JUNB, FOSL1, and GADD45B increased, suggesting that the Integrator complex negatively regulates the transcription of these genes." SIGNOR-261478 F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257033 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT SLC26A4 protein O43511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24429829 f miannu "We then examined the ability of STAT6 to bind each of the N4 GAS motifs in vivo with a site-specific ChIP assay, the results of which showed that STAT6 interacted with only the N4 GAS motif that was functionally implicated in increasing the activity of the pendrin promoter following IL-4 treatment." SIGNOR-255250 CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "BCR consists of a pair of identical immunoglob- ulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains. though membrane BCR per se is not able to transduce downstream signaling, it does so by making BCR complex with CD79. The extracellular portion of the BCR is non-covalently coupled to a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the CD79A and CD79B. This association allows expression of BCR on the plasma membrane and BCR internalization after antigen recognition." SIGNOR-268201 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser537 DNSMSVPsPTSATKT 10090 BTO:0000964 34048556 t lperfetto "Once an oocyte resumes meiosis, activated CDK1 and ERK1/2 cooperatively mediate the phosphorylation of three serine residues of PAPalpha, 537, 545 and 558, thereby leading to increased activity." SIGNOR-268341 FADS2 protein O95864 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267908 DSN1 protein Q9H410 UNIPROT "MIS12 complex" complex SIGNOR-C362 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27881301 t lperfetto "Human MIS12C (also known as MIND complex or Mtw1 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) contains the MIS12, PMF1, NSL1, and DSN1 subunits" SIGNOR-265189 DLL4 protein Q9NR61 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000574 11739188 t lperfetto "Expression analysis of known notch ligands suggests that dll4 is the only ligand that exhibits spatial and temporal expression consistent with the activation of notch1 and notch4 during vascular development. The identification of dll4 reveals a candidate ligand for notch receptors involved in blood vessel biology" SIGNOR-112649 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT PROZ protein P22891 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 28125048 t lperfetto "Gamma-carboxylation is essential in the activation and proper functioning of multiple VK-dependent proteins (VKDP), the most well-known of which are involved in blood clotting, including coagulation factors (FII, FVII, FIX and FX) and natural anti-clotting agents (protein C, protein S (ProS; OMIM*176880) and protein Z" SIGNOR-265926 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr57 NFDFVTEtPLEGDFA -1 12058028 t miannu "P38Œ± and JNK1 Phosphorylate p21 in Vitro at Thr57 and Ser130. These data suggest that phosphorylation at Thr57 is necessary for stabilization of p21." SIGNOR-250118 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR NFKBIB protein Q15653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0004055 10514424 t miannu "Interaction with beta-TrCP is also necessary for ubiquitination of IkappaBbeta upon stimulation of cells, and deletion of the F-box in beta-TrCP abolishes its ability to ubiquitinate IkappaBbeta. Therefore, these results indicate that beta-TrCP plays a critical role in the activation of NF-kappaB by assembling the ubiquitin ligase complex for both phosphorylated IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta.β-TrCP recognizes IκBα phosphorylated at Ser-32 and Ser-36 through its WD40 domain, whereas the F-box motif recruits additional proteins including Skp1 and Cullin to form the Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex" SIGNOR-272556 MMP12 protein P39900 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Ala20 VVGTAWTaDSGEGDF -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system. |Fibrinogen was subjected to MMP-cleavage, and the resulting fragments were isolated. The amino acid sequences were determined by automated Edman degradation.|MMP-12 20ADSGEGD a-chain| 540FVSETESRG a-chain|433LVTSKGDK a-chain" SIGNOR-263622 HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266446 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PNPT1 protein Q8TCS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser776 IVMGEPIsQSSSNSQ 9606 22815474 t miannu "We also demonstrated that DNAPK phosphorylates PNPase at Ser-776, which is critical for its ribonuclease activity." SIGNOR-263182 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 16571352 f lperfetto "Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts responded to Shh stimulation with the induction of Hh target genes Gli1, Ptc1, and Hip1.These observations support the previously advanced notion of a functional redundancy or cooperativity between Gli2 and Gli1 in activation of target genes [18] and [43] and indicate a functional cooperation between Gli3 and Gli1." SIGNOR-209620 S protein P59594 UNIPROT HSP90B1 protein P14625 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16940539 f miannu "Perturbation of the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes stress leading to the activation of cell signaling pathways known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) uses ER as a site for synthesis and processing of viral proteins. In this report, we demonstrate that infection with SARS-CoV induces the UPR in cultured cells. A comparison with M, E, and NSP6 proteins indicates that SARS-CoV spike (S) protein sufficiently induces transcriptional activation of several UPR effectors, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), GRP94, and C/EBP homologous protein." SIGNOR-260352 EPB41 protein P11171 UNIPROT NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23870127 t lperfetto "These results indicate that 4.1 proteins recruit NuMA and dynein to the anaphase cell cortex through their conserved CTD (Figure 2I)." SIGNOR-266012 WNK4 protein Q96J92 UNIPROT SLC12A3 protein P55017 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 22342722 f lperfetto "Evidences from early studies using Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells indicate that WNK4 inhibits NCC and PHAII-causing mutations relieve the inhibition" SIGNOR-264632 RAB23 protein Q9ULC3 UNIPROT GLIS2 protein Q9BZE0 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16364285 f gcesareni "Based on su(fu) function, we predict that rab23 can interact with all gli1 molecules including gli1, gli2 and gli3, and inhibit their transcriptional activities and nuclear localization." SIGNOR-143163 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 18001824 t gcesareni "Rnf8 can ubiquitylate histone h2a and h2ax," SIGNOR-159309 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr228 YPGGSDNyGSLSRVT 9606 BTO:0000017 14996911 t llicata "In A431 cells, epidermal growth factor induced striking p120 phosphorylation at Y228. Y228-phosphorylated p120 localized to adherens junctions and lamellipodia, and was significantly enhanced in cells around the colony periphery." SIGNOR-251092 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT "MLL/SET subcomplex" complex SIGNOR-C87 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000946 20085832 t miannu "Chromodomain, helicase, DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme that has been demonstrated to exist within a large protein complex which includes WDR5, Ash2L, and RbBP5, members of the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) histone modifying complexes. CHD8 forms a complex with the core WDR5/Ash2L/RbBP5 complex. CHD8 is required for recruitment of the WAR complex" SIGNOR-268807 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR AQP5 protein P55064 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser156 STDSRRTsPVGSPAL 9606 BTO:0000007 26569106 t lperfetto "AQP5 can be directly phosphorylated by PKA at Ser 156 |Our data hint at a mechanism whereby phosphorylation of Ser 156 in AQP5 increases its membrane localization, thereby enhancing cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-272087 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr59 EGYDELQtDGNRSSH 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-250786 EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT EGLN1 protein Q9GZT9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 29530922 t miannu "DAP5 is involved in PHD2 translation. Distinct responses to DAP5 depletion (under hypoxia) of primary MEFs versus malignant glioma cells suggest that DAP5-mediated control of PHD2 may have special significance in cancer. Neoplastic cells may exploit DAP5 for managing chronic oxygen deprivation, possibly contributing to their adaptation to growth/proliferation under hypoxia." SIGNOR-266386 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr570 VRREVGDyGQLHETE 9606 BTO:0000007 15143187 t "JAK2 is autophosphorylated on tyrosines 221 and 1007. tyrosines 221 and 570 in JAK2 may serve as regulatory sites in JAK2, with phosphorylation of tyrosine 221 increasing kinase activity and phosphorylation of tyrosine 570 decreasing kinase activity" SIGNOR-251359 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CC2D1A protein Q6P1N0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 PASTPTYsPAPTQPA 20171170 t nucleus lperfetto "We identified the Ser208 residue of Aki1 as a cyclin B1–Cdk1 phosphorylation site. Furthermore, cyclin B1–Cdk1 inhibitor treatment was shown to attenuate the level of Aki1 in complex with Scc1, suggesting that Aki1 phosphorylation by cyclin B1–Cdk1 contributes to Aki1–Scc1 complex formation." SIGNOR-268296 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr200 IARYVPStPWFLMPI 9606 15805466 t llicata "Inactivation is due to phosphorylation of tif-ia by c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) at a single threonine residue (thr 200). Phosphorylation at thr 200 impairs the interaction of tif-ia with pol i and the tbp-containing factor tif-ib/sl1, thereby abrogating initiation complex formation." SIGNOR-134878 AURKAIP1 protein Q9NWT8 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261461 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser47 DGPGLERsPGEPGGA 9606 20027304 t "This phosphorylation increased sirt1 nuclear localization" gcesareni "Human sirt1 was phosphorylated by jnk1 on three sites: ser27, ser47, and thr530 and this phosphorylation of sirt1 increased its nuclear localization and enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, jnk1 phosphorylation of sirt1 showed substrate specificity resulting in deacetylation of histone h3, but not p53." SIGNOR-162318 HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15861399 t miannu "The unliganded AR resides predominately in the cytoplasm as a heteromeric complex with hsp90 and other chaperone proteins. These chaperone proteins maintain AR in a form that is receptive to ligand binding. Regulation of gene expression by androgen-activated AR occurs through receptor nuclear translocation, dimerization, and binding to androgen response elements (AREs) in the DNA of target genes." SIGNOR-251535 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp1405 CPGYPETdHGLFEDP 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Like other dependence receptors, ptc1 contains a dependence-as-associated receptor c-terminal motif that is cleaved by caspases at a conserved aspartic acid (asp 1392) in the absence of shh, to expose a proapoptotic domain." SIGNOR-256437 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser370 KKTIVNDsRESCVEE 9606 23277204 t "Three phosphorylation sites identified are Ser342, Ser367, and Ser403. In the present study, we identify protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) as a negative regulator in the p53 signaling pathway. PP1 directly interacts with Mdmx and specifically dephosphorylates Mdmx at Ser367. The dephosphorylation of Mdmx increases its stability and thereby inhibits p53 activity." SIGNOR-248577 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 11062067 t lperfetto "Here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1)." SIGNOR-83729 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254843 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270711 COX8A protein P10176 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267753 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser472 RPHFPQFsYSASGRE 9606 BTO:0001544 19261608 t "The Abl kinase inhibitors and depletion of Bcr-Abl induced the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, which dephosphorylated Ser-473 on Akt1, -2, and -3, resulting in inhibited proliferation of CML cells.|Thus, Bcr-Abl represses the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 and continuously activates Akt1, -2, and -3 via phosphorylation on Ser-473, resulting in the proliferation of CML cells." SIGNOR-248330 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9580552 t miannu "The binding of hsp90 to enos enhances the activation of enos." SIGNOR-57211 "abiraterone acetate" chemical CHEBI:68639 ChEBI CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205573 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser305 SSTSISGsLFDKRRL 9606 20032307 t llicata "Autophosphorylation probably plays a role in the process of centriole duplication, because mimicking s305 phosphorylation enhances the ability of overexpressed plk4 to induce centriole amplification. Importantly, we show that s305-phosphorylated plk4 is specifically sequestered at the centrosome contrary to the nonphosphorylated form." SIGNOR-162559 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 12588998 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "Additionally, active akt1 kinase strongly phosphorylates histone h3 at serine 10 in vitro" SIGNOR-244275 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 LKHVTQSsRKLIRAD 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129264 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 12519765 t lperfetto "Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1), a HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with inhibitory Smad7 and induces translocation of Smad7 to the cytoplasm" SIGNOR-253260 NEFH protein P12036 UNIPROT "Neurofilament bundle assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH72 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 8376466 f miannu "Neurofilaments (NFs), composed of three distinct subunits NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H, are neuron-specific intermediate filaments present in most mature neurons." SIGNOR-252390 PDK2 protein Q15119 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser293 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS -1 7782287 t gcesareni "Mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase (?2_2) (e1) is regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, catalyzed by the e1-kinase and the phospho-e1-phosphatase." SIGNOR-33137 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 19836242 f "Because c-CBL’s activation is achieved via tyrosine phosphorylation, we tested the effect of DEP-1 on modification of a major site of phosphorylation, namely tyro- sine 731. Upon DEP-1 overexpression, c-CBL displayed reduced phosphorylation on this site compared to control cells (Figure 7B). This result offers a mechanism by which DEP-1 affects EGFR trafficking: by dephosphorylating EGFR, and possibly also SRC family kinases involved in phosphoryla- tion of c-CBL [31, 32], DEP-1 reduces activation of c-CBL and its recruitment to the activated EGFR, hence inhibiting subsequent receptor internalization and degradation." SIGNOR-248839 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser80 PPNPEDRsPSPEPIY 9606 23175611 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q15637-2" gcesareni "Sf1 is phosphorylated on serines 80 and 82 in vitro and in vivo. Kis can phosphorylate sf1f on serine 80 and 82 with a high efficiency that particularly relies on the anchoring of its uhm domain to sf1. Serine phosphorylation of a conserved ser80-pro81-ser82-pro83 motif rigidifies a long unstructured linker in the sf1 helix hairpin and slightly enhances rna binding." SIGNOR-199793 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 8402896 t "GRB2 binds BCR-ABL with SH2 domain" gcesareni "We demonstrate that bcr-abl exists in a complex with grb-2 in vivo. Binding of grb-2 to bcr-abl is mediated by the direct interaction of the grb-2 sh2 domain with a phosphorylated tyrosine, y177, within the bcr first exon." SIGNOR-39049 SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 19896409 f lperfetto "BMPs first bind to and activate their transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors, which in turn phosphorylate the transcription factors Smad1/5/8 at its two C-terminal serines (SVS). Phosphorylated Smad1Cter binds to Smad4 (co-Smad) and translocates and accumulates in the nucleus, activating BMP-responsive genes (Fig. 2) [21] and [22], such as BMP4/7 and others." SIGNOR-248842 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH17 protein Q12864 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265834 ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9010225 t gcesareni "Our results are in agreement with previous report showing that abi-1, the putative mouse homologue of e3b1, is a abl binding protein" SIGNOR-45994 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser365 IVDQRPSsRASSRAS 9606 16474210 t lperfetto "We previously showed that follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) promoted phosphorylation of cx43 in rat primary granulosa cells. We further identified ser365, ser368, ser369, and ser373 in the carboxy-terminal tail as the major sites of phosphorylation by fsh, and found that the phosphorylation of these residues was essential for channel activity." SIGNOR-144461 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Ala657 MVGGVVIaTVIVITL -1 10605825 t lperfetto "In this work, we used a sensitive in vitro method of detection to investigate the role of cathepasin D in the proteolytic processing of a 100-amino acid C-terminal fragment (C100) inclusive of βA4 and cytoplasmic domain of APP. Digestion of C100 with cathepsin D resulted in cleavage at the amyloidogenic γ-cleavage sites. This occurred preferentially at Thr43–Val44 and at Ala42–Thr43, generating full length βA4 43 and βA4 42 amyloid peptides, respectively. Cathepsin D was also found to cleave the substrate at the following nonamyloidogenic sites; Leu34–Met35, Thr48–Leu49 and Leu49–Val50. A high concentration of cathepsin D resulted in cleavage also occurring at Phe19–Phe20, Phe20–Ala21 and Phe93–Phe94 of the C100, suggesting that these sites are somewhat less sensitive to the action of cathepsin D." SIGNOR-261738 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr309 SDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248630 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT GP6 protein Q9HCN6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001549 12359731 f miannu "Deletion analyses and site-directed mutagenesis identified Sp1(227), GATA(177), and Ets(48) sites as essential for GPVI expression. We show that transcription factors GATA-1, Fli-1, and Sp1 can bind to and activate this promoter." SIGNOR-254159 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR RGCC protein Q9H4X1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr111 ALLSATVtPQKAKLG 9606 BTO:0001685 11687586 t miannu "RGC-32 was physically associated with cyclin-dependent kinase p34CDC2 and increased the kinase activity in vivo and in vitro. In addition, RGC-32 was phosphorylated by p34CDC2-cyclin B1 in vitro. Mutation of RGC-32 protein at Thr-91 prevented the p34CDC2-mediated phosphorylation and resulted in loss of p34CDC2 kinase enhancing activity." SIGNOR-262725 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9922370 t gcesareni "The jip proteins function by aggregating components of a map kinase module (including mlk, mkk7, and jnk) and facilitate signal transmission by the protein kinase cascade. Overexpression of jip1 deactivates the jnk pathway selectively by cytoplasmic retention of jnk and thereby inhibits gene expression mediated by jnk, which occurs in the nucleus" SIGNOR-64175 "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 26083061 t lperfetto "Respiratory chain complexes I–III depend on Fe-S clusters for function" SIGNOR-262135 SGTA protein O43765 UNIPROT BAG6 protein P46379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24424410 t miannu "USP13 and gp78 control ubiquitination of Ubl4A.These data suggest that USP13 and gp78 play antagonizing roles in regulation of Ubl4A ubiquitination: While gp78 assembles ubiquitin chains on Ubl4A, USP13 antagonizes this activity to limit Ubl4A ubiquitination.Ubiquitination of Ubl4A preferentially occurs on Lys48. We identify the Bag6 cofactor Ubl4A as a shared substrate of gp78 and USP13. USP13 depletion is associated with hyper-ubiquitination of Ubl4A and altered interaction between the Bag6 complex and its co-chaperone SGTA. Because the interaction of Ubl4A with SGTA is mediated by positively-charged residues in Ubl4A including Lys48 (Chartron et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2012), which happens to be the major ubiquitination site, the simplest model to explain reduced Bag6-SGTA interaction in USP13 knockdown cells is that ubiquitin conjugates on Ubl4A sterically hinder SGTA binding." SIGNOR-272859 GDF11 protein O95390 UNIPROT ACVR2B protein Q13705 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 16845371 t acerquone "The identity of the receptors that mediate gdf11 signalling during embryogenesis remains unclear. gdf11 could only bind directly to acvr2b but not to any type i receptor" SIGNOR-147940 SMN1 protein Q16637 UNIPROT "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12065586 t lperfetto "SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex that also contains Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6. The SMN complex functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and probably other ribonucleoprotein particles. We have identified a novel protein component of the SMN complex termed Gemin7 using native purified SMN complexes and peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-253115 "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "Another central component of the NMDA receptor signaling complex is the scaffold protein PSD-95 (also referred to as SAP-90). The first and second PDZ domains bind tightly to the tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor" SIGNOR-264222 CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr177 DPGSVLStACGTPGY 8253780 t llicata "Human calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I: cDNA cloning, domain structure and activation by phosphorylation at threonine-177 by calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I kinase." SIGNOR-250717 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1462 GLRPRGYtISDSAPS 9606 12150915 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that tuberin is phosphorylated on s939 and t1462 in response to pi3k activation. Our results are consistent with akt being the pi3k-depen-dent tuberin kinase. The pi3k-akt-mediated phosphorylation of tuberin would inhibit the function of the tuberin-hamartin complex." SIGNOR-91045 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 24737791 t lperfetto "The signaling mechanism utilizes an adaptor protein, shc, which binds to a phosphotyrosine residue on the il-2/15r?, Resulting in activation of grb2 and onto akt via the shc-grb2-gab2-pi3k-akt signaling pathway to increase cell proliferation and/or survival" SIGNOR-236236 USP1 protein O94782 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C302 18082604 t lperfetto "The deubiquitinating enzyme USP1 controls the cellular levels of the DNA damage response protein Ub-FANCD2|The level of monoubiquitinated FANCD2 protein increases in response to various types of DNA damage in mammalian cells" SIGNOR-263273 N protein P59595 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 14623261 t Luana "The transcription factors c-Fos, FosB, CREB-1, and ATF2 were all activated by the addition of SARS-CoV N protein to the sample well" SIGNOR-260727 POLR2G protein P62487 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266165 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr8 MTAKMETtFYDDALN 9606 BTO:0000848 21177766 t lperfetto "P21-activated protein kinase (pak2)-mediated c-jun phosphorylation at 5 threonine sites promotes cell transformationour data showed that pak2 binds and phosphorylates c-jun at five threonine sites (thr2, thr8, thr89, thr93 and thr286)" SIGNOR-170768 Shikonin chemical CHEBI:81068 ChEBI PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000093;BTO:0000018 21516121 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Shikonin and its analogs inhibit cancer cell glycolysis by targeting tumor pyruvate kinase-M2. |Shikonin and alkannin are potent inhibitors of recombinant human PKM2|Shikonin and alkannin significantly inhibited the glycolytic rate, as manifested by cellular lactate production and glucose consumption in drug-sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MCF-7/Adr, MCF-7/Bcl-2, MCF-7/Bcl-x(L) and A549) that primarily express PKM2." SIGNOR-270289 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT FAP protein Q12884 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20646316 f miannu "Individual genes upregulated by TWIST1 known to promote EMT and/or GBM invasion included SNAI2, MMP2, HGF, FAP and FN1." SIGNOR-255523 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ZNHIT1 protein O43257 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr103 AEGPNYLtACAGPPS 9606 17380123 t llicata "Our results indicate that p38 mapk plays an important role in the regulation of p18hamlet half?life. In particular, p38 mapk activation is required for the accumulation of p18hamlet induced by dna damage?inducing Agents such as uv. We also showed that several sites that are phosphorylated by p38? In vitro are also important for p18hamlet protein stability in cells. the high conservation of thr103 as a phosphorylation site in p18hamlet proteins from different species (figure 1a), together with the in vitro phosphorylation experiments, suggested that this residue could be an important target for p38 mapk" SIGNOR-153899 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser274 RSKSQSSsNCSNPIS -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251291 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 10090 10092522 t "Hck is one member of the Src-family PTKs that is able to phosphorylate Cbl. Upon enzymatic activation of Hck either by pharmacological agents or genetic mutation, Cbl becomes tyrosine phosphorylated." SIGNOR-251262 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 17139329 f fferrentino "C/EBPα induces many adipocyte genes directly, and in vivo studies indicate an important role for this factor in the development of adipose tissue." SIGNOR-132946 ILF3 protein Q12906 UNIPROT NF90-NF45 complex SIGNOR-C443 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 18458058 t miannu "Nuclear factor 90 (NF90) and its C-terminally extended isoform, NF110, have been isolated as DNA- and RNA-binding proteins together with the less-studied protein NF45. These complexes have been implicated in gene regulation, but little is known about their cellular roles and whether they are redundant or functionally distinct. We show that heterodimeric core complexes, NF90-NF45 and NF110-NF45, exist within larger complexes that are more labile and contain multiple NF90/110 isoforms and additional proteins. This study identified NF45 as an unstable regulatory subunit of NF90-NF45 complexes and uncovered their critical role in normal cell division. Furthermore, the study revealed that NF90 is functionally distinct from NF110 and is more important for cell growth." SIGNOR-268488 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SLC4A4 protein Q9Y6R1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1026 KKKKKKGsLDSDNDD 10090 11744745 t miannu "Ser(982) in the C-terminus of kNBC1 is a target for PKA phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Ser(982) in the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter kNBC1 shifts the HCO(3)(-) : Na(+) stoichiometry from 3 : 1 to 2 : 1 in murine proximal tubule cells Replacing Ser(982) at the C-terminus consensus PKA phosphorylation site with alanine resulted in a failure of PKA to phosphorylate the transporter and induce a stoichiometry shift." SIGNOR-263158 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT DEAF1 protein O75398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 29636529 t Gianni "We show that MeCP2 enhances Deaf1 binding to its HTR1A site and co-immunoprecipitates with Deaf1 in cells and brain tissue.To address the role of MeCP2 in HTR1A regulation in vivo, mice with conditional knockout of MeCP2 in adult 5-HT neurons (MeCP2 cKO) were generated. These mice exhibited increased 5-HT1A autoreceptor levels and function, consistent with MeCP2 enhancement of Deaf1 repression in 5-HT neurons." SIGNOR-269063 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser19 EVCDERTsLMSAESP -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250799 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser199 PRPEHTKsVYTRSVI 10116 18586681 t "Both sites were dephosphorylated with the same kinetics; the anti-Ser(P)198 antibody was subsequently used as it exhibited lower background staining. Direct comparison of PP2Cα with purified PP1 and PP2A lead us to conclude that at the same molar ratio PP2Cα was the most efficient in dephosphorylating PAK1 (Fig. 1D). In this case we monitored two autophosphorylation sites in the Pak1 N-terminal regulatory region (Ser57 and Ser198/203) using phosphospecific antibodies: both sites showed the same kinetics of inactivation." SIGNOR-248642 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BAIAP2L1 protein Q9UHR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr274 SNVVRKDyDTLSKCS -1 21840312 t miannu "Here, we report that overexpression of IRTKS increases the speed of wound closure of HT1080 cells in a Src-dependent manner. Active Src phosphorylates IRTKS in vivo and in vitro. Deletion mapping and mutation analysis revealed that six tyrosine residues (Y37, Y156, Y163, Y274, Y293 and Y439) were Src-stimulated phosphorylation sites on IRTKS. Disruption of Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation abolished the effect of IRTKS on wound closure. Collectively, these data suggest Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation is essential for its function in cell motility." SIGNOR-263039 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18482992 t lpetrilli "Upon complex formation with pten, ppm1a is protected from degradation induced by the tgf-? Signaling. this study establishes a novel role for nuclear pten in the stabilization of ppm1a." SIGNOR-178643 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr66 LHQEDNDyINASLIK -1 11506178 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 66, 152 and/or 153 of PTP1B are phosphorylated by the activated insulin receptor and are also necessary for formation of the PTP1B:insulin receptor complex| Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of PTP1B by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase increases the catalytic activity of PTP1B" SIGNOR-249370 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser698 PEWPRRAsCTSSTSG -1 2117608 t llicata "With all four peptides, prior phosphorylation significantly stimulated phosphorylation by casein kinase I. From these results, we propose that there are substrates for casein kinase I for which prior phosphorylation is a critical determinant of protein kinase action." SIGNOR-250883 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr485 GGLSDGPySNPYENS 12441334 t "JAK2 in turn phosphorylates several tyrosine residues on the EpoR-cytosolic domain and probably on JAK2 itself that serve as docking sites for SH2 or protein tyrosine binding domains of downstream signal transduction proteins such as STAT5, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, and tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2" SIGNOR-251353 tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29168 ChEBI Gln-tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29166 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270393 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 19279133 t flangone "Here, we show that Smad2/3, the downstream effectors of Activin/Nodal signalling, bind and directly control the activity of the Nanog gene in hESCs." SIGNOR-242055 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr10 DVEDGEEtCALASHS 9606 BTO:0000567 12748192 t lperfetto "Ckbbp1 is phosphorylated in vivo and threonine to alanine mutation at residue 10 abrogates the phosphorylation of ckbbp1 observed in vivo, indicating that ckii is a major kinase that is responsible for in vivo phosphorylation of ckbbp1. As compared with the wild-type ckbbp1 or ckbbp1t10e (in which threonine 10 is replaced by glutamate), overexpression of nonphosphorylatable ckbbp1 (ckbbp1t10a) results in accumulation of ikappabalpha and p27kip1." SIGNOR-101187 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259046 NSD1 protein Q96L73 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates methylation Lys221 LLCDKVQkEDIEVYF 9606 SIGNOR-C13 20080798 t miannu "Fbxl11 and nsd1 have opposite effects on nf-kb; both bind to p65 subunit after activation of nf-kb. / nsd1 activates nf-kb and reverses the inhibitory effect of fbxl11 / these data confirm that fbxl11 and nsd1 constitute an enzyme pair that methylates and demethylates p65 on k218 and 221 in response to cytokine stimulation." SIGNOR-163458 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1230 RHSLAARyYNWVSFP 9606 BTO:0000394 12881528 t lperfetto "Trans-phosphorylation of activated, dimerized receptor tyrosine kinases is known to be critical for the regulation of kinase activity and for receptor interaction with signal transduction molecules. In this study, we have identified five tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in the vegfr-3 carboxyl-terminal tail." SIGNOR-104072 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 11163210 t miannu "Smad7 Recruits Smurf2 to the TGFβ Receptor Complex. Here, we identify Smurf2, a C2-WW-HECT domain ubiquitin ligase and show that Smurf2 associates constitutively with Smad7. Smurf2 is nuclear, but binding to Smad7 induces export and recruitment to the activated TGF beta receptor, where it causes degradation of receptors and Smad7 via proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. " SIGNOR-272938 MMP12 protein P39900 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu433 REYHTEKlVTSKGDK -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system. |Fibrinogen was subjected to MMP-cleavage, and the resulting fragments were isolated. The amino acid sequences were determined by automated Edman degradation.|MMP-12 20ADSGEGD a-chain| 540FVSETESRG a-chain|433LVTSKGDK a-chain" SIGNOR-263624 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA 9606 BTO:0000567 10669763 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the map kinase sites in bcl-2, thr56, thr74, and ser87, is sufficient to inhibit tnf--induced degradation. p44mapk/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) and p42 mapk/erk2 are activated by il-3, colocalize with mitochondrial bcl2, and can directly phosphorylate bcl2 on ser-70 in a stauro-resistant manner both_ in vitro_ and_ in vivo." SIGNOR-74919 CAP1 protein Q01518 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 30894654 f lperfetto "In HeLa and metastatic breast cancer cells, depletion of CAP1 leads to activation of FAK and enhanced cell adhesion" SIGNOR-264824 GPR183 protein P32249 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256858 MRPL10 protein Q7Z7H8 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262383 LDHB protein P07195 UNIPROT (S)-lactate smallmolecule CHEBI:16651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24929216 t lperfetto "Glucose and alanine produce pyruvate which is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm without oxygen consumption. Lactate removal takes place via its oxidation to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase." SIGNOR-267657 citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-267100 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr34 MIRRRRPtPAMLFRL 10604473 t miannu "DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phospho-protein, relative molecular mass 32,000) is converted into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) at threonine 34.‚ " SIGNOR-250031 ASXL3 protein Q9C0F0 UNIPROT THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000972 25450400 t miannu "We determined that ASXL3 depletion augments the ligand-induced transcriptional activities of LXRα and TRβ, which were repressed by ASXL3 overexpression. The ligand-dependent interactions of ASXL3 with LXRα and TRβ were demonstrated by the GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation analyses. We confirmed that ASXL3 suppresses the expression of LXRα target genes through its recruitment to the LXR-response elements." SIGNOR-266766 ATIC protein P31939 UNIPROT (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The last two steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the bifunctional AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC). The transformylase domain of the enzyme first catalyzes the conversion of AICAR to formylaminoimida zole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) using the N10-formyltetrahydrofolate. Then, the cyclohydrolase domain closes the purine ring to form IMP." SIGNOR-267326 RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT MXD1 protein Q05195 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser145 IERIRMDsIGSTVSS 9606 18451027 t lperfetto "In this study, we showed that mad1 is a substrate of p90 ribosomal kinase (rsk) and p70 s6 kinase (s6k). Both rsk and s6k phosphorylate serine 145 of mad1 upon serum or insulin stimulation. Ser-145 phosphorylation of mad1 accelerates the ubiquitination and degradation of mad1 through the 26s proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-178594 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267450 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259206 "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR Spindle_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH60 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18007590 f lperfetto "Based on our results, we propose that the cooperative action of CENP-A NAC/CAD subunits and the KMN network drives efficient chromosome segregation and bipolar spindle assembly during mitosis." SIGNOR-265214 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 21902831 f gcesareni "Chen et al. showed that phosphorylated creb is present at high levels in cells of the dermomyotome that express pax3, myod and myf5 and that this phosphorylation is critical for the induction of these genes." SIGNOR-176539 ADCYAP1 protein P18509 UNIPROT ADCYAP1R1 protein P41586 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8703026 t gcesareni "Type i pacap receptors bind pacap-27 and -38. the potencies of the two forms of pacap are similar for adenylate cyclase stimulation, whereas pacap-38 is more potent than pacap-27 in phospholipase c activation." SIGNOR-43225 GABRA3 protein P34903 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263756 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11498022 t gcesareni "Aps couples c-cbl to theinsulinreceptor, resulting in ubiquitination of theinsulinreceptor" SIGNOR-109688 "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003104 12808052 t lperfetto "The critical cytoplasmic regions of the alphaL/beta2 integrin in Rap1-induced adhesion and migration|Rap1 is a potent inside-out signal that increases LFA-1 adhesive activity." SIGNOR-253364 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t lperfetto "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo." SIGNOR-244655 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT CBFB protein Q13951 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004475 19825991 f miannu "Gene expression arrays identified components of the PU.1-dependent transcriptome negatively regulated by GATA-1 in MEL cells, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpa) and core-binding factor, beta subunit (Cbfb), which encode two key hematopoietic transcription factors." SIGNOR-254190 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ORAI1 protein Q96D31 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser30 TTSGSRRsRRRSGDG 9606 20534587 t llicata "We propose that pkc suppresses soce and crac channel function by phosphorylation of orai1 at n-terminal serine residues ser-27 and ser-30." SIGNOR-166044 MYO1C protein O00159 UNIPROT "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-268820 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GRB14 protein Q14449 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 MHPYQGRsGCSSQSI -1 28130417 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of clustered serine residues in the N-terminus of BPS domain negatively regulates formation of the complex between human Grb14 and insulin receptor| In vitro kinase assay using the motif-derived peptides showed that the serine residues located in N-terminal (Ser358, Ser362 and Ser366) and C-terminal (Ser419 and Ser423) regions of the BPS domain were phosphorylated by GSK-3." SIGNOR-264868 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 14585074 t "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" amattioni "Bax and/or bak-mediated release of pro-apoptotic mediators including smac/diablo and omi" SIGNOR-88590 N protein P59595 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 14623261 t Luana "The transcription factors c-Fos, FosB, CREB-1, and ATF2 were all activated by the addition of SARS-CoV N protein to the sample well" SIGNOR-260729 alectinib chemical CHEBI:90936 ChEBI ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190961 PAC-1 chemical CID:6851947 PUBCHEM CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-198535 VPS4A protein Q9UN37 UNIPROT CHMP2A protein O43633 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 30989108 t Giorgia "Here, we show, using high-speed atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy, that the AAA-type adenosine triphosphatase VPS4 constricts and cleaves ESCRT-III CHMP2A-CHMP3 helical filaments in vitro. Our results demonstrate that VPS4 actively constricts ESCRT-III filaments and cleaves them before their complete disassembly. We propose that the formation of ESCRT-III dome-like end caps by VPS4 within a membrane neck structure constricts the membrane to set the stage for membrane fission." SIGNOR-260846 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT VDR protein P11473 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 18485278 f miannu "We have shown here that the transcriptional repressor protein SLUG inhibits the expression of VDR in human breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-255178 chloramphenicol chemical CHEBI:17698 ChEBI MT-CO1 protein P00395 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002552 23148581 t Monia "Chloramphenicol treatment suppressed mitochondria translation of mtDNA-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox I) in H1299 cell." SIGNOR-261068 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ADP-ribosylation -1 11739745 t lperfetto "Tankyrase 1 ADP-ribosylates TRF1, inhibiting its binding to telomeric DNA." SIGNOR-263377 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PLD1 protein Q13393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser505 GSVKRVTsGPSLGSL 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 20231899 t lperfetto "Ampk-wild type (wt) stimulates pld activity, while ampk-dominant negative (dn) inhibits it. Ampk regulates pld1 activity through phosphorylation of the ser-505 and this phosphorylation is increased by the presence of amp." SIGNOR-216643 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 19759537 t gcesareni "Both tankyrase isoforms interact with a highly conserved domain of axin and stimulate its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-188036 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17446862 t gcesareni "The anti-apoptotic proteins bcl-2 and bcl-x(l) bind and inhibit beclin-1, an essential mediator of autophagy." SIGNOR-154480 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT ERCC6L protein Q2NKX8 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 17218258 t lperfetto "Human pich was identified as an interaction partner and substrate of plk1. Our data indicate that plk1 prevents the association of pich with chromosome arms and restricts its localization to the kt/centromere region" SIGNOR-152136 IC-87114 chemical CHEBI:90686 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252662 naltrexone chemical CHEBI:7465 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258946 PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001951 18048767 f miannu "Activation of PPAR-delta upregulated the expression of antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and thioredoxin and decreased reactive oxygen species production in ECs." SIGNOR-255053 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser260 NMGLNPSsPNDPVTN 9606 16551633 t gcesareni "Under stress conditions, hyperphosphorylated by activated jnk on ser-56, ser-70, thr-82 and ser-260. These findings indicate that inflammation-mediated cell signaling leads to rapid and profound reductions in nuclear rxralpha levels, via a multistep, jnk-dependent mechanism involving ser260, nuclear export, and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-145301 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RBL1 protein P28749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr369 KRSFAPStPLTGRRY 9606 BTO:0001938 12006580 t llicata "Here we assessed the effects of alanine substitution at the individual or combined Cdk4(6)-specific sites in p130, compared with homologous sites in p107 (Thr(369)/Ser(650)/Ser(964)). In U-2-OS cells, the triple p107(DeltaCdk4)* mutant strongly inhibited E2F-4 activity and imposed a G(1) arrest resistant to cyclin D1 coexpression. " SIGNOR-250765 CTDSPL2 protein Q05D32 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 20932329 f "Indirect:regulation of transcription" miannu "CTD small phosphatase like 2 (CTDSPL2) can increase ε- and γ-globin gene expression in K562 cells and CD34+ cells derived from umbilical cord blood." SIGNOR-251777 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t gcesareni "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-187184 SET protein Q01105 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21806989 t miannu "Here we report that both the amino terminal fragment (i(2ntf);aa 1-175) and the carboxy terminal fragment (i(2ctf);aa 176-277) of i(2)(pp2a) inhibit pp2a by binding to its catalytic subunit pp2ac" SIGNOR-175722 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser389 LKEAEEEsSGGEEED 9606 18649047 t gcesareni "We find that eif5 is associated with ck2 when the kinase activity is at the highest level in vivo, and is phosphorylated at ser389 and ser390 by ck2." SIGNOR-179542 Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24816100 t miannu "The activation of ubiquitin by the ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1 (E1) constitutes the first step in the covalent modification of target proteins with ubiquitin. This activation is a three-step process in which ubiquitin is adenylated at its C-terminal glycine, followed by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a catalytic cysteine residue of Uba1 and the subsequent adenylation of a second ubiquitin." SIGNOR-270834 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11154267 t lperfetto "Overexpression of p16INK4a in cells with functional pRb results in inhibition of both Cdk4- and Cdk6-associated kinase activity and pRb phosphorylation, with subsequent cell cycle arrest (46, 50). In addition, inhibition of D cyclin-Cdk4 complex formation by p16INK4a prevents sequestration of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 by these complexes in early G1, leading to suppression of cyclin E-Cdk2 activity" SIGNOR-245459 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC20 protein Q16777 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHKA 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271754 ASXL3 protein Q9C0F0 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000972 25450400 t miannu "Here, we showed that ASXL3 interacts with HP1α and LSD1, leading to transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-266763 EXOC7 protein Q9UPT5 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270790 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT OCLN protein Q16625 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr404 HYETDYTtGGESCDE 9606 12804768 t llicata "Mutagenesis of serine 407 to alanine resulted in reduced ability of the kinase to phosphorylate occludin. The threonine 403 to alanine mutant had a smaller effect but the double mutant (T403/S407A) was even less phosphorylated than either of the single mutants. These data are consistent with the claim that CK2 is the kinase in brain extracts responsible for phosphorylation of occludin." SIGNOR-251080 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr529 TPGSRSRtPSLPTPP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249323 S protein P59594 UNIPROT ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31226023 f miannu "Activation of the ATF6 pathway by HCoV infection is less studied, and most studies have relied on indirect methods, such as luciferase reporter, due to the lack of a specific antibody. No ATF6 cleavage was detected in cells infected with SARS-CoV, and overexpression of SARSCoV S protein failed to activate ATF6 luciferase reporter." SIGNOR-260349 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr44 SGASTGIyEALELRD 9606 24841372 t lperfetto "The present finding suggested that the tyrosine residue at position 44 in chicken alpha-enolase is the phosphorylation site by the tyrosine kinase. Our data suggest that eno1 was upregulated by caga protein through activating the src and mek/erk signal pathways" SIGNOR-205092 LTB4R protein Q15722 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256970 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 GPGQVMAsQAQQSSP 9606 20471956 t lperfetto "Atm mediates phosphorylation of p300 in response to dna damageexpression of nonphosphorylatable serine to alanine form of p300 (s106a) destabilized both p300 and nbs1 proteins, after dna damage" SIGNOR-165567 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16888650 t gcesareni "The present study shows that the GC receptor is part of a TCR-linked multiprotein complex containing heat-shock protein (HSP)90, LCK and FYN, which is essential for TCR-dependent LCK/FYN activation." SIGNOR-251685 PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10604473 t miannu "DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phospho-protein, relative molecular mass 32,000) is converted into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) at threonine 34.‚ " SIGNOR-264959 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser180 PGSSAPNsPMAMLTL 10841026 t lperfetto "More interestingly, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of MITF at Ser 73 is essential for MITF ubiquitinilation and degradation (87). Putting together all these findings, it can be proposed that MAPK activation inhibits melanogenesis due to an increased MITF degradation which is dependent on the MAPK-induced MITF phosphorylation and ubiquitinilation. In summary, although the phosphorylation of MITF at Ser73 increases its intrinsic transcriptional activity, this phosphorylation also targets MITF to the proteasome for its degradation. Consequently, the decrease in MITF levels leads to a down-regulation of melanogenic enzymes expression and to an inhibition of melanogenesis." SIGNOR-249620 RFXANK protein O14593 UNIPROT "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 10825209 t miannu "RFXANK and RFXAP bind to each other and form a heterodimer (step 1) that subsequently interacts with RFX5 Upon binding, the conformation of RFX5 changes (step 2) in a way that enables the RFX complex to bind to DNA (step 3) and to recruit other proteins that are required for the transcription of MHC II genes" SIGNOR-221571 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys17 GLGKGGAkRHRKVLR 9606 16227571 t miannu "We describe a stable, multisubunit human histone acetyltransferase complex (hMSL) that contains homologs of the Drosophila dosage compensation proteins MOF, MSL1, MSL2, and MSL3. This complex shows strong specificity for histone H4 lysine 16 in chromatin in vitro, and RNA interference-mediated knockdown experiments reveal that it is responsible for the majority of H4 acetylation at lysine 16 in the cell." SIGNOR-263944 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269319 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr580 YIEDEDYyKASVTRL 10116 11337490 t "Inhibition of the catalytic activity of cell adhesion kinase beta by protein-tyrosine phosphatase-PEST-mediated dephosphorylation|CAKbeta was found to be a substrate for PTP-PEST. Both the major autophosphorylation site of CAKbeta (Tyr(402)) and activation loop tyrosine residues, Tyr(579) and Tyr(580), were targeted for dephosphorylation by PTP-PEST. Dephosphorylation of CAKbeta by PTP-PEST dramatically inhibited CAKbeta kinase activity." SIGNOR-248664 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SCNN1B protein P51168 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 11805112 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Using a number of different approaches it was demonstrated that the protein kinase acting on betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 is the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). It is suggested that an ERK-mediated phosphorylation of betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 down-regulates the channel by facilitating its interaction with Nedd4." SIGNOR-270163 ATAD5 protein Q96QE3 UNIPROT BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31875566 t miannu "ATAD5 Interacts with BRD4 through a Conserved BET Protein-Binding Domain. BRD4-ATAD5 binds to acetyl-histones in nascent chromatin. BRD4 release from chromatin correlates with PCNA unloading. Disruption of the interaction between BRD4 and acetyl-histones or between BRD4 and ATAD5 reduces the PCNA amount on chromatin." SIGNOR-266412 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000459 18621737 t amattioni "c-IAPs are ubiquitin ligases capable of promoting polymerization of non-degradative Lys-63-linked polyubiquitin chains on the critical adapter in the canonical NF-_B signaling pathway, RIP1. c-IAPs are E3 ligases and RIP1 ubiquitination is critical for propagation of TNF_-induced NF-_B activation" SIGNOR-179439 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 BTO:0000298 7839144 t Luana "Two human MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) were cloned that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase." SIGNOR-260723 4-[4-(2-fluorophenyl)phenyl]-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanamide chemical CHEBI:92949 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15362850 t gcesareni "In steady-state kinetics experiments, cmpd1 was observed to prevent the p38alpha-dependent phosphorylation (k(i)(app) = 330 nm) of the splice variant of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (mk2a) that contains a docking domain for p38alpha and p38beta" SIGNOR-128864 ZBP1 protein Q9H171 UNIPROT RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 32200799 t gianni "ZBP1 initiates RIPK3-driven cell death by sensing IAV RNA and activating RIPK3. Here, we show that replicating IAV generates Z-RNAs, which activate ZBP1 in the nucleus of infected cells. ZBP1 then initiates RIPK3-mediated MLKL activation in the nucleus, resulting in nuclear envelope disruption, leakage of DNA into the cytosol, and eventual necroptosis." SIGNOR-266430 TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253860 Cell-Cell_contact stimulus SIGNOR-ST13 SIGNOR STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22683405 f milica "In response to growth inhibitory signal (e.g. cell–cell contact), MST1/2 in active form phosphorylates LATS1/2 that sequentially phosphorylates YAP at Ser-127." SIGNOR-230696 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT TCF7 protein P36402 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 15735151 t gcesareni "Activated dvl binds and inhibits the phosphorylation of beta catenin by gsk3beta/alfa, blocking beta catenin degradation (fig 2?2),), so that beta catenin accumulates and translocates to the nucleus, where it interacts with the t cell specific factor (tcf)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (lef-1) transcription factor and induces the transcription of target genes such as c-jun, c-myc, and cyclin d1" SIGNOR-134282 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 8266081 t miannu "Inhibition of transcriptional regulator Yin-Yang-1 by association with c-Myc.Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) regulates the transcription of many genes, including the oncogenes c-fos and c-myc. Depending on the context, YY1 acts as a transcriptional repressor, a transcriptional activator, or a transcriptional initiator. In cotransfections, c-Myc inhibits both the repressor and the activator functions of YY1, which suggests that one way c-Myc acts is by modulating the activity of YY1." SIGNOR-268794 RRAGD protein Q9NQL2 UNIPROT RAGBD complex SIGNOR-C116 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "Mammals express four Rag proteins€”RagA, RagB, RagC, and RagD€”that form heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB with RagC or RagD. RagA and RagB, like RagC and RagD, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-228182 COLGALT1 protein Q8NBJ5 UNIPROT COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation -1 19075007 t "Recombinant GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 enzymes showed a strong galactosyltransferase activity toward various types of collagen and toward the serum mannose-binding lectin MBL, which contains a collagen domain. Amino acid analysis of the products of GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 reactions confirmed the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine residues." SIGNOR-261153 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT UBA52 protein P62987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270825 NRCAM protein Q92823 UNIPROT ANK1 protein P16157 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266721 TGFA protein P01135 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000584 16585207 t "Transforming growth factor alpha expression drives constitutive epidermal growth factor receptor pathway activation and sensitivity to gefitinib (Iressa) in human pancreatic cancer cell lines" gcesareni "Our data indicate that a subset of cell lines is dependent on TGF-_-mediated activation of the EGFR for cell proliferation and strongly suggest that pancreatic tumors expressing high levels of TGF-_ and phosphorylated (activated) EGFR are EGFR-dependent in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-93199 LTB4R2 protein Q9NPC1 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256674 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15632071 f fspada "Constitutive expression of both gata-2 and gata-3 suppressed adipocyte differentiation, partially through direct binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) promoter and suppression of its basal activity" SIGNOR-132955 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser54 RVKALPLsPRKRLGD 9606 9889196 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of mammalian cdc6 by cyclin a/cdk2 regulates its subcellular localization/based on our data we suggest that the phosphorylation of cdc6 by cyclin a/cdk2 is a negative regulatory event that could be implicated in preventing re-replication during s phase and g2." SIGNOR-217328 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 8266081 t miannu "Inhibition of transcriptional regulator Yin-Yang-1 by association with c-Myc.Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) regulates the transcription of many genes, including the oncogenes c-fos and c-myc. Depending on the context, YY1 acts as a transcriptional repressor, a transcriptional activator, or a transcriptional initiator. In cotransfections, c-Myc inhibits both the repressor and the activator functions of YY1, which suggests that one way c-Myc acts is by modulating the activity of YY1." SIGNOR-268795 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser408 SIKSEPIsPPRDRMT 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 12586839 t lperfetto "A p38 mapk-induced phosphopeptide with no mapk consensus the phosphorylation site is identified as ser-408" SIGNOR-98224 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CEACAM1 protein P13688 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr520 LTATEIIySEVKKQ 9606 BTO:0000007 9867848 t lperfetto "Recent reports have also suggested that Bgp1 behaves as a signal transduction molecule. Several physiological events promote the Tyr phosphorylation of Bgp1 on one or two Tyr residues within its cytoplasmic domain (Tyr-488 and Tyr-515). BGP becomes Tyr-phosphorylated by Src-like Tyr kinases in activated neutrophils (24) and in human colon carcinoma cellsWe have recently shown that Tyr phosphorylation of the mouse Bgp1 cytoplasmic domain in CT51 mouse colonic carcinoma cells led to its binding to the protein-Tyr phosphatase SHP-1 and that this event required the presence of both Tyr-488 and Tyr-515" SIGNOR-246475 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258291 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 12239347 t miannu "We now show that the chaperone-binding ubiquitin ligase CHIP efficiently ubiquitinates and down-regulates ErbB2. CHIP expression shortens the half-life of both nascent and mature ErbB2 protein. In vitro ubiquitination assay shows that CHIP serves as a ubiquitin ligase for ErbB2, and both exogenously expressed and endogenous CHIP coprecipitate with the kinase. " SIGNOR-272586 DEF6 protein Q9H4E7 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 18976935 t lperfetto "Furthermore, membrane targeting of the SLAT Dbl-homology (catalytic) domain was sufficient to trigger TCR-mediated NFAT activation and Th1 and Th2 differentiation in a Cdc42-dependent manner." SIGNOR-253369 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRID2 protein O43424 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 27586965 t miannu "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its biological activity through a variety of receptors. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are divided into two major classes on the basis of the mechanism by which they relay their signal: the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated cation channels, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that are G protein-coupled receptors" SIGNOR-264469 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-[(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)thio]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one chemical CHEBI:94732 ChEBI MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 18922779 t "BI-78D3 is substrate competitive." gcesareni "Bi-78d3, dose-dependently inhibits the phosphorylation of jnk substrates both in vitro and in cell." SIGNOR-181650 SYP protein P08247 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_recycling phenotype SIGNOR-PH161 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 33769286 f miannu "This study reveals that Syp has a single physiological role in SV recycling, the accurate trafficking, and retrieval of SybII." SIGNOR-264111 IL18 protein Q14116 UNIPROT IL18R1 protein Q13478 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9792649 t gcesareni "Acpl was required for il-18 responsiveness in terms of nf?B Induction and jnk activation" SIGNOR-60991 43S_pre_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C453 SIGNOR 48S_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C454 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269167 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000298 8974401 t lperfetto "A MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), termed ASK1, was identified that activated two different subgroups of MAP kinase kinases (MAPKK), SEK1 (or MKK4) and MKK3/MAPKK6 (or MKK6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK, also known as JNK; c-Jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subgroups of MAP kinases, respectively." SIGNOR-236116 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZSWIM2 protein Q8NEG5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270950 IQSEC2 protein Q5JU85 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 27009485 f miannu "These data demonstrate that the reduction of BRAG1 results in a reduction of synaptic transmission. Together with the data showing that overexpression of BRAG1 enhances synaptic transmission, these data highlight the role of BRAG1 in the bidirectional regulation of synaptic transmission." SIGNOR-264905 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 14982881 f "We report here that the Flt3-ITD interferes with the transcriptional and biologic action of the PLZF transcriptional repressor. In the presence of Flt3-ITD, PLZF-SMRT interaction was reduced, transcriptional repression by PLZF was inhibited, and PLZF-mediated growth suppression of leukemia cells was partially blocked. Furthermore, overexpression of Flt3-ITD led to a partial relocalization of SMRT protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-261538 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR FBXW8 protein Q8N3Y1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser85 DVASRSRsPLAREGA 10090 BTO:0002572 23142081 t miannu "MTORC2 stabilizes Fbw8 by phosphorylation at Ser86" SIGNOR-271940 "tyrphostin B42" chemical CHEBI:131968 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 11368440 t gcesareni "The Janus kinase inhibitor, tyrphostine AG490, inhibits STAT3 activation, STAT3 DNA binding, and IL-2Ralpha mRNA and protein expression in parallel" SIGNOR-238293 ZSTK-474 chemical CHEBI:90545 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207941 ATP8B1 protein O43520 UNIPROT ATP2B2 protein Q01814 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000630 19478059 f lperfetto "Consequently ATP8B1 deficiency, with a secondary disturbance of membrane lipid asymmetry, likely inhibits PMCA2 activity and affects the efficiency of mechanotransduction." SIGNOR-262584 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC21 protein Q8IUE6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHKP 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271758 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser251 GKLGGQDsFESIESY BTO:0003637 12475968 t llicata "Increased Transactivation of the GM-CSF Promoter/Enhancer by Ets1 with Mutated CaMK II Sites | Significantly, phosphorylation of Ets1 by Ca2+-dependent pathways is thought to inhibit DNA binding in vitro. To analyze the role of these four serines, S251, S257, S282, and S285, in transcription, we constructed three mutant derivatives of human Ets1 " SIGNOR-250684 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. Each receptor has two binding sites for glycine and two binding sites for glutamate" SIGNOR-264128 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr66 LHQEDNDyINASLIK 9606 9355745 t llicata "After binding to egfr, ptp1b becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated at tyr-66 phosphorylation of ptp1b by egfr enhances its catalytic activity" SIGNOR-52950 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 17151142 f "[...] TNF-alpha is critical for p38 activation during the early stages of myoblast differentiation" SIGNOR-253600 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser175 EEEEDLSsPPGLPEP 9606 14697653 t lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-120467 "denileukin diftitox" smallmolecule SID:125240988 ChEBI IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15757436 t miannu "Denileukin diftitox (DAB389IL-2; Ontak) is a novel recombinant fusion protein approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It consists of fragments of diphtheria toxin linked to human interleukin-2 and works by targeting the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expressed on malignant cells. " SIGNOR-259393 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253432 GNGT1 protein P63211 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-252686 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser332 TDSATIVsPPPSSPP 9606 8087847 t lperfetto "Association of e2f with rb inhibits its transactivation potential. phosphorylation of e2f-1 on serine residues 332 and 337 prevented its interaction with rbthese residues were phosphorylated in vivo and by p34cdc2 kinase in vitro." SIGNOR-36022 RELN protein P78509 UNIPROT VLDLR protein P98155 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278667 t gcesareni "The hypothesis that the vldl receptor signals in response to reelin binding was recently supported by studies (37) showing direct binding of reelin to the vldl receptor and changes in tyrosine phosphorylation in response to reelin-vldl receptor association." SIGNOR-106295 TARS1 protein P26639 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25824639 t miannu "Here we show, using X-ray crystal structures and functional analyses, that a single molecule of borrelidin simultaneously occupies four distinct subsites within the catalytic domain of bacterial and human ThrRSs. These include the three substrate-binding sites for amino acid, ATP and tRNA associated with aminoacylation, and a fourth 'orthogonal' subsite created as a consequence of binding." SIGNOR-270504 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12573484 f gcesareni "Physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids increase cellular cyp2c9 (and cyp3a5) but also car, rxr and pxr levels via a gr-mediated mechanism" SIGNOR-98102 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000785 12185581 t gcesareni "Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (alk), which turned out to be one of these phosphoproteins, was constitutively activated and associated with the ptb domain of shcc in three neuroblastoma cells. In vitro kinase assay revealed that shcc is a potent substrate of the activated alk kinase. The alk gene locus was significantly amplified in both of these cell lines, suggesting that gene amplification leads to constitutive activation of the alk kinase, which results in hyperphosphorylation of shcc." SIGNOR-91537 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_block phenotype SIGNOR-PH10 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 increased foxo3's ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-217881 "Galanthamine hydrobromide" chemical CID:121587 PUBCHEM ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192583 TRIM13 protein O60858 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21333377 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of RFP2 in cells induced apoptosis through proteasomal degradation of MDM2 and AKT.  We observed that RFP2 formed a complex with MDM2, a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, and AKT, a regulator of apoptosis inhibition at the cellular level. Additionally, we found that the interaction of RFP2 with MDM2 and AKT resulted in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of MDM2 and AKT in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-271852 AP2M1 protein Q96CW1 UNIPROT SLC24A2 protein Q9UI40 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C245 23431067 t miannu " we report that the first tyrosine motif of NCKX2 interacts with AP2M1 and that the interaction is required for endocytosis of NCKX2 from the dendritic surface. Furthermore, we show that a Src family kinase (SFK) modulates the endocytosis of NCKX2 by tyrosine-phosphorylation of the AP-2 recognition motif in NCKX2." SIGNOR-264388 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27545880 f irozzo "GATA-2 phosphorylation facilitates GATA-2 chromatin occupancy at GATA-2 target genes. GATA-2 stimulates GATA2 transcription through positive autoregulation" SIGNOR-256090 chloroquine chemical CHEBI:3638 ChEBI ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 32020029 t miannu "Chloroquine is known to block virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, as well as interfering with the glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV. Our time-of-addition assay demonstrated that chloroquine functioned at both entry, and at post-entry stages of the 2019-nCoV infection in Vero E6 cells" SIGNOR-260223 DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264598 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002417 32454942 f miannu "IL-1β, an inflammatory cytokine primarily expressed in activated macrophages, monocytes, and microglia, significantly contributes to MS development. IL-1β promotes differentiation of T cells into Th17 cells via the STAT3 pathway and thereby promotes and aggravates the inflammatory environment in the CNS" SIGNOR-263820 "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253278 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr32 QNHFVDEyDPTIEDS 9606 BTO:0000007 25157176 t "Src binds to and phosphorylates GTP-, but not GDP-, loaded Ras on a conserved Y32 residue within the switch I region in vitro and that in vivo, Ras-Y32 phosphorylation markedly reduces the binding to effector Raf and concomitantly increases binding to GTPase-activating proteins and the rate of GTP hydrolysis" SIGNOR-252093 IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001103 21798082 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated irs then acts as docking site to recruit and activate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k) which phosphorylates membrane phospholipids, generating phosphoinositide-3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) from phosphoinositide-4,5-biphosphate (pip2)." SIGNOR-175668 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7569975 f "andrea cerquone perpetuini" "Here it is shown that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone induces the transcription of the IKBc gene, which results in an increased rate of IKBa protein synthesis" SIGNOR-255688 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one smallmolecule CHEBI:16330 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 15861399 t miannu "Testosterone is the predominant circulating androgen in mammals and is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5α-reductase in certain tissues of the male urogenital tract, skin, and other target cells. DHT binds with highest affinity to AR and together with testosterone promotes AR transcriptional activity thereby ensuring the development and maintenance of male reproductive functions." SIGNOR-251533 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001874 17251190 t Regulation miannu "The paired domain of Pax6 interacts with the MH1 domain of Smad3. Smad3 prevents Pax6 paired domain from binding DNA" SIGNOR-251875 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT KCND2 protein Q9NZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 EGDDRPEsPEYSGGN 10116 BTO:0000601 11080179 t miannu "We determined that the Kv4.2 C-terminal cytoplasmic domain is an effective ERK2 substrate, and that it is phosphorylated at three sites: Thr(602), Thr(607), and Ser(616). Phosphorylation of the Kv4.2 channel by ERK during LTP induction may lead to increased excitability and membrane depolarization of neurons, which would increase the magnitude of the calcium influx and the probability of triggering LTP." SIGNOR-262934 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57880 ChEBI "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17526 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269097 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7592815 t "We have identified by two-hybrid interaction a new human gene family encoding PP2A B subunits. This family, denoted B56, contains three distinct genes, one of which is differentially spliced." SIGNOR-268155 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 12821652 t miannu "Mutations of the 5' or 3' half-sites of the response element totally abrogated PPARgamma binding and transcriptional activation, identifying this site as a novel type of functional PPARgamma response element. Finally, ectopic expression of Rev-Erbalpha in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes potentiated adipocyte differentiation induced by the PPARgamma ligand rosiglitazone. These results identify Rev-Erbalpha as a target gene of PPARgamma in adipose tissue and demonstrate a role for this nuclear receptor as a promoter of adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-268022 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Met-tRNA(Met) chemical CHEBI:16635 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269504 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr67 LSILSGGtPKRCLDL 9606 10037602 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-48, thr-67, ser-122, thr-130, ser-168 and ser-214 occurs at g2 and g2-m transition and is catalyzed by cdk1. Ser-168 phosphorylation levels are lower than those at the other 5 cdk1 sites. Phosphorylation by cdk1 leads to increased activity." SIGNOR-64968 MCHR1 protein Q99705 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257235 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT ELMO1 protein Q92556 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr511 SKLQNLSyTEILKIR 9606 15952790 t llicata "We previously showed that elmo1 binds directly to the hck sh3 domain and is phosphorylated by hck. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify the following sites of elmo1 phosphorylation: tyr 18, tyr 216, tyr 511, tyr 395, and tyr 720. Mutant forms of elmo1 lacking these sites were defective in their ability to promote phagocytosis and migration in fibroblasts." SIGNOR-138154 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation SeR80 AVPEASAsPKQRRSI 9606 BTO:0000007 19820693 t Luana "Here, we identify the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) as a kinase that binds MeCP2 and phosphorylates it at Ser 80 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-264549 ELP3 protein Q9H9T3 UNIPROT "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28601220 t miannu "Elongator is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex consisting of two sets of six Elp proteins, while homologues of its catalytic subunit Elp3 are found in all the kingdoms of life. Although it was originally described as a transcription elongation factor, cumulating evidence suggests that its primary function is catalyzing tRNA modifications. In humans, defects in Elongator subunits are associated with neurological disorders and cancer." SIGNOR-269710 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269779 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258711 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser594 HKAAVPAsEKLLLLK 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129328 BLLF1 protein P03200 UNIPROT CR2 protein P20023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 18786993 t scontino "The binding of the Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein gp350 by complement receptor type 2 (CR2) is critical for viral attachment to B lymphocytes." SIGNOR-266624 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr573 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9534 BTO:0001538 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219353 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr398 ARVKEEGyELPYNPA 10029 BTO:0000246 11551902 t "Insulin receptor-mediated p62dok tyrosine phosphorylation at residues 362 and 398. p62(dok) is a direct substrate for the IR tyrosine kinase and that phosphorylation at Tyr(362) and Tyr(398) plays an essential role for p62(dok) to interact with its effectors and negatively regulate the insulin signaling pathway." SIGNOR-251308 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr56 FSSQPGHtPHPAASR 9606 10766756 t gcesareni "Using synthetic peptides and mutant cell lines, we identified threonine 56, one of two consensus sites for cdc2 within the bcl-2 sequence, as a residue phosphorylated by cdc2. Mutation at threonine 56 abrogated the cell cycle inhibitory effect of bcl-2 without affecting anti-apoptotic function.Taken together, our present findings indicate that phosphorylation of bcl-2 at threonine 56 by cdc2 is required for bcl-2-mediated cell cycle inhibition, which may have some roles during mitosis in the normal cell cycle." SIGNOR-76837 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser286 SSMSSCGsSGYFSSS 9606 22017877 t llicata "Phosphorylation of all three serine residues in the deptor degron (ser286, ser287, and ser291) is necessary for - and directly mediates - the interaction with _trcp. ck1 phosphorylated the degron of deptor, as shown by western blotting with the phospho-specific antibody (fig. S3e-f). In contrast, mtor alone was unable to induce phosphorylation of deptor on ser286, ser287, and ser291." SIGNOR-176871 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser142 AGNSAPNsPMAMLHI 9606 BTO:0000007 22343943 t "Here, we have used an mTORC1 in-vitro kinase assay and a phosphoantibody to demonstrate that serine S142, which we previously found to be phosphorylated by ERK2, is also phosphorylated by mTOR and that this phosphorylation has a crucial role in controlling TFEB subcellular localization and activity." SIGNOR-255310 PML protein P29590 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15356634 t gcesareni "Cytoplasmic pml physically interacts with smad2/3 and sara (smad anchor for receptor activation) and is required for association of smad2/3 with sara and for the accumulation of sara and tgf-beta receptor in the early endosome." SIGNOR-128741 LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT SUN2 protein Q9UH99 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 16380439 t Sara "In the case of Sun2, there is some evidence that A-type lamins might contribute to Sun2 localization in the INM. We report that an interaction between subunits of the HOPS complex and the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) proteins is required for the delivery of EGF receptor (EGFR) to lysosomes. Inhibiting either ERM proteins or the HOPS complex leads to the accumulation of the EGFR into early endosomes, delaying its degradation." SIGNOR-261310 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269249 MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257260 DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205603 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 6153132 f lperfetto "The human and rat OT promoters could be stimulated by the ligand-activated estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, the thyroid hormone receptor THRapha, and the retinoic acid receptors RARalpha and RARbeta in a variety of cells (3, 477, 478). However, it is important to note that these results were obtained from cotransfection experiments in cell lines, i.e., under nonphysiological circumstances." SIGNOR-268548 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20740684 t "Accumulated Runx2 suppressed Notch1 transcriptional activity by dissociating the Notch1-IC-RBP-Jk complex" gcesareni "Runx2 is an inhibitor of the notch1 signaling pathway during normal osteoblast differentiation. The n-terminal domain of runx2 was crucial to the binding and inhibition of the the n-terminus of the notch1 intracellular domain." SIGNOR-167627 BACE2 protein Q9Y5Z0 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe709 ENPTYKFfEQMQN 9606 10931940 t lperfetto "BACE2, a beta -secretase homolog, cleaves at the beta site and within the amyloid-beta region of the amyloid-beta precursor protein.|Figure 6 Preferred BACE1 and BACE2 cleavage sites. (A) Sequence of APP indicating α- and β-cleavage sites, BACE1- and BACE2-cleavage sites, and the location of mutations analyzed here. APP numbering is that of the 770-aa isoform." SIGNOR-261779 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser175 EEEEDLSsPPGLPEP 9606 14697653 t lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-120451 BRD9 protein Q9H8M2 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269787 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11062068 t gcesareni "Here we have shown that mkp-1 associates directly with p38 map kinase both in vivo and in vitro, and that this interaction enhances the catalytic activity of mkp-1. The point mutation asp-316-->asn in the c-terminus of p38, analogous to the erk2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 2) sevenmaker mutation, dramatically decreases its binding to mkp-1 and substantially compromises its stimulatory effect on the catalytic activity of this phosphatase." SIGNOR-83752 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10488065 t gcesareni "Edg-3 and edg-5 couple not only to gibut also to gqand g13." SIGNOR-70710 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257634 ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser384 RLLAALEvASAAMAK 9606 20643644 t Manara "We show that ULK3 autophosphorylation occurs at four serine residues (Ser-300, Ser-350, Ser-384, and Ser-464) situated outside of the KD | Thus, autophosphorylation of ULK3 may involve conformational changes resulted in exposure of CTD to KD and consequently in generation of the catalytically active kinase." SIGNOR-260795 SLIT1 protein O75093 UNIPROT GPC1 protein P35052 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 10364234 t gcesareni "Slit family proteins are functional ligands of glypican-1 in nervous tissue and suggest that their interactions may be critical for certain stages of central nervous system histogenesis." SIGNOR-68327 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser364 LQSPITTsPSC 9606 10617468 t lperfetto "Mkp-1 was a target in vivo and in vitro for p42(mapk) or p44(mapk), which phosphorylates mkp-1 on two carboxyl-terminal serine residues, serine 359 and serine 364. This phosphorylation did not modify mkp-1's intrinsic ability to dephosphorylate p44(mapk) but led to stabilization of the protein." SIGNOR-73633 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269241 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0002923 23255093 t lperfetto "Transfection of the cells with sirna specific for jnk1 revealed that jnk silencing reduced serine727 phosphorylation of stat3," SIGNOR-235704 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161577 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr261 LVDSIAKtRDAGCRP 9606 8974401 t lperfetto "A map kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk), termed ask1, was identified that activated two different subs of map kinase kinases (mapkk), sek1 (or mkk4) and mkk3/mapkk6 (or mkk6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (sapk, also known as jnk;c-jun amino-terminal kinase)" SIGNOR-45373 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser370 TRQTPVDsPDDTALS -1 11733037 t miannu "In vitro phosphorylation and activation of p70β by mTOR and PDK1. replacement of Ser383 to Gly (S383G) reduced but still retained nearly half of the kinase activity of the wild-type." SIGNOR-250293 PAPOLB protein Q9NRJ5 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 19224921 t lperfetto "Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation|In addition to CPSF, IRBIT interacted in vitro with poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is the enzyme recruited by CPSF to elongate the poly(A) tail, and inhibited PAP activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268328 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18498746 t gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylates two members of the bh3-only sub of bcl2-related proteins (bim and bmf)." SIGNOR-178686 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR INF2 protein Q27J81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys636 EITFLDAkKSLNLNI 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272802 CDR2 protein Q01850 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 20383333 t lperfetto "Here we find that cdr2 is cell cycle regulated in tumor cells with protein levels peaking in mitosis. As cells exit mitosis, cdr2 is ubiquitinated by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and rapidly degraded by the proteasome. Previously we showed that cdr2 binds to the oncogene c-myc, and here we extend this observation to show that cdr2 and c-myc interact to synergistically regulate c-myc-dependent transcription during passage through mitosis." SIGNOR-252000 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser372 PSPEPSMsPKMHRRR -1 12361598 t miannu "GST-tagged recombinant CP110 (GST-wt) was robustly phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2 (Figure 2A). Expression of a mutant derivative of CP110 refractory to CDK phosphorylation provokes marked polyploidy. We localized the majority (nine of ten) of potential CDK2 phosphorylation sites in CP110 to an amino-terminal fragment (GST-ΔN1; Figure 1B)" SIGNOR-265962 DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21876184 t lperfetto "Human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was previously thought to be the only enzyme capable of the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate; an essential reaction necessary to ensure a continuous supply of biologically active folate." SIGNOR-268258 SDHD protein O14521 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II" complex SIGNOR-C278 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex II (EC 1.3.5.1) or succinate dehydrogenase (quinone) is shared between the TCA cycle and the ETC and has no proton pumping activity. It is composed of four nDNA-encoded subunits. The two hydrophilic catalytic subunits are SDHA/SDH1 and SDHB/SDH2. Hydrophobic subunits SDHC/SDH3 and SDHD/SDH4 constitute the cII membrane anchor, containing a haem b group and two CoQ binding sites" SIGNOR-262187 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16606617 t irozzo "We also show that ASXL1 associates specifically with SRC-1 and cooperates synergistically in the transcriptional activation.Therefore, both the ability to bind SRC-1 and the autonomous activation of ASXL1 are required for its coactivator function. Further data indicated that the transactivation domain (AD; amino acids 300–655) of ASXL1, newly defined in this study, interacts with the C-terminal AD2 (amino acids 1217–1441) of SRC-1, suggesting that one AD cooperates with the other AD in transcriptional activation by RAR." SIGNOR-255924 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 10195903 t "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-248529 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1097 SMIRTGEtPTKKRGI 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104695 ADCY6 protein O43306 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265001 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1654 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120004 DHRS9 protein Q9BPW9 UNIPROT retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS11" SIGNOR-265117 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21133840 t "simone vumbaca" "RIP-1 recruitment of MEKK-3 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)-activated kinase (TAK1) subsequently activates the IKK (inhibitor of Œ∫B kinase) complex" SIGNOR-256022 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser518 PSTSKAVsPPHLDGP 9606 BTO:0000551 16873060 t gcesareni "Here we show that ck2 regulates pml protein levels by promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation dependent on direct phosphorylation at ser517." SIGNOR-148306 CyclinA2/CDK18 complex SIGNOR-C547 SIGNOR AQP2 protein P41181 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser261 RQSVELHsPQSLPRG 9606 BTO:0000007 32164329 t lperfetto "CDK18 controls AQP2 through phosphorylation at serine 261 and STUB1-mediated ubiquitination. |We had previously observed that a decrease in the phosphorylation of AQP2 at S261 is associated with a decrease in its poly-ubiquitination and an increase in its abundance" SIGNOR-273438 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser137 PVSSPQSsPRLPRRP 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-197945 ATG7 protein O95352 UNIPROT ATG12 protein O94817 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18704115 t gcesareni "Analogous to ubiquitination, atg12 is conjugated to atg5 by atg7--an e1-like protein--and atg10--an e2-like protein." SIGNOR-180132 "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations." SIGNOR-272837 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-183648 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MUS81 protein Q96NY9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 RLQRHRTsGGDHAPD 9606 BTO:0000007 29850896 t miannu "Here, we show that the CK2 kinase phosphorylates MUS81 at Serine 87 in late-G2/mitosis, and upon mild replication stress. Phosphorylated MUS81 interacts with SLX4, and this association promotes the function of the MUS81 complex. " SIGNOR-273626 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PHF8 protein Q9UPP1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser854 DAEYIYPsLESDDDD 9606 BTO:0000567 33010150 t miannu " The CK2 kinase is responsible for PHF8 phosphorylation at Ser854. PHF8 is phosphorylated by CK2, which regulates binding of PHF8 to TopBP1. The Ser854 residue of PHF8 is required for its interaction with TopBP1." SIGNOR-273628 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RIOK1 protein Q9BRS2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr410 MEIASQRtKEERSSQ 9606 BTO:0000007 29384474 t miannu "Casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates RIOK1 at T410, which stabilizes RIOK1 by antagonizing K411 methylation and impeding the recruitment of FBXO6 to RIOK1. " SIGNOR-273630 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SERINC3 protein Q13530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 ILGDTTTsGASDEED -1 30135209 t miannu "The two serines within the PSAC of Serinc3 are phosphorylated by casein kinase II and mediate interaction with the μ subunits in vitro." SIGNOR-273631 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191481 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr167 NKDYHLQtCCGSLAY 9606 16216881 t fstefani "Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that thr167 and ser171, located between the dfg and ape motifs in the activation loop or t-loop, need to be autophosphorylated for melk to be active as a protein kinase (fig. 5). These sites are conserved in all other ampk-related protein kinases (fig. 4a), and the site corresponding to thr167 has been shown to be phosphorylated by protein kinase lkb1 (5)." SIGNOR-141038 MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257067 ERRFI1 protein Q9UJM3 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 18046415 t "The cytoplasmic protein MIG6 (mitogen-induced gene 6; also known as ERRFI1) interacts with and inhibits the kinase domains of EGFR and ERBB2" SIGNOR-252077 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNB2 protein Q08289 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser514 SAPIRSAsQAEEEPS 10441130 t miannu "Voltage-dependent L-type calcium (Ca) channels are heteromultimeric proteins that are regulated through phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) Mutagenesis of a single residue at Ser459 resulted in the loss of one site of phosphorylation by PKA, and mutagenesis of two residues at Ser478/479 resulted in the loss of approximately two sites of PKA-mediated phosphorylation" SIGNOR-249714 SGI-1776 chemical CID:24795070 PUBCHEM PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-259435 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0004296 21037234 f irozzo "In conclusion, AMPK stimulates HO-1 gene expression in human ECs via the Nrf2/antioxidant responsive element signaling pathway. The induction of HO-1 mediates the antiapoptotic effect of AMPK, and this may provide an important adaptive response to preserve EC viability during periods of metabolic stress." SIGNOR-256302 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257017 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257917 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser552 QDTQRRTsMGGTQQQ 9606 17287208 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by akt promotes beta-catenin transcriptional activity|we have demonstrated that akt phosphorylates beta-catenin at ser552 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-252499 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-256541 MAJIN protein Q3KP22 UNIPROT "TTM complex" complex SIGNOR-C305 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30718482 t lperfetto "Meiotic specific proteins TERB1, TERB2, and MAJIN form a stable complex that plays a critical role in regulating the recruitment of telomeres to the NE" SIGNOR-263303 (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18608 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10720211 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in the folate cycle and contributes to the metabolism of the amino acid homocysteine. It catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, thus generating the active form of folate required for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine." SIGNOR-268230 NASP protein P49321 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001370 29733298 t miannu "SNASP inhibits TLR4-induced NF-κB activation through TRAF6.Reciprocal immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses confirmed that endogenous sNASP binds to TRAF6 in human monocyte cell line THP-1 (Figure 1B).Here, we show that somatic nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (sNASP) binds to TRAF6 to prevent TRAF6 autoubiquitination in unstimulated macrophages. Following LPS stimulation, a complex consisting of sNASP, TRAF6, IRAK4, and casein kinase 2 (CK2) is formed. CK2 phosphorylates sNASP at serine 158, allowing sNASP to dissociate from TRAF6. Free TRAF6 is then autoubiquitinated, followed by activation of downstream signaling pathways." SIGNOR-273655 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 17671233 f irozzo "C/EBPα binds and activates the PU.1 distal enhancer to induce monocyte lineage commitment.Transcriptional induction of PU.1 by C/EBPα may play a role in myeloid lineage specification." SIGNOR-256055 "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C323 SIGNOR Transcritpional_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH205 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15623580 f lperfetto "All these studies indicate the possibility that disruption of nucleosomes can take place independently of replication and can be coupled with transcription.The exchange of core histones on mitotic chromatin at anaphase and telophase observed by FRAP may reflect the replacement of a subset of nucleosomes in genome regions that are transcriptionally reactivated in the earliest parts of the new cell cycle. This interpretation is consistent with evidence of chromatin remodeling and chromatin association with RNA pol II at the anaphase–telophase transition (Fig. 9; Prasanth et al., 2003). In situ incorporation of Br-U for 5 min at the same stage showed little labeling outside of NORs (Fig. 9), suggesting that the majority of transcription is yet to commence at this point. The replacement of core histones conceivably precedes transcription to allow the clearance of promoter regions for factors to engage." SIGNOR-273456 4-[[(2S)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-3-[4-methyl-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-pyridinone chemical CHEBI:91454 ChEBI INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190446 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM4E protein B2RXH2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273459 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI UTY protein O14607 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273460 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273462 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI HR protein O43593 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273463 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SCAMP1 protein O15126 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr37 VPPGLDEyNPFSDSR -1 9658162 t miannu "In our efforts to identify cellular tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate SCAMPs, we are quite intrigued by the observation that among a number of kinases, only the EGFR exhibits activity toward SCAMPs. EGF catalyzes the progressive phosphorylation of the SCAMPs up to 1 h poststimulation and may enhance colocalization of the EGFR and SCAMP3 within the cell interior. EGF also induces SCAMP-EGFR association, as detected by coimmunoprecipitation, and phosphorylation of SCAMP3 is stimulated by the EGFR in vitro. These results suggest that phosphorylation of SCAMPs, either directly or indirectly, may be functionally linked to the internalization/down-regulation of the EGFR. we have observed that there are two tyrosines conserved in SCAMP1 and SCAMP3, which are not found in SCAMP2. Of these two tyrosines (Tyr37 and Tyr73 in SCAMP1; Tyr 41 and Tyr83 in SCAMP3), we consider Tyr37/41 to be a more likely site for tyrosine phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262857 HK3 protein P52790 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266457 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273476 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19767751 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates nup50 at ser221 and ser315 erk phosphorylation of the fg repeat region of nup50 reduced its affinity for importin-beta family proteins, importin-beta and transportin." SIGNOR-270041 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267452 FASLG protein P48023 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14965271 t lperfetto "Fas (CD95) is activated by its natural ligand FasL" SIGNOR-216292 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 8355 10775268 f lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that the closely related acetyltransferases p300 and cbp potentiate beta-catenin-mediated activation of the siamois promoter" SIGNOR-76984 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259006 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser237 GDIKPYSsSDREFLK 9534 BTO:0004055 29703898 t lperfetto "Here we report TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) as a key activator of alphaTAT1. TAK1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates alphaTAT1 at Ser237 to critically enhance its catalytic activity" SIGNOR-272243 CDH22 protein Q9UJ99 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265860 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT ELMO1 protein Q92556 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr395 AKHHQDAyIRIVLEN 9606 15952790 t llicata "We previously showed that elmo1 binds directly to the hck sh3 domain and is phosphorylated by hck. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify the following sites of elmo1 phosphorylation: tyr 18, tyr 216, tyr 511, tyr 395, and tyr 720. Mutant forms of elmo1 lacking these sites were defective in their ability to promote phagocytosis and migration in fibroblasts." SIGNOR-138150 FANCF protein Q9NPI8 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263242 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser768 LQARRRQsVLNLMTH 9606 19095655 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates CFTR¬†in vitro¬†at two essential serines (Ser737and Ser768) in the R domain, formerly identified as ""inhibitory"" PKA sites.|Interestingly two of these sites, namely Ser737 and Ser768, have been identified as “inhibitory” R domain sites, i.e. when mutated to alanines they augment the open probability of CFTR relative to wild type|Our present results suggest that it might be AMPK rather than PKA that is phosphorylating Ser737 and Ser768 under baseline conditions" SIGNOR-72708 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser86 TKNGLPGsRPGSPER 9606 21658600 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that gsk-3 phosphorylates serine 86 of the p53-acetyltransferase tip60. A tip60(s86a) mutant was less active to induce p53 k120 acetylation, histone 4 acetylation, and expression of puma" SIGNOR-174049 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11909979 t gcesareni "Msk1 and msk2 directly phosphorilate and activate transcription factors such as creb1, atf1." SIGNOR-116252 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PI4KB protein Q9UBF8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser294 SNLKRTAsNPKVENE 9606 16912074 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q9UBF8-2" gcesareni "Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to pi4kiiibeta involved the pkd phosphorylation site ser294, evident from reduced 14-3-3 binding to a s294a pi4kiiibeta mutant. Phospho-specific binding of 14-3-3 proteins to phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase iii beta protects from dephosphorylation and stabilizes lipid kinase activity." SIGNOR-148876 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PCYT1A protein P49585 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763 15788406 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Oxysterols inhibit phosphatidylcholine synthesis via erk docking and phosphorylation of ctp:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Mutagenesis of ser315 within cctalpha was both required and sufficient to confer significant resistance to 22-hc/9-cis-ra inhibition of ptdcho synthesis." SIGNOR-270028 FBXO44 protein Q9H4M3 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 23086937 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO44 mediates BRCA1 ubiquitination and degradation. The Skp1-Cul1-F-box-protein44 (SCF(FBXO44)) complex ubiquitinates full-length BRCA1 in vitro." SIGNOR-272038 BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001938 29018219 t lperfetto "BRD2 is required to recruit 53BP1 to DSBs.|When BRD2 recruitment was blocked with shRNA or JQ1 (Fig. 3a and Supplementary Figure 3c) or a panel of BRD2 siRNAs (Supplementary Figure 3a), the recruitment of 53BP1 to DSBs was significantly delayed." SIGNOR-262035 GEMIN5 protein Q8TEQ6 UNIPROT "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12065586 t lperfetto "SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex that also contains Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6. The SMN complex functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and probably other ribonucleoprotein particles. We have identified a novel protein component of the SMN complex termed Gemin7 using native purified SMN complexes and peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-253119 ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10922468 t lperfetto "Degradation of aggrecan, the major proteoglycan of the cartilage ECM responsible for the load-bearing and elastic properties of this tissue, is one of the earliest detectable events in arthritic cartilage degeneration. MMPs have been implicated in proteolysis and the subsequent loss of aggrecan from cartilage during arthritis" SIGNOR-266982 FARSA protein Q9Y285 UNIPROT "Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C473 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270436 RUBCN protein Q92622 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 19270693 t gcesareni "The run or cysteine-rich domain of rubicon appears to be inhibitory to the binding of rubicon to beclin 1 and vps34" SIGNOR-184547 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" lperfetto "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-244711 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser794 QHLRLSTsSGRLLYA 9606 12624099 t gcesareni "These results suggest that highly expressed sik2 in insulin-stimulated adipocytes phosphorylates ser794_ of irs-1 and, as a result, might modulate the efficiency ofinsulinsignal transduction" SIGNOR-99055 HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257395 AMOT protein Q4VCS5 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 21205866 t "AMOT proteins, a family of proteins including AMOT, AMOTL1, and AMOTL2, interact extensively with multiple TJ components and are important for maintaining TJ integrity and epithelial cell polarity." gcesareni "Our results indicate a potential tumor-suppressing role of AMOT family proteins as components of the Hippo pathway, and demonstrate a novel mechanism of YAP and TAZ inhibition by AMOT-mediated tight junction localization. These observations provide a potential link between the Hippo pathway and cell contact inhibition." SIGNOR-175776 NFYC protein Q13952 UNIPROT NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 9885213 t lperfetto "Nf-y is one of the best characterized ccaat binding proteins, and its unique structure and evolutionary conservation suggest that it plays a crucial role in transcription of eukaryotic genes.It Is a ubiquitous heteromeric transcription factor, composed of three subunits, nf-ya, nf-yb, and nf-yc, all necessary for dna binding." SIGNOR-63019 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser852 SYKVRFNsVSSYSDS 10400690 t llicata "It was found that purified recombinant nNOS was phosphorylated by CaM-K Ialpha, CaM-K IIalpha, and CaM-K IV at Ser847 in vitro. Replacement of Ser847 with Ala (S847A) prevented phosphorylation by CaM kinases. Phosphorylated recombinant wild-type nNOS at Ser847 (approximately 0.5 mol of phosphate incorporation into nNOS) exhibited a 30% decrease of Vmax with little change of both the Km for L-arginine and Kact for CaM relative to unphosphorylated enzyme. The activity of mutant S847D was decreased to a level 50-60% as much as the wild-type enzyme. The decreased NOS enzyme activity of phosphorylated nNOS at Ser847 and mutant S847D was partially due to suppression of CaM binding, but not to impairment of dimer formation which is thought to be essential for enzyme activation." SIGNOR-250635 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 10913145 t gcesareni "We find that, in vitro, pak1 phosphorylates op18/stathmin specifically at serine 16 and inactivates its catastrophe promoting activity in biochemical and time lapse microscopy microtubule assembly assays." SIGNOR-79955 panobinostat chemical CHEBI:85990 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257749 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT DDB2 protein Q92466 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 18806262 f "The phosphorylation of DDB2 by p38 promotes its ubiquitination" gcesareni "The data suggest that p38 mapk is involved in serine phosphorylation of ddb2, which may influence its ubiquitylation following irradiation." SIGNOR-181278 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7744823 t fstefani "Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (mekk1) is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates sequential protein kinase pathways involving stress-activated protein kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Mekk1 is activated in response to growth factor stimulation of cells and by expression of activated ras. mekk1 directly binds ras.GTP. Thus, ras interacts with protein kinases of both the raf and mekk families." SIGNOR-32620 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT KIDINS220 protein Q9ULH0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser918 RTITRQMsFDLTKLL 10116 10998417 t lperfetto "Our results provide the first physiological substrate for PKD and indicate that Kidins220 is phosphorylated by PKD at serine 919 in vivo." SIGNOR-249052 "okadaic acid" chemical CHEBI:44658 ChEBI STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23493077 f gcesareni "Okadaic acid has been frequently used to enhance the phosphorylation of mst1 and mst2 and to trigger the activation of the hippo pathway." SIGNOR-201551 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser551 PAARPPAsPSPQRQA 9606 10880969 t lperfetto "Synapsin i (syni), a major sv phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of sv trafficking and neurotransmitter release, is one of the presynaptic substrates of cdk5, which phosphorylates it in its c-terminal region at ser(549) (site 6) and ser(551) (site 7). Phosphorylation of syni by cdk5 is physiologically regulated and enhances its binding to f-actin." SIGNOR-78883 MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT PNPLA8 protein Q9NP80 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser511 ELYRKLGsDVFSQNV 9534 BTO:0000298 23258543 t done miannu "Constitutively active MNK1 activates and phosphorylates iPLA2γ. Thus, complement-mediated activation of iPLA(2)γ is mediated via ERK and p38 pathways, and phosphorylation of Ser-511 and/or Ser-515 plays a key role in the catalytic activity and signaling of iPLA(2)γ." SIGNOR-273677 H2AC4 protein P04908 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.1t variant" complex SIGNOR-C325 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 20498094 t miannu "A histone H3 variant, H3T, is highly expressed in the testis, suggesting that it may play an important role in the chromatin reorganization required for meiosis and/or spermatogenesis. In the present study, we found that the nucleosome containing human H3T is significantly unstable both in vitro and in vivo, as compared to the conventional nucleosome containing H3.1." SIGNOR-263724 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser444 PLSLSAQsVMEELNT 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204712 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT BEST1 protein O76090 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20530484 f miannu "BEST1 promoter activity was increased by SOX9 overexpression and decreased by siRNA-mediated SOX9 knockdown." SIGNOR-255187 "coenzyme Q10" smallmolecule CHEBI:46245 ChEBI ubiquinol smallmolecule CHEBI:17976 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30449682 t miannu "OXPHOS directly drives the respiration-coupled mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) that converts dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway" SIGNOR-267429 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT Megakaryocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH103 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000565 28052010 f irozzo "The ETS-related transcription factor Fli-1 affects many developmental programs including erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation, and is frequently de-regulated in cancer." SIGNOR-256087 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR NRBF2 protein Q96F24 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser113 AEDAEGQsPLSQKYS 9606 28059666 t miannu "Human NRBF2 is phosphorylated by MTORC1 at S113 and S120. Upon nutrient starvation or MTORC1 inhibition, NRBF2 phosphorylation is diminished. Phosphorylated NRBF2 preferentially interacts with PIK3C3/PIK3R4. Suppression of NRBF2 phosphorylation by MTORC1 inhibition alters its binding preference from PIK3C3/PIK3R4 to ATG14/BECN1, leading to increased autophagic PtdIns3K complex assembly, as well as enhancement of ULK1 protein complex association." SIGNOR-265876 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser85 ELLHFQAsQREEKEF 9606 SIGNOR-C14 17977820 t lperfetto "In this study we analyze the ikkbeta-mediated phosphorylation of the ikk-binding domain of nemo. In vitro, ikkbeta phosphorylates three serine residues in the domain of nemo at positions 43, 68, and 85. However, mutational analysis revealed that only the phosphorylation of serine 68 in the center of the ikk-binding domain plays an essential role for the formation and the function of the ikk complex. Thus, ser(68) phosphorylation attenuates the amino-terminal dimerization of nemo as well as the ikkbeta-nemo interaction. I" SIGNOR-209784 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr175 GLLPFLLtHKKRLTD 9606 19661060 t Manara "We conclude that the serine/threonine kinases PKC and PKA enhance activation of the TRPV4 ion channel by phosphorylation at specific sites and that phosphorylation depends on assembly of PKC and PKA by AKAP79 into a signaling complex with TRPV4." SIGNOR-260881 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258012 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DQB1 protein P01920 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11332992 f "The class II transactivator (CIITA) regulates expression of the classical and non-classical MHC class II genes, HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ and -DM," SIGNOR-254017 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270736 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1875 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself. Cellular kinase cdk9 phosphorylates serine-2 in the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rnap ii" SIGNOR-203568 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248307 CDH18 protein Q13634 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265857 MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257059 Riluzole chemical CHEBI:8863 ChEBI KCNN4 protein O15554 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258022 PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT PLAT protein P00750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg310 QYSQPQFrIKGGLFA 9606 BTO:0000131 1447176 t lperfetto "The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin can occur by several different mechanisms, but it appears that the most important in uiuo activator is tPA (2). tPA, M, = 70,000, is present in plasma as a single-chain serine protease, but proteolytic cleavage of the Agr275-Ile276 bond in tPA by plasmin yields a disulfide-linked two-chain enzyme" SIGNOR-263534 DRD1 protein P21728 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257269 BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32323266 t scontino "The tyrosine phosphorylation of the ITAM of CD79 promotes the activation of the non-SRC family tyrosine kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), which becomes a key part of a signalosome formed by many other kinases and adaptor proteins. The SYK which is recruited to the phosphorylated CD79- ITAM facilitates the complex formation of B-cell linker protein (BLNK), leading to activation of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK)." SIGNOR-268440 RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT TARBP2 protein Q15633 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser283 ILSLRSCsLGSLGAL -1 27407113 t miannu "We demonstrate that S6 kinases can phosphorylate the extended C-terminal domain of TRBP and interact with TRBP in situ in primary cells. TRBP serines 283/286 are essential for S6K-mediated TRBP phosphorylation, optimal expression of TRBP, and the S6K-TRBP interaction in human primary cells. " SIGNOR-274066 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation -1 BTO:0000007 16930133 t milica "In vitro phosphorylation experiments indicate that the phosphorylation of Sav by Mst is direct. The stabilizing effect of Mst was much greater on N-terminally truncated hSav mutants, as long as they retained the ability to bind Mst. Mst mutants that lacked the C-terminal coiled-coil domain and were unable to bind to hSav, also failed to stabilize or phosphorylate hSav" SIGNOR-230716 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT FBXO5 protein Q9UKT4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16439210 t gcesareni "We propose that the balance of evi5 and polo-like kinase activities determines the timely accumulation of emi1 and cyclin, ensuring mitotic fidelity." SIGNOR-142949 PRSS3 protein P35030 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg36 TNRSSKGrSLIGKVD -1 10978167 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3." SIGNOR-263604 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT FCER2 protein P06734 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003076 9300687 f "Thus, Egr-1 seems to control the expression of downstream target genes not only as a transcriptional activator, but also as a repressor molecule. In B cells, Egr-1 therefore plays a critical role in integrating the short-lived signal delivered by triggering of the Ag receptor into phenotypic changes, including repression of CD95 and CD23 transcription." SIGNOR-254277 PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242646 EIF5B protein O60841 UNIPROT Met-tRNA(Met) chemical CHEBI:16635 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 30551605 t lperfetto "EIF5B was also shown to deliver Met-tRNAi into the P-site of the ribosome in an eIF2-independent translation initiation mechanism utilized by the CSFV and HCV IRESs " SIGNOR-269119 GSK2126458 chemical CID:25167777 PUBCHEM PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192895 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser45 GATTTAPsLSGKGNP 9606 20419129 t lperfetto "Specifically, ck1_ phosphorylates _-catenin at s45, which primes this n-terminal region for subsequent phosphorylations by gsk3 at t41, s37 and s33 [7]. These latter two phosphorylations are recognized by the e3-ligase component, _-trcp, for ultimate ubiquitylation and destruction by the proteosome" SIGNOR-165022 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT PGAM1 protein P18669 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys100 GGLTGLNkAETAAKH 9606 24786789 t miannu "Here we report that PGAM is acetylated at lysine 100 (K100), an active site residue that is invariably conserved from bacteria, to yeast, plant, and mammals. K100 acetylation is detected in fly, mouse, and human cells and in multiple tissues and decreases PGAM2 activity. The cytosolic protein deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylates and activates PGAM2." SIGNOR-266517 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1197 STAENAEyLRVAPQS 9606 BTO:0000567 10653583 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "After binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF), the EGF receptor (EGFR) becomes autophosphorylated via tyrosine." SIGNOR-236471 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser589 NRHSPSWsPDGRRRQ 9606 20890132 t miannu "In this study, we show that Nlp can be phosphorylated by cell cycle protein kinase Cdc2/cyclin B1. The phosphorylation sites of Nlp are mapped at Ser185 and Ser589. the phosphorylation at the site Ser589 by Cdc2/cyclin B1 plays an important role in Nlp protein stability probably due to its effect on protein degradation." SIGNOR-259831 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT LARP6 protein Q9BRS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser409 GRLNCSTsPEIFRKC 10116 BTO:0002741 28112218 t done miannu "Binding of La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6 (LARP6) to collagen mRNAs regulates their translation and is necessary for high type I collagen expression. Here we show that mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP6 on S348 and S409. The S348A/S409A mutant of LARP6 acts as a dominant negative protein in collagen biosynthesis, which retards secretion of type I collagen and causes excessive posttranslational modifications." SIGNOR-273678 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr12 FGSRSSKtFKPKKNI 9606 21808241 t "MOB1a and MOB1b are near identical to each other with protein sequence homology>90%, and more importantly, both of them are putative tumor suppressors." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-175837 QYDAFJUKVGVEKO-PKOVDKIBSA-N smallmolecule CID:16132339 PUBCHEM MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257543 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 SVEFEVEsLDSEDYS 9606 20708156 t gcesareni "Cki phosphorylates mdm2 at multiple sites to trigger mdm2/beta-trcp1 interactionbeta-trcp promotes mdm2 turnover and ubiquitination" SIGNOR-167513 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8548810 t amattioni "The c-iaps associate with traf1 and traf2" SIGNOR-39596 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser249 LDILHNSsQMKSMST 9606 BTO:0000567 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265230 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser251 MIQFAINsTERKRMT 9606 SIGNOR-C17 19737929 t lperfetto "A conserved phosphorylation site within the forkhead domain of foxm1b is required for its activation by cyclin-cdk1the phosphorylation at ser-251 is critical for the activation of foxm1." SIGNOR-187876 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA5 protein Q9Y5G8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265717 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1248 PTAENPEyLGLDVPV 9606 BTO:0000149 1706616 t gcesareni "However, each of these peptides contains tyrosines that correspond to major autophosphorylation sites of the epidermal growth factor receptor, suggesting that, in addition to y1023 and y1248, y1139 and y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of her2." SIGNOR-21203 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000680 16039586 t lperfetto "Erk, which is activated by hbx, associates with gsk-3beta through a docking motif ((291)fkfp) of gsk-3beta and phosphorylates gsk-3beta at the (43)thr residue, which primes gsk-3beta for its subsequent phosphorylation at ser9 by p90rsk, resulting in inactivation of gsk-3beta and upregulation of beta-catenin. This pathway is a general signal, as it was also observed in cell lines in which erk-primed inactivation of gsk-3beta was regulated by igf-1, tgf-beta, and receptor tyrosine kinase her2" SIGNOR-227948 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of tsc2 (by akt and erk;refs. 28, 29) and tsc1(by ikkbeta;ref. 30) results in the disruption of the tsc1/2 complex, and thereby activates the oncogenic mtor signaling contributing to tumor progression" SIGNOR-183695 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT SURF1 protein Q15526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10858544 f miannu "We show that although the Surf-1/Surf-2 promoter does not contain Myc binding sites (E-boxes), Myc over-expression, or the activation of a Myc-oestrogen receptor fusion protein, activates transcription in the Surf-1 direction and that this response to Myc requires a functional YY1 binding site. Our data suggest that the MAP kinase cascade is required for the stimulation of Surf-1 promoter activity and that the Myc-YY1 interaction mediates this response." SIGNOR-254614 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269297 N-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-phenylpropanamide chemical CHEBI:104131 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258896 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 BTO:0000093 17535811 t lperfetto "P38 regulates p53, but also in p53-defective tumor cells rewire their checkpoint response and become dependent in the p38/mk2 pathway in mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-155246 MRPS27 protein Q92552 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261446 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT CSF2RB protein P32927 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr628 PPPGSLEyLCLPAGG 9606 11812650 t gcesareni "However, inhibition of shp2 binding to betac, did not prevent tyrosine phosphorylation of shp2. Interestingly, this same phosphopeptide served as a substrate for the tyrosine phosphatase activity of both shp1 and shp2." SIGNOR-114597 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr345 GADSDVEtPSNFGKY 9606 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262985 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT Membrane_blebbing phenotype SIGNOR-PH24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11283607 f "Cleaved by CASP3" amattioni "Activation of rock i by caspase-3 seems to be responsible for bleb formation in apoptotic cells." SIGNOR-106549 TNFRSF10C protein O14798 UNIPROT TNFSF10 protein P50591 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 20103630 t amattioni "Albeit on binding the ligand, dcr1 and dcr2 do not transduce the apoptogenic signal," SIGNOR-163611 canertinib chemical CHEBI:61399 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258093 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Thr-tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29163 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269516 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT LARP6 protein Q9BRS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser348 DPESNPTsPMAGRRH 10116 BTO:0002741 28112218 t done miannu "Binding of La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6 (LARP6) to collagen mRNAs regulates their translation and is necessary for high type I collagen expression. Here we show that mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP6 on S348 and S409. The S348A/S409A mutant of LARP6 acts as a dominant negative protein in collagen biosynthesis, which retards secretion of type I collagen and causes excessive posttranslational modifications." SIGNOR-273679 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT MAGEL2 protein Q9UJ55 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22208286 t miannu "Magel2 represses the activity of the Clock:Bmal1 heterodimer in a Per2-luciferase assay. Magel2 interacts with Bmal1 and with Per2 as measured by co-immunoprecipitation in co-transfected cells, and exhibits a subcellular distribution consistent with these interactions when visualized by immunofluorescence. As well, Magel2 induces the redistribution of the subcellular localization of Clock towards the cytoplasm, in contrast to the nucleus-directed effect of Bmal1 on Clock subcellular localization." SIGNOR-253516 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr21 YGGAGGYtQSPGGFG 9606 14872059 t llicata "Atm and dna?PK Phosphorylate rpa32 thr21in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-121865 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2L6 protein O14933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271319 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271029 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT TAL2 protein Q16559 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24086757 f irozzo "We show that Tal2 is a direct target gene of the myeloid transcription factor PU.1, which is a key transcription factor for osteoclast gene expression" SIGNOR-259086 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr709 PKRLGAHtP 9606 14697653 t lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-120483 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TPX2 protein Q9ULW0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser125 QRRSLRLsAQKDLEQ 9606 BTO:0000567 26240182 t lperfetto "Here we show that TPX2, a microtubule-bundling protein and activator of Aurora A, plays an important role. TPX2 was phosphorylated by Aurora A during mitosis. Its phospho-null mutant caused short metaphase spindles coupled with low microtubule flux rate. Interestingly, phosphorylation of TPX2 regulated its interaction with CLASP1 but not Kif2a.|This suggests that TPX2 phosphorylation positively regulates the function of CLASP1.| This is in accord with a phosphoproteomics study that identified S121 and S125 as potential phosphorylation sites for Aurora A in mitotic HeLa cells" SIGNOR-265088 SYCP1 protein Q15431 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22394509 t miannu "The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure of chromosome bivalents whose assembly is indispensable for the successful progression of the first meiotic division of sexually reproducing organisms. four proteins were identified that locate specifically to the CE: SYCE1, SYCE2, SYCE3 and TEX12. These three proteins (SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3) are essential for synapsis initiation, as no CE-structures are formed in the absence of any of these proteins. The final step, i.e. synapsis extension over the entire length of the homologs, requires loading of both SYCE2 and TEX12. In their absence, short pieces of CE-like structures composed of SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3 are formed that, however, cannot mature to a SC central region." SIGNOR-264197 IL9 protein P15248 UNIPROT IL9R protein Q01113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10642536 t fspada "Interleukin 9 (il-9) exerts its pleiotropic effects through the il-9 receptor (il-9r) complex, which consists of the il-9r alpha-chain, which determines the cytokine specificity, and the il-2 receptor gamma-chain" SIGNOR-73601 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 28608249 t lperfetto "Some genes which are directly regulated by RORA such as NLGN1 and NTRK2 have been shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to ASD (Correia et al. 2010; Ylisaukko-oja et al. 2005)." SIGNOR-265137 VBP1 protein P61758 UNIPROT "Prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C513 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32699605 t miannu "The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins.  Canonical prefoldin complex is a heterohexameric complex composed of two α subunits (PFDN3 and PFDN5) and four β subunits (PFDN1, PFDN2, PFDN4 and PFDN6)" SIGNOR-270935 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT PI4K2A protein Q9BTU6 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 18082599 f gcesareni "Plk1 itself is negatively regulated by the ddr in an atm/atr-dependent manner." SIGNOR-159933 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr67 LSILSGGtPKRCLDL 9606 8119945 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-48, thr-67, ser-122, thr-130, ser-168 and ser-214 occurs at g2 and g2-m transition and is catalyzed by cdk1. Ser-168 phosphorylation levels are lower than those at the other 5 cdk1 sites. Phosphorylation by cdk1 leads to increased activity." SIGNOR-36275 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT TEAD4 protein Q15561 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "Crystallographic data revealed that the N-terminal TEAD-binding domain of YAP wraps around a globular structure formed by the C-terminal domains of TEAD1, 2 and 4" gcesareni "When dephosphorylated, yap/taz enter nuclei and induce gene transcription by interacting with transcription factors tead14." SIGNOR-201474 ERCC4 protein Q92889 UNIPROT ERCC4/ERCC1 complex SIGNOR-C50 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16338413 t miannu "Human ercc1/xpf interaction domains reveals a complementary role for the two proteins in nucleotide excision repair." SIGNOR-142992 PPAT protein Q06203 UNIPROT 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58681 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9914248 t miannu "Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase (GPATase) catalyzes the first step of de novo purine biosynthesis, the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-(~)l-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to 5-phosphoribosyl-([3)l-amine (PRA). The nitrogen source for the reaction is the amide group of glutamine." SIGNOR-267295 DLG3 protein Q92796 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization BTO:0000227 32904533 t lperfetto "DLG3 plays a critical role in clustering of NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses." SIGNOR-266008 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "BHC complex" complex SIGNOR-C353 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0000007" 15325272 t miannu "BRAF–HDAC complex (BHC) consisting of six subunit proteins, BRAF35, BHC80, BHC110, HDAC1, HDAC2, and CoREST, has been purified from HeLa and HEK293 cells" SIGNOR-264500 NLGN3 protein Q9NZ94 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein Q9P2S2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264152 "tamoxifen citrate" chemical CHEBI:9397 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 20512796 t miannu "Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) antagonists have been widely used for breast cancer therapy. Despite initial responsiveness, hormone-sensitive ER-positive cancer cells eventually develop resistance to ER antagonists. It has been shown that in most of these resistant tumor cells, the ER is expressed and continues to regulate tumor growth. Recent studies indicate that tamoxifen initially acts as an antagonist, but later functions as an ER agonist, promoting tumor growth." SIGNOR-259301 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT IL16 protein Q14005 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser845 SIRQRISsFETFGSS 9606 14768064 t lperfetto "The precursor form of the cytokine il-16 (proil-16) was shown to be phosphorylated on ser144 . the phosphorylation of proil-16 is dependent on activation of the kinases erk1/2. Il-16 is secreted by mitogen-activated t cells, and the biochemical link between proil-16 and erk1/2, revealed by studies with pap-1, prompted analysis of the role of map kinases in this response." SIGNOR-121852 ceritinib chemical CHEBI:78432 ChEBI ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 24670165 t miannu "Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) rearrangement is sensitive to the ALK inhibitor crizotinib, but resistance invariably develops. Ceritinib (LDK378) is a new ALK inhibitor that has shown greater antitumor potency than crizotinib in preclinical studies." SIGNOR-259263 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0004102 18952054 t Luana "The interaction of MeCP2 with the 2BI3 and 2BI5 sites was strikingly reduced in neurons maintained in the presence of TTX (Fig. 2C). This result is consistent with the classical view of MeCP2 as a general transcriptional repressor, in that the reduced association leads to increased expression of NR2B." SIGNOR-264685 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001610 22641097 f miannu "Effective silencing of Runx2 by short interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated downregulation of EMT-related molecules (SNAI2, SNAI3 and TWIST1), MMP2 and vasculogenic factors (VEGFA and VEGFC) in thyroid carcinoma cells." SIGNOR-255085 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19690328 t lperfetto "The complementary inhibitory mechanism in which mtorc1 phosphorylates the autophagy regulatory complex containing unc-51-like kinase 1 (ulk1), the mammalian atg13 protein, and focal adhesion kinase interacting protein of 200 kd (fip200) has also been elucidated." SIGNOR-217133 3-[(4-Bromophenyl)methyl]-2-butyl-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-4-one chemical CID:10248127 PUBCHEM ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 17888667 t Luana "AChE inhibitory activity study was carried out by using Ellman colorimetric assay with neostigmine as a reference standard against targets from different species, such as pure electric eel AChE, human serum AChE, and rat brain AChE. Among the compounds synthesized, compounds 5a, 5b, 5j showed good inhibition against AChE." SIGNOR-257761 NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT NOX1 protein Q9Y5S8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20943948 t lperfetto "Tks4 and Tks5 bind NoxA1 through their SH3 domains in a Rac-independent manner|NoxO1 is required for full Nox1 and Nox3 oxidase activity at least partially because of its role in the plasma membrane recruitment of the NoxA1 activator protein|Tks4 and Tks5 support Nox1- and Nox3-dependent ROS generation" SIGNOR-264710 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Ile847 LQPDVTGiRLLSLGA -1 9242537 t lperfetto "Human neutrophil elastase activates human factor V but inactivates thrombin-activated human factor V|NH2-terminal sequence analysis of F.V treated with HNE indicated cleavage at Ile819 and Ile1484 under conditions during which the procofactor expressed enhanced cofactor activity in the prothrombinase complex." SIGNOR-263637 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr211 QLTFALRyLNFFTKA 9606 BTO:0000150 17115032 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the chromatin-bound pcna protein is phosphorylated on tyr 211, which is required for maintaining its function on chromatin and is dependent on the tyrosine kinase activity of egf receptor (egfr) in the nucleus. Phosphorylation on tyr 211 by egfr stabilizes chromatin-bound pcna protein and associated functions." SIGNOR-150852 iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0004708 23349248 t miannu "After transport through the apical membrane, Iodide is covalently bound to the tyrosyl residues of Tg by thyroid peroxidase (TPO)." SIGNOR-268139 RAB21 protein Q9UL25 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "The Rab proteins primarily localized to the EE include Rab5 and Rab4, which regulate distinct early endocytic events. In addition to these two Rab proteins, some of the other less well-characterized Rabs at the EE include Rab10 , Rab14 , Rab21 and Rab22" SIGNOR-260620 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 22378047 f miannu "KLF4 cooperates with Stat6 to induce M2 genes (Arg-1, Mrc1, Fizz1, PPARγ) and inhibit M1 genes (TNFa, Cox-2, CCL5, iNOS) via sequestration of coactivators required for NF-κB activation." SIGNOR-254520 PNPLA6 protein Q8IY17 UNIPROT Lysophosphatidylcholine smallmolecule CID:5311264 PUBCHEM "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25033069 t "PNPLA6 encodes NTE, a lysophospholipase that converts lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to glycerophosphocholine. PNPLA6 is expressed in neurons throughout the brain, particularly in the cortex, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and hippocampus" SIGNOR-253610 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2K protein P61086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271333 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 18481201 f gcesareni "Pd98059, a specific inhibitor of mek in addition, immunoblot and immunostaining analysis revealed that phosphorylation of erk was increased by treatment with sb203580;whereas pd98059 increased the phosphorylation of p38, which implies a seesaw-like balance between erk and p38 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-178636 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr153 EALLGQAtPPGTGQF 9606 19389701 t lperfetto "Following uv irradiation, usf-1 is phosphorylated by the p38 stress-activated kinase on threonine 153 and directly up-regulates expression of the pomc, mc1r, tyr, tyrp-1 and dct genes" SIGNOR-185572 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr573 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-250558 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20508200 f lperfetto "Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it induces the expression of its target genes, including markers (Arg1, Chi3l3, Mrc1, Mgl1, and Retnla) and regulators (Pparalpha, Ppargamma and PGC-1?) of alternative activation." SIGNOR-249533 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19879762 t lperfetto "As a transcription factor, p53 induces several pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 members including Bax, Puma, Noxa and Bid, and represses the transcription of certain anti-apoptotic genes, including those encoding Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin 3_and_5." SIGNOR-209687 TMC1 protein Q8TDI8 UNIPROT "Hair cells mechanotransduction channel" complex SIGNOR-C290 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The pore forming subunits of the hair cells mechanotransduction channel still need to be identified, but some candidates have emerged including TMC-1,TMC-2 (Kawashima et al., 2011), Piezo1 and Piezo2 (Coste et al., 2010; Coste et al., 2012)." SIGNOR-262569 SH2B3 protein Q9UQQ2 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002882 18618018 t miannu "we identified Lnk as a physiological negative regulator of JAK2 in stem cells and TPO/Mpl/JAK2/Lnk as a major regulatory pathway in controlling stem cell self-renewal and quiescence. we identify a direct interaction between Lnk and the Mpl/JAK2 complex that regulates various HSC functions." SIGNOR-260075 NXPH1 protein P58417 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9856994 t gcesareni "We show that neurexophilins 1 and 3 but not 4 (neurexophilin 2 is not expressed in rodents) bind to a single individual lns domain, the second overall lns domain in all three alpha-neurexins." SIGNOR-60643 ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253190 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000951 17200203 f "Indirect:regulation of expression" miannu "Decorin and IGF-I induce fibrillin-1 protein synthesis in normal rat kidney fibroblasts" SIGNOR-251863 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr791 LAQAPPVyLDVLG 9606 9099755 t gcesareni "In vitro studies indicate that trka autophosphorylates at tyrosines 490, 670, 674, 675, and 785" SIGNOR-47183 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268581 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr620 SKSVLPRtPESWRLT 9606 22094256 t lperfetto "We identified the forkhead box m1 (foxm1) transcription factor as a common critical phosphorylation target. Cdk4/6 stabilize and activate foxm1these data identify five overlapping in vivo and in vitro cdk4/6 target sites in foxm1 (s4, s35, t611, t620 and t627)" SIGNOR-177259 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242721 PTGES3 protein Q15185 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9817749 t lperfetto "The mutant Hsp90 proteins tested are defective in the binding and ATP hydrolysis-dependent cycling of the co-chaperone p23, which is thought to regulate the binding and release of substrate polypeptide from Hsp90. " SIGNOR-262831 NFKBIE protein O00221 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 SIGNOR-C13 12835716 t gcesareni "Nf-kb is normally sequestered in the cell cytoplasm by binding to ikbx, ikbb, ikbe" SIGNOR-102774 FBXO27 protein Q8NI29 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28743755 t miannu "Here, we report the characterization of FBXO27, a glycoprotein-specific F-box protein that is part of the SCF (SKP1/CUL1/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex, and demonstrate that SCFFBXO27 ubiquitinates glycoproteins in damaged lysosomes to regulate autophagic machinery recruitment.We found that the lysosomal protein LAMP2, which is ubiquitinated preferentially on lysosomal damage, enhances autophagic machinery recruitment to damaged lysosomes. Thus, we propose that SCFFBXO27 ubiquitinates glycoproteins exposed upon lysosomal damage to induce lysophagy." SIGNOR-272325 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001130 15684397 f gcesareni "In the current study, our data indicate that both smad7 and p38 map kinase positively contributed to the accumulation of -catenin" SIGNOR-133447 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RRM2 protein P31350 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr33 SLVDKENtPPALSGT 9606 22632967 t gcesareni "We found that, during g2, following cdk-mediated phosphorylation of thr33, rrm2 is degraded via scf(cyclin f) to maintain balanced dntp pools and genome stability." SIGNOR-197630 DLG2 protein Q15700 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C510 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270909 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SH3PXD2B protein A1X283 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr508 DMSASAGyEEISDPD 9606 20943948 t lperfetto "C-Src-mediated phosphorylation of NoxA1 and Tks4 induces the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent formation of functional invadopodia in human colon cancer cells|Here, we show that the interaction of noxa1 and tks proteins is dependent on src activity. Interestingly, the abolishment of src-mediated phosphorylation of tyr110 on noxa1 and of tyr508 on tks4 blocks their binding and decreases nox1-dependent ros generation." SIGNOR-264705 MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004953 32685004 t miannu "Nuclear MYH9 bound to the CTNNB1 promoter through its DNA-binding domain, and interacted with myosin light chain 9, β-actin and RNA polymerase II to promote CTNNB1 transcription, which conferred resistance to anoikis in GC cells in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-269285 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 GDRSGYSsPGSPGTP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249352 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT SERPINA3 protein P01011 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002600 11027208 f miannu "We characterize a molecular mechanism responsible for both IL-1 and TNF-induced expression of ACT gene in astrocytes. We identify the 5' distal IL-1/TNF-responsive enhancer of the ACT gene located 13 kb upstream of the transcription start site. This 413-bp-long enhancer contains three elements, two of which bind nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and one that binds activating protein 1 (AP-1). All of these elements contribute to the full responsiveness of the ACT gene to both cytokines, as determined by deletion and mutational analysis. The 5' NF-kB high-affinity binding site and AP-1 element contribute most to the enhancement of gene transcription in response to TNF and IL-1." SIGNOR-254808 DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17529994 t amattioni "Dishevelled (dvl) transduces the wnt signal by interacting with the cytoplasmic axin complex." SIGNOR-155221 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CPT1C protein Q8TCG5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21892142 f gcesareni "In 2010, bungard et al., reported that ampk can target transcriptional regulation through phosphorylation of histone h2b on serine3681. Cells expressing a mutant h2b s36a blunted the induction of stress genes upregulated by ampk including p21 and cpt1c." SIGNOR-176422 KLHL42 protein Q9P2K6 UNIPROT PPP2R5E protein Q16537 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys84 MDTLSDLkMKEYKRS 9606 BTO:0000764 32071084 t miannu "PPP2R5ϵ is a KLHL42 substrate and affects TGF-β signaling in SSc. Lys-84 is a candidate ubiquitin acceptor site within PPP2R5ϵ." SIGNOR-272205 SDHAF2 protein Q9NX18 UNIPROT SDHB protein P21912 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19628817 t miannu "Sdh5 is required for sdh activity and stability / the sdh1-sdh5 interaction is likely to be functionally important because the sdh5_ mutant lacks sdh activity" SIGNOR-187239 CLCF1 protein Q9UBD9 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 9143707 t gcesareni "Some of these biological activities of il-6 are also often exerted by other cytokines, i.e. Il-11, lif, osm, cntf, and ct-6" SIGNOR-47959 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t lperfetto "Akt negatively regulates the raf and gsk-3 kinases and the cell cycle regulatory transcription factor fkhr." SIGNOR-244333 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254729 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 SVHKLDVsRSPPLMV 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249306 GCGR protein P47871 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12626323 t "Glucagon signals through its receptor on the cell surface (Fig.1). The binding of glucagon to the extracellular loops of the glucagon receptor results in conformational changes of the latter, leading to subsequent activation of the coupled G proteins. At least two classes of G proteins are known to be associated with and involved in the signal transduction of the glucagon receptor, namely Gsα and Gq. The activation of Gsα leads to activation of adenylate cyclase, increase in intracellular cAMP levels, and subsequent activation of protein kinase A (PKA)." SIGNOR-267715 LMX1B protein O60663 UNIPROT "LMX1B/SFPQ/PSPC1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C106 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 23308148 t miannu "LMX1B is part of a transcriptional complex with PSPC1 and PSF. This complex was observed in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-223966 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR DPPA4 protein Q7L190 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269243 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1108 TYVNTTLyEKFTYAG 9606 BTO:0001176 20973951 t miannu "This phosphorylation requires a kinase competent Tie2 as well as intact tyrosines 1100 and 1106 (Y1100 and Y1106) on the receptor. This suggests that Y1100 and Y1106 on Tie2 play a role in Grb14 mediated signal transduction downstream of this receptor." SIGNOR-259833 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "a7/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C126 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002319 10199978 t lperfetto "The alpha7beta1 integrin is a laminin receptor on the surface of skeletal myoblasts and myofibers. Alternative forms of both the alpha7 and beta1 chains are expressed in a developmentally regulated fashion during myogenesis. These different alpha7beta1 isoforms localize at specific sites on myofibers and appear to have distinct functions in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-241512 NDUFB1 protein O75438 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and |The main ND4-module intermediate binds NDUFB1, NDUFB4, NDUFB5, NDUFB6, NDUFB10, NDUFB11 and MT-ND4" SIGNOR-262162 ZMIZ1 protein Q9ULJ6 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001825 26522984 t miannu "The N-terminal domain (NTD) is critical for Zmiz1 to function as a Notch collaborator. Zmiz1 and Notch1 cooperatively recruit each other to chromatin through the TPR domain. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of Zmiz1 is important for enhancing Notch reporter activity and contains tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) that mediate protein-protein interactions" SIGNOR-263936 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr128 DGEDDGDyESPNEEE 9606 BTO:0000782 8702662 t lperfetto "A fourth peptide derived from slp-76 encompassing tyr residues 423 and 426 was also phosphorylated by zap-70 but with a 10-15-fold lesser efficiency compared to tyr-113, _128, and _145. Phosphorylation of slp-76 by the zap-70 protein-tyrosine kinase is required for t-cell receptor function" SIGNOR-42960 OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256826 FBXO11 protein Q86XK2 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates neddylation Lys321 SSPQPKKkPLDGEYF 9606 17098746 t miannu "Fbxo11 promotes the neddylation of p53 and inhibits its transcriptional activity / we found that fbxo11 also neddylates p53 on two lysines, lys-320 and lys-321" SIGNOR-150673 DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256702 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT SFN protein P31947 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser186 FHYEIANsPEEAISL 9606 15071501 t "Ser residues in the reagion between alpha-helices 7 and 8, JNK3 is essential for apoptosis of hippocampal neurons" gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that activated jnk promotes bax translocation to mitochondria through phosphorylation of 14-3-3, a cytoplasmic anchor of bax. Phosphorylation of 14-3-3 led to dissociation of bax from this protein.Jnk phosphorylates 14-3-3zeta_ at ser-184 and 14-3-3sigma_ at ser-191" SIGNOR-124005 C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT Chemotaxis phenotype SIGNOR-PH93 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9108406 f lperfetto "We report here that the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are chemotactic factors for the human mast cell line HMC-1, human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMC) and cutaneous mast cells in vitro." SIGNOR-263460 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20674862 t lperfetto "CLOCK knockdown activated MTP promoter and reduced small heterodimer partner (SHP, NROB2). CLOCK upregulated SHP by binding to its E box." SIGNOR-253698 tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:29170 ChEBI Ala-tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:17732 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32314272 t miannu "Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N)." SIGNOR-270451 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ 9606 BTO:0000590 10090741 t lperfetto "We found that when tau was first phosphorylated by A-kinase, C-kinase, cdk5, or CaM kinase II and then by GSK-3, its binding to microtubules was inhibited by 45, 61, 78, and 79%, respectively. Further, the kinase combinations cdk5/GSK-3 and CaM kinase II/GSK-3 rapidly phosphorylated the sites Thr 231 and Ser 235. When these sites were individually replaced by Ala and the phosphorylation experiments repeated, tau binding to microtubules was inhibited by 54 and 71%, respectively. By comparison, when Ser 262 was replaced by Ala, tau binding to microtubules was inhibited by only 8% after phosphorylation by CaM kinase II." SIGNOR-249314 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001253 10940313 t gcesareni "Itch binds to the n-terminal portion of the notch intracellular domain via its ww domains and promotes ubiquitination of notch through its hect ubiquitin ligase domain." SIGNOR-254331 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser772 LVTPRKKsKSKLEEK -1 14657015 t lperfetto "Following receptor activation, gravin binding to the receptor increases, a process dependent upon PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of two canonical PKA sites (Ser696–698 and Ser772) located within the AKAP domain of gravin." SIGNOR-271842 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI WIPI2 protein Q9Y4P8 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 22082875 t gcesareni "We identified the human wipi protein family and found that wipi-1 specifically binds ptdins(3)p, accumulates at the phagophore and becomes a membrane protein of generated autophagosomes." SIGNOR-177226 C8A protein P07357 UNIPROT "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30552328 t lperfetto "The human MAC pore was formed on liposomes from individual complement proteins. |The maps were further subdivided into three components: an asymmetric region (C5b, C6, C7, and C8), a hinge region (C7, C8, and two C9 molecules), and a C9 oligomer" SIGNOR-263445 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr127 RRRRRSRtFSRSSSQ 9606 BTO:0000567 20682768 t lperfetto "Akt directly binds to and phosphorylates clk2 on serine 34 and threonine 127, in vitro and in vivo.Our results suggest that akt activation controls cell survival to ionizing radiation by phosphorylating clk2, revealing an important regulatory mechanism required for promoting cell surviva" SIGNOR-167340 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TPPP protein O94811 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser18 ANRTPPKsPGDPSKD -1 17693641 t miannu "Here we show that TPPP induces tubulin self-assembly into intact frequently bundled microtubules, and that the phosphorylation of specific sites distinctly affects the function of TPPP. The phosphorylation sites Thr(14), Ser(18), Ser(160) for Cdk5; Ser(18), Ser(160) for ERK2, and Ser(32) for PKA were identified by mass spectrometry. The phosphorylation by ERK2 or Cdk5 resulted in the loss of microtubule-assembling activity of TPPP." SIGNOR-262929 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser122 DQHLMKCsPAQLLCS 9606 SIGNOR-C17 10864927 t gcesareni "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-78416 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 31340499 f Luana "AP-1 Transcription Factors as Regulators of Immune Responses in Cancer" SIGNOR-260766 Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR Dendritic_spine_morphogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH183 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14684878 f miannu "Dendritic spines are small protrusions found on dendrites of principal neurons of mammalian brain. Serving as postsynaptic compartments for individual excitatory inputs, spines show rapid movements and shape changes that are influenced by synaptic activity. The structural modifications of spines are believed to represent morphological correlates of synaptic plasticity. The form and motility of spines are determined mainly by the actin cytoskeleton" SIGNOR-266596 olanzapine chemical CHEBI:7735 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0001311 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258507 CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0003564 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252125 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 10734067 t gcesareni "Here we show that the direct association between a p53 n-terminal peptide and mdm2 is disrupted by phosphorylation of the peptide on thr(18) but not by phosphorylation at other n-terminal sites, including ser(15) and ser(37). Thr(18) was phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase (ck1)." SIGNOR-75889 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1235 DMYDKEYySVHNKTG 9606 18819921 t "Using substrate trapping mutants of PTP1B or TCPTP, we have demonstrated that both phosphatases interact with Met and that these interactions require phosphorylation of twin tyrosines (Tyr-1234/1235) in the activation loop of the Met kinase domain.|Using small interfering RNA against PTP1B and TCPTP, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr-1234/1235 in the activation loop of the Met receptor is elevated in the absence of either PTP1B or TCPTP and further elevated upon loss of both phosphatases." SIGNOR-248388 DYDC1 protein Q8WWB3 UNIPROT Acrosome_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH156 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19545932 f miannu "Knockdown of Dydc1 blocks spermatogenesis and acrosome biogenesis" SIGNOR-263881 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20444422 t gcesareni "The human homolog of pp2a-b', ppp2r5c, also counteracts s6k1 phosphorylation, indicating a conserved mechanism in mammals" SIGNOR-165224 PCSK5 protein Q92824 UNIPROT Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0001073 11690596 t miannu "Oxytocin-extended form is further cleaved by enzymatic activity to yield the nine-amino-acid active peptide, OT. The proteolysis may involve several pro-hormone convertases, convertase 2 (PC2) (20p11-1-11.2) and convertase 5 (PC5) (9q21.3) (Gabreels et al 1998). Both enzymes are found in OT neurosecretory vesicles and are a part of a family of subtilisen/kexinlike convertases (Seidah et al 1994). It is a product of the OT gene located at human gene locus 20p13 (Rao et al 1992). The processing cascade results in the production of neurophysin I and OT extended form (OT-X), which is OT with a C-terminal, three-amino-acid extension." SIGNOR-270334 BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001623 20921139 f miannu "Autophagy initiation signaling requires both the ULK1 kinase and the BECLIN 1–VPS34 core complex to generate autophagosomes, double-membraned vesicles that transfer cellular contents to lysosomes." SIGNOR-219545 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA10 protein Q9Y5H3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265704 KLF15 protein Q9UIH9 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 20956975 f lperfetto "Our results provide a new mechanism for understanding glucocorticoids-dependent adipogenesis and that GR promotes adipogenesis via KLF15 gene expression as a transcriptional direct target." SIGNOR-236230 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR 9606 11333986 t lperfetto "P38 binds and phosphorylates cdc25-b and -c at serines 309 and 361 and at serine 216, respectively, and phosphorylation of these residues is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins phosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-107420 P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 32048991 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Pol II CTD by positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is a necessary precursor event that enables productive transcription elongation. To perform this task, Pol II needs to be activated by a complex of proteins called P-TEFb; however, P-TEFb is usually found in an inactive form held by another group of proteins. Yet, it is unclear how P-TEFb is released and allowed to activate Pol II." SIGNOR-261039 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser376 PPAPAYLsSPLALPS 9606 SIGNOR-C14 12657630 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide-mapping experiments with metabolically radiolabeled cells indicate that ikkbeta phosphorylates human ikkgamma at ser-31, ser-43, and ser-376" SIGNOR-209792 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 SIGNOR-C14 11460167 t lperfetto "Tak1 become activated and then phosphorylates and activates ikk2 which in turn now phosphorylates ikba, marking it for k48-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. tak1 kinase complex phosphorylates and activates ikk in a manner that depends on traf6 and ubc13-uev1a our studies suggests that tak1_ acts as an upstream activating kinase for ikkbeta." SIGNOR-109490 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 SSPDKRLtLSQIYEW 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-238804 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8974401 t gcesareni "A map kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk), termed ask1, was identified that activated two different subs of map kinase kinases (mapkk), sek1 (or mkk4) and mkk3/mapkk6 (or mkk6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (sapk, also known as jnk;c-jun amino-terminal kinase)" SIGNOR-45369 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 BTO:0000007 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-252988 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser615 SYKIRFNsISCSDPL 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251617 Thrombin smallmolecule CHEBI:9574 ChEBI F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257486 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 11046148 t miannu "The latent membrane protein (LMP) 2A of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the maintenance of viral latency and appears to function in part by inhibiting B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. LMP2A enhances Lyn and Syk ubiquitination in vivo in a fashion that depends on the activity of Nedd4 family members and correlates with destabilization of the Lyn tyrosine kinase. These results suggest that LMP2A serves as a molecular scaffold to recruit both B-cell tyrosine kinases and C2/WW/Hect domain E3 protein-ubiquitin ligases. " SIGNOR-272581 MRTFB protein Q9ULH7 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 14565952 t llicata "MKL2 binds to and activates SRF similar to myocardin and MKL1." SIGNOR-237671 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1651 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248749 RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 20711430 f "Rad21-cohesin haploinsufficiency impedes DNA repair and enhances gastrointestinal radiosensitivity in mice" SIGNOR-259975 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser400 SRDESTDsGLSMSSY 9606 phosphorylation:Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 23431053 t milica "Phosphorylation of YAP (S381) and TAZ (S311) by Lats1/2 primes subsequent phosphorylation events by casein kinase 1 (CK1d/e); this sequential phosphorylation results in recruitment of b-transducin repeat-containing proteins (b-TRCP; a subunit of the SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase) and consequently leads to degradation of YAP/TAZ" SIGNOR-201165 DCAF7 protein P61962 UNIPROT DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 14593110 t miannu "Two isoforms of DYRK, DYRK1A and DYRK1B, co-immunoprecipitate with HAN11 when coexpressed in COS cells indicating that the proteins interact in mammalian cells. HAN11 might target DYRKs to cytosolic locations for regulation of specific cellular functions." SIGNOR-260631 THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-133240 BPLF1 protein P03186 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 24586164 t scontino "In the current study, we have found that BPLF1 interferes with innate immune activation by targeting multiple intermediates along the TLR signal transduction pathway, including TRAF6, NEMO, and IκBα. BPLF1 can remove ubiquitin tags from proteins in the TLR signaling cascade. This inhibits TLR signaling and decreases the expression of immune response genes." SIGNOR-266744 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CKAP2 protein Q8WWK9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr623 FKELKFLtPVRRSRR 9606 19369249 t lperfetto "Among these, thr-622 was specifically phosphorylated by cdk1-cyclin b1 both in vitro and in vivo. these findings suggest that cdk1-cyclin b1-mediated phosphorylation of tmap is important for and contributes to proper regulation of microtubule dynamics and establishment of functional bipolar spindles during mitosis." SIGNOR-216829 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser668 INTKALQsPKRPRSP 9606 10648599 t lperfetto "Tfii-i can be phosphorylated in vitro by erk and mutation of consensus map kinase substrate sites at serines 627 and 633 impairs the phosphorylation of tfii-i by erk and its activity on the c-fos promoter. These results suggest that erk regulates the activity of tfii-i by direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-74304 MAP3K10 protein Q02779 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser341 KALASIYsPDHSSNN 9606 19801649 t llicata "Mlk2 inhibits e47 transactivation activity on the trkb promote" SIGNOR-161523 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9444957 f miannu "Cotransfection of Ets-1 and Erg expression plasmids is sufficient to induce the -60/+19 vWF promoter activity in HeLa cells." SIGNOR-253915 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270388 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser77 PGPFATRsPLFIFMR 12818176 t miannu "JNKs specifically phosphorylate BIMEL at Ser55, 65, and/or 73. several observations demonstrate that the phosphorylation of BIMEL is a physiologically important mechanism for enhancing its proapoptotic activity." SIGNOR-250135 histamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18295 ChEBI HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257513 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19032342 f lperfetto "DEC1 (BHLHB2/Stra13/Sharp2)-a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor-is known to be involved in various biological phenomena including clock systems and metabolism. In the clock systems, Dec1 expression is dominantly up-regulated by CLOCK : BMAL1 heterodimer, and it exhibits circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)-the central circadian pacemaker-and other peripheral tissues." SIGNOR-253707 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 15632071 t fspada "In the present study, we demonstrate that both gata-2 and gata-3 form protein complexes with ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and c/ebpbeta, members of a family of transcription factors that are integral to adipogenesis. []the interaction between gata and c/ebp factors is critical for the ability of gata to suppress adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-132952 GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11146101 t lperfetto "N-terminal proline/serine rich (ps) domain of ulk1 (amino acid 287-416) is required for ulk1-gate-16 and ulk1-gabarap protein interactions" SIGNOR-219391 TYSND1 protein Q2T9J0 UNIPROT ACOX1 protein Q15067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 17255948 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Tysnd1, a previously uncharacterized protein, is responsible both for the removal of the leader peptide from PTS2 proteins and for the specific processing of PTS1 proteins. All of the identified Tysnd1 substrates catalyze peroxisomal β-oxidation. In vitro cleavage of Acox1, Scp2 and prethiolase by recombinant Tysnd1." SIGNOR-261057 ASPG protein Q86U10 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24657844 t miannu "Recently, we structurally and biochemically characterized the enzyme human L-asparaginase 3 (hASNase3), which possesses L-asparaginase activity and belongs to the N-terminal nucleophile superfamily of enzymes. l-Asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1; l-asparagine amidohydrolase; l-ASNase2) are enzymes that primarily catalyze the conversion of l-asparagine (l-Asn) to l-aspartic acid (l-Asp) and ammonia, although some of them are able to also hydrolyze l-glutamine (l-Gln) to l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) and ammonia." SIGNOR-267538 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT TNC protein P24821 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15001984 t Luana "Sp1 and Ets1 are potent transactivators of the TN-C promoter." SIGNOR-261599 Erlin complex SIGNOR-C532 SIGNOR RNF170 protein Q96K19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21610068 t miannu "In summary, here we present evidence that RNF170 is an E3 ligase that mediates IP3 receptor ubiquitination and processing by the UPP and that it is recruited to activated IP3 receptors by the erlin1/2 complex to which it is constitutively bound." SIGNOR-271917 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser907 TDASRRSsEASQSDG 9606 10693759 t lperfetto "Ci/gli zinc finger proteins mediate the transcriptional effects of hedgehog protein signals. In drosophila, ci action as transcriptional repressor or activator is contingent upon hedgehog-regulated, pka-dependent proteolytic processingall six pka phosphorylation sites are required for processing of gli3." SIGNOR-75355 KIF3A protein Q9Y496 UNIPROT "Minus-end directed microtubule movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH217 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272538 PHF12 protein Q96QT6 UNIPROT TLE3 protein Q04726 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11390640 t miannu "We have cloned and characterized a new member of the PHD zinc finger family called Pf1 that interacts with two global transcription corepressors: mSin3A and TLE. Pf1 interacts with TLE. The Groucho/TLE proteins are members of an abundant corepressor family, and we hypothesized that Pf1 might interact with TLE family members. Together, these data suggest that in the absence of interactions with mSin3A, Gal4-Pf1 (102–273 L212P/A216P)-dependent repression can be attributed to interaction with endogenous TLE." SIGNOR-266993 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001567 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255164 lenalidomide chemical CHEBI:63791 ChEBI IKZF3 protein Q9UKT9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24328678 t gcesareni "Members of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, specifically Ikaros and Aiolos (encoded by the genes IKZF1 and IKZF3 respectively), are recruited as protein substrates for CRL4CRBN in T cells in response to lenalidomide or pomalidomide treatment." SIGNOR-236925 Normorphine chemical CHEBI:7633 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258824 IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 21240265 f "Among the genes with differences in expression in the M1 and M2 subsets are those regulated by IRF5, including IL12A, IL12B, IL23A, IL1B, TNF, CCL3(encoding MIP-1α), RANTES, CD1A, CD40, CD86 and CCR7" SIGNOR-254510 CSAD protein Q9Y600 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22718265 t miannu "Animal glutamate decarboxylase (GDC), aspartate decarboxylase (ADC, also called aspartate Œ±-decarboxylase or aspartate 1-decarboxylase) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSADC) catalyze the decarboxylation of Œ±-carboxyl group of glutamate, aspartate and cysteine sulfinic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Œ≤-alanine and hypotaurine, respectively; these amine products play important role in living organisms." SIGNOR-267548 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10090 11865049 t miannu "We show here that mPer proteins, negative limbs of the autoregulatory loop, are specific substrates for CKIepsilon and CKIdelta. The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-267998 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr536 QKGQESEyGNITYPP 10090 BTO:0000782 8114715 t "Two sites (Y-536 and Y-564) which are directly phosphorylated by Lck in vitro are also phosphorylated in vivo in LSTRA cells. ." SIGNOR-251387 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 DTRQIQPsPPWSYDQ 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138953 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT SIRT4 protein Q9Y6E7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 33861966 t miannu "Our data suggest that mTORC1 promotes the binding of the E3 ligase, βTrCP, to CREB2 (Figure 4D), promoting CREB2 degradation by the proteasome (Figure 4E). Here, we show that mTORC1 promotes glutamine anaplerosis by activating glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This regulation requires transcriptional repression of SIRT4, the mitochondrial-localized sirtuin that inhibits GDH. Mechanistically, mTORC1 represses SIRT4 by promoting the proteasome-mediated destabilization of cAMP-responsive element binding 2 (CREB2)." SIGNOR-267831 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 TASEHRKsSKPIMEK -1 9389649 t lperfetto "Endogenous HES-1 DNA-binding activity is post-translationally inhibited during NGF signaling in vivo, and phosphorylation of PKC consensus sites in the HES-1 DNA-binding domain inhibits DNA binding by purified HES-1 in vitro." SIGNOR-248992 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Upregulation of PTGS2, ANPEP, KDR, UGT8, INHBA, ERMAP, RALGPS1 and SPON1 was confirmed." SIGNOR-261664 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT ENG protein P17813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22235125 f miannu "It has been shown that ERG is a positive regulator of several EC-restricted genes including VE-cadherin, endoglin, and von Willebrand factor, and a negative regulator of other genes such as interleukin (IL)-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1." SIGNOR-253916 "tacrolimus (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:61049 ChEBI PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-127245 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser295 FKLGGRDsRSGSPMA -1 2413024 t lperfetto "MBP was phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or C | Subsequent amino acid analysis and/or sequential Edman degradation of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence of this protein, revealed that Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161 at various reaction velocities." SIGNOR-248875 ARHGAP39 protein Q9C0H5 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260494 FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30616754 t lperfetto "FBPase converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) and inorganic phosphate in the second rate-limiting reaction of gluconeogenesis.|FBP1 is ubiquitously present in tissues and is the key gluconeogenic enzyme in the liver and kidney, while FBP2 is restricted to the muscle" SIGNOR-267610 PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 27248820 t miannu "Notably, Pellino-1 directly interacted with cIAP2 and stabilized cIAP2 through lysine63-mediated polyubiquitination via its E3 ligase activity." SIGNOR-259395 PLEKHF2 protein Q9H8W4 UNIPROT EEA1 protein Q15075 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 22816767 t Giulio "In yeast two-hybrid analysis we identified Phafin2 as a novel interactor of the endosomal-tethering protein EEA1, and Phafin2 colocalized strongly with EEA1 in microdomains of the endosome membrane. Our results suggest that Phafin2 controls receptor trafficking and fluid-phase transport through early endosomes by facilitating endosome fusion in concert with EEA1." SIGNOR-261276 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation Lys53 WNLDELPkFEKNFYQ 9606 17369852 t miannu "We demonstrate that the sumo e3 ligase pias1 interacts with p68 and enhances its sumo modification in vivo / sumo modification enhances p68 transcriptional repression activity and inhibits the ability of p68 to function as a coactivator of p53." SIGNOR-153719 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys396 QITEEEAkLLAQKAA 9606 33058421 t miannu "Merlin ubiquitination is mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase, NEDD4L, which requires a scaffold protein, AMOTL1, to approach Merlin. Several NF2-patient-derived Merlin mutations disrupt its binding to AMOTL1 and its regulation by the AMOTL1-NEDD4L apparatus. Lysine (K) 396 is the major ubiquitin conjugation residue. Disruption of Merlin ubiquitination by the K396R mutation or NEDD4L depletion diminishes its binding to Lats1 and inhibits Lats1 activation. These effects are also accompanied by loss of Merlin's anti-mitogenic and tumor suppressive properties. Thus, we propose that dephosphorylation and ubiquitination compose an intramolecular relay to activate Merlin functions in activating the Hippo pathway during growth control." SIGNOR-263662 "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 f miannu "We show that FBXL10/KDM2B is an anti-adipogenic factor that is up-regulated during the early phase of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and in adipose tissue in a diet-induced model of obesity. Interestingly, inhibition of adipogenesis does not require the JmjC demethylase domain of FBXL10, but it does require the F-box and leucine-rich repeat domains, which we show recruit a noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) containing RING1B, SKP1, PCGF1, and BCOR." SIGNOR-252248 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 KKSKISAsRKLQLKT 9606 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134628 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HSPH1 protein Q92598 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser509 PTEENEMsSEADMEC -1 12558502 t llicata "Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates Hsp105 alpha at Ser509 and modulates its function. | the phosphorylation of Hsp105 alpha at Ser(509) abolished the inhibitory activity of Hsp105 alpha in vitro." SIGNOR-251008 ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 15187094 t gcesareni "Human atg4 homologues cleave the carboxyl termini of the three human atg8 homologues, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (lc3), gabarap, and gate-16." SIGNOR-125449 FBLN5 protein Q9UBX5 UNIPROT ELN protein P15502 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19570982 t miannu "Our data show that fibulin-5 can interact with tropoelastin or with fibrillin-1, implying a chaperone role for fibulin-5 in directing elastin onto microfibrils" SIGNOR-186603 PAX8 protein Q06710 UNIPROT SLC3A1 protein Q07837 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000671 15673291 f miannu "Expression of SLC3A1 mRNA was found to be tenfold higher in postnatal vs. fetal kidney; SLC3A1 expression is doubled by the proximal tubule transcription factor, PAX8. rBAT is expressed in the proximal convoluted and straight tubules in both fetal and adult kidney." SIGNOR-254907 vasopressin smallmolecule CHEBI:9937 ChEBI AVPR1B protein P47901 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257462 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20647423 t lperfetto "Ampk recruitment and h2b ser36 phosphorylation colocalized within genes activated by ampk-dependent pathways, both in promoters and in transcribed regions." SIGNOR-216471 CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265207 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15632084 t "inferred from 70% family members" amattioni "Phosphorylation of serines 159 and 197 by erk1/2 enhances proteasomal degradation of mkp-3" SIGNOR-270205 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11971971 t lperfetto "Mapk1 is phosphorylated by map2k1/mek1 and map2k2/mek2 on thr-185 and tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or ngf. Both phosphorylations are required for activity." SIGNOR-244776 HTR3C protein Q8WXA8 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 18761359 f miannu "The 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 (5-HT3) receptor is a cation-selective ion channel of the Cys-loop superfamily. 5-HT3 receptor activation in the central and peripheral nervous systems evokes neuronal excitation and neurotransmitter release. " SIGNOR-264320 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1054 AVPEGHEyYRVREDG 9606 8702790 t llicata "These results indicate that tyk2 is activated by phosphorylation on tyr-1054 and/or tyr-1055 and that this phosphorylation requires another kinase, most likely jak1." SIGNOR-43080 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257680 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18394876 t gcesareni "The other major signaling modules that directly regulate the activity of the foxo factors include the stress-activated jun-n-terminal kinase (jnk), the mammalian ortholog of the ste20-like protein kinase (mst1), and the deacetylase sirt1" SIGNOR-178193 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT MXD1 protein Q05195 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser145 IERIRMDsIGSTVSS 9606 18451027 t lperfetto "In this study, we showed that mad1 is a substrate of p90 ribosomal kinase (rsk) and p70 s6 kinase (s6k). Both rsk and s6k phosphorylate serine 145 of mad1 upon serum or insulin stimulation. Ser-145 phosphorylation of mad1 accelerates the ubiquitination and degradation of mad1 through the 26s proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-178586 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270757 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 BTO:0000298 16179383 t miannu "Recent experiments in COS-7 cells transfected with OTR have demonstrated that a rapid GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the agonist-occupied OTR is a key first step leading to its desensitization, and that it precedes and is required for β-arrestin-dependent internalization" SIGNOR-270329 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser314 RAREKRDsRNMEVQV 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Identification of rock1 as an upstream activator of the jip-3 to jnk signaling axis in response to uvb damage. phosphorylation of jip-3 by rock1 was crucial for the recruitment of jnk. Inhibition of the activity of rock1 in keratinocytes resulted in decreased activation of the jnk pathway and thus a reduction in apoptosis." SIGNOR-134580 WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29181 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA. Alternative splicing produces two forms of hTrpRS in human cells: full-length hTrpRS (residues 1-471) and mini-hTrpRS (residues 48-471)" SIGNOR-270509 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 15708372 t "We characterized four Sp1/Sp3 binding sites in the proximal promoter of the PSA gene. In a luciferase assay, these sites contributed to the basal promoter activity in prostate cancer cells. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we confirmed that Sp1 and Sp3 bind to these sites. Overexpression of wild-type Sp1 and Sp3 further upregulated the promoter activity, whereas overexpression of the Sp1 dominant-negative form or addition of mithramycin A significantly reduced the promoter activity and the endogenous mRNA level of PSA." SIGNOR-253665 "SAE1/SAE2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C294 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys254 MESQERIkAERKRMR 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C154 16055711 t lperfetto "We report here that lysine 265 of c-Fos is conjugated by the peptidic posttranslational modifiers SUMO-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3 and that c-Jun can be sumoylated on lysine 257 as well as on the previously described lysine 229. Sumoylation of c-Fos preferentially occurs in the context of c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers.|Inhibition of c-Fos and c-Jun sumoylation stimulates AP-1-dependent transcription activity." SIGNOR-263005 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr433 DCDFGDLtPLDF 9606 10428966 t lperfetto "These results suggest that tfiih-mediated phosphorylation of e2f-1 plays a role in triggering e2f-1 degradation during s phase. here we show that the e2f-1 activation domain interacts with a kinase activity which phosphorylates two sites, ser403 and thr433, within the activation domain." SIGNOR-69780 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT TCF12 protein Q99081 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C128 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241104 TNFSF10 protein P50591 UNIPROT TNFRSF10B protein O14763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "Trail interacts with tril-r1 and trail-r2 and activetes them" SIGNOR-101313 BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 23805129 t lperfetto "The multidrug transporter MRP4, a multidrug resistance protein, is found on platelet dense granules and is proposed to transport adenine nucleotides into these granules (Jedlitschky et al., 2004). Uptake of serotonin from platelet cytosol into dense granules is mediated by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). |VMAT2 also appears to mediate histamine transport into dense granules" SIGNOR-265999 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr38 CADVPLLtPSSKEMM 9606 11948414 t gcesareni "We found that hgf/sf activates the erk1 map kinase, leading to the phosphorylation of the threonine 38 residue of ets1" SIGNOR-116494 8-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one chemical CHEBI:91845 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258860 "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14739464 t miannu "We report that human DET1 (hDET1) promotes ubiquitination and degradation of the proto-oncogenic transcription factor c-Jun by assembling a multisubunit ubiquitin ligase containing DNA Damage Binding Protein-1 (DDB1), cullin 4A (CUL4A), Regulator of Cullins-1 (ROC1), and constitutively photomorphogenic-1.  Ablation of any subunit by RNA interference stabilized c-Jun and increased c-Jun-activated transcription." SIGNOR-271500 UHRF2 protein Q96PU4 UNIPROT PCNP protein Q8WW12 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31487123 t miannu "Ubiquitination of PEST containing nuclear protein (PEST) by NIRF (Np95/ICBP90‐like RING finger protein) in the nuclear core of the cell: Ubiquitin‐like domain in the N‐terminus and a RING finger motif in the C‐terminus of NIRF confirm the ubiquitin ligase function of NIRF. PCNP acts as a substrate for NIRF mediated proteasome activity." SIGNOR-271501 LPAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF2 SIGNOR PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser189 YRPKPSSsPVIFAGG 10090 BTO:0000665 17475908 t miannu "All together, these data indicate that ERK-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at serines 173, 189, and 272, and threonine 213 is responsible for increased hnRNP-E2 protein stability in BCR/ABL-transformed cells." SIGNOR-262669 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0004850 26847029 f irozzo "Our results strongly suggest that BCOR plays an indispensable role in hematopoiesis by inhibiting myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation and offer a mechanistic explanation for how BCOR regulates gene expression such as Hox genes." SIGNOR-256011 FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 7538908 t lperfetto "Fas associates with rip. Rip is a novel form of apoptosis-inducing protein" SIGNOR-235430 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14993287 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor activates m-calpain (calpain ii), at least in part, by extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated phosphorylation.We now show that erk directly phosphorylates and activates m-calpain both in vitro and in vivo. We identified serine 50 as required for epidermal growth factor (egf)-induced calpain activation in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-270078 TRAPPC9 protein Q96Q05 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15951441 t miannu "We demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that NIBP expression in the brain is localized to neurons. NIBP physically interacts with NIK, IKK(beta), but not IKK(alpha) or IKK(gamma). NIBP overexpression potentiates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation through increased phosphorylation of the IKK complex and its downstream I(kappa)B(alpha) and p65 substrates." SIGNOR-269672 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GRB14 protein Q14449 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 QGRSGCSsQSISPMR -1 28130417 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of clustered serine residues in the N-terminus of BPS domain negatively regulates formation of the complex between human Grb14 and insulin receptor| In vitro kinase assay using the motif-derived peptides showed that the serine residues located in N-terminal (Ser358, Ser362 and Ser366) and C-terminal (Ser419 and Ser423) regions of the BPS domain were phosphorylated by GSK-3." SIGNOR-264867 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr447 SEELDENyVPMNPNS 9606 BTO:0000527;BTO:0000017 9890893 t lperfetto "Gab-1 is a multisubstrate docking protein downstream in the signaling pathways of different receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)the entire protein was phosphorylated by regfr at eight tyrosine residues (y285, y373, y406, y447, y472, y619, y657, and y689)." SIGNOR-236420 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257519 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 18174238 t gcesareni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip) analysis confirmed the serum-induced recruitment of jund to the promoter in vivo and showed that the presence of jund was dependent on the presence of p65 and p50, indicating a protein-protein-dependent mechanism of jund recruitment" SIGNOR-160330 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser211 PGKETNEsPWRSDLL 10090 20660302 t "We demonstrate here that AMPK differentially modulates glucocorticoid action by phosphorylating the human GR at serine 211 indirectly through the activation of p38 MAPK" SIGNOR-255952 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14556242 t lperfetto "In the responding cell, active Hedgehog binds to its receptor Patched, a 12-pass transmembrane protein, which frees Smoothened, an adjacent 7-pass transmembrane protein, for downstream signaling.Thus, a balance is created by the antagonism of Hedgehog and Patched, whose relative concentrations alternate with respect to each other." SIGNOR-118615 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser53 GHSTGEDsAFQEPDS 9606 16085715 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of serines 53 and 123 (s53 and s123) of wee1a by polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) and cdk, respectively, are required for binding to beta-trcp." SIGNOR-139477 Quadazocine chemical CID:115077 PUBCHEM OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258420 INTS13 protein Q9NVM9 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261469 "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 28669924 t miannu "KMT2D associates with WRAD (WDR5, RbBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30), NCOA6, PTIP, PA1, and H3K27 demethylase UTX in one protein complex. It acts as a scaffold protein within the complex and is responsible for maintaining the stability of UTX. KMT2D is a major mammalian H3K4 mono-methyltransferase and co-localizes with lineage determining transcription factors on transcriptional enhancers. It is required for the binding of histone H3K27 acetyltransferases CBP and p300 on enhancers, enhancer activation and cell-type specific gene expression during differentiation." SIGNOR-268814 VPS72 protein Q15906 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269290 ETV4 protein P43268 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093;BTO:0000815 8895512 f miannu "Our results suggest that PEA3 specifically transactivates vimentin promoter through PEA3 site. Among members of the ETS transcription factor family only Erg showed ability to transactivate vimentin promoter besides PEA3." SIGNOR-254070 RNF38 protein Q9H0F5 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23973461 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that RNF38 is a functional ubiquitin protein ligase (E3). We show that RNF38 isoform 1 is localized to the nucleus by a bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS). We confirm that RNF38 is a binding partner of p53 and demonstrate that RNF38 can ubiquitinate p53 in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we show that overexpression of RNF38 in HEK293T cells results in relocalization of p53 to discrete foci associated with PML nuclear bodies. " SIGNOR-272130 MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001321 32814769 t miannu "We identified several E3 ligases as strong candidates responsible for AR and MYC protein loss as HECTD4, MYCBP2, and TRIM49. HECTD4 and MYCBP2 target AR and MYC for degradation while TRIM49 appears to promote AR and MYC stability. We have shown that these E3 ligases in turn are directly regulated by MYC. MYC in turn represses the expression of ubiquitin ligases, HECTD4 and MYCBP2 that promote AR and MYC protein degradation, further suppressing MYC and AR in a feed forward loop." SIGNOR-267149 CDH4 protein P55283 UNIPROT CDH15 protein P55291 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" 10090 BTO:0000165 18701479 f lperfetto "Taken together, these data show that (a) R-cadherin decreases the expression of M-cadherin and (b) N-cadherin and M-cadherin only slightly accumulate at the cell contacts in R-cadherin–expressing myoblasts." SIGNOR-253106 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr515 QKYSMDNtPHTPTPF BTO:0000007 10593981 t llicata "Ten phosphorylation sites carboxyl-terminal to the DNA-binding domain were identified by this method: threonines at positions 267, 408, 497, 519, 522, and 524 and serines at positions 283, 396, 455, and 581. | Our results indicate that B-Myb can be phosphorylated in a cell-free system by both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. | These data suggest that B-Myb is a target for phosphorylation by cyclin-Cdk2 and that phosphorylation of B-Myb regulates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-250739 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RGS7 protein P49802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 12077120 t miannu "TNF-α rapidly increases the concentration of functionally active RGS7 protein through two mechanisms. TNF-induced dephosphorylation of serine 434 liberates RGS7 from 14-3-3 binding and inhibition. , PKC α catalyzes the incorporation of phosphate into a truncation of RGS7 fused to maltose-binding protein (MBP.RGS7315–469)." SIGNOR-263165 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr310 GTARRTGtPSDPRRR -1 12885254 t "GSK3beta selectively phosphorylates p120 on S252 and T310 in Vitro" SIGNOR-251235 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr231 NANGEAVyCKFHYKT 9606 12950161 t lperfetto "C-abl and arg phosphorylated catalase at tyr231 and tyr386 in vitro.catalase is a major effector in the defense of aerobic cells against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that catalase activity is stimulated by the c-abl and arg tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-86581 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11602624 f gcesareni "Here we report that metformin activates ampk in hepatocytes." SIGNOR-111034 PVR protein P15151 UNIPROT TIGIT protein Q495A1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30591568 t lperfetto "Poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155) is a ligand of the paired NK receptors, DNAM-1 (activating) and TIGIT (inhibiting). NK cells can kill cancer cells expressing PVR via the DNAM-1-mediated activating signaling (11,12)." SIGNOR-261425 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 15531580 t lperfetto "Purified akt directly phosphorylates recombinant ezrin at threonine 567 in vitro in an atp-dependent manner. ezrin activation after initiation of na+-glucose cotransport requires akt2 expression" SIGNOR-244263 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT DACT3 protein Q96B18 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004094 22144423 f miannu "For three selected genes (ALDH1A1, SSTR1, and DACT3), we validated their upregulation upon EZH2 knockdown and confirmed the binding of EZH2/H3K27Me3 to their genomic loci." SIGNOR-254142 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr508 PDRKKRYtVVGNPYW 9606 10559936 t lperfetto "Activation of lim-kinase by pak1 couplesp21-activated kinase (pak1) phosphorylates lim-kinase at threonine residue 508 within lim-kinase's activation loop" SIGNOR-72142 NHP2 protein Q9NX24 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 18680434 t lperfetto "A complex of four proteins (GAR1, NHP2, NOP10, and the putative pseudouridine synthase dyskerin) associates with snoRNAs to form small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs), and the binding of this complex to the H/ACA domain of TERC may have a role in the biogenesis of the telomerase RNP" SIGNOR-263330 SOD3 protein P08294 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272271 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLPRPE 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252830 GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257187 RBBP7 protein Q16576 UNIPROT HAT1 protein O14929 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 28143904 t lperfetto "AMPK increased HAT1 activity through phosphorylation of HAT1-Ser190 and RBBP7-Ser314| interaction between RBBP7 and HAT1 is required for acetyltransferase activity" SIGNOR-264786 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1179 GLENGLNyIDLDLVK 9606 17827393 t gcesareni "Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)." SIGNOR-157730 amitriptyline chemical CHEBI:2666 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258703 DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT MYO1E protein Q12965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 17257598 t miannu "We describe binding of two PRD-containing endocytic proteins, dynamin and synaptojanin-1, to the SH3 domain of Myo1E. This interaction was detected both in vitro, using pull-downs of purified proteins, and in vivo, using immunoprecipitation of protein complexes from synapse-enriched brain extract and immunolocalization of Myo1E and dynamin. Our observation of the interaction between human Myo1E and endocytic proteins suggests that this longtailed myosin may play a role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis.Interaction between Myo1E SH3 domain and PRD-containing endocytic proteins may promote recruitment of Myo1E to clathrin-coated structures since an inactivating mutation in the SH3 domain reduced Myo1E localization to clathrin-containing puncta." SIGNOR-265424 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000443 23021218 f lperfetto "PGC1a is known to drive the expression of many genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including cytochrome c (CytC) and the cyto- chrome C oxidative (COX) subunits (CoxIII, Cox4il, Cox5b, Cox7a, and Cox8b)." SIGNOR-253097 TALDO1 protein P37837 UNIPROT "sedoheptulose 7-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:15721 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19401148 t miannu "Transaldolase (TAL, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone transferase; EC number 2.2.1.2) is a cofactor-less enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig. 1A and B). It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a three carbon unit (“dihydroxyacetone”) between various sugar phosphates (from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in length). Physiological donor compounds are ketose sugar phosphates as fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Acceptor compounds are aldose sugar phosphates as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate." SIGNOR-267089 HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT IGFBP1 protein P08833 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003697 17350963 f miannu "The functional role of HOXA10 in IGFBP1 expression was further explored using human endometrial stromal cells (HSC). Overexpression of HOXA10 in HSC resulted in a decrease of IGFBP1 mRNA, whereas silencing HOXA10 caused an increase of IGFBP1 mRNA, even in the presence of H + dbcAMP. These data demonstrate that HOXA10 negatively influences IGFBP1 expression in decidualizing cells." SIGNOR-254467 DBH protein P09172 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10090 7961964 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; EC 1.14.17.1) catalyzes the production of the neurotransmitter and hormone norepinephrine in the third step of the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway." SIGNOR-264005 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser36 RHDSGLDsMKDEEYE 9606 9346241 t lperfetto "We described the purification of a 900 kda protein kinase complex, the ikb kinase (ikk), that phosphorylates ikbalfa and ikbbeta at the sites that mediate their ubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-216389 COMMD5 protein Q9GZQ3 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30021164 f miannu "Here, we demonstrate that COMMD5 is crucial for the stability of the cytoskeleton. Its silencing leads to a major re-organization of actin and microtubule networks. The N terminus of COMMD5 binds to the endosomal Rab5, and its C terminus, including the COMMD domain, binds to the cytoskeletal scaffolding. COMMD5 participates in long-range endosome transport, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) recycling, and provides the strength to deform and assist the scission of vesicles into sorting endosomes. This study establishes the molecular mechanism by which COMMD5 acts as an adaptor protein to coordinate endosomal trafficking and reveals its important role for EGFR transport and activity." SIGNOR-261692 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds has been previously shown to activate a wide variety of small gtpases, including the ras family members rap1a, rap1b, and k-ras, as well as the rho family members cdc42, rac1, rac2, rhoa, and rhob" SIGNOR-171415 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MED1 protein Q15648 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1457 HSKSPAYtPQNLDSE 9606 12356758 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-binding protein (pbp). Stimulation of transcriptional regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinase" SIGNOR-93993 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT PHLDA1 protein Q8WV24 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser95 PLCLLRVsLLCALRA 9606 BTO:0006218 21807936 t miannu "Aurora A directly phosphorylates PHLDA1 leading to its degradation. Aurora A phosphorylates PHLDA1 at Ser 98." SIGNOR-273545 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT POU6F1 protein Q14863 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser197 KLDITPKsAQKLKPV -1 31665313 t miannu " Here, we report that Aurora kinase A phosphorylates mPOU at Ser197 and inhibit its DNA-binding ability. " SIGNOR-273546 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr143 RCFTRKYtLPPGVDP 9606 19593530 t "11383510: to test the hypothesis that cGK could inhibit platelet aggregation by phosphorylating Hsp27 and interfering with the MAPKAP kinase phosphorylation of Hsp27, the known MAPKAP kinase 2-phosphorylation sites (Ser15, Ser78, and Ser82) as well as Thr143 were replaced by negatively charged amino acids, which are considered to mimic phosphate groups, and tested in actin polymerization experiments. Mimicry at the MAPKAP kinase 2 phosphorylation sites led to mutants with a stimulating effect on actin polymerization" lperfetto "Purified pkg isoforms ia, ib, and ii all caused incorporation of phosphate in recombinant hsp27 at ser-78, ser-82, and thr-143, but not ser-15.These Studies indicate that hsp27 is a genuine substrate for pkg and that pkg may mediate inhibition of platelet aggregation through phosphorylation of hsp27 and subsequent prevent of actin polymerization" SIGNOR-186792 AVPR1B protein P47901 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257176 ARHGAP11B protein Q3KRB8 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260467 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270847 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr779 LYKEATStFTNITYR -1 10896934 t "Threonine phosphorylation of the beta 3 integrin cytoplasmic tail, at a site recognized by PDK1 and Akt/PKB in vitro, regulates Shc binding.|We recently observed that phosphorylation of a threonine (Thr-753), six amino acids proximal to tyrosine 759 in beta(3) of the platelet specific integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3), inhibits outside-in signaling through this receptor.| A survey of several protein kinases revealed that Thr-753 was avidly phosphorylated by PDK1 and Akt/PKB in vitro." SIGNOR-251479 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR-C3 21460634 t lperfetto "Ampk in turn inactivates mtorc1 directly by phosphorylating raptor and indirectly by phosphorylating tsc2." SIGNOR-173035 PLAGL1 protein Q9UM63 UNIPROT ABCC6 protein O95255 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000599 18850323 f miannu "We identified ABCC6 as a target gene for transcriptional induction by PLAG1 and PLAGL1, transcription factors from the PLAG family of cell cycle progression-related DNA-binding proteins. Both these factors are shown to bind to the same single consensus-binding element in the ABCC6 proximal promoter in cell lines of hepatic and renal origin by reporter gene assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. PLAG-mediated ABCC6 transactivation may play an important role in determining the level of tissue-specific expression of this gene. The described mechanism can also find potential application in therapeutic interventions in forms of PXE related to impaired ABCC6 expression." SIGNOR-254926 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 11676916 t miannu "BAG-1 stimulates CHIP-induced degradation of the glucocorticoid hormone receptor (GR). A model for the cooperation of CHIP and BAG-1 in coupling Hsc/Hsp70 to the ubiquitin/proteasome system. CHIP associates with Hsc/Hsp70 via its TPR chaperone adaptor (TPR) and, at the same time, recruits E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the Ubc4/5 family to the chaperone complex. BAG-1 binds to Hsp70 via its BAG domain (BAG) and utilizes its ubiquitin-like domain (ubl) for proteasomal association" SIGNOR-272588 HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257129 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12607003 t fstefani "We show that, in response to ionizing radiation, mdc1 is hyperphosphorylated in an atm-dependent manner, and rapidly relocalizes to nuclear foci that also contain the mre11 complex, phosphorylated histone h2ax and 53bp1." SIGNOR-98798 "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-267936 SNRPB protein P14678 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270628 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr142 AVVNLINyQDDAELA -1 12640114 t "Interaction of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin is regulated by the phosphorylation of beta-catenin Tyr-142. This residue can be phosphorylated in vitro by Fer or Fyn tyrosine kinases.  Transfection of these kinases to epithelial cells disrupted the association between both catenins." SIGNOR-251162 PEX2 protein P28328 UNIPROT PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 19687296 t miannu "Here we report on the identification of the protein-ubiquitin ligases that are responsible for the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal protein import receptor Pex5. It is demonstrated that each of the three RING peroxins Pex2, Pex10, and Pex12 exhibits ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity. Our results show that Pex2 mediates the Ubc4-dependent polyubiquitination whereas Pex12 facilitates the Pex4-dependent monoubiquitination of Pex5.While polyubiquitinated Pex5 is degraded by the proteasome, monoubiquitinated Pex5 is destined for a new round of the receptor cycle." SIGNOR-253021 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21423276 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-172917 methionine smallmolecule CHEBI:16811 ChEBI Met-tRNA(Met) chemical CHEBI:16635 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270402 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser358 WPLSRTRsEPLPPSA 9606 21892142 t lperfetto "Another recently described set of transcriptional regulators targeted by ampk and its related family members across a range of eukaryotes are the class iia family of histone deacetylases (hdacs)." SIGNOR-216558 FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20457810 f fspada "We conclude that, by interacting with fibronectin, pref-1 activates integrin downstream signaling to activate mek/erk and to inhibit adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-165350 ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257364 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT ELF4 protein Q99607 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29736013 t miannu "Our findings reveal a dual role for UTX in suppressing acute myeloid leukaemia via repression of oncogenic ETS and upregulation of tumor suppressive GATA programs. several ETS transcription factors, including Elf4, Etv6, Erg, Fli1, Ets2, Spi1 and Elk3 were upregulated immediately after Utx loss in the preleukaemic phase" SIGNOR-260031 TRIM39 protein Q9HCM9 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 23213260 t miannu "Furthermore, we show here that the Trim39 can directly bind and ubiquitylate p53 in vitro and in vivo, leading to p53 degradation." SIGNOR-272020 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19440552 f miannu "Stem cell factor SALL4 represses the transcriptions of PTEN and SALL1 through an epigenetic repressor complex." SIGNOR-255126 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DRB4 protein P13762 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002417 10886240 f "These results indicate that impaired up-regulation of HLA-DR in response to IFN-gamma results from insufficient induction of CIITA, but not from the signal from IFN-gamma receptor to the nucleus. The abnormal regulation of HLA-DR expression caused by impaired induction of CIITA may affect CD4+ T cell development in thymoma." SIGNOR-254012 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 ETRICKIyDSPCLPE 9606 BTO:0002882 11684015 t lperfetto "RAD51 is one of six mitotic human homologs of the E. coli RecA protein (RAD51-Paralogs) that play a central role in homologous recombination and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).|Phosphorylation of the RAD51 Tyr-315 residue by BCR/ABL appears essential for enhanced DSB repair and drug resistance." SIGNOR-271707 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG -1 10022904 t llicata "Our data indicate that IKKα stimulates IKKβ kinase activity for the IκBα substrate. Finally, we demonstrate that IKKα can phosphorylate IKKβ in in vitro kinase assays." SIGNOR-250771 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAI2 protein P04899 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23074268 t lperfetto "it was proposed that Smo might signal through activation of Gi proteins to reduce PKA activity." SIGNOR-199162 RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001545 26607380 t miannu "Large-scale AML genome re-sequencing efforts have identified novel recurrently mutated genes, including the members of the cohesin complex (RAD21, SMC3, SMC1A, and STAG2), implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease.Using ATAC-seq, we determined that mutant cohesin lead to a state of elevated chromatin accessibility and higher predicted binding at transcription factor binding sites for ERG, GATA2, and RUNX1. Moreover, using ChIP-Seq, we formally demonstrated increased binding of GATA2 and RUNX1 to these sites. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of these three TFs in human HSPC can revert the differentiation block induced by mutant cohesin. These results support a model in which mutant cohesin impairs hematopoietic differentiation and enforces stem cell programs through the modulation of ERG, GATA2, and RUNX1 chromatin accessibility, expression, and activity." SIGNOR-261514 GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT ARHGEF12 protein Q9NZN5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 12024019 t "P115 RhoGEF stimulates the intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity of G alpha 12/13 subunits and acts as an effector for G13-coupled receptors by linking receptor activation to RhoA activation." SIGNOR-256519 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT TYR protein P14679 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser523 MEKEDYHsLYQSHL 9606 10347209 t llicata "We conclude that pkc-beta activates tyrosinase directly by phosphorylating serine residues at positions 505 and 509 in the cytoplasmic domain of this melanosome-associated protein. our results strongly suggest that direct phosphorylation of tyrosinase by pkc-_ leads to its activation." SIGNOR-67866 LIMS3 protein P0CW19 UNIPROT "IPP complex" complex SIGNOR-C380 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16493410 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin form a ternary complex (the IPP complex) that binds to ECM-ligated integrins. This complex regulates signalling pathways and connects the ECM with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-265765 SNRPE protein P62304 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270681 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser539 SLFNVSPsCSSFNSP 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17609368 t lperfetto "Ampk phosphorylates pgc-1alpha directly both in vitro and in cells. These direct phosphorylations of the pgc-1alpha protein at threonine-177 and serine-538." SIGNOR-216647 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT SIVA1 protein O15304 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr34 RGVCAERySQEVFEK 9606 11278261 t llicata "Our results also demonstrate that mutation of the siva-1 tyr48 site abrogates the apoptotic function of siva-1 and that apoptosis induced by siva-1 is dependent on expression of kinase-active arg." SIGNOR-104992 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI Fatty_Acid_Biosynthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH190 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000759 24692351 f scontino "TH stimulates both lipolysis and lipogenesis, although the direct action is lipolysis with lipogenesis thought to be stimulated to restore fat stores. Fatty acids produced from TH-induced lipolysis are the substrate for the increase in thermogenesis." SIGNOR-267488 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9825 BTO:0004007 phosphorylation:Tyr1175 AQQDGKDyIVLPISE 9405464 t "VEGF pathway" Gianni "In a similar fashion, KDR associates with Grb2 and Nck in a ligand-dependent fashion, suggesting Shc, Grb2, and Nck as potential candidates involved in the regulation of endothelial function." SIGNOR-261949 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRM2 protein Q14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate" SIGNOR-264071 (R)-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:16347 ChEBI O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17490 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267117 SENP1 protein Q9P0U3 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" desumoylation Lys276 NVVYRDLkLENLMLD 10090 BTO:0002572 23884910 t gcesareni "Although multiple sites on Akt could be SUMOylated, K276 was identified as a major SUMO acceptor site. K276R or E278A mutation reduced SUMOylation of Akt but had little effect on its ubiquitination. Strikingly, these mutations also completely abolished Akt kinase activity. In support of these results, we found that expression of PIAS1 and SUMO1 increased Akt activity, whereas expression of SENP1 reduced Akt1 activity." SIGNOR-252736 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 20829358 f miannu "We show that the mechanism of baf155-mediated stabilization of baf57 involves blocking its ubiquitination by preventing interaction with trip12, an e3 ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-167869 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PINX1 protein Q96BK5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser110 SDKKEKKsFSLEEKS 9606 20573420 t lperfetto "Here, we show that polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) is a novel interacting protein of pinx1. Plk1 interacts with and phosphorylates pinx1 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, plk1-mediated phosphorylation of pinx1 at five phosphorylation sites is essential for its plk1-induced degradation." SIGNOR-166317 pimozide chemical CHEBI:8212 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258378 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser377 PPFNPNVsGPNDLRH -1 12023960 t miannu "In contrast, we demonstrate for the first time that NEK6 phosphorylates SGK1 efficiently at its hydrophobic motif in vitro and peptide-mapping analysis indicates that this is the major site of phosphorylation (Fig 3). Ser377 is a more minor site of phosphorylation located in the kinase domain of SGK1, which has not been reported to undergo phosphorylation previously. the phosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif of SGK1 in vitro, coupled with the phosphorylation of the T-loop with PDK1, may be a useful way of generating fully active wild type SGK1" SIGNOR-262954 CFH protein P08603 UNIPROT CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 26961257 t miannu "In this study, we provide mechanistic insight into how CRP contributes to the development of AMD. In particular, we show that monomeric CRP (mCRP) but not the pentameric form (pCRP) upregulates IL-8 and CCL2 levels in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Further, we show that complement factor H (FH) binds mCRP to dampen its proinflammatory activity. FH from AMD patients carrying the “risk” His402 polymorphism displays impaired binding to mCRP, and therefore proinflammatory effects of mCRP remain unrestrained." SIGNOR-252145 LY294002 chemical CHEBI:65329 ChEBI PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10896679 t gcesareni "Here we show that inhibition of pi3-k activity by the pharmacological agent ly294002 affects early processes of myoblast differentiation including the transcriptional activation of myogenin." SIGNOR-79347 SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17003045 f gcesareni "The ring finger ubiquitin ligase siah2 controls the stability of various substrates involved in stress and hypoxia responses, including the phd3, which controls the stability of hif-1alpha" SIGNOR-149893 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser187 NSHPFPHsPNSSYPN 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248313 GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257429 HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT TRA2B protein P62995 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31311954 t lperfetto "HnRNPA1 interacts with G-quadruplex in the TRA2B promoter and stimulates its transcription in human colon cancer cells." SIGNOR-262288 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr42 SGVEVRVtPTRTEII 9606 15950189 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylates threonine 42 residue of ribosomal protein s3." SIGNOR-137175 ARHGAP4 protein P98171 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260460 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f lperfetto "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253682 "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004093 25786978 f lperfetto "First, EPCs incorporated into the neovascular region recognize the TGFBIp secreted by cells in the environment via binding to integrins a4 and a5. Second, binding of TGFBIp to integrins in EPCs induces phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules in a pathway necessary for TGFBIp-mediated angiogenic activity of EPCs. In addition, binding of TGFBIp to integrins activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway that induces expression of DLL1 and JAG1 in EPCs." SIGNOR-253287 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser280 VDGTGDTsSEEDEDE -1 11278496 t llicata "We now show that human TFIIA is phosphorylated in vivo on serine residues that are partially conserved between yeast and human TFIIA large subunits. Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo. Additional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels. Mutation of all four serine residues reduced the ability of TFIIA to stimulate transcription in transient transfection assays with various activators and promoters, indicating that TFIIA phosphorylation is required globally for optimal function." SIGNOR-250995 "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 BTO:0000567 12670868 t miannu "The Set1/Ash2 HMT methylates histone H3 at Lys 4 (K4), but not if the neighboring K9 residue is already methylated." SIGNOR-264482 lisuride chemical CHEBI:51164 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9205951 t miannu "The actions of several serotonergic ligands in use or under development for the treatment of migraine headaches were examined at recombinant human 5-HT1A receptors stably expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Of the prophylactic antimigraine drugs tested, methysergide and lisuride behaved as efficacious agonists (Emax > or = 90% relative to 5-HT) whereas pitozifen and (-)propranolol acted as a partial agonist (60%) and an antagonist, respectively." SIGNOR-258615 TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25122198 t miannu "we identified pro-hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a TMPRSS2 substrate and confirmed that HGF and it’s cognate receptor c-Met are activated in prostate cancers expressing TMPRSS2, a finding that also associated with the acquisition of a pro-invasive mesenchymal gene expression program." SIGNOR-263657 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR3E protein A5X5Y0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264291 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TENT2 protein Q6PIY7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser116 LSGERRYsMPPLFHT 9606 BTO:0000007 31057087 t miannu "We found that Gld2 activity is regulated by site-specific phosphorylation in its disordered N-terminal domain. We identified two phosphorylation sites (S62, S110) where phosphomimetic substitutions increased Gld2 activity and one site (S116) that markedly reduced activity. Using mass spectrometry, we confirmed that HEK 293 cells readily phosphorylate the N-terminus of Gld2. We identified protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase B (Akt1) as the kinases that site-specifically phosphorylate Gld2 at S116, abolishing Gld2-mediated nucleotide addition." SIGNOR-259405 MVD protein P53602 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9534 12646231 f miannu "An overexpression of mot-2 resulted in reduced level of Ras and phosphorylated ERK2. These were rescued by co-expression of MPD from an exogenous promoter demonstrating a functional link between mot-2, MPD, and Ras. Ras and its oncogenic forms act as key players in controlling proliferation of normal and cancerous cells. Assigning mot-2 upstream of p21Ras offers an important mechanism for influence over cell proliferation. Therefore, we ra tionaled to investigate if overexpression of MPD could affect the steady state levels of Ras by affecting its prenylationTransient transfections of MPD-myc in COS 7 cells resulted in higher stable levels of Ras as compared to the untransfected cells (Fig. 3A, compare lanes 4 and 8 and Fig. 3B)" SIGNOR-265888 BCL7B protein Q9BQE9 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270721 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23070005 t miannu "For TNFR1, the cytokine TNFα binds to the receptor and triggers its trimerization, which leads to the assembly of the receptor complex and initiation of signaling." SIGNOR-199091 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr293 QSAQSLAtPVVSVAT 9606 9069290 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q06413-3" lperfetto "We found that in monocytic cells, lps increases the transactivation activity of mef2c through p38-catalysed phosphorylation." SIGNOR-47136 UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 19687296 t miannu "Here we report on the identification of the protein-ubiquitin ligases that are responsible for the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal protein import receptor Pex5. It is demonstrated that each of the three RING peroxins Pex2, Pex10, and Pex12 exhibits ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity. Our results show that Pex2 mediates the Ubc4-dependent polyubiquitination whereas Pex12 facilitates the Pex4-dependent monoubiquitination of Pex5.While polyubiquitinated Pex5 is degraded by the proteasome, monoubiquitinated Pex5 is destined for a new round of the receptor cycle." SIGNOR-253022 GATOR2 complex SIGNOR-C193 SIGNOR GATOR1 complex SIGNOR-C192 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 7227 23723238 t "Thus, GATOR2 is an inhibitor of an inhibitor (GATOR1) of the amino acid sensing branch of the TORC1 pathway" SIGNOR-253564 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr328 YSPRSFEdCGGGYTP 9606 9467953 t Manara "Thus, we propose that the phosphorylation of tyrosine 328 and 360 within Bcr by Bcr ± Abl will drastically interfere with Bcr's kinase role in either signal transduction or some other cellular mechanism." SIGNOR-260829 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 9606 SIGNOR-C17 12058066 t gcesareni "Both subtypes of B23 proteins were phosphorylated during mitosis by cyclin B/cdc2. The RNA binding activity of B23.1 was repressed through cyclin B/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation at specific sites in B23. Thus, the RNA binding activity of B23.1 is stringently modulated by its phosphorylation and subtype association." SIGNOR-89597 CDH12 protein P55289 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265852 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270802 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1026 PQQGFFSsPSTSRTP 9606 BTO:0000017 8360196 t gcesareni "Using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequence surrounding ser-1002, p34cdc2 was identified as a kinase capable of phosphorylating this serine residue. phosphorylation of the egf receptor by p34cdc2 was associated with a decrease in its tyrosine protein kinase activity." SIGNOR-38313 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 AAAGPALsPVPPVVH 9606 18570871 t gcesareni "Jnk1-mediated phosphorylation of bcl-2 regulates starvation-induced autophagy." SIGNOR-179092 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 CSKIGPPsPGDDEEE 9606 17685427 t llicata "Here, we show that sp3, which, as sp1, belongs to the gc-rich binding transcription factor family, is also phosphorylated by erk in vitro on serine 73. in the inducible cell lines, expression of wild-type form of sp3 increases vegf production whereas the s73a form has a reduced potential reflecting its lower transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-157272 DAPT chemical CHEBI:86193 ChEBI PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 16569643 t gcesareni "The catalytic aspartates are necessary for binding of the transition state analogue inhibitor, l-685,458, to ps1. It is possible that these catalytic aspartates also contribute to the direct interaction of ps with dapt." SIGNOR-145385 PRPS2 protein P11908 UNIPROT Nucleotide_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH179 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0006038 29074724 f lperfetto "We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation or hypoxia results in the AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) S180 and PRPS2 S183, leading to conversion of PRPS hexamers to monomers and thereby inhibiting PRPS1/2 activity, nucleotide synthesis, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production." SIGNOR-265734 PLEKHG6 protein Q3KR16 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260567 "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57970 ChEBI "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21173190 t lperfetto "The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA).¬†" SIGNOR-267016 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 21329883 t lperfetto "Upon mitogen stimulation, triggering of the innate immune response, re-exposure to glucose, or oncogene activation, tbk1 is recruited to the exocyst, where it activates akt. Akt is a direct tbk1 substrate that connects tbk1 to prosurvival signaling." SIGNOR-172132 4-(4-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-amine chemical CID:196968 PUBCHEM HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206658 CAPN3 protein P20807 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25969760 t lperfetto "Thus, it has been shown that calpain cleaves the inhibitory domain of GSK3 generating two fragments of 40 and 30 kDa. This cleavage enhanced activity of the kinase" SIGNOR-251606 U2AF2 protein P26368 UNIPROT U2AF1/U2AF2 complex SIGNOR-C78 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8647433 t miannu "The splicing factor u2af (u2 snrnp auxiliary factor) is a heterodimer with subunits of 65 and 35 kd (u2af65 and u2af35)." SIGNOR-41948 Viral_dsRNA stimulus SIGNOR-ST21 SIGNOR G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 30804210 t SARA "The RGG domain of G3BP1 could mediate the direct binding of HCV-dsRNA and poly(IC)" SIGNOR-260979 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9878062 f lperfetto "AP‐1 proteins, including c‐Fos and c‐Jun, are prominent nuclear targets of growth factor induced signaling, making AP‐1 a candidate nuclear effector of growth factor induced proliferation." SIGNOR-252356 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr842 CTETFTGtLQYMAPE 9606 17937911 t lperfetto "Reporter gene assays showed that all three identified in vitro autophosphorylation sites (thr813, thr838, thr842) regulate ask1 signalingmutation of thr838 drastically reduced reporter gene activity when compared to unstimulated control levels. Interestingly, mutation of the other two sites also provided a significant reduction in ask1 function (figure 6a), suggesting that autophosphorylation at the residues thr842 and thr813 regulates ask1 signaling." SIGNOR-158431 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15048128 t gcesareni "Pkb inhibits smad3 by preventing its phosphorylation, binding to smad4 and nuclear translocation. [...] Regulation of smad3 by pkb occurs through a kinase-activity-independent mechanism, resulting in a decrease in smad3-mediated transcription and protection of cells against tgf-beta-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-252345 ML240 chemical CHEBI:143014 ChEBI VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23316025 t Monia "Inhibition of p97 by ML240 and ML241 is ATP competitive. To determine the mechanism by which ML240 and ML241 inhibited p97 ATPase, we evaluated rates of ATP hydrolysis at different concentrations of ATP. ML240 and ML241 inhibited p97competitively with respect to ATP with a Kivalues of 0.22 mm and 0.35 mm respectively." SIGNOR-261066 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AB2 protein P0C5Z0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265407 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT TAGLN protein Q01995 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21673106 f gcesareni "The contractile phenotype of smooth muscle (sm) cells is controlled by serum response factor (srf), which drives the expression of sm-specific genes including sm alpha-actin, sm22, and others." SIGNOR-174393 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser286 SSMSSCGsSGYFSSS 9606 22017877 t lperfetto "We found that deptor was rapidly phosphorylated on three serines in a conserved degron, facilitating binding and ubiquitylation by the f box protein _trcp, with consequent proteasomal degradation of deptor. Phosphorylation of the _trcp degron in deptor is executed by ck1" SIGNOR-252797 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation." SIGNOR-265918 ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT IBSP protein P21815 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11175361 t miannu "Ets2 is expressed at high levels during the differentiation and matrix mineralization phases of MC3T3-E1 culture. In addition, several extracellular matrix (ECM) associated gene products are targets of Ets2. Some of these matrix associated genes include: bone sialoprotein, osteonectin, osteocalcin and osteopontin" SIGNOR-259873 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 SIGNOR-C14 11460167 t lperfetto "Tak1 become activated and then phosphorylates and activates ikk2 which in turn now phosphorylates ikba, marking it for k48-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. tak1 kinase complex phosphorylates and activates ikk in a manner that depends on traf6 and ubc13-uev1a our studies suggests that tak1_ acts as an upstream activating kinase for ikkbeta." SIGNOR-109494 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32201502 f MIANNU "Ang II binding to AT1 receptors has been implicated in inflammatory responses. Activation of this Ang II–AT1 receptor-dependent pathway is widely accepted to lead to organ damage and fibrosis." SIGNOR-260234 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PDCD6IP protein Q8WUM4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr319 KKDNDFIyHDRVPDL 9606 15557335 t miannu "Src phosphorylation of Alix/AIP1 modulates its interaction with binding partners and antagonizes its activities. Phosphorylation of Alix by Src caused it to translocate from the membrane and cytoskeleton to the cytoplasm and reduced its interaction with binding partners SETA/CIN85, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Pyk2." SIGNOR-263201 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr366 ASSSTSVtPDVSDNE -1 12297295 t llicata "We used mass spectrometric methods to identify Ser(370) and Ser(385) as in vivo phosphorylation sites of PTEN. These sites also are phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro, and phosphorylation inhibits PTEN activity towards its substrate, PIP3. We also identify a novel in vivo phosphorylation site, Thr(366). " SIGNOR-251026 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr276 DGIMYYLtPQWDKIL 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262920 SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 11498022 t gcesareni "Aps couples c-cbl to theinsulinreceptor, resulting in ubiquitination of theinsulinreceptor. The aps adapter protein couples theinsulinreceptor to the phosphorylation of c-cbl and facilitates ligand-stimulated ubiquitination of theinsulinreceptor." SIGNOR-109691 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 17673906 f lperfetto "We report that upon TGF__ stimulation, the activated TGF__ type I receptor (T_RI) recruits and directly phosphorylates ShcA proteins on tyrosine and serine. This dual phosphorylation results from an intrinsic T_RI tyrosine kinase activity that complements its well_defined serine_threonine kinase function. TGF___induced ShcA phosphorylation induces ShcA association with Grb2 and Sos, thereby initiating the well_characterised pathway linking receptor tyrosine kinases with Erk MAP kinases." SIGNOR-242628 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT SRPK2 protein P78362 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser494 HDRSRTVsASSTGDL 9606 BTO:0000007 29153836 t no miannu " Here, we demonstrate that mTORC1 promotes lipid biogenesis via SRPK2, a key regulator of RNA-binding SR proteins. mTORC1-activated S6K1 phosphorylates SRPK2 at Ser494, which primes Ser497 phosphorylation by CK1. These phosphorylation events promote SRPK2 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of SR proteins." SIGNOR-275459 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT SRPK2 protein P78362 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser497 SRTVSASsTGDLPKA 9606 BTO:0000007 29153836 t no miannu " Here, we demonstrate that mTORC1 promotes lipid biogenesis via SRPK2, a key regulator of RNA-binding SR proteins. mTORC1-activated S6K1 phosphorylates SRPK2 at Ser494, which primes Ser497 phosphorylation by CK1. These phosphorylation events promote SRPK2 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of SR proteins." SIGNOR-275460 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MEFV protein O15553 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser242 SGKMRPRsLEVTIST 10090 BTO:0004732 27270401 t no miannu "PKNs bind to human pyrin and phosphorylate S208 and S242. Pyrin forms an inflammasome when mutant or in response to bacterial modification of the GTPase RhoA. We found that RhoA activated the serine-threonine kinases PKN1 and PKN2 that bind and phosphorylate pyrin. Phosphorylated pyrin bound to 14-3-3 proteins, regulatory proteins that in turn blocked the pyrin inflammasome." SIGNOR-275461 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257940 PDCD1 protein Q15116 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000782 22740686 f Barakat "MEK1/2 was phosphorylated and activated upon activation of T cells through TCR-CD3 and CD28, which resulted in phosphorylation of its downstream target ERK1/2, as determined by Western blotting analysis with an antibody specific for ERK1/2 phosphorylated at Thr202 and Tyr204, markers of activation. PD-1 substantially inhibited the activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2" SIGNOR-275410 PDCD1 protein Q15116 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000782 22740686 f Barakat "MEK1/2 was phosphorylated and activated upon activation of T cells through TCR-CD3 and CD28, which resulted in phosphorylation of its downstream target ERK1/2, as determined by Western blotting analysis with an antibody specific for ERK1/2 phosphorylated at Thr202 and Tyr204, markers of activation. PD-1 substantially inhibited the activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2" SIGNOR-275411 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1548 YAPSRRMtSVATAKG -1 21406690 t miannu "PKA phosphorylated LRP6, which enhanced the binding of Gα(s) to LRP6, its localization to the plasma membrane, and the production of cAMP in response to PTH. Only alteration of Thr1548 abolished the phosphorylation of LRP6C by PKA (Fig. 6B), and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that Thr1548 was the PKA phosphorylation site in LRP6C (fig. S1)." SIGNOR-275416 S100G protein P29377 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 31731478 t miannu "Intracellular calcium ion content is tightly regulated for the maintenance of cellular functions and cell survival. Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) is responsible for regulating the distribution of cytosolic free-calcium ions." SIGNOR-268517 NR2F6 protein P10588 UNIPROT LHCGR protein P22888 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0000318 10644740 t Luana "Functional analysis showed that EAR2 and EAR3/COUP-TFI repressed the hLHR promoter activity, whereas TR4 activated hLHR gene transcription." SIGNOR-266216 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 24413556 t miannu "Phosphorylation by Cyclin B-Cdk1 allows Haspin to bind Plk1-PBD. Phosphorylation of Haspin at T128 and Plk1 target sites is required for full H3T3ph generation and normal Aurora B localization in mitosis." SIGNOR-275421 H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT CPC complex SIGNOR-C554 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24413556 t miannu "Histone modifications coordinate the chromatin localization of key regulatory factors in mitosis. For example, mitotic phosphorylation of Histone H3 threonine-3 (H3T3ph) by Haspin creates a binding site for the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC)." SIGNOR-275422 CDCA8 protein Q53HL2 UNIPROT CPC complex SIGNOR-C554 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23175282 t miannu "It is now known that the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is composed of four subunits: the enzymatic component Aurora B and the three regulatory and targeting components INCENP, Survivin and Borealin (also known as Dasra)5–7 (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-275423 HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr4 tKQTARKS 9606 20705812 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of histone H3 threonine 3 (H3T3ph) by Haspin is necessary for CPC accumulation at centromeres and that the CPC subunit Survivin binds directly to H3T3ph." SIGNOR-275428 KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT CDKN2C protein P42773 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 17442339 t Luana "Thus, EKLF is a direct regulator of p18INK4c gene expression, and much of EKLF's role in driving erythroid cell differentiation may occur via p18INK4c." SIGNOR-266046 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser49 CHRLPPGsLSSTPLS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159442 CyclinA2/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C420 SIGNOR BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 29870721 t lperfetto "The active cyclin A/cdk1 complex phosphorylates Bora and promotes Plx1 activation" SIGNOR-267573 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-267508 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser792 CVRMRHLsQEFGWLQ 9534 BTO:0001538 11404460 t lperfetto "Akt suppresses androgen-induced apoptosis by phosphorylating and inhibiting androgen receptor. Here, we demonstrate that akt phosphorylates the androgen receptor (ar) at ser-210 and ser-790" SIGNOR-108508 ATP7A protein Q04656 UNIPROT SOD3 protein P08294 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 29301787 t lperfetto "Copper transporter ATP7A (copper-transporting/ATPase) is required for full activation of SOD3 (extracellular superoxide dismutase), which is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and anchors to endothelial cell surface to preserve endothelial function by scavenging extracellular superoxide." SIGNOR-272267 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1557433 t gcesareni "The first Helix of bax plays a necessary role in its ligand-induced activation by the bh3-only proteins bid and puma" SIGNOR-20064 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser376 PPAPAYLsSPLALPS 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 12657630 t "IKKbeta phosphorylates human IKKgamma at Ser-31, Ser-43, and Ser-376. IKK≈í‚⧠mediates IKK≈í‚â• phosphorylation under physiologic signaling conditions. IKK≈í‚â• is chronically phosphorylated in cells expressing the HTLV1 Tax oncoprotein, which interfaces directly with the I≈í‚à´B kinase complex.both Tax and TNF induce phosphorylation of human IKK≈í‚â• at Ser-31, Ser-43, and Ser-376." SIGNOR-251286 NUP214 protein P35658 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C9 12917407 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that smad3 and smad4 are capable of interaction with the nucleoporin can/nup214, and this interaction is required for nuclear import." SIGNOR-117644 NPC2 protein P61916 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 21084287 f Giorgia "Here we show that NPC2 deficiency in human fibroblasts confers their activation. The activation phenomenon was not limited to fibroblasts as it was also observed in aortic smooth muscle cells upon silencing NPC2 gene by siRNA. The molecular mechanism responsible for activation of NPC2-null cells was shown to be a sustained phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which fulfills both the sufficient and necessary fibroblast activation criteria. All of these findings highlight a novel mechanism where NPC2 by negatively regulating ERK 1/2 MAPK phosphorylation may efficiently suppress development of maladaptive tissue remodeling and inflammation." SIGNOR-260660 nafadotride chemical CHEBI:64191 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Several compounds proposed as ‘atypical’ antipsychoticagents were found to exhibit agonist activity at 5-HT1A EC values were greater than the respective Kvalues50i .21.8""5.8-fold difference,ns10 and a high degree of correlation was observed. All the compounds displayed high or marked bind-ing affinity at CHO-h5-HT1A receptors except for olanzapine, which exhibited a micromolar Kvalue at h5-HTi1A receptors (table3)." SIGNOR-258854 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001271 22740448 f miannu "Chromosome translocation 8q22;21q22 [t(8;21)] is commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the resulting AML1-ETO fusion proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of AML. To identify novel molecular and therapeutic targets, we performed combined gene expression microarray and promoter occupancy (ChIP-chip) profiling using Lin(-)/Sca1(-)/cKit(+) cells, the major leukemia cell population, from an AML mouse model induced by AML1-ETO9a (AE9a).CD45, a protein tyrosine phosphatase and a negative regulator of cytokine/growth factor receptor and JAK/STAT signaling, is among those targets. Its expression is substantially down-regulated in leukemia cells. Consequently, JAK/STAT signaling is enhanced." SIGNOR-260120 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser857 PPYNRAVsLDSPVSV 9606 15383283 t gcesareni "Herein, we report the successful identification of six functional in vivo src-3 phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-129349 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1008 LPQDKEYyKVKEPGE 9606 15780598 t lperfetto "JAK2 and STAT3 are dephosphorylated by PTP1B in vitro" SIGNOR-133852 RPS4X protein P62701 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262447 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT RDX protein P35241 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr573 RQIRQGNtKQRIDEF -1 9456324 t lperfetto " A peak of the phosphopeptide, in which only T573 was phosphorylated, was not detected. Quantitative analyses revealed that _100% of T564, but at most _40% of T573, was phosphorylated when C-rad was incubated with Rho-Kc for 1 h. Then we concluded that the major and primary phosphorylation site of radixin by Rho-kinase was T564 and referred to the Rho-Kc€“phosphorylated C-rad as T564-phosphorylated C-rad." SIGNOR-248995 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22318735 t gcesareni "Upon proteolysis, the newly formed n terminus acts as a tethered ligand that activates the receptor and initiates signaling cascades through multiple g proteins (galfaq, galfai, and galfa12/13)" SIGNOR-196015 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269240 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 23001426 f Luana " In brain, MEF2C is essential for early neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and differentiation. " SIGNOR-265800 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser605 AGPTRQAsQAGPVPR 10116 BTO:0001009 12237306 t miannu "Synapsin I is phosphorylated at Ser603 by p21-activated kinases. the Ser603 residue must be one of the pivotal sites for the release" SIGNOR-250235 KDM3B protein Q7LBC6 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9534 16603237 t miannu "We have purified a JmjC domain-containing protein, JHDM2A, which specifically demethylates mono- and dimethyl-H3K9. JHDM2A exhibits hormone-dependent recruitment to androgen-receptor target genes, resulting in H3K9 demethylation and transcriptional activation. Thus, our work identifies a histone demethylase and links its function to hormone-dependent transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266635 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser173 PGKRRTQsLSALPKE 9606 BTO:0000848 21087211 t gcesareni "Specifically, 14-3-3 binds to p90(rsk)-phosphorylated ser?_??_ Of capic?_A thereby modulating dna binding to its hmg (high-mobility group) box, whereas erk phosphorylations prevent binding of a c-terminal nls (nuclear localization sequence) to importin ?4 (kpna3)" SIGNOR-169883 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DRB5 protein Q30154 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-254003 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C15 21460634 t lperfetto "Ampk and ulk1 interact and that the latter is phosphorylated by ampk. This phosphorylation leads to the direct activation of ulk1 by ampk bypassing mtor-inhibition." SIGNOR-173038 PTPA protein Q15257 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 21159657 t gcesareni "Consistent with previous reports (2830), we found that expression of sv40st, suppression of either pp2a c or b resulted in elevated levels of akt phosphorylation (ser473)" SIGNOR-170699 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15677570 f miannu "We further show evidence suggesting that NF-κB inhibits TM expression indirectly by competition for the coactivator p300/CBP." SIGNOR-253909 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr23 ALGPFPDtQDDFLKW 10090 BTO:0004475 9722526 t 2 miannu "Regulation of erythroid Krƒppel-like factor (EKLF) transcriptional activity by phosphorylation of a protein kinase casein kinase II site within its interaction domain. the transactivation capability of EKLF is augmented by co-transfection of CKIIalpha. in vitro assays demonstrate that CKIIalpha interacts with EKLF, and that the EKLF interaction domain is phosphorylated by CKII only at Thr-41" SIGNOR-241361 lofexidine chemical CHEBI:51368 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 22341244 t Luana "Lofexidine was selected because its scaffold is similar to that of the imidazolines of the present study and, as emerged from our functional study (Table 2), it displayed significant α2A- and α2C-AR agonism. " SIGNOR-258332 alvimopan chemical CHEBI:135686 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18313920 t Luana "A series of N-substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines, l opioid receptor antagonists, analogs of alvimopan, were prepared using solid phase methodology. This study led to the identification of a highly selective l opioid receptor antagonist, which interacts selectively with l peripheral receptors." SIGNOR-257773 LMO2 protein P25791 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 9020185 t miannu "Transcriptional activity of tal1 in t cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t-all) requires rbtn1 or -2" SIGNOR-46161 CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT CCL20 protein P78556 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 23028973 f "CEBPD activated in macrophages played a functional role in promoting the tube formation of endothelial cells and the migration and proliferation of synoviocytes. In vivo DNA binding assays and reporter assays showed that CEBPD up-regulated CCL20, CXCL1, IL23A and TNFAIP6 transcripts through direct binding to their promoter regions." SIGNOR-254056 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT SPRY1 protein O43609 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16481357 t gcesareni "These results identify sprouty proteins as in vivo targets of corkscrew/shp-2 tyrosine phosphatases and show how corkscrew/shp-2 proteins can promote rtk signaling by inactivating a feedback inhibitor." SIGNOR-144547 "AP 23573" chemical CHEBI:79700 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000887 20554235 t gcesareni "Deforolimus was well tolerated on the schedule tested in this trial with toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles that were similar to that of other mtor inhibitors." SIGNOR-166186 CRH protein P06850 UNIPROT KRT1 protein P04264 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15787816 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "CRH also increased AP-1 binding activity, cell granularity, cytokeratin 1 and involucrin expression, and inhibited cytokeratin 14 expression." SIGNOR-251882 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 15486195 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "In vitro, bimel was phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase on ser(69), which resides in the bimel-specific insert region. Using phosphospecific antibody against this site, we show that this residue is actually phosphorylated in cells. We also show that phosphorylation of ser(69) promotes ubiquitination of bimel. We conclude that mek inhibitors sensitize mda-mb231 and hbc4 cells to anoikis by blocking phosphorylation and hence degradation of bimel" SIGNOR-270031 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DAZAP1 protein Q96EP5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr315 GVPPPPAtPGAAPLA 9606 BTO:0000007 16848763 t miannu "Further experiments showed that DAZAP1 was phosphorylated stoichiometrically in vitro by ERK2 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 2) at two Thr-Pro sequences (Thr269 and Thr315), and that both sites became phosphorylated in HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cells in response to PMA or EGF (epidermal growth factor), or RAW 264.7 macrophages in response to LPS. Phosphorylation of the ARE-binding protein DAZAP1 by ERK2 induces its dissociation from DAZ" SIGNOR-262971 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253411 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser337 DPRGRLRsADSENAL 9534 BTO:0001538 12392720 t miannu "It was shown that the recombinant MEKK3 protein and fluorescein-labeled MEKK3 peptides (FITC-(159)epRsRhlSVi(168) and FITC-(330)dpRgRlpSAd(339)) are phosphorylated by SGK1 in vitro. It was also observed that the intrinsic kinase activity of MEKK3 on Ser(189) of MKK3 (equivalent to Ser(207) of MKK6) decreased along with phosphorylation of Ser(166) and Ser(337) in MEKK3 in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, it is suggested that SGK1 inhibits MEKK3-MKK3/6 signal transduction by phosphorylation of MEKK3." SIGNOR-250005 ELF3 protein P78545 UNIPROT SPRR1B protein P22528 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 12682075 f "Consistent with this, overexpression of EBS-binding proteins ESE-1 and ESE-3 significantly stimulated SPRR1B promoter activity. Furthermore, preceding SPRR1B transcription, PMA up-regulated mRNA expression of ETS family members such as ESE-1 and ESE-3" SIGNOR-254281 PROS1 protein P07225 UNIPROT AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7867073 t gcesareni "We report the identification of ligands for tyro 3 (alternatively called sky, rse, brt, or tif) and axl (alternatively, ark or ufo), members of a previously orphan family of receptor-like tyrosine kinases. These ligands correspond to protein s, a protease regulator that is a potent anticoagulant, and gas6, a protein related to protein s but lacking any known function." SIGNOR-34483 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255089 DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776;BTO:0000785 11483955 t gcesareni "Tgf-beta-induced apoptosis is mediated by the adapter protein daxx that facilitates jnk activation" SIGNOR-109542 PBRM1 protein Q86U86 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270596 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10347215 f lperfetto "The data presented this far show that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and specifically Stat3 and Jak1 are required for induction of IL-10-dependent anti-inflammatory and developmental responses in macrophages." SIGNOR-249547 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 2826472 t gcesareni "Protein phosphatase 2a inactivates the mitogen-stimulated s6 kinase from swiss mouse 3t3 cells" SIGNOR-23575 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGB4 protein Q9UN71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265701 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 9480845 f lperfetto "These results suggest that tak1 induces nf-kappa b activation through a novel nik-independent signaling pathway." SIGNOR-55713 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000167 15356291 f miannu "Mutation analysis indicated that the MEF2 site contributed to the activation of the CPT1beta promoter by PPAR in C2C12 cells. The reporter construct containing the PPRE and the MEF2C site was synergistically activated by co-expression of PPAR, retinoid X receptor (RXR) and MEF2C in non-muscle cells. Moreover, protein-binding assays demonstrated that MEF2C and PPAR specifically bound to one another in vitro. Also for the synergistic activation of the CPT1beta gene promoter by MEF2C and PPARalpha-RXRalpha, a precise arrangement of its binding sites was essential." SIGNOR-254583 RIMBP2 protein O15034 UNIPROT RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264361 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0003918 19917720 t lperfetto "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1-Mediated Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 Phosphorylation Acts as a Functional Link Coupling Mitotic Arrest and Apoptosis|These findings suggest a model whereby a switch in the duration of CDK1 activation, from transient during mitosis to sustained during mitotic arrest, dramatically increases the extent of Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 phosphorylation, resulting in inactivation of their antiapoptotic function. Thus, phosphorylation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins acts as a sensor for CDK1 signal duration and as a functional link coupling mitotic arrest to apoptosis." SIGNOR-267987 WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20498093 t lperfetto "Members of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family, which includes WASP, N-WASP, WAVE (1–3), WHAMM, JMY, and WASH, control actin cytoskeletal dynamics throughout biology. They act in large part by regulating the actin nucleating activity of the ubiquitous Arp2/3 complex. WASP proteins stimulate Arp2/3 complex using a conserved C-terminal VCA (Verprolin homologous, central hydrophobic, and acidic) region. They contain distinct N-terminal elements, which facilitate integration into unique macromolecular complexes." SIGNOR-261001 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 LEAGDLEsPLSEEFL 9606 BTO:0000599 10187842 t lperfetto "We now demonstrate that amino acids 1-92 of hPPARalpha contain an activation function (AF)-1-like domain, which is further activated by insulin through a pathway involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 and p44. Further analysis of the amino-terminal region of PPARalpha revealed that the insulin-induced trans-activation occurs through the phosphorylation of two mitogen-activated protein kinase sites at positions 12 and 21, both of which are conserved across evolution." SIGNOR-249434 CSMD1 protein Q96PZ7 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22538441 t miannu "CSMD1 co-immunoprecipitated with SMAD3, confirming our results that CSMD1 interacts with Smad3 in A375 cells. CSMD1 interacts with Smad3 and induces phosphorylation (p-Smad3). Phosphorylated Smad3 promotes Smad2 phosphorylation and Smad2/3/4 complex formation." SIGNOR-265151 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser552 QDTQRRTsMGGTQQQ 9606 24117889 t lperfetto "Camkii represses transcriptionally active beta-catenin to mediate acute ethanol neurodegeneration and can phosphorylate beta-catenin. Using targeted mutagenesis we identified camkii phosphorylation sites within human beta-catenin at t332, t472, and s552" SIGNOR-202825 TUT7 protein Q5VYS8 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR down-regulates 25480299 f lperfetto "Uridylation occurs pervasively on mRNAs, yet its mechanism and significance remain unknown. By applying TAIL-seq, we identify TUT4 and TUT7 (TUT4/7), also known as ZCCHC11 and ZCCHC6, respectively, as mRNA uridylation enzymes. Uridylation readily occurs on deadenylated mRNAs in cells. Consistently, purified TUT4/7 selectively recognize and uridylate RNAs with short A-tails (less than ∼ 25 nt) in vitro. PABPC1 antagonizes uridylation of polyadenylated mRNAs, contributing to the specificity for short A-tails." SIGNOR-268345 CH5132799 chemical CID:49784945 PUBCHEM PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190949 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249325 CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT CETN1 protein Q12798 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16760425 t miannu "We report that CP110 interacts with two different Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and centrin, in vivo. our data demonstrate a functional role for CaM binding to CP110 and suggest that CP110 cooperates with CaM and centrin to regulate progression through cytokinesis." SIGNOR-265966 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser24 GYLRKPKsMHKRFFV 9606 16574739 t flangone "We show that pkcalpha is likely to be directly involved in ser24 phosphorylation...These observations are entirely consistent with a recent independent study demonstrating that the IRS1-S24D mutant shows impaired insulin-stimulated IR-IRS-1 interactions, tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, recruitment/activation of PI 3-Kinase, and insulin-stimulated Glut4 translocation" SIGNOR-145398 RPL35A protein P18077 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262465 GSK1059615 chemical CHEBI:71955 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252667 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser436 TNGSIGHsPLSLSAQ 9606 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204728 calcidiol smallmolecule CHEBI:17933 ChEBI calcitriol smallmolecule CHEBI:17823 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000671 12050193 t lperfetto "The rate-limiting, hormonally regulated step in the biological activation of vitamin D is its 1alpha-hydroxylation to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2)D] in the kidney, catalyzed by the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme, P450c1alpha." SIGNOR-270558 KIF1A protein Q12756 UNIPROT Dense-core_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH184 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 30021165 f miannu "To better understand how KIF1A-driven dense core vesicle (DCV) transport is regulated, we identified the KIF1A interactome and focused on three binding partners, the calcium binding protein calmodulin (CaM) and two synaptic scaffolding proteins: liprin-α and TANC2. We showed that calcium, acting via CaM, enhances KIF1A binding to DCVs and increases vesicle motility. In contrast, liprin-α and TANC2 are not part of the KIF1A-cargo complex but capture DCVs at dendritic spines" SIGNOR-266893 "erlotinib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:53509 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 17178722 t "JAK2(V617F), a mutant of tyrosine kinase JAK2. Erlotinib specifically targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, which is highly expressed and occasionally mutated in various forms of cancer. It binds in a reversible fashion to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of the receptor." gcesareni "This study shows that the anti-cancer drug erlotinib (tarceva) is a potent inhibitor of jak2(v617f) activity." SIGNOR-151271 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr350 EPPDHQYyNDFPGKE -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254724 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20974802 f gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6. External stimuli, which control the activity of mapks, such as phorbol esters and fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) control the choice of the lrp6-ppps/tp kinase and regulate the amplitude of lrp6 phosphorylation and wnt/beta-catenin-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-168995 LRFN3 protein Q9BTN0 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 f miannu "This study finds that all SALMs (SALMs 1–5) possess the abilityto promote neurite outgrowth and branching, as demonstrated byoverexpression and knockdown experiments." SIGNOR-264101 ZBTB20 protein Q9HC78 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 29748916 f miannu "The transcription factor (TF) Zbtb20 is important for the hippocampal specification and the regulation of neurogenesis of neocortical projection neurons. Herein, we show a critical involvement of the TF Zbtb20 in the neurogenesis of both projection neurons and interneurons of the olfactory bulb during embryonic stages" SIGNOR-266866 EFNA2 protein O43921 UNIPROT EPHA6 protein Q9UF33 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10072375 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a ligands (named ephrin-a1_ephrin-a5) are anchored in the plasma membrane through a gpi-linkage, and each can bind any of the epha subclass of receptors (epha1_epha8)" SIGNOR-65419 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16054041 t gcesareni "Gamma non-catalytic subunit mediates binding to amp, adp and atp, leading to activate or inhibit ampk: amp-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (prkaa1 or prkaa2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-139161 IRF2BPL protein Q9H1B7 UNIPROT GNRH1 protein P01148 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 17627301 t miannu "EAP1 encoded a nuclear protein expressed in neurons involved in the inhibitory and facilitatory control of reproduction. EAP1 transactivated genes required for reproductive function, such as GNRH1, and repressed inhibitory genes, such as preproenkephalin. It contained a RING finger domain of the C3HC4 subclass required for this dual transcriptional activity.These results suggest that EAP1 is a transcriptional regulator that, acting within the neuroendocrine brain, contributes to controlling female reproductive function." SIGNOR-267154 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0004488 18519638 f "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Gly86Arg (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Ala5Val (mutation causing interaction)" "To investigate the role of ASK1 in the motor neurotoxicity by SOD1mut, we examined whether SOD1mut activates ASK1 as assessed by in vitro kinase assay. Expression of SOD1mut, but not SOD1wt, activated endogenous ASK1 (Fig. 4A, top panel). We next examined whether SOD1mut-induced ASK1 activation is mediated by ER stress." SIGNOR-262789 GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264948 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "translation regulation" 9606 23721961 f miannu "Activation of mTORC1 also has dual effects on ApoB synthesis: it inhibits ApoB secretion by decreasing ApoB translation, but promotes ApoB secretion by inhibiting sortilin." SIGNOR-252117 TUBGCP4 protein Q9UGJ1 UNIPROT "g-TuRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C282 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 31862189 t lperfetto "Here, we present a cryo-EM reconstruction of the native human gamma-TuRC at 3.8A resolution, revealing an asymmetric, cone-shaped structure. Pseudo-atomic models indicate that GCP4, GCP5, and GCP6 form distinct Y-shaped assemblies that structurally mimic GCP2/GCP3 subcomplexes distal to the gamma-TuRC “seam.”" SIGNOR-262328 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 27477906 t lperfetto "Our quantitative ChIP experiments confirmed that ZMYND8 and JARID1D were co-localized at Slug, CD44, VEGFA, and EGFR genes (Figures 4F–4I). Our ChIP results also showed that ZMYND8 repressed and occupied other JARID1D target genes, such as the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP3, that we previously reported" SIGNOR-262041 CLTCL1 protein P53675 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24789820 t lperfetto "AP2 adaptor complexes, associated at the membrane with PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2), recruit clathin triskelions to initiate lattice assembly. " SIGNOR-260662 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259028 GPR55 protein Q9Y2T6 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256670 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 16554461 f gcesareni "Notch1 activation by neuronal contact induces the glial expression of the brain lipid binding protein (blbp) and erbb2 genes." SIGNOR-145322 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "Similar synergy is found in notch and bmp crosstalk: activating notch signaling enhanced bmp-induced alp activity and formation of calcified nodules in vitro." SIGNOR-114592 AHSP protein Q9NZD4 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 18179859 t Regulation miannu "α-Hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) binds α-hemoglobin (Hb), avoiding its precipitation and its pro-oxidant activity." SIGNOR-251770 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser317 ENVKYSSsQPEPRTG 9606 17015476 t "Phosphorylation of Chk1 by ATR is antagonized by a Chk1-regulated protein phosphatase 2A circuit|In response to genotoxic stress, Chk1 is phosphorylated on serines 317 (S317) and 345 (S345) by the ataxia-telangiectasia-related (ATR) protein kinase. Phosphorylation of Chk1 on these C-terminal serine residues is used as an indicator of Chk1 activation in vivo." SIGNOR-248579 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16014605 t gcesareni "Lpa exerts its downstream signaling by binding to the lpa(1), lpa(2), and lpa(3) (formerly edg-2, -4, and -7) family of seven-transmembrane, segmented, heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein)-coupled receptors." SIGNOR-138582 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12859689 f miannu "CT-1 exerted these effects by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase, GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH) and NE transporter mRNAs, while IL-6 lowered only GCH mRNA." SIGNOR-252220 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex II" complex SIGNOR-C241 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30397185 t lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260320 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269641 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR proline smallmolecule CHEBI:26271 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270429 "MITRAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C538 SIGNOR "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 23260140 t "Each association relies on the supply of subunits from either the cytosol or the mitochondrial matrix, suggesting that human TIM21 ushers nuclear-encoded proteins to assembly intermediates. In agreement with this, assembly of the early cytochrome c oxidase subunit COX4-1 requires TIM21, whereas it is dispensable for late-assembling subunits. The finding that TIM21 also interacts with complex I intermediates points to a more general role of TIM21 in respiratory-chain assembly. Furthermore, TIM21 appears to be tightly connected to MITRAC15, which, in contrast to TIM23 and MITRAC12, coimmunoprecipitates with TIM21 under all tested conditions. MITRAC15 associates with MITRAC and is required for complex IV but also complex I assembly." SIGNOR-272485 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CEP192 protein Q8TEP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr44 GLPVAVStLARDRSS 9606 BTO:0000007 26012549 t miannu "In the presence of AurA binding, Plk1 preferentially phosphorylates and interacts with the T44 motif of Cep192 through the “self-priming and binding” mechanism" SIGNOR-266405 GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257444 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11714700 t gcesareni "This study identifies the anti-apoptotic survivin gene as a p53-repressed gene;notably, survivin repression by p53 is shown to be distinct from p53-dependent growth arrest." SIGNOR-111971 ABCE1 protein P61221 UNIPROT 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 28368393 t miannu "The essential ATP-binding cassette protein ABCE1 splits 80S ribosomes into 60S and 40S subunits after canonical termination or quality-control-based mRNA surveillance processes. Compared to the pre-splitting state, we observe repositioning of ABCE1's iron-sulfur cluster domain, which rotates 150° into a binding pocket on the 40S subunit. This repositioning explains a newly observed anti-association activity of ABCE1. Notably, the movement implies a collision with A-site factors, thus explaining the splitting mechanism." SIGNOR-270816 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 15378002 t flangone "Vrk1 phosphorylates c-jun in ser63 and ser73 in vitro...VRK1 Activates c-jun dependent transcription" SIGNOR-127069 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC12 protein Q96KK5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHK 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271760 "MITRAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C538 SIGNOR "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 23260140 t "Each association relies on the supply of subunits from either the cytosol or the mitochondrial matrix, suggesting that human TIM21 ushers nuclear-encoded proteins to assembly intermediates. In agreement with this, assembly of the early cytochrome c oxidase subunit COX4-1 requires TIM21, whereas it is dispensable for late-assembling subunits. The finding that TIM21 also interacts with complex I intermediates points to a more general role of TIM21 in respiratory-chain assembly. Furthermore, TIM21 appears to be tightly connected to MITRAC15, which, in contrast to TIM23 and MITRAC12, coimmunoprecipitates with TIM21 under all tested conditions. MITRAC15 associates with MITRAC and is required for complex IV but also complex I assembly." SIGNOR-272486 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr410 GPGDTTStFCGTPNY 9606 11141077 t gcesareni "Our findings suggest that insulin, via pip(3), provokes increases in pkc-zeta enzyme activity through (a) pdk-1-dependent t410 loop phosphorylation, (b) t560 autophosphorylationcytoskeletal reorganization;tnni1(induces);desmin(induces);tpm1(induces);myo1c(induces);tnnt1(induces);" SIGNOR-85501 ethanol chemical CHEBI:16236 ChEBI SLC44A2 protein Q8IWA5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0003065 21367571 f lperfetto "Among these, SLC44A2 (a putative choline transporter) was strikingly upregulated by ethanol (three fold), and GCN5 silencing downregulated it" SIGNOR-260407 PRDM16 protein Q9HAZ2 UNIPROT Brown_adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH27 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 18719582 f fspada "Loss of prdm16 from brown fat precursors causes a loss of brown fat characteristics and promotes muscle differentiation. Conversely, ectopic expression of prdm16 in myoblasts induces their differentiation into brown fat cells." SIGNOR-180295 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr300 TPVVSVAtPTLPGQG 9606 9858528 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q06413-3" lperfetto "Our studies showed that p38 specifically phosphorylates serine 387 and threonines 293 and 300 within the mef2c transactivation domain" SIGNOR-62796 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20534544 f Regulation miannu "We used genomic and candidate gene approaches to search for evidence of such genetic selection. First, a genome-wide allelic differentiation scan (GWADS) comparing indigenous highlanders of the Tibetan Plateau (3,200-3,500 m) with closely related lowland Han revealed a genome-wide significant divergence across eight SNPs located near EPAS1. This gene encodes the transcription factor HIF2alpha, which stimulates production of red blood cells and thus increases the concentration of hemoglobin in blood." SIGNOR-251792 KIF5B protein P33176 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272520 RAPH1 protein Q70E73 UNIPROT EVL protein Q9UI08 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20417104 t miannu "Here we show that Lpd is a substrate of Abl kinases and binds to the Abl SH2 domain. Phosphorylation of Lpd positively regulates the interaction between Lpd and Ena/VASP proteins." SIGNOR-268427 TMEM258 protein P61165 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272068 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT PKMYT1 protein Q99640 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001286 19204086 t "The results showed that residues 140 to 205 of JNK1 have the ability to interact with Myt1." gcesareni "A kinase assay using gst-myt1 revealed that active jnk1 or jnk3, but not jnk2, phosphorylated myt1 in vitro." SIGNOR-183899 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1323 ALAPRSVsLKDKGRF -1 11306676 t lperfetto "These results indicate that PKC can directly phosphorylate S1303 and S1323 in the NR2B C terminus, leading to enhanced currents through NMDA receptor channels." SIGNOR-249086 RNF139 protein Q8WU17 UNIPROT SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20068067 t miannu "Induction of TRC8 destabilized the precursor forms of the transcription factors SREBP-1 and SREBP-2. TRC8 destablizes SREBP precursors in a RING and proteasome-dependent manner " SIGNOR-271958 DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19446321 t "DEPTOR is an mTOR inhibitor frequently overexpressed in multiple myeloma cells and required for their survival" SIGNOR-251659 SH3KBP1 protein Q96B97 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24167568 t gcesareni "The cin85 sh3 domains interact with c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase, via an unconventional pxxxpr ligand sequence, with the highest affinity displayed by the sh3-b domain. Interaction with cin85 recruits c-cbl to the amap1 complex where its ubiquitination activity is necessary for cancer cells to develop an invasive phenotype and to degrade the matrix." SIGNOR-203139 Bafetinib chemical CID:24853523 PUBCHEM LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190227 WAPL protein Q7Z5K2 UNIPROT "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 17113138 t lperfetto "We show that human Wapl interacts with cohesin throughout the cell cycle via cohesin's Scc1 and SA1/SA2 subunits and that Wapl forms a subcomplex with Pds5A|These results indicate that Wapl is required for the release of cohesin from both interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes, perhaps by facilitating opening of the cohesin ring or by modulating direct interactions between cohesin and DNA." SIGNOR-265265 FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20156194 t miannu "We used Filamin-A-deficient cells to show that Filamin A enhances MKK7 activation and is important for synergistic stress-induced JNK activation in vivo. Thus Filamin A is a novel member of the group of scaffold proteins whose function is to link two MAPKKs together and promote JNK activation. The present study provides evidence that Filamin A is one of the ‘binder’ molecules presumed to directly and closely connect MKK4 and MKK7 so that they can mediate this tyrosine/threonine phosphorylation. We showed that Filamin A (as well as Filamin B and C) associate with MKK7 and MKK4, but not with JNK1 itself" SIGNOR-260628 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 10606744 t gcesareni "Protein kinase ck1 is a p53-threonine 18 kinase which requires prior phosphorylation of serine 15." SIGNOR-73270 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA2 protein Q9Y5H1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265713 OST4 protein P0C6T2 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272069 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser381 CIPTAGMsPSRSNTI 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249459 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NEFH protein P12036 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser532 KSPAEAKsPEKEEAK 10116 9592082 t lperfetto "The fraction containing Erk2, as well as bacterially expressed Erk1 and Erk2, phosphorylated all types of KSP motifs in peptides (KSPXK, KSPXXK, KSPXXXK, and KSPXXXXK) derived from NF-M and NF-H. They also phosphorylated an expressed 24 KSPXXXK repeat NF-H polypeptide, an expressed NF-H as well as dephosphorylated native rat NF-H, and NF-M proteins with accompanying decreases in their respective electrophoretic mobilities. |Our data on primary hippocampal cells also showed an inhibition of neurite outgrowth by the drug that was accompanied by inhibition of MAP, NF-H, and NF-M phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249425 NRL protein P54845 UNIPROT RBP3 protein P10745 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15277472 f miannu "KLF15 repressed transactivation of rhodopsin and IRBP promoters alone and in combination with the transcriptional activators Crx and/or Nrl." SIGNOR-253818 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161597 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 18508628 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "In addition to ser10, msk was also found to phosphorylate a second site on h3, ser28 (75). It should be noted that while both ser10 and ser28 in h3 are extensively phosphorylated during mitosis, this is independent of msks and is catalysed by aurora kinases. In contrast, msks only phosphorylate a small proportion of the total cellular histone h3 in response to mitogens or stress. The spatial distribution of ser10 and ser28 phosphorylation is very tightly regulated in cells. In vitro, msk1 will phosphorylate one histone h3 molecule on both ser10 and ser28. Surprisingly it has been shown that in cells msk phosphorylates either ser10 or ser28 but not both on individual nucleosomes." SIGNOR-178704 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 19303846 t lperfetto "GSK3β regulates β-catenin stability by phosphorylating serine and threonine residues (Ser33/37 and Thr41) important for targeting β-catenin for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-227878 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PALLD protein Q8WX93 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1118 VRRPRSRsRDSGDEN 9606 20471940 t llicata "Akt1, but not akt2, phosphorylates palladin at ser507 in a domain that is critical for f-actin bundling." SIGNOR-165497 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser469 AHEENPEsILDEHVQ 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248554 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269638 "Benzofuro(3,2-d)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, 8-chloro-2-((2S)-2-pyrrolidinyl)-" chemical CID:135564632 PUBCHEM CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000179 22560567 t Federica "In this paper, we disclose the discovery of a potent and selective CDC7 inhibitor, XL413." SIGNOR-261105 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ARHGAP31 protein Q2M1Z3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr789 PPAPPPPtPLEESTP 10090 BTO:0000944 17158447 t miannu "We show that GSK-3alpha and -beta interact with CdGAP in mammalian cells. We also demonstrate that GSK-3 phosphorylates CdGAP both in vitro and in vivo on Thr-776, which we have previously shown to be an ERK 1/2 phosphorylation site involved in CdGAP regulation." SIGNOR-262879 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr847 FRYIPPNtPENFWEV 9606 19202191 t llicata "Collectively, these findings thereby provided strong support for ctip thr-847 indeed being a cdk target. it is established that both cdk-dependent and checkpoint-dependent phosphorylations are required for activation of sae2/ctip in vivo" SIGNOR-183840 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser288 PDRPGSTsPFAPSAT 9606 15210796 t gcesareni "Erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation of ciita down-regulates ciita activity by priming it for nuclear export, thus providing a means for cells to tightly regulate the extent of antigen presentation." SIGNOR-126254 "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22492984 f miannu "Exposure to stress results in the induction of bh3-only proteins, which neutralise the pro-survival proteins" SIGNOR-196938 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PIKFYVE protein Q9Y2I7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser307 PARNRSAsITNLSLD -1 23905686 t miannu "AMPK phosphorylated PIKfyve at Ser307 both in vitro and in intact cells. We propose that PIKfyve activity is required for the stimulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake by contraction/AMPK activation. PIKfyve is a new AMPK substrate whose phosphorylation at Ser307 could promote PIKfyve translocation to endosomes for PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis to facilitate GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) translocation." SIGNOR-263031 PHIP protein Q8WWQ0 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 12242307 t miannu "We have recently reported the isolation of a PH domain-interacting protein, PHIP, which selectively binds to the IRS-1 PH domain and is stably associated with IRS-1 in mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of PHIP in fibroblasts enhances insulin-induced transcriptional responses in a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner." SIGNOR-266962 3-[1-[[4-(7-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-6-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-one chemical CHEBI:91346 ChEBI AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 25309440 t lperfetto "Different agents were used to inhibit either the PI3K/Akt or MEK/ERK pathways. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and the Akt inhibitor, Akt inhibitor VIII, were used to inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway." SIGNOR-262012 KLHL12 protein Q53G59 UNIPROT SEC31B protein Q9NQW1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22358839 t miannu "By analyzing mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) division, we have identified Cul3Klhl12 as a regulator of COPII coat formation. Cul3Klhl12 monoubiquitinates Sec31 and drives assembly of large COPII-coats. As a result, ubiquitination by Cul3Klhl12 is essential for collagen export, a step that is required for integrin-dependent mESC division." SIGNOR-272014 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT KHDC3L protein Q587J8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr156 VEVREAGtQRSVEVQ 9606 BTO:0001086 31609975 t miannu "Notably, we identified two critical residues, Thr145 and Thr156, whose phosphorylation by Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is essential for KHDC3L's functions. " SIGNOR-273504 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser298 EKLAKHEsQQDYSKG 9606 20363754 t lperfetto "Pkd phosphorylates cortactin in vitro and in vivo at serine 298 thereby generating a 14-3-3 binding motif. In vitro, a phosphorylation-deficient cortactin-s298a protein accelerated vca-arp-cortactin-mediated synergistic actin polymerization and showed reduced f-actin binding" SIGNOR-164756 PTPRT protein O14522 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0001109;BTO:0000182 17360477 t brain lperfetto "Identification of STAT3 as a substrate of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase T|Phosphorylation of a tyrosine at amino acid Y705 is essential for the function of STAT3, and PTPRT specifically dephosphorylated STAT3 at this position." SIGNOR-263981 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000150 12697749 f lperfetto "Our data indicate that akt2 inhibits cisplatin-induced jnk/p38 and bax activation through phosphorylation of ask1" SIGNOR-100591 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 BTO:0000007 9829964 t gcesareni "When overexpressed in serum-stimulated cells, Akt/PKB potently induced Ser-133 phosphorylation of CREB and promoted recruitment of CBP. Correspondingly, Akt/PKB stimulated target gene expression via CREB in a phospho(Ser-133)-dependent manner." SIGNOR-247992 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr118 VGEEEHVySFPNKQK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254721 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086;BTO:0005511 15983365 f miannu "Transfection of NANOG-specific small interfering RNAs reduced levels of NANOG transcript and protein and induced activation of the extraembryonic endoderm-associated genes GATA4, GATA6, LAMININ B1, and AFP as well as upregulation of trophectoderm-associated genes CDX2, GATA2, hCG-alpha, and hCG-beta." SIGNOR-254626 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser497 SSNIQMDsGYNTQNC 9606 18378770 t gcesareni "Following cdk1-dependent recruitment, plk1 triggers hbora destruction by phosphorylating a recognition site for scf(beta-trcp)." SIGNOR-178150 S protein P59594 UNIPROT PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17267381 t Luana "Spike protein of SARS‐CoV activated COX‐2 expression in a protein concentration‐dependent manner" SIGNOR-262315 N protein P59595 UNIPROT PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 16546436 t Luana "SARS-CoV N protein activates COX-2 promoter and induces COX-2 protein expression" SIGNOR-262314 afimoxifene chemical CHEBI:44616 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258594 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser204 KNSRVTFsEDDEIIN -1 9407077 t llicata "Phosphorylation of NIPP-1 in a heterodimeric complex with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1 resulted in an activation of the holoenzyme without a release of NIPP-1. Sequencing and phosphoamino acid analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides enabled us to identify Ser178 and Ser199 as the phosphorylation sites of protein kinase A, whereas Thr161 and Ser204 were phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2." SIGNOR-250930 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT CTPS1 protein P17812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255500 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20508646 t "Interferes with binding to Noth1-ICD." gcesareni "Here, we show that jip1 suppresses notch1 activity. Jip1 was found to physically associate with either intracellular domain of notch1 or rbp-jk and interfere with the interaction between them." SIGNOR-165713 palbociclib chemical CHEBI:85993 ChEBI CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205707 "1-(4,4-diphenylbut-3-enyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:91734 ChEBI SLC6A1 protein P30531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7851497 t miannu "Recently, a number of lipophilic GABA transport inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, which are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier, and which display anticonvulsive activity. We have now determined the potency of four of these compounds, SK&F 89976-A (N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid), tiagabine ((R)-1-[4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl]-3- piperidencarboxylic acid), CI-966 ([1-[2-[bis 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]ethyl]-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid), and NNC-711 (1-(2-(((diphenylmethylene)amino)oxy)ethyl)-1,2,4,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride), at each of the four cloned GABA transporters, and find them to be highly selective for GAT-1." SIGNOR-258478 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11000528 f gcesareni "We observed the transcriptional inhibition of the progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors when eralpha was cotransfected" SIGNOR-82161 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr138 GGFIRRVtNDARENE 9606 12459461 t lperfetto "This study establishes that SNAP-25 is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase C and protein kinase A in neuroendocrine PC12 cells. Using phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis we identified both Thr138 and Ser187 as the targets of SNAP-25 phosphorylation by protein kinase C" SIGNOR-249179 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser221 PRTSPIMsPRTSLAE 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252331 BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT Mitotic_checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH28 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20888775 f gcesareni "The multidomain protein kinases bub1 and bubr1 (mad3 in yeast, worms and plants) are central components of the mitotic checkpoint for spindle assembly (sac)" SIGNOR-168195 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser236 DDSGTEEs 9606 12037680 t llicata "CDC34 is specifically phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant CK2 and HeLa nuclear extract at five sites within the carboxyl-terminal 36 amino acids of CDC34. | Mutation of CDC34 at CK2-targeted residues, Ser-203, Ser-222, Ser-231, Thr-233, and Ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of CDC34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized CDC34 to the cytoplasm. " SIGNOR-251060 BAP1 protein Q92560 UNIPROT KEAP1 protein Q14145 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 35052618 t miannu "BAP1 directly binds to and deubiquitinates KEAP1. BAP1 stabilizes KEAP1 by binding to the BTB domain." SIGNOR-268924 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25787076 f miannu "P-Stat3 stimulates C/EBPδ expression and activity, which increases myostatin and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. Both pathways result in protein losses in muscle." SIGNOR-255334 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "prostaglandin F2alpha" smallmolecule CHEBI:15553 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 20219869 t apalma "NSAIDs are strong inhibitors of cycloxygenases (COX), and thereby impair the metabolism of arachidonic acid that is necessary for the synthesis of prostaglandins" SIGNOR-255359 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002590 17487558 f miannu "Immunoblot analysis showed that HEY/si-TWIST cells exhibited decreased expression levels of CD29, CD44 and CD54 compared to those of HEY/si-scrambled cells" SIGNOR-255514 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1934 SPTYSPTsPKGSTYS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269386 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser403 DLAHSSEsQETISSM 9606 16943424 t lperfetto "Recently we showed that atm- and hdm2-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of hdmx following dsb induction are mediated by phosphorylation of hdmx on s403, s367, and s342, with s403 being targeted directly by atm." SIGNOR-149300 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 9606 BTO:0000150 20727996 t gcesareni "Elk-1 is a member of the e-twenty-six (ets) domain superfamily of transcription factors and has been traditionally associated with mitogen-induced immediate early gene transcription upon phosphorylation by mitogen activated protein kinases (erk/mapk)." SIGNOR-167539 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 16611241 f lperfetto "For example, TFII-I binds to the Inr element of the T cell receptor Vbeta gene and activates its transcription in reporter gene assays (Cheriyath et al. 1998). TFII-I also activates transcription of c-fos and Goosecoid through binding to the serum response element and the distal element, respectively (Grueneberg et al. 1997; Ku et al. 2005)." SIGNOR-268535 naproxen chemical CHEBI:7476 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9057869 t miannu "Naproxen had similar activity against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (IC50s of 3.2 and 2.5 μM, respectively), whereas ibuprofen was approximately 100-fold more potent for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.1 μM) than for COX-1 (IC50 = 11 μM), and indomethacin was about 50-fold more potent for COX-1 (IC50 = 0.012 μM) than for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.56 μM)." SIGNOR-258602 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT EPS8 protein Q12929 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr525 NRHIDRNyEPLKTQP 9606 28214294 t miannu "Eps8 which was identified by this method is phosphorylated by Myr-PTK6 in HEK293 cells. Mouse Eps8 expressed in HEK293 cells is phosphorylated by Myr-PTK6 at residues Tyr497, Tyr524, and Tyr534. These results indicate that plasma-membrane-associated PTK6 phosphorylates Eps8, which promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration and, thus, tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-263190 MT-CO2 protein P00403 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267748 TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT SYNE3 protein Q6ZMZ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0005098 28595999 t lperfetto "Here we show that in the developing skin, epidermal progenitor cells of mice lacking p63 transcription factor display alterations in the nuclear shape accompanied by a marked decrease in expression of several nuclear envelope-associated components (Lamin B1, Lamin A/C, Sun1, Nesprin-3, Plectin) compared with controls. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR assay showed enrichment of p63 on Sun1, Syne3, and Plec promoters, suggesting them as p63 targets." SIGNOR-263280 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr588 QLKPLKTyVDPHTYE -1 21538645 t gcesareni "The SAM domain tyrosine Y960 which has been implicated in downstream PI3K signaling is dephosphorylated exclusively by HCPTP-B. The activation loop tyrosine (Y772) which directly controls kinase activity is dephosphorylated about six times faster by HCPTP-A. In contrast, the juxtamembrane tyrosines (Y575, Y588 and Y594) which are implicated in both control of kinase activity and downstream signaling are dephosphorylated by both variants with similar rates" SIGNOR-246035 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT CD2AP protein Q9Y5K6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 22880102 f lperfetto "Transcriptional activation of the human CD2AP promoter by E2F1" SIGNOR-254129 RPL10A protein P62906 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262489 TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT IL2 protein P60568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003432 10761931 t Luana "T-bet Transactivates the IFNγ Gene and Represses the IL-2 Gene in EL4 Cells" SIGNOR-266233 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr201 PHHVHPLtPLITYSN 9606 12556497 t llicata "Nlk phosphorylates lef-1/tcf on two serine/threonine residues located in its central region. Mutation of both residues to alanine enhanced lef-1 transcriptional activity and rendered it resistant to inhibition by nlk." SIGNOR-97819 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 VEGDAAEtPPRPRTP 9606 8114697 t gcesareni "P34cdc2 catalyzes the in vitro phosphorylation of mkk1 on both of these threonine residues and inactivates mkk1 enzymatic activity. Both sites are phosphorylated in vivo as well" SIGNOR-36112 Degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH92 SIGNOR TPSAB1 protein Q15661 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000830 24232182 f apalma "Particularly, damage-activated mast cells almost instantly begin to secrete TNFa, histamine and tryptase and then initiate the de novo synthesis of other cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)6" SIGNOR-255348 HLA-G protein P17693 UNIPROT KLRC1 protein P26715 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9560253 t gcesareni "Current models of nk cell function have supposed that the cd94/nkg2a heterodimer is interacting with an epitope common to classical hla class i" SIGNOR-56714 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257421 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser177 ASSGSSAsFISDTFS 9606 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248683 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser326 PPKMWKTsPDPSPVS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248692 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 GGGDEPGsPAQGKRG 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000150 21502402 t gcesareni "We identified the serine 68 (s68) as a major phosphorylation site of twist1 by mass spectrometry and with specific antibodies. This s68 is phosphorylated by p38, jnk and erk1/2 in vitro, and its phosphorylation levels positively correlate with twist1 protein levels in hek293 and breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-173401 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser498 QIVMAPSsQSQPSGS 9606 15916964 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that the protein kinase atm phosphorylates atf2 on serines 490 and 498 following ionizing radiation (ir). dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of atf2 by atm that results in its rapid colocalization with gamma-h2ax and mrn components into ir-induced foci (irif)" SIGNOR-137623 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr248 EESEDPDyYQYNIQA 9534 BTO:0004055 11373296 t lperfetto "These residues, tyr248, tyr357, and tyr462, were also found to be the major sites for btk-dependent phosphorylation of bap/tfii-i in vivo. Residues tyr357 and tyr462 are contained within the loop regions of adjacent helix-loop-helix-like repeats within bap/tfii-i. Mutation of either tyr248, tyr357, or tyr462 to phenylalanine reduced transcription from a c-fos promoter relative to wild-type bap/tfii-i in transfected cos-7 cells, consistent with the interpretation that phosphorylation at these sites contributes to transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-108338 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser61 PLSTPCSsVPSSPSF 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159446 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA8 protein Q9Y5G5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265702 TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000670;BTO:0000738 25601757 t irozzo " In this study, we demonstrate that WT1 binds directly to TET2 and recruits TET2 to specific genomic sites to regulate the expression of WT1 target genes." SIGNOR-255703 ATG14 protein Q6ZNE5 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 19270693 t lperfetto "Characterization of the new proteins revealed that atg14l enhances vps34 lipid kinase activity and upregulates autophagy," SIGNOR-235448 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000812 18719363 f miannu "MTA1 overexpression resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin and MTA3 expression and enhanced expression of the transcriptional repressors SNAIL and SLUG." SIGNOR-254596 anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one chemical CHEBI:90695 ChEBI MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15071501 t gcesareni "We report the identification of an anthrapyrazolone series with significant jnk1, -2, and -3 (k(i) = 0.19 microm). To determine whether jnk activity is required for stress-induced translocation of bax to the mitochondria, we examined the effect of sp600125, a jnk inhibitor." SIGNOR-124034 TAX1BP1 protein Q86VP1 UNIPROT TNFAIP3 protein P21580 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10435631 t lperfetto "Tx1bp1 appears to be a novel a20-binding protein which mediate the anti-apoptotic activity of a20; tax1bp1 phosphorylation was pivotal for cytokine-dependent interactions among tax1bp1, a20, itch and rnf11 and downregulation of signaling by the transcription factor nf-Kb." SIGNOR-69921 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f gcesareni "In addition to osteocalcin, cbfa1 regulates expression of several other genes that are activated during osteoblast" SIGNOR-107166 MSI2 protein Q96DH6 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 21084860 f miannu "Msi2 was shown to be upregulated in blast crisis cml and to negatively regulate expression ofnumb." SIGNOR-169848 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1175 AQQDGKDyIVLPISE 9606 18377662 t "Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) dephosphorylates VEGF Receptor-2 and attenuates endothelial DNA synthesis, but not migration|Knockdown of SHP-1 by siRNA or inhibition of c-Src by an inhibitor, results in augmented DNA synthesis perhaps due to increased phosphorylation of at least three tyrosine residues of KDR 996, 1059 and 1175" SIGNOR-248475 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser351 RPLLRSMsAAFCSLL 9606 11784866 t gcesareni "Rin1 also binds to 14-3-3 proteins through a sequence including serine 351. Mutation of this residue abolished the 14-3-3 binding capacity of rin1 and led to more efficient blockade of ras-mediated transformation. The mutant protein, rin1(s351a), showed a shift in localization to the plasma membrane. Serine 351 is a substrate for protein kinase d (pkd [also known as pkcmu]) in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that the normal localization and function of rin1, as well as its ability to compete with raf, are regulated in part by 14-3-3 binding, which in turn is controlled by pkd phosphorylation." SIGNOR-113960 MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT C2 protein P06681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Ser20 LYPGLADsAPSCPQN 9606 BTO:0000392 11907111 t lperfetto "The MASPs in the preparations had proteolytic activities against C4, C2, and C3 in the fluid phase" SIGNOR-263420 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258518 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1303 NKLRRQHsYDTFVDL -1 11306676 t lperfetto "These results indicate that PKC can directly phosphorylate S1303 and S1323 in the NR2B C terminus, leading to enhanced currents through NMDA receptor channels." SIGNOR-249085 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT ZFP42 protein Q96MM3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254944 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PHACTR3 protein Q96KR7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser318 QGRESKGsPKKRLDV 10116 BTO:0000938 21487013 t miannu "We show that scapinin is phosphorylated at a highly conserved site in the central region of the protein (Ser-277) by Cdk5 in vitro. Expression of a scapinin phospho-mimetic mutant (S277D) restored normal axon elongation without affecting actin binding. Instead, phosphorylated scapinin was sequestered in the cytoplasm of neurons and away from the axon. " SIGNOR-273607 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 f lperfetto "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein)coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin. This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3b from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of b-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-141783 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 26194347 f irozzo "Nrf2 was up-regulated in HCC, and expression of Nrf2 was correlated with tumor differentiation, metastasis, and tumor size. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of Nrf2 expression inhibited proliferation by inducing apoptosis and repressed invasion, and up-regulation of Nrf2 expression resulted in opposite phenotypes." SIGNOR-256652 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MNAT1 protein P51948 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271124 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser249 LSPIDMEsQERIKAE -1 1846781 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of recombinant human c-jun proteins in vitro by gsk-3 decreases their dna-binding activity." SIGNOR-18684 HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 17174306 t lperfetto "In the present study, we show that hnRNP-U specifically enhances the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA by increasing its stability, possibly through binding to the 3' untranslated region. We also show that hnRNP-U enhances the expression of several other genes as well, including GADD45A, HEXIM1, HOXA2, IER3, NHLH2, and ZFY, by binding to and stabilizing these mRNAs." SIGNOR-262281 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 1303753 t gcesareni "Lar ptpase shows strong preference for dephosphorylation first at py5 (at tri-, di-, and monophosphotyrosyl levels). Initially this regioselectivity gives the y5(py9)(py10) diphospho regioisomer, followed by equal dephosphorylation at py9 or py10 to give the corresponding monophosphoryl species on the way to fully dephosphorylated product." SIGNOR-16235 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr611 ETLPISStPSKSVLP 9606 22094256 t lperfetto "We identified the forkhead box m1 (foxm1) transcription factor as a common critical phosphorylation target. Cdk4/6 stabilize and activate foxm1these data identify five overlapping in vivo and in vitro cdk4/6 target sites in foxm1 (s4, s35, t611, t620 and t627)" SIGNOR-177255 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT "MECP2/SIN3A/HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C360 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 9620804 t Luana "We show that a region of MeCP2 that localizes with the TRD associates with a corepressor complex containing the transcriptional repressor mSin3A and histone deacetylases." SIGNOR-265070 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257954 VAC14 protein Q08AM6 UNIPROT FIG4 protein Q92562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 20630877 t miannu "Our data indentify a novel regulatory mechanism whereby ArPIKfyve enhances Sac3 abundance by attenuating Sac3 proteasome-dependent degradation and suggest that a failure of this mechanism could be the primary molecular defect in the pathogenesis of CMT4J. our data are consistent with the notion that when associated with ArPIKfyve, Sac3 is stabilized and protected from degradation, whereas in the absence of associated ArPIKfyve, Sac3 remains unfolded and, hence, prone to rapid destruction." SIGNOR-253534 DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT GNB5 protein O14775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21303898 t miannu "The D2-class dopamine receptors (D2, D3, and D4) couple to the Gi/o family of G proteins and thus induce inhibition of AC" SIGNOR-264994 Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21041485 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266973 IFNW1 protein P05000 UNIPROT IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278538 t gcesareni "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-105982 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249626 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT CTNNA3 protein Q9UI47 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002320 21598020 t miannu "GATA-4 and MEF2C are known to bind to the GATA box 2 in the major promoter of CTNNA3 and this element is essential in directly regulating expression of CTNNA3 in cardiac muscle cells. The co-transfection of GATA-4 with MEF2C leads to a synergistic activation of the CTNNA3 promoter" SIGNOR-265491 GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser338 DEASATVsKTETSQV -1 8617805 t "That light-dependent phosphorylation of Rho is mediated primarily by RK. Addition of an inhibitory antibody against rhodopsin kinase (RK) lowered phosphorylation at Ser334, Ser338, and Ser343, without changing the ratio between phosphorylation sites. upon illumination, Ser334c, Ser338, and Ser343 are phosphorylated." SIGNOR-251190 KIF5A protein Q12840 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31753031 t miannu "Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) is transported by KIF5 to dendritic regions" SIGNOR-264065 prednisolone chemical CHEBI:8378 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 13760840 t gcesareni SIGNOR-251700 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser98 GGRRPGTsPALLQGT 9606 17325029 t lperfetto "P21cip1 is phosphorylated in vitro by both ask1 and jnk1 at s98. /phosphorylation of p21cip1 at s98, which in vivo appears to be regulated by ask1, may therefore mediate negative feedback in the ask1 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-153440 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser162 FDIVSRGsTADLDGL 9606 19661060 t Manara "We conclude that the serine/threonine kinases PKC and PKA enhance activation of the TRPV4 ion channel by phosphorylation at specific sites and that phosphorylation depends on assembly of PKC and PKA by AKAP79 into a signaling complex with TRPV4." SIGNOR-260885 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser180 GSSASFIsDTFSPYT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252327 CDK14 protein O94921 UNIPROT TAGLN2 protein P37802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 PVKKIQAsTMAFKQM 21577206 t lperfetto "This newly identified oncogene–tumor suppressor cascade, where oncogenic PFTK1 inactivates a tumor suppressor gene TAGLN2 via phosphorylation|. Our data therefore underline much importance for S83 and S163 residues on TAGLN2 in its actin-binding capacity." SIGNOR-265103 CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT CXCR2 protein P25025 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11350788 t gcesareni "Il-8 activates both the cxcr1 and the cxcr2 on microvascular endothelial cells, using different signal transduction cascades." SIGNOR-107983 UMPS protein P11172 UNIPROT Pyrimidine_nucleotide_metabolic_process phenotype SIGNOR-PH85 SIGNOR up-regulates 26059768 f miannu "The bifunctional enzyme UMP synthase leads to the synthesis of uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP). UMP could be considered one of the hub molecules in pyrimidine metabolism because it is the precursor of other pyrimidine nucleotides." SIGNOR-253582 "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269026 BICDL1 protein Q6ZP65 UNIPROT KIF1C protein O43896 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20360680 t miannu "BICDR-1 interacts with the dynein/dynactin motor complex. In young neurons, BICDR-1 accumulates Rab6 secretory vesicles around the centrosome, restricts anterograde secretory transport and inhibits neuritogenesis. Later during development, BICDR-1 expression is strongly reduced, which permits anterograde secretory transport required for neurite outgrowth. These results indicate an important role for BICDR-1 as temporal regulator of secretory trafficking during the early phase of neuronal differentiation. These results show that BICDR-1 regulates recruitment and/or activity of the anterograde kinesin motor Kif1C on Rab6 secretory carriers." SIGNOR-266876 BST1 protein Q10588 UNIPROT NADP(+) smallmolecule CHEBI:18009 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR." SIGNOR-264251 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 BTO:0000782 17668895 t gcesareni "Msk1 and msk2 directly phosphorilate and activete transcription factors such as creb1, atf1 msk was the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of the transcription factor creb in response to tcr stimulation." SIGNOR-157158 VPS8 protein Q8N3P4 UNIPROT "CORVET tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C550 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273693 EIF2B3 protein Q9NR50 UNIPROT EIF2S3 protein P41091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269136 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser36 HPGFDAEsYTFTVPR 23972993 t "For phosphorylated residues see Figure 7" lperfetto "Priming phosphorylation of Cdh1 by the Cdk2/cyclin A kinase complex allows Plk1 to bind to Cdh1 and phosphorylate Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146. Phosphorylation of Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146 then triggers its interaction with, and subsequent ubiquitination by, SCFbeta-TRCP" SIGNOR-274049 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RGS18 protein Q9NS28 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 PTNLRRRsRSFTCNE 9606 BTO:0000132 24244663 t done miannu "Cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-dependent kinases (PKA, PKG) inhibit the interaction of RGS18 and 14-3-3 by phosphorylating S216. " SIGNOR-273786 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT STRAP protein Q9Y3F4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10757800 t gcesareni "Strap recruits smad7 to the activated type i receptor and forms a complex" SIGNOR-76771 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TRPM8 protein Q7Z2W7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SFRAARLsMRNRRND 9606 BTO:0000007 20110357 t done miannu "Using specific pharmacological and molecular tools combined with patch-clamp current recordings, we found that in heterologously expressed HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells, TRPM8 channel is inhibited by the G(i) protein/adenylate cyclase (AC)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade. We further identified the TRPM8 S9 and T17 as two key PKA phosphorylation sites regulating TRPM8 channel activity. the intracellular serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylates TRPM8 Ser-9 and Thr-17 inhibiting the channel activity." SIGNOR-273792 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT USP20 protein Q9Y2K6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser333 RMKDRKFsWGQQRTN 9534 BTO:0000298 25666616 t done miannu "Upon β2AR activation, a specific isoform of the second messenger cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKAα) rapidly phosphorylates USP20 on serine 333 located in its unique insertion domain. This phosphorylation of USP20 correlates with a characteristic SDS-PAGE mobility shift of the protein, blocks its deubiquitinase activity, promotes its dissociation from the activated β2AR complex, and facilitates trafficking of the ubiquitinated β2AR to autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes where receptors are degraded." SIGNOR-273795 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RAB37 protein Q96AX2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr172 YGVPFLEtSAKTGMN 9606 BTO:0002877 29312551 t done miannu "We also show that Rab37 is phosphorylated by protein kinase Cα (PKCα) at threonine 172 (T172), leading to attenuation of its GTP-bound state, and impairment of the Rab37-mediated exocytosis of TIMP1, and thus reduces its suppression activity on lung cancer cell motility. " SIGNOR-273803 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FLOT1 protein O75955 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr56 NVKSEKVyTRHGVPI 9606 BTO:0001583 24983503 t done miannu "Taken together, we conclude that mitochondrial c-Src phosphorylates flotillin-1 at Tyr56 and Tyr149, and that these phosphorylations are required for its interaction with CxII and the prevention of ROS production." SIGNOR-273805 EXOSC3 protein Q9NQT5 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261382 fulvestrant chemical CHEBI:31638 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 12113237 t miannu "Fulvestrant (Faslodex, formerly ICI 182,780) is a potent steroidal antiestrogen that mediates its effects by estrogen receptor downregulation." SIGNOR-259304 motesanib chemical CHEBI:51098 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194569 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser128 QHVRAHSsPASLQLG 9606 BTO:0000007 27979971 t done miannu "Here, we report that osmotic stress stimulates transient YAP nuclear localization and increases YAP activity even when YAP Ser127 is phosphorylated. Osmotic stress acts via the NLK kinase to induce YAP Ser128 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of YAP at Ser128 interferes with its ability to bind to 14-3-3, resulting in YAP nuclear accumulation and induction of downstream target gene expression. " SIGNOR-273909 "STX11-SNAP23 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C272 SIGNOR Platelet_degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH138 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 22767500 f lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23. |The SNAREs form transmembrane complexes that mediate membrane fusion and granule cargo release." SIGNOR-261901 LAMTOR5 protein O43504 UNIPROT LIN28B protein Q6ZN17 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23494474 f miannu "We found that HBXIP was able to upregulate Lin28B in breast cancer MCF-7 cells." SIGNOR-255251 Fibrin complex SIGNOR-C317 SIGNOR PLAT protein P00750 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000131 1447176 f lperfetto "The presence of fibrin greatly accelerates the activation of plasminogen by tPA and hence can exert a regulatory influence over plasminogen activation" SIGNOR-263536 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser780 DSLDSRLsPPAGLFT 9606 BTO:0000975 10194762 t lperfetto "Gh treatment of chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the gh receptor (choa cells) led to rapid and transient activation of both stat5a and erk1 and erk2. these observations show, for the first time, direct physical interaction between erk and stat5a and also clearly identify serine 780 as a target for erk." SIGNOR-66239 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser205 GAEGDVSsEREP -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273980 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser759 SSSQRAAsLDSVATS 25998128 t lperfetto "AMOTL2 is phosphorylated at serine 760 by mTORC2. Mutation of AMOTL2 mimicking constitutive Ser(760) phosphorylation blocks its ability to bind and repress YAP leading to increased relative expression of known YAP gene targets." SIGNOR-272085 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT XRCC6 protein P12956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 ASGDYKYsGRDSLIF 9606 BTO:0001546 26337656 t done miannu "Ku70 phosphorylation occurs within minutes of genotoxic stress and involves DNA-PKcs and/or ATM kinase activities.By using specific vectors enabling the simultaneous shRNA-mediated inhibition of endogenous Ku70 and the expression of exogenous Ku70 resistant to shRNA (i.e. S27-S33-Ku70 and A27-A33-Ku70 expressing cells), we showed that phospho-Ku70 contributes to faster but error-prone DNA repair resulting in higher levels of chromosomal breaks." SIGNOR-274021 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000222 18854138 f gcesareni "Our cell-based assays and in vitro studies reveal a tight codependent partnership between foxo3 and pax3/7 to coordinately recruit rna polymerase ii and form a preinitiation complex (pic) to activate myod transcription in myoblasts." SIGNOR-181618 S protein P59594 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16940539 f miannu "Perturbation of the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes stress leading to the activation of cell signaling pathways known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) uses ER as a site for synthesis and processing of viral proteins. In this report, we demonstrate that infection with SARS-CoV induces the UPR in cultured cells. A comparison with M, E, and NSP6 proteins indicates that SARS-CoV spike (S) protein sufficiently induces transcriptional activation of several UPR effectors, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), GRP94, and C/EBP homologous protein." SIGNOR-260353 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser20 APPVRMSsTIFSTGG 9606 SIGNOR-C15 22137581 t llicata "Together, these results indicate that ampk phosphorylates endogenous ppp1r12c at s452 and pak2 at s20 in human cells." SIGNOR-195110 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser25 QAFELILsPRSKESV 9606 9271428 t gcesareni "Op18 is multisite phosphorylated on four ser residues during mitosis;two of these ser residues, ser-25 and ser-38, are targets for cyclin-dependent protein kinases. our findings suggest that stathmin phosphorylation in reh6 cells could be in part mediated by pkc activation." SIGNOR-50594 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 GSSPSQSsMVARTQT -1 11960013 t "In vitro the IRAK-1 activation loop is a good substrate for IRAK-4, and that T387 and S376 are the main sites of phosphorylation by both IRAK-1 and IRAK-4." SIGNOR-251326 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1626 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269379 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 29901072 t miannu "AT7519, a pyrazole 3-carboxyamide compound, was developed by Astex and acts as an inhibitor of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and CDK9." SIGNOR-262221 ITGAM protein P11215 UNIPROT "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253191 UQCRB protein P14927 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262194 DUSP9 protein Q99956 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21908610 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that inactivation of both erk1/2 and p38_ by dusp9/mkp-4 is mediated by a conserved arginine-rich kinase interaction motif located within the amino-terminal non-catalytic domain of the protein." SIGNOR-176589 RNF115 protein Q9Y4L5 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 23418353 t miannu "RNF126 and Rabring7 associate with the EGFR through a ubiquitin-binding zinc finger domain and both E3 ubiquitin ligases promote ubiquitylation of EGFR. In HeLa cells depleted of either RNF126 or Rabring7 the EGFR is retained in a late endocytic compartment and is inefficiently degraded." SIGNOR-272104 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr857 DIMRDSNyISKGSTF 9606 2550144 t llicata "We have identified two platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf)-dependent autophosphorylation sites in the beta subunit of the human pdgf receptor (pdgf-r). The major site of phosphorylation (tyr-857) corresponds to the major autophosphorylation site in many other tyrosine kinases. Tyr-751, which lies within the kinase insert region, is a second in vivo site and the major in vitro site." SIGNOR-22997 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253478 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2638 VAGQIRAtQQQHDFT 9606 BTO:0000773 12186630 t lperfetto "We have identified seven in vitro autophosphorylation sites in DNA-PKcs. Six of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2620, Ser2624, Thr2638 and Thr2647) are clustered in a region of 38 amino acids in the central region of the protein. Five of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638, Thr2647 and Ser3205) are conserved between six vertebrate species. Moreover, we show that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated in vivo at Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638 and Thr2647 in okadaic acid-treated human cells. | Thus phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at one or more of the autophosphorylation sites identified in this study is likely to be required for DNA-PKcs function." SIGNOR-249159 ARX protein Q96QS3 UNIPROT EBF3 protein Q9H4W6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19627984 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Arx is sufficient to repress Ebf3 endogenous expression and that its silencing in Arx mutant tissues partially rescues tangential cell movement." SIGNOR-251971 WNT9A protein O14904 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-132070 Zap70 protein P43404 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr191 LDGSREyVNVSQE 9606 BTO:0000007 29915297 t "Isoform O43561-2" Barakat "In the presence of the catalytically inactive LckK273R, the phosphorylation of LAT Y132 and Y191 residues by Zap70K362E were considerably increased" SIGNOR-274562 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000661 17353368 f "phosphorilation: Ser376" Barakat "Thus, our study reveals the mechanism of a novel negative feedback loop initiated from SLP-76 to modulate signal intensity during T cell activation." SIGNOR-274563 HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT Alternative_Splicing_Regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH204 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17371836 f "We demonstrate that Sam68 binds the mRNA for Bcl-x and affects its alternative splicing" SIGNOR-268687 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16293107 t gcesareni "Among other effectors, active ras binds and activates the raf kinase, iniziating a kinase cascade involving serine phosporylation of mek1/2 (mapkk) and tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of erk1/2. the raf family of proteins (raf-1, a-raf, and b-raf) is serine/threonine kinases that bind to the effector region of ras-gtp, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane. Once there, raf proteins are activated and phosphorylated by different protein kinases.. Association of ras with the mapk kinase kinase, raf, initiates the raf mek erk map kinase cascade." SIGNOR-141641 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000552 9736735 t lperfetto "Human CUL-1 associates with the SKP1/SKP2 complex and regulates p21CIP1/WAF1 and cyclin D proteins|These data suggest that the human p19(SKP1)/p45(SKP2)/CUL-1 complex is likely to function as an E3 ligase to selectively target cyclin D and p21 for the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation." SIGNOR-267556 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser346 LLCLRRSsLKAYGNG 9606 11809767 t lperfetto "Akt mediates sequestration of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor in response to insulin. Phosphorylation studies of the c-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor by akt in vitro identified ser(345) and ser(346) within a consensus motif for akt phosphorylation." SIGNOR-114470 PGK1 protein P00558 UNIPROT 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266505 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131628 FZD7 protein O75084 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22944199 t gcesareni "Wnt7a binding to fzd7 activates pi3k through a g protein alpha s- dependent mechanism." SIGNOR-198831 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263838 MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17149590 f miannu "the expression of important beta cell genes, e.g. those encoding solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (formerly known as GLUT2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1), NK6 transcription factor-related, locus 1 (NKX6-1), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PCSK1) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), was regulated positively by MAFA and negatively by DN-MAFA." SIGNOR-254562 testosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17347 ChEBI SRD5A1 protein P18405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15861399 t miannu "Testosterone is the predominant circulating androgen in mammals and is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5α-reductase in certain tissues of the male urogenital tract, skin, and other target cells. DHT binds with highest affinity to AR and together with testosterone promotes AR transcriptional activity thereby ensuring the development and maintenance of male reproductive functions." SIGNOR-251532 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KCNJ13 protein O60928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser201 TRPSPLTsVRVSAVL 9606 18976636 t gcesareni "After pharmacological pkc activation, kir7.1 currents were strongly inhibited. Co-application of pkc inhibitors attenuated this effect. Inactivation of pkc consensus sites also strongly attenuated the effect with a single site ((201)s) being essential for almost the total pkc sensitivity." SIGNOR-181863 GIGYF1 protein O75420 UNIPROT "EIF4E2/GIGYF1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C256 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30917308 t lperfetto "4EHP forms complexes with the GYF domain-containing proteins GIGYF1 and GIGYF2, which are critical for this translational repression" SIGNOR-261011 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser159 KKKKKRFsFKKSFKL -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III." SIGNOR-248923 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22128289 t irozzo "For activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, c-MET activation stimulates the activity of the rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) guanine nucleotide exchanger son of sevenless (SOS) via binding with SHC and GRB2 leading to the activation of RAS." SIGNOR-256261 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser196 KLRRRFSsLHFMVEV 9606 BTO:0000938 10529400 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylation site found in human caspase-9 is absent in mouse caspase-9BAD phosphorylation by Akt is an essential step for growth factor-mediated inhibition of caspase activation" SIGNOR-71480 SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 28430577 t lperfetto "Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved complex composed of four core proteins (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and either STAG2 or STAG1) that form a ring-shaped structure able to encircle chromatin" SIGNOR-263312 arecoline chemical CHEBI:2814 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258639 ZWINT protein O95229 UNIPROT "KNL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C363 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27881301 t lperfetto "KNL1C (known as Spc105 complex in S. cerevisiae) contains the KNL1 and ZWINT subunits." SIGNOR-265194 CYTH2 protein Q99418 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0003102 14565977 f miannu "ARNO and ARF6 regulate axonal elongation and branching through downstream activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase alpha" SIGNOR-264909 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120136 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser308 ARKKWKQsVRLISLC 9606 BTO:0000007 11579085 t lperfetto "The pro-apoptotic function of death-associated protein kinase is controlled by a unique inhibitory autophosphorylation-based mechanism.These results are consistent with a molecular model in which phosphorylation on ser(308) stabilizes a locked conformation of the cam-regulatory domain within the catalytic cleft and simultaneously also interferes with cam binding." SIGNOR-110807 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr333 NIMRTYTyEKLLWTT 9606 22056988 t lperfetto "Egfr activation induces translocation of pkm2 into the nucleus, where k433 of pkm2 binds to c-src-phosphorylated y333 of _-cateninthese findings reveal that egf induces _-catenin transactivation via a mechanism distinct from that induced by wnt/wingless and highlight the essential non-metabolic functions of pkm2 in egfr-promoted _-catenin transactivation, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis" SIGNOR-177086 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser221 KVAAETQsPSLFGST 9606 19767751 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates nup50 at ser221 and ser315 erk phosphorylation of the fg repeat region of nup50 reduced its affinity for importin-beta family proteins, importin-beta and transportin." SIGNOR-188151 CR2 protein P20023 UNIPROT CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 31732528 t scontino "Complement receptor type 2 (CR2)/CD21 plays a key role in the development of high-affinity Abs and long-lasting memory to foreign Ags. When CR2 is bound by its primary C3 activation fragment–derived ligand, designated C3d, it coassociates with CD19 on B cells to amplify BCR signaling." SIGNOR-266642 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD -1 21457715 t Giulio "Activation of the catalytic ATPase domain residing in the N‐terminus of the heavy chain relies on the reversible phosphorylation of the associated MLC on Ser19 (monophosphorylation), or in some cases on both Thr18 and Ser19 (diphosphorylation)|We detected Ser19 of MLC as the common phosphorylation site for the catalytic domains of MRCK_/_, ROK_, MLCK and PAK_, but only ROK_ and CRIK are able to phosphorylate both Thr18 and Ser19 residues causing diphosphorylation." SIGNOR-260307 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24168260 f miannu "NF-κB, which can be activated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (12), is responsible for the transcription of inflammatory factors and profibrotic cytokines, which promote an inflammatory response and fibrosis" SIGNOR-260445 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12913110 f lperfetto "In addition, we find that FKHRL1 (FOXO3a) directly activates the bim promoter via two conserved FOXO binding sites and that mutation of these sites abolishes bim promoter activation after NGF withdrawal." SIGNOR-209657 HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257115 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr846 DGGGSDRyGSLRPGW 9606 BTO:0000763 20861316 t lperfetto "Nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (nmmlck), a multi-functional cytoskeletal protein critical to vascular homeostasis, is highly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. We identified multiple novel c-abl-mediated nmmlck phosphorylation sites by mass spectroscopy analysis (including y231, y464, y556, y846) and examined their influence on nmmlck function and human lung endothelial cell (ec) barrier regulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of nmmlck increased kinase activity" SIGNOR-168001 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000584 17312387 f "In contrast, BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others. In conclusion, BTF3 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it acts as a transcriptional regulator rather than a direct modulator of apoptosis." SIGNOR-253949 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 f apalma "Phosphorylation of mTOR by Akt leads to mTOR activation (40, 52) and the subsequent activation of p70S6K (47). This latter event has great potential importance for the promotion of muscle growth by the IGF-I/Akt/mTOR pathway, because p70S6k is a potent stimulator of protein synthesis that can be activated by increases in muscle contraction" SIGNOR-255108 NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser910 SLLGRSGsYSYLEER 9606 20354225 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser(445), ser(472), and ser(910) of mypt1 by nuak1 promoted the interaction of mypt1 with 14-3-3 adaptor proteins, thereby suppressing phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-22572 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16818604 t gcesareni "In conclusion, our data show that ctip is a physiological substrate of the brca1 e3 ligase. Brca1 recruits ctip through its c-terminal brct domains and promotes ctip ubiquitination through its n-terminal ring domain. The ubiquitinated ctip is not targeted for degradation. Instead, ubiquitinated ctip binds to chromatin following dna damage and is likely to be involved in dna damage checkpoint control." SIGNOR-147711 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT GSTM2 protein P28161 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 21246532 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Sp1 in normal lung cells reduced GST-M2 expression, and silencing of DNMT-3b increased GST-M2 expression in lung cancer cells." SIGNOR-271687 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser216 IPLMLNDsGSAHSMP 9606 18794143 t lperfetto "Hsf1 was phosphorylated by plk1 at ser(216) of the dsgxxs motif during the timing of mitosis and a phospho-defective mutant form of hsf1 inhibited mitotic progression. Phosphorylated hsf1 during spindle pole localization underwent ubiquitin degradation through the scf(beta-trcp) pathway." SIGNOR-180915 EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9767234 f miannu "MSH receptor (MSH-R) binding activity was upregulated by UVB, IL-1alpha, -1beta and ET-1, but was downregulated by TNF-alpha.Northern blotanalysis showed that MC1-R mRNA expression was induced 24 h after UVB irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and that 24-h treatment with ET-1 also induced an expression of MC1-R mRNA,whereas TNF-a downregulated the expression. In addition, IL-1a and -1b have a small but real inductiveeffect on MC1-R mRNA expression." SIGNOR-252386 Serum stimulus SIGNOR-ST3 SIGNOR PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 19584320 f miannu "Ampk is activated under conditions of low energy charge and typically inhibits anabolic reactions and promotes catabolism" SIGNOR-186644 C3AR1 protein Q16581 UNIPROT Chemotaxis phenotype SIGNOR-PH93 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9108406 f lperfetto "We report here that the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are chemotactic factors for the human mast cell line HMC-1, human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMC) and cutaneous mast cells in vitro." SIGNOR-263471 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT BAZ1B protein Q9UIG0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser158 KSDGACDsPSSDKEN 9606 19776015 t gcesareni "Moreover, this region (wac domain) was also phosphorylated by recombinant proteins of p38_? And jnk2_? But not by akt1" SIGNOR-188160 ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 26095609 f miannu "ANXA3 Induces a Feed-Forward Loop that Is Mediated by the MKK4/JNK Signaling Cascade. To substantiate the importance of the JNK/AP-1 pathway in ANXA3-driven HCC, we performed rescue experiments using the JNK-specific inhibitor (JNKi) SP600125. JNKi suppressed the oncogenic properties conferred by ANXA3 overexpression, as evidenced by the diminished abilities of HCC cells to form colonies, migrate, invade, induce angiogenesis, form hepatospheres, and resist apoptosis and chemotherapy (Figures 6F–6J). Interestingly, treatment of parental HCC cells or HCC cells overexpressing ANXA3 with JNKi resulted in not only a reduction in JNK activity and modulation of downstream target genes (c-MYC and p21) but also a marked decrease in ANXA3 expression, suggesting that ANXA3 induces a feed-forward loop that is mediated by MKK4/JNK signaling (Figures 6K–6L)." SIGNOR-262214 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001061 14761977 t miannu " MDM2 facilitates p21 degradation independent of ubiquitination and the E3 ligase function of MDM2. Instead, MDM2 promotes p21 degradation by facilitating binding of p21 with the proteasomal C8 subunit. The physical interaction between p21 and MDM2 was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo with the binding region in amino acids 180-298 of the MDM2 protein." SIGNOR-272954 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser164 STDTVEHsLDNKDGP -1 19531356 t lperfetto "Nutrient-replete oocytes inhibit C2 via S135 phosphorylation catalyzed by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. We now show that C2 phosphorylated at S135 binds 14-3-3zeta, thus preventing C2 dephosphorylation. Moreover, we determined that S135 dephosphorylation is catalyzed by protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), which directly binds C2." SIGNOR-264661 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12270934 f lperfetto " Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), in the presence of dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxanthine, and insulin, induces a prolonged activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which lasts for at least 12 h post-induction, and this activity is less sensitive to the MEK inhibitors" SIGNOR-218010 Aflibercept chemical SID:134445687 ChEBI VEGFB protein P49765 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22813448 t miannu "Aflibercept, a fusion protein with binding domains from native VEGF receptors, binds VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factors 1 and 2 with high affinity.This soluble decoy receptor is produced by fusing all-human DNA sequences of the second immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of human VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 1 to the third Ig domain of human VEGFR-2, which then is fused to the Fc region of human IgG-1.2 Aflibercept binds to all VEGF-A and VEGF-B isoforms, as well as the highly related placental growth factor." SIGNOR-259387 nilotinib chemical CHEBI:52172 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258258 IFNL2 protein Q8IZJ0 UNIPROT IL10RB protein Q08334 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12469119 t gcesareni "Il-28 and il-29 interacted with a heterodimeric class ii cytokine receptor that consisted of il-10 receptor beta (il-10rbeta) and an orphan class ii receptor chain, designated il-28ralpha." SIGNOR-96209 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp333 DTVAENDdGGFSEEW -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261753 "double-stranded DNA" chemical CHEBI:4705 ChEBI "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "The BRCA1‚ÄìC complex consisting of BRCA1, Mre11:Rad50:Nbs1 (collectively known as the MRN complex) and CtIP plays a role in DSB end resection, a process that also involves EXO1 and DNA2" SIGNOR-269477 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr100 FDKDGNGyISAAELR 9606 3415247 t lperfetto "The in vitro phosphorylation of calmodulin by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylated calmodulin does not exhibit the characteristic ca2+ shift normally observed with calmodulin in electrophoretic gels, an observation that is consistent with this modification affecting the biological activity of the molecule." SIGNOR-24782 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser184 FYYEILNsPEKACSL 9606 15071501 t "JNK1 and JNK2 are required for apoptosis of thymocites,Ser residues in the reagion between alpha-helices 7 and 8." gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylated 14-3-3 at ser-184 and 14-3-3 at ser-186 both in vitro and in vivo, and such phosphorylation reduced the affinity of 14-3-3 proteins for bax" SIGNOR-124020 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr12 DSQQTNDyMQPEEDW 9606 16291744 t gcesareni "Here we report that protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp 1b) is an ?-Actinin phosphatase." SIGNOR-141634 PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12038972 t gcesareni "Ep3 receptor signals are primarily involved in adenylyl cyclase via g(i) activation, and in ca(2+)-mobilization through g(beta)(gamma) from g(i)" SIGNOR-88195 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser238 SRGSPRYsPRHSRSR 9606 BTO:0000142 18658135 t gcesareni "Here, we demonstrate that dyrk1a, a kinase encoded by a gene in the ds critical region, phosphorylates alternative splicing factor (asf) at ser-227, ser-234, and ser-238, driving it into nuclear speckles and preventing it from facilitating tau exon 10 inclusion." SIGNOR-179615 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3" SIGNOR-66738 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR FBLIM1 protein Q8WUP2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 24165133 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "Kindlin binds migfilin tandem LIM domains and regulates migfilin focal adhesion localization and recruitment dynamics. Two integrin-binding proteins present in FAs, kindlin-1 and kindlin-2, are important for integrin activation, FA formation, and signaling. By binding filamin, migfilin provides a link between kindlin and the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-269956 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776;BTO:0003076 11994288 t gcesareni "These negative regulatory effects on ig class switching were concomitant with the ability of cd45 to dephosphorylate the induced phosphorylation of jak1, jak3," SIGNOR-87154 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GRIN2C protein Q14957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1081 GSRPRHAsLPSSVAE 10090 BTO:0004278 19477150 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that PKB/Akt directly phosphorylates NR2C on serine 1096 (S1096). In addition, we identify 14-3-3epsilon as an NR2C interactor, whose binding is dependent on S1096 phosphorylation. These data are all consistent with a model in which NR1 and NR2C oligomerize, PKB phosphorylates S1096, and 14-3-3ε binds to phosphorylated NR2C thereby promoting NR2C-containing NMDA receptor surface expression in cerebellar granule cells." SIGNOR-262620 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser36 AQQVSSLsESEESQD 9606 20730097 t lperfetto "We propose that constitutive hyperphosphorylation by ck1/ck2 maintains atf1 in an inactive state that promotes transcriptional repression. Pp2a/b56c antagonizes phosphorylation of atm sites in both creb and atf1" SIGNOR-167560 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp78 PNVVAARdVPEGMQN 9606 11741536 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase (ikk) beta was specifically proteolyzed by caspase-3-related caspases at aspartic acid residues 78, 242, 373, and 546 during tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-256434 DDC protein P20711 UNIPROT L-dopa smallmolecule CHEBI:15765 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Subsequently, L-DOPA is converted into 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine) through decarboxylation by the enzyme L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase) in the pre-synaptic terminal" SIGNOR-263992 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000891 10929711 t amattioni "Smac promotes caspase-9 activation by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, iaps, and removing their inhibitory activity." SIGNOR-80209 WNT9B protein O14905 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-132111 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT GAS6 protein Q14393 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268876 IQSEC2 protein Q5JU85 UNIPROT ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0000142 18164504 t miannu "Here, we characterized IQ-ArfGEF/BRAG1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Arf6, in the mouse brain. In vivo Arf pull down assay demonstrated that IQ-ArfGEF/BRAG1 activated Arf6 more potently than Arf1.IQ-ArfGEF/BRAG1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf6 that interacts with PSD-95 at postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Taken together, IQ-ArfGEF/BRAG1 forms a postsynaptic protein complex containing PSD-95 and NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses, where it may function as a GEF for Arf6." SIGNOR-264906 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3Y1 protein P0DPK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkATAWQAP 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269631 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000298 8974401 t lperfetto "A MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), termed ASK1, was identified that activated two different subgroups of MAP kinase kinases (MAPKK), SEK1 (or MKK4) and MKK3/MAPKK6 (or MKK6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK, also known as JNK; c-Jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subgroups of MAP kinases, respectively." SIGNOR-45366 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser740 SFTALDWsWLQTEEE 9606 18957422 t lperfetto "Plk1 phosphorylates serines 733, 740, and 750 in the gammabd of ikkbeta in vitro. Phosphorylating gammabd with plk1 decreased its affinity for ikkgamma" SIGNOR-181802 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT SLC12A1 protein Q13621 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr100 TNTYYLQtFGHNTMD 9606 BTO:0000007 21321328 t miannu "We establish that the SPAK and OSR1 kinases activated by WNK interact with an RFQV motif on NKCC2 and directly phosphorylate Thr95, Thr100, Thr105 and, possibly, Ser91. Our data indicate that a SPAK-OSR1-independent kinase, perhaps AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylates Ser130 and that phosphorylation of Thr105 and Ser130 plays the most important roles in stimulating NKCC2 activity." SIGNOR-263129 WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270801 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 GKGSQPPsPPSPAPS 9606 15448698 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-129402 P4HB protein P07237 UNIPROT Collagen proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF103 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 9545296 t miannu "We also show that PDI associates independently with the C-propeptide of monomeric procollagen chains prior to trimer formation, indicating a role for this protein in coordinating the assembly of heterotrimeric molecules. This demonstrates that PDI has multiple functions in the folding of the same protein, that is, as a catalyst for disulfide bond formation, as a subunit of P4-H during proline hydroxylation, and independently as a molecular chaperone during chain assembly." SIGNOR-269731 MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Lats1 and Lats2 are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases." gcesareni "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1." SIGNOR-169795 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser305 IKRSKKNsLALSLTA 9606 BTO:0000149 12374744 t lperfetto "Pak1 directly phosphorylated the activation function-2 domain of the er at the n-terminal residue ser305, and its mutation to ala (s305a) abolished the pak1-mediated phosphorylation and transactivation functions of the er" SIGNOR-94206 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-252720 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000899 10201980 t lperfetto "Activation of Btk occurs by transphosphorylation of tyrosine 551 in the catalytic domain, resulting in a dramatic increase in the catalytic activity of the kinase (11, 12, 13). This allows for autophosphorylation at tyrosine 223 in the SH3 domain (14). Both Lyn and Syk have been demonstrated to be involved in BCR-mediated Btk activation (11), but processes that drive colocalization of these kinases are ill-defined. Recently, it was suggested that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) is also involved in Btk activation" SIGNOR-252709 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser588 QTLSDSLsGSSLYST 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249685 FH protein P07954 UNIPROT (S)-malate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15589 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30761759 t miannu "Fumarate hydratases (FHs, fumarases) catalyze the reversible conversion of fumarate into l-malate. FHs are distributed over all organisms and play important roles in energy production, DNA repair and as tumor suppressors." SIGNOR-266280 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10078207 t miannu "The remodeling activity of brg1 and hbrm is stimulated by baf170/baf155 and is further stimulated when ini1 is added." SIGNOR-65435 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8440710 t 2 miannu "CRE-BPa binds to CRE with higher affinity than to the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element as a homodimer or a CRE-BPa/c-Jun or CRE-BPa/CRE-BP1 heterodimer." SIGNOR-240397 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 16281084 f "After AR antagonist flutamide treatment, three hundred and twenty-six genes (3.93%) expressed differentially, 97 down-regulated and 219 up-regulated. Among them, eight up-regulated genes might be cell cycle-related, namely CDC10, NRAS, BTG1, Wee1, CLK3, DKFZP564A122, CDKN1A and BTG2. The CDKN1A and BTG1 gene mRNA expression was confirmed to be higher in the experimental group by RT-PCR, while p53 mRNA expression had no significant changes." SIGNOR-253675 MRPL35 protein Q9NZE8 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262362 HOXB4 protein P17483 UNIPROT IGFBP1 protein P08833 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12489992 t Luana "These data showed that Hox genes selectively activate the transcription of theIGFBP-1" SIGNOR-261636 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr809 DIMNDSNyIVKGNAR 9606 BTO:0001271 15297464 t lperfetto "Csf-1r homodimerizes and autophosphorylates on six tyrosines in the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor. Tyr807 is located in the activation loop of the kinase domain (9) and its phosphorylation is important for kinase activity (10). The remaining tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins containing src homology 2 (sh2) binding domains. Three sites are found in the ki: grb2/mona (tyr697) (11, 12), p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (tyr721) (13), and stat1 (tyr706) (14), the c-cbl binding site is in the cooh terminus (tyr974) (15, 16), and the src family kinase (sfk) binding site is in the jmd (y559) (17). These molecules further propagate the csf-1 signal through activation of ras/erk, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt, and stat proteins." SIGNOR-127618 WNT4 protein P56705 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131832 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10197981 t gcesareni "Ras signaling was shown previously to induce the phosphorylation of the bmp mediator smad1 at four erk consensus sites in the linker domain (kretzschmar et al. 1997a). Phosphorylation of these four sites inhibits smad1 accumulation in the nucleus" SIGNOR-66755 RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 19289081 t lperfetto "RanBP3 directly recognizes dephosphorylated Smad2/3, which results from the activity of nuclear Smad phosphatases, and mediates nuclear export of Smad2/3 in a Ran-dependent manner." SIGNOR-232116 tamsulosin chemical CHEBI:9398 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258471 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT LORICRIN protein P23490 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 12200429 f miannu "Mutation and DNA-protein analyses show that Sp1, c-Jun, an unidentified regulator, and the co-activator p300/CREB-binding protein up-regulate whereas Sp3, CREB-1/CREMalpha/ATF-1, Jun B, and an AP2-like protein (termed the keratinocyte-specific repressor-1 (KSR-1)) suppress loricrin promoter activity." SIGNOR-254538 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF224 protein P0DH78 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271260 UBAP2L protein Q14157 UNIPROT RNF2 protein Q99496 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25185265 t Sara "UBAP2L associates with BMI1 and RNF2. UBAP2L, BMI1, RNF2, and PHC1 define a novel Polycomb subcomplex" SIGNOR-261316 SP7 protein Q8TDD2 UNIPROT IFITM5 protein A6NNB3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23530031 f miannu "Regulation of the bone-restricted IFITM-like (Bril) gene transcription by Sp and Gli family members and CpG methylation. Bril transcription is activated by Sp1, Sp3, OSX, and GLI2 and by CpG demethylation." SIGNOR-254219 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 18074631 f lperfetto "In fact, experiments with either genetic knockouts or RNAi for the PGC1s show that the ability of ROS to induce a ROS scavenging programme depends entirely on the PGC1s. This includes genes encoding mitochondrial proteins like SOD2, but also includes cytoplasmic proteins such as catalase and GPX1. Cells lacking PGC1alpha are hypersensitive to death from oxidative stress caused by H2O2 or paraquat." SIGNOR-253397 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258011 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBA1C protein Q9BQE3 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116677 ARHGEF3 protein Q9NR81 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260530 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 LQTDGNRsSHSRLGR 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-250785 CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT 18-hydroxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16485 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268684 midostaurin chemical CHEBI:63452 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 16969355 t lperfetto "Midostaurin (PKC412A), N-benzoyl-staurosporine, potently inhibits protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha), VEGFR2, KIT, PDGFR and FLT3 tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-261981 TG101209 chemical CHEBI:90304 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207263 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18641330 t Giorgia "In these studies, we also found that SLP-2 interacted with Lck, ZAP70, LAT, and PLC-gamma1 during the 30-min period following stimulation in vitro|The SLP-2-associated pool of these molecules became phosphorylated/activated in a sequential manner, a profile compatible with their temporal involvement in early TCR signalling." SIGNOR-260376 ITGA9 protein Q13797 UNIPROT "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253183 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT DSN1 protein Q9H410 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser100 RQSWRRAsMKETNRR 9606 20471944 t lperfetto "To determine whether the combinatorial regulation of the kmn network by aurora b observed in vitro is critical to controlling kinetochore-microtubule attachments in vivo, we next investigated the effect of the phosphomimetic (to aspartate) and nonphosphorylatable (to alanine) mutants of dsn1, knl1, and ndc80 in vertebrate cells. We predicted that both types of mutations in critical phosphorylation sites would affect chromosome segregation, since preventing the inactivation of inappropriately attached kinetochores by aurora b (in the nonphosphorylatable mutant) or constitutively inactivating this attachment (in the phosphomimetic mutant)." SIGNOR-165546 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 10783894 t gcesareni "AFX transcriptionally activates p27kip1, resulting in increased protein levels." SIGNOR-252928 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr187 CDIQTHMtNNKGSAA 9606 17079228 t gcesareni "Our results demonstrate that pp6 specifically down-regulates tak1 through dephosphorylation of thr-187 in the activation loop, which is likely important for suppressing inflammatory responses via tak1 signaling pathways." SIGNOR-150369 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT KRT19 protein P08727 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr391 LEGQEDHyNNLSASK 9606 21049038 t llicata "Human k19 tyrosine 391 is phosphorylated, potentially by src kinase, and is the first well-defined tyrosine phosphorylation site of any keratin protein." SIGNOR-169273 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22926518 t miannu "The activated TGFβ type I receptor kinase propagates the signal within the cell through phosphorylation of the receptor-regulated (R-)Smad proteins Smad2 and Smad3 at their extreme carboxyl-terminal serine residues.1, 2 The activated R-Smads then form heteromeric complexes with the common-partner (Co-)Smad, Smad4, and accumulate in the nucleus, where they can bind DNA and regulate gene expression. The Smads control gene expression in a cell type-specific manner by interacting with other proteins, such as AP-1, AP-2 and Ets transcription factors and specific co-activators and co-repressors." SIGNOR-256180 IC-87114 chemical CHEBI:90686 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206184 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257985 CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17490 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267130 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255090 BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16713561 f gcesareni "The cyclin d1 elevation is caused not by increased p65/p50 action but rather by increased nuclear activity of bcl-3-associated nf-kappab p50 and p52" SIGNOR-146771 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT SSPN protein Q14714 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000584 17312387 f "In contrast, BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others. In conclusion, BTF3 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it acts as a transcriptional regulator rather than a direct modulator of apoptosis." SIGNOR-253951 LYST protein Q99698 UNIPROT RAB5B protein P61020 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 7227 33725482 t lperfetto "Mauve interacts with Rab5, Msps, and gamma-tubulin|Mauve/LYST opposes Rab5, which promotes vesicle fusion affecting PCM recruitment" SIGNOR-266002 TNK2 protein Q07912 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr176 EKATGRYyAMKILKK 10090 BTO:0002021 20333297 t gcesareni "Ack1 (also known as ACK or TNK2), which directly phosphorylates AKT at an evolutionarily conserved tyrosine 176 in the kinase domain. Tyr176-phosphorylated AKT localizes to the plasma membrane and promotes Thr308/Ser473-phosphorylation leading to AKT activation." SIGNOR-252457 RGMA protein Q96B86 UNIPROT NEO1 protein Q92859 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 18485097 t miannu "Netrin-1-neogenin interactions mediate chemoattractive axon guidance, while RGMa-neogenin interactions repel axons. " SIGNOR-268388 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11360177 t gcesareni "Tyrosine 1062 in ret provides a site for the interaction of multiple signaling molecules and that the balance of shc and snt/frs2 binding may affect the nature of the intracellular signaling for cell proliferation, differentiation and survival induced by activated ret" SIGNOR-108244 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR NRXN3 protein Q9HDB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11470830 t miannu "In brain, dystroglycan and dystrophin are expressed on neurons and astrocytes, and some muscular dystrophies cause cognitive dysfunction. Our data indicate that dystroglycan is a physiological ligand for neurexins and that neurexins' tightly regulated interaction could mediate cell adhesion between brain cells. these results suggest that α- and β-neurexins represent ligands for dystroglycan via interactions of their LNS domains, analogous to interaction of the LNS-domain in laminin, agrin, and perlecan with dystroglycan." SIGNOR-265450 NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262069 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr221 IRAKIQDyHILTRKR 9606 BTO:0000007 15143187 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation of jak2 on tyrosines 221 and 570 regulates its activity with phosphorylation of tyrosine 221 increasing kinase activity" SIGNOR-236506 PRSS2 protein P07478 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg36 TNRSSKGrSLIGKVD -1 10978167 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3." SIGNOR-263603 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Pro-tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29154 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269554 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12792650 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Inhibition of caspase-9 through phosphorylation at thr 125 by erk mapk" SIGNOR-270184 PGLS protein O95336 UNIPROT 6-phospho-D-gluconate smallmolecule CHEBI:16863 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31586547 t miannu "The second enzyme in the oxiPPP, 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGLS), converts 6PGL to 6-phosphogluconate (6PG)." SIGNOR-267058 FGF10 protein O15520 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9582367 t gcesareni "Rfgf-10 bound the kgfr with high affinity comparable to that of kgf" SIGNOR-57380 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT NEUROD4 protein Q9HD90 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268905 FAM83A protein Q86UY5 UNIPROT CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273765 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 23972993 t "For phosphorylated residues see Figure 7" lperfetto "Priming phosphorylation of Cdh1 by the Cdk2/cyclin A kinase complex allows Plk1 to bind to Cdh1 and phosphorylate Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146. Phosphorylation of Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146 then triggers its interaction with, and subsequent ubiquitination by, SCFbeta-TRCP" SIGNOR-274053 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TRPM8 protein Q7Z2W7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser9 SFRAARLsMRNRRND 9606 BTO:0000007 20110357 t done miannu "Using specific pharmacological and molecular tools combined with patch-clamp current recordings, we found that in heterologously expressed HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells, TRPM8 channel is inhibited by the G(i) protein/adenylate cyclase (AC)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade. We further identified the TRPM8 S9 and T17 as two key PKA phosphorylation sites regulating TRPM8 channel activity. the intracellular serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylates TRPM8 Ser-9 and Thr-17 inhibiting the channel activity." SIGNOR-273794 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PITPNC1 protein Q9UKF7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser274 SVRSAPSsAPSTPLS 9534 BTO:0000298 21728994 t done miannu "Only BIM-I caused a reduction in 14-3-3 binding (Figure 3B), suggesting that PKC could be responsible for one or both of the serine phosphorylations, pSer274 and pSer299." SIGNOR-273800 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PITPNC1 protein Q9UKF7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser299 KDRPRKKsAPETLTL 9534 BTO:0000298 21728994 t done miannu "Only BIM-I caused a reduction in 14-3-3 binding (Figure 3B), suggesting that PKC could be responsible for one or both of the serine phosphorylations, pSer274 and pSer299." SIGNOR-273801 MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 23458718 t miannu "AGRN is released by the nerve and binds to LRP4, which then binds to MuSK. This interaction leads to MuSK autophosphorylation and activation of its kinase function, leading to anterograde signalling by subsequent phosphorylation of DOK7 (not shown), which binds MuSK as a dimer." SIGNOR-273851 EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT EPHA10 protein Q5JZY3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000093 27566654 t miannu "By using co-immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated physical interaction between kinase-deficient EPHA10 with kinase-sufficient EPHA7 receptor. we speculate that the kinase activity of EPHA7 cross-phosphorylates EPHA10." SIGNOR-273873 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT HLTF protein Q14527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 20388495 t miannu "CHFR functions as a ubiquitin ligase for HLTF to regulate its stability and functions. CHFR negatively regulates and ubiquitinates HLTF. Taken together, this is the first report identifying the regulatory mechanism of HLTF by CHFR, suggesting that CHFR-mediated downregulation of HLTF may help protect against cancer." SIGNOR-271460 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 SPQVRTLsGSRPPLL -1 11171059 t miannu "EEF-2K can be phosphorylated in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and that this induces significant Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-independent eEF-2K activity. sites of phosphorylation were Ser-365 and Ser-499" SIGNOR-250354 FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "D1-D2-G-X3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C301 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18212739 t lperfetto "These results argue that FANCG has a role independent of the FA core complex, and we propose that phosphorylation of serine 7 is the signalling event required for forming a discrete complex comprising FANCD1/BRCA2-FANCD2-FANCG-XRCC3 (D1-D2-G-X3). " SIGNOR-263255 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr219 ASLSLPAtPVGKGTE -1 12556484 t done miannu "In this case, only NudelS2 and NudelS5 were phosphorylated. Therefore, T219, S242, and T245 of Nudel were phosphorylation sites of Cdc2 in vitro. In contrast, Erk2 only phosphorylated T219 and T245. These two sites, with surrounding sequences such as PATP from residues 217 to 220 and PLTP from 243 to 246, respectively, are indeed typical MAPK sites" SIGNOR-274076 STK10 protein O94804 UNIPROT MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr558 LGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 19255442 t llicata "Evidence in jurkat cells that lok phosphorylates erm and that erm phosphorylation impedes migration." SIGNOR-184433 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser182 AKGPSESsKERNTPR -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273978 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR CSF2RB protein P32927 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0005248 8758906 t irozzo "We demonstrated that Bcr-Abl co-immunoprecipitates with, and constitutively phosphorylates, the common βc,subunit of the interleukin 3 and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptors.We demonstrate that Bcr-Abl interacts with the common βc subunit of the IL-3 family of receptors and phosphorylates it on tyrosine." SIGNOR-255814 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr246 STGGTPLtPAARISA 9606 BTO:0000007 16682949 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Su48 can associate with Nde1. Moreover, we found that Nde1 is subjected to phosphorylation in vivo. In particular, we identified six putative Cdc2 phosphorylation sites in Nde1 and found that alteration of these sites diminishes phosphorylation by Cdc2 in vitro and affects the stability of Su48-Nde1 interactions and the centrosomal localization of Nde1." SIGNOR-274086 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270734 PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 16226275 t "First, Erk phosphorylates HePTP at residues Thr45 and Ser72. Second, HePTP dephosphorylates Erk at PTyr185" SIGNOR-248483 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation His19 SGPSNFEhRVHTGFD -1 12860998 t miannu "Active form of Cdc42, but not Rac1 and Rho, protein was able to activate the purified GST-Pak5 autophosphorylation and kinase activity. Mutations of Pak5, which disrupted the interaction of Cdc42 and Pak5, also abolished the induction of autophosphorylation.  The H19L/H22L mutant of Pak5 was insensitive to the Cdc42-induced autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-250248 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GABBR2 protein O75899 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser893 EHIQRRLsLQLPILH 9534 BTO:0001538 11976702 t miannu "Here we show that the functional coupling of GABA(B)R1/GABA(B)R2 receptors to inwardly rectifying K(+) channels rapidly desensitizes. This effect is alleviated after direct phosphorylation of a single serine residue (Ser892) in the cytoplasmic tail of GABA(B)R2 by cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA)." SIGNOR-263150 TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16386358 t "In turn, T-bet is an IFN-gamma activator (Szabo et al., 2000), thus creating an indirect positive feedback. Furthermore, it has been shown that ectopic T-bet is able to induce the transcription of its own gene" SIGNOR-254294 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser442 AEEIRRLSVLVDDYQ 10090 BTO:0004578 20303493 t Barakat "Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is an important suppressor of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. It contains a protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site at serine 442 (S442) and can be phosphorylated by PKA" SIGNOR-274137 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NDRG2 protein Q9UN36 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr348 GNRSRSRtLSQSSES 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000763 15461589 t llicata "Sgk1 phosphorylated ndrg2 at thr330, ser332 and thr348 in vitro. for example, the phosphorylation of thr330 or ser332 by sgk1 may prime ndrg2 for phosphorylation by gsk3 at ser326 and ser328 respectively, for example, the phosphorylation of thr330 or ser332 by sgk1 may prime ndrg2 for phosphorylation by gsk3 at ser326 and ser328 respectively, the phosphorylation of thr348 by sgk1 may prime for phosphorylation at ser344" SIGNOR-129680 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBA1A protein Q71U36 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116640 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10321728 t miannu "We identified a human F-box/WD40 repeats protein (HOS), which is homologous to Slimb/h betaTrCP. Being a part of SCF complex with Skp1 and Cullin1, HOS specifically interacted with the phosphorylated IkappaB and beta-catenin, targeting these proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation in vivo. " SIGNOR-272546 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT ZWINT protein O95229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 MGRDPGVsFKAVGLQ -1 21775627 t lperfetto "Zwint-1 is a novel Aurora B substrate required for the assembly of a dynein-binding platform on kinetochores|During prometaphase, AurB phosphorylation of zwint-1 is required for recruitment of ZW10-, pT89 dynein-, and RZZ-dependent proteins to kinetochores. This is defective after AurB inhibition or after expression of the triple-A zwint-1 mutant. Triple-E mutant zwint-1 mimics phospho–zwint-1 in RZZ recruitment, even after AurB inhibition" SIGNOR-265011 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser486 RPLSRAQsSPAAPAS 9606 18509061 t gcesareni "We show for the first time that vegf stimulated phosphorylation of hdac7 at the sites of ser178, ser344, and ser479we found that phospholipase cgamma/protein kinase c/protein kinase d1 (pkd1)-dependent signal pathway mediated hdac7 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation by vegf." SIGNOR-178713 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19819937 f "In addition to the JAK2–STAT5 pathway, the Ras GTPase–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras–ERK) pathway has also been implicated in signaling of IL-5 and is important for IL-5-dependent cell survival, proliferation and differentiation of eosinophils." SIGNOR-254355 PTGER2 protein P43116 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256756 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT LAX1 protein Q8IWV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr373 SNEDSSDyENVLTAK 9606 BTO:0000007 12359715 t miannu "Upon stimulation via the B or T cell receptors, LAX is rapidly phosphorylated by Src and Syk family tyrosine kinases and interacts with Grb2, Gads, and p85. " SIGNOR-273535 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT INCENP protein Q9NQS7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 7227 16824953 t lperfetto "INCENP is phosphorylated by Aurora B and activates the kinase in a positive feedback loop" SIGNOR-252047 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity." SIGNOR-183667 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT KCNA3 protein P22001 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr187 FSEEIRFyQLGEEAM 9606 11812778 t gcesareni "The shaker family k+ channel protein, kv1.3, is tyrosine phosphorylated by v-src kinase at tyr137 and tyr449 to modulate current magnitude and kinetic properties." SIGNOR-114641 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270738 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT SDC2 protein P34741 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser188 LGERKPSsAAYQKAP -1 9244383 t lperfetto "We investigated phosphorylation of syndecan-2 cytoplasmic domain by PKC | Peptide mapping and substitution studies showed that both serines were phosphoacceptors, but each had slightly different affinity, with that of serine-197 being higher than serine-198." SIGNOR-248977 GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257153 AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 14657015 t lperfetto "A-kinase-anchoring protein 250 (AKAP250; gravin) acts as a scaffold that binds protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C and protein phosphatases, associating reversibly with the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor." SIGNOR-271836 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser396 NTVDLHIsNSHPLSL -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178371 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 18519666 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We show that at least two different nuclear protein kinases, one of them identified as p42/p44 mapk, can modify hif-1_. Analysis of in vitro phosphorylated hif-1_ by mass spectroscopy revealed residues ser-641 and ser-643 as possible mapk phosphorylation sites these data suggest that phosphorylation of ser-641/643 by mapk promotes the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of hif-1_" SIGNOR-270191 CDC42BPA protein Q5VT25 UNIPROT LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr508 PDRKKRYtVVGNPYW BTO:0000567 11340065 t llicata "Activation of LIM kinases by myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase alpha. \ In vitro, MRCKalpha phosphorylated the protein kinase domain of LIM kinases, and the site in LIMK2 phosphorylated by MRCKalpha proved to be threonine 505 within the activation segment." SIGNOR-250721 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT CTDP1 protein Q9Y5B0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser740 TKAQRENsPAAFPDR 9606 BTO:0000567 12591939 t llicata "We found that only phosphorylated FCP1 can physically interact with TFIIF. We set out to purify an FCP1 kinase from HeLa cells and identified casein kinase 2, which, surprisingly, displayed a negative effect on FCP1-associated activities.| Phosphorylation of FCP1 by CK2 Inhibits the Transcription Elongation Activity of FCP1. | Two in vivo phosphorylation sites within the C terminus of FCP1 at Ser-575 and Ser-740 were identified" SIGNOR-250986 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273461 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254875 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT TBX18 protein O95935 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254945 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr182 IDQGDLMtPQFTPYY 9606 BTO:0000567 9628874 t gcesareni "Prak activity was regulated by p38alpha and p38beta both in vitro and in vivo and thr182 was shown to be the regulatory phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-58131 JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10958687 t "Binding Calcium-dependent." gcesareni "Here we report the first x-ray structure of a functional fragment of a notch ligand, the dsl-egf3 domains of human jagged-1 (j-1dsl-egf3). The structure identifies a highly conserved face of the dsl domain and we show, by functional analysis of drosophila ligand mutants, that this surface is required for both cis- and trans-regulatory interactions with notch." SIGNOR-81364 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-267790 MCUB protein Q9NWR8 UNIPROT MCU_MICUB_variant complex SIGNOR-C499 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270863 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser453 PRQEMGRsPVDSLSS 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 12586839 t lperfetto "Thr-312 and thr-319 are known phosphorylation sites important for the increased transcriptional activation of mef2a by p38 mapk. Ser-453 and ser-479 are phosphorylated in vitro but were not important functionally" SIGNOR-98228 HLTF protein Q14527 UNIPROT OCA2 protein Q04671 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000847 22234890 f miannu "The SNP rs12913832 has strong statistical association with human pigmentation. It is located within an intron of the nonpigment gene HERC2, 21 kb upstream of the pigment gene OCA2, and the region surrounding rs12913832 is highly conserved among animal species.In darkly pigmented human melanocytes carrying the rs12913832 T-allele, we detected binding of the transcription factors HLTF, LEF1, and MITF to the HERC2 rs12913832 enhancer, and a long-range chromatin loop between this enhancer and the OCA2 promoter that leads to elevated OCA2 expression." SIGNOR-254425 POT1 protein Q9NUX5 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17237768 t miannu "We find that tpp1 and pot1 form a complex with telomeric dna that increases the activity and processivity of the human telomerase core enzyme." SIGNOR-152327 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser97 TIAESEDsQESVDSV 9606 9931297 t lperfetto "Ser108, ser111 and ser114, located in a region matching the consensus sequence for the casein kinase ii target, were required.These results strongly suggest that the casein kinase ii target region is involved in cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of the creb protein and also in transcriptional enhancement." SIGNOR-64254 873837-23-1 chemical CID:46930994 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190467 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR POLM protein Q9NP87 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser372 HQHSCCEsPTRLAQQ -1 23933132 t miannu " In vitro kinase assays showed that the S phase-associated Cdk2/cyclin A complex was able to phosphorylate Polμ. We identified Ser12, Thr21 (located in the BRCT domain) and Ser372 (located in loop1) as the target residues. Mutation of these residues to alanine indicated that Ser372 is the main phosphorylation site.Our evidences suggest that Polμ could be regulated in vivo by phosphorylation of the BRCT domain (Ser12/Thr21) and of Ser372, affecting the function of loop1." SIGNOR-273596 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr586 HNTPVDVtPCMSPLP -1 24879152 t lperfetto "The autophagy receptor NBR1 (neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1) binds UB/ubiquitin and the autophagosome-conjugated MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) proteins, thereby ensuring ubiquitinated protein degradation|Here we show that NBR1 is a substrate of GSK3. NBR1 phosphorylation by GSK3 at Thr586 prevents the aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins and their selective autophagic degradation." SIGNOR-261795 PPP2R5B protein Q15173 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA 9606 18845789 t gcesareni "Pp2a directly interacts with the bh4 domain of bcl2 as a docking site to potentially bridge pp2a to bcl2's flexible loop domain containing the target serine 70 phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-181559 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PDCL protein Q13371 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 LQYYYSSsEDEDSDH 9606 16717095 t lperfetto "Phosducin-like protein (phlp) is a widely expressed binding partner of the g protein betagamma subunit complex (gbetagamma) that has been recently shown to catalyze the formation of the gbetagamma dimer from its nascent polypeptides. Phosphorylation of phlp at one or more of three consecutive serines (ser-18, ser-19, and ser-20) is necessary for gbetagamma dimer formation and is believed to be mediated by the protein kinase ck2." SIGNOR-146833 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT Fatty_Acid_Biosynthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH190 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9356448 f miannu "Our model of the native fatty acid synthase (FAS) depicts it as a dimer of two identical multifunctional proteins (Mr approximately 272,000) arranged in an antiparallel configuration so that the active Cys-SH of the beta-ketoacyl synthase of one subunit (where the acyl group is attached) is juxtaposed within 2 A of the pantetheinyl-SH of the second subunit (where the malonyl group is bound). This arrangement generates two active centers for fatty acid synthesis and predicts that if we have two appropriate halves of the monomer, we should be able to reconstitute an active fatty acid-synthesizing site" SIGNOR-270536 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr14 VEKIGEGtYGVVYKA 9606 10454565 t "The phosphatase activity of Cdc25A is necessary for Cdk2 activation, most likely due to dephosphorylation on Tyr-15 and Thr-14 of Cdk2." SIGNOR-248481 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004850 14594802 f miannu "We find that LEF-1 and CBFalpha co-activate ELA2 expression." SIGNOR-254550 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGB7 protein Q9Y5F8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265711 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SPHK2 protein Q9NRA0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr614 AFRLEPLtPRGVLTV 9606 BTO:0000150 17311928 t llicata "Sphingosine kinase type 2 activation by erk-mediated phosphorylation. site-directed mutagenesis indicated that hsphk2 is phosphorylated on ser-351 and thr-578 by erk1" SIGNOR-153391 RPL18A protein Q02543 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262480 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr771 IGTAEPDyGALYEGR -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249381 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC20P protein Q6DN03 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265382 HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256848 COL21A1 protein Q96P44 UNIPROT DDR1 protein Q08345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001282 17318226 t lperfetto "The Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs) constitute a unique set of receptor tyrosine kinases that signal in response to collagen.|Consistent with this view128, we showed that ectopic expression of DDR1b or DDR2 in HT1080 cells elicited a potent growth inhibitory effect only when the cells were cultured on 2D or 3D COL1 matrices, in agreement with previous studies in melanoma48, breast cancer76,78, and lung cancer cells74,75. " SIGNOR-272341 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT NDC80 protein O14777 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sVSSGGAG 9606 20471944 t lperfetto "To determine whether the combinatorial regulation of the kmn network by aurora b observed in vitro is critical to controlling kinetochore-microtubule attachments in vivo, we next investigated the effect of the phosphomimetic (to aspartate) and nonphosphorylatable (to alanine) mutants of dsn1, knl1, and ndc80 in vertebrate cells. We predicted that both types of mutations in critical phosphorylation sites would affect chromosome segregation, since preventing the inactivation of inappropriately attached kinetochores by aurora b (in the nonphosphorylatable mutant) or constitutively inactivating this attachment (in the phosphomimetic mutant)." SIGNOR-165562 SF3A3 protein Q12874 UNIPROT SF3a complex SIGNOR-C345 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 8349644 t miannu "Components required for the splicing of nuclear messenger RNA precursors in vitro have been isolated from HeLa cells. Here we describe the separation of splicing factor SF3 into two components, SF3a and SF3b. SF3a has been purified to homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and glycerol gradient sedimentation. It consists of a complex of three polypeptides of 60, 66, and 120 kDa." SIGNOR-263949 imiquimod chemical CHEBI:36704 ChEBI TLR8 protein Q9NR97 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15661881 t miannu "Imiquimod and resiquimod can tentatively be defined as human TLR7 or TLR7/8 agonists, respectively." SIGNOR-259245 gefitinib chemical CHEBI:49668 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000551 15329413 t gcesareni "Egfr is a tk of the erbb family that is the presumptive target of the tk inhibitor (tki) gefitinib." SIGNOR-126976 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NOX5 protein Q96PH1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser544 RSVTMRKsQRSSKGS 9606 24505490 t llicata "A constitutively active form of pkc? Robustly increased basal and pma-stimulated nox5 activity and promoted the phosphorylation of nox5 on ser490, thr494, and ser498." SIGNOR-204550 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18641330 t Giorgia "In these studies, we also found that SLP-2 interacted with Lck, ZAP70, LAT, and PLC-gamma1 during the 30-min period following stimulation in vitro|The SLP-2-associated pool of these molecules became phosphorylated/activated in a sequential manner, a profile compatible with their temporal involvement in early TCR signalling." SIGNOR-260377 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser272 CSLERQLsLEQEVQQ -1 11844797 t miannu "Arachidonic acid promotes phosphorylation of 5-lipoxygenase at Ser-271 by MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2). when stimulated with only exogenous arachidonic acid, activity for the S271A mutant was significantly lower as compared with wild type 5-LO." SIGNOR-250143 F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg212 NASKPQGrIVGGKVC 9606 BTO:0000131 12524220 t lperfetto "The factor VII zymogen is cleaved at arginine 152 by a variety of proteases, including thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, and factor VIIa–tissue factor to produce the serine protease factor VIIa." SIGNOR-263522 NAT10 protein Q9H0A0 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 26882543 t miannu "NAT10 acetylates p53 at K120 and stabilizes p53 by counteracting Mdm2 action. In addition, NAT10 promotes Mdm2 degradation with its intrinsic E3 ligase activity. " SIGNOR-272405 CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 17287729 f lperfetto "CD38 is critical for social behaviour by regulating oxytocin secretion|Consistently, the plasma level of oxytocin (OT), but not vasopressin, was strongly decreased in CD38-/- mice. Replacement of OT by subcutaneous injection or lentiviral-vector-mediated delivery of human CD38 in the hypothalamus rescued social memory and maternal care in CD38-/- mice." SIGNOR-268544 TNPO1 protein Q92973 UNIPROT FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization -1 23056579 t lperfetto "The C-terminal nuclear localization sequence of FUsed in Sarcoma (FUS-NLS) is critical for its nuclear import mediated by transportin (Trn1)." SIGNOR-262101 IFNA1 protein P01562 UNIPROT IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278538 t gcesareni "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-104641 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr931 VCDSGVEtSFRKLSF 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C13 10469655 t lperfetto "All residues of p105 phosphorylated by ikka are c-terminal; the major phosphorylation region contains three serines (ser923; ser927;ser932) and two threonines (thr927 and thr391)." SIGNOR-70461 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser344 CGRPDPSsFSRAREA 9606 BTO:0000007 11085981 t lperfetto "In the current study, we identified a PKC-mediated phosphorylation site in the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) and demonstrated that activation of PKC by stimulation of other types of GPCR or increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration in HEK 293 cells induces heterologous phosphorylation of DOR. Our results further established that DOR phosphorylation at Ser-344 by PKC results in internalization of DOR in HEK 293 cells through a beta-arrestin- and clathrin-mediated mechanism." SIGNOR-249064 SLC2A2 protein P11168 UNIPROT glucose chemical CHEBI:17234 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 25421524 t "The glucose transporter isoform GLUT2 is expressed in liver, intestine, kidney and pancreatic islet beta cells, as well as in the central nervous system, in neurons, astrocytes and tanycytes. Physiological studies of genetically modified mice have revealed a role for GLUT2 in several regulatory mechanisms. In pancreatic beta cells, GLUT2 is required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion." SIGNOR-267386 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser294 QLSKWPGsPTSRSSD 9606 19282669 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-252961 LNX2 protein Q8N448 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 26451611 t miannu "Polyubiquitination of Human Numb by LNX2. The Zn-RING-Zn domain of LNX2 is a dimer and assumes a rigid elongated structure that undergoes autoubiquitination and undergoes N-terminal polyubiquitination. LNX2 can bind numb and induce its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-272423 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser96 TSLSDEDsGKGSQPP 9606 15448698 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-129422 MED1 protein Q15648 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266667 BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257237 ADCY8 protein P40145 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265002 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258075 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT HOXD11 protein P31277 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8890171 t 2 miannu "We show that HMG1 interacts with proteins encoded by the HOX gene family by establishing protein-protein contacts between the HMG box domains and the HOX homeodomain. HMG1 enhances, in a dose-dependent fashion, the sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro, and the transcriptional activation in a co-transfection assay in vivo, of the HOXD9 protein." SIGNOR-240559 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT POSTN protein Q15063 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21839814 f miannu "In this study we demonstrate that the ability of the human POSTN promoter to drive transcription mostly depends on the activity of YingYang-1 (YY1) zinc finger transcription factor. YY1, whose regulatory role in biology includes, besides transcriptional control, also chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair and tumorigenesis, acts as a strong negative modulator of the POSTN expression." SIGNOR-255621 Erlin complex SIGNOR-C532 SIGNOR ITPR2 protein Q14571 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10119 BTO:0003293 19240031 t miannu "Here we report that the ER membrane protein SPFH1 and its homolog SPFH2 form a heteromeric approximately 2 MDa complex that binds to IP(3)R tetramers immediately after their activation and is required for their processing. The complex is ring-shaped (diameter approximately 250A(),) and RNA interference-mediated depletion of SPFH1 and SPFH2 blocks IP(3)R polyubiquitination and degradation. " SIGNOR-271916 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser407 PIQLQALsLPLVVIV 9606 22000020 t gcesareni "We now show that stat6 is required for innate immune signaling in response to virus infection. Viruses or cytoplasmic nucleic acids trigger sting (also named mita/eris) to recruit stat6 to the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to stat6 phosphorylation on ser(407) by tbk1 and tyr(641), independent of jaks. Phosphorylated stat6 then dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus to induce specific target genes responsible for immune cell homing." SIGNOR-176771 BTC protein P35070 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 9528863 t gcesareni "Betacellulin is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events;ten growth factors and their erbb specificities are depicted: egf, amphiregulin((ar), and tgfalfa bind erbb-1, betacellulin, heparin binding egf-like growth factor, and epiregulin bing both erbb-1 and erbb-4." SIGNOR-56365 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr100 LRARDIItAWHPPAP 9606 BTO:0000007 11976320 t gcesareni "CaMKKc and Akt overexpression increases IRAK1 phosphorylation at Thr100, and point mutation of this site abrogates the inhibitory effect of Akt on IRAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation." SIGNOR-252551 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser437 SGIVTNGsFSSSNAE 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249305 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TSHB protein P01222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14623893 t miannu "TGF-β inhibits thyroid-stimulated hormone (TSH)-induced NIS mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. This effect takes place at the transcriptional level, as TGF-β inhibits TSH-induced transcription" SIGNOR-251991 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser637 VPVARKLsAREQRDC -1 31063459 t lperfetto "For example, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of Drp1S600 has been reported to decrease Drp1 GTPase activity in vitro (23, 24), whereas phosphorylation of the same conserved serine residue by Ca2+-calmodulin–dependent protein kinase Iα (CaMKIα) in Drp1 isoform 3 has been reported to cause a significant increase in mitochondrial fission" SIGNOR-262551 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 EKEAARRsRRIDRHL 9606 BTO:0000671 9166747 t gcesareni "Functional role of amino-terminal serine16 and serine27 of g alphaz in receptor and effector coupling." SIGNOR-48677 MMP12 protein P39900 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Phe540 FSPMLGEfVSETESR -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system. |Fibrinogen was subjected to MMP-cleavage, and the resulting fragments were isolated. The amino acid sequences were determined by automated Edman degradation.|MMP-12 20ADSGEGD a-chain| 540FVSETESRG a-chain|433LVTSKGDK a-chain" SIGNOR-263623 Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16036565 f miannu "Nup98/Nup96 (41) and Rae1 (17)are up regulated by interferons, which revert the mRNAexport block induced by VSV M protein" SIGNOR-260870 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 12000790 t gcesareni "Complex of axin and casein kinase i (cki) induces beta-catenin phosphorylation at a single site: serine 45 (s45)." SIGNOR-87401 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates -1 14663477 f Luana "Multiple studies supporting the role of Akt in apoptosis suppression have connected Akt to cell death regulation either by demonstrating its downregulation following pro-apoptotic insults, or by using gene-transfer experiments that transduce both activated, anti-apoptotic and inactive, pro-apoptotic mutants of Akt." SIGNOR-260215 mesulergine chemical CHEBI:73378 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258686 midostaurin chemical CHEBI:63452 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258248 PFDN6 protein O15212 UNIPROT "URI1 prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C514 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484151 t miannu "In humans, the R2TP complex consists of orthologous proteins named RUVBL1, RUVBL2, RPAP3, and PIH1D1  and the PFDL module is composed of two α (UXT and URI1) and four β subunits (PFDN2, PFDN6, PDRG1, and one of them likely duplicated) as well as two additional members, the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2E/RPB5, and WDR95" SIGNOR-270918 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PPIF protein P30405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser191 IESFGSKsGRTSKKI 9606 BTO:0000007 32814770 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclophilin D at serine 191 regulates mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and cell death after ischemia-reperfusion|We conclude that CypD phosphorylation at S191 residue leads to its binding to OSCP and thus sensitizes mPTP opening for the subsequent cell death.|Under baseline condition (WT group), the phosphorylation of CypD by a kinase (e.g. GSK3beta) at S191 induces its translocation to the OSCP, to favor mPTP opening and subsequent cell death at reperfusion." SIGNOR-264880 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser872 HQRCLAHsLVGTPNY 9606 21808241 t gcesareni "Activation of mst1/2 leads to phosphorylation and activation of their direct substrates, lats1/2." SIGNOR-175821 SNRPC protein P09234 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270679 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser157 EHIERRVsNAGGPPA 9606 12576312 t miannu "Three phosphorylation sites have been identified in VASP: Ser157, Ser239, and Thr278, all of which can be phosphorylated by either PKA or PKG in vitro" SIGNOR-250064 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR Chemorepulsion_of_axon phenotype SIGNOR-PH198 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15363394 f miannu "In this study, we have identified CaMKII and CaN-PP1 as the downstream effectors of localized Ca2+ signals in mediating attractive and repulsive turning responses of growth cones, respectively. Local Ca2+ elevation activates CaMKII and CaN-PP1 for attraction and repulsion, respectively." SIGNOR-268386 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 EKEAARRsRRIDRHL 9606 BTO:0000671 9166747 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of either ser(16) by pak1 or ser(27) by pkc decreased the affinity of galpha(z) for gbetagamma;phosphorylation of both residues by pkc caused no further effect. Pak1 thus regulates galpha(z) function by attenuating the inhibitory effects of both gaps and gbetagamma." SIGNOR-48673 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2366 MEQGHFAsPDQNSML 9606 17623675 t lperfetto "Serine residues (ser-2279, ser-2315, and ser-2366) on the c terminus of p300 were the major signaling targets of egf. Furthermore, the c-terminal serine phosphorylation of p300 stimulated its histone acetyltransferase activity these results also constituted the first report identifying the unique p300 phosphorylation sites induced by erk2 in vivo." SIGNOR-156895 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16885528 t lperfetto "The active form of TGF-beta is a dimer stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and usually further strengthened by an intersubunit disulfide bridge." SIGNOR-148605 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT ADCY3 protein O60266 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1076 NVASRMEsTGVMGNI 9606 BTO:0000007 8798667 t llicata "Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo. | Site-directed mutagenesis of a CaM kinase II consensus site (Ser-1076 to Ala-1076) in III-AC greatly reduced Ca2+-stimulated phosphorylation and inhibition of III-AC in vivo." SIGNOR-250691 CTF1 protein Q16619 UNIPROT LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11834704 t gcesareni "We conclude that gp130/lif receptor and et(a) receptor activation are essential for cardiac fibroblast growth by ct-1" SIGNOR-114758 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser31 QDVLGEEsPLGKPAM 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 12657630 t "IKKbeta phosphorylates human IKKgamma at Ser-31, Ser-43, and Ser-376. IKK≈í‚⧠mediates IKK≈í‚â• phosphorylation under physiologic signaling conditions. IKK≈í‚â• is chronically phosphorylated in cells expressing the HTLV1 Tax oncoprotein, which interfaces directly with the I≈í‚à´B kinase complex.both Tax and TNF induce phosphorylation of human IKK≈í‚â• at Ser-31, Ser-43, and Ser-376." SIGNOR-251285 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SYN3 protein O14994 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10571231 t miannu "Synapsins are exclusively localized to synaptic vesicles, which they coat as peripheral membrane proteins; they probably constitute one of the most abundant neuronal PKA substrates. Our study reveals an unexpectedly dynamic state of synapsins in nerve terminals: any changes in PKA or CaM Kinase I activity will modulate the amount of synapsin on synaptic vesicles. PKA Activation Triggers Synapsin Dissociation" SIGNOR-264110 EBNA1 protein P03211 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001007;BTO:0006136 17486072 f scontino "EBNA1 enhances the expression and activity of STAT1. EBNA1 also induced STAT1 expression, with associated enhancement of IFNγ-induced activation. The ability of EBNA1 to enhance IFNγ-induced STAT1 signaling was observed at the protein level by enhanced nuclear translocation of STAT1 (Figure 3b) and at the transcriptional level." SIGNOR-267614 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257378 RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 28430577 t lperfetto "Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved complex composed of four core proteins (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and either STAG2 or STAG1) that form a ring-shaped structure able to encircle chromatin" SIGNOR-263311 POU4F2 protein Q12837 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 9448000 t 2 miannu "the POU domain of Brn-3a and Brn-3b was shown to interact with the DNA-binding domain of the ER. Brn-3-ER interactions also affect transcriptional activity of an ERE-containing promoter, such that in estradiol-stimulated cells, Brn-3b strongly activated the promoter via the ERE, while Brn-3a had a mild inhibitory effect." SIGNOR-241208 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003323 12485996 t lperfetto "The major genetic evidence supporting ubiquitin ligase function for BRCA1 in vivo comes from studies on the FANCD2 protein. Whereas in wild‐type cells the FANCD2 protein co‐localizes with BRCA1 in nuclear foci and becomes monoubiquitylated in response to DNA damage, HCC1937 cells, which encode a mutated form of BRCA1, are largely defective for both monoubiquitylation of FANCD2 and foci formation" SIGNOR-263237 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25277175 f miannu "Increased expression of ERG or other ETS factors under control of androgen responsive promoter (TMPRSS2) is an inevitable consequence of the fusion events, and it activates transcriptional program that contributes to oncogenesis by upregulating expression of, among others, MYC, EZH2 and SOX9 and repressing NKX3." SIGNOR-251556 IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10918594 f gcesareni "Early events in type i ifn signaling are tyrosine phosphorylation of the type i ifn receptor subunits (ifnar1 and ifnar2), and the activation of the receptor-associated tyk-2 and jak-1 janus kinases." SIGNOR-80103 2-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamide chemical CHEBI:91331 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191103 6 protein P59634 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 17108024 f miannu "ORF 6 protein inhibits the translocation of STAT1.SARS-CoV ORF 6 protein, but not ORF 3b or N protein, was able to inhibit the translocation of STAT1-GFP to the nucleus. A higher magnification of the image of ORF 6 protein in cells transfected with STAT1-GFP and treated with IFN-β shows that ORF 6 protein does not colocalize with STAT1, indicating that ORF 6 does not directly interact with STAT1" SIGNOR-260341 MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257058 IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26178471 t lperfetto "Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (Œ±-KG)" SIGNOR-261827 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM43B protein A6NCK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271266 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT DGKG protein P49619 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002810 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253803 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT FAF1 protein Q9UNN5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser289 ITDVHMVsDSDGDDF 9534 12832043 t llicata "We previously identified the Fas-associated factor FAF1 as an in vitro substrate of protein kinase CK2 and determined Ser289 and Ser291 as phosphorylation sites.|Therefore we assume that CK2‐mediated FAF1 phosphorylation influences the nuclear localization of FAF1 | it implies that the major function of FAF1 might not be in the cytoplasm as an interacting partner of Fas." SIGNOR-250863 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 BTO:0000887 10066785 f lperfetto "Notch signaling up-regulated hes1 mrna expression within 1 h and subsequently reduced expression of myod mrna." SIGNOR-235596 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t miannu "Electrons flow from the C-terminal reductase domain of one NOS monomer to the N-terminal oxygenase domain of the other NOS monomer (Siddhanta et al., 1998). The primary mode of enzyme activation is the binding of calcium-bound calmodulin to the N-terminal CaM-binding domain. This facilitates a structure change and the flow of electrons from NADPH through the flavins to the oxygenase domain of the other eNOS monomer" SIGNOR-266323 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 17891139 t miannu "We identify the major poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated sites of p53 by PARP-1 and find that PARP-1-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation blocks the interaction between p53 and the nuclear export receptor Crm1, resulting in nuclear accumulation of p53. These findings molecularly link PARP-1 and p53 in the DNA-damage response, providing the mechanism for how p53 accumulates in the nucleus in response to DNA damage.|PARP-1 is super-activated by binding to damaged DNA, and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates p53. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation probably induces a structural change that mask the NES, and thus Crm1 can no longer target p53 to the nuclear export machinery, resulting in accumulation of p53 in the nucleus." SIGNOR-261321 GAD2 protein Q05329 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32041144 t miannu "Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a unique pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which exhibits several well-known physiological functions." SIGNOR-267554 chloroquine chemical CHEBI:3638 ChEBI IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 9606 32283152 f miannu "Chloroquine inhibits the production and release of TNF and IL-6, which indicates that chloroquine may suppress the cytokine storm in patients infected with COVID-19." SIGNOR-260854 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT FST protein P19883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252188 COL4A6 protein Q14031 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253246 ARNTL2 protein Q8WYA1 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL2 complex SIGNOR-C196 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 19605937 t lperfetto "Like BMAL1, its paralog BMAL2 dimerizes with CLOCK to activate the E-box-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-253710 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr236 NIACVILtFKEPFGT 9606 BTO:0001260 20649491 t lperfetto "A pkc activator, significantly increased g6pd phosphorylation and activity, whereas single (s210a, t266a) and double (s210a/t266a) mutations at sites flanking the g6pd active site significantly inhibited phosphorylation, shifted the isoelectric point, and reduced enzyme activity." SIGNOR-167053 L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32041144 t miannu "Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a unique pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which exhibits several well-known physiological functions." SIGNOR-267553 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0003292 28045112 t lperfetto "Brd3 interacts with both IRF3 and p300, increases p300-mediated acetylation of IRF3, and enhances the association of IRF3 with p300 upon virus infection.|Brd3 enhances p300-mediated acetylation of IRF3|Importantly, Brd3 promotes the recruitment of IRF3/p300 complex to the promoter of Ifnb1, and increases the acetylation of histone3/histone4 within the Ifnb1 promoter, leading to the enhancement of type I interferon production." SIGNOR-262045 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253998 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT ROR1 protein Q01973 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001546 26690702 t gcesareni "Wnt5a induces ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization to enhance leukemia chemotaxis and proliferation|Evolutionarily conserved receptor tyrosine kinase–like orphan receptor-1 and -2 (ROR1/2) are considered distinct receptors for Wnt5a and are implicated in noncanonical Wnt signaling in organogenesis and cancer metastasis." SIGNOR-173331 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser43 FGYQRRAsDDGKLTD 9534 BTO:0004055 12801936 t miannu "Protein kinase A blocks Raf-1 activity by stimulating 14-3-3 binding and blocking Raf-1 interaction with Ras. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) blocks Raf-1 activation by stimulating its phosphorylation on serine 43 (Ser43), serine 233 (Ser233), and serine 259 (Ser259)." SIGNOR-250039 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr261 LVDSIAKtRDAGCRP 9606 10727406 t gcesareni "These data suggest that mlk-3 phosphorylates sek1 directly and that it does so specifically on those residues known to activate sek1 in vivo." SIGNOR-75836 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr174 EAEGDEIyEDLMRSE -1 10669745 t "Lck recognizes preferentially the tyrosine residue of Vav located at position 174 and, with significantly less affinity, those present at positions 142 and 160. It is now clear that this posttranslational modification will be involved in the activation of Vav, in the regulation of the strength of the signals emanating from this molecule, and also in the negative regulation of its function." SIGNOR-251391 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser416 SVDDLANsGQVGTAR 9606 9155023 t lperfetto "Tbetarii kinase is regulated intricately by autophosphorylation on at least three serine residues. Phosphorylation of ser416 inhibits receptor function." SIGNOR-48412 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT NHLH2 protein Q02577 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys49 EEAEGDGkGGSRAAL 10090 BTO:0000142 22169038 t miannu "SIRT1 deacetylates the brain-specific helix-loop-helix transcription factor NHLH2 on lysine 49 to increase its activation of the MAO-A promoter" SIGNOR-254830 NHS protein Q6T4R5 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20332100 f miannu "We demonstrate that NHS is essential for maintaining cell morphology through the regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics and suggest that an important mechanism of remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton during development would therefore be lost in patients with NHS." SIGNOR-253565 DFFB protein O76075 UNIPROT DNA_fragmentation phenotype SIGNOR-PH22 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000661 9422513 f "Cleavage of ICAD/DFF-45" amattioni "The specific cleavage of icad/dff-45 by caspase-3 relieves the inhibition and promotes the endonuclease activity of cad, resulting in apoptotic dna fragmentation" SIGNOR-54358 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "MIT and DIT, which are deiodinated by iodotyrosine dehalogenase (DEHAL1) that seems to be present in the apical plasma membrane. MIT and DIT are liberated, and the deiodination of these molecules by DEHAL1 is important for providing a sustained source of intrathyroidal iodide." SIGNOR-268093 DOK4 protein Q8TEW6 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000671 12730241 t gcesareni "Insulin receptor-phosphorylated irs5/dok4 associates with rasgap, crk, src, and fyn, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85, grb2, shp-2, nck, or phospholipase cgamma src homology 2 domains, and activates mapk in cells." SIGNOR-100996 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GRIP1 protein Q9Y3R0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser734 SLKGKPLsEAIHLLQ -1 11301320 t miannu "Here we show that epidermal growth factor regulates the activities of the p160 GRIP1 through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) family of mitogen-activated protein kinases. ERKs phosphorylate GRIP1 at a specific site, Ser-736, the integrity of which is required for full growth factor induction of GRIP1 transcriptional activation and coactivator function." SIGNOR-263056 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT unknown binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222;BTO:0002181 SIGNOR-C21 22337877 t lperfetto "Cdo and jlp interacted with ask1 or tak1 in 293t cells and c2c12 myoblasts" SIGNOR-235551 GUCY1A1 protein Q02108 UNIPROT GUCY1A3-B3 complex SIGNOR-C140 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "This enzyme is a heterodimeric protein consisting of - and ²-subunits, and expression of both subunits is required for catalytic activity" SIGNOR-243983 IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT IL17RA protein Q96F46 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 9367539 t gcesareni "Binding studies suggest that recombinant hil-17 binds to the hil-17r with low affinity. Monoclonal antibodies (mabs) generated against the hil-17r were able to block the il-17-induced production of cytokine from human foreskin fibroblast (hff) cells." SIGNOR-53249 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PCGF5 protein Q86SE9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271184 CERF complex SIGNOR-C340 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 15640247 f miannu "CERF is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler. CERF comprises CECR2 and the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SNF2L, a mammalian ISWI ortholog expressed predominantly in the central nervous system. CERF is capable of remodeling chromatin in vitro and displays an ATP hydrolyzing activity that is stimulated by nucleosomes." SIGNOR-263892 BACH1 protein O14867 UNIPROT HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14747657 t "These results indicate that ho-1 regulation involves a competition between the activator Nrf2 and the Bach1 repressor for interactions with the small Maf proteins." SIGNOR-259336 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser142 AGNSAPNsPMAMLHI 9606 BTO:0000007 26000950 t "Lysosomal Ca2+ release via mucolipin 1 (MCOLN1) activates calcineurin, which binds and de-phosphorylates TFEB, thus promoting its nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-255307 PPP2R1A protein P30153 UNIPROT SGO1 protein Q5FBB7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16580887 t miannu "Identification of subunits of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) as sgo1 binding proteins / pp2a is required for proper chromosome segregation and centromeric localization of sgo1 in hela cells" SIGNOR-145486 IRX3 protein P78415 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003324 21825130 t Luana "Irx3 directly represses Cx43 transcription " SIGNOR-266044 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 10195903 t "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-248694 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 20395206 t gcesareni "With epidermal growth factor treatment, overexpression of erk8 in jb6 cl41 cells caused an increased phosphorylation of c-jun at ser(63) and ser(73), resulting in increased activator protein-1 transactivation." SIGNOR-164804 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser434 SFEPKIRsPRRFIGS 9606 BTO:0000150 19085255 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase." SIGNOR-182804 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT CRY2 protein Q49AN0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253627 "Niflumic acid" chemical CHEBI:34888 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258062 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT RALGAPA2 protein Q2PPJ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser696 TTVGRSFsLSWRSHP 10090 SIGNOR-C469 21148297 t miannu "RGC2 is an endogenous substrate for Akt2 downstream of PI 3-kinase" SIGNOR-269798 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr146 KEVHKSGyLSSERLI -1 12560083 t "Lck phosphorylated ezrin in vitro, and the major phosphotyrosine was identified as Y145. Whether tyrosine phosphorylation of ezrin is an alternative mechanism to regulate dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton, as has been suggested in EGF-, PDGF- or HGF-treated epithelial cells, is still unclear. Alternatively, Lck-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of ezrin may be linked to its other functions, including participation in signaling pathways that control proliferation and apoptosis" SIGNOR-251374 TRHR protein P34981 UNIPROT GNA11 protein P29992 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001379 27515033 t scontino "Binding of TRH to TRH-R1 receptor, which is coupled to Gq/11 protein, activates phospholipase C, mobilizes calcium and activates protein kinase C." SIGNOR-267201 M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 32454942 f miannu "Macrophages and microglia show a high plasticity and have been arbitrarily classified into “M1” (proinflammatory) and “M2” (prorepair, anti-inflammatory) phenotypes depending on their activation state, although it is now widely accepted that this classification is hugely oversimplified, particularly for microglia, and only partially reflects the real situation. M2 polarized cells express a variety of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and contribute to immunoregulation" SIGNOR-263823 SIK1 protein P57059 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser348 PSLQSSLsNPNLQAS 9606 BTO:0000567 16306228 t lperfetto "We found that QSK and SIK phosphorylated TORC2 at Ser171 as well as at least two additional residues, namely Ser70 and Ser348|QIK also phosphorylates the CREB co-activator TORC2, in unstimulated cells, to sequester it in the cell cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting CREB-dependent gene-expression" SIGNOR-249168 IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 21240265 f "The role of IRF5 in inhibiting the transcription of the gene encoding IL-10 that we have identified here is important given its well- documented immunosuppressive activity." SIGNOR-254514 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNN2 protein Q9H2S1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser464 QAIHQLRsVKMEQRK 9606 16513649 t llicata "Mutagenesis and mass spectrometry studies identified four pka phosphorylation sites: ser465 (minor site) and three amino acid residues ser568, ser569, and ser570 (major sites) within the carboxyl-terminal region. pka activation decreased sk2 surface localization" SIGNOR-145028 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 19386264 t lperfetto "Activation of ezrin is mediated by initial pip2 binding and subsequent phosphorylation of threonine 567. We performed an in vitro kinase assay with 80 selected kinases on an ezrin peptide containing the t567 phosphorylation site (figure 3a). In this screen, we identified the mst and rock kinases as the most potent kinases for the ezrin peptide" SIGNOR-185567 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1871 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269337 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT DCUN1D1 protein Q96GG9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" monoubiquitination Lys149 PKMEQELkEPGRFKD 9606 BTO:0000007 21813641 t miannu "Here we revealed a previously unknown mechanism that regulates hDCNL1. In cultured mammalian cells ectopically expressed hDCNL1 was mono-ubiquitinated predominantly at K143, K149, and K171. Using a classical chromatographic purification strategy, we identified Nedd4-1 as an E3 ligase that can catalyze mono-ubiquitination of hDCNL1 in a reconstituted ubiquitination system.Taken together, these results suggest a mono-ubiquitination-mediated mechanism that governs nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of hDCNL1," SIGNOR-272718 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR CDK18 protein Q07002 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser14 KNFKRRFsLSVPRTE 28361970 t lperfetto "We previously revealed that PCTK3 is activated by two pathways: interaction with cytoplasmic cyclin A and phosphorylation at Ser-12 by protein kinase A (PKA)12. Activated PCTK3 phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in vitro. " SIGNOR-264559 UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257426 ZNF322 protein Q6U7Q0 UNIPROT NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24550733 t lperfetto "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that Zfp322a binds to Pou5f1 and Nanog promoters and regulates their transcription." SIGNOR-264899 DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30745320 f miannu "The DSCAM/L1 transcriptome data sets also contained a significant number of genes known to regulate synapse formation or function.Increased nuclear DSCAM levels inhibit synapse formation" SIGNOR-264321 RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT BICD2 protein Q8TD16 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 20386726 t irozzo "We show that the dynein/dynactin adaptor BICD2 is specifically recruited to the NPC in G2phase through a direct interaction with the NPC componentRanBP2." SIGNOR-259122 pindolol chemical CHEBI:8214 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258884 GRK4 protein P32298 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser373 SMGTLRTsISVERQI 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Expression of GRK4α drastically increased the basal level of32P incorporation into B2R. GRK4α elevated the basal phosphorylation of Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348. phosphorylation of specific residues was correlated with the initiation of receptor internalization and the regulation of its desensitization." SIGNOR-251193 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 BTO:0001109 36882522 t lperfetto "CDK13 directly phosphorylates 4E-BP1 at Thr46 and eIF4B at Ser422; genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting CDK13 disrupts mRNA translation." SIGNOR-273114 VX-765 chemical CID:53245642 PUBCHEM CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207770 RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20704570 t lperfetto "Importantly, PPM1A facilitates the interaction of dephosphorylated Smad2/3 with RanBP3, a nuclear export factor [75]. As a result, PPM1A-mediated dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 promotes nuclear export of Smad2/3 and shuts off TGF-_-induced anti-proliferative and transcriptional responses" SIGNOR-232107 "prostaglandin F2alpha" smallmolecule CHEBI:15553 ChEBI Myoblast_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH98 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20219869 f apalma "Prostaglandins are able to affect muscle cell proliferation (142), differentiation (96) and fusion (141), and can also modulate muscle fiber growth and the synthesis and degradation of proteins in muscle" SIGNOR-256213 CLCC1 protein Q96S66 UNIPROT PIGBOS1 protein A0A0B4J2F0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31653868 t Simone "The PIGBOS microprotein interacts with the ER protein CLCC1. PIGBOS localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane where itinteracts with the ER protein CLCC1 at ER–mitochondria contact sites. PIGBOS-CLCC1 interaction is necessary for PIGBOS function" SIGNOR-261040 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7935391 t fspada "A pathway leading to activation of the gtp-binding protein ras involves the adaptor molecule grb2. Here we show that tyr-716, a novel autophosphorylation site in the pdgf beta-receptor kinase insert, mediates direct binding of grb2 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-34765 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser264 EQQLFYIsQPGSSVV 9606 10608806 t lperfetto "In this report, we showed that atm phosphorylates a p95 peptide (ser-343) and a mre11 peptide (ser-264) in vitro, suggesting that atm may regulate the function of p95?Mre11? Rad50 repair complex in response to dna damage." SIGNOR-73366 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30283340 f miannu "MYCT1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclins D and E. Moreover, MYCT1 overexpression triggered apoptosis in AML cells, which was accompanied by enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and downregulated Bcl-2." SIGNOR-261731 TNIK protein Q9UKE5 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser177 QALKDARsPSPAHIV 9606 BTO:0000586 20530691 t llicata "Here, we report that tnik is an activating kinase for tcf4 and essential for colorectal cancer growth. Tnik, but not its catalytically inactive mutant, phosphorylated the conserved serine 154 residue of tcf4." SIGNOR-165946 ziprasidone chemical CHEBI:10119 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258502 STK16 protein O75716 UNIPROT STK16 protein O75716 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr198 AQRCTISyRAPELFS -1 18184589 t Manara "Indeed, our kinetic analysis of MPSK1 autophosphorylation showed that autophosphorylation is a slow process and that two of the three identified sites are largely buried in unphosphorylated MPSK1. However, two autophosphorylation sites are located in the P + 1 loop and phosphorylation at these locations might affect substrate recognition." SIGNOR-260805 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser723 VITIDPAsPQSPESV 9606 11604491 t llicata "Trophic factor withdrawal: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activates nhe1, which induces intracellular alkalinization. activated p38 mapk directly phosphorylated the c terminus of nhe1 within a 40-amino-acid region. Analysis by mass spectroscopy identified four phosphorylation sites on nhe1, thr 717, ser 722, ser 725, and ser 728." SIGNOR-111039 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1063 FGLARDIyKDPDYVR 9606 20431062 t lperfetto "Vegfr-3 is a direct c-src target and mass spectrometry analysis identified the sites phosphorylated by c-src as tyrosine 830, 833, 853, 1063, 1333, and 1337 vegfr-3 phosphorylation activates the recruitment to the receptor of the adaptor proteins crki/ii and shc inducing activation of jnk." SIGNOR-165035 SETD1B protein Q9UPS6 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 32546566 t miannu "SETD1B encodes a lysine-specific methyltransferase that assists in transcriptional activation of genes by depositing H3K4 methyl marks." SIGNOR-265576 IL23R protein Q5VWK5 UNIPROT STAT4 protein Q14765 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 12023369 f gcesareni "Il-23 activates the same jak-stat signaling molecules as il-12: jak2, tyk2, and stat1, -3, -4, and -5, but stat4 activation is substantially weaker and different dna-binding stat complexes form in response to il-23 compared with il-12." SIGNOR-87838 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273146 GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser343 TVSKTETsQVAPA -1 8617805 t "That light-dependent phosphorylation of Rho is mediated primarily by RK. Addition of an inhibitory antibody against rhodopsin kinase (RK) lowered phosphorylation at Ser334, Ser338, and Ser343, without changing the ratio between phosphorylation sites. upon illumination, Ser334c, Ser338, and Ser343 are phosphorylated." SIGNOR-251191 MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT SLC2A2 protein P11168 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17149590 f miannu "the expression of important beta cell genes, e.g. those encoding solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (formerly known as GLUT2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1), NK6 transcription factor-related, locus 1 (NKX6-1), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PCSK1) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), was regulated positively by MAFA and negatively by DN-MAFA." SIGNOR-254565 "SB 415286" chemical CHEBI:91107 ChEBI GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206751 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20978344 f "inferred from family member" "Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) was identified as a key molecule inducing D2 expression and thereby increasing intracellular T3 production. Accordingly, FoxO3-depleted primary myoblasts also had a differentiation deficit that could be rescued by high levels of T3." SIGNOR-270245 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257007 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR EID1 protein Q9Y6B2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26085330 t miannu "SCFFBXO21 ubiquitylates and thereby targets EID1 for degradation.We have now applied this approach to an uncharacterized human F-box protein, FBXO21, which serves as the substrate-recognition subunit of a SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein (SCF)-type E3, thereby identifying EID1 (EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1) as a candidate substrate.Over-expression of FBXO21 resulted in the down-regulation of EID1, whereas disruption of the FBXO21 gene with the CRISPR/Cas9 system stabilized EID1 and led to its accumulation in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. An in vitro ubiquitylation assay showed that EID1 is a direct substrate of SCF(FBXO)" SIGNOR-272431 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT TBX6 protein O95947 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19561075 t miannu "Smad6 mediates Tbx6 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Tbx6 forms a ternary complex with Smad6 and Smurf1. Here, we report that Tbx6 interacts directly with Smad6, an inhibitory Smad that antagonizes the BMP signal. This interaction is mediated through the Mad homology 2 (MH2) domain of Smad6 and residues 90-180 of Tbx6. We demonstrate that Smad6 facilitates the degradation of Tbx6 protein through recruitment of Smurf1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase." SIGNOR-272784 N-[[3-fluoro-4-[[2-(1-methyl-4-imidazolyl)-7-thieno[3,2-b]pyridinyl]oxy]anilino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-phenylacetamide chemical CHEBI:91393 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194337 "monoisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:132593 ChEBI OXER1 protein Q8TDS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268778 P2RY10 protein O00398 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257005 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr743 VEVDAAVtPEERHLS 9606 24610780 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein at threonine 668 is essential for its copper-responsive trafficking in sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells. is regulated by jnk3 via phosphorylation of app at thr668" SIGNOR-204671 RAB39B protein Q96DA2 UNIPROT PICK1 protein Q9NRD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 25784538 t miannu "GTP-bound RAB39B interacts with PICK1. In line with evidence that PICK1 can dimerize, the structural model suggests that dimerization of PICK1 is a prerequisite for simultaneous recognition of both RAB39B and GluA2 each by one of the PICK1 molecules in the PICK1 dimer (Fig. 6a–c). The existence of such complex is supported by our co-immunoprecipitation experiments shown above." SIGNOR-264045 RAB7A protein P51149 UNIPROT PSMA7 protein O14818 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10036 14998988 t Sara "Rab7 Forms a Complex with the Proteasome -Subunit XAPC. In this study the proteasome alpha-subunit XAPC7 (also known as PSMA7, RC6-1, and HSPC in mammals) was identified to interact specifically with Rab7 and was recruited to multivesicular late endosomes through this interaction." SIGNOR-261303 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp60 GYDELQTdGNRSSHS 9606 BTO:0000093 9727492 t amattioni "Caspase-8 cleaves bid at aspartic acid residue 60 (asp60) cleavage of bid by casp8 releases its potent proapoptotic activity" SIGNOR-256443 "PIK-75 Hydrochloride" chemical CID:45265864 PUBCHEM PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206214 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 11447297 t lperfetto "Xiap promotes the degradation of active-form caspase-3, but not procaspase-3, in living cells. Both the association of XIAP with caspase-3 and the RING finger domain of XIAP were essential for ubiquitination. XIAP promotes the degradation of caspase-3, which enhances its anti-apoptotic effect." SIGNOR-109243 SP2 protein Q02086 UNIPROT PCYT1A protein P49585 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 10744779 t Luana "Sp3 is an activator, and Sp2 a repressor, of the Ctpct promoter in SL2 cells." SIGNOR-266230 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 20404009 t Luana "Lurasidone was found to have potent binding affinity for dopamine D2, 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A), 5-HT7, 5-HT1A, and noradrenaline 2C receptors." SIGNOR-257837 CCT137690 chemical CID:25154041 PUBCHEM AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190898 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001545 17851558 t miannu "Endogenous beta-catenin co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous activated FLT3, and recombinant activated FLT3 directly phosphorylated recombinant beta-catenin. Finally, FLT3 inhibitor decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin in leukemia cells obtained from FLT3-ITD-positive AML patients. These data demonstrate that FLT3 activation induces beta-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear localization, and thus suggest a mechanism for the association of FLT3 activation and beta-catenin oncogeneic signaling in AML." SIGNOR-260124 DIO3 protein P55073 UNIPROT L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12746313 t scontino "Human type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the conversion of T(4) to rT(3) and of T(3) to 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (T2) by inner-ring deiodination. Like types I and II iodothyronine deiodinases, D3 protein contains selenocysteine (SeC) in the highly conserved core catalytic center at amino acid position 144." SIGNOR-266941 BMS-554417 chemical CID:54754526 PUBCHEM INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190458 SPDYA protein Q5MJ70 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 33015044 t lperfetto "Speedy/RINGO A, a noncanonical activator of CDK2, was recently identified as a key regulator for CDK2 recruitment to meiotic telomeres" SIGNOR-263310 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15569307 f "Ang II up-regulated Pax-2 gene expression via AT2R in IRPTC (immortalized rat renal proximal tubular cells)" SIGNOR-252294 PROC protein P04070 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Lys1022 GGKSRLKkSQFLIKT -1 7989361 t lperfetto "The mechanism of inactivation of human factor V and human factor Va by activated protein C|Membrane-bound human factor V (250 nM) is cleaved by APC (2.5 nM) to give M(r) = 200,000, 70,000, 45,000, and 30,000 fragments and an M(r) = 22/20,000 doublet. These fragments are released after four sequential cleavages of the membrane-bound procofactor at Arg306, Arg506, Arg679, and Lys994." SIGNOR-263627 FFAR2 protein O15552 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257075 PNMT protein P11086 UNIPROT adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33568 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 7961964 t brain lperfetto "In the adrenal medulla NA (noradrenaline) is N-methylated by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28) to form A (adrenaline)." SIGNOR-264007 POLR1D protein P0DPB6 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266137 MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 12393902 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that MdmX acts as a ubiquitin ligase in vitro, being capable of autoubiquitination, as well as mediating the ubiquitination of p53. " SIGNOR-271389 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser28 PQPQHTPsPAAPPAA 9606 22878263 t llicata "In the present study, we identify the serine/threonine kinase dyrk2 as siah2 interaction partner that phosphorylates siah2 at five residues (ser16, thr26, ser28, ser68, and thr119). accordingly, phosphorylated siah2 is more active than the wild-type e3 ligase and shows an increased ability to trigger the hif-1?-Mediated transcriptional response and angiogenesis." SIGNOR-198725 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser705 TPSAMKSsPQIPHQT 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3.alanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.we found that the phosphatases cdc14a and cdc14b (cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to erk3 and reverse its c-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis." SIGNOR-164479 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1490 AILNPPPsPATERSH 10090 BTO:0002572 16341017 t gcesareni "Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3), which is known for its inhibitory role in wnt through the promotion of beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation, mediates the phosphorylation and activation of lrp6. We show that wnt induces sequential phosphorylation of lrp6 by gsk3 and casein kinase 1, and this dual phosphorylation promotes the engagement of lrp6 with the scaffolding protein axin." SIGNOR-228014 ORF6 protein Q19QW5 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9534 17596301 f lperfetto "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane." SIGNOR-260271 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser598 SARSRSNsAERLLEA 10090 16141217 t "Serine 588 of APS is a newly identified target for protein kinase B in intact cells and in vitro. The precise function of this PKB-mediated phosphorylation event is not entirely clear but may be responsible for regulating cellular localization and will be the subject of future investigation." SIGNOR-252577 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser280 RSPSPQPsSHVAPQD 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248522 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser9 NYLRRRLsDSNFMAN 10116 12237306 t miannu "Recombinant PAK2 could also phosphorylate the Ser9 and Ser551 residues." SIGNOR-250236 BMS-265246 chemical CID:5329775 PUBCHEM CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190431 HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257168 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT FANCA protein O15360 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1449 AAPDADLsQEPHLF 9606 19109555 t lperfetto "The s1449a mutant failed to completely correct a variety of fa-associated phenotypes. The dna damage response is coordinated by phosphorylation events initiated by apical kinases atm (ataxia telangectasia mutated) and atr (atm and rad3-related), and atr is essential for proper fa pathway function. Serine 1449 is in a consensus atm/atr site" SIGNOR-182949 YES1 protein P07947 UNIPROT WBP2 protein Q969T9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr192 MMDGAMGyVQPPPPP 9606 BTO:0000093 21642474 t miannu "Using dominant-negative, constitutively active mutants, RNAi, and pharmacological studies, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of WBP2 at Tyr192 and Tyr231 could be regulated by c-Src and c-Yes kinases.We further showed that abrogating WBP2 phosphorylation impaired >60% of ERα reporter activity, putatively by blocking nuclear entry of WBP2 and its interaction with ERα." SIGNOR-273581 SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 15145941 t miannu "We show here that Fbx7, an F-box protein without WD repeats and leucine-rich repeats, is required for the proteasome-mediated proteolysis of the hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP).Thus, Fbx7 is a functional adaptor of the SCF complex with a proline-rich region as the substrate-binding module. Depletion of Fbx7 by small interfering RNA leads to depression of HURP ubiquitination and accumulation of HURP abundance. In the SCFFbx7 complex, Fbx7 recruits HURP through its C-terminal proline-rich region in a Cdk1-cyclin B-phosphorylation dependent manner." SIGNOR-271508 CHL1 protein O00533 UNIPROT ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266723 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI "L-tyrosine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58315 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "MIT and DIT, which are deiodinated by iodotyrosine dehalogenase (DEHAL1) that seems to be present in the apical plasma membrane. MIT and DIT are liberated, and the deiodination of these molecules by DEHAL1 is important for providing a sustained source of intrathyroidal iodide." SIGNOR-267031 RPGR protein Q92834 UNIPROT RAB8A protein P61006 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 20631154 t miannu "PGR interacts with the small GTPase RAB8A, which participates in cilia biogenesis and maintenance. We show that RPGR primarily associates with the GDP-bound form of RAB8A and stimulates GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange. RPGR functions as a GEF for RAB8A and RPGR–RAB8A association may facilitate ciliary trafficking." SIGNOR-253030 VKORC1 protein Q9BQB6 UNIPROT "vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:28384 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "This series of oxidation-reduction reactions begins with conversion of vitamin K from a stable oxidized form (quinone form) to a hydroquinone form by vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR)" SIGNOR-265904 NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 30455429 t miannu "NR4A3 physically interacted with an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein hence sequestering it from blunting apoptosis." SIGNOR-259399 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PPP1R13L protein Q8WUF5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser84 EPFGSRGsPRKAATD 9606 30105797 t done miannu "Cyclin B/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylates inhibitor of apoptosis stimulating protein of P53 (iASPP) to promote iASPP nucleus localization and its inhibitory effect on p53. " SIGNOR-273585 HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT TRA2B protein P62995 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000586 31311954 t lperfetto "HnRNPA1 interacts with G-quadruplex in the TRA2B promoter and stimulates its transcription in human colon cancer cells." SIGNOR-262280 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 17035229 t "SCP1 Dephosphorylates Smad2/3 in the Linkers|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248792 VARS1 protein P26640 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30755602 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase." SIGNOR-270527 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 8929531 t lperfetto "The rapid phosphorylation of bad following il-3 connects a proximal survival signal with the bcl-2 family, modulating this checkpoint for apoptosis.phosphorylatedBAD is bound to 14-3-3 within the cytosol, while only nonphosphorylated BAD is heterodimerized with membrane-bound BCL-XL." SIGNOR-244497 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT LARP1 protein Q6PKG0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser847 EHRPRTAsISSSPSE 9606 BTO:0002181 28650797 t SARA "LARP1 is a direct substrate of Akt/S6K1 and mTORC1. Akt is a physiologically relevant primary kinase for S770/S979 phosphorylation of LARP1|Importantly, phosphorylation of LARP1 by mTORC1 and Akt/S6K1 dissociates it from 5’UTRs and relieves its inhibitory activity on RP mRNA translation." SIGNOR-260991 ACVR2B protein Q13705 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 21966641 t areggio "It has been suggested that binding of myostatin to the ActRIIB results in the phosphorylation of two serine residues of Smad2 or Smad3 at COOH domains" SIGNOR-254985 MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001321 32814769 t miannu "We identified several E3 ligases as strong candidates responsible for AR and MYC protein loss as HECTD4, MYCBP2, and TRIM49. HECTD4 and MYCBP2 target AR and MYC for degradation while TRIM49 appears to promote AR and MYC stability. We have shown that these E3 ligases in turn are directly regulated by MYC. MYC in turn represses the expression of ubiquitin ligases, HECTD4 and MYCBP2 that promote AR and MYC protein degradation, further suppressing MYC and AR in a feed forward loop." SIGNOR-267147 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr159 DNKLRRYtTFSKRKT 10090 12809504 t llicata "Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), a muscle- and neuron-restricted kinase, enhanced SRF-mediated promoter activity of the skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin genes in C2C12 myoblasts as well as in nonmyogenic cells. | Threonine 159 in the MADS box alphaI coil was a specific phosphorylation target in vitro as well as in vivo of both DMPK and protein kinase C-alpha. " SIGNOR-188177 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PDCD5 protein O14737 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 NRRKVMDsDEDDDY 9606 19616514 t lperfetto "Programmed cell death 5 (pdcd5), a protein involved in cell death and down-regulated in different forms of human tumors. Pdcd5 is phosphorylated in vitro by both ck2alpha subunit and by the ck2 holoenzyme at a residue, s118, which is found phosphorylated in vivo. Transfection of the non-phosphorylatable mutant (s118a) impairs the pdcd5 acceleration of either doxorubimicin- or uv-induced apoptosis in u2os cells" SIGNOR-187106 3b protein P59633 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 21561061 f Luana "An enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and MEK4 was observed in cells expressing 3b ascompared to control cells expressing GFP" SIGNOR-260761 LPAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF2 SIGNOR GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ‚â• -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ‚â• -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ‚â• -1.0." SIGNOR-269967 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT LAX1 protein Q8IWV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr294 AFQCCRDyENVPAAD 9606 BTO:0000007 12359715 t miannu "Upon stimulation via the B or T cell receptors, LAX is rapidly phosphorylated by Src and Syk family tyrosine kinases and interacts with Grb2, Gads, and p85. " SIGNOR-273534 FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 10937998 f fspada "Wnt signaling maintains preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state through inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (ppargamma)" SIGNOR-80601 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257271 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)." SIGNOR-269918 NLGN1 protein Q8N2Q7 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264164 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000785 20551174 f lperfetto "In tissue culture, ectopic expression of Myc suppresses the cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to several anti-mitogenic signals such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), since Myc represses expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) p15ink4b, p21cip1, and p57kip2 via interaction with Miz1" SIGNOR-267575 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1787 SPNYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248815 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT TNFRSF10A protein O00220 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18545270 f gcesareni "The death domain of the rip1 kinase binds to death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1,trailr1." SIGNOR-177952 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT PTCH2 protein Q9Y6C5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001253 9811851 t lperfetto "Biochemical analysis of ptch and ptch2 shows that they both bind to all hedgehog family members with similar affinity and that they can form a complex with smo.Current models suggest that binding of Shh to PTCH prevents the normal inhibition of the seven-transmembrane-protein Smoothened (SMO) by PTCH." SIGNOR-217776 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264927 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 23217713 t miannu "PGC-1 alpha specifically induces IGF1 and represses myostatin, and expression of PGC-1a 4 in vitro and in vivo induces robust skeletal muscle hypertrophy" SIGNOR-256152 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT FH protein P07954 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr236 IKIGRTHtQDAVPLT -1 26237645 t miannu "We show that exposure to ionizing radiation induces DNA-PK-dependent phosphorylation of nuclear fumarase at Thr 236, which leads to an interaction between fumarase and the histone variant H2A.Z at DNA double-strand break (DSB) regions. " SIGNOR-266349 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 10373569 t gcesareni "Here we report that, at the onset of differentiation, activation by MyoD of the Rb, p21, and cyclin D3 genes occurs in the absence of new protein synthesis and with the requirement of the p300 transcriptional coactivator." SIGNOR-238532 FBXO30 protein Q8TB52 UNIPROT Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000887 24076600 f "gene (Fbxo30) that encodes a ubiquitin ligase required for muscle loss, which we named muscle ubiquitin ligase of the SCF complex in atrophy-1 (MUSA1)" SIGNOR-256489 CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT CyclinD3/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C234 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 8114739 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the human PLSTIRE gene product is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk6. The cdk6 kinase is associated with cyclins D1, D2, and D3 in lysates of human cells and is activated by coexpression with D-type cyclins in Sf9 insect cells." SIGNOR-273027 EIF2AK4 protein Q9P2K8 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI 9606 32513922 t gcesareni "Translation initiation factor 2α [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)] kinase phosphorylates serine51 (Ser51) of eIF2α and downregulates cellular protein synthesis." SIGNOR-246157 MRPL39 protein Q9NYK5 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262358 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser397 SMVGGERsPPRILPP 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C17 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-169322 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Phe-tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29153 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269520 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20974802 f gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6. External stimuli, which control the activity of mapks, such as phorbol esters and fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) control the choice of the lrp6-ppps/tp kinase and regulate the amplitude of lrp6 phosphorylation and wnt/beta-catenin-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-168992 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT TCF12 protein Q99081 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22577461 f miannu "E2a positively regulates notch1 expression, which induces the expression of hebalt, bcl11b, and il7r." SIGNOR-197514 LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15574878 t gcesareni "Although jagged1-induced signaling was suppressed by lfng and mfng" SIGNOR-131560 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 16281084 f "After AR antagonist flutamide treatment, three hundred and twenty-six genes (3.93%) expressed differentially, 97 down-regulated and 219 up-regulated. Among them, eight up-regulated genes might be cell cycle-related, namely CDC10, NRAS, BTG1, Wee1, CLK3, DKFZP564A122, CDKN1A and BTG2. The CDKN1A and BTG1 gene mRNA expression was confirmed to be higher in the experimental group by RT-PCR, while p53 mRNA expression had no significant changes." SIGNOR-253676 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr707 DVYSTDYyRVGGHTM 10090 BTO:0000944 10533983 t miannu "TrkB autophosphorylation occurs on five cytoplasmic tyrosines: Y484, Y670, Y674, Y675, and Y785." SIGNOR-250207 NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15496512 f miannu "Coactivator RNF4 is involved in the GCH gene expression. Through serial deletion and mutagenesis studies of the GCH promoter, we defined the RNF4-responsive element on GCH proximal promoter as a CCAAT box. RNF4 did not possess specific DNA binding activity toward this CCAAT box, which suggests that RNF4 may be a coactivator of the CCAAT boxbinding protein nuclear factor Y (NF-Y). RNF4 is a coactivator for nuclear factor Y on GTP cyclohydrolase I proximal promoter." SIGNOR-252232 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT H1-2 protein P16403 UNIPROT down-regulates polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000815 30517763 t miannu "ITCH interacts with and ubiquitinates linker histone H1.2 at K46. ITCH biochemically competes with RNF168 and RNF8 to polyubiquitinate histone H1.2." SIGNOR-272928 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RAN protein P62826 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser135 DRKVKAKsIVFHRKK 9606 16930555 t lperfetto "Plk1 is capable of phosphorylating co-immunoprecipitated ran in vitro on serine-135 and ran is phosphorylated in vivo at the same site during mitosis when plk1 is normally activated. Deregulation of ran phosphorylation disrupts normal spindle structure and segregation of chromosomes." SIGNOR-149073 AUTS2 protein Q8WXX7 UNIPROT ELMO2 protein Q96JJ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001909 25533347 t miannu "Mutations in the Autism susceptibility candidate 2 gene (AUTS2), whose protein is believed to act in neuronal cell nuclei, have been associated with multiple psychiatric illnesses, including autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Here we show that cytoplasmic AUTS2 is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and neural development.  AUTS2 activates Rac1 to induce lamellipodia but downregulates Cdc42 to suppress filopodia. Our loss-of-function and rescue experiments show that a cytoplasmic AUTS2-Rac1 pathway is involved in cortical neuronal migration and neuritogenesis in the developing brain. These results suggest that FL-AUTS2 can activate Rac1 via interaction with P-Rex1 and the Elmo2/Dock180 complex to regulate actin dynamics in N1E-115 cells." SIGNOR-266819 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 9155018 t "These results indicate that MNK1 is a novel class of protein kinase that is activated through both the ERK and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways" SIGNOR-253011 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C18 21902831 t gcesareni "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-176524 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 12869565 t gcesareni "Activated src reduces the ability of pten to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositols in micelles and promotes akt translocation to cellular plasma membranes but does not alter pten activity toward water-soluble phosphatidylinositols." SIGNOR-103721 XL-647 chemical CID:10458325 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 22722787 t "XL647 administered on an intermittent or daily-dosing schedule demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with EGFR-activating mutations." gcesareni "Xl647 is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including endothelial growth factor receptor (egfr), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, her2 and ephrin type-b receptor 4 (ephb4)." SIGNOR-197959 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser152 PASSVSSsPSPPFGH 9606 12050114 t gcesareni "Tob is rapidly phosphorylated at ser 152, ser 154, and ser 164 by erk1 and erk2 upon growth-factor stimulation." SIGNOR-88716 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser78 PAYSRALsRQLSSGV 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "Purified pkg isoforms ia, ib, and ii all caused incorporation of phosphate in recombinant hsp27 at ser-78, ser-82, and thr-143, but not ser-15.These Studies indicate that hsp27 is a genuine substrate for pkg and that pkg may mediate inhibition of platelet aggregation through phosphorylation of hsp27 and subsequent prevent of actin polymerization" SIGNOR-186784 GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002850 BTO:0000975 15284005 f miannu "The transcription factor GATA6, which regulates the promoter activity of CYP17 and CYP11A, was increased in the PCOS compared to normal theca cells." SIGNOR-254198 "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI arachidonoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15514 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267903 4-methylumbelliferone chemical CHEBI:17224 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258057 pictrelisib chemical CHEBI:65326 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000149 21876152 t gcesareni "Currently, several pi3k inhibitors, including gdc0941 (genentech) and bez235 (novartis pharmaceuticals), have entered phase i clinical trials, and in addition, isoform-specific compounds are being developed" SIGNOR-176292 EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" hydroxylation 9606 24990963 t lperfetto "There are three EglN family members in humans and mice (EglN1, EglN2, and EglN3). Their enzymatic activity requires oxygen, ascorbic acid, iron, and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Under hypoxic conditions, EglNs lose their activity and fail to hydroxylate HIFα, which leads to HIFα stabilization" SIGNOR-261999 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser364 PLLSRMGsLRAPVDE 9606 22558186 t gcesareni "Among these effector proteins, chk1 phosphorylates tlk12 and rad51, while brca, pik3, pml and e2f1 are chk2 substrates." SIGNOR-197278 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 26971449 f lperfetto "PGC-1 family transcriptional coactivators enhance the activities of the nuclear respiratory factors NRF1 and NRF2, which induce transactivation of many genes encoding mitochondria-specific proteins involved in respiratory chain, mitochondrial DNA transcription/replication and protein import/assembly" SIGNOR-253391 PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser300 SMSDPGVsYRTREEI -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109555 DLGAP1 protein O14490 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9115257 t miannu "SAPAPs are specifically expressed in neuronal cells and enriched in the PSD fraction. SAPAPs induce the enrichment of PSD-95/SAP90 to the plasma membrane in transfected cells. Thus, SAPAPs may have a potential activity to maintain the structure of PSD by concentrating its components to the membrane area." SIGNOR-264209 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser142 AGNSAPNsPMAMLHI 9606 BTO:0000007 22343943 t "Here, we have used an mTORC1 in-vitro kinase assay and a phosphoantibody to demonstrate that serine S142, which we previously found to be phosphorylated by ERK2, is also phosphorylated by mTOR and that this phosphorylation has a crucial role in controlling TFEB subcellular localization and activity." SIGNOR-255309 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269616 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser215 DRNTFRHsVVVPYEP 9606 15469940 t llicata "Here we show that p53 is phosphorylated by the mitotic kinase aurora-a at serine 215. Unlike most identified phosphorylation sites of p53 that positively associate with p53 function (brooks, c. L., and gu, w. (2003) curr. Opin. Cell biol. 15, 164-171), the phosphorylation of p53 by aurora-a at ser-215 abrogates p53 dna binding and transactivation activity." SIGNOR-129809 TAF10 protein Q12962 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269581 POMT1 protein Q9Y6A1 UNIPROT POMT complex SIGNOR-C372 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16698797 t miannu " Here we have shown that POMT1 forms a complex with POMT2 and the complex possesses protein O-mannosyltransferase activity. Results indicate that POMT1 and POMT2 associate physically and functionally in vivo.  Mutations in the POMT1 and POMT2 genes are considered to be the cause of Walker-Warburg syndrome. Here, we have demonstrated that POMT1 and POMT2 form a functional complex in vivo using immunoprecipitating techniques. Furthermore, we showed that the mutations of POMT1 protein found in WWS patients do not prevent complex formation with POMT2 but they do abolish activity of the complex." SIGNOR-265428 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr178 NHNHRIRtNPAIVKT 10090 BTO:0001103 17609368 t gcesareni "AMPK phosphorylates PGC-1alpha directly both in vitro and in cells. These direct phosphorylations of the PGC-1alpha protein at threonine-177 and serine-538 are required for the PGC-1alpha-dependent induction of the PGC-1alpha promoter" SIGNOR-228642 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 11882681 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "These findings indicate that glyr function is upregulated by ptks and this modulation is dependent on the tyrosine-413 residue of the beta subunit." SIGNOR-270262 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser862 IRNKARLsITGSVGE 9606 12536214 t gcesareni "Receptor internalization, altered;intracellular localization" SIGNOR-97546 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14701735 f irozzo "Here we demonstrate that MLL-ENL immortalizes cells mainly through inducing a reversible block on myeloid differentiation that is dependent on upregulation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 and that enforced expression of these two genes is sufficient to substitute for MLL-ENL function." SIGNOR-255862 CDK14 protein O94921 UNIPROT CyclinY/CDK14 complex SIGNOR-C541 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 19524571 t lperfetto "A novel cyclin, CCNY, was identified as a PFTK1 interacting protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen. The cyclin box in CCNY and the PFTAIRE motif in PFTK1 are both required for the interaction which was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro assays." SIGNOR-273005 CyclinY/CDK16 complex SIGNOR-C540 SIGNOR CDK16 protein Q00536 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser336 PPDILLGsTDYSTQI SIGNOR-C540 32723157 t lperfetto "Mechanistically the S326 phosphorylation by AMPK promotes the interaction of CCNY with CDK16, which in turn autophosphorylates S336, which serves as a marker for active CCNY-CDK16." SIGNOR-273006 NUP98-HOXA9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP15 SIGNOR PECAM1 protein P16284 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17442773 f miannu "Over 102 cytoplasmic mRNAs were significantly altered in K562 myeloid leukemic cells transduced with NUP98‐HOXA9, 92 being increased and only 10 decreased. The platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule PECAM1 is also downregulated by NUP98‐HOXA9." SIGNOR-261500 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20162623 f Indirect:regulation miannu "Our results demonstrate that activin A induced Hb synthesis and promoter activation of the specific erythroid gene, ζ-globin, through p38α and p38β isoforms and their activator, MKK6 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6)." SIGNOR-251833 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 10601008 t gcesareni "Ligands such as wnt1, wnt3a, and wnt8 couple the seventransmembrane domain receptor frizzled (fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (lrp5/6) to activate wnt?Beta-catenin signaling.All the frizzled genes studied have a complex and partially overlapping pattern of expression in different regions of the embryo, and many of them (fz1, 3, 7, 8 and 9) have specific expression in the epithelial somites as well as in the newly formed myotomes." SIGNOR-73036 NLGN1 protein Q8N2Q7 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264144 ZC3H12A protein Q5D1E8 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 30842549 t "Here, we show that Regnase-1 regulates self-renewal of HSPCs through modulating the stability of Gata2 and Tal1 mRNA" SIGNOR-259944 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr23 SAALDPAyTTLEFEN 9606 22308320 t lperfetto "Here we show that c-src phosphorylates human hnf4_ on three tyrosines phosphomimetic mutants in the lbd decrease p1-hnf4_ protein stability, nuclear localization and transactivation function." SIGNOR-195883 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM7A protein Q6ZMT4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271572 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr559 TGDYIPGtETHMAPE 9606 BTO:0000776 20501937 t lperfetto "Upon activation by nik, ikkalfa phosphorylates nik, triggering its proteolysis." SIGNOR-165622 IGF2BP1 protein Q9NZI8 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0004102 21734271 t miannu "We found that ZBP1 is necessary for netrin-1 stimulated local translation of β-actin mRNA in axonal growth cones. ZBP1 binds to β-actin mRNA in the soma and transports it to the growth cone on microtubules." SIGNOR-268160 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 11165242 t miannu "Human casein kinase Idelta phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2. We have now extended our previous studies to show that human casein kinase Idelta (hCKIdelta), the closest homologue to hCKIepsilon, associates with and phosphorylates hPER1 and causes protein instability. Furthermore, we observed that both hCKIdelta and hCKIepsilon phosphorylated and caused protein instability of human period 2 protein (hPER2)." SIGNOR-268001 "cyclosporin A" chemical CHEBI:4031 ChEBI PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-269889 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 TDNLLPMsPEEFDEV 29239838 t lperfetto "We previously demonstrated that Mediator kinase inhibitor cortistatin A (CA) reduced proliferation of JAK2-mutant AML in vitro and in vivo and also suppressed CDK8-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1 at serine 727. Here we report that phosphorylation of STAT1 S727 promotes the proliferation of AML cells with JAK-STAT pathway activation." SIGNOR-273179 PKNOX1 protein P55347 UNIPROT PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9482740 t 2 miannu "we show that Pbx proteins exist as stable heterodimers with a novel homeodomain protein, Prep1. Here we show that Prep1-Pbx interaction presents novel structural features: it is independent of DNA binding and of the integrity of their respective homeodomains, and requires sequences in the N-terminal portions of both proteins. The Prep1-Pbx protein-protein interaction is essential for DNA-binding activity." SIGNOR-241212 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000667 15866158 t "Induction of the p21WAF1/Cip1 gene by Notch 1 activation in differentiating keratinocytes is associated with direct targeting of the RBP-J_ protein to the p21 promoter." SIGNOR-252033 CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256685 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser26 LRGNPSSsQVDEEQM 9606 BTO:0002137 26774286 t "In response to ionizing radiation, ATM phosphorylates FBXW7 at serine 26 to recruit it to DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites, whereas activated DNA-PKcs phosphorylates XRCC4 at serines 325/326, which promotes binding of XRCC4 to FBXW7" SIGNOR-259942 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 19470755 t lperfetto "Abl binds a proline-rich motif in cdo via its sh3 domain, and these regions of abl and cdo are required for their promyogenic effects. Cdo is important for full abl kinase activity" SIGNOR-185762 NRXN2 protein Q9P2S2 UNIPROT DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626542 t miannu "The DGC is potentially recruited to the postsynaptic membrane though a direct neurexin–dystroglycan interaction and an indirect interaction with NL2 via the synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM." SIGNOR-265460 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser60 VYQVSRTsGGAGGLG -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. In the present study, we found aurora-b phosphorylates desmin at ser-11, thr-16, and ser-59, in vitro." SIGNOR-100111 PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 BTO:0000007 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2–ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark." SIGNOR-264518 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser393 NLQIRETsLDTKSVS -1 7822264 t llicata "On the other hand, GFAP was phosphorylated to approximately 1.9 mol of phosphate/mol of GFAP by Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase II, and this phosphorylation did induce disassembly of the filament. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides revealed that only Ser8 on GFAP was phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase, whereas Ser13, Ser17, Ser34, and Ser389 on GFAP were phosphorylated by Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase II." SIGNOR-250629 CTBP2 protein P56545 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 21315774 t Luana "Overexpression of the CtBP2 protein enhanced the repression activity of the E-cadherin promoter in a dose-dependent manner, whereas overexpression of ataxin-1 increased the activity of the E-cadherin promoter in a dose-dependent manner " SIGNOR-261578 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15454084 t gcesareni "Here, we report that ryk directly binds wnt-1 and wnt-3a via its wif domain and is required for the tcf." SIGNOR-129580 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT VTN protein P04004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr69 VTRGDVFtMPEDEYT 10090 BTO:0000944 9733784 t llicata " Therefore, we expressed Vn in a baculovirus system and show (i) that the CKII phosphorylation of wt-Vn enhances the adhesion of bovine aorta endothelial cells; (ii) that the double mutant T50E/T57E (in which the neutral Thr residues are replaced by the negatively charged Glu residues considered analogs of Thr-P) has a significantly enhanced capacity to promote cell adhesion and to accelerate cell spreading when compared with either wild-type Vn or to the neutral T50A/T57A mutant" SIGNOR-250970 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR KCMF1 protein Q9P0J7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271242 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser624 KMFKDKVsPLQNLAS 33082307 t lperfetto "The motif harbouring S436 is a target of CDK2 and CDK3 kinases, which interacted with EVI1-WT. The methyltransferase DNMT3A bound preferentially to EVI1-WT compared with EVI1-S436A, and a hypomethylated cell population associated by EVI1-WT expression in murine haematopoietic progenitors is not maintained with EVI1-S436A." SIGNOR-273426 ABTB1 protein Q969K4 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 11494141 f miannu "Flow cytometry suggested that over-expression of BPOZ inhibited progression of the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. Anti-sense oligonucleotides for BPOZ or EGR2 effectively inhibited their expression, and cell growth was accelerated." SIGNOR-260046 SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR Exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH157 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30267828 f miannu "The best-studied SNARE-complex is the one formed between three proteins, VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25, that mediate fast exocytosis in neuronal cells." SIGNOR-263969 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000356 26722274 f irozzo "Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects endothelial cells (EC) from undergoing apoptosis. These results indicated that HMOX-1 may be involved in conferring the chemoresistance of breast cancer cells, by preventing apoptosis and autophagy." SIGNOR-256559 "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268607 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 SLLKKRDsFRTPRDS 9606 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163776 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXA1 protein P49639 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260019 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11178121 t lperfetto "Bmps are dimeric proteins with a single inter-chain disulfide bond. The dimeric conformation is an absolute requirement for the biological action and interac- tion with receptors" SIGNOR-236172 DMAP1 protein Q9NPF5 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269298 PTCRA protein Q6ISU1 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20626350 t lperfetto "However, non-canonical mechanisms of p38alfa activation have been also described. One is apparently specific to antigen receptor stimulated t-lymphocytes. This involves phosphorylation of p38alfa on tyr323 by the tcr-proximal tyrosine kinase zap70 and p56lck." SIGNOR-166658 sapitinib chemical CHEBI:132986 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20145185 t gcesareni "In vivo, azd8931 inhibited xenograft growth in a range of models while significantly affecting egfr, erbb2, and erbb3 phosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways, apoptosis, and proliferation." SIGNOR-163730 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT ENOX1 protein Q8TC92 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000934 23939472 f lperfetto "We found that NRF-1 positively regulates FAM134C and ENOX1, but negatively regulates C3orf10 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells and primary rat cortical neurons. In IMR-32 cells, FAM134C positively regulates and C3orf10 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth, but ENOX1 plays no role in neurite outgrowth regulation. " SIGNOR-261488 BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256764 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1059 DIYKDPDyVRKGDAR 9606 BTO:0000007 18840653 t "We show that a TCPTP substrate-trapping mutant interacts with VEGFR2. Moreover, TCPTP dephosphorylates VEGFR2 in a phosphosite-specific manner, inhibits its kinase activity and prevents its internalization from the cell surface. |The autophosphorylation sites Tyr1054/1059 and Tyr1214 were dephosphorylated by TCPTP (Fig. 4B). Tyr996, the functional significance of which is currently uncertain (Olsson et al., 2006), was a TCPTP target as well." SIGNOR-248400 CDK16 protein Q00536 UNIPROT PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr481 RRGLAPNtPGKARKL 9606 BTO:0000815 35449080 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, CDK16 exerts its function by phosphorylating protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) to regulate spindle formation during mitosis.|Indeed, immunoblot analysis showed that PRC1 phosphorylation at the T481 site (CDK-dependent major phosphorylation site) fluctuated with the abundance of CDK16 protein in the cell cycle process" SIGNOR-273017 CDK16 protein Q00536 UNIPROT PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 DSREDEIsPPPPNPV 9606 BTO:0000567 25605337 t lperfetto "PCTK1 regulates spindle orientation in a kinase-dependent manner. Phosphoproteomic analysis together with an RNA interference screen revealed that PCTK1 regulates spindle orientation through phosphorylation of Ser83 on KAP0, a regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA)" SIGNOR-273018 KLF3 protein P57682 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18391014 f fspada "We find that c/ebpalpha is derepressed in klf3 and ctbp knockout fibroblasts and adipocytes from klf3 knockout mice." SIGNOR-161370 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HAND1 protein O96004 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr107 PKKERRRtESINSAF 10116 BTO:0001556 14636580 t miannu "In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation studies show that both PKA and PKC can phosphorylate HAND1 and -2. T107; S109 within helix I and S98 within the basic domain, are the phosphorylated residues. We determined that modification of HAND1 at residues 107 and 109 affects dimerization affinities with E-proteins, thus changing the bHLH dimer equilibrium within the cell. These modifications also affect HAND1 function." SIGNOR-249991 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 f miannu "Myod targets brg1 to the myogenin promoter during the initiation of myogenesis in tissue culture models for skeletal muscle differentiation /initiation of myogenin transcription is dependent upon myod, the pbx homeodomain factor, and swi/snf chromatin-remodeling enzymes" SIGNOR-151688 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR GLYR1 protein Q49A26 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys505 FYLKYIQkDLRLAIA 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations." SIGNOR-272839 NUAK2 protein Q9H093 UNIPROT WDR45 protein Q9Y484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "WIPI4 is stimulated by AMPK, NUAK2 and BRSK2. This finding is supported by the results of our kinome screening, which identified AMPK and the AMKP-related kinases NUAK2 and BRSK2, all of which function downstream of LKB1 (ref. 69) and stimulate the localization of WIPI4 to nascent autophagosomes." SIGNOR-268481 ACOT4 protein Q8N9L9 UNIPROT glutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30921 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271817 BIK protein Q13323 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 7478623 t gcesareni "We have identified a novel cellular protein, bik, that interacts with the cellular survival-promoting proteins, bcl-2 and bcl-xl in transient transfection assays, bik promotes cell death in a manner similar to the death-promoting members of the bcl-2 family, bax and bak." SIGNOR-26453 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT FNTA protein P49354 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26469958 f lperfetto "In this study, we provided evidence that p53 induces the expression of a group of enzymes of the MVA pathway including 3'-hydroxy-3'-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, MVA kinase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase and farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1, in the human glioblastoma multiforme cell line, U343 cells, and in normal human astrocytes, NHAs." SIGNOR-242408 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT EEF1A:GTP:aa-tRNA complex SIGNOR-C493 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8722040 t miannu "The mechanism of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) catalyzed aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) binding to the A site of the ribosome was studied. Two types of complexes of EF-Tu with GTP and aa-tRNA, EF-Tu.GTP-aa-tRNA (ternary) and (EF-Tu.GTP)2.aa-tRNA (quinternary), can be formed in vitro depending on the conditions." SIGNOR-270809 GRM2 protein Q14416 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264079 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser834 QELPGRLsFLGTRLT 9606 BTO:0000984 11416140 t lperfetto "Downregulation of ciita function by protein kinase a (pka)-mediated phosphorylationphosphorylation at ciita serines 834 and 1050 accounts for the inhibitory effects of pka on ciita-driven class ii mhc transcription." SIGNOR-108573 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser360 PRIFQGYsFVAPSIL 9606 BTO:0000567 10806207 t llicata "Rskb, a 90-kda ribosomal s6 protein kinase family (rsk) member with two complete catalytic domains connected by a linker, is activated through p38- and erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases. unlike other rsks, the activation loop phosphorylation sites of both catalytic domains of rskb, ser(196) and thr(568), were required for activity. Rskb activation depended on phosphorylation of linker ser(343) and ser(360) and associated with phosphorylation of nonconserved ser(347), but ser(347)-deficient rskb retained partial activity." SIGNOR-77216 prednisone chemical CHEBI:8382 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 8143061 t asthma gcesareni SIGNOR-251706 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15120645 t miannu "Despite signaling through distinct receptor complexes, type I IFNs and IFN-lambda activate similar signaling events and biological activities, consistent with their common ability to mediate an antiviral state in cells (Fig. 6). In both cases, receptor engagement leads via the activation of the Jak kinases Jak1 and Tyk2 to the activation of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) transcription complex, composed of latent transcriptional factors of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family, Stat1 and Stat2, and of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) IRF9 (ISGF3g or p48)." SIGNOR-260149 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263787 PLX-4720 chemical CHEBI:90295 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258267 ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253196 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-267038 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 15282549 t gcesareni "We report upregulation of lrig1 transcript and protein upon egf stimulation, and physical association of the encoded protein with the four egfr orthologs of mammals. Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation." SIGNOR-127298 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT HOXD10 protein P28358 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25301728 f miannu "Knockdown of pou2f1 significantly reduced expression of hoxd10 and d11" SIGNOR-205540 ACAT1 protein P24752 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 34289383 t lperfetto "We previously reported that the mitochondrial fraction of FLT3 activates acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase ACAT1 in mitochondria via Y407 phosphorylation to acetylate and inhibit mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase A (PDHA) and PDH phosphatase 1 (PDP1)" SIGNOR-267633 CH5132799 chemical CID:49784945 PUBCHEM PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190952 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 t gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-252338 FBXO11 protein Q86XK2 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000785 22113614 t miannu "Fbxo11 targets bcl6 for degradation" SIGNOR-177652 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 20006481 t lperfetto "Akt can phosphorylate pras40, a raptor binding protein that also acts as an inhibitor of torc1. Akt-mediated phosphorylation of pras40 again promotes 14-3-3 binding, in this case leading to relief from pras40-mediated inhibition." SIGNOR-217565 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT CDCA8 protein Q53HL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr94 ATADLDItEINKLTA 9606 19530738 t lperfetto "First, we confirmed that wild-type borealin is phosphorylated at the previously described sites t88, t94, t169, and t230 when present in complex with survivin borealin might be a substrate for mps1. In the case of wild-type borealin, the fast exchange between the monomeric and dimeric forms may allow mps1 to phosphorylate the monomer. In turn, mps1 may regulate borealin function by unfolding the c-terminal domain and/or shifting the population to the monomeric form." SIGNOR-186155 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 27858941 t miannu "The GAP domain of DAB2IP is homologous to other Ras-GAPs, such as GAP120 and neurofibromin (NF1), and can stimulate the GTPase activity of RAS proteins both in vitro and in cancer cell lines. DAB2IP is able to stimulate in vitro and in vivo the GTPase activity of RAS proteins (H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras) facilitating GTP hydrolysis to GDP." SIGNOR-254746 ARVCF protein O00192 UNIPROT CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252129 TAF7 protein Q15545 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263928 CD40LG protein P29965 UNIPROT CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0003076 19426221 t lperfetto "Ramos cells were mixed with increasing numbers of transfected cells that expressed cd70 (cd27l) or cd154 (cd40l), both of which are expressed by activated t cells, in the presence of anti-igm ab. Cd27 ligation as well as cd40 ligation inhibited bcr-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner .cd40 binds its ligand cd40l." SIGNOR-185660 fentanyl chemical CHEBI:119915 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258937 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 18593906 t fspada "Pim1s expression induced the phosphorylation of foxo3a (fig. 5a and b) and inactivated its transcriptional activity (fig. 5c). A previous report showed that phosphorylation at t32, s253, and s315 residues in foxo3a induced 14-3-3 binding, nuclear export, and proteasomemediated degradation (42)." SIGNOR-252967 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-F protein P30511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11137213 f "HLA-E is inducible by CIITA through the SXY regulatory module. HLA-F is inducible by NF-kappaB through the kappaB1 site of enhancer A, is responsive to IFN-gamma through the ISRE, and is inducible by CIITA" SIGNOR-254018 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT Monocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH101 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 23320737 f "The transcription factor Fli-1 regulates monocyte, macrophage and dendritic cell development in mice" SIGNOR-259972 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259041 RANGAP1 protein P46060 UNIPROT MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" relocalization 10090 26304119 t Monia "SUMOylated RanGAP1 Inhibits MYCBP2 Activity and Mediates Its Transport to the Nucleus. Surprisingly, we did not find MYCBP2-dependent ubiquitylation of SUMOylated RanGAP1 but instead a strong inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase activity of MYCBP2 in the presence of SUMOylated RanGAP1, as determined by the presence of ubiquitylated proteins. this effect was specific for SUMOylated RanGAP1, because the unmodified form of RanGAP1 did not affect MYCBP2-dependent protein ubiquitylation. , SUMOylated RanGAP1 inhibited the ubiquitin ligase activity of MYCBP2, and it is tempting to speculate that SUMOylated RanGAP1 inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of MYCBP2 to ensure MYCBP2 silencing during its transport to the nucleus" SIGNOR-261203 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr220 SLDGSREyVNVSQEL 9606 16938345 t gcesareni "Both lck and syk, phosphorylate the itam-like motifs on lat at y171y191, which is essential for induction of the interaction of lat with downstream signaling molecules such as grb2, plc-gamma1 and c-cbl, and for activation of mapk-erk." SIGNOR-148931 PDIA6 protein Q15084 UNIPROT ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 24508390 t "A resident ER protein disulfide isomerase, PDIA6, limits the duration of IRE1α activity by direct binding to cysteine148 in the luminal domain of the sensor," SIGNOR-256536 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser288 PESEDEEsYDTESEF 9606 BTO:0000782 8622692 t llicata "Casein kinase ii phosphorylates i kappa b alpha at s-283, s-289, s-293, and t-291 and is required for its degradation." SIGNOR-40506 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10542297 t lperfetto "Stat3 activation requires kinase function of tyk2." SIGNOR-71781 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT PTN protein P21246 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001567 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255167 suprofen chemical CHEBI:9362 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001061 18667313 t Luana "Profens, that is, Ketoprofen 1, Suprofen 2 (Fig. 1), were chosen because of their interesting inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase and of their different selectivity versus the two isoforms COX-1/COX-2. " SIGNOR-257809 HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257186 PHF21A protein Q96BD5 UNIPROT "BHC complex" complex SIGNOR-C353 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0000007" 15325272 t miannu "BRAF–HDAC complex (BHC) consisting of six subunit proteins, BRAF35, BHC80, BHC110, HDAC1, HDAC2, and CoREST, has been purified from HeLa and HEK293 cells" SIGNOR-264502 ziprasidone chemical CHEBI:10119 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258505 MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 19109563 f irozzo "To discern the mechanisms by which Meis1 inhibition leads to reduced cell growth, we performed cell-cycle and apoptosis analyses.Meis1 knockdown also resulted in increased apoptosis, as evidenced by increased uptake of PI and a stain for activated caspases (CaspaTag) by M26-transduced cells compared with control cells. These results indicate that Meis1 is required for proliferation and survival of 4166 leukemia cells." SIGNOR-256648 PLK2 protein Q9NYY3 UNIPROT CENPJ protein Q9HC77 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser589 EQAADEIsFSSNSSF 9606 20531387 t lperfetto "Plk2 phosphorylates the s589 and s595 residues of cpap in vitro and in vivo. This phosphorylation is critical for procentriole formation during the centrosome cycle." SIGNOR-165999 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12837246 f miannu "The tumor suppressor menin, is a direct repressor of htert" SIGNOR-102874 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr323 GCHLLVAtPGRLVDM 9606 16280325 t lperfetto "Thr204 to glu204 ddx3 mutant protein lost its function, suggesting that phosphorylation at thr204 affects ddx3 function. Thr204 was phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2. Thr323 in motif ib was also phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2 kinase. We propose a novel function of cyclin b/cdc2 kinase in mitosis, which is to cause a loss of ddx3 function to repress cyclin a expression and to decrease ribosome biogenesis and translation during mitosis." SIGNOR-216872 MYO1E protein Q12965 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0000142 17257598 f miannu "We describe binding of two PRD-containing endocytic proteins, dynamin and synaptojanin-1, to the SH3 domain of Myo1E. This interaction was detected both in vitro, using pull-downs of purified proteins, and in vivo, using immunoprecipitation of protein complexes from synapse-enriched brain extract and immunolocalization of Myo1E and dynamin. Our observation of the interaction between human Myo1E and endocytic proteins suggests that this longtailed myosin may play a role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis.Interaction between Myo1E SH3 domain and PRD-containing endocytic proteins may promote recruitment of Myo1E to clathrin-coated structures since an inactivating mutation in the SH3 domain reduced Myo1E localization to clathrin-containing puncta." SIGNOR-265426 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257160 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr700 LSSNPLMtPDILGSS 9606 BTO:0000567 9687510 t gcesareni "Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (msk1) is directly activated by mapk and sapk2/p38, and may mediate activation of crebactivated by phosphorylation at ser-360, thr-581 and thr-700 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1 and mapk14/p38-alpha" SIGNOR-59451 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM32 protein Q13049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271035 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1672 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248784 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Lys-tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:16047 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269542 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 17350185 t Luana "Co-transfection with pCMV4-RelA alone or in combination with pCMV4p50 repressed pSLA4.1 EX-Lux activity by approximately 75 percent in both H441 and A549 cells " SIGNOR-266087 "hydrogen peroxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16240 ChEBI MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 11782488 f gcesareni "These findings suggest that c-src mediated bmk1 activation by h(2)o(2) may counteract ischemic cellular damage probably through the activation of mef2c transcription factor." SIGNOR-113758 BBOX1 protein O75936 UNIPROT carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17126 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "In the last step, butyrobetaine is hydroxylated on the 3-position by γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBD; EC 1.14.11.1) to yield carnitine." SIGNOR-269699 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR LPCAT1 protein Q8NF37 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys221 RTCLITFkPGAFIPG 10090 BTO:0004299 21068446 t miannu "Here, we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes LPCAT1 degradation using the Skp1-Cullin-F-box ubiquitin E3 ligase component, β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), that polyubiquitinates LPCAT1, thereby targeting the enzyme for proteasomal degradation.Lys221 Is a Bona Fide Site for LPCAT1 Ubiquitination" SIGNOR-272759 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr451 AVSDPSStPTKIPTD 9606 24235147 t lperfetto "Cdk5 phosphorylates clock at the thr-451 and thr-461 residues in association with transcriptional activation of clock." SIGNOR-203227 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 11909978 t "NF-kappa B activates prostate-specific antigen expression and is upregulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer." SIGNOR-253667 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15340381 t gcesareni "The F-box family of proteins €” which are the substrate-recognition components of the Skp1€“Cul1€“F-box-protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase €” are important players in many mammalian functions." SIGNOR-243560 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser43 FGYQRRAsDDGKLTD 9606 11971957 t gcesareni "Serine 43 phosphorylation decreased the binding to ras in serum-starved but not in mitogen-stimulated cells. However, the kinase activity of a rafs43a mutant was fully inhibited by pka." SIGNOR-86145 PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16239230 t gcesareni "... the PP2A holoenzymes ABC and ABC act downstream of Ras and upstream of MEK1 to promote activation of this MAPK signaling cascade. Furthermore both PP2A holoenzymes were found to associate with Raf1 and catalyze dephosphorylation of inhibitory phospho-Ser-259." SIGNOR-243417 NEK1 protein Q96PY6 UNIPROT VDAC1 protein P21796 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser193 DGTEFGGsIYQKVNK 9606 20230784 t lperfetto "Nek1 phosphorylates vdac1 on ser193. Wild-type vdac1 assumes an open configuration, but closes and prevents cytochrome c efflux when phosphorylated by nek1. A vdac1-ser193ala mutant, which cannot be phosphorylated by nek1 under identical conditions, remains open and constitutively allows cytochrome c efflux." SIGNOR-164222 CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser142 HSSRRAKsVEDDAEG 9606 BTO:0000567 20682768 t lperfetto "Clk2 was reported to regulate its nuclear localization by autophosphorylating serine 141" SIGNOR-167344 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-butanol chemical CHEBI:91549 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Several compounds proposed as ‘atypical’ antipsychoticagents were found to exhibit agonist activity at 5-HT1A EC values were greater than the respective Kvalues50i .21.8""5.8-fold difference,ns10 and a high degree of correlation was observed. All the compounds displayed high or marked bind-ing affinity at CHO-h5-HT1A receptors except for olanzapine, which exhibited a micromolar Kvalue at h5-HTi1A receptors (table3)." SIGNOR-258849 (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258443 WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 26297806 t lperfetto "Primary microcephaly (MCPH) associated proteins CDK5RAP2, CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 colocalize at the centrosome. We found that they interact to promote centriole duplication and form a hierarchy in which each is required to localize another to the centrosome, with CDK5RAP2 at the apex, and CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 at sequentially lower positions. MCPH proteins interact with distinct centriolar satellite proteins; CDK5RAP2 interacts with SPAG5 and CEP72, CEP152 with CEP131, WDR62 with MOONRAKER, and CEP63 with CEP90 and CCDC14. These satellite proteins localize their cognate MCPH interactors to centrosomes and also promote centriole duplication. Consistent with a role for satellites in microcephaly, homozygous mutations in one satellite gene, CEP90, may cause MCPH. The satellite proteins, with the exception of CCDC14, and MCPH proteins promote centriole duplication by recruiting CDK2 to the centrosome." SIGNOR-271726 PRPF4 protein O43172 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270622 IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 27337441 t lperfetto "Recent reports show that in mice the microbiome, comprising commensal microorganisms that colonize body surfaces, promotes a partial and low-grade M1-like phenotype in macrophages throughout the body, including those in lymphoid organs (119, 120). This M1-like priming of macrophages induces chromatin remodeling with increased H3K4me3 marks at Ifnb, Il6, and Tnf promoters, which is associated with increased binding of NF-κB p65, IRF3, and Pol II upon cell stimulation" SIGNOR-251721 TRIM11 protein Q96F44 UNIPROT PHOX2B protein Q99453 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22307522 t miannu "The e3 ubiquitin ligasetrim11mediates the degradation of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome-associated polyalanine-expandedphox2b." SIGNOR-195878 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr505 FTATEGQyQPQP 10090 BTO:0000782 17719247 t "CD45 differentially regulates the negatively acting pTyr-505 and positively acting pTyr-394 p56(lck) tyrosine kinase phosphorylation sites. We propose that high wild-type CD45 expression is necessary to dephosphorylate p56(lck) pTyr-394, suppressing CD4 T+ cell lineage commitment and hyperactivity." SIGNOR-259933 RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260512 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11994399 f Luana "SREBP-1c–responsive genes include those for ATP citrate lyase (which produces acetyl-CoA) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase (which together produce palmitate [C16:0])." SIGNOR-267957 TERB2 protein Q8NHR7 UNIPROT "TTM complex" complex SIGNOR-C305 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30718482 t lperfetto "Meiotic specific proteins TERB1, TERB2, and MAJIN form a stable complex that plays a critical role in regulating the recruitment of telomeres to the NE" SIGNOR-263304 MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000759 15496471 t Luana "The present study provides evidence for a direct and dominant role of ChREBP in the glucose regulation of two key liver lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS)" SIGNOR-267947 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ARHGAP22 protein Q7Z5H3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser16 ARRARSKsLVMGEQS 9606 BTO:0000007 21969604 t miannu "Akt phosphorylates RhoGAP22 at the 14-3-3 binding site and is required for insulin-stimulated 14-3-3 binding. we have demonstrated that Akt is the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of Ser16 in order to mediate 14-3-3 binding to RhoGAP22." SIGNOR-262613 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT CASQ2 protein O14958 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser385 DDDDDDNsDEEDNDD -1 1985907 t llicata "Both cardiac and skeletal muscle calsequestrins were phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but cardiac calsequestrin was phosphorylated to a higher stoichiometry and at least 50 times more rapidly. The site of rapid phosphorylation of cardiac calsequestrin was localized to the distinct COOH terminus, where a cluster of three closely spaced serine residues are found (S378DEESN-DDSDDDDE-COOH)." SIGNOR-250980 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HNRNPD protein Q14103 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser87 SNSSPRHsEAATAQR 9606 11903055 t gcesareni "Protein kinase a enhances, whereas glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibits, the activity of the exon 2-encoded transactivator domain of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein d in a hierarchical fashion." SIGNOR-116144 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates the p38 mapk" SIGNOR-79501 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12536214 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We found that pka phosphorylation of the ampa receptor subunits glur4 and glur1 directly controlled the synaptic incorporation of ampa receptors in organotypic slices from rat hippocampus." SIGNOR-270232 RUSC1 protein Q9BVN2 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15024033 f miannu "Overexpression studies in PC12 cells indicate that Nesca facilitates neurotrophin-dependent neurite outgrowth at nonsaturating doses of nerve growth factor (NGF)." SIGNOR-272776 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15952796 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb10 by mitogen-activated protein kinase: identification of ser150 and ser476 of human grb10zeta as major phosphorylation sitesreplacing ser(150) and ser(476) with alanines reduced the inhibitory effect of human grb10zeta on insulin-stimulated irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation" SIGNOR-270178 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1764 RPSGRREsLTSFGNG -1 12529267 t miannu "IP(3)R-I was phosphorylated by PKA and PKG in vitro and exclusively by PKG in vivo. Sequential phosphorylation by PKA and by PKG-Ialpha in vitro showed that PKA phosphorylated the same site as PKG (presumably S(1755)) and an additional PKA-specific site (S(1589)). Phosphorylation of IP(3)R-I in microsomes by PKG, PKA, or a combination of PKG and PKA inhibited IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release to the same extent, implying that inhibition was mediated by phosphorylation of the PKG-specific site." SIGNOR-249997 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MED1 protein Q15648 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1457 HSKSPAYtPQNLDSE 9606 16314496 t fstefani "We demonstrate that erk phosphorylates trap220/med1 in vivo at two specific sites: threonine 1032 and threonine 1457. importantly, we found that erk phosphorylation significantly increases the stability and half-life of trap220/med1 in vivo and correlates with increased thyroid hormone receptor-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-142462 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT Protein_degradation phenotype SIGNOR-PH96 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 20871233 f "Atrogin-1, but not MuRF-1, was induced at both the gene and protein level as ApcMin/+ mice aged from 3 to 6 months of age, going from a pre-cachectic to a cachectic state. Atrogin-1 mRNA and protein levels were also elevated in ApcMin/+ mice when we over-expressed IL-6 in the circulation." SIGNOR-255341 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT NFKBIB protein Q15653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 10514424 t miannu "Interaction with beta-TrCP is also necessary for ubiquitination of IkappaBbeta upon stimulation of cells, and deletion of the F-box in beta-TrCP abolishes its ability to ubiquitinate IkappaBbeta. Therefore, these results indicate that beta-TrCP plays a critical role in the activation of NF-kappaB by assembling the ubiquitin ligase complex for both phosphorylated IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta.β-TrCP recognizes IκBα phosphorylated at Ser-32 and Ser-36 through its WD40 domain, whereas the F-box motif recruits additional proteins including Skp1 and Cullin to form the Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex" SIGNOR-272554 LSM-20934 chemical CHEBI:109533 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258850 YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 14701738 t miannu "In order to address whether Gem binds specific isoforms of 14-3-3, we determined the coassociation of Gem and 14-3-3 in the neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y. 14-3-3ζ, -γ, -τ, and -β were observed to bind to Gem. 14-3-3-bound Gem has a twofold-longer half-life than nonbound Gem (Fig. ​(Fig.6).6). A similar increase in protein stability following 14-3-3 binding has been described for the Wee1 kinase" SIGNOR-261725 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser555 RALSNSVsNMGLSES 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249681 PTGER1 protein P34995 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257194 GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002320 21598020 t miannu "GATA-4 and MEF2C are known to bind to the GATA box 2 in the major promoter of CTNNA3 and this element is essential in directly regulating expression of CTNNA3 in cardiac muscle cells. The co-transfection of GATA-4 with MEF2C leads to a synergistic activation of the CTNNA3 promoter" SIGNOR-265815 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2M protein P61081 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271366 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr54 HTVEAVAyAPKKELI 9606 9461559 t llicata "Here we demonstrate that c-abl interacts constitutively with rad51. We show that c-abl phosphorylates rad51 on tyr-54 in vitro. The results also show that treatment of cells with ionizing radiation induces c-abl-dependent phosphorylation of rad51. Phosphorylation of rad51 by c-abl inhibits the binding of rad51 to dna and the function of rad51 in atp-dependent dna strand exchange reactions." SIGNOR-55482 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT PTGDS protein P41222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002605 15743775 f miannu "knock-down of Hes-1 mRNA by RNA interference significantly enhanced the L-PGDS mRNA level, indicating that the L-PGDS gene expression is repressed by the Notch-Hes signaling." SIGNOR-255424 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr160 QVPQQPTyVQALFDF 9606 BTO:0000007 20554525 t lperfetto "In our work we show that, in contrast to BCR-ABL and prolactin, NPM-ALK phosphorylates Grb2 mainly in Tyr160)Previous reports suggested an inhibitory role of Grb2 Tyr7, Tyr37, Tyr52, and Tyr209 phosphorylation in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling (16) (43). Instead, in our system Grb2 Tyr160 mutation was not show to have a role in ALCL proliferation." SIGNOR-247138 GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt." SIGNOR-252682 BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 11282024 t lperfetto "Bmp-4 and gdf-5 are known to bind to activin" SIGNOR-235376 RPL3L protein Q92901 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262494 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 9534 1545828 t miannu "Human c-Fos protein is phosphorylated in vitro by PKA. phosphorylation of Fos occurs at serine residue 362. Modification of the Fos protein by phosphorylation with PKA then allows it to act as a regulator of its own synthesis by downregulating fos gene expression at a transcriptional level" SIGNOR-250356 "Polycomb repressive complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C408 SIGNOR "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 25519132 t miannu "Mechanism of transcriptional activation. PRC1 can monoubiquitinate H2AK119 through its RING1B component. " SIGNOR-266815 NR1I3 protein Q14994 UNIPROT UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18172616 f miannu "This study indicates that hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha) bound to the proximal promoter motif not only enhances the basal reporter activity of UGT1A1, including the distal (-3570/-3180) and proximal (-165/-1) regions, but also influences the transcriptional regulation of UGT1A1 by CAR, PXR, GR, and AhR to markedly enhance reporter activities." SIGNOR-254438 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr182 IDQGDLMtPQFTPYY 9606 21666810 t fstefani "Like mk2, mk5 could be phosphorylated and activated by p38mapk and erk2 in vitro, but not by sapk?/Jnk3" SIGNOR-174076 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1403 CHKTKLKsILEILSK 9606 22099307 t lperfetto "Aurora-b mediated atm serine 1403 phosphorylation is required for mitotic atm activation and the spindle checkpoint" SIGNOR-177280 ERCC1 protein P07992 UNIPROT ERCC4/ERCC1 complex SIGNOR-C50 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16338413 t miannu "Human ercc1/xpf interaction domains reveals a complementary role for the two proteins in nucleotide excision repair." SIGNOR-142989 LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257212 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser303 DPDAKGLsDPGKIKR 9606 12740371 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that ampk directly phosphorylates hnf4 and represses its transcriptional activity. Ampk-mediated phosphorylation of hnf4 on serine 304 had a 2-fold effect" SIGNOR-216511 dactolisib chemical CHEBI:71952 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000848 21803746 t "ATP-competitive inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR" gcesareni "While the pi3k inhibitors, ly294002 or wortmannin, in the presence of plx4032 were individually inactive against pprm cell lines (fig. S4), the dual pi3k and mtorc1/2 inhibitor bez235 was highly specific (vs. parental lines) and potent in growth-inhibiting pprm cell lines" SIGNOR-175709 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000011 19593385 t lperfetto " In examining the requirements for different Akt-mediated phosphorylation sites on TSC2, we find that only TSC2 mutants lacking all five previously identified Akt sites fully block insulin-stimulated mTORC1 signaling in reconstituted Tsc2 null cells, and this mutant also inhibits adipogenesis" SIGNOR-235340 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT CACNA1A protein O00555 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15833863 f miannu "A second hypoxia-responsive factor, HIF-2, can activate many of the same genes as HIF-1. Ten genes were preferentially activated by HIF-2alpha, including two (CACNA1A and PTPRZ1) implicated in neurologic diseases." SIGNOR-264332 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1787 SPNYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269336 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT DNA-PK complex SIGNOR-C107 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17308091 t miannu "Complexes formed by interactions between Ku70, Ku80, and DNA-PKcs were well-established" SIGNOR-226026 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CACNA1S protein Q13698 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1575 PEICRTVsGDLAAEE -1 20937870 t miannu "To identify the regulatory sites of phosphorylation under physiologically relevant conditions, Ca(V)1.1 channels were purified from skeletal muscle and sites of phosphorylation on the α1 subunit were identified by mass spectrometry. Two phosphorylation sites were identified in the proximal C-terminal domain, serine 1575 (S1575) and threonine 1579 (T1579), which are conserved in cardiac Ca(V)1.2 channels (S1700 and T1704, respectively). In vitro phosphorylation revealed that Ca(V)1.1-S1575 is a substrate for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, whereas Ca(V)1.1-T1579 is a substrate for casein kinase 2." SIGNOR-263113 ADIPOQ protein Q15848 UNIPROT ADIPOR2 protein Q86V24 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12802337 t acerquone "Expression of adipor1/r2 or suppression of adipor1/r2 expression by small-interfering rna supports our conclusion that they serve as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin," SIGNOR-101809 AKAP5 protein P24588 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10116 10939335 t "In this report, we demonstrate that glutamate receptors and PKA are recruited into a macromolecular signaling complex through direct interaction between the MAGUK proteins, PSD-95 and SAP97, and AKAP79/150" SIGNOR-261292 "125-L-serine-2-133-interleukin 2 (human reduced)" smallmolecule SID:46508054 ChEBI IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18031103 t miannu "Aldesleukin (recombinant IL-2) has similar pharmacodynamic properties to endogenous IL-2 and, when administered to patients with cancer, stimulates the antitumour immune response." SIGNOR-259389 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL 9606 7529876 t llicata "We found that maximal kinase activity of fak immune complexes requires phosphorylation of both tyrosines 576 and 577. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of fak by src (or other src family kinases) is an important step in the formation of an active signaling complex." SIGNOR-27879 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT TGFA protein P01135 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 11517191 f "ER beta and ER alpha induced the expression of several endogenous genes such as pS2, TGF alpha, or the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 but, in contrast to ER alpha, ER beta was unable to regulate c-myc proto-oncogene expression" SIGNOR-253944 CRYBB2 protein P43320 UNIPROT Maintenance_of_lens_transparency phenotype SIGNOR-PH65 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16319073 f miannu "At high concentrations or in the lens, βB2-crystallin forms hetero-oligomers with other β-crystallins. These oligomeric β-crystallins further participate in the formation of a supramolecular assembly that is important in lens function-lens transparency." SIGNOR-252151 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f "inferred from family member" scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5‚Äô-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-y." SIGNOR-270241 NR5A2 protein O00482 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001555 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254870 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3Y1 protein P0DPK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkATAWQAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269614 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser191 HRFRRQLsEPCNSFP 9606 12213813 t lperfetto "Here we describe that the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1), a protein kinase downstream of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subclass of MAPKs, binds to ER81, phosphorylates it, and enhances ER81-dependent transcription. Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation." SIGNOR-249162 clobetasol chemical CHEBI:205919 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 26658258 t "Non-canonical SMO pathway" SimoneGraziosi "Two of the top ranking compounds, Halcinonide and Clobetasol, act as Smoothened (Smo) agonists to up-regulate myelin gene expression in the Oli-neuM cell line. " SIGNOR-269216 IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32283152 f miannu "The rapid replication of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice induces the delayed release of IFN-α/β, which is accompanied by the influx of many pathogenic inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The accumulated mononuclear macrophages receive activating signals through the IFN-α/β receptors on their surface and produce more monocyte chemoattractants (such as CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12), resulting in the further accumulation of mononuclear macrophages." SIGNOR-260851 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser281 WHKTTQMsAAGTYAW 9606 11053428 t gcesareni "These residues within the activation loop are critical for mlk-3 autophosphorylation and activation. In addition, when the thr277 and ser281 residues were mutated to negatively charged glutamic acid to mimic phosphorylated serine/threonine residues, the resulting mutants were fully functional, implying that these two residues may serve as the autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-83407 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT His-tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29155 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269531 CSRP3 protein P50461 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9234731 t 2 miannu "we found that nuclear MLP functions through a physical interaction with the muscle basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors MyoD, MRF4, and myogenin. we propose that it serves as a cofactor for the myogenic bHLH proteins by increasing their interaction with specific DNA regulatory elements." SIGNOR-241113 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AKAP13 protein Q12802 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2733 SVSPKRNsISRTHKD 9606 15383279 t llicata "Using a combination of biochemical, enzymatic, and immunofluorescence techniques, we show that the anchoring protein contributes to pkd activation in two ways: it recruits an upstream kinase pkceta and coordinates pka phosphorylation events that release activated protein kinase d. Thus, akap-lbc synchronizes pka and pkc activities in a manner that leads to the activation of a third kinase." SIGNOR-129345 PPBP protein P02775 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258413 MED19 protein A0JLT2 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266663 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 24150225 t Luana "MeCP2 binding enhances MET expression in the presence of the rs1858830 C allele, but MET transcription is attenuated by RTT-specific mutations in MeCP2" SIGNOR-264683 BRSK1 protein Q8TDC3 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR 9606 9543386 t lperfetto "Overexpression of hssad1 resulted in an increased phosphorylation of cdc25c on ser-216 in vivo.Phosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-56473 PITX1 protein P78337 UNIPROT POU1F1 protein P28069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8755540 t miannu "A novel OTX-related homeodomain transcription factor has been identified on the basis of its ability to interact with the transactivation domain of the pituitary-specific POU domain protein, Pit-1. P-OTX is able to independently activate and to synergize with Pit-1 on pituitary-specific target gene promoters." SIGNOR-219740 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser257 ESHPKPSsPRQESTR 10090 BTO:0000944 15060146 t miannu "Tel became phosphorylated by erk on two serine residues, ser213 and ser257, in the internal domain between the hlh and ets domains. Tel lost its abilities to repress transcription through the phosphorylation." SIGNOR-260087 CLASP2 protein O75122 UNIPROT CLIP2 protein Q9UDT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15631994 t lperfetto "CLIP-associating protein (CLASP) 1 and CLASP2 are mammalian microtubule (MT) plus-end binding proteins, which associate with CLIP-170 and CLIP-115.|We demonstrate that the middle part of CLASPs binds directly to EB1 and to MTs. | Both EB1- and cortex-binding domains of CLASP are required to promote MT stability." SIGNOR-265093 KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT KAT8 protein Q9H7Z6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15960975 t miannu "Mll1 and mof can form a stable complex in vivo / given that an interaction of dmof with msl1 through its zinc finger is essential for correct targeting of mof to the male x chromosome" SIGNOR-138245 carfilzomib chemical CHEBI:65347 ChEBI PSMB5 protein P28074 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000873 19348473 t Luana "Carfilzomib selectively inhibits the CT-L activity of the 20S proteasome and displays equivalent potency against β5 and LMP7 with minimal cross reactivity to other protease classes." SIGNOR-257818 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10090 15767683 t miannu "The mammalian circadian regulatory proteins PER1 and PER2 undergo a daily cycle of accumulation followed by phosphorylation and degradation. CKIepsilon-mediated phosphorylation of PER2 recruits the ubiquitin ligase adapter protein beta-TrCP to a specific site, and dominant negative beta-TrCP blocks phosphorylation-dependent degradation of mPER2. These results provide a biochemical mechanism and functional relevance for the observed phosphorylation-degradation cycle of mammalian PER2." SIGNOR-267995 MBTPS2 protein O43462 UNIPROT CREB3L1 protein Q96BA8 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 16417584 t miannu "Cleavage of oasis by site-1 and site-2 proteases / oasis is cleaved at the membrane under er stress conditions and that its cleaved n-terminal domain translocates into the nucleus;and then activates transcription of target genes" SIGNOR-143820 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20392592 f miannu "High ETS1 expression levels in all resistant MCF-7 sublines may lead to the upregulation of the transcription of MDR1 gene." SIGNOR-254077 BZW2 protein Q9Y6E2 UNIPROT EIF3A protein Q14152 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31643092 t miannu "BZW2, as an evolutionary highly conserved protein, interacts with eIF2 and eIF3 and promotes ternary complex formation in vitro" SIGNOR-261221 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNFT2 protein Q96EX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271263 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "prostaglandin H2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57405 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 7592599 t Luana "[14C]Arachidonate metabolism by oPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2 was examined in reactions with a series of GSP/Cox ratios (Fig. 3). The principal metabolite for both isoforms was the endoperoxide PGH2, with lesser amounts of PGF2a, PGE2, PGD2," SIGNOR-269776 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 18593525 t gcesareni "The increases in the membrane levels of nacholeate itself and of dag induce a translocation and overexpression of protein kinase c (pkc) and subsequent reductions of cyclin d, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (cdks 4 and 6), hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, inhibition of e2f1 and knockdown of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) impairing dna synthesis." SIGNOR-179279 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22395773 t FFerrentino "In differentiated adipocyte cell lines, SIRT1 inhibits adipogenesis and enhances fat mobilization through lipolysis by suppressing the activity of PPARγ. SIRT1 achieves this by promoting the assembly of a corepressor complex, involving NCoR1 and SMRT, on the promoters of PPARγ target genes to repress their transcription." SIGNOR-253506 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10594021 f gcesareni "Here we show that shp inhibits transactivation by the orphan receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (hnf-4) and the retinoid x receptor (rxr) by at least two mechanisms shp also competes with coactivators for binding to ligand-activated rxr, and based on the ligand-dependent interaction with other nuclear receptors, it is likely that coactivator competition is a general feature of shp-mediated repression." SIGNOR-73032 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr100 FDKDGNGyISAAELR 9606 3415247 t miannu "The in vitro phosphorylation of calmodulin by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylated calmodulin does not exhibit the characteristic ca2+ shift normally observed with calmodulin in electrophoretic gels, an observation that is consistent with this modification affecting the biological activity of the molecule." SIGNOR-266336 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002580 34902205 t lperfetto "RUNX1 transactivates BCR-ABL1 expression in Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia." SIGNOR-272145 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 17283133 f gcesareni "In normal primary endometrial epithelial cells (eecs), tgfbeta directly induced a dose-dependent increase in p27 protein levels and its nuclear localization" SIGNOR-152945 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT ZBTB4 protein Q9P1Z0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr797 ERPGGTPtPVIAYSK -1 19448668 t miannu "The human protein kinase HIPK2 phosphorylates and downregulates the methyl-binding transcription factor ZBTB4." SIGNOR-262881 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT OCLN protein Q16625 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser408 DYTTGGEsCDELEED 9606 BTO:0002043 12804768 t llicata "Mutagenesis of serine 407 to alanine resulted in reduced ability of the kinase to phosphorylate occludin. The threonine 403 to alanine mutant had a smaller effect but the double mutant (T403/S407A) was even less phosphorylated than either of the single mutants. These data are consistent with the claim that CK2 is the kinase in brain extracts responsible for phosphorylation of occludin." SIGNOR-251079 MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10347227 f gcesareni "However, the autocatalytic activities of both mkk6 and mkk7 were enhanced by their coexpression with either mekk3 or mekk2." SIGNOR-68020 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT ARHGAP32 protein A7KAX9 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12446789 t gcesareni "Grit translocation was regulated by receptor stimulation" SIGNOR-95809 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR SERPINA3 protein P01011 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002600 11027208 f miannu "We characterize a molecular mechanism responsible for both IL-1 and TNF-induced expression of ACT gene in astrocytes. We identify the 5' distal IL-1/TNF-responsive enhancer of the ACT gene located 13 kb upstream of the transcription start site. This 413-bp-long enhancer contains three elements, two of which bind nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and one that binds activating protein 1 (AP-1). All of these elements contribute to the full responsiveness of the ACT gene to both cytokines, as determined by deletion and mutational analysis. The 5' NF-kB high-affinity binding site and AP-1 element contribute most to the enhancement of gene transcription in response to TNF and IL-1." SIGNOR-254805 BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT BHLHE41 protein Q9C0J9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 14672706 f lperfetto "Forced expression of Clock/Bmal increased endogenous Dec1 mRNA level, and overexpression of Dec1 resulted in suppression of Dec2, Per2, and Dbp expression" SIGNOR-253716 INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12421919 t gcesareni "Two inositol phosphatases implicated in the degradation of PI(3, 4, 5)P3, namely the 5_ phosphatase Src homology 2 domain containing inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (SHIP) and the 3_ phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten" SIGNOR-252428 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 9687510 t lperfetto "Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (msk1) is directly activated by mapk and sapk2/p38,." SIGNOR-59454 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr141 EDEAKFPtMNRRGAI 9606 19366211 t llicata "This study identifies novel in vitro pkcdelta autophosphorylation sites at thr(141) adjacent to the pseudosubstrate domain, thr(218) in the c1a-c1b interdomain, ser(295), ser(302), and ser(304) in the hinge region, and ser(503) adjacent to thr(505) in the activation loop. a t141d substitution markedly increases basal lipid-independent pkcdelta activity;" SIGNOR-185279 "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263808 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SCNN1B protein P51168 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr615 QALPIPGtPPPNYDS -1 11805112 t lperfetto "Using a number of different approaches it was demonstrated that the protein kinase acting on betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 is the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). It is suggested that an ERK-mediated phosphorylation of betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 down-regulates the channel by facilitating its interaction with Nedd4." SIGNOR-249447 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 ACTNFMMtPYVVTRY 9606 BTO:0000007 17761173 t lperfetto "We next examined whether the phosphorylation of JNK at threonine 183 (Thr183) and tyrosine 185 (Tyr185) was enhanced by GRASP‐1 expression. Phosphorylation of Thr183 and Tyr185 by SEK1/MKK4, which is in turn phosphorylated and activated by several kinases including MEKK1, is known to activate JNK1/2/3" SIGNOR-260615 oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31810556 t scontino "While peptides loaded onto MHC class I molecules are 8‚Äì11 amino acid residues long (a restriction based on the size and conformation of the peptide-binding groove of MHC class I molecules), peptides translocated by TAP can be significantly longer. These peptides will be trimmed to the correct length by ERAP-1." SIGNOR-267770 4-[4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthalenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine chemical CHEBI:91442 ChEBI TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207287 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 11884598 t gcesareni "Convergence of multiple signaling cascades at glycogen synthase kinase 3: edg receptor-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation by lysophosphatidic acid through a protein kinase c-dependent intracellular pathway." SIGNOR-115722 2,5-dichloro-N-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:125569 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001950 27489280 t lperfetto "We performed reporter assays to examine the effect of NeoB on the transcriptional activity of specific nuclear hormone receptors, including PPARs, retinoic acid receptor (RAR), ER, and LXR, in uninfected Huh7-25 cells (Fig. 3A). NeoB did not have a significant effect [...] in contrast to the transcriptional repression by known antagonists as positive controls (GW6471, GSK0660, FH535, Ro41-5253, and 4-hydroxytamoxifen) (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-262015 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT LIG1 protein P18858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser76 EEEDEALsPAKGQKP 9606 BTO:0000567 12851383 t lperfetto "We show that three residues (ser51, ser76, and ser91), which are part of cyclin-dependent kinase sites, are phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner." SIGNOR-103250 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RFFL protein Q8WZ73 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270955 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7 sSSSYRRM -1 2500966 t miannu "Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65. Domain- and sequence-specific phosphorylation of vimentin induces disassembly of the filament structure." SIGNOR-250071 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser78 ANPSPPPsPSQQINL 9606 11254654 t lperfetto "Bmk1 mediates growth factor-induced cell proliferation through direct cellular activation of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinasebmk1 activates sgk by phosphorylation at serine 78." SIGNOR-105728 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT VCL protein P18206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr822 KSFLDSGyRILGAVA -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254731 ERO1A protein Q96HE7 UNIPROT ERP44 protein Q9BS26 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11847130 t Simone "Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel UPR-induced ER resident protein (ERp44) that forms mixed disulfides with both hEROs, as well as with partially unfolded Ig subunits." SIGNOR-261049 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr739 SEGSGTAtPSALITT 9606 11904305 t gcesareni "Here we show that p42/p44 mapk directly phosphorylates sp1 on threonines 453 and 739 both in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of these sites to alanines decreases by half the mapk-dependent transcriptional activity of sp1. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylate sp1 on serine 59 and regulate cellular senescence via transcription of p21sdi1/cip1/waf1." SIGNOR-116166 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr753 ERDINSLyDVSRMYV 9606 12181444 t gcesareni "In vitro phosphorylation experiments with recombinant plcgamma2 and recombinant lck, fyn, and lyn tyrosine kinases showed that phosphorylation of plcgamma2 led to activation of the recombinant enzyme." SIGNOR-91473 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 27476001 f miannu "DAB2IP destabilizes HIF1Œ± protein to inhibit EMT in PCa cells. DAB2IP may destabilize HIF1Œ± protein in PCa cells via an ubiquitin-proteasome system." SIGNOR-254765 HRH3 protein Q9Y5N1 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256832 NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT NR2E3 protein Q9Y5X4 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15190009 f gcesareni "Our results show that nr1d1 (rev-erb?) Also functions as a transcriptional activator of rod genes in the presence of nr2e3" SIGNOR-125658 SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 25624485 t "Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity." gcesareni "Because the KRAS-GDP to KRAS-GTP transition catalyzed by the GEF, son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), represents the rate-limiting step for nucleotide exchange, disrupting the activating SOS1/KRAS protein interaction has also been the focus of drug development efforts" SIGNOR-141647 NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" s-nitrosylation 10090 BTO:0001103 19047631 t gcesareni "we found that restoration of NO signaling in vivo, by adenoviral-mediated expression of a constitutively active endothelial NOS mutant in MDX muscles, and in vitro, by exposing MDX-derived satellite cells to NO donors, resulted in HDAC2 blockade by cysteine S-nitrosylation" SIGNOR-236919 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT ST3GAL3 protein Q11203 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22547830 f "We provide evidence that ST3GAL1/3/4 and FUT3 are transcriptionally up-regulated by c-Myc with probable involvement of Ser62 phosphorylation, and that FUT2 is transcriptionally down-regulated through the attenuation of CDX2." SIGNOR-253962 OPRL1 protein P41146 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257001 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr508 PDRKKRYtVVGNPYW 9606 10652353 t lperfetto "Rho-associated kinase rock activates lim-kinase 1 by phosphorylation at threonine 508 within the activation loop." SIGNOR-74569 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29185 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270403 SRP19 protein P09132 UNIPROT SRP72 protein O76094 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 30649418 t miannu "Mammalian SRP comprises the highly base-paired SRP RNA (also referred to as 7SL RNA) of ∼300 nt and six proteins (SRP9, SRP14, SRP19, SRP54, SRP68 and SRP72) (Figure ​(Figure1A).1A). The hierarchy of protein addition always starts with the scaffolding protein SRP19 (together with SRP9/14 for the entire SRP) followed by SRP68/72 and finally by SRP54." SIGNOR-261166 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT GFER protein P55789 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 18513187 f miannu "We also confirmed that activation and repression of hHSS transcription induced by Sp1 and HNF4alpha resulted from binding of these factors to these two cis-elements respectively. Overexpression of HNF4alpha led to a dramatic repression of the promoter activity and, in contrast, the activity was markedly elevated by overexpression of Sp1." SIGNOR-254450 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT RASGRP1 protein O95267 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18396012 f miannu "We demonstrate that E2F1 induces ERK activation via a transcriptional mechanism and upregulates the expression of two guanine nucleotide exchange factors, RASGRP1 and RASGEF1B, which promote Ras activation." SIGNOR-253850 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT HMGCS2 protein P54868 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" Lys310 PFCKMVQkSLARLMF 9606 BTO:0000007 24315375 t desuccinylation lperfetto "We demonstrate that SIRT5 regu-lates succinylation of the rate-limiting ketogenicenzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2(HMGCS2) both in vivo and in vitro.|Succinylation of Lysine Residues within the SubstrateBinding Pocket Inhibits HMGCS2 Activity|Here, we use a label-freequantitative proteomic approach to characterizethe lysine succinylome in liver mitochondria and itsregulation by the desuccinylase SIRT5" SIGNOR-267642 "CID 132010322" chemical CID:132010322 PUBCHEM BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 31969702 t Luana "ABBV-744 potently inhibited the BD2 domain of BET family proteins with more than 290× selectivity relative to the BD1 domains of BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4" SIGNOR-261103 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271582 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7618106 t lperfetto "The tcf protein elk-1 is phosphorylated by the jnk and erk groups of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases causing increased dna binding, ternary complex formation, and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-252081 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 19182791 t miannu "Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which represses transcription by deacetylating histones, was newly isolated as a Chfr-interacting protein. Chfr binds and downregulates HDAC1 by inducing its polyubiquitylation, both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results suggest that the ubiquitin ligase activity of Chfr targets HDAC1 for degradation." SIGNOR-271465 TFPT protein P0C1Z6 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270857 "pemetrexed disodium" chemical CHEBI:63722 ChEBI TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 14596699 t miannu "Thymidylate synthase, the primary target of pemetrexed,9 is a fo-late-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of deoxyuri-dine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate. Inhibi-tion of TS results in decreased levels of thymidine, which is necessary for DNA synthesis. In addition to TS, pemetrexed inhibits DHFR, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (AICARFT), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT)." SIGNOR-259289 MKRN1 protein Q9UHC7 UNIPROT PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31640799 t miannu "We show that MKRN1 directly binds to the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC1) and associates with polysomes. MKRN1 is positioned upstream of poly(A) tails in mRNAs in a PABPC1-dependent manner. Ubiquitin remnant profiling and in vitro ubiquitylation assays uncover PABPC1 and ribosomal protein RPS10 as direct ubiquitylation substrates of MKRN1.Our data show that MKRN1 associates with polysomes and ubiquitylates RPS10, indicating a role in translational control. We hypothesize that ribosomes encountering the MKRN1-PABPC1 complex are stalled, possibly via ubiquitylation of RPS10 on K107 and other MKRN1 substrates." SIGNOR-272215 ixabepilone chemical CHEBI:63605 ChEBI Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 18945860 t miannu "Ixabepilone, the first drug in a new class of microtubule-stabilizing agents called epothilones, offers a new treatment option for patients with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer who are refractory to standard chemotherapy." SIGNOR-259450 POLR2M protein Q6EEV4 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266175 P2RY13 protein Q9BPV8 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257299 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RANGAP1 protein P46060 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser442 STFLAFPsPEKLLRL 9606 SIGNOR-C17 15037602 t lperfetto "Here, we show that rangap1 is phosphorylated on residues t409, s428, and s442. Phosphorylation occurs before nuclear envelope breakdown and is maintained throughout mitosis . Alternatively, phosphorylated rangap1 may recruit specific sumo target proteins to ranbp2's catalytic domain." SIGNOR-123520 BAG6 protein P46379 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 21726808 t lperfetto "These results indicate that BAT3 and P300 can both exist in the PEPCK1 protein complex, suggesting the possibility that BAT3 could be an enhancer of PEPCK1 acetylation. | indicating a synergistic effect of BAT3 and P300 to promote PEPCK1 acetylation." SIGNOR-267598 "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269020 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "Neogenin, a transmembranous protein, was re-ported to regulate bmp receptor association with lipid raft, where bmp induces canonical smad1/5/8 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-195564 methylnaltrexone chemical CHEBI:136007 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258148 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 BTO:0000093 22975381 t lperfetto "P38 regulates p53, but also in p53-defective tumor cells rewire their checkpoint response and become dependent in the p38/mk2 pathway in mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-192057 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT unknown methylation Lys80 REIAQDFkTDLRFQS 9606 12123582 t miannu "HDOT1L Is a Nucleosomal H3-K79-Specific HMTase. We identified a human DOT1-like (DOT1L) protein and demonstrated that this protein possesses intrinsic H3-K79-specific histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that K79 methylation level is regulated throughout the cell cycle. By using two different methods, we demonstrate that the K79 methylation level decreases during S phase, reaches its lowest level in G2, increases during M phase, and maintains at a high level during G1 phase." SIGNOR-267143 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT INS protein P01308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000120 12783165 f miannu "In the heterologous cell line BHK-21, Pdx1 inhibited by 60 to 80% the activation of the alpha-cell specific element G1 conferred by Pax-6 and/or Cdx-2/3. Although Pdx1 could bind three AT-rich motifs within G1, two of which are binding sites for Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3, the affinity of Pdx1 for G1 was much lower as compared to Pax-6. In addition, Pdx1 inhibited Pax-6 mediated activation through G3, to which Pdx1 was unable to bind. Moreover, a mutation impairing DNA binding of Pdx1 had no effect on its inhibition on Cdx-2/3. Since Pdx1 interacts directly with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3 forming heterodimers, we suggest that Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene transcription through protein to protein interactions with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3." SIGNOR-254906 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT FOXF1 protein Q12946 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005738 23034409 f miannu "we propose that chromatin looping between SDR and FOXF1 allows GLI2 to increase FOXF1 activity specifically in lung endothelium." SIGNOR-254216 MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 21673106 t gcesareni "A coactivator of srf, myocd, interacts with srf and activates vsmc expression of contractile genes." SIGNOR-174322 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 22944199 t lperfetto "Non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway has also been implicated in multiple functions including cell adhesion and cell movements during gastrulation. In this signaling cascade, binding of Wnt to the Fzd receptor leads to the release of intracellular Ca2+, a process which is mediated through heterotrimeric G proteins, PLC (phospholipase C) and CamKII (calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinae II) as well as PKC (protein kinase C). The increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration also activates the calcineurin phosphatase, leading to activation of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell)." SIGNOR-198819 Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11376933 t miannu "To date, ten different mammalian isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC) have been cloned and characterized. Each isoform has its own distinct tissue distribution and regulatory properties, providing possibilities for different cells to respond diversely to similar stimuli. The product of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by ACs, cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been shown to play a crucial role for a variety of fundamental physiological cell functions ranging from cell growth and differentiation, to transcriptional regulation and apoptosis." SIGNOR-267844 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine chemical CHEBI:57643 ChEBI 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine chemical CHEBI:58168 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272768 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28599312 t Gianni "Cullin3 SPOP ubiquitin E3 ligase promotes the poly-ubiquitination and degradation of HDAC6" SIGNOR-268862 2-(2-chloro-4-iodoanilino)-N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3,4-difluorobenzamide chemical CHEBI:91353 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck lperfetto SIGNOR-244854 POLR1H protein Q9P1U0 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16373708 f miannu "ZNRD1 could significantly up-regulate the expression of P-gp, Bcl-2, and the transcription of the MDR1 gene but not alter the expression of MDR-associated protein, glutathione S-transferase activity, or intracellular glutathione content in leukemia cells." SIGNOR-259907 MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 10652271 t gcesareni "We also demonstrate that mmp-9, as well as its relative, mmp-2, cleave latent transforming growth factor-_ (tgf-_), which constitutes a novel mechanism of tgf-_ activation." SIGNOR-74461 "precursor messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:139356 ChEBI "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19224921 t lperfetto "Because only mRNA molecules that have been correctly spliced, capped at the 5′ extremity, and processed at the 3′ extremity can be used as templates for translation, processing of mRNA precursors plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. 3′ processing of pre-mRNAs comprises two steps (reviewed in Ref. 4): cleavage and polyadenylation." SIGNOR-268314 5-azacytidine chemical CHEBI:2038 ChEBI DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 14585280 t miannu "Both Azacitidine and Decitabine may also exert antitumor activity through induction of DNA hypomethylation, by forming a covalent complex with the major DNA methyltransferase (now termed DNMT1).Azacitidine and Decitabine effectively deplete the cell of functional DNA methylating activity, which results in profound hypomethylation after several rounds of DNA replication (Fig. 2). DNMT1 is considered a bona fide anticancer target at different levels" SIGNOR-259293 apraclonidine chemical CHEBI:2788 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 8784451 t miannu "we describe full details of our studies with 2-[(5-methylbenz-1-ox-4-azin-6-yl)imino]imidazoline (AGN 193080, 3), a potent, selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist that does not cross the blood−brain barrier." SIGNOR-258497 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269629 LY96 protein Q9Y6Y9 UNIPROT HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000801 25559892 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that the extracellular TLR4 adaptor, myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2), binds specifically to the cytokine-inducing disulfide isoform of HMGB1, to the exclusion of other isoforms. Using MD-2-deficient mice, as well as MD-2 silencing in macrophages, we show a requirement for HMGB1-dependent TLR4 signaling." SIGNOR-252058 CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT NADP(+) smallmolecule CHEBI:18009 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR." SIGNOR-264247 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI FRK protein P42685 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259207 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3." SIGNOR-270142 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0004175 27773928 f miannu "We have also shown that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b is crucial for activation of the p53 pathway through ubiquitinating and promoting degradation of Siva1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting ARF, a positive regulator of p53. On the basis of our data presented in the study, we propose the model (Figure 2i) that Cbl-b negatively regulates Siva1 by ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Siva1, which is followed by stabilization of ARF. This in turn downregulates MDM2, thereby promoting the induction of p53 and activation of its downstream targets." SIGNOR-261320 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser198 SDELMEFsLKDQEAK 9606 14968113 t lperfetto "Cdc25c phosphorylation on serine 191 by plk3 promotes its nuclear translocation" SIGNOR-122094 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT FHOD1 protein Q9Y613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1131 AARERKRsRGNRKSL 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 15051728 t lperfetto "Pkgi also directly phosphorylates fhod1, and studies with wild-type and mutant fhod1-derived peptides identify ser-1131 in the fhod1 c terminus as the unique pkgi phosphorylation site in fhod1. phosphorylation of three conserved residues within the dad domain activates fhod1 while binding to rac regulates fhod1 subcellular localization" SIGNOR-123646 PRRX1 protein P54821 UNIPROT MAFG protein O15525 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221961 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11742985 t miannu "Intact tyrosine kinase-binding and RING finger domains of Cbl were found to be essential for Syk ubiquitylation in 293T cells and for in vitro Syk ubiquitylation. Altogether, our results support an essential role for Cbl ubiquitin ligase activity in the negative regulation of Syk, and establish that ubiquitylation provides a mechanism of Cbl-mediated negative regulation of cytoplasmic targets." SIGNOR-272620 NR2E3 protein Q9Y5X4 UNIPROT NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15190009 t gcesareni "All four proteins, nr2e3, nr1d1, nrl and crx, could be co-immunoprecipitated from the bovine retinal nuclear extract, suggesting their existence in a multi-protein transcriptional regulatory complex in vivo." SIGNOR-125661 fumarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29806 ChEBI Citric_Acid_Cycle phenotype SIGNOR-PH191 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30090811 f miannu "Fumarase is a TCA cycle enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to L-malate in the mitochondria. Upon DNA damage the cytosolic echoform of fumarase is localized to the nucleus, there, its enzymatic activity catalyzes the reverse conversion of malate to fumarate, so causing local accumulation of fumarate." SIGNOR-267989 CYFIP1 protein Q7L576 UNIPROT "WAVE complex" complex SIGNOR-C271 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15070726 t lperfetto "Here we purify Wave-2 from HeLa cells. Five proteins, Sra, Nap, Wave-2, Abi, and Hspc, are copurified, indicating that they form a tight complex. " SIGNOR-261873 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr86 ARPLVEFyEEIKKYE 9606 BTO:0000007 16725308 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that c-Src kinase activity increases the interaction between GRK2 and Galphaq. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2 appears to be critically involved in the modulation of this interaction since the stimulatory effect of c-Src is not observed with a GRK2 mutant with impaired tyrosine phosphorylation (GRK2 Y13,86,92F), whereas a mutant that mimics GRK2 tyrosine phosphorylation in these residues displays an increased interaction with Galphaq. " SIGNOR-266306 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258373 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 9535909 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "These studies confirm that connexin-43 is a MAP kinase substrate in vivo and that phosphorylation on Ser255, Ser279, and/or Ser282 initiates the down-regulation of gap junctional communication. Studies with connexin-43 mutants suggest that MAP kinase phosphorylation at one or more of the tandem Ser279/Ser282 sites is sufficient to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication." SIGNOR-270148 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser272 CSLERQLsLEQEVQQ 9606 BTO:0000567 18978352 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serine 271 on 5-lipoxygenase and its role in nuclear export|We report here that 5-LO is constitutively phosphorylated on Ser-271 in transfected NIH 3T3 cells. This residue is nested in a classical nuclear export sequence, and phosphorylated Ser-271 5-LO was exclusively found in the nucleus by immunofluorescence and by fractionation techniques|Nuclear export of 5-LO can also be induced by KN-93, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, and the effects of SB 203,580 plus KN-93 are additive. Finally, HeLa cells, which lack nuclear 5-LO, also lack constitutive phosphorylation of Ser-271. Taken together, these results indicate that the phosphorylation of Ser-271 serves to inhibit the nuclear export of 5-LO." SIGNOR-264408 TPH2 protein Q8IWU9 UNIPROT 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:17780 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "In serotonergic neurons Trp serves as the precursor for 5-HT. The 5-HT metabolic pathway is initiated by Trp being hydroxylated to the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to become 5-HT|Thus, the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of 5-HT is the hydroxylation of Trp which is catalyzed by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) (Figure 1). This enzyme is specific for 5-HT producing cells, however, it is present in two different isoforms, TPH1 and TPH2 [reviewed in (22, 23)]." SIGNOR-264012 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9003778 f gcesareni "The kinase-inactive mlk-3 failed to activate sapk, demonstraiting that mlk-3 catalytic activity is necessary for the induction of the sapk pathway." SIGNOR-45791 MYO10 protein Q9HD67 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0000938 17237772 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence for the involvement of the unconventional myosin X (Myo X) in netrin-1 function. We find that Myo X interacts with the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and neogenin, a DCC-related protein. Expression of Myo X redistributes DCC to the cell periphery or to the tips of neurites, whereas its silencing prevents DCC distribution in neurites. Moreover, expression of DCC, but not neogenin, stimulates Myo X-mediated formation and elongation of filopodia, suggesting that Myo X function may be differentially regulated by DCC and neogenin." SIGNOR-268282 DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-268824 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr170 LHSEPPVyANLSNFN 9606 10637231 t gcesareni "After phosphorylation of c-Jun by Abl on Tyr170, both proteins interacted via the SH2 domain of Abl" SIGNOR-245370 STK33 protein Q9BYT3 UNIPROT HPD protein P32754 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr382 QNLRGNLtNMETNGV 10090 BTO:0003036 31537781 t lperfetto "Decreased expression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPD), a key enzyme for tyrosine metabolism, is a cause of human tyrosinemia. However, the regulation of HPD expression remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that molecular chaperone TTC36, which is highly expressed in liver, is associated with HPD and reduces the binding of protein kinase STK33 to HPD, thereby inhibiting STK33-mediated HPD T382 phosphorylation. The reduction of HPD T382 phosphorylation results in impaired recruitment of FHA domain-containing PELI1 and PELI1-mediated HPD polyubiquitylation and degradation." SIGNOR-272958 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT KIF13B protein Q9NQT8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1381 KLSRRSIsSPNVNRL 9534 BTO:0000298 20194617 t miannu "We report here the identification of GAKIN/KIF13B as a novel in vivo substrate for Par1b and present evidence that GAKIN/KIF13B plays a critical role in axon formation in neurons, which is negatively regulated by Par1b-mediated phosphorylation. Par1b phosphorylates GAKIN/KIF13B at both Ser1381 and Ser1410." SIGNOR-262955 CRLS1 protein Q9UJA2 UNIPROT cardiolipin smallmolecule CHEBI:28494 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 10090 16678169 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin is synthesized from cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, a process catalyzed by the enzyme cardiolipin synthase." SIGNOR-267028 RFFL protein Q8WZ73 UNIPROT PRR5L protein Q6MZQ0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22609986 t miannu "RFFL is an E3 ligase for PRR5L." SIGNOR-271495 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 SIGNOR-C110 19303846 t gcesareni "DISC1 inhibits GSK3beta activity through direct physical interaction, which reduces beta-catenin phosphorylation and stabilizes beta-catenin." SIGNOR-184789 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 MPMDTSVyESPYSDP 9606 BTO:0000661 11828374 t lperfetto "We show here that Tyr315 and Tyr319 in the interdomain B of ZAP-70 are autophosphorylated in vitro and become phosphorylated in vivo upon TCR triggering. Moreover, by mutational analysis, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr319 is required for the positive regulation of ZAP-70 function." SIGNOR-247048 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser50 RNRYRDVsPFDHSRI 10090 BTO:0000944 11579209 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ptp1b at ser(50) by akt impairs its ability to dephosphorylate the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-235411 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257520 HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT ZFY protein P08048 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 17174306 f lperfetto "In the present study, we show that hnRNP-U specifically enhances the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA by increasing its stability, possibly through binding to the 3' untranslated region. We also show that hnRNP-U enhances the expression of several other genes as well, including GADD45A, HEXIM1, HOXA2, IER3, NHLH2, and ZFY, by binding to and stabilizing these mRNAs." SIGNOR-262287 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-267529 clobetasol chemical CHEBI:205919 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 20439738 t gcesareni "We identified four FDA-approved drugs, halcinonide, fluticasone, clobetasol, and fluocinonide, as Smo agonists that activate Hedgehog signaling." SIGNOR-248212 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 TQSKPVSsPFPTKPL 9606 19767751 t llicata "Erk phosphorylates nup50 at ser221 and ser315 phosphorylation of nup50 reduces affinity for importin-beta" SIGNOR-187378 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT STAMBP protein O95630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser245 KPGALSNsESIPTID 9534 BTO:0000298 11483516 t llicata "BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads." SIGNOR-250598 FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9743501 f gcesareni "Fas activation induced daxx to interact with ask1" SIGNOR-60167 PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 ubiquitination:Lys209 VAKVDDPkLANSEFL 26344566 t "Specificity for autophagy of peroxisomes (pexophagy) is provided by ATM phosphorylation of PEX5 at Ser 141, which promotes PEX5 monoubiquitylation at Lys 209, and recognition of ubiquitylated PEX5 by the autophagy adaptor protein p62, directing the autophagosome to peroxisomes to induce pexophagy. " SIGNOR-262793 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19426560 t amattioni "Crk can interact directly with tyrosine kinase receptors and can transmit signals downstream" SIGNOR-185667 GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 14668344 t gcesareni "Expression of the g__ sequestrant, _-transducin, inhibits both ras activation and membrane translocation of _-arrestin1, suggesting that g__ dimers from g_i2 and g_q activate different effectors to coordinately regulate the pi 3-kinase/akt pathway. , these data indicate that _-thrombin stimulates rapid pi 3-kinase activity and akt phosphorylation by the g__ dimers released from a ptx-sensitive g protein." SIGNOR-252680 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT DCT protein P40126 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22371403 f miannu "MITF transcription factor regulates melanogenesis by activation of tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2 transcription." SIGNOR-254592 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000670;BTO:0000738 30283340 f miannu "Overexpression of MYCT1 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia HL-60 and KG-1a Cells in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-261728 TTC36 protein A6NLP5 UNIPROT HPD protein P32754 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0003036 31537781 t lperfetto "Decreased expression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPD), a key enzyme for tyrosine metabolism, is a cause of human tyrosinemia. However, the regulation of HPD expression remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that molecular chaperone TTC36, which is highly expressed in liver, is associated with HPD and reduces the binding of protein kinase STK33 to HPD, thereby inhibiting STK33-mediated HPD T382 phosphorylation. The reduction of HPD T382 phosphorylation results in impaired recruitment of FHA domain-containing PELI1 and PELI1-mediated HPD polyubiquitylation and degradation." SIGNOR-272960 PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2–ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark." SIGNOR-264520 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT unknown methylation Lys80 REIAQDFkTDLRFQS 9606 12123582 t miannu "HDOT1L Is a Nucleosomal H3-K79-Specific HMTase. We identified a human DOT1-like (DOT1L) protein and demonstrated that this protein possesses intrinsic H3-K79-specific histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that K79 methylation level is regulated throughout the cell cycle. By using two different methods, we demonstrate that the K79 methylation level decreases during S phase, reaches its lowest level in G2, increases during M phase, and maintains at a high level during G1 phase." SIGNOR-267142 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr735 DTEWRSVtLPRDLQS 9606 18794806 t lperfetto "Ttk phosphorylation of thr735 was associated with partial inhibition of nuclear targeting of c-abl." SIGNOR-181064 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT CCNT1 protein O60563 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 15546612 t gcesareni "Cycc:cdk8 and cyct1:cdk9/p-tefb are recruited with notch and associated coactivators (mam, skip) to the hes1 promoter in signaling cells." SIGNOR-130712 MTA2 protein O94776 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263841 ANKLE2 protein Q86XL3 UNIPROT VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 22770216 f miannu "Lem4 inhibits the activity of baf's kinase vrk-1 during mitotic exit" SIGNOR-198103 TOMM22 protein Q9NS69 UNIPROT "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18331822 t lperfetto "The fungal preprotein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex) comprises import receptors Tom70, Tom20, and Tom22, import channel Tom40, and small Tom proteins Tom5, Tom6, and Tom7, which regulate TOM complex assembly. These components are conserved in mammals; unlike the other components, however, Tom5 and Tom6 remain unidentified in mammals. We immuno-isolated the TOM complex from HeLa cells expressing hTom22-FLAG and identified the human counterparts of Tom5 and Tom6, together with the other components including Tom7. These small Tom proteins are associated with Tom40 in the TOM complex." SIGNOR-267679 6 protein P0DTC6 UNIPROT KPNA2 protein P52292 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 32979938 t miannu "The results from Figure 1C suggest that ORF6 inhibits IFN-β production through IRF3 or a component downstream of IRF3. Thus, we examined the effect of ORF6 on IRF3 nuclear translocation. Upon poly(I:C) treatment, IRF3 translocated to the cell nucleus in the absence of ORF6, whereas the expression of ORF6 blocked its nuclear translocation (Figure 2D). Karyopherin α 1–6 (KPNA1–6) are importing factors for nuclear translocation of cargos, including IRF3, IRF7, and STAT1 (Chook and Blobel, 2001). Co-immunoprecipitation showed that ORF6 selectively interacted with KPNA2, but not the other KPNAs (Figure 2E), suggesting that ORF6 inhibits IFN-β production by binding to KPNA2 to block IRF3 nuclear translocation (Figure 2F)." SIGNOR-262513 ORF6 protein Q19QW5 UNIPROT KPNA2 protein P52292 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 17596301 t lperfetto "Taken together, these data support a direct interaction between KPNA2 and ORF6 in the context of virus infection.|SARS-CoV, but not SARSdeltaORF6, retains KPNA2 at the ER/Golgi membrane." SIGNOR-260272 NUP205 protein Q92621 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262083 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000938 9346240 f lperfetto "Growth factors can promote cell survival by activating the phosphatidylinositide-3'-OH kinase and its downstream target, the serine-threonine kinase Akt" SIGNOR-252708 HSPG2 protein P98160 UNIPROT PTPRS protein Q13332 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11865065 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that cptpsigma is a heparin-binding protein and that its basal lamina ligands include the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs) agrin and collagen xviii." SIGNOR-115246 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT RAB11FIP5 protein Q9BXF6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser307 FTHKRTYsDEANQMR 10090 BTO:0000142 22445341 t miannu "We identified 5 potential NDR1 substrates in the mouse brain and chose two for functional validation. We show that one NDR1 substrate is another kinase, AP-2 associated kinase-1 (AAK1) which regulates dendritic branching as a result of NDR1 phosphorylation. Another substrate is the Rab8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rabin8 (a Sec2p homolog) which we find is involved in spine synapse formation." SIGNOR-263035 HOPX protein Q9BPY8 UNIPROT FLG protein P20930 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 21256618 f miannu "In the present study, we performed transcriptional profiling of cultured primary human keratinocytes and noted a robust induction of HOP upon calcium-induced cell differentiation. Overexpression of HOP using a lentiviral vector up-regulated FLG and LOR expression during keratinocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-254463 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000763 20660310 f Luana "Beta-catenin/CBP-driven transcription is critical for maintenance of an undifferentiated/proliferative state" SIGNOR-261288 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser171 PLCLSPAsSGSSASF 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248679 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1619 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-119992 SYP protein P08247 UNIPROT VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 17331077 t miannu "Synaptophysin I interacts with VAMP2 and controls its subcellular distribution. On the SV membrane, VAMP2 is engaged in a complex with synaptophysin I, which is mutually exclusive with the formation of fusogenic SNARE complexes. This model implicates synaptophysin I in escorting VAMP2 to the sites where exocytosis must take place exclusively after the arrival of the appropriate stimulus. We show that, at early stages along the secretory pathway, synaptophysin I directs sorting of VAMP2 to vesicles exhibiting limited availability for constitutive exocytosis." SIGNOR-264102 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr464 QEGSIEVyEDAGSHY 9606 11113114 t gcesareni "Ec mlck-1 is phosphorylated by p60(src) on tyr(464) and tyr(471), resulting in a 2- to 3-fold increase in ec mlck-1 enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-85005 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 17350185 f Luana "TNF-alpha represses the activity of a human Bmp4 promoter-luciferase construct, transfected into A549 and H441 cells." SIGNOR-266085 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000192 31435020 t "K63-linked ubiquitination enhances the interaction between Akt and HK2 and eventually increases HK2 phosphorylation on Thr473 and mitochondrial localization" SIGNOR-259985 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu105 NNKDSHSlTTNIMEI -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-14 27YVATRDN g-chain| 105XDAATLKSR g-chain | 92LTYNPDES g-chain |105LTTNIXEXL a-chain|433LVTSKGDKE a-chain| 117FXSANNRD a-chain" SIGNOR-263619 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9606 11553333 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 is critical in causing its dissociation from eif-4e, leaving 4e available to form translationally active eif-4f complexes, switching on mrna translation. We show that the cyclin-dependent kinase, cdc2, phosphorylates 4e-bp1 at thr-70 and that phosphorylation of this site is permissive for ser-65 phosphorylation. Crucially, the increased phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 during mitosis results in its complete dissociation from eif-4e." SIGNOR-110416 GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257341 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12805410 t gcesareni "Our results suggest that shp is a negative regulator of pxr transcriptional activity. This conclusion derives from_ in vitro, cell culture, and_ in vivo_ experiments." SIGNOR-101924 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser107 SQPPSPPsPAPSSFS 9606 20305697 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-164621 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT CPS1 protein P31327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002553 28538732 f Luana "LKB1 negatively regulates CPS1 transcription" SIGNOR-267919 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT FZD8 protein Q9H461 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22575959 t "Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6." SIGNOR-260111 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser397 SMVGGERsPPRILPP 9606 BTO:0000007 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-169330 CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Arg223 PAPTPNPrASLNHST 9606 BTO:0000725 24332853 t miannu "We have found that PRMT4 is highly expressed in HSPCs, where it functions as an inhibitor of myeloid differentiation (Figure 7G). In these cells, PRMT4 methylates RUNX1 at R223, promoting the assembly of a DPF2-containing transcriptional co-repressive complex, and repressing transcription at the miR-223 locus." SIGNOR-261967 PGM1 protein P36871 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-267930 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30283340 f miannu "MYCT1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclins D and E. Moreover, MYCT1 overexpression triggered apoptosis in AML cells, which was accompanied by enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and downregulated Bcl-2." SIGNOR-261735 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 30017192 t miannu "In this study, we found that PKCα stabilized and activated PIM-1L by phosphorylation at Ser65. The PIM-1L phosphorylation suppressed sotrastaurin-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that PKCα promotes cell survival and proliferation by upregulating PIM-1L in acute myeloid leukemia." SIGNOR-259413 MID1 protein O15344 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0004725 11685209 t miannu "MID1, mutated in Opitz syndrome, encodes an ubiquitin ligase that targets phosphatase 2A for degradation" SIGNOR-271467 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF186 protein Q9NXI6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271074 "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "The most abundant signaling protein in the PSD fraction is Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which makes up 1 to 2% of the total protein in the forebrain (21). CaMKII is a target for Ca2+ flowing through the NMDA receptor and is necessary for normal synaptic plasticity in pyramidal neurons. The cytosolic tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor bind to CaMKII and thus can serve as docking sites for it in the PSD" SIGNOR-264216 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT AQP9 protein O43315 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser11 EGAEKGKsFKQRLVL 9606 21873454 t lperfetto "Wt-pkc_-mediated phosphorylation of wt aqp9 in vitro. In the experiments, substitution of ser11 to ala markedly inhibited phosphorylation. the s11a mutation in fibroblasts caused a smoother cell periphery with fewer aqp9-induced filopodia" SIGNOR-176278 fluticasone chemical CHEBI:5134 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 20439738 t gcesareni "We identified four FDA-approved drugs, halcinonide, fluticasone, clobetasol, and fluocinonide, as Smo agonists that activate Hedgehog signaling." SIGNOR-248206 "4-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-1-[[6-(2-thiazolylamino)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:125340 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194411 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr551 RYVLDDEyTSSVGSK 9606 8629002 t "This interaction of BTK with SRC kinases transphosphorylated BTK on tyrosine at residue 551, which led to BTK activation." SIGNOR-251100 "Cy3-bifunctional dye zwitterion" chemical CHEBI:37990 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257859 zinc(2+) chemical CHEBI:29105 ChEBI "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "The BRCA1‚ÄìC complex consisting of BRCA1, Mre11:Rad50:Nbs1 (collectively known as the MRN complex) and CtIP plays a role in DSB end resection, a process that also involves EXO1 and DNA2" SIGNOR-269478 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 GILARRPsYRKILKD 8663317 t llicata "Phosphopeptide mapping analysis and Western blotting studies demonstrated that in vitro, CaMK II phosphorylates only Ser63 (corresponding to Ser133 of CREB), which is essential for the activation, and not Ser72 (corresponding to Ser142 of CREB), which is a negative regulation site." SIGNOR-250692 EMSY protein Q7Z589 UNIPROT ZMYND11 protein Q15326 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 14651845 t miannu "The binding sites for HP1β and BS69 with EMSY abut each other, and are found directly adjacent to the ENT domain of EMSY. This demonstrates that EMSY has the capacity to contact directly at least two proteins which contain a Royal Family domain. Since this domain is found in proteins with a chromatin connection, we assume that EMSY functions, at least partly, in the regulation of chromatin." SIGNOR-263916 CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11331872 t lperfetto "Induced p35 forms a complex with Cdk5 and activates its kinase activity" SIGNOR-250682 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr516 PVIENPQyFGITNSQ 10090 BTO:0000944 10533983 t miannu "TrkB autophosphorylation occurs on five cytoplasmic tyrosines: Y484, Y670, Y674, Y675, and Y785. Mutagenesis of Y484 inhibits the interaction between Shc and TrkB, and also block the E3DNF-inducible tyrosine phoslphorylation of Shc" SIGNOR-250204 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT LAPTM5 protein Q13571 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22009753 t miannu "Here, we found that the level of LAPTM5 protein is regulated negatively by the degradation through ubiquitination by ITCH, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. ITCH directly binds to the PPxY motif of LAPTM5 via its WW domains and promotes ubiquitination through a HECT-type ligase domain." SIGNOR-272721 NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 21779497 t "Translocation from Cytosol to Membrane" gcesareni "The raf family of proteins (raf-1, a-raf, and b-raf) bind to the effector region of ras-gtp, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane. Once there, raf proteins are activated and phosphorylated by different protein kinases." SIGNOR-175231 N protein P59595 UNIPROT FOSB protein P53539 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 14623261 t Luana "The transcription factors c-Fos, FosB, CREB-1, and ATF2 were all activated by the addition of SARS-CoV N protein to the sample well" SIGNOR-260728 NARS2 protein Q96I59 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270463 KIF7 protein Q2M1P5 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 19549984 t lperfetto "Kif7 physically interacted with Gli transcription factors and controlled their proteolysis and stability, and acted both positively and negatively in Hh signaling." SIGNOR-209611 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT DSPP protein Q9NZW4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 23349460 t lperfetto "In addition, our in vitro analyses showed that DMP1 and its 57-kDa C-terminal fragment significantly up-regulated the Dspp promoter activities in a mesenchymal cell line." SIGNOR-271685 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser283 RSVPEPLsPVSSLQA 9606 16027724 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the homeotic tumor suppressor Cdx2 mediates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation|We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylated Cdx2 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-138825 rRNA_transcription phenotype SIGNOR-PH145 SIGNOR "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR up-regulates 25901680 f lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262602 IL3RA protein P26951 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15795318 t gcesareni "Indeed, only upon fibronectin adhesion is janus kinase 2 (jak2) recruited to the beta1 integrin-il-3r complex and triggers il-3r beta common phosphorylation, leading to the formation of docking sites for activated stat5a." SIGNOR-134859 PGLS protein O95336 UNIPROT 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone smallmolecule CHEBI:16938 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31586547 t miannu "The second enzyme in the oxiPPP, 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGLS), converts 6PGL to 6-phosphogluconate (6PG)." SIGNOR-267057 PCDHAC1 protein Q9H158 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-269032 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254935 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr375 GRGARGGtRGGRGRI 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249253 MMP12 protein P39900 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272380 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr263 TTLSLPLtPESPNDP 9606 BTO:0000887 11741533 t gcesareni "Cytokine stimulation of energy expenditure through p38 map kinase activation of ppargamma coactivator-1we show here that many cytokines activate the transcriptional ppar gamma coactivator-1 (pgc-1) through phosphorylation by p38 kinase, resulting in stabilization and activation of pgc-1 proteinp38 mapk directly phosphorylates pgc-1 on residues threonine 262, serine 265, and threonine 298" SIGNOR-112770 YWHAE protein P62258 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12042314 t miannu "14-3-3_, 14-3-3_, and 14-3-3_ (but not 14-3-3_ and 14-3-3_) could form a complex with p27kip1 / we discovered that akt-mediated p27kip1phosphorylation directly induces p27kip1binding to 14-3-3 and cytoplasmic localization through phosphorylating the newly identified thr198residue." SIGNOR-88297 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser266 QYLGSIAsPSVHPAT 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" miannu "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on AML1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of AML1c in K562 and 293T cells (27).4 Mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein. The presence of these mutations results in an increase in the amount of ubiquitinated AML1c in the matrix, and increases the half-life of this insoluble AML1c. One possible model to explain these observations is that phosphorylation might be necessary for the normal process of both proteasome degradation and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-138973 EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT CASKIN1 protein Q8WXD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr336 TGNDRVGyFPSSLGE 9534 23181695 t miannu "EphB1 phosphorylates Caskin1 on tyrosine 296 and 336. Tyrosine phosphorylated Caskin1 then likely promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton leading to spine formation." SIGNOR-262861 pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI Citric_Acid_Cycle phenotype SIGNOR-PH191 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 18613815 f "Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a biotin-containing enzyme that catalyses the HCO3−- and MgATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. This is a very important anaplerotic reaction, replenishing oxaloacetate withdrawn from the Krebs cycle for various pivotal biochemical pathways." SIGNOR-267384 CREBRF protein Q8IUR6 UNIPROT HERPUD1 protein Q15011 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 16940180 t Luana "Luman/CREB3 induces transcription of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response protein Herp through an ER stress response element." SIGNOR-261575 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 BTO:0000007 12054501 t lperfetto "Human serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-like kinase (SGKL) phosphorylates glycogen syntheses kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) at serine-9 through direct interaction" SIGNOR-249166 HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 21261500 f miannu "HOXA9/HOXA10 activated expression of NMYC which in turn mediated MEF2C repression, indicating an indirect mode of regulation via NMYC interactor (NMI) and STAT5." SIGNOR-254213 TIMM9 protein Q9Y5J7 UNIPROT "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32901109 t lperfetto "Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex|In humans, TIM22 is a 440-kDa complex comprising at least six components: the hypothetical channel-forming protein Tim22, three small Tim proteins (Tim9, Tim10a and Tim10b), Tim29 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK)." SIGNOR-267702 P2RY2 protein P41231 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256759 UMPS protein P11172 UNIPROT "5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:58017 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 2912371 t miannu "Uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase contains two sequential catalytic activities for the synthesis of orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) from orotate (EC 2.4.2.10, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and the decarboxylation of OMP to form UMP (EC 4.1.1.23, OMP decarboxylase)." SIGNOR-267437 APIP protein Q96GX9 UNIPROT APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15262985 t acerquone "Taken together, these results suggest that apip functions to inhibit muscle ischemic damage by binding to apaf-1 in the apaf-1/caspase-9 apoptosis pathway." SIGNOR-126797 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SPHK2 protein Q9NRA0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 17311928 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "Sphingosine kinase type 2 activation by erk-mediated phosphorylation. site-directed mutagenesis indicated that hsphk2 is phosphorylated on ser-351 and thr-578 by erk1" SIGNOR-270036 IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" 9606 26178471 t lperfetto "Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG)" SIGNOR-253137 F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257234 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNJ12 protein Q14500 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser431 QRPYRREsEI 9534 11181181 t miannu "Phosphorylation of the Kir2.2 C terminus by protein kinase A inhibited the association with SAP97.‚ " SIGNOR-249998 TP53INP1 protein Q96A56 UNIPROT MAP1LC3C protein Q9BXW4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22421968 t gcesareni "These data indicate that cell death observed after tp53inp1-lc3 interaction depends on both autophagy and caspase activity. We conclude that tp53inp1 could act as a tumor suppressor by inducing cell death by caspase-dependent autophagy." SIGNOR-196676 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT CETN2 protein P41208 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser170 LRIMKKTsLY 9606 BTO:0000150 21731694 t llicata "Our studies show that aurora a phosphorylates centrin at serine 170 in vitro and that the serine 170 phosphorylation affects the stability of centrin by regulating its interaction with apc/c. finally we demonstrated that phosphorylation of centrin serine 170 is an absolute requirement for aurora a-mediated centriole amplification." SIGNOR-174686 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr143 RCFTRKYtLPPGVDP 9606 19593530 t "11383510: to test the hypothesis that cGK could inhibit platelet aggregation by phosphorylating Hsp27 and interfering with the MAPKAP kinase phosphorylation of Hsp27, the known MAPKAP kinase 2-phosphorylation sites (Ser15, Ser78, and Ser82) as well as Thr143 were replaced by negatively charged amino acids, which are considered to mimic phosphate groups, and tested in actin polymerization experiments. Mimicry at the MAPKAP kinase 2 phosphorylation sites led to mutants with a stimulating effect on actin polymerization" lperfetto "Purified pkg isoforms ia, ib, and ii all caused incorporation of phosphate in recombinant hsp27 at ser-78, ser-82, and thr-143, but not ser-15.These Studies indicate that hsp27 is a genuine substrate for pkg and that pkg may mediate inhibition of platelet aggregation through phosphorylation of hsp27 and subsequent prevent of actin polymerization" SIGNOR-186947 MRPL21 protein Q7Z2W9 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262372 IL21 protein Q9HBE4 UNIPROT IL21R protein Q9HBE5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16424177 t gcesareni "Il-21 mediates its biological effects via the il-21r in conjunction with the common receptor gamma-chain that is also shared by members of the il-2 family" SIGNOR-143849 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-267037 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 BTO:0000150 18372406 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-178137 IL5RA protein Q01344 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21106848 f "Human blood eosinophils exhibit a hyperactive phenotype in response to chemotactic factors after cell priming with IL-5 family cytokines. Earlier work has identified ERK1/2 as molecular markers for IL-5 priming" SIGNOR-254350 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 23644383 t milica "Here, we show that cyclic amp (camp)-dependent protein kinase (pka) phosphorylates lats and thereby enhances its activity sufficiently to phosphorylate yap on ser381." SIGNOR-236994 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 9335504 t llicata "In contrast to the bmp-stimulated phosphorylation of smad1, which affects carboxy-terminal serines and induces nuclear accumulation of smad1, erk-mediated phosphorylation specifically inhibits the nuclear accumulation of smad1. phosphorylation occurs at specific serines within the region linking the inhibitory and effector domains of smad1" SIGNOR-52678 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT GLUD1 protein P00367 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19632174 t gcesareni "Rip3 directly interacts with glycogen phosphorylase (pygl), glutamate ammonia ligase (glul), and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (glud1). Rip kinase activity is required to enhance the activities of all three enzymes both in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-187314 PTPN21 protein Q16825 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 15143158 t gcesareni "Ptpd1 activates src tyrosine kinase and increases the magnitude and duration of epidermal growth factor (egf) signaling." SIGNOR-124774 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10022879 t tpavlidou "It was recently shown that er? And er? Could form a heterodimer complex both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-64427 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser117 YPSMPAFsPGPGIKE 9606 10915800 t llicata "Map kinases erk1/2 phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp)-1a at serine 117 in vitro. mutation of serine 117 to alanine abolished erk2-mediated phosphorylation in vitro and the map kinase-related transcriptional activation of srebp-1a by insulin and platelet-derived growth factor in vivo." SIGNOR-80092 (R)-5-Fluoro-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin chemical CID:11957727 PUBCHEM HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258867 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000222 18854138 f gcesareni "Our cell-based assays and in vitro studies reveal a tight codependent partnership between foxo3 and pax3/7 to coordinately recruit rna polymerase ii and form a preinitiation complex (pic) to activate myod transcription in myoblasts." SIGNOR-252937 CIB2 protein O75838 UNIPROT TMC2 protein Q8TDI7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004744 28663585 t miannu " Furthermore, we report that calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 binds to the components of the hair cell mechanotransduction complex, TMC1 and TMC2, and these interactions are disrupted by deafness-causing Cib2 mutations. We conclude that calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 is required for normal operation of the mechanotransducer channels and is involved in limiting the growth of transducing stereocilia." SIGNOR-269665 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12887920 t amattioni "Tradd and rip1 associate with fadd and caspase-8, forming a cytoplasmic complex" SIGNOR-104255 MK-2206 chemical CHEBI:67271 ChEBI AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001286 21841310 t gcesareni "Treatment with the pi3k inhibitor ly294002 or the akt inhibitor mk2206 diminished s473 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-176046 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25420914 t Luana "As the first step to reveal how MeCP2 phosphorylation may regulate Notch signaling, we conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment to determine whether the phosphor-mutant MeCP2 protein has altered promoter occupancy at the promoters of Dll1 and Notch1. We found increased binding of the phosphor-mutant protein at the promoters of both Dll1 and Notch1 " SIGNOR-264674 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18931691 f miannu "JNKs activate apoptotic signaling by the upregulation pro-apoptotic genes via the transactivation of specific transcription factors or by directly modulating the activities of mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins through distinct phosphorylation events." SIGNOR-260178 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT F3 protein P13726 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser290 GQSWKENsPLNVS 9606 23195225 t lperfetto "We previously showed that the phosphorylation of ser253 within the cytoplasmic domain of human tissue factor (tf) initiates the incorporation and release of this protein into cell-derived microparticles. Furthermore, subsequent phosphorylation of ser258 terminates this process. Our current study has identified p38_ as a major kinase, responsible for the phosphorylation of ser258 within the cytoplasmic domain of tf" SIGNOR-199868 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1203 IFPARDTyHPMSEYP 9606 BTO:0000661 14766232 t lperfetto "Indeed, the present results demonstrate that ZAP-70 phosphorylates MUC1-CD and that the MUC1-CD Y-20 site functions, at least in part, as a ZAP-70 substrate (Fig. 4C). In this regard, the in vivo phosphorylation data indicate that ZAP-70 may also contribute to phosphorylation of MUC1-CD Y-46.The results further show that ZAP-70 phosphorylation of MUC1-CD stimulates the interaction of MUC1 andBeta-catenin." SIGNOR-247039 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr735 DTEWRSVtLPRDLQS 9606 18794806 t lperfetto "Here, we identify clk1, clk4, mst1, mst2 and ttk (also known as mps1) as novel thr735 kinases in vitro / phosphorylation of thr735 in c-abl is critical for binding to 14-3-3" SIGNOR-181060 ACOT4 protein Q8N9L9 UNIPROT succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271807 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2 sSSEEVSW 9606 1939094 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the beta subunit of casein kinase II in human A431 cells. Identification of the autophosphorylation site | Cleavage of the beta subunit, that had been autophosphorylated in vitro, at tryptophan 9 and tryptophan 12 using N-chlorosuccinimide demonstrated that the autophosphorylation site is located near the amino terminus of the protein, most likely at serine 2 and serine 3." SIGNOR-251062 ZNF239 protein Q16600 UNIPROT RBP3 protein P10745 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12409453 f miannu "We have demonstrated that MOK2 can bind to the 8 bp present in the IRBP promoter and repress transcription from this promoter by competing with the CRX activator for DNA binding." SIGNOR-255629 SPAG5 protein Q96R06 UNIPROT CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 17664331 f lperfetto "Furthermore, although both the core kinetochore protein Hec1 and the spindle checkpoint kinase Bub1 were unaffected (Fig. 3 C), the kinetochore resident motor protein CENP-E (Yen et al., 1992) and its interaction partner CENP-F (Chan et al., 1998) were delocalized from the kinetochore in the absence of astrin. These cells remained cyclin B1 positive (unpublished data), confirming that they were still in mitosis. These data suggest that the presence of astrin is required for the kinetochore recruitment or maintenance of CENP-E and CENP-F." SIGNOR-252041 GFs stimulus SIGNOR-ST12 SIGNOR RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17306385 t miannu "Multiple growth- and differentiation-inducing polypeptide factors bind to and activate transmembrane receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs), to instigate a plethora of biochemical cascades culminating in regulation of cell fate." SIGNOR-256169 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr145 QGRKRRQtSMTDFYH 9606 20307683 t lperfetto "Pim-2 phosphorylation of p21(cip1/waf1) enhances its stability and inhibits cell proliferation in hct116 cellshere we demonstrate that like pim-1, pim-2 also phosphorylates the cell cycle inhibitor p21(cip1/waf1) (p21) on thr145 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-259424 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Leu-tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:16624 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270414 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser577 RKPGLRRsPIKKVRK 9606 9840932 t lperfetto "The cell-cycle regulated transcription factor b-myb is phosphorylated by cyclin a/cdk2 at sites that enhance its transactivation properties. we show that b-myb is phosphorylated at thr447, thr490, thr497 and ser581 by cyclin a/cdk5" SIGNOR-217252 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser6 sLHDALSG 9606 BTO:0000150 15121858 t llicata "These results indicate that phosphorylation of gal-3 promotes its nuclear export after apoptotic stimuli through enhanced nuclear export." SIGNOR-124583 Degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH92 SIGNOR TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000830 24232182 f apalma "Particularly, damage-activated mast cells almost instantly begin to secrete TNFa, histamine and tryptase and then initiate the de novo synthesis of other cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)6" SIGNOR-255347 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001332 19903340 f lperfetto "PTEN-mediated suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway is well established, accumulating evidence suggests that nuclear PTEN also plays a critical role in tumor suppression" SIGNOR-244439 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 NVKVETQsDEENGRA 9606 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway / these results suggest that ck2 kinase directly phosphorylates amino acids 13, 23, 63, 101 and 294 in vivo" SIGNOR-174852 DPP3 protein Q9NY33 UNIPROT KEAP1 protein Q14145 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 35278345 t miannu "The influence of DPP3 on the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signal pathway suggest a direct involvement of DPP3 in the oxidative stress response [8,14,31,53,99,100]. It was shown that DPP3 competes with Nrf2 through the ETGE motif to bind to Keap1 and consequently enhances the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, thereby driving the expression of an array of genes encoding antioxidative enzymes [99]. More specifically, binding of DPP3 to Keap1 releases Nrf2, and thus, prevents its degradation through the 26S proteasome" SIGNOR-268464 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser357 REFCIPTsSNIEQQN 9606 12123746 t "GRK2-mediated phosphorylation is involved in the development of agonist-induced μ-opioid receptor desensitization. two C-terminal amino acids, Ser355 and Thr357, are required for short-term homologous desensitization of μ-opioid receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells." SIGNOR-251458 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 8358790 t lperfetto "Bax shows extensive amino acid homology with Bcl-2 and forms homodimers and heterodimers with Bcl-2 in vivo. When Bax predominates, programed cell death is accelerated, and the death repressor activity of Bcl-2 is countered." SIGNOR-249612 6 protein P59634 UNIPROT NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 32353860 t miannu "Orf6 of SARS-CoV antagonizes host interferon signaling by perturbing nuclear transport, and the NUP98-RAE1 interaction with Orf6 may perform the same function for SARS-CoV-2." SIGNOR-260976 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22378047 t lperfetto "STAT6 coordinates and synergizes with both PPAR? and KrŸppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a member of a family of proteins that contribute to macrophage function." SIGNOR-249568 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp616 EISEVKMdAEFRHDS -1 10438520 t lperfetto "Inhibition of caspase-6 activity prevents serum deprivation-mediated increase of Ab. Caspase-6 directly cleaves APP at the C terminus and generates a C-terminal fragment of 3 kDa (Capp3) and an Ab-containing 6.5-kDa fragment, Capp6.5, that increases in serum-deprived neurons" SIGNOR-261762 ZBTB14 protein O43829 UNIPROT ZBTB14 protein O43829 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10080939 t miannu "ZF5, which we have cloned as a transcriptional repressor on the mouse c-myc promoter, has the POZ domain at the amino-terminus and the Kruppel-type zinc finger domain at the carboxy-terminus. We demonstrated that the POZ domain has a function mediating homomeric protein-protein interaction and this interaction requires the zinc finger domain." SIGNOR-220534 GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT "D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:61527 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21310273 t miannu "GFPT1 catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamine onto fructose-6-phosphate, yielding glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) and glutamate. This transamidase reaction has been identified as the first and rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is the obligatory source of essential amino sugars for the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans" SIGNOR-267815 GRIP1 protein Q9Y3R0 UNIPROT GRIPAP1 protein Q4V328 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 10896157 t Giorgia "We have identified several GRIP-associated proteins (GRASPs) that bind to distinct PDZ domains within GRIP. GRASP-1 is a neuronal rasGEF associated with GRIP and AMPA receptors in vivo. GRIP1 has seven PDZ domains, which mediate protein–protein interactions, allowing the recruitment of GRASP-1 to a large signal-transducing complex" SIGNOR-260638 DSCAML1 protein Q8TD84 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 30745321 f miannu "The DSCAM/L1 transcriptome data sets also contained a significant number of genes known to regulate synapse formation or function.Increased nuclear DSCAM levels inhibit synapse formation" SIGNOR-264281 MKRN1 protein Q9UHC7 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys292 EEENLRKkGEPHHEL 9606 BTO:0002552 19536131 t miannu "Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 (MKRN1) is a transcriptional co-regulator and an E3 ligase. Here, we show that MKRN1 simultaneously functions as a differentially negative regulator of p53 and p21. In normal conditions, MKRN1 could destabilize both p53 and p21 through ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. As a result, depletion of MKRN1 induced growth arrest through activation of p53 and p21. K291 and K292 of p53 are required for MKRN1-mediated degradation and ubiquitination of p53" SIGNOR-271847 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr493 LGADDSYyTARSAGK 9606 16049944 t lperfetto "Zap-70 is modified by auto-phosphorylation of various tyrosine residues and is activated by specific phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue y-493" SIGNOR-139098 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser327 DPEMEEDsYDSFGEP -1 9558331 t llicata "In vitro the large hydrophilic loop of PS-2 between transmembrane domains 6 and 7 can be phosphorylated by casein kinase-1 (CK-1) and CK-2, but not by PKA or PKC. Quantitative analysis of in vitro phosphorylation demonstrates the presence of two phosphorylation sites for CK-1 and a single site for CK-2. A deletion analysis revealed that the CTF of PS-2 is phosphorylated in vivo within an acidic sequence containing three potential phosphorylation sites for CKs (serines 327, 330, and 335). These data suggest that CK type protein kinases phosphorylate the CTF of PS-2 within its hydrophilic loop domain in vivo. Interestingly, the potential phosphorylation sites are located directly adjacent to the recently identified caspase cleavage sites." SIGNOR-250933 VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT UFD1 protein Q92890 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20442859 t miannu "These findings ascribe specific functions to each of the components of the VCP-UFD1L-NPL4 complex in Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation: VCP energizes the process through ATP binding and hydrolysis, UFD1L binds ubiquitinated CD4 through recognition of K48 Ub chains, and NPL4 stabilizes UFD1L. VCP is thus likely to provide the energy required for extraction of CD4 from membranes." SIGNOR-252424 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr566 LNGVTTTtFCGTPDY 9606 11964154 t llicata "In the present study, we analysed the contribution of the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (pdk-1) and pkcepsilon kinase activity in controlling the phosphorylation of thr(566) and ser(729). pdk-1 phosphorylation of the activation loop triggers autophosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif" SIGNOR-117320 ENOBOSARM chemical CID:11326715 PUBCHEM AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195892 GABRA6 protein Q16445 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263771 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 BTO:0000007 14761950 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Casein kinase 1 delta phosphorylates tau and disrupts its binding to microtubules.Here we characterized the contribution of one ck1 isoform, ckidelta, to the phosphorylation of tau at residues ser202/thr205 and ser396/ser404 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells." SIGNOR-121717 DUSP26 protein Q9BV47 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 20562916 t "Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 is a novel p53 phosphatase and inhibits p53 tumor suppressor functions in human neuroblastoma|Inhibiting DUSP26 expression in the IMR-32 neuroblastoma cell line enhanced doxorubicin-induced p53 phosphorylation at Ser20 and Ser37, p21, Puma, Bax expression as well as apoptosis" SIGNOR-248766 IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT IFNAR1 protein P17181 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278538 t gcesareni "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-104663 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser218 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 9606 BTO:0000007 15466476 t lperfetto "Cot proteins were used in an in vitro kinase assay using mek as a substrate. Samples were analyzed by western blotting. As seen in the cascade activity assay only wild-type cot was active against mekregulation of cot is of great interest to the signaling field since the cot/mek/erk pathway potentially plays a role in the etiology of inflammatory autoimmune diseases." SIGNOR-129690 GPT2 protein Q8TD30 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11863375 t "Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate, and thereby has a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Two ALT isoenzymes are known to exist, but only one ALT gene has been cloned, GPT. In this study, we cloned a homolog of GPT and named it GPT2, and the corresponding protein ALT2" SIGNOR-266925 MN1 protein Q10571 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 17494859 f irozzo "MN1 is a unique oncogene in hematopoiesis that both promotes proliferation/self-renewal and blocks differentiation, and may become useful as a predictive marker in AML treatment." SIGNOR-256015 NME2 protein P22392 UNIPROT KCNN4 protein O15554 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation His358 FRQVRLKhRKLREQV 9606 17157250 t lperfetto "Ndpk-b directly binds and activates kca3.1 by phosphorylating histidine 358 in the carboxyl terminus of kca3.1" SIGNOR-151130 SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21084559 t miannu "Mst is activated by binding of salvador (sav1, sav in drosophila), which is, in turn, also phosphorylated by mst." SIGNOR-256183 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000093 11154267 t lperfetto "Expression of Cdc25A mRNA and protein was induced by E(2) in control and p16(INK4a)-expressing MCF-7 cells; however, functional activity of Cdc25A was inhibited in cells expressing p16(INK4a). Inhibition of Cdc25A activity in p16(INK4a)-expressing cells was associated with depressed Cdk2 activity" SIGNOR-245449 DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT PARD6A protein Q9NPB6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "In pcp , dvl binds to proteins such as pkc, atypical pkc (apkc), dvl-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (daam1), dvl-associating protein with a high frequency of leu residues (daple) and partitioning defective 6 (par6), which are important for the regulation of small gtpases such as rho and rac and, consequently, the cytoskeleton and cell polarity58." SIGNOR-199500 PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT KCNB1 protein Q14721 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16870705 t gcesareni "Ptpalpha inhibits kv channels more strongly than ptpepsilon;this correlates with constitutive association of ptpalpha with kv2.1, driven by membranal localization of ptpalpha." SIGNOR-148301 KCNQ1 protein P51787 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 19298256 t miannu "KCNQ genes encode five Kv7 K+ channel subunits (Kv7.1–Kv7.5). Four of these (Kv7.2–Kv7.5) are expressed in the nervous system. Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 are the principal molecular components of the slow voltage-gated M-channel, which widely regulates neuronal excitability, although other subunits may contribute to M-like currents in some locations." SIGNOR-265981 BKM120 chemical CHEBI:71954 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190383 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 10090 10448861 t miannu "Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1." SIGNOR-266334 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1524 LQNRNYPsQEELIKV 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t lperfetto "The brca1 (breast cancer gene 1) tumor suppressor protein is phosphorylated in response to dna damage. Results from this study indicate that the checkpoint protein kinase atm (mutated in ataxia telangiectasia) was required for phosphorylation of brca1 in response to ionizing radiation. Atm resides in a complex with brca1 and phosphorylated brca1 in vivo and in vitro in a region that contains clusters of serine-glutamine residues. Phosphorylation of this domain appears to be functionally important because a mutated brca1 protein lacking two phosphorylation sites failed to rescue the radiation hypersensitivity of a brca1-deficient cell line.Atm-dependent phosphorylation of ser1423 or ser1524 also occurred in vivo," SIGNOR-72079 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000797 18250171 t Gianni "Here we show that the beta-catenin binding to FOXO serves a dual effect. beta-catenin, through binding, enhances FOXO transcriptional activity. In addition, FOXO competes with TCF for interaction with beta-catenin, thereby inhibiting TCF transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-262529 "Sanglifehrin A" chemical CID:5388925 PUBCHEM IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 28076787 t Monia "We show that the mammalian target of SFA is inosine-50 -monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2); Biochemical characterization reveals that PPIA-SFA does not inhibit the catalytic activity of IMPDH2 but rather, it modulates cell growth via binding to the cystathionine-b-synthase (CBS) domain." SIGNOR-261099 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22469984 t irozzo "The requirement for PRC2 in leukemia is partly because of its role in direct transcriptional repression of genes that limit the self-renewal potential of hematopoietic cells, including Cdkn2a" SIGNOR-256122 OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT PFK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF79 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" glycosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 22923583 t lperfetto "O-GlcNAcylation was induced at serine 529 of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) in response to hypoxia. Glycosylation inhibited PFK1 activity and redirected glucose flux through the pentose phosphate pathway| O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to serine or threonine residues" SIGNOR-267586 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT NABP2 protein Q9BQ15 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000018 25249620 t miannu "Here, we report that hSSB1 is the bona fide substrate for an Fbxl5-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase. Fbxl5 interacts with and targets hSSB1 for ubiquitination and degradation, which could be prevented by ATM-mediated hSSB1 T117 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-271655 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser29 ATPAARAsKKILLPE 9606 11042191 t acerquone "Phosphorylation of grk2 by protein kinase c abolishes its inhibition by calmodulinin vitro, grk2 was preferentially phosphorylated by pkc isoforms alpha, gamma, and delta" SIGNOR-83231 N-[5-[(2R)-2-methoxy-1-oxo-2-phenylethyl]-4,6-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)benzamide chemical CHEBI:94490 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191274 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194548 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1623 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248747 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PRL protein P01236 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser207 LHCLRRDsHKIDNYL 9606 19555049 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated form of prolactin has a higher affinity for heparin." SIGNOR-186211 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser139 EEWTRHGsFVNKPTR 10090 BTO:0000944 12052829 t lperfetto "Among them, Ser(29) in p52(Shc) (equivalent to Ser(138) in p66(Shc)) was phosphorylated only after TPA stimulation. Phosphorylation of this site together with the intact phosphotyrosine-binding domain was essential for ShcA binding to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST. TPA-induced ShcA phosphorylation at this site (and hence, its association with PTP-PEST) was inhibited by a protein kinase C-specific inhibitor and was induced by overexpression of constitutively active mutants of protein kinase Calpha, -epsilon, and -delta isoforms." SIGNOR-263048 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser244 GTHYSVQsDIWSMGL 9606 8131746 t gcesareni "Activation of mek family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved ser/thr residues.Phosphopeptide analysis demonstrated that serine residues 218 and 222 of human mek1 are the primary sites for phosphorylation by c-raf" SIGNOR-36453 FCN3 protein O75636 UNIPROT MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 17204478 t lperfetto "In the lectin pathway, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins bind to pathogens and activate MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2)" SIGNOR-263412 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser306 VSQEVTRsLKDFSSS -1 12519779 t lperfetto "Munc18a is essential for neurotransmitter release by exocytosis and can be phosphorylated by PKC in vitro on Ser-306 and Ser-313. We demonstrate that it is phosphorylated on Ser-313 in response to phorbol ester treatment in adrenal chromaffin cells. Mutation of both phosphorylation sites to glutamate reduces its affinity for syntaxin and so acts as a phosphomimetic mutation." SIGNOR-249183 M protein P59596 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 25271362 f Luana "Taken together, our results demonstrated that expression of M-protein causes activation of both caspases 8 and 9 via the PKB/Akt signalling cascades. " SIGNOR-260202 3a protein P59632 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 18632968 f Luana "Thus, caspase-9 activation and cytochrome c release in cells expressing the 3a protein indicated that this viral protein also activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis." SIGNOR-260213 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15037762 t gcesareni "Kinases targeted sequentially to the neck, cla4/pak and cdc5/polo, are responsible for stepwise phosphorylation and down-regulation of swe1." SIGNOR-123528 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PDE3A protein Q14432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 IPKRLRRsLPPGLLR 9606 19261611 t llicata "Protein kinase c-mediated phosphorylation and activation of pde3a regulate camp levels in human platelets. together, these results demonstrate that platelet activation stimulates pkc-dependent phosphorylation of pde3a on ser(312), ser(428), ser(438), ser(465), and ser(492) leading to a subsequent increase in camp hydrolysis and 14-3-3 binding." SIGNOR-184452 MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256813 ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT FPR3 protein P25089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15187149 t "We show that the mimetic N-terminal annexin 1 peptide Ac1-25 is able to activate and desensitize not only FPR but also FPRL1 and FPRL2." SIGNOR-259438 CCT129202 chemical CID:16202152 PUBCHEM AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190883 ITGAL protein P20701 UNIPROT AKAP9 protein Q99996 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001945 16339516 t Giulio "However, association of CG-NAP/AKAP450 was signifi-cantly enhanced at 37°C in LFA-1-activated cells triggered toundergo motility. Taken together, our findings provide the first definitiveevidence that the protein CG-NAP/AKAP450 is a key scaffoldingcomponent of the multimolecular complex assembled in T cellsupon LFA cross-linking and is functionally indispensable for cellpolarity and migration induced by this integrin." SIGNOR-260304 "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263810 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH23 protein Q9H251 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265839 7-(dipropylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol chemical CHEBI:111176 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258725 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 f lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-252706 estriol smallmolecule CHEBI:27974 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258585 SLC20A2 protein Q08357 UNIPROT phosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 11009570 t lperfetto SIGNOR-270580 UBE2A protein P49459 UNIPROT PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination Lys164 AVVISCAkDGVKFSA 9606 12226657 t gcesareni "Pcna is mono-ubiquitinated through rad6 and rad18, modified by lysine-63-linked multi-ubiquitination--which additionally requires mms2, ubc13 and rad5--and is conjugated to sumo by ubc9. The first of these is monoubiquitination of lysine 164 on one or more of the pcna subunits by the e2-e3 complex of rad6-rad18." SIGNOR-92737 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7791754 t lperfetto "Using several complementary approaches, we investigated the formation of homomeric and heteromeric complexes between the two known bmp type i receptors (br-ia and br-ib) and the bmp type ii receptor (br-ii)." SIGNOR-33443 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1766 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269381 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t lperfetto "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-255264 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2054 GGNKRKLsTAMALIG 9606 BTO:0000567 12196520 t lperfetto "We further provide in vitro evidence that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated phosphorylation regulated ABCA1 ubiquitination |The EGFR selective inhibitor PD168393 blocked the EGFR-ABCA1 interaction and abolished ABCA1Ser2054 phosphorylation|" SIGNOR-264419 MMP25 protein Q9NPA2 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asn66 GCPKESCnLFVLKDT -1 14583471 t miannu "Direct activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 by leukolysin/membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase/matrix metalloproteinase 25 at the asn(109)-Tyr bond. Leukolysin Cleaves ProMMP-2 at Asn66-Leu and Asn109-Tyr." SIGNOR-256346 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 KNIVTPRtPPPSQGK 9606 1939237 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation decreased the ability of mbp to polymerize actin and to bundle actin filaments but had no effect on the dissociation constant of the mbp-actin complex or on the ability of ca2+-calmodulin to dissociate the complex. The most significant effect of phosphorylation on the mbp-actin complex was a dramatic reduction in its ability to bind to negatively charged lipid bilayers. The identification of myelin basic protein (phosphorylation at -pro-arg-thr-pro-) as a substrate for the erk kinases (fig. 1) demonstrates that there are other determinants important for substrate recognition than those present in the originally identified consensus sequence." SIGNOR-22424 MSX2 protein P35548 UNIPROT DLX2 protein Q07687 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000945 9111364 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that dimerization by Msx and Dlx proteins is mediated through their homeodomains and that the residues required for this interaction correspond to those necessary for DNA binding. Unlike most other known examples of homeoprotein interactions, association of Msx and Dlx proteins does not promote cooperative DNA binding; instead, dimerization and DNA binding are mutually exclusive activities. Msx proteins act as transcriptional repressors and Dlx proteins act as activators, while in combination, Msx and Dlx proteins counteract each other's transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-240932 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257937 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11574546 t miannu "The von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) forms a protein complex (VCB-Cul2) with elongin C, elongin B, Cul-2, and Rbx1, which functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3). The alpha-subunits of the hypoxia-inducible factors have been identified as targets for the VCB-Cul2 ubiquitin ligase. " SIGNOR-271520 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr265 GQSSAAAtPSTTGTK 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134541 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Arg-tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:18366 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269505 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR METTL1 protein Q9UBP6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 YYRQRAHsNPMADHT 9606 3627513 t lperfetto "The trna methylase mettl1 is phosphorylated and inactivated by pkb and rsk in vitro and in cells" SIGNOR-244307 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val61 TVETVFSvDEFSASV -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263600 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10029407 f miannu "p53 transcriptionally activates expression of the genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, cathepsin D, and thrombospondin-1 but represses expression of the genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor and multidrug resistance-1." SIGNOR-255432 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194545 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 16273260 t gcesareni "Human wnt5a, wnt5b and wnt11 are non-canonical wnt ligands transducing pcp signals through fzd3 or fzd6 receptors." SIGNOR-141434 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT PTGER1 protein P34995 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261656 LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR VEPH1 protein Q14D04 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 22055343 f "In the neuronal differentiation" lperfetto "Melted represses warts transcription to disrupt hippo pathway activity and specify rh5 fate wts and melt repress each other s transcription in a double negative, bistable feedback loop that directs robust expression of either rh5 or rh6 in r9" SIGNOR-269959 FBXO3 protein Q9UK99 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25721664 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxo3 targets Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we show that another F-box protein Fbxo3, belonging to the FBXO type protein family, also interacts with and targets Smurf1 for poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The SCF complex is composed of F-box protein, Skp1, Cullin1 (Cul1) and ROC1. Fbxo3, whose substrates are few, forms SCF Fbxo3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates the degradations of Fbxl2, p62, HIPK2 and p300 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272442 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser257 PSRPPRPsRPPPPTP 9606 BTO:0000815 30517763 t miannu "AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of ITCH at Ser257 drives its nuclear translocation" SIGNOR-272922 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser328 VLPSISLsPGPQPPK 9606 23028682 t lperfetto "The forced activation of cyclin a-cdk2 in these cells by the overexpression of cyclin a,triggered rad9 phosphorylation at serine 328 and thereby promoted the interaction of rad9 with bcl-xl and the subsequent initiation of the apoptotic program." SIGNOR-217268 ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT "EIF4E2/GIGYF1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C256 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 30917308 t lperfetto "A key factor in this regulation is tristetraprolin (TTP), an RNA-binding protein (RBP) that recruits RNA-destabilizing factors and the translation inhibitory complex 4EHP-GIGYF1/2 to AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs" SIGNOR-261014 selumetinib chemical CHEBI:90227 ChEBI ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001950 25487801 t Luana "Inhibitors of MEK1/2 (trametinib) and/or ERK1/2 (selumetinib) had the strongest and most conserved inhibitory activities, suggesting that MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 may have unique capabilities as stand-alone or combinatorial therapies for MERS-CoV infections. " SIGNOR-262313 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT IL16 protein Q14005 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser743 MPLQPNAsLNEEEGT -1 12450396 t llicata "We now show that N-terminal to the NLS domain of pro-IL-16 are protein kinase CK2 substrate and cdc2 kinase substrate sites which, along with the NLS, constitute a dual phosphorylation-regulated CcN motif which regulates nuclear localization of pro-IL-16. In addition, we demonstrate that mutation of either site is associated with impairment of the N-terminal domain's ability to induce G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest. | Thus, we confirm that the N-terminal (42SLNEE46) sequence of pro-IL-16 is in fact a site for protein kinase CK2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-251009 PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT SLC5A1 protein P13866 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 22526585 f miannu "Our findings suggest that PER1 exerts an indirect suppressive effect on SGLT1, possibly acting via other clock-controlled genes binding to non-E-box sites on the SGLT1 promoter." SIGNOR-254912 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT unknown binding 10090 SIGNOR-C21 22337877 t lperfetto "Cdo and jlp interacted with ask1 or tak1 in 293t cells and c2c12 myoblasts" SIGNOR-235554 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PDE3A protein Q14432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 VRRDRSTsIKLQEAP 9606 19261611 t llicata "Protein kinase c-mediated phosphorylation and activation of pde3a regulate camp levels in human platelets. together, these results demonstrate that platelet activation stimulates pkc-dependent phosphorylation of pde3a on ser(312), ser(428), ser(438), ser(465), and ser(492) leading to a subsequent increase in camp hydrolysis and 14-3-3 binding." SIGNOR-184460 CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257018 dimethyloxalylglycine chemical CHEBI:102218 ChEBI EGLN1 protein Q9GZT9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000018 28900510 t lperfetto "We treated the A549 cells with the following EGLN/PHD inhibitors: dimethyloxalyglycine (DMOG), CoCl2, inhibitors of dioxygenases, and BAY 85-3494 (BAY), a specific inhibitor of EGLNs with highest potency against EGLN1." SIGNOR-261991 MTCH1 protein Q9NZJ7 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12377771 f SARA "PSAP is an important regulator of apoptosis" SIGNOR-260994 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11015200 t gcesareni "The calmodulin-binding region is located between amino acids 51 and 96" SIGNOR-82505 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-268072 HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9580552 t miannu "Here we show that Hsp90 associates with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and is rapidly recruited to the eNOS complex by agonists that stimulate production of nitric oxide, namely vascular endothelial growth factor, histamine and fluid shear stress. Moreover, the binding of Hsp90 to eNOS enhances the activation of eNOS." SIGNOR-252214 MN1 protein Q10571 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12569362 t irozzo "Taken together, our results indicate that MN1 is a transcription coactivator rather than a sequence-specific transcription factor, and that it may stimulate RAR/RXR-mediated transcription through interaction with p160 and p300." SIGNOR-256020 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ABCF1 protein Q8NE71 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser109 KKLSVPTsDEEDEVP 9606 17894550 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that abc50 is a phosphoprotein and is phosphorylated at two sites by ck2. These sites, ser-109 and ser-140, lie in the nterminal part of abc50 but are not required for the binding of abc50 to eif2." SIGNOR-157933 L-ornithine smallmolecule CHEBI:15729 ChEBI M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 25386178 f apalma "In general, M2 type macrophages act as anti-inflammatory cells via diversion of arginine away from NOS or via the synthesis of downstream products derived from the ornithine that is generated via arginase" SIGNOR-256075 CCNA1 protein P78396 UNIPROT Cell_growth phenotype SIGNOR-PH33 SIGNOR up-regulates 15829981 f lperfetto "Cyclin A1 contributes to G1 to S cell cycle progression in somatic cells. Cyclin A1 overexpression enhances S phase entry consistent with an oncogenic function. Finally, cyclin A1 might be a therapeutic target since its silencing inhibited leukemia cell growth." SIGNOR-249637 TBL1Y protein Q9BQ87 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 18374649 t Luana "TBL1 interacts in vivo with CtBP and promote its proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-260902 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser47 LGSALRPsTSRSLYA -1 2500966 t miannu "Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65. Domain- and sequence-specific phosphorylation of vimentin induces disassembly of the filament structure." SIGNOR-250070 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT SMC1A protein Q14683 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser966 GEDSVSGsQRISSIY 9606 11877377 t lperfetto "Here we report that smc1 is a component of the dna damage response network that functions as an effector in the atm/nbs1-dependent s-phase checkpoint pathway. Smc1 associates with brca1 and is phosphorylated in response to ir in an atm- and nbs1-dependent manner. Using mass spectrometry, we established that atm phosphorylates s957 and s966 of smc1 in vivo." SIGNOR-115496 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr325 TELEPLCtPVVTCTP phosphorylation:Ser374;Ser362 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL;AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-263011 TAF1 protein P21675 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser281 DGTGDTSsEEDEDEE 9606 11278496 t lperfetto "TAFII 250 Phosphorylates Human Transcription Factor IIA on Serine Residues Important for TBP Binding and Transcription ActivityAdditional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels" SIGNOR-246634 C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "C5 convertase complex (C3bBbC3b)" complex SIGNOR-C315 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000089 cleavage:Arg748 ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 26489954 t "complement C3b fragment: PRO_0000005911" lperfetto "In addition to the surface‐bound C3 convertase, a fluid‐phase convertase can be formed by association of water‐reacted C3, termed C3(H20), to FB thus constantly maintaining a low level of complement activation in solution (tick‐over). Both of the surface‐bound C3 convertases can bind a C3b molecule whereby the C5 convertases are formed. These cleave C5 into C5a and C5b, thus initiating the terminal pathway and leading to formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)." SIGNOR-263480 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 FNTLAFPsMKRKDVV 9606 BTO:0000007 12496252 t lperfetto "In this article we demonstrate that pellino 1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites by irak1 or irak4 in vitro. The key residues involved in activation are located between residues 76 and 86 (ser-76, ser-78, thr-80, ser-82, and thr-86) and at thr-288 and ser-293, just n-terminal to the ring-like domain that carries the e3 ligase activity. Unusually, we found that the phosphorylation of ser-76 or thr-288 or ser-293 alone was sufficient for maximal activation" SIGNOR-96735 DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17335796 f gcesareni "Dlx5 can drive runx2 expression and osteogenic differentiation in developing cranial suture mesenchyme." SIGNOR-153454 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8245028 t MIANNU "The beta- but not the gamma- and delta-type isozymes of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c (plc) are activated by g protein alpha q and beta gamma subunits." SIGNOR-265066 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser57 KKDRFYRsILPGDKT 9534 BTO:0000298 9032240 t miannu "Cdc42 and Rac1 cause alpha-PAK autophosphorylation and kinase activation." SIGNOR-250219 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT SDC2 protein P34741 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser187 DLGERKPsSAAYQKA -1 9244383 t lperfetto "We investigated phosphorylation of syndecan-2 cytoplasmic domain by PKC | Peptide mapping and substitution studies showed that both serines were phosphoacceptors, but each had slightly different affinity, with that of serine-197 being higher than serine-198." SIGNOR-248974 dihydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57451 ChEBI (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57453 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21876184 t lperfetto "Human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was previously thought to be the only enzyme capable of the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate; an essential reaction necessary to ensure a continuous supply of biologically active folate." SIGNOR-268259 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12835716 t gcesareni "C-myc also directly represses transcription of cdk kinase inhibitors including p27kip1, p21cip1, p15ink4b and p16ink4a" SIGNOR-102743 CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser243 DKRKDPSsVDIKKVL -1 10480872 t llicata "The CLK family kinases, CLK1 and CLK2, phosphorylate and activate the tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-1B. | although CLK1 and CLK2 directly phosphorylate PTP-1B on both Ser50 and Ser242/Ser243, the preferred CLK phosphorylation site is Ser50, as it is preferentially phosphorylated at an approximate ratio of 9:1 over the Ser242/Ser243 site." SIGNOR-250776 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr675 ANQMQPDtTSVVKDS 9606 18680479 t miannu "We have identified 16 sites of mps1 autophosphorylation in vitro, several of which are required for catalytic activity / mutation of thr675 to alanine increased mps1 catalytic domain activity, and this was reduced to wt levels by mutation to aspartate" SIGNOR-179904 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21232017 t lperfetto "Tak1 become activated and then phosphorilates and activates ikk2 which in turn now phosphorylates ikba, marking it for k48-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-216396 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF148 protein Q8N7C7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271197 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271051 ACAT1 protein P24752 UNIPROT PDHA2 protein P29803 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 34289383 t lperfetto "We previously reported that the mitochondrial fraction of FLT3 activates acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase ACAT1 in mitochondria via Y407 phosphorylation to acetylate and inhibit mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase A (PDHA) and PDH phosphatase 1 (PDP1)" SIGNOR-267634 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16837009 t gcesareni "A dimeric kinase assembly underlying autophosphorylation in the p21 activated kinasesa key step in the activation process is the phosphorylation of the activation loop of one pak kinase domain by another, but little is known about the underlying recognition events that make this phosphorylation specific." SIGNOR-147874 4-[[5-amino-1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)-oxomethyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:94506 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193549 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT IRX2 protein Q9BZI1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 SASGSAFsPYPGSAA -1 15133517 t miannu "We tested the transcriptional properties of Irx2 by dividing it into amino- and carboxy terminal parts and found that Mek1-mediated phosphorylation activates and derepresses the amino and carboxyl parts, respectively. When Ser46 and Ser65 were mutated to alanine (S46A and S65A), phosphorylation was reduced, whereas substitution of Ser83 and Ser103 (S83A and S103A) did not affect phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263052 "Av/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C175 SIGNOR UTF1 protein Q5T230 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253275 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20610653 f miannu "Type 1 IFNs are induced in a cell type-specific manner through Toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor pathways, both of which activate interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor _B (NF-_B) transcription factors." SIGNOR-260329 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BARD1 protein Q99728 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271102 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SH3BP2 protein P78314 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr183 HDDEDDSyLEPDSPE 9534 BTO:0004055 12709437 t lperfetto "By using the transient expression system in COS-7 cells, we have demonstrated that 3BP2 was predominantly phosphorylated on Tyr174, Tyr183, and Tyr446 when it was coexpressed with Syk" SIGNOR-246592 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887 23324179 f gcesareni "Amp-activated protein kinase inhibits tgf-__-, angiotensin ii-, aldosterone-, high glucose-, and albumin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition." SIGNOR-200404 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser212 DETERAYsFCGTIEY 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "Msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758. Of these sites, the n-terminal t-loop residue ser-212 and the 'hydrophobic motif' ser-376 are phosphorylated by the c-terminal kinase domain of msk1, and their phosphorylation is essential for the catalytic activity of the n-terminal kinase domain of msk1 and therefore for the phosphorylation of msk1 substrates in vitro." SIGNOR-131387 FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253250 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10799545 t "Phosphorylation of p56 dok and p62 dok is increased following CD2 stimulation and requires Lck. Phosphorylation of Dok proteins by Lck might provide a mechanism by which SH2-containing proteins can be recruited and co-localized with their substrates." SIGNOR-251373 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GPHN protein Q9NQX3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser268 ASLSTTPsESPRAQA 9606 BTO:0000142 23408424 t miannu "Erk phosphorylates gephyrin at ser-268 to regulate size of gephyrin postsynaptic scaffold and strength of gabaergic transmission./ Ser-268 phosphorylation restricts gephyrin cluster size via calpain 1 proteolysis" SIGNOR-200953 CTSL protein P07711 UNIPROT S protein P59594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 16081529 t miannu "A cell-free membrane-fusion system demonstrates that engagement of receptor followed by proteolysis is required for SARS-CoV membrane fusion and indicates that cathepsin L is sufficient to activate membrane fusion by SARS-CoV S. These results suggest that SARS-CoV infection results from a unique, three-step process: receptor binding and induced conformational changes in S glycoprotein followed by cathepsin L proteolysis within endosomes. The requirement for cathepsin L proteolysis identifies a previously uncharacterized class of inhibitor for SARS-CoV infection." SIGNOR-260218 DENR protein O43583 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004163 35440133 t miannu "DENR directly regulates JAK2 expression." SIGNOR-269675 DRD4 protein P21917 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256703 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RFPL1 protein O75677 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271147 MBL2 protein P11226 UNIPROT S protein P59594 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001370 20573835 t miannu "We have demonstrated that MBL selectively binds to SARS-S pseudotyped virus and can inhibit SARS-CoV infection in susceptible cell lines. Our results identified a single N-linked glycosylation site, N330, on S glycoprotein as the target for the specific interactions between MBL and SARS-CoV and provide evidence that the viral interaction with MBL did not affect its interaction with the ACE2 receptor. Binding to MBL did not affect SARS-S interactions with the ACE2 receptor. Furthermore, MBL-mediated inhibition occurred at a step prior to CTSL-mediated activation of SARS-S fusion. Thus, we suggest that the binding of the MBL may interfere with the induction of conformational changes within the S glycoprotein and thus prevent an early, postreceptor-binding event." SIGNOR-260285 IFITMs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF49 SIGNOR S protein P59594 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0004126 29263263 f miannu "All three IFITMs significantly inhibited the infection by lentiviral particles pseudotyped with IAV hemagglutinin 1 (H1) and neuraminidase 1 (N1) (IAVpp), Spike protein (S) of HCoV-229E (229Epp), HCoV-NL63 (NL63pp), SARS-CoV (SARSpp), and MERS-CoV (MERSpp) in both HEK293 (Fig. 1B) and Huh7.5 (Fig. 1C) cells." SIGNOR-260230 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT N protein P59595 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys62 TALTQHGkEELRFPR 9606 BTO:0000567 17037517 t lperfetto "In this study, we identified Ubc9 as a host protein that interacts specifically with SARS-CoV N protein. This interaction was verified both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that, in addition to phosphorylation, the N protein was modified by covalent attachment of SUMO to its lysine 62 residue. Evidence provided demonstrated that sumoylation may promote homo-oligomerization of the protein." SIGNOR-260263 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22153608 t "Regulation of Runx activity by TAZ or YAP affects mesenchymal stem cell differentiation." gcesareni "Here we show that the endogenous yes-associated protein (yap), a mediator of src/yes signaling, interacts with the native runx2 protein, an osteoblast-related transcription factor, and suppresses runx2 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner." SIGNOR-195221 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SIGLEC10 protein Q96LC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr597 RHSTILDyINVVPTA 9606 11733002 t lperfetto "These results suggest that the tyrosines at positions 597 and 667, contained within itim-like motifs, are likely targets of phosphorylation by several classes of signaling molecules, including lck, jak3, and emt. The tyrosine located at position y691 was also contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by lck and jak3 kinases. Y597 and y667 are likely involved in intracellular signaling" SIGNOR-112491 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT ZNF268 protein Q14587 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 22235304 f miannu "Here we found that gata-1, a master regulator of erythropoiesis, repressed the promoter activity and transcription of znf268" SIGNOR-195410 PAPOLB protein Q9NRJ5 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19224921 f lperfetto "Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation|In addition to CPSF, IRBIT interacted in vitro with poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is the enzyme recruited by CPSF to elongate the poly(A) tail, and inhibited PAP activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268326 IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT KLF3 protein P57682 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23332504 f fspada "Specifically, il-17 suppresses klf15, a pro-adipogenic tf, and enhances expression of klf2 and klf3, which are anti-adipogenic." SIGNOR-192610 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258513 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257646 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT FGF21 protein Q9NSA1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29091029 f Gianni "Unbiased gene profiling studies revealed Fgf21 as a key negatively regulated Dnmt3a target gene in adipocytes with concordant changes in DNA methylation at the Fgf21 promoter region." SIGNOR-262200 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002104 23370975 f miannu "The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 in both mRNA and protein levels was found to be decreased by overexpressing KLF4, while increased by knockdown of KLF4" SIGNOR-254545 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256724 PPAT protein Q06203 UNIPROT 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58681 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 8106516 t "Two Genes for de Novo Purine Nucleotide Synthesis on Human Chromosome 4 Are Closely Linked and Divergently Transcribed‚Äù" SIGNOR-267190 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr390 DSKFTRQtPVDSPDD 9606 21986499 t gcesareni "Here we report the identification of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) as a novel substrate of PHLPP." SIGNOR-237454 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 22521266 f gcesareni "In conclusion,insulinlikely promotes mkp-3 protein degradation" SIGNOR-197203 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_progress phenotype SIGNOR-PH42 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 24470334 f "The cell cycle regulator p21 is induced early in myoblast differentiation and functions to block cell cycle progression" SIGNOR-251564 CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0003564 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252126 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT MYH1 protein P12882 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238760 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29183 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269500 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR -1 19494114 t "Tumor suppressor density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) inhibits the RAS pathway by direct dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 kinases|Pulldown and in vitro dephosphorylation assays confirmed our prediction and demonstrated an overall specificity of DEP-1 in targeting the phosphorylated tyrosine 204 of ERK1/2." SIGNOR-248707 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1337 QVFYNSEyGELSEPS 9606 BTO:0000394 12881528 t lperfetto "Trans-phosphorylation of activated, dimerized receptor tyrosine kinases is known to be critical for the regulation of kinase activity and for receptor interaction with signal transduction molecules. In this study, we have identified five tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in the vegfr-3 carboxyl-terminal tail." SIGNOR-104088 RCOR1 protein Q9UKL0 UNIPROT "BHC complex" complex SIGNOR-C353 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0000007" 15325272 t miannu "BRAF–HDAC complex (BHC) consisting of six subunit proteins, BRAF35, BHC80, BHC110, HDAC1, HDAC2, and CoREST, has been purified from HeLa and HEK293 cells" SIGNOR-264498 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000459 18621737 t lperfetto "The high affinity of the tradd-traf2 interaction is required for efficient suppression of apoptosis upon stimulation of the tumor necrosis factor receptor1 (tnfr1), tnf-receptor-associated death domain (tradd) provides a scaffold for the assembly of complex i at the plasma membrane by binding receptor interacting protein 1 (rip1), tnfreceptor- associated factor 2 ,traf2 these results provide evidence that tradd can serve as an adaptor protein and recruit traf1, traf2, or both to tnfrsf1a. The demonstration that tradd interacts with traf2 and fadd, and can recruit both to tnfrsf1a, suggested that traf2 and fadd may be involved in tnfrsf1a tradd-mediated signaling. That these interactions define two distinct signaling pathways emanating from tradd (figure 9) is supported by the ability of traf2 and fadd to activate nf-kb and induce apoptosis, respectively." SIGNOR-179446 DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT TRIB3 protein Q96RU7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002183 18940792 f miannu "Exogenous CHOP expression enhanced the TRB3 gene induction by amino acid deprivation." SIGNOR-253839 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT GLMN protein Q92990 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 11571281 t gcesareni "Significantly, nonphosphorylated hgf receptor prevents fap68 from stimulating p70s6k. fap68 binding to met requires the last 30 amino acids of the c-terminal tail, which are unique to the hgf receptor." SIGNOR-110726 1-[4-[[2-(2-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-7-methyl-4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-hydroxy-1-propanone chemical CHEBI:93753 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192607 Hypoxia stimulus SIGNOR-ST25 SIGNOR "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27692180 f miannu "Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor that regulates gene expression under hypoxic conditions (Semenza, 2012, 2010a). HIF-1 consists of two subunits, HIF-1α and HIF-1β. While HIF-1β protein is constitutively expressed and present in excess, HIF-1α protein has a short half-life" SIGNOR-267449 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR NLRP1 protein Q9C000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f lperfetto "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-256425 EID1 protein Q9Y6B2 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 11073989 t lperfetto "Here, we show that EID-1 is a potent inhibitor of differentiation and link this activity to its ability to inhibit p300 (and the highly related molecule, CREB-binding protein, or CBP) histone acetylation activity." SIGNOR-253380 SPAG9 protein O60271 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT unknown binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222;BTO:0002181 SIGNOR-C21 22337877 t lperfetto "Cdo and jlp interacted with ask1 or tak1 in 293t cells and c2c12 myoblasts" SIGNOR-235548 MAD2L1 protein Q13257 UNIPROT MCC complex SIGNOR-C382 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25092294 t miannu "The mitotic (or spindle assembly) checkpoint system delays anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. When the checkpoint is active, a Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) assembles and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). MCC is composed of the checkpoint proteins Mad2, BubR1, and Bub3 associated with the APC/C activator Cdc20." SIGNOR-265973 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr236 RTRSRRLtFRKNISK 9606 11583630 t lperfetto "Activated akt binds to edg-1 and phosphorylates the third intracellular loop at the t(236) residue. Transactivation of edg-1 by akt is not required for g(i)-dependent signaling but is indispensable for rac activation, cortical actin assembly, and chemotaxis" SIGNOR-252467 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257674 (D-Ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly-ol(5))enkephalin chemical CHEBI:272 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258784 PAX7-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP11 SIGNOR PDGFA protein P04085 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t miannu "Several deregulated signalling pathways enhance cell growth by modulating cell-cycle regulatory factors in RMS. The most frequently affected signalling pathways include the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In ARMS, PAX-FOXO1 activates these pathways by transcriptional activation of receptor genes including IGFR1, FGFR4, MET (c-Met), and PDGFRA." SIGNOR-251567 N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91399 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258087 RNF167 protein Q9H6Y7 UNIPROT SLC22A18 protein Q96BI1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16314844 t miannu " Here, we present evidences indicating that RING105, a novel conserved RING-finger protein with a PA (protease-associated) domain and a PEST sequence, is a ubiquitin ligase for TSSC5 that can function in concert with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH6. The polyubiquitin target site on TSSC5 was mapped to a region in the 6th hydrophilic loop." SIGNOR-271551 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys57 TIVRRRAkGAMGLEH 9606 BTO:0000801 20626350 t gcesareni "A recent report shows that mkp1 may also be regulated by acetylation. When raw macrophages are stimulated with lps, mkp1 becomes acetylated on lys57 by p300" SIGNOR-166581 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t lperfetto "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)" SIGNOR-264664 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Thr451 PIPKALGtPVLTPPT 9606 15538382 t lperfetto "Upon treatment of cells with h2o2, the small gtpase ral is activated and this results in a jnk-dependent phosphorylation of foxo4 on threonine 447 and threonine 451. This ral-mediated, jnk-dependent phosphorylation is involved in the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of foxo4 after h2o2 treatment." SIGNOR-252964 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT ANGPT2 protein O15123 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15889140 t Luana "We finally observed that the forced expression of Evi1 induced GATA-2 expression in a hematopoietic cell line, EML C1, along with GATA-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie2 " SIGNOR-266060 SPTAN1 protein Q13813 UNIPROT Membrane_blebbing phenotype SIGNOR-PH24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9624143 f "Cleaved by CASP3" amattioni "A-fodrin cleavage contributes to blebbing" SIGNOR-57897 UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT TRIM22 protein Q8IYM9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18656448 t miannu " It was found that TRIM22 underwent self-ubiquitylation in vitro in combination with the E2 enzyme UbcH5B and the ubiquitylation was dependent on its RING finger domain. Further evidences showed that TRIM22 could also be self-ubiquitylated in vivo. Importantly, TRIM22 was conjugated with poly-ubiquitin chains and stabilized by the proteasome inhibitor in 293T cells, suggesting that TRIM22 targeted itself for proteasomal degradation through the poly-ubiquitylation. We also found that TRIM22 was located in the nucleus, indicating that TRIM22 might function as a nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-271779 LTBR protein P36941 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12571250 t lperfetto "Endogenous association of traf2, traf3, ciap1, and smac with lymphotoxin beta receptor reveals a novel mechanism of apoptosis." SIGNOR-97950 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 SIGNOR-C6 21131905 t fspada "These results highlight the substrate and site specificities of hats in cells, demonstrate the distinct roles of gcn5/pcaf- and cbp/p300-mediated histone acetylations in gene activation, and suggest an important role of cbp/p300-mediated h3k18/27ac in nr-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-265328 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser166 SSRRRAIsETEENSD 9606 15688025 t gcesareni "Hdm2 phosphorylation by mapkap kinase 2 enhances hdm2 activity and promote the degradation of p53." SIGNOR-133560 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 17317136 t lperfetto "Recruitment of ww and hect domain e3-ubiquitin ligases smurf1 and 2 to induce type i receptor ubiquitination and subsequent receptor degradation" SIGNOR-253264 PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 SIGNOR-C98 10593990 t "Gamma secretase subunit that leads a proteolitic cleavage through Asp257 and Asp385 after transport to cell surface." gcesareni "Presenilin-1 (ps1), a polytopic membrane protein primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, is required for efficient proteolysis of both notch and beta-amyloid precursor protein (app) within their trans- membrane domains." SIGNOR-72886 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "A novel multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib (Figure 1), inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, that play key roles in angiogenesis, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (TIE2) and the mutant oncogenic kinase KIT, RET, B-RAF" SIGNOR-259177 KIF7 protein Q2M1P5 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10090 19549984 t lperfetto "Kif7 physically interacted with Gli transcription factors and controlled their proteolysis and stability, and acted both positively and negatively in Hh signaling." SIGNOR-209608 SRSF3 protein P84103 UNIPROT NXF1 protein Q9UBU9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18364396 t miannu "9g8 and srp20 also enhance the tap rna-binding activity" SIGNOR-178111 PCF11 protein O94913 UNIPROT "CFII complex" complex SIGNOR-C387 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30139799 t lperfetto "Cleavage factor II (CF II) is a poorly characterized component of the multiprotein complex catalyzing 3' cleavage and polyadenylation of mammalian mRNA precursors. We have reconstituted CF II as a heterodimer of hPcf11 and hClp1." SIGNOR-266119 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg391 SPSFIQIrSVAKKHP -1 10350471 t lperfetto "N-Terminal sequencing along with time courses of proteolysis indicated that VIIa-TF/PL cleaved factor VIII first at R740, followed by concomitant cleavage at R336 and R372. |hus, heavy chain cleavage of factor VIII by VIIa-TF/PL produces an inactive factor VIII cofactor no longer capable of activation by thrombin." SIGNOR-263642 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA -1 11323415 t Luana "JNK1 directly phosphorylates Bcl2 at Ser70 in vitro and co-localizes with Bcl2 in mitochondrial membranes in vivo." SIGNOR-261133 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 TVNQSLLsPLVLEVD 9606 11788583 t lperfetto "Keratin 8 (k8) serine 73 occurs within a relatively conserved type ii keratin motif . Here we show that ser-73 is exclusively phosphorylated in vitro by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The ser-73 --> ala-associated filament reorganization defect is rescued by a ser-73 --> asp mutation. Also, disease-causing keratin mutations can modulate keratin phosphorylation and organization, which may affect disease pathogenesis." SIGNOR-114075 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT SDC2 protein P34741 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser187 DLGERKPsSAAYQKA -1 9244383 t lperfetto "We investigated phosphorylation of syndecan-2 cytoplasmic domain by PKC | Peptide mapping and substitution studies showed that both serines were phosphoacceptors, but each had slightly different affinity, with that of serine-197 being higher than serine-198." SIGNOR-248975 ADSS2 protein P30520 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267345 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT MYBL1 protein P10243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 9210395 t 2 miannu "CBP co-operates functionally with A-Myb" SIGNOR-240984 AMER1 protein Q5JTC6 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Apc membrane recruitment protein 1 (amer1;alsoknownas wtx)" SIGNOR-199375 APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 20642861 t miannu "ApoA-I increases cholesterol release in mature human adipocytes." SIGNOR-252104 ACD protein Q96AP0 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17237768 t miannu "We find that tpp1 and pot1 form a complex with telomeric dna that increases the activity and processivity of the human telomerase core enzyme." SIGNOR-152321 TPH1 protein P17752 UNIPROT 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:17780 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "In serotonergic neurons Trp serves as the precursor for 5-HT. The 5-HT metabolic pathway is initiated by Trp being hydroxylated to the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to become 5-HT|Thus, the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of 5-HT is the hydroxylation of Trp which is catalyzed by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) (Figure 1). This enzyme is specific for 5-HT producing cells, however, it is present in two different isoforms, TPH1 and TPH2 [reviewed in (22, 23)]." SIGNOR-264010 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAP1B protein P46821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 25040932 t lperfetto "GSK-3beta phosphorylates MAP1B and the adenomatous polyposis coil gene product (APC; Grimes and Jope 2001; Frame and Cohen 2001). The phosphorylation of MAP1B by GSK-3beta suppresses detyrosination of microtubules and decreases the numbers of stable microtubules" SIGNOR-264843 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr529 TPGSRSRtPSLPTPP 9606 BTO:0000142 20308788 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Among the sites studied, thr205, thr212, ser214, and ser262 were the most favorable sites, and ser199 and ser404 were the least favorable sites for pp2a in vitro." SIGNOR-164675 AKAP9 protein Q99996 UNIPROT TRIP10 protein Q15642 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000182;BTO:0000666 27039663 t Giulio "Mechanistically, AKAP-9 interacted with cdc42 interacting protein 4 (CIP4) and regulated its expression. CIP4 levels were interrelated to the AKAP-9 level in CRC cells. Functionally, AKAP-9 was essential for TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells, and CIP4 played a critical role in mediating the function of AKAP-9. Importantly, CIP4 expression was significantly up-regulated in human CRC tissues.|Co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that AKAP-9 and CIP4 physically interacted with each other in Lovo and HT29 cells (Fig. 4B and C)." SIGNOR-260303 SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT SPDYA protein Q5MJ70 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C305 33015044 t lperfetto "In this study, we found that SUN1 not only interacted with TERB1 but also interacted with MAJIN, and the interaction of SUN1 with MAJIN is stronger than TERB1. We also found that SUN1 interacted with SPDYA, an activator of CDK2. | Taken together, we speculate that speedy A is likely capable of interacting with both telomeres and the LINC complex and thus might function as the missing linkage between telomeres and the LINC complex during prophase I, stabilizing the telomere–NE connection" SIGNOR-263301 HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257221 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 BTO:0000017 15647376 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ezrin is required for both conformational activation and for signaling to downstream events. The activating c-terminal threonine phosphorylation on t567 was first described to be downstream of the rho pathway (matsui et al., 1998). Additional studies have implicated protein kinase c (pkc)  in the phosphorylation of ezrin t567." SIGNOR-133223 SOCS4 protein Q8WXH5 UNIPROT CUL5 protein Q93034 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 24210661 t miannu "SOCS7 promotes Dab1 polyubiquitylation and degradation. SOCS7-CRL5 complexes stimulate the ubiquitylation and turnover of Dab1. SOCS7, a CRL5 substrate adaptor protein, is also required for neocortical layering. SOCS7-CRL5 complexes stimulate the ubiquitylation and turnover of Dab1." SIGNOR-272141 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 19450681 t lperfetto "Tyrosine y1001, which when phosphorylated upon met activation, is involved in cbl recruitment, allowing receptor ubiquitination and down regulation" SIGNOR-185680 CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT CyclinD3/CDK11A complex SIGNOR-C542 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 12082095 t lperfetto "Interaction of p58(PITSLRE), a G2/M-specific protein kinase, with cyclin D3|" SIGNOR-273117 "dibutyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:535597 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 33508418 t miannu "Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have proved that DBP is a real activator of PPARα. he current study proves that plasticizer DBP has severe hepatotoxicity and could induce liver dysfunction even at normal doses after prolonged exposure. DBP might accumulate in the liver for a long time to activate PPARα/SREBP-1c/FAS/GPAT/AMPK and result in the accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver." SIGNOR-268748 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT GEMIN4 protein P57678 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 23022481 t lperfetto "Here, we report that FUS associates with the SMN complex, mediated by U1 snRNP and by direct interactions between FUS and SMN.|The FUS IP and pulldown revealed that FUS also associates with components of the SMN complex, including SMN and Gemins 4 and 6 |Remarkably, the number of SMN-stained nuclear bodies was dramatically reduced in the FUS knockdown cells" SIGNOR-262105 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLPRPE 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252486 Amyloid_fibril_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH59 SIGNOR DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 15229249 f "Exposure of the cultures to beta-amyloid peptide (βAP) induced the expression of the secreted glycoprotein Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). " SIGNOR-255482 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT SNCB protein Q16143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 LMEPEGEsYEDPPQE -1 10852916 t "GRK5 prefers alpha-synuclein as a substrate. GRK-mediated phosphorylation inhibits synuclein's interaction with both phospholipids and PLD2. Mutation of Ser118 practically abolishes Œ≤-synuclein phosphorylation by both GRK2 and GRK5" SIGNOR-251203 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADD3 protein Q9UEY8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser693 KKKFRTPsFLKKNKK -1 11895774 t lperfetto "Results of in vitro experiments with recombinant alpha adducin demonstrated that PKC-phosphorylated adducin was proteolyzed by calpain more quickly than unphosphorylated adducin. | Phosphorylation of adducin by PKC may be a common mechanism for regulating adducin proteolysis by several proteases. | The antibody used in panel B is specific for the PKC-phosphorylated form of adducin. This antibody was raised against the phosphopeptide CKKFRTP[pS]FLKKNK, corresponding to amino acids 656-668 of human gamma adducin" SIGNOR-249143 Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21041482 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266970 ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256812 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr432 KEGWMVHyTSKDTLR 9606 BTO:0000567 12637538 t gcesareni "Here we report that PKD is tyrosine-phosphorylated within the PH domain, leading to activation. [..] Mutation of the other two sites, Tyr432 and Tyr502, had no significant influence on PKD activity." SIGNOR-246211 MSH2/MSH6 complex SIGNOR-C60 SIGNOR BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15064730 t lperfetto "We show that the recombinant hmsh2/6 protein complex stimulated the ability of the bloom's syndrome gene product, blm, to process holliday junctions in vitro" SIGNOR-217223 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser386 LRGAQAAsPAKGEPS 9606 BTO:0000567 8491187 t llicata "Ptp1b is phosphorylated on ser386 by p34cdc2 in vivo." SIGNOR-39233 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C503 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270880 ADSL protein P30566 UNIPROT fumarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29806 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-266606 pentazocine chemical CHEBI:7982 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258935 GRM1 protein Q13255 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264932 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT CHD2 protein O14647 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 26895424 t miannu "Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the dominant DSB repair pathway in human cells, but our understanding of how it operates in chromatin is limited. Here, we define a mechanism that plays a crucial role in regulating NHEJ in chromatin. This mechanism is initiated by DNA damage-associated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which recruits the chromatin remodeler CHD2 through a poly(ADP-ribose)-binding domain. CHD2 in turn triggers rapid chromatin expansion and the deposition of histone variant H3.3 at sites of DNA damage." SIGNOR-264526 "Factor VIIIa-IXa" complex SIGNOR-C320 SIGNOR F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 10090 BTO:0000131 25769543 t lperfetto "The present data point to key roles of FVIII and FIX in FX activation at the site of a platelet thrombus by supporting: (i) thrombin generation, (ii) thrombus growth and platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, and (iii) fibrin formation at the platelet surface. The likely mechanism is that tenase activity via FVIIIa and FIXa, which is confined to the sites of platelet thrombi, generates FXa that directly catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin." SIGNOR-263538 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15626738 f "FLT3-ITD-TKD dual mutants induce hyperactivation of STAT5 and up-regulation of its downstream targets Bcl-x(L) and RAD51 in Ba/F3 cells" SIGNOR-261550 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257976 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr491 PQQRNALtPTTIPDG 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180784 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser635 DTHFRSPsSSVGSPP 9606 19815529 t lperfetto "We show that ampk down-regulates rrna synthesis under glucose restriction by phosphorylating the rna polymerase i (pol i)-associated transcription factor tif-ia at a single serine residue (ser-635)." SIGNOR-216592 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT S100A10 protein P60903 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0002923 12645529 f miannu "The effect of interferon (IFN)-gamma on p11 expression was studied in two human epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and HeLa). Treatment with IFN-gamma resulted in increased steady-state levels of p11 mRNA and protein expression, with a time-dependent and dose-dependent effect." SIGNOR-255236 TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205443 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 10655479 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Specifically, down-regulation of mature prs occurs by a mechanism in which ligand binding activates pr phosphorylation by mapks at a unique serine residue, which then targets the receptors for degradation." SIGNOR-270040 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002552 27664236 t miannu "Here, we found that CUL3 interacts with ACLY through its adaptor protein, KLHL25 (Kelch-like family member 25), to ubiquitinate and degrade ACLY in cells. " SIGNOR-272335 TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT S protein P59594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 32142651 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming." SIGNOR-260217 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT N protein P59595 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp403 LPAADMDdFSRQLQN 9534 BTO:0001444 18155731 t Luana "Caspase-6 is activated through the intrinsic pathway and mediates C-terminal cleavage of SARS-CoV N at residues 400 and 403" SIGNOR-260212 KATNB1 protein Q9BVA0 UNIPROT KATNA1 protein O75449 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10751153 t miannu "In its active ATP-bound state, KATNA1 forms hexameric rings capable of binding to and severing microtubule polymers. Typically, KATNA1 binding to KATNB1 enhances severing, likely due to KATNB1 increasing the stability of the KATNA1 hexamer" SIGNOR-267173 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9606 BTO:0000007 20048145 t lperfetto "Herein, we demonstrate that the n-terminal kinase domain (ntk) of rsk1 is necessary for interactions with pkarialpha. Substitution of the activation loop phosphorylation site (ser-221) in the ntk with the negatively charged asp residue abrogated the association between rsk1 and pkarialpha." SIGNOR-252785 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT GP1BA protein P07359 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17725493 f miannu "We and others have previously shown that RUNX1 and GATA-1 physically interact and cooperate in the activation of megakaryocytic promoters such as alpha IIb integrin and glycoprotein Ibalpha." SIGNOR-254191 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR KCNK18 protein Q7Z418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser252 QAMERSNsCPELVLG -1 18397886 t miannu "Phosphorylation of serine 264 in mouse TRESK was required for the binding of 14-3-3η. PKA was used to phosphorylate serine 264 in our further in vitro experiments." SIGNOR-263154 "STX11-SNAP23 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C272 SIGNOR Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 22767500 f lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23. |The SNAREs form transmembrane complexes that mediate membrane fusion and granule cargo release." SIGNOR-261899 etorphine chemical CHEBI:4912 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258803 SLC27A4 protein Q6P1M0 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264465 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1343 FSDFDEKtDDEDFVP 9606 18062778 t llicata "The direct phosphorylation of thr(1342) of topoisomerase iialpha by plk3 was demonstrated with an in vitro kinase assay, and overexpression of plk3 induced the phosphorylation of thr(1342) in cellular topoisomerase iialpha. it is possible that plk3 regulates the activity of topoisomerase iia by phosphorylation in a cell-cycle dependent manner. Another possibility is that plk3 regulates the activity of topoisomerase iia when the checkpoint is activated." SIGNOR-159596 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT Myoblast_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH98 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19725819 f areggio "In the cytoplasm where the activated CaMKII localises it induces signalling pathways that are mainly involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of contractile protein" SIGNOR-255955 LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT ZBTB8A protein Q96BR9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19668196 t miannu "LNX (ligand of Numb protein-X) is a RING finger and four PDZ domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. Lnx-l induced K48-linked polyubiquitylation of Boz, leading to its proteasomal degradation in human 293T cells and in zebrafish embryos." SIGNOR-272777 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 21460634 t miannu "AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is activated by LKB1/Strad/Mo25 upon high AMP levels, stimulates autophagy by inhibiting mTORC1." SIGNOR-216418 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_progress phenotype SIGNOR-PH42 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 increased foxo3's ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-267283 LDHA protein P00338 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000164 9192621 f "The lactate dehydrogenase-A gene (LDH-A), whose product participates in normal anaerobic glycolysis and is frequently increased in human cancers, was identified as a c-Myc-responsive gene." SIGNOR-259370 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser344 CGRPDPSsFSRAREA 9606 BTO:0000007 11085981 t lperfetto "In the current study, we identified a PKC-mediated phosphorylation site in the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) and demonstrated that activation of PKC by stimulation of other types of GPCR or increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration in HEK 293 cells induces heterologous phosphorylation of DOR. Our results further established that DOR phosphorylation at Ser-344 by PKC results in internalization of DOR in HEK 293 cells through a beta-arrestin- and clathrin-mediated mechanism." SIGNOR-249062 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser95 RAVSREDsQRPGAHL 9606 7727389 t gcesareni "A survey of seven protein kinases showed that a1 was heavily phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) and also was phosphorylated by casein kinase iiamino acid sequencing revealed that these sites were ser95, ser192, and ser199;phosphorylation at ser192 was more abundant than at ser95 and ser199. Phosphorylation by pkc inhibited the strand annealing activity of a1." SIGNOR-32291 PLD2 protein O14939 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18423386 f mrosina "Altogether, these data suggest that PLD acting upstream of the MAP kinases ERK1/2 may play a key role in the regulation of IL-2 production by stimulated Jurkat cells." SIGNOR-254983 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr320 SKYNAEStERESQDT 9606 18667537 t llicata "This jnk phosphorylation of ps1 at ser(319)thr(320) enhances the stability of the ps1 c-terminal fragment that is necessary for gamma-secretase activity." SIGNOR-179680 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ERCC6L protein Q2NKX8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1063 VKQFDAStPKNDISP 9606 17218258 t lperfetto "Following phosphorylation of pich on the cdk1 site t1063, plk1 is recruited to pich and controls its localization. Starting in prometaphase, pich accumulates at kinetochores and inner centromeres." SIGNOR-152133 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 15730925 f irozzo "PKC-alpha asODN (antisense oligonucleotides) could inhibit the growth and proliferation of HepG2 and induce its apoptosis by blocking the cell signal transduction related to PKC-alpha in vitro, and may be potentially used in the prevention and management of recurrent and metastatic HCC." SIGNOR-256266 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr43 KVTTVVAtPGQGPDR 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000680 16039586 t lperfetto "Erk, which is activated by hbx, associates with gsk-3beta through a docking motif ((291)fkfp) of gsk-3beta and phosphorylates gsk-3beta at the (43)thr residue, which primes gsk-3beta for its subsequent phosphorylation at ser9 by p90rsk, resulting in inactivation of gsk-3beta and upregulation of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-138894 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8816440 t "Most breast, skin, lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract tumors express ErbB-3, and heterodimerization of this receptor with ErbB-2, may be involved in some cancers." gcesareni "Although erbb-2 binds neither ligand, even in a heterodimeric receptor complex, it is the preferred heterodimer partner of the three other members, and it favors interaction with erbb-3." SIGNOR-43841 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT LTB4R2 protein Q9NPC1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr324 GGRSREGtMELRTTP 9606 22044535 t llicata "Blt2 phosphorylation at thr355 by akt is necessary for blt2-mediated chemotaxis." SIGNOR-252516 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258843 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004473 19049325 f miannu "FGF2 increases PC-1 and Ank expression while inhibiting Tnap expression in primary pre-osteoblast cells. Additionally, we show that the induction of PC-1 by FGF2 is cell type specific and mediated by the transcription factor, Runx2." SIGNOR-252192 WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 20159598 f "Hippo pathway" Gianni "These results shed light on the mechanism of Ex and Mer function and implicate Kibra as a potential tumor suppressor with relevance to neurofibromatosis." SIGNOR-261954 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10929711 t gcesareni "Diablo seem to function as a general iaps neutralizer by binding to these protein. Diablo promotes casp9 activation by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, iaps, and removing their inhibitory activity. mitochondrial survivin associated with smac/diablo, delaying its release." SIGNOR-80212 HARS1 protein P12081 UNIPROT His-tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29155 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10430027 t miannu "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. This amino acid has uniquely moderate basic properties and is an important group in many catalytic functions of enzymes." SIGNOR-270490 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259047 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT INCENP protein Q9NQS7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser894 RYHKRTSsAVWNSPP 9606 12925766 t gcesareni "Human incenp was a substrate of aurora b and mass spectrometry identified three consecutive residues (threonine 893, serine 894, and serine 895) containing at least two phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-118015 neratinib chemical CHEBI:61397 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258255 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257653 MMP23B protein O75900 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272367 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser474 RTHFPQFsYSASIRE 9606 15743829 t lperfetto "Akt1 and akt2 are phosphorylated and activated by the protein kinase pdk1 at thr-308 or thr-309, respectively, in the activation t-loop, and further activation occurs through phosphorylation at ser-473 or ser-474, respectively. Pdk1 phosphorylates akt-2 at thr 309 in the catalytic domain, leading to enzymatic activation." SIGNOR-134481 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 EPIQMENsMGTLRTS 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251460 "DNA polymerase gamma" complex SIGNOR-C378 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19837034 f lperfetto "DNA Pol gamma, in contrast to the many nuclear DNA polymerases (DNAPs) that have specialized functions, is solely responsible for DNA replication and repair in mitochondria. " SIGNOR-265723 clemastine chemical CHEBI:3738 ChEBI P2RX7 protein Q99572 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 21262970 t Luana "Clemastine potentiates the human P2X7 receptor by sensitizing it to lower ATP concentrations." SIGNOR-257893 BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT MCC complex SIGNOR-C382 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25092294 t miannu "The mitotic (or spindle assembly) checkpoint system delays anaphase until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. When the checkpoint is active, a Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) assembles and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). MCC is composed of the checkpoint proteins Mad2, BubR1, and Bub3 associated with the APC/C activator Cdc20." SIGNOR-265974 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser398 WKRLRSHsRQYVSGL 9606 15328002 t gcesareni "Two amino acid residues (ser396, ser398) on hr1 were determined to be pkc phosphorylation sites by in vitro phosphorylation studies.Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggests that the ser398 residue was primarily involved in pkc-mediated desensitization. Possibly, phosphorylation of the residues is required for receptor transport from endosomes to lysosomes." SIGNOR-128415 GDP smallmolecule CHEBI:17552 ChEBI GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 17095603 t gcesareni "Galfa subunits cycle between inactive (GDP-bound) and active (GTP-bound) states, and the lifetime of the active state is limited by GTP hydrolysis." SIGNOR-253072 SEC23IP protein Q9Y6Y8 UNIPROT SEC23A protein Q15436 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 10400679 t lperfetto "The results showed that the N-terminal region of p125 is important for the interaction with Sec23p. We confirmed the interaction between the two proteins by a yeast two-hybrid assay. Overexpression of p125, like that of mammalian Sec23p, caused disorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment and Golgi apparatus, suggesting its role in the early secretory pathway." SIGNOR-265307 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser664 QSAFAGFsFVNPKFE 10090 BTO:0000944 11959144 t "PP2A(c) displayed the highest specific activity towards PKCdelta. The role of PP2A(c) in the dephosphorylation of PKCdelta in cells was supported by the demonstration that these proteins could be co-immunoprecipitated from NIH3T3 cells.|In conclusion, the evidence here indicates that PKCdelta de-phosphorylation and hence inactivation is effected by PP2A with which it forms a complex" SIGNOR-248596 UPF2 protein Q9HAU5 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 31636381 f miannu "Our data indicate that proper synaptic plasticity and cognitive function requires UPF2. " SIGNOR-265235 CAPN3 protein P20807 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25969760 t lperfetto "Besides tau phosphorylation, calpain activation might play a role in tau-mediated neurodegeneration by inducing tau cleavage. In vitro studies have shown that both fetal and adult tau isoforms are rapidly proteolyzed by calpains" SIGNOR-251605 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI Vascular_Permeability phenotype SIGNOR-PH140 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001176 24078390 f "VEGF pathway" Gianni "After a period of controversial reports, evidence based on eNOS knockout mice and on eNOS-depleted EC established that microvascular hyperpermeability in response to an inflammatory challenge is regulated mainly by endothelial cells through eNOS-derived NO" SIGNOR-261947 "C5 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C312 SIGNOR C5 protein P01031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg751 HKDMQLGrLHMKTLL 31331124 t lperfetto "Association of C3b with C3 convertases (C3bBb or C4b2a) results in formation of C5 convertases, C3bBbC3b and C4b2aC3b, which initiate the lytic pathway by cleavage of C5 to C5a and C5b" SIGNOR-263453 RHOBTB3 protein O94955 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24145166 t miannu "Here we show that RhoBTB3, a Golgi-associated, Rho-related ATPase, regulates the S/G2 transition of the cell cycle by targeting cyclin E for ubiquitylation. Depletion of RhoBTB3 arrested cells in S phase, triggered Golgi fragmentation, and elevated cyclin E levels. On the Golgi, RhoBTB3 bound cyclin E as part of a Cullin3 (CUL3)-dependent RING-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex comprised of RhoBTB3, CUL3, and RBX1." SIGNOR-272131 MRPS24 protein Q96EL2 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261436 "SB 505124" chemical CHEBI:100922 ChEBI ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206736 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257472 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16571722 t gcesareni "We find that posh and jips directly associate with one another to form a multiprotein complex, pjac (posh-jip apoptotic complex), that includes all of the known kinase components of the pathway. Our observations indicate that this complex is required for jnk activation and cell death in response to apoptotic stimuli." SIGNOR-145393 SYNE2 protein Q8WXH0 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263283 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Asp-tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29158 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269547 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1021 PNEGDNDyIIPLPDP 10090 BTO:0002572 14966296 t "The PDGF beta receptor is negatively regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs).|In summary, our findings identify TC-PTP as a previously unrecognized negative regulator of PDGF beta receptor signaling and support the general notion that PTPs display site selectivity in their action on tyrosine kinase receptors.The fact that two of the investigated PDGF β receptor sites, Y1021 and Y771, displayed a larger increase in phosphorylation than Y579 and Y751 in TC-PTP ko MEFs indicated that these two sites are preferred substrates for TC-PTP." SIGNOR-248390 HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "Chaperone-mediated autophagy" phenotype SIGNOR-PH118 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" -1 2799391 f "A 73-kilodalton (kD) intracellular protein was found to bind to peptide regions that target intracellular proteins for lysosomal degradation in response to serum withdrawal. This protein cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody raised to a member of the 70-kD heat shock protein (hsp70) family, and sequences of two internal peptides of the 73-kD protein confirm that it is a member of this family." SIGNOR-259991 D-106669 chemical CID:16048654 PUBCHEM PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252649 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32446778 f "doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003" miannu "Interleukin-6 (IL-6) deserves a more extensive discussion in view of its involvement in the coronavirus-induced cytokine storm. The production of this cytokine is increased by IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α)" SIGNOR-260856 GZMB protein P10144 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11081635 t gcesareni "The serine proteinase granzyme b is crucial for the rapid induction of target cell apoptosis by cytotoxic t cells. We now present evidence that this receptor is the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor receptor (ci-mpr). Inhibition of the granzyme b ci-mpr interaction prevented granzyme b cell surface binding, uptake, and the induction of apoptosis." SIGNOR-84314 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 15735151 t gcesareni "Activated dvl binds and inhibits the phosphorylation of beta catenin by gsk3beta/alfa, blocking beta catenin degradation), so that beta catenin accumulates and translocates to the nucleus, where it interacts with the t cell specific factor (tcf)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (lef-1) transcription factor and induces the transcription of target genes such as c-jun, c-myc, and cyclin d1" SIGNOR-134219 ARID1B protein Q8NFD5 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270702 RIMBP2 protein O15034 UNIPROT RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264366 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT CARHSP1 protein Q9Y2V2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser41 LRGNVVPsPLPTRRT 9606 21177848 t gcesareni "Ser41 is known to be phosphorylated by a dyrk isoform in serum-fed or -starved cells (21). A phosphomimetic mutation of ser41 to asp resulted in complete loss of human crhsp-24 binding ability whether in the oxidative state or not" SIGNOR-170781 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR JUND protein P17535 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22327296 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Menin binds the jun family transcription factor jund and inhibits its transcriptional activity. The menin-jund interaction blocks jun n-terminal kinase (jnk)-mediated jund phosphorylation and suppresses jund-induced transcription. We found a role for phosphorylation of the ser100 residue of jund;jund phosphorylation were prevented by inhibitors of calcium, calmodulin, or erk1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-270083 OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257106 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 18423396 f fspada "Akt1/Pkb-alpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export of Foxo1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-178281 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12771128 t gcesareni "Vegf acts by binding to two high affinity receptor tyrosine kinases: vegf receptor (vegfr)* 1 also called flt-1, and vegfr-2, also called flk-1/kdr a dominant-negative mutant of high cell densityenhanced ptp 1 (dep-1)//cd148 as well as reduction of its expression by rna interference partially restore vegfr-2 phosphorylation and map kinase activation." SIGNOR-101272 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK2 protein Q9HBY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser416 SSAFLGFsYAPEDDD 10548550 t miannu "SGK2 and SGK3 are activated in vitro by PDK1, albeit more slowly than SGK1, and their activation is accompanied by the phosphorylation of Thr(193) and Thr(253) respectively. The PDK1-catalysed phosphorylation and activation of SGK2 and SGK3, like SGK1, is greatly potentiated by mutating Ser(356) and Ser(419) respectively to Asp, these residues being equivalent to the C-terminal phosphorylation site of PKB." SIGNOR-250376 miR-199a mirna URS0000759977_9606 RNAcentral MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 26055960 t miannu "Our results suggest that activating mutation of FLT3 in AML can lead, to increased expression of miR-155, which then causes down-regulation of SPI1 and CEBPB and consequently causes block of myeloid differentiation." SIGNOR-255803 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 inhibited foxo3's ability to induce cell death." SIGNOR-256644 GSK2126458 chemical CID:25167777 PUBCHEM PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252645 GCM2 protein O75603 UNIPROT PTH protein P01270 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004712 20558332 f miannu "We found that GCMB binds to the PTH gene 5'-promoter (-390/-383 bp) and positively regulates its transcription." SIGNOR-254200 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT KIF1C protein O43896 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1092 PRMRRQRsAPDLKES -1 10559254 t llicata "Serine 1092 was a substrate for the protein kinase casein kinase II in vitro, and inhibition of casein kinase II in cells diminished the association of KIF1C with 14-3-3gamma. Our data thus suggest that KIF1C can form dimers and is associated with proteins of the 14-3-3 family." SIGNOR-251010 IDH3G protein P51553 UNIPROT IDH complex SIGNOR-C396 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the α2βγ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-266247 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is responsible for apoptosis execution" SIGNOR-256638 RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15454084 t gcesareni "Ryk also binds to dishevelled, through which it activates the canonical wnt, providing a link between wnt and dishevelled." SIGNOR-129568 FBXW8 protein Q8N3Y1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1. We next investigated whether in vitro ubiquitination of cyclin D1 through the SCF-like (SCFL) complex FBXW8 (SKP1-CUL7-FBXW8-RBX1/SCFLFBXW8) requires phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 (Fig. 3F). Polyubiquitination through SCFLFBXW8 was dramatically reduced by the depletion of ERK2 (lane 2). Furthermore, cyclin D1 polyubiquitination was largely prevented by the alanine-for-Thr286 substitution (T286A, lane 3), suggesting that phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 is necessary for ubiquitination by SCFLFBXW8." SIGNOR-271632 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr67 NASLESLySACSMQS 9606 10871840 t lperfetto "Grb10 tyrosine phosphorylation was stimulated by expression of constitutively active src or fyn in cells and by incubation with purified src or fyn in vitro. The insulin stimulated or src/fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo was significantly reduced when grb10 tyrosine 67 was changed to glycine. This mutant form of grb10 bound with higher affinity to the ir in cells than that of the wild-type protein, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of grb10 may normally negatively regulate its binding to the ir." SIGNOR-78702 TAGAP protein Q8N103 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260524 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT PAK6 protein Q9NQU5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr566 KSLVGTPyWMAPEVI 9606 15550393 t llicata "Moreover, pak6 was directly activated by mkk6, and mutation of tyrosine 566 in a consensus mkk6 site (threonine-proline-tyrosine, tpy) in the activation loop of the pak6 kinase domain prevented activation by mkk6." SIGNOR-130975 C1QBP protein Q07021 UNIPROT C1QC protein P02747 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C308 28018340 t lperfetto "Previous studies have shown that gC1qR inhibits aggregated IgG-mediated complement activation by binding to the gC1q site on C1q, thereby preventing IgG from binding to the gh’s (28), suggesting that the binding sites for gC1qR and IgG on C1q may be identical or at least overlapping." SIGNOR-263404 "episterol ester" smallmolecule CHEBI:52393 ChEBI CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000142 29751000 t miannu "2-AG is an endocannabinoid that activates the cannabinoid CB1 receptor." SIGNOR-264266 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser378 SKKGQSTsRHKKLMF 9606 9315650 t llicata "The cdk7-cych-p36 complex of transcription factor iih phosphorylates p53, enhancing its sequence-specific dna binding activity in vitro.  serines 371, 376, 378, and 392 may be the potential sites for this kinase." SIGNOR-269325 phenformin chemical CHEBI:8064 ChEBI KCNJ8 protein Q15842 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000783 BTO:0001260 20188727 t lperfetto "Phenformin has a direct inhibitory effect on the ATP-sensitive potassium channel |Phenformin but not metformin inhibits a number of variants of K(ATP) including the cloned equivalents of currents present in vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle (Kir6.1/SUR2B and Kir6.2/SUR2B) and pancreatic beta-cells (Kir6.2/SUR1)." SIGNOR-262030 IL21R protein Q9HBE5 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 12093291 t gcesareni "Retroviral-mediated transduction of wild-type gamma c into xscid jt cells restored function to the il-21r, as shown by il-21-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of jak1 and jak3, and downstream activation of stat5" SIGNOR-90266 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr326 EVLEDNDyGRAVDWW 9534 BTO:0004055 11445557 t lperfetto "Regulation of Akt/PKB Activation by Tyrosine PhosphorylationAs shown in Fig. 2 d, while mutation of Tyr340 has little effect on either tyrosine phosphorylation or kinase activity of Akt induced by Src527F, substitution of Tyr315 or Tyr326 with a phenylalanine, respectively, dramatically reduces both the tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activity of Akt. The combination of these two mutations abolishes Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt as well as its kinase activity." SIGNOR-246377 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG 9606 23151663 t lperfetto "Beta-catenin phosphorylation in vivo is sequentially carried out by two distinct kinases, ckialfa and gsk-3. Ckialfa phosphorylation of s45 proceeds and is required for subsequent gsk-3 phosphorylation of t41, s37, and s33 one key substrate of gsk3 is the transcriptional co-activator beta catenin, whichis inactivated by gsk3 mediated phosphorylation and targeted for proteasomal degradation in unstimulated cells." SIGNOR-227866 ZDHHC5 protein Q9C0B5 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" palmitoylation 9606 BTO:0000526 28775165 t "Mechanistic investigations revealed that mutant p53 transcriptionally upregulated ZDHHC5 along with the nuclear transcription factor NF-Y. These events contributed to the development of glioma by promoting the self-renewal capacity and tumorigenicity of glioma stem-like cells, by altering the palmitoylation and phosphorylation status of the tumor suppressor EZH2." SIGNOR-261144 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT TBX6 protein O95947 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19561075 t miannu "Smad6 mediates Tbx6 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Tbx6 forms a ternary complex with Smad6 and Smurf1. Here, we report that Tbx6 interacts directly with Smad6, an inhibitory Smad that antagonizes the BMP signal. This interaction is mediated through the Mad homology 2 (MH2) domain of Smad6 and residues 90-180 of Tbx6. We demonstrate that Smad6 facilitates the degradation of Tbx6 protein through recruitment of Smurf1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase." SIGNOR-272785 STIP1 protein P31948 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t miannu "Hsp90 chaperone cycle is tightly regulated by another group of proteins referred to as ‘co-chaperones'. Their stability does not depend on Hsp90 function but they interact with distinct Hsp90 conformational states, providing directionality to the Hsp90 cycle. Furthermore, certain co-chaperones, such as HOP and Cdc37p50 inhibit the Hsp90 chaperone cycle, assisting in delivery of distinct sets of client proteins (steroid hormone receptors and kinases, respectively) to the Hsp90 chaperone machine." SIGNOR-261411 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58467 ChEBI IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The last two steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the bifunctional AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC). The transformylase domain of the enzyme first catalyzes the conversion of AICAR to formylaminoimida zole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) using the N10-formyltetrahydrofolate. Then, the cyclohydrolase domain closes the purine ring to form IMP." SIGNOR-267328 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 BTO:0000590 10090741 t lperfetto "We found that when tau was first phosphorylated by A-kinase, C-kinase, cdk5, or CaM kinase II and then by GSK-3, its binding to microtubules was inhibited by 45, 61, 78, and 79%, respectively. Further, the kinase combinations cdk5/GSK-3 and CaM kinase II/GSK-3 rapidly phosphorylated the sites Thr 231 and Ser 235. When these sites were individually replaced by Ala and the phosphorylation experiments repeated, tau binding to microtubules was inhibited by 54 and 71%, respectively. By comparison, when Ser 262 was replaced by Ala, tau binding to microtubules was inhibited by only 8% after phosphorylation by CaM kinase II." SIGNOR-249315 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr841 RSAFTTStVVRMHVG -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249289 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21872687 f fspada "We show that knockdown of Beta-catenin completely prevents the inhibition of adipogenesis and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation by wnt6, wnt10a or wnt10b" SIGNOR-176190 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251593 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001033 27476001 f miannu "Our present study reveals that DAB2IP prevents EMT and metastasis of prostate cancer through targeting PROX1 gene transcription and destabilizing HIF1α protein, which provides a new insight into mechanism that DAB2IP regulates EMT and PCa metastasis." SIGNOR-254768 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT ESRRA protein P11474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 18074631 f lperfetto "The PGC1 transcriptional coactivators are major regulators of several crucial aspects of energy metabolism. PGC1alpha controls many aspects of oxidative metabolism, including mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the coactivation of many nuclear receptors, and factors outside the nuclear receptor family. ERRalpha, NRF1 and NRF2 are key targets of the PGC1s in mitochondrial biogenesis." SIGNOR-253392 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-16671 MPHOSPH10 protein O00566 UNIPROT UTP3 protein Q9NQZ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 28813493 t miannu "Mpp10 is able to bind the ribosome biogenesis factor Utp3/Sas10 through two conserved motifs in its N-terminal region. In addition, Mpp10 interacts with the ribosomal protein S5/uS7 using a short stretch within an acidic loop region. Thus, our findings reveal that Mpp10 provides a platform for the simultaneous interaction with multiple proteins in the 90S pre-ribosome." SIGNOR-261176 TNFRSF6B protein O95407 UNIPROT FASLG protein P48023 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271;BTO:0000661 BTO:0000763 10318773 t amattioni "Tr6 specifically binds fas ligand. Tr6 may play a regulatory role for suppressing in fasl- mediated cell death." SIGNOR-67434 GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256945 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser212 EENGPPSsPDLDRIA -1 SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR-C3 18372248 t lperfetto "In this study, we used two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping in conjunction with mutational analysis to show that in addition to ser-183, mtorc1 also phosphorylates ser-212 and ser-221 in pras40 when assayed in vitro." SIGNOR-178124 FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005035 phosphorylation:Ser331 KSKGRASsSGNQESS 19861535 t lperfetto "Fanconi anemia complementation group FANCD2 protein serine 331 phosphorylation is important for fanconi anemia pathway function and BRCA2 interaction" SIGNOR-263238 ANGPT1 protein Q15389 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 26042050 f lperfetto "Exogenous Ang-1 enhanced myogenic (MyoD and Myogenin) mRNA in differentiating myoblasts and increased myosin heavy chain protein." SIGNOR-241529 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT SERPINA3 protein P01011 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002600 11027208 f miannu "We characterize a molecular mechanism responsible for both IL-1 and TNF-induced expression of ACT gene in astrocytes. We identify the 5' distal IL-1/TNF-responsive enhancer of the ACT gene located 13 kb upstream of the transcription start site. This 413-bp-long enhancer contains three elements, two of which bind nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and one that binds activating protein 1 (AP-1). All of these elements contribute to the full responsiveness of the ACT gene to both cytokines, as determined by deletion and mutational analysis. The 5' NF-kB high-affinity binding site and AP-1 element contribute most to the enhancement of gene transcription in response to TNF and IL-1." SIGNOR-254806 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24856037 f miannu "MTORC1 and mTORC2 converge on c-Myc to control metabolic reprogramming in cancer. mTORC1 and mTORC2 conspire to link growth factor receptor–PI3K signaling with c-Myc-dependent metabolic reprogramming by controlling both c-Myc levels and activity" SIGNOR-256172 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr222 TSHNSLTtPCYTPYY 9606 BTO:0000130 14499342 t lperfetto "Mapk-activated protein kinase-2 (mk2) is activated by p38 mapk in human neutrophils." SIGNOR-118040 KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 28720390 f gianni "The Lysine-specific demethylase 1, KDM1A/LSD1, plays a central role in the regulation of Pol II transcription through the removal of the activation mark (mono- and dimethyl lysine 4 of histone H3). LSD1 is often deregulated in human cancers, and it is frequently overexpressed in human solid cancers and leukemia." SIGNOR-268728 BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20551323 f gcesareni "One important pathway in which bmi-1 acts to promote the overall growth of mice and cellular proliferation includes cdkn2a;bmi-1 represses the expression of cdkn2a, which encodes two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16ink4a (p16) and p19arf" SIGNOR-259359 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser74 TPHLPPCsPPKQGKK 9606 9889196 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of mammalian cdc6 by cyclin a/cdk2 regulates its subcellular localization/based on our data we suggest that the phosphorylation of cdc6 by cyclin a/cdk2 is a negative regulatory event that could be implicated in preventing re-replication during s phase and g2." SIGNOR-217332 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 23552696 t lperfetto "Active AKT, a common mediator of cell survival signals induced by radiation through multiple intracellular signaling pathways,11, 12 suppresses apoptosis. AKT positively regulates cyclin D1 expression through inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3B). The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3b on serine9 decreases its kinase activity for Thr286 of cyclin D1, which inhibits the nuclear export and the cytoplasmic proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1" SIGNOR-245416 Odanacatib chemical CID:10152654 PUBCHEM CTSK protein P43235 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195007 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT CLDN2 protein P57739 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003569 14751232 f lperfetto "Activity of the claudin-2 promoter was elevated in mouse mammary epithelial C57 cells expressing Wnt-1. LEF-1, a nuclear effector of the Wnt signaling pathway which is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and polarization, was found to bind directly to the claudin-2 promoter as revealed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Expression of LEF-1 and beta-catenin both enhanced claudin-2 promoter activity." SIGNOR-254120 CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57379 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267127 "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268603 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT ZFYVE9 protein O95405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9865696 t lperfetto "Sara functions to recruit smad2 to the tgfbeta receptor by controlling the subcellular localization of smad2 and by interacting with the tgfbeta receptor complex" SIGNOR-62868 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 15793248 f "We show here that dexamethasone upregulates transcription and expression of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by mifepristone (RU486), an antagonist of the nuclear glucocorticoid receptor." SIGNOR-255926 PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266540 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser314 DLEESSSsDHAERPP 10029 BTO:0000246 7876239 t "The alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor (alpha 2AAR) undergoes rapid functional desensitization caused by phosphorylation of the receptor by the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK). beta ARK-mediated phosphorylation of alpha 2C10 occurs at Ser-296-299 in the third intracellular loop, and this represents the critical step in rapid agonist-promoted desensitization." SIGNOR-251443 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20231899 f gcesareni "An erk pharmacological inhibitor, pd98059, and the pld inhibitor, 1-btoh, both attenuate (14)c-glucose uptake in muscle cells. Finally, the extracellular stresses caused by glucose deprivation or aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (aicar;ampk activator) regulate (14)c-glucose uptake and cell surface glucose transport (glut) 4 through erk stimulation by ampk-mediated pld1 activation." SIGNOR-164286 "(1R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-2,2-dioxo-2$l^{6}-thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:94640 ChEBI MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "Selleck|inferred from family member" gcesareni SIGNOR-270281 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19561075 t miannu "Smad6 mediates Tbx6 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Tbx6 forms a ternary complex with Smad6 and Smurf1. Here, we report that Tbx6 interacts directly with Smad6, an inhibitory Smad that antagonizes the BMP signal. This interaction is mediated through the Mad homology 2 (MH2) domain of Smad6 and residues 90-180 of Tbx6. We demonstrate that Smad6 facilitates the degradation of Tbx6 protein through recruitment of Smurf1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase." SIGNOR-272786 UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT PAIP2 protein Q9BPZ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16601676 t miannu "We demonstrate a mechanism for this co-regulation that involves an E3 ubiquitin ligase, EDD, which targets Paip2 for degradation. PABP depletion by RNA interference (RNAi) causes co-depletion of Paip2 protein without affecting Paip2 mRNA levels. Upon PABP knockdown, Paip2 interacts with EDD, which leads to Paip2 ubiquitination." SIGNOR-272648 PCSK2 protein P16519 UNIPROT Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0001073 11690596 t miannu "Oxytocin-extended form is further cleaved by enzymatic activity to yield the nine-amino-acid active peptide, OT. The proteolysis may involve several pro-hormone convertases, convertase 2 (PC2) (20p11-1-11.2) and convertase 5 (PC5) (9q21.3) (Gabreels et al 1998). Both enzymes are found in OT neurosecretory vesicles and are a part of a family of subtilisen/kexinlike convertases (Seidah et al 1994). It is a product of the OT gene located at human gene locus 20p13 (Rao et al 1992). The processing cascade results in the production of neurophysin I and OT extended form (OT-X), which is OT with a C-terminal, three-amino-acid extension." SIGNOR-270335 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT HOMER3 protein Q9NSC5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser159 EKLFRSQsADAPGPT -1 18480293 t miannu "Homer3 is phosphorylated at Ser120, Ser159, and Ser176 by CaMKII in vitro. Homer3 phosphorylation reduces its affinity for target molecules and modulates the Ca2+ signaling patterns induced by mGluR1α activation" SIGNOR-262685 FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t areggio "Upon ligand binding, DVL proteins are recruited to Frizzled receptors at the plasma membrane and co-recruit cytoplasmic transducers, such as Axin, CK1 and GSK3 binding protein (GBP), presumably along with their partners, to promote ?-catenin-dependent signalling. " SIGNOR-258953 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 17643117 t gcesareni "Pim1-dependent phosphorylation of histone h3 at serine 10 is required for myc-dependent transcriptional activation and oncogenic transformation." SIGNOR-265366 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF123 protein Q5XPI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271168 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17081971 f amattioni "The interaction of beta-catenin with the N terminus of tcf/lef transiently converts it into an activator, translating the Wnt signal into the transient transcription of Tcf target genes. The Wnt pathway has distinct transcriptional outputs, which are determined by the identity of the responding cell, and range from cell proliferation and survival to the terminal differentiation of postmitotic cells." SIGNOR-229770 CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT "Caspase 7 complex" complex SIGNOR-C232 SIGNOR "form complex" binding cleavage:Asp206 SGPINDTdANPRYKI 11701129 t lperfetto "The quaternary structure of caspase-7 comprises two closely associated heterodimers, with each heterodimer consisting of a large and a small subunit." SIGNOR-256394 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 t gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-84053 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser165 RESSLSPsPASSISS 9606 BTO:0000782 9374467 t lperfetto "Ser163 and ser165 represent the major sites of in vitro phosphorylation of nfat4 by jnk. / the negative regulation of nfat4 nuclear accumulation caused by jnk provides a mechanism for cell type?specific Responses to extracellular stimulation" SIGNOR-53368 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2315 RSPQPVPsPRPQSQP 9606 17623675 t lperfetto "Erk2-mediated c-terminal serine phosphorylation of p300 (ser-2279, ser-2315, and ser-2366) is vital to the regulation of epidermal growth factor-induced keratin 16 gene expression." SIGNOR-244634 RNF41 protein Q9H4P4 UNIPROT USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 23750007 t irozzo "RNF41 redistributes and ubiquitylates USP8, and reduces USP8 levels." SIGNOR-259106 SRPK2 protein P78362 UNIPROT ACIN1 protein Q9UKV3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1180 GPRSRSRsRDRRRKE 9606 BTO:0001271 18559500 t lperfetto "Here, we show that srpk2 binds and phosphorylates acinus, an sr protein essential for rna splicing, and redistributes it from the nuclear speckles to the nucleoplasm, resulting in cyclin a1 but not a2 up-regulation. Acinus s422d, an srpk2 phosphorylation mimetic, enhances cyclin a1 transcription, whereas acinus s422a, an unphosphorylatable mutant, blocks the stimulatory effect of srpk2" SIGNOR-179006 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT PLAU protein P00749 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000161 15514113 f miannu "We previously demonstrated that serum response factor (SRF), a critical smooth muscle transcription factor, is highly expressed in LAM cells. Here we show that a high SRF level alters the plasminogen (Plg) system. Specifically, overexpression of SRF in human lung fibroblasts upregulated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its substrate Plg, whereas it downregulated plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1." SIGNOR-255227 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr222 TSHNSLTtPCYTPYY 9606 8846784 t fstefani "Using novel methodology we demonstrate that activation of mapkap kinase-2 requires the phosphorylation of any two of the three residues thr222, ser272 and thr334. gst-mapkap kinase-2 lacking the n-terminal domain was inactive, but activated fully when phosphorylated at thr222, ser272 and thr334 by p42 mapk or rk." SIGNOR-44343 "Survival Factors" stimulus SIGNOR-ST8 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 19282669 f lperfetto "Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by growth factors or mitogens leads to the recruitment of an adaptor protein Grb2 (growth factor receptor bound protein) and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (SOS). The SOS activates Ras to recruit and activate Raf at the plasma membrane by phosphorylation at multiple sites. MEK1/2 is which then phosphorylated at two serine residues that subsequently phosphorylates ERK1/2 on both threonine and tyrosine. Activated ERK1/2 phosphorylates RSK and both RSK and ERK translocate to the nucleus where they activates multiple transcription factors ultimately resulting in effector protein synthesis and causing changes in cell proliferation and survival. ERK phosphorylation of MEK and possibly Raf can inactivate the pathway at those steps creating a negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-250559 CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT down-regulates deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001286 16713561 t gcesareni "Cyld binds and deubiquitinates bcl-3in cyld+/+ keratinocytes, tpa or uv light triggers the translocation of cyld from the cytoplasm to the perinuclear region, where cyld binds and deubiquitinates bcl-3, thereby preventing nuclear accumulation of bcl-3 and p50/bcl-3- or p52/bcl-3-dependent proliferation." SIGNOR-146774 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PSTPIP1 protein O43586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr345 PERNEGVyTAIAVQE 9534 BTO:0004055 11163214 t "PSTPIP1 was phosphorylated by c-Abl. Tyr-344 is a major c-Abl phosphorylation site.PSTPIP1 was able to bridge c-Abl to the PEST-type PTPs." SIGNOR-251431 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21619873 t gcesareni "Akt, a member of the ser-ine/threonine-specific protein kinase, was found to phosphorylate osx and dlx5. akt interacts with and phosphorylates dlx5. In addition, we provide evidences that akt kinase activity is important for akt to enhance the protein stability and transcriptional activity of dlx5." SIGNOR-252513 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT ROS1 protein P08922 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr2114 RDIYKNDyYRKRGEG 9606 17416557 t gcesareni "In an approach to gain insight into the sequence-dependent dephosphorylation of multiple phosphotyrosyl-containing peptides by the phosphatases shp-1 and ptp1b, we applied a chromatographic technique for the analysis of the dephosphorylation products." SIGNOR-154203 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser748 RFARRSVsDNDIRKY 9606 BTO:0000150 16551632 t llicata "Site-directed mutagenesis identified ser-351, ser-745, and ser-747 as akt phosphorylation sites on vcp. however, our study also suggests that other known biological activities of vcp, such as those related to intracellular trafficking, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and activation of transcription (28), might be regulated by akt through the activation of vcp. I" SIGNOR-252493 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr627 TPESWRLtPPAKVGG 9606 22094256 t lperfetto "We identified the forkhead box m1 (foxm1) transcription factor as a common critical phosphorylation target. Cdk4/6 stabilize and activate foxm1these data identify five overlapping in vivo and in vitro cdk4/6 target sites in foxm1 (s4, s35, t611, t620 and t627)" SIGNOR-177263 NCAPD3 protein P42695 UNIPROT "Condensin II" complex SIGNOR-C342 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263912 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19279717 f areggio "To date it is not clear whether any genes are transcribed downstream of these two GTPases for non-canonical signaling. The prevailing dogma remains that their primary roles are indeed solely for cytoskeletal modulation" SIGNOR-258976 homocysteine smallmolecule CHEBI:17230 ChEBI methionine smallmolecule CHEBI:16811 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10520212 t lperfetto "Methionine synthase is a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme that catalyses the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Therefore, defects in this enzyme may result in elevated homocysteine levels." SIGNOR-253140 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1362 YEEHIPYtHMNGGKK -1 8463287 t lperfetto "Therefore, the present study directly identifies threonine 1336 in the HIR as a phosphorylation site for insulin and PMA." SIGNOR-248933 THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001073 29407449 t scontino "We found that the T3-bound TR inhibits this reporter construct driven by GATA2 alone, indicating that the target of T3-bound TR repression is GATA2." SIGNOR-267275 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1654 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248738 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21892142 t lperfetto "Ampk was recently found to phosphorylate a conserved serine near the cleavage site within srebp1, suppressing its activation" SIGNOR-216564 "perfluorooctanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:35549 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268765 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT Axonemal_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF66 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266939 HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257318 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11427728 t gcesareni "Raf-1 interacts with the proapoptotic, stress-activated protein kinase ask1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1) in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-109023 APH1B protein Q8WW43 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12297508 t gcesareni "By using co-immunoprecipitation and nickel affinity pull-down approaches, we now show that mammalian aph-1 (maph-1), a conserved multipass membrane protein, physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human cell lines and in rat brain." SIGNOR-93310 ME1 protein P48163 UNIPROT (S)-malate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15589 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33064660 t miannu "Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP." SIGNOR-267717 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-166355 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000182;BTO:0000018 SIGNOR-C2 15718470 t lperfetto "The rictor-mtor complex directly phosphorylated akt/pkb on ser473 in vitro and facilitated thr308 phosphorylation by pdk1" SIGNOR-134185 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 23708797 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitin/SUMO-dependent DNA damage response (UbS-DDR), controlled by the E3 ligases RNF8/RNF168, triggers BLM recruitment to sites of replication fork stalling via ubiquitylation in the N-terminal region of BLM and subsequent BLM binding to the ubiquitin-interacting motifs of . " SIGNOR-272115 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH13 protein P55290 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265831 PPM1F protein P49593 UNIPROT CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr286 SCMHRQEtVDCLKKF 9606 BTO:0000938 15140879 t gcesareni "Ppm1f specifically dephosphorylates the phospho-thr-286 in autophosphorylated camkii substrate and thus deactivates the camkii in vitro." SIGNOR-124309 MBTPS1 protein Q14703 UNIPROT CREB3L2 protein Q70SY1 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 17178827 t miannu "Bbf2h7 is cleaved by s1p in response to er stress / cleaved fragments of the bbf2h7 n-terminal portion containing the bzip domain translocate into nuclei" SIGNOR-151309 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TCOF1 protein Q13428 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr210 TSSSSDEtDVEGKPS 9606 BTO:0000567 25064736 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated Thr 210 in Treacle is the major interaction site for NBS1|A purified GST fragment of this region was efficiently phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro (Supplementary Fig. 4; T-2) and this fragment pulled down the MRN complex from Hela nuclear extracts only when previously phosphorylated by CK2" SIGNOR-265086 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22972936 t milica "Par1 acts through g12/13 and rho gtpase to inhibit the lats1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-192042 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT CDK2AP1 protein O14519 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser46 LSDYGPPsLGYTQGT -1 22427660 t lperfetto "CDK2AP1 is phosphorylated at a conserved Ser-46 site in the N-terminal ""intrinsically disordered"" region by IkappaB kinase epsilon." SIGNOR-264780 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser418 TEERLPSsPVYEDAA 9606 BTO:0000938 20444238 t gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-165204 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT LDLR protein P01130 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21123766 t miannu "Recent studies have demonstrated that PCSK9 mRNA expression was upregulated to a greater extent than that of the LDL receptor in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Our findings also support the role of SREBP-2 as a transcriptional regulator of both the LDL receptor and PCSK9 in human enterocytes." SIGNOR-254453 3-phosphonatooxypyruvate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18110 ChEBI O-phosphonato-L-serine(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57524 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 3702 30034403 t lperfetto "Phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate (3-PHP) to 3-phosphoserine (PSer) in an L-glutamate (Glu)-linked reversible transamination reaction." SIGNOR-268563 FABP2 protein P12104 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264456 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254836 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21034966 f lperfetto "the ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 pathways, which are activated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and single-stranded DNA respectively." SIGNOR-242609 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s." SIGNOR-272749 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NIFK protein Q9BYG3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr238 QGPTPVCtPTFLERR -1 16244663 t miannu "The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of human Ki67 interacts with the human nucleolar protein hNIFK, recognizing a 44-residue fragment, hNIFK226-269, phosphorylated at Thr234. Here we show that high-affinity binding requires sequential phosphorylation by two kinases, CDK1 and GSK3, yielding pThr238, pThr234 and pSer230. phosphorylation of Thr234 by GSK3 proceeds only after Thr238 is already phosphorylated by CDK1." SIGNOR-262696 LMP1 protein P03230 UNIPROT UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 22951831 t scontino "One mechanism by which LMP1 regulates cellular activation is through the induction of protein posttranslational modifications. We have now identified a specific target of LMP1-induced sumoylation, interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). We hypothesize that during EBV latency, LMP1 induces the sumoylation of IRF7, limiting its transcriptional activity and modulating the activation of innate immune responses. We recently documented that LMP1 induces a third major protein modification by physically interacting with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 through CTAR3 and inducing the sumoylation of cellular proteins in latently infected cells. we identified that IRF7 is sumoylated at lysine 452." SIGNOR-266838 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT CETN2 protein P41208 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266930 ANP32A protein P39687 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12522243 t "PHAP proteins promoted caspase-9 activation after apoptosome formation, whereas ProT negatively regulated caspase-9 activation by inhibiting apoptosome formation." SIGNOR-259082 DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34674502 t scontino "Thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases play a pivotal role in the functional diversification of TH signaling. They are involved in development, growth, and metabolic processes, and act in a cell-specific manner in the fine regulation of TH homeostasis. TH deiodinases catalyze activation and inactivation of THs through the removal of one iodine atom in the outer or inner ring of the TH molecule.¬†" SIGNOR-267044 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 23136067 t miannu "SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 (RING box protein 2), ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), or RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), was originally cloned in our laboratory as a redox inducible antioxidant protein and later characterized as the second member of the RBX/ROC RING component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL-F-box Proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligase.  by forming a complex with other components of the SCF E3 ligase, SAG promotes ubiquitination and degradation of a number of protein substrates, including c-JUN, DEPTOR, HIF-1α, IκBα, NF1, NOXA, p27, and procaspase-3, thus regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes." SIGNOR-271453 AP2B1 protein P63010 UNIPROT "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 31671891 t lperfetto "The most important endocytic adaptor is the heterotetrameric AP-2 complex made up of the large alpha- and beta2-adaptin subunits, the medium-sized mu2-subunit and a small sigma2-subunit" SIGNOR-260422 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT MSLN protein Q13421 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909009 f miannu "The presence of TEF-1 was required for MSLN protein overexpression as determined by TEF-1 knockdown experiments." SIGNOR-255395 RSPO2 protein Q6UXX9 UNIPROT LGR5 protein O75473 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21693646 t "Furin domain" gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that lgr4 and lgr5 bind the r-spondins with high affinity and mediate the potentiation of wnt/betBeta-catenin signaling by enhancing wnt-induced lrp6 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-174532 GSK1059615 chemical CHEBI:71955 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192777 RNF216 protein Q9NWF9 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16968706 t miannu "Triad3A promotes proteolytic degradation of adapter proteins. Triad3A promotes down-regulation of TIRAP, TRIF, and RIP1 proteins." SIGNOR-271608 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "carbamoyl phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58228 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-268092 GYS2 protein P54840 UNIPROT α-D-glucosyl-glycogenin complex SIGNOR-C430 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26882899 t miannu "Glycogenin initiates the first step of glycogen synthesis by self glycosylation of a short 8–12 glucose oligosaccharide primer. Glycogen synthase (GYS) elongates the glucose oligossacharide primer, which utilises UDP-glucose as the glucosyl donor." SIGNOR-267939 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1337 LDSDEDFsDFDEKTD 9606 18171681 t llicata "Plk1 phosphorylates ser(1337) and ser(1524) of topoiialpha plk1-associated phosphorylation is essential for the functions of topoiialpha in mitosis" SIGNOR-160233 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12244043 t areggio "Taken together, these results suggest that myostatin inhibits MyoD activity and expression via Smad 3 resulting in the failure of the myoblasts to differentiate into myotubes" SIGNOR-254986 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MAZ protein P56270 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr72 AAPAPPPtPQAPAAE 9606 11809795 t lperfetto "Together, these results show that activation of saf-1 in response to il-1 and -6 is mediated via map kinase-regulated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-114475 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 18636076 t gcesareni "Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug that binds simultaneously to the 12-kda fk506- and rapamycin-binding protein (fkbp12, or fkbp) and the fkbp-rapamycin binding (frb) domain of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) kinase. autophagy is negatively regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and can be induced in all mammalian cell types by the mtor inhibitor rapamycin." SIGNOR-179483 TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT BBC3 protein Q96PG8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17700533 f miannu "Dissociation of p73 and HDM2 leads to increased p73 transcriptional activity with upregulation of p73 target genes noxa, puma and p21, as well as enhanced apoptosis." SIGNOR-255467 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12482967 t gcesareni "Camkii interacts with and phosphorylates tak1." SIGNOR-96422 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000671 7720589 t "A marked increase in WT1 protein levels coincided precisely with down-regulation of the Pax-2 gene in the individual precursor cells of the visceral glomerular epithelium, suggesting a direct effect of the WT1 repressor protein on Pax-2 regulatory elements. To examine whether WT1 could directly repress Pax-2 transcription, binding of WT1 to three high affinity sites in the 5' untranslated Pax-2 leader sequence was demonstrated by DNAseI footprinting analysis" SIGNOR-252298 Ethylketocyclazocine chemical CHEBI:4901 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258782 PRKAB1 protein Q9Y478 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16054041 t gcesareni "Gamma non-catalytic subunit mediates binding to amp, adp and atp, leading to activate or inhibit ampk: amp-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (prkaa1 or prkaa2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-139164 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001412 8394219 f "We expressed the PML-RARa protein in U937 myeloid precursor cells and showed that they lost the capacity to differentiate under the action of different stimuli (vitamin Ds and transforming growth factor pl), acquired enhanced sensitivity to retinoic acid, and exhibited a higher growth rate consequent to diminished apoptotic cell death." SIGNOR-255723 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DRB3 protein P79483 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10886240 f "These results indicate that impaired up-regulation of HLA-DR in response to IFN-gamma results from insufficient induction of CIITA, but not from the signal from IFN-gamma receptor to the nucleus. The abnormal regulation of HLA-DR expression caused by impaired induction of CIITA may affect CD4+ T cell development in thymoma." SIGNOR-254011 Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21041486 t "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-269844 FGF10 protein O15520 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8663044 t gcesareni "Fgf3, fgf7, fgf10 and fgf22 are ligands that activate fgfr2b." SIGNOR-42362 dabigatran chemical CHEBI:70752 ChEBI F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190314 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258552 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 BTO:0003807 11971971 t lperfetto "Mapk1 is phosphorylated by map2k1/mek1 and map2k2/mek2 on thr-185 and tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or ngf. Both phosphorylations are required for activity." SIGNOR-244788 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TK1 protein P04183 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 LPTVLPGsPSKTRGQ 9606 14697231 t gcesareni "Given that the dimeric form of tk1 is less active than the tetrameric, we propose that mitotic phosphorylation of serine-13 is of physiological importance, in that it may counteract atp-dependent activation of tk1 by affecting its quaternary structure, thus attenuating its enzymatic function at the g2/m phase." SIGNOR-120372 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr642 CIAGSPLtPRRVTEV 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104703 MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT ACTG2 protein P63267 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19797053 f miannu " These results demonstrate the ability of MYOCD to discriminate among several juxtaposed CArG elements, presumably through its novel partnership with NKX3.1, to optimally transactivate the human ACTG2 promoter." SIGNOR-254620 DSCAML1 protein Q8TD84 UNIPROT AQP9 protein O43315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 t miannu "Our findings now further suggest that STAT3 and the adaptor protein SH2D2A interact with tyrosine‐containing motifs within the DSCAM/L1 ICDs. The SH2 domains of both STAT3 and SH2D2A are known to bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the context of such motifs. Thus, the interactions between DSCAMs and SH2‐domain containing proteins seem to play a central and conserved role in Dscam signaling in the context of dynamic changes of tyrosine‐phosphorylation levels." SIGNOR-264280 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255535 LAS1L protein Q9Y4W2 UNIPROT "Rix1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C373 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22190735 t miannu "LAS1L was first described as a nucleolar protein required for maturation of the 60S preribosomal subunit. In this paper, we demonstrate that LAS1L interacts with PELP1, TEX10, and WDR18, the mammalian homologues of the budding yeast Rix1 complex, along with NOL9 and SENP3, to form a novel nucleolar complex that cofractionates with the 60S preribosomal subunit. our data identify a novel mammalian complex required for 60S ribosomal subunit synthesis, providing further insight into the intricate, yet poorly described, process of ribosome biogenesis in higher eukaryotes." SIGNOR-265467 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT FZD6 protein O60353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 t gcesareni "Distinctly, wnt1 signals through fzd receptors 1 and 6 in the epaxial domain of the somite, to regulate myf5 expression via the canonical bcatenin pathway." SIGNOR-198846 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser472 RPHFPQFsYSASGRE 9606 BTO:0001544 19261608 t "The Abl kinase inhibitors and depletion of Bcr-Abl induced the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, which dephosphorylated Ser-473 on Akt1, -2, and -3, resulting in inhibited proliferation of CML cells.|Thus, Bcr-Abl represses the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 and continuously activates Akt1, -2, and -3 via phosphorylation on Ser-473, resulting in the proliferation of CML cells." SIGNOR-248731 N-[4-[2-ethyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91360 ChEBI MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16162000 t miannu "A novel structural class of 4-phenyl-5-pyridyl-1,3-thiazoles was optimized as inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. it only significantly inhibited p38α (IC50 = 7.1 nM) and p38β (IC50 = 200 nM) in a concentration-dependent manner and was approximately 28 times more selective for p38α over p38β." SIGNOR-262222 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1927 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120248 XRCC6 protein P12956 UNIPROT UBE2S protein Q16763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 27593939 t lperfetto "As shown in Figure 4, we found that Ku70 (Figure 4b) and Ku80 (Figure 4c) co-immunoprecipitated with UBE2S.>Taken together, these results demonstrate that ETO enhances the UBE2S–Ku70 interaction, and UBE2S can be recruited to the same sites of DSBs with Ku70 upon ETO treatment." SIGNOR-265079 HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT CYP2E1 protein P05181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000575 19325051 f Regulation miannu "Hemoglobin dramatically stimulated CYP 2E1 activity but not the protein expression in quercetin- and ethanol-cotreated hepatocytes." SIGNOR-251765 PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT ABCC6 protein O95255 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000599 18850323 f miannu "We identified ABCC6 as a target gene for transcriptional induction by PLAG1 and PLAGL1, transcription factors from the PLAG family of cell cycle progression-related DNA-binding proteins. Both these factors are shown to bind to the same single consensus-binding element in the ABCC6 proximal promoter in cell lines of hepatic and renal origin by reporter gene assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. PLAG-mediated ABCC6 transactivation may play an important role in determining the level of tissue-specific expression of this gene. The described mechanism can also find potential application in therapeutic interventions in forms of PXE related to impaired ABCC6 expression." SIGNOR-254925 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12202491 t lperfetto "Pp1 isoforms contain an arg-pro-ile/val-thr-pro-pro-arg sequence near the c terminus, a known site of phosphorylation by cdc/cdk kinases, and phosphorylation attenuates phosphatase activity. Increasing doses of cdk2 resulted in increased phosphorylation of the thr-320 site. Phosphorylation of this site in pp1 corresponded to decreased pp1 activity." SIGNOR-264649 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1654 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269338 SOX17 protein Q9H6I2 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 33083751 f SimoneGraziosi "Sox17 ablation lowered endogenous Gli2 and Olig2+ cells" SIGNOR-269218 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10116 18762022 t "The GR directly interferes with Hes1 promoter activity, triggering the recruitment of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities to the Hes1 gene" SIGNOR-253057 ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257718 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT CTNND2 protein Q9UQB3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001033 21106062 f miannu "Coordinated regulation of δ-catenin expression by both the activating transcription factor E2F1 and repressive transcription factor Hes1 in prostate cancer progression." SIGNOR-251877 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR3A protein P46098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264282 wortmannin chemical CHEBI:52289 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 7503989 t gcesareni "Wortmannin inhibited the activity of partially purified pi3-kinase from calf thymus, as well as the pi3-kinase activity in anti-pi3-kinase p85 immunoprecipitates from rbl-2h3 cells, at a concentration as low as 1.0 nm and with ic50 values of 3.0 nm." SIGNOR-26677 SAR1A protein Q9NR31 UNIPROT SEC24C protein P53992 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding SIGNOR-C370 30605680 t lperfetto "Biogenesis of COPII vesicles is initiated by the activation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein secretion-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1) at specialized subdomains of the ER, called ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER (tER). Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer." SIGNOR-265302 IL21 protein Q9HBE4 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 22486304 f miannu "Interleukin-21 inhibits humoral response to an hiv dna vaccine by enhancing bcl-6 andpax-5expression." SIGNOR-196918 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT INPPL1 protein O15357 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr986 NSFNNPAyYVLEGVP 9606 12235291 t lperfetto "Ship2 could be phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant src kinase and tyrosines 986-987 in the npxy motif of ship2 appear to be the major sites of phosphorylation for src both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-92931 KAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF57 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264940 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22492984 t gcesareni "Bim, and puma bind with high affinity to all pro-survival proteins" SIGNOR-196932 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser664 QLPYYYLsPDRIPNS 9606 BTO:0000567 12670876 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, a significant difference in the potency of nonredox-type inhibitors (but not of BWA4C) was determined between wild-type 5-LO and the mutant S271A/S663A-5-LO (lacking phosphorylation sites for ERK1/2 and MAPKAPK-2) in HeLa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that compared with Ca2+-mediated 5-LO product formation, enzyme activation involving 5-LO phosphorylation events specifically and strongly alters the susceptibility of 5-LO toward nonredox-type inhibitors in intact cells." SIGNOR-264442 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "PAX7/MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C91 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 t miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198635 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser235 IAKRRRLsSLRASTS -1 1985906 t miannu "The synthetic peptide AKRRRLSSLRASTSKSESSQK (S6-21) which corresponds to the carboxyl-terminal 21 amino acids of human ribosomal protein S6 was synthesized and tested as a substrate for S6/H4 kinase purified from human placenta. The principal phosphorylation sites were serines in the acidic carboxyl-terminal domain of the peptide." SIGNOR-250231 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21799911 t "We show that RNF146, tankyrase, and Axin form a protein complex, and that RNF146 mediates ubiquitylation of all three proteins to target them for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-260006 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 27126896 f Luana " Importantly, asparagine/glutamine pre-load only results in mTOR activation following amino acid stimulation (Fig. 5a), indicating that it is their exchange factor roles that elicit mTORC1 activation." SIGNOR-268017 TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11468175 t "GILZ inhibits NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding due to a direct protein-to-protein interaction of GILZ with the NF-kappaB subunits." SIGNOR-253297 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT TRIP13 protein Q15645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Tyr56 HNIVFGDyTWTEFDE 9606 BTO:0000007 32860853 t lperfetto "Reciprocally, TRIP13 was phosphorylated at tyrosine(Y) 56 by EGFRvIII and EGF-activated EGFR. Abrogating TRIP13 Y56 phosphorylation dramatically attenuated TRIP13 expression-enhanced EGFR signaling and GBM cell growth." SIGNOR-265083 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPC3 protein Q13507 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser703 SLVPSPKsFVYFIMR 9606 16331690 t gcesareni "There are two known phosphorylation-mediated inactivation mechanisms for trpc3 channels. Protein kinase g (pkg) inactivates trpc3 by direct phosphorylation on thr-11 and ser-263 of the trpc3 proteins, and protein kinase c (pkc) inactivates trpc3 by phosphorylation on ser-712." SIGNOR-142945 NAA20 protein P61599 UNIPROT NatB complex SIGNOR-C416 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18570629 t miannu "In the present study we present the components of hNatB (human NatB complex). It consists of the Nat3p homologue hNAT3 (human N-acetyltransferase 3) and the Mdm20p homologue hMDM20 (human mitochondrial distribution and morphology 20). They form a stable complex and in vitro display sequence-specific N(alpha)-acetyltransferase activity on a peptide with the N-terminus Met-Asp-." SIGNOR-267230 RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262418 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 19299913 f lperfetto "Promoter deletion and reporter analysis revealed that hypoxia transcriptionally activates a GADD153 promoter through the AP-1 element in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Ectopic overexpression of GADD153 resulted in the downregulation of CARP expression." SIGNOR-254123 POLR2E protein P19388 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266138 GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-267505 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr739 SEGSGTAtPSALITT 9606 14744793 t lperfetto "Transcriptional activation of p21(waf1/cip1) by alkylphospholipids: role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the transactivation of the human p21(waf1/cip1) promoter by Sp1.|this activation promotes the phosphorylation of Sp1 in known mitogen-activated protein kinase residues (threonine 453 and 739), thereby leading to increased Sp1 binding and enhanced p21(waf1/cip1) transcription." SIGNOR-249481 DSCAML1 protein Q8TD84 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 t miannu "Our findings now further suggest that STAT3 and the adaptor protein SH2D2A interact with tyrosine‐containing motifs within the DSCAM/L1 ICDs. The SH2 domains of both STAT3 and SH2D2A are known to bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the context of such motifs. Thus, the interactions between DSCAMs and SH2‐domain containing proteins seem to play a central and conserved role in Dscam signaling in the context of dynamic changes of tyrosine‐phosphorylation levels." SIGNOR-264278 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17139329 t fferrentino "Whereas others, such as GATA2/3 and SMAD3, physically interact with C/EBPα to inhibit its transcriptional activity on the Pparg2 promoter." SIGNOR-250569 "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30037851 t miannu "NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). " SIGNOR-264218 GTF3C3 protein Q9Y5Q9 UNIPROT TFIIIC complex SIGNOR-C392 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29378333 t lperfetto "Both yeast and human TFIIIC consist of six polypeptides organized into two globular domains" SIGNOR-266186 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser951 GFHPRRSsQGATQMP 10090 BTO:0000944 11581251 t lperfetto "HSL activity is known to be regulated by phosphorylation (3). PKA increases HSL activity via phosphorylation at Ser563, Ser659, and Ser660 (14,15), although phosphorylation at Ser565 by glycogen synthase kinase, AMP-dependent protein kinase, or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II has been reported to prevent activation of the enzyme" SIGNOR-249204 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser328 GQAGSTIsNSHAQPF 10116 BTO:0000067 12270943 t lperfetto "We have examined the role of casein kinase 1 (CK1) in connexin-43 (Cx43) gap junction assembly. Cellular co-immunoprecipitation experiments and in vitro CK1 phosphorylation reactions indicate that CK1 interacted with and phosphorylated Cx43, initially on serine(s) 325, 328, or 330.| To examine CK1 function, normal rat kidney cells were treated with CKI-7, and Cx43 content was analyzed by Triton X-100 extraction, cell-surface biotinylation, and immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis indicated a slight increase in total Cx43, whereas gap junctional (Triton-insoluble) Cx43 decreased, and non-junctional plasma membrane Cx43 increased (as detected by cell surface biotinylation)." SIGNOR-249330 MAGEL2 protein Q9UJ55 UNIPROT WASHC1 protein A8K0Z3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23452853 t miannu "Our mechanistic studies uncovered that K63-linked ubiquitination of WASH K220 by MAGE-L2-TRIM27 is required for endosomal F-actin nucleation and retrograde transport. These results suggest that K63-linked ubiquitination of WASH K220 by TRIM27 is required for WASH function in retrograde transport." SIGNOR-253515 Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C508 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270902 6 protein P59634 UNIPROT RAE1 protein P78406 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 32353859 t miannu "Orf6 of SARS-CoV antagonizes host interferon signaling by perturbing nuclear transport, and the NUP98-RAE1 interaction with Orf6 may perform the same function for SARS-CoV-2." SIGNOR-260975 "2-[[(1R)-1-[7-methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-4-oxo-9-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinyl]ethyl]amino]benzoic acid" chemical CHEBI:91359 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190200 quetiapine chemical CHEBI:8707 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258532 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 AKPEPSPsPRITRKS 9606 21565170 t gcesareni "We report that cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) 1, 2 and 5 can phosphorylate ser154 of human dnmt1 in vitro. Further evidence of phosphorylation of endogenous dnmt1 at position 154 by cdks is also found in 293 cells treated with roscovitine, a specific inhibitor of cdk1, 2 and 5" SIGNOR-173681 NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI PGD protein P52209 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 34765544 t miannu "We determined that FASN inhibitor treatment resulted in NADPH accumulation and inhibition of PGDH enzyme activity. NADPH is a cofactor utilized by FASN, also a known allosteric inhibitor of PGDH. PGDH is the onl yrate-limiting unidirectional enzyme susceptible to allosteric inhibition by NADPH" SIGNOR-267372 GABPB1 protein Q06547 UNIPROT HCFC1 protein P51610 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10675337 t miannu "The C1 factor interacts with the GABP_ transactivation domain.The domain of the C1 factor required for C1–GABP interaction can inhibit GABP_dependent transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-221377 CLK4 protein Q9HAZ1 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr735 DTEWRSVtLPRDLQS 9606 18794806 t lperfetto "Here, we identify clk1, clk4, mst1, mst2 and ttk (also known as mps1) as novel thr735 kinases in vitro / phosphorylation of thr735 in c-abl is critical for binding to 14-3-3" SIGNOR-181052 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr143 RGKFKRPtLRRVRIS 9606 17010989 t lperfetto "Pkc-betaii sensitizes cardiac myofilaments to ca2+ by phosphorylating troponin i on threonine-144." SIGNOR-149957 CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT TUBG1 protein P23258 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 17959831 t Giulio "Immunoprecipitation of CDK5RAP2 specifically coprecipitated _TuRC components, as detected on immunoblots of _-tubulin and GCP3 (Figure 3A).| Perturbing CDK5RAP2 function delocalized gamma-tubulin from the centrosomes and inhibited centrosomal microtubule nucleation, thus leading to disorganization of interphase microtubule arrays and formation of anastral mitotic spindles. Together, CDK5RAP2 is a pericentriolar structural component that functions in gammaTuRC attachment and therefore in the microtubule organizing function of the centrosome." SIGNOR-260310 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271586 BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex" complex SIGNOR-C295 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14636569 t lperfetto "These findings identify BRCC as a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex that enhances cellular survival following DNA damage.|Reconstitution of a recombinant four-subunit complex containing BRCA1/BARD1/BRCC45/BRCC36 revealed an enhanced E3 ligase activity compared to that of BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer" SIGNOR-263207 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t miannu "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-132922 (S)-N-Hydroxy-4-(3-methyl-2-phenylbutanamido)benzamide chemical CID:6918848 PUBCHEM HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002428 31908417 t miannu "The present study aimed to detect HDAC1 expression in and around ESCC tissues and comprehensively assess the anti-ESCC effects of AR-42, a phenylbutyrate-derived pan-HDAC inhibitor with low nanomolar IC50s against HDACs including HDAC1. AR-42 developed by Chen et al is an orally bioavailable hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate derivative with strong inhibitory activity against class I (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) and class IIb (HDAC 6 and 10) HDACs." SIGNOR-262248 GABARAPL1 protein Q9H0R8 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17580304 t lperfetto "P62 binds both to lc3a and -b and the related gabarap family proteins/this interaction is necessary for autophagic degradation of p62-positive cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing ubiquitinated proteins. We also demonstrate that alis are indistinguisha" SIGNOR-156304 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT STAMBP protein O95630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser48 VEIIRMAsIYSEEGN 9534 BTO:0000298 11483516 t llicata "BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads." SIGNOR-250600 TNFSF15 protein O95150 UNIPROT TNFRSF25 protein Q93038 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "The ligand of dr3 is tl1a" SIGNOR-103078 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 15659650 t lperfetto "The cell cycle checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2 have been shown to phosphorylate multiple sites in the N-terminal domain of p53, consequently leading to p53 stabilization and activation. Phosphorylation of at least three of these sites, Ser366, Ser378, and Thr387, was induced by DNA damage. On activation, both of these kinases also phosphorylate multiple sites in the p53 N-terminal domain. These include Ser15, Thr18, Ser20, and Ser37, which are all DNA-damageinducible sites" SIGNOR-153475 RPL5 protein P46777 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262457 dacomitinib chemical CHEBI:132268 ChEBI "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 23405260 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "The goal of this study was to compare dacomitinib (pf-00299804), a next generation small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that irreversibly blocks multiple her family receptors (her-1 (egfr), her-2 and her-4 tyrosine kinases), to cetuximab, the current fda approved anti-egfr medication for hnscc and erlotinib, an egfr specific small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor." SIGNOR-269871 TCOF1 protein Q13428 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 25064736 t lperfetto "We further identify TCOF1 (also known as Treacle), a nucleolar factor implicated in ribosome biogenesis and mutated in Treacher Collins syndrome, as an interaction partner of NBS1, and demonstrate that NBS1 translocation and accumulation in the nucleoli is Treacle dependent." SIGNOR-265085 canertinib chemical CHEBI:61399 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258200 thalidomide chemical CHEBI:9513 ChEBI CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20223979 t miannu " Here, we identified cereblon (CRBN) as a thalidomide-binding protein. CRBN forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) and Cul4A that is important for limb outgrowth and expression of the fibroblast growth factor Fgf8 in zebrafish and chicks. Thalidomide initiates its teratogenic effects by binding to CRBN and inhibiting the associated ubiquitin ligase activity. " SIGNOR-272207 methionine smallmolecule CHEBI:16811 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264750 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr381 SESSDDDyDDVDIPT 9534 11514608 t "BCR ligation induced rapid tyrosine-phosphorylation of HPK1 mainly by Syk and Lyn, resulting in its association with BASH and catalytic activation. Tyr-379 within HPK1 is essential for binding to BASH and thus strongly suggest that the DDDYDDV sequence containing the phosphorylated Tyr-379 is the binding site for the BASH SH2 domain." SIGNOR-251403 "4-[[9-chloro-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino]benzoic acid" chemical CHEBI:91366 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258250 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s." SIGNOR-272750 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 1706616 t "inferred from 70% of family members" "¬†Y1023 and Y1248, Y1139 and Y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of HER2." SIGNOR-269875 NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257218 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 YSSNSGPtRREDKFM 9606 15793569 t llicata "In addition, active rhoa is able to stimulate the phospholipid phosphatase activity of pten in human embryonic kidney cells and leukocytes, and this regulation seems to require rhoa's downstream effector, rhoa-associated kinase (rock). together with the observation that individual substitution of ser 229 and thr 223 restored some of the rescuing ability (fig. 4b), we conclude that effective regulation of pten by sdf-1 may require more than one of these residues." SIGNOR-134855 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT Angiotensin-1 protein P01019-PRO_0000032457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Pro40 GDRVYIHpFHLVIHN -1 11815627 t miannu "The ACE2 hydrolytic activity is dependent on the C terminus sequence of the substrate, which is evident from the data with the angiotensin peptides. After 2 h, ACE2 hydrolyzes Ang I partially and Ang II completely, although there is no hydrolysis of angiotensin 1–9, angiotensin 1–7, and angiotensin 1–5, which possess the same N terminus." SIGNOR-260222 FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 10918587 t "Activation of Stat1 and Stat3 by FGFR derivatives. Lysates of 293T cells transfected as indicated were analysed by Western blotting using Phospho-Stat1 (Y701) antisera (top) or Stat1 antisera (bottom). (b) The same lysates in (a) were re-examined for phosphorylated Stat3 by Western blotting with Phospho-Stat3 (Y705) (top). all three FGFR family members examined here are able to lead to Stat activation. Expression of the 'TDII-like' derivatives of FGFR1, FGFR3, and FGFR4, as well as myrR1-WT, led to phosphorylation of both Stat1 and Stat3." SIGNOR-251142 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30739093 t miannu "OT binds to its cognate G protein–coupled receptor (OTR) and exerts diverse effects, including stimulation (Gs) or inhibition (Gi/o) of adenylyl cyclase, stimulation of potassium channel currents (Gi), and activation of phospholipase C (Gq)." SIGNOR-270332 GADL1 protein Q6ZQY3 UNIPROT "beta-alanine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22718265 t miannu "Animal glutamate decarboxylase (GDC), aspartate decarboxylase (ADC, also called aspartate Œ±-decarboxylase or aspartate 1-decarboxylase) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSADC) catalyze the decarboxylation of Œ±-carboxyl group of glutamate, aspartate and cysteine sulfinic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Œ≤-alanine and hypotaurine, respectively; these amine products play important role in living organisms." SIGNOR-267546 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI Demyelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH155 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32454942 f miannu "Next to their interaction with adaptive immune cells, activated microglia can secrete cytotoxic cytokines and oxidative products, such as ROS and NO radicals in MS lesions thereby promoting oxidative stress and contributing to myelin destruction" SIGNOR-263829 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 YRYPRPAsVPPSPSL -1 6772446 t "Glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylates three serine residues on glycogen synthase (sites 3a, 3b and 3c) which are all located in the same nine-amino-acid segment of the polypeptide chain. The sequence in this region is: Arg-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ala-Ser(P)-Val-Pro-Pro-Ser(P)-Pro-Ser-Leu-Ser(P)-Arg-." SIGNOR-253005 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270400 PSMA1 protein P25786 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263363 MCTS1 protein Q9ULC4 UNIPROT DENR protein O43583 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17878526 t miannu "The MCT-1 protein modifies mRNA translational profiles through its interaction with DENR/DRP, a protein containing an SUI1 domain involved in recognition of the translation initiation codon. " SIGNOR-269674 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NPAT protein Q14207 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1270 SDLPVPRtPGSGAGE 9606 10995387 t llicata "Importantly, mutation of cdk2 phosphorylation sites to alanine abrogates the ability of p220 to activate the histone h2b promoter." SIGNOR-82137 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1229 SSTDRSPyEKVSAGN 9606 14766232 t lperfetto "The present results demonstrate that Lck phosphorylation of MUC1 on Y-46 also increases binding of MUC1 and _-catenin. The results further show that ZAP-70 phosphorylation of MUC1-CD stimulates the interaction of MUC1 and _-catenin" SIGNOR-247058 N protein P59595 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18055455 t miannu "In this study, we demonstrate that SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) protein potentiates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 but attenuates Smad3/Smad4-mediated apoptosis of human peripheral lung epithelial HPL1 cells. The promoting effect of N protein on the transcriptional responses of TGF-beta is Smad3-specific. N protein associates with Smad3 and promotes Smad3-p300 complex formation while it interferes with the complex formation between Smad3 and Smad4. These findings provide evidence of a novel mechanism whereby N protein modulates TGF-beta signaling to block apoptosis of SARS-CoV-infected host cells and meanwhile promote tissue fibrosis." SIGNOR-260434 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 9606 BTO:0000782 15623513 t lperfetto "Protein kinase d1 (pkd1) was activated after tcr engagement, interacted with hdac7, and phosphorylated three serines (ser155, ser318, and ser448) at its n terminus, leading to its export from the nucleus." SIGNOR-132894 TIMELESS protein Q9UNS1 UNIPROT CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 23418588 t miannu "We performed a detailed molecular characterization of TIM interactions with the core clock protein CRY1 and the DNA damage signal transducer CHK1, and found that the N-terminus of TIM is required for association with both proteins, as well as for homodimerization." SIGNOR-268053 WDR83 protein Q9BRX9 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15118098 t gcesareni "Morg1 specifically associates with several components of the erk pathway, including mp1, raf-1, mek, and erk, and stabilizes their assembly into an oligomeric complex." SIGNOR-124473 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT AGAP2 protein Q99490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser985 THLSRVRsLDLDDWP 9606 BTO:0001130 19176382 t llicata "In addition, we have found that activated akt can bind and phosphorylate ggap2 at serine 629, which enhances gtp binding by ggap2." SIGNOR-183543 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C506 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270892 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1004 SEHDSDEsSDDDSDS 9606 BTO:0000661 10066810 t llicata "Mutational analysis of CK2 consensus sites showed that the target for CK2 was in an acidic insert of 19 amino acids in the D2 domain, and Ser to Ala mutations at amino acids 965, 968, 969, and 973 abrogated CK2 phosphorylation of CD45. CK2 phosphorylation increased CD45 activity 3-fold toward phosphorylated myelin basic protein, and this increase was reversible by PP2A treatment. " SIGNOR-251029 MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 11416147 t gcesareni "We show here that members of the mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) family (including MLK1, MLK2, MLK3, and dual leucine zipper kinase [DLK]) are expressed in neuronal cells and are likely to act between Rac1/Cdc42 and MKK4 and -7 in death signaling." SIGNOR-243345 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr743 VEVDAAVtPEERHLS 9606 BTO:0000793 24610780 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein at threonine 668 is essential for its copper-responsive trafficking in sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells. We found that the threonine 668 within the abetapp intracellular domain (aid or elsewhere aicd) is indeed phosphorylated by jnk1" SIGNOR-204679 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189975 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003355 18647246 f miannu "NOD2, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the adapter protein receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) are induced by tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B." SIGNOR-252408 UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) chemical CHEBI:58885 ChEBI α-D-glucosyl-glycogenin complex SIGNOR-C430 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 26882899 t miannu "Glycogenin initiates the first step of glycogen synthesis by self glycosylation of a short 8–12 glucose oligosaccharide primer. Glycogen synthase (GYS) elongates the glucose oligossacharide primer, which utilises UDP-glucose as the glucosyl donor." SIGNOR-268129 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 18650425 t gcesareni "Stress-induced c-jun activation mediated by polo-like kinase 3 in corneal epithelial cells. Hypoxia/reoxygenation activated plk3 in hce cells to directly phosphorylate c-jun proteins at phosphorylation sites ser-63 and ser-73, and to increase dna binding activity of c-jun." SIGNOR-179551 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 BTO:0000938 12367505 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." gcesareni "Notably mk2 is well known to play an important role in actin filament remodellng by phosphorylating hsp27." SIGNOR-94025 PGM2 protein Q96G03 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-268115 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr502 TPGTGLGtSPALAGD -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-251077 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. GDNF down-regulates doublecortin, Paf-ah1b (Lis1), dynamin, and a-tubulin, which are involved in neocortical lamination and cytoskeletal reorganization." SIGNOR-252172 "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263815 buprenorphine chemical CHEBI:3216 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258940 TARS1 protein P26639 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270799 ethanol chemical CHEBI:16236 ChEBI GLRA1 protein P23415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 8355 BTO:0000964 8700149 t miannu "Pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol (10-200 mM) reversibly potentiated the glycine receptor function in all receptors. Ethanol potentiation depended on the glycine concentration used, with decreased potentiation observed at higher glycine concentrations." SIGNOR-258495 malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI CPT1A protein P50416 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17452323 t "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) catalyzes the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the presence of l-carnitine, thus facilitating the entry of fatty acids to mitochondria, in a process that is physiologically inhibited by malonyl-CoA" SIGNOR-267758 canertinib chemical CHEBI:61399 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000017;BTO:0000195 10753475 t "Canertinib is an irreversible tyrosine-kinase inhibitor with activity against EGFR (IC50 0.8 nM), HER-2 (IC50 19 nM) and ErbB-4 (IC50 7 nM)." gcesareni "Quinazoline analogues with 7-alkoxyamine solubilizing s were potent irreversible inhibitors of the isolated egfr enzyme, with ic(50[app]) values from 2 to 4 nm, and potently inhibited both egfr and erbb2 autophosphorylation in cells." SIGNOR-76554 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-253130 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 10734133 t flangone "Finally, we have tested the set of ptps for their ability to dephosphorylate a phosphopeptide corresponding to the irk autophosphorylation site. tc-ptp, sap-1, and ptp-1b all tested positive, but ptp-? Showed no activity, although the same gst-ptp preparation could efficiently convert pnpp (tablei). Interestingly, many other ptps showed activity, namely dep-1, glepp-1, lar, ptp-?, -?, -?, And shp-1." SIGNOR-75934 MMP28 protein Q9H239 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272395 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser328 VLPSISLsPGPQPPK 9606 BTO:0000567 12734188 t lperfetto "Here we present evidence that thr292 of hrad9 is subject to cdc2-dependent phosphorylation in mitosis. Furthermore, our data are also consistent with four other hrad9 phosphorylation sites (ser277, ser328, ser336, and thr355) being regulated in part by cdc2. We also identify ser387 as a novel site of hrad9 constitutive phosphorylation and show that phosphorylation at ser387 is a prerequisite for one form of dna damage-induced hyperphosphorylation of hrad9." SIGNOR-101047 DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 7588595 t "We find that expression of CHOP, a nuclear protein that dimerizes avidly with C/EBP isoforms alpha and beta and directs the resulting heterodimer away from classic C/EBP-binding sites, markedly inhibits this differentiation process." SIGNOR-255914 TLE1 protein Q04724 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 19460168 t "Our data shows that Groucho/TLE repression requires two sites of interaction in LEF-1 and that a central, conserved amino acid sequence within the primary region (F S/T/P/xx y I/L/V) is critical." SIGNOR-260109 CYP2R1 protein Q6VVX0 UNIPROT "vitamin D" smallmolecule CHEBI:27300 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000759 30080183 t lperfetto "Vitamin D-binding protein transports vitamin D to the liver, where it undergoes 25-hydroxylation by CYP2R1. CYP27B1 further hydroxylates 25-hydroxyvitamin D at the 1-alpha position, resulting in the formation of the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D." SIGNOR-270569 HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256729 KARS1 protein Q15046 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270353 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr224 MSRFSSStEQSSASR 9606 22609948 t lperfetto "We demonstrated that dvl2 is phosphorylated at s143 and t224 in a manner that requires both non-canonical wnt5a ligand and casein kinase 1 epsilon (ck1_), and that this event is critical to interact with plk1 in early stages of the cell cycle" SIGNOR-197555 EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269138 GADD45A protein P24522 UNIPROT CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "GADD45alpha inhibits CDK11p58 kinase activity|We identified CDK11p58 as an interaction partner of GADD45α by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. We corroborated these data by co-immunoprecipitation in vitro translation assays, showing that all three members of the GADD45 family interact with CDK11p58." SIGNOR-273023 RAB6B protein Q9NRW1 UNIPROT VPS13B protein Q7Z7G8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 25492866 t miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. We show that COH1 forms a physical and functional complex with RAB6. Our results point to a role of COH1 as a RAB6 effector protein. Depletion of COH1 leads to decreased neurite outgrowth in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. These results establish a critical role for RAB6-dependent function of COH1 in neuritogenesis by regulating Golgi complex organization." SIGNOR-266870 GRIN1 protein Q05586 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. The NMDA receptor subtypes are encoded by three gene families that process mRNA transcripts to yield six distinct subunits (NR1, NR2A-2D, NR3A). Receptors are thought to be tetrameric complexes of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits" SIGNOR-264124 AMPD1 protein P23109 UNIPROT ammonium smallmolecule CHEBI:28938 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001103 1631143 t miannu "AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6) is encoded by a multigene family in mammals. The AMPD1 gene is expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle, where this enzyme is thought to play an important role in energy metabolism. AMP deaminase (AMPD; EC 3.5.4.6), an enzyme that catalyzes deamination of AMP to IMP, and the purine nucleotide cycle, of which AMPD is one component, play a central role in purine nucleotide interconversion in eukaryotic cells." SIGNOR-269775 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNAS protein P84996 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 22215617 t lperfetto "We hypothesize that XLαs may be involved in this regulatory loop by coupling to melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 in the hypothalamus." SIGNOR-253067 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNAS protein P84996 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 22215617 t lperfetto "We hypothesize that XLαs may be involved in this regulatory loop by coupling to melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 in the hypothalamus." SIGNOR-253068 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT TALDO1 protein P37837 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22789539 f miannu "We identified six genes involved in the PPP and NADPH production pathways as direct targets of Nrf2. To identify the target genes of NRF2 responsible for cell proliferation, we performed microarray analysis in A549 cells treated with NRF2 siRNA or control siRNA. We used three independent NRF2 siRNAs and selected genes whose expression levels were reduced to less than 66.7% of that of the control sample by all three siRNAs to minimize off-target effects (Table S1). In addition to the typical target genes of NRF2 encoding detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins (cytoprotective genes), genes whose products are involved in the PPP (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [PGD], transketolase [TKT], and transaldolase 1 [TALDO1]) and de novo nucleotide synthesis (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase [PPAT] and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 [MTHFD2]) were decreased by the NRF2 knockdown (Figure 1B). Genes encoding enzymes for NADPH synthesis (malic enzyme 1 [ME1] and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 [IDH1]) were also decreased (Figure 1B). We also confirmed the reduction of the enzyme proteins encoded by these genes in the NRF2-knockdown cells (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-267357 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser502 YFLQRRPsMKTLFVD 9534 BTO:0000298 14523239 t lperfetto "We found that mutation of S800 to alanine significantly reduced the PMA-induced enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents and the direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Mutation of S502 to alanine reduced PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents, but had no effect on direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Conversely, mutation of T704 to alanine had no effect on PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents but dramatically reduced direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA." SIGNOR-249230 P2RY14 protein Q15391 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256723 MBOAT7 protein Q96N66 UNIPROT 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol smallmolecule CHEBI:16749 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18772128 t miannu "The cycle of deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids plays a critical role in regulating availability of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. The major yeast lysophospholipid acyltransferase, Ale1p, is related to mammalian membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) proteins. MBOAT7 is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase with remarkable specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA. MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 are particularly susceptible to inhibition by thimerosal. Human neutrophils express mRNA for these four enzymes, and neutrophil microsomes incorporate arachidonoyl chains into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, PS, and phosphatidylethanolamine in a thimerosal-sensitive manner. These results strongly implicate MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 in arachidonate recycling, thus regulating free arachidonic acid levels and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-267248 SLC35A1 protein P78382 UNIPROT "sialic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:26667 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 34384782 t miannu "The CMP-sialic acid transporter SLC35A1 and UDP-galactose transporter SLC35A2 are two well-characterized nucleotide sugar transporters with distinctive substrate specificities. Nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs) transport nucleotide sugars from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus, where the nucleotide sugars serve as substrates for protein glycosylation and glycosphingolipid synthesis." SIGNOR-268466 PHF20 protein Q9BVI0 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267159 EIF2B1 protein Q14232 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269124 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14967450 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." lperfetto "The molecular requirements for diacylglycerol (dag) and calcium (ca2+) to promote pkc membrane translocation, the hallmark of pkc activation, have been clarified." SIGNOR-242593 GRK4 protein P32298 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 GTLRTSIsVERQIHK 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t gcesareni "...expression of GRK4ƒŽ‚ drastically increased the basal level of32P incorporation into B2R.[ƒ‚€‚]a clustered phosphorylation around Ser(346) is necessary for desensitization of the B2 receptor-induced phospholipase C activation." SIGNOR-249674 "URI1 prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C514 SIGNOR "PAQosome co-chaperone complex" complex SIGNOR-C516 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484152 t miannu "The PAQosome (Particle for Arrangement of Quaternary structure) is a large multisubunit chaperone complex that is essential for the assembly and stabilization of other macromolecular complexes. It also interacts with several chaperones including Hsp90, Hsp70, and CCT. The PAQosome is comprised of the R2TP complex, the URI1 prefoldin complex (also known as the non-canonical prefoldin-like complex), the RNA polymerase subunit RPB5, and the WD40 repeat protein WDR92. " SIGNOR-270924 NEK11 protein Q8NG66 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser88 DSGFCLDsPGPLDSK 9606 19734889 t lperfetto "Nek11 regulates cdc25a degradation and the ir-induced g2/m checkpointincubation of wild-type cdc25a with nek11 led to a marked increase in phosphorylation of ser 82 and 88 as detected with the phosphospecific antibody recognizing these sites" SIGNOR-187871 3a protein P59632 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 18632968 f Luana "Thus, caspase-9 activation and cytochrome c release in cells expressing the 3a protein indicated that this viral protein also activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis." SIGNOR-260214 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 10116 15735685 t "The rat tyrosine phosphatase eta increases cell adhesion by activating c-Src through dephosphorylation of its inhibitory phosphotyrosine residue" SIGNOR-248705 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser262 DSEDYSLsEEGQELS 9606 12167711 t gcesareni "Hypophosphorylation of mdm2 augments p53 stability." SIGNOR-91199 ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256699 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15066263 t miannu " Vertebrate Ena/VASP proteins are phosphorylated by PKA, as well as PKG, and the phosphorylation is required for full function in a number of cellular contexts" SIGNOR-268286 "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR Nucleosome complex SIGNOR-C371 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t lperfetto "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-265309 C6 protein P13671 UNIPROT "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30552328 t lperfetto "The human MAC pore was formed on liposomes from individual complement proteins. |The maps were further subdivided into three components: an asymmetric region (C5b, C6, C7, and C8), a hinge region (C7, C8, and two C9 molecules), and a C9 oligomer" SIGNOR-263442 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI PI4K2B protein Q8TCG2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21704602 t Luana "Both PI4K2A and PI4K2B were inhibited by adenosine at concentrations that do not significantly inhibit PI4KA and PI4KB actitvity" SIGNOR-258316 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr131 KENLIREyVKQTWNL 9606 BTO:0000776 9820500 t lperfetto "These represented sites of tyrosine phosphorylation previously identified from the study of in vitro autophosphorylated Syk. Phosphorylation was observed on peptides corresponding to Tyr130, Tyr317, Tyr342, Tyr346, Tyr519, and Tyr520" SIGNOR-246601 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser62 LLPTPPLsPSRRSGL 9606 10551811 t gcesareni "The jnk pathway is selectively involved in the c-myc-mediated apoptosis and that the apoptotic function of c-myc is directly regulated by jnk pathway through phosphorylation at ser-62 and ser-71." SIGNOR-72104 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ANAPC11 protein Q9NYG5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271110 UPF2 protein Q9HAU5 UNIPROT UPF1 protein Q92900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 18066079 t miannu "UPF2 and UPF3b increase UPF1 ATPase activity" SIGNOR-265246 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT KIRREL1 protein Q96J84 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr606 KDPTNGYyNVRAHED 9606 BTO:0000007 18258597 t miannu "Here we have characterized Neph1, another SD component, as a novel substrate of SFK. Fyn interacts with and phosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of Neph1 in vitro and in intact cells. Both tyrosine 637 and 638 of Neph1 are crucial for Neph1-Grb2 binding." SIGNOR-262746 PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11888928 f miannu "Plagl1 has been shown to prevent the proliferation of tumor cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis" SIGNOR-115772 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1234 RDMYDKEyYSVHNKT 9606 18819921 t gcesareni "Using substrate trapping mutants of ptp1b or tcptp, we have demonstrated that both phosphatases interact with met and that these interactions require phosphorylation of twin tyrosines (tyr-1234/1235) in the activation loop of the met kinase domain. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of tyr-1234/1235 in the activation loop of the met receptor is elevated in the absence of either ptp1b or tcptp and further elevated upon loss of both phosphatases. This enhanced phosphorylation of met corresponds to enhanced biological activity and cellular invasion." SIGNOR-181323 PASK protein Q96RG2 UNIPROT PASK protein Q96RG2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1161 ERGKLFYtFCGTIEY -1 11459942 t lperfetto "We present evidence that the activity of pask is regulated by two mechanisms. Autophosphorylation at two threonine residues located within the activation loop significantly increases catalytic activity." SIGNOR-109481 HHIP protein Q96QV1 UNIPROT IHH protein Q14623 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 10050855 t lperfetto "Hip encodes a membrane glycoprotein that binds to all three mammalian hedgehog proteins with an affinity comparable to that of ptc-1. our findings support a model in which hip attenuates hedgehog signalling as a result of binding to hedgehog proteins: a negative regulatory feedback loop established in this way could thus modulate the responses to any hedgehog signal." SIGNOR-65075 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Thr176 HLFGFPPtPPKEVSP 9606 BTO:0000007 25670854 t irozzo "Here, we demonstrate that F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (Fbw7/Fbxw7), a component of Skp1, Cullin 1, F-box-containing complex (SCF)-type E3 ligase, is an E3 ligase for GATA2. GATA2 contains a cell division control protein 4 (Cdc4) phosphodegron (CPD), a consensus motif for ubiquitylation by Fbw7, which includes Thr(176). Ectopic expression of Fbw7 destabilized GATA2 and promoted its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-256005 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT TRPC3 protein Q13507 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser251 KNDYRKLsMQCKDFV 9606 BTO:0000007 14983059 t gcesareni "There are two known phosphorylation-mediated inactivation mechanisms for trpc3 channels. Protein kinase g (pkg) inactivates trpc3 by direct phosphorylation on thr-11 and ser-263 of the trpc3 proteins, and protein kinase c (pkc) inactivates trpc3 by phosphorylation on ser-712." SIGNOR-122978 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser338 RPRGQRDsSYYWEIE -1 16892053 t "Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) was identified as an inactivator that associates with Raf-1 on growth factor stimulation and selectively dephosphorylates an essential activating site, Ser 338. The PP5-mediated dephosphorylation of Ser 338 inhibited Raf-1 activity and downstream signalling to MEK" SIGNOR-248537 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr54 YLKERRVyVTLTCAF 9606 17456551 t lperfetto "Using fluorescently tagged proteins combined with resonance energy transfer and image cross-correlation spectroscopy approaches, we show in live cells that beta2-adaptin phosphorylation is an important regulatory process for the dissociation of beta-arrestin-AP-2 complexes in CCPs. Finally, we show that beta2-adaptin phosphorylation is involved in the early steps of receptor internalization. Our findings not only unveil beta2-adaptin as a new Src target during AT1R internalization, but also support the role of receptor-mediated signaling in the control of clathrin-dependent endocytosis of receptors." SIGNOR-154564 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu50 RANTFLEeVRKGNLE -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263676 budesonide chemical CHEBI:3207 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9793625 t "Mometasone furoate (MF, CAS 83919-23-7, Sch 32088), budesonide (BUD, CAS 51372-29-3), fluticasone propionate (FP, CAS 80474-14-2), and triamcinolone acetonide (TA, CAS-76-25-5) are corticosteroids. All of the test compounds had a higher affinity for the recombinant glucocorticoid receptor than the reference glucocorticoid receptor ligand, dexamethasone (DEX, CAS 50-02-2). All compounds showed greater potency than dexamethasone in stimulating transcription of a synthetic target gene regulated by a glucocorticoid response element." SIGNOR-253053 CENPK protein Q9BS16 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265212 IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT up-regulates binding -1 10219247 t gcesareni "Nterleukin-4 (il-4) is a principal regulatory cytokine during an immune response and a crucial determinant for allergy and asthma. Il-4 binds with high affinity and specificity to the ectodomain of the il-4 receptor alpha chain (il4-bp)." SIGNOR-67217 INO80C protein Q6PI98 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270851 "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial (mt) ATP synthase, or complex V consists of two functional domains: F(1), situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and F(o), located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Complex V uses the energy created by the proton electrochemical gradient to phosphorylate ADP to ATP." SIGNOR-261410 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser700 FGEKRKNsILNPINS -1 1377674 t miannu "CFTR is phosphorylated directly by PKA and PKC in vivo. phosphorylation by PKA is necessary to allow ATP hydrolysis by CFTR and that ATP hydrolysis is necessary for channel opening. CF-2 was phosphorylated by PKA in vitro on serines 660,700, 737, 813 and most likely on both serines 768 and 795." SIGNOR-250348 lenalidomide chemical CHEBI:63791 ChEBI CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 BTO:0000670 26131937 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that lenalidomide induces the ubiquitination of casein kinase 1A1 (CK1a) by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4€“RBX1€“DDB1€“CRBN (known as CRL4CRBN)" SIGNOR-236895 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 KLRRRFSsLHFMVEV 9606 15004527 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylated recombinant casp9 in vitro on serine-196 and inhibited its protease activity" SIGNOR-252472 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser24 QAAPKAPsKKEKKKG 9534 BTO:0004055 10542228 t lperfetto "We have mapped the TPA-induced DOC-2/DAB2 protein phosphorylation site to Ser24, which appears to modulate the DOC-2/DAB2 inhibition of AP-1 transcription activity. Results indicate that phosphorylation of Ser24 is mediated by PKCbetaII, PKC_, and PKCdelta, but not CKII. This suggests that the PKC phosphorylation of Ser24 in DOC-2/DAB2 may be an underlying mechanisms for its tumor-suppressive function." SIGNOR-249027 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 22749528 f Luana "Leucine and Glutamine Activate Glutaminolysis and mTORC1" SIGNOR-268015 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H3Y2 protein P0DPK5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265416 SEMA3B protein Q13214 UNIPROT NRP1 protein O14786 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25335892 t miannu "Further examination of the composition of the functional Sema3B receptor revealed that, unlike Sema3A, which signals exclusively using the NP1 receptor, Sema3B utilizes both NP1 and NP2 for signal transduction." SIGNOR-261814 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HERC3 protein Q15034 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271291 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser831 EPVEQDSsQPSLPLV 9606 22621922 t gcesareni "Here we report phosphorylation of 53bp1 at several novel residues, using mass spectrometry and phospho-specific antibodies, and show that ionising radiation-stimulated phosphorylation of these residues requires atm." SIGNOR-197615 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2K protein P61086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271367 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT CISH protein Q9NSE2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15769897 f "The STAT5 target gene CIS, a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein family, was highly induced by Flt3-ITD" SIGNOR-261542 MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272373 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr537 CKNVVPLyDLLLEML 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000567 9500442 t gcesareni "On the basis of these data and other reports describing the structure and activity of y537 mutations, as well as knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the her ligand binding domain, we propose an alternate model wherein y537f mutation favors an open pocket conformation, affecting the estrogen binding kinetics and stability of the hormone-bound, transcriptionally active closed pocket conformation." SIGNOR-55853 NKD1 protein Q969G9 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20858476 t gcesareni "Naked (nkd)1 and nkd2 are mammalian homologs of drosophila naked cuticle, which negatively regulates canonical wnt signaling by binding dishevelled. various reports using cell culture assays indicate that nkd-mediated wnt antagonism involves dvl degradation" SIGNOR-167984 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" 9606 18292944 f amattioni "Overexpression of hdm2 resulted in a decrease in the level of p21waf1" SIGNOR-160977 DUOX2 protein Q9NRD8 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264720 oxytocin smallmolecule CHEBI:7872 ChEBI OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257556 GPR84 protein Q9NQS5 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257099 ASB2 protein Q96Q27 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 19300455 t miannu "Here, we provide the first evidence that a novel ASB2 isoform, ASB2beta, is important for muscle differentiation. ASB2beta is expressed in muscle cells during embryogenesis and in adult tissues. ASB2beta is part of an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targets the actin-binding protein filamin B (FLNb) for proteasomal degradation.  Altogether, our results indicated that ASB2β can assemble with elongin B, elongin C, Cullin 5 and Rbx2 to reconstitute an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.ASB2β induces polyubiquitylation of FLNb." SIGNOR-271800 PITX2 protein Q99697 UNIPROT GNRH1 protein P01148 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004467 19106114 f miannu "Knockdown of PITX1 or PITX2 isoforms impaired GNRH1 induction, and endogenous PITX1 bound to the candidate PITX binding site on the LHB promoter." SIGNOR-254922 "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR rRNA_transcription phenotype SIGNOR-PH145 SIGNOR up-regulates 22260999 f lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266177 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2481 TVPESIHsFIGDGLV 9606 BTO:0000782 SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR-C2 10702316 t lperfetto "We report here the identification of a FRAP autophosphorylation site. This site, Ser-2481, is located in a hydrophobic region near the conserved carboxyl-terminal FRAP tail. We demonstrate that the COOH-terminal tail is required for FRAP kinase activity and for signaling to the translational regulator p70(s6k) (ribosomal subunit S6 kinase)." SIGNOR-75394 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT SMAD7/HDAC1/E2F-1 complex SIGNOR-C12 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23213415 t gcesareni "Furthermore, smad7 caused hdac-1 bind to e2f-1 to form a ternary complex on chromosomal dna containing an e2f-binding motif and leading to repression in the activity of the e2f target genes" SIGNOR-199958 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257906 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT SIGLEC10 protein Q96LC7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr691 PKGTQADyAEVKFQ 9606 11733002 t lperfetto "These results suggest that the tyrosines at positions 597 and 667, contained within itim-like motifs, are likely targets of phosphorylation by several classes of signaling molecules, including lck, jak3, and emt. The tyrosine located at position y691 was also contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by lck and jak3 kinases. however, it is not clear whether y691 is capable of binding sap or a similar protein. Future studies will attempt to elucidate the signaling activities associated with y691" SIGNOR-112487 TNFSF11 protein O14788 UNIPROT TNFRSF11B protein O00300 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11733492 t gcesareni "Receptor activator of nf-kappa b ligand (rankl, also known as odf and opgl), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) family, triggers osteoclastogenesis by forming a complex with its receptor, rank." SIGNOR-112539 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT SPTLC1 protein O15269 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr164 KTEEAIIySYGFATI 9606 23629659 t llicata "We demonstrated that the er-resident human protein serine palmitoyltransferase long chain-1 (sptlc1), which is the first enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis, is phosphorylated at tyr(164) by the tyrosine kinase abl. this occurred through the specific abl-mediated phosphorylation of sptlc1 on tyr164, leading to the attenuation of its activity." SIGNOR-202003 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser293 GSTKRRKsMSGASPK 9606 12676583 t Manara "Chk2 phosphorylates a subset of the Chk1-targeted sites of Cdc25A | Phosphorylation of serines 123, 178, 278, and 292 regulates both basal and IR-induced accelerated proteolysis of Cdc25A" SIGNOR-260836 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser331 STRPRSLsLQPQLTQ 9606 12147288 t llicata "Ser-331 was found to be involved in pka-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-90976 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT TBCB protein Q99426 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser65 GVDDKFYsKLDQEDA 9606 BTO:0000150 15831477 t lperfetto "P21-activated kinase 1 regulates microtubule dynamics by phosphorylating tubulin cofactor b. Pak1 directly phosphorylated tcob in vitro and in vivo on serines 65 and 128 and colocalized with tcob on newly polymerized microtubules and on centrosomes. Pak1 phosphorylation is necessary for normal tcob function" SIGNOR-135464 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 9727491 t gcesareni "Casp8 can activate downstream caspases like caspase-6, and caspase-7 by directly cleaving them." SIGNOR-58118 "bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17747 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "We discovered that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), two of the highest volume production agents, were potent activators of human CAR2 (hCAR2), a unique human CAR splice variant and, to a lesser degree, human PXR (hPXR)." SIGNOR-268774 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-156864 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004475 19825991 f miannu "Gene expression arrays identified components of the PU.1-dependent transcriptome negatively regulated by GATA-1 in MEL cells, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpa) and core-binding factor, beta subunit (Cbfb), which encode two key hematopoietic transcription factors." SIGNOR-254189 aclidinium chemical CHEBI:65346 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 19653626 t Luana "This compound is a potent muscarinic antagonist, with long duration of action in vivo, and was found to have a rapid hydrolysis in human plasma, minimizing the potential to induce class-related systemic side effects." SIGNOR-258151 FOLR1 protein P15328 UNIPROT (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18608 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 10787414 t lperfetto "The differential polarized distribution of the reduced-folate transporter (RFT-1) and folate receptor alpha (FRalpha), the two proteins involved in the transport of folate, has been characterized in normal mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and in cultured human RPE cells." SIGNOR-268267 CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "BCR consists of a pair of identical immunoglob- ulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains. though membrane BCR per se is not able to transduce downstream signaling, it does so by making BCR complex with CD79. The extracellular portion of the BCR is non-covalently coupled to a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the CD79A and CD79B. This association allows expression of BCR on the plasma membrane and BCR internalization after antigen recognition." SIGNOR-268196 KLKB1 protein P03952 UNIPROT KNG1 protein P01042 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg381 GMISLMKrPPGFSPF 9606 BTO:0000131 cleavage:Arg390 CTTKTSTrIVGGTNS 28966616 t lperfetto "Bradykinin is a nonapeptide composed of the sequence Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg and functions as an inflammatory mediator. BK is the product of the kallikrein–kinin system following activation of FXII. FXIIa leads to proteolysis of PK, and the resulting PKa cleaves HK to generate BK (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-263547 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003346 16847334 t "Oncogenic beta-catenin resists proteasomal degradation by inhibiting PPARgamma activity, which requires its TCF/LEF binding domain" SIGNOR-256072 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD1/5/8 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF35 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0004058 19620713 t ggiuliani "The expression of CA-BMPr1A and CA-BMPr1B mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR using appropriate primers to distinguish expression of the constitutively active receptors from endogenous BMP receptors; specific antibodies for these receptors were not available. However, the functional effects of their expression, i.e., phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, verify overexpression of the constitutively active receptors (Fig. 3B). Thus, their overexpression provoked a substantial rise in the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, known downstream phosphorylated intermediates in the BMP signaling pathway (Fig. 3B) (16, 17)." SIGNOR-255831 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 12213813 t lperfetto "In response to UV-B irradiation, the translation factor 4E-BP1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E [eIF4E]-binding protein 1) was phosphorylated at Thr36, Thr45, Ser64 and Thr69. Using either p38 MAPK inhibitors or the MSK inhibitor H89, UV-B-irradiation-induced phosphorylation was blocked [43]. 4E-BP1 binds to eIF4E in resting cells to prevent formation of a functional eIF4F complex, which is essential for cap-dependent initiation of translation. Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 leads to dissociation from eIF4E" SIGNOR-262994 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192446 vatalanib chemical CHEBI:90620 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258309 5-(3-Methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine chemical CID:11617559 PUBCHEM CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258119 RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT POLH protein Q9Y253 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys709 QTLESFFkPLTH 9606 21791603 t miannu "Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase monoubiquitinates DNA polymerase eta to suppress translesion DNA synthesis. Specifically, we show that Pirh2, a target of the p53 tumor suppressor, monoubiquitinates PolH at one of multiple lysine residues.we show that monoubiquitination of PolH alters the ability of PolH to translocate to replication foci for translesion DNA synthesis of UV-induced DNA lesions.These results suggest that Pirh2 monoubiquitinates PolH at one of the four lysine residues (K682, K686, K694, and K709)." SIGNOR-272733 POLA2 protein Q14181 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex" complex SIGNOR-C262 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24043831 t lperfetto "At the replication fork, primase is present in a constitutive complex with DNA polymerase α (Pol α), which extends the RNA primer with deoxynucleotides and makes the resulting RNA–DNA primer available to the leading- and lagging-strand polymerases, Pols ε and δ, for processive elongation " SIGNOR-261342 WIPF1 protein O43516 UNIPROT WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10878810 t lperfetto "Recruitment of N-WASP to vaccinia is mediated by WASP-interacting protein (WIP), whereas in Shigella WIP is recruited by N-WASP. Our observations show that vaccinia and Shigella activate the Arp2/3 complex to achieve actin-based motility, by mimicking either the SH2/SH3-containing adaptor or Cdc42 signalling pathways to recruit the N-WASP-WIP complex." SIGNOR-261880 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1802 SNVSSSGsINLLESP -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250168 GRIN2C protein Q14957 UNIPROT GRIN1 protein Q05586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004278 19477150 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that PKB/Akt directly phosphorylates NR2C on serine 1096 (S1096). In addition, we identify 14-3-3epsilon as an NR2C interactor, whose binding is dependent on S1096 phosphorylation. These data are all consistent with a model in which NR1 and NR2C oligomerize, PKB phosphorylates S1096, and 14-3-3ε binds to phosphorylated NR2C thereby promoting NR2C-containing NMDA receptor surface expression in cerebellar granule cells." SIGNOR-262621 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser621 PKINRSAsEPSLHRA 9534 19595761 t lperfetto "We show that phosphorylation of s621 turns over rapidly and is enriched in the activated pool of endogenous raf-1. The phosphorylation on this site can be mediated by raf-1 itself but also by other kinase(s)" SIGNOR-235770 LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257325 EID1 protein Q9Y6B2 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 11073990 t lperfetto "Inhibition of MyoD may be explained by EID-1's ability to bind and inhibit p300's histone acetylase activity, an essential MyoD coactivator." SIGNOR-253377 IL21 protein Q9HBE4 UNIPROT PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 22486304 f miannu "Interleukin-21 inhibits humoral response to an hiv dna vaccine by enhancing bcl-6 andpax-5expression." SIGNOR-196921 MED28 protein Q9H204 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266674 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PITPNM1 protein O00562 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr287 SAASNTGtPDGPEAP 9606 15125835 t lperfetto "T287 is phosphorylated by cdk1 during mitosis. Phosphorylation of nir2 by cdk1 facilitates its dissociation from the golgi apparatus, and phospho-nir2(ps382) is localized in the cleavage furrow and midbody during cytokinesis." SIGNOR-124642 DRAM2 protein Q6UX65 UNIPROT ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30755245 f irozzo "Here, we show that DRAM2 may act as an oncogenic regulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, DRAM2 overexpression increased the expression of proteins RAC1, RHOA, RHOC, ROCK1, and decreased RHOB expression, all of which are cell migration factors." SIGNOR-259144 MTMR1 protein Q13613 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate(5-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57923 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18429927 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 can be dephosphorylated by the 3-phosphatase myotubularins (MTMs), leading to the production of PtdIns5P. Myotubularins also dephosphorylate PtdIns3P into PtdIns" SIGNOR-269804 MACROH2A1 protein O75367 UNIPROT rRNA_transcription phenotype SIGNOR-PH145 SIGNOR down-regulates 16428466 f miannu "These data unambiguously identify mH2A as a strong transcriptional repressor and show that the repressive effect of mH2A is realized on at least two different transcription activation chromatin-dependent pathways: histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling." SIGNOR-272930 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys773 RRNPAGTkWMEHVKL 9606 BTO:0000938 17283082 t lperfetto "Third, we and others have recently shown that only phosphorylated Ci/Gli3 are able to directly bind Slimb/BetaTrCP, that Gli3 is polyubiquitinated in the cell, and that mutations of 4 lysine residues, the putative ubiquitination sites in the Gli3 C-terminal region, inhibit Gli3 processing These observations further support the notion that Ci/Gli3 processing is carried out by the proteasome because the deletion of the cleavage site is expected to often disrupt the protease-mediated site-specific cleavage." SIGNOR-145116 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19010791 f miannu "Transcriptional upregulation of foxl2 during oxidative and heat stress" SIGNOR-182303 DUSP10 protein Q9Y6W6 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10391943 t gcesareni "Mkp-5 directly dephosphorylates sapk/jnk and p38 in vitromkp-5 binds to p38 and sapk/jnk, but not to mapk/erk, and inactivates p38 and sapk/jnk" SIGNOR-68986 INCENP protein Q9NQS7 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 7227 16824953 t lperfetto "INCENP is phosphorylated by Aurora B and activates the kinase in a positive feedback loop" SIGNOR-252048 ZBED1 protein O96006 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001138 22021382 f 1 miannu "XNP/dATRX physically interacts with DREF. our results show that DREF is required for the proper expression of pnr and that XNP/dATRX binds to DREF at the DRE sites, resulting in the repression of pnr gene expression." SIGNOR-239736 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser217 AHYSPRTsPIMSPRT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248686 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001103 11717410 f "Atrogin-1 is one of the few examples of an F-box protein or Ub-protein ligase (E3) expressed in a tissue-specific manner and appears to be a critical component in the enhanced proteolysis leading to muscle atrophy in diverse diseases" SIGNOR-255344 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT CCNE2 protein O96020 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 19255092 t miannu "In order to identify CHD8 target genes, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of CHD8-depleted cells, finding out that CHD8 controls the expression of cyclin E2 (CCNE2) and thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), two genes expressed in the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. CHD8 was also able to co-activate the CCNE2 promoter in transient transfection experiments. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that CHD8 binds directly to the 5' region of both CCNE2 and TYMS genes." SIGNOR-268804 HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deacetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 27758890 t "Overexpression of HA-HDAC3 decreased the acetylation level of endogenous FASN by 35% in HEK293T cells, while the expression of a catalytic inactive mutant HDAC3Y298H (38) failed to reduce FASN acetylation (Fig. 4C). Conversely, HDAC3 knockdown increased the acetylation level of endogenous FASN by >1.5-fold in HEK293T cells" SIGNOR-267367 BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8006002 t fspada "Bmp-4 bound to alk-3 and alk-6 efficiently" SIGNOR-35763 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser559 PTSRGGAsVEETDQS 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000567 20043841 t lperfetto "Additionally protein kinase ck2 was identified as a kinase that phosphorylated eralpha at s282 and s559 s282 and s559 represent the second and third sites of er_ regulation by ck2. Remarkably, mutation of s282 or s559 to alanine resulted in near opposite functional effects on er_ as compared to mutation of s167 to alanine. Er_ ligand independent transcriptional activity was markedly enhanced upon mutation of s282 and s559 to alanine" SIGNOR-162657 TRAC protein P01848 UNIPROT TCR complex SIGNOR-C153 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12507424 t miannu "The T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) serves a critical role in the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells, and receptor triggering elicits a complex set of biological responses that serve to protect the organism from infectious agents. The receptor is composed of six different chains that form the TCR heterodimer responsible for ligand recognition, as well as the CD3γε, CD3δε, and ζζ signaling modules.the TCRα-CD3δε and TCRβ-CD3γε interactions are similar since both require a lysine in the TM region of the respective TCR chain and both acidic TM residues in the relevant CD3 heterodimer. Nevertheless, formation of fully assembled αβ TCR-CD3 complexes containing the ζ-chain strictly required both CD3γ and δ" SIGNOR-255297 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23604317 t miannu " FBXL2 interacts with the pool of p85β that is free of p110 PI(3)K catalytic subunits and targets this pool for ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation.This result suggests that FBXL2 localization to cell membranes facilitates substrate binding, which in turn stimulates CUL1 neddylation and activation of ubiquitin ligase activity." SIGNOR-271938 Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 19279717 t apalma "After binding of Wnt to the receptor complex, the signal is transduced to cytoplasmic phosphoprotein Dishevelled (Dsh/Dvl), and studies have uncovered that Dsh can directly interact with Fz" SIGNOR-255892 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 15659650 t lperfetto "CHK1 and CHK2 phosphorylate the p53 N terminus at Ser15, Thr18, Ser20, and Ser37" SIGNOR-217803 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity" SIGNOR-183658 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10617468 t lperfetto "The mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase cascade is inactivated at the level of map kinase by members of the map kinase phosphatase (mkp) family, including mkp-1" SIGNOR-73614 Osmotic_stress stimulus SIGNOR-ST28 SIGNOR FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000312 33172210 f "We found that osmotic stress robustly induced nuclear loss of TDP-43, SPFQ, FUS, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPK, with characteristic changes in nucleocytoplasmic localisation in an RBP-dependent manne" SIGNOR-262815 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21620960 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. In addition, phosphorylation of afx by protein kinase b inhibits its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252866 TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24622840 t miannu "MAVS also interacts with STING that locates at the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), and induces the ubiquitination and dimerization of STING. The activated STING recruits TBK1 and IRF3 and contributes to the phosphorylation of IRF3 mediated by TBK1." SIGNOR-260156 TCF12 protein Q99081 UNIPROT PTCRA protein Q6ISU1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22577461 f miannu "Hebalt positively regulates t-cell genes, such as pt_ and notch3" SIGNOR-197520 CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 19436055 f apalma "As a consequence of Jak2 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of beta-c, Src homology 2 and phosphotyrosine binding domain proteins are recruited to the active receptor and initiate the major tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways, including the Jak/signal transducer and activator of transcription, Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI-3) kinase pathways" SIGNOR-255586 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr576 RYMEDSTyYKASKGK 9606 7529876 t llicata "We found that maximal kinase activity of fak immune complexes requires phosphorylation of both tyrosines 576 and 577. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of fak by src (or other src family kinases) is an important step in the formation of an active signaling complex." SIGNOR-27875 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AANAT protein Q16613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr31 PSCQRRHtLPASEFR -1 11336675 t miannu "AANAT1201 is phosphorylated at Thr-31 by PKA, it binds to 14-3-3. regulation is achieved by binding to 14-3-3, which structurally modulates the substrate binding sites, leading to measurable effects on the affinity of AANAT for its substrates with an accompanying increase in activity at low substrate concentrations. " SIGNOR-250325 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT TYR protein P14679 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser527 DYHSLYQsHL 9606 BTO:0000848 10347209 t llicata "We conclude that pkc-beta activates tyrosinase directly by phosphorylating serine residues at positions 505 and 509 in the cytoplasmic domain of this melanosome-associated protein. our results strongly suggest that direct phosphorylation of tyrosinase by pkc-_ leads to its activation." SIGNOR-67870 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT HECTD4 protein Q9Y4D8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 32814769 t miannu "Overexpression of DOT1L decreased the expression of HECTD4 and MYCBP2 in LNCaP, C42B, and 22rv1 cells (Supplementary Fig. 5c), suggesting that DOT1L plays a role in repressing these targets either directly or indirectly." SIGNOR-267150 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1721 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248823 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0002419 14633703 t "Here, we identify PP1 as a serine/threonine phosphatase that associates with and dephosphorylates AKT in breast cancer cells|The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin and the ErbB inhibitor ZD1839 promote rapid PP1 phosphatase-dependent inactivation of AKT in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-252603 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr107 GNSAEEYyENVPCKA -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273557 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT E2F6 protein O75461 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser12 RPARKLPsLLLDPTE -1 23954429 t miannu "the checkpoint kinase Chk1 phosphorylates E2F6 leading to its dissociation from promoters." SIGNOR-266370 GCK protein P35557 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266458 CD2AP protein Q9Y5K6 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001938 29175910 t lperfetto "One such regulator is the adaptor protein CD2AP, which delivers capping proteins to the barbed ends of polymerizing F-actin. Capping growing filaments can promote the formation of actin branches by increasing the G-actin pool available to form branches" SIGNOR-264769 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1474 GSSNGHVyEKLSSIE -1 11483655 t lperfetto "We have investigated the tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src Phosphorylation-site specific antibodies identified NR2B Tyr1472 as a phosphorylation site for intrinsic PSD tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-247180 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000141 18179858 t irozzo "KIT mutations within the carboxy-terminal region of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain (TK2), such as KITD816V, stabilize the KIT activation loop conformation in its active form.Previous studies have demonstrated hyperactivation of p85α regulatory subunit of class IA phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) in cell lines expressing the activation loop mutant of KIT. Although p85α is hyperphosphorylated and constitutively bound to KITD814V in cell-line models." SIGNOR-256121 CENPN protein Q96H22 UNIPROT "CENP-A nucleosome" complex SIGNOR-C321 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20566683 t miannu "CENP-C, like CENP-N, interacts directly and specifically with CENP-A nucleosomes. CENP-C and CENP-N bind to different sites on the same CENP-A nucleosomes. CENP-N also binds directly to CENP-A nucleosomes, thus providing additional CENP-A nucleosome contacts that reinforce the specificity of the centromere assembly process" SIGNOR-263705 CHRNA7 protein P36544 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 27167578 t "Here, we demonstrate a role for α7 nAChR/G protein interaction in the activation of the small (monomeric) RhoA GTPase leading to cytoskeletal changes during neurite growth. Treatment of PC12 cells with the α7 nAChR agonist choline or PNU-282987 was associated with an increase in RhoA activity and an inhibition in neurite growth." SIGNOR-253985 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT SIGLEC7 protein Q9Y286 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0001516 17138568 t miannu "SOCS proteins can act as E3 ligases by forming a complex with Elongin B/C and Cul5/Rbx1/2.SOCS3 targets Siglec 7 for degradation" SIGNOR-272642 2-[(4S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-4-yl]-N-ethylacetamide chemical CHEBI:95082 ChEBI BRD3 protein Q15059 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24015967 t Gianni "This paper describes the discovery and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of potent benzodiazepine inhibitors that disrupt the function of the BET family of bromodomains (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4). This work has yielded a potent, selective compound I-BET762 that is now under evaluation" SIGNOR-262203 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser108 DVEELTAsQREAAER 9606 19647517 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of mcm2 by cdc7 promotes pre-replication complex assembly during cell-cycle re-entry" SIGNOR-187388 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10078207 t miannu "The remodeling activity of brg1 and hbrm is stimulated by baf170/baf155 and is further stimulated when ini1 is added." SIGNOR-65438 "RZZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C357 SIGNOR DCTN2 protein Q13561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 20462495 t lperfetto "ZW10 interacts with dynamitin, a subunit of the dynein-dynactin complex (Echeverri et al., 1996), thereby recruiting this motor to kinetochores" SIGNOR-265017 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser111 SPPSPAPsSFSSTSV 9606 20305697 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-164625 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser170 KEGDVDVsDSDDEDD 9606 18559419 t llicata "Here we show that ck2 phosphorylates the transcription initiation factor tif-ia at serines 170 and 172 (ser170/172), and this phosphorylation triggers the release of tif-ia from pol i after transcription initiation." SIGNOR-178939 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT ARHGEF7 protein Q14155 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser518 LSASPRMsGFIYQGK 9606 25009260 t lperfetto "Pkc_ directly phosphorylates _pix at ser583 and indirectly at ser340 in cells. herefore, we propose that pkc_ positively modulates dopamine release through _2pix phosphorylation. The pkc_-_pix-cdc42/rac1 phosphorylation axis may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of parkinsonian syndrome" SIGNOR-205234 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT LZTR1 protein Q8N653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 16356934 f "Induction of Apoptosis by Staurosporine, TNFŒ±, and TRAIL Induces Degradation of LZTR-1 by Caspase- and Proteasome-dependent Pathways" SIGNOR-253612 linifanib chemical CHEBI:91435 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193666 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189978 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257349 ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257726 JARID2 protein Q92833 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002267 23435416 t lperfetto "JARID2 is a direct target of the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein and inhibits myogenic differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells|Addition of Differentiation Media (DM) to human myoblasts was associated with the induction of MYOG, MYOD and MYL1 and a decrease in JARID2 RNA expression|Furthermore, we that showed JARID2 binds to and alters the methylation status of histone H3 lysine 27 in the promoter regions of MYOG and MYL1 and that the interaction of JARID2 at these promoters is dependent upon EED, a core component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Therefore JARID2 is a downstream effector of PAX3-FOXO1 that maintains an undifferentiated myogenic phenotype that is characteristic of RMS" SIGNOR-249599 COX5B protein P10606 UNIPROT Oxidative_phosphorylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH78 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 23021218 f lperfetto "PGC1a is known to drive the expression of many genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including cytochrome c (CytC) and the cyto- chrome C oxidative (COX) subunits (CoxIII, Cox4il, Cox5b, Cox7a, and Cox8b)." SIGNOR-253102 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser320 QRSRKRLsQDAYRRN 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89197 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C77 21902831 t lperfetto "P38 can phosphorylate the histone-lysine n-methyltransferase ezh2, the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (prc2), with phosphorylation of ezh2 necessary for prc2s association with the transcriptional repressor yy1 and subsequent chromatin remodelling." SIGNOR-176548 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17991704 t gcesareni "N attractive hypothesis consistent with our present data is that the gef responsible for rac activation in mce cells may be activated by src family kinase tyrosine phosphorylationour results present a novel mechanism by which the pi3k and src signaling cascades cooperate to activate rac and promote intestinal epithelial cell migration downstream of egfr." SIGNOR-158954 CHD1 protein O14646 UNIPROT SF3a complex SIGNOR-C345 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18042460 t miannu "CHD1 was found to bridge core spliceosomal components to H3K4me3 via specific interactions with the SF3a sub-complex of U2 snRNP. The recruitment of SF3a and the efficiency of pre-mRNA splicing were perturbed upon reduction of CHD1 and H3K4me3." SIGNOR-263951 ADCY5 protein O95622 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-264999 WNT5B protein Q9H1J7 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 16273260 t gcesareni "Human wnt5a, wnt5b and wnt11 are non-canonical wnt ligands transducing pcp signals through fzd3 or fzd6 receptors." SIGNOR-141440 IL22 protein Q9GZX6 UNIPROT IL22RA2 protein Q969J5 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 11390453 t gcesareni "We identified a gene encoding a protein of 231 aa, showing 33 and 34% amino acid identity with the extracellular domains of the il-22 receptor and of the il-20r/cytokine receptor family 2-8,the recombinant protein was found to bind il-10-related t cell-derived inducible factor/il-22, and to inhibit the activity of this cytokine on hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells. We propose to name this natural cytokine antagonist il-22bp for il-22 binding protein. respectively, but lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains" SIGNOR-86110 U0126 chemical CHEBI:90693 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11160424 t gcesareni "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity. U0126 was found to functionally antagonize ap-1 transcriptional activity via noncompetitive the dual specificity kinase mek with an ic50 of 0.07 microm for mek 1 and 0.06 microm for mek 2." SIGNOR-104942 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16431920 t fspada "These data suggest that c/ebp beta activates a single unified pathway of adipogenesis involving its stimulation of ppargamma expression, which then activates c/ebp alpha expression by dislodging hdac1 from the promoter for degradation in the proteasome" SIGNOR-210013 "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30544080 f miannu "Cohesin, one of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes, forms a ring-shaped protein complex, and mediates sister chromatid cohesion for accurate chromosome segregation and precise genome inheritance." SIGNOR-264523 RNF19A protein Q9NV58 UNIPROT CASR protein P41180 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16513638 t miannu "Coexpression with dorfin decreased the amount of total CaR protein and increased CaR ubiquitination, whereas a dominant negative fragment of dorfin had opposite effects. dorfin-mediated proteasomal degradation of immature CaR occurs from the endoplasmic reticulum. Because endogenous CaR in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells is also subject to degradation from the endoplasmic reticulum, dorfin-mediated ubiquitination may contribute to a general mechanism for CaR quality control during biosynthesis." SIGNOR-271456 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11274206 t gcesareni "the receptor-regulated Smad, such as Smad2, forms a heterocomplex with the co-mediator Smad, Smad4" SIGNOR-235178 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG 9606 BTO:0000007 11970898 t "Immunoblots with phospho-specific antibodies confirmed that PTP1B suppresses phosphorylation of the Jak2 activation site tyrosines (Y1007/Y1008) and Stat3 in a dose-dependent manner" SIGNOR-248404 CASP8AP2 protein Q9UKL3 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 22075988 t lperfetto "In addition, both cleavage products of c-flip turned out to be inducers of nf-kb activity by binding to the ikk complex." SIGNOR-217385 MAML3 protein Q96JK9 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12370315 t gcesareni "We report here the cloning and characterization of two new genes, maml2 and maml3, that also function as transcriptional coactivators for notch receptors." SIGNOR-94097 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADD2 protein P35612 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser713 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK 9606 16116087 t gcesareni "We now demonstrate that ptn stimulates the phosphorylation of serines 713 and 726 in the myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase (pk) c substrate domain of beta-adducin through activation of either pkc alpha or beta." SIGNOR-139870 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser180 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 SIGNOR-C14 9520446 t lperfetto "NIK preferentially phosphorylates ikk-alpha over ikk-beta, leading to the activation of ikk-alpha kinase activity; the accumulated nik phosphorylates ikkalfa." SIGNOR-55946 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT HSD17B10 protein Q99714 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 25591737 t miannu " This study identifies the multifunctional PD-related mitochondrial matrix enzyme 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD17B10) as a new Parkin substrate." SIGNOR-272823 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259018 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp62 VETVFSVdEFSASVL -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263593 BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT WASF1 protein Q92558 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11130076 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that irsp53, a substrate forinsulinreceptor with unknown function, is the 'missing link' between rac and wave. Activated rac binds to the amino terminus of irsp53, and carboxy-terminal src-homology-3 domain of irsp53 binds to wave to form a trimolecular complex." SIGNOR-85299 "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 25675981 f lperfetto "The Integrator complex controls the termination of transcription at diverse classes of gene targets.|Following INTS3 or INTS9 knockdown, the levels of SDC4, JUNB, FOSL1, and GADD45B increased, suggesting that the Integrator complex negatively regulates the transcription of these genes." SIGNOR-261479 RNF216 protein Q9NWF9 UNIPROT TLR9 protein Q9NR96 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 15107846 t miannu "Here we describe how a RING finger protein, Triad3A, acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and enhances ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation of some TLRs. Triad3A overexpression promoted substantial degradation of TLR4 and TLR9 with a concomitant decrease in signaling, but did not affect TLR2 expression or signaling. " SIGNOR-271505 TOMM7 protein Q9P0U1 UNIPROT "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18331822 t lperfetto "The fungal preprotein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex) comprises import receptors Tom70, Tom20, and Tom22, import channel Tom40, and small Tom proteins Tom5, Tom6, and Tom7, which regulate TOM complex assembly. These components are conserved in mammals; unlike the other components, however, Tom5 and Tom6 remain unidentified in mammals. We immuno-isolated the TOM complex from HeLa cells expressing hTom22-FLAG and identified the human counterparts of Tom5 and Tom6, together with the other components including Tom7. These small Tom proteins are associated with Tom40 in the TOM complex." SIGNOR-267680 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-34657 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 15342917 t lperfetto "The mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-activated kinase, p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) 1, was found to interact with and phosphorylate tuberin at a regulatory site, ser-1798, located at the evolutionarily conserved c terminus of tuberin. Rsk1 phosphorylation of ser-1798 inhibits the tumor suppressor function of the tuberin/hamartin complex, resulting in increased mtor signaling to s6k1" SIGNOR-217900 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT TRIM24 protein O15164 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations." SIGNOR-272825 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 20640476 t lperfetto "The decreased glycogen synthesis rates upon acute AMPK activation are generally coupled to an increase in the glycolytic flux, thanks to the activation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2) through direct phosphorylation on Ser466 [35]. PFK-2 catalyzes the synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, a potent stimulator of glycolysis. Therefore, activation of AMPK rapidly mobilizes glucose into ATP-generating processes." SIGNOR-209947 miR-29b mirna URS0000150A7D_9606 RNAcentral TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 18568019 t miannu "In leukaemic cell lines PLZF overexpression downmodulated miR-146a and upregulated CXCR4 protein, whereas PLZF knockdown induced the opposite effects. Our data indicate that megakaryopoiesis is controlled by a cascade pathway, in which PLZF suppresses miR-146a transcription and thereby activates CXCR4 translation." SIGNOR-256310 PABPC4 protein Q13310 UNIPROT NFX1 protein Q12986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000008 17267499 t Simone "We identifiednew protein partners of NFX1-123, including several cytoplasmic poly(A) binding proteins (PABPCs) thatinteracted with NFX1-123 through its N-terminal PAM2 motif. Central to our findings were our observations that PABPCs copurify with NFX1-123, that a PAM2 motif is present in NFX1, and this motif and the PABPCs are important in the enhancement of hTERT activity by NFX1-123." SIGNOR-261051 TXNL4A protein P83876 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270638 DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165 17960593 t miannu "P68 (ddx5) interacts with runx2 and regulates osteoblast differentiation. / p68 is a novel co-activator for runx2" SIGNOR-236974 RAB23 protein Q9ULC3 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16364285 f gcesareni "Based on su(fu) function, we predict that rab23 can interact with all gli1 molecules including gli1, gli2 and gli3, and inhibit their transcriptional activities and nuclear localization." SIGNOR-143160 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 7888666 t apalma "We found that IL-5 induced two GAS-binding proteins in the nuclear extract from eosinophils. One of them was identified as STAT1 (p91)." SIGNOR-255071 L-tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:16828 ChEBI 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:17780 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "In serotonergic neurons Trp serves as the precursor for 5-HT. The 5-HT metabolic pathway is initiated by Trp being hydroxylated to the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to become 5-HT|Thus, the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of 5-HT is the hydroxylation of Trp which is catalyzed by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) (Figure 1). This enzyme is specific for 5-HT producing cells, however, it is present in two different isoforms, TPH1 and TPH2 [reviewed in (22, 23)]." SIGNOR-264185 "sedoheptulose 7-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:15721 ChEBI "D-erythrose 4-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:16897 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19401148 t miannu "Transaldolase (TAL, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone transferase; EC number 2.2.1.2) is a cofactor-less enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig. 1A and B). It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a three carbon unit (“dihydroxyacetone”) between various sugar phosphates (from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in length). Physiological donor compounds are ketose sugar phosphates as fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Acceptor compounds are aldose sugar phosphates as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate." SIGNOR-268135 vildagliptin chemical CHEBI:135285 ChEBI DPP4 protein P27487 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 19149538 t Luana "Various classes of structurally different DPP IV inhibitors are currently being explored and few of them such as Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin were successfully launched." SIGNOR-257812 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser554 PDSEASQsPQYSFES 9606 11110801 t llicata "In vitro phosphorylation of pr with cdk2 has revealed five additional in vitro cdk2 phosphorylation sites: ser(25), ser(213), thr(430), ser(554), and ser(676)." SIGNOR-84992 GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT SLC9A3R1 protein O14745 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser290 PALVRSAsSDTSEEL 9606 10446210 t "GRK6A phosphorylates NHERF on Ser289, the primary site of constitutive phosphorylation of NHERF in HEK-293 cells. The interaction of NHERF and NHE3 is mediated by the region of NHERF encompassing the second PDZ domain and the tail (25), and it is therefore reasonable that phosphorylation of the serine-rich stretch in the center of this region (including Ser289) might affect the physical interaction of NHERF with NHE3." SIGNOR-251214 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2280 LSPSKSerPAKLN -1 26051540 t irozzo "Cdk1 phosphorylates conserved sites within RanBP2 and activates BicD2 binding and early dynein recruitment." SIGNOR-259121 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272826 ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256841 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser317 ENVKYSSsQPEPRTG 9606 15775976 t gcesareni "Atr activation typically leads to chk1 phosphorylation and activation. In response to genotoxic stress, chk1 is phosphorylated on serines 317 (s317) and 345 (s345) by the ataxia-telangiectasia-related (atr) protein kinase." SIGNOR-134712 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 EPDHYRYsDTTDSDP 9606 21779440 t gcesareni "The C-terminal tail of PTEN is also the target of mutations in tumors. As mentioned, this region contains the main phosphorylation sites mapped to residues Ser362, Thr366, Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, and the kinases involved are casein kinase 2 (CK2), GSK3_, LKB1, and MAST.84,97-101 The phosphorylation of the tail has been shown to enhance PTEN stability but at the same time decrease its phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-161118 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 15175328 t miannu "Taken together, these data suggest that Traf2 may be the E3 ubiquitin ligase that initiates TNF-α signaling, potentially by ubiquitinating Rip1. In the absence of Traf2, TNF-alpha-induced ubiquitination of Rip1 is impaired, suggesting that Traf2 may be the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for the TNF-alpha-dependent, ubiquitination of Rip1. Finally, recruitment of the ubiquitinated Tak1 complex is dependent on the presence of Rip1, suggesting that Rip1 ubiquitination rather than its phosphorylation is critical in signaling." SIGNOR-271423 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr387 TMKRRDEtMQPAKPS 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "Full activation of mst1 requires an activation cleavage that is prevented by the phosphorylation of thr-387 by akt." SIGNOR-201129 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser370 TSVTPDVsDNEPDHY 9606 20940307 t gcesareni "Plk3 phosphorylates pten on thr-366 and ser-370. Plk3-mediated phosphorylation facilitates pten stabilization, thereby negatively regulating the pi3k/pdk1/akt1 signaling axis" SIGNOR-168469 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 15044535 f gcesareni "These results indicate that nf-kb actions occur upstream of p53 to regulate both p53 levels and activity." SIGNOR-123602 MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000793;BTO:0002104 7923112 f miannu "Decreased expression of the N-myc oncogene in neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-C, following treatment with retinoic acid, was paralleled by down-regulation of MRP gene expression, contrasting with increased expression of the MDR1 gene." SIGNOR-254616 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser722 PRLRSVSsYGNIRAV 10090 SIGNOR-C3 18439900 t lperfetto "These results suggest that AMPK activation can induce phosphorylation of both serine 722 and serine 792.|Raptor phosphorylation is required for inhibition of mTORC1 by AMPK" SIGNOR-263045 GTF2H2 protein Q13888 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269311 ELOVL proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF93 SIGNOR 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267902 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT EIF4ENIF1 protein Q9NRA8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser301 DAVLPEQsPGDFDFN 9606 22966201 t llicata "Identification of 4e-t phosphorylation sites regulated by jnk. identification of these residues as phosphorylation sites (ser301, ser374, ser513, ser587, ser693, and ser752) was obtained by ms/ms sequencing, these results demonstrate that jnk activity is required to stimulate the assembly of pbs in response to oxidative stress." SIGNOR-198984 afimoxifene chemical CHEBI:44616 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258595 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser24 GYLRKPKsMHKRFFV 9606 15849359 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ser24 in the pleckstrin homology domain of insulin receptor substrate-1 by mouse pelle-like kinase/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase| irs-1 mutants s24d or s24e (mimicking phosphorylation at ser(24)) had impaired ability to associate with insulin receptors resulting in diminished tyrosine phosphorylation of irs-1 and impaired ability of irs-1 to bind and activate pi-3 kinase in response to insulin." SIGNOR-135688 DOCK6 protein Q96HP0 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 23462102 t lperfetto "Dock6 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates the Rho family guanosine triphosphatases Rac1 and Cdc42 to regulate the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-275671 RSPO3 protein Q9BXY4 UNIPROT SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21397842 t gcesareni "Here, we show that rspo3 binds syndecan 4 (sdc4) and that together they activate wnt/pcp signaling." SIGNOR-172756 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 SGFVQSDsKRESVCN 23195996 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of MBD4 promotes 5-meC glycosylase activity Further evidence emerged to support the involvement of MBD4 in active demethylation. Protein-kinase C phosphorylation of MBD4 at two specific serine residues (165 and 262) following parathyroid hormone stimulation was shown to promote demethylation within the CYP27B1 gene promoter [12]" SIGNOR-275672 Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine chemical CID:94880 PUBCHEM KCNN3 protein Q9UGI6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258024 SRGAP2 protein O75044 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260517 SPAG9 protein O60271 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 BTO:0000222 SIGNOR-C21 19470755 t lperfetto "We report that abl associates with both cdo and jlp during myoblast differentiation" SIGNOR-185765 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT TSG101 protein Q99816 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17229889 t miannu "These data suggest that Tal mediates polyubiquitylation of the lysine residues in the VPS28-binding region of TSG101, leading to subsequent degradation of TSG101." SIGNOR-271636 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264745 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s." SIGNOR-272752 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 YLEMDLSsPQTRYIP 9606 BTO:0000149 SIGNOR-C17 20937773 t lperfetto "In this study, we demonstrate that procaspase-8 is phosphorylated in mitotic cells by cdk1na interference-mediated silencing of cyclin b1 or treatment with the cdk1 inhibitor ro-3306 enhances the fas-mediated activation and processing of procaspase-8 in mitotic cells/cyclin b1 on ser-387" SIGNOR-168446 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asp317 VSGISLLdNSNASVW 9606 BTO:0000567 11815631 t Giulio "Together, our results strongly suggest GRASP65 is a specific substrate for caspase-3.|This suggests that GRASP65 cleavage is required for fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon during apoptosis.| we analyzed the sequence in this region and identified three potential cleavage sites as SLLD320S, SFPD375S, and TLPD393G|mutation of all three aspartic acid residues completely blocked cleavage" SIGNOR-260602 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT PTBP1 protein P26599 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20010808 t "We also demonstrate that the oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc upregulates transcription of PTB, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2," SIGNOR-268689 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser210 YGKTQHSsLDQSSPP 9606 17179159 t lperfetto "These results demonstrate that camkiideltab preferentially targets hdac4, and this involves serine 210overexpression of camkiideltab in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes increases the activity of the mef2 transcription factor and completely rescues hdac4-mediated repression of mef2" SIGNOR-151418 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP2 protein Q13542 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "Here, we show that cancer cells acquire resistance to astori by downregulating eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bps-eif4ebp1, eif4ebp2)." SIGNOR-122014 S100A8 protein P05109 UNIPROT TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 28137827 t miannu "Interestingly, in the present study, we report that extracellular S100A9 induces terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells in human and murine AMLs after TLR4 activation, which is highly expressed by primary myelomonocytic and monocytic leukemia cells. In contrast, anti-S100A8 induced the differentiation of AML cells, suggesting that the differentiation-promoting effect of S100A9 is inhibited by S100A8. ) S100A8 could bind to TLR4 and activate different signaling pathways, leading to the inhibition of cellular differentiation induced by S100A9." SIGNOR-261921 "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000725 23645839 f apalma "Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 1 of the major metabolites downstream of both COX-1 and COX-2, has been shown to activate β-catenin–dependent signaling in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and promote HSC expansion" SIGNOR-255685 VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0004980 14704231 t gcesareni "Vegf exerts its action by binding to vegfr-1 and vegfr-2." SIGNOR-121132 MAP3K10 protein Q02779 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser379 AGAPGALsPSYDGGL 9606 19801649 t llicata "Mlk2 inhibits e47 transactivation activity on the trkb promote" SIGNOR-161540 SLC24A5 protein Q71RS6 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264403 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RGS19 protein P49795 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser24 ADRPPSMsSHDTASP -1 10760275 t llicata "Phosphorylation was Mn(2+)-dependent, using both purified CK2 and CCVs. Ser-24 was identified as one of the phosphorylation sites. Our results establish that GAIP is phosphorylated and that only the membrane pool is phosphorylated, suggesting that GAIP can be regulated by phosphorylation events taking place at the level of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles." SIGNOR-250943 NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0004168;BTO:0003227 31113871 f lperfetto "We found that the protein levels of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) were increased in NPTX1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 and MHCC-97h cells relative to control cells. In contrast, decreased levels of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were found in NPTX1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 and MHCC-97h cells relative to control" SIGNOR-260411 pictrelisib chemical CHEBI:65326 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000149 21876152 t gcesareni "Currently, several pi3k inhibitors, including gdc0941 (genentech) and bez235 (novartis pharmaceuticals), have entered phase i clinical trials, and in addition, isoform-specific compounds are being developed" SIGNOR-176301 HIPK1 protein Q86Z02 UNIPROT PAGE4 protein O60829 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr51 PGQEREGtPPIEERK 9606 24559171 t Manara "Here, we have identified homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1), also a component of the stress-response pathway, as a kinase that phosphorylates PAGE4 at T51 | We show that phosphorylation of PAGE4 is critical for its transcriptional activity since mutating this T residue abolishes its ability to potentiate c-Jun transactivation." SIGNOR-260929 GLUD2 protein P49448 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9913 11254391 t miannu "Glutamate dehydrogenase is found in all organisms and catalyses the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate." SIGNOR-268558 yohimbine chemical CHEBI:10093 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258682 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT HOXC6 protein P09630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8890171 t miannu "We show that HMG1 interacts with proteins encoded by the HOX gene family by establishing protein-protein contacts between the HMG box domains and the HOX homeodomain. The functional role of these interactions was studied using the transcriptional activity of the human HOXD9 protein as a model. HMG1 enhances, in a dose-dependent fashion, the sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro, and the transcriptional activation in a co-transfection assay in vivo, of the HOXD9 protein." SIGNOR-219937 DACT1 protein Q9NYF0 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16446366 t gcesareni "Dapper 1 antagonizes wnt signaling by promoting dishevelled degradation" SIGNOR-144053 KLHL17 protein Q6TDP4 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 17062563 t miannu "Here, we report that actinfilin is able to bind to GluR6, a kainate-type glutamate receptor subunit, and target GluR6 for degradation. Like many members of its protein family, actinfilin acts as a substrate adaptor, binding Cullin 3 (Cul3) and linking GluR6 to the E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex. Together our data demonstrate that actinfilin acts as a scaffold, linking GluR6 to the Cul3 ubiquitin ligase to provide a novel mechanism for kainate receptor degradation." SIGNOR-271613 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23042785 t irozzo "Here, we show that Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1), a developmental master regulator that can also act as a tumour suppressor or oncoprotein, transcriptionally regulates the de novo DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and that cellular WT1 levels can influence DNA methylation of gene promoters genome-wide. we demonstrate that depletion of WT1 by short-interfering RNAs leads to reduced DNMT3A in Wilms' tumour cells and human embryonal kidney-derived cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate WT1 recruitment to the DNMT3A promoter region and reporter assays confirm that WT1 directly transactivates DNMT3A expression." SIGNOR-255904 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SUPT5H protein O00267 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr814 PLHDGSRtPAQSGAW 9606 16427012 t lperfetto "We describe an evolutionarily conserved repetitive heptapeptide motif (consensus = g-s-r/q-t-p) in the c-terminal region (ctr) of hspt5, which, like the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rna pol ii, is highly phosphorylated by p-tefb. Thr-4 residues of the ctr repeats are functionally important phosphorylation sites. In vitro, thr-4 phosphorylation is critical for the elongation activation activity of dsif" SIGNOR-143943 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29161 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269558 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253445 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner./lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k." SIGNOR-175207 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9482736 t gcesareni "Posh activates jnk1 in cos-1 cells." SIGNOR-55759 SLC9A8 protein Q9Y2E8 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265607 Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266482 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr235 QARKRKRtSIENRVR 9606 BTO:0004180 23041284 t flangone "Here we show that in ECCs, Akt phosphorylated the master pluripotency factor Oct4 at threonine 235, and that the levels of phosphorylated Oct4 in ECCs correlated with resistance to apoptosis and tumorigenic potential. Phosphorylation of Oct4 increased its stability and facilitated its nuclear localization and its interaction with Sox2, which promoted the transcription of the core stemness genes POU5F1 and NANOG." SIGNOR-242097 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT Lipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH30 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 15589694 f lperfetto "In vivo studies using transgenic and knockout mice suggest that SREBP-1c is involved in FA synthesis and insulin induced glucose metabolism (particularly in lipogenesis)," SIGNOR-228614 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1196 GAVENPEyLTPQGGA 9606 BTO:0000150 15156151 t gcesareni "Stimulation of these molecules, however, failed to induce efficient cell migration in the absence of neu/erbb2 phosphorylation at tyr 1201 or tyr 1227" SIGNOR-124856 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1924 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203596 LRAT protein O95237 UNIPROT "all-trans-retinyl ester" smallmolecule CHEBI:63410 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10090 18093970 t lperfetto "We investigated the role of retinyl ester formation catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in regulating retinoid homeostasis during embryogenesis" SIGNOR-265111 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT APLP2 protein Q06481 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr723 LRKRQYGtISHGIVE -1 9109675 t lperfetto "We report here that a cytoplasmic domain peptide from APLP1 is phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C and that a cytoplasmic domain peptide from APLP2 is phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C and cdc2 kinase." SIGNOR-248970 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27858941 f miannu "DAB2IP suppresses transcription of stem cell factor receptor CD117, by interacting with GATA-1 on a silencer element on its gene" SIGNOR-254769 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1 " SIGNOR-271629 RPL5 protein P46777 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 25301064 t miannu "We report that rpl5 and rpl11 can also enhance the transcriptional activity of a p53 homolog tap73" SIGNOR-205517 BTG2 protein P78543 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 22493435 f miannu "BTG2 was found to up-regulate expression of antioxidant enzymes known to be regulated by NFE2L2, including catalase, SOD1, and SOD2" SIGNOR-254650 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10634209 t lperfetto "TNF-induced apoptosis is mediated primarily through the activation of type I receptors" SIGNOR-226676 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 18423396 t lperfetto "Akt1/PKBalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-252350 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT UTRN protein P46939 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1258 TLEERMKsTEVLPEK 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 19945424 t lperfetto "Par-1b, interacts with the utrophin-dg complex, and positively regulates the interaction between utrophin and dg. Ser1258 within r9 is specifically phosphorylated by par-1b." SIGNOR-161915 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1105 CSEVERTyLKTKSSS -1 10195142 t lperfetto "To gain further insight into the roles of Src and Fyn in the phosphorylation and regulation of the NMDA receptor, we have characterized the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src and FynIn the case of NR2A, three potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been proposed: Tyr1105, Tyr1267 and Tyr1387 (Zheng et al. 1998; Bi et al. 2000), all of which are similarly located in the C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-247151 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser821 ARDIKNDsNYVVKGN 9823 7539802 t lperfetto "We present here the identification of the major phosphorylation sites for PKC in Kit/SCFR. Two serine residues in the kinase insert, Ser-741 and Ser-746, are PKC-dependent phosphorylation sites in vivo and account for all phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Two additional serine residues, Ser-821 close to the major tyrosine autophosphorylation site in the kinase domain and Ser-959 in the carboxyl terminus are SCF-stimulated PKC-dependent phosphorylation sites. | Furthermore, the kinase activity of Kit/SCFR(S741A/S746A) toward an exogenous substrate was increased, which was reflected as a decreased Km and an increased Vmax, in accordance with the negative regulatory role of PKC on Kit/SCFR signaling." SIGNOR-248897 arginine smallmolecule CHEBI:29016 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264756 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254727 FBXO21 protein O94952 UNIPROT EID1 protein Q9Y6B2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26085330 t miannu "SCFFBXO21 ubiquitylates and thereby targets EID1 for degradation.We have now applied this approach to an uncharacterized human F-box protein, FBXO21, which serves as the substrate-recognition subunit of a SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein (SCF)-type E3, thereby identifying EID1 (EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1) as a candidate substrate.Over-expression of FBXO21 resulted in the down-regulation of EID1, whereas disruption of the FBXO21 gene with the CRISPR/Cas9 system stabilized EID1 and led to its accumulation in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. An in vitro ubiquitylation assay showed that EID1 is a direct substrate of SCF(FBXO)" SIGNOR-272429 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 7538655 f gcesareni "The overlapping and distinct protein tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the same jak1 kinase in t lymphocytes strongly suggests that il-4 and il-9 share the common signal transduction pathways." SIGNOR-28399 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT NPHS1 protein O60500 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10116 21982880 f miannu "Ang II-receiving rats displayed diminished phosphorylation of nephrin but enhanced glomerular/podocyte injury and proteinuria when compared to control rats. These findings indicate that Ang II induces nephrin dephosphorylation and podocyte injury through a caveolin-1-dependent mechanism." SIGNOR-253342 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CHRNA7 protein P36544 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr442 KILEEVRyIANRFRC 9606 BTO:0000938 16251431 t lperfetto "Alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are negatively regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and src-family kinasesmutant alpha7 nachrs lacking cytoplasmic loop tyrosine residues because of alanine replacement of tyr-386 and tyr-442 were more active than wild-type receptorsexpression of active src reduced _7 nachr activity" SIGNOR-141311 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr334 DSTQTSDtATNSTLP -1 7836371 t "Phosphorylation of the FPR carboxyl terminus by GRK2 is the result of a high affinity interaction and proceeds in a hierarchical manner. sequential mechanism of phosphorylation beginning with residues 328 and/or 329, followed by residues 331 and/or 332, and finally residues 334 through 339. Attenuation of receptor-mediated signal amplification in response to external stimuli, an essential step in the balance of cellular activation, may be mediated by receptor phosphorylation." SIGNOR-251451 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TNS3 protein Q68CZ2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1206 SHSFRGAyGLAMKVA 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 19732724 t llicata "Tyrosines in the sh2 domain contribute to the biological activity of tensin-3, and phosphorylation of these tyrosines can regulate ligand binding. tensin-3 is a src substrate" SIGNOR-187847 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser343 KSDCQPNsPTESCSS 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 9649500 t gcesareni "Here we show that antigen receptor activation leads to bcl-6 phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). Phosphorylation, in turn, targets bcl-6 for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-58485 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF169 protein Q8NCN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271202 ZMYND11 protein Q15326 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding methylation:Lys38 PSTGGVKkPHRYRPG 24675531 t miannu "We found that full-length BS69 specifically interacted with H3K36me3 in native nucleosome co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments. We propose that BS69 specifically associates with H3K36me3-enriched chromatin through the PWWP domain, which facilitates the recruitment of MYND-bound transcription and chromatin remodeling factors including EZH2, HDAC1, Brg1 and E2F6 to target gene loci, thereby repressing target gene transcription." SIGNOR-263897 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr368 SEHAQDTyLVLDKWL 12441334 t "JAK2 in turn phosphorylates several tyrosine residues on the EpoR-cytosolic domain and probably on JAK2 itself that serve as docking sites for SH2 or protein tyrosine binding domains of downstream signal transduction proteins such as STAT5, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, and tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2" SIGNOR-251348 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser280 AKRPRVTsGGVSESP 9606 15107605 t gcesareni "The chk1 protein phosphorylated by pkb on serine 280 does not enter into protein complexes after replication arrest. Moreover, chk1 phosphorylated by pkb fails to undergo activating phosphorylation on serine 345 by atm/atr. Phosphorylation by atm/atr and association with other checkpoint proteins are essential steps in activation of chk1." SIGNOR-124365 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f "inferred from family member" scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5‚Äô-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-y." SIGNOR-270238 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 SHGSSACsQPHGSVT 9606 BTO:0000007 10973490 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of chk2 are ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (atm) dependent in response to ir" SIGNOR-81391 "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257703 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1766 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248778 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 17341133 t lperfetto "Arkadia represses the expression of myoblast differentiation markers through degradation of ski and the ski-bound smad complex in c2c12 myoblasts. Arkadia bound smad2/3 via ski to induce the ubiquitination of smad2/3. These results suggest that arkadia targets ski-bound, inactive phospho-smad2/3 to regulate positively myostatin/tgf-beta signaling." SIGNOR-235388 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0005065 17673906 t lperfetto "TGF-beta-induced ShcA phosphorylation induces ShcA association with Grb2 and Sos, thereby initiating the well-characterised pathway linking receptor tyrosine kinases with Erk MAP kinases." SIGNOR-236363 TSLP protein Q969D9 UNIPROT CRLF2 protein Q9HC73 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000876 11418668 t gcesareni "Human tslp is proposed to signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex that consists of a new member of the hemopoietin family termed human tslp receptor and the il-7r alpha-chain." SIGNOR-108920 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269600 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser170 ESLDWDSsLVKTFKL 9606 19468302 t llicata "Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of a purified hscyk-4 fragment (hscyk-4n) phosphorylated by plk1 in vitro identified four major sites (s157, s170, s214, and s260 plk1 phosphorylation of hscyk-4 localizes ect2 at the midzone and stimulates rhoa-dependent contractile ring assembly at the equatorial cortex." SIGNOR-185750 MBTPS1 protein Q14703 UNIPROT SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 10029 BTO:0000246 10644685 t "We present evidence that SKI-1 processes peptides mimicking the cleavage sites of the SKI-1 prosegment, pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the sterol regulatory element-binding protein SREBP-2" SIGNOR-267496 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr17 AEIGVGAyGTVYKAR 9606 BTO:0000007 23429262 t lperfetto "Invalidation of CDK4 has no impact by itself on the cell proliferation, but invalidation of CDC25A prevents the dephosphorylation of CDK6 (Y24) and CDK4 (Y17) residues, and impedes their association with CCNDs." SIGNOR-267568 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8612133 t lperfetto "We show that tradd interacts strongly with rip;rip is a serinethreonine kinase that is recruited by tradd to tnfr1 in a tnf-dependent process." SIGNOR-40043 MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT Necroptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH174 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 24316671 t gianni "Here, we report that MLKL forms a homotrimer through its amino-terminal coiled-coil domain and locates to the cell plasma membrane during TNF-induced necroptosis. By generating different MLKL mutants, we demonstrated that the plasma membrane localization of trimerized MLKL is critical for mediating necroptosis. Importantly, we found that the membrane localization of MLKL is essential for Ca(2+) influx, which is an early event of TNF-induced necroptosis." SIGNOR-266431 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp546 ALQTDIVdLQRSPMG 9606 11741536 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase (ikk) beta was specifically proteolyzed by caspase-3-related caspases at aspartic acid residues 78, 242, 373, and 546 during tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-256435 EIF2AK1 protein Q9BQI3 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19946423 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Translation of α- and β-globin is tightly controlled by eIF2 and downregulated by HRI." SIGNOR-251780 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16061479 t miannu "Polycomb protein Pc2 acts as an SUMO E3 ligase for SIP1. SIP1 is an active transcription repressor for many transcription factors and target genes. SIP1 Sumoylation Disrupts the Recruitment of the Corepressor CtBP" SIGNOR-225484 ELF4 protein Q99607 UNIPROT ELF4/RUNX1 complex SIGNOR-C47 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 10207087 t miannu "We readily detected an in vivo physical interaction between mef and aml1 proteins in kasumi-1 cells/ coexpression of mef and aml1b synergistically activates promoter function" SIGNOR-66960 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f irozzo "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions. We found that MLL-BP and the 3 MLL fusion proteins all decreased RUNX1 levels, and MLL-eleven nineteen leukemia (ENL) caused a greater decrease in RUNX1 compared with MLL-AF9 and MLL-AF4 fusion proteins." SIGNOR-255853 MRPL23 protein Q16540 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262370 RAB6A protein P20340 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 20360680 f miannu "We show that BICDR-1 interacts with the dynein/dynactin motor complex, binds to kinesin-3 motor protein Kif1C and controls the pericentrosomal localization of Rab6-positive secretory vesicles." SIGNOR-266880 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CLTB protein P09497 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 DFGFFSSsESGAPEA -1 3128543 t llicata "To date, the only evidence for a functional distinction of LCa and LCb is the preferential phosphorylation of LCb, which takes place at serine residues and is mediated by coated vesicle-associated casein kinase II. As a first step toward determining the function of light chain diversity, we have mapped the in vitro phosphorylation sites on LCb. We use [32P]ATP to phosphorylate LCb within coated vesicles, followed by sequencing of 32P-labeled chymotryptic peptides thereof, to identify serine residues at positions 11 and 13 as the phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-250842 T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0002417 32454942 f miannu "interferon gamma- (IFNγ-) and interleukin-17- (IL-17-) secreting CD4+ T cells are believed to be the pathogenic initiators of MS [22], and in MS patients, the increased production of either IFNγ or IL-17 is associated with pathology" SIGNOR-263819 TAF4 protein O00268 UNIPROT ATF7 protein P17544 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 15735663 t miannu "These results not only demonstrate an interaction between ATF7 and TAF4 but also indicate, as in the case of TAF12 (see Figure 3e), that no additional cellular component is required for this binding. They also suggest that TAF4 may interfere with the formation of ATF7–TAF12 subcomplexes, thereby inhibiting ATF7-induced transactivation." SIGNOR-225300 LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 18632848 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of lrp6 generates a docking site for axin and recruits it to the plasma membrane, where axin is inactivated and/or targeted for degradation by an unknown mechanism." SIGNOR-227939 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 10433919 t lperfetto "Regulation of Gli2 and Gli3 activities by an amino-terminal repression domain: implication of Gli2 and Gli3 as primary mediators of Shh signaling" SIGNOR-129068 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FCGR2C protein P31995 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr294 YETADGGyMTLNPRA -1 8756631 t miannu "Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of FcgRIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addition to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262677 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29177 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269493 NPFFR1 protein Q9GZQ6 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257103 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19114990 t lperfetto "in immunoprecipitation esperiments, the TGF _ RII receptor was found to be constitutively associated with p85, the regulatory subunity of PI3K" SIGNOR-217830 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258004 CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19282672 t Giulio "We show here that inhibition of CDK5RAP2 expression causes chromosome mis-segregation, fails to maintain the spindle checkpoint, and is associated with reduced expression of the spindle checkpoint proteins BUBR1 and MAD2 and an increase in chromatin-associated CDC20.|We found that the APC activator CDC20, but not others we exam-ined, was present in the CDK5RAP2 immunocomplex in HeLa cell extracts (Fig. 3A). CDK5RAP2 was detected in the CDC20 immunocomplex as well (Fig. 3B)." SIGNOR-260311 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT PPAT protein Q06203 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22789539 f miannu "We identified six genes involved in the PPP and NADPH production pathways as direct targets of Nrf2. To identify the target genes of NRF2 responsible for cell proliferation, we performed microarray analysis in A549 cells treated with NRF2 siRNA or control siRNA. We used three independent NRF2 siRNAs and selected genes whose expression levels were reduced to less than 66.7% of that of the control sample by all three siRNAs to minimize off-target effects (Table S1). In addition to the typical target genes of NRF2 encoding detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins (cytoprotective genes), genes whose products are involved in the PPP (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [PGD], transketolase [TKT], and transaldolase 1 [TALDO1]) and de novo nucleotide synthesis (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase [PPAT] and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 [MTHFD2]) were decreased by the NRF2 knockdown (Figure 1B). Genes encoding enzymes for NADPH synthesis (malic enzyme 1 [ME1] and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 [IDH1]) were also decreased (Figure 1B). We also confirmed the reduction of the enzyme proteins encoded by these genes in the NRF2-knockdown cells (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-267358 APEX1 protein P27695 UNIPROT TG protein P01266 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9813166 t lperfetto "In co-transfection experiments, Ref-1 increases the Pax-8 activating effect on thyroglobulin promoter." SIGNOR-271694 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2C protein O00762 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271322 JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10551863 t "Binding Calcium-dependent." gcesareni "Here we report the first x-ray structure of a functional fragment of a notch ligand, the dsl-egf3 domains of human jagged-1 (j-1dsl-egf3). The structure identifies a highly conserved face of the dsl domain and we show, by functional analysis of drosophila ligand mutants, that this surface is required for both cis- and trans-regulatory interactions with notch." SIGNOR-269936 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271569 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT SFTPB protein P07988 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12161428 f miannu "A homeodomain and a forkhead transcription factor, NKX2.1 and HNF-3, respectively, are known activators of Sp-B transcription" SIGNOR-254181 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23630338 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." gcesareni "C1a domain is critical for the dag-induced activation of pkcalfa.Furthermore, calcium and diacylglycerol activate protein kinase c, resulting in the phosphorylation of a large variety of substrates." SIGNOR-202007 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser164 FGHSAAVsPTFMPRS 9606 12050114 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro. Erk catalyzes the phosphorylation more efficiently than jnk" SIGNOR-88736 Dinaciclib chemical CID:46926350 PUBCHEM CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191328 N protein P59595 UNIPROT EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18448518 t lperfetto "The nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus inhibits cell cytokinesis and proliferation by interacting with translation elongation factor 1alpha" SIGNOR-260260 PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT FCER2 protein P06734 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11342629 f "In this study, we report that PRDI-BF1/Blimp1 can bind to the same functional element in the human CD23b promoter to which BCL-6 and IRF-4 had previously been shown to bind, and that, like BCL-6, Blimp1 can repress IRF-4-transactivating ability" SIGNOR-253926 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PLAT protein P00750 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001282 8647095 f lperfetto "We suggest that the mechanism for the transcriptional down-regulation of t-PA by PMA in HT-1080 cells requires CREB-1 binding to the t-PACRE while ATF-2, by associating with the same site, plays a role in PMA-mediated induction of t-PA in HeLa cells." SIGNOR-253732 miR-130a mirna URS000039E12D_9606 RNAcentral PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 24057258 t miannu "MiR-142-3p downregulated MLL-AF4 expression in the RS4;11 leukemic cell line. the downregulation of MLL-AF4 by ectopically expressed miR-142-3p reduced the expression of MLL-AF4 downstream target genes, including HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA10, which may contribute to miR-142-3p-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition." SIGNOR-255760 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0002181 14982881 f "We report here that the Flt3-ITD interferes with the transcriptional and biologic action of the PLZF transcriptional repressor. In the presence of Flt3-ITD, PLZF-SMRT interaction was reduced, transcriptional repression by PLZF was inhibited, and PLZF-mediated growth suppression of leukemia cells was partially blocked. Furthermore, overexpression of Flt3-ITD led to a partial relocalization of SMRT protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-261537 ropinirole chemical CHEBI:8888 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9057850 t miannu "Compound (R)-6, the most active compound, showed dopaminergic D2 activity and also had affinity for the 5HT1A serotonin receptor subtype. Its dopaminergic activity was more selective for the D2 receptor subtype (259-fold D2/D3 selectivity) than propylamine analogue (R)-2 (14-fold selectivity) or other dopaminergic standards (e.g., pergolide, lisuride, bromocriptine, and ropinirole, 1.0-, 3.4-, 8.7-, and 2.6-fold selectivities, respectively)" SIGNOR-258601 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser555 RALSNSVsNMGLSES 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252882 SRP54 protein P61011 UNIPROT SRSF2 protein Q01130 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8816452 t Monia "We have now demonstrated that p54 interacts not only with SC35 and ASF/SF2 but also with U2AF. Pairwise interactions between p54 and other RS domain-containing spliceosomal proteins in comparison with SC35 and ASF/SF2 as detected by the yeast two-hybrid interaction assay. . It is conceivable that p54 can mediate 59 and 39 splice site interaction by interacting directly with U2AF65 associated with the 39 splice site and at the same time interact with other SR proteins, such as ASF/SF2 and SC35, which in turn interact with U1-70K. In this scenario, p54 is different from SC35 or ASF/SF2 in that it cannot directly interact with the 59 component (U1-70K) but can interact with the protein associated with the 39 splice site (U2AF65)." SIGNOR-261160 AIMP1 protein Q12904 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18448069 t lperfetto "Here, we report that AIMP1 negatively regulates TGF-_ signaling via stabilization of Smurf2." SIGNOR-227470 MAPK8IP2 protein Q13387 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9733513 t gcesareni "Thus, both jip1 and jip2 selectively bind the mapkk isoform mkk7." SIGNOR-59944 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1787 SPNYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269367 Quadazocine chemical CID:115077 PUBCHEM OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258418 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BANP protein Q8N9N5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr352 PSEPMMStPPPASEL 9606 BTO:0000567 26080397 t miannu "ERK-MAPK pathway that regulates alternative splicing facilitates ERK-1/2-mediated phosphorylation of SMAR1 at threonines 345 and 360 and localizes SMAR1 to the cytoplasm, preventing its interaction with Sam68." SIGNOR-266204 N-[[3-fluoro-4-[[2-(1-methyl-4-imidazolyl)-7-thieno[3,2-b]pyridinyl]oxy]anilino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-phenylacetamide chemical CHEBI:91393 ChEBI MST1R protein Q04912 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194346 CXCL12 protein P48061 UNIPROT ACKR3 protein P25106 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 16107333 t gcesareni "Here we show that cxcl12, the only known natural ligand for cxcr4, binds to and signals through rdc1." SIGNOR-139709 ASIP protein P42127 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000847 14500544 t miannu "The antagonist agouti signal protein (ASP) interacts with the Mc1r and blocks its stimulation by MSH." SIGNOR-252378 KNTC1 protein P50748 UNIPROT "RZZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C357 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20462495 t lperfetto "The RZZ complex recruits dynein to kinetochores. We investigated structure, topology, and interactions of the RZZ subunits (ROD, ZWILCH, and ZW10) in vitro, in vivo, and in silico." SIGNOR-265015 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257963 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257983 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268896 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001286 17254968 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "We show that prak activates p53 by direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-270126 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000671 12807881 f miannu "We found rfp-mediated activation of both exogenous and endogenous forms of the other stress-activated mapk, p38." SIGNOR-102022 "AIM2 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C222 SIGNOR Pyroptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH105 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30166988 f miannu "Once activated by a ligand, inflammasomes lead to the activation of a caspase. Activated caspases allow the release of mature forms of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and trigger a specific pro-inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Accumulating data suggest that inflammasomes, mainly NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2, are involved in the generation of tissue damage and immune dysfunction after trauma." SIGNOR-263123 MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 16815997 f gcesareni "In the absence of wnt, macf1 associated with a complex that contained axin, betBeta-catenin, gsk3beta, and apc. Upon wnt stimulation, macf1 appeared to be involved in the translocation and subsequent binding of the axin complex to lrp6 at the cell membrane. Macf1 is involved in the translocation of the complex containing axin, Beta-catenin, and gsk3_ but not apc from the cytosol to the cell membrane, where axin and macf1 bind to lrp-5/6. Subsequently, gsk3_ is inactivated by phosphorylation, axin is degraded, and Beta-catenin is released and enters the nucleus, where it can activate the wnt-responsive genes." SIGNOR-147451 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr500 TSLGSQSyEDMRGIL 9606 10933394 t llicata "Experiments with purified proteins demonstrated that cd19-y513 was lyn's initial phosphorylation and binding site. This led to processive phosphorylation of cd19-y482, which recruited a second lyn molecule, allowing for transphosphorylation and amplification of lyn activation." SIGNOR-80290 clofarabine chemical CHEBI:681569 ChEBI PRIM1 protein P49642 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1707752 t miannu "Effects of 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 Cellular Metabolism and the Inhibition of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase and DNA Polymerases by Its 5′-Triphosphate.The effect of Cl-F-ara-ATP on human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma isolated from K562 cells grown in culture was determined and compared with those of Cl-dATP and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine triphosphate (F-ara-ATP). Cl-F-ara-ATP was a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha.Cl-F-ara-ATP was not a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta, DNA polymerase gamma, or DNA primase." SIGNOR-258359 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser389 LSPIAPRsPAKLSFQ 9606 BTO:0000567 8846788 t lperfetto "We find that the JNKs are the predominant Elk-1 activation domain kinases in extracts of UV-irradiated cells and that immunopurified JNK1/2 phosphorylate Elk-1 on the same major sites recognized by ERK1/2, that potentiate its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-236455 CDR2 protein Q01850 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20383333 f lperfetto "Additionally, cdr2 knockdown lead to a decrease (Table 3) in four other transcripts (AURKA, CENPE, SPC25 and TTK), which are involved in kinetochore and spindle biology" SIGNOR-252021 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 30029643 t "Since Jak-STAT pathway primarily activated in IL-15-me- diated cell proliferation, we tested whether it is also participates in IL-15-mediated proliferation of FAPs. Interestingly, we found the expression of phospho-Jak3 and phospho-Tyk2, as well as their downstream, phospho- STAT3 and phospho-STAT5, was significantly upregulated" SIGNOR-256254 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 27629041 t miannu "Dephosphorylation of eIF2α is central to ISR signal termination to restore protein synthesis and normal cell functioning. It is mediated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex that recruits a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) and one of the two regulatory subunits. In mammals, phosphatase activity is regulated by either PPP1R15A (also known as growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible protein, GADD34), which is induced as part of the ISR. the GADD34–PP1 complex acts as an important negative feedback loop to restore protein synthesis once the ER stress has been resolved, and as such aids in cell survival" SIGNOR-254119 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr434 PARKLTAtPTPLGGM 9606 BTO:0000007 16512921 t llicata "The present data show that the splicing factor sf3b1 is a substrate of the protein kinase dyrk1a and suggest that dyrk1a may be involved in the regulation of pre mrna-splicing. by mass spectrometry and mutational analysis of sf3b1, thr434 was identified as the major phosphorylation site for dyrk1a." SIGNOR-144975 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXA13 protein P31271 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260022 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 12482967 t gcesareni "The tak1-nlk-mapk-related pathway antagonizes signalling between beta-catenin and transcription factor tcf." SIGNOR-96425 "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI "Reduced Vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:8784 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "The epoxide form of vitamin K is reduced by epoxide reductase (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1; VKORC1 or vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1-like 1; VKORC1L1) to a reduced form and then to the reduced hydroquinone form" SIGNOR-265913 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11788593 f gcesareni "We show that retinoic acid receptor (rar)-selective ligands reduce egfr level and the magnitude and duration of egfr activation in egf-stimulated cells" SIGNOR-114087 palbociclib chemical CHEBI:85993 ChEBI CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189693 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser45 GATTTAPsLSGKGNP 9606 BTO:0000007 12176352 t gcesareni "Using mass spectrometry and phosphopeptide-specific antibodies, we show that a complex of axin and casein kinase I (CKI) induces Beta-catenin phosphorylation at a single site: serine 45 (S45)." SIGNOR-244102 GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f miannu "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-264970 KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22378047 f lperfetto "IL-4-induced c-Myc activity controls a subset of M2-associated genes. IL-4 also induces the M2-polarizing JMJD3-IRF4 axis to inhibit IRF5-mediated M1 polarization." SIGNOR-249564 PDYN protein P01213 UNIPROT OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258415 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HUWE1 protein Q7Z6Z7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271305 SMARCAD1 protein Q9H4L7 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21549307 t 1 miannu "SMARCAD1 interacts with HDAC1 and KAP1 and is required for their binding to heterochromatin" SIGNOR-239835 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1008 LPQDKEYyKVKEPGE 9606 BTO:0000876 25624455 t miannu "Deeper examination shows that JAKs are critically involved in integrin-mediated monocyte adhesion and that PTPRG activation leads to JAK2 dephosphorylation on the critical 1007–1008 phosphotyrosine residues, implying JAK2 inhibition and thus explaining the antiadhesive role of PTPRG." SIGNOR-254690 EIF1 protein P41567 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20921384 t lperfetto "Genetic and biochemical studies have revealed several eukaryotic factors involved in selecting the correct initiation codon (3–6). Further analyses pointed toward eukaryotic initiation factor 1 (eIF1) as the key mediator of this process (7–10). eIF1 binds near the P-site of the small ribosomal subunit (11); this binding is thought to lead to an open conformation of the preinitiation complex favoring scanning" SIGNOR-269143 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 24352507 t lperfetto "We finally confirmed that in the absence of HIF-1α there was a significant reduction at the protein level in pro-caspase-1, activated caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, and ultimately active IL-1β (Fig. 4g and h). These data show that adenosine induced up-regulation of IL-1β is dependent on a CREB/HIF-1α pathway which is distinct from the NF-kB pathway used for initial production of IL-1β in response to LPS." SIGNOR-251718 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr404 SSMSTEQtLASDTDS -1 11062067 t "MKK7 also phosphorylates JNK2 alpha 2 at Thr-404 and Ser-407 in vitro. Stress-activated protein kinase 1 (SAPK1), also called c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), becomes activated in vivo in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines or cellular stresses. Its full activation requires the phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif, which can be catalysed by the protein kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)4 and MKK7." SIGNOR-251418 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT DCN protein P07585 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Ser240 ISRVDAAsLKGLNNL -1 9148753 t miannu "Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases. These data indicate proteolytic degradation of DCN by MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-7, and suggest the possibility that, under pathophysiological conditions, the digestion by the MMPs may induce tissue reactions mediated by TGF-beta1 released from DCN in the connective tissues." SIGNOR-256350 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1197 KAYSPRYsISDRTSI 9534 BTO:0004055 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-244588 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXC8 protein P31273 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260029 EFNB1 protein P98172 UNIPROT EPHB3 protein P54753 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "The activation of eph receptors by their ligands, which are membrane-anchored molecules, involves a cell-cell recognition event that often causes cell repulsion." SIGNOR-52517 EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24714526 f miannu "Reduction of globin inclusions and induction of ATF4 and HbF by the HRI-eIF2αP signaling provide strong bases for targeting this pathway for novel pharmaceutical therapy of hemoglobinopathy." SIGNOR-251818 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT Brown_adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH27 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 f gcesareni "Other g protein-mediated pathways are the planar cell polarity (pcp) pathway (shown in blue) leading to the activation of rac/rho, c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), and/or rho-associated kinase (rock). Jnk can induce jun, which, together with fos, forms the ap-1 early response transcription factor. Both pcp pathways have been implicated in cytoskeletal rearrangements" SIGNOR-198840 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258544 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL -1 10734133 t gcesareni "Interestingly, all PTPs that were tested could completely dephosphorylate the receptor, given sufficient time, including a negative control (PTP-PEST) that failed to bind IRK as a trapping mutant." SIGNOR-262291 RPS10 protein P46783 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262442 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT SLIT1 protein O75093 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268899 "Non-structural protein 10" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037317 UNIPROT MT-ND4L protein P03901 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000764 16157265 t lperfetto "This result suggests that the nsp10 protein could affect the activities of NADH and cytochrome oxidase II via a direct interaction while being involved in viral replication." SIGNOR-260253 AARS1 protein P49588 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32314272 t miannu "Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N)." SIGNOR-270450 CCNC protein P24863 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15546612 t "Leads to a following ubiquitination and degradation" gcesareni "Purified recombinant cycc:cdk8 phosphorylates the notch icd within the tad and pest domains, and expression of cycc:cdk8 strongly enhances notch icd hyperphosphorylation and pest-dependent degradation by the fbw7/sel10 ubiquitin ligase in vivo." SIGNOR-130592 RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation 9606 33859667 t SaraGualdi "Hendriks and coworkers showed that, in response to alkylation damage by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), SUMOylated JARID1B (KDM5B) is ubiquitylated by the SUMOtargeted ubiquitin ligase RNF4 and degraded by the proteasome, whereas JARID1C (KDM5C) is SUMOylated and recruited to the chromatin to demethylate histone H3K4 (Hendriks et al., 2015)." SIGNOR-271576 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser176 AKDVDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 SIGNOR-C14 9520446 t lperfetto "Nf-kappab-inducing kinase activates ikk-alpha by phosphorylation of ser-176. Nik preferentially phosphorylates ikk-alpha over ikk-beta, leading to the activation of ikk-alpha kinase activity; the accumulated nik phosphorylates ikkalfa." SIGNOR-55942 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7791754 t lperfetto "Using several complementary approaches, we investigated the formation of homomeric and heteromeric complexes between the two known bmp type i receptors (br-ia and br-ib) and the bmp type ii receptor (br-ii)." SIGNOR-33431 ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256842 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005192 20037778 f miannu "we find UHRF1 plays an important role in inhibiting MDR1 promoter activity by directly binding to the MDR1 promoter. Overexpression of UHRF1 in NCI/ADR-RES cells can induce deacetylation of histones H3 and H4 on the MDR1 promoter, which is facilitated by recruitment of HDAC1 to the MDR1 promoter." SIGNOR-254223 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521-1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" hydroxylation Pro67 PQGPLAPpASPGPFA 9606 31375625 t lperfetto "EglN3 hydroxylase stabilizes BIM-EL linking VHL type 2C mutations to pheochromocytoma pathogenesis and chemotherapy resistance|EglN3 Hydroxylates BIM-EL at the Proline67/70 Residues" SIGNOR-262003 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser99 GGIKRTVsEPSLSGLL 9606 BTO:0001025 30022161 t "We identify the tumour suppressor TET2 as a substrate of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates TET2 at serine 99, thereby stabilizing the tumour suppressor. Increased glucose levels impede AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at serine 99, which results in the destabilization of TET2 followed by dysregulation of both 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and the tumour suppressive function of TET2 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-256135 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 SIGNOR-C7 17964260 t gcesareni "Akt1 and 2 promote the association of myod with p300 and pcaf acetyltransferases, via direct phosphorylation of p300." SIGNOR-158627 SLC24A4 protein Q8NFF2 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264402 CYFIP1 protein Q7L576 UNIPROT "WRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C191 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21107423 t miannu "WAVE proteins are constitutively associated with four additional proteins in cells: Sra1/Cyfip1, Nap1/Hem-2, Abi and HSPC300. The components of this ~400 kDa pentamer, termed the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) have all been implicated in control of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly in a wide range of systems" SIGNOR-253568 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 7227 11955435 t lperfetto "We show that these phosphoserines prime further phosphorylation at adjacent Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) and Casein Kinase I (CK1) sites. Alteration of the GSK3 or CK1 sites prevents Ci-155 proteolysis and activates Ci in the absence of Hedgehog." SIGNOR-219231 MAPK8IP2 protein Q13387 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10490659 t "These data demonstrated that JIP2 increases JNK activation by the MLK signaling pathway" gcesareni "These experiments demonstrated that 10 different jnk isoforms bound to both jip proteins." SIGNOR-70860 CDC42BPA protein Q5VT25 UNIPROT PPP1R12C protein Q9BZL4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr560 MRQSRRStQGVTLTD BTO:0000298 11399775 t llicata "Identification of the Phosphorylation Site of p85 on Threonine 560 by MRCKα-CAT | Wild-type p85 but not the mutant p85AA, when phosphorylated in vitro with MRCKα-CAT, showed significant reduction in the rate of MLC2 dephosphorylation. These results confirm a similar observation with MBS130 where phosphorylation of a conserved threonine 695 within a highly conserved motif was essential for the inhibition of phosphatase catalytic activity" SIGNOR-250724 SLC36A2 protein Q495M3 UNIPROT glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12748860 t lperfetto "Both PAT1 and PAT2 mediate 1:1 symport of protons and small neutral amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.|The first member of the SLC36 family, present in both intracellular and plasma membranes, was identified independently as a lysosomal amino acid transporter (LYAAT1) responsible for the export of lysosomal proteolysis products into the cytosol and as a proton/amino acid transporter (PAT1) responsible for the absorption of amino acids in the gut." SIGNOR-264738 KANSL3 protein Q9P2N6 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267162 SIRT3 protein Q9NTG7 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys321 SDPIMLLkDRMVNSN 9606 BTO:0000007 25152236 t lperfetto "SIRT3 deacetylates and increases pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cancer cells|SIRT3 deacetylates PDHA1 lysine 321 (K321)" SIGNOR-267636 CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257130 VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR USP33 protein Q8TEY7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 12056827 t miannu "VDU1 and VDU2 could be important substrates of pVHL E3 ligase complex. Finally, we demonstrate that VDU2 can also be ubiquitinated and degraded in a pVHL-dependent manner.pVHL mediates the degradation of hVDU2 by proteasome. we have demonstrated that both VDU1 and VDU2 also bind to the β-domain of pVHL and several naturally occurring mutations in the β-domain disrupt the interaction between VDU1/VDU2 and pVHL. If pVHL is mutated either in the α-domain or β-domain, VDU1 and VDU2 would not be ubiquitinated and degraded properly. This could lead to accumulation of these two proteins in the cells. Together, our results suggest that VDU1 and VDU2 might be relevent to pVHL-related tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-272607 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1197 STAENAEyLRVAPQS 10090 BTO:0002882 16122376 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "EGFR possesses three major and two minor tyrosine autophosphorylation sites located at Y1068, Y1148, Y1173, and at Y992 and Y1086 respectively. In addition, EGFR Y1114 is preceded by glutamic acid (Figure 1), which should be preferred by the EGFR kinase as indicated in previous work" SIGNOR-235951 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2056 VQSYSYSsQDPRPAT 9606 17189255 t llicata "Ir-induced dna-pkcs phosphorylation at thr-2609 and ser-2056, however, exhibits distinct kinetics indicating that they are differentially regulated. Although dna-pkcs autophosphorylates itself at ser-2056 after ir, in addition, our data suggest that dna-pkcs- and atm-mediated dna-pkcs phosphorylations are cooperative and required for the full activation of dna-pkcs and the subsequent dsb repair." SIGNOR-151445 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr128 SKAQQGLyQVPGPSP 9606 22710723 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we demonstrate that src phosphorylates p130cas y128. We engineered crc cells homozygous for a p130cas y128f knock-in mutant and found that these cells exhibit significantly reduced migration and colony formation" SIGNOR-197927 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 ATPAARAsKKILLPE 9606 BTO:0000007 11042191 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of GRK2 by protein kinase C abolishes its inhibition by calmodulin. In vitro, GRK2 was preferentially phosphorylated by PKC isoforms alpha, gamma, and delta. Two-dimensional peptide mapping of PKCalpha-phosphorylated GRK2 showed a single site of phosphorylation, which was identified as serine 29 by HPLC-MS. A S29A mutant of GRK2 was not phosphorylated by PKC in vitro and showed no phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation when transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells." SIGNOR-249060 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr60 EYRRRRHtMDKDSRG 9606 16081417 t llicata "Phosphorylation of wnk1 on thr-58 contributes to sgk1 activation. these data suggest that activation of sgk1 by wnk1 requires the catalytic activity of akt." SIGNOR-139391 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:15786 ChEBI 4-trimethylammoniobutanal smallmolecule CHEBI:18020 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11802770 t miannu "HTMLA might be identical to serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT; EC 2.1.2.1), since it has been shown that SHMT purified from rabbit liver acts upon HTML, yielding TMABA and glycine." SIGNOR-269690 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR EIF4G3 protein O43432 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" stabilization 9606 17581632 t lperfetto "EIF3 plays many functions in initiation complex formation. It interacts with eIF1, eIF5, eIF4B and eIF4G, and the direct interaction between eIF3 and eIF4G may serve as a bridge between the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF4F-bound mRNA (Hershey and Merrick, 2000). eIF3 stabilizes the binding of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex to the 40S subunit" SIGNOR-269157 "CHIR 99021" chemical CHEBI:91091 ChEBI GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191000 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 ETRICKIyDSPCLPE 10090 BTO:0002883 11684015 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of the RAD51 Tyr-315 residue by BCR/ABL appears essential for enhanced DSB repair and drug resistance" SIGNOR-247599 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser334 SVVRESKsFTRSTVD 9606 17145764 t lperfetto "Dynamics of protein kinase c-mediated phosphorylation of the complement c5a receptor on serine 334. Analysis of c5ar ser/ala mutants that possess a single intact serine residue either at position 334 or at neighboring positions 327, 332, or 338 revealed functional redundancy of c-terminal phosphorylation sites since all 4 serine residues could individually support c5ar internalization and desensitization" SIGNOR-151011 7a protein P59635 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17428862 t Luana "In this study, we show that the overexpression of Bcl-XL, a prosurvival member of the Bcl-2 family, blocks 7a-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the mechanism for apoptosis induction by 7a is at the level of or upstream from the Bcl-2 family." SIGNOR-261075 E protein P59637 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000661 16048439 f Luana "SARS-CoV E protein induces apoptosis by ‘sequestering’ Bcl-xL to the membranes of ER and Golgi, where the SARS-CoV E protein is located. As a consequence, the existing balance between pro-survival protein Bcl-xL and pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bax and BH3-domain-only proteins, is tipped by SARS CoV E protein, so that sequestered Bcl-xL could not fulfil its normal function in inhibition of apoptosis. | This result implied that SARS-CoV E protein might induce T-cell apoptosis via a pathway antagonistic to the mitochondrion-dependent mechanism of Bcl-xL." SIGNOR-260586 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10986460 t fspada "Molecular interactions among cytokines and cytokine receptors form the basis of many cell-signaling pathways relevant to immune function. Interferon-g (ifng) signals through a multimeric receptor complex consistingof two different but structurally related transmembrane chains: the high-affinityreceptor-binding subunit (ifn-gra) and a species-specific accessory factor (af-1 or ifn-grb)." SIGNOR-81804 UBR1 protein Q8IWV7 UNIPROT RECQL4 protein O94761 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15317757 t miannu "The isolated recql4, assayed as a complex with ubr1 and ubr2, exhibited dna-stimulated atpase activity but was inactive as either dna helicase or dna translocase / the discovery, in the present work, that these ub ligases, ubr1 and ubr2, interact with the putative helicase recql4 (fig. 2), and that recql4 is a long-lived, non-ubiquitylated protein in hela cells" SIGNOR-128169 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT CCR2 protein P41597 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr139 ILLTIDRyLAIVHAV 9606 9670957 t "JAK2 phosphorylates CCR2 at the Tyr139 position and promotes JAK2/STAT3 complex association to the receptor. " SIGNOR-251345 "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268600 RUVBL1 protein Q9Y265 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269292 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT AQP4 protein P55087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser285 MEVEDNRsQVETDDL 9615 BTO:0000837 11742978 t llicata "We found that the stress-induced kinase casein kinase (CK)II phosphorylates the Ser276 immediately preceding the tyrosine motif, increasing AQP4-mu 3A interaction and enhancing AQP4-lysosomal targeting and degradation. | To determine whether Ser276 is an actual CKII substrate, we used GST–AQP4‐Cter proteins in which only one out of the three C‐terminal CKII consensus sites was sequentially conserved (Ser276, Ser285 and Ser315, respectively). Figure 7B (right panel) shows that the three serine residues, including Ser276, were indeed efficiently phosphorylated by CKII." SIGNOR-250975 KLHL20 protein Q9Y2M5 UNIPROT DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20389280 t miannu "Here, we identify the BTB-Kelch protein KLHL20 as a negative regulator of DAPK. KLHL20 binds DAPK and Cullin 3 (Cul3) via its Kelch-repeat domain and BTB domain, respectively. The KLHL20-Cul3-ROC1 E3 ligase complex promotes DAPK polyubiquitination, thereby inducing the proteasomal degradation of DAPK." SIGNOR-271960 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR GNE protein Q9Y223 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10116 BTO:0000759 10745088 t lperfetto "Protein kinase C phosphorylates and regulates UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase|Furthermore, PKC phosphorylates UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase and this phosphorylation results in an upregulation of the UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase enzyme activity." SIGNOR-266072 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT SLC12A3 protein P55017 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr55 SSTFCMRtFGYNTID 10090 25651566 t lperfetto "SPAK directly phosphorylates NCC and its effects on NCC are universally associated with phosphorylation|This adds to the evidence that SPAK-mediated phosphorylation acts primarily to increase activity of individual cotransporters without affecting the amount of NCC on the surface| the kinase (SPAK) that phosphorylates NCC at T53" SIGNOR-264623 PCDH10 protein Q9P2E7 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-269034 PDK4 protein Q16654 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109617 EXOC4 protein Q96A65 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270787 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser435 LTVLNAFsQAPSTMQ -1 8407951 t lperfetto " The carboxyl-terminal transcription activation domain was mapped within a 71-amino acid region that contains both DNA-PK phosphorylation sites. Amino acid substitutions that interfered with phosphorylation by DNA-PK at Ser-435/446 in GAL4-SRF fusion proteins were reduced in transactivation potency. From these data we suggest that DNA-PK phosphorylation may modulate SRF activity in vivo." SIGNOR-248921 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22318735 t gcesareni "Upon proteolysis, the newly formed n terminus acts as a tethered ligand that activates the receptor and initiates signaling cascades through multiple g proteins (galfaq, galfai, and galfa12/13)." SIGNOR-196009 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser296 GFSKHIQsNLDFSPV 8355 15707391 t lperfetto "This suggests that Ser296 is probably one of the sites autophosphorylated when Chk1 is fully activated [21], despite the sequence surrounding Ser296 (FSKHIQS296NL) being only weakly related to the optimal Chk1-recognition motif (M/I/L/V)-X-(R/K)-X-X-(S/T), where (S/T) is the phosphorylated residue" SIGNOR-219240 RPGRIP1L protein Q68CZ1 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates demethylation 9606 20080798 t lperfetto "Fbxl11 and nsd1 have opposite effects on nf-kb; both bind to p65 subunit after activation of nf-kb. / nsd1 activates nf-kb and reverses the inhibitory effect of fbxl11 / these data confirm that fbxl11 and nsd1 constitute an enzyme pair that methylates and demethylates p65 on k218 and 221 in response to cytokine stimulation." SIGNOR-217412 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 8618896 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation at Ser-59 (or alternatively, its mutation to Glu) reverses the inhibition and allows interaction of the p56lck SH2 domain with p62.|phosphotyrosine-independent binding of p62 to the p56lck SH2 domain appears to provide an alternative pathway for p56lck signaling that is regulated by Ser-59 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-270074 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser409 HGLSLIPsTGLCSPD 9606 10673502 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O75030-9" gcesareni "The current study reveals that c-kit signaling triggers two phosphorylation events on mi, which up-regulate transactivation potential yet simultaneously target mi for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The specific activation/degradation signals derive from mapk/erk targeting of serine 73, whereas serine 409 serves as a substrate for p90 rsk-1. An unphosphorylatable double mutant at these two residues is at once profoundly stable and transcriptionally inert." SIGNOR-75034 PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10604473 t "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phospho-protein, relative molecular mass 32,000) is converted into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) at threonine 34.√¢‚Ǩ≈°√Ǭ†" SIGNOR-269869 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1356 YVHVNATyVNVKCVA 9606 21454675 t gcesareni "Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (rptp-beta) directly dephosphorylates and regulates hepatocyte growth factor receptor (hgfr/met) function." SIGNOR-173004 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser628 LSLGSGIsQCGYSST 9534 BTO:0000298 11865049 t llicata "The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, CKIepsilon and CKIdelta are able to induce nuclear translocation of mPer3, which requires its nuclear localization signal. The mutation in potential phosphorylation sites on mPer3 decreased the extent of both nuclear translocation and degradation of mPer3 that are stimulated by CKIepsilon. | In mut7 in which all of the conserved serine and threonine residues in this region were mutated, the ratio of the shifted band was greatly reduced reproducibly. " SIGNOR-250817 2-[1-ethylsulfonyl-3-[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-pyrazolyl]-3-azetidinyl]acetonitrile chemical CHEBI:95341 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20363976 t Luana "INCB028050 is a selective orally bioavailable JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with nanomolar potency against JAK1 (5.9 nM) and JAK2 (5.7 nM)." SIGNOR-257832 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT ETV5 protein P41161 UNIPROT down-regulates sumoylation 9606 15857832 t miannu "Here we show that erm interacts with the sumo-conjugating enzyme ubc9 and is modified by sumo. We further show that sumo modification of this ets transcription factor affects its ability to activate transcription." SIGNOR-135850 PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT TLE4 protein Q04727 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002291 10811620 t Gianni "Grg4 efficiently represses the transcriptional activity of Pax5 in an octapeptide-dependent manner. Similar protein interactions resulting in transcriptional repression were also observed between distantly related members of both the Pax2/5/8 and Groucho protein families" SIGNOR-269083 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser673 RVQSKIGsLDNITHV -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation of tau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably the KXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320). This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau's affinity for microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau's assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-250175 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19115199 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-217613 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 18570872 t amattioni "CIAP1 and cIAP2 directly ubiquitinate RIP1 and induce constitutive RIP1 ubiquitination in cancer cells and demonstrate that constitutively ubiquitinated RIP1 associates with the prosurvival kinase TAK1. In this way RIP1 functions as a prosurvival scaffold molecule instead of a proapoptotic adaptor protein" SIGNOR-179100 2-chloro-5-(2-phenyl-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenol chemical CHEBI:93773 ChEBI RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 12970777 t gcesareni "The raf inhibitor l-779,450. This raf inhibitor was less effective on b-raf- or mek1-responsive cells, demonstrating the specificity of this drug." SIGNOR-100358 "DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex" complex SIGNOR-C262 SIGNOR DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates 24043831 f lperfetto "At the replication fork, primase is present in a constitutive complex with DNA polymerase α (Pol α), which extends the RNA primer with deoxynucleotides and makes the resulting RNA–DNA primer available to the leading- and lagging-strand polymerases, Pols ε and δ, for processive elongation " SIGNOR-261344 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser813 DIYSRRLsQETGLEI 9606 1377674 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of cf-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by pka and pkgcftr possesses a large cluster of strict dibasic consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase a (pka) in the r-domain and an obligatory dependence on phosphorylation is a hallmark of cftr cl(-) channel function" SIGNOR-18253 LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22889411 t miannu "We used the Ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family of E3s, a group of PDZ domain-containing RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, to demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy. Many potential substrates of LNX E3s were identified. Eight of the nine selected candidates were ubiquitinated in vitro, and two novel endogenous substrates, PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR), were confirmed in vivo." SIGNOR-272903 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16829981 t gcesareni "Egfr and erbb4 had several docking sites for grb2, while erbb3 was characterized by six binding sites for pi3k. Egfr has six binding sites for the adapter protein grb2, and erbb4 has five, each with different binding strength." SIGNOR-147847 FAM83G protein A6ND36 UNIPROT CD2AP protein Q9Y5K6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 29175910 t lperfetto "PAWS1 interacts in a dynamic fashion with the actin/cytoskeletal regulator CD2AP at lamellae|Loss of PAWS1 causes severe defects in F-actin organization and distribution as well as in lamellipodial organization, resulting in impaired cell migration." SIGNOR-264768 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10330170 f gcesareni "Moreover, in addition to jnk, erk5, p38alpha, and p38gamma were found to stimulate the c-jun promoter by acting on distinct responsive elements." SIGNOR-67535 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu61 EFVQGNLeRECMEEK 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263688 Ternatin chemical CID:5459184 PUBCHEM EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001109 26651998 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Ternatins inhibit protein synthesis with potencies that correlate with their ability to block cell proliferation, and photo-ternatin 5 identified eEF1A as aplausible target." SIGNOR-261126 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI PLEKHG1 protein Q9ULL1 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 21041639 t gcesareni "Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (pip3), the product of pi3k activity and a key signaling molecule, acts by recruiting pleckstrin-homology (ph) domain-containing proteins to cell membranes" SIGNOR-169179 ALDH1A1 protein P00352 UNIPROT "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265123 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser180 LTDPRLLsPQQPALQ 9606 BTO:0000567 10849446 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to mef2c, bmk1 phosphorylates and activates mef2a and mef2d but not mef2b. the sites phosphorylated by activated bmk1 were mapped to ser-355, thr-312, and thr-319 of mef2a and ser-179 of mef2d both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-236041 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT COPS6 protein Q7L5N1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser60 DHWIRMRsQEGRPVQ 9606 23095642 t llicata "Mechanistic studies show that akt causes csn6 phosphorylation at ser 60, which, in turn, reduces ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation of csn6." SIGNOR-252532 CABIN1 protein Q9Y6J0 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17172641 f gcesareni "Thus, cabin1 recruits chromatin-modifying enzymes, both histone deacetylases and a histone methyltransferase, to repress mef2 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-151208 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser412 EEEDGTGsPQLNNR 9606 19153083 t gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 phosphorylate beta-arrestin1 at ser-412 in vitro. . in the resting state, cytosolic arrestin1 proteins are constitutively phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) at ser412, located within their distal c terminus. erk-phosphorylated arrestin1 is unable to associate with clathrin cages, whereas this constraint is removed upon its dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-183484 MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT 3-methoxytyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:1582 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-264000 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0000599 9575217 t lperfetto "Inactive cytoplasmic STATs are recruited to the activated receptor by docking of the STAT SH2 domain to selected receptor tyrosine phosphopeptides, where they are in turn phosphorylated on a single tyrosine by Jak kinases. Has been identified tyrosine 705 of Stat3 as the likely site of phosphorylation by Jak kinases during signal transduction." SIGNOR-238638 EML4-ALK "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP8 SIGNOR SMYD2 protein Q9NRG4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation 9606 BTO:0001911 28370702 t irozzo "In the present study, we have shown that SMYD2‐mediated methylation of lysine 1610 on the EML4‐ALK fusion protein is likely to be critically important for autophosphorylation of some tyrosine residues and the oncogenic activity of the fused proteins." SIGNOR-259175 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT APEX1 protein P27695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser123 HQYWSAPsDKEGYSG 9534 BTO:0004055 10023679 t llicata "Here we demonstrate that APE/Ref-1 is phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CKII). This was shown for both the recombinant APE/Ref-1 protein (Km=0.55 mM) and for APE/Ref-1 expressed in COS cells. Phosphorylation of APE/Ref-1 did not alter the repair activity of the enzyme, whereas it stimulated its redox capability towards AP-1, thus promoting DNA binding activity of AP-1." SIGNOR-250825 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser400 PINACELsPKGKEQA -1 12361598 t miannu "GST-tagged recombinant CP110 (GST-wt) was robustly phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2 (Figure 2A). Expression of a mutant derivative of CP110 refractory to CDK phosphorylation provokes marked polyploidy. We localized the majority (nine of ten) of potential CDK2 phosphorylation sites in CP110 to an amino-terminal fragment (GST-ΔN1; Figure 1B)" SIGNOR-265956 GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21659604 t gcesareni "Grb10 negatively regulates growth factor signaling. It binds the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) receptors;mice without grb10 are larger and exhibit enhanced insulin sensitivity." SIGNOR-174065 etorphine chemical CHEBI:4912 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258802 ENSA protein O43768 UNIPROT PPP2R2D protein Q66LE6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 phosphorylation:Ser67 KGQKYFDsGDYNMAK 21164014 t gcesareni "We identified cyclic adenosine monophosphate€“regulated phosphoprotein 19 (Arpp19) and -Endosulfine as two substrates of Gwl that, when phosphorylated by this kinase, associate with and inhibit PP2A, thus promoting mitotic entry." SIGNOR-243735 ERMP1 protein Q7Z2K6 UNIPROT UPR phenotype SIGNOR-PH131 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000093 27566589 f "Furthermore, we show that this protein is an important player in the UPR and defense against oxidative stress. ERMP1 expression is strongly affected by reticular stress induced by thapsigargin and other oxidative stresses. ERMP1 silencing during reticular stress impairs the activation of PERK, a key sensor of the UPR activation." SIGNOR-261295 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 14657019 t gcesareni "Axin is a scaffold protein in tgf-beta signaling that promotes degradation of smad7 by arkadia" SIGNOR-119666 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1892 TPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120052 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19860666 t gcesareni "GLI activators bind to GACCACCCA motif to regulate transcription of GLI1, PTCH1, PTCH2, HHIP1, MYCN, CCND1, CCND2, BCL2, CFLAR, FOXF1, FOXL1, PRDM1 (BLIMP1), JAG2, GREM1, and Follistatin" SIGNOR-188884 CILK1 protein Q9UPZ9 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22356909 t lperfetto "Our findings demonstrate an important role for ick in modulating the activity of mtorc1 through phosphorylation of raptor thr-908 and thus implicate a potential signaling mechanism by which ick regulates cell proliferation and division." SIGNOR-217562 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 10464286 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Identification of a novel phosphorylation site on histone h3 coupled with mitotic chromosome condensation." SIGNOR-70424 WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19651900 t lperfetto "The HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP2 inhibits activation-induced T-cell death by catalyzing EGR2 ubiquitination|AIP2 interacts with and promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of EGR2, a zinc finger transcription factor that has been found to regulate Fas ligand (FasL) expression during activation-induced T-cell death." SIGNOR-268849 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17252 ChEBI androst-4-ene-3,17-dione smallmolecule CHEBI:16422 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000050;BTO:0000056 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268650 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 23450633 t gcesareni "S1p action on yap in 293a (or hacat) cells is mediated by s1p2 rather than s1p1 or s1p3 (of ? Ve known s1p receptors) and lpa receptors 1 and 3 (of six)." SIGNOR-192117 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT SHCBP1 protein Q8NEM2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser634 QIKKKRLsELGITQA 9606 BTO:0000567 23704356 t miannu "AurB phosphorylates Ser634 of SHCBP1 during mitosis. We generated a phosphorylation site mutant, S634A-SHCBP1, which was prematurely recruited to the central spindle during anaphase and inhibited furrowing. " SIGNOR-273552 "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263774 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT CD46 protein P15529 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17699108 f miannu "The CD46 promoter contains two binding sites for activated STAT3 and mutations introduced into the major site abolished STAT3 binding. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirms binding of STAT3 to the CD46 promoter. CD46 promoter activity is induced by activation of STAT3 and blocked by a dominant-negative form of STAT3 in luciferase reporter assays." SIGNOR-255238 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 19860666 f gcesareni "GLI activators bind to GACCACCCA motif to regulate transcription of GLI1, PTCH1, PTCH2, HHIP1, MYCN, CCND1, CCND2, BCL2, CFLAR, FOXF1, FOXL1, PRDM1 (BLIMP1), JAG2, GREM1, and Follistatin" SIGNOR-188869 ramipril chemical CHEBI:8774 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 6097265 t miannu "2-[N-[(S)-1-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl] - (1S,3S,5S) -2-azabicyclo [3.3.0] octane-3-carboxylic acid (Hoe 498) is a new, very effective and long lasting, nonsulfhydryl angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor." SIGNOR-258400 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 SPQVRTLsGSRPPLL -1 14709557 t miannu "AMPK can phosphorylate three sites in eEF2 kinase in vitro. Of these, Ser-398 appears to be more efficiently phosphorylated than either Ser-78 or Ser-366. Ser-78 and Ser-366 do not appear to be phosphorylated by AMPK within cells. Ser-366 serves to decrease the activity of eEF2 kinase" SIGNOR-250402 CNOT4 protein O95628 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268302 WDR61 protein Q9GZS3 UNIPROT PAF1C complex SIGNOR-C471 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20178742 t miannu "Human PAF1C was affinity purified from a FLAG-hPAF1 HeLa cell line and found to contain homologues (hCTR9, hLEO1, hPAF1, hCDC73 and hRTF1) of the five yeast PAF1C subunits, as well as the SKI8 subunit unique to hPAF1C (Figure 1A). " SIGNOR-269831 SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 26893351 f "We found that SOX6 regulates adipogenesis in vertebrate species by activating adipogenic regulators including PPARŒ≥, C/EBPŒ± and MEST" SIGNOR-255822 clonidine chemical CHEBI:46631 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258904 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1394 SQSDILTtQQRDTMQ 9606 BTO:0002181 11114888 t llicata "Although no single mutation eliminated the GST–BRCA1 (1314–1863) electrophoretic mobility shift, a quadruple mutant (GST–BRCA14A) containing Ala substitutions at Ser 1387, Thr 1394, Ser 1423, and Ser 1457 showed no alteration in electrophoretic mobility after phosphorylation by ATR-containing immune complexes (Fig.2D). The total incorporation of 32Pi into the GST–BRCA14Asubstrate was reduced by 70% relative to that obtained with wild-type GST–BRCA1 (1314–1863), suggesting that these four residues account for most, but not all of the phosphorylation sites in this fragment. | Together, these results demonstrate that ATR and BRCA1 are components of the same genotoxic stress-responsive pathway, and that ATR directly phosphorylates BRCA1 in response to damaged DNA or stalled DNA replication." SIGNOR-250583 ZBED1 protein O96006 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 17220279 t Luana "HDRE-like sequences act as positive regulatory elements for RP gene promoter activities in vivo. | Cotransfection of a plasmid expressing hDREF increased luciferase expression directed by each RP gene promoter more than 30% compared with the values obtained without the hDREF-expressing plasmid." SIGNOR-266082 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9020361 t lperfetto "NIK binds to Traf2 and stimulates NF-kappaB activity." SIGNOR-46215 "alvocidib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:90998 ChEBI CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192470 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1784 TPTSPNYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248757 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FMNL2 protein Q96PY5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1016 MEQQDPKsPSHKSKR 9606 BTO:0000567 29930204 t miannu "In this study we have identified the formin FMNL2 as a novel substrate for CDK1 that plays a role in maintaining adhesion complexes and facilitates cell cycle–dependent changes in adhesion complexes. Knockdown of FMNL2 or expression of a nonphosphorylatable S1016A mutant resulted in the loss of adhesion complexes and stress fibers within the cell body, with peripheral structures being maintained. " SIGNOR-273555 APOBEC3A protein P31941 UNIPROT "Clearance_of_foreign intracellular_DNA" phenotype SIGNOR-PH132 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29367246 f lperfetto "The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, or A3) family of interferon-inducible cytidine deaminases functions as antiviral restriction factors (reviewed in reference 15). Humans express seven A3 family members: A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H (16, 17). A3A is notable in that it specifically targets and restricts foreign DNA elements. A3A binds to single-stranded DNA with a high affinity (18), mediates the catabolism of foreign DNA (19), and restricts infection of several DNA viruses, including HPV (20,–24)." SIGNOR-261332 "Prolactin-releasing peptide-20" smallmolecule CHEBI:80301 ChEBI PRLHR protein P49683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257566 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser217 YTRTGSEsPKVCSDQ 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248569 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser467 RPLGRTQsAPLPQNA BTO:0001938 11470791 t llicata "CaMKIV phosphorylates HDAC4 in vitro and promotes its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in vivo. | Thus, CaMKIV can phosphorylate HDAC4 at Ser-467 and/or Ser-632 in vitro. | Collectively, our results suggest that CaMKIV reverses the transcriptional repression activity of HDAC4 by stimulating the mobilization of HDAC4 out of the nucleus." SIGNOR-250711 PCDHA8 protein Q9Y5H6 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265671 NHLRC1 protein Q6VVB1 UNIPROT PPP1R3B protein Q86XI6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18029386 t miannu "Here, we show that the laforin-malin complex downregulates PTG-induced glycogen synthesis in FTO2B hepatoma cells through a mechanism involving ubiquitination and degradation of PTG. We show here that laforin and malin play a crucial role in the regulation of glycogen biosynthesis in FTO2B hepatoma cells. In these cells, the laforin–malin complex counteracts the glycogenic effect of PTG because it promotes its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271728 acetoacetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15345 ChEBI (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:43074 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 29597274 t lperfetto "Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase (mHS, EC 2.3.3.10) catalyzes the condensation reaction between acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA in ketone body synthesis" SIGNOR-267652 DNAJC3 protein Q13217 UNIPROT EIF2AK4 protein Q9P2K8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25329545 t gcesareni "€ we show that p58IPK is a general inhibitor of the eIF2 kinases in that it also interacts with GCN2" SIGNOR-246204 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT NRGN protein Q92686 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser36 AAAKIQAsFRGHMAR -1 8080473 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of RC3 by PKC alpha, beta, or gamma was stimulated by Ca2+, phospholipid, and diacylglycerol. A single site, Ser36, which is adjacent to the predicted calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain, was phosphorylated by these enzymes. Phosphorylation of RC3 by PKC or PKM, a protease-degraded PKC, was inhibited by CaM. The effect of CaM apparently targets at RC3, as phosphorylation of protamine sulfate by PKM was not inhibited by CaM." SIGNOR-248915 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 21743488 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that her2 overexpression in this cellular model of dcis drives transcriptional upregulation of multiple components of the notch survival pathway. Importantly, luminal filling required upregulation of a signaling pathway comprising notch3, its cleaved intracellular domain and the transcriptional regulator hes1." SIGNOR-174747 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser159 LLRERKSsAPSHSSQ 9606 11782427 t lperfetto "Pkb constitutively associates with gab2, phosphorylates gab2 on a consensus phosphorylation site, ser159, in vitro and inhibits gab2 tyrosine phosphorylation." SIGNOR-113669 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT CHGA protein P10645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001007 12456801 t "Recently, binding of specific protein 1 (Sp1) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) to a GC-rich element at -92/-62 has been identified as a critical step in gastrin-dependent regulation of the chromogranin A (CgA) gene in gastric epithelial cells. Here we demonstrate that binding of early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) to the distal part of the -92/-62 site is also required for gastrin-dependent CgA transactivation." SIGNOR-254276 FANCL protein Q9NW38 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C300 17396147 t lperfetto "Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263250 SIX1 protein Q15475 UNIPROT Six1/Dach complex SIGNOR-C122 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 14628042 t llicata "The phosphatase function of Eya switches the function of Six1-Dach from repression to activation," SIGNOR-238029 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser45 FHGVAILsPLLNIEK -1 12361598 t miannu "GST-tagged recombinant CP110 (GST-wt) was robustly phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2 (Figure 2A). Expression of a mutant derivative of CP110 refractory to CDK phosphorylation provokes marked polyploidy. We localized the majority (nine of ten) of potential CDK2 phosphorylation sites in CP110 to an amino-terminal fragment (GST-ΔN1; Figure 1B)" SIGNOR-265957 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT THBS1 protein P07996 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254850 EEA1 protein Q15075 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "Early endosomal antigen-1 (EEA1) is a well-characterized effector of Rab5 and one of the most widely used markers for EE due to its specific localization to this compartment. EEA1, in coordination with members of the SNARE family, is essential for EE fusion in vivo" SIGNOR-260623 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10737771 t gcesareni "We discovered that mef2 interacts with histone deacetylases (hdacs) 4 and 5, resulting in repression of the transcriptional activity of mef2." SIGNOR-76237 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH22 protein Q9UJ99 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265838 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-252923 IL1RAP protein Q9NPH3 UNIPROT IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12530978 t gcesareni "Here we report that the soluble form of the il-1 receptor accessory protein (acp) increases the affinity of binding of human il-1alpha and il-1beta to the soluble human type ii il-1 receptor by approximately 100-fold," SIGNOR-97396 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ECT2 protein Q9H8V3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 VSMLSLNtPNSNRKR 9606 SIGNOR-C17 16170345 t lperfetto "We show that phosphorylation of ect2 at threonine-341 (t341) affects the autoregulatory mechanism of ect2. In g2/m phase, ect2 was phosphorylated at t341 most likely by cyclin b/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1) ect2 is biologically active even when it is not phosphorylated at t341" SIGNOR-140549 NMI protein Q13287 UNIPROT SOX10 protein P56693 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16214168 t miannu "we identify an association of Sox10 with the N-myc interactor Nmi. Nmi modulated the transcriptional activity of Sox10 in reporter gene assays. Nmi effects varied between different Sox10 target gene promoters, indicating that Nmi function in vivo may be promoter-specific." SIGNOR-225599 CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "Taken together, these data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm. In this scenario,the release by immune effector cells of large amounts of pro-in-flammatory cytokines (IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-33,TNFα, TGFβ) and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2, CCL3,CCL5) precipitates and sustains the aberrant systemic inflammatoryresponse. The cytokine storm is readily followed by theimmune system “attacking” the body, which in turn will cause ARDSand multiple organ failure, the final result being death, at least in themost severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection" SIGNOR-261032 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr106 SGNSAEEyYENVPCK -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273556 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 ANRPRKSsVNGSSAT 22505453 t lperfetto "The polycomb group silencing protein Bmi1 can be phosphorylated by AKT, which enhances its oncogenic potential in PCa. Overexpression of Bmi1 can act in combination with PTEN haploinsufficiency to induce invasive carcinogenic formation in the prostate" SIGNOR-252559 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 PMYQRQMsEPNIPFP 452646 11551945 t miannu "MK2 phosphorylates ER81 in vitro within its central inhibitory domain, and overexpression of MK2 leads to increased in vivo phosphorylation of ER81. Two serine residues, ER81 amino acids 191 and 216, were identified as MK2 phosphorylation sites. MK2 suppresses basal ER81-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-250146 N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-oxomethyl]-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutanamide chemical CHEBI:91371 ChEBI CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206139 sulpiride chemical CHEBI:32168 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7576010 t miannu "The affinities of D2 receptors for agonists and antagonists were compared for receptors labeled with [1251]-7-OHPIPAT and with [*251]-NCQ-298 under conditions that promote, respectively, coupling or uncoupling of receptors to G proteins. Table 1. When receptors were labeled with [lzs1]-NCQ-298, D2 and D3 receptors displayed similar potencies for sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist (Figure 3A, Table I)." SIGNOR-258430 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BMF protein Q96LC9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 DKATQTLsPASPSQG 9606 BTO:0000785 22258404 t llicata "Phosphomimetic mutation of this site (s74d) moderately enhanced bmf apoptotic activity in vivo.22 here, we demonstrate a previously unrecognized mode of regulation of bmf. We show that b-raf-mek-erk2 signaling regulates bmf phosphorylation at serine 74 and serine 77. Phosphorylation of serine 77 downregulates the pro-apoptotic activity of bmf." SIGNOR-195471 "cyproterone acetate" chemical CHEBI:50743 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191235 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD2/SMURF2 complex SIGNOR-C11 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11389444 t gcesareni "We show that in the presence of tgf-beta, smad2 interacts through its proline-rich ppxy motif with the tryptophan-rich ww domains of smurf2, a recently identified e3 ubiquitin ligases." SIGNOR-108496 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser87 VGRHRKVsPNCRFIN 9606 BTO:0001023 14645242 t lperfetto "Akt, including akt1 and akt2, interacts with and phosphorylates x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (xiap) at residue serine-87 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of xiap by akt protects xiap from ubiquitination and degradation in response to cisplatin." SIGNOR-244377 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002314 24749067 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that FOXO3, perhaps by activating Notch signaling, promotes the quiescent state during SC self-renewal in adult muscle regeneration." SIGNOR-254320 FYCO1 protein Q9BQS8 UNIPROT MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26468287 t Giulio "The preferential binding to LC3A and -B was confirmed in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation experiments of Myc-tagged FYCO1 and GFP fusions of human ATG8 family pro-teins expressed in HEK293 cells (Fig. 2B). GFP-LC3A and GFP-LC3B were efficiently co-precipitated with Myc-FYCO1,whereas GFP-LC3C, GFP-GABARAP, GFP-GABARAPL1 and-L2 were not. The effects we see on late steps of basal autophagy on mutation of the FYCO1 LIR motif correlate with a role of FYCO1 in regulating kinesin-mediated transport of LC3-positive autophagic structures." SIGNOR-260597 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser146 GRKRRQTsMTDFYHS 9606 31575057 t gcesareni "Pim-1, PKC, and Akt1 kinases phosphorylate Thr-145 and Ser-146 sites on p21 protein. Phosphorylation at Thr-145 promotes cytoplasmic translocation and stability of p21. Ser-146 phosphorylation mediated by Akt1 enhances p21 stabilization and promotes cell survival." SIGNOR-262961 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16452206 f gcesareni "We now show that mtor inhibition induces insulin receptor substrate-1 expression and abrogates feedback the pathway, resulting in akt activation both in cancer cell lines and in patient tumors treated with the rapamycin derivative, rad001." SIGNOR-144156 PPP2R1A protein P30153 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16039140 t miannu "Pr65/a acts as a scaffold protein for binding pp2ac and regulatory b subunits in a heterotrimeric holoenzyme" SIGNOR-138883 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGC3 protein Q9UN70 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265696 SUB1 protein P53999 UNIPROT REST-CoREST complex SIGNOR-C111 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20080105 t 1 miannu "We have found that PC4 directly interacts with the REST–CoREST complex. we found that there was a substantial reduction of REST–CoREST complex on the SCN2 promoter upon PC4 silencing in 293T cells." SIGNOR-239325 CSTF1 protein Q05048 UNIPROT "CSTF complex" complex SIGNOR-C441 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10669729 t lperfetto "We therefore first identified regions of the CstF subunits, CstF-77, CstF-64, and CstF-50, required for interaction with each other. " SIGNOR-268365 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser62 LLPTPPLsPSRRSGL -1 32482868 t lperfetto "ERK1 phosphorylates MYC Ser62 resulting in MYC stabilization and activation" SIGNOR-236250 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15767678 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-269984 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser487 GQPTSMLsPRHRMSP 9606 BTO:0000801 29170386 t "Interestingly, GRIP1 is phosphorylated at an N-terminal serine cluster by cyclin-dependent kinase-9 (CDK9), which is recruited into GC-induced GR:GRIP1:CDK9 hetero-complexes, producing distinct GRE-specific GRIP1 phospho-isoforms. Phosphorylation potentiates GRIP1 coactivator but, remarkably, not its corepressor properties." SIGNOR-256097 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr80 QDNVDQTySEELCYT -1 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148.  Y148 (in black) was already phosphorylated before the addition of kinases. We demonstrate that Grb2 facilitates HGAL and Syk binding following BCR stimulation but does not affect the HGAL-mediated increase in Syk kinase activity. Previous studies showed that Grb2 inhibits BCR signaling by decreasing the activation of Syk by Lyn.11 Thus, while HGAL and Grb2 oppositely affect Syk kinase activity, this is not due to direct Grb2 effects on HGAL-mediated Syk kinase activation." SIGNOR-273558 ASPSCR1 protein Q9BZE9 UNIPROT VCPKMT protein Q9H867 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23349634 t gcesareni "In the case of vcp, methylation by mettl21d was stimulated by the addition of the ubx cofactor aspscr1, which we show directly interacts with the methyltransferase." SIGNOR-200572 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR INF2 protein Q27J81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys612 LFSFPAAkPKEPTMV 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272801 CDK10 protein Q15131 UNIPROT ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser225 LDSMCPAsTPSVLSS 9606 24218572 t Manara "Altogether, these results suggest that CDK10/cyclin M directly controls ETS2 degradation through the phosphorylation of these two serines." SIGNOR-260914 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser959 DHSVRINsVGSTASS 9823 BTO:0004007 7539802 t lperfetto "We present here the identification of the major phosphorylation sites for PKC in Kit/SCFR. Two serine residues in the kinase insert, Ser-741 and Ser-746, are PKC-dependent phosphorylation sites in vivo and account for all phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Two additional serine residues, Ser-821 close to the major tyrosine autophosphorylation site in the kinase domain and Ser-959 in the carboxyl terminus are SCF-stimulated PKC-dependent phosphorylation sites. | Furthermore, the kinase activity of Kit/SCFR(S741A/S746A) toward an exogenous substrate was increased, which was reflected as a decreased Km and an increased Vmax, in accordance with the negative regulatory role of PKC on Kit/SCFR signaling." SIGNOR-248900 buprenorphine chemical CHEBI:3216 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258660 LOX protein P28300 UNIPROT EFEMP2 protein O95967 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19570982 t miannu "Fibulin-4 directly binds LOX, and this interaction enhances fibulin-4 binding to tropoelastin, thus forming a ternary complex that may be critical for elastin cross-linking." SIGNOR-252135 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr537 CKNVVPLyDLLLEML 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000567 9500442 t tpavlidou "Although the molecular mechanisms underlying ligand-independent activation of era are not completely understood, phosphorylation of a serine residue in af1 has been implicated in the response to epidermal growth factor. Era is also a target for tyrosine phosphorylation, anda single tyrosine residue located immediately adjacent to af2 has been identified as a substrate for src-family tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-55857 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser268 VALPPGAsPQRSRSP 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248519 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ADAM15 protein Q13444 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr715 LVMLGASyWYRARLH 9606 BTO:0000661 11741929 t lperfetto "Hck, and to a lesser extent lck, phosphorylated the adam15. Deletion and point mutation analysis of the adam15 cytoplasmic domain confirmed the importance of the proline-rich motifs for grb2 and lck binding and indicated the regulatory nature of tyr(715) and tyr(735). These data demonstrate selective, phosphorylation-dependent interactions of adam15 with src family ptks and grb2, which highlight the potential for integration of adam functions and cellular signaling." SIGNOR-112931 SEMA3F protein Q13275 UNIPROT NRP2 protein O60462 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16816121 t esanto "In the nervous system, neuropilins mediate axon retraction and guidance by binding class iii semaphorins. We found that sema3f could compete with metabolically labeled vegf-c for the binding to np1-ig and np2-ig fusion proteins." SIGNOR-147608 Phagocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH97 SIGNOR TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" BTO:0000801 22933625 f apalma "Furthermore, phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by M1 macrophages increased production of the Th2 cytokine TGFβ by the macrophages, while reducing expression of the Th1 cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, reflecting a shift toward an M2 phenotype" SIGNOR-255446 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001538 9003778 t lperfetto "Immunoprecipitated mlk-3 catalyzed the phosphorylation of sek1 in vitro, and co-transfected mlk-3 induced phosphorylation of sek1 and mkk3 at sites required for activation, suggesting direct regulation of these protein kinases." SIGNOR-45788 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269405 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Gly-tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29156 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269521 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SULT4A1 protein Q9BR01 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr11 SEAETPStPGEFESK 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 20920535 t gcesareni "The phosphorylation of sult4a1 allows interaction with pin1, which then promotes degradation of the sulfotransferase." SIGNOR-168248 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR EPN1 protein Q9Y6I3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 15496985 t Giorgia "Some of the more minor interactors are very strongly enriched (AAK, auxilin, Dab2, eps15, epsin1 and synaptojanin170). All these enriched proteins have multiple copies of short alpha‐appendage interaction motifs" SIGNOR-260395 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT LPP protein Q93052 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 22886954 f miannu "Inactivation of rho kinase (rok) with rok inhibitors significantly inhibited lpp mrna expression" SIGNOR-198118 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t miannu "Pim kinases phosphorylate multiple sites on Bad and promote 14-3-3 binding and dissociation from Bcl-XL. pim kinases are constitutively active when expressed in HEK-293 cells and are able to phosphorylate the Bcl-2 family member Bad on three residues, Ser112, Ser136 and Ser155 in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-259422 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 GRRIRELtAVVQKRF 10116 BTO:0003060 20605787 t miannu "Here, we show that human RPS3 is a physiological target of Akt kinase and a novel mediator of neuronal apoptosis. NGF stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of threonine 70 of RPS3 by Akt, and this phosphorylation was required for Akt binding to RPS3.our experiment demonstrated that Akt up-regulates the endonuclease activity of RPS3 via phosphorylation and led us to believe that Akt phosphorylation of RPS3 after DNA damage is an antiapoptotic signal or a molecular switch that extends the life of a cell after DNA damage." SIGNOR-259816 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT SPTAN1 protein Q13813 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000567 9624143 t amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for alpha-fodrin cleavage but dispensable for cleavage of other death substrates in apoptosis." SIGNOR-57891 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23119004 t lperfetto "Binding of igf to igf-ir activates pi3k to generate pip3 which in turn recruits and activates proteins that contain a pleckstrin homology ph) domain, including akt and pdk1." SIGNOR-252642 YEATS4 protein O95619 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269302 RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys362 RAGMVPSkVPTSMVL 9606 BTO:0000007 20483786 t miannu "In this study, we showed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RING-finger protein 5 (RNF5) interacted with VISA at mitochondria in a viral infection-dependent manner. Domain mapping experiments indicated that the C-terminal transmembrane domain of VISA was required for its interaction with RNF5. RNF5 targeted VISA at K362 and K461 for K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation after viral infection, whereas knockdown of RNF5 reversed virus-induced downregulation of VISA at the early phase. " SIGNOR-271488 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 17442268 t miannu "Chfr, a mitotic stress checkpoint, plays an important role in cell cycle progression, tumor suppression and the processes that require the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity mediated by the RING finger domain. Chfr stimulates the formation of polyubiquitin chains by ub-conjugating enzymes, and induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of a number of cellular proteins including Plk1 and Aurora A." SIGNOR-271464 RPS15 protein P62841 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262437 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003742 19818765 f Regulation miannu "GDF-5 is suppressed by IL-1beta and enhances TGF-beta3-mediated chondrogenic differentiation in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes." SIGNOR-251864 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT BPI protein P17213 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261652 APP protein P05067 UNIPROT Amyloid_fibril_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH59 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11578751 f lperfetto "Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease is a pathologic condition of cells rather than an accelerated way of aging. The senile plaques are generated by a deposition in the human brain of fibrils of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), a fragment derived from the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Tau protein is the major component of paired helical filaments (PHFs), which form a compact filamentous network described as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)." SIGNOR-251638 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1651 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248818 Dacinostat chemical CID:6445533 PUBCHEM HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 15171259 t lperfetto "We have developed a cinnamic hydroxamic class of histone deacetylase inhibitors of which a prototype was designated as NVP-LAQ824. NVP-LAQ824, inhibits histone deacetylase enzymatic activities in vitro and transcriptionally activated the p21 promoter in reporter gene assays." SIGNOR-262032 "Host translation inhibitor nsp1" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037309 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 17715225 f miannu "We mapped a strong inhibitory activity to SARS-CoV nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) and show that expression of nsp1 significantly inhibited the activation of all three virus-dependent signaling pathways. We show that expression of nsp1 significantly inhibited IFN-dependent signaling by decreasing the phosphorylation levels of STAT1 while having little effect on those of STAT2, JAK1, and TYK2." SIGNOR-262502 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr370 GNWRRGStAGGCRNY 9606 11909964 t llicata "Activation of m-calpain (calpain ii) by epidermal growth factor is limited by protein kinase a phosphorylation of m-calpain.These Data point to a novel mechanism of negative control of calpain activation, direct phosphorylation by pka." SIGNOR-116248 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys779 TKWMEHVkLERLKQV 9606 BTO:0000938 17283082 t lperfetto "Third, we and others have recently shown that only phosphorylated Ci/Gli3 are able to directly bind Slimb/BetaTrCP, that Gli3 is polyubiquitinated in the cell, and that mutations of 4 lysine residues, the putative ubiquitination sites in the Gli3 C-terminal region, inhibit Gli3 processing These observations further support the notion that Ci/Gli3 processing is carried out by the proteasome because the deletion of the cleavage site is expected to often disrupt the protease-mediated site-specific cleavage." SIGNOR-249576 CD36 protein P16671 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264453 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14500912 t "�Foxa-2 physically interacts with Akt, a key mediator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and is phosphorylated at a single conserved site (T156) that is absent in Foxa-1 and Foxa-3 proteins. This Akt phosphorylation site in Foxa-2 is highly conserved from mammals to insects. Mutant Foxa-2T156A is resistant to Akt-mediated phosphorylation, nuclear exclusion, and transcriptional inactivation of Foxa-2-regulated gene expression." SIGNOR-254978 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT KHDC3L protein Q587J8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr145 IEVREAGtQRSVEVR 9606 BTO:0001086 31609975 t miannu "Notably, we identified two critical residues, Thr145 and Thr156, whose phosphorylation by Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is essential for KHDC3L's functions. " SIGNOR-273505 PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 19915049 t lperfetto "Blimp-1 binds to the proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine genes, Il-6 and Ccl2, and negatively regulates their expression." SIGNOR-271679 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NOP53 protein Q9NZM5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser233 ARLHTKPsQAPAVEV 9606 BTO:0000007 27829214 t miannu "PICT-1 S233 and T289 were identified as the key phosphorylation sites in this pathway, as mutating both to alanine abolished UVB-induced increase of PICT-1 phosporylation. Inhibition of PIKKs or ATM (with wortmannin and KU55933, respectively) prevented the agglomeration and degradation of PICT-1, suggesting that ATM is a key regulator of PICT-1. " SIGNOR-273506 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NOP53 protein Q9NZM5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr289 PATEQAAtQESTFQE 9606 BTO:0000007 27829214 t miannu "PICT-1 S233 and T289 were identified as the key phosphorylation sites in this pathway, as mutating both to alanine abolished UVB-induced increase of PICT-1 phosporylation. Inhibition of PIKKs or ATM (with wortmannin and KU55933, respectively) prevented the agglomeration and degradation of PICT-1, suggesting that ATM is a key regulator of PICT-1. " SIGNOR-273507 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1647 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248737 3-[[6-(3-aminophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]oxy]phenol chemical CHEBI:91384 ChEBI GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207474 PAX8 protein Q06710 UNIPROT SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14623893 t miannu "Pax8 has an essential role in thyroid organogenesis and differentiation, being the main mediator of thyroid gene transcription, including the NIS gene." SIGNOR-251990 "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR Vesicle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH172 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30605680 f lperfetto "Coat protein complex (COP) II vesicles export newly synthesized secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)" SIGNOR-265297 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser268 PQVRVGGsSVDLHRF 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0000551 23542175 t lperfetto "We find that ctnnd1/p120ctn phosphorylation at serine 268 (p-s268) occurs in a strictly pkc_-dependent manner,serine/threonine phosphorylation of p120-ctn has been reported to affect the integrity of ajs [12], [24] and [25]. Xia et al. (2003) reported that several residues (ser122, ser252, ser268, ser288, thr310, ser312, ser873, and thr910) in p120ctn can be either phosphorylated or dephosphorylated upon pkc activation" SIGNOR-201600 ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 24243019 f lperfetto "Here we reveal a hierarchical mechanism in the direct conversion of fibroblasts into induced neuronal (iN) cells mediated by the transcription factors Ascl1|Accordingly, Ascl1-mutant mice show severe defects in neurogenesis" SIGNOR-265174 RIMBP3C protein A6NJZ7 UNIPROT RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264367 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser764 LQSASSHsPTPQRRP 10116 20496096 t "CaN is activated, targeting a set of proteins for dephosphorylation, including dynamin II |We have recently discovered that the ubiquitously expressed dynamin isoform, dynII, is phosphorylated at S764 specifically during mitosis (unpublished data). We now show that S764 is phosphorylated throughout mitosis and is dephosphorylated at the time of cytokinesis(dynII)." SIGNOR-252317 9b protein P59636 UNIPROT TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 25135833 f miannu "SARS-coronavirus Open Reading frame-9b Suppresses Innate Immunity by Targeting Mitochondria and the MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 Signalosome. Acting on mitochondria, ORF-9b targets the mitochondrial-associated adaptor molecule MAVS signalosome by usurping PCBP2 and the HECT domain E3 ligase AIP4 to trigger the degradation of MAVS, TRAF3, and TRAF 6." SIGNOR-260242 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "Non-structural protein 2" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037310 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 18620382 t Luana "Pyrimidine 13 showed good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity was also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50’s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-260150 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe635 HHQKLVFfAEDVGSN -1 10605825 t lperfetto "In this work, we used a sensitive in vitro method of detection to investigate the role of cathepasin D in the proteolytic processing of a 100-amino acid C-terminal fragment (C100) inclusive of βA4 and cytoplasmic domain of APP. Digestion of C100 with cathepsin D resulted in cleavage at the amyloidogenic γ-cleavage sites. This occurred preferentially at Thr43–Val44 and at Ala42–Thr43, generating full length βA4 43 and βA4 42 amyloid peptides, respectively. Cathepsin D was also found to cleave the substrate at the following nonamyloidogenic sites; Leu34–Met35, Thr48–Leu49 and Leu49–Val50. A high concentration of cathepsin D resulted in cleavage also occurring at Phe19–Phe20, Phe20–Ala21 and Phe93–Phe94 of the C100, suggesting that these sites are somewhat less sensitive to the action of cathepsin D." SIGNOR-261774 GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9235901 t gcesareni "Galfaq/11 subunits also activate p21ras" SIGNOR-50104 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF10 protein Q8NA82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271047 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT KLF10 protein Q13118 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003781 18359287 f lperfetto "In this study, we show that both TGFBI and KLF10 are down-regulated by VHL in 786-0 cells, and that KLF10 may serve as a transactivator of the TGFBI promoter." SIGNOR-253213 NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR ZDHHC5 protein Q9C0B5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28775165 t "Mechanistic investigations revealed that mutant p53 transcriptionally upregulated ZDHHC5 along with the nuclear transcription factor NF-Y" SIGNOR-261151 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258630 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10929711 t amattioni "Smac promotes caspase-9 activation by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, iaps, and removing their inhibitory activity." SIGNOR-171770 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18599437 f "MeCP2 is involved in gene silencing and known to affect the activity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)" SIGNOR-254023 HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31226023 t miannu "Similar to PERK and IRE1, ATF6 is activated by ER stress-induced dissociation from GRP78" SIGNOR-260179 NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17355968 t miannu "The function of NOD2 could be to recruit RICK at the plasma membrane to form an active complex able to activate part of the NF-κB pathway. NOD2 induces a membrane recruitment of RICK that is dependent on a CARD-CARD interaction." SIGNOR-252402 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28980855 t "inferred from family member" "The Lys63-linked ubiquitination of HK2 catalyzed by the E3 ligase TRAF6 was critical for the subsequent recognition of HK2 by the autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 for the process of selective autophagic degradation." SIGNOR-270271 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257950 SPAST protein Q9UBP0 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates cleavage -1 15716377 f Gianni "Using real-time imaging, we show that Spastin severs microtubules when added to permeabilized, cytosol-depleted cells stably expressing GFP-tubulin." SIGNOR-269046 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257159 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001133 18977325 t irozzo "Recent studies have identified association of multiple MLL-fusion partners including AF4, AF9, and AF10 with DOT1L, a histone H3K79 methyltransferase.This leads to a model where MLL-AF4 recruits DOT1L to MLL target genes, and promotes methylation of H3K79 at loci with existing H3K4 methylation (i.e., by wildtype MLL or other H3K4 methyltransferases) thus stimulating transcriptional elongation of genes that are normally primed but not fully transcribed." SIGNOR-255871 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser272 LSDTDSHsQDLGSPE 9606 BTO:0000763 11278446 t lperfetto "Hyperphosphorylation of hrad9 induced by ir is dependent on atm. Ser(272) of hrad9 is phosphorylated directly by atm in vitro. / our results suggest that the atm-mediated phosphorylation of hrad9 is required for ir-induced checkpoint activation." SIGNOR-105243 LPCAT4 protein Q643R3 UNIPROT acyl-CoA(4-) chemical CHEBI:58342 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272773 NUP160 protein Q12769 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262094 ZMYM2 protein Q9UBW7 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 32439918 t miannu "Here we have identified the zinc-finger proteins ZMYM2 and ZMYM4 as novel B-MYB binding proteins. B-MYB has been implicated in cell cycle progression at two steps, namely at the G1/S- and the G2/M-transition. ZMYM2 is required for the G1/S-transition in HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-269801 PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT Cerebral_cortex_development phenotype SIGNOR-PH66 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23973156 f miannu "LIS1, the first gene to be identified as involved in a neuronal migration disease, is a dosage-sensitive gene whose proper levels are required for multiple aspects of cortical development. Deletions in LIS1 result in a severe brain malformation, known as lissencephaly, whereas duplications delay brain development. LIS1 affects the proliferation of progenitors, spindle orientation and interkinetic nuclear movement in the ventricular zone, as well as nucleokinesis and migration of neurons." SIGNOR-252165 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys800 LNPILPPkAPAVSPL 9606 BTO:0000938 17283082 t lperfetto "Third, we and others have recently shown that only phosphorylated Ci/Gli3 are able to directly bind Slimb/BetaTrCP, that Gli3 is polyubiquitinated in the cell, and that mutations of 4 lysine residues, the putative ubiquitination sites in the Gli3 C-terminal region, inhibit Gli3 processing These observations further support the notion that Ci/Gli3 processing is carried out by the proteasome because the deletion of the cleavage site is expected to often disrupt the protease-mediated site-specific cleavage." SIGNOR-249578 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10644691 t lperfetto "Pp2c utilizes axin as a substrate both in vitro and in vivo and decreases its half-life. These results indicate that pp2c is a positive regulator of wnt signal transduction and mediates its effects through the dephosphorylation of axin." SIGNOR-227955 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr783 EGRNPGFyVEANPMP -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249362 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 10116 7535768 t "We demonstrate that ERK, JNK, and p38 are activated by distinct combinations of stimuli in T cells that simulate full or partial activation through the T cell receptor. These kinases are regulated by reversible phosphorylation on Tyr and Thr, and the dual specific phosphatases PAC1 and MKP-1 previously have been implicated in the in vivo inactivation of ERK or of ERK and JNK, respectively" SIGNOR-248463 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 9625767 t lperfetto "Il-1 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of signaling events, including activation of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 map kinase, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab" SIGNOR-249514 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15650056 f "Microarray analyses revealed higher mRNA expression of Frizzled-4, a receptor for Wnt ligands in 32D/Flt3-ITD cells. Findings were verified by quantitative realtime reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and on the protein level." SIGNOR-260121 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr533 TGSDNTDtEGS 9606 17936701 t miannu "PVHL Acts as an Adaptor to Promote the Inhibitory Phosphorylation of the NF-κB Agonist Card9 by CK2" SIGNOR-257601 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000527 25303533 t miannu "KLHL9 mediates poly-ubiquitylation of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ isoforms. We confirmed KLHL9 deletions in an independent cohort and showed that this protein is necessary for Cul3-ligase mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of established MES-GBM MRs, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ." SIGNOR-272456 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination Lys21 EGPRDGLkKERLLDD 9606 7479976 t gcesareni "Here we provide evidence that lysine residues 21 and 22 serve as the primary sites for signal-induced ubiquitination of i kappa b alpha." SIGNOR-26573 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr117 DGCTWKGtLKEYESC 10090 17188031 t "We show that the Thr117 residue in TRAF2 is phosphorylated following TNFalpha stimulation. This phosphorylation process is modulated by PP2A and is required for TRAF2 functional activity." SIGNOR-248640 KLHL9 protein Q9P2J3 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000527 25303533 t miannu "KLHL9 mediates poly-ubiquitylation of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ isoforms. We confirmed KLHL9 deletions in an independent cohort and showed that this protein is necessary for Cul3-ligase mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of established MES-GBM MRs, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ." SIGNOR-272458 PELI3 protein Q8N2H9 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 17997719 t gcesareni "These studies suggest that pellino isoforms may be the e3 ubiquitin ligases that mediate the il-1-stimulated formation of k63-pub-irak1 in cells, which may contribute to the activation of ikkbeta and the transcription factor nf-kappab, as well as other pathways dependent on irak1/4." SIGNOR-159061 CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0001056 14681685 f "The Ink4b gene (Cdkn2b) encodes p15Ink4b, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. It has been implicated in playing a role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in man, since it is hypermethylated with high frequency. We provide evidence that the gene is a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia in mice." SIGNOR-259407 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 SIGNOR-C14 21673972 t lperfetto "These results demonstrate that the ikk is a direct substrate of ampk_2 and that its phosphorylation on ser177 and ser181no initiates the activation of the ampk_2 in endothelial cells which in turn phosphorylates and activates the _-subunit of the ikk. The latter also induces a higher rate of ikk auto-inactivation and thus attenuates the activation of nf_b and the expression of inflammatory genes" SIGNOR-174401 GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14701738 t miannu "Two functions for Gem have been demonstrated, including inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel activity and inhibition of Rho kinase-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization, such as stress fiber formation and neurite retraction. These functions for Gem have been ascribed to its interaction with the calcium channel Β subunit and Rho kinase Β, respectively." SIGNOR-261721 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT RBM17 protein Q96I25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser266 QGLSTALsVEKTSKR 9534 BTO:0001538 23519612 t miannu "In this work, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) phosphorylates SPF45 on eight serine residues." SIGNOR-262708 glucose chemical CHEBI:17234 ChEBI PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000222 18477450 f "Glucose restriction (GR) impaired differentiation of skeletal myoblasts and was associated with activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)." SIGNOR-256136 "UV stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST7 SIGNOR KRT14 protein P02533 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11875647 f miannu "UVB increases keratin 5 and keratin 14 expression through direct activation of the EGF receptor in SVHK." SIGNOR-251900 MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg756 KGQAGLQrALEILQE -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263426 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-106472 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAP3K10 protein Q02779 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "The c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk)-interacting protein (jip) group of scaffold proteins (jip1, jip2, and jip3) can interact with components of the jnk signaling pathway and potently activate jnk." SIGNOR-134552 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RPL12 protein P30050 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser38 KIGPLGLsPKKVGDD 9606 18847512 t llicata "Finally, we selected one novel substrate, the ribosomal protein rl12, for further study: site-directed mutagenesis and phosphopeptide mapping confirmed that cdk2 phosphorylates rl12 in vitro and in vivo on the same site determined by our methods." SIGNOR-181603 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270717 KCNQ4 protein P56696 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 19298256 t miannu "KCNQ genes encode five Kv7 K+ channel subunits (Kv7.1–Kv7.5). Four of these (Kv7.2–Kv7.5) are expressed in the nervous system. Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 are the principal molecular components of the slow voltage-gated M-channel, which widely regulates neuronal excitability, although other subunits may contribute to M-like currents in some locations." SIGNOR-265985 PLEKHG4B protein Q96PX9 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260565 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr531 PNATGTGtFSPGASP -1 10467162 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation of wild-type PKN increased the protein kinase activity, however, substitution of Thr64, Ser374, or Thr531 in the regulatory region of PKN with alanine, abolished this effect." SIGNOR-249020 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr194 ALEKKSNyEVLEKDV 9606 20802513 t llicata "In this study, we demonstrate that growth factor receptors including hepatocyte growth factor receptor met, epidermal growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor directly phosphorylate fak on tyr194 in the ferm domain collectively, this study provides the first example to explain how fak is activated by receptor tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-167646 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr925 DRSNDKVyENVTGLV 9606 16782899 t llicata "Met-mediated fak phosphorylation could further activate fak. Indeed, we found that met phosphorylates fak at its known phosphorylation sites, including tyr-576 and tyr-577, both of which are located in the activating loop within the catalytic domain" SIGNOR-147203 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Ala-tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:17732 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269543 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000614 28270795 f miannu "Foxo1 (when activated) stimulates the transcription of AgRP and NPY, but suppresses the transcription of POMC; thereby antagonizing the transcriptional action of STAT3 in these hypothalamic subpopulations." SIGNOR-263503 TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 SIGNOR-C298 16530042 t lperfetto "These results establish that TopBP1 can activate both Xenopus and human ATR. Furthermore, these experiments provide conclusive evidence that the kinase activity that is induced by TopBP1 is intrinsic to the ATR protein itself and is not due to a kinase that associates with ATR." SIGNOR-263232 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16547521 t miannu " KLHL12 recruits Dsh to Cullin-3 for protein degradation. In vitro ubiquitination of Dsh3 by KLHL12–Cullin-3–Roc1. The E3 ligase complex was obtained by transfection of HEK293T cells . We show that the BTB-containing protein KLHL12 negatively regulates Dsh function by recruiting a pool of Dsh to the Cullin-3 ligase scaffold, thereby promoting its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271619 HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256877 U50488 chemical CHEBI:73358 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258826 "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272190 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SNCG protein O76070 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser124 EVAEEAQsGGD -1 10852916 t "GRK-mediated phosphorylation inhibits synuclein's interaction with both phospholipids and PLD2. Mutation of Ser124 dramatically inhibits γ-synuclein phosphorylation by GRK2" SIGNOR-251204 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF32 protein Q9H0A6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271221 DCTPP1 protein Q9H773 UNIPROT "dCMP 3'-end residue" smallmolecule CHEBI:53119 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by expression" "chemical modification" 10116 31377845 t lperfetto "Our data indicate that DCTPP1 is crucially involved in the provision of dCMP for thymidylate biosynthesis, introducing a new player in the regulation of pyrimidine dNTP levels and the maintenance of genomic integrity" SIGNOR-261333 "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25195934 f miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270741 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT EEF1B2 protein P24534 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser106 DDIDLFGsDDEEESE -1 8547318 t llicata "EF-1 beta was highly phosphorylated by casein kinase II, with up to 1.3 mol of phosphate incorporated per mol protein. From microsequence analysis and manual Edman degradation, the majority of the phosphate was shown to be present in serine 106 in the peptide DLFGS106DDEEES112EEA. Serine 112 was also phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but to a lesser extent." SIGNOR-250987 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TPH2 protein Q8IWU9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser19 YWARRGFsLDSAVPE 9606 18339632 t llicata "We also demonstrate that phosphorylation of serine 19, a protein kinase a consensus site located in this n-terminal domain, results in increased tph2 stability and consequent increases in enzyme output in cell culture systems" SIGNOR-178018 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT protein Q5T7P8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr418 RLKKKKTtIKKNTLN 9606 BTO:0001277 16111671 t miannu "We found by site-directed mutagenesis that Thr418 and/or Thr419 in the polybasic region (KKKTTIK) of the C2B domain--a key region for the function of synaptotagmins--are the PKC target that regulates its inhibitory effect on acrosomal exocytosis. Similarly, we showed that Thr284 in the polybasic region of C2A (KCKLQTR) is the target for PKC-mediated phosphorylation in this domain." SIGNOR-273566 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 DNMIRRLsPAERAQG 10090 15060146 t miannu "Tel became phosphorylated by erk on two serine residues, ser213 and ser257, in the internal domain between the hlh and ets domains. Tel lost its abilities to repress transcription through the phosphorylation." SIGNOR-123656 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys344 NLEEVTMkQICKKVY 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272833 BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28912125 f miannu "The BLM gene product, BLM, is a RECQ helicase that is involved in DNA replication and repair of DNA double-strand breaks by the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. During HR, BLM has both pro- and anti-recombinogenic activities, either of which may contribute to maintenance of genomic integrity." SIGNOR-261824 MDH1 protein P40925 UNIPROT NAD(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57540 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-268099 ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256951 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT ALX4 protein Q9H161 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" binding 10090 BTO:0003952 11696550 t miannu "Alx4 Stably Interacts with LEF-1. LEF-1 enhances Alx4 binding to DNA, suggesting that both interaction with LEF-1 and DNA binding are required to mediate its effects on the N-CAM promoter." SIGNOR-254547 MUL1 protein Q969V5 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys284 LENLMLDkDGHIKIT 9606 BTO:0000007 22410793 t gcesareni "The results of the functional studies suggest that the degradation of Akt by MULAN suppresses cell proliferation and viability." SIGNOR-252437 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser626 SLECDMEsIIRSELM 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249687 FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT GRAP protein Q13588 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11997436 t gcesareni "Complex formation between grb2 and frs2_ is mediated by y196, y306, y349, and y392 of frs2_ (designated direct grb2-binding sites;ref. 1). In addition, frs2_ recruits grb2 indirectly by means of the protein tyrosine phosphatase shp2 by way of residues y436 and y471 (designated shp2-binding sites;ref. 2)." SIGNOR-87169 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 6153132 f lperfetto "The human and rat OT promoters could be stimulated by the ligand-activated estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, the thyroid hormone receptor THRapha, and the retinoic acid receptors RARalpha and RARbeta in a variety of cells (3, 477, 478). However, it is important to note that these results were obtained from cotransfection experiments in cell lines, i.e., under nonphysiological circumstances." SIGNOR-268546 WNT7B protein P56706 UNIPROT FZD10 protein Q9ULW2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 15923619 t gcesareni "Wnt7b can bind to fzd1 and -10 on the cell surface and cooperatively activate canonical wnt signaling" SIGNOR-137934 CRY2 protein Q49AN0 UNIPROT BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements. PER and CRY proteins form heterodimers and suppress the activity of the BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) completing the feedback loop." SIGNOR-267972 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16386358 f "Conversely, T-bet is capable of inhibiting GATA-3 (Szabo et al., 2000). The mutual inhibition between GATA-3 and T-bet ensures that Th1 and Th2 cells express one or the other molecule (T-bet in Th1, and GATA-3 in Th2), but not both" SIGNOR-254296 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" acetylation 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Bmp-induced non-smad erk signaling pathway cooperatively regulates osteoblast differentiation, in part, through increasing the stability and transcriptional activity of runx2 or increasing runx2 acetylation by p300." SIGNOR-195579 WNT10A protein Q9GZT5 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131619 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR NABP2 protein Q9BQ15 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25249620 t miannu "Here, we report that hSSB1 is the bona fide substrate for an Fbxl5-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase. Fbxl5 interacts with and targets hSSB1 for ubiquitination and degradation, which could be prevented by ATM-mediated hSSB1 T117 phosphorylation. " SIGNOR-272462 MRPS17 protein Q9Y2R5 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000934 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261453 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR GLYR1 protein Q49A26 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys338 VSDPKAAkDLVLGPS 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations." SIGNOR-272836 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 9606 24173284 t lperfetto "The N-terminus of E2F1 can interact directly with a region towards the C-terminus of p53, resulting in increased nuclear retention of p53 and p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. This is inhibited by competition between p53 and cyclin A at the binding site within E2F19,10. The interaction between p53 and E2F1 is enhanced by phosphorylation of p53 on Ser315, a residue within the E2F1 binding region that is phosphorylated by cell cycle kinases such as cdk1, cdk2, cdk9 and Aurora kinase A" SIGNOR-145311 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 AAAGPALsPVPPVVH 9606 19336399 t gcesareni "The protein's reduced antiapoptotic capacity was related to phosphorylation of its threonine 56 and serine 87 residues by virally activated p38mapk" SIGNOR-260450 CBX1 protein P83916 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264492 SMC2 protein O95347 UNIPROT "Condensin I" complex SIGNOR-C341 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263903 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser241 SKQARANsFVGTAQY -1 12177059 t miannu "PDK1 kinase activity is negatively regulated by binding to 14-3-3 through the PDK1 autophosphorylation site Ser-241. PDK1 binds to 14-3-3 in vivo and in vitro through the residues surrounding the autophosphorylation site Ser-241 and that the association is achieved only when Ser-241 has been phosphorylated" SIGNOR-250077 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252864 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Sec) smallmolecule CHEBI:29264 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269495 PP121 chemical CHEBI:50915 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252655 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272285 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257632 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 NCDLDQQsIVHIVQR 9606 BTO:0000007 22724072 t "PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and stimulates Parkin E3 ligase activity by phosphorylating Serine 65" SIGNOR-270345 HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000725 14701735 f irozzo "Here we demonstrate that MLL-ENL immortalizes cells mainly through inducing a reversible block on myeloid differentiation that is dependent on upregulation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 and that enforced expression of these two genes is sufficient to substitute for MLL-ENL function." SIGNOR-255864 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 19491292 f gcesareni "Nuclear pgc-1alpha and foxo3a respond in a reciprocal manner following aicar treatment." SIGNOR-186058 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr694 LAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ -1 11413148 t llicata "Ectopically expressed BTK kinase domain was capable of tyrosine-phosphorylating STAT5A both in vitro and in vivo. BTK-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of ectopically expressed wild type (but not Tyr(694) mutant) STAT5A enhanced its DNA binding activity." SIGNOR-250603 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT ATXN2 protein Q99700 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001279 28515487 f "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events in hFUS+/+; Smn+/− mice. As shown in Fig. 6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected in hFUS+/+ mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-262809 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051266 t lperfetto "The glycine cleavage system is a mitochondrial multienzyme system composed of four proteins termed P, H, T and L-protein, and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-H4folate), and reduced pyridine nucleotide." SIGNOR-268237 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser80 IERLRTHsIESSGKL 9606 BTO:0000007 11707464 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylated sek1 on serine 78." SIGNOR-236494 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT RAD18 protein Q9NS91 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser434 IQEVLSSsESDSCNS 9606 21098111 t llicata "Although the cdc7/rad18 interaction and phosphorylation at s434 are induced by dna damage, s434 was also observed to be phosphorylated basally" SIGNOR-170049 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254848 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259209 N-tert-butyl-3-[[5-methyl-2-[4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:91408 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258301 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000724 7882978 f irozzo "These observations indicate that continued late-stage expression of L-myc affected differentiation processes directly, rather than indirectly through deregulated growth control, whereas constitutive c-myc expression inhibited proliferative arrest, but did not appear to disturb differentiation." SIGNOR-259110 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12510059 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-269997 FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27096005 t areggio "Through study of FZD4 and its associated ligand Norrin, we report that a minimum of three residues distal to the KTXXXW motif in the C-terminal tail of Frizzled-4 are essential for DVL recruitment and robust Lef/Tcf-dependent transcriptional activation in response to Norrin." SIGNOR-258961 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser172 DQVQRRGsLPPRQVP 9606 BTO:0000007 20110267 t llicata "Phosphorylation of nadph oxidase activator 1 (noxa1) on serine 282 by map kinases and on serine 172 by protein kinase c and protein kinase a prevents nox1 hyperactivation." SIGNOR-163667 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271060 CDKN2C protein P42773 UNIPROT CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8891723 t miannu "The first group, including p16ink4a, p15ink4b,p18ink4cand p19ink4d, is specific for the g1 cdks,cdk4and cdk6, inhibiting the kinase activity of cyclin d/cdk4-cdk6 complexes on prb." SIGNOR-44601 "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000143 25195934 f miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270750 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr232 GGLPEVAtPESEEAF 9606 BTO:0004971 7816602 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the c-fos and c-jun hob1 motif stimulates its activation capacity here we show that the hob1-containing activation domain of c-fos is stimulated by ha-ras in vivo and phosphorylated by a map kinase family member in vitro and that mutating t232 to ala abolishes both functions." SIGNOR-235877 "alvocidib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:90998 ChEBI CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192464 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206412 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001412 31900833 t miannu "Inactivation of AMPK suppressed the expression of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in tumor cells. Compound C-induced AMPK suppression causes downregulation TET2 and FOXP3 expression, leading to death of parental and HQ-selected U937 cells. These results confirm the connection of AMPK with the TET2–FOXP3 axis in modulating the survival of AML cells and suggest that suppression of the AMPK–TET2–FOXP3 axis suppresses the progression of AML and HQ-induced malignant transformation of AML cells." SIGNOR-260097 FBXO4 protein Q9UKT5 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29142209 t miannu "Fbxo4-mediated degradation of Fxr1 suppresses tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomaThe Fbxo4 tumour suppressor is a component of an Skp1-Cul1-F-box E3 ligase for which two substrates are known. Here we show purification of SCFFbxo4 complexes results in the identification of fragile X protein family (FMRP, Fxr1 and Fxr2) as binding partners. Biochemical and functional analyses reveal that Fxr1 is a direct substrate of SCFFbxo4. " SIGNOR-272796 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR FXR1 protein P51114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 29142209 t miannu "Fbxo4-mediated degradation of Fxr1 suppresses tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomaThe Fbxo4 tumour suppressor is a component of an Skp1-Cul1-F-box E3 ligase for which two substrates are known. Here we show purification of SCFFbxo4 complexes results in the identification of fragile X protein family (FMRP, Fxr1 and Fxr2) as binding partners. Biochemical and functional analyses reveal that Fxr1 is a direct substrate of SCFFbxo4. " SIGNOR-272797 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FCGR2A protein P12318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr288 YETADGGyMTLNPRA -1 8756631 t lperfetto "To identify the FcgammaRII-phosphorylating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), we used the combination of an in vitro and an in vivo approach. In an in vitro assay using recombinant cytoplasmic tails of the different FcgammaRII isoforms as well as tyrosine exchange mutants, we show that each of the BCR-associated PTKs (Lyn, Blk, Fyn, and Syk) shows different phosphorylation patterns with regard to the different FcgammaR isoforms and point|Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of Fc_RIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addi-tion to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249336 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22492984 t gcesareni "Bim, and puma bind with high affinity to all pro-survival proteins" SIGNOR-196929 PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263347 AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT UBL4A protein P11441 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination Lys48 QRLLFKGkALADGKR 9606 BTO:0000007 24424410 t miannu "USP13 and gp78 control ubiquitination of Ubl4A.These data suggest that USP13 and gp78 play antagonizing roles in regulation of Ubl4A ubiquitination: While gp78 assembles ubiquitin chains on Ubl4A, USP13 antagonizes this activity to limit Ubl4A ubiquitination.Ubiquitination of Ubl4A preferentially occurs on Lys48. We identify the Bag6 cofactor Ubl4A as a shared substrate of gp78 and USP13. USP13 depletion is associated with hyper-ubiquitination of Ubl4A and altered interaction between the Bag6 complex and its co-chaperone SGTA. Because the interaction of Ubl4A with SGTA is mediated by positively-charged residues in Ubl4A including Lys48 (Chartron et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2012), which happens to be the major ubiquitination site, the simplest model to explain reduced Bag6-SGTA interaction in USP13 knockdown cells is that ubiquitin conjugates on Ubl4A sterically hinder SGTA binding." SIGNOR-272856 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT PGAM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF78 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 24786789 t miannu "Here we report that PGAM is acetylated at lysine 100 (K100), an active site residue that is invariably conserved from bacteria, to yeast, plant, and mammals. K100 acetylation is detected in fly, mouse, and human cells and in multiple tissues and decreases PGAM2 activity. The cytosolic protein deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylates and activates PGAM2." SIGNOR-266519 IL23A protein Q9NPF7 UNIPROT IL23R protein Q5VWK5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 12023369 t gcesareni "We identify a novel member of the hemopoietin receptor family as a subunit of the receptor for il-23, il-23r." SIGNOR-87805 creatine smallmolecule CHEBI:16919 ChEBI CKMT2 protein P17540 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265785 NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003324 27402866 t "Hippo pathway" Gianni "NF2 is activated by oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and mouse myocardium and facilitates apoptosis. NF2 promotes I/R injury through activation of Mst1 and inhibition of Yap, thereby regulating Hippo signaling in the adult heart." SIGNOR-261955 FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10116 9182757 t lperfetto "In this report, we demonstrate that FGF stimulation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel lipid anchored docking protein, termed FRS2, that forms a complex with Grb2/Sos, thus linking FGF-receptor activation to the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway." SIGNOR-242661 CRYAB protein P02511 UNIPROT CRYGC protein P07315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20621668 t miannu "Human gamma-crystallins are long-lived, unusually stable proteins of the eye lens exhibiting duplicated, double Greek key domains. The lens also contains high concentrations of the small heat shock chaperone alpha-crystallin, which suppresses aggregation of model substrates in vitro. Mature-onset cataract is believed to represent an aggregated state of partially unfolded and covalently damaged crystallins. The alphaB-crystallin oligomers formed long-lived stable complexes with their gammaD-crystallin substrates. These in vitro results provide support for protein unfolding/protein aggregation models for cataract, with alpha-crystallin suppressing aggregation of damaged or unfolded proteins through early adulthood but becoming saturated with advancing age." SIGNOR-253622 PKI-402 chemical CID:44187953 PUBCHEM PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206253 "Certolizumab (Cimzia)" antibody DB08904 DRUGBANK TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 32207094 t "Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia®) is a PEGylated, Fab'-only, recombinant humanized antibody against TNF-α. " SIGNOR-272492 WNT2 protein P09544 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131730 PJA2 protein O43164 UNIPROT PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21423175 t miannu "Praja2 controls the stability of PKA regulatory subunits. Praja2 ubiquitylates RIIα/β subunits. Subunits" SIGNOR-271855 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT RBM17 protein Q96I25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 EEQDRPRsPTGPSNS 9534 BTO:0001538 23519612 t miannu "In this work, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) phosphorylates SPF45 on eight serine residues." SIGNOR-262707 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f lperfetto "Tgf-b caused a 50% reduction of cbfa1 mrna." SIGNOR-235998 UBE2S protein Q16763 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19822757 t lperfetto "Here, we identify the highly conserved Ube2S as a regulator of human and Drosophila APC/C. Ube2S functions as a K11-specific chain elongating E2 of APC/C, which depends on chain initiation by UbcH10. Together, UbcH10 and Ube2S are required for the degradation of all APC/C substrates tested so far, spindle formation, and progression of cells through mitosis." SIGNOR-265080 RPS9 protein P46781 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262415 STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR Mob1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF42 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t miannu "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-256185 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT LDHA protein P00338 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr83 KIVSGKDyNVTANSK 9606 21969607 t gcesareni "We found that the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase fgfr1 directly phosphorylates ldh-a. Phosphorylation at y10 and y83 enhances ldh-a activity by enhancing the formation of active, tetrameric ldh-a and the binding of ldh-a substrate nadh, respectively." SIGNOR-176734 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT2 protein P09544 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242724 CPT1C protein Q8TCG5 UNIPROT (R)-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:16347 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267122 L-serine chemical CHEBI:17115 ChEBI PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 23064226 t "inferred from family member" "We show that serine can bind to and activate human PKM2, and that PKM2 activity in cells is reduced in response to serine deprivation." SIGNOR-270286 MDGA2 protein Q7Z553 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26206665 f miannu "Enhanced protein expression of p53 and p21 by MDGA2 was confirmed in MDGA2 overexpressed cells and xenograft tumours." SIGNOR-264242 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257648 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MEX3A protein A1L020 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271137 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23673366 f gcesareni "Taz induces bmp4 transcription through the tead family of transcription factors, which mediate bmp4 promoter activation through binding to tead response element 1 (tre1)." SIGNOR-202049 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT WBP2 protein Q969T9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr231 AEAAASAyYNPGNPH 9606 BTO:0000093 21642474 t miannu "Using dominant-negative, constitutively active mutants, RNAi, and pharmacological studies, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of WBP2 at Tyr192 and Tyr231 could be regulated by c-Src and c-Yes kinases.We further showed that abrogating WBP2 phosphorylation impaired >60% of ERα reporter activity, putatively by blocking nuclear entry of WBP2 and its interaction with ERα." SIGNOR-273568 HOXB2 protein P14652 UNIPROT OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000946 9556594 t Luana "Transactivation of the mouse OTX2 Luc constructs by the human HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 proteins. | Likewise, the construct pOTX2LucΔ−710 showed an 8-, 12-, and 6-fold increase in transcriptional activity if co-transfected with pSG-HOXB1, -HOXB2, and -HOXB3, respectively" SIGNOR-261634 CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser174 TPAVPPVsEDEDDDD 19520772 t lperfetto "CDK11p58 phosphorylation of PAK1 Ser174 promotes DLC2 binding and roles on cell cycle progression|We show that PAK1 is a substrate of CDK11p58 and can be strongly activated upon phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273026 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT SFTPD protein P35247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001910 11912209 t "Cotransfection of C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta, or C/EBPdelta cDNA in H441 lung adenocarcinoma cells significantly increased the luciferase activity of a wild-type SP-D promoter construct containing 698 bp of upstream sequence (SS698). Transfection of C/EBP also increased the level of endogenous SP-D mRNA in H441 cells| Thus, interactions among C/EBP elements in the near-distal promoter can modulate the promoter activity of SP-D." SIGNOR-254042 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser795 VPPARPGsRGPAPGP -1 10766777 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of dynamin I on Ser-795 by protein kinase C blocks its association with phospholipids." SIGNOR-249039 FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 15199141 t lperfetto "FANCD2-Ub then promotes BRCA2 loading into a chromatin complex." SIGNOR-263253 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser649 VPPSPSLsRHSSPHQ -1 2117608 t llicata "With all four peptides, prior phosphorylation significantly stimulated phosphorylation by casein kinase I. From these results, we propose that there are substrates for casein kinase I for which prior phosphorylation is a critical determinant of protein kinase action." SIGNOR-250880 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT AATF protein Q9NY61 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser189 EGDDAEDsQGESEED 9606 BTO:0001109 17157788 t lperfetto "The checkpoint kinases ATM/ATR and Chk2 interact with Che-1 and promote its phosphorylation and accumulation in response to DNA damage. These Che-1 modifications induce a specific recruitment of Che-1 on the TP53 and p21 promoters. |DNA damage stabilizes Che-1 protein|In addition, substitution of Che-1 Ser187 with an alanine (Che-1S187A) prevented Che-1 phosphorylation by ATM (Figure 2F), supporting this residue as an ATM-target site." SIGNOR-264415 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT DSP protein P15924 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2849 RSGSRRGsFDATGNS 9606 BTO:0000567 7525582 t miannu "HeLa cells treated with forskolin indicated that stimulation of protein kinase A in transfected cells could decrease the interaction of DP.AN.SerC23 with keratin IF networks. phosphorylation of Ser-C23 could destabilize interactions that occur either directly through this 20 residue sequence or that are dependent on its correct conformation" SIGNOR-250353 NOX5 protein Q96PH1 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264718 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 19759537 t lperfetto "Together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TNKS promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of axin, which may be mediated, at least in part, through the direct PARsylation of axin." SIGNOR-263379 lipopolysaccharide smallmolecule CHEBI:16412 ChEBI TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 9851930 t "The mammalian Tlr4 protein has been adapted primarily to subserve the recognition of LPS and presumably transduces the LPS signal across the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-252075 PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 21746878 t miannu "We show that the Pbx1 and Meis2 homeodomain proteins interact with Klf4 and can be recruited to DNA elements comprising a Klf4 site or G C box, with adjacent Meis and Pbx sites. Meis2d and Pbx1a activate expression of p15(Ink4a) and E-cadherin, dependent on the Meis2d transcriptional activation domain. We suggest a model in which genes with Klf4 sites can be cooperatively activated by Meis2/Pbx1 and Klf4, dependent primarily on recruitment by Klf4." SIGNOR-267241 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TAGLN2 protein P37802 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser145 ARDDGLFsGDPNWFP 9606 BTO:0003491 30041673 t lperfetto "ERK2 interacted with 29-31 amino acids of transgelin-2 and subsequently phosphorylated the S145 residue of transgelin-2. S145 phosphorylation of transgelin-2 played important roles in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis of PDAC.| We found that the protein stability of transgelin-2 was regulated by KRAS. ERK-mediated phosphorylation resulted in accumulation of transgelin-2 protein." SIGNOR-265221 ARID5B protein Q14865 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29326336 f miannu "ARID5B transcriptionally activates the oncogene MYC in T-ALL cells" SIGNOR-256156 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIA3 protein P42263 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 30825796 t miannu "In the mammalian brain the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission is carried out by Œ±-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors located within the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses" SIGNOR-264610 "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25016522 f miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270858 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser518 DTDMKRLsMEIEKEK 9606 18071304 t lperfetto "When serine 518 is dephosphorylated by the myosin phosphatase mypt-1-pp1?, The tumor suppressor function of merlin is activated, inhibiting the ras signaling pathway and leading to growth arrest" SIGNOR-159836 dabrafenib chemical CHEBI:75045 ChEBI NEK11 protein Q8NG66 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24720932 t miannu "Dabrafenib is known to inhibit V600E, V600K and V600D BRAF enzymes with in vitro IC50 values of 0.65, 0.5 and 1.84 nM, respectively. Dabrafenib can inhibit wild-type BRAF and CRAF kinases with IC50 values of 3.2 and 5.0 nM. Other kinases (SIK1, NEK111 and LIMK1) can be inhibited by dabrafenib when administered in high concentrations" SIGNOR-259217 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser376 LKSKKGQsTSRHKKL 9606 9315650 t llicata "The cdk7-cych-p36 complex of transcription factor iih phosphorylates p53, enhancing its sequence-specific dna binding activity in vitro. serines 371, 376, 378, and 392 may be the potential sites for this kinase." SIGNOR-51284 MRPL44 protein Q9H9J2 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262352 FBXO9 protein Q9UK97 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23263282 t miannu "Here we report that Tel2 and Tti1 are targeted for degradation within mTORC1 by the SCFFbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mTOR signalling to growth factor availability. The interaction between Tel2/Tti1 and Fbxo9 identified by mass spectrometry suggests that SCFFbxo9 is probably the ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of both proteins." SIGNOR-271998 ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 27426034 f miannu "Our study demonstrates that ANXA1 can be phosphorylated by PKC and is subsequently translocated to the nucleus of BV-2 microglial cells after OGD/R, resulting in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. we set out to examine the relationship between the different subcellular distributions of ANXA1 and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. When BV-2 microglial cells were transfected with ANXA1-S27A constructs following by OGD/R treatment, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were found to be expressed at lower levels than those of control groups" SIGNOR-261939 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SAT1 protein P21673 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 8954982 t llicata "Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates recombinant human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase on both serine and threonine residues. | suggesting that the Ser-phosphorylated residues are located in the C-terminus of the protein, probably Ser 146 and 149." SIGNOR-250951 CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9028317 f gcesareni "We show that the amount of jak2 physically associated with gm-csfr beta chain is increased after gm-csf stimulation and that gm-csf triggers both beta chain and jak2 tyrosine phosphorylation" SIGNOR-46334 TAF2 protein Q6P1X5 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269574 tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264757 BAG1 protein Q99933 UNIPROT STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 11676916 t miannu "BAG-1 stimulates CHIP-induced degradation of the glucocorticoid hormone receptor (GR). A model for the cooperation of CHIP and BAG-1 in coupling Hsc/Hsp70 to the ubiquitin/proteasome system. CHIP associates with Hsc/Hsp70 via its TPR chaperone adaptor (TPR) and, at the same time, recruits E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the Ubc4/5 family to the chaperone complex. BAG-1 binds to Hsp70 via its BAG domain (BAG) and utilizes its ubiquitin-like domain (ubl) for proteasomal association" SIGNOR-272587 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-269989 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT SH2B1 protein Q9NRF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 27154742 t lperfetto "The SH2B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) is a key regulator of leptin, as it enhances leptin signalling by both stimulating Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) activity and assembling a JAK2/IRS1/2 signalling complex" SIGNOR-253077 GRM6 protein O15303 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264084 RFNG protein Q9Y644 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 12486116 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that egf 12, a portion of the ligand-binding site, is modified with o-fucose and that this site is evolutionarily conserved. We also show that endogenous fringe proteins in chinese hamster ovary cells (lunatic fringe and radical fringe) as well as exogenous manic fringe modify o-fucose on many but not all egf repeats of mouse notch1." SIGNOR-96561 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 17386267 t gcesareni "These data are consistent with phlpp terminating akt signaling by directly dephosphorylating and inactivating akt / phlpp1 specifically modulates the phosphorylation of hdm2 and gsk-3alpha through akt2, whereas phlpp2 specifically modulates the phosphorylation of p27 through akt3" SIGNOR-153935 piroxicam chemical CHEBI:8249 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9083488 t miannu "Meloxicam (5),an NSAID in the enol−carboxamide class, was developed on the basis of its antiinflammatory activity and relative safety in animal models. This favorable therapeutic index has been confirmed in clinical trials. In subsequent studies we and others discovered that it possessed a selectivity profile for COX-2 superior to several other marketed NSAIDs.1 A comparison of 5 with piroxicam (6) revealed different inhibitory profiles for the two enzymes" SIGNOR-258608 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT STRADA protein Q7RTN6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr329 GLSDSLTtSTPRPSN 9606 BTO:0000007 12805220 t lperfetto "Endogenous LKB1 and STRAD form a complex in which STRAD activates LKB1, resulting in phosphorylation of both partners.LKB1 phosphorylates STRAD at Thr329 and Thr419" SIGNOR-261950 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr850 EAKRMKLtFSEAIRN -1 10366608 t lperfetto "In addition, we identified threonine 830 as a potential PKC phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-249017 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257635 ALDH5A1 protein P51649 UNIPROT succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19300440 t miannu "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) is involved in the final degradation step of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid by converting succinic semialdehyde to succinic acid in the mitochondrial matrix." SIGNOR-266617 CBX7 protein O95931 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000196 19706751 f miannu "We confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation that CBX7 physically interacts with the HDAC2 protein and is able to inhibit its activity. Then, we showed that both these proteins bind the E-cadherin promoter and that CBX7 up-regulates E-cadherin expression." SIGNOR-253767 CDKAL1 protein Q5VV42 UNIPROT tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29185 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21841312 t "We show that Cdkal1 is a mammalian methylthiotransferase that biosynthesizes 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2t6A) in tRNA(Lys)(UUU) and that it is required for the accurate translation of AAA and AAG codons" SIGNOR-272474 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PPP2R5D protein Q14738 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser573 KVLLRRKsELPQDVY 9606 17301223 t gcesareni "Protein kinase a activates protein phosphatase 2a by phosphorylation of the b56delta subunit." SIGNOR-153218 DICER1 protein Q9UPY3 UNIPROT DICER1/hAgo2/PRKRA complex SIGNOR-C41 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23661684 t miannu SIGNOR-143105 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT ZNF365 protein Q70YC5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23776040 t "Here, analysis of p53-regulated genes activated in the setting of telomere dysfunction identified Zfp365 (ZNF365 in humans) as a direct p53 target that promotes genome stability| Our study identified ZNF365 as a necessary target whose activation by p53 in the presence of critically short telomeres contributes to genomic stability. We provide evidence that loss of ZNF365 leads to increased expression of CFS and dysfunctional telomeres, aberrant sister telomere recombination, and increased aneuploidy" SIGNOR-272476 APLNR protein P35414 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256960 GOPC protein Q9HD26 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11707463 t miannu "Cal binds to cftr / cal affects insertion of cftr to the plasma membrane as well as its half-life in the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-111671 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK 9606 8939605 t lperfetto "Here, we report the identification of two major and novel Shc tyrosine phosphorylation sites, Y239 and Y240. Y239/240 are co-ordinately phosphorylated by the src protein-tyrosine kinase in vitro, and in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation or in v-src-transformed cells in vivo. phosphorylation of y317 has been implicated in grb2 binding and activation of the ras pathway." SIGNOR-44866 PPM1F protein P49593 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000093 20016286 t gcesareni "Pop x2, a pp 2c serine/threonine phosphatase, is known to dephosphorylate pak and downregulate its activity." SIGNOR-162149 sulindac chemical CHEBI:9352 ChEBI RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001109 20541701 t Luana "NSAID Sulindac and Its Analogs Bind RXRα and Inhibit RXRα-dependent AKT Signaling" SIGNOR-257847 AKAP8L protein Q9ULX6 UNIPROT DHX9 protein Q08211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11402034 t miannu "We report evidence for a novel nuclear export signal in HAP95 and showed that the domains involved in RHA binding and nuclear localization are required for CTE activation. Finally, we showed that HAP95 synergizes significantly with RHA on CTE-mediated reporter gene expression and promotes nuclear export of unspliced mRNA in transfected cells. Taken together, these data support the proposal that HAP95 specifically facilitates CTE-mediated gene expression by directly binding to RHA." SIGNOR-260950 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MYLIP protein Q8WY64 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271127 TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT CRABP2 protein P29373 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002828 17187826 f miannu "Comparative cDNA microarray hybridization identified a set of genes induced by overexpression of AP2alpha and AP2gamma in HMECs. The up-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABPII), EST-1, and ECM1 was induced by overexpression of AP2alpha, AP2gamma, or a chimeric AP2 factor in which the activation domain of AP2alpha was replaced by the activation domain of herpesvirus VP16." SIGNOR-255400 BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR histamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18295 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 23805129 t lperfetto "The multidrug transporter MRP4, a multidrug resistance protein, is found on platelet dense granules and is proposed to transport adenine nucleotides into these granules (Jedlitschky et al., 2004). Uptake of serotonin from platelet cytosol into dense granules is mediated by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). |VMAT2 also appears to mediate histamine transport into dense granules" SIGNOR-265998 "cyclosporin A" chemical CHEBI:4031 ChEBI PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-127228 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24145166 t miannu "Here we show that RhoBTB3, a Golgi-associated, Rho-related ATPase, regulates the S/G2 transition of the cell cycle by targeting cyclin E for ubiquitylation. Depletion of RhoBTB3 arrested cells in S phase, triggered Golgi fragmentation, and elevated cyclin E levels. On the Golgi, RhoBTB3 bound cyclin E as part of a Cullin3 (CUL3)-dependent RING-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex comprised of RhoBTB3, CUL3, and RBX1." SIGNOR-272133 FBXO8 protein Q9NRD0 UNIPROT GSTP1 protein P09211 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000675 31024008 t miannu "Here, we show that loss of FBX8 accelerates chemical-induced colon tumorigenesis. FBX8 directly targets GSTP1 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation in CRC." SIGNOR-272304 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 KRRLRKNsSRDSGRG 9606 17053147 t gcesareni "Both akt and p70(s6k) phosphorylate pdcd4, allowing for binding of the e3-ubiquitin ligase beta-trcp and consequently ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-252496 APOE protein P02649 UNIPROT SORL1 protein Q92673 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 11557679 t gcesareni "Lr11 binds the apolipoprotein e (apoe)-rich lipoproteins, beta-very low density lipoproteins (vldls), with a high affinity similar to that of other members, such as the ldlr and vldl receptor.Incubation For 48 hours with beta-vldl of lr11-overexpressing cells, but not of control cells, promotes the appearance of numerous intracellular lipid droplets." SIGNOR-110555 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT STIM1 protein Q13586 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser668 IGEETDSsPGRKKFP 9606 19881501 t gcesareni "Stim1 is phosphorylated during mitosis. Removal of ten mpm-2 recognition sites by truncation at amino acid 482 abolished mpm-2 recognition of mitotic stim1, and significantly rescued stim1 rearrangement and soce response in mitosis. We identified ser 486 and ser 668 as mitosis-specific phosphorylation sites, and stim1 containing mutations of these sites to alanine also significantly rescued mitotic soce." SIGNOR-189017 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 9625767 t "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "Il-1 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of signaling events, including activation of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 map kinase, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab" SIGNOR-269883 ME1 protein P48163 UNIPROT pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33064660 t miannu "Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP." SIGNOR-267723 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 BTO:0000007 16582879 t "Binding of insulin to the IR results in autophosphorylation of each beta‐subunit on at least six different tyrosines. This autophosphorylation occurs first on three tyrosines located in the activation loop of the kinase domain (Y1158, 1162 and 1163), resulting in the stabilization of the kinase in an active conformation.|Termination of the signal involves inactivation of the IR by dephosphorylation of the three tyrosines of the kinase domain (Tonks, 2003). PTP1B is a protein tyrosine phosphatase located in the endoplasmic reticulum that has an important role in the dephosphorylation of these tyrosines after internalization of the IR" SIGNOR-248408 GMPS protein P49915 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 6698284 t miannu "The de novo synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) involves the oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) followed by amination to GMP. This latter reaction is catalyzed by GMP synthetase. (XMP: I.-glutamine amidoligase (AMP) EC 6.3.5.2)." SIGNOR-267340 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20570526 t Luana "Sunitinib [inhibits KDR, PDGFR2, PDGFRβ, c-KIT and FLT3; approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors]," SIGNOR-257850 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT APLP2 protein Q06481 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr736 VEVDPMLtPEERHLN 9606 BTO:0000142 9109675 t lperfetto "A cytoplasmic domain peptide from aplp2 is phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase c and cdc2 kinase. Aplp2 is phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase at a site homologous to the cdc2 kinase site phosphorylated in app." SIGNOR-47483 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 10090 BTO:0002572 10988287 t amattioni "The temporal pattern of caspase-8 cleavage is consistent with the possibility that it may function upstream of caspase-3 during p53-dependent apoptosis." SIGNOR-81808 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr261 LVDSIAKtRDAGCRP -1 9162092 t "Ser221 and, to a lesser extent, Thr225 in MKK4 as necessary sites for basal and MEKK-induced autophosphorylation and activation of MKK4." SIGNOR-251421 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268714 (2R)-1-[[4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-5-methyl-6-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazinyl]oxy]-2-propanol chemical CHEBI:94562 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258091 "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35 Three different subunits have been identified in humans: PFK-M (muscle), PFK-L (liver), and PFK-P (platelet).The subunits are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and, in erythrocytes, 5 isoenzymes of varying subunit composition (M4, M3L1, M2L2, ML3, and L4) can be identified." SIGNOR-266464 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HCN4 protein Q9Y3Q4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr531 RRQYQEKyKQVEQYM 9606 17977941 t fspada "These results demonstrate that src tyrosine kinase enhances hcn4 currents by shifting their activation to more positive potentials and increasing the whole cell channel conductance as well as speeding the channel kinetics. The tyrosine residue that mediates most of src s actions on hcn4 channels is tyr531." SIGNOR-158707 ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002883 16828711 f miannu "Forced expression of TEL stimulated transcription via the p53-responsive element and increased the expression of cellular target genes for p53 such as cell cycle regulator p21 and apoptosis inducer Puma." SIGNOR-254138 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr325 TELEPLCtPVVTCTP 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "We have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity. ERK2 phosphorylated c-Fos TADs that included Thr- 325, Thr-331, or Ser-374 as unique phospho-acceptor sites, thus indicating that these residues can serve as in vitro targets for the enzymatic activity of ERK2." SIGNOR-236010 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADORA1 protein P30542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 14662005 t Luana "Adenosine is a physiological nucleoside which acts as an autocoid and activates G protein-coupled membrane receptors, designated A1, A2A, A2B and A3." SIGNOR-268419 ODAD4 protein Q96NG3 UNIPROT Cilium_movement phenotype SIGNOR-PH171 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 27486780 f miannu "Our results in mice suggest that TTC25 plays an essential role in the correct function of motile cilia at the ventral node and is therefore important for the development of left-right body asymmetry." SIGNOR-265548 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr331 CTPVVTCtPSCTAYT 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "We have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity. ERK2 phosphorylated c-Fos TADs that included Thr- 325, Thr-331, or Ser-374 as unique phospho-acceptor sites, thus indicating that these residues can serve as in vitro targets for the enzymatic activity of ERK2." SIGNOR-236014 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 BTO:0000093 10581258 t lperfetto "P38 regulates p53, but also in p53-defective tumor cells rewire their checkpoint response and become dependent in the p38/mk2 pathway in mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-72695 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257663 KRN-633 chemical CID:9549295 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193588 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT PARD3 protein Q8TEW0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser873 VDDQKAGsPSRDVGP 9606 22883624 t gcesareni "Gab1 brings par1 and par3 into a transient complex, stimulating par3 phosphorylation by par1" SIGNOR-198742 AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 32527803 f "inferred from family member" Luana "AMPAR surface diffusion tunes short-term plasticity. | Accordingly, recent studies have suggested that about half of synaptic AMPARs are organized in nanoclusters that are aligned with presynaptic transmitter release sites, supporting the concept of functional nanocolumns to increase the fidelity of fast excitatory transmission. This peculiar organization might also support the proposal that we made 10 years ago that fast surface diffusion of AMPARs tunes frequency-dependent short-term plasticity (FD-STP) by allowing the fast replacement of desensitized receptors by na√Øve ones." SIGNOR-270304 IFNW1 protein P05000 UNIPROT IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11278538 t miannu "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-260336 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14993270 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Activated erk can phosphorylate t292 in the prs, and this blocks the ability of pak to phosphorylate s298 and of rac-pak signaling to enhance mek1-erk complex formation." SIGNOR-270086 maraviroc chemical CHEBI:63608 ChEBI CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194248 (2R)-1-[[4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-5-methyl-6-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazinyl]oxy]-2-propanol chemical CHEBI:94562 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190708 LONP1 protein P36776 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 10116 BTO:0000542 17579211 t lperfetto "Turnover of mitochondrial steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein by Lon protease: the unexpected effect of proteasome inhibitors" SIGNOR-265726 ATP13A1 protein Q9HD20 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0004093 29650961 f doi.org/10.1101/185272 francesca "Loss of ATP13A3 led to marked inhibition of serum-stimulated proliferation of BOECs, and increased apoptosis in serum-deprived conditions" SIGNOR-261217 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser275 LSAFRRTsLAGGGRR 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163768 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10116 BTO:0001130 7687739 t lperfetto "The FGF-R2(IIIb) isoform displays high affinity for stromal cell-derived FGF-7, whereas the FGF-R2(IIIc) isoform does not recognize FGF-7 but has high affinity for the FGF-2 member of the FGF ligand family" SIGNOR-236033 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT PGAM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF78 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000130 12189148 t "inferred from family member" llicata "Activated pak1 inhibits glycolysis by association of its catalytic domain with pgam-b and subsequent phosphorylation of the enzyme on serine residues 23 and 118, thereby abolishing pgam activity." SIGNOR-270282 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 KELEKRAsGQAFELI 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 8125092 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of either serine 16 or 63 is sufficient to inhibit stathmin in vitro. Phosphorylation at ser-63 reduces tubulin binding 10-fold and suppresses the mt polymerization inhibition activity." SIGNOR-36370 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT SP1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C74 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19723038 t miannu "Sp1 and stat3 seem to synergistically augment renalase transcription." SIGNOR-187793 THPO protein P40225 UNIPROT MPL protein P40238 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11784712 t miannu "Thrombopoietin(tpo) controls the formation of megakaryocytes and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells via activation of the c-mplreceptorand multiple downstream signal transduction pathways." SIGNOR-113955 3-[[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]anilino]-phenylmethylidene]-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxo-1H-indole-6-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91423 ChEBI MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190374 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23038772 f gcesareni "Myf6 (mrf4) is repressed by hyap1 s127a overexpression." SIGNOR-199075 "perfluorooctanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:35549 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000150 35370244 t miannu "Detailed in vitro studies on the effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have demonstrated that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a key process by which PFOA affects the malignancy of estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-268753 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr332 ILAIHDSyKPEFHSD 10029 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248418 FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t areggio "Upon ligand binding, DVL proteins are recruited to Frizzled receptors at the plasma membrane and co-recruit cytoplasmic transducers, such as Axin, CK1 and GSK3 binding protein (GBP), presumably along with their partners, to promote ?-catenin-dependent signalling. " SIGNOR-258963 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 "BTO:0003009; BTO:0000018" 22549160 f irozzo "The small GTPase Rac1 regulates many cellular processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, proliferation, and survival. We found that silencing of Rac1 expression decreases NSCLC migration and proliferation [.]" SIGNOR-259088 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT "IPP complex" complex SIGNOR-C380 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16493410 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin form a ternary complex (the IPP complex) that binds to ECM-ligated integrins. This complex regulates signalling pathways and connects the ECM with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-265762 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr306 LKGAILTtMLATRNF 9606 1324926 t lperfetto "After removal of ca2+/calmodulin, the autonomous kinase undergoes a burst of inhibitory autophosphorylation at sites distinct from the autonomy site. Ca(2+)-independent autophosphorylation occurs within the calmodulin binding domain at thr305, thr306, and ser314" SIGNOR-17316 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TENT2 protein Q6PIY7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser116 LSGERRYsMPPLFHT 9606 31057087 t miannu "We found that Gld2 activity is regulated by site-specific phosphorylation in its disordered N-terminal domain. We identified two phosphorylation sites (S62, S110) where phosphomimetic substitutions increased Gld2 activity and one site (S116) that markedly reduced activity. Using mass spectrometry, we confirmed that HEK 293 cells readily phosphorylate the N-terminus of Gld2. We identified protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase B (Akt1) as the kinases that site-specifically phosphorylate Gld2 at S116, abolishing Gld2-mediated nucleotide addition." SIGNOR-259402 NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262074 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21070963 t gcesareni "Activation of the eukaryotic replicative dna helicase, the mcm2-7 complex, requires phosphorylation by cdc7/dbf4 (dbf4-dependent kinase or ddk), which, in turn, depends on prior phosphorylation of mcm2-7 by an unknown kinase (or kinases).we propose that the resulting mec1 modification of mcm4 and mcm6 further activates ddk phosphorylation of mcm2-7 ( fig. 7aii )." SIGNOR-169453 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 18678706 t lperfetto "During myoblast differentiation, the promyogenic cell surface receptor cdo binds to the p38alpha/beta pathway scaffold protein jlp and, via jlp, p38alpha/beta itself" SIGNOR-179867 SNIP1 protein Q8TAD8 UNIPROT CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 10887155 t lperfetto "In this study, we characterize a novel nuclear protein, termed snip1 its principal mechanism of action appears to be through transcription by binding to cbp/p300 and interfering with the ability of these coactivators to interact with smad4" SIGNOR-217661 DCAF11 protein Q8TEB1 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31409866 t miannu "(WDR23) isoforms differentially ubiquitinate (GEN1). In the presence of the necessary components for a successful ubiquitination reaction (CUL4A-DDB1-WDR23 complex, UBE1, UBE2D1, ubiquitin, and ATP) GEN1 receives the addition of ubiquitin in a time dependent manner." SIGNOR-272262 malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI CPT1A protein P50416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267114 "MLL Fusion" "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP14 SIGNOR MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" methylation 10090 BTO:0001271 22553314 t miannu "We hypothesize, based on our ChIP data, that MLL-AF9 up-regulates EVI1 transcription via H3K79 methylation, which is known to be a major gene regulatory mechanism used by some MLL-fusion proteins in leukemia." SIGNOR-260107 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT CDK11B protein P21127 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr595 GSPLKAYtPVVVTLW 9606 BTO:0000567 16327805 t gcesareni "We conclude that CDK7 phsphorylates Cdk11, dependent on the conserved Thr219 residue in the CDK11 T loop, and it is therefore likely to be a genuine Cdk11 activating kinase" SIGNOR-245871 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16386358 f "T-bet is a transcription factor detected in Th1, but not in Th0 or Th2 cells. Its expression is up-regulated by IFN-gamma, through a STAT-1-dependent mechanism" SIGNOR-254293 "Camostat mesylate" chemical CID:5284360 PUBCHEM TMPRSS2 protein O15393 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 32142651 t Monia "Ndeed, the clinically proven serine protease inhibitor camostat mesylate, which is active against TMPRSS2 (Kawase et al., 2012), partially blocked SARS-2-S-driven entry into Caco-2 (Figure S3 B) and Vero-TMPRSS2 cells, efficiently blocked 2019-nCoV-S-driven entry into Caco-2 (TMPRSS2+) but not 293T (TMPRSS2- 110 ) cells while the CatB/L inhibitor E64d had the opposite effect" SIGNOR-261098 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr432 MAALEKDyEEVGIDS 9606 BTO:0000776 9490415 t lperfetto "Syk, Activated by Cross-linking the B-cell Antigen Receptor, Localizes to the Cytosol Where It Interacts with and Phosphorylates alpha-Tubulin on Tyrosine" SIGNOR-246626 "prostaglandin H2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57405 ChEBI "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 10922363 t Luana "Importantly, this enzyme is capable of converting COX-1-, but not COX-2-, derived PGH2 to PGE2 efficiently." SIGNOR-269765 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT STAT2 protein P52630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr690 NLQERRKyLKHRLIV -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254728 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1323 ALAPRSVsLKDKGRF -1 11306676 t lperfetto "These results indicate that PKC can directly phosphorylate S1303 and S1323 in the NR2B C terminus, leading to enhanced currents through NMDA receptor channels." SIGNOR-249088 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser270 SVRMLSGsKEKDRNL 9606 BTO:0000671 10908300 t gcesareni "The decrease in mu-opioid receptor activity after chronic agonist exposure (1 microm [d-ala(2),n-mephe(4),gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin) is largely due to kinase-mediated phosphorylation of intracellular receptor domains. We have recently shown that the substitution of two putative ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii (camk ii) phosphorylation sites, s261 and s266, by alanines in the third intracellular loop of the rat mu-opioid receptor (rmor1) confers resistance to camk ii-induced receptor desensitization." SIGNOR-79682 "Non-erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C385 SIGNOR Cell_shape phenotype SIGNOR-PH182 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24302288 f lperfetto "Spectrin is a large, cytoskeletal, and heterodimeric protein composed of modular structure of alpha and beta subunits, it typically contains 106 contiguous amino acid sequence motifs called “spectrin repeats”. Spectrin is crucial for maintaining the stability and structure of the cell membrane and the shape of a cell" SIGNOR-266033 S100A8 protein P05109 UNIPROT AGER protein Q15109 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 28137827 t miannu "RAGE and TLR4 are well-characterized S100A8 and S100A9 receptors and expressed in AML cells Once secreted, S100A8 and S100A9 induce immune and inflammatory responses9 through interaction with receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE), and CD33" SIGNOR-261919 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 22337874 t lperfetto "The E3 ubiquitin ligase, MDM2, uses a dual-site mechanism to ubiquitinate and degrade the tumor suppressor protein p53, involving interactions with the N-terminal hydrophobic pocket and the acidic domain of MDM2." SIGNOR-196116 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT H2BC21 protein Q16778 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261660 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002895 19530226 t gcesareni "Together, these results indicate that the Met gene is a direct target of NFkappaB and that Met participates in NFkappaB-mediated cell survival." SIGNOR-241929 mepyramine chemical CHEBI:6762 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7925364 t miannu "The human H1-receptor cDNA was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) via an eukaryotic expression vector; the receptor protein present on cell membranes specifically bound [3H]mepyramine with a Kd of 3.7 nM. The binding was displaced by H1-histamine-receptor antagonists and histamine. Affinity of histamine and selected histamine antagonists for human H, receptors expressed in CHO cells (CHO H,-30) and a comparison with HI receptors found in guinea pig cerebellum." SIGNOR-258748 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr220 QSNYIPEtPPPGYIS 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "SCP1 Dephosphorylates Smad2/3 in the Linkers|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248794 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10903733 f "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates the p38 mapk" SIGNOR-269917 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1619 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269382 8-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one chemical CHEBI:93369 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258541 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT TGFB1I1 protein O43294 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr60 SGDKDHLySTVCKPR 9534 10838081 t miannu "Hic-5 is a CAKbeta-binding protein localized at focal adhesions. Here we show that overexpression of CAKbeta or Fyn, but not FAK, enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation of coexpressed Hic-5 in COS-7 cells. The Y60F mutant of Hic-5 was not phosphorylated, and Hic-5 phosphorylated on tyrosine 60 was bound specifically to the SH2 domain of Csk. Specific phosphorylation of Hic-5 by CAKbeta and Fyn may activate a signaling pathway mediated by Hic-5." SIGNOR-262876 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256790 MUTYH protein Q9UIF7 UNIPROT TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21615992 t miannu "Binding of myh directly participates in atr and topbp1 activation in dna damage signaling, leading to apoptosis." SIGNOR-173972 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271101 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser344 CGRPDPSsFSRAREA 9606 11085981 t lperfetto "In the current study, we identified a PKC-mediated phosphorylation site in the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) and demonstrated that activation of PKC by stimulation of other types of GPCR or increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration in HEK 293 cells induces heterologous phosphorylation of DOR. Our results further established that DOR phosphorylation at Ser-344 by PKC results in internalization of DOR in HEK 293 cells through a beta-arrestin- and clathrin-mediated mechanism." SIGNOR-249063 FAM162A protein Q96A26 UNIPROT VDAC1 protein P21796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001061 15082785 t Giulio "HGTD-P was coprecipitated with VDAC but not with ANT or cyclophilin D (Fig. 7A, left upper panel).|However, it is not clear at present whether HGTD-P participates directly in channel formation in association with VDAC or modulates its channel-forming activity." SIGNOR-260293 GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256741 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 GNDPLTSsPGRSSRR 9606 16446360 t gcesareni "In the present study, we report the identification of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation sites on mcm2 and determine the functional role of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation of mcm2 in the initiation of dna replication in human cells." SIGNOR-143992 HRK protein O00198 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9130713 t gcesareni "Hrk, physically interacts with the death-repressor proteins bcl2 and bcl2l1. Hrk activates cell death at least in part by interacting with and inhibiting the protection afforded by bcl2 and bcl2l1." SIGNOR-47794 SPX protein Q9BT56 UNIPROT GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24517231 t lperfetto "Coevolution of the spexin/galanin/kisspeptin family: Spexin activates galanin receptor type II and III." SIGNOR-268574 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT "TUBAC Family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF110 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116717 ITGAV protein P06756 UNIPROT "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253289 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT IL6R protein P08887 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18923185 t miannu "IL-6 and IL-11 are the only members of the family that signal via the induction of a gp130 homodimer after binding their specific -receptors, IL-6R and IL-11R. When IL-6 binds to the homodimerized IL-6Rα/gp130Rβ, it results in a signaling cascade that is initiated by the autophoshorylation and activation of JAK." SIGNOR-255324 doramapimod chemical CHEBI:40953 ChEBI TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190335 IL21R protein Q9HBE5 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 12093291 t gcesareni "Retroviral-mediated transduction of wild-type gamma c into xscid jt cells restored function to the il-21r, as shown by il-21-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of jak1 and jak3, and downstream activation of stat5" SIGNOR-90269 CCIN protein Q13939 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001277 11090452 t miannu "The results suggest that the affinity of calicin to F-actin allows targeting of calicin at the subacrosomal space of round spermatids, and that its ability to form homomultimers contributes to the formation of a rigid calyx." SIGNOR-268503 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser374 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-262998 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT BCL2A1 protein Q16548 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 10049356 f gcesareni "Here we show thata1,abcl-2homolog up-regulated in primary lymphocytes by different mitogens, represents a novel class of rel/nf-kb-regulated prosurvival genes." SIGNOR-65020 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser522 DTSYINTsLIQDYRH 9606 BTO:0001253 23202365 t llicata "T he mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-activated protein kinase-2 is a proinflammatory kinase and phosphorylates pias1 at the ser522 residue. Activation of mapk-activated protein kinase-2 enhances p53-sumoylation, but a pias1 phosphorylation mutant, pias1-s522a, abolished this p53-sumoylation, suggesting a critical role for pias1-s522 phosphorylation in its sumo ligase activity." SIGNOR-199944 PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR up-regulates cleavage 9606 10593990 t "Gamma secretase subunit that leads a proteolitic cleavage through Asp257 and Asp385 after transport to cell surface." lperfetto "Presenilin-1 (ps1), a polytopic membrane protein primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, is required for efficient proteolysis of both notch and beta-amyloid precursor protein (app) within their trans- membrane domains." SIGNOR-217743 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT INHBA protein P08476 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Upregulation of PTGS2, ANPEP, KDR, UGT8, INHBA, ERMAP, RALGPS1 and SPON1 was confirmed." SIGNOR-261666 TLK1 protein Q9UKI8 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 11314006 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q9UKI8-2" lperfetto "Purified tlk1b phosphorylated histone h3 at s(10) with high specificity both in a mix of core histones and in isolated chromatin, suggesting that histone h3 is a physiological substrate for tlk1b. Phosphorylation of H3 has been linked to the activation of the immediate-early genes upon mitogenic stimulation, and to chromatin condensation during mitotic/meiotic events." SIGNOR-265370 TTC3 protein P53804 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 20059950 t gcesareni "TTC3 is an Akt-specific E3 ligase that binds to phosphorylated Akt and facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation within the nucleus" SIGNOR-252459 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Identification of tyrosine phosphatases that dephosphorylate the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-75997 "MTA1/DJ1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C123 SIGNOR TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000793 21368136 f 1 miannu "we found that the MTA1/DJ1 complex is required for optimum stimulation of the TH expression by paired like homeodomain transcription factor (Pitx3) homeodomain transcription factor and that the MTA1/DJ1 complex is recruited to the TH gene chromatin via the direct interaction of MTA1 with Pitx3." SIGNOR-239773 FBXO3 protein Q9UK99 UNIPROT HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0004573 18809579 t miannu "O clarify the role of PML in transcription regulation, we purified the PML complex and identified Fbxo3 (Fbx3), Skp1, and Cullin1 as novel components of this complex. Fbx3 formed SCF(Fbx3) ubiquitin ligase and promoted the degradation of HIPK2 and p300 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-271741 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 19352540 t lperfetto "Smad7 also recruits the HECT type of E3 ubiquitin ligases, Smurf1 and Smurf2. It binds to Smurfs in the nucleus and translocates into the cytoplasm in response to TGF-_ and recruits the ubiquitin ligases to the activated type I receptor ALK5/T_RI, leading to the degradation of the receptor through the proteasomal pathway." SIGNOR-185131 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser434 SFEPKIRsPRRFIGS 9606 BTO:0000567 9271440 t gcesareni "The activation of p70s6k is associated with multiple phosphorylations at two sets of sites. The first set, s411, s418, t421, and s424, reside within the autoinhibitory domain, mutations of s371 abolished kinase activity. In mitotic hela cells, when the activity of cdc2 is high, s6k1 is phosphorylated at multiple ser/thr, pro (s/tp) sites, including ser(371), ser(411), thr(421), and ser(424)." SIGNOR-50607 NBEAL2 protein Q6ZNJ1 UNIPROT VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 28082341 f lperfetto "Recent in vitro megakaryopoiesis studies using HSCs from GPS patients with NBEAL2 mutations showed normal MK differentiation with defective proplatelet formation and reduced α-granule proteins such as von Willebrand factor (VWF), thrombospondin and P-selectin." SIGNOR-261884 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR Chemotaxis phenotype SIGNOR-PH93 SIGNOR up-regulates 23994464 f apalma "The PI3Kγ pathway (but not PLCβ2/3) is required for chemotaxis of the cells while both pathways are required for GPCR-induced superoxide release" SIGNOR-255012 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 9625767 t lperfetto "Il-1 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of signaling events, including activation of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 map kinase, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab" SIGNOR-249513 RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19586055 t esanto "The response to replication stress requires the recruitment of rpa and the mre11-rad50-nbs1 (mrn) complex. We observe a direct interaction between rpa with both nbs1 and mre11. By utilizing rpa bound to ssdna, we demonstrate that substituting rpa with phosphorylated rpa or a phosphomimetic weakens the interaction with the mrn complex." SIGNOR-186651 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29736013 t miannu "Our findings reveal a dual role for UTX in suppressing acute myeloid leukaemia via repression of oncogenic ETS and upregulation of tumor suppressive GATA programs. several ETS transcription factors, including Elf4, Etv6, Erg, Fli1, Ets2, Spi1 and Elk3 were upregulated immediately after Utx loss in the preleukaemic phase" SIGNOR-260033 "4-{[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}benzoic acid" chemical CHEBI:64210 ChEBI RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 19058965 t Luana "Tazarotene and its analogue 8 are RAR-β,γ selective acetylenic retinoids, whereas analogue 9 is very active on the three subtypes. " SIGNOR-258035 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 ADREAASsPAGEPLR 9606 20027304 t "This phosphorylation increased sirt1 nuclear localization" gcesareni "Human sirt1 was phosphorylated by jnk1 on three sites: ser27, ser47, and thr530 and this phosphorylation of sirt1 increased its nuclear localization and enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, jnk1 phosphorylation of sirt1 showed substrate specificity resulting in deacetylation of histone h3, but not p53." SIGNOR-162314 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 9606 10567431 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)- binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and the p70 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1). In vitro activation of p70alfa by mtor-catalyzed phosphorylation involving p70alfa thr-412. Mtor-catalyzed p70alfa phosphorylation in vitro is accompanied by a substantial restoration in p70alfa kinase activity toward its physiologic substrate, the 40 s ribosomal protein s6. In response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-217056 PHA-680632 chemical CID:11249084 PUBCHEM AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206103 CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Phe59 GVTVETVfSVDEFSA -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263580 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr295 AEALNQVtQRASRRS 9606 19366211 t gcesareni "These results implicate pkcdelta-thr(295) autophosphorylation as a lipid-dependent modification that links pkcdelta-thr(505) phosphorylation to src-dependent regulation of pkcdelta catalytic function." SIGNOR-185283 GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23075495 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "On the other hand, galfas-coupled signals, such as epinephrine and glucagon, induce kinase activity of lats1/2, leading to phosphorylation and yap/taz." SIGNOR-269857 "bisindolylmaleimide i" chemical CID:2396 PUBCHEM PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-190353 IFNA1 protein P01562 UNIPROT IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11278538 t miannu "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-260334 BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT RUFY1 protein Q96T51 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr400 RQGLDEMySDVWKQL 9534 11877430 t miannu "Etk interacts with RUFY1 through its SH3 and SH2 domains. RUFY1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated and appears to be a substrate of Etk. Phosphorylation of the two tyrosine residues, Tyr-281 and Tyr-292, located in the linker region of the two coiled-coil domains by Etk seems to be critical for RUFY1 targeting to the endosomes." SIGNOR-262679 EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14709557 t lperfetto "In mammalian cells, peptide chain elongation requires two main elongation factors, eEF1A and eEF2. The latter mediates the translocation step of elongation in which the ribosome moves by the equivalent of one codon relative to the mRNA, and the peptidyl-tRNA shifts from the A- into the P-site on the ribosomend eEF2." SIGNOR-269397 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-252945 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7526316 t gcesareni "C-myc directly activates transcription of cyclin d1, cyclin d2 and cdk4, and leads to cdk 4/6 activation." SIGNOR-27446 GNGT1 protein P63211 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16537363 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-252687 GPRIN1 protein Q7Z2K8 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 22956546 f Luana " GAP-43 and G protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (Gprin1) in differentiating cells." SIGNOR-265799 MAPK8IP2 protein Q13387 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10490659 t gcesareni "Both jip1 and jip2 selectively bind the mapkk isoform mkk7." SIGNOR-70857 SHANK2 protein Q9UPX8 UNIPROT ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264584 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 SIGNOR-C7 17964260 t gcesareni "Akt1 and 2 promote the association of myod with p300 and pcaf acetyltransferases, via direct phosphorylation of p300." SIGNOR-158624 FBXO9 protein Q9UK97 UNIPROT TTI1 protein O43156 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23263282 t miannu "Here we report that Tel2 and Tti1 are targeted for degradation within mTORC1 by the SCFFbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mTOR signalling to growth factor availability. The interaction between Tel2/Tti1 and Fbxo9 identified by mass spectrometry suggests that SCFFbxo9 is probably the ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of both proteins." SIGNOR-271997 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TP53BP2 protein Q13625 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser827 NSDMPAPsPGLDYEP -1 24312625 t lperfetto "Hence ASPP2 can be phosphorylated at serine 827 by MAPK1 in vitro.|Phosphorylation of ASPP2 by MAPK is required for RAS-induced increased binding to p53 and increased transactivation of pro-apoptotic genes." SIGNOR-264414 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 10230394 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-67387 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 20887952 f "These results indicate that TNF-a-activated p38 pathway negatively controls the expansion of PAX7-positive SCs" SIGNOR-253602 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser879 LIDRNQKsDKKPDRE 9606 BTO:0000763 22798526 t lperfetto "We showed that pkc_ phosphorylation of p120 at serine (s)879 in response to thrombin or lipopolysaccharide challenge reduced p120 binding affinity for ve-cadherin and mediated aj disassembly secondary to ve-cadherin internalization" SIGNOR-198288 AAK1 protein Q2M2I8 UNIPROT AP2M1 protein Q96CW1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr156 SQITSQVtGQIGWRR 9606 BTO:0000938 11877461 t lperfetto "Aak1 is enriched at presynaptic terminals, whereas in nonneuronal cells it colocalizes with clathrin and ap2 in clathrin-coated pits and at the leading edge of migrating cells. Aak1 specifically phosphorylates the mu subunit in vitro, and stage-specific assays for endocytosis show that mu phosphorylation by aak1 results in a decrease in ap2-stimulated transferrin internalization. Together, these results provide strong evidence that aak1 is the endogenous mu 2 kinase and plays a regulatory role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-115657 ME2 protein P23368 UNIPROT NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24769394 t miannu "The major NADPH-producing enzymes in the cell are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), malic enzyme (ME) in the pyruvate cycling pathway, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle" SIGNOR-267054 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000759 2158622 t "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "We determined the affinity for T3 and analog binding characteristics of the translational products of c-erbA a- and /3-probes together with hepatic nuclear extracts." SIGNOR-269881 ORF4b protein K9N643 UNIPROT IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26631542 t miannu "Previous studies have shown that MERS-CoV ORF4b antagonizes the early antiviral alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) response, which may significantly contribute to MERS-CoV pathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we found that ORF4b in the cytoplasm could specifically bind to TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IκB kinase epsilon (IKKε), suppress the molecular interaction between mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and IKKε, and inhibit IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation and subsequent IFN-β production. these results indicate that MERS-CoV ORF4b inhibits the induction of type I IFN through a direct interaction with IKKε/TBK1 in the cytoplasm" SIGNOR-260592 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HAND1 protein O96004 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr107 PKKERRRtESINSAF 9606 BTO:0000007 14636580 t lperfetto "In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation studies show that both PKA and PKC can phosphorylate HAND1 and -2. In addition, phosphopeptide mapping analysis of wild-type and mutant forms of HAND1 shows that three of these conserved residues, T107; S109 within helix I and S98 within the basic domain, are the phosphorylated residues. " SIGNOR-249244 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 ATKAARKsAPATGGV 9606 11856369 t "Ser 27 (29) phosphorylation of H3 isinhibitory as induces transcription." gcesareni "Histone code pathway involving h3 s28 phosphorylation and k27 acetylation activates transcription and antagonizes polycomb silencingaurora-b phosphorylates histone h3 at serine28 with regard to the mitotic chromosome condensation" SIGNOR-114852 Carebastine chemical CID:65820 PUBCHEM HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257783 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser532 KIKQEVEsPTDKSGN 9606 BTO:0000661 8960373 t lperfetto "Functional analysis of phosphorylation at serine 532 of human c-myb by map kinase. expression of a polypeptide containing the c-myb c-terminal domain stimulated c-myb activity. This effect is reduced upon mapk-dependent phosphorylation of serine 532. Our data suggest that the mapk-dependent state of phosphorylation modifies the cellular function of c-myb by modulating its interaction with a putative inhibitory factor" SIGNOR-244569 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT SMAD2/STAT3/EP300 complex SIGNOR-C203 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "Thus, pSmad2L (Ser255) forms complex with p300 and STAT3 to bind to the proximal promoter of the Rorc and Il17a genes." SIGNOR-255024 CLTB protein P09497 UNIPROT "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260671 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H2AC4 protein P04908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation "Lys 37" RVHRLLRkGNYSERV 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-263862 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR NRBF2 protein Q96F24 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser120 SPLSQKYsPSTEKCL 9606 28059666 t miannu "Human NRBF2 is phosphorylated by MTORC1 at S113 and S120. Upon nutrient starvation or MTORC1 inhibition, NRBF2 phosphorylation is diminished. Phosphorylated NRBF2 preferentially interacts with PIK3C3/PIK3R4. Suppression of NRBF2 phosphorylation by MTORC1 inhibition alters its binding preference from PIK3C3/PIK3R4 to ATG14/BECN1, leading to increased autophagic PtdIns3K complex assembly, as well as enhancement of ULK1 protein complex association." SIGNOR-265877 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1076 NVASRMEsTGVMGNI 9606 BTO:0000007 8798667 t llicata "Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo. | Site-directed mutagenesis of a CaM kinase II consensus site (Ser-1076 to Ala-1076) in III-AC greatly reduced Ca2+-stimulated phosphorylation and inhibition of III-AC in vivo." SIGNOR-267845 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 16331276 f miannu "We identified a foxa1 binding site within the brca1-responsive element of the p27(kip1) promoter and showed that foxa1 activated the promoter alone and in conjunction with brca1." SIGNOR-142940 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001615 22470139 f miannu "Efficient knockdown of WWTR1, demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR, led to upregulation of ASNS and downregulation of SMAD3, LTBR, BAX and BAK1 in WWTR1 knockdown cells, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the repression of cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255605 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23530056 t miannu "Upon TGF-β induction, interaction of Arkadia with phosphorylated Smad2 triggers degradation of SnoN, whereas upon arsenic treatment, interaction of Arkadia with poly-SUMO in PML nuclear bodies induces degradation of polysumoylated PML together with RNF4." SIGNOR-272883 RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23530056 t miannu "Upon TGF-β induction, interaction of Arkadia with phosphorylated Smad2 triggers degradation of SnoN, whereas upon arsenic treatment, interaction of Arkadia with poly-SUMO in PML nuclear bodies induces degradation of polysumoylated PML together with RNF4." SIGNOR-272884 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002314 18662193 f gcesareni "In addition, shh reactivation plays a regulatory role on myogenesis, as its inhibition impairs the activation of the myogenic regulatory factors myf-5 and myod, decreases the up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor (igf)-1 and reduces the number of myogenic satellite cells at injured site." SIGNOR-179632 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 21261500 f miannu "TAL1 and LYL1 are two leukemic members of the bHLH family of transcription factors. TAL1 and LYL1 activate expression of MEF2C" SIGNOR-254209 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser288 PDRPGSTsPFAPSAT 9606 18245089 t gcesareni "Novel phosphorylation sites were determined to be located within a region that contains serine residues 286, 288, and 293. ... Erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation of ciita down-regulates ciita activity by priming it for nuclear export, thus providing a means for cells to tightly regulate the extent of antigen presentation." SIGNOR-160613 SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 33809712 f miannu "Synapsins are a family of peripheral proteins that bind to the SV membrane. Synapsins Maintain the SV Reserve Pool. Synapsins serve as a key protein for maintaining SVs within this reserve pool, but the mechanism that allows synapsins to do this is unclear. This mechanism is likely to involve synapsins either cross-linking SVs, thereby anchoring SVs to each other, or creating a liquid phase that allows SVs to float within a synapsin droplet." SIGNOR-264105 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT ELK3 protein P41970 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29736013 t miannu "Our findings reveal a dual role for UTX in suppressing acute myeloid leukaemia via repression of oncogenic ETS and upregulation of tumor suppressive GATA programs. several ETS transcription factors, including Elf4, Etv6, Erg, Fli1, Ets2, Spi1 and Elk3 were upregulated immediately after Utx loss in the preleukaemic phase" SIGNOR-260037 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 EDAKKRLsVERIYQK 9606 BTO:0000567 12569090 t lperfetto "Here, we have shown that the enzymatic activity of topoisomerase II alpha protein purified from HeLa cell nuclei was strongly enhanced following phosphorylation by protein kinase C. | Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicated that phosphorylation of serine 29 generated both of these phosphopeptides." SIGNOR-249196 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193627 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000812 18719363 f miannu "Screening for the expression of angiogenic cytokines expressed by ovarian cancer cells revealed MTA1-mediated upregulation of the oncogenic and angiogenic cytokine GRO (growth-regulated oncogene, CXCL1)." SIGNOR-254598 GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT ARHGEF25 protein Q86VW2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 17606614 t "P63RhoGEF is autoinhibited by the Dbl homology (DH)-associated pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; activated Galpha(q) relieves this autoinhibition by interacting with a highly conserved C-terminal extension of the PH domain" SIGNOR-256493 KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 24561908 t "This tri-methylation is associated with the downregulation of nearby genes via the formation of heterochromatic regions." miannu "Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratricopeptide Repeat on chromosome X (UTX) and Jumonji D3 (JMJD3) as novel histone demethylases that catalyze the removal of di- and trimethyl groups on histone H3 lysine 27, thereby promoting target gene activation." SIGNOR-265361 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser178 PPLPGALsPLYGVPE 10116 BTO:0004316 12853963 t miannu "JNK1 phosphorylates serine 178 on paxillin, a focal adhesion adaptor, both in vitro and in intact cells. NBT-II cells expressing the Ser 178 --> Ala mutant of paxillin (Pax(S178A)) formed focal adhesions and exhibited the limited movement associated with such contacts in both single-cell-migration and wound-healing assays. In contrast, cells expressing wild-type paxillin moved rapidly and retained close contacts as the predominant adhesion." SIGNOR-250129 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000972 18025157 t "We show that the ID1 and ID2 promoters are activated by PML-RARalpha but, unexpectedly, not by wild-type RARalpha/RXR. Our data support a model in which the PML-RARalpha fusion protein regulates a novel class of target genes by interaction with the Sp1 and NF-Y transcription factors, without directly binding to the DNA, defining a gain-of-function for the oncoprotein." SIGNOR-255747 olaparib chemical CHEBI:83766 ChEBI PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195016 RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT "Ribosome biogenesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH164 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 19812304 f Luana "The stimulation of S6K1 activity by mTORC1 leads to increases in mRNA biogenesis, cap-dependent translation and elongation, and the translation of ribosomal proteins through regulation of the activity of many proteins, such as S6K1 aly/REF-like target (SKAR), programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) and ribosomal protein S6 " SIGNOR-264617 EXOSC8 protein Q96B26 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261384 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001056 11283671 t apalma "Here, we demonstrate that C/EBPα indeed activates its promoter in transient transfection assays in myeloid cells." SIGNOR-255673 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR GOLGB1 protein Q14789 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp1881 LSQISTKdGELKMLQ 9606 14970262 t miannu "Giantin and syntaxin 5 are cleaved by caspase-3. Given that both giantin and syntaxin 5 are cleaved at an early stage during apoptosis, we anticipated that, at the very least, the delivery of ER-derived transport intermediates to the Golgi would be impaired in apoptotic cells." SIGNOR-261235 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr133 EMPSEEGyQDYEPEA 9606 BTO:0000975;BTO:0000142 11744621 t llicata "Here, we show that alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is an outstanding substrate for the protein tyrosine kinase p72syk (syk), which phosphorylates three tyrosyl residues in its c-terminal domain (y-125, y-133, and y-136), here, we show that _-syn is an outstanding substrate for syk and that once it is tyrosine phosphorylated, it loses the ability to form oligomers." SIGNOR-113065 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR up-regulates 24669294 f apalma "While investigating the factors that regulate macrophage arginine metabolism, Mills and colleagues found that macrophages activated in mouse strains with Th1 and Th2 backgrounds differed qualitatively in their ability to respond to the classic stimuli IFN-γ or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or both and defined an important metabolic difference in the pathway: M1 macrophages made the toxic nitric oxide (NO), whereas M2 macrophages made the trophic polyamines" SIGNOR-255556 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EEA1 protein Q15075 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1392 CSAKNALtPSSKKPV 10090 BTO:0002572 16138080 t lperfetto "We found that p38alpha can phosphorylate the rab5 effectors eea1 and rabenosyn-5 on thr-1392 and ser-215, respectively, and these phosphorylation events regulate the recruitment of eea1 and rabenosyn-5 to membranes" SIGNOR-140082 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser170 SFKLSGFsFKKNKKE 9534 BTO:0000298 8557118 t lperfetto "PRK1 phosphorylates MARCKS at the PKC sites: serine 152, serine 156 and serine 163." SIGNOR-248939 FAAP100 protein Q0VG06 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263244 lofexidine chemical CHEBI:51368 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 22341244 t Luana "Lofexidine was selected because its scaffold is similar to that of the imidazolines of the present study and, as emerged from our functional study (Table 2), it displayed significant α2A- and α2C-AR agonism. " SIGNOR-258330 ACP3 protein P15309 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18940592 t Luana "Specifically, PAP dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and activates A1-adenosine receptors in dorsal spinal cord." SIGNOR-269740 PPM1E protein Q8WY54 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser57 KKDRFYRsILPGDKT 10116 11864573 t "The p21-activated kinase PAK is negatively regulated by POPX1 and POPX2, a pair of serine/threonine phosphatases of the PP2C family|POPX Can Dephosphorylate and Downregulate PAK| To confirm that POPX2 acts on αPAK phospho-Thr422, a key regulator of activity in the kinase activation loop [9], we used phospho-specific antibodies against αPAK P-Thr422 (Figure 3B, lower panel), which proved to be an excellent substrate for POPX2. Similarly, complete loss of αPAK P-Ser57 with 0.2 μg POPX2 contrasts with the slight loss observed with 1.5 μg PP1. On the basis of these results, we suggest PAK is a substrate of POPX." SIGNOR-248760 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 10066785 t gcesareni "Notch signaling up-regulated HES1 mRNA expression within 1 h and subsequently reduced expression of MyoD mRNA" SIGNOR-243181 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser239 DPMTQDGsQPMDTNM 9606 22588298 t llicata "On genotoxic stress, atm phosphorylates bmps-activated smad1 in the nucleus on s239, which disrupts smad1 interaction with protein phosphatase ppm1a, leading to enhanced activation and upregulation of smad1." SIGNOR-197533 MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:27978 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|It undergoes oxidative deamination, catalyzed by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), to produce reactive aldehyde 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL)." SIGNOR-264003 "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI Nucleotide_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH179 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 31108873 f "De novo biosynthesis of both purines and pyrimidines has been observed to be altered in cancer and requires the generation of 5-phosphoribose-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), the activated form of ribose derived from ribose 5-phosphate, which is produced through the oxidative and nonoxidative arms of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) parallel to glycolysis." SIGNOR-267387 N-[4-[(4-Ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(E)-2-(4-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)ethenyl]-4-methylbenzamide chemical CID:53302361 PUBCHEM BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 32069833 t lperfetto "HG6-64-1 is a specific BRAF inhibitor" SIGNOR-261986 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 22693070 t miannu "In summary, we report in this study that STAT1 expression is upregulated by nuclear EGFR, EGFRvIII and HER2, and that STAT3 synergizes with the three receptors to further enhance STAT1 expression. These novel findings establish a novel link between the mitogenic ErbB signaling pathway and the inflammatory pathway mediated by STAT1. The oncogenic transcription factor STAT3 binds to the STAT1 promoter and synergizes with nuclear EGFR to significantly enhance STAT1 gene expression." SIGNOR-263650 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28117675 t miannu "FBXO22 mediates poly-ubiquitination and degradation of CD147. Classically, F-box protein together with Skp1 and Cullin 1 constitute Skp-Cullin-F box ubiquitin E3 ligase (SCFs)" SIGNOR-272788 FANCM protein Q8IYD8 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263248 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM4 protein Q9C037 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271218 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT PLA2G1B protein P04054 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Grpr stimulation activates phospholipase a2 (pla2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (cox2), which leads to prostaglandin e2 (pge2) production and ep receptor stimulation." SIGNOR-152756 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9665135 t miannu "Evi-1 interacts with smad3, an intracellular mediator of tgf-beta signalling, thereby suppressing the transcriptional activity of smad3." SIGNOR-59132 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 31958465 t miannu "Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFGE8), a protein known as lactadherin in humans, contains C domains interacting with extracellular matrices and epidermal growth factor–like domains with an RGD motif binding to integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5." SIGNOR-260644 LLGL2 protein Q6P1M3 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C506 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270891 SUCLG2 protein Q96I99 UNIPROT "Succinyl-CoA GTP variant" complex SIGNOR-C399 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32627745 t miannu "Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only substrate-level phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.  In mammals, SCS is a mitochondrial enzyme and is an α,β-heterodimer with different isoforms: ATP-specific SCS (ATPSCS) and GTP-specific SCS (GTPSCS)." SIGNOR-266264 BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR Platelet_dense_granule_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH181 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 12019270 f lperfetto "BLOC-1, a novel complex containing the pallidin and muted proteins involved in the biogenesis of melanosomes and platelet-dense granules|Interestingly, immunofluorescence and in vitro binding experiments demonstrated that pallidin/BLOC-1 is able to associate with actin filaments. We propose that BLOC-1 mediates the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles by a mechanism that may involve self-assembly and interaction with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-265940 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257920 saxagliptin chemical CHEBI:71272 ChEBI DPP4 protein P27487 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 19149538 t Luana "Various classes of structurally different DPP IV inhibitors are currently being explored and few of them such as Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin were successfully launched." SIGNOR-257813 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 SNLGHPEsPPRKRLK 9606 BTO:0000567 20663873 t miannu "We found that expression of Pim-1 increases the level of Skp2 through direct binding and phosphorylation of multiple sites on this protein. Along with known Skp2 phosphorylation sites including Ser(64) and Ser(72), we have identified Thr(417) as a unique Pim-1 phosphorylation target. Phosphorylation of Thr(417) controls the stability of Skp2 and its ability to degrade p27." SIGNOR-259818 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser221 PRTSPIMsPRTSLAE 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248518 HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256872 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15209375 t gcesareni "One of the most studied events controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of a of agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-126066 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TKT protein P29401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr382 GCATRNRtVPFCSTF 9606 BTO:0000567 24981175 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylates TKT on Thr382, markedly enhancing enzyme activity and increasing carbon flow through the nonoxidative PPP, thereby increasing purine synthesis." SIGNOR-265102 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser29 GSVSEDNsEDEISNL -1 2900140 t llicata "These results show that casein kinase-2 phosphorylates site 6 exclusively" SIGNOR-250823 CIB2 protein O75838 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 35408910 t miannu "So far, two integrins have been found to interact with CIB2: αIIbβ3 is expressed by platelets and megakaryocytes and, apparently, a common target for all CIB family members, at odds with α7Bβ1D, which seems to be CIB2-specific and is expressed in skeletal muscles." SIGNOR-269669 epitope chemical CHEBI:53000 ChEBI "Class II MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C429 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33374673 t scontino "The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, or human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans, bind these peptides to present them to T cells that recognise them with their surface T cell receptors (TCR)." SIGNOR-269479 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT OPA1 protein O60313 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20359165 f Giorgia "Of interest, induction of SLP-2 expression also resulted in significant increases in the levels of OPA-1 and mitofusin-2 (P < 0.05), both integral mitochondrial membrane proteins associated with mitochondrial fusion." SIGNOR-260381 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT DLC1 protein Q96QB1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser766 VTRTRSLsACNKRVG 10116 16338927 t gcesareni "We have demonstrated that Ser-322 is phosphorylated upon insulin stimulation of intact cells and that this site is directly phosphorylated in vitro by PKB and ribosomal S6 kinase, members of the AGC (protein kinases A, G, and C) family of insulin-stimulated protein kinases" SIGNOR-252550 MTHFD1 protein P11586 UNIPROT formate smallmolecule CHEBI:15740 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18767138 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase)methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase)formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFD1) is a trifunctional enzyme that interconverts tetrahydrofolate (THF) derivatives for nucleotide synthesis.|The Arg653Gln substitution is located in the synthetase domain, which catalyzes the magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP)-dependent production of formylTHF from THF and formate" SIGNOR-268251 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000671 12807881 f miannu "Rfp expression in hek 293 cells activated jnk1" SIGNOR-102034 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser192 PSTTGAAsPASSSAG 9606 25056917 f "Oncogenic Ras enhanced S192-dependent GATA-2 phosphorylation, nuclear foci localization, and transcriptional activation. These studies define a mechanism that controls a key regulator of hematopoiesis and a dual mode of impairing GATA-2-dependent genetic networks: mutational disruption of chromatin occupancy yielding insufficient GATA-2, and oncogenic Ras-mediated amplification of GATA-2 activity" SIGNOR-259945 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser187 NSHPFPHsPNSSYPN 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248798 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser696 NVLSVALsQRTTVPE 9606 21095582 t lperfetto "Here we show that hypoxia results in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm)-dependent phosphorylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (hif-1_) on serine(696) and mediates downregulation of mtorc1 signaling. phosphorylation of hif-1_ by atm is required for its stability" SIGNOR-169999 APOE protein P02649 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 7566652 t lperfetto "Isoform specific interactions of ApoE have been shown with the microtubule-associated protein tau, which forms the neurofibrillary tangle in this disease.|Phosphorylation of serine262 in domain I of tau decreases tau binding to microtubules and also abolishes binding by ApoE3." SIGNOR-262588 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser676 LSQRFTFsPGQDIQL 9606 11110801 t llicata "In vitro phosphorylation of pr with cdk2 has revealed five additional in vitro cdk2 phosphorylation sites: ser(25), ser(213), thr(430), ser(554), and ser(676)." SIGNOR-84996 USP36 protein Q9P275 UNIPROT DHX33 protein Q9H6R0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 10090 29273634 t lperfetto "Loss of the deubiquitinase USP36 destabilizes the RNA helicase DHX33 and causes preimplantation lethality in mice." SIGNOR-272289 "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269015 AHSA1 protein O95433 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001519 16696853 t miannu "The interaction of GCH1 with Aha1 may recruit GCH1 into the eNOS/Hsp90 complex so as to support local changes in nitric oxide production by endothelial cells." SIGNOR-252213 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser257 ESHPKPSsPRQESTR 10090 BTO:0000944 15060146 t miannu "Tel became phosphorylated by erk on two serine residues, ser213 and ser257, in the internal domain between the hlh and ets domains. Tel lost its abilities to repress transcription through the phosphorylation." SIGNOR-260085 CSMD1 protein Q96PZ7 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 28345259 t miannu "CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) is a relatively poorly studied large transmembrane protein of 390 kDa composed of 14 N-terminal CUB domains interspersed with complement control protein (CCP) domains followed by 15 consecutive CCP domains. The active domains of CSMD1 were then identified in CCP17-21, which were shown to interact with C4b and C3b and present these complement proteins for degradation by factor" SIGNOR-265148 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT KIF4A protein O95239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser801 KLRRRTFsLTEVRGQ -1 28992084 t miannu "We found that the strong direct substrate KIF4A is phosphorylated by AMPK at Ser801.Using in vitro kinase assays, we found that active AMPK and Aurora B phosphorylated KIF4A at Ser801 and Thr799 respectively in a time-dependent manner (Figure 5D). KIF4A is phosphoregulated by AMPK and Aurora B. Although AMPK phosphorylation increased the ATPase activity of KIF4A, Aurora B phosphorylation resulted in a stronger increase (Figure 5I), which might be consistent with the more powerful kinase function of Aurora B during mitosis." SIGNOR-265991 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 32917954 t SimoneGraziosi "NR3C1 impaired GLI1 function by dynamically modulating the recruitment of PCAF acetyltransferase" SIGNOR-269270 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr143 CSAPSPStPSFQPPQ 10116 BTO:0001009 11883936 t lperfetto "NGFI-B is an inducible orphan nuclear receptor that initiates apoptosis. Growth factors such as EGF activate the MAP kinase ERK, whose activity may determine if a cell survives or undergoes apoptosis. EGF stimulation of cells leads to phosphorylation of threonine in NGFI-B. Thr-142 of NGFI-B is comprised in a consensus MAP kinase site and was identified as a preferred substrate for ERK2 (but not ERK1) in vitro." SIGNOR-249430 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 EVEEEADsCFGDDED 9606 BTO:0000567 11546811 t lperfetto "The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, cdc34, has been implicated in the ubiquitination of a number of vertebrate substrates, including p27(kip1), ikappabalpha, wee1, and myod. We show that mammalian cdc34 is a phosphoprotein that is phosphorylated in proliferating cells. Phosphorylation of cdc34 by the associated kinase maps predominantly to residues 203 and 222. Mutation of cdc34 at ck2-targeted residues, ser-203, ser-222, ser-231, thr-233, and ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of cdc34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized cdc34 to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-110395 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT DOK5 protein Q9P104 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11470823 t gcesareni "Dok-4 and dok-5 enhance c-ret-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase" SIGNOR-109516 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 17360977 f lperfetto "Research has focused on insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 as a locus for insulin resistance. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 initiates insulin signaling, whereas serine/threonine phosphorylation alters the ability of IRS-1 to transduce the insulin signal. Insulin increased the phosphorylation of Ser312, Ser616, Ser636, Ser892, Ser1101, and Ser1223" SIGNOR-236737 ASAP2 protein O43150 UNIPROT ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" -1 10022920 t miannu "Pap is a multidomain protein composed of an N-terminal alpha-helical region with a coiled-coil motif, followed by a pleckstrin homology domain, an Arf-GAP domain, an ankyrin homology region, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain.  In addition, in vitro recombinant Pap exhibits strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity towards the small GTPases Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity towards Arf6.  Pap protein exhibits Arf GAP activity in vitro." SIGNOR-269706 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 18250156 f gcesareni "Furthermore, atm-mediated i-2 phosphorylation results in the inhibition of the aurora-b kinase, the down-regulation of histone h3 serine 10 phosphorylation, and the activation of the g2/m checkpoint." SIGNOR-160644 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1179 GLENGLNyIDLDLVK 9606 10660596 t gcesareni "The specific activity of four candidate protein-tyrosine phosphatases (protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp1b), sh2 domain-containing ptpase-2 (shp-2), leukocyte common antigen-related (lar), and leukocyte antigen-related phosphatase) (lrp) toward irs-1 dephosphorylation was studied using recombinant proteins in vitro. Ptp1b exhibited the highest specific activity these results provide new insight into novel molecular interactions involving ptp1b and grb2 that may influence the steady-state capacity of irs-1 to function as a phosphotyrosine scaffold and possibly affect the balance of postreceptor insulin signaling." SIGNOR-74856 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f lperfetto "We observed that the homeodomain factor pbx1, which cooperates with myod to stimulate myogenin expression, is constitutively bound to the myogenin promoter in a swi/snf-independent manner, suggesting a two-step mechanism in which myod initially interacts indirectly with the myogenin promoter and attracts chromatin-remodeling enzymes, which then facilitate direct binding by myod and other regulatory proteins." SIGNOR-135984 XXYLT1 protein Q8NBI6 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22117070 t "Xylosylation in ER membrane" gcesareni "Xxylt1 acts on the xyl1,3glc-o-linked glycan of notch egf domains." SIGNOR-177745 MK-2461 chemical CID:44137946 PUBCHEM MST1R protein Q04912 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194387 NPRL2 protein Q8WTW4 UNIPROT GATOR1 complex SIGNOR-C192 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23723238 t miannu "Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5" SIGNOR-255281 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257972 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 9727491 t gcesareni "Casp8 can activate downstream caspases like caspase-6, and caspase-7 by directly cleaving them." SIGNOR-256459 PEX14 protein O75381 UNIPROT PEX5 protein P50542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 15798189 t miannu "The peroxisomal docking complex is a key component of the import machinery for matrix proteins. The core protein of this complex, Pex14, is thought to represent the initial docking site for the import receptors Pex5 and Pex7." SIGNOR-253027 BRLF1 protein P03209 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 20381110 t scontino "EBV Rta selectively down-regulates the expression of IRF3 and IRF7, the main regulators of the Type I IFNs." SIGNOR-266644 BGLF4 protein P13288 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser123 DFSQPDTsPDTNGGG 9606 BTO:0002181 19052084 t scontino "BGLF4 kinase interacts physically with and phosphorylates IRF3, which is the initial activator of transcription in the innate immune response. BGLF4 suppresses IRF3-dependent transcriptional activation. Data here suggest that Ser123, Ser173, and Thr180 contribute additively to the BGLF4-mediated repression of the IRF3 transactivation activity." SIGNOR-266647 BGLF4 protein P13288 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser173 PCPQPLRsPSLDNPT 9606 BTO:0002181 19052084 t scontino "BGLF4 kinase interacts physically with and phosphorylates IRF3, which is the initial activator of transcription in the innate immune response. BGLF4 suppresses IRF3-dependent transcriptional activation. Data here suggest that Ser123, Ser173, and Thr180 contribute additively to the BGLF4-mediated repression of the IRF3 transactivation activity." SIGNOR-266648 BGLF4 protein P13288 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 SPSLDNPtPFPNLGP 9606 BTO:0002181 19052084 t scontino "BGLF4 kinase interacts physically with and phosphorylates IRF3, which is the initial activator of transcription in the innate immune response. BGLF4 suppresses IRF3-dependent transcriptional activation. Data here suggest that Ser123, Ser173, and Thr180 contribute additively to the BGLF4-mediated repression of the IRF3 transactivation activity." SIGNOR-266649 N protein P59595 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 17108024 f miannu "The data presented here indicate that N protein inhibits interferon production, while ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins are able to inhibit both interferon production and interferon signaling. IRF-3 activation is inhibited in cells that express ORF 3b, ORF 6, or N protein, and NF-κB is inhibited in cells expressing N protein.ORF 3b, ORF 6, and N proteins all effectively inhibit phosphorylation of IRF-3.SARS-CoV ORF 3b, ORF 6, and N proteins all inhibit activation of IRF-3 by phosphorylation and binding of IRF-3 to a promoter with IRF-3 binding sites." SIGNOR-260337 3b protein P59633 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 17108024 f miannu "The data presented here indicate that N protein inhibits interferon production, while ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins are able to inhibit both interferon production and interferon signaling. IRF-3 activation is inhibited in cells that express ORF 3b, ORF 6, or N protein, and NF-κB is inhibited in cells expressing N protein.ORF 3b, ORF 6, and N proteins all effectively inhibit phosphorylation of IRF-3.SARS-CoV ORF 3b, ORF 6, and N proteins all inhibit activation of IRF-3 by phosphorylation and binding of IRF-3 to a promoter with IRF-3 binding sites." SIGNOR-260338 6 protein P59634 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 17108024 f miannu "The data presented here indicate that N protein inhibits interferon production, while ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins are able to inhibit both interferon production and interferon signaling. IRF-3 activation is inhibited in cells that express ORF 3b, ORF 6, or N protein, and NF-κB is inhibited in cells expressing N protein.ORF 3b, ORF 6, and N proteins all effectively inhibit phosphorylation of IRF-3.SARS-CoV ORF 3b, ORF 6, and N proteins all inhibit activation of IRF-3 by phosphorylation and binding of IRF-3 to a promoter with IRF-3 binding sites." SIGNOR-260339 AKAP5 protein P24588 UNIPROT PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0004553 20694001 t "Using a viral-mediated molecular replacement strategy in rat hippocampal slices, we found that AKAP is required for NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression solely because of its interaction with calcineurin" SIGNOR-261291 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257481 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22252525 t gcesareni "The mechanism by which pak1 induced cancer growth might involve activation of jnk in the non-canonical wnt pathway, frizzled uses galfaq or galfai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat, and frizzled also signals through the small gtpases rho and rac to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), which activates the ap1 transcription factor." SIGNOR-195414 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT GREB1 protein Q4ZG55 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 17666587 f miannu "Long-range activation of GREB1 by estrogen receptor via three distal consensus estrogen-responsive elements in breast cancer cells. . GREB1 (gene regulated by estrogen in breast cancer 1) is an ER target gene that regulates estrogen-induced proliferation in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-254074 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1041 EHAFYEFtFRRFFDD 9606 21808241 t gcesareni "Activation of mst1/2 leads to phosphorylation and activation of their direct substrates, lats1/2." SIGNOR-175801 RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15496512 t miannu "Coactivator RNF4 is involved in the GCH gene expression. Through serial deletion and mutagenesis studies of the GCH promoter, we defined the RNF4-responsive element on GCH proximal promoter as a CCAAT box. RNF4 did not possess specific DNA binding activity toward this CCAAT box, which suggests that RNF4 may be a coactivator of the CCAAT boxbinding protein nuclear factor Y (NF-Y). RNF4 is a coactivator for nuclear factor Y on GTP cyclohydrolase I proximal promoter." SIGNOR-252229 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 f gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-83740 8a protein Q7TFA0 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 29294448 t miannu "Accessory proteins 8b and 8ab of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus suppress the interferon signaling pathway by mediating ubiquitin-dependent rapid degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3.We also found that proteins 8b and 8ab could physically interact with IRF3. Overexpression of 8b and 8ab resulted in the reduction of poly (I:C)-induced IRF3 dimerization and inhibition of the IFN-β signaling pathway." SIGNOR-260239 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11018044 t miannu "LRb signaling is initiated by leptin binding to the extracellular domain of the LRb dimer, leading to Jak2 transphosphorylation and activation. Activated Jak2 mediates the tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyr985 and Tyr1138of LRb. These phosphotyrosine residues immediately function as binding sites (double-ended lines) for SHP-2 and STAT3, both of which quickly become tyrosine-phosphorylated by Jak2." SIGNOR-263495 8b protein Q80H93 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 29294448 t miannu "Accessory proteins 8b and 8ab of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus suppress the interferon signaling pathway by mediating ubiquitin-dependent rapid degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3.We also found that proteins 8b and 8ab could physically interact with IRF3. This counteracting effect was partially mediated by protein 8b/8ab-induced degradation of IRF3 in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. Taken together, we propose that SARS-CoV may exploit the unique functions of proteins 8b and 8ab as novel mechanisms to overcome the effect of IFN response during virus infection.." SIGNOR-260240 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys371 PTSMVLTkVSASTVP 9606 BTO:0002181 19881509 t Giorgia "These data collectively indicate that AIP4 is the E3 ligase for MAVS.|We generated single substitutions (K362A, K371A or K420A) and combined point substitutions of MAVS and tested their degradation. K371A or K420A MAVS showed partial resistance to PCBP2-induced degradation (data not shown), whereas MAVS with the combined substitutions K371A and K420A (KK-AA) completely withstood the degradation" SIGNOR-260362 porfimer chemical CHEBI:60652 ChEBI LDLR protein P01130 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 1450993 t miannu "Porphyrins are transported in blood mainly by lipoproteins, and the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-mediated pathway is probably one of the important factors involved in the selective accumulation of porphyrins by tumor tissues, as cancer cells generally express much more LDL receptors than normal cells." SIGNOR-259302 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AICDA protein Q9GZX7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr27 WAKGRREtYLCYVVK 9606 18417471 t llicata "We have found using sf9 insect cells to overexpress human gst-aid that a small fraction of the enzyme is phosphorylated at ser38 and thr27 and at two residues not reported previously, ser41 and ser43" SIGNOR-178248 ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257711 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15066263 t miannu " Vertebrate Ena/VASP proteins are phosphorylated by PKA, as well as PKG, and the phosphorylation is required for full function in a number of cellular contexts" SIGNOR-268289 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr693 RELVEPLtPSGEAPN 9606 10816576 t lperfetto "It is likely that the map2 and ert kinases account for the phosphorylation of the egf receptor at thr669 (egf receptor (krel veplt669psgeapnqallr)) observed in cultured cells.Phosphorylation at ser-695 is partial and occurs only if thr-693 is phosphorylated. Phosphorylation at thr-678 and thr-693 by prkd1 inhibits egf-induced mapk8/jnk1 activation." SIGNOR-244529 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH4 protein P55283 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265844 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one chemical CHEBI:77954 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205743 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr145 PVEDDADyEPPPSND 9606 BTO:0000782 8702662 t lperfetto "A fourth peptide derived from slp-76 encompassing tyr residues 423 and 426 was also phosphorylated by zap-70 but with a 10-15-fold lesser efficiency compared to tyr-113, _128, and _145. Phosphorylation of slp-76 by the zap-70 protein-tyrosine kinase is required for t-cell receptor function" SIGNOR-42968 TARBP2 protein Q15633 UNIPROT RISC(DICER1/AGO2/TARBP2) complex SIGNOR-C32 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16142218 t lperfetto "Dicer and trbp interact in vivo and in vitro /our data indicate that trbp is primarily required for the assembly and/or functioning of si_ or mi_riscs in mammalian cells, but it may also facilitate the cleavage of pre_mirnas by dicer." SIGNOR-140229 ACOT4 protein Q8N9L9 UNIPROT glutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271818 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15677570 f miannu "We further show evidence suggesting that NF-κB inhibits TM expression indirectly by competition for the coactivator p300/CBP." SIGNOR-253908 phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266533 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR HEY1 protein Q9Y5J3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 21193018 t lperfetto "Activated NICD-RBP-Jk complex displaces co-repressors and recruits coactivator (co-A) mediating the transcription of target genes such as Hes-1 (hairy enhancer of split), cyclin D, Hey-1 (hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif) and others [1213]." SIGNOR-170854 MTTP protein P55157 UNIPROT APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" lipidation 9606 23721961 t miannu "As ApoB is translated, it is lipidated by microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). MTP adds triglycerides to the nascent ApoB during its co-translational translocation into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum." SIGNOR-252118 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23836662 f miannu "This PER2-OCT1 interaction effectively converted OCT1 sites, which normally activate expression, into repressor sites by recruitment of a polycomb repressor complex including EZH2 and SUZ12, as well as HDAC2. We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254149 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 18801898 f gcesareni "Akt/mTOR signaling is a key target that accounts for myostatin function during muscle atrophy, uncovering a novel role for myostatin in protein metabolism and more specifically in the regulation of translation in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-252463 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation YES 9606 12536214 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We found that pka phosphorylation of the ampa receptor subunits glur4 and glur1 directly controlled the synaptic incorporation of ampa receptors in organotypic slices from rat hippocampus." SIGNOR-267784 HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257367 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT DCLRE1C protein Q96SD1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 SSTVAGGsQSPKLFS 9606 16600297 t lperfetto "Artemis is a nuclear phosphoprotein required for genomic integrity whose phosphorylation is increased subsequent to dna damage. Artemis phosphorylation by the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk). However, regardless of its association with dna-pkcs, phosphorylation of artemis at both s516 and s645 was stimulated in response to the double-stranded dna-damaging agent bleomycin" SIGNOR-145837 ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "All erbb ligands and receptors couple to activation of the ras-mapk pathway, either directly through sh2 domain-mediated recruitment of grb-2 or indirectly through ptb domain-mediated binding of the shc adaptor. In this study, we identify grb2 as a specific binding partner to tyrosines y1199 and y1268 of erbb3." SIGNOR-121971 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11585921 t gcesareni "We show here that the f-box/wd40 repeat protein sel-10 negatively regulates notch receptor activity by targeting the intracellular domain of notch receptors for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. in conclusion, hsel-10 physically associates with mouse notch4(int-3) through the wd40 domain, whereas the f-box domain is not required for this interaction." SIGNOR-110955 SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT "MECP2/SIN3A/HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C360 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9620804 t Luana "We show that a region of MeCP2 that localizes with the TRD associates with a corepressor complex containing the transcriptional repressor mSin3A and histone deacetylases." SIGNOR-267737 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ERF protein P50548 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser246 RGGPEPLsPFPVSPL 9606 10330152 t lperfetto "The experiments presented here indicate that erf is regulated during nuclear import and/or export and that this process depends on its phosphorylation by erks our analysis indicates that in addition to t526 (position 7), s161 (position 2), s246 (position 3), and s251 (position 4) are also phosphorylated in vitro by erk2 and in vivo after mitogenic stimulation (fig. 3a)." SIGNOR-67524 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser632 LVVSRNLsPPNCTEL 9606 BTO:0000150 SIGNOR-C18 17334399 t lperfetto "In particular, we have identified ser 632 of brca1 as a cyclin d1/cdk4 phosphorylation site in vitro. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we observed that the inhibition of cyclin d1/cdk4 activity resulted in increased brca1 dna binding at particular promoters in vivo." SIGNOR-153450 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 20404009 t Luana "Lurasidone was found to have potent binding affinity for dopamine D2, 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A), 5-HT7, 5-HT1A, and noradrenaline 2C receptors." SIGNOR-257841 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 9428795 t "We have shown that one of the functions of the GR to activate transcription of the AGP gene is to recruit C/EBPbeta and to maintain it bound at its target DNA sequences (SRU)" SIGNOR-251655 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 9606 16782899 t llicata "Met-mediated fak phosphorylation could further activate fak. Indeed, we found that met phosphorylates fak at its known phosphorylation sites, including tyr-576 and tyr-577, both of which are located in the activating loop within the catalytic domain" SIGNOR-147183 PRKX protein P51817 UNIPROT PKD1 protein P98161 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4166 EPLPSRSsRGSKVSP 9606 17980165 t lperfetto "The possibility of functional interactions between pkd1-encoded polycystin-1 and prkx was suggested by the renal co-distribution of prkx and polycystin-1 and the binding and phosphorylation of the c-terminal of polycystin-1 by prkx at s4166 in vitro. Taken together these results suggest that prkx can reverse the abnormalities in epithelial adhesion, migration and morphogenesis associated with pkd1 inhibition and cyst formation in adpkd." SIGNOR-158852 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr68 GQTVDDPyATFVKML 9606 19802004 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of cofilin at y68 by v-src leads to its degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-188352 DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22640926 f fspada "We conclude that DLK1(PREF1) is well expressed in human ASC and acts as a negative regulator of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-197634 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr659 GDSHPVLyQSLKDLL 9606 23581475 t Manara "Our results suggest that c-Abl protects p53 from HPV-E6-E6AP complex-mediated degradation by phosphorylating E6AP and impairing its E3 ligase activity" SIGNOR-260930 "SB 431542" chemical CHEBI:91108 ChEBI TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206706 ANAPC5 protein Q9UJX4 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252005 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser373 SMGTLRTsISVERQI 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251445 LBX1 protein P52954 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 19651985 t Luana "Compared with the empty vector, LBX1 induced increased promoter activity of threefold to fourfold and fivefold to sixfold for ZEB1 and Snail1, respectively " SIGNOR-266053 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT TFB2M protein Q9H5Q4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15684387 f lperfetto "Here, we establish that the expression of human TFB1M and TFB2M promoters is governed by nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2), key transcription factors implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, we show that NRF recognition sites within both TFB promoters are required for maximal trans activation by the PGC-1 family coactivators, PGC-1alpha and PRC" SIGNOR-268997 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 11163210 t miannu "Smad7 Recruits Smurf2 to the TGFβ Receptor Complex. Here, we identify Smurf2, a C2-WW-HECT domain ubiquitin ligase and show that Smurf2 associates constitutively with Smad7. Smurf2 is nuclear, but binding to Smad7 induces export and recruitment to the activated TGF beta receptor, where it causes degradation of receptors and Smad7 via proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. " SIGNOR-272937 quinpirole chemical CHEBI:75401 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7576010 t miannu "D3 receptors have been reported, however, to have affinities nearly 100-fold higher than those of D2 receptors for some agonists, including (+/-)-7-hydroxy-n,n-dipropyl-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) and quinpirole." SIGNOR-258441 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr698 KSIQATLtPSAMKSS 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3.alanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.we found that the phosphatases cdc14a and cdc14b (cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to erk3 and reverse its c-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis." SIGNOR-164416 6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-5-(3-piperidinyl)-7-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinamine chemical CHEBI:131165 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206835 "bisindolylmaleimide i" chemical CID:2396 PUBCHEM PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-190347 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 9792724 f miannu "AFP promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transient transfection assays demonstrated that the level of HNF1 had a direct impact on basal transcription as well as RA-mediated down-regulation of the AFP gene, and that co-transfection of HNF1 and HNF4, but not transfection of either factor alone, reversed the RA-mediated inhibition. Taken together these data point to an interaction among the RA, HNF1, and HNF4 signals, which is reflected in decreased expression of AFP." SIGNOR-254446 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr509 PVFDLTTtPKGGTPA 9606 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-145979 ITSN1 protein Q15811 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15824104 t gcesareni "Full-length intersectin-l exhibited little ability to stimulate nucleotide exchange on cdc42" SIGNOR-135377 RAB38 protein P57729 UNIPROT BLOC-2 complex SIGNOR-C252 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23247405 t lperfetto "Rab32 and Rab38 interact physically and colocalize with BLOC-2, AP-1 and AP-3|These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 operate in the same pathways previously defined for AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2 and suggest they are the specific proteins that divert AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2-dependent cargoes to maturing melanosomes and away from lysosomes." SIGNOR-260697 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268585 BNIP1 protein Q12981 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21931693 t miannu "RNF185 functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase, enabling BNIP1-p62 interaction. BNIP1 is polyubiquitinated by RNF185 and associates with autophagy receptor p62. In addition, we checked the endogenous localization of BNIP1 and p62 in HeLa cells (Fig. 7F). Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated endogenous BNIP1 and TRITIC conjugated endogenous p62 overlapped well in the cytoplasm, further providing the locational evidence for the recruitment of p62 by BNIP1." SIGNOR-271932 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 SPQVRTLsGSRPPLL 9606 11500364 t lperfetto "We show that two such kinases, p70 s6 kinase (regulated via mtor) and p90(rsk1) (activated by erk), phosphorylate eef2k at a conserved serine and inhibit its activity" SIGNOR-109712 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser217 AHYSPRTsPIMSPRT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248372 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9825 BTO:0004007 phosphorylation:Tyr1175 AQQDGKDyIVLPISE 9405464 t "VEGF pathway" Gianni "In a similar fashion, KDR associates with Grb2 and Nck in a ligand-dependent fashion, suggesting Shc, Grb2, and Nck as potential candidates involved in the regulation of endothelial function." SIGNOR-261948 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1598 RNAARRDsVLAASRD -1 12529267 t miannu "IP(3)R-I was phosphorylated by PKA and PKG in vitro and exclusively by PKG in vivo. Sequential phosphorylation by PKA and by PKG-Ialpha in vitro showed that PKA phosphorylated the same site as PKG (presumably S(1755)) and an additional PKA-specific site (S(1589)). Phosphorylation of IP(3)R-I in microsomes by PKG, PKA, or a combination of PKG and PKA inhibited IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release to the same extent, implying that inhibition was mediated by phosphorylation of the PKG-specific site." SIGNOR-249996 pralatrexate chemical CHEBI:71223 ChEBI TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23409799 t miannu "Pralatrexate is a small molecule with a chemical formula C23H23N7O5 and a molecular weight of 477.48 g/mol (Box 1). It competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase." SIGNOR-259352 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257652 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268894 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser103 RGLKRSLsEMEIGMV 9606 BTO:0000567 10318869 t llicata "Mk2 phosphorylates srf in vitro at ser-103" SIGNOR-67448 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR PLEC protein Q15149 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr4539 GGLIEPDtPGRVPLD 9606 BTO:0000567 8626512 t lperfetto "Identification of plectin as a substrate of p34cdc2 kinase and mapping of a single phosphorylation site. threonine 4542 was identified as the major target for the kinase. Phosphorylation of plectin by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b (cdk1/cycb) kinase has been reported to abolish its cross-linking function during mitosis. Here, we induced phosphorylation of plectin in prepared fractions of hela cells by adding activated cdk1/cycb kinase. Consequently, there was significant dissociation of the centrosome from the nuclear membrane." SIGNOR-216908 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser330 RLSPIMAsTELDEVQ 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity phosphorylation of foxos by akt, ikk, erk, ck1, cdk2, and dyrk1a universally leads to foxo's inhibition." SIGNOR-252907 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000584 17312387 f "In contrast, BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others. In conclusion, BTF3 is overexpressed in PDAC, where it acts as a transcriptional regulator rather than a direct modulator of apoptosis." SIGNOR-253947 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21527258 f gcesareni "We found that the expression of myf5 and cyclind1 remained significantly elevated upon induction of differentiation in cells that were overexpressing hyap1 s127a compared to cells transfected with wildtype hyap and empty vector;yap directly induced the transcription of ccnd1 and foxm1, in cooperation with tead transcription factor." SIGNOR-173445 CCT137690 chemical CID:25154041 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190895 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000887 16936075 t lperfetto "Here, we report that the Wnt signal is transduced in muscle progenitor cells by at least two Frizzled (Fz) receptors (Fz1 and/or Fz6)" SIGNOR-217827 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HMGCR protein P04035 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser872 SHMIHNRsKINLQDL 10116 2369897 t miannu "The intact, 100 kd microsomal enzyme and the 53 kd catalytic fragment of rat HMG-CoA reductase are both phosphorylated and inactivated by the AMP-activated protein kinase. this site is highly phosphorylated in intact liver under these conditions (Ser872 in the human enzyme)." SIGNOR-249992 FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256682 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 16982699 f "Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is an important modulator of insulin signaling, cell proliferation, and survival. Using small interfering RNA duplexes in nontransformed mammalian cells, we show that only Akt1 is essential for cell proliferation" SIGNOR-254353 arecoline chemical CHEBI:2814 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258640 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 ESFTMASsPAQRRRG 9606 16446360 t gcesareni "In this work, by in vitro kinase reactions and mass spectrometry analysis of the products, we have mapped phosphorylation sites in the n terminus of mcm2 by cdc7, cdk2, cdk1, and ck2" SIGNOR-143984 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR ALDH3A2 protein P51648 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001078 26124079 t miannu "We now show that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 for the ALDH3 family of enzymes. We now show that the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ALDH3 mediated by FBXL12 (F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12) is essential for execution of the differentiation program of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). FBXL12 is present only in eutherian mammals, and its expression is largely restricted to the placenta during mouse embryogenesis. FBXL12 was found to interact specifically with members of the ALDH3 family and to mediate their polyubiquitylation. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that FBXL12 interacted efficiently only with members of the ALDH3 family (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, and ALDH3B1), showing little if any association with those of the ALDH1 family (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3) (Fig. 2H). Collectively, these results suggested that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 specific for ALDH3 family members." SIGNOR-272818 CGRRF1 protein Q99675 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002548 31801577 t miannu "CGRRF1 ubiquitinates EGFR through K48-linked ubiquitination, which leads to proteasome degradation." SIGNOR-272220 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 10369069 f miannu "Co-transfection of WT cells with a c-jun expression vector and either of the AP-1 luciferase constructs demonstrated that c-jun could activate gene expression from both the consensus and the MDR1 AP-1 sites in a dose dependent manner." SIGNOR-254534 POM121 protein Q96HA1 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262071 ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT PCSK1 protein P29120 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8999965 f miannu "it was shown that both CREB-1 and ATF-1 transactivate the human PC1 promoter in transient transfection experiments." SIGNOR-253742 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000150 19573809 f lperfetto "However, here we show through phosphoprotein profiling and functional genomic studies that many PIK3CA mutant cancer cell lines and human breast tumors exhibit only minimal AKT activation and a diminished reliance on AKT for anchorage-independent growth" SIGNOR-252703 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23178811 t gcesareni "Yap restricts elevated wnt independently of the axinapcgsk-3beta complex partly by limiting the activity of dishevelled (dvl)." SIGNOR-199806 SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 23506862 t miannu "GLUT1 plays a critical role in cerebral glucose uptake as the major GLUT isoform expressed in brain endothelial cells." SIGNOR-267458 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258171 KIF5B protein P33176 UNIPROT Organelle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH159 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 9438838 f miannu "The kinesin superfamily of proteins plays a major role in this complex organelle transport. Kinesin is primarily associated with anterogradely transported membranous organelles in nerve axons. KIF5B and HsuKHC are expressed ubiquitously in many tissues, whereas KIF5A, KIF5C, and HsnKHC are specific to nerve tissue." SIGNOR-264068 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGB1 protein Q9Y5G3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265681 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ZYX protein Q15942 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser142 PQPREKVsSIDLEID 9606 17572661 t lperfetto "Akt binds and phosphorylates zyxin on serine 142, leading to its association with acinus zyxin is a substrate of caspases, but akt phosphorylation fails to protect its proteolytic degradation" SIGNOR-244389 IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19480389 t miannu "IMPDH controls the gateway to guanine nucleotides, making it an ‚Äúenzyme of consequence‚Äù for virtually every organism. The IMPDH-catalyzed conversion of IMP to XMP is the first committed and rate-limiting step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. XMP is subsequently converted to GMP by the action of GMP synthetase (GMPS)." SIGNOR-267334 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT SH3BP5 protein O60239 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser421 SKSQSSTsPEGQALE -1 15158451 t miannu "Activated SAPK3 phosphorylates the mitochondrial protein Sab. we have identified serine 321 as the major site of phosphorylation by both SAPK3 and JNK2. SAPK3 but not JNK2 also phosphorylates serine 391" SIGNOR-250141 M protein P59596 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 25271362 f Luana "Taken together, our results demonstrated that expression of M-protein causes activation of both caspases 8 and 9 via the PKB/Akt signalling cascades. " SIGNOR-260201 HHAT protein Q5VTY9 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT up-regulates palmitoylation 9606 18534984 t gcesareni "Both the shh precursor and mature protein are n-palmitoylated by hhatn-palmitoylation of cys-24 by hhat is required for n-product multimerization and full activity" SIGNOR-161548 SPAG5 protein Q96R06 UNIPROT CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 26297806 t lperfetto "By bringing CDK5RAP2 to the centrosome, the centriolar satellite proteins CEP72 and SPAG5 are required for the centrosomal localization of the other three MCPH proteins despite not interacting with them biochemically." SIGNOR-271719 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT AURKAIP1 protein Q9NWT8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser70 MLVPRKMsVSPLESW 9606 BTO:0000567 17957726 t miannu "AIP is phosphorylated on Serine 70 by Aurora‐A but not Aurora‐B and expression of phosphorylation mimic mutant of AIP results in prolonged protein stability compared to unphosphorylatable mutant. Phosphorylation of AIP Prolongs its Protein Stability" SIGNOR-262648 FBH1 protein Q8NFZ0 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 25585578 t miannu "The F-box DNA helicase 1 (FBH1) is a 3'-5' DNA helicase with a putative function as a negative regulator of HR. It is the only known DNA helicase to contain an F-box, suggesting that one of its functions is to act as a ubiquitin ligase as part of an SCF (SKP1, CUL1 and F-box) complex. Here we report that the central player in HR, RAD51, is ubiquitylated by the SCF(FBH1) complex. Expression of an ubiquitylation-resistant form of RAD51 in human cells leads to hyperrecombination, as well as several phenotypes indicative of an altered response to DNA replication stress. However, K58/64R RAD51 was ubiquitylated much less efficiently by FBH1 in vitro than was wild-type (WT) RAD51 (Fig. 1d), confirming that the primary sites of modification by FBH1 on RAD51 are K58 and K64." SIGNOR-272452 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys137 FSGFPFEkGSVQYKK 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272831 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT LIMK2 protein P53671 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser283 EGTLRRRsLRRSNSI 9606 16820362 t "Translocation from Cytosol to Nucleus" gcesareni "Recently we have shown that limk2 shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus in endothelial cells and that nuclear import is inhibited by protein kinase c-mediated phosphorylation of ser-283." SIGNOR-147716 CTTNBP2NL protein Q9P2B4 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 23015759 t miannu "CTTNBP2NL interacts with cortactin and targets cortactin to stress fibers." SIGNOR-261695 ACSS2 protein Q9NR19 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271828 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser718 KEAEEESsEDD 9606 BTO:0000007 11500362 t llicata "Two conserved sites (Ser712/713) are phosphorylated by casein kinase 2. They lie at the extreme C-terminus and are required for the interaction of eIF2Bepsilon with its substrate, eIF2, in vivo and for eIF2B activity in vitro. " SIGNOR-250860 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT LHX3 protein Q9UBR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10931853 t scontino "Transcription of pituitary alpha-glycoprotein hormone subunit (alpha-GSU) and thyrotropin beta subunit (TSH-beta) genes is stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). P-Lim and CBP Act Synergistically in TRH Stimulation of the Human α-GSU Promoter." SIGNOR-267206 meloxicam chemical CHEBI:6741 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9083488 t miannu "Meloxicam (5),an NSAID in the enol−carboxamide class, was developed on the basis of its antiinflammatory activity and relative safety in animal models. This favorable therapeutic index has been confirmed in clinical trials. In subsequent studies we and others discovered that it possessed a selectivity profile for COX-2 superior to several other marketed NSAIDs.1 A comparison of 5 with piroxicam (6) revealed different inhibitory profiles for the two enzymes" SIGNOR-258609 HHAT protein Q5VTY9 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT up-regulates palmitoylation 9606 15075292 t gcesareni "Our molecular analysis of knockout mice deficient in skn, the murine homolog of the drosophila ski gene, which catalyzes hh palmitoylation, and gene-targeted mice producting a non palmitoylated form of shh indicates that hh palmitoylation is essential for its activity as well as the generation of a protein gradient in the developing embryos" SIGNOR-124118 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is responsible for apoptosis execution" SIGNOR-89244 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT Necrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH3 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14965271 f amattioni "Fas-induced necrosis requires rip" SIGNOR-121901 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000093 28939105 t miannu "Protein kinase C-eta regulates Mcl-1 level via ERK1. knockdown of PKCη but not PKCα, -δ or -ε caused a significant decrease in ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) phosphorylation. Knockdown of ERK1 but not ERK2 decreased Mcl-1 level, and the decrease in Mcl-1 caused by PKCη knockdown was restored by ERK1 overexpression. These results suggest that PKCη utilizes the ERK signaling pathway to protect against ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1." SIGNOR-261910 PI4K2B protein Q8TCG2 UNIPROT ADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:456216 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269102 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT CCDC6 protein Q16204 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000551 23108047 t miannu "Fbxw7 interacts with and targets ccdc6 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-199279 N-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-3-(2-fluoro-4-iodoanilino)-4-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:94793 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189933 trimethyl-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]ammonium chemical CHEBI:94038 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258646 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000830 20535135 f miannu "Specifically, SCF-induced activation of JAK2 in human mast cells has been shown to activate STAT5 and STAT6. STAT5 contributes to mast cell homeostasis, by mediating proliferation, survival, and mediator release." SIGNOR-256233 GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16923394 f irozzo "Importantly, overexpression of Gfi-1 in these cells resulted in the attenuation of both Egr-1 and Egr-2 expression, but not Nab-2." SIGNOR-256133 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259021 XL765 chemical CHEBI:71958 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207869 WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT PAIP1 protein Q9H074 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25266661 t miannu "Here, we show that the E6AP carboxyl terminus (HECT)-type ubiquitin ligase WW domain-containing protein 2 (WWP2), a homolog of the HECT-type ubiquitin ligase WWP1, interacts with and targets Paip1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-272842 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT SAG protein P10523 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25216516 t miannu "Here we report that NEDD4-1, a HECT domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, binds via its HECT domain directly with SAG's C-terminal RING domain and ubiquitylates SAG for proteasome-mediated. We also found that SAG bridges NEDD4-1 via its C-terminus and CUL-5 via its N-terminus to form a NEDD4-1/SAG/CUL-5 tri-complex. Biologically, NEDD4-1 overexpression sensitizes cancer cells to etoposide-induced apoptosis by reducing SAG levels through targeted degradation. Thus, SAG is added to a growing list of NEDD4-1 substrates and mediates its biological function. degradation. " SIGNOR-272843 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20974802 t gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6. External stimuli, which control the activity of mapks, such as phorbol esters and fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) control the choice of the lrp6-ppps/tp kinase and regulate the amplitude of lrp6 phosphorylation and wnt/beta-catenin-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-169001 ORF6 protein Q19QW5 UNIPROT KPNB1 protein Q14974 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 17596301 t lperfetto "ORF6 also retained KPNB1 at the ER/Golgi membrane in complex with KPNA2. Deletion of the N terminus of KPNA2, which binds KPNB1, no longer retained KPNB1 at the ER/Golgi membrane in the presence of ORF6 and did not antagonize STAT1 nuclear import in response to IFN-beta" SIGNOR-260275 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PHF20 protein Q9BVI0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 ELRRRKIsKGCEVPL 9606 22334668 t llicata "Akt phosphorylates phf20 at ser(291) in vitro and in vivo, which results in its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and attenuation of phf20 function." SIGNOR-252529 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18172616 f miannu "This study indicates that hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha) bound to the proximal promoter motif not only enhances the basal reporter activity of UGT1A1, including the distal (-3570/-3180) and proximal (-165/-1) regions, but also influences the transcriptional regulation of UGT1A1 by CAR, PXR, GR, and AhR to markedly enhance reporter activities." SIGNOR-254437 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of Smads mediated by ERK2, GSK3β, and CDK2/4 negatively regulates Smad activity" SIGNOR-161609 IMMT protein Q16891 UNIPROT PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 27153535 t miannu "MIC60 Is Crucial for Parkin Recruitment and Transiently Interacts with PINK1" SIGNOR-266301 UBAC1 protein Q9BSL1 UNIPROT KPC complex SIGNOR-C523 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 15531880 t miannu " We now describe a previously unidentified E3 complex: KPC (Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex), consisting of KPC1 and KPC2. KPC1 contains a RING-finger domain, and KPC2 contains a ubiquitin-like domain and two ubiquitin-associated domains. KPC interacts with and ubiquitinates p27(Kip1) and is localized to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of KPC promoted the degradation of p27(Kip1), whereas a dominant-negative mutant of KPC1 delayed p27(Kip1) degradation. " SIGNOR-271512 FGF9 protein P31371 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22298955 f "FGF-2 and FGF-9 increased expression of other??osteogenic??factors??BMP-2??and TGFbeta-1" gcesareni "Fgf-2 and fgf-9 increased expression of other osteogenic factors bmp-2 and tgf-beta1, and endogenous fgf/fgfr signaling is a positive upstream regulator of the bmp-2 gene in calvarial osteoblasts" SIGNOR-195594 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001660 9435577 t lperfetto "These studies revealed that PI 3-kinase is associated in vivo with both TGF-_ receptor subtypes and that TGF-_1 stimulation enhances PI 3-kinase activity associated with type I TGF-_ receptor in hASM cells." SIGNOR-252730 tazarotene chemical CHEBI:32184 ChEBI RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 19058965 t Luana "Tazarotene and its analogue 8 are RAR-β,γ selective acetylenic retinoids, whereas analogue 9 is very active on the three subtypes. " SIGNOR-258029 FOXE1 protein O00358 UNIPROT TGFB3 protein P10600 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21177256 f miannu "The MSX1 and TGF-β3 up-regulation in response to FOXE1 at both transcriptional and translational levels and the recruitment of FOXE1 to specific binding motifs, together with the transactivation of the promoters of these genes, indicate that MSX1 and TGF-β3 are direct FOXE1 targets." SIGNOR-254174 CYP11B1 protein P15538 UNIPROT 11-deoxycortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:28324 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000050 9814482 t lperfetto "Recombinant CYP11B genes encode enzymes that can catalyze conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol, 18-hydroxycortisol, and 18-oxocortisol." SIGNOR-268679 INSIG2 protein Q9Y5U4 UNIPROT SCAP protein Q12770 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 12242332 t "insig-2, a second protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that blocks the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) by binding to SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein) in a sterol-regulated fashion, thus preventing it from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi." SIGNOR-256209 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser2152 TRRRRAPsVANVGSH 9606 16442073 t "Filamin is a phosphoprotein that organizes actin filaments into networks. We report that a purified C-terminal recombinant region of filamin is a suitable substrate for calcineurin |Mutagenesis analysis showed that a dephosphorylation step occurred in Ser 2152, which was previously shown to provide resistance to calpain cleavage when endogenous PKA is activated. In contrast, phosphorylation of Ser 2152 was recently reported to be necessary for membrane dynamic changes. In this regard, we found that CsA protects filamin in platelets from calpain degradation." SIGNOR-248362 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20570526 t Luana "Sunitinib [inhibits KDR, PDGFR2, PDGFRβ, c-KIT and FLT3; approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors]," SIGNOR-257849 Halcinonide chemical CHEBI:31663 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 20439738 t gcesareni "We identified four FDA-approved drugs, halcinonide, fluticasone, clobetasol, and fluocinonide, as Smo agonists that activate Hedgehog signaling." SIGNOR-248265 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000830 15526160 f "Numerous studies have implicated the critical importance of the Ras/Erk pathway in cell division and survival" SIGNOR-254948 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18596912 t lperfetto "The genomic activity of ppargamma is modulated, in addition to ligand binding, by phosphorylation of a serine residue by mapks, such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (erk-1/2), or by nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization through the erk activators mapk kinases-1/2 (mek-1/2). These mapks phosphorylate (in humans) ser 84 in the ppargamma1 and ser 114 in ppargamma2 isoform." SIGNOR-244971 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT MAP3K12 protein Q12852 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11416147 t gcesareni "One explanation as provided by our model is that mlk3 and dlk interact indirectly via posh with mutual activation when both are wild-type the multidomain protein posh binds to the constitutively active form of rac1, which is known to regulate the activity of mlks, while jip1 binds to mlks and additional components of the jnk pathway and appears to be capable of activating mlks" SIGNOR-108577 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG 9606 SIGNOR-C110 11955436 t gcesareni "Wnt regulation of beta-catenin degradation is essential for development and carcinogenesis. beta-catenin degradation is initiated upon amino-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation, which is believed to be performed by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in complex with tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adnomatous polyposis coli (APC)." SIGNOR-116528 RPL22 protein P35268 UNIPROT RPL22L1 protein Q6P5R6 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23990801 f miannu "We find that rpl22 directly represses expression of rpl22l1 mrna by binding to an internal hairpin structure." SIGNOR-202600 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT YARS2 protein Q9Y2Z4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269432 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2276 SFKSALSerPSKSPA -1 26051540 t irozzo "Cdk1 phosphorylates conserved sites within RanBP2 and activates BicD2 binding and early dynein recruitment." SIGNOR-259120 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253166 "1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60110 ChEBI phosphatidylglycerol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:60523 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10090 21641550 t lperfetto "PGP is an essential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of cardiolipin, a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid regulating the membrane integrity and activities of the organelle. We further demonstrate that PTPMT1 specifically dephosphorylates PGP in vitro. Loss of PTPMT1 leads to dramatic diminution of cardiolipin, which can be partially reversed by the expression of catalytic active PTPMT1. Our study identifies PTPMT1 as the mammalian PGP phosphatase and points to its role as a regulator of cardiolipin biosynthesis." SIGNOR-267027 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT ABCG2 protein Q9UNQ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002042 16785230 f miannu "these results uncovered a mechanism by which up-regulation of functional ABCG2 expression can be achieved via exogenous or endogenous activation of the lipid-activated transcription factor, PPARgamma." SIGNOR-255054 CIB2 protein O75838 UNIPROT "a7/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C126 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 35408910 t miannu "So far, two integrins have been found to interact with CIB2: αIIbβ3 is expressed by platelets and megakaryocytes and, apparently, a common target for all CIB family members, at odds with α7Bβ1D, which seems to be CIB2-specific and is expressed in skeletal muscles." SIGNOR-269668 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001073 29407449 t scontino "T3 binds its receptor (TR) in the nucleus. TRs are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the type II group of NHRs. TRs are encoded by two genes, Thra and Thrb." SIGNOR-267255 NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT MAML3 protein Q96JK9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12370315 t gcesareni "Moreover, as determined by using coimmunoprecipitation assays, each maml protein was found to be capable of forming a multiprotein complex with the intracellular domain of each notch receptor (icn1 to -4) and csl in vivo" SIGNOR-94109 IQSEC2 protein Q5JU85 UNIPROT GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 27009485 t miannu "BRAG1 increases the synaptic recycling pool of AMPARs.these data suggest that the BRAG1 enhancement of AMPAR transmission is mediated by the increased expression of the recycling pool of synaptic GluA2/3 receptors." SIGNOR-264912 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr180 EFKNIFGtPEFVAPE 9606 15611134 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis showed that phosphorylation of thr180 in the kinase activation t-loop, thr225 in the substrate-binding groove, and thr265 in kinase subdomain x is essential for full zipk autophosphorylation and activity toward exogenous substrates." SIGNOR-132459 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Several compounds proposed as ‘atypical’ antipsychoticagents were found to exhibit agonist activity at 5-HT1A EC values were greater than the respective Kvalues50i .21.8""5.8-fold difference,ns10 and a high degree of correlation was observed. All the compounds displayed high or marked bind-ing affinity at CHO-h5-HT1A receptors except for olanzapine, which exhibited a micromolar Kvalue at h5-HTi1A receptors (table3)." SIGNOR-258835 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Bcma overexpression activates elk-1 nuclear factor" SIGNOR-79486 "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266501 SYCP3 protein Q8IZU3 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22394509 t miannu "The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure of chromosome bivalents whose assembly is indispensable for the successful progression of the first meiotic division of sexually reproducing organisms. four proteins were identified that locate specifically to the CE: SYCE1, SYCE2, SYCE3 and TEX12. These three proteins (SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3) are essential for synapsis initiation, as no CE-structures are formed in the absence of any of these proteins. The final step, i.e. synapsis extension over the entire length of the homologs, requires loading of both SYCE2 and TEX12. In their absence, short pieces of CE-like structures composed of SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3 are formed that, however, cannot mature to a SC central region." SIGNOR-264200 UNC5C protein O95185 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268165 "alvocidib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:90998 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192461 ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT EGF protein P01133 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "Like ADAM17, ADAM10 has also been implicated in the activation of specific EGFR ligands, especially EGF and betacellulin" SIGNOR-259840 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser745 FEKEKLKsQWNNDNP 9606 BTO:0000751 11700305 t lperfetto "Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) delta and PKCbetaI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCalpha and PKCeta also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCalpha additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. |" SIGNOR-249118 HOXC11 protein O43248 UNIPROT S100B protein P04271 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17488478 t Luana "HOXC6 and HOXC11 increase transcription of S100beta gene in BrdU-induced in vitro differentiation of GOTO neuroblastoma cells into Schwannian cells." SIGNOR-261647 DCAF4 protein Q8WV16 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 32014991 t miannu "DCAF4-mediated ubiquitination of OPTN facilitates the degradation of DBR-exposed SOD1. OPTN is involved in degradation of DBR-exposed SOD1. These data demonstrate that DCAF4-including CRL4 complex mediates OPTN ubiquitination at lysine 501, and this ubiquitination is absent in the ALS-related OPTNmut." SIGNOR-272211 neratinib chemical CHEBI:61397 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194628 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr80 MARKMKDtDSEEEIR -1 26675311 t miannu "Phosphorylation of CaM at four sites by CK2 was found to follow a sequential order, with Ser81 as the first, Thr79 as the second, and Ser101 or Thr117 as the third." SIGNOR-266356 PHA-848125 chemical CID:16718576 PUBCHEM CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206151 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr163 TDGSLPStPPPAEEE 9606 18676833 t gcesareni "We found that jnk phosphorylated ser-121 and thr-163 of mcl-1 in response to stimulation with h(2)o(2) and that transfection of unphosphorylatable mcl-1 resulted in an enhanced anti-apoptotic activity in response to stimulation with h(2)o(2). Jnk-dependent phosphorylation and thus inactivation of mcl-1 may be one of the mechanisms through which oxidative stress induces cellular damage." SIGNOR-179808 ACIN1 protein Q9UKV3 UNIPROT Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10490026 f "Cleaved by CASP3" amattioni "Acinus induces apoptotic chromatin condensation after cleavage by caspase-3 without inducing dna fragmentation." SIGNOR-70797 DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000457 23132247 t gcesareni "Mechanistically, Dishevelled binds and directly inhibits CSL transcription factors downstream of Notch receptors, reducing their activity. Furthermore, our data suggest that this crosstalk mechanism is conserved between vertebrate and invertebrate homologues. Thus, we identify a dual function for Dishevelled as an inhibitor of Notch signalling and an activator of the Wnt pathway that sharpens the distinction between opposing Wnt and Notch responses, allowing for robust cell-fate decisions." SIGNOR-243999 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT SH3GL1 protein Q99961 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr315 QPSCKALyDFEPEND 9606 16054026 t llicata "These results identified y315 of endophilin a2 as a major phosphorylation site by fak/src complex. tyr315 phosphorylation inhibited endophilin/dynamin interactions, and blockade of tyr315 phosphorylation promoted endocytosis of mt1-mmp." SIGNOR-139146 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PGAM1 protein P18669 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 QVKIWRRsYDVPPPP 9606 BTO:0000130 12189148 t "Activated pak1" gcesareni "Activated pak1 inhibits glycolysis by association of its catalytic domain with pgam-b and subsequent phosphorylation of the enzyme on serine residues 23 and 118, thereby abolishing pgam activity." SIGNOR-91594 RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT NR0B1 protein P51843 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002588 19237537 t miannu "RNF31 promotes monoubiquitination of DAX-1 in an RBR domain-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results suggest that the major DAX-1 modification observed in different experimental settings is likely to be monoubiquitination at one or more lysine residues (multiubiquitination) possibly located within the LBD of DAX-1. RNF31 stabilizes endogenous DAX-1." SIGNOR-271786 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "In this study, we demonstrate that akt also regulates the activity of fkhrl1, a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors. In the presence of survival factors, akt phosphorylates fkhrl1, leading to fkhrl1's association with 14-3-3 proteins and fkhrl1's retention in the cytoplasm. Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-183608 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 9606 12138178 t miannu "Stat1 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and translocates into the nucleus, where it binds to dna to activate transcription. The activity of stat1 is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation, and its inactivation in the nucleus is accomplished by a previously unknown protein tyrosine phosphatase (ptp). We have now purified a stat1 ptp activity from hela cell nuclear extract and identified it as tc45, the nuclear isoform of the t-cell ptp (tc-ptp). Tc45 can dephosphorylate stat1 both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-90814 CP-91149 chemical CID:9843900 PUBCHEM PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191112 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 14976264 t lperfetto "Sirt1 increased foxo3's ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-122405 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257451 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ITPKA protein P23677 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr311 EHAQRAVtKPRYMQW 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000975;BTO:0000142 9155020 t lperfetto "D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase a is activated by receptor activation through a calcium:calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii phosphorylation mechanism. the phosphorylated residue was thr311." SIGNOR-48387 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Thr451 PIPKALGtPVLTPPT 9606 BTO:0000848 BTO:0001253 20959475 t lperfetto "Braf(v600e) signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and c-jun nh(2) terminal kinase-mediated activation of foxo4 via its phosphorylation on thr(223), ser(226), thr(447), and thr(451)." SIGNOR-252955 ATP6AP1 protein Q15904 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 28296633 f miannu "Depletion or inhibition of the V-ATPase stabilises HIF1α in aerobic conditions." SIGNOR-261347 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260100 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9534 7629118 t "Tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in vivo depends upon the presence of its pleckstrin homology region." SIGNOR-253604 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC9 protein Q93079 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265391 PBX2 protein P40425 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265804 EBNA1 protein P03211 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" destabilization 9606 BTO:0000192 17486072 f scontino "The studies described above show that SMAD2 protein levels are reduced by EBNA1 with consequent attenuation of SMAD2 activation in response to TGFβ1. This analysis confirmed the stability of the EBNA1 protein and revealed that the SMAD2 protein is more rapidly degraded in Ad/AH cells expressing EBNA1 as compared to the control cells." SIGNOR-267615 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "In vertebrates,pka-mediated phosphorylation of gli2 and gli3 initiates a phosphorylation cascade that leads to processing into repressors of transcription or frank degradation" SIGNOR-154276 TAK-960 chemical CID:53357478 PUBCHEM PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207200 "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 9404080 t "A full-length cDNA, which encodes a human placental fructose-6-phosphate,2-kinase/ fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, was constructed and expressed in¬†Escherichia coli. [...]The expressed enzyme was bifunctional with¬†Vmax¬†values of 142 and 0.2 milliunits/mg for the kinase and phosphatase activities, respectively." SIGNOR-267261 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZNF598 protein Q86UK7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271185 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t lperfetto "Syk and zap-70 were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site. Of the two potential grb2 binding sites (y239 and y317), y239 appears to play a greater role in recruiting sos through grb2." SIGNOR-59623 dactolisib chemical CHEBI:71952 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000848 21803746 t "ATP-competitive inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR" gcesareni "The dual pi3k and mtorc1/2 inhibitor bez235 was highly specific" SIGNOR-175715 glutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57378 ChEBI glutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30921 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271815 VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18508258 f miannu "Here we review recent findings into Ena/VASP function in neurite initiation, axon outgrowth and guidance." SIGNOR-268393 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 24600449 f miannu "A main role of SOCS3 results from its binding to both the JAK kinase and the cytokine receptor, which results in the inhibition of STAT3 activation." SIGNOR-255330 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser10 GAIASRMsFSSLKRK 9606 18071304 t lperfetto "Merlin contains a c-terminal serine 518, which is phosphorylated both by p21-activated kinase (pak) and protein kinase a (pka) (shaw et al., 2001;kissil et al., 2002;xiao et al., 2002;alfthan et al., 2004). Phosphorylation at this site is predicted to result in a more open conformation incapable of inhibiting cell growth," SIGNOR-159840 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT KRT20 protein P35900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 RSFHRSLsSSLQAPV -1 20724476 t miannu "P38 phosphorylates the type II keratin, K8 at Ser73, whereas MK2 phosphorylates the binding partners K18 at Ser52 and K20 at Ser13." SIGNOR-263071 USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT BACE1 protein P56817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination Lys501 ADDISLLk 9606 BTO:0003704 27302062 t irozzo "Accordingly, we reported that BACE1 is ubiquitinated at lysine 501 and that lack of ubiquitination at lysine 501 produces BACE1 stabilization.Our findings demonstrate that USP8 plays a key role in the trafficking and degradation of BACE1 by deubiquitinating lysine 501." SIGNOR-259101 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18231581 f lperfetto "Induction and over-production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and INF-c, were considered to be main mediators in the pathogenesis of SARS" SIGNOR-260256 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser671 RKRSTRRsVRGSQAQ 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272509 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr317 TEQDLQLyCDFPNII 9606 BTO:0000007 19364823 t "16705160:the phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser523 inhibits Jak2 activity and represents a novel mechanism for the regulation of Jak2-dependent cytokine signaling." lperfetto "Analysis of in vitro autophosphorylated jak2while cytokine receptor stimulation mediates the phosphorylation of both tyr317 and tyr637, these residues oppositely regulate jak2-dependent signaling: the mutation of tyr317 enhances jak2 function, suggesting a role for the phosphorylation of tyr317 in the inhibition of jak2. Conversely, mutation of tyr637 reduces jak2 signaling, suggesting a role for the phosphorylation of this residue in the activation of jak2." SIGNOR-236502 "MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C89 SIGNOR H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-268803 "JNJ-28312141 free base" chemical CID:11676971 PUBCHEM CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258228 CNOT4 protein O95628 UNIPROT RBM15 protein Q96T37 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26575292 t miannu "We demonstrate that RBM15 is methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) at residue R578, leading to its degradation via ubiquitylation by an E3 ligase (CNOT4). " SIGNOR-271466 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 23936544 t lperfetto "MAPKs have cis-acting regulatory elements in the mouse-TGF promoter region, which respond to various transcription factors, including specificity protein-1 and activating protein 1. Thus, it is possible that apoptotic cell-induced TGF-beta mRNA expression is mediated through activation of these transcription factors via MAPK signaling. Xiao et al. reported that all of the MAPK members, including p38/ERK/JNK, are required for apoptotic Jurkat cells up-regulation of TGF-beta production" SIGNOR-251713 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20828404 t gcesareni "Upon ligand binding, non-canonical wnt signaling controls tissue polarity and cell movement through the activation of rhoa, c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), and nemo-like kinase (nlk) signaling cascades." SIGNOR-167865 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 17151142 t "These data indicate that myogenic activation of p38 requires TNF-alpha receptor-mediated signaling" SIGNOR-253592 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12496362 t flangone "We confirmed that lar dephosphorylated the phosphorylated tyrosine residues of lck..Activation Of lck and fyn involves tyrosine dephosphorylation of the cooh-terminal regulatory domain of kinases, followed by autophosphorylation of the kinase domain." SIGNOR-96771 SNRPF protein P62306 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270631 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser683 QAQDRKLsTKEALDE 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272511 BRSK1 protein Q8TDC3 UNIPROT TUBG1 protein P23258 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser131 READGSDsLEGFVLC 9606 19648910 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q8TDC3-2" llicata "Sadb kinases associate and phosphorylate gamma-tubulin on ser 131 s131d gamma-tubulin expression amplifies centrosome duplication" SIGNOR-187405 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 9606 10831586 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation on ser-10 of kip1 is the major site of phosphorylation in resting cells, takes place at the g(0)-g1 phase and leads to protein stability." SIGNOR-244622 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT E2F2 protein Q14209 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22569856 t gcesareni "Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (rb) drives cell proliferation through rb complexes with e2f transcription factors and other regulatory proteins." SIGNOR-197328 MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly906 EGPPGPQgLAGQRGI 9606 8609233 t miannu "Although it appears that MMP-1 and MMP-13 both cleave type II collagen initially at the same site, MMP-13 affects a secondary cleavage to produce a 1/4-size collagen fragment with an NH2 terminus three amino acids removed from the primary cleavage site.The present work has demonstrated expression of MMP-13 in human osteoarthritic cartilage and shown that MMP-13 has significant type II collagen degrading activity." SIGNOR-256340 NAA38 protein Q9BRA0 UNIPROT NatC complex SIGNOR-C417 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19398576 t miannu "We here identify and characterize the human NatC (hNatC) complex, containing the catalytic subunit hMak3 and the auxiliary subunits hMak10 and hMak31. This complex associates with ribosomes, and hMak3 acetylates Met-Leu protein N termini in vitro, suggesting a model in which the human NatC complex functions in cotranslational N-terminal acetylation." SIGNOR-267235 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT ASB8 protein Q9H765 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser31 RTIAAIRsFPHDNVE 9606 BTO:0000007 31009856 t lperfetto "We found that ASB8 was phosphorylated at the N-terminal Ser-31 by host IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta). In turn, ASB8 facilitated K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of IKKbeta via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, resulting in remarkable inhibition of I-kappa-B-alpha (IkappaBalpha) and of p65 phosphorylation, consequently suppressing NF-kappaB activity." SIGNOR-272242 6-[2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]quinoxaline chemical CHEBI:91391 ChEBI TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206715 EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269128 MAP4K3 protein Q8IVH8 UNIPROT PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr538 LGDAKTNtFCGTPDY 9606 BTO:0000782 21983831 t llicata "We report that the kinase glk (map4k3) directly activated pkc-? During tcr signaling." SIGNOR-176744 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SAT1 protein P21673 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser149 RRGASDLsSEEGWRL -1 8954982 t llicata "Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates recombinant human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase on both serine and threonine residues. | suggesting that the Ser-phosphorylated residues are located in the C-terminus of the protein, probably Ser 146 and 149." SIGNOR-250950 ziprasidone chemical CHEBI:10119 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258500 GMPS protein P49915 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 6698284 t miannu "The de novo synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) involves the oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) followed by amination to GMP. This latter reaction is catalyzed by GMP synthetase. (XMP: I.-glutamine amidoligase (AMP) EC 6.3.5.2)." SIGNOR-267341 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1920 SPTYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120152 MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 21261500 f miannu "HOXA9/HOXA10 activated expression of NMYC which in turn mediated MEF2C repression, indicating an indirect mode of regulation via NMYC interactor (NMI) and STAT5." SIGNOR-254214 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Lar ptpase shows strong preference for dephosphorylation first at py5 (at tri-, di-, and monophosphotyrosyl levels). Initially this regioselectivity gives the y5(py9)(py10) diphospho regioisomer, followed by equal dephosphorylation at py9 or py10 to give the corresponding monophosphoryl species on the way to fully dephosphorylated product." SIGNOR-76005 NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 1340770 t lperfetto "Nf-kappa b is an inducible transcription factor comprised of a 50-kd (p50) and a 65-kd (p65) subunit. Induction of nf-kappa b activity, which is a critical event in many signal transduction pathways, involves release from a cytoplasmic inhibitory protein, i kappa b, followed by translocation of the active transcription factor complex into the nucleus. we demonstrate by in vitro and in vivo methods that the recently cloned i kappa b/mad-3 interacts with both the p50 and p65 subunits of nf-kappa b" SIGNOR-17688 SLC6A3 protein Q01959 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30465801 t miannu "Key regulators of transmitter release and the signaling dynamics of dopamine are the plasma membrane reuptake transporter (DAT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2). These proteins serve to remove dopamine molecules from the extracellular and cytosolic space, respectively and both determine the amount of transmitter released from synaptic vesicles." SIGNOR-269189 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:27978 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "Following release, 5-HT receptor activation and reuptake by 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), serotonin is degraded by MAO (monoamine oxidase) and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) into 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA)." SIGNOR-264187 FHL2 protein Q14192 UNIPROT SPHK1 protein Q9NYA1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000562 16888242 t llicata "FHL2/SLIM3 decreases cardiomyocyte survival by inhibitory interaction with sphingosine kinase-1." SIGNOR-237775 TIGAR protein Q9NQ88 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58579 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27803158 t miannu "TP53 inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a bisphosphatase that reduces glycolysis and is highly expressed in carcinoma cells in the majority of human breast cancers. TIGAR decreases glycolysis by functioning as a bisphosphatase that reduces levels of intracellular fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (7, 9), which are regulators of glycolysis." SIGNOR-267364 KLHL22 protein Q53GT1 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 23455478 t miannu "Here, we identify PLK1 as a target of the cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, containing the BTB adaptor KLHL22, which regulates chromosome alignment and PLK1 kinetochore localization but not PLK1 stability. In the absence of KLHL22, PLK1 accumulates on kinetochores, resulting in activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). CUL3-KLHL22 ubiquitylates Lys 492, located within the PBD, leading to PLK1 dissociation from kinetochore phosphoreceptors. " SIGNOR-272108 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys492 YMSEHLLkAGANITP -1 23455478 t miannu "Here, we identify PLK1 as a target of the cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, containing the BTB adaptor KLHL22, which regulates chromosome alignment and PLK1 kinetochore localization but not PLK1 stability. In the absence of KLHL22, PLK1 accumulates on kinetochores, resulting in activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). CUL3-KLHL22 ubiquitylates Lys 492, located within the PBD, leading to PLK1 dissociation from kinetochore phosphoreceptors. " SIGNOR-272110 "Myog/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C94 SIGNOR MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t miannu "Upon the expression of myogenin, myogenin, mef2d, and brg1 localize to the myogenin promoter to maintain myogenin expression./ Swi/snf chromatin-remodeling activity is required for myogenin expression in differentiated skeletal muscle" SIGNOR-151697 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10896679 f lperfetto "Two candidates that may function as mediators of pi3-k in the phosphorylation of mef2 proteins are pkb and big map kinase 1." SIGNOR-79335 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr694 DSPSDGGtPGRMPPQ 9606 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104707 SLC25A1 protein P53007 UNIPROT D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29651165 t "SLC25A1, a mitochondrial carrier that promotes the flux of citrate/isocitrate across the mitochondria, in exchange for the entry of cytosolic malate" SIGNOR-267290 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SH3RF2 protein Q8TEC5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271203 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15591535 f gcesareni "We now show that the other nur factors, nurr1 and nor-1, are also subject to antagonism by gr and that this transrepression appears to involve direct protein-protein interactions between the dbds of gr and nur factors." SIGNOR-132309 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 10558990 t lperfetto "The rsks catalyze the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein bad at serine 112 to promote cell survival." SIGNOR-180910 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser79 EMVPSSPsPPPPPRV 9534 10748061 t Luana "RARg Is Phosphorylated by cdk7 in Its B and F Regions | Mutation into alanine of Ser-77 and Ser-79 located in the A/B region reduced the transcriptional activity of hRARg1 (Fig. 9A), confirming that these phosphorylation sites are required for optimal transcription." SIGNOR-259852 EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24714526 f miannu "Reduction of globin inclusions and induction of ATF4 and HbF by the HRI-eIF2αP signaling provide strong bases for targeting this pathway for novel pharmaceutical therapy of hemoglobinopathy." SIGNOR-251820 BKM120 chemical CHEBI:71954 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190389 NDUFA1 protein O15239 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262150 L-isoprenaline chemical CHEBI:6257 ChEBI ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257458 CXCL10 protein P02778 UNIPROT ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "Taken together, these data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm. In this scenario,the release by immune effector cells of large amounts of pro-in-flammatory cytokines (IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-33,TNFα, TGFβ) and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2, CCL3,CCL5) precipitates and sustains the aberrant systemic inflammatoryresponse. The cytokine storm is readily followed by theimmune system “attacking” the body, which in turn will cause ARDSand multiple organ failure, the final result being death, at least in themost severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection" SIGNOR-261031 blinatumomab antibody DB09052 DRUGBANK CD33 protein P20138 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 25883042 t miannu "Blinatumomab, a bispecific antibody construct targeting CD19, is the most advanced member of bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) molecules. all data strongly suggest CD33 as a suitable target antigen for BiTE® therapy in AML." SIGNOR-259889 tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29186 ChEBI Asp-tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29158 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270377 TCP1 protein P17987 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272863 TAF2 protein Q6P1X5 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263931 BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16384933 f gcesareni "One mechanism by which this inhibition occurs is through bcl-3-mediated induction of the p53 inhibitor hdm2. Both stable and transient overexpression of bcl-3 leads to increased hdm2 expression, and small interfering rna (sirna)-mediated knockdown of bcl-3 blocks expression of hdm2. ( articolo-abstract)" SIGNOR-143403 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163242 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 15896785 t "10226025:Protein kinase B (PKB) is activated by phosphorylation of Thr308 and of Ser473." acerquone "Knock-down of lar by the l3 sirna probe markedly inhibited the insulin-stimulated increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase b (pkb, also called akt) on serine 473 by >90%" SIGNOR-137246 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 SIGNOR-C15 21565617 t gcesareni "We show here that in liver, class iia hdacs (hdac4, 5, and 7) are phosphorylated and excluded from the nucleus by ampk family kinases." SIGNOR-173689 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT USP22 protein Q9UPT9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26049753 f "USP22 deubiquitinase was overexpressed in FLT3-ITD positive AML CD34+ cells.USP22 expression was regulated by c-MYC and contributed to c-MYC mediated reduction in SIRT1 polyubiquitination and degradation. USP22 directly interacted with and removing polyubiquitin chains from SIRT1 to increase SIRT1 protein stabilization and expression. These results support a role for USP22 in MYC-mediated increase in SIRT1 protein stabilization, and indicate that FLT3-ITD, c-MYC and USP22 form an oncogenic network that enhances SIRT1 expression and activity in leukemic cells." SIGNOR-261559 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT SRSF2 protein Q01130 UNIPROT down-regulates acetylation Lys52 IPRDRYTkESRGFAF 9606 21157427 t miannu "In this study, we provide the first evidence that the acetyltransferase tip60 acetylates srsf2 on its lysine 52 residue inside the rna recognition motif, and promotes its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-170594 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr570 SSNFDSIyICPSTFA 9606 20029029 t gcesareni "A negative feedback loop consisting of egfr-mediated phosphorylation of hdac6 tyr(570) resulted in reduced deacetylase activity and increased acetylation of alpha-tubulin." SIGNOR-162431 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser285 NHTLAPAsPAPARPR -1 11113134 t llicata "Amphiphysin is phosphorylated by cdk5 in a region including serines 272, 276, and 285. Amphiphysin 1 is also phosphorylated by the cdc2/cyclin B kinase complex in the same region and undergoes mitotic phosphorylation in dividing cells. " SIGNOR-250650 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MED1 protein Q15648 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1032 SSSNRPFtPPTSTGG 9606 16314496 t fstefani "We demonstrate that erk phosphorylates trap220/med1 in vivo at two specific sites: threonine 1032 and threonine 1457. importantly, we found that erk phosphorylation significantly increases the stability and half-life of trap220/med1 in vivo and correlates with increased thyroid hormone receptor-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-142458 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1406 GAGGRRLsSFVTKGY -1 17485345 t miannu "The multifunctional protein CAD initiates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells. CAD is activated by MAP kinase (Erk1/2) just prior to the S phase of the cell cycle, when the demand for pyrimidine nucleotides is greatest, and down-regulated as the cells emerge from S phase by protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. MAP kinase phosphorylates Thr456, while PKA phosphorylates Ser1406 and Ser1859, although only Ser1406 is involved in regulation. " SIGNOR-267442 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11331591 f lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that the inhibition of cbfa1 transcription by TGF-_ requires both the presence of CBFA1 and CBFA1 binding to the cbfa1 promoter." SIGNOR-235533 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr334 QSTKVPQtPLHTSRV 9606 BTO:0000130 14499342 t lperfetto "Mapk-activated protein kinase-2 (mk2) is activated by p38 mapk in human neutrophils." SIGNOR-118044 NBEAL2 protein Q6ZNJ1 UNIPROT SELP protein P16109 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 28082341 f lperfetto "Recent in vitro megakaryopoiesis studies using HSCs from GPS patients with NBEAL2 mutations showed normal MK differentiation with defective proplatelet formation and reduced α-granule proteins such as von Willebrand factor (VWF), thrombospondin and P-selectin." SIGNOR-261885 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT TDO2 protein P48775 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 16272140 t lperfetto "Repression of GR-mediated expression of the tryptophan oxygenase gene by the SWI/SNF complex during liver development." SIGNOR-268995 NFYB protein P25208 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15496512 f miannu "Coactivator RNF4 is involved in the GCH gene expression. Through serial deletion and mutagenesis studies of the GCH promoter, we defined the RNF4-responsive element on GCH proximal promoter as a CCAAT box. RNF4 did not possess specific DNA binding activity toward this CCAAT box, which suggests that RNF4 may be a coactivator of the CCAAT boxbinding protein nuclear factor Y (NF-Y). RNF4 is a coactivator for nuclear factor Y on GTP cyclohydrolase I proximal promoter." SIGNOR-252233 TM9SF4 protein Q92544 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29125601 t miannu "TM9SF4 inhibited mTOR activity in HEK293 cells. Under nutrient starvation, TM9SF4 functions to facilitate mTOR inactivation, resulting in an enhanced autophagic flux, which serves to protect cells from apoptotic cell death." SIGNOR-266703 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0001129 20606012 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that AKT is a direct substrate of PTK6 and that AKT tyrosine residues 315 and 326 are phosphorylated by PTK6." SIGNOR-166506 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser537 DNSMSVPsPTSATKT 10090 BTO:0000964 34048556 t lperfetto "Once an oocyte resumes meiosis, activated CDK1 and ERK1/2 cooperatively mediate the phosphorylation of three serine residues of PAPalpha, 537, 545 and 558, thereby leading to increased activity." SIGNOR-268338 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 22653727 t lperfetto "Crystal structure of the heterodimeric CLOCK:BMAL1 transcriptional activator complex|The structure of the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex is a starting point for understanding at an atomic level the mechanism driving the mammalian circadian clock." SIGNOR-253708 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr199 NLDDCSMyEDISRGL -1 9531288 t "Lyn and Fyn phosphorylated the CD79a cytoplasmic portion of the fusion proteins well, with >80% of phosphorylation occurring at Y182. CD79a and CD79b function as transducers of B cell antigen receptor signals via a cytoplasmic sequence, termed the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)." SIGNOR-251153 ADSL protein P30566 UNIPROT N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxylatoethyl)-AMP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57567 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-266612 C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT CR1 protein P17927 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263466 "Papain-like proteinase" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037311 UNIPROT TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 31226023 t miannu "Overexpressing PLPro of SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV significantly reduced the expression of IFN-β and proinflammatory cytokines in MDA5-stimulated 293T cells (83).Also, SARS-CoVPLPro catalyzed deubiquitination of TNF-receptor-associated factor3 (TRAF3) and TRAF6, thereby suppressing IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines induced by TLR7 agonist (63). The deubiquitinating activity of SARS-CoV PLPro also suppressed a constitutively active phosphomimetic IRF3, suggesting its involvement in the postactivation signaling of IRF3" SIGNOR-260246 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 15380617 t gcesareni "Found that chk2 associated with the b' regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase pp2a. In vitro kinase assays showed that b'gamma3 was a potent chk2 substrate. This phosphorylation increased the catalytic phosphatase activity of pp2a." SIGNOR-129255 RRM1 protein P23921 UNIPROT "Ribonucleotide reductase" complex SIGNOR-C233 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14583450 t miannu "Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is responsible for the de novo conversion of the ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, which are essential for DNA synthesis and repair.RR consists of two subunits, hRRM1 and hRRM2." SIGNOR-259363 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT ANKH protein Q9HCJ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20930330 f miannu "TGF-β1 was shown to stimulate ANK and PC-1 expression in articular chondrocytes, and subsequent ePPi level, as well as to increase ePi uptake by inducing PiT-1 expression in a chondrogenic cell line." SIGNOR-252201 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser7 sPAPLSPL 9606 BTO:0000150 22128155 t gcesareni "Ogether, our results suggest that p38 phosphorylation of foxo3a on ser-7 is essential for its nuclear relocalization in response to doxorubicin" SIGNOR-252960 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1497 EPGVERSsPSKCPSL 9606 BTO:0000551 19683496 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-187603 EFNA3 protein P52797 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "The eph family of receptors." SIGNOR-52309 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0002314 25047835 f "Knockdown (KD) of either mTORC or its subunit Raptor delayed SC activation without influencing the differentiation program." SIGNOR-256273 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT GPKOW protein Q92917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr316 GTASSRKtLWNQELY -1 21880142 t miannu "Using yeast two-hybrid screening with the PKA Cβ2 subunit as bait we identified GPKOW, also known as MOS2 homolog or T54 protein, as an interaction partner for Cβ2.PKA phosphorylates GPKOW at S27 and T316 in vitro. GPKOWs ability to bind RNA is sensitive to mutations of its PKA phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-266310 TJP1 protein Q07157 UNIPROT NHS protein Q6T4R5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 19447104 t miannu "NHS-A is a novel interactor of ZO-1 and is expected to have a role at tight junctions. Its recruitment to these junctions is dependent upon their assembly." SIGNOR-253567 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TLE1 protein Q04724 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser239 KDSSHYDsDGDKSDD 9606 15367661 t lperfetto "These results suggest that ck2 phosphorylation of serine 239 of gro/tle1 is important for its function during neuronal differentiation." SIGNOR-129026 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser353 DSAIDTWsPSEWQMA 9606 BTO:0000007 11259409 t miannu "JNK Phosphorylation of HnRNP K Increases Its Transcriptional Activity. the primary site for JNK phosphorylation consists of serines 216 and 353 on the K protein." SIGNOR-250083 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NR2F2 protein P24468 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14739255 f gcesareni "Gralpha, but not grbeta, enhanced coup-tfii-induced transactivation of the simple coup-tfii-responsive 7alpha-hydroxylase promoter through the transcriptional activity of its activation function-1 domain, whereas coup-tfii repressed gralpha-induced transactivation of the glucocorticoid-responsive promoter by attracting the silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors." SIGNOR-121422 NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12603837 t "Gamma secretase subunit. Leads to PS1/PS2 eterodimer complex stabilisation" gcesareni "Nicastrin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, forms high molecular weight complexes with presenilin 1 and presenilin 2." SIGNOR-98724 (2s)-1-{[5-(3-Methyl-1h-Indazol-5-Yl)pyridin-3-Yl]oxy}-3-Phenylpropan-2-Amine chemical CID:11314340 PUBCHEM AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258064 LTA protein P01374 UNIPROT LTBR protein P36941 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7995952 t gcesareni "These experiments point toward the lt-alpha 1/beta 2 complex as the predominant membrane form of lt on the lymphocyte surface, and this complex is the primary ligand for the lt-beta receptor." SIGNOR-35708 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 24890514 f apalma "Socs1 associates with CSF-1R pTyr-697 and pTyr721 binding sites to inhibit proliferation by an unknown mechanism" SIGNOR-255575 "cyclosporin A" chemical CHEBI:4031 ChEBI Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0001103 15829723 t apalma "On one hand, inhibition of calcineurin with cyclosporin A (CsA) significantly reduced the growth of both the slow/type I soleus muscle and fast/type II plantaris muscle in normal, ambulatory rats" SIGNOR-255102 GPR161 protein Q8N6U8 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23332756 t "Shh signaling directs Gpr161 to be internalized from cilia, preventing its activity." SIGNOR-259936 ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-267534 CHD4 protein Q14839 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263844 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-B receptor" complex SIGNOR-C336 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t miannu "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-264962 HEXIM1 protein O94992 UNIPROT KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000815 31776402 t lperfetto "We previously reported that the tumor suppressor HEXIM1 is a mediator of KDM5B recruitment to its target genes, and HEXIM1 is required for the inhibition of nuclear hormone receptor activity by KDM5B. " SIGNOR-273439 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-N-[2-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-2-benzofurancarboxamide chemical CHEBI:92223 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189168 IL19 protein Q9UHD0 UNIPROT IL20RA protein Q9UHF4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000848 11564763 t gcesareni "Il-19 signals only through the type i il-20r complex." SIGNOR-110671 DYNLL2 protein Q96FJ2 UNIPROT AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20921139 t gcesareni "The beclin 1 vps34 complex is tethered to the cytoskeleton through an interaction between the beclin 1 interacting protein ambra1 and dynein light chains 1/2" SIGNOR-168289 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser293 GSTKRRKsMSGASPK 9606 12676583 t "Phosphorylation is the signal for ubiquitination" gcesareni "We show that ir-induced destruction of cdc25a requires both atm and the chk2-mediated phosphorylation of cdc25a on serine 123. the basal turnover of cdc25a operating in unperturbed s phase required chk1-dependent phosphorylation of serines 123, 178, 278, and 292. Ir-induced acceleration of cdc25a proteolysis correlated with increased phosphate incorporation into these residues generated by a combined action of chk1 and chk2 kinases." SIGNOR-99733 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Lys-tRNA(Lys) smallmolecule CHEBI:16047 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269502 3a protein P59632 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001950 18632968 f Luana "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3a Protein Activates the Mitochondrial Death Pathway Through p38 MAP Kinase Activation" SIGNOR-260444 PRDM16 protein Q9HAZ2 UNIPROT SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19049980 t miannu "Biochemical analysis demonstrated that mel1 interacts with ski and inhibits tgf-_ signaling by stabilizing the inactive smad3-ski complex on the promoter of tgf-_ target genes." SIGNOR-182529 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Msk1 and msk2 directly phosphorilate and activate transcription factors such as creb1, atf1." SIGNOR-166661 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser540 MDSEEPDsRGGSPQM 9606 BTO:0000007 11500362 t "We identify multiple phosphorylation sites in the largest, catalytic, subunit (epsilon) of mammalian eIF2B. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is responsible for phosphorylating Ser535. This regulatory phosphorylation event requires both the fourth site (Ser539) and a distal region, which acts to recruit GSK3 to eIF2Bepsilon in vivo. eIF2Bϵ from mammals or insects is a substrate for glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), and this inhibits the activity of eIF2B" SIGNOR-251215 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9069290 f gcesareni "One consequence of mef2c activation is increased c-jun gene transcription. Our results show that p38 may influence host defence and inflammation by maintaining the balance of c-jun protein consumed during infection" SIGNOR-47139 ELOVL7 protein A1L3X0 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267888 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001279 15233914 t "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation disrupting interaction)" "Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked mutations in the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene cause motor neuron death in about 3% of ALS cases. While the wild-type (wt) protein is anti-apoptotic, mutant SOD1 promotes apoptosis.|We now demonstrate that both wt and mutant SOD1 bind the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, providing evidence of a direct link between SOD1 and an apoptotic pathway. This interaction is evident in vitro and in vivo in mouse and human spinal cord.|These findings provide new insights into the anti-apoptotic function of SOD1 and suggest that entrapment of Bcl-2 by large SOD1 aggregates may deplete motor neurons of this anti-apoptotic protein." SIGNOR-262799 RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT "Ribosome biogenesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH164 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 23318442 f Luana "Ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity controls the ribosome biogenesis transcriptional program" SIGNOR-264619 ATXN2L protein Q8WWM7 UNIPROT MPL protein P40238 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11784712 t miannu "A2d binds to cytokine receptors mpl and epo-r. A2d is associated with these unoccupied receptorsin vivo,and stimulation with tpo or epo causes the rapid dissociation of a2d from the activated receptor." SIGNOR-113891 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257270 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14586398 t miannu "We demonstrate that p53 and ets-1 coregulate TXSA in an antagonistic and inter-related manner, with ets-1 being a potent transcriptional activator and p53 inhibiting ets-1-dependent transcription. We show that ets-1 and p53 associate physically in vitro and in vivo and that their interaction, rather than a direct binding of p53 to the TXSA promoter, is required for transcriptional repression of TXSA by wild-type p53." SIGNOR-254087 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 19808903 t lperfetto "We report a Notch signal-induced pathway that leads to transcriptional activation of HIF1-alpha gene." SIGNOR-209720 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA6 protein Q9UF33 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9576626 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a1 binds and activates the tyrosine kinase activity of eph-a2, and has a dissociation constant of 20_30 nm. ephrin-a1 interacts with all the other epha subclass receptors as well, although with different affinity" SIGNOR-56962 HDLBP protein Q00341 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 33941620 t miannu "Vigilin (Vgl1) is essential for heterochromatin formation, chromosome segregation, and mRNA stability and is associated with autism spectrum disorders and cancer: vigilin, for example, can suppress proto-oncogene c-fms expression in breast cancer." SIGNOR-266696 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr237 KQEKTPKtPKGPSSV 9606 12058066 t lperfetto "Both subtypes of B23 proteins were phosphorylated during mitosis by cyclin B/cdc2. The RNA binding activity of B23.1 was repressed through cyclin B/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation at specific sites in B23. Thus, the RNA binding activity of B23.1 is stringently modulated by its phosphorylation and subtype association." SIGNOR-216749 nifedipine chemical CHEBI:7565 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 9770465 t miannu "In addition to rifampicin, other known inducers of human CYP3A4 expression, including nifedipine and clotrimazole, also activated hPAR." SIGNOR-259066 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20932480 t miannu "Psf is directly phosphorylated by gsk3, thus promoting interaction of psf with trap150, which prevents psf from binding cd45 pre-mrna. / threonine phosphorylation of psf by gsk3 primarily occurs on residue t687" SIGNOR-168385 85375-15-1 chemical CID:6917797 PUBCHEM SLC6A13 protein Q9NSD5 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207066 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "In ad-dition, some proteins (e.g. Chip, carboxyl terminus of hsc70-interacting protein) inhibit the signaling activities of smad1/5 by recruiting smad1/5 from the functional r-/co-smad complex and further pro-moting the ubiquitination and degradation of smad1/5 in a chaperone-independent manner" SIGNOR-195687 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT NR4A2 protein P43354 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9636132 t lperfetto "The recent discovery that the nuclear transcription factor, nurr1, in heterodimeric tandem with rxr, is unequivocally necessary for the expression of dopaminergic neurons" SIGNOR-58309 AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT REN protein P00797 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32201502 t miannu "Renin is an aspartic protease that enzymatically cleaves its substrate angiotensinogen, which is produced by the liver, to form an inactive peptide: angiotensin (Ang)I or Ang (1–10)." SIGNOR-260224 FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000848 9006895 t gcesareni "Sek-1 binds directly and specifically to the actin-binding protein abp-280. As a consequence, active sek-1 is capable of phosphorylating and activating in vitro added bacterial recombinant sapk." SIGNOR-45887 NCBP2 protein P52298 UNIPROT "Cap-binding complex" complex SIGNOR-C440 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26382858 t lperfetto "The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of the nuclear cap-binding protein (NCBP) 2 and its adaptor NCBP1, is believed to bind all capped RNA and to be necessary for its processing and intracellular localization." SIGNOR-268358 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f irozzo "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions. We found that MLL-BP and the 3 MLL fusion proteins all decreased RUNX1 levels, and MLL-eleven nineteen leukemia (ENL) caused a greater decrease in RUNX1 compared with MLL-AF9 and MLL-AF4 fusion proteins." SIGNOR-255855 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr183 AGTSFMMtPYVVTRY 9606 BTO:0000007 9724739 t gcesareni "MKK4/7, in turn, phosphorylates JNK on residues 183 and 185 (17ƒ‚€“20). Activated JNK phosphorylates its substrates, c-Jun, ATF2, ELK1, and p53" SIGNOR-244982 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 10116 7535768 t "Dephosphorylation and Inactivation of ERKs|A single protein kinase, MEK, activates ERK2 by phosphorylating threonine 183 and tyrosine 185" SIGNOR-248718 "SAM complex" complex SIGNOR-C422 SIGNOR "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 18423394 t lperfetto "Homology searches led to the identification of human Sam50 that is required for the biogenesis of human Tom40 [69]. A similar involvement was reported for metaxin 1 and metaxin 2 [70], which are homologs of Sam37 and Sam35, respectively" SIGNOR-267686 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ITGAL protein P20701 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 25624455 t miannu "PTKs of the JAK and SRC families have a regulatory role in LFA-1 affinity triggering, with JAKs showing a positive role (3), whereas SRCs possibly have a negative role." SIGNOR-254741 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MXD1 protein Q05195 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser145 IERIRMDsIGSTVSS 9606 19526459 t llicata "Here, we present evidence that akt inhibits mad1-mediated transcription repression by physical interaction with and phosphorylation of mad1." SIGNOR-252525 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17110928 t miannu "AIP4 ubiquitin ligase is involved in the ubiquitination of both TRPV4 and TRPC4.Ubiquitination of TRPV4 is dramatically increased by the HECT (homologous to E6-AP carboxyl terminus)-family ubiquitin ligase AIP4 without inducing degradation of this channel. Instead, AIP4 promotes the endocytosis of TRPV4 and decreases its amount at the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-272625 N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91399 ChEBI CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207087 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 RILNHDTsFAKTFVG 9606 17197699 t gcesareni "Enzymatic activity, induced;" SIGNOR-151755 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f lperfetto "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253679 AP1G2 protein O75843 UNIPROT NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001950 18772139 t miannu "Gamma2-Adaptin is a putative member of the clathrin adaptor protein family with unknown physiological function. We previously reported that gamma2-adaptin acts as a ubiquitin receptor by virtue of its ubiquitin-interacting motif. Here we demonstrate that this motif mediates a specific physical interaction with the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 and promotes ubiquitination of gamma2-adaptin. These antibodies clearly recognized the 96 kDa form, thus demonstrating that a fraction of γ2-adaptin is modified by monoubiquitination (Fig. 1C). Thus, binding of γ2-adaptin to Nedd4 is not necessary for its membrane association.Accordingly, one possible function of γ2-adaptin may be to act as an adaptor for Nedd4, recruiting it to membrane compartments for subsequent ubiquitination." SIGNOR-272636 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 ATRGRGSsVGGGSRR 9606 BTO:0000007 11154276 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylates and negatively regulates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 akt decreased ask1 kinase activity stimulated by both oxidative stress and overexpression in 293 cells by phosphorylating a consensus akt site at serine 83 of ask1." SIGNOR-104646 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr194 FPKTSSAtPQETLIS -1 12361598 t miannu "GST-tagged recombinant CP110 (GST-wt) was robustly phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2 (Figure 2A). Expression of a mutant derivative of CP110 refractory to CDK phosphorylation provokes marked polyploidy. We localized the majority (nine of ten) of potential CDK2 phosphorylation sites in CP110 to an amino-terminal fragment (GST-ΔN1; Figure 1B)" SIGNOR-265961 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 32471307 t lperfetto "A major kinase for GPCR‐induced CPI‐17 phosphorylation is PKC which is activated by the PLCbeta‐produced signaling messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It phosphorylates CPI‐17 at Thr38 residue that directly docks at the active site of MLCP, thereby inhibiting its activity and promoting an increase of phosphorylation of myosin and of other MLCP.| CPI-17 can be also directly phosphorylated at Thr38 residue by MYPT1-associated kinase [222], by PAK, which is downstream of Rac and/or Cdc42 cascade [223], by Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) [224] and by PKN [225]." SIGNOR-96692 EPB42 protein P16452 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266014 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT ACVR2B protein Q13705 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9748228 t acerquone "We show that bmp7 and activin bind to the same type ii receptors, actrii and iib, but recruit distinct type i receptors into heteromeric receptor complexes." SIGNOR-60240 PPP2R1A protein P30153 UNIPROT PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C134 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243436 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT USP22 protein Q9UPT9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26049753 f "USP22 expression was regulated by c-MYC and contributed to c-MYC mediated reduction in SIRT1 polyubiquitination and degradation. USP22 directly interacted with and removing polyubiquitin chains from SIRT1 to increase SIRT1 protein stabilization and expression. These results support a role for USP22 in MYC-mediated increase in SIRT1 protein stabilization, and indicate that FLT3-ITD, c-MYC and USP22 form an oncogenic network that enhances SIRT1 expression and activity in leukemic cells." SIGNOR-261560 RBP2 protein P50120 UNIPROT "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 31963453 t lperfetto "Either acting on the producing cell (autocrine signaling) or the receiving cell (paracrine signaling), RA is transferred into the nucleus by Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) [18]. Once inside the nucleus, RA binds to specific nuclear transcription factors named Retinoic acid receptors (RARs)" SIGNOR-265130 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation." SIGNOR-272711 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser59 GGQESQPsPLALLAA 9606 BTO:0000452 19318349 t gcesareni "PKCalpha, which was activated in senescent cells by ROS strongly activated Erk1/2, and the SA-pErk1/2 in turn phosphorylated Sp1 on Ser(59). Sp1-enhanced transcription of p21(Sdi1) resulted in regulation of cellular senescence in primary human diploid fibroblast cells." SIGNOR-248075 clomipramine chemical CHEBI:47780 ChEBI SLC6A3 protein Q01959 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "At the human dopamine transporter, sertraline and nomifensine were the most potent with KD's of 25±2 and 56±3, respectively. Except for these two compounds, most antidepressants were not potent at the human dopamine transporter." SIGNOR-258875 GNG3 protein P63215 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Furthermore, this work suggested that the gbetagamma subunits released upon gi activation activated phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma) to produce inositol 3 phosphate (ip3) which would subsequently increase intracellular ca2+ abundance." SIGNOR-199141 DMC1 protein Q14565 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001275 10525529 t miannu "The eukaryotic RecA homologues RAD51 and DMC1 function in homology recognition and formation of joint-molecule recombination intermediates during yeast meiosis. We also show that mouse RAD51 and DMC1 establish protein-protein interactions with each other and with the chromosome core component COR1(SCP3) in a two-hybrid system and in vitro binding analyses. These results suggest that the formation of a multiprotein recombination complex associated with the meiotic chromosome cores is essential for the development and fulfillment of the meiotic recombination process." SIGNOR-264208 DUX4 protein Q9UBX2 UNIPROT HEY1 protein Q9Y5J3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24278031 f miannu "HEY1, a repressor of myogenesis, is activated by DUX4 through a MaLR promoter." SIGNOR-253840 SLC38A9 protein Q8NBW4 UNIPROT leucine smallmolecule CHEBI:25017 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29053970 t "SLC38A9 mediates the transport, in an arginine-regulated fashion, of many essential amino acids out of lysosomes, including leucine, which mTORC1 senses through the cytosolic Sestrin proteins" SIGNOR-255313 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT DCUN1D1 protein Q96GG9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" monoubiquitination Lys171 FAKNPGQkGLDLEMA 9606 BTO:0000007 21813641 t miannu "Here we revealed a previously unknown mechanism that regulates hDCNL1. In cultured mammalian cells ectopically expressed hDCNL1 was mono-ubiquitinated predominantly at K143, K149, and K171. Using a classical chromatographic purification strategy, we identified Nedd4-1 as an E3 ligase that can catalyze mono-ubiquitination of hDCNL1 in a reconstituted ubiquitination system.Taken together, these results suggest a mono-ubiquitination-mediated mechanism that governs nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of hDCNL1," SIGNOR-272719 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 21596315 t lperfetto "Complexed with the activator proteins CDC20 or CDH1 (Fang et al., 1998, Visintin et al., 1997), the APC/C recognizes, ubiquitinates, and targets for proteasomal degradation a multitude of cell cycle regulators containing KEN or D box degrons, including securin, cyclin A, and cyclin B." SIGNOR-265049 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9733516 f gcesareni "Thus, our data indicate that nf-kb controls the expression of traf1 and traf2 and c-iap1 and c-iap2" SIGNOR-59948 BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15694340 t lperfetto "Bad, however, bound tightly to bcl-2, bcl2l1, and bcl2l2" SIGNOR-133759 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0004055 12023018 t miannu "We previously showed that human Aurora-A is turned over through the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)–ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. The association of two distinct WD40 repeat proteins known as Cdc20 and Cdh1, respectively, sequentially activates the APC/C. The present study shows that Aurora-A degradation is dependent on hCdh1 in vivo, not on hCdc20, and that Aurora-A is targeted for proteolysis through distinct structural features of the destruction box, the KEN box motifs and its kinase activity." SIGNOR-272612 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259011 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 23644383 t "inferred from 70% of family members" milica "Here, we show that cyclic amp (camp)-dependent protein kinase (pka) phosphorylates lats and thereby enhances its activity sufficiently to phosphorylate yap on ser381." SIGNOR-269863 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser263 PEIEDVGsDEEEEKK 9606 BTO:0000567 2492519 t llicata "Both hsp 90 proteins are phosphorylated at two homologous sites. For the alpha protein, these sites correspond to serine 231 and serine 263. | Dephosphorylated hsp 90 is phosphorylated at both sites by casein kinase II from HeLa cells, calf thymus, or rabbit reticulocytes; no other hsp 90 residues were phosphorylated by casein kinase II in vitro." SIGNOR-250900 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr182 IDQGDLMtPQFTPYY 9606 BTO:0000567 9628874 t gcesareni "Activated following phosphorylation at thr-182 by p38-alpha/mapk14, p38-beta/mapk11, erk2/mapk1, erk3/mapk6, and erk4/mapk4." SIGNOR-58127 ELAVL3 protein Q14576 UNIPROT ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 29614249 t miannu "NElavl (composed of Elavl2, Elavl3, and Elavl4) proteins are the RNA-binding proteins that is specifically expressed in neurons, regulate the alternative splicing of target RNAs, and promote neuronal differentiation and maturation. Here, we found that the alternative splicing of AnkyrinG exon 34 was misregulated in the cerebella of Elavl3-/- mice. AnkyrinG is an essential factor for the formation of neuronal polarity and is required for normal neuronal functions." SIGNOR-266861 GNB/GNG complex SIGNOR-C202 SIGNOR CACNA1B protein Q00975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20655485 t miannu "The main G b/g-dependent effectors of presynaptic GABAB receptors are P/Q-and N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. GABAB receptors inhibit these Ca2+ channels at excitatory and inhibitory terminals, thereby restricting neurotransmitter release." SIGNOR-265067 BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT FCER2 protein P06734 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11342629 f "In this study, we report that PRDI-BF1/Blimp1 can bind to the same functional element in the human CD23b promoter to which BCL-6 and IRF-4 had previously been shown to bind, and that, like BCL-6, Blimp1 can repress IRF-4-transactivating ability" SIGNOR-253928 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12692549 f lperfetto "The transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-B are required for the expression of many genes involved in the innate immune response." SIGNOR-216319 NPAS1 protein Q99742 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003945 17457889 t lperfetto "Overexpression and siRNA experiments revealed that NPAS1, in concert with ARNT, negatively regulates the expression of TH and that this regulation is mediated by a direct binding of NPAS1 on the TH promoter." SIGNOR-253702 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr627 KGDKQVEyLDLDLDS 9606 BTO:0000527;BTO:0000017 9890893 t lperfetto "Gab-1 is a multisubstrate docking protein downstream in the signaling pathways of different receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)the entire protein was phosphorylated by regfr at eight tyrosine residues (y285, y373, y406, y447, y472, y619, y657, and y689)." SIGNOR-236392 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAT1 protein P11488 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-199168 NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19250911 t gcesareni "We performed glutathione s-transferase (gst) pull-down assays using extracts from hek293 cells overexpressing an ha-tagged nbr1(d50r) mutant, which lacks the ability to bind p62 (lamark et al., 2003) and gst fusions of six human atg8 homologs: gabarap, gabarapl1, gabarapl2, lc3a, lc3b, and lc3c. Indeed, nbr1 interacted with all these members of the mammalian atg8 protein family." SIGNOR-184270 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 11483158 t "Glycogen synthase kinase3 beta phosphorylates serine 33 of p53 and activates p53's transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-251258 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF17 protein Q9BXT8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270965 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr852 NDPTAPPyDSLLVFD 9606 16371504 t lperfetto "Src-mediated phosphorylation of the n-cadherin cytoplasmic domain results in a significant reduction in beta-catenin bindingbeta-catenin dissociates from n-cadherin and redistributes to the nucleus of transmigrating melanoma cells to activate gene transcription.Because there were only four tyrosine residues (y852, y860, y884, and y886) in this peptide, all of them were phosphorylated." SIGNOR-143234 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257980 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CLDN3 protein O15551 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr192 PPREKKYtATKVVYS 9606 15905176 t llicata "Our results suggest that claudin-3 phosphorylation by pka, a kinase frequently activated in ovarian cancer, may provide a mechanism for the disruption of tjs in this cancer." SIGNOR-137291 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 16146838 t lperfetto "The results of 2 microarray experiments demonstrated that the aberrant activation of STAT proteins by Flt3-ITDs resulted in the up-regulation of several STAT5-responsive genes, such as Pim-1, Pim-2, and members of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) protein family. These results are particularly interesting because recent data point to an important role of Pim kinases in the antiapoptosis of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-249622 ZNF148 protein Q9UQR1 UNIPROT SOX18 protein P35713 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 18496767 f miannu "co-transfection experiments revealed that over-expression of Sp3 and ZBP-89 down-regulate, while over-expression of NF-Y up-regulates SOX18 promoter activity in HeLa cells" SIGNOR-254821 POGZ protein Q7Z3K3 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000932 20562864 t miannu "POGZ was found to bind to HP1alpha through a zinc-finger-like motif. Binding by POGZ, mediated through its zinc-finger-like motif, competed with PxVxL proteins and destabilized the HP1alpha-chromatin interaction." SIGNOR-264487 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser408 GPLPRAPsISTVEPK 26843621 t "Indeed we show that AMPK phosphorylates Gli1 at the unique residue Ser408, which is conserved only in primates but not in other species. Once phosphorylated, Gli1 is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-253540 GDF6 protein Q6KF10 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16049014 t gcesareni "We found that transfection of small hairpin rna for bmprii and actriia in mc3t3 cells suppressed the signaling of gdf6, gdf7, and bmp10." SIGNOR-139090 GAMT protein Q14353 UNIPROT Neuron_maturation phenotype SIGNOR-PH169 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 26319512 f Luana "GAMT enzyme (EC#2.1.1.2) deficiency caused by mutations in the GAMT gene (MIM# 601240) results in the depletion of creatine and accumulation of guanidinoacetate (GAA). Creatine has a buffering and transport function of high-energy phosphates in brain and muscle and is essential for growth cone migration, dendritic and axonal elongation, neurotransmitter release, and co-transmission on gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) postsynaptic receptors in the central nervous system" SIGNOR-265794 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser518 DTDMKRLsMEIEKEK 9606 18071304 t lperfetto "Merlin contains a c-terminal serine 518, which is phosphorylated both by p21-activated kinase (pak) and protein kinase a (pka) (shaw et al., 2001;kissil et al., 2002;xiao et al., 2002;alfthan et al., 2004). Phosphorylation at this site is predicted to result in a more open conformation incapable of inhibiting cell growth," SIGNOR-159764 KCTD10 protein Q9H3F6 UNIPROT CEP97 protein Q8IW35 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0004790 30404837 t miannu "Cullin-3-KCTD10-mediated CEP97 degradation promotes primary cilium formation. we identified the cullin-3-RBX1-KCTD10 complex as the E3 ligase that mediates CEP97 degradation and removal from the mother centriole." SIGNOR-272923 NSMCE4A protein Q9NXX6 UNIPROT SMC5/6 complex SIGNOR-C374 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27427983 t miannu "The SMC5/6 complex, consisting of SMC5, SMC6, and non-SMC elements NSMCE1–6, has key roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity during mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair and is critical for genome stability. In particular, the SMC5/6 complex is involved in resolving intermediates during recombination (5, 6) and other complex DNA structures, such as stalled replication forks" SIGNOR-265486 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA 9606 BTO:0001271 9738012 t gcesareni "Purified pkca can efficiently and directly phosphorylate bcl2 at serine 70" SIGNOR-60120 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "ADAM17 is involved in the release and activation of several growth factors and cytokine receptor ligands. Among the growth factors activated by ADAM17 are TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epiregulin and HB-EGF" SIGNOR-259842 NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT HEXIM1 protein O94992 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001545 18371977 t miannu "We identified NPM as a novel HEXIM1-binding protein. NPM functioned as a negative regulator of HEXIM1. cytoplasmic localization of endogenous HEXIM1 is detected in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line containing the NPMc+ mutation, suggesting the physiological importance of HEXIM1-NPMc+ interaction." SIGNOR-260134 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KDELR1 protein P24390 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 VLKGKKLsLPA 9606 14517323 t llicata "We conclude that pka phosphorylation of serine 209 is required for the retrograde transport of the kdel receptor from the golgi complex to the er from which the retrieval of proteins bearing the kdel signal depends." SIGNOR-118257 NOD1 protein Q9Y239 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18079694 f miannu "Nod1 and Nod2 stimulation activates NF-kappaB through RICK, a caspase-recruitment domain-containing kinase." SIGNOR-252411 FARP2 protein O94887 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19276662 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "FIR induced the expression of IAP1, IAP2, XIAP Survivin, MnSOD, TNFalpha, pAKT and IL-1alpha" SIGNOR-251761 THOC3 protein Q96J01 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33191911 t miannu "The TREX complex is found in all eukaryotes and contains the multi-subunit THO complex, the DEXD-box RNA helicase UAP56/DDX39B (yeast Sub2), and an RNA export adapter such as ALYREF (yeast Yra1). The human THO complex comprises six subunits, THOC1, −2, –3, −5, –6, and −7, of which four have known counterparts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc): THOC1 (yeast Hpr1), −2 (yeast Tho2), −3 (yeast Tex3), and −7 (yeast Mft1) . In this study we focus on the conserved TREX complex (Heath et al., 2016; Xie and Ren, 2019): THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF, and hereafter refer to UAP56/DDX39B as UAP56." SIGNOR-268513 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268938 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 8650155 t gcesareni "These results confirm that the activity changes observed are achieved by a reversible phosphorylation mechanism, and also argue that pp2a may negatively regulate rac-pk activity in vivo. Dephosphorylation of the activated rac-pk in itro by pp2ac resulted in an 87% reduction of kinase activity" SIGNOR-42123 FGF1 protein P05230 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001487 18940940 t fspada "Together these data highlight the unique nature of the role of FGF-1 during the earliest stages of adipogenesis and establish a role for FGFR1 in human adipogenesis, identifying FGFR1 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce obesity." SIGNOR-236936 NatC complex SIGNOR-C417 SIGNOR Protein_acetylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH189 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21351257 f miannu "About 80% of soluble human proteins are N-terminally acetylated by 1 of 3 major Nα-terminal acetyltransferase complexes, hNatA, hNatB and hNatC, which differ in their subunit composition and substrate specificity." SIGNOR-267236 ARHGEF1 protein Q92888 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 10836144 t gcesareni "Rhogefs catalyze the exchange of gdp for gtp and thereby activate rho." SIGNOR-77914 RPS14 protein P62263 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262438 BCORL1 protein Q5H9F3 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17379597 t irozzo "BCoR-L1 interacts with Class II HDACs, HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC7, suggesting that they are involved in its function as transcriptional corepressor." SIGNOR-259114 maraviroc chemical CHEBI:63608 ChEBI CCL4L1 protein Q8NHW4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194009 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 18593906 t gcesareni "Pp2a-mediated dephosphorylation of t32/s253 is required for dissociation of 14-3-3, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation of foxo3a." SIGNOR-252971 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser3 sKRAKAKT 9606 22136066 t lperfetto "Rlc can also be phosphorylated at ser1/ser2/thr9 by protein kinase c (pkc). Biophysical studies show that phosphorylation at these sites leads to an increase in the km of myosin light chain kinase (mlck) for rlc, thereby indirectly inhibiting myosin ii activity" SIGNOR-192792 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21681822 t irozzo "Carboxyl-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) is a transcriptional co-repressor with oncogenic potential. We found CtBP1 was recruited to the promoter regions of Brca1 and E-cadherin genes in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-259197 EIF2B4 protein Q9UI10 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269127 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr313 HGSGWAEtPRTDRGG 9606 12105215 t lperfetto "We indeed found that sap155-(223_322) and sap155-(1_491) are excellent substrates for in vitrophosphorylation by cyclin e-cdk2 as well as cyclin b-cdk1" SIGNOR-216717 RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-133234 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser260 NMGLNPSsPNDPVTN 9606 16551633 t gcesareni "Under stress conditions, hyperphosphorylated by activated jnk on ser-56, ser-70, thr-82 and ser-260. These findings indicate that inflammation-mediated cell signaling leads to rapid and profound reductions in nuclear rxralpha levels, via a multistep, jnk-dependent mechanism involving ser260, nuclear export, and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-145297 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT SGO1 protein Q5FBB7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 16824953 t lperfetto "Loss of INCENP/Aurora B in Mitosis Correlates with Delocalization of MEI-S332|MEI-S332 Is Phosphorylated by Aurora B In Vitro|Of these, MEI-S332S124,125,126A was a poor substrate for Aurora B kinase in vitro" SIGNOR-252046 MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT MYH10 protein P35580 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238763 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr171 IPTSAPVyQQPQQQP 9606 BTO:0000150 15138294 t llicata "C-abl activation by apoptotic agents specifically promotes phosphorylation of lasp-1 at tyrosine 171, which is associated with the loss of lasp-1 localization to focal adhesions and induction of cell death. Thus, lasp-1 is a dynamic focal adhesion protein necessary for cell migration and survival in response to growth factors and ecm proteins." SIGNOR-124719 TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t miannu "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-260151 MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000298 9305639 t lperfetto "These results, therefore, suggest that mtk1 directly phosphorylates and activates mkk3, mkk6 and sek1." SIGNOR-50891 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1668 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120188 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser295 FKLGGRDsRSGSPMA -1 2413024 t miannu "Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-164" SIGNOR-250014 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKAR 9606 10454565 t "The phosphatase activity of Cdc25A is necessary for Cdk2 activation, most likely due to dephosphorylation on Tyr-15 and Thr-14 of Cdk2." SIGNOR-248482 quinpirole chemical CHEBI:75401 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7576010 t miannu "D3 receptors have been reported, however, to have affinities nearly 100-fold higher than those of D2 receptors for some agonists, including (+/-)-7-hydroxy-n,n-dipropyl-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) and quinpirole." SIGNOR-258440 PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C134 SIGNOR DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser74 EFEELTMsQKNGGNV 24462681 t lperfetto "Protein phosphatase 2A regulates deoxycytidine kinase activity via Ser-74 dephosphorylation|Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a critical enzyme for activation of anticancer nucleoside analogs. Its activity is controlled via Ser-74 phosphorylation. Here, we investigated which Ser/Thr phosphatase dephosphorylates Ser-74. In cells, the PP1/PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid increased both dCK activity and Ser-74 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275802 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1616 TPQSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 17157258 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248767 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT GPC6 protein Q9Y625 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 21871017 t miannu "NFAT transcriptionally regulates GPC6 induction in breast cancer cells and binds to three regulatory elements in the GPC6 proximal promoter. Expression of GPC6 in response to NFAT signalling promotes invasive migration, whereas GPC6 silencing with shRNA (small-hairpin RNA) potently blocks this phenotype." SIGNOR-264022 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT NAMPT protein P43490 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18477450 f gcesareni "Activated AMPK was required to promote GR-induced transcription of the NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme Nampt" SIGNOR-238598 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT CELF2 protein O95319 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261657 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000759 2158622 t "inferred from family member" miannu "We determined the affinity for T3 and analog binding characteristics of the translational products of c-erbA a- and /3-probes together with hepatic nuclear extracts." SIGNOR-270300 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT NEUROD4 protein Q9HD90 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268891 BKM120 chemical CHEBI:71954 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190392 POLR1H protein Q9P1U0 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16373708 f miannu "ZNRD1 could significantly up-regulate the expression of P-gp, Bcl-2, and the transcription of the MDR1 gene but not alter the expression of MDR-associated protein, glutathione S-transferase activity, or intracellular glutathione content in leukemia cells." SIGNOR-259908 aclidinium chemical CHEBI:65346 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000131 19653626 t Luana "This compound is a potent muscarinic antagonist, with long duration of action in vivo, and was found to have a rapid hydrolysis in human plasma, minimizing the potential to induce class-related systemic side effects." SIGNOR-258049 DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000946 9111364 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that dimerization by Msx and Dlx proteins is mediated through their homeodomains and that the residues required for this interaction correspond to those necessary for DNA binding. Unlike most other known examples of homeoprotein interactions, association of Msx and Dlx proteins does not promote cooperative DNA binding; instead, dimerization and DNA binding are mutually exclusive activities. Msx proteins act as transcriptional repressors and Dlx proteins act as activators, while in combination, Msx and Dlx proteins counteract each other's transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-240921 FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr754 LLAVSEEyLDLRLTF -1 8576110 t "Analysis of the major autophosphorylation site Y754F mutant of FGFR-4 showed that binding of p85 and its serine phosphorylation were independent of receptor autophosphorylation at this site." SIGNOR-251140 CXCL10 protein P02778 UNIPROT CXCR3 protein P49682 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 12750173 t miannu "The chemokines CXCL9, 10, and 11 exert their action via CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3), a receptor highly expressed on activated T cells." SIGNOR-260969 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM52 protein Q96A61 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270956 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MME protein P08473 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser6 sQMDITDI 9606 20957047 t lperfetto "The cytoplasmic n-terminal domain of nep interacts with the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (pten) thereby regulating intracellular signaling via akt. Ser 6 is efficiently phosphorylated by protein kinase ck2. The phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of nep inhibits its interaction with pten." SIGNOR-168673 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser633 GISQCGYsSTIVHVP 9534 BTO:0000298 11865049 t llicata "The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, CKIepsilon and CKIdelta are able to induce nuclear translocation of mPer3, which requires its nuclear localization signal. The mutation in potential phosphorylation sites on mPer3 decreased the extent of both nuclear translocation and degradation of mPer3 that are stimulated by CKIepsilon. | In mut7 in which all of the conserved serine and threonine residues in this region were mutated, the ratio of the shifted band was greatly reduced reproducibly. " SIGNOR-250818 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser164 FGHSAAVsPTFMPRS 9606 12050114 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro." SIGNOR-88748 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser74 EFEELTMsQKNGGNV 24462681 t lperfetto "Protein phosphatase 2A regulates deoxycytidine kinase activity via Ser-74 dephosphorylation|Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a critical enzyme for activation of anticancer nucleoside analogs. Its activity is controlled via Ser-74 phosphorylation. Here, we investigated which Ser/Thr phosphatase dephosphorylates Ser-74. In cells, the PP1/PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid increased both dCK activity and Ser-74 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275803 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr591 SSDNEYFyVDFREYE 10090 BTO:0001516 16627759 t lperfetto "In vitro mapping of FLT3 autophosphorylation sites|Tryptic peptides covering more than 80% of the FLT3 kinase domain were recovered, and 5 tyrosine residues (Y591, Y726, Y842, Y955, and Y969) within this region were phosphorylated.|This finding suggests that the combination of tyrosine residues 589 and 591 is required for activation of STAT-5 signaling pathways." SIGNOR-271921 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7862113 f irozzo "Our studies show that the human C/EBPa protein stimulates USF to bind to a USF consensus element within C/EBPa promoter and activates it by two- to threefold.The mechanism by which C/EBPa enhances USF binding and transactivation is currently under study." SIGNOR-255702 EML4-ALK "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP8 SIGNOR HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 27141364 f irozzo "EML4-ALK enhanced HIF-1Œ± expression through increasing transcription and decreasing ubiquitination of HIF-1Œ±." SIGNOR-259173 DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT G2/M_transition-checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH146 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 27879648 f lperfetto "Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a key enzyme in deoxyribonucleoside salvage and the anti-tumor activity for many nucleoside analogs. dCK is activated in response to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage and it is phosphorylated on Serine 74 by the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase in order to activate the cell cycle G2/M checkpoint." SIGNOR-275806 PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT AQP3 protein Q92482 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003204 17150915 f miannu "To investigate the intimate function of PPARalpha in the kidney, we analyzed the target gene expression in human metastatic renal cell carcinoma cell line, Caki-1, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PPARalpha and real-time RT-PCR methods. We found that some selected genes (long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase (FACL1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3)) were down-regulated by PPARalpha siRNA." SIGNOR-255045 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t gcesareni "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-114101 apigenin chemical CHEBI:18388 ChEBI CYP2C9 protein P11712 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189802 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT RHOT2 protein Q8IXI1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22078885 t miannu "PINK1 phosphorylates Miro, a component of the primary motor/adaptor complex that anchors kinesin to the mitochondrial surface. The phosphorylation of Miro activates proteasomal degradation of Miro in a Parkin-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-272726 PLAAT3 protein P53816 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17374643 f miannu "The alpha-isoform of the regulatory subunit a of protein phosphatase 2a (pr65alpha) as a new interaction partner of hrsl3 / we demonstrate that hrsl3 binds to the endogenous pr65alpha, thereby partially sequestering the catalytic subunit pr36 from the pr65 protein complex, and inhibiting pp2a catalytic activity." SIGNOR-153775 "MLL/SET subcomplex" complex SIGNOR-C87 SIGNOR "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24680668 t miannu "The mixed lineage leukemia-1 (mll1) enzyme is a histone h3 lysine 4 (h3k4) monomethyltransferase and has served as a paradigm for understanding the mechanism of action of the human set1 family of enzymes that include mll1_Mll4 and setd1a,b. Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal core complex that is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-204822 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol chemical CHEBI:34372 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity. Here, we evaluated the endocrine-disrupting risks of the bisphenols by investigating their agonist and antagonist activities with the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors. Our results showed that BPA, BPS, and BPF (BPs) have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities and decrease the ERα protein level. ." SIGNOR-268730 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser745 FEKEKLKsQWNNDNP 9606 BTO:0000751 11700305 t lperfetto "Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) delta and PKCbetaI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCalpha and PKCeta also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCalpha additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. |" SIGNOR-249120 OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267158 NPLOC4 protein Q8TAT6 UNIPROT UFD1 protein Q92890 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20442859 t miannu "These findings ascribe specific functions to each of the components of the VCP-UFD1L-NPL4 complex in Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation: VCP energizes the process through ATP binding and hydrolysis, UFD1L binds ubiquitinated CD4 through recognition of K48 Ub chains, and NPL4 stabilizes UFD1L. VCP is thus likely to provide the energy required for extraction of CD4 from membranes." SIGNOR-252422 "C5 convertase complex (C3bBbC3b)" complex SIGNOR-C315 SIGNOR C5 protein P01031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg751 HKDMQLGrLHMKTLL 9606 BTO:0000089 26489954 t lperfetto "In addition to the surface‐bound C3 convertase, a fluid‐phase convertase can be formed by association of water‐reacted C3, termed C3(H20), to FB thus constantly maintaining a low level of complement activation in solution (tick‐over). Both of the surface‐bound C3 convertases can bind a C3b molecule whereby the C5 convertases are formed. These cleave C5 into C5a and C5b, thus initiating the terminal pathway and leading to formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)." SIGNOR-263482 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI Thermogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH192 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24692351 f scontino "TH plays a significant role in energy expenditure through both central and peripheral actions. TH maintains basal metabolic rate, facilitates adaptive thermogenesis, modulates appetite and food intake, and regulates body weight." SIGNOR-267491 BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002552 17000778 t lperfetto "We also demonstrate that bad physically interacts with cytoplasmic p53. bad is able to direct p53 to the mitochondria and forms a p53/bad complex at the mitochondria. the mitochondrial p53/bad complex promotes apoptosis" SIGNOR-149815 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser558 VPTYESAsIRRFQEG 9606 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation" SIGNOR-129308 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser637 VDLSKVTsKCGSLGN 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000975 11104762 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of tau is regulated by pknthere is a pkn-specific phosphorylation site, ser-320, in mbdsthus pkn serves as a regulator of microtubules by specific phosphorylation of tau, which leads to disruption of tubulin assembly." SIGNOR-84958 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser319 TFRPRTSsNASTISG 9606 11237865 t lperfetto "The transcription factor, forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (fkhr), is phosphorylated at three amino acid residues (thr-24, ser-256 and ser-319) by protein kinase b (pkb)alpha.Fkhr (forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma), afx (all1 fused gene from chromosome x) and fkhrl1 (fkhr-like 1) are phosphorylated directly by pkb in cells, preventing them from stimulating gene transcription and leading to their exit from the nucleus" SIGNOR-252835 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1035 DHQTPPTsPVQGTTP 9606 24089523 t lperfetto "Histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) is well known for its ability to promote cell migrationextracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylates histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) at serine 1035 to stimulate cell migrationwe have identified two novel erk-mediated phosphorylation sites: threonine 1031 and serine 1035 in hdac6. Both sites were phosphorylated by erk1" SIGNOR-244545 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 10710310 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-75637 TSPOAP1 protein O95153 UNIPROT RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264363 SP4 protein Q02446 UNIPROT MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11259630 f miannu "Cotransfection experiments show that Sp1 and its closely related family member Sp4 can trans-activate MAO B promoter activity through the proximal cluster of Sp1 sites and its activation can be repressed by the over-expression of Sp3 and a related family member BTEB2." SIGNOR-253869 TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT SULT1E1 protein P49888 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17187826 f miannu "Comparative cDNA microarray hybridization identified a set of genes induced by overexpression of AP2alpha and AP2gamma in HMECs. The up-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABPII), EST-1, and ECM1 was induced by overexpression of AP2alpha, AP2gamma, or a chimeric AP2 factor in which the activation domain of AP2alpha was replaced by the activation domain of herpesvirus VP16." SIGNOR-255397 TRIM9 protein Q9C026 UNIPROT TRIM9 protein Q9C026 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000142 20085810 t miannu "Collectively, these results indicated that TRIM9 is an E3 ligase for its self-ubiquitination and that the ubiquitination of TRIM9 likely serves as a signal for proteasomal degradation. As shown in Fig. 1A, TRIM9 was ubiquitinated by itself when incubated with UbcH5b. In contrast, ubiquitination was observed when incubated with other E2 enzymes. These results suggest that TRIM9 cooperates with UbcH5b for its self-ubiquitination. N" SIGNOR-271419 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 21443865 t "The MAPT H1 haplotype and subhaplotypes may be associated with sporadic tauopathies including AD. And that, tau's phosphorylation is regulated by many protein kinases, including glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3B)." SIGNOR-255486 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT "Caspase 6 complex" complex SIGNOR-C228 SIGNOR "form complex" binding cleavage:Asp23 EENMTETdAFYKREM 21621544 t lperfetto "It is generally recognized that effector caspases undergo proteolytic cleavage of the inactive zymogen at a specific aspartate residue, resulting in a large N-terminal p20 polypeptide chain and a small C-terminal p10 polypeptide chain, leading to a p202/p102 tetramer." SIGNOR-256391 SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT BCL11B protein Q9C0K0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31666685 t gianni "Satb2 represses the transcription of Nr4a2. The misexpression of Nr4a2 together with Ctip2 induces expression of SubC-specific genes in wild-type Rsp, and simultaneous knockdown of these two genes in Rsp Satb2-mutant cells prevents their fate transition to SubC identity. Thus, Satb2 serves as a determinant gene in the Rsp regionalization by repressing Nr4a2 and Ctip2 during cortical development" SIGNOR-268931 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr436 FHRNHTAtVRSHAEN 9606 11123317 t amattioni "Cd5 is a good pkc substrate. Phosphorylation of cd5 is necessary for cd5-mediated lipid second messenger generation." SIGNOR-85183 sabcomeline chemical CHEBI:134846 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 9399977 t miannu "SB 202026 (R-(Z)-(+)-alpha-(methoxyimino)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2] octane-3-acetonitrile) displaced [3H]-oxotremorine-M from muscarinic receptors in the rat brain with high affinity (IC50 = 14 nM), a potency similar to that of oxotremorine-M itself (IC50 = 13 nM), but exhibited low affinity for cholinergic nicotinic receptors and other neuroreceptors. In studies using cloned human muscarinic receptors, SB 202026 possessed approximately equal affinity in displacing [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate from all muscarinic receptor subtypes" SIGNOR-258675 NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT NPAS2 protein Q99743 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 20817722 t miannu "In this study, we found that NPAS2, like BMAL1, is a direct target gene of RORα and REV-ERBα. it appears in the context of the NPAS2 promoter RORα functions as a transcriptional activator, but REV-ERBα may only function as an inhibitor of RORα activity by blocking binding." SIGNOR-267981 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser249 DTRQIQPsPPWSYDQ 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138928 TKT protein P29401 UNIPROT "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24929114 t miannu "Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation. TKs (with the exception of the enzymes of mammalian origin) are characterized by broad substrate specificity. Xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), erythrulose 4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate are typical donor substrates of TK; ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), and erythrose 4-phosphate are typical acceptor substrates." SIGNOR-267086 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 11108261 t lperfetto "Studies using mutants of er-alpha demonstrated that akt increased estrogen receptor activity through the amino-terminal activation function-1 (af-1). Serines s104 s106, s118, and s167 appear to play a role in the activation of er-alpha by akt." SIGNOR-84971 STYX protein Q8WUJ0 UNIPROT FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 28007894 t "STYX acts as a direct inhibitor of FBXW7, affecting the cellular levels of its substrates. Furthermore, we find that levels of STYX and FBXW7 are anti-correlated in breast cancer patients," SIGNOR-251663 CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination 10090 29291351 t gianni "Mechanistically, CYLD interacts directly with the kinase TAK1 and removes its K63-linked polyubiquitin chain, which blocks downstream activation of the JNK-p38 cascades." SIGNOR-266437 TRRAP protein Q9Y4A5 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269288 KIFC1 protein Q9BW19 UNIPROT CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000948 33361741 t miannu "We found that KIFC1 could directly bind to CENPE in SKOV3 cells (Figure 4C, 4D)." SIGNOR-266116 DGCR8 protein Q8WYQ5 UNIPROT "Microprocessor complex" complex SIGNOR-C356 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000552 24581491 t lperfetto "Microprocessor minimally comprises the ribonuclease DROSHA and its double-stranded RNA-binding partner DGCR8 (Denli et al., 2004; Gregory et al., 2004). Microprocessor recognizes pri-miRNA through the stem-loop (Zeng et al., 2005) and the stem-loop-ssRNA junction (Han et al., 2006), and cleaves both the 5′ and 3′ flanking segments to generate pre-miRNA." SIGNOR-264849 "SCH 23390" chemical CHEBI:73297 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258732 FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9398617 t gcesareni "We conclude that both flt-1 and kdr have the potential to signal through plc gamma via phosphotyrosine residues located in juxta-membrane and carboxyl tail regions" SIGNOR-53743 (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "On the other hand, galfas-coupled signals, such as epinephrine and glucagon, induce kinase activity of lats1/2, leading to phosphorylation and yap/taz." SIGNOR-199199 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr642 RSVKRNStVDCNGVV 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275792 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 RRSVKRNsTVDCNGV 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275794 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr642 RSVKRNStVDCNGVV 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275795 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser159 NNTSTDGsLPSTPPP 10090 BTO:0003328 16543145 t "MCL-1 was phosphorylated by GSK-3 at a conserved GSK-3 phosphorylation site (S159). S159 phosphorylation of MCL-1 was induced by IL-3 withdrawal or PI3K inhibition and prevented by AKT or inhibition of GSK-3, and it led to increased ubiquitinylation and degradation of MCL-1." SIGNOR-251242 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr273 SPSVHPAtPISPGRA 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138940 ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11175361 t miannu "We demonstrated that Ets2 is capable of binding to and transactivating the OPN promoter using gel shift and transient transfection assays" SIGNOR-259872 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser170 SFKLSGFsFKKNKKE -1 1560845 t gcesareni "Here we report that MARCKS is a filamentous (F) actin crosslinking protein, with activity that is inhibited by PKC-mediated phosphorylation and by binding to calcium-calmodulin" SIGNOR-249670 RPLP2 protein P05387 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262449 EFR3A protein Q14156 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 34504076 t miannu "EFR3A directly binds to active KRAS through its C-terminus. EFR3A promotes the localization and nanoclustering of KRAS at the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-269094 dexmedetomidine chemical CHEBI:4466 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258908 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser153 SWTRVFQsWWDRNLG 9606 BTO:0000007 10837486 t lperfetto "We report here that the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-155 within the BH3 domain is a second phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that inhibits the death-promoting activity of BAD. Protein kinase A, RSK1, and survival factor signaling stimulate phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-155, blocking the binding of BAD to Bcl-XL. RSK1 phosphorylates BAD at both Ser-112 and Ser-155 and rescues BAD-mediated cell death in a manner dependent upon phosphorylation at both sites." SIGNOR-249045 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT AAK1 protein Q2M2I8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser637 AGHRRILsDVTHSAV 10090 BTO:0000142 22445341 t miannu "We identified 5 potential NDR1 substrates in the mouse brain and chose two for functional validation. We show that one NDR1 substrate is another kinase, AP-2 associated kinase-1 (AAK1) which regulates dendritic branching as a result of NDR1 phosphorylation. Another substrate is the Rab8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rabin8 (a Sec2p homolog) which we find is involved in spine synapse formation. AAK1 phosphorylation regulates dendrite branching and length" SIGNOR-263034 DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT "2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57673 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 20637175 t lperfetto "Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK4; EC 2.7.1.74) catalyzes the phosphorylation of 2′-deoxycytidine (dCyd), 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine to their corresponding monophosphate forms, using ATP or UTP as phosphoryl donors. This reaction is the first and rate-limiting step of the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway, which provides deoxynucleoside triphosphates for DNA replication and repair as an alternative to de novo nucleotide synthesis" SIGNOR-275809 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT SLAMF1 protein Q13291 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr281 EKKSLTIyAQVQKPG 9534 BTO:0000298 11806999 t "All 3 tyrosines of CD150 (Tyr281, Tyr307, Tyr327) are phosphorylated by the src kinase Fyn. CD150 is unique among its homologues in the immunoglobulin superfamily in that it is able to bind SAP, a floating SH2 domain, in the absence of tyrosine phosphorylation. In this study, using a detailed mutagenesis mapping approach we have shown that SAP binding to CD150 is in fact bimodal. Prior to tyrosine phosphorylation, SAP binds the membrane-proximal motif surrounding Tyr281. Following tyrosine phosphorylation by tyrosine kinases such as Fyn, SAP binds additionally to the distal motif surrounding Tyr327." SIGNOR-251181 CIB1 protein Q99828 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 16418530 t lperfetto "In response to agonist stimulation, the alphaIIbbeta3 integrin on platelets is converted to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation. This process contributes to both normal hemostasis and thrombosis. Activation of alphaIIbbeta3 is believed to occur in part via engagement of the beta3 cytoplasmic tail with talin; however, the role of the alphaIIb tail and its potential binding partners in regulating alphaIIbbeta3 activation is less clear. We report that calcium and integrin binding protein 1 (CIB1), which interacts directly with the alphaIIb tail, is an endogenous inhibitor of alphaIIbbeta3 activation; overexpression of CIB1 in megakaryocytes blocks agonist-induced alphaIIbbeta3 activation, whereas reduction of endogenous CIB1 via RNA interference enhances activation. CIB1 appears to inhibit integrin activation by competing with talin for binding to alphaIIbbeta3, thus providing a model for tightly controlled regulation of alphaIIbbeta3 activation." SIGNOR-253357 USP10 protein Q14694 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003704 21962518 t lperfetto "Since USP10 is known as a deubiquitinating protease of p53 (Yuan et al., 2010), inhibition of USP10 by spautin-1 may promote the degradation of p53. " SIGNOR-260297 "Succinyl-CoA GTP variant" complex SIGNOR-C399 SIGNOR succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27487822 t miannu "In the citric acid cycle, succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only step that provides substrate-level phosphorylation: succinyl-CoA + NDP + Pi = succinate + CoA + NTP, where N is adenosine or guanosine and the reaction requires magnesium ions." SIGNOR-266270 NAE1 protein Q13564 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 25568892 f lperfetto "Overexpression of AppBp1 in primary neurons induces apoptosis through the neddylation pathway" SIGNOR-251579 GRIK3 protein Q13003 UNIPROT D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "Glutamate (L-Glu) released from neurons interacts with kainate-type of glutamate receptors (Kain-R) in astrocytes to stimulate release of D-serine" SIGNOR-268274 THOC7 protein Q6I9Y2 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33191911 t miannu "The TREX complex is found in all eukaryotes and contains the multi-subunit THO complex, the DEXD-box RNA helicase UAP56/DDX39B (yeast Sub2), and an RNA export adapter such as ALYREF (yeast Yra1). The human THO complex comprises six subunits, THOC1, −2, –3, −5, –6, and −7, of which four have known counterparts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc): THOC1 (yeast Hpr1), −2 (yeast Tho2), −3 (yeast Tex3), and −7 (yeast Mft1) . In this study we focus on the conserved TREX complex (Heath et al., 2016; Xie and Ren, 2019): THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF, and hereafter refer to UAP56/DDX39B as UAP56." SIGNOR-268507 CADPS2 protein Q86UW7 UNIPROT VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C346 24363652 t miannu "CAPS interactions with N-terminal regions of the SNARE motif of VAMP2 were also detected, which suggests that CAPS might recruit VAMP2 into syntaxin-1/SNAP-25 heterodimers for RQaQbc-SNARE complex assembly." SIGNOR-264341 Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24816100 t miannu "The activation of ubiquitin by the ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1 (E1) constitutes the first step in the covalent modification of target proteins with ubiquitin. This activation is a three-step process in which ubiquitin is adenylated at its C-terminal glycine, followed by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a catalytic cysteine residue of Uba1 and the subsequent adenylation of a second ubiquitin." SIGNOR-270836 GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT ARHGEF1 protein Q92888 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9641916 t gcesareni "Galpha13 bound tightly top115 rhogefand stimulated its capacity to catalyze nucleotide exchange onrho." SIGNOR-58417 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-216969 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "Taken together, these data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm. In this scenario,the release by immune effector cells of large amounts of pro-in-flammatory cytokines (IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-33,TNFα, TGFβ) and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2, CCL3,CCL5) precipitates and sustains the aberrant systemic inflammatoryresponse. The cytokine storm is readily followed by theimmune system “attacking” the body, which in turn will cause ARDSand multiple organ failure, the final result being death, at least in themost severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection" SIGNOR-261033 XBP1 protein P17861 UNIPROT NPPB protein P16860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20170659 f miannu "The promoter assay with overexpression of sXBP1 or norepinephrine showed that the proximal AP1/CRE-like element in the promoter region of BNP was critical for transcriptional regulation of BNP by sXBP1." SIGNOR-255609 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 GDDEDACsDTEATEA -1 8288648 t llicata "Recombinant wild-type I-2 and the Ala-120/121 mutant were phosphorylated synergistically by GSK-3 and casein kinase II. The Thr-72 and Ser-86 mutants, however, did not undergo this synergistic phosphorylation. Our studies indicate that Thr-72 is the only GSK-3 site and that Ser-86 is the casein kinase II site required for the potentiation of GSK-3 action." SIGNOR-250929 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1112 DPSPLQRySEDPTVP 9606 BTO:0000149 1706616 t gcesareni "However, each of these peptides contains tyrosines that correspond to major autophosphorylation sites of the epidermal growth factor receptor, suggesting that, in addition to y1023 and y1248, y1139 and y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of her2." SIGNOR-21211 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser939 SFRARSTsLNERPKS 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that tuberin is phosphorylated on s939 and t1462 in response to pi3k activation. Our results are consistent with akt being the pi3k-depen-dent tuberin kinase. The pi3k-akt-mediated phosphorylation of tuberin would inhibit the function of the tuberin-hamartin complex." SIGNOR-183636 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr577 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9606 10980595 t lperfetto "We have generated two monoclonal antibodies that recognize two phosphorylated sites, p-ser227 and p-thr577, in the n- and c-terminal kinase domains of rsk2, respectively. phosphorylation and activation of rsk2 by uv light involves the erk pathway" SIGNOR-244696 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15574335 t gcesareni "We find short peptides representing the alpha-helical bh3 domains of bid or bim are capable of inducing oligomerization of bak and bax to release cytochrome cthe first alfa helix of bax plays a necessary role in its ligand-induced activation by the bh3-only proteins bid and puma" SIGNOR-131442 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1238 ASWDQPGtPGREPTQ 9606 BTO:0000567 37584777 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on mass spec table" lperfetto "CDK1 phosphorylates AMBRA1 at T1209 and S1223. |CDK1-mediated phosphorylation primes PLK1 phosphorylation on AMBRA1|In this work, we show that AMBRA1 is sequentially phosphorylated at mitosis by CDK1 and PLK1 on multiple sites. In particular, CDK1 is responsible for the early phosphorylations on T1209 and S1223, and it promotes additional late phosphorylation events by PLK1 on AMBRA1. Altogether, these phosphorylation events are critical for proper spindle function and orientation. Indeed, phosphorylated AMBRA1 can interact with NUMA1 and is responsible for NUMA1 proper localization at the cell cortex. Moreover, we observe that loss of AMBRA1 leads to PLK1 protein stabilization and to an increase in phospho-NUMA1 levels which, in turn, contributes to spindle orientation defects." SIGNOR-272967 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT RAB11FIP2 protein Q7L804 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser227 QRLSSAHsMSDLSGS 9606 BTO:0000671 16775013 t lperfetto "We identified the kinase that phosphorylated rab11-fip2 as mark2/emk1/par-1balpha (mark2), and recombinant mark2 phosphorylated rab11-fip2 only on serine 227. In calcium switch assays, cells expressing rab11-fip2(s227a) showed a defect in the timely reestablishment of p120-containing junctional complexes." SIGNOR-147118 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 19933931 t "On the basis of bioinformatics tools, biochemical assays, and in vivo models, we demonstrate that (1) insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor are targets of miR-1" SIGNOR-255721 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17485441 f gcesareni "C-Myc suppresses the Wnt inhibitors DKK1 and SFRP1, and derepression of DKK1 or SFRP1 reduces Myc-dependent transforming activity" SIGNOR-245355 Upadacitinib chemical CID:58557659 PUBCHEM JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 33240390 t "Upadacitinib (ABT-494) is another selective inhibitor of JAK1 undergoing clinical trials to determine its benefit for several inflammatory diseases" SIGNOR-272504 LAMTOR3 protein Q9UHA4 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15547943 t lperfetto "We analyzed the ability of mp1 to bind to mek1, erk1, and to itself, and the regulation of these interactions. Gel filtration of cell lysates revealed two major mp1 peaks: a broad high molecular weight peak and a 28 kda complex. An mp1 mutant that lost mek1 binding no longer enhanced rasv12-stimulated erk1 activity, and functioned as a dominant negative, consistent with the concept that mp1 function depends on facilitating these oligomerizations." SIGNOR-244874 LSM8 protein O95777 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270626 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 LSDTPYDsSASYEKE 9606 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway / these results suggest that ck2 kinase directly phosphorylates amino acids 13, 23, 63, 101 and 294 in vivo" SIGNOR-174828 ICOS protein Q9Y6W8 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18641334 t "ICOS ligation in concert with TCR stimulation results in strong PI3K activation in T lymphocytes. The ICOS cytoplasmic tail contains an YMFM motif that binds the p85alpha subunit of class IA PI3K, similar to the YMNM motif of CD28, suggesting a redundant function of the two receptors in PI3K signaling." SIGNOR-272539 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr92 FYEEIKKyEKLETEE 9606 BTO:0000007 16725308 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that c-Src kinase activity increases the interaction between GRK2 and Galphaq. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2 appears to be critically involved in the modulation of this interaction since the stimulatory effect of c-Src is not observed with a GRK2 mutant with impaired tyrosine phosphorylation (GRK2 Y13,86,92F), whereas a mutant that mimics GRK2 tyrosine phosphorylation in these residues displays an increased interaction with Galphaq. " SIGNOR-266305 MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 28404732 t miannu "In innate immunity, nearly all Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as well as the receptors of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) family of cytokines, initiate signaling by recruiting the adaptor protein MyD88. This is followed by the interaction of IL-1-receptor (IL-R)-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) with MyD88 and then the interaction of other IRAK family members with IRAK4, to form an oligomeric complex, termed the Myddosome (8, 9). IRAK1 and IRAK2 can then interact with TRAF6 (10, 11) and induce TRAF6 dimerization (12), which triggers the activation of its E3 ligase activity" SIGNOR-260160 WNT6 protein Q9Y6F9 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9753670 f gcesareni "Wnt4, wnt5a and wnt6 exert an intermediate effect activating both myf5 and myod equivalently in paraxial mesoderm." SIGNOR-60415 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr45 PGGTLFStTPGGTRI 9606 11777913 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 is mediated by the p38/msk1 pathway in response to uvb irradiation. In the present study we demonstrated that uvb induced 4e-bp1 phosphorylation at multiple sites, thr-36, thr-45, ser-64, and thr-69, leading to dissociation of 4e-bp1 from eif-4e. Uvb-induced phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 was blocked by p38 kinase inhibitors, pd169316 and sb202190, and msk1 inhibitor, h89, but not by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors, pd98059 or u0126." SIGNOR-113563 EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr619 NKVDDCNyAIKRIRL 9606 17998206 t lperfetto "We show that perk is capable of autophosphorylating on tyrosine residues in vitro and in vivo. We further show that tyrosine 615, which is embedded in a highly conserved region of the kinase domain of perk, is essential for autocatalytic activity." SIGNOR-159156 SEC23IP protein Q9Y6Y8 UNIPROT SEC23B protein Q15437 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 10400679 t lperfetto "The results showed that the N-terminal region of p125 is important for the interaction with Sec23p. We confirmed the interaction between the two proteins by a yeast two-hybrid assay. Overexpression of p125, like that of mammalian Sec23p, caused disorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment and Golgi apparatus, suggesting its role in the early secretory pathway." SIGNOR-265306 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT CLDN7 protein O95471 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001570 19277896 t lperfetto "ChIP assays revealed that SNAI1P is recruited on the CLDN7 gene promoter along with the co-repressor CtBP1 and the effector HDAC1." SIGNOR-254105 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SHMT1 protein P34896 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003291 18628958 t miannu "Myc regulates the de novo purine and pyrimidine synthetic genes in multiple biological systems. Intriguingly, MYC was found to directly activate the expression of SHMT1, and SHMT2, which are enzymes involved in single carbon metabolism and are essential for dNTP synthesis" SIGNOR-267379 PFKFB4 protein Q16877 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15170386 t miannu "Fru-2,6-P2 (fructose 2,6-bisphosphate) is a signal molecule that controls glycolysis. Since its discovery more than 20 years ago, inroads have been made towards the understanding of the structure‚Äì function relationships in PFK-2 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase)/ FBPase-2 (fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase), the homodimeric bifunctional enzyme that catalyses the synthesis and degradation of Fru-2,6-P2" SIGNOR-268117 CASP8AP2 protein Q9UKL3 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 22075988 t gcesareni "In addition, both cleavage products of c-flip turned out to be inducers of nf-kb activity by binding to the ikk complex." SIGNOR-177104 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser337 EAPERASsVYTRSTG 9534 BTO:0000298 10085131 t "Serine residues at positions 336, 337, 342, and 349 represent GRK phosphorylation sites on CCR5. CCR5 phosphorylation and desensitization through a GRK-mediated mechanism" SIGNOR-251464 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser438 TPTLTNQsPTLTLQS 9606 BTO:0000801 14592977 t lperfetto "Tab1, a subunit of the kinase tak1, was phosphorylated by sapk2a/p38alpha at ser423, thr431 and ser438 in vitro. the results presented here also show that sapk2a/p38? Suppresses the activity of tak1 in cells, because the activation of tak1 by proinflammatory cytokines and lps is enhanced if cells are first pre?incubated With sb 203580 or in cells that do not express sapk2a/p38?." SIGNOR-118922 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 SCMHRQEtVDCLKKF 9606 BTO:0000975 1849884 t lperfetto "Role of threonine-286 as autophosphorylation site for appearance of ca2(+)-independent activity of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii alpha subunit" SIGNOR-21797 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 9606 21892142 t lperfetto "Another recently described set of transcriptional regulators targeted by ampk and its related family members across a range of eukaryotes are the class iia family of histone deacetylases (hdacs)" SIGNOR-216550 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256732 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 8754811 f ggiuliani "Induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma during the conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipocytes is mediated by C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, and glucocorticoids. The dose of DEX required to promote maximal expression of PPARg mRNA is approximately 10 nM, which is within the range of the Kd for the association of DEX with the glucocorticoid receptor in 3T3-L1 cells." SIGNOR-255963 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253438 TNFSF10 protein P50591 UNIPROT TNFRSF10B protein O14763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15766588 t gcesareni "Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (trail) receptor 2 (trail-r2) also known as tnfrsf10b (tumour necrosis factor receptor (tnfr) super family 10b) or killer/dr5, a member of the tnfr family, is a promising candidate tumour suppressor gene at 8p21-22." SIGNOR-134524 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT ANP32A protein P39687 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Thr826 LPTPTKMtPRSRILV 15716273 t "We further demonstrate that pp32-Rb interaction inhibits the apoptotic activity of pp32 and stimulates proliferation." SIGNOR-259083 COL6A3 protein P12111 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Muscle basement membrane consists primarily of a type IV collagen network, however types VI, XV, and XVIII are also present." SIGNOR-254675 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT4 protein Q14765 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr693 TERGDKGyVPSVFIP 9606 BTO:0000782 16324152 t gcesareni "Janus family tyrosine kinases jak2 and tyk2, which in turn phosphorylate stat4 on tyrosine 693. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathway is also activated in response to il-12, followed by phosphorylation of stat4 on serine 721, which is required for stat4 full transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-142736 NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12682059 t lperfetto "Mammalian numb proteins promote notch1 receptor ubiquitination and degradation of the notch1 intracellular domain" SIGNOR-99762 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT YWHAG protein P61981 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser59 VVGARRSsWRVISSI 9606 25086053 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of 14-3-3_ on s59 by lats2. Ser(58) phosphorylation and lys(49) acetylation of 14-3-3_ occur in a coordinated time-dependent manner to regulate 14-3-3_ homodimerization. 14-3-3_ ser(58) phosphorylation is required for star interactions under control conditions," SIGNOR-205247 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr28 PTMPPPEtPSEGRQP 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29590-4" gcesareni "We conclude that phosphorylation by map kinase cascades potentiates the antiproliferative functions of pml and helps mediate the proapoptotic effects of as(2)o(3)." SIGNOR-124313 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18270368 t "We demonstrate that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)-signaling cytokines, IL-2, IL-15 and to a lesser extent IL-7, induce FOXP3 up-regulation in vitro in activated human Teff cell" SIGNOR-254301 GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Furthermore, this work suggested that the gbetagamma subunits released upon gi activation activated phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma) to produce inositol 3 phosphate (ip3) which would subsequently increase intracellular ca2+ abundance." SIGNOR-199138 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 9727492 f "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" lperfetto "TBID induces first the clustering of mitochondria around the nuclei and release of cytochrome c." SIGNOR-59224 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT LARP7 protein Q4G0J3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr440 ANREECRtQEKVNAT 32726637 t lperfetto "Altogether, the results suggest that ATM-mediated T440 phosphorylation enhances LARP7-BARD1 interaction and facilitates BRCA1/BARD1-mediated LARP7 ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-275580 NOX1 protein Q9Y5S8 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264721 HOMER proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF59 SIGNOR SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 17243894 t miannu "It has been shown that Homer, a scaffold protein with a single EVH1 domain that binds to Shank, mGluR1, and other postsynaptic proteins (98) (Figure 3), exists as a tetramer, thus allowing it to cross-link several interacting proteins in the PSD" SIGNOR-264697 AP3D1 protein O14617 UNIPROT "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21097499 t lperfetto "Key components of this system are the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP)4 complexes, AP-1 (gamma-beta1-mi1-sigma1), AP-2 (α-beta2-mi2-sigma2), AP-3 (delta-beta3-mi3-sigma3), and AP-4 (epsilon-beta4-mi4-sigma4) (subunit composition shown in parentheses)" SIGNOR-260683 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR DFFB protein O76075 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 9108473 t gcesareni "Casp3_ cleaves the 45 kda subunit at two sites to generate an active factor that produces_ dna_ fragmentation" SIGNOR-256463 AP2A2 protein O94973 UNIPROT "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 31671891 t lperfetto "The most important endocytic adaptor is the heterotetrameric AP-2 complex made up of the large alpha- and beta2-adaptin subunits, the medium-sized mu2-subunit and a small sigma2-subunit" SIGNOR-260423 BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 18321991 t gcesareni "In this study, we show that, after tyrosine phosphorylation of p130cas mediated by integrin signaling, the phosphorylated p130cas is able to interact with phosphorylated smad3 and in turn prevent transcriptional activation by smad3" SIGNOR-161265 icariin chemical CHEBI:78420 ChEBI PDE5A protein O76074 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193363 "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 28831067 t lperfetto "The NXF1:NXT1 complex and NUP153 interact with the amino terminus of SUN1 |In analogy to a proposal made by Chang et al.4, Nesprins could help anchoring SUN1 near the NPC to enable it to fulfill its task in mRNA export." SIGNOR-263292 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF14 protein Q9UBS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271233 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2392 AGLHHSLsHSLLAVA 9606 24695856 t lperfetto "Our data support a model in which centrosome disjunction is triggered by the hyperphosphorylation of c-nap1, a major linker component. This occurs in response to a shift in the balance of activities of the nek2?_Pp1 bi-stable switch. C-nap1 hyperphosphorylation triggers the loss of both oligomerization and, crucially, interaction with the core centriole proximal-end protein, cep135. All three of these sites were identified in our in vivo analysis but only two (s2234 and s2394) were identified as nek2 phosphorylation sites in vitro." SIGNOR-204833 Nalorphine chemical CHEBI:7458 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258815 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT TINF2 protein Q9BSI4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser295 FPFRNLGsPTQVISK 9606 23977114 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serines 295 and 330 appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by the mitotic kinase rsk2. The consequence of tin2 phosphorylation during mitosis remains to be determined" SIGNOR-202532 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr35 LLKHAEAtLGSGNLR 9606 23431053 t milica "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-201310 ANGPT1 protein Q15389 UNIPROT MYH1 protein P12882 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 26042050 f lperfetto "Exogenous Ang-1 enhanced myogenic (MyoD and Myogenin) mRNA in differentiating myoblasts and increased myosin heavy chain protein." SIGNOR-241560 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT FCGR2C protein P31995 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr310 TDDDKNIyLTLPPND -1 8756631 t miannu "Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of FcgRIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addition to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262673 PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT PLIN2 protein Q99541 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003204 17150915 f miannu "To investigate the intimate function of PPARalpha in the kidney, we analyzed the target gene expression in human metastatic renal cell carcinoma cell line, Caki-1, using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PPARalpha and real-time RT-PCR methods. We found that some selected genes (long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase (FACL1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3)) were down-regulated by PPARalpha siRNA." SIGNOR-255046 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser268 PQVRVGGsSVDLHRF 9606 BTO:0000782 3133391 t gcesareni "Moreover, in response to wnt3a, p120-catenin is phosphorylated at ser268, a modification dependent on ck1epsilon activity, which disrupts its interaction with e-cadherin and, subsequently, with lrp5/6, promoting the release of ck1epsilon/p120-catenin from the wnt receptor complex." SIGNOR-24443 SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26951057 t miannu "As shown in Fig. 2, the intracellular Cl− concentration is regulated mainly by two cation-chloride cotransporters, NKCC1 and KCC2 [32]. NKCC1 imports Cl− whereas KCC2 extrudes intracellular Cl−." SIGNOR-264986 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15568999 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on thr-581 and ser-360 by erk1/2 or p38, msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758." SIGNOR-270076 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT USP16 protein Q9Y5T5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser552 DLEVLTSsPTRNLNG 9606 24013421 t llicata "Here, we report that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1) phosphorylates the histone h2a deubiquitinase ubp-m at serine 552 (s552p), and, importantly, this phosphorylation is required for cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-202678 LZTR1 protein Q8N653 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31337872 t Gianni "We demonstrate that LZTR1 facilitates the polyubiquitination and degradation of RAS via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, leading to the inhibition of the RAS/MAPK signaling." SIGNOR-269069 (S)-N-Hydroxy-4-(3-methyl-2-phenylbutanamido)benzamide chemical CID:6918848 PUBCHEM HDAC10 protein Q969S8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002428 31908417 t miannu "The present study aimed to detect HDAC1 expression in and around ESCC tissues and comprehensively assess the anti-ESCC effects of AR-42, a phenylbutyrate-derived pan-HDAC inhibitor with low nanomolar IC50s against HDACs including HDAC1. AR-42 developed by Chen et al is an orally bioavailable hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate derivative with strong inhibitory activity against class I (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) and class IIb (HDAC 6 and 10) HDACs." SIGNOR-262252 TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000738 20018851 t "GILZ inhibits FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXO4 transcriptional activities measured with natural or synthetic FOXO-responsive promoters in HL-60 cells." SIGNOR-256148 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr204 NEAAARFtLGSPLTS 9606 9630228 t lperfetto "Dominant-negative cki alpha Induces nuclear import of nf-at4 these results demonstrated that the cki alpha Phosphorylation sites identified in vitro were also specifically phosphorylated by cki alpha In vivo, and that these residues were crucial for the masking of the nls of nf-at4." SIGNOR-109768 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000018 26037928 t miannu "LPS exposure reduces the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal processing of NALP3 by inducing levels of an E3 ligase component, FBXO3, which targets FBXL2. The latter is an endogenous mediator of NALP3 degradation. FBXL2 recognizes Trp-73 within NALP3 for interaction and targets Lys-689 within NALP3 for ubiquitin ligation and degradation. " SIGNOR-272433 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP 9606 15668230 t gcesareni "We have found that dna-pk is the major constituent of an activity present in extracts of mammalian cells that phosphorylates chk2. Our results suggest that hypophosphorylated chk2 can be phosphorylated at thr68 by dna-pk in vitro." SIGNOR-133384 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2152 TRRRRAPsVANVGSH 9606 12198493 t gcesareni "In flna, the pak1-binding site involves tandem repeat 23 in the carboxyl terminus and phosphorylation takes place on serine 2152." SIGNOR-92065 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258996 CyclinD3/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C234 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 TPPSTALsPGKMSEA 9606 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-273031 CyclinD3/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C234 SIGNOR PFKP protein Q01813 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser679 MQQGGAPsPFDRNFG 9606 BTO:0000782 28607489 t lperfetto "Here, using human cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts in mice, we show that the cyclin D3–CDK6 kinase phosphorylates and inhibits the catalytic activity of two key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, 6-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase M2.|Phosphomimicking mutants of PFKP (S679E) or PKM2 (S37E) displayed decreased catalytic activity" SIGNOR-273033 UBE2E1 protein P51965 UNIPROT ZSWIM2 protein Q8NEG5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16522193 t miannu "MEX can act as an E3, Ub (ubiquitin) ligase, through the E2, Ub-conjugating enzymes UbcH5a, UbcH5c or UbcH6. A region of MEX that contains the RING fingers and the ZZ zinc finger was required for interaction with UbcH5a and MEX self-association, whereas the SWIM domain was critical for MEX ubiquitination. The expression of MEX promoted apoptosis that was induced through Fas, DR (death receptor) 3 and DR4 signalling, but not that mediated by the BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only protein BimEL or the chemotherapeutic drug adriamycin. " SIGNOR-271555 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17157787 f "PTEN is a suppressor of RAS-AKT function" gcesareni "Moreover, suppressors of ras akt function, such as the tumor-suppressor pten, and the attenuation of ras signaling involved in senescence, could be thus viewed as modulators of the gli code" SIGNOR-151134 PIK3AP1 protein Q6ZUJ8 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801 22187458 t gcesareni "Bcap is constitutively phosphorylated and associated with the p85 subunit of pi3k in macrophages. Tlr signaling causes the phosphorylation of the small amount of bcap that is associated with membranes in the resting state or the translocation of phosphorylated bcap from the cytoplasm to the membrane. This accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated bcap at the membrane with its associated pi3k would then allow for the catalysis of ptd ins p2 to ptd ins p3 and downstream pi3k-dependent signals. Bcap is an essential activator of the pi3k pathway downstream of tlr signaling" SIGNOR-191673 NOSIP protein Q9Y314 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 12746455 t miannu "Erythropoietin receptors associate with a ubiquitin ligase, p33RUL, and require its activity for erythropoietin-induced proliferation. This receptor-associated ubiquitin ligase, RUL, co-precipitated with EpoR from mammalian cells and mediated ubiquitination of EpoR. RUL mediates EpoR ubiquitination in COS7 cells and is inducibly ubiquitinated after Epo treatment. This observation is consistent with the lack of effects on EpoR stability by RUL-mediated ubiquitination in COS7 cells (Fig. 4)." SIGNOR-271477 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT SPRY2 protein O43597 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr75 KPAPRPStQHKHERL 9606 18678649 t gcesareni "We identify dyrk1a as one of the protein kinases of sprouty2. We show that dyrk1a interacts with and regulates the phosphorylation status of sprouty2. Moreover, we identify thr75 on sprouty2 as a dyrk1a phosphorylation site in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-179828 IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "5'-xanthylic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15652 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19480389 t miannu "IMPDH controls the gateway to guanine nucleotides, making it an ‚Äúenzyme of consequence‚Äù for virtually every organism. The IMPDH-catalyzed conversion of IMP to XMP is the first committed and rate-limiting step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. XMP is subsequently converted to GMP by the action of GMP synthetase (GMPS)." SIGNOR-267333 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT RFX5 protein P48382 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 9177217 t 2 miannu "RFX5 can activate transcription only in cooperation with CIITA. RFX5 and CIITA associate to form a complex capable of activating transcription from class II major histocompatibility complex promoters. In this complex, promoter specificity is determined by the DNA binding domain of RFX5 and the general transcription apparatus is recruited by the acidic activation domain of CIITA." SIGNOR-240980 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser360 TEMDPTYsPAALPQS 9606 15568999 t gcesareni "In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on thr-581 and ser-360 by erk1/2 or p38, msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758." SIGNOR-131379 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1859 PPRIHRAsDPGLPAE 11986331 t miannu "CAD is down-regulated as the cells emerge from S phase by protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. PKA phosphorylates Ser1406 and Ser1859, although only Ser1406 is involved in regulation." SIGNOR-250343 TDRD3 protein Q9H7E2 UNIPROT SNRPN protein P63162 UNIPROT unknown binding -1 15955813 t miannu "the TDRD3 GST-Tudor protein interacted strongly with methylated SmB/B′ and SmD but not with SmE. These results suggest that the Tudor domains of SMN and SPF30 likely interact with assembled snRNPs, whereas the Tudor domain of TDRD3 might bind unassembled methylated Sm proteins." SIGNOR-253518 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:32814 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267425 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10775268 t gcesareni "Ctnnb1 forms a ternary complex with lef1 and ep300 that is disrupted by ctnnbip1 binding" SIGNOR-76987 LAMC2 protein Q13753 UNIPROT Laminin-5 complex SIGNOR-C184 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9211848 t lperfetto "Like the other laminins (3), Ln-5 comprises three disul- fide-bonded subunits: a3, b3, and g2." SIGNOR-253237 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 12738770 t lperfetto "Smurf1 interacts directly with Cbfa1 and mediates Cbfa1 degradation in a ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent manner." SIGNOR-236083 4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-6-methoxy-7-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]quinazoline chemical CHEBI:94782 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190919 ALPL protein P05186 UNIPROT Bone_mineralization phenotype SIGNOR-PH69 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19049325 f miannu "PC-1 and Tnap work together to produce normally mineralized bone matrix through the generation and hydrolysis of pyrophosphate." SIGNOR-252196 MKRN1 protein Q9UHC7 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 15805468 t miannu "MKRN1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase for hTERT in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we have used the yeast two-hybrid method to identify a novel RING finger gene (MKRN1) encoding an E3 ligase that mediates ubiquitination of hTERT. Overexpression of MKRN1 in telomerase-positive cells promotes the degradation of hTERT and decreases telomerase activity and subsequently telomere length. " SIGNOR-271529 2-cyclohexyl-6-methoxy-N-(1-propan-2-yl-4-piperidinyl)-7-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]-4-quinazolinamine chemical CHEBI:95074 ChEBI EHMT2 protein Q96KQ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 26320100 t miannu "Using a small-molecule screen, we found that UNC0638, a selective inhibitor of EHMT1 and EHMT2 histone methyltransferases, induces γ-globin expression." SIGNOR-262240 DTNB protein O60941 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255990 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser44 ESEESQDsSDSIGSS 9606 20730097 t lperfetto "We propose that constitutive hyperphosphorylation by ck1/ck2 maintains atf1 in an inactive state that promotes transcriptional repression. Pp2a/b56c antagonizes phosphorylation of atm sites in both creb and atf4" SIGNOR-167572 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RCC1 protein P18754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2 sPKRIAKR -1 15014043 t miannu "Human RCC1 is phosphorylated on Ser 2 and Ser 11 in mitosis by Cdc2 kinase. We show here that Cdc2 kinase phosphorylates the serines located in or near the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of human RCC1, the nucleotide exchange factor for Ran. This phosphorylation is necessary for RCC1 to generate RanGTP on mitotic chromosomes in mammalian cells, which in turn is required for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation." SIGNOR-262701 KANSL3 protein Q9P2N6 UNIPROT Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 26243146 f miannu "Here we uncover a novel function of the NSL complex members in mitosis. As the cell enters mitosis, KANSL1 and KANSL3 undergo a marked relocalisation from the chromatin to the mitotic spindle. By stabilizing microtubule minus ends in a RanGTP-dependent manner, they are essential for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation." SIGNOR-267171 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 PTIPGVTsPSSDEPP 9606 9204908 t miannu "MTOR phosphorylated PHAS-I on serine and threonine residues in vitro, and these modifications inhibited the binding of PHAS-I to eIF-4E." SIGNOR-250292 CTNND2 protein Q9UQB3 UNIPROT ERBIN protein Q96RT1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11821434 t miannu "We characterized the interactions between the Erbin PDZ domain and both ARVCF and δ-catenin in vitro and in vivo. endogenous δ-catenin and Erbin co-localized in and co-immunoprecipitated from neurons. These results suggest that δ-catenin and ARVCF may function to mediate the association of Erbin with the junctional cadherin-catenin complex." SIGNOR-252120 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr603 PCCIVTStYGWTANM 9606 24117238 t lperfetto "Threonine residue set, thr(115)/thr(425)/thr(603), of hsp90_ is specifically phosphorylated by pkc_, and, more interestingly, this threonine residue set serves as a 'phosphorylation switch' for hsp90_ binding or release of pkc_. Moreover, phosphorylation of hsp90_ by pkc_ decreases the binding affinity of hsp90_ towards atp and co-chaperones such as cdc37 (cell-division cycle 37), thereby decreasing its chaperone activity." SIGNOR-202820 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser400 EDQPRCQsLDSALLE 9606 BTO:0000007 12138205 t "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of Cot occurs exclusively on serines 400 and 413. Akt to phosphorylate Cot at two sites in the carboxy-terminal domain, at least one of which may promote binding of substrates or coactivators to Cot, or alternatively may relieve binding of a negative regulator." SIGNOR-252571 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000443 BTO:0001103;BTO:0000142;BTO:0000562;BTO:0000759 16054041 t lperfetto "Gamma non-catalytic subunit mediates binding to amp, adp and atp, leading to activate or inhibit ampk: amp-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (prkaa1 or prkaa2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-139158 ESRRA protein P11474 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253790 CENPW protein Q5EE01 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265202 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT THBS1 protein P07996 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10029407 f miannu "p53 transcriptionally activates expression of the genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, cathepsin D, and thrombospondin-1 but represses expression of the genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor and multidrug resistance-1." SIGNOR-255433 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser322 TTLPRMKsSSSVTTS 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21945940 t lperfetto "Here we show that phosphorylation of vasp by ampk occurs at a novel site, serine 322, and that phosphorylation at this site alters actin filament binding. We also show that inhibition of ampk activity results in the accumulation of vasp at cell-cell adhesions and a concomitant increase in cell-cell adhesion." SIGNOR-176642 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser283 RSVPEPLsPVSSLQA -1 16027724 t "GSK-3, p38 and CDK2 can phosphorylate Cdx2 through the 4S motif in vitro, but only CDK2 was shown to be active in vivo. the compound mutant 4S>A (serines 281, 285, 289 and 293 replaced by alanines)" SIGNOR-251227 PD318088 chemical CID:10231331 PUBCHEM MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205740 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser830 QEHARHIsFGGNLIT 9606 BTO:0000007 15987997 t miannu "Phosphorylation and stabilization of HURP by Aurora-A. Four phosphorylated residues were identified, namely, HURP-S627, -S725, -S757, and -S830, with 65% amino acid sequence coverage. we propose here that Aurora-A may phosphorylate HURP and this probably attenuates the negative impact of cdk1 phosphorylation and by inhibiting subsequent proteasome activity and this will generate a longer HURP half-life." SIGNOR-262652 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ADAR protein P55265 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1033 RLGERLRtMSCSDKI -1 31095429 t miannu "AKT-dependent phosphorylation of the adenosine deaminases ADAR-1 and -2 inhibits deaminase activity. Using site-directed mutagenesis of suspected AKT phosphorylation sites, AKT was found to primarily phosphorylate ADAR1p110 and ADAR2 on T738 and T553, respectively, and overexpression of the phosphomimic mutants ADAR1p110 (T738D) and ADAR2 (T553D) resulted in a 50-100% reduction in editase activity." SIGNOR-266357 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser418 TTENRFHsLPFSLTK 9606 BTO:0000661 15870263 t gianni "In response to cellular stimuli, CYLD undergoes rapid and transient phosphorylation, which is required for signal-induced TRAF2 ubiquitination and activation of downstream signaling events. Interestingly, the CYLD phosphorylation requires IkappaB kinase gamma (IKKgamma) and can be induced by IKK catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-266435 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 phosphorylation:Tyr177 8402896 t gcesareni "BCR-ABL-induced oncogenesis is mediated by direct interaction with the SH2 domain of the GRB-2 adaptor protein. Mutation of Y177 to phenylalanine (Y177F) abolishes GRB-2 binding and abrogates BCR-ABL-induced Ras activation" SIGNOR-248199 M protein P0DTC5 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 33110251 t miannu "Here, we identified SARS-CoV-2 membrane glycoprotein M as a negative regulator of the innate immune response. We found that the M protein interacted with the central adaptor protein MAVS in the innate immune response pathways. This interaction impaired MAVS aggregation and its recruitment of downstream TRAF3, TBK1, and IRF3, leading to attenuation of the innate antiviral response. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 evades the innate immune response and suggest that the M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a potential target for the development of SARS-CoV-2 interventions." SIGNOR-262515 9b protein P59636 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 25135833 f miannu "SARS-coronavirus Open Reading frame-9b Suppresses Innate Immunity by Targeting Mitochondria and the MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 Signalosome. Acting on mitochondria, ORF-9b targets the mitochondrial-associated adaptor molecule MAVS signalosome by usurping PCBP2 and the HECT domain E3 ligase AIP4 to trigger the degradation of MAVS, TRAF3, and TRAF 6." SIGNOR-260241 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr367 NNSSRPStPTINVLE 10090 BTO:0000165 28067271 t "Here, we show that p38α kinase promotes EZH2 degradation in differentiating muscle cells through phosphorylation of threonine 372" SIGNOR-255663 SGCG protein Q13326 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255987 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr811 ADDSSSStSSDSLGG -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-251075 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259794 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT GLS2 protein Q9UI32 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 31577957 t Luana "Thus, GATA3 contributes to the elevated expression of GLS2 in luminal-subtype breast cancers." SIGNOR-268034 STAG2 protein Q8N3U4 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 14660624 f miannu "Stag2 is able to enhance the activity of the tumor necrosis factor alpha, the cd69, and the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat promoters in a nf-kappab-dependent manner." SIGNOR-119988 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser35 SQGSSSQsQGISSSS 9606 BTO:0000007 10973490 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of chk2 are ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (atm) dependent in response to ir" SIGNOR-81403 HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257116 NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12471034 t "Gamma secretase subunit. Leads to PS1/PS2 eterodimer complex stabilisation" gcesareni "Nicastrin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, forms high molecular weight complexes with presenilin 1 and presenilin 2." SIGNOR-96253 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp242 VRQKSEVdIVVSEDL 9606 11741536 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase (ikk) beta was specifically proteolyzed by caspase-3-related caspases at aspartic acid residues 78, 242, 373, and 546 during tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-112788 DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 9528794 f gcesareni "Our experiments indicate that deltex expression alone is suffcient to inhibit e47." SIGNOR-56141 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT T-lymphocyte_diff phenotype SIGNOR-PH112 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 22267605 f "Transcription factor GATA-3 is known to be vital for the development of T cells at multiple stages in the thymus and for Th2 differentiation in the peripheral organs" SIGNOR-259953 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 SRSGLYRsPSMPENL 9606 SIGNOR-C16 20530684 t gcesareni "The cyclin e/cdk2 complex phosphorylates cdc25c on ser(214), leading to its premature activation, which coincides with higher cyclin b/cdk1 and polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) activities in an s-phase-enriched population that result in faster mitotic entry." SIGNOR-165872 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 9753670 f gcesareni "Wnt4, wnt5a and wnt6 exert an intermediate effect activating both myf5 and myod equivalently in paraxial mesoderm." SIGNOR-60379 MID1IP1 protein Q9NPA3 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000457 20952656 t miannu "Recently, we reported the discovery that MIG12, a 183 amino acid protein, binds to ACC1 and ACC2, which induces polymerization and subsequently increases the enzymatic activity of the protein" SIGNOR-267111 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT IL1R2 protein P27930 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000876 8332913 t gcesareni "Interleukin-1 (il-1) interacts with cells through two types of binding molecules, il-1 type i receptor (il-1r i) and il-1r ii. Il-1r ii inhibits il-1 activity by acting as a decoy target for il-1" SIGNOR-38302 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT EPRS1 protein P07814 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269419 cysteine smallmolecule CHEBI:15356 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264759 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PRDX1 protein Q06830 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 CHLAWVNtPKKQGGL 9606 11986303 t lperfetto "Peroxiredoxin (prx) i is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of peroxidases and contains a consensus site (thr(90)-pro-lys-lys) for phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). This protein has now been shown to be phosphorylated specifically on thr(90) by several cdks, including cdc2, in vitro. Phosphorylation of prx i on thr(90) reduced the peroxidase activity of this protein by 80%." SIGNOR-87097 APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT LDLR protein P01130 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11986215 t gcesareni "In the case of ldl, binding of apolipoprotein b (apob) to the ldl-r18-20 and proteoglycans17 21 initiates plasma clearance and lipoprotein degradation" SIGNOR-87035 KLF15 protein Q9UIH9 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 15664998 f lperfetto "Moreover, KLF15 and C/EBPalpha acted synergistically to increase the activity of the PPARgamma2 gene promoter in 3T3-L1 adipocytes." SIGNOR-235331 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 19917253 t lperfetto "Through its ww domain, nedd4l specifically recognizes a tgf-beta-induced phosphothr-protyr motif in the linker region, resulting in smad2/3 polyubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-217622 PPP2R2B protein Q00005 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21075311 t gcesareni "Here, we show that PPP2R2B, encoding the B55² regulatory subunit of the PP2A complex, is epigenetically inactivated by DNA hypermethylation in colorectal cancer. B55²-associated PP2A interacts with PDK1 and modulates its activity toward Myc phosphorylation." SIGNOR-243511 TCL1B protein O95988 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t gcesareni "In vivo, tcl1 forms trimers, which associate with akt. Tcl1 facilitates the oligomerization and activation of akt. Our data show that tcl1 is a novel akt kinase coactivator, which promotes akt-induced cell survival and proliferation." SIGNOR-81713 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ATRIP protein Q8WXE1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser239 VIKPEACsPQFGKTS 9606 17638878 t lperfetto "Two novel phosphorylation sites on atrip were identified, s224 and s239" SIGNOR-156932 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT AGAP2 protein Q99490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser279 KSKTLDNsDLHPGPP 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0000527 18487454 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that cyclin dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), a protein known to function mainly in postmitotic neurons, directly phosphorylates pike-a at ser-279 in its gtpase domain in glioblastoma cells. This phosphorylation event stimulates pike-a gtpase activity and the activity of its downstream effector akt." SIGNOR-178660 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24697349 t "Adaptor protein Grb2 binds phosphotyrosines in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and thereby links receptor activation to intracellular signaling cascades." SIGNOR-267725 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7314 KSASRPGsRAGSRAG 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264431 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr163 TDGSLPStPPPAEEE 9606 BTO:0000150 18676833 t fstefani "We then showed that erk could phosphorylate mcl-1 at two consensus residues, thr 92 and 163, which is required for the association of mcl-1 and pin1, resulting in stabilization of mcl-1." SIGNOR-179812 GUCY1A2 protein P33402 UNIPROT GUCY1A2-B2 complex SIGNOR-C137 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "This enzyme is a heterodimeric protein consisting of - and ²-subunits, and expression of both subunits is required for catalytic activity" SIGNOR-243971 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1951 SPGYSPTsPTYSLTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120260 HOXA11 protein P31270 UNIPROT PRL protein P01236 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003697 19727442 t Luana "HoxA-11 enhanced upregulation of PRL only in differentiated cells." SIGNOR-261630 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 20080667 t miannu "DAB2IP prevents β-catenin nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-254755 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser31 ALRLLDSsQIVIISA 10090 11459832 t lperfetto "Selective induction of e2f1 in response to dna damage, mediated by atm-dependent phosphorylation. We identify a site for atm/atr phosphorylation in the amino terminus of e2f1 and we show that this site is required for atm-mediated stabilization of e2f1. Finally, we also show that e2f1 is required for dna damaged induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes." SIGNOR-109416 KLF11 protein O14901 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 10207080 f Regulation miannu "Transfection of K562 cells with FKLF cDNA enhanced the expression of the endogenous epsilon- and gamma-globin genes, suggesting an in vivo role of FKLF in fetal and embryonic globin gene expression." SIGNOR-251827 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser175 SPASSGSsASFISDT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248513 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 f gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-84035 INTS7 protein Q9NVH2 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261464 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270620 ACAT1 protein P24752 UNIPROT PDP1 protein Q9P0J1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 34289383 t lperfetto "We previously reported that the mitochondrial fraction of FLT3 activates acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase ACAT1 in mitochondria via Y407 phosphorylation to acetylate and inhibit mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase A (PDHA) and PDH phosphatase 1 (PDP1)" SIGNOR-267635 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 9606 14670079 t lperfetto "We have recently found that nucleophosmin (npm/b23), a phosphoprotein primarily found in nucleolus, associates with unduplicated centrosomes and is a direct substrate of cdk2-cyclin e in centrosome duplication." SIGNOR-216690 FCER1 complex SIGNOR-C200 SIGNOR SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000830 16470226 f "Alessandro Palma" "It is clear that these initial signalling events involve coalescence of the aggregated receptors with specialized microdomains of the plasma membrane known as lipid rafts9, activation of SRC-family kinases and, subsequently, tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor subunits" SIGNOR-254957 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT SNW1 protein Q13573 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11404076 t gcesareni "Contact with skip is required for biological activity of notchic. A mutation in the fourth ankyrin repeat that abolished notch signal transduction did not affect interaction with cbf1 but abolished interaction with skip." SIGNOR-86125 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr393 FGLSRLMtGDTYTAH 9606 10964922 t Manara "We demonstrate here that autophosphorylation of ABL1 is intermolecular and stimulates Abl catalytic activity." SIGNOR-260781 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10485710 t gcesareni "Tnf activates phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pi(3)k)" SIGNOR-70625 CACNA2D3 protein Q8IZS8 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27583705 t miannu "Our findings showed that increased intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) mediated by overexpression of CACNA2D3 induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of NLK (through the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway) and inhibition of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition." SIGNOR-266853 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257688 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003725 11439327 t miannu "We show that SK-UT-1B cells express a novel splice variant of Skp2 that localizes to the cytoplasm and that cyclin D1 ubiquitination takes place in the nucleus. We propose that the translocation of Skp2 into the nucleus is required for the ubiquitination of cyclin D1 and that the absence of the SCF(Skp2) complex in the nucleus of SK-UT-1B cells is the mechanism underlying the ubiquitination defect observed in this cell line." SIGNOR-272577 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser643 CFTPKGSsLKIEERA 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 8182108 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of both intact caldesmon and of its c-terminal fragment (658c), containing residues 658-756, significantly decreased their ability to inhibit acto-heavy meromyosin atpase." SIGNOR-36788 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270699 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr48 VCPDVPRtPVGKFLG 9606 10037602 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-48, thr-67, ser-122, thr-130, ser-168 and ser-214 occurs at g2 and g2-m transition and is catalyzed by cdk1. Ser-168 phosphorylation levels are lower than those at the other 5 cdk1 sites. Phosphorylation by cdk1 leads to increased activity." SIGNOR-64964 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser301 SSSPNNLsPTGWSQP 10090 BTO:0000944 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-249443 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000931 11054669 f miannu "Our data show that functional sympathetic neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells is associated with transient activation of HES-1 and down-regulation of HASH-1 expression." SIGNOR-254824 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr64 ENLRRATtDLGRSLG -1 10467162 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation of wild-type PKN increased the protein kinase activity, however, substitution of Thr64, Ser374, or Thr531 in the regulatory region of PKN with alanine, abolished this effect." SIGNOR-249019 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 10090 BTO:0000944 15367694 t "Protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates insulin's metabolic signaling pathway by inhibiting Akt (protein kinase B) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" SIGNOR-252614 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr455 ALGTPVLtPPTEAAS 9606 BTO:0000848 BTO:0001253 20959475 t lperfetto "Braf(v600e) signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and c-jun nh(2) terminal kinase-mediated activation of foxo4 via its phosphorylation on thr(223), ser(226), thr(447), and thr(451)." SIGNOR-168766 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11237216 t lperfetto "Although the three ppar subtypes are closely related and bind to similar dna response elements as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor rxr, each subserves a distinct physiology" SIGNOR-105454 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 19910923 t gcesareni "Fz2 was also required for the wnt3a-dependent accumulation of beta-catenin, and wnt5a competed with wnt3a for binding to fz2 in vitro and in intact cells, thereby inhibiting the beta-catenin pathway.Wnt5a Internalized fz2 probably with ror1 or ror2 through the clathrin-mediated route, whereas wnt5a competed with wnt3a for binding to fz2 to inhibit the beta-catenin pathway." SIGNOR-189120 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PHKA2 protein P46019 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10487978 t "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-267408 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ARHGDIA protein P52565 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser101 LESFKKQsFVLKEGV 9606 15225553 t lperfetto "Pak1 binds and phosphorylates rhogdi both in vitro and in vivo at ser101 and ser174. This resulted in dissociation of rac1-rhogdi, but not rhoa-rhogdi, complexes, as determined by in vitro assays of complexation and in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation analysis. We observed that cdc42-induced rac1 activation is inhibited by expression of pak1 autoinhibitory domain. The dissociation of rac1 from rhogdi and its subsequent activation stimulated by pdgf or egf is also attenuated by pak1 autoinhibitory domain, and this is dependent on the ability of rhogdi to be phosphorylated at ser101/174." SIGNOR-126650 SNRPA1 protein P09661 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270655 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9552384 f gcesareni "C-myc has emerged as one of the central regulators of mammalian cell proliferation." SIGNOR-56572 CD47 protein Q08722 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266016 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000586 SIGNOR-C110 16293724 t lperfetto "We show that PGE2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor, EP2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase Akt by free G protein betagamma subunits and the direct association of the G protein alphas subunit with the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain of axin. This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-235718 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GABRB2 protein P47870 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser472 SRLRRRAsQLKITIP 9606 BTO:0000007 12818177 t miannu "Here we report that Akt phosphorylates, both in vitro and in vivo, the type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A)R), the principal receptor mediating fast inhibitory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Akt-mediated phosphorylation increases the number of GABA(A)Rs on the plasma membrane surface, thereby increasing the receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in neurons. These results identify the GABA(A)R as a novel substrate of Akt, thereby linking Akt to the regulation of synaptic strength." SIGNOR-262619 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr191 SRLLHSDyMNMTPRR 9606 22936936 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that emt can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the cd28 tail, in contrast to lck, which phosphorylates only tyrosine 173. Together with evidence that in vivo, tyrosines other than tyrosine 173 become phosphorylated following cd28 stimulation, this finding suggests that, like lck, one function of emt during cd28 signaling is phosphorylation of the receptor" SIGNOR-198755 ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23863160 f lperfetto "In mammals, two protein complexes, namely the ULK1/Atg13/FIP200 (200kDa focal adhesion kinase family-interacting protein) complex and the Beclin/Vps34 complex, function jointly to produce the phagophore membrane, the initial phase of autophagosome formation." SIGNOR-209907 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser74 TPHLPPCsPPKQGKK 9606 SIGNOR-C83 9889196 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of mammalian cdc6 by cyclin a/cdk2 regulates its subcellular localization/based on our data we suggest that the phosphorylation of cdc6 by cyclin a/cdk2 is a negative regulatory event that could be implicated in preventing re-replication during s phase and g2." SIGNOR-63895 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PPP1R13L protein Q8WUF5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser113 LHPYSPLsPKGRPSS 9606 30105797 t done miannu "Cyclin B/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylates inhibitor of apoptosis stimulating protein of P53 (iASPP) to promote iASPP nucleus localization and its inhibitory effect on p53. " SIGNOR-273586 L-thyroxine(1-) chemical CHEBI:60302 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258051 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu59 HLERECMeETCSYEE -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263668 TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21211055 f gcesareni "Tead1 can regulate transcription of the foxo3a gene through the binding to the m-cat element, demonstrated with independent chip-pcr analysis, emsa and luciferase reporter system assay. The over-expression and inhibition analysis suggest that foxo3a was positively regulated by tead1." SIGNOR-170976 ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 29274743 t miannu "Neurite growth-related genes such as Trkb, Bdnf, Gap43, Coronin 1B, and Rab13 are downregulated in ANKRD11-deficient neurons. " SIGNOR-266736 beta-alanine smallmolecule CHEBI:16958 ChEBI GLRA1 protein P23415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9009272 t miannu "For each mutant GlyR we examined the agonist efficacies of taurine and β-alanine relative to glycine, the concentration of each agonist required for half-maximal current activation (EC50) and, in mutant GlyRs where β-alanine and taurine exhibited partial or no agonist efficacy, the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of glycine-gated currents (IC50).experiments described in this report were performed on human α1 homomeric GlyRs recombinantly expressed in mammalian HEK 293 cells. Taurine and β-alanine act as full agonists of human α1 GlyRs when expressed in this system." SIGNOR-258581 "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11724794 t miannu "GAPDH is commonly known as a key enzyme in glycolysis (GAPDH catalyzes the NAD-mediated oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate), a number of intriguing intracellular roles have been reported including modulation of the cytoskeleton, kinase activity, and the promotion of vesicle fusion" SIGNOR-266493 HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257000 tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29183 ChEBI Val-tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29164 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30755602 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase." SIGNOR-270531 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT CXCR2 protein P25025 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 18292390 t lperfetto "EMSA, ChIP, and transient transfection assays indicate that PPAR-gamma activates the CXCR2 promoter by binding to a PPAR response element (PPRE)." SIGNOR-271682 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 19217427 t lperfetto "Amp-activated protein kinase phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein. Rb phosphorylation sites, ser804 (ser811 in human), resembled the ampk consensus phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-216635 CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Thus, it has been shown that calpain cleaves the inhibitory domain of GSK3 generating two fragments of 40 and 30 kDa. This cleavage enhanced activity of the kinase" SIGNOR-251586 FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 16418530 f lperfetto "In response to agonist stimulation, the αIIbβ3 integrin on platelets is converted to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation." SIGNOR-253372 PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT SLC25A20 protein O43772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19577614 f miannu "CACT is upregulated by PPARalpha and PPARdelta, probably by binding to a functional PPRE at position +45 to +57 relative to the transcription start site. The upregulation of CACT by PPARalpha and PPARdelta, which are both important for the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in tissues during fasting, may increase the import of acylcarnitine into the mitochondrial matrix during fasting." SIGNOR-255049 BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001909 19171758 f miannu "Ectopic expression of IRSp53 in mouse neuroblastoma N1E115 cells induces neurite outgrowth . Kank inhibits IRSp53-mediated neurite outgrowth in N1E115 cells" SIGNOR-265555 GPI protein P06744 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) catalyzes the interconversion of G6P into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) in the second step of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (Figure 1). As a result of this reversible reaction, products of the hexose-monophosphate shunt can be recycled to G6P." SIGNOR-266461 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling as pka suppresses the activity of gli, smo might use the stimulation of pi3k by galfai and gbetagamma subu- nits to block pka in cells that have high levels of camp" SIGNOR-148592 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1252 CKKAGNLyDISEDNS 9606 BTO:0000007 11024032 t "Tyr-1252, Tyr-1336, and Tyr-1472 of GluRε2 are phosphorylated in 293T cells when active Fyn is co-expressed." SIGNOR-251172 prednisolone chemical CHEBI:8378 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 8335191 t "Crohn's Disease" gcesareni SIGNOR-251701 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255505 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC27 protein P30260 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 FLWSPFEsLCEIGEK 9606 21209074 t lperfetto "We report here that phosphorylation of cdc27, a core subunit of apc, in response to tgf- signaling can facilitate the activation of apc.we have demonstrated that casein kinase ii (ckii) is involved in the phosphorylation of cdc27 in response to tgf- signaling." SIGNOR-170872 GALR1 protein P47211 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256830 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 10944113 t miannu "Here we show that the product of the von hippel-lindau (vhl) tumor suppressor gene mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of hif-1 alpha under normoxic conditions via interaction with the core of the oxygen-dependent degradation domain of hif-1 alpha." SIGNOR-80969 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser31 PQDELDFsILFDYEY 9606 23105117 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that vrk2 directly interacts and phosphorylates nfat1 in ser-32 within its n-terminal transactivation domain." SIGNOR-199263 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 18570871 t gcesareni "In mammalian cells, the antiapoptotic protein, bcl-2, binds to beclin 1 during nonstarvation conditions and inhibits its autophagy function." SIGNOR-179084 KPNA2 protein P52292 UNIPROT RNMT protein O43148 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26942677 t lperfetto "KPNA2 Inhibits RNMT Activity|We report that CDK1-cyclin B1 phosphorylates the RNMT regulatory domain on T77 during G2/M phase of the cell cycle. RNMT T77 phosphorylation activates the enzyme both directly and indirectly by inhibiting interaction with KPNA2, an RNMT inhibitor." SIGNOR-265502 cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI SOAT1 protein P35610 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000759 31848472 t miannu "Excess cholesterol is esterified by acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; also known as SOAT) to cholesteryl esters" SIGNOR-265159 PAWR protein Q96IZ0 UNIPROT WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 8943350 t 2 miannu "We identified par-4 (for prostate apoptosis response) as a WT1-interacting protein that itself functions as a transcriptional repressor. Functionally, par-4 inhibited transcription activated by WT1" SIGNOR-240596 "Glycine cleavage system" complex SIGNOR-C437 SIGNOR "carbon dioxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16526 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051266 t lperfetto "The glycine cleavage system is a mitochondrial multienzyme system composed of four proteins termed P, H, T and L-protein, and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-H4folate), and reduced pyridine nucleotide." SIGNOR-268244 MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 12169099 t gcesareni "Up-regulation of c-jun mrna in cardiac myocytes requires the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade, but c-jun n-terminal kinases are required for efficient up-regulation of c-jun protein. these data suggest that erks, rather than jnks, are required for c- jun up-regulation." SIGNOR-91375 PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser146 GRKRRQTsMTDFYHS 9606 31575057 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at Ser-146 by PKCδ increases p21 stability" SIGNOR-262963 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001103 15109499 f gcesareni "Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy." SIGNOR-252932 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 17349958 t llicata "Here, we demonstrate that the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (dyrk2) directly phosphorylates p53 at ser46. these findings indicate that dyrk2 regulates p53 to induce apoptosis in response to dna damage." SIGNOR-153544 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15894802 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-270277 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT NOX4 protein Q9NPH5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002195 18554521 f lperfetto "Positive regulation of the NADPH oxidase NOX4 promoter in vascular smooth muscle cells by E2F" SIGNOR-254134 N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine chemical CHEBI:64098 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258467 USO1 protein O60763 UNIPROT GOLGB1 protein Q14789 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23555793 t miannu "The “cis-golgin tether” is one of the most well-characterized golgin tether complexes. It is composed of the COPI vesicle-associated golgin giantin linked to Golgi membrane-associated GM130 via p115. GM130 is in turn linked to GRASP65 via a PDZ-like domain. GRASP65 is anchored to the Golgi membrane through N-terminal myristoylation as well as through binding to other Golgi proteins [10]. Together, these proteins appear to mediate vesicle tethering at the cis-Golgi membrane." SIGNOR-261237 HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation -1 11486036 t miannu "Previous studies have established that YY1 interacts with histone acetyltransferases p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), HDAC2, and HDAC3. Here, we present evidence that the activity of YY1 is regulated through acetylation by p300 and PCAF and through deacetylation by HDACs. YY1 was acetylated in two regions: both p300 and PCAF acetylated the central glycine-lysine-rich domain of residues 170 to 200, and PCAF also acetylated YY1 at the C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domain. Acetylation of the central region was required for the full transcriptional repressor activity of YY1 and targeted YY1 for active deacetylation by HDACs." SIGNOR-268837 CUX2 protein O14529 UNIPROT OGG1 protein O15527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 26221032 t miannu "CUX2 Interacts Directly with OGG1 and Stimulate Its Binding to DNA Containing 8-OxoG" SIGNOR-263960 S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9488656 f gcesareni "Edg-1 is known to activate the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (erk-2) through pertussis toxin (ptx)sensitive giprotein" SIGNOR-54770 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser330 SFRVRASsDGEGTMS -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-250908 L3MBTL2 protein Q969R5 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31225475 t miannu "L3MBTL2 links RNF8 and RNF168 in the DNA double strand break response. The protein kinase ATM phosphorylates L3MBTL2, which recruits it to the DNA lesion by promoting the interaction between MDC1 and L3MBTL2. L3MBTL2 is subsequently ubiquitinated by RNF8, which acts as a docking site for RNF168, thereby recruiting the ubiquitin ligase to the damage site. RNF168, in turn, ubiquitinates H2A-type histones to amplify the DNA damage response and recruit downstream DNA repair proteins for proper DSB signaling." SIGNOR-266786 SEMA3B protein Q13214 UNIPROT NRP2 protein O60462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001176;BTO:0002036 25335892 t miannu "Further examination of the composition of the functional Sema3B receptor revealed that, unlike Sema3A, which signals exclusively using the NP1 receptor, Sema3B utilizes both NP1 and NP2 for signal transduction." SIGNOR-261816 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 22723377 t miannu "The transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-6 downregulates genes involved in cell-cycle progression and becomes inactivated following phosphorylation by the Rac1 GTPase-activated protein kinase PAK1." SIGNOR-253930 HOXD9 protein P28356 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10523646 t miannu "We find that DNA binding by MEIS1A is absolutely required for the formation of a cooperative complex with HOXD9" SIGNOR-220721 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAP1GAP protein P47736 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser484 SLIVPGKsPTRKKSG 9606 1406653 t lperfetto "Two of the sites of phosphorylation by cyclic amp (camp)-dependent kinase were localized to serine residues 490 and 499, and one site of phosphorylation by p34cdc2 was localized to serine 484." SIGNOR-18735 "D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:61527 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21310273 t miannu "GFPT1 catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamine onto fructose-6-phosphate, yielding glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) and glutamate. This transamidase reaction has been identified as the first and rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is the obligatory source of essential amino sugars for the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans" SIGNOR-267813 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT S100A6 protein P06703 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11118618 f miannu "The results indicate that USF1 binds to an E-box sequence of the calcyclin gene promoter and enhances its transcription activity." SIGNOR-255598 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT DNALI1 protein O14645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266933 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser312 TESITATsPASMVGG 10116 BTO:0000452 11287630 t lperfetto "Mtor induced the serine phosphorylation of irs-1 (ser-636/639), and such phosphorylation was inhibited by rapamycin. These results suggest that tnf impairs insulin signaling through irs-1 by activation of a pi 3-kinase/akt/mtor pathway, which is antagonized by pten" SIGNOR-106574 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR AIM2 protein O14862 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f lperfetto "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-256423 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1913 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120240 phosphatidylinositol chemical CHEBI:28874 ChEBI Outer_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C410 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "The OMM is comprised of a phospholipid bilayer that houses vital components such as metabolic enzymes and transport proteins|he OMM contains a variety of lipids. The major components of this bilayer include phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) |It has been reported that in the mammalian OMM, the most prominent of these lipids are PC (~54 % of total), PE (~29 %) and PI (~14 %) (Daum and Vance 1997). The remaining lipids comprise approximately 3 % of the total OMM composition." SIGNOR-267001 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT RUNX2/EP300 complex SIGNOR-C211 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 BTO:0002648 12697832 t "Giulio Giuliani" "More interestingly, the bone-specific transcriptionfactor Runx2/Cbfa1 is present in the immunoprecipitated material, strongly indicating that in osteoblastic cells expressing OC, p300 and Runx2/Cbfa1 are components of the same nuclear protein complex." SIGNOR-255418 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269253 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0001253 18296647 t gcesareni "Both akt and p70(s6k) phosphorylate pdcd4, allowing for binding of the e3-ubiquitin ligase beta-trcp and consequently ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-160985 Macrophage_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH126 SIGNOR CCL7 protein P80098 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 10090 32283152 f miannu "The rapid replication of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice induces the delayed release of IFN-α/β, which is accompanied by the influx of many pathogenic inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The accumulated mononuclear macrophages receive activating signals through the IFN-α/β receptors on their surface and produce more monocyte chemoattractants (such as CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12), resulting in the further accumulation of mononuclear macrophages." SIGNOR-260963 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr383 HYRYSDTtDSDPENE 9606 22413754 t miannu "Overall, our results suggest that PTEN autodephosphorylation may be a critical event in this process; thus a major protein substrate for PTEN may be PTEN itself.|Various studies have demonstrated that PTEN is itself a phosphoprotein, and that the major sites of phosphorylation are found in an acidic stretch (DHYRYSDTTDSDPENE) near the C-terminus [1]. This prompted us to consider whether PTEN may autodephosphorylate these sites" SIGNOR-248545 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 23584478 t lperfetto "Glycogen synthase kinase-3_ positively regulates protein synthesis and cell proliferation through the regulation of translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1We found that GSK-3_ phosphorylates and inactivates 4E-BP1, thereby increasing eIF4E-dependent protein synthesis." SIGNOR-201699 NFX1 protein Q12986 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17267499 f miannu "NFX1-123 augments the activation of hTERT expression through interactions with PABPCs" SIGNOR-226015 SPAG9 protein O60271 UNIPROT CDON/SPAG9 complex SIGNOR-C21 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 17074887 t gcesareni "In this study, we report that the cdo intracellular region interacts with jlp, a scaffold protein for the p38alpha/beta mapk pathway." SIGNOR-149178 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT SEPTIN5 protein Q99719 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 14559152 t miannu "SEPT5_v2 is highly homologous to another septin, SEPT5, which was recently identified as a target for parkin-mediated ubiquitination. SEPT5_v2 binds to parkin at the amino terminus and in the ring finger domains.Parkin ubiquitinates SEPT5_v2 in vitro, and both SEPT5_v1 and SEPT5_v2 accumulate in brains of patients with ARJP, suggesting that parkin is essential for the normal metabolism of these proteins." SIGNOR-272673 orotate smallmolecule CHEBI:30839 ChEBI "orotidine 5'-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57538 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 2912371 t miannu "Uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase contains two sequential catalytic activities for the synthesis of orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) from orotate (EC 2.4.2.10, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and the decarboxylation of OMP to form UMP (EC 4.1.1.23, OMP decarboxylase)." SIGNOR-267434 TLR9 protein Q9NR96 UNIPROT TICAM2 protein Q86XR7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t scontino "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-266750 SHOX protein O15266 UNIPROT NPPB protein P16860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17881654 f miannu "The ability of SHOX to transactivate the NPPB endogenous promoter was demonstrated in luciferase reporter assays using serial deletions of the NPPB promotor region. Binding of SHOX to the NPPB promoter was also demonstrated in vivo by chromatin fixation and immunoprecipitation. We also demonstrate the lack of promoter activation in two SHOX mutants from patients with Leri-Weill syndrome." SIGNOR-255138 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253421 LAMTOR3 protein Q9UHA4 UNIPROT LAMTOR complex SIGNOR-C26 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t lperfetto "Mammals express four rag proteinsRaga, ragb, ragc, and ragdthat form heterodimers consisting of raga or ragb with ragc or ragd. Raga and ragb, like ragc and ragd, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-164775 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT RAD18 protein Q9NS91 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19396164 t gcesareni "Rnf8 depletion also significantly reduced the accumulation of rad18 to chromatin fraction after ir" SIGNOR-185593 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr268 PNVHMVStTLPVDSR -1 8349614 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we find that Thr268 is the predominant Raf-1 residue phosphorylated in in vitro autokinase assays." SIGNOR-248917 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30616754 t lperfetto "FBPase converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) and inorganic phosphate in the second rate-limiting reaction of gluconeogenesis.|FBP1 is ubiquitously present in tissues and is the key gluconeogenic enzyme in the liver and kidney, while FBP2 is restricted to the muscle" SIGNOR-267588 MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "The c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk)-interacting protein (jip) group of scaffold proteins (jip1, jip2, and jip3) can interact with components of the jnk signaling pathway and potently activate jnk." SIGNOR-134558 HLF protein Q16534 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23415677 f miannu "Ectopic hlf expression inhibits apoptosis in murine and human cells, suggesting that hlf is regulating a conserved transcriptional program that inhibits cell death." SIGNOR-256647 HSD17B2 protein P37059 UNIPROT estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 8099587 t Luana "17 beta-HSD type 2 was capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione as well as estradiol and estrone. " SIGNOR-269762 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser721 PVVSGDTsPRHLSNV 9606 BTO:0000590 20679343 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Alzheimer disease neurons are characterized by extraneuronal plaques formed by aggregated amyloid-? Peptide and by intraneuronal tangles composed of fibrillar aggregates of the microtubule-associated tau protein. Tau is mostly found in a hyperphosphorylated form in these tangleswe find that three residues can be phosphorylated (ser-396, ser-400, and ser-404) by gsk3?" SIGNOR-167294 GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 15345719 f "In this study, we investigated the possible role of the Gβγ heterodimer in signaling Gi-induced Src activation" SIGNOR-251108 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Met-tRNA(Met) chemical CHEBI:16635 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269524 PRPF4B protein Q13523 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr417 ISVDGLStPVVLSPG 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000763 10799319 t lperfetto "Activated hprp4 phosphorylates residue thr-417 on elk-1 resulting in elk-1 activation." SIGNOR-77135 PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001874 17251190 f Regulation miannu "Pax6-stimulated activity of the Pax6 promoter is repressed by TGFβ signalling. TGFβ receptor activation represses Pax6 promoter activity by releasing Pax6 from autoregulating its own promoter." SIGNOR-251873 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT CDKN2D protein P55273 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17873901 f gcesareni "Foxo1a strongly activated p15ink4b transcription and p19ink4d transcription, while foxo3a showed higher p19ink4d transcription activity than p15ink4b transcription activity" SIGNOR-157839 rizatriptan chemical CHEBI:48273 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 10193663 t Luana "This study has demonstrated that the 5-HT receptor binding profile of eletriptan is qualitatively similar to the binding profile of sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan and rizatriptan. As expected these compounds demonstrated high affinity for the human 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors which is consistent with their known vasoconstrictor properties in isolated vascular tissues " SIGNOR-258342 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 22169964 f miannu "17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. . In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. In the present study, by means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253474 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT HOXB13 protein Q92826 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19013255 f miannu "Recruitment of HDAC4 by transcription factor YY1 represses HOXB13 to affect cell growth in AR-negative prostate cancers." SIGNOR-254232 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT KRT36 protein O76013 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272695 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 FYTLNGSsVDSQPQS 9606 BTO:0004553 24614225 t gianni "NMDA treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons causes recruitment of CYLD, as well as CaMKII, to the postsynaptic density (PSD), as shown by immunoelectron microscopy, […] Purified CaMKII phosphorylates CYLD on at least three residues (S-362, S-418, and S-772 on the human CYLD protein Q9NQC7-1) and promotes its deubiquitinase activity." SIGNOR-266442 FST protein P19883 UNIPROT MSTN protein O14793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 24627466 t lperfetto "Follistatin (FST) is a member of the tissue growth factor beta family and is a secreted glycoprotein that antagonizes many members of the family, including activin A, growth differentiation factor 11, and myostatin. FST315-deltaHBS-Fc induced improvements in muscle repair after injury/atrophy by modulating the early inflammatory phase allowing for increased macrophage density, and Pax7-positive cells leading to an accelerated restoration of myofibers and muscle function." SIGNOR-251717 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785;BTO:0000661;BTO:0003076 14624462 t gcesareni "We find, for the first time, that shp-1 down-regulates the level of tyk2 kinase in h9 cells and of jak1 kinase in htb26 cells, by accelerating their degradation." SIGNOR-119197 NUP107 protein P57740 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262090 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 11035810 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser21 and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 by protein kinase a." SIGNOR-83221 S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001545 28137827 f miannu "S100A9 induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells through TLR4." SIGNOR-261922 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser289 GQVLGRRsFEGRICA 9606 12097319 t llicata "The results show that pkcdeltacf phosphorylates the p73beta transactivation and dna-binding domains. pkcdeltacf-mediated phosphorylation of p73beta is associated with accumulation of p73beta and induction of p73beta-mediated transactivation." SIGNOR-90279 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265414 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT TFB2M protein Q9H5Q4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15684387 f lperfetto "Here, we establish that the expression of human TFB1M and TFB2M promoters is governed by nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2), key transcription factors implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, we show that NRF recognition sites within both TFB promoters are required for maximal trans activation by the PGC-1 family coactivators, PGC-1alpha and PRC" SIGNOR-268998 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11093753 t gcesareni "Lpa3 can couple to gi/o" SIGNOR-84562 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 1651322 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "It is likely that the map2 and ert kinases account for the phosphorylation of the egf receptor at thr669 (egf receptor (krel veplt669psgeapnqallr)) observed in cultured cells.Phosphorylation at ser-695 is partial and occurs only if thr-693 is phosphorylated. Phosphorylation at thr-678 and thr-693 by prkd1 inhibits egf-induced mapk8/jnk1 activation." SIGNOR-270017 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002314 24749067 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that FOXO3, perhaps by activating Notch signaling, promotes the quiescent state during SC self-renewal in adult muscle regeneration." SIGNOR-252940 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t "P21 is regulated by MyoD and myogenin in normal muscle cells and the inactivation of these factors in RMS cells contributes to the silencing of p21 in RMS cells" SIGNOR-251575 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1008 LNANDEAtVSVLGEL 9606 17376779 t gcesareni "Bubr1 was phosphorylated by plk1 in vitro at two plk1 consensus sites in the kinase domain of bubr1" SIGNOR-153863 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser434 SFEPKIRsPRRFIGS 9606 21035469 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-169150 "precursor messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:139356 ChEBI SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 32140746 t lperfetto "The SF3b complex is an intrinsic component of the functional U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). As U2 snRNP enters nuclear pre-mRNA splicing, SF3b plays key roles in recognizing the branch point sequence (BPS) and facilitating spliceosome assembly and activation." SIGNOR-268413 GPR35 protein Q9HC97 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257283 RNF139 protein Q8WU17 UNIPROT INSIG1 protein O15503 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20068067 t miannu "TRC8/RNF139 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase that inhibits growth in a RING- and ubiquitylation-dependent manner. TRC8 also contains a predicted sterol-sensing domain. Here, we report that TRC8 protein levels are sterol responsive and that it binds and stimulates ubiquitylation of the endoplasmic reticulum anchor protein INSIG. Thus, we conclude that INSIG-1 and 2 physically interact with TRC8, and that TRC8 enhances ubiquitylation of INSIG-1 in a RING-dependent manner" SIGNOR-271955 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19940151 t miannu "the ubiquitin ligase activity of CHIP regulates HIF-1α degradation." SIGNOR-271426 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ZFAND5 protein O76080 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272676 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271357 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser50 TSTMPNSsQSSHSSS 9606 BTO:0000007 10973490 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of chk2 are ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (atm) dependent in response to iratm- and rad3-related also phosphorylates thr68 in addition to thr26 and ser50, which are not phosphorylated to a significant extent by atm in vitro." SIGNOR-81407 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT CYP27B1 protein O15528 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 28363951 f lperfetto "These PTH actions are mainly mediated by Gsalpha signaling, which induces the expression of the gene encoding 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1) and destabilizes the transcript encoding vitamin D 24-hydroxylase (Cyp24a1)" SIGNOR-270554 "alvocidib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:90998 ChEBI CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192467 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 23124025 t lperfetto "IL-4-stimulated Stat6 activation is mediated by Jak1 whereas Tyk2 is required for Stat6 activation in IL-13-treated monocytes" SIGNOR-249531 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9606 SIGNOR-C3 10942774 t lperfetto "Mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent phosphorylation of phas-i in four (s/t)p sites detected by phospho-specific antibodies." SIGNOR-80797 RCOR1 protein Q9UKL0 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 10449787 f miannu "We show here that CoREST, a newly identified human protein, functions as a corepressor for REST. A single zinc finger motif in REST is required for CoREST interaction. Together, REST and CoREST mediate repression of the type II sodium channel promoter in nonneural cells, and the REST/CoREST complex may mediate long-term repression essential to maintenance of cell identity." SIGNOR-220695 BAG4 protein O95429 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000801 12748303 t gcesareni "It was suggested that the silencer of death domains (SODD) protein constitutively associates intracellularly with TNFR1 and inhibits the recruitment of cytoplasmic signaling proteins to TNFR1 to prevent spontaneous aggregation of the cytoplasmic death domains of TNFR1 molecules that are juxtaposed in the absence of ligand stimulation" SIGNOR-245022 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser205 GVRRRRLsNVSLTGV 9606 10867018 t llicata "Activation of the serine/threonine kinase, protein kinase d (pkd/pkc mu) via a phorbol ester/pkc-dependent pathway involves phosphorylation events. the second autophosphorylation site (ser(203)) lies in that region of the regulatory domain" SIGNOR-78676 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269626 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 t gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-84050 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CTDP1 protein Q9Y5B0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser740 TKAQRENsPAAFPDR 9606 BTO:0000567 12591939 t llicata "We found that only phosphorylated FCP1 can physically interact with TFIIF. We set out to purify an FCP1 kinase from HeLa cells and identified casein kinase 2, which, surprisingly, displayed a negative effect on FCP1-associated activities.| Phosphorylation of FCP1 by CK2 Inhibits the Transcription Elongation Activity of FCP1. | Two in vivo phosphorylation sites within the C terminus of FCP1 at Ser-575 and Ser-740 were identified" SIGNOR-250845 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2484 LVSFHDDsDEDLLHI 9606 8318012 t lperfetto "The two sites phosphorylated by ck ii in vivo and in vitro are ser82 and ser157." SIGNOR-37835 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 27858941 f miannu "DAB2IP inactivation promotes tumor growth and survival, development, and proliferation of CSC, and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. It induces EMT, increases cell migration and invasion, and counteracts pro-apoptotic signaling." SIGNOR-254779 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 LKHVTQSsRKLIRAD 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129320 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257651 DLST protein P36957 UNIPROT OGDC complex SIGNOR-C397 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15953811 t miannu "The α-ketoglutarate–dehydrogenase complex is a complex including multiple copies of three proteins: E1k (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), E2k (dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase), and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (Fig. 2). The consecutive action of the three catalytic components of KGDHC results in oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, preserving the energy in the form of succinylCoA and NADH." SIGNOR-266254 TIAM1 protein Q13009 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 20654717 f gcesareni "This smo-tiam1 complex dissociates upon shh-mediated activation of smo, thus allowing tiam1 to activate rac1." SIGNOR-167073 ICE1 protein Q9Y2F5 UNIPROT ELL/ICE1 complex SIGNOR-C48 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 22195968 t miannu "The ell-ice complex is called lec for its proposed role in transcriptional regulation of the littlesnrna genes." SIGNOR-193486 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT FABP4 protein P15090 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr20 SSENFDDyMKEVGVG -1 1648089 t "Adipocyte lipid-binding protein is phosphorylated on tyrosine 19 in an insulin-stimulated fashion by the insulin receptor" SIGNOR-251309 METTL21C protein Q5VZV1 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Lys315 AIAPKREkTHGEVER 10090 BTO:0002319 29719249 t "We reveal that METTL21C trimethylates p97 on the Lys315 residue and found that loss of this modification reduced p97 hexamer formation and ATPase activity in vivo." SIGNOR-255918 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr694 LAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254730 CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT Centrosome_separation phenotype SIGNOR-PH177 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 24035387 t miannu "C-Nap1 and rootletin have been previously reported to be the important centrosome linker components involved in centrosome cohesion." SIGNOR-273705 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "As pka suppresses the activity of gli, smo might use the stimulation of pi3k by galfai and gbetagamma subu- nits to block pka in cells that have high levels of camp." SIGNOR-152817 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT WAC protein Q9BTA9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr482 SSQPKVStPVVKQGP 9606 BTO:0000567 30021153 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) phosphorylates WAC, priming its direct interaction with the polo-box domain of Plk1. Knockdown of WAC compromises Plk1 activity and delays mitotic entry." SIGNOR-265033 "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15170386 t "Fru-2,6-P2 (fructose 2,6-bisphosphate) is a signal molecule that controls glycolysis. Since its discovery more than 20 years ago, inroads have been made towards the understanding of the structure‚Äì function relationships in PFK-2 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase)/ FBPase-2 (fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase), the homodimeric bifunctional enzyme that catalyses the synthesis and degradation of Fru-2,6-P2" SIGNOR-267265 TSPAN7 protein P41732 UNIPROT DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28223337 t miannu "Tetraspanin-7 (TSPAN7) is expressed to variable degrees in different tissues, with the highest level in the brain, and multiple mutations in TSPAN7 have been implicated in intellectual disability. Our results showed that TSPAN7 was associated with DRD2 and reduced its surface expression by enhancing DRD2 internalization.Finally, TSPAN7 negatively affects DRD2-mediated signaling." SIGNOR-265557 ARHGAP17 protein Q68EM7 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "ARHGAP17 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein of Rac1" SIGNOR-272166 PTPRE protein P23469 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 10116 15738637 t "In this study, we showed that receptor-type PTPepsilon (PTP epsilonM) dephosphorylated IR in rat primary hepatocytes and tyrosines 972, 1158, 1162 and 1163| These results suggest that PTPepsilonM is a negative regulator of IR signaling and involved in insulin-induced glucose metabolism mainly through direct dephosphorylation and inactivation of IR in hepatocytes and liver." SIGNOR-248443 POLR2C protein P19387 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266163 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT GCLC protein P48506 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22459801 f miannu "Different expression pattern of Nrf2 regulated genes in end-stage liver disease samples were observed: glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione-S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) were significantly down-regulated in most liver disease groups, whereas heme oxidase 1 (HMOX1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) were not significantly suppressed." SIGNOR-254643 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270396 BAZ1B protein Q9UIG0 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr143 ATQASQEy 9606 19092802 t gcesareni "We show that wstf phosphorylates tyr 142 of h2a.x, and that wstf activity has an important role in regulating several events that are critical for the dna damage response" SIGNOR-182831 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT RAP1B protein P61224 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds has been previously shown to activate a wide variety of small gtpases, including the ras family members rap1a, rap1b, and k-ras, as well as the rho family members cdc42, rac1, rac2, rhoa, and rhob" SIGNOR-171552 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser461 VPAGPRMsGAPGRLP 9606 BTO:0003250 20943948 t lperfetto "On the other hand, our group has shown that protein kinase A (PKA) inhibits Nox1 activity in colon epithelial cells by phosphorylating NoxA1 at two distinct sites, Ser172 and Ser461" SIGNOR-264713 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 BTO:0000567 10673501 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-75025 neratinib chemical CHEBI:61397 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 23632474 t "Neratinib (HKI-272) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, under investigation for the treatment breast cancer and other solid tumours." gcesareni "Ineratinib is a potent irreversible pan-erbb tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated antitumour activity and an acceptable safety profile in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor (her)-2-positive breast cancer and other solid tumours." SIGNOR-202015 bivalirudin chemical CHEBI:59173 ChEBI F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 1290488 t miannu "These data demonstrate that hirulog-1 is a specific inhibitor of thrombin forms with high fibrinogen-procoagulant activities and that its Arg-3-Pro-4 bond is slowly cleaved by these thrombin forms." SIGNOR-258346 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 10944526 t gcesareni "Our results provide direct evidence that myod acetylation functionally activates the protein and show that both pcaf and cbp/p300 are candidate enzymes for myod acetylation in vivo" SIGNOR-81059 ANK1 protein P16157 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266013 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG 10090 11201744 t "CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling|these results show that CD45 dephosphorylates functionally important tyrosine residues. It should be noted that, as with our phosphatase assays in vitro, Tyr 1022 and Tyr 1023 of JAK1, Tyr 1007 and Tyr 1008 of JAK2, and Tyr 1054 and Tyr 1055 of Tyk2 are indeed hyperphosphorylated in cd45-deficient cells" SIGNOR-248348 DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19279717 t areggio "Dsh through PLC activates IP3, which leads to release of intracellular Ca2+, which in turn activates CamK11 and calcineurin" SIGNOR-258979 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr331 CTPVVTCtPSCTAYT phosphorylation:Ser374;Ser362 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL;AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-263008 VAV2 protein P52735 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10618391 t tpavlidou "Oligomerization of receptor protein tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) by their cognate ligands leads to activation of the receptor.We Demonstrate that vav-2 is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to egf and associates with the egfr in vivo." SIGNOR-73874 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28980855 t "The Lys63-linked ubiquitination of HK2 catalyzed by the E3 ligase TRAF6 was critical for the subsequent recognition of HK2 by the autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62 for the process of selective autophagic degradation." SIGNOR-260003 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265438 SIRT6 protein Q8N6T7 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT up-regulates deacetylation Lys19 LAEEALPkKTGGPQG 9606 23552949 t gcesareni "Sirt6 regulates tnf-alfa secretion through hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acyl lysine" SIGNOR-201658 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7736585 t gcesareni "D-type cyclins (cyclin d1, d2, or d3) and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk4, cdk6) connect signals from cytokines to the cell cycle machinery, and they propel cells through the g1 restriction point and into the s phase when activated by cyclin d1, cdk4 is able to phosphorylate prb," SIGNOR-32301 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:18348 ChEBI 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 23000145 t scontino "Upon stimulation with various immune receptors, PLCγ2 cleaves the membrane-bound phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-biphosphate (PIP2) into the second messenger molecules inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." SIGNOR-268451 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys215 QENREKMkQKKFDKK 9606 30327428 t miannu "SIRT1 deacetylates XPA at residues K63, K67, and K215 to promote interactions with ATR" SIGNOR-258986 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr597 NTEQRNVyKDYRQLE 9534 BTO:0004055 12011079 t lperfetto "Endocytosis of ligand-activated receptors requires dynamin-mediated GTP hydrolysis, which is regulated by dynamin self-assembly. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of dynamin I by c-Src induces its self-assembly and increases its GTPase activity. Electron microscopic analyses reveal that tyrosine-phosphorylated dynamin I spontaneously self-assembles into large stacks of rings. Tyrosine 597 was identified as being phosphorylated both in vitro and in cultured cells following epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation." SIGNOR-247129 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr180 ETVVIALyDYQTNDP 9606 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (tfks) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the sh3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanismthe major phosphorylation sites were identified as conserved tyrosines, for itk y180" SIGNOR-98036 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 20626350 t lperfetto "Neverthless, some transcription factors, such as e47, er81, srf and creb are also phosphorylated by mk2." SIGNOR-166619 CYSLTR2 protein Q9NS75 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257024 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271100 Cytoplasmic_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF67 SIGNOR Organelle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH159 SIGNOR up-regulates 16440056 f lperfetto "The most abundant cytoplasmic dynein complex, cytoplasmic dynein 1, is involved in functions as diverse as spindle-pole organization and nuclear migration during mitosis, the positioning and functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and the nucleus, and also the minus-end-directed transport of vesicles, including endosomes and lysosomes, along microtubules and retrograde axonal transport in neurons." SIGNOR-265058 KCNE3 protein Q9Y6H6 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 11506885 t miannu "Kv3 currents are activated specifically during action potential repolarization. Analysis of the Kv3 subfamily of K+ channel subunits has lead to the discovery of a new class of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels characterized by positively shifted voltage dependencies and very fast deactivation rates. These properties are adaptations that allow these channels to produce currents that can specifically enable fast repolarization of action potentials without compromising spike initiation or height" SIGNOR-265589 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser200 YSGDSDAsSPRSNCS 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of myod at s200 is common to other cdks, such as the mitotic cyclin b/cdk1, which may prevent inappropriate myod accumulation during mitosis." SIGNOR-216860 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 LERKRLLsRKELELP 9606 BTO:0000007 12138205 t "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of Cot occurs exclusively on serines 400 and 413. Akt to phosphorylate Cot at two sites in the carboxy-terminal domain, at least one of which may promote binding of substrates or coactivators to Cot, or alternatively may relieve binding of a negative regulator." SIGNOR-252572 GNGT1 protein P63211 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16537363 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-145128 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr394 SGLPPPRtAMLDGNY -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). From these data we conclude that T373 is the predominant site of phosphorylation, with a low level of phosphorylation at S413 and/or S414.An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262749 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR NSMCE1 protein Q8WV22 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270994 NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "Another central component of the NMDA receptor signaling complex is the scaffold protein PSD-95 (also referred to as SAP-90). The first and second PDZ domains bind tightly to the tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor" SIGNOR-264801 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR MYOM1 protein P52179 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser618 ARLKSRPsAPWTGQI -1 9029142 t miannu "This interaction is regulated by phosphorylation of Ser482 in the linker between myomesin domains My4 and My5. Myomesin phosphorylation at this site by cAMP-dependent kinase and similar or identical activities in muscle extracts block the association with titin." SIGNOR-263156 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 ATKAARKsAPSTGGV 9606 18508628 t "Ser 27 (29) phosphorylation of H3 isinhibitory as induces transcription." gcesareni "In addition to ser10, msk was also found to phosphorylate a second site on h3, ser28 (75). It should be noted that while both ser10 and ser28 in h3 are extensively phosphorylated during mitosis, this is independent of msks and is catalysed by aurora kinases. In contrast, msks only phosphorylate a small proportion of the total cellular histone h3 in response to mitogens or stress. The spatial distribution of ser10 and ser28 phosphorylation is very tightly regulated in cells. In vitro, msk1 will phosphorylate one histone h3 molecule on both ser10 and ser28. Surprisingly it has been shown that in cells msk phosphorylates either ser10 or ser28 but not both on individual nucleosomes." SIGNOR-178708 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18394876 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of the two remaining akt-dependent sites inhibits foxo6 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-66032 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC17 protein P23527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSIYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271982 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT CD52 protein P31358 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 17343824 f miannu "We found 59 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes in the K562-SATB1 cells that were not observed in the K562 cells. Partial genes that have special biological functions are listed in Table 1." SIGNOR-255131 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000093 11154267 t lperfetto "Cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes from p16INK4a-expressing MCF-7 cells are activated in vitro and in vivo by Cdc25A" SIGNOR-245452 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265432 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9843571 t lperfetto "TGF-beta treatment initiates a kinase cascade that results in the phosphorylation of Smad3, followed by its heteromerization with Smad4 and subsequent translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-229560 RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT TNPO1 protein Q92973 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 32161167 t lperfetto "Nup358(806–1306), but not other regions, efficiently recruits importin β and transportin 1" SIGNOR-262111 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 KRRLRKNsSRDSGRG 9606 17053147 t gcesareni "Both akt and p70(s6k) phosphorylate pdcd4, allowing for binding of the e3-ubiquitin ligase beta-trcp and consequently ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-150144 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269592 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "TGF-b ligands bind to TGF-b type II receptor (TbRII), which transphosphorylates and activates TGF-b type I receptor (TbRI)." SIGNOR-255030 FBXO6 protein Q9NRD1 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19716789 t miannu " Here, we report that DNA damage not only activates Chk1, but also exposes a degron-like region at the carboxyl terminus of Chk1 to an Fbx6-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase, which mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of Chk1 and, in turn, terminates the checkpoint." SIGNOR-271879 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT NCK2 protein O43639 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12074588 t gcesareni "We identified the nck2 adaptor protein as a novel interaction partner of the active form of trkb. Additionally, we identified three tyrosines in icd-trkb (y694, y695, and y771) that are crucial for this interaction." SIGNOR-89764 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000725 21389315 f irozzo "Consequently, cell cycle and apoptosis analyses suggest that MLL-AF4 conveys a selective proliferation coupled to a survival advantage, which correlates with changes in the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, sensing DNA damage and DNA repair." SIGNOR-256650 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1443 DKMKKSKsVKEDSNL 9606 15695813 t gcesareni "Using a mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that egf induces phosphorylation of iqgap1 ser(1443), a residue known to be phosphorylated by pkcthe nonphosphorylatable iqgap1 s1441a/s1443a had no effect. In contrast, the s1441e/s1443d mutation markedly enhanced the ability of iqgap1 to induce neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-133865 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 VSRVPYPsPTCVKSE 9606 BTO:0001130 18511414 t gcesareni "Map kinase-dependent phosphorylation at ar ser-515 was supported by the decrease in intensity of the slower migrating 23-kda band after treatment with both egf and increasing concentrations of the map kinase inhibitor, u0126" SIGNOR-178718 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT ST3GAL1 protein Q11201 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22547830 f "We provide evidence that ST3GAL1/3/4 and FUT3 are transcriptionally up-regulated by c-Myc with probable involvement of Ser62 phosphorylation, and that FUT2 is transcriptionally down-regulated through the attenuation of CDX2." SIGNOR-253961 MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT MAD1L1 protein Q9Y6D9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7954804 t 2 miannu "the role MAX plays in transcription is thought to be primarily as a cofactor for DNA binding. In this capacity, however, it appears to be essential for most, if not all, the known biological activities of MYC. MAX also functions as a cofactor for DNA binding for a group of bHLHZip proteins related to MYC, including MNT, MXD1-4 (formerly Mad1, Mxi1, Mad3 and Mad4), and MGA. Like MYC, these proteins do not homodimerize and appear to be incapable of binding DNA on their own, but when bound to MAX, they recognize E-box sequences." SIGNOR-240357 AIRE protein O43918 UNIPROT ICA1 protein Q05084 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 22447927 t lperfetto "Sequence variation in promoter of Ica1 gene, which encodes protein implicated in type 1 diabetes, causes transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) to increase its binding and down-regulate expression." SIGNOR-268973 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr487 DNSSDSDyDLHGAQR 9606 BTO:0000782 11298344 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of cd5 requires lck activity. We propose that t cell activation mediates cd5 tyrosine phosphorylation at residues y429 and y463 mainly through the activation of lck" SIGNOR-106803 GRIP1 protein Q9Y3R0 UNIPROT KIF5C protein O60282 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 31757889 t miannu "HAP1 and GRIP1 are kinesin-1 adaptors that have been implicated individually in the transport of vesicular cargoes in the dendrites of neurons. We find that HAP1a and GRIP1 form a protein complex in the brain, and co-operate to activate the kinesin-1 subunit KIF5C in vitro" SIGNOR-264061 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000199 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253417 P2RY6 protein Q15077 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256947 SMOC1 protein Q9H4F8 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20359165 f lperfetto "The expression of several osteoblast differentiation markers (ALP, COL1, OPN, ON, BSP and OC) was higher in SMOC1-overexpressing cells than in emptyvector-expressing cells" SIGNOR-260400 RPL8 protein P62917 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262453 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser664 QLPYYYLsPDRIPNS 9606 BTO:0000567 12670876 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, a significant difference in the potency of nonredox-type inhibitors (but not of BWA4C) was determined between wild-type 5-LO and the mutant S271A/S663A-5-LO (lacking phosphorylation sites for ERK1/2 and MAPKAPK-2) in HeLa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that compared with Ca2+-mediated 5-LO product formation, enzyme activation involving 5-LO phosphorylation events specifically and strongly alters the susceptibility of 5-LO toward nonredox-type inhibitors in intact cells." SIGNOR-264440 IL2 protein P60568 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16477002 t miannu "Il-2 is a cytokine that functions as a growth factor and central regulator in the immune system and mediates its effects through ligand-induced hetero-trimerization of the receptor subunits il-2r alpha, il-2r beta, and gamma(c)." SIGNOR-144540 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9534 11445557 t lperfetto "Regulation of Akt/PKB Activation by Tyrosine PhosphorylationAs shown in Fig. 2 d, while mutation of Tyr340 has little effect on either tyrosine phosphorylation or kinase activity of Akt induced by Src527F, substitution of Tyr315 or Tyr326 with a phenylalanine, respectively, dramatically reduces both the tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activity of Akt. The combination of these two mutations abolishes Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt as well as its kinase activity." SIGNOR-252620 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256941 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NSFL1C protein Q9UNZ2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser140 AVERVTKsPGETSKP 9606 12810701 t lperfetto "Now, we have found that p47, which mainly localizes to the nucleus during interphase, is phosphorylated on serine-140 by cdc2 at mitosis. The phosphorylated p47 does not bind to golgi membranes." SIGNOR-102350 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 16371247 f "The activation of Cot-MKK1-ERK1/ERK2 signalling pathway by IL-1 is dependent on the activity of the transducer protein TRAF6." SIGNOR-252254 SNTB1 protein Q13884 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding BTO:0001103 29681515 t apalma "Basal localization of the p38γ/p-Carm1 complex in muscle stem cells occurs via binding to the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) through β1-syntrophin. In dystrophin-deficient muscle stem cells undergoing asymmetric division, p38γ/β1-syntrophin interactions are abrogated" SIGNOR-255979 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 BTO:0000142 1411546 t gcesareni "The primary structure of mek, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the erk gene product" SIGNOR-19244 GDF6 protein Q6KF10 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 16049014 t lperfetto "We found that transfection of small hairpin rna for bmprii and actriia in mc3t3 cells suppressed the signaling of gdf6, gdf7, and bmp10. Thus, the present approach provides a genomic paradigm for matching paralogous polypeptide ligands with a limited number of evolutionarily related receptors capable of activating specific downstream smad proteins." SIGNOR-217526 CNOT11 protein Q9UKZ1 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268308 RNF185 protein Q96GF1 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001957 24727453 t miannu "The E3 ligase RNF185 negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation by targeting Dvl2 for degradation. Overexpression of RNF185 decreases the exogenous and endogenous level of Dvl2, promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of Dvl2" SIGNOR-272173 FOXF2 protein Q12947 UNIPROT IRF2BPL protein Q9H1B7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000498 29374064 t miannu "FOXF2 directly bound the promoter of E3 ligase interferon regulatory factor 2-binding protein-like (IRF2BPL) and induced its transcriptional expression. IRF2BPL in turn interacted with β-catenin, increasing its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-267152 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257923 VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18508258 f miannu "Here we review recent findings into Ena/VASP function in neurite initiation, axon outgrowth and guidance." SIGNOR-268390 "tofacitinib citrate" chemical CHEBI:71197 ChEBI JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207311 UCHL5 protein Q9Y5K5 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270852 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15546612 t gcesareni "Mastermind recruits cycc:cdk8 to phosphorylate the notch icd and coordinate activation with turnover" SIGNOR-130715 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser200 YSGDSDAsSPRSNCS 9606 SIGNOR-C16 21902831 t gcesareni "Cyclin e/cdk2 can phosphorylate myod at serine 200, which causes ubiquitination and degradation of this transcription factor during g1, preventing its accumulation and a commitment to differentiation." SIGNOR-176509 TRIM28 protein Q13263 UNIPROT Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17900823 f "inferred from family member" miannu "We previously reported that ZNF224, a novel Kr√ºppel-associated box-containing zinc-finger protein, represses aldolase A gene transcription by interacting with the KAP-1 co-repressor." SIGNOR-270228 RAB3C protein Q96E17 UNIPROT Dense-core_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH184 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31679900 f miannu "Here, we identify the SEC4 ortholog RAB3 and its neuronal effector, RIM1, as essential molecules for neuropeptide and neurotrophin release from dense-core vesicles (DCVs) in mammalian neurons. " SIGNOR-264376 diazepam chemical CHEBI:49575 ChEBI "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The traditional BZ site agonists (GABA-enhancing CNS depressants such as diazepam) are active on the GABAA-Rs containing a gamma2 subunit (Pritchett et al., 1989), a beta subunit, and one of the alpha subunits, alpha1, 2, 3, or 5." SIGNOR-263798 MTR protein Q99707 UNIPROT (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18608 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10520212 t lperfetto "Methionine synthase is a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme that catalyses the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Therefore, defects in this enzyme may result in elevated homocysteine levels." SIGNOR-253144 LRFN4 protein Q6PJG9 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 f miannu "This study finds that all SALMs (SALMs 1–5) possess the abilityto promote neurite outgrowth and branching, as demonstrated byoverexpression and knockdown experiments." SIGNOR-264097 PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT Cell_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH38 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18650496 f "VEGF pathway" Gianni "Through the interactions of its multiple protein-protein binding modules, many of which are regulated by phosphorylation, paxillin serves as a platform for the recruitment of numerous regulatory and structural proteins that together control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression that are necessary for cell migration and survival." SIGNOR-261944 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22493066 t gcesareni "Nicd regulates pax7 through interaction with rbp-j, which binds to two consensus sites upstream of the pax7 gene." SIGNOR-196948 Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 31226023 f miannu "Besides being activated like PERK via dissociation of GRP78, IRE1 is also activated by direct binding of the unfolded protein to its N-terminal luminal domain" SIGNOR-260175 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr891 NSETSSDtPEMSLSA 10090 BTO:0000944 11581251 t lperfetto "Thus, activation of the ERK pathway appears to be able to regulate adipocyte lipolysis by phosphorylating HSL on Ser(600) and increasing the activity of HSL." SIGNOR-249470 DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT dihydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57451 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21876184 t lperfetto "Human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was previously thought to be the only enzyme capable of the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate; an essential reaction necessary to ensure a continuous supply of biologically active folate." SIGNOR-268257 ibuprofen chemical CHEBI:5855 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9057869 t miannu "Naproxen had similar activity against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (IC50s of 3.2 and 2.5 μM, respectively), whereas ibuprofen was approximately 100-fold more potent for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.1 μM) than for COX-1 (IC50 = 11 μM), and indomethacin was about 50-fold more potent for COX-1 (IC50 = 0.012 μM) than for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.56 μM)." SIGNOR-258604 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr240 RREDKFMyFEFPQPL 9606 BTO:0000527 22891331 t llicata "Fgfrs phosphorylate pten at tyrosine 240" SIGNOR-191797 PIM3 protein Q86V86 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t lperfetto "All three Pim kinase family members predominantly phosphorylate Bad on Ser112 and in addition are capable of phosphorylating Bad on multiple sites associated with the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic function of Bad in HEK-293 cells. This would be consistent with the proposed function of Pim kinases in promoting cell proliferation and preventing cell death." SIGNOR-249605 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28520219 f miannu "The transforming growth factor-β pathway is the major driver of fibrotic response. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a crucial downstream target of this pathway. Transforming growth factor-β positively regulates PAI-1 gene expression via two main pathways including Smad-mediated canonical and non-canonical pathways." SIGNOR-260590 SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT MEST protein Q5EB52 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 26893351 f "We found that SOX6 regulates adipogenesis in vertebrate species by activating adipogenic regulators including PPARγ, C/EBPα and MEST." SIGNOR-255823 CLTA protein P09496 UNIPROT "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260678 GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21659604 t gcesareni "Grb10 negatively regulates growth factor signaling. It binds the insulinand insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) receptors, and mice without grb10 are larger and exhibit enhanced insulin sensitivity" SIGNOR-174062 CHD2 protein O14647 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 26895424 f miannu "We show in mouse cells that the cNHEJ-dependent fusion of chromosomes containing uncapped telomeres requires the activity of CHD2. Together, these findings argue that the chromatin response mediated by CHD2 is triggered by the presence of DSBs and promotes repair of these lesions by the canonical KU-dependent NHEJ pathway." SIGNOR-264529 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr220 QSNYIPEtPPPGYIS 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248309 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT ELK4 protein P28324 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9130707 t gcesareni "In contrast, the tcf sap-1a is efficiently phosphorylated by p38 map kinase in vitro and in vivo on the homologous residues ser381 and ser387" SIGNOR-47771 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser539 SLFNVSPsCSSFNSP 10090 BTO:0001103 17609368 t gcesareni "AMPK phosphorylates PGC-1alpha directly both in vitro and in cells. These direct phosphorylations of the PGC-1alpha protein at threonine-177 and serine-538 are required for the PGC-1alpha-dependent induction of the PGC-1alpha promoter" SIGNOR-228646 EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr57 RAGETRFtDTRKDEQ 9606 8386634 t gcesareni "The eef-2 kinase could phosphorylate a synthetic peptide based on residues 49-60 of eef-2 (ragetrftdtrk), albeit only at a very low rate, and with a very high km, compared to eef-2 itself." SIGNOR-38552 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MCM3AP protein O60318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser508 FWHRKKIsPNKKPFS 10090 BTO:0000776 11526238 t miannu "To study the inducible regulation of GANP DNA-primase during cell activation, we examined phosphorylation induced by various kinds of kinases.We observed that the cell cycle-associated kinase Cdks induced phosphorylation of GANP in vitro. Examination of immunoprecipitates of Cdk2 from B cells revealed phosphorylation of GANP-PD at a consensus sequence of Cdk phosphorylation at Ser502 (S/T-P-X-K/R) (Fig. ​(Fig.1C1C Left; ref. 22)." SIGNOR-262734 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr425 KKCLELFtELAEDKE 9606 24117238 t lperfetto "Threonine residue set, thr(115)/thr(425)/thr(603), of hsp90_ is specifically phosphorylated by pkc_, and, more interestingly, this threonine residue set serves as a 'phosphorylation switch' for hsp90_ binding or release of pkc_. Moreover, phosphorylation of hsp90_ by pkc_ decreases the binding affinity of hsp90_ towards atp and co-chaperones such as cdc37 (cell-division cycle 37), thereby decreasing its chaperone activity." SIGNOR-202816 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16794003 t gcesareni "The evidence suggests that s1p acting on s1p receptors coupled to gq" SIGNOR-147227 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001073 11081181 t lperfetto "Transcriptional activation of the proopiomelanocortin gene by cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein|Further, expression of a dominant inhibitory mutant of CREB reduced cAMP stimulated transcription of the full length POMC promoter and the PTRE." SIGNOR-268620 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 14585074 t lperfetto "Active caspase-3 itself is able to process its upstream , caspase-8 and caspase-9, establishing a self-amplifying loop of caspase activation" SIGNOR-90397 IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11418623 t gcesareni "The common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) is an indispensable subunit of the functional receptor complexes for il-4, il-7, il-9, and il-15 as well as il-2. Here we show that the gamma(c) is also shared with the il-21r complex" SIGNOR-108861 TPX2 protein Q9ULW0 UNIPROT KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 26018074 t lperfetto "Dimeric, but not monomeric, Eg5 was differentially inhibited by full-length and truncated TPX2, demonstrating that dimerization or residues in the neck region are important for the interaction of TPX2 with Eg5. " SIGNOR-265097 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr278 LARRRKAtQVGEKTP 9606 BTO:0000551 21423205 t lperfetto "Rsk1 phosphorylated vasp on t278, a site regulating its binding to actin." SIGNOR-252802 UBE2J1 protein Q9Y385 UNIPROT DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys237 VCIVQRQkIAYLGGK 9606 BTO:0001379 29892818 t scontino "ER residency places D2 physically close to an array of proteins that interact and modify the D2 molecule via ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasomal system, explaining its relatively short half-life. Both ubiquitin conjugases UBC6 and or UBC7 interact with D2 and support D2 ubiquitination. Two Lys residues in D2 are involved in this process, K237 and K244." SIGNOR-267481 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser96 TSLSDEDsGKGSQPP 9606 20305697 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-164637 RAD51C protein O43502 UNIPROT XRCC3 protein O43542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23438602 f lperfetto "It is likely that the recruitment of RAD51C to the sites of DNA lesions can promote XRCC3 phosphorylation and activate the DNA damage response pathway(s) in the S and G2 phases. " SIGNOR-263260 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT PPP1R15A protein O75807 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14718519 t lpetrilli "We found smad7 interacts with growth arrest and dna damage protein, gadd34, a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) holoenzyme, which subsequently recruits catalytic subunit of pp1 (pp1c) to dephosphorylate t?RI." SIGNOR-121280 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT ICAM2 protein P13598 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10574717 f miannu "The Ets family member Erg was found to be constitutively expressed in HUVEC, and TNF-(alpha) down-regulated Erg protein levels. Furthermore, an Erg cDNA transactivated the ICAM-2 promoter when transiently transfected into both HeLa cells and HUVEC." SIGNOR-253913 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18348712 t gcesareni "As reduction of pi3k activity by cd148 or shp-1 [32] is not large (2540%), it is likely that these ptps may function as modulators of the pi3k pathway rather than suppressors." SIGNOR-252727 RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT SLCO1B3 protein Q9NPD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 15322262 t lperfetto "Taken together, these findings suggest that the LPS-induced down-regulation of Oatp4 is likely due to reduction in the binding of HNF1alpha, C/EBP, HNF3, and RXR:RAR to the Oatp4 promoter." SIGNOR-268989 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18762022 f "These data suggest that the GR recruits cellular HDAC activities to the Hes1 promoter, thereby conferring transcriptional repression in response to GC signaling." SIGNOR-253054 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10469655 t lperfetto "All residues of p105 phosphorylated by ikka are c-terminal; the major phosphorylation region contains three serines (ser923; ser927;ser932) and two threonines (thr927 and thr391)." SIGNOR-217397 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF114 protein Q9Y508 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271076 GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001516 23246379 t "Grb10 transduces signal from FLT3 by direct interaction with p85 and Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD cells expressing Grb10 exhibits higher STAT5 activation" SIGNOR-255946 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000586 9734785 t lperfetto "Axin, an inhibitor of the wnt pathway, interacts with beta-catenin, gsk-3beta and apc and reduces the beta-catenin level." SIGNOR-227299 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr472 EPIQEANyVPMTPGT 9606 BTO:0000527;BTO:0000017 9890893 t lperfetto "Gab-1 is a multisubstrate docking protein downstream in the signaling pathways of different receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)the entire protein was phosphorylated by regfr at eight tyrosine residues (y285, y373, y406, y447, y472, y619, y657, and y689)." SIGNOR-236412 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "However, other kinases, such as cdk5, p38 and pka, also phosphorylate tau at t231tau phosphorylation at t231, s235 and s262 also contributes to the dissociation of tau from microtubules" SIGNOR-251601 TCL1A protein P56279 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10983986 t miannu "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-81683 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "We demonstrated that erk1/2 phosphorylate kibra at ser(548) in cells as well as in vitro." SIGNOR-270121 CLASP1 protein Q7Z460 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15631994 t lperfetto "CLIP-associating protein (CLASP) 1 and CLASP2 are mammalian microtubule (MT) plus-end binding proteins, which associate with CLIP-170 and CLIP-115.|We demonstrate that the middle part of CLASPs binds directly to EB1 and to MTs. | Both EB1- and cortex-binding domains of CLASP are required to promote MT stability." SIGNOR-265091 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR HECTD3 protein Q5T447 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr157 ARLVPIDtPNHLQRQ 9606 BTO:0004461 28716524 t miannu "HECTD3 binds and ubiquitinates caspase-9.Phosphorylation of HECTD3 by ERK is required for the association of HECTD3 and caspase-9. HECTD3 suppressing caspase-9 activation is dependent on T157 phosphorylation by ERK." SIGNOR-272330 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser988 PPLFPIKsFVKTKCK 9606 BTO:0000150 14701743 t gcesareni "In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the brca1-mediated regulation of recombination requires the chk2- and atm-dependent phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-120575 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15574429 f "Expression of FLT3/ITD induces down-regulation of SHP-1 expression and activity" SIGNOR-261532 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC6 protein Q93077 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265400 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "BHC complex" complex SIGNOR-C353 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0000007" 15325272 t miannu "BRAF–HDAC complex (BHC) consisting of six subunit proteins, BRAF35, BHC80, BHC110, HDAC1, HDAC2, and CoREST, has been purified from HeLa and HEK293 cells" SIGNOR-264499 GMPS protein P49915 UNIPROT "5'-xanthylic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15652 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 6698284 t miannu "The de novo synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) involves the oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) followed by amination to GMP. This latter reaction is catalyzed by GMP synthetase. (XMP: I.-glutamine amidoligase (AMP) EC 6.3.5.2)." SIGNOR-267337 MAP4K4 protein O95819 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10807933 t gcesareni "The existence of an at least trimolecular complex consisting of nik, tak1, and ikk2, although the precise sequence of activation as well as the possible location of the kinases within the signalosome remains to be elucidated." SIGNOR-77404 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7535778 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation has been shown to increase the enzymatic activity of plc-? / we show that the human pdgf ?- And ?-Receptors differ quantitatively in their abilities to associate with and phosphorylate plc-? And to stimulate inositol phosphate production." SIGNOR-28176 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR TUBA1B protein P68363 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 t miannu "Elongator Subunits Interact with the Microtubules and Are Required for Proper Acetylation of α-Tubulin." SIGNOR-269719 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser726 DTSPRHLsNVSSTGS -1 12435421 t miannu "Ser214, Ser262, Ser356, and Ser409 of tau441‚ were phosphorylated by PKA. tau in PHF is abnormally hyperphosphorylated and lacks its normal activity to bind to microtubules and to stimulate their assembly" SIGNOR-250009 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1035 IETDKEYyTVKDDRD -1 12559972 t "Phosphorylation by recombinant JAK3 of a peptide substrate corresponding to the JAK1 activation loop (KAIETDKEYYTVKD)" SIGNOR-251364 FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT Fibrinogen complex SIGNOR-C311 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25427968 t lperfetto "Fibrinogen is a plasma glycoprotein mainly synthesised by hepatocytes and circulating as a 340-kDa hexamer consisting of two sets of three different polypeptide chains (Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma, encoded by the FGA, FGB, and FGG gene, respectively)." SIGNOR-263393 "Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037321 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 28158275 f miannu "Here we show that the coronavirus endonuclease (EndoU) activity is key to prevent early induction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) host cell responses. Replication of EndoU-deficient coronaviruses is greatly attenuated in vivo and severely restricted in primary cells even during the early phase of the infection. Collectively our results demonstrate that the coronavirus EndoU efficiently prevents simultaneous activation of host cell dsRNA sensors, such as Mda5, OAS and PKR. It is thus tempting to propose that viral dsRNA represents the natural substrate of the coronavirus EndoU. However, it remains to be determined which kind of viral dsRNA is cleaved by the EndoU or triggers Mda5, OAS, and PKR activation." SIGNOR-260348 RAMAC protein Q9BTL3 UNIPROT RNMT protein O43148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27422871 t lperfetto "Maturation and translation of mRNA in eukaryotes requires the addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap. In vertebrates, the cap methyltransferase, RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT), has an activating subunit, RNMT-Activating Miniprotein (RAM). Here we report the first crystal structure of the human RNMT in complex with the activation domain of RAM." SIGNOR-268344 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 8893010 t ggiuliani "Conversely, Smad1 and DPC4 formed a complex when the cells were stimulated with BMP4 but not with activin of TGF-beta." SIGNOR-255778 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser656 RAEFLNKsVQKSSGV 9606 2170388 t gcesareni "Smooth muscle caldesmon was phosphorylated by smooth muscle calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Ii" SIGNOR-22635 CYP1B1 protein Q16678 UNIPROT 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:62845 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000093 8790407 t Luana "These studies demonstrate that human P450 1B1 is a catalytically efficient E2 4-hydroxylase that is likely to participate in endocrine regulation and the toxicity of estrogens." SIGNOR-269754 P2RY6 protein Q15077 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257189 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000848 18246127 t lperfetto "To understand the mechanisms underlying B-RAF effects on cell survival we initially analysed the Bcl-2 family protein, Bad, that is phosphorylated by RSK1 at the inhibitory serine-75 residue in a MEK-dependent manner in melanoma cells" SIGNOR-160635 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser304 LSPAFDHsPNKIMTE 9606 15030318 t llicata "Our studies identify ser-304 as a major phosphorylation site in human tcptp, and the tc45 variant as a novel mitotic cdk substrate." SIGNOR-123471 CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKGR 9606 BTO:0001938 10913154 t lperfetto "Cyclin B-Cdc2 complexes are maintained in an inactive state until the end of G2 by phosphorylation of the Thr14/Tyr15 residues. Around the time of nuclear translocation of the complex, these residues are dephosphorylated, resulting in the formation of an active cyclin B-Cdc2 complex (2). As mentioned, this dephosphorylation occurs by a Cdc25 protein phosphatase. Three Cdc25 family members have been identified to date, A, B and C, the last one being the active one at the onset of mitosis. The activity of Cdc25C itself can be enhanced through phosphorylation by cyclin B-Cdc2 (9, 10). Therefore, activation of cyclin B-Cdc2 has been proposed to result in an autocatalytic feedback loop to ensure rapid activation of these complexes at the G2/M transition" SIGNOR-255037 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189981 EPO protein P01588 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000574 9168989 f Regulation miannu "We describe the roles of Stat5 and of these tyrosine residues in the EPOR in the erythroid differentiation of murine hematopoietic cell line SKT6 which produces hemoglobin in response to EPO. Chimeric receptors carrying the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor and the intracellular domain of the EPOR were introduced into SKT6 cells. Like EPO, EGF equally activated Stat5 and induced hemoglobin." SIGNOR-251783 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 16293724 f gcesareni "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein) coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin. This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3b from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of b-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-141655 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10980595 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "We have generated two monoclonal antibodies that recognize two phosphorylated sites, p-ser227 and p-thr577, in the n- and c-terminal kinase domains of rsk2, respectively. phosphorylation and activation of rsk2 by uv light involves the erk pathway" SIGNOR-270014 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr35 LLKHAEAtLGSGNLR 9606 23431053 t milica "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-201286 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SUPT5H protein O00267 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr799 PLQDGSRtPHYGSQT 9606 16427012 t lperfetto "We describe an evolutionarily conserved repetitive heptapeptide motif (consensus = g-s-r/q-t-p) in the c-terminal region (ctr) of hspt5, which, like the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rna pol ii, is highly phosphorylated by p-tefb. Thr-4 residues of the ctr repeats are functionally important phosphorylation sites. In vitro, thr-4 phosphorylation is critical for the elongation activation activity of dsif" SIGNOR-143935 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21536859 f miannu "We further demonstrate that ERG expression in primary human T-ALL cells is mediated by the binding of other T-cell oncogenes SCL/TAL1, LMO2, and LYL1 in concert with ERG, FLI1, and GATA3 to the ERG +85 enhancer." SIGNOR-253920 tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:27897 ChEBI Trp-tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29159 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA. Alternative splicing produces two forms of hTrpRS in human cells: full-length hTrpRS (residues 1-471) and mini-hTrpRS (residues 48-471)" SIGNOR-270516 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000132 21592956 t lperfetto "Protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) is a Ser/Thr kinase involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism and is activated by dual phosphorylation on Thr(308) in the activation loop and Ser(473) in the hydrophobic motif. It plays a contributory role to platelet function, although little is known about its regulation. In this study, we investigated the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)-2 in Akt regulation using the recently identified small molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors PP242 and Torin1." SIGNOR-217012 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1067 GDVEGSQsQDEGEGS 9606 18442975 t gcesareni "Our data provide evidence that phosphorylation of a core cohesin subunit smc3 by atm plays an important role in dna damage response and suggest that a constitutive phosphorylation by ck2 may affect intra-s phase checkpoint by modulating smc3 phosphorylation by atm." SIGNOR-178483 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser733 TVREQDQsFTALDWS 9606 18957422 t lperfetto "Plk1 phosphorylates serines 733, 740, and 750 in the gammabd of ikkbeta in vitro. Phosphorylating gammabd with plk1 decreased its affinity for ikkgamma" SIGNOR-181798 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 SSVSSSPsPPFGHSA 9606 BTO:0000782 12151396 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro. Erk catalyzes the phosphorylation more efficiently than jnk" SIGNOR-91059 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14981546 f "Induction of Foxo3a phosphorylation by FLT3-ITD receptors in Ba/F3 cells correlates with the suppression of Foxo-target genes p27Kip1 and the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim" SIGNOR-261527 PRKAB1 protein Q9Y478 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR-C3 21460634 t gcesareni "Ampk in turn inactivates mtorc1 directly by phosphorylating raptor and indirectly by phosphorylating tsc2." SIGNOR-173041 CFD protein P00746 UNIPROT CFB protein P00751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg259 GPGEQQKrKIVLDPS 9606 BTO:0000089 26489954 t lperfetto "The resulting proconvertase C3bB is subsequently cleaved by factor D (FD), generating the AP C3 convertase C3bBb" SIGNOR-263487 Amyloid_fibril_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH59 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 15621017 f "It has been reported that Aβ can result in an increase in intracellular Ca2+, which in turn can activates CaMK." SIGNOR-255481 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser389 INKKQATsPASKKPA 9606 11698641 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ubf at serine 388 is required for interaction with rna polymerase i and activation of rdna transcription. After g(1) progression ubf is phosphorylated at serine 388 by cdk2/cyclin e and cdk2/cyclin a. Conversion of serine 388 to glycine abolishes ubf activity" SIGNOR-217304 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPVVKRL 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-91746 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT ZRANB1 protein Q9UGI0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr35 RAQRPSGtIITEDPF 9606 BTO:0000007 30686098 t miannu "Interestingly, ZRANB1 is phosphorylated at Thr35, and Ser209 residues by CSNK1A1, and this phosphorylation activates its deubiquitinating activity." SIGNOR-273620 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NDRG1 protein Q92597 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr346 GTRSRSHtSEGTRSR 9606 18787837 t llicata "Transient expression of active (sgk1-s422d) and inactive (sgk1-k127a) sgk1 mutants confirmed that activating sgk1 stimulates ndrg1-thr(346/356/366) phosphorylation. dexamethasone (0.2 mum) acutely activated sgk1 and the peak of this response (2-3 h) coincided with the induction of g (na), and both responses were pi3k-dependent. While these data suggest that sgk1 might mediate the rise in g (na), transient expression of the inactive sgk1-k127a mutant did not affect the hormonal induction of g (na) but did suppress the activation of sgk1." SIGNOR-180821 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr718 KEDLPVItIDPASPQ 9606 11604491 t llicata "Trophic factor withdrawal: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activates nhe1, which induces intracellular alkalinization. activated p38 mapk directly phosphorylated the c terminus of nhe1 within a 40-amino-acid region. Analysis by mass spectroscopy identified four phosphorylation sites on nhe1, thr 717, ser 722, ser 725, and ser 728." SIGNOR-111051 NELFE protein P18615 UNIPROT NELF complex SIGNOR-C521 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18628398 t miannu "The Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) is a transcription regulatory complex that induces stalling of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early transcription elongation and represses expression of several genes studied to date, including Drosophila Hsp70, mammalian proto-oncogene junB, and HIV RNA. It is composed of four subunits, NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/D, and NELF-E." SIGNOR-271400 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT YWHAB protein P31946 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser132 GDYFRYLsEVASGDN 9606 16024783 t gcesareni "We provide a mechanism for these observations through the phosphorylation of 14-3-3beta by ikkbeta and pkcdelta on serine residues ser132 and ser60, respectively, which interferes with its binding to ttp and hence the retention of ttp in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-138608 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG 9606 19667122 t lperfetto "Specifically, we provide evidence that jnk binds to e-cadherin/beta-catenin complex and phosphorylates beta-catenin at serine 37 and threonine 41, the sites also phosphorylated by gsk-3beta." SIGNOR-187582 PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT KLK4 protein Q9Y5K2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001248 19147544 f miannu "we have shown that K4.pPRE interacts directly with the PR to up-regulate KLK4 gene expression in T47D cells." SIGNOR-254913 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT PDCD10 protein Q9BUL8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 17657516 t "In addition, our yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that CCM3 also binds to the 270-kDa nonreceptor protein tyrosine phos- phatase FAP-1 in a region predicted to contain the C- terminal phosphatase domain [23]. We have shown that this catalytic domain is capable to dephosphorylate CCM3. By dephosphorylation, FAP-1 might therefore negatively reg- ulate CCM3 activity and downstream signaling." SIGNOR-248714 quizartinib chemical CHEBI:90217 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19754199 t "Compound 7 (AC220) (quizartinib) was identified from this series to be the most potent and selective FLT3 inhibitor with good pharmaceutical properties, excellent PK profile, and superior efficacy and tolerability in tumor xenograft models." SIGNOR-255666 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 t miannu "γ‐secretase‐mediated intra‐membrane cleavage of DSCAM receptors results in the release of the DSCAM ICD, which is likely proceeded by shedding of the DSCAM ectodomain. Interaction of IPO5 with the NLS of DSCAM then leads to importin‐mediated nuclear import of the DSCAM ICD. In the nucleus, the DSCAM ICD may regulate the transcription of genes involved in neuronal development and function, thereby regulating processes such as neurite outgrowth, branching, and repulsion, as well as synapse formation, axon guidance, and neuronal cell death and survival." SIGNOR-264271 EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12400011 t gcesareni "We also show that the interaction of epha2 with grb2 is indirect and mediated by shc and that this complex is necessary for epha2-mediated activation of erk kinases." SIGNOR-94804 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADAP1 protein O75689 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr276 GFRKRWFtMDDRRLM -1 12893243 t lperfetto "The sites of phosphorylation by PKCalpha on centaurin-alpha1‚ were identified as S87 (peptide ARFEK) and T276 (peptide WFMDDRR) (‚ Fig. 5)." SIGNOR-249225 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Musk has an extracellular region with homology to the frizzled crd,binding of which by wnt11 stimulates a pcp-like pathway during neuromuscolar development. Here, we show that in vivo, wnt11r and wnt4a initiate musk translocation from muscle membranes to recycling endosomes we provide evidence that wnt9a and wnt11 bind directly to the extracellular domain of musk, to induce musk dimerization and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of the kinase" SIGNOR-199641 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PPP1R14B protein Q96C90 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr57 VRRQGKVtVKYDRKE 10606530 t lperfetto "Recombinant tagged PHI-1 was phosphorylated by protein kinase C at two sites, one a Ser and one a Thr; phosphorylation enhanced inhibitory potency 50-fold." SIGNOR-265739 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT FAM83G protein A6ND36 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser614 RRPSVASsVSEEYFE -1 24554596 t lperfetto "These results indicate that ALK3 phosphorylates PAWS1 predominantly at Ser610 but can also phosphorylate at Ser614 and Ser616 in vitro. |Here, we report the discovery and characterization of PAWS1/FAM83G as a novel SMAD1 interactor. PAWS1 forms a complex with SMAD1 in a SMAD4-independent manner, and BMP signalling induces the phosphorylation of PAWS1 through BMPR1A. The phosphorylation of PAWS1 in response to BMP is essential for activation of the SMAD4-independent BMP target genes NEDD9 and ASNS. Our findings identify PAWS1 as the first non-SMAD substrate for type I BMP receptor kinases and as a novel player in the BMP pathway." SIGNOR-264766 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254845 DDC protein P20711 UNIPROT tyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:15760 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Under specific conditions, dopamine can also be synthesized by a minor pathway, in which L-tyrosine is converted into p-tyramine (mediated by AADC), with subsequent hydroxylation to dopamine by the enzyme CYP2D6 (Cytochrome P450 2D6) which is found in the substantia nigra of human brain¬†" SIGNOR-263994 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 15537544 t lperfetto "Here we report that HDAC4, which is expressed in prehypertrophic chondrocytes, regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone formation by interacting with and inhibiting the activity of Runx2, a transcription factor necessary for chondrocyte hypertrophy.PDPK1" SIGNOR-226680 TAK-901 chemical CID:16124208 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207191 NRG2 protein O14511 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 7514177 t gcesareni "Direct interaction between heregulin and the two proteins was demonstrated by chemical cross-linking experiments using 125i-heregulin followed by immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for erbb2 or erbb3.The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4" SIGNOR-26881 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002423 21489980 f miannu "Silencing of PARP1 resulted in a strong down-regulation of TM expression in Met-5A cells, while restoring TM expression in H28 cells." SIGNOR-254892 NIN protein Q8N4C6 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 25332239 t miannu "We showed that jak2 directly phosphorylates the n-terminus ofnineinwhile the c-terminus ofnineininhibits jak2 kinase activity in vitro." SIGNOR-205581 SNRPE protein P62304 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270630 CCNC protein P24863 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15546612 f gcesareni "Cycc:cdk8 and cyct1:cdk9/p-tefb are recruited with notch and associated coactivators (mam, skip) to the hes1 promoter in signaling cells." SIGNOR-130589 KCNB2 protein Q92953 UNIPROT VAPB protein O95292 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 29941597 t lperfetto "Confirmation that Kv2.1 and -2.2 bind VAPA and VAPB employed colocalization/redistribution, siRNA knockdown, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assays.|As Kv2.1 accumulates on the surface it begins to bind ER VAPs and form the large and stable membrane junctions." SIGNOR-262123 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 GGRERLAsTNDKGSM 9606 11108261 t lperfetto "Studies using mutants of er-alpha demonstrated that akt increased estrogen receptor activity through the amino-terminal activation function-1 (af-1). Serines s104 s106, s118, and s167 appear to play a role in the activation of er-alpha by akt." SIGNOR-244251 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SPHK2 protein Q9NRA0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 17311928 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "Sphingosine kinase type 2 activation by erk-mediated phosphorylation. site-directed mutagenesis indicated that hsphk2 is phosphorylated on ser-351 and thr-578 by erk1" SIGNOR-270154 OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT Protein_aggregates phenotype SIGNOR-PH142 SIGNOR up-regulates 27181519 f lperfetto "Optineurin and TBK1 have also been discovered co-localizing in protein aggregates, and the phosphorylation of optineurin at serine 177 has been shown to be critical to its function in mediating clearance of aggregated proteins via autophagy" SIGNOR-262275 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19956691 t Regulation miannu "We identified two mutations (N445K,T) in patients with multiple synostosis syndrome (SYM1) in the BMP–related ligand GDF5. Residue N445, situated within overlapping receptor and antagonist interfaces, is highly conserved among the BMP family with the exception of BMP9 and BMP10, in which it is substituted with lysine. Like the mutant GDF5, both BMPs are insensitive to NOGGIN and show a high chondrogenic activity." SIGNOR-251865 3-(4-quinolinylmethylamino)-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91433 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195675 "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 23205607 f lperfetto "Reporter gene analyses using the 5'-promoter region of FGF19 revealed that a functional AARE (amino-acid-response element) was localized in this region, and this site was responsible for inducing its transcription through ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which is activated in response to ER stress" SIGNOR-253728 ZNF165 protein P49910 UNIPROT PMEPA1 protein Q969W9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 26567849 t Luana "ZNF165 drives the unrestrained activation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling by directly inactivating the expression of negative feedback pathway regulators, SMURF2, SMAD7 and PMEPA1." SIGNOR-266094 ASPM protein Q8IZT6 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 16123590 f "Here, we report that downregulation of endogenous ASPM by siRNA decreases protein levels of endogenous BRCA1. ASPM localizes to the centrosome in interphase and to the spindle poles from prophase through telophase. These findings indicate that ASPM may be involved in mitotic spindle function, possibly, through regulation of BRCA1." SIGNOR-253936 Cell-Cell_contact stimulus SIGNOR-ST13 SIGNOR AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21529719 f milica "In vertebrates, cell density information feeds into the Hpo pathway, which is transmitted, in part, through the Crumbs polarity complex. The Crumbs complex contains Angiomotin (AMOT), a protein that binds YAP/TAZ and SMAD to inhibit their nuclear activity." SIGNOR-230700 BCL11A protein Q9H165 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004408 29606353 t Gianni "Our findings reveal that direct γ-globin gene promoter repression by BCL11A underlies hemoglobin switching." SIGNOR-269067 BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements." SIGNOR-267969 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr382 DHYRYSDtTDSDPEN 9606 21779440 t gcesareni "The C-terminal tail of PTEN is also the target of mutations in tumors. As mentioned, this region contains the main phosphorylation sites mapped to residues Ser362, Thr366, Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, and the kinases involved are casein kinase 2 (CK2), GSK3_, LKB1, and MAST.84,97-101 The phosphorylation of the tail has been shown to enhance PTEN stability but at the same time decrease its phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-89826 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20303941 f gcesareni "The results from mammalian one-hybrid experiments showed that functional ppar gamma was necessary for ligand-dependent inhibition of beta-catenin transactivation." SIGNOR-164516 RNF170 protein Q96K19 UNIPROT ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 21610068 t miannu "In summary, here we present evidence that RNF170 is an E3 ligase that mediates IP3 receptor ubiquitination and processing by the UPP and that it is recruited to activated IP3 receptors by the erlin1/2 complex to which it is constitutively bound." SIGNOR-271913 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258989 BZLF1 protein P03206 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 20381110 t scontino "We have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IE protein Zta (BZLF1) physically interacts with IRF7, inhibiting its ability to activate the IFN-α, IFN-β, and Tap2 promoters" SIGNOR-266643 BRLF1 protein P03209 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 20381110 t scontino "EBV Rta selectively down-regulates the expression of IRF3 and IRF7, the main regulators of the Type I IFNs." SIGNOR-266645 LMP1 protein P03230 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation 9606 BTO:0002181 22951831 t scontino "One mechanism by which LMP1 regulates cellular activation is through the induction of protein posttranslational modifications. We have now identified a specific target of LMP1-induced sumoylation, interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). We hypothesize that during EBV latency, LMP1 induces the sumoylation of IRF7, limiting its transcriptional activity and modulating the activation of innate immune responses." SIGNOR-266951 LF2 protein P0C725 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 18987133 t scontino "EBV LF2 tegument protein specifically interacts with the central inhibitory association domain of IRF7, and this interaction leads to inhibition of the dimerization of IRF7, which suppresses IFN-alpha production and IFN-mediated immunity." SIGNOR-266632 UBE2D3 protein P61077 UNIPROT MPG protein P29372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 25207814 t miannu "Here we report that MID1 catalyzes the in vitro ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) in the absence of alpha4. In the presence of alpha4, the level of PP2Ac ubiquitination is reduced.The high molecular weight smear pattern was not as obvious, suggesting that domains within the C-terminal half of MID1 may contribute to the polyubiquitination of PP2Ac. We observed that PP2Ac was ubiquitinated in the presence of UbcH5a-c and UbcH6, similar to results obtained with MID1-catalyzed ubiquitination of alpha4 (Figure 2E)" SIGNOR-271928 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Ile) smallmolecule CHEBI:29174 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270419 KLHL3 protein Q9UH77 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23453970 t miannu "Here, we found that KLHL3 interacted with Cullin3 and WNK4, induced WNK4 ubiquitination, and reduced the WNK4 protein level. The reduced interaction of KLHL3 and WNK4 by PHAII-causing mutations in either protein reduced the ubiquitination of WNK4, resulting in an increased level of WNK4 protein." SIGNOR-272106 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12913110 f lperfetto "FOXO transcription factors directly activate bim gene expression and promote apoptosis in sympathetic neurons." SIGNOR-252914 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 19759537 t lperfetto "Both tankyrase isoforms interact with a highly conserved domain of axin and stimulate its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-187972 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21619873 t gcesareni "Akt, a member of the ser-ine/threonine-specific protein kinase, was found to phosphorylate osx and dlx5. akt interacts with and phosphorylates dlx5. In addition, we provide evidences that akt kinase activity is important for akt to enhance the protein stability and transcriptional activity of dlx5." SIGNOR-173976 UBE2E1 protein P51965 UNIPROT MPG protein P29372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 25207814 t miannu "Here we report that MID1 catalyzes the in vitro ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) in the absence of alpha4. In the presence of alpha4, the level of PP2Ac ubiquitination is reduced.The high molecular weight smear pattern was not as obvious, suggesting that domains within the C-terminal half of MID1 may contribute to the polyubiquitination of PP2Ac. We observed that PP2Ac was ubiquitinated in the presence of UbcH5a-c and UbcH6, similar to results obtained with MID1-catalyzed ubiquitination of alpha4 (Figure 2E)" SIGNOR-271929 IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20966354 t lperfetto "Irs proteins are capable of both regulating and activating pi3k, depending on the cell of origin." SIGNOR-252695 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser862 IRNKARLsITGSVGE 9606 12536214 t gcesareni "We found that pka phosphorylation of the ampa receptor subunits glur4 and glur1 directly controlled the synaptic incorporation of ampa receptors in organotypic slices from rat hippocampus." SIGNOR-97550 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Asp-tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29158 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269507 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr509 LKRKRRPtSGLHPED 9606 BTO:0000150 17428466 t lperfetto "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt signaling enhances nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of brca1. mutation of threonine 509 in brca1, the site of akt phosphorylation, to an alanine, attenuates the ability of heregulin to induce brca1 nuclear accumulation" SIGNOR-154312 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates jnk" SIGNOR-79492 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT POLB protein P06746 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001025 10518804 f miannu "We identified the heterodimeric transcription factor ATF2/CREB as constitutively binding to the essential cAMP response element (CRE) site within the Ca2+-regulated DNA polymerase beta promoter and contributing to the activation of this promoter." SIGNOR-253744 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11389444 t lperfetto "We show that in the presence of TGF-beta signalling, Smad2 interacts through its proline-rich PPXY motif with the tryptophan-rich WW domains of Smurf2, a recently identified E3 ubiquitin ligases.Thus, stimulation by TGF-beta can induce the assembly of a Smad2-Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase complex that functions to target substrates for degradation." SIGNOR-108490 N-hydroxy-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6-indolecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:94192 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189684 SUPT7L protein O94864 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269585 NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9528794 t gcesareni "In an effort to identify processes that regulate e47, and potentially b-cell development, we found that activated notch1 and notch2 effectively inhibit e47 activity." SIGNOR-56222 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser598 SARSRSNsAERLLEA 10090 16141217 t "Serine 588 of APS is a newly identified target for protein kinase B in intact cells and in vitro. The precise function of this PKB-mediated phosphorylation event is not entirely clear but may be responsible for regulating cellular localization and will be the subject of future investigation." SIGNOR-251487 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT RUNX1T1 protein Q06455 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002731 20487545 f Regulation miannu "GATA-1 transcription factor binds and transactivates the ETO proximal promoter in an erythroid/megakaryocytic-specific manner. Thus, trans-acting factors that are essential in erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation govern ETO expression." SIGNOR-251929 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1197 HIQTPMLsQEQAQPP 9606 15173573 t lperfetto "Tonebp/orebp contains atm consensus phosphorylation sites at ser-1197, ser-1247, and ser-1367. In conclusion, signaling via atm is necessary for full activation of tonebp/orebp" SIGNOR-125073 PTP4A2 protein Q12974 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 14643450 t amattioni "Cells overexpressing prl-2 exhibited enhanced cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) activity" SIGNOR-119478 "pemetrexed disodium" chemical CHEBI:63722 ChEBI GART protein P22102 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 14596699 t miannu "Thymidylate synthase, the primary target of pemetrexed,9 is a fo-late-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of deoxyuri-dine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate. Inhibi-tion of TS results in decreased levels of thymidine, which is necessary for DNA synthesis. In addition to TS, pemetrexed inhibits DHFR, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (AICARFT), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT)." SIGNOR-259291 LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23150273 t "Phosphorylated tyrosines 171, 191, and 226 [in LAT] bind to the SH2 domains of the Grb2 family of adaptor proteins and must be present for optimal signalling" SIGNOR-251520 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr432 AVRDMRQtVAVGVIK 7890750 t lperfetto "PKC delta phosphorylates eEF-1 alpha at Thr-431" SIGNOR-248902 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 16990763 f lperfetto "Other notch target genes identi?ed In the thymoma cell line were dtx1 (gene for deltex1), i?-202, i?-204, i?-D3, adam19 (meltrinb).24 a number of other genes have been reported as being notch targets, including notch1 itself,28 nrarp in xenopus embryos,29 bcl2 in thymoma cells,30 ccnd1 (gene for cyclin d1) in a kidney cell line,31 dkn1a (gene for cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1a (p21, cip1)) in keratinocytes32 and tcf3 (gene for e2a)." SIGNOR-149777 CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257134 PICK1 protein Q9NRD5 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003036 16554470 t miannu "We show that protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) recruits activated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) to MycUNC5A at the plasma membrane, stimulating its endocytosis. We identify two PKCα phosphorylation sites at serines 408 and 587, as well as dileucine internalization motifs, which are required for this endocytosis." SIGNOR-268178 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4517 LYMGGHGsRHSLAST 9606 15272003 t lperfetto "Serine and threonine phosphorylation of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein by protein kinase calpha regulates endocytosis and association with adaptor moleculesthese results indicate that elimination of serine and threonine phosphorylation sites in the lrp cytoplasmic domain reduces the extent of tyr63 phosphorylation and leads to impaired association with the adaptor protein shc." SIGNOR-126958 N-[4-(2-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonylphenyl]-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-[(2-propan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:95008 ChEBI MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207465 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SURF1 protein Q15526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10858544 f miannu "We show that although the Surf-1/Surf-2 promoter does not contain Myc binding sites (E-boxes), Myc over-expression, or the activation of a Myc-oestrogen receptor fusion protein, activates transcription in the Surf-1 direction and that this response to Myc requires a functional YY1 binding site. Our data suggest that the MAP kinase cascade is required for the stimulation of Surf-1 promoter activity and that the Myc-YY1 interaction mediates this response." SIGNOR-254615 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000876 15837948 f fspada "We show that insulin induces gata2 phosphorylation on serine 401 in a pi-3k/akt-dependent manner. Insulin-dependent phosphorylation of serine 401 impairs gata2 translocation to the nucleus and its dna binding activity" SIGNOR-135617 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-201250 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr558 LGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 BTO:0001545 9856983 t lperfetto "By using mass spectroscopy and direct microsequencing of CNBr fragments of phospho-moesin, the phosphorylation site was identified as KYKT*LRQIR (where * indicates the phosphorylation site) (Thr558), which is conserved in the ERM family | Thus, PKC-theta is identified as a major kinase within cells with specificity for moesin and with activation under non-classical PKC conditions. It appears likely that this activity corresponds to a specific intracellular pathway controlling the function of moesin as well as other ERM proteins." SIGNOR-249013 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT CSF3R protein Q99062 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr752 GTSDQVLyGQLLGSP -1 9790917 t "Hck becomes activated upon G-CSF treatment and is, in turn, able to phosphorylate the G-CSF-R, indicating a clear functional and physical involvement in G-CSF signaling. the ability of Hck to phosphorylate the G-CSF-R in vitro, both Y728 and Y763 fit the Src consensus phosphorylation site" SIGNOR-251263 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser576 CAEMREDsARVYENV 9606 11781100 t lperfetto " In summary, SHP2 is phosphorylated on serine residues 576 and 591 by PKC isoforms alpha, beta 1, beta 2, and eta." SIGNOR-249136 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1784 TPTSPNYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273057 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser10 TRSVSSSsYRRMFGG -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248877 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FOXK2 protein Q01167 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser373 SSRSAPAsPNHAGVL 9606 20810654 t gcesareni "We have mapped two cdk phosphorylation sites, serines 368 and 423, which play a role in defining foxk2 function through regulating its stability and its activity as a transcriptional repressor protein. These two cdk sites appear vital for foxk2 function because expression of a mutant lacking these sites cannot be tolerated and causes apoptosis." SIGNOR-167830 GRID2IP protein A4D2P6 UNIPROT GRID2 protein O43424 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 11826110 t miannu "We identified a novel GluRdelta2-interacting protein, named Delphilin, that contains a single PDZ domain and formin homology (FH) domains FH1 and FH2 plus coiled-coil structure. Delphilin is selectively localized at the postsynaptic junction site of the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse and colocalized with GluRdelta2. Thus, Delphilin is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse, where it may serve to link GluRdelta2 with actin cytoskeleton and various signaling molecules." SIGNOR-264475 CLP1 protein Q92989 UNIPROT "CFII complex" complex SIGNOR-C387 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30139799 t lperfetto "Cleavage factor II (CF II) is a poorly characterized component of the multiprotein complex catalyzing 3' cleavage and polyadenylation of mammalian mRNA precursors. We have reconstituted CF II as a heterodimer of hPcf11 and hClp1." SIGNOR-266120 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr189 LLLTTGGtLKISDLG 9606 BTO:0000781 11430832 t lperfetto "These data suggest that the phosphorylation of thr-189 negatively regulates lkb1 activity." SIGNOR-109028 LTB4R protein Q15722 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256834 CENPX protein A8MT69 UNIPROT FANCM protein Q8IYD8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20347429 t gcesareni "We also provide biochemical evidence that mhf1 and mhf2 assemble into a heterodimer that binds dna and enhances the dna branch migration activity of fancm. These findings reveal critical roles of the mhf1-mhf2 dimer in dna damage repair and genome maintenance through fancm." SIGNOR-164729 FBXO44 protein Q9H4M3 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 23086937 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO44 mediates BRCA1 ubiquitination and degradation. The Skp1-Cul1-F-box-protein44 (SCF(FBXO44)) complex ubiquitinates full-length BRCA1 in vitro." SIGNOR-272037 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "Foxo1 antagonized ppargamma activity and vice versa indicating that these transcription factors functionally interact in a reciprocal antagonistic manner." SIGNOR-252916 H2BC11 protein P06899 UNIPROT "CENP-A nucleosome" complex SIGNOR-C321 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 23324462 t miannu "In vitro assembly of both yeast and human CENP-A nucleosomes yields standard octameric structures containing two copies each of CENP-A, H2A, H2B and H4 histones. Human CENP-A also produces rigidified homotypic CENP-A/H4 tetramers in vitro." SIGNOR-263699 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT SARS2 protein Q9NP81 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269425 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser37 YLDSGIHsGATTTAP 9606 20419129 t lperfetto "Specifically, we provide evidence that jnk binds to e-cadherin/beta-catenin complex and phosphorylates beta-catenin at serine 37 and threonine 41, the sites also phosphorylated by gsk-3beta." SIGNOR-165026 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "CellSignaling;phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (D3F9) XP?? Rabbit mAb" gcesareni SIGNOR-189699 DUSP19 protein Q8WTR2 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11959861 t gcesareni "Skrp1 was highly specific for c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) in vitro and effectively suppressed the jnk activation in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha or thapsigargin skrp1 does not bind directly to its target jnk, but co-precipitation of skrp1 with the mapk kinase mkk7, a jnk activator, was found in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-117260 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Bcl- confers protection to apoptosis by interference with bax/bak-mediated release of the pro-apoptotic mitochodrial factors smac/diablo and htra2/omi" SIGNOR-88885 BLOC1S5 protein Q8TDH9 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22203680 t lperfetto "We show that BLOC-1 is an elongated complex that contains one copy each of the eight subunits pallidin, Cappuccino, dysbindin, Snapin, Muted, BLOS1, BLOS2, and BLOS3. The complex appears as a linear chain of eight globular domains, ∼300 A long and ∼30 A in diameter." SIGNOR-265938 degarelix chemical CHEBI:135961 ChEBI GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001033 22416801 t miannu " Two GnRH antagonists are currently available: abarelix and degarelix. " SIGNOR-259160 HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 23019338 t miannu "Nod2 is constitutively associated with a chaperone protein, Hsp90, which is required for Nod2 stability and protects Nod2 from degradation." SIGNOR-252415 CREM protein Q03060 UNIPROT IL2 protein P60568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 12626549 t Luana "In this study we show that CREM is transcriptionally induced in T cells following stimulation through CD3 and CD28, binds to the IL-2 promoter in vivo, and suppresses IL-2 production." SIGNOR-261576 Fluocinonide chemical CHEBI:5109 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 20439738 t gcesareni "We identified four FDA-approved drugs, halcinonide, fluticasone, clobetasol, and fluocinonide, as Smo agonists that activate Hedgehog signaling." SIGNOR-248218 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr479 FSYSASGtA 9606 BTO:0000093 24670654 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of S477 and T479 at the Akt extreme carboxy terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A or mTORC2, under distinct physiological conditions, promotes Akt activation through facilitating, or functionally compensating for, S473 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252443 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270748 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLPRPE 9606 16272144 t gcesareni "FOXO4 transcription factor, also referred to AFX, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase B (PKB), Thr32, Ser197, and Ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated FOXO4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression.[...]These results indicate that phosphorylation at Thr32 and Ser197 is indispensable, whereas that at Ser262 is not critical, for regulation of the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of FOXO4" SIGNOR-252870 NCBP3 protein Q53F19 UNIPROT mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26382858 f lperfetto "The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of the nuclear cap-binding protein (NCBP) 2 and its adaptor NCBP1, is believed to bind all capped RNA and to be necessary for its processing and intracellular localization." SIGNOR-268362 CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26652733 t "We show here that CRTC2 also functions as a coactivator for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)." SIGNOR-256101 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1896 SPTSPTYsPTSPVYT 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203584 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr388 NQAFLGFtYVAPSVL -1 11733037 t miannu " Mutational analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of Thr241 and Thr401 in p70beta1 was indispensable for the kinase activity. In contrast, a p70beta1 mutant in which Ser383 was substituted with Gly (S383G) still retained nearly the half maximal activity. Sequential phosphorylation of wild-type and S383G mutant of p70beta1 with mTOR and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in vitro synergistically activated their kinase activities." SIGNOR-250272 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr222 MEAPTTAyKKTTPIE -1 10066823 t "We have now identified tyrosine 222 as the HS1 residue phosphorylated by the Src family protein kinases c-Fgr and Lyn. this interaction is weakened by phosphorylation of Tyr-222, through an allosteric mechanism that ultimately causes the detachment of fully phosphorylated HS1 from c-Fgr." SIGNOR-251144 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT IL6R protein P08887 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23663276 t milica "In classical il-6 signaling, the cytokine first binds to the membrane-bound il-6 receptor (il-6r;cd126) that is induced to associate with a homodimer of gp130 which then transmits the intracellular signal." SIGNOR-202030 HOXA13 protein P31271 UNIPROT EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16314414 f miannu "We show that hoxd13 andhoxa13activate transcription from the epha7 promoter and that a mutation of thehoxa13/hoxd13 binding site was sufficient to abolish activation." SIGNOR-142428 YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9534 14701738 t miannu "In order to address whether Gem binds specific isoforms of 14-3-3, we determined the coassociation of Gem and 14-3-3 in the neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y. 14-3-3ζ, -γ, -τ, and -β were observed to bind to Gem. 14-3-3-bound Gem has a twofold-longer half-life than nonbound Gem (Fig. ​(Fig.6).6). A similar increase in protein stability following 14-3-3 binding has been described for the Wee1 kinase" SIGNOR-261724 SNTB1 protein Q13884 UNIPROT MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 BTO:0002314 BTO:0001103 29681515 t apalma "[...] suggesting that, during an asymmetric cell division, p38gamma localization would be basally restricted by the DGC complex via its interaction with beta-1-syntrophin." SIGNOR-255903 MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000298 9305639 t lperfetto "These results, therefore, suggest that mtk1 directly phosphorylates and activates mkk3, mkk6 and sek1." SIGNOR-50894 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004730 16239140 t irozzo "We demonstrate here that oncogenic MLL fusion proteins retain an ability to stably associate with menin through a high-affinity, amino-terminal, conserved binding motif and that this interaction is required for the initiation of MLL-mediated leukemogenesis.These results demonstrate that a human oncoprotein is critically dependent on direct physical interaction with a tumor suppressor protein for its oncogenic activity[...]." SIGNOR-255868 N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-oxomethyl]-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutanamide chemical CHEBI:91371 ChEBI CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206133 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI -1 1677563 t lperfetto "Of four other protein kinases tested only protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylated P(45-56), with complete dependence on phosphatidylserine. Only the residue corresponding to serine-51 in eIF-2 alpha was phosphorylated by HCR, dsI or PKC." SIGNOR-248853 NAA30 protein Q147X3 UNIPROT NatC complex SIGNOR-C417 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19398576 t miannu "We here identify and characterize the human NatC (hNatC) complex, containing the catalytic subunit hMak3 and the auxiliary subunits hMak10 and hMak31. This complex associates with ribosomes, and hMak3 acetylates Met-Leu protein N termini in vitro, suggesting a model in which the human NatC complex functions in cotranslational N-terminal acetylation." SIGNOR-267233 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 26387839 t lperfetto "BIGH3 binds molecules of the ECM, including fibronectin, laminin and different collagens ( Hashimoto et al., 1997 ; Hanssen et al., 2003) and serves as a ligand for several integrins|BIGH3 has been shown to interact with α3β1, αvβ3, αvβ5, α1β1, α6β4 and α7β1 integrin heterodimers" SIGNOR-253270 VX-745 chemical CHEBI:90528 ChEBI MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207684 PSENEN protein Q9NZ42 UNIPROT gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "-Secretase is a four subunit, 19-pass transmembrane enzymeBiochemical studies indicated that -secretase activity is catalyzed by the presenilin (PS)-containing macromolecular complex (Li et al., 2000a). The search for other components of the complex revealed three additional proteins: nicastrin (Nct), anterior pharynx-defective-1 (Aph-1), and presenilin enhancer-2 (Pen-2)" SIGNOR-209708 paclitaxel chemical CHEBI:45863 ChEBI TUBB1 protein Q9H4B7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 28298489 t miannu "Here we integrate a computational model for microtubule assembly with nanometer-scale fluorescence microscopy measurements to identify the kinetic and thermodynamic basis of kinetic stabilization by the MTAs paclitaxel, an assembly promoter, and vinblastine, a disassembly promoter. We identify two distinct modes of kinetic stabilization in live cells, one that truly suppresses on-off kinetics, characteristic of vinblastine, and the other a ""pseudo"" kinetic stabilization, characteristic of paclitaxel, that nearly eliminates the energy difference between the GTP- and GDP-tubulin thermodynamic states. By either mechanism, the main effect of both MTAs is to effectively stabilize the microtubule against disassembly in the absence of a robust GTP cap." SIGNOR-259347 doramapimod chemical CHEBI:40953 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258208 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr529 TITKTVEyLHAQGVV 9606 18156174 t llicata "Epidermal growth factor stimulates rsk2 activation through activation of the mek/erk pathway and src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of rsk2 at tyr-529. By mass spectroscopy-based studies, we identified src tyrosine kinase family members src and fyn as upstream kinases of rsk2 tyr-529." SIGNOR-160048 TRIM28 protein Q13263 UNIPROT ALDOA protein P04075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17900823 f miannu "We previously reported that ZNF224, a novel Krüppel-associated box-containing zinc-finger protein, represses aldolase A gene transcription by interacting with the KAP-1 co-repressor." SIGNOR-255628 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000527 11514572 t gcesareni "Tc45 dephosphorylated delta egfr in u87mg glioblastoma cells and inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase erk2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. In contrast, the substrate-trapping tc45-d182a mutant, which is capable of forming stable complexes with tc45 substrates, suppressed the activation of erk2 but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The activation results in reduced egfr phosphorylation after egf stimulation. Introduction of the alpha(1) cytoplasmic domain peptide into cells induces phosphatase activation and inhibits egf-induced cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of malignant cells." SIGNOR-109804 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SRPK2 protein P78362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr492 PSHDRSRtVSASSTG 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 19592491 t lperfetto "Here we show that srpk2, a protein kinase specific for the serine/arginine (sr) family of splicing factors, triggers cell cycle progression in neurons and induces apoptosis through regulation of nuclear cyclin d1. Akt phosphorylates srpk2 on thr-492 and promotes its nuclear translocation leading to cyclin d1 up-regulation, cell cycle reentry, and neuronal apoptosis." SIGNOR-244341 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CIB2 protein O75838 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 35408910 t miannu "Calcium- and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) is a small EF-hand protein capable of binding Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions." SIGNOR-269667 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CACNA1B protein Q00975 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2120 ERRQPSSsSSEKQRF 9606 BTO:0000938 16982421 t gcesareni "Here, we report a direct modulation of ca(v)2.2 channel inactivation properties by 14-3-3, a family of signaling proteins involved in a wide range of biological processes.Wild-type gst fusion proteins containing the putative 14-3-3-binding motif (aa 2076__?2140) werein vitro phosphorylated at s2126 by either camkii or pka, as detected by thesequence- and phosphorylation-specific antibody, anti-ps2126 (middle panel). Phosphorylation of s2126 significantly increases its binding to recombinant 14-3-3?" SIGNOR-149684 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr373 SEDDEDCyGNYDNLL -1 20044479 t lperfetto "IGF-1R Directly Interacts with and Phosphorylates PDK1 in Vitro" SIGNOR-236548 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f gcesareni "Tgf-beta inhibited the expression of the cbfa1 and_ osteocalcin_ genes." SIGNOR-107248 CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 18006698 t gcesareni "Cd28 can bind directly to pi3k by a well-characterized ymnm binding motif in its cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-159322 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT COL4A1 protein P02462 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21931594 f Regulation miannu "Egr-1 induced a time-dependent ECM gene expression program, with the number of ECM genes increasing >2.5-fold (from 16 to 41) between 24 and 48 h. Genes in this group include those coding for multiple collagens (COL4A1, COL4A2, COL11A1, COL7A1, COL10A1)" SIGNOR-251917 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257694 KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT Spindle_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH60 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21969468 f lperfetto "The C-terminal fragment interferes with the TPX2–Eg5 interaction, relieving the inhibition of TPX2 on Eg5 and generating the observed spindle lengthening. According to this model, TPX2 and Eg5 should localize to microtubules in the spindle midzone." SIGNOR-265098 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser483 IRRPRNYsVGSRPLK 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000562 12853467 t lperfetto "These findings suggest that pkb-dependent binding of 14-3-3s to phospho-ser483 of cardiac pfk-2 mediates the stimulation of glycolysis by growth factor." SIGNOR-252464 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr286 LQIDDNEyAYLKAII 9606 22308320 t lperfetto "Here we show that c-src phosphorylates human hnf4_ on three tyrosines phosphomimetic mutants in the lbd decrease p1-hnf4_ protein stability, nuclear localization and transactivation function." SIGNOR-195896 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation -1 11486036 t miannu "Previous studies have established that YY1 interacts with histone acetyltransferases p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), HDAC2, and HDAC3. Here, we present evidence that the activity of YY1 is regulated through acetylation by p300 and PCAF and through deacetylation by HDACs. YY1 was acetylated in two regions: both p300 and PCAF acetylated the central glycine-lysine-rich domain of residues 170 to 200, and PCAF also acetylated YY1 at the C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domain. Acetylation of the central region was required for the full transcriptional repressor activity of YY1 and targeted YY1 for active deacetylation by HDACs." SIGNOR-268835 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19482358 f lperfetto "IFN-_ induces socs1 gene expression through an inducible factor" SIGNOR-236809 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 20663873 t miannu "Pim-1 phosphorylates Cdh1 and impairs binding of this protein to another APC/C complex member, CDC27. These modifications inhibit Skp2 from degradation.Pim-1 Impairs Cdh1 and CDC27 Interaction and Phosphorylates Cdh1." SIGNOR-259820 BABAM1 protein Q9NWV8 UNIPROT "BRCA1-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C296 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20656690 t lperfetto "We and others showed previously that BRCC36 is a component of the BRCA1-A complex, which consists of RAP80, CCDC98/ABRAXAS, BRCC45/BRE, MERIT40/NBA1, BRCC36, and BRCA1. " SIGNOR-263215 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C118 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000667 15284024 t lperfetto "Stimulation of EGFR induces Tyr701 phosphorylation of STAT1 and initiates complex formation of STAT1 and STAT3 with JAK1 and JAK2. Thereafter, the STATs translocate to the nucleus within 15 min." SIGNOR-235661 WDR18 protein Q9BV38 UNIPROT "Rix1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C373 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22190735 t miannu "LAS1L was first described as a nucleolar protein required for maturation of the 60S preribosomal subunit. In this paper, we demonstrate that LAS1L interacts with PELP1, TEX10, and WDR18, the mammalian homologues of the budding yeast Rix1 complex, along with NOL9 and SENP3, to form a novel nucleolar complex that cofractionates with the 60S preribosomal subunit. our data identify a novel mammalian complex required for 60S ribosomal subunit synthesis, providing further insight into the intricate, yet poorly described, process of ribosome biogenesis in higher eukaryotes." SIGNOR-265471 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser187 RIMEKADsNKTRIDE 9606 BTO:0000938 18171919 t llicata "Phosphorylation of snap-25 at ser187 mediates enhancement of exocytosis by a phorbol ester in ins-1 cells." SIGNOR-160313 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 PHRYRPGtVALREIR 9606 19363025 t gcesareni "We identify protein kinase c-delta as the kinase responsible for h3t45ph in vitro and in vivo. Given the nucleosomal position of h3t45, we postulate that h3t45ph induces structural change within the nucleosome to facilitate dna nicking and/or fragmentation." SIGNOR-185144 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20854876 f irozzo "Inhibition of EAP components pTEFb and Dot1l show that both contribute significantly to activation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 expression. EAP is dynamically associated with the Hoxa9 and Meis1 loci in hematopoietic cells and rapidly dissociates during induction of differentiation. In the presence of MLL fusion proteins, its dissociation is prevented." SIGNOR-256141 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr973 RLGNGVLyASVNPEY -1 8940173 t lperfetto "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-247193 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT BCL2L12 protein Q9HB09 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser156 SESPRPCsLPIRPCY 9606 BTO:0000527 22262180 t lperfetto "Gsk3b phosphorylates bcl2l12 at s156. Ectopic expression of gfp-fused bcl2l12 or bcl2l12a in u87mg cells leads to repression of apoptotic markers and protects against staurosporine (sts) insults, indicating an antiapoptotic role for both bcl2l12 and bcl2l12a. In contrast, no anti-apoptotic ability was seen in bcl2l12(s156a)" SIGNOR-195512 Phagocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH97 SIGNOR IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" BTO:0000801 22933625 f apalma "Furthermore, phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by M1 macrophages increased production of the Th2 cytokine TGFβ by the macrophages, while reducing expression of the Th1 cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, reflecting a shift toward an M2 phenotype" SIGNOR-255445 TFG protein Q92734 UNIPROT SEC16A protein O15027 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21478858 t miannu "We identify tfg-1, a new conserved regulator of protein secretion that interacts directly with sec-16 and controls the export of cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum in caenorhabditis elegans. Hydrodynamic studies indicate that tfg-1 forms hexamers that facilitate the co-assembly of sec-16 with copii subunits." SIGNOR-173242 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10022885 t gcesareni "However, induction of p16(ink4a) also causes marked inhibition of cdk2 activity." SIGNOR-64431 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000899 10201980 t lperfetto "Activation of Btk occurs by transphosphorylation of tyrosine 551 in the catalytic domain, resulting in a dramatic increase in the catalytic activity of the kinase (11, 12, 13). This allows for autophosphorylation at tyrosine 223 in the SH3 domain (14). Both Lyn and Syk have been demonstrated to be involved in BCR-mediated Btk activation (11), but processes that drive colocalization of these kinases are ill-defined. Recently, it was suggested that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) is also involved in Btk activation" SIGNOR-249610 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10409765 f lperfetto "Nf-kappab regulation of cyclin d1 occurs at the transcriptional level and is mediated by direct binding of nf-kappab to multiple sites in the cyclin d1 promoter." SIGNOR-235648 PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 31583686 f SimoneGraziosi "SOX17 regulates TFAP2C, PRDM1 and PRDM14, thereby maintaining latent pluripotency and suppressing somatic differentiation." SIGNOR-269263 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT KNSTRN protein Q9Y448 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001938 22535524 t lperfetto "The protein astrin has been shown to remove Kif2b from kinetochores in metaphase through competitive binding of CLASP1 (Manning et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle). During prometaphase, Aurora B kinase activity prevents astrin from localizing to kinetochores (Manning et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle; Schmidt et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle). This permits Kif2b to localize to kinetochores to destabilize k-MT attachments to execute error correction through Plk1-dependent recruitment and activation." SIGNOR-252052 KCTD17 protein Q8N5Z5 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 25270598 t miannu "We have identified KCTD17 as a substrate-adaptor for Cul3-RING E3 ligases (CRL3s) that polyubiquitylates trichoplein. Depletion of KCTD17 specifically arrests ciliogenesis at the initial step of axoneme extension through aberrant trichoplein-Aurora-A activity. Thus, CRL3-KCTD17 targets trichoplein to proteolysis to initiate the axoneme extension during ciliogenesis." SIGNOR-272464 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR peptide smallmolecule CHEBI:16670 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20025795 t miannu "In the initial binding state, referred to as A/T state, this aa-tRNA is in a ternary complex with the GTPase EF-Tu (eEF1A in eukaryotes) and GTP. When a Watson–Crick codon–anticodon match is recognized by the ribosome, a signal is transmitted to EF-Tu that triggers GTP hydrolysis and thereby causes the dissociation of EF-Tu from the ribosome. The subsequent accommodation of the 3′ acceptor arm of the tRNA in the PTC of the large subunit leads to a rapid peptide bond transfer" SIGNOR-270811 SELPLG protein Q14242 UNIPROT SELP protein P16109 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 BTO:0000975 9129046 t gcesareni "The major ligand for p-selectin on leukocytes is p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)" SIGNOR-47625 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PIDD1 protein Q9HB75 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr788 DAETGFLtQSNLLSV 9606 BTO:0000567 22854598 t miannu "ATM phosphorylates PIDD on Thr788 within the DD. This phosphorylation is necessary and sufficient for RAIDD binding and caspase-2 activation. Conversely, nonphosphorylatable PIDD fails to bind RAIDD or activate caspase-2, and engages prosurvival RIP1 instead. Thus, ATM phosphorylation of the PIDD DD enables a binary switch through which cells elect to survive or die upon DNA injury." SIGNOR-262640 Fibrin complex SIGNOR-C317 SIGNOR Fibrin_clot_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH153 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000131 18544683 t lperfetto "A fibrin clot is the final product of the blood clotting cascade. Thrombin catalyzes release of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen to create fibrin monomers, which then aggregate to protofibrils. Proteolytic release of fibrinopeptide B by thrombin permits lateral protofibril aggregation, resulting in a three-dimensional fibrin gel.|Fibrin clots were formed as described for turbidity experiments, in which the fibrinogen, calcium, and polyP (when included) were preincubated for 15 minutes before adding thrombin." SIGNOR-263531 APBA2 protein Q99767 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 11036064 t miannu "Mint1 and Mint2 Interact with the Cytoplasmic Domain of Neurexin I. The interaction of Mint1 with neurexins is mediated by its PDZ domains and allows the formation of mixed CASK-Mint complexes. Both CASK and Mint1 can bind directly to neurexins and to each other. Therefore, the assembly of various multimeric complexes could proceed as CASK could be indirectly recruited to neurexin-bound Mint1 and vice versa." SIGNOR-264039 SEMA3B protein Q13214 UNIPROT PLXNA2 protein O75051 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001176;BTO:0002036 25335892 t miannu "We provide evidence suggesting that, in endothelial cells and glioblastoma cells, plexin-A4 is a required component of both Sema3A and Sema3B receptor complexes and inhibition of its expression nullifies both Sema3A and Sema3B signaling. The specificity for Sema3A or Sema3B is determined by the presence of plexin-A1 in Sema3A receptors and plexin-A2 in Sema3B receptors, and silencing each abrogates signaling by the appropriate semaphorin. " SIGNOR-261812 SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT NONO/SFPQ complex SIGNOR-C62 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9756848 t miannu "We show that the psf/p54 dimer has pronounced stimulatory effect on dna catalysis by topoisomerase i" SIGNOR-60560 crizotinib chemical CHEBI:64310 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191136 PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19805105 t miannu "Phosphoinositol 3- kinase alpha (PI3Kα) is a heterodimeric enzyme formed by a catalytic subunit (p110α, encoded by PIK3CA) and one of several regulatory subunits (a major one being p85α, encoded by PI3KR1)." SIGNOR-255300 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr1092 TFLPVPEyINQSVPK 9606 BTO:0000567 19836242 t "We report the identification of PTPRK and PTPRJ (density-enhanced phosphatase-1 [DEP-1]) as EGFR-targeting phosphatases. DEP-1 is a tumor suppressor that dephosphorylates and thereby stabilizes EGFR by hampering its ability to associate with the CBL-GRB2 ubiquitin ligase complex|By employing commercially available antibodies, which are supposed to recognize specific tyrosine phosphorylation sites of EGFR, we found that depletion of endogenous DEP-1 nonselectively increased receptor phosphorylation, affecting all three sites we analyzed (tyrosines 1045, 1068, and 1173" SIGNOR-248698 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001106 21536859 f miannu "We further demonstrate that ERG expression in primary human T-ALL cells is mediated by the binding of other T-cell oncogenes SCL/TAL1, LMO2, and LYL1 in concert with ERG, FLI1, and GATA3 to the ERG +85 enhancer." SIGNOR-253925 LYL1 protein P12980 UNIPROT ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21536859 f miannu "We further demonstrate that ERG expression in primary human T-ALL cells is mediated by the binding of other T-cell oncogenes SCL/TAL1, LMO2, and LYL1 in concert with ERG, FLI1, and GATA3 to the ERG +85 enhancer." SIGNOR-253923 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253446 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser428 SSKIRRLsACKQQ 9606 18250273 t llicata "We conclude that pkc-zeta phosphorylates lkb1 at ser428, resulting in lkb1 nuclear export and hence ampk activation." SIGNOR-160681 HOXB13 protein Q92826 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 15604291 f miannu "These results suggest that HOXB13 functions as an AR repressor to modulate the complex AR signaling and subsequent growth regulation of prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-254475 PIN4 protein Q9Y237 UNIPROT "Ribosome biogenesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH164 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 12860119 f lperfetto "Par14 is a pre-rRNA processing factor involved in mammalian ribosome biogenesis, Par14 deficiency slowed cell growth (Fig. 3A) and reduced the production of 18 and 28 S rRNAs " SIGNOR-265754 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1738 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248744 NFE2 protein Q16621 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000426 16287851 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "NF-E2 is a transcription activator for the regulation of a number of erythroid- and megakaryocytic lineage-specific genes. Here we present evidence that the large subunit of mammalian NF-E2, p45, is sumoylated in vivo in human erythroid K562 cells. we demonstrated by stable transfection assay that only the wild-type p45, but not its mutant form p45 (K368R), could efficiently rescue β-globin gene expression in the p45-null, erythroid cell line CB3. These data together point to a model of mammalian β-like globin gene activation by sumoylated p45/NF-E2 in erythroid cells." SIGNOR-251840 PDK4 protein Q16654 UNIPROT PDHA2 protein P29803 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 14966024 t gcesareni "Pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) activity (pdha) controls the entry of carbohydrate into the tricarboxylic cycle and is regulated by pdh kinase (pdk), which phosphorylates and inactivates the enzyme, and pdh phosphatase, which dephosphorylates the enzyme to the active form" SIGNOR-121936 BMS-740808 chemical CID:6914623 PUBCHEM F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190488 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr131 ISLLNVFtPQKTLEE 9606 BTO:0000007 11823425 t llicata "Here, we show that cdk5 directly phosphorylates c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) on Thr131 and inhibits its kinase activity, leading to reduced c-Jun phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250668 FBXW10 protein Q5XX13 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23431138 t miannu "As expected, the SKP1 and CUL1 proteins, subunits of all F-box-containing E3 ligases, were also present in the immune complexes containing FBXO10 and BCL2. To test for FBXO10-induced ubiquitination of BCL2, 293T cells were transduced with retroviral vectors expressing Flag-tagged FBXO10, MYC-tagged BCL2, and HA-tagged ubiquitin, and cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 to enhance the detection of ubiquitinated proteins.Together, these data suggest that FBXO10 is a component of a ubiquitin ligase that can target BCL2 protein for degradation." SIGNOR-271933 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT TYRP1 protein P17643 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000847 22371403 f miannu "MITF transcription factor regulates melanogenesis by activation of tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2 transcription." SIGNOR-254591 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 24600449 t miannu "The ability of SOCS3 to simultaneously bind to JAK and to the cytokine receptor explains the specificity of the suppression. SOCS3 binds JAK and gp130 receptor simultaneously, using two opposing surfaces: while the phosphotyrosine-binding groove on the SOCS3 SH2 domain is occupied by the gp130 receptor, a subdomain in the SH2 domain of SOCS3 is also required for inhibition of JAK, binding in a phospho-independent manner to a non-canonical surface of JAK2 (58, 59). The KIR of SOCS3 occludes the substrate-binding groove on JAK2." SIGNOR-255329 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser252 DIWSMGLsLVEMAVG -1 8413257 t lperfetto "Raf-1 phosphorylation of MEK activated it, as judged by its ability to stimulate the phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by glutathione S-transferase-ERK1." SIGNOR-39062 "SB 203580" chemical CHEBI:90705 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000567 11606413 t gcesareni "Pretreatment of hela cells with sb 203580, a pyridinyl imidazole compound that specifically inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). It has previously been established that sb 203580 acts primarily to block the catalytic activity of p38 mapk. However, it has been suggested that in cells, the compounds could also inhibit p38 mapk activation by virtue of their ability to bind to the inactive enzyme." SIGNOR-111064 TPR protein P12270 UNIPROT MAD1L1 protein Q9Y6D9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18981471 t miannu "Tpr directly binds to mad1 and mad2. / depletion of tpr decreases the levels of mad1 at kinetochores during prometaphase, correlating with the inability of mad1 to activate mad2, which is required for inhibiting apc(cdc20)." SIGNOR-181918 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MAEA protein Q7L5Y9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271048 SERPING1 protein P05155 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 26707513 t lperfetto "C1INH is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that acts on both the complement pathway and the contact system and is the main inhibitor of the contact system by targeting both FXIIa and PK 9. Additionally, FXIIa can be inhibited by α1‐antitrypsin and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1)." SIGNOR-263517 NUP98-HOXA9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP15 SIGNOR CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17442773 f miannu "Over 102 cytoplasmic mRNAs were significantly altered in K562 myeloid leukemic cells transduced with NUP98‐HOXA9, 92 being increased and only 10 decreased. CD44 is also upregulated by NUP98‐HOXA9." SIGNOR-261502 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT ELMO1 protein Q92556 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr720 IPKEPSNyDFVYDCN 9606 15952790 t llicata "We previously showed that elmo1 binds directly to the hck sh3 domain and is phosphorylated by hck. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify the following sites of elmo1 phosphorylation: tyr 18, tyr 216, tyr 511, tyr 395, and tyr 720. Mutant forms of elmo1 lacking these sites were defective in their ability to promote phagocytosis and migration in fibroblasts." SIGNOR-138158 LLGL2 protein Q6P1M3 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C505 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270887 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19346248 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of raptor is stimulated by insulin and inhibited by rapamycin. Importantly, the site-directed mutation of raptor at one phosphorylation site, Ser(863), reduced mTORC1 activity both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-217556 MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT Myoblast_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH98 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19725819 f areggio "In response to increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels, activated CaMKII translocates into the nucleus where it phosphorylates and deactivates HDAC4 which, as a result, dissociates from theDNA-binding domain of MEF2. This dissociation allows MEF2 to bind to its DNA-binding domain to activate transcription of the MEF2-dependent target gene products MyoD and myogenin" SIGNOR-255957 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser221 PRTSPIMsPRTSLAE 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248373 WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA. Alternative splicing produces two forms of hTrpRS in human cells: full-length hTrpRS (residues 1-471) and mini-hTrpRS (residues 48-471)" SIGNOR-270513 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 LENDFFNsPPRKTVR 9606 SIGNOR-C16 15004009 t miannu "Cdk2/cyclin e-mediated phosphorylation at ser 44 activates tif-ia" SIGNOR-123231 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ASAP3 protein Q8TDY4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr34 FAAKMPRyRGAALAR 9606 BTO:0000599 23776207 t lperfetto "How ACAP4 regulates membrane dynamics and curvature in response to EGF stimulation is unknown. Here, we show that phosphorylation of the N-terminal region of ACAP4, named the Bin, Amphiphysin, and RSV161/167 (BAR) domain, at Tyr34 is necessary for EGF-elicited membrane remodeling. |EGF stimulation of cells causes phosphorylation of ACAP4 at Tyr34, which subsequently promotes ACAP4 homodimer curvature." SIGNOR-272234 PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000018 33108758 t miannu "Knockout of FAM122A results in activation of PP2A-B55α, a phosphatase that dephosphorylates the WEE1 protein and rescues WEE1 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. in tumor cells with oncogene-driven replication stress, CHK1 can directly phosphorylate FAM122A, leading to activation of the PP2A-B55α phosphatase and increased WEE1 expression." SIGNOR-266381 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser454 TGSTPPVsPTPSERS 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 22139079 t "Translocation from Nuleus to Cytoplasm" gcesareni "Serum induces rhoa-dependent translocation of mkl1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and also causes a rapid increase in mkl1 phosphorylation. Serum-induced phosphorylation of the serum response factor coactivator mkl1 by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibits its nuclear localization." SIGNOR-195157 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr207 FLTEYVAtRWYRAPE 9606 BTO:0000562 19060905 t lperfetto "Here we show that autophosphorylation of erk1/2 on thr188 directs erk1/2 to phosphorylate nuclear targets known to cause cardiac hypertrophy." SIGNOR-244565 BACH1 protein O14867 UNIPROT GAPDH protein P04406 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31257027 t "BACH1 activates transcription of Hexokinase 2 and Gapdh and increases glucose uptake, glycolysis rates, and lactate secretion, thereby stimulating glycolysis-dependent metastasis of mouse and human lung cancer cells." SIGNOR-259339 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser68 LRDAIRQsNQILRER 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 17977820 t lperfetto "In this study we analyze the ikkbeta-mediated phosphorylation of the ikk-binding domain of nemo. In vitro, ikkbeta phosphorylates three serine residues in the domain of nemo at positions 43, 68, and 85. However, mutational analysis revealed that only the phosphorylation of serine 68 in the center of the ikk-binding domain plays an essential role for the formation and the function of the ikk complex. Thus, ser(68) phosphorylation attenuates the amino-terminal dimerization of nemo as well as the ikkbeta-nemo interaction. I" SIGNOR-158659 DOCK10 protein Q96BY6 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260549 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser158 QRMLPSLsLTEDVKW 9606 22412986 t lperfetto "Activation of interferon regulatory factor 5 by site specific phosphorylation. Although the gene induction by irf5 in the presence of tbk-1 was modest, phosphorylation by tbk-1 produced a significant shift in the mobility of irf5 in sds-page. For this reason we identified the residues that are phosphorylated on irf5 by tbk-1 with mass spectrometry. Ser-158 and ser-309 were found to be phosphorylated" SIGNOR-196528 ATG4B protein Q9Y4P1 UNIPROT GABARAPL2 protein P60520 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 16303767 t lperfetto "In mammals, at least three atg8 homologs, lc3, gabarap, and gate-16, have been identified (fig. 1a), all of which have structural ubiquitin folds (1416). In vivo and in vitro biochemical analyses have shown that human atg4b is an authentic cysteine protease essential for cleavage of the c terminus of each atg8 homolog to expose the c-terminal gly" SIGNOR-141932 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT TNFSF11 protein O14788 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11331591 f gcesareni "In addition to osteocalcin, cbfa1 regulates expression of several other genes that are activated during osteoblast" SIGNOR-107242 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 GLMQRSSsFPYTTKG 10090 22848740 t "When AMPK is stimulated, pre-existing FOXO3 becomes reverted toward an active form." SIGNOR-255756 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser863 TSTLPRNsGAGASSG 9606 8663994 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Ser-845 on GluR1 by PKA potentiates its response to glutamate." SIGNOR-249987 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11959862 t amattioni "Activation of mkk7 by ask1" SIGNOR-117264 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser236 AKRRRLSsLRASTSK 10090 15809305 t lperfetto "A knockin mouse carrying mutations at all phosphorylation sites in the primary s6k substrate, ribosomal protein s6 (rps6), has provided insight into the physiological role of this protein phosphorylation event. Of the many known substrates of s6k1, it is rps6 that has been shown to be directly involved, via its phosphorylation, in controlling cell size." SIGNOR-135176 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT RAN protein P62826 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser135 DRKVKAKsIVFHRKK 9606 20805321 t lperfetto "We show that ran is a substrate for p21-activated kinase 4 (pak4) and that its phosphorylation on serine-135 increases during mitosis.Altogether, our findings strongly suggest that pak4-mediated phosphorylation of gdp- or gtp-bound ran modulates the assembly of complexes that are required at specific subcellular localizations for ran to carry out its functions during mitotic progression." SIGNOR-167667 GUCY1A2-B3 complex SIGNOR-C138 SIGNOR "3',5'-cyclic GMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:16356 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "Guanylyl cyclases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of GTP to cGMP. The family comprises both membrane-bound and soluble isoforms that are expressed in nearly all cell types" SIGNOR-244093 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT STIP1 protein P31948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr332 KSLAEHRtPDVLKKC 10090 BTO:0000944 14754904 t miannu "Inactivation and phosphorylation mimicking of potential phosphorylation sites in mSTI1 altered the nuclear translocation. Mimicking of phosphorylation at the mSTI1 CKII phosphorylation site (S189E) promoted nuclear localization of mSTI1-EGFP. Mimicking phosphorylation at the cdc2 kinase phosphorylation site (T198E) promoted cytoplasmic localization of mSTI1-EGFP at the G1/S-phase transition,whereas removal of this site (T198A) promoted the nuclear localization of mSTI1-EGFP under the same conditions. A lower level of phosphorylation was observed for the double mutant, suggesting that T332 might also be phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase." SIGNOR-262728 HOXB13 protein Q92826 UNIPROT TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 15928669 f miannu "In prostate cancers, HOXB13 negatively regulates beta-catenin/TCF4-mediated transactivation and subsequently inhibits cell growth. " SIGNOR-254476 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser100 DEDSGKGsQPPSPPS 9606 15448698 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-129398 BACH1 protein O14867 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000150 22875853 f "Transcriptional network analysis identifies BACH1 as a master regulator of breast cancer bone metastasis" SIGNOR-259337 DPF3 protein Q92784 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270690 PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 23880553 t miannu "Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes convert phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate." SIGNOR-256496 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17725493 t miannu "We and others have previously shown that RUNX1 and GATA-1 physically interact and cooperate in the activation of megakaryocytic promoters such as alpha IIb integrin and glycoprotein Ibalpha. In particular, we will elaborate on recent data which suggest that GATA-1 targets RUNX1 for modification, in particular phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, targeting of RUNX1 by GATA-1 for phosphorylation may convert RUNX1 from a repressor to an activator. This is a potential mechanism of transcriptional cooperation and may be an essential step in megakaryocytic differentiation." SIGNOR-254194 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18174238 t lperfetto "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip) analysis confirmed the serum-induced recruitment of jund to the promoter in vivo and showed that the presence of jund was dependent on the presence of p65 and p50, indicating a protein-protein-dependent mechanism of jund recruitment" SIGNOR-216337 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser118 EPDNRRFsSYSQMEN -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273486 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser191 YSFYSTCsGQKAIKK -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273487 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser174 LRKGTLGsKGQKTTQ -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273492 D-106669 chemical CID:16048654 PUBCHEM PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191256 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0000150 17563747 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of s727 induces pin1 binding which increases transcription. Pin1 binding increases stat3 interaction with p300 and dna." SIGNOR-155828 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr189 NRYSFYStCSGQKAI -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273493 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GSTP1 protein P09211 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr8 MPPYTVVyFPVRGRC 9606 BTO:0000150 19254954 t llicata "Taken together, these results and those of the ms/ms analyses confirmed tyr-3, tyr-7, and tyr-198 to be primary residues phosphorylated by egfr in the gstp1 protein. The phosphorylation increased gstp1 enzymatic activity significantly," SIGNOR-184387 tamoxifen chemical CHEBI:41774 ChEBI GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 15539556 t gcesareni "The finding that the antiestrogens tamoxifen and ici 182,780, and an environmental estrogen, ortho,para-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (o,p'-dde), have high binding affinities to the receptor and mimic the actions of e2 has important implications for both the development and treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer." SIGNOR-130395 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000527 21419810 t lperfetto "In-vitro kinase activity assay showed that pkc-_ directly phosphorylated bad at phospho specific residues, ser-112, ser-136 and ser-155 which in turn induced inactivation of bad and disruption of bad/bcl-xl dimer" SIGNOR-172890 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT WWOX protein Q9NZC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254854 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8824197 t areggio "We found that in the human kidney epithelial cell line, 293T, Cdc42 and all Rho proteins, RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC, but not Rac or Ras can induce activation of JNK." SIGNOR-258974 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR PSIP1 protein O75475 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0001130 18708362 t miannu "Ledgf/ p75 has a cooh-terminally truncated splice variant, p52 / during apoptosis, caspase-3 cleaved p52 to generate a p38 fragment that lacked the nh2-terminal pwwp domain and failed to transactivate the hsp27 promoter in reporter assays. However, p38 retained chromatin association properties and repressed the transactivation potential of ledgf/p75" SIGNOR-256469 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT SLC29A1 protein Q99808 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser281 QPTNESHsIKAILKN 9606 25725289 t Manara "Phosphorylation of hENT1 by PKC has effects on both the function and subcellular trafficking of hENT1" SIGNOR-260888 SNCAIP protein Q9Y6H5 UNIPROT Lewy_body_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH56 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19224863 f miannu "Synphilin-1 interacts in vivo with α-synuclein, and their coexpression promotes the formation of Lewy body-like inclusions" SIGNOR-272596 ASAP3 protein Q8TDY4 UNIPROT ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 23776207 t lperfetto "ArfGAP With Coiled-Coil, Ankyrin Repeat And PH Domains 4 (ACAP4) is an ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) GTPase-activating protein essential for EGF-elicited cell migration. |The crystal structure of the catalytic core of ACAP4 in a complex with ARF6 reveals the structural determinants underlying ACAP4 selectivity and specificity as an ARF6 GTPase-activating protein" SIGNOR-272235 WNT5B protein Q9H1J7 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131885 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRM1 protein Q13255 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate" SIGNOR-264069 SETD2 protein Q9BYW2 UNIPROT "Iws1:Spt6:CTD complex" complex SIGNOR-C548 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19141475 t miannu "We showed recently that Spt6, a transcription elongation factor and histone H3 chaperone, binds to the Ser2P CTD and recruits Iws1 and the REF1/Aly mRNA export adaptor to facilitate mRNA export.In vitro, recombinant Spt6 binds selectively to a stretch of uninterrupted consensus repeats located in the N-terminal half of the CTD and recruits Iws1. Thus Iws1 connects two distinct CTD-binding proteins, Spt6 and HYPB/Setd2, in a megacomplex that affects mRNA export as well as the histone modification state of active genes." SIGNOR-273499 TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT down-regulates tyrosination 9606 22020298 t miannu "Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization" SIGNOR-176927 LARP6 protein Q9BRS8 UNIPROT DHX9 protein Q08211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22190748 t miannu " La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6 (LARP6) is the protein that binds 5' SL with high affinity and specificity and coordinates their translation. Here we show that RNA helicase A (RHA) is tethered to the 5' SL of collagen mRNAs by interaction with the C-terminal domain of LARP6. " SIGNOR-273500 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr360 SGISSVPtPSPLGPL 9606 BTO:0000527 19941816 t lperfetto "Erk2, which is activated by egfr signaling, directly binds to ck2alpha via the erk2 docking groove and phosphorylates ck2alpha primarily at t360/s362, subsequently enhancing ck2alpha activity" SIGNOR-161855 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD3G protein P09693 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 2470098 t "Last, we demonstrate directly that members of the CD3 complex, including the gamma, delta, and epsilon chains, as well as a putative zeta subunit, can be phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by the CD4/CD8.p56lck complex." SIGNOR-259928 COLGALT1 protein Q8NBJ5 UNIPROT COL4A1 protein P02462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation -1 19075007 t "Recombinant GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 enzymes showed a strong galactosyltransferase activity toward various types of collagen and toward the serum mannose-binding lectin MBL, which contains a collagen domain. Amino acid analysis of the products of GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 reactions confirmed the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine residues." SIGNOR-261155 NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30455429 t miannu "Over-expression of NR4A3 attenuated proliferation of cancer cells and promoted apoptosis by augmenting the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, PUMA and Bax." SIGNOR-259396 HNRNPA2B1 protein P22626 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24792867 f miannu "Hnrnpa2/b1 protein directly interacts with the r1 and r2 regions ofcdk5r13_-utr and displays a negative regulatory activity on its expression" SIGNOR-205023 bremazocine chemical CHEBI:3171 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258778 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr771 IGTAEPDyGALYEGR 9606 BTO:0000776 8657103 t lperfetto "Syk isolated from antigen receptor-activated B cells phosphorylated PLC-gamma1 on Tyr-771 and the key regulatory residue Tyr-783 in vitro, whereas Lyn from the same B cells phosphorylated PLC-gamma1 only on Tyr-771." SIGNOR-246572 DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates binding BTO:0001103 12361602 t apalma "When activated by its ligands (Delta and Jagged in vertebrates and Serrate in invertebrates), the intracellular portion of Notch is cleaved and translocates to the nucleus" SIGNOR-255368 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10116 BTO:0001103 23869758 f "andrea cerquone perpetuini" "IL-6 induced dose-dependent increase in satellite cell proliferation by activating the JAK2/STAT3/cyclin D1 pathway.Treatment with 1 ng/ml IL-6 for 3 h significantly increased p-STAT3+/MyoD+ cell numbers by 44% compared to control media only ." SIGNOR-255415 "BAF250b E3 ligase" complex SIGNOR-C522 SIGNOR "Histone H2B" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF68 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 20086098 t miannu "In the present work, we show that BAF250 associates with elongin C (Elo C), cullin 2 (Cul2), and Roc1 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. BAF250 forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase with Elo B/C, Cul2, and Roc1 that targets histone H2B. H2B-Ub has been shown to be required for transcriptional activation in vitro" SIGNOR-271441 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15769897 t "The serine-threonine kinase Pim-2 is a functionally relevant downstream target of STAT5. Here, we observed only a weak induction of Pim-2 by Flt3-D835Y compared to the effects of Flt3-ITD." SIGNOR-261543 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17183360 t lperfetto "Rela is phosphorylated at: ser276 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac), msk1 and msk2; at ser311 by the atypical pkczeta; at ser468 by ikkbeta, ikkepsilon and glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta); at ser529 by ck2; and at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1)) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k) msk 1 and 2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as creb, atf1, the nf-kb isoform p65 and stat 1 and 3." SIGNOR-217373 NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT TBX5 protein Q99593 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 15095414 f "Mutation at the potential TBE-B and -C sites, and at the GC box and NKX2.5 sites significantly decreased luciferase activity, suggesting that the GC box and the potential TBE-B, -C, and NKX2.5 sites are functionally important for the activation of the promoter function." SIGNOR-253650 H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C324 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t miannu "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-263721 TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr113 SSFEEDDyESPNDDQ 9606 BTO:0000782 8892604 t lperfetto "Resting lymphocyte kinase (rlk/txk) targets lymphoid adaptor slp-76 in the cooperative activation of interleukin-2 transcription in t-cells. In this study, we report that rlk phosphorylates slp-76 at its n-terminal yesp/yepp sites. A third tyrosine within the amino-terminal region (y145) appears to be the most important for optimal slp-76 function" SIGNOR-44665 Normorphine chemical CHEBI:7633 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258823 FANCG protein O15287 UNIPROT "D1-D2-G-X3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C301 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18212739 t lperfetto "These results argue that FANCG has a role independent of the FA core complex, and we propose that phosphorylation of serine 7 is the signalling event required for forming a discrete complex comprising FANCD1/BRCA2-FANCD2-FANCG-XRCC3 (D1-D2-G-X3). " SIGNOR-263254 2-[4-[3-(6-quinolinylmethyl)-5-triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazinyl]-1-pyrazolyl]ethanol chemical CHEBI:91425 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205968 NANOGP8 protein Q6NSW7 UNIPROT BMP5 protein P22003 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10900 BTO:0000667 23839044 f Luana "Constitutive NanogP8 overexpression in adult L1 mice reduced CD34+α6+ and Lrig-1+ bulge stem cells, impaired keratinocyte migration, and repressed the expression of many stem cell-associated genes, including Bmp5, Fgfr2, Jmjd1a, and Jun." SIGNOR-266089 MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 29378333 t lperfetto "The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) is directed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) specialized in high-level transcription of short DNA templates. Pol III recruitment to tRNA genes is controlled by two general initiation factors, TFIIIB and TFIIIC. |Under stress conditions, tRNA synthesis is negatively regulated by the MAF1 protein, which interacts directly with Pol III." SIGNOR-266198 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT UNG protein P13051 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser64 EPGTPPSsPLSAEQL 9606 BTO:0000812 27875297 t lperfetto "Here we show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) interacts with and phosphorylates UNG2 at Thr60 and that Thr60 phosphorylation requires a Ser64 priming phosphorylation event.|phosphorylation of Thr60 and Ser64 creates a cyclin E/c-Myc-like phosphodegron that promotes polyubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-264886 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser465 SPSVRCSsMS 9534 BTO:0001538 9346908 t lperfetto "Recently, it was demonstrated that Smad2 interacts transiently with and is a direct substrate of the transforming growth factor-_ (TGF-_) type I receptor, T_RI. Phosphorylation sites on smad2 were localized to a carboxyl-terminal fragment containing three serine residues at positions 464, 465, and 467. In this report, we show that T_RI specifically phosphorylates Smad2 on serines 465 and 467.These results indicate that receptor-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 on serines 465 and 467 is required in mammalian cells to permit association with Smad4 and to propagate TGF-_ signals." SIGNOR-236107 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 10200555 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for blebbing, chromatin condensation and dna fragmentation" SIGNOR-66860 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001130 23633519 t lperfetto "Akt is a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays important roles in cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. It is activated after binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates pips) with phosphate groups at positions 3,4 and 3,4,5 on the inositol ring." SIGNOR-236490 FBXW10 protein Q5XX13 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23431138 t miannu "As expected, the SKP1 and CUL1 proteins, subunits of all F-box-containing E3 ligases, were also present in the immune complexes containing FBXO10 and BCL2. To test for FBXO10-induced ubiquitination of BCL2, 293T cells were transduced with retroviral vectors expressing Flag-tagged FBXO10, MYC-tagged BCL2, and HA-tagged ubiquitin, and cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor PS-341 to enhance the detection of ubiquitinated proteins.Together, these data suggest that FBXO10 is a component of a ubiquitin ligase that can target BCL2 protein for degradation." SIGNOR-271935 BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004298 21912613 f miannu "In the present study, we report that regulation of CTCF by extracellular stress signals is dependent upon activations of an oxidative stress-regulated protein Bcl-3. We found that activated Bcl-3 was able to bind to the κB sites identified in the CTCF promoter region. Bcl-3 was activated by UV irradiation to interact with NF-κB p50 by forming a Bcl-3/p50 heterodimer complex. The Bcl-3/p50 complex suppressed CTCF promoter activity to down-regulate CTCF transcription." SIGNOR-253757 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25010901 t gcesareni "Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK) were originally identified as effectors of the RhoA small GTPase" SIGNOR-196740 TBCK protein Q8TEA7 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23977024 f miannu "Depletion of TBCK significantly inhibits cell proliferation, reduces cell size, and disrupts the organization of actin, but not microtubule." SIGNOR-266701 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser133 LPYSPVSsPQSSPRL 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-198138 FAAP24 protein Q9BTP7 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263239 CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 10833263 t llicata "Protein kinase B (PKB) was recently reported to be activated on the phosphorylation of Thr(308) by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase alpha (CaM-kinase kinase alpha), suggesting that PKB was regulated through not only the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway but also the Ca(2+)/calmodulin protein kinase pathway." SIGNOR-250714 ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 14517293 t gcesareni "ActRIIB, and then partners with a type I receptor, either activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4 or ActRIB) or ALK5 (T²RI), to induce phosphorylation of Smad2/Smad3 and activate a TGF-²-like signaling pathway" SIGNOR-235157 alanine smallmolecule CHEBI:16449 ChEBI Ala-tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:17732 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32314272 t miannu "Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (AARS1) gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed class II enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of alanine to the cognate tRNA. AARS1 mutations are frequently responsible for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2N (CMT2N)." SIGNOR-270452 SETBP1 protein Q9Y6X0 UNIPROT HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 22566606 f miannu "Setbp1 activates hoxa9 and hoxa10 expression in myeloid progenitors" SIGNOR-197318 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19185596 f miannu "S protein is a ligand for human TLR2. S protein utilizes toll-like receptor 2(TLR 2) to increase IL-8 production.Our results show that SARS S protein in a soluble form increased IL-8 production through hTLR2 ligand interaction. we have provided evidence that S protein induces IL-8 in PBMC in vitro and in THP-1 cells. The ability of S protein to increase IL-8 mRNA was mediated by activation of NF-κB possibly via TLR2 ligand and could be inhibited by the NF-κB inhibitor TPCK. The ability to detect elevated NF-κB transcription factor activity in the nucleus in response to S protein suggests that this most likely occurs by the mechanism of induction. Moreover increased secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 cytokines indicated that levels of proinflammatory mediators could be enhanced by S protein interaction with monocyte macrophages and could stimulate NK, neutrophil and monocyte migration to the site of infection." SIGNOR-260974 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 7737130 t gcesareni "Stimulation of atf-2-dependent transactivation by genotoxic agents requires the presence of threonines 69 and 71 located in the n-terminal transactivation domain. These sites are the target of p54 and p46 stress-activated protein kinases (sapks) which bind to, and phosphorylate atf-2 in vitro." SIGNOR-32433 MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12912994 t gcesareni "Mekk2 and mekk3 are mapk kinase kinases that bind, phosphorylate and activate mek5." SIGNOR-104637 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT KLC2 protein Q9H0B6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser582 PRMKRASsLNFLNKS 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21725060 t gcesareni "Consistent with phosphorylation of both ser545 and ser582 of klc2 contributing to its 14-3-3 binding, a ser545ala mutant of klc2 could be phosphorylated in vitro by ampk on ser582" SIGNOR-174681 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT LPP protein Q93052 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 22886954 f miannu "Tgf-_1-induced lpp expression dependant on rho kinase during differentiation and migration of bone marrow-derived smooth muscle progenitor cells" SIGNOR-191768 SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15265865 t miannu "Synapsins, a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins, have been demonstrated to regulate the availability of synaptic vesicles for exocytosis by binding to both synaptic vesicles and the actin cytoskeleton in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The interaction between synapsin I and Rab3A was confirmed by photoaffinity labeling experiments on purified synaptic vesicles and by the formation of a chemically cross-linked complex between synapsin I and Rab3A in intact nerve terminals. The data indicate that synapsin I is a novel Rab3 interactor on synaptic vesicles and suggest that the synapsin-Rab3 interaction may participate in the regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking within the nerve terminals." SIGNOR-269181 RCOR1 protein Q9UKL0 UNIPROT REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10449787 t miannu "We show here that CoREST, a newly identified human protein, functions as a corepressor for REST. A single zinc finger motif in REST is required for CoREST interaction. Together, REST and CoREST mediate repression of the type II sodium channel promoter in nonneural cells, and the REST/CoREST complex may mediate long-term repression essential to maintenance of cell identity." SIGNOR-220618 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12510059 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-270132 PRLHR protein P49683 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256694 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp326 YDPEMEEdSYDSFGE -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261744 trametinib chemical CHEBI:75998 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192826 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253424 POU4F1 protein Q01851 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000931 24493753 f miannu "In neuroblastoma ND7 cells, a nuclear interaction between the developmentally regulated transcription factor Brn-3a and AR resulted in a complex which bound to multiple elements within the promoter region of SCN9A (Nav1.7) and upregulated channel expression." SIGNOR-253465 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu66 NLERECMeEKCSFEE 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263690 UBA3 protein Q8TBC4 UNIPROT NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "the NEDD8 E1-activating enzyme (NAE) is a heterodimer of APPBP1 and UBA3 corresponding to the N-terminal and C-terminal of the single polypeptide of the ubiquitin E1 respectively" SIGNOR-242904 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257615 AIMP1 protein Q12904 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18448069 t lpetrilli "Here, we report that aimp1 negatively regulates tgf-? Signaling via stabilization of smurf2." SIGNOR-178498 "(4S)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid O5-[3-(4,4-diphenyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl] ester O3-methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:103931 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258464 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18647246 f miannu "NOD2, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the adapter protein receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) are induced by tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B." SIGNOR-252407 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR WDR59 protein Q6PJI9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271115 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887 17688959 f lperfetto "Most importantly, we report that shh induces mapk/erk and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-dependent akt phosphorylation and that activation of both signaling pathways is essential for shh's signaling in muscle cells. However, the effect of shh on akt phosphorylation is more robust than that on mapk/erk, and data suggest that shh influences these pathways in a manner similar to igf-i." SIGNOR-244446 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT OLIG2 protein Q13516 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 NBK6142 f SimoneGraziosi "Therefore, Gli2 activity regulates the late phase of Olig2 gene expression in the ventral neuroepithelium and its subsequent production of OPC cells." SIGNOR-269219 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27856324 f irozzo "Previously, we found that MLL-AF4 binds to the BCL-2 gene and directly activates it through DOT1L recruitment and increased H3K79me2/3 levels. MLL-AF4 directly controls the active transcription of both BCL-2 and MCL-1 […]. Of all the BCL-2 family members, only BCL-2 and MCL-1 are directly activated by MLL-AF4." SIGNOR-255880 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11005864 t lperfetto "Study of t cells from a fyn-deficient tcr transgenic mouse also showed that fyn was required for tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of vav induced by both antagonist and agonist peptides." SIGNOR-82287 PD173074 chemical CHEBI:63448 ChEBI FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205728 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT ZNF692 protein Q9BU19 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser470 VAAHRSKsHPALLLA 9606 SIGNOR-C15 17097062 t gcesareni "Arebp is phosphorylated at ser(470) by ampk. Phosphorylation reduces the dna-binding activity of arebp." SIGNOR-150590 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CTDP1 protein Q9Y5B0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser575 AGESLDQsMEEEEEE 9606 BTO:0000567 12591939 t llicata "We found that only phosphorylated FCP1 can physically interact with TFIIF. We set out to purify an FCP1 kinase from HeLa cells and identified casein kinase 2, which, surprisingly, displayed a negative effect on FCP1-associated activities.| Phosphorylation of FCP1 by CK2 Inhibits the Transcription Elongation Activity of FCP1. | Two in vivo phosphorylation sites within the C terminus of FCP1 at Ser-575 and Ser-740 were identified" SIGNOR-250844 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTGES3 protein Q15185 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser113 WKDWEDDsDEDMSNF 9606 15040786 t gcesareni "Several lines of evidence suggest that a cpges-activating protein kinase is ck-ii (casein kinase ii). Recombinant cpges was phosphorylated directly by and associated with ck-ii in vitro, resulting in marked reduction of the k m for the substrate pgh2." SIGNOR-123594 "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR BID protein P55957 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22492984 f gcesareni "Exposure to stress results in the induction of bh3-only proteins, which neutralise the pro-survival proteins" SIGNOR-196944 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser280 TVHGLPTsPDRPGST 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000801 17095509 t gcesareni "We found that in these cells, lipopolysaccharide stimulates the expression of mhc ii genes via the activation of erk1/2, which is mediated by toll-like receptor 4. Erk1/2 then phosphorylates the serine at position 357, which is located in a degron of ciita isoform 1 that leads to its monoubiquitylation." SIGNOR-150545 "Histone H2B" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF68 SIGNOR RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19203578 t gcesareni "Rnf168 is recruited to sites of dna damage by binding to ubiquitylated histone h2a." SIGNOR-265372 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser186 RQRKRHKsDSISLSF 9606 11504915 t lperfetto "Mitogen-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3-kinase) and its downstream target, the akt/pkb serine-threonine kinase, results in phosphorylation of mdm2 on serine 166 and serine 186. Phosphorylation on these sites is necessary for translocation of mdm2 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.Both akt expression and serum treatment induced phosphorylation of mdm2 at ser186." SIGNOR-244292 OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT TET1 protein Q8NFU7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation 9606 BTO:0002181 23729667 t irozzo "The DNA demethylation enzyme Tet1 interacts with Ogt and is O-GlcNAcylated. Tet1 protein stability is positively regulated by O-GlcNAcylation, and its repression function on targeting genes is dependent on Ogt." SIGNOR-259184 CAMP protein P49913 UNIPROT FPR2 protein P25090 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000876 11015447 t gcesareni "Ll-37 may contribute to innate and adaptive immunity by recruiting neutrophils, monocytes, and t cells to sites of microbial invasion by interacting with fprl1." SIGNOR-82701 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr217 PSEYQNMtVDILCND 9606 23603988 t lperfetto "We showed that cdk9 phosphorylates pirh2 on ser-211 and thr-217 residues through their physical interaction. Phosphorylation of pirh2 renders it inactive and may contribute to p53-inhibition of transcriptional elongation of the hiv-1 ltr." SIGNOR-201927 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1920 SPTYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120244 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys377 NEPSLQSkLQDEANY 9606 18570872 t amattioni "In this report, we show that ciap1 and ciap2 promote cancer cell survival by functioning as e3 ubiquitin ligases that maintain constitutive ubiquitination of the rip1 adaptor protein." SIGNOR-179104 STK26 protein Q9P289 UNIPROT ASAP3 protein Q8TDY4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr545 HRFARRCtPEPQRLW 9606 BTO:0000007 28808054 t lperfetto "Here we show that MST4 phosphorylates ACAP4, an ARF6 GTPase-activating protein, at Thr545|Significantly, phosphorylation of Thr545 enables ACAP4 to interact with ezrin. Given the location of Thr545 between the GTPase-activating protein domain and the first ankyrin repeat, we reason that MST4 phosphorylation elicits a conformational change that enables ezrin-ACAP4 interaction." SIGNOR-272238 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser130 SGEQAEGsPGGPGDS 9606 16508017 t gcesareni "Here, we show that p21cip1 is associated with k cyclin both in overexpression models and in primary effusion lymphoma cells and is a substrate of the k cyclin/cdk6 complex, resulting in phosphorylation of p21cip1 on serine 130. This phosphoform of p21cip1 appeared unable to associate with cdk2 in vivo." SIGNOR-144832 ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT HYOU1 protein Q9Y4L1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001088 20861013 f miannu "We recently found that in cultured gastric cells, expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones (such as 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78)) is induced by NSAIDs and confers protection against NSAID-induced apoptosis, which is important in the development of NSAID-induced gastric lesions. In this study we have found that co-culture of gastric cells with H. pylori suppresses the expression of ER chaperones. This suppression was regulated at the level of transcription and accompanied by a reduction in the level of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), one of the transcription factors for ER chaperone genes." SIGNOR-253752 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1064 KTVNESAsLRERIEF -1 7926007 t lperfetto "Identification of serines-1035/1037 in the kinase domain of the insulin receptor as protein kinase C alpha mediated phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-248906 RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 21983342 t miannu "Here, we identified RNF4 as the ubiquitin E3 ligase of Sp1. From in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that sumoylated Sp1 can recruit RNF4 as a ubiquitin E3 ligase that subjects sumoylated Sp1 to proteasomal degradation. " SIGNOR-272720 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15861399 f miannu "AR homodimers recruit a panoply of factors including coactivators and mediator proteins whose enzymatic activities promote chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation of target genes leading to cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation" SIGNOR-251538 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT HNRNPC protein P07910 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser299 EGEDDRDsANGEDDS 9606 15687492 t gcesareni "In contrast, hnRNP-C1 that was also modified at the CK1alpha phosphorylation sites exhibited a 14-500-fold decrease in binding affinity, demonstrating that CK1alpha-mediated phosphorylation modulates the mRNA binding ability of hnRNP-C." SIGNOR-133536 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10520600 t gcesareni "These results indicate that the two Hes genes are essential effectors for the Notch pathway and that neuronal differentiation is controlled by the pathway Notch-Hes1/Hes5-|Mash1." SIGNOR-71168 N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-[(2R,6S)-5,12-dioxo-2-phenyl-1-oxa-4-azacyclododec-8-en-6-yl]acetamide chemical CHEBI:94175 ChEBI SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001253 19151731 t gcesareni "More recently, robotnikinin was identified as a compound that binds to shh and blocks its ability to induce pathway activity at the level of ptch." SIGNOR-183465 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258759 ATP2A1 protein O14983 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9986 28487373 t lperfetto "SERCA1, the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase of skeletal muscle, is essential for muscle relaxation and maintenance of low resting Ca2+ levels in the myoplasm." SIGNOR-265928 ZIC1 protein Q15915 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002181 11238441 f fspada "Moreover, gli proteins were translocated to cell nuclei by coexpressed zic proteins, and both proteins regulated each others transcriptional activity.In Nih3t3 and 293t cells, both gli1 and gli3 proteins were located predominantly in the cytoplasm (fig. 2, c, d, h, k, l, and p). Coexpression of zic1 resulted in gli1 and gli3 proteins being translocated to the nucleus in varying levels (fig. 2, e and m)." SIGNOR-105494 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 19889641 t lperfetto "Polo-like kinase (plk) family (plk1, plk2, and plk3) phosphorylate alpha-syn and beta-syn specifically at ser-129 and ser-118, respectively. Polo-like kinase 2 (plk2) phosphorylates alpha-synuclein at serine 129 in central nervous system. The membrane association of pd-linked mutant alpha -synuclein, but not wild-type -synuclein, was increased by serine 129 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-189053 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser725 CLSSERMsLPLLAGG 9606 BTO:0000007 15987997 t miannu "Phosphorylation and stabilization of HURP by Aurora-A. Four phosphorylated residues were identified, namely, HURP-S627, -S725, -S757, and -S830, with 65% amino acid sequence coverage. we propose here that Aurora-A may phosphorylate HURP and this probably attenuates the negative impact of cdk1 phosphorylation and by inhibiting subsequent proteasome activity and this will generate a longer HURP half-life." SIGNOR-262650 ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17243894 f miannu "On most principal neurons in the mammalian brain (e.g., pyramidal neurons of cortex and hippocampus, Purkinje cells of cerebellum, medium spiny neurons of striatum), the postsynaptic specialization is housed on tiny actin rich protrusions called dendritic spines The size, shape, motility, and stability of dendritic spines depend largely on actin, the primary cytoskeleton within spines." SIGNOR-264618 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser170 PSALNRTsSDSALHT 9606 21892142 t lperfetto "Collectively, these findings suggest ampk suppresses glucose production through two transcriptional effects:reduced expression of creb targets via crtc inactivation and reduced expression of foxo target genes via class iia hdac inactivation" SIGNOR-216541 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 20887952 t "The results presented above demonstrate a signal-dependent interaction between p38a, YY1, and EZH2 on the chromatin of the Pax7 regulatory elements that coincides with p38-mediated repression of Pax7 at early stages of myoblast differentiation." SIGNOR-253598 PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22260161 f apalma "We have previously shown that PER2 is a downstream CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-target gene, and its disruption might be involved in the initiation and progression of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)" SIGNOR-256370 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT RELN protein P78509 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19029285 f miannu "induction of the reelin and GAD67 mRNAs is accompanied by the dissociation of repressor complexes containing all three DNMTs, MeCP2, and HDAC1 from the corresponding promoters and by increased local histone acetylation." SIGNOR-254578 EFNA3 protein P52797 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "Eph receptors are activated by their ligands, which are membrane-anchored molecules" SIGNOR-52315 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr416 EANSRCQtPIKMKPN 9606 BTO:0000007 23241245 t "Here, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of EZH2 by cyclin-dependent kinases at Thr416 creates a docking site for the ForkHead-associated domain of NIPP1." SIGNOR-255656 (S)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:40751 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258452 MPO-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C474 SIGNOR Neutrophil_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH211 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000133 2161532 f lperfetto "ANCA cause normal human neutrophils to undergo an oxidative burst and degranulate. Both ANCA phenotypes (i.e., cytoplasmic-pattern ANCA and myeloperoxidase-specific ANCA) induce neutrophil activation." SIGNOR-270583 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256797 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000142 10226025 t acerquone "We have partially purified a kinase from brain extract that phosphorylates Ser473 of PKBalpha in a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent manner and that is immunoprecipitated with PDK1 antibodies." SIGNOR-67367 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr742 HMVQTNHyQVSGYPG 9606 BTO:0000195 17289681 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P34152-3" gcesareni "We propose that fak/c-src bipartite enzyme is a sensor of cytoplasmic shrinkage, and that the phosphorylation on fak tyr-861 by src and subsequent reorganization of f-actin can initiate an anti-apoptotic signaling pathway that protects cells from hyperosmotic stress." SIGNOR-152967 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 SIGNOR-C83 10428798 t gcesareni "Within er af-1, serines 104, 106, and 118 represent potential cdk phosphorylation sites, and in this current study, we ascertain their importance in mediating cyclin a-cdk2-dependent enhancement of er transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-69710 DPP6 protein P42658 UNIPROT KCND2 protein Q9NZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 8355 BTO:0000964 17130523 t Luisa "DPPX-S reduced energy barriers of the voltage-dependent transitions; therefore, this auxiliary subunit may exert a catalytic effect on voltage-dependent gating of Kv4.2 channels. DPPX-S may also accelerate coupled inactivation indirectly" SIGNOR-269005 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266508 SEPTIN7 protein Q16181 UNIPROT CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18460473 t lperfetto "These findings reveal a key role for the SEPT7-CENP-E interaction in the distribution of CENP-E to the kinetochore and achieving chromosome alignment. We propose that SEPT7 forms a link between kinetochore distribution of CENP-E and the mitotic spindle checkpoint." SIGNOR-252040 GNB5 protein O14775 UNIPROT ADCY5 protein O95622 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004032 21303898 t miannu "The D2-class dopamine receptors (D2, D3, and D4) couple to the Gi/o family of G proteins and thus induce inhibition of AC" SIGNOR-264998 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr410 GVVDSGVyAVPPPAE 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Five tyrosine phosphorylation sites were identified in p130cas on tyr-128, tyr-249, tyr-306, tyr-327, and tyr-410. These tyrosine residues are all located in the substrate domain of p130cas that mediates binding to the sh2 domain of the adaptor molecule crk. Fgf-1-transduced fibroblasts demonstrated a > 10-fold increase in migration, an observation correlated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p125fak and p130cas." SIGNOR-98569 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CABYR protein O75952 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser155 KTTTPPSsPPPTAVS -1 15752768 t "GSK3β interacts with and phosphorylates CABYR in vitro. GSK3β interacts with and phosphorylates CABYR in vitro. the functional extent of the CABYR phosphorylation sites to participate in cellular processes through GSK3β remains to be investigated." SIGNOR-251223 GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT ARHGEF1 protein Q92888 UNIPROT up-regulates "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 9641915 t gcesareni "The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (gef) for rho, p115 rhogef, has an amino-terminal region with similarity to rgs proteins. Recombinant p115 rhogef and a fusion protein containing the amino terminus of p115 had specific activity as gtpase activating proteins toward the alpha subunits of the g proteins g12 and g13, but not toward members of the gs, gi, or gq subfamilies of galpha proteins. This gef may act as an intermediary in the regulation of rho proteins by g13 and g12." SIGNOR-58413 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr108 SPRAWRRPtIESHHVAI 10116 10187789 t "In vitro, CaMKK is phosphorylated by PKA and this is associated with inhibition of enzyme activity. The major site of phosphorylation is threonine 108, although additional sites are phosphorylated with lower efficiency." SIGNOR-256115 DLD protein P09622 UNIPROT "Glycine cleavage system" complex SIGNOR-C437 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16051266 t lperfetto "The glycine cleavage system is a mitochondrial multienzyme system composed of four proteins termed P, H, T and L-protein, and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-H4folate), and reduced pyridine nucleotide." SIGNOR-268243 AVPR1B protein P47901 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257063 "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR NcRNA_processing phenotype SIGNOR-PH95 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26220997 f lperfetto " In vivo knockdown and rescue experiments confirmed that the 3′ end processing of HVS pre-miRNAs also depends on Integrator activity. Interaction between Integrator and HVS primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) substrates that contain only the miRNA 3′ box was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and an in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA)" SIGNOR-261475 UNC5A protein Q6ZN44 UNIPROT PICK1 protein Q9NRD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003036 16554470 t miannu "Recently, our laboratory showed that UNC5A is coimmunoprecipitated with PICK1 and PKCα. Moreover, we demonstrated that the association of PKCα with UNC5A depends on the activation of PKCα and the ability of UNC5A to bind PICK1" SIGNOR-268181 IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 16699525 t lperfetto "Similarly, exogenous expression of wild-type Pin1 suppressed TLR3-mediated, IRF3-dependent activation of the IFN-beta promoter and reduced IFN-beta secretion in culture supernatants" SIGNOR-252257 FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256916 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT TIAM1 protein Q13009 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000785 23074268 t gcesareni "This latter work suggested that inactive smo prevents rac1 activation by interacting with the rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (gef) t-lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (tiam1). This smo-tiam1 complex dissociates upon shh-mediated activation of smo, thus allowing tiam1 to activate rac1" SIGNOR-199192 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1910 TPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203588 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 19767751 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "These results indicate that phosphorylation of nup153 and nup214 by erk strongly reduces their affinity for importin-. nup153 depletion caused a strong inhibition of nuclear accumulation of gfp?importin-beta in both erk-inhibited and erk-activated cells (fig. 8b,c), indicating that nup153 is essential for the efficient importin-beta transport." SIGNOR-270159 EAPP protein Q56P03 UNIPROT MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20980443 f miannu "we identified two novel transcriptional repressors of MAO B, E2F-associated phosphoprotein (EAPP) and R1 (RAM2/CDCA7L/JPO2), that down-regulate MAO B via MAO B core promoter, which contains Sp1 sites." SIGNOR-253867 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT CDC42BPA protein Q5VT25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9418861 t lperfetto "Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase acts as a Cdc42 effector in promoting cytoskeletal reorganization|MRCK alpha and Cdc42V12 colocalize, particularly at the cell periphery in transfected HeLa cells. Microinjection of plasmid encoding MRCK alpha resulted in actin and myosin reorganization." SIGNOR-262593 "BRCA1-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C296 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR down-regulates 25400280 f lperfetto "Intriguingly, another BRCA1 complex, the BRCA1–A complex, which itself contains RAP80 along with MERIT40, BRCC36/45 and Abraxas, has been reported to inhibit DNA end resection, suggesting that, in some contexts, BRCA1 may function to limit and/or prevent over resection of DNA breaks." SIGNOR-263226 UFL1 protein O94874 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 30886146 t lperfetto "UFM1 specific ligase 1 (UFL1), an ufmylation E3 ligase, is important for ATM activation. UFL1 is recruited to double strand breaks by the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex, and monoufmylates histone H4 following DNA damage." SIGNOR-265073 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 12588998 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-98289 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15922020 t "Activation of receptors coupled to inhibitory G proteins (Galpha i/o) has opposing consequences for cyclic AMP accumulation and the activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, depending on the duration of stimulation. Acute activation inhibits the activity of adenylate cyclase, thereby attenuating cyclic AMP accumulation; in contrast, persistent activation of Galpha i/o-coupled receptors produces a paradoxical enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity, thus increasing cyclic AMP accumulation when the action of the inhibitory receptor is terminated." SIGNOR-256532 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21210296 f gcesareni "Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane allows the leakage of at least five apoptotic mediators from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, such as cyt c, (diablo/diablo), htra2/omi, apoptosis-inducing factors (aif), and endonuclease g. Such modifications result in their activation and translocation to outer mitochondrial membrane (omm) which helps it to interact with multidomain pro-apototic members, bax/baklike proteins, leading to their oligomerization and formation of pore." SIGNOR-170963 "Class I MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C426 SIGNOR TCR complex SIGNOR-C153 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31001252 t scontino "The interaction of T-cell receptors (TCRs) with self- and non-self-peptides in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) stimulates crucial signaling events, which in turn can activate T lymphocytes." SIGNOR-267993 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 20231902 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates mst2 at thr117 in vitro and in vivo, which leads to mst2 cleavage and kinase activity as well as nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-269937 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 12530968 f "�The present data provide a direct link between insulin signaling through Irs _ PI 3-kinase _ Akt and adipogenesis through Foxo1 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Foxo1 via phosphorylation appears to be required during the clonal expansion phase, and our data show that unrestrained Foxo1 activity prevents terminal differentiation." SIGNOR-254981 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr306 TTRLKEYtIKSHSSL 9606 15611134 t lperfetto "Zipk autophosphorylates in vitrowe have identified six phosphorylation sites in zipk that regulate both its enzyme activity and localization, including thr180, thr225, thr265, thr299, thr306, and ser311" SIGNOR-132475 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-266331 TGFA protein P01135 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252281 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258546 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp403 WRDPDQTdGLGLSYL 9606 9671712 t miannu "We showed that human gelsolin was cleaved during Fas-mediated apoptosis in vivo and that the caspase-3 cleavage site of human gelsolin was at D352 of DQTD352G. gelsolin seems to have dual functions, i.e., it both prevents and, once cleaved, induces cell death." SIGNOR-256433 HSPA9 protein P38646 UNIPROT MVD protein P53602 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 12646231 t miannu "Mortalin binds to mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxyl ase in mammalian cell. Mot-2 inactivates MPD resulting in decreased amounts of the steady state Ras protein." SIGNOR-265890 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1616 TPQSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248734 NAA35 protein Q5VZE5 UNIPROT NatC complex SIGNOR-C417 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19398576 t miannu "We here identify and characterize the human NatC (hNatC) complex, containing the catalytic subunit hMak3 and the auxiliary subunits hMak10 and hMak31. This complex associates with ribosomes, and hMak3 acetylates Met-Leu protein N termini in vitro, suggesting a model in which the human NatC complex functions in cotranslational N-terminal acetylation." SIGNOR-267234 ELOVL3 protein Q9HB03 UNIPROT 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267893 ACTR5 protein Q9H9F9 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270850 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16628196 f miannu "SOCS1, which is another inducible gene, not only blocks STAT1 activation but also inhibits STAT1-dependent TLR3, IRF-7, and MIP-1α." SIGNOR-255229 CYP11B1 protein P15538 UNIPROT cortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:17650 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000050 9814482 t lperfetto "Recombinant CYP11B genes encode enzymes that can catalyze conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol, 18-hydroxycortisol, and 18-oxocortisol." SIGNOR-268678 POFUT1 protein Q9H488 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12909620 t Fucosylation gcesareni "Notch_ is modified in its epidermal growth factor-like domains by the addition of_ fucose_ to serine or threonine residues. O-fucosylation is mediated by protein o-fucosyltransferase 1 and down-regulation of this enzyme by rna interference or mutation of the ofut1 gene in drosophila or by mutation of the pofut1 gene in mouse prevents notch signaling." SIGNOR-104627 PDZD11 protein Q5EBL8 UNIPROT TSPAN33 protein Q86UF1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003618 30463011 t Simone "Using cell biological and biochemical methods, we now show that ADAM10 is docked to junctions by its transmembrane partner Tspan33, whose cytoplasmic C terminus binds to the WW domain of PLEKHA7 in the presence of PDZD11. The PLEKHA7-PDZD11 Complex Clusters ADAM10 at Junctions through Tspan33" SIGNOR-261252 CD36 protein P16671 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "There are many naturally occurring proteins that can inhibit angiogenesis, including angiostatin, endostatin, interferon, platelet factor 4, thorombospondin, prolactin 16 kd fragment, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3" SIGNOR-252270 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257675 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser272 EEPSPLPsPTASPNH -1 11113134 t llicata "Amphiphysin is phosphorylated by cdk5 in a region including serines 272, 276, and 285. Amphiphysin 1 is also phosphorylated by the cdc2/cyclin B kinase complex in the same region and undergoes mitotic phosphorylation in dividing cells. " SIGNOR-250644 RAD50 protein Q92878 UNIPROT RINT1 protein Q6NUQ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004784 16600870 t lperfetto "We propose that p130, forming a complex with Rad50 through RINT-1, blocks telomerase-independent telomere lengthening in normal cells. " SIGNOR-265030 S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 32125455 t miannu "SARS-CoV and likely SARS-CoV-2 lead to downregulation of the ACE2 receptor, but not ACE, through binding of the spike protein with ACE2. This leads to viral entry and replication, as well as severe lung injury." SIGNOR-260742 S protein P59594 UNIPROT ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 18554741 t miannu "Cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is mediated by the viral spike (S) protein. Amino acids 319-510 on the S protein have been mapped as the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which mediates binding to the SARS-CoV receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on SARS-CoV susceptible cells. Here, we demonstrate that the RBD spike protein alone can be internalized together with ACE2. We propose that after binding to ACE2, the RBD spike protein activates the ACE2 mediated cellular endocytosis signal pathway, by which SARS-CoV enters the susceptible cells." SIGNOR-260283 MAP3K2 protein Q9Y2U5 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 11343802 t lperfetto "Both mekk2 and mekk3 are able to activate the jun kinase pathway in vivo. However, following routine immunoprecipitation in triton x-100, mekk2 but not mekk3 is able to effectively phosphorylate both sek-1 and mek-1 and to undergo autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-107695 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY7 protein P51828 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-204246 DLG3 protein Q92796 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization BTO:0000227 32904533 t lperfetto "DLG3 plays a critical role in clustering of NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses." SIGNOR-266009 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT IREB2 protein P48200 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003781 15777842 t miannu "We show here that IRP2 can interact with pVHL in co-transfection/co-immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, pVHL is able to promote the ubiquitination and the decay of transfected IRP2." SIGNOR-271421 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000018 22789539 f miannu "Nrf2 is a master transcriptional activator of cytoprotective genes. It activates transcription in response to electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Itoh et al., 1997, Uruno and Motohashi, 2011). Under normal conditions, Nrf2 is constantly ubiquitinated by Keap1 and degraded by the proteasome. Exposure to the stimuli inactivates Keap1 and stabilizes Nrf2." SIGNOR-267353 NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16697957 t miannu "Whereas androgen receptor (AR) positively regulates NKX3.1 expression, NKX3.1 negatively modulates AR transcription and consequently the AR-associated signaling events." SIGNOR-251547 antigen smallmolecule CHEBI:59132 ChEBI BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The recognition of antigen by the BCR initiates BCR signaling cascade." SIGNOR-268203 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT PDE6G protein P18545 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr62 PGMEGLGtDITVICP 9606 BTO:0000007 11502744 t "Rod PDEγ is predominantly phosphorylated by GRK2 at the Thr-62. GRK2 is required for the stimulatory effect of rod PDEγ on both the EGF- and thrombin-dependent activation of p42/p44 MAPK" SIGNOR-251459 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 2861485 t gcesareni "Here, we identify ck1 and ck2 as major kinases that directly bind to and phosphorylate lef-1 inducing distinct, kinase-specific changes in the lef-1/dna complex.CK1-dependent phosphorylation inhibits, whereas ck2 activates lef-1/beta-catenin transcriptional activity in reporter gene assays." SIGNOR-23958 S protein P59594 UNIPROT ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14670965 t miannu "The coronavirus spike (S) protein mediates infection of receptor-expressing host cells and is a critical target for antiviral neutralizing antibodies. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a functional receptor for the coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV) that causes SARS. Here we demonstrate that a 193-amino acid fragment of the S protein (residues 318-510) bound ACE2 more efficiently than did the full S1 domain (residues 12-672). Smaller S protein fragments, expressing residues 327-510 or 318-490, did not detectably bind ACE2." SIGNOR-260216 S protein P59594 UNIPROT ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 16988814 t miannu "In acute lung injury, such as acid aspiration, pneumonia, or sepsis, the generation of ANG II from ANG I is enhanced by ACE, and ANG II induces acute lung failure through stimulation of the AT1 receptor, while ACE2 and ANG II type 2 receptor negatively regulate this pathway and protect from acute lung failure. On the other hand, SARS-CoV infection is mediated through binding of the SARS-Spike protein to ACE2 or L-SIGN and down-regulates the protective molecule ACE2, and thus leads to severe lung injury and acute lung failure" SIGNOR-260291 NLGN4X protein Q8N0W4 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264150 BAZ1B protein Q9UIG0 UNIPROT WICH complex SIGNOR-C449 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16603771 t miannu "We show here that the WICH complex (WSTF-SNF2h) interacts with several nuclear proteins as follows: Sf3b155/SAP155, RNA helicase II/Gualpha, Myb-binding protein 1a, CSB, the proto-oncogene Dek, and nuclear myosin 1 in a large 3-MDa assembly, B-WICH, during active transcription. Our results show that a WSTF-SNF2h assembly is involved in RNA polymerase III transcription, and we suggest that WSTF-SNF2h-NM1 forms a platform in transcription while providing chromatin remodeling." SIGNOR-268828 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5‚Ä≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-267515 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271579 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser407 SSSIIYSsQEDVKEF 9606 BTO:0002552 14654783 t lperfetto "We found that a major kinase responsible for s407 phosphorylation is atrs407 phosphorylation of mdm2 by atr reduces mdm2-dependent export of p53 from nuclei to cytoplasm." SIGNOR-119546 Nalmefene chemical CHEBI:7457 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258811 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 10747851 t miannu "Recent evidence indicates that SOCS1 interacts with elongins B and C, which are components of a ubiquitin ligase complex, VCB (VHL/elonginC/B), based on the VHL (von Hippel Lindau) tumor suppressor protein." SIGNOR-272564 CTF1 protein Q16619 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12859689 f miannu "CT-1 exerted these effects by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase, GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH) and NE transporter mRNAs, while IL-6 lowered only GCH mRNA." SIGNOR-252219 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21808241 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Activation of mst1/2 leads to phosphorylation and activation of their direct substrates, lats1/2." SIGNOR-269862 CTTNBP2 protein Q8WZ74 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000938 22262902 t miannu "Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching further suggested that CTTNBP2 modulates the mobility of cortactin in neurons. CTTNBP2 may thus help to immobilize cortactin in dendritic spines and control the density of dendritic spines." SIGNOR-269703 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11007482 t "Galphas and Galphai similarly modulate Hck, another member of Src-family tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-256528 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT GAD1 protein Q99259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr91 RDARFRRtETDFSNL -1 15147202 t lperfetto "We have identified one specific phosphorylation site, threonine 91 (T91), in hGAD67 that can be phosphorylated by PKA using MALDI-TOF. Site-directed mutation of T91 to alanine abolished PKA-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of GAD activity." SIGNOR-249264 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser159 LLRERKSsAPSHSSQ 9606 11782427 t lperfetto "Pkb constitutively associates with gab2, phosphorylates gab2 on a consensus phosphorylation site, ser159, in vitro and inhibits gab2 tyrosine phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252468 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 SIGNOR-C83 17015473 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of aml1, particularly at serines 276 and 303, affects its transcriptional activation. Here, we report that phosphorylation of aml1 serines 276 and 303 can be blocked in vivo by inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) cdk1 and cdk2. Furthermore, these residues can be phosphorylated in vitro by purified cdk1/cyclin b and cdk2/cyclin a." SIGNOR-149976 YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23230147 t miannu "These results suggest the important role of 14-3-3 in the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly, and in the capacity to prevent the formation of NF-L aggregates. all seven isoforms specifically interacted with NF-L, but not NF-M or NF-H. specific interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with phosphorylated NF-L subunits also indicated the role of 14-3-3 and NF-L phosphorylation in the disassembly of neurofilaments. What is more, binding of 14-3-3 to phosphorylated NF-L subunits may prevent the dephosphorylation of these subunits by phosphatases, maintaining the hyperphosphorylation state of the subunits, which facilitates the disassembly of neurofilaments." SIGNOR-252397 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 8387505 t lperfetto "The pp90rsk phosphothreonine content paralleled the ERK1 activity more closely than the phosphoserine level. These results provide compelling evidence that in fibroblasts and PC12 cells ERK1 plays a direct role in the phosphorylation of pp90rsk and that pp90rsk represents a physiologically relevant substrate of extracellular-regulated kinases" SIGNOR-252762 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Pro-tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29154 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270430 TOMM40 protein O96008 UNIPROT "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18331822 t lperfetto "The fungal preprotein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex) comprises import receptors Tom70, Tom20, and Tom22, import channel Tom40, and small Tom proteins Tom5, Tom6, and Tom7, which regulate TOM complex assembly. These components are conserved in mammals; unlike the other components, however, Tom5 and Tom6 remain unidentified in mammals. We immuno-isolated the TOM complex from HeLa cells expressing hTom22-FLAG and identified the human counterparts of Tom5 and Tom6, together with the other components including Tom7. These small Tom proteins are associated with Tom40 in the TOM complex." SIGNOR-267681 N-[3-[[5-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-morpholin-4-ylanilino)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]propyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide chemical CID:44465558 PUBCHEM TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 BTO:0001413 23099093 t Federica "We herein describe the development of a novel series of 2,4-diamino-5-cyclopropyl pyrimidines as potent inhibitors of TBK1/IKKɛ, with improved kinase selectivity and drug-like properties." SIGNOR-261109 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr197 GTFKMVFtPKDGSGV 34929314 t lperfetto "During the cell cycle S phase, Cyclin A-CDK2 phosphorylates IDH1 on its Threonine 157 residue (Threonine 197 in IDH2) to facilitate its recognition and ubiquitination by Skp2 E3 ubiquitin, followed by degradation through 26S proteasome" SIGNOR-267622 PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT "arachidonic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15843 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 6810878 t acerquone "Alternatively, a phospholipase a2 may indeed deacylate the phosphatidylinositol, but the point of debate here is whether deacylation constitutes a significant component of the arachidonate liberation." SIGNOR-25633 TRIM22 protein Q8IYM9 UNIPROT TRIM22 protein Q8IYM9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18656448 t miannu " Importantly, TRIM22 was conjugated with poly-ubiquitin chains and stabilized by the proteasome inhibitor in 293T cells, suggesting that TRIM22 targeted itself for proteasomal degradation through the poly-ubiquitylation. We also found that TRIM22 was located in the nucleus, indicating that TRIM22 might function as a nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-271780 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT KCNA3 protein P22001 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr162 SFDAILYyYQSGGRI 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000671 19166614 t gcesareni "Previously we have shown that acute brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) activation of neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase b (trkb) suppresses the shaker voltage-gated potassium channel (kv1.3) via phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues in the n and c terminal aspects of the channel protein." SIGNOR-183519 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT BUB3 protein O43684 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 11402067 t lperfetto "Spindle checkpoint protein Bub1 is required for kinetochore localization of Mad1, Mad2, Bub3, and CENP-E, independently of its kinase activity" SIGNOR-252019 "Class II MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C429 SIGNOR Helper_T-lymphocyte_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH196 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31810556 f scontino "Once they are formed, peptide/MHC class II molecules complexes are very stable and allow for sustained antigen presentation increasing the chances to encounter the matching CD4+ T lymphocytes. Once CD4+ T cells have become acti- vated, they in turn trigger macrophages to eliminate pathogens that have been previously internalized, and B lymphocytes to produce pathogen- specific antibodies." SIGNOR-267874 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 8250835 f gcesareni "The results suggest that ser-9 phosphorylation underlies the reported gsk3 beta inhibition by insulin and that gsk3 may represent a point of convergence of two major growth-factor-stimulated protein kinase cascades." SIGNOR-37220 RASGEF1C protein Q8N431 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-161505 THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-269851 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257613 EID1 protein Q9Y6B2 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 11073989 t lperfetto "Here, we show that EID-1 is a potent inhibitor of differentiation and link this activity to its ability to inhibit p300 (and the highly related molecule, CREB-binding protein, or CBP) histone acetylation activity." SIGNOR-253379 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr989 VPSSRGDyMTMQMSC 10116 BTO:0000443 7651388 t lperfetto "All known IRS proteins contain multiple YXXM motifs that upon phosphorylation by activated insulin receptors A previous study using phosphopeptides suggested that tyrosine-phosphorylated YXXM motifs at positions 608 and 939 in rat IRS-1 bind with high affinity to SH2 domains of p85, and motifs at positions 460 and 987 bind with lower affinity (10)." SIGNOR-235979 AT9283 chemical CID:11696609 PUBCHEM JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190017 PPP1R15A protein O75807 UNIPROT PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27629041 t miannu "Dephosphorylation of eIF2α is central to ISR signal termination to restore protein synthesis and normal cell functioning 15. It is mediated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex that recruits a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) and one of the two regulatory subunits. In mammals, phosphatase activity is regulated by either PPP1R15A (also known as growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible protein, GADD34), which is induced as part of the ISR. the GADD34–PP1 complex acts as an important negative feedback loop to restore protein synthesis once the ER stress has been resolved, and as such aids in cell survival" SIGNOR-260174 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser319 TFRPRTSsNASTISG 9606 11237865 t lperfetto "The transcription factor, forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR), is phosphorylated at three amino acid residues (Thr-24, Ser-256 and Ser-319) by protein kinase b (PKB)alpha. FKHR (forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma), AFX (all1 fused gene from chromosome x) and FKHRL1 (FKHR-like 1) are phosphorylated directly by PKB in cells, preventing them from stimulating gene transcription and leading to their exit from the nucleus." SIGNOR-105459 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1387 GRCPSDPyKHSLPSQ -1 10195142 t lperfetto "To gain further insight into the roles of Src and Fyn in the phosphorylation and regulation of the NMDA receptor, we have characterized the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src and FynIn the case of NR2A, three potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been proposed: Tyr1105, Tyr1267 and Tyr1387 (Zheng et al. 1998; Bi et al. 2000), all of which are similarly located in the C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-247159 AT-406 chemical CID:25022340 PUBCHEM BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189957 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 23268447 t miannu " Here, we show that checkpoint with Forkhead-associated (FHA) and RING finger domain protein (CHFR), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is recruited to DSBs by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). Moreover, CHFR ubiquitinates PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and regulates chromatin-associated PARP1 in vivo.  Moreover, the poly-ubiquitin chain on PARP1 could be recognized by both anti-K48 and K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chain antibodies, suggesting that CHFR mediates a mixed poly-ubiquitin chain linkage on PARP1. With MG132 treatment, ubiquitinated PARP1 was significantly accumulated (Figure 4D), suggesting that the ubiquitination of PARP1 is likely involved in protein degradation. Consistently, we found that following DNA damage, PARP1 quickly dissociated from the chromatin in the wild-type cells (Figure 4F). However, in the Chfr−/− cells, the dissociation of PARP1 from the chromatin was significantly delayed." SIGNOR-271470 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PHB2 protein Q99623 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 15173318 t lperfetto "Akt binds prohibitin 2 and relieves its repression of myod and muscle differentiation" SIGNOR-234441 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29175 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270379 lovastatin chemical CHEBI:40303 ChEBI HMGCR protein P04035 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 1597859 t miannu "A series of N-heteroaryl-substituted mevalonolactones were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase both in vitro and in vivo, and to lower plasma cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic dog model. The goal of the strategy employed was to design an inhibitor which possessed the pharmacological properties of lovastatin (1), and the physicochemical properties (increased hydrophilicity) of pravastatin (2)." SIGNOR-258351 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257178 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CDK16 protein Q00536 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser153 SRRLRRVsLSEIGFG 9606 BTO:0000142 22184064 t llicata "Here, we report that cdk16 is activated by membrane-associated cyclin y (ccny). Treatment of transfected human cells with the protein kinase a (pka) activator forskolin blocked, while kinase inhibition promoted, ccny-dependent targeting of cdk16-green fluorescent protein (gfp) to the cell membrane. Ccny binding to cdk16 required a region upstream of the kinase domain and was found to be inhibited by phosphorylation of serine 153, a potential pka phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-191623 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser397 GKNQDFSsFDDTGKS 9606 BTO:0000567 19509060 t lperfetto "Here we report that the function of Nedd1 is regulated by Cdk1 and Plk1. During mitosis, Nedd1 is firstly phosphorylated at T550 by Cdk1, which creates a binding site for the polo-box domain of Plk1. Then, Nedd1 is further phosphorylated by Plk1 at four sites: T382, S397, S637 and S426. The sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 promotes its interaction with gamma-tubulin for targeting the gammaTuRC to the centrosome and is important for spindle formation." SIGNOR-272994 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT POR protein P16435 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0004428 8660656 f miannu "Regulation of the NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase gene is controlled by both positive and negative regulatory elements, and, of the nine Sp1 consensus sites, the two proximal sites are sufficient to support basal transcription." SIGNOR-255213 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 17938195 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "We show that histone h3 is phosphorylated by vaccinia-related kinase 1 (vrk1). Direct phosphorylation of thr3 and ser10 in h3 by vrk1 both in vitro and in vivo was observed. Loss of vrk1 activity was associated with a marked decrease in h3 phosphorylation during mitosis." SIGNOR-158436 TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT CR2 protein P20023 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11739509 f miannu "We have previously described the presence of an intronic element that is required for both cell- and stage-specific expression of CR2. In this study, we report the identification of a cell type-specific repressor element within the proximal promoter. By supershift analysis this element binds members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of proteins, in particular E2A gene products. Mutational analysis demonstrates that binding of E2A proteins is critical for functioning of this repressor. Thus, E2A activity is key not only for early B cell development, but also for controlling CR2 expression, a gene expressed only during later stages of ontogeny." SIGNOR-255387 CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257412 PI4K2B protein Q8TCG2 UNIPROT 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57880 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269099 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-[4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolinyl)oxy]-2-fluorophenyl]urea chemical CHEBI:92822 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193573 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser302 PQLASKQsMVNSLPT BTO:0000938 11970865 t llicata "Ser301 of CBP was identified as a major target of CaMKIV phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. CaM kinase inhibitors attenuated phosphorylation at Ser301 and blocked CBP-dependent transcription. Additionally, mutation of Ser301 impaired NMDA- and CaMKIV-stimulated transcription. These findings demonstrate that activity-induced CaMKIV signaling contributes to CREB/CBP-dependent transcription by phosphorylating CBP at Ser301." SIGNOR-250710 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT PFK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF79 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 10823814 t "C-Myc directly transactivates genes encoding GLUT1, phosphofructokinase, and enolase and increases glucose uptake in Rat1 fibroblasts. Nuclear run-on studies confirmed that the GLUT1 transcriptional rate is elevated by c-Myc. Our findings suggest that overexpression of the c-Myc oncoprotein deregulates glycolysis through the activation of several components of the glucose metabolic pathway." SIGNOR-267587 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFB protein Q9Y5Q3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18042454 t miannu "We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity." SIGNOR-159429 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 18758450 t lperfetto "Here we report that the ubiquitin ligase (e3) traf6 interacts with a consensus motif present in tbetari. The tbetari-traf6 interaction is required for tgf-beta-induced autoubiquitylation of traf6 and subsequent activation of the tak1-p38/jnk pathway, which leads to apoptosis." SIGNOR-180562 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser321 LNSEDDVsDEEGQEL -1 11278496 t llicata "We now show that human TFIIA is phosphorylated in vivo on serine residues that are partially conserved between yeast and human TFIIA large subunits. Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo. Additional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels. Mutation of all four serine residues reduced the ability of TFIIA to stimulate transcription in transient transfection assays with various activators and promoters, indicating that TFIIA phosphorylation is required globally for optimal function." SIGNOR-250877 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser197 APRRRAAsMDSSSKL 10090 BTO:0004245 10217147 t "Here we show that protein kinase B phosphorylates AFX, a human orthologue of daf -16 (refs 5, 6, 9), both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-252838 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12525502 t miannu " Here we show that cIAP1 and cIAP2 are E3 ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligases (ubiquitin ligases) for Smac. cIAPs stimulate Smac ubiquitination both in vivo and in vitro, leading to Smac degradation. cIAP1 and cIAP2 associate with overlapping but distinct subsets of E2 (ubiquitin carrier protein) ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The substrate-dependent E3 activity of cIAPs is mediated by their RING domains and is dependent on the specific interactions between cIAPs and Smac." SIGNOR-271391 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161694 SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 20940030 t gcesareni "The overexpression of siah1 causes the re-localization of notch from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus, which is indicative of notch activation" SIGNOR-254330 "Succinyl-CoA ATP variant" complex SIGNOR-C398 SIGNOR succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27487822 t miannu "In the citric acid cycle, succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only step that provides substrate-level phosphorylation: succinyl-CoA + NDP + Pi = succinate + CoA + NTP, where N is adenosine or guanosine and the reaction requires magnesium ions." SIGNOR-266269 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr334 RLFFVIEyVNGGDLM 9606 11713277 t llicata "Nerve growth factor stimulates multisite tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the atypical protein kinase c's via a src kinase pathway. tyrosine 256, 271, and 325 were identified as major sites phosphorylated by src in the catalytic domain." SIGNOR-111928 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser531 GSRSRTPsLPTPPTR 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249318 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DBF4 protein Q9UBU7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser502 FSTDNSGsQPKQKSD 9606 22123827 t lperfetto "Dbf4/cdc7 (dbf4-dependent kinase (ddk)) is activated at the onset of s-phase, and its kinase activity is required for dna replication initiation from each origin. We identified novel atm/atr phosphorylation sites on dbf4 and showed that atm/atr-mediated phosphorylation of dbf4 is critical for the intra-s-phase checkpoint to inhibit dna replication." SIGNOR-177793 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP3K6 protein O95382 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17210579 t Manara "C-terminal region of ASK1 binds to ASK2 and inhibits the degradation of ASK2" SIGNOR-260831 SAAL1 protein Q96ER3 UNIPROT CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 30513680 f Giorgia "This study was performed to elucidate the molecular function of the synoviocyte proliferation-associated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) 1/serum amyloid A-like 1 (SPACIA1/SAAL1) in mice CIA, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and human RA-synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Expression levels of cdk6, but not cdk4, which are D-type cyclin partners, were downregulated by SPACIA1/SAAL1 siRNA at the post-transcriptional level. The CDK6, expression of which is up-regulated by the SPACIA1/SAAL1 expression, might be a critical factor in the exacerbation of CIA." SIGNOR-260386 CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22649780 t gcesareni "The CUL4 family employs the structurally distinct triple WD40 ²-propeller domain-containing DDB1 adaptor to recruit members of the DDB1€“CUL4 associated factors (DCAF) family of substrate receptors" SIGNOR-234805 ACSS1 protein Q9NUB1 UNIPROT acetate smallmolecule CHEBI:30089 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271830 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser408 GPLPRAPsISTVEPK 26190112 t "Activation of AMPK reduces GLI1 protein levels and stability, thus blocking Sonic-hedgehog-induced transcriptional activity. AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency." SIGNOR-253541 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser360 TEMDPTYsPAALPQS 9606 BTO:0000567 9687510 t gcesareni "Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (msk1) is directly activated by mapk and sapk2/p38, and may mediate activation of crebactivated by phosphorylation at ser-360, thr-581 and thr-700 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1 and mapk14/p38-alpha" SIGNOR-59443 S protein P59594 UNIPROT CLEC4M protein Q9H2X3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15479853 t lperfetto "Here we show that DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR enhance infection mediated by the glycoprotein (GP) of Marburg virus (MARV) and the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and might promote viral dissemination." SIGNOR-260269 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 11287604 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Plc beta1 could be efficiently phosphorylated by activated mitogen-activated protein kinase but not by pka. The erk phosphorylation site was mapped to serine 982" SIGNOR-270200 H2AC11 protein P0C0S8 UNIPROT RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19203578 t gcesareni "Rnf168 is recruited to sites of dna damage by binding to ubiquitylated histone h2a." SIGNOR-183890 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds has been previously shown to activate a wide variety of small gtpases, including the ras family members rap1a, rap1b, and k-ras, as well as the rho family members cdc42, rac1, rac2, rhoa, and rhob" SIGNOR-171418 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser923 DELRDSDsVCDSGVE 9606 BTO:0000459 SIGNOR-C13 10469655 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates p105 resulting in its degradation, which releases tpl2 resulting in activation of the pro-proliferative map kinase- pathway." SIGNOR-70465 MYO9B protein Q13459 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260509 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 f lperfetto "The Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex plays a central role in the DNA damage response network involving breast cancer susceptibility gene products, BRCA1 and BRCA2. The complex consists of eight FA proteins, including a ubiquitin ligase (FANCL) and a DNA translocase (FANCM), and is essential for monoubiquitination of FANCD2 in response to DNA damage." SIGNOR-263251 TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT ECM1 protein Q16610 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17187826 f miannu "Comparative cDNA microarray hybridization identified a set of genes induced by overexpression of AP2alpha and AP2gamma in HMECs. The up-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABPII), EST-1, and ECM1 was induced by overexpression of AP2alpha, AP2gamma, or a chimeric AP2 factor in which the activation domain of AP2alpha was replaced by the activation domain of herpesvirus VP16." SIGNOR-255401 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAPH1 protein Q70E73 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr426 LLRASGIyYVPKGKA -1 20417104 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of Lpd by c-Abl increases its interaction with Ena/VASP proteins. This analysis revealed that, in vitro, four Lpd peptides harboring tyrosines (Y426, Y456, Y513, Y1226) are highly phosphorylated, and eight additional peptides are phosphorylated to a lesser extent (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-262606 NCL protein P19338 UNIPROT MYBL1 protein P10243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10660576 t miannu "We identify nucleolin as one of the nuclear polypeptides that interact specifically with the A-Myb and c-Myb. We show that the interaction of nucleolin with Myb is functional because co-transfection of nucleolin down-regulates Myb transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-221233 UPF3B protein Q9BZI7 UNIPROT UPF1 protein Q92900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 18066079 t miannu "UPF2 and UPF3b increase UPF1 ATPase activity" SIGNOR-265247 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257337 IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C14 12192055 t lperfetto "The n-terminal domain of ikkgamma is required both for the binding of ikkalfa and ikkbeta and their assembly into a high-molecular-weight complex essential for activation" SIGNOR-217436 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr290 NKLKPPGtPPPSSRK 10090 19560418 t "These findings indicate that calcineurin modulates the phosphorylation state of KSR2, but not KSR1, and identifies S198, T287, and the S310 14-3-3 binding site as the KSR2 residues targeted by calcineurin.|the negative regulators 14-3-3" SIGNOR-248526 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser247 RRTRVPPsRRGPDAV 10029 BTO:0000246 11732925 t lperfetto "Taken together, these results indicate that S232 acts as a selective, PKC-sensitive, modulator of effector coupling of the alpha(2A)AR to inositol phosphate stimulation. This represents one mechanism by which cells route stimuli directed to multifunctional receptors to selected effectors so as to attain finely targeted signaling." SIGNOR-249126 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR PALB2 protein Q86YC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001938 19369211 f lperfetto "Consistent with the converging functions of the BRCA proteins in DNA repair, cells harboring mutations with abrogated BRCA1-PALB2 interaction resulted in defective homologous recombination (HR) repair. We propose that, via its direct interaction with PALB2, BRCA1 fine-tunes recombinational repair partly through its modulatory role in the PALB2-dependent loading of BRCA2-RAD51 repair machinery at DNA breaks. Our findings uncover PALB2 as the molecular adaptor between the BRCA proteins, and suggest that impaired HR repair is one of the fundamental causes for genomic instability and tumorigenesis observed in patients carrying BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 mutations." SIGNOR-244490 SOS2 protein Q07890 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85." SIGNOR-175262 MRGBP protein Q9NV56 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269296 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000165 12887892 t gcesareni "Sir2 forms a complex with the acetyltransferase PCAF and MyoD and, when overexpressed, retards muscle differentiation" SIGNOR-241963 CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT CyclinD3/CDK11A complex SIGNOR-C542 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 12082095 t lperfetto "Interaction of p58(PITSLRE), a G2/M-specific protein kinase, with cyclin D3|" SIGNOR-273118 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT KCND2 protein Q9NZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr602 TAIISIPtPPVTTPE 10116 BTO:0000601 11080179 t miannu "We determined that the Kv4.2 C-terminal cytoplasmic domain is an effective ERK2 substrate, and that it is phosphorylated at three sites: Thr(602), Thr(607), and Ser(616). Phosphorylation of the Kv4.2 channel by ERK during LTP induction may lead to increased excitability and membrane depolarization of neurons, which would increase the magnitude of the calcium influx and the probability of triggering LTP." SIGNOR-262935 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asp683 HHGVVEVdAAVTPEE -1 8943232 t lperfetto "The precise cathepsin D cleavage sites within these recombinant betaAPP substrates were identified using this technique. Both recombinant substrates were cleaved at the following sites: Leu49-Val50, Asp68-Ala69, Phe93-Phe94. | two additional cleavage sites near the amino terminus of betaA4, Glu-3-Val-2 and Glu3-Phe4, were observed, indicating that cathepsin D cleavage of betaAPP is influenced by the structural integrity of the substrate. Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261765 PTGIR protein P43119 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257078 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000759 2158622 t miannu "We determined the affinity for T3 and analog binding characteristics of the translational products of c-erbA a- and /3-probes together with hepatic nuclear extracts." SIGNOR-258385 PUF60 protein Q9UHX1 UNIPROT SCF(TBL1) complex SIGNOR-C533 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "Upon UV-induced DNA damage, beta-catenin is recruited for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation by a unique, p53-induced SCF-like complex (SCF(TBL1)), comprised of Siah-1, Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1, transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). " SIGNOR-271951 CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 9606 21918180 t gcesareni "Ampka1 activators increased phosphorylation level and cytoplasmic localization (reduced nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio). Ampka1 activators reduced rna synthesis in the nucleoli." SIGNOR-176598 SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT SCF(TBL1) complex SIGNOR-C533 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "Upon UV-induced DNA damage, beta-catenin is recruited for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation by a unique, p53-induced SCF-like complex (SCF(TBL1)), comprised of Siah-1, Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1, transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). " SIGNOR-271952 5-[(Z)-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-2,4-dimethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide chemical CID:73755145 PUBCHEM FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259807 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20359165 f Giorgia "Of interest, induction of SLP-2 expression also resulted in significant increases in the levels of OPA-1 and mitofusin-2 (P < 0.05), both integral mitochondrial membrane proteins associated with mitochondrial fusion." SIGNOR-260380 APOC2 protein P02655 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19956660 f Regulation miannu "Triglycerides in VLDL are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase, which in turn is activated by apolipoprotein CII on the surface but inhibited by apolipoprotein CIII." SIGNOR-251846 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0003292 18379898 f miannu "The results showed the upregulation of the HSP73 constitutive expression by KLF4 overexpression in both C2C12 cells and murine RAW264.7 macrophages; in response to heat stress, however, few changes were observed in the levels of HSP73 by KLF4 overexpression." SIGNOR-254544 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr739 SEGSGTAtPSALITT 9606 11904305 t gcesareni "Here we show that p42/p44 mapk directly phosphorylates sp1 on threonines 453 and 739 both in vitro and in vivo. sa-perk1/2 activates the transcription factor, sp1, via ser59 phosphorylation downstream of pkc_, leading to transcription of p21sdi1 and resulting in replicative senescence of hdf cells." SIGNOR-116174 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EEF1B2 protein P24534 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser112 GSDDEEEsEEAKRLR -1 8547318 t llicata "EF-1 beta was highly phosphorylated by casein kinase II, with up to 1.3 mol of phosphate incorporated per mol protein. From microsequence analysis and manual Edman degradation, the majority of the phosphate was shown to be present in serine 106 in the peptide DLFGS106DDEEES112EEA. Serine 112 was also phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but to a lesser extent." SIGNOR-250855 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005261 19956800 t irozzo "Although the complex was initially termed ENL associated proteins (EAP), we now propose to redefine EAP as ‘‘elongation assisting proteins’’ to better reflect the function of this protein complex. In this report, we present evidence that the most frequently occurring MLL fusion proteins exploit molecular control mechanisms of transcriptional elongation to transform hematopoietic cells. MLL fusions become incorporated into an ‘‘elongation assisting protein’’ complex, recruit it to their respective target genes, and enforce ectopic transcription." SIGNOR-255876 DTNBP1 protein Q96EV8 UNIPROT ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000601 20531346 t miannu "Dysbindin-1, WAVE2 and Abi-1 form a complex that regulates dendritic spine formation. Although dysbindin-1, WAVE2 and Abi-1 form a ternary complex, dysbindin-1 promoted the binding of WAVE2 to Abi-1." SIGNOR-265660 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10358178 f "The transcription factor NF-ATc that controls gene expression in T lymphocytes and embryonic cardiac cells is expressed in three prominent isoforms." SIGNOR-252344 ITGAM protein P11215 UNIPROT ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23994464 t apalma "Before leaving the vessel lumen, neutrophils crawl on the endothelium, primarily using cell surface Mac-1 integrins binding to endothelial ICAM-1." SIGNOR-255041 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14743216 t fstefani "A physical and functional map of the human tnf-alpha/nf-kappa b signal transduction pathway." SIGNOR-121576 IL20RB protein Q6UXL0 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000876 12941475 f gcesareni "Il-20 induces cheratin proliferation and stat-3 signal transduction pathway" SIGNOR-86305 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15861399 f miannu "AR homodimers recruit a panoply of factors including coactivators and mediator proteins whose enzymatic activities promote chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation of target genes leading to cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation" SIGNOR-251540 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation of tau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably the KXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320). This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau's affinity for microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau's assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-250172 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 11726515 t irozzo "However, direct binding of Grb2 to Bcr/Abl also facilitates its tyrosine phosphorylation, which we propose reflects activation of a physiological negative regulatory mechanism by this oncogenic tyrosine kinase.Direct binding of Grb2 to Bcr/Abl facilitates Grb2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-255820 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8891723 t miannu "The first group, including p16ink4a, p15ink4b,p18ink4cand p19ink4d, is specific for the g1 cdks,cdk4and cdk6, inhibiting the kinase activity of cyclin d/cdk4-cdk6 complexes on prb." SIGNOR-44557 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr632 GRKGSGDyMPMSPKS 9606 14579029 t gcesareni "Map kinases and mtor mediate insulin-induced phosphorylation ofinsulinreceptor substrate-1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632" SIGNOR-118877 NDFIP2 protein Q9NV92 UNIPROT NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002181 26363003 t SARA "Ndfip1 is primarily localized in the Golgi apparatus where it recruits Nedd4-2 to mediate the degradation of mature hERG proteins during channel trafficking to the plasma membrane. Although Ndfip2 directs Nedd4-2 to the Golgi apparatus, it also recruits Nedd4-2 to the multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which may impair MVB function and impede the degradation of mature hERG proteins mediated by Nedd4-2." SIGNOR-260996 naratriptan chemical CHEBI:7478 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000567 10193663 t Luana "This study has demonstrated that the 5-HT receptor binding profile of eletriptan is qualitatively similar to the binding profile of sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan and rizatriptan. As expected these compounds demonstrated high affinity for the human 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors which is consistent with their known vasoconstrictor properties in isolated vascular tissues " SIGNOR-258338 ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 20923972 t "Phosphodiesterases Catalyze Hydrolysis of cAMP-bound to Regulatory Subunit of Protein Kinase A and Mediate Signal Termination" SIGNOR-253018 CXCL11 protein O14625 UNIPROT ACKR3 protein P25106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 16940167 t Luana "This paper characterizes an alternate receptor, CXCR7, which binds with high affinity to SDF-1 and to a second chemokine, interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC; also known as CXCL11)" SIGNOR-268415 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 DNMIRRLsPAERAQG 10090 BTO:0000944 15060146 t miannu "Tel became phosphorylated by erk on two serine residues, ser213 and ser257, in the internal domain between the hlh and ets domains. Tel lost its abilities to repress transcription through the phosphorylation." SIGNOR-260086 CBX2 protein Q14781 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C408 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31608994 t miannu "PRC1 has been categorised into canonical and noncanonical/variant PRC1; canonical PRC1 (Morey, Aloia, Cozzuto, Benitah, & Di Croce, 2013) includes chromobox (Cbx) proteins, Ring1, human polyhomeotic homologue protein (Hph) and polycomb ring finger (Pcgf) (Pcgf2/Mel18 and Pcgf4/Bmi1) proteins whereas noncanonical/variant PRC1 involves RING1 and YY1 binding protein (Rybp), Ring1 and Pcgf (Pcgf 1–6) proteins (Wu, Johansen, & Helin, 2013). Figure 3 illustrates the various proteins that form the canonical and noncanonical PRC1. The Ring1 along with Pcgf2/4 forms a core heterodimer which interacts with other accessory components of PRC1 complex through C‐terminal ring finger and WD40 ubiquitin‐like (RAWUL) domains see Figure 4b" SIGNOR-266808 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr153 SEDIKSYyTVRQLEL -1 11506178 t "Tyrosine residues 66, 152 and/or 153 of PTP1B are phosphorylated by the activated insulin receptor and are also necessary for formation of the PTP1B:insulin receptor complex| Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of PTP1B by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase increases the catalytic activity of PTP1B|These results suggest that PTP1B can dephosphorylate itself under in vitro conditions." SIGNOR-248425 ACTR2 protein P61160 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12479800 t "The subunits in mammalian cells are named Arp3, Arp2, p41-Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc and p16-Arc" SIGNOR-251512 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser83 GVRLLQDsVDFSLAD BTO:0001444 16140754 t llicata "Interestingly, viral DNA replication also resulted in the activation of calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) and phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of vimentin on serine 82. Immunostaining showed that vimentin within the cage was phosphorylated on serine 82." SIGNOR-250690 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr488 GAEDSGDtEDELRRV 9606 20471329 t lperfetto "Xrcc1 phosphorylation by ck2 is required for its stability and efficient dna repair" SIGNOR-165427 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys14 VKEGWLHkRGEYIKT 10090 BTO:0000562 21775285 t gcesareni "We show that Akt and PDK1 are acetylated at lysine residues in their pleckstrin homology domains, which mediate PIP(3) binding. Acetylation blocked binding of Akt and PDK1 to PIP(3), thereby preventing membrane localization and phosphorylation of Akt. Deacetylation by SIRT1 enhanced binding of Akt and PDK1 to PIP(3) and promoted their activation." SIGNOR-252456 ZNF804A protein Q7Z570 UNIPROT ANKRD1 protein Q15327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23434502 t miannu "ZNF804A has been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia by several genome-wide association studies (GWAS), follow-up association studies and meta-analyses. ZNF804A was identified as a schizophrenia-associated gene by GWAS and was predicted to play a role in DNA binding and transcription To identify the genes that are affected by ZNF804A, we manipulated the expression of the ZNF804A protein in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell lines and performed a cDNA microarray analysis followed by qPCR. We found that ZNF804A-overexpression up-regulated four genes (ANKRD1, INHBE, PIK3AP1, and DDIT3) and down-regulated three genes (CLIC2, MGAM, and BIRC3)." SIGNOR-269461 THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Ee report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-270314 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 16847353 f gcesareni "We identified c-myc as a direct target of notch1" SIGNOR-147944 TRIM3 protein O75382 UNIPROT GKAP1 protein Q5VSY0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 20352094 t miannu "Here we identify the RING finger-containing protein TRIM3 as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase for the PSD scaffold GKAP/SAPAP1. Present in PSD fractions from rat brain, TRIM3 stimulates ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of GKAP, and induces the loss of GKAP and associated scaffold Shank1 from postsynaptic sites." SIGNOR-271959 PDP2 protein Q9P2J9 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 20208177 t "Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP) is a mitochondrial serine phosphatase that activates phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-251665 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT CYP7B1 protein O75881 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 16630558 f miannu "DHT and overexpression of androgen receptor (AR) suppressed CYP7B1 promoter activity and CYP7B1-mediated catalysis in kidney-derived HEK293 cells." SIGNOR-253739 ADAM12 protein O43184 UNIPROT SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 12509413 t gcesareni "The adam12 cysteine-rich domain (radam12-cys) supports cell attachment using syndecan-4 as a primary cell surface receptor that subsequently triggers beta(1) integrin-dependent cell spreading, stress fiber assembly, and focal adhesion formation." SIGNOR-96931 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EPS15 protein P42566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr849 NFANFSAyPSEEDMI 9606 24269888 t lperfetto "Earlier studies have shown that eps15 at tyr-849 is phosphorylated in egf-stimulated cells and partly controls the internalization of mono-ubiquitinated egfr via uim domains of eps15 [10]. It has also been shown that active egfr phosphorylates tyr-849 directly;" SIGNOR-203311 COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 19805145 t miannu "MTA1 destabilizes COP1 by promoting its autoubiquitination. in addition to polyubiquitination of its substrates, COP1 also catalyzes its autoubiquitination for degradation as a part of an autoregulatory mechanism" SIGNOR-271893 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser295 LQASVPGsVPGVLGP 9606 16027724 t miannu "ERK2, p38alpha and GSK-3beta can phosphorylate Cdx2 in vitro and that the 4S motif is required for phosphorylation by GSK-3beta and p38alpha|Phosphorylation of the homeotic tumor suppressor Cdx2 mediates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation" SIGNOR-250095 NLGN1 protein Q8N2Q7 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein P58401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264159 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269237 CUDC-907 chemical CID:54575456 PUBCHEM PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252661 KLKB1 protein P03952 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg424 KNMEDLHrHIFWEPD -1 12372819 t miannu "the ability of plasma kallikrein and FXIa to activate pro-HGF in vitro raises the possibility that mediators of inflammation and blood coagulation may also regulate processes that involve the HGF/c-Met pathway, such as tissue repair and angiogenesis.Unlike other known activators, both FXIa and kallikrein processed pro-HGF by cleavage at two sites. Using N-terminal sequencing they were identified as the normal cleavage site Arg(494)-Val(495) and the novel site Arg(424)-His(425) located in the K4 domain of the alpha-chain." SIGNOR-256513 FIP1L1 protein Q6UN15 UNIPROT "CPSF complex" complex SIGNOR-C53 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14749727 t miannu "Recombinant hfip1 is sufficient to stimulate the in vitro polyadenylation activity of pap in a u-rich element-dependent manner. hfip1, cpsf160 and pap form a ternary complex in vitro, suggesting that hfip1 and cpsf160 act together in poly(a) site recognition and in cooperative recruitment of pap to the rna." SIGNOR-121649 PTP4A3 protein O75365 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser74 TVNQSLLsPLVLEVD 9606 BTO:0000586 19115206 t "the cytoskeletal intermediate filament keratin 8 (KRT8) was identified as a physiological PRL-3-interacting protein. Indeed, treatment with the PRL-3 inhibitor effectively suppressed the phosphorylation of KRT8 at S73 and S431|The site-specific phosphorylation of keratins induces the disassembly of these filaments, and the balance between their phosphorylation and dephosphorylation controls the continuous exchange of intermediate filament subunits between a soluble pool and polymerized filaments" SIGNOR-248340 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259019 oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24632615 t miannu "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) is a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Two isoforms exist, a cytoplasmic form (PCK1, PEPCK-C) and a mitochondrial isoform (PCK2, PEPCK-M). PEPCK activity is present at significant levels in the liver, but also in the kidney and in brown and white adipose tissue. PEPCK, which converts oxaloacetate (OAA) to PEP, has an important role in glucose formation, but also for the generation of glycerol and serine." SIGNOR-266555 CRYAA protein P02489 UNIPROT Maintenance_of_lens_transparency phenotype SIGNOR-PH65 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22982024 f miannu "Aberrant protein interactions can lead to aggregation and insolubilization, such as occurs during cataract formation. Deamidation, a prevalent age-related modification in the lens of the eye, decreases stability of the major lens proteins, crystallins. Deamidation did not disrupt specific αA/βB2 interactions but favored aggregation before complex formation with αA. We conclude that deamidation contributes to cataract formation through destabilization of crystallins before they can be rescued by α-crystallin." SIGNOR-252156 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t ggiuliani "To ascertain whether overexpression of BMPr1A can initiate adipocyte lineage commitment in the absence of its BMP ligand, constitutively active (CA)-BMPr1A and CA-BMPr1B were expressed in C3H10T1/2 stem cells using a mouse stem cell virus (MSCV) retroviral system. […]Thus, their overexpression provoked a substantial rise in the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK, known downstream phosphorylated intermediates in the BMP signaling pathway." SIGNOR-255772 PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001757;BTO:0001298 12192414 t lperfetto "We show that free Ptc (unbound by Hh) acts sub-stoichiometrically to suppress Smo activity and thus is critical in specifying the level of pathway activity." SIGNOR-91709 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001056 23409026 t miannu "Pre-existing BCR-ABL mutations can be detected in a substantial number of chronic-phase CML patients by sensitive allele-specific PCR technique using CD34+ cells. These mutations are associated with imatinib resistance if affecting drug binding directly or indirectly. After the recent approval of nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia along with imatinib, all of which vary in their effectiveness against mutated BCR-ABL forms, detection of pre-existing BCR-ABL mutations can help in selection of appropriate first-line drug therapy." SIGNOR-259268 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM37 protein O94972 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271082 RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins." SIGNOR-16519 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser636 SGDYMPMsPKSVSAP 9606 12510059 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-96948 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 18776923 f miannu "We report here that glucose-regulated protein (GRP)-78, a critical regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), is a novel downstream target of BRCA1. We showed that overexpression of wild-type BRCA1 suppressed the expression of GRP78, whereas expression of mutant BRCA1 gene or targeted inhibition of endogenous BRCA1 using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced GRP78 expression." SIGNOR-253761 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 21561061 f Luana "AP-1 regulates transcription of many genes involved in viralpathogenesis, including pro-inflammatory and antiviral cytokineslike IL-6,33IL-8,34RANTES,35MCP-1,19interferons,9etc., thatare characteristic of an infection. SARS pathology is the result ofan exacerbated pro-inflammatory immune response by cytokinesin the lungs of patients and in infected animal models." SIGNOR-260765 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr386 YRARVANyQRDGPMC 9606 12777400 t Manara "These findings indicate that (i) ABL1 and Arg activate catalase by phosphorylation at both Tyr231 and Tyr386" SIGNOR-260770 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT MSI1 protein O43347 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20443831 f gcesareni "We hypothesized that cyclin d1 may induce notch1 activity either by repressing numb or by inducing musashi 1 expression" SIGNOR-165186 S protein P59594 UNIPROT CD209 protein Q9NNX6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15479853 t lperfetto "Here we show that DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR enhance infection mediated by the glycoprotein (GP) of Marburg virus (MARV) and the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and might promote viral dissemination." SIGNOR-260270 PSMC1 protein P62191 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263373 Isoetharine chemical CHEBI:6005 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7576010 t miannu "The affinities of D2 receptors for agonists and antagonists were compared for receptors labeled with [1251]-7-OHPIPAT and with [*251]-NCQ-298 under conditions that promote, respectively, coupling or uncoupling of receptors to G proteins. Table 1." SIGNOR-258433 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr86 VADIDGQyAMTRAQR 9606 BTO:0001271 17318191 t lperfetto "Bcr_abl_mediated phosphorylation of y86 could induce a conformational change of __catenin impairing its binding to axin" SIGNOR-153435 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser377 PPLLRPLsENSGDEN -1 12171600 t miannu "Identification of Ser-377 as the site on eEF2 kinase phosphorylated in vitro by MAPKAP-K2, MAPKAP-K3 and MAPKAP-K5. Maximal phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase by MAPKAP-K2 (Figure 5) or MAPKAP-K5 (results not shown) had no effect on its activity." SIGNOR-249710 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT CACNB2 protein Q08289 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr554 RGLSRQEtFDSETQE 9606 20194790 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08289-2" gcesareni "We recently identified ca(v)1.2 beta(2a) residues critical for camkii phosphorylation (thr 498) beta(2a) thr 498 and leu 493 are required for ca(v)1.2 activation by camkii in native cells." SIGNOR-164067 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 14739161 f lperfetto "Tgf-beta was shown to inhibit myogenin and mef2d expression and myotube formation in c2c12." SIGNOR-235728 ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT Chemotaxis phenotype SIGNOR-PH93 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23994464 f apalma "Before leaving the vessel lumen, neutrophils crawl on the endothelium, primarily using cell surface Mac-1 integrins binding to endothelial ICAM-1. After finding the place for transmigration, neutrophils migrate to the interstitium through transcellular or paracellular routes and begin chemotaxing towards the site of infection/inflammation within the perivascular and interstitial space." SIGNOR-255042 bexarotene chemical CHEBI:50859 ChEBI RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002058 17483357 t miannu "Bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a selective retinoid X receptor agonist, prevents and reverses gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC cells by modulating gene amplification." SIGNOR-259230 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser28 SRMNGLPsPTHSAHC -1 14741103 t llicata "In order to determine the sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5, serine or threonine in the nine potential sites were substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to create mutant Dcx proteins. These were analyzed by co-transfection of 293T cells with cdk5/p35. All-sites-A mutant Dcx showed no slower migrating species on Western analysis, indicating that removal of all nine possible sites is sufficient to block the phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35 (Figure 3D). However, each single mutant Dcx retains the slower migrating species similar to the wild-type Dcx, suggesting that any single mutation is not sufficient to block phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35. | Therefore, S28 residue may be a substrate in vitro, but our best efforts failed to detect phosphorylation of S28 in vivo." SIGNOR-250654 denosumab antibody DB06643 DRUGBANK TNFSF11 protein O14788 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000372 18685421 t miannu "Denosumab, a novel, fully human monoclonal antibody specific to RANKL, suppresses bone resorption markers in patients with a variety of metastatic tumors and is being investigated in multiple clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of bone metastases." SIGNOR-259891 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 10448861 f lperfetto "Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1." SIGNOR-235828 TFAP2C protein Q92754 UNIPROT ECM1 protein Q16610 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002828 17187826 f miannu "Comparative cDNA microarray hybridization identified a set of genes induced by overexpression of AP2alpha and AP2gamma in HMECs. The up-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABPII), EST-1, and ECM1 was induced by overexpression of AP2alpha, AP2gamma, or a chimeric AP2 factor in which the activation domain of AP2alpha was replaced by the activation domain of herpesvirus VP16." SIGNOR-255396 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr320 AISDTTTtFCGTPEY 9606 16790420 t llicata "Full-length sgk3 contains a complete phox homology (px) domain that targets the protein to endosomes. Both a functional px domain and pi3k activation are necessary for phosphorylation of sgk3 at two regulatory sites (thr-320 and ser-486) and subsequent induction of kinase activity. Pdk1 phosphorylates endosome-associated sgk3 at thr-320" SIGNOR-147213 ASDURF protein L0R819 UNIPROT "PAQosome co-chaperone complex" complex SIGNOR-C516 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484152 t miannu "The PAQosome (Particle for Arrangement of Quaternary structure) is a large multisubunit chaperone complex that is essential for the assembly and stabilization of other macromolecular complexes. It also interacts with several chaperones including Hsp90, Hsp70, and CCT. The PAQosome is comprised of the R2TP complex, the URI1 prefoldin complex (also known as the non-canonical prefoldin-like complex), the RNA polymerase subunit RPB5, and the WD40 repeat protein WDR92. " SIGNOR-270922 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C29 7791754 t fspada "Bmpr-ii is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that binds bmp-2 and bmp-7 in association with multiple type i receptors, including bmpr-ia/brk1, bmpr-ib, and actr-i, which is also an activin type i receptor." SIGNOR-33425 SMG1 protein Q96Q15 UNIPROT UPF1 protein Q92900 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1089 GLSQPELsQDSYLGD 9606 23356578 t lperfetto "Smg-1 directly phosphorylates upf1 helicase, another key component of nmd, upon recognition of ptc on postspliced mrna during the initial round of translation. Phosphorylated-upf1 recruits the smg-5/smg-7 complex to induce ribosome dissociation and decapping-mediated decay. T28 and s1096 are responsible for phospho-specific recruitment of smg-6 to the n-terminal conserved region, and the smg-5/smg-7 heterodimer complex to the c-terminal sq-rich region of upf1, respectively" SIGNOR-200785 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser576 DDDFQLRsFDQLSPL 9606 BTO:0000567 18519666 t lperfetto "Polo-like kinase 3 functions as a tumor suppressor and is a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha under hypoxic conditionsplk3 can potentially inhibit hif-1_ by physical interaction and direct phosphorylation" SIGNOR-178739 "lysophosphatidylserine 14:0(1-)" chemical CHEBI:72402 ChEBI P2RY10 protein O00398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257558 HOXB8 protein P17481 UNIPROT PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001545 11571641 t miannu "the ability of HoxB8 to heterodimerizes with endogenous Pbx proteins on DNA alters gene transcription in a manner that prevents progression through an intrinsic genetic differentiation program. In conjunction with Pbx, HoxB8 could alter transcription of Pbx target genes by direct or indirect mechanisms." SIGNOR-223153 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10801129 t gcesareni "Here we present cbp--a transmembrane phosphoprotein that is ubiquitously expressed and binds specifically to the sh2 domain of csk. Cbp is involved in the membrane localization of csk and in the csk-mediated inhibition of c-src." SIGNOR-77139 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT mir-133a1 mirna URS00005EB596_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" 9606 18568019 t miannu "In leukaemic cell lines PLZF overexpression downmodulated miR-146a and upregulated CXCR4 protein, whereas PLZF knockdown induced the opposite effects. Our data indicate that megakaryopoiesis is controlled by a cascade pathway, in which PLZF suppresses miR-146a transcription and thereby activates CXCR4 translation." SIGNOR-256309 HOMER proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF59 SIGNOR SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17243894 t miannu "It has been shown that Homer, a scaffold protein with a single EVH1 domain that binds to Shank, mGluR1, and other postsynaptic proteins (98) (Figure 3), exists as a tetramer, thus allowing it to cross-link several interacting proteins in the PSD" SIGNOR-264698 NFE2L3 protein Q9Y4A8 UNIPROT PLA2G7 protein Q13093 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22247257 t lperfetto "Moreover, we demonstrated that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 3 (Nrf3) regulates Pla2g7 gene expression through direct binding to the promoter regions of Pla2g7 gene." SIGNOR-268979 PKN3 protein Q6P5Z2 UNIPROT ARHGAP18 protein Q8N392 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr154 AVQKRVEtVSQTLRK -1 33092266 t lperfetto "We present strong evidence that PKN3-ARHGAP18 interaction is increased upon ARHGAP18 phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation of ARHGAP18 by PKN3 enhances its GAP domain activity and contributes to negative regulation of active RhoA.|These results support our data from phosphoproteomic screen and suggest that ARHGAP18 can be phosphorylated by PKN3 on Thr154, Ser156 and Thr158." SIGNOR-264570 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000192 31435020 t "inferred from family member" "K63-linked ubiquitination enhances the interaction between Akt and HK2 and eventually increases HK2 phosphorylation on Thr473 and mitochondrial localization" SIGNOR-270267 KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT BBC3 protein Q96PG8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 28073943 f miannu "JMJD2B induction attenuates the transcription of key p53 transcriptional targets including p21, PIG3 and PUMA, and this modulation is dependent on the catalytic capacity of JMJD2B." SIGNOR-263733 ARID5B protein Q14865 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29326336 f miannu "We also observed that ARID5B regulates the expression of four major components of the TAL1 complex (namely, TAL1,GATA3, RUNX1, and MYB) in Jurkat cells. Knockdown of ARID5B resulted in reductions of the H3K27ac signals at those enhancer loci (Supplemental Fig. S6E–H) and down-regulation of all four factors at the mRNA (Fig. 6E) and protein levels (Fig. 6F)." SIGNOR-256160 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258997 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT KSR1 protein Q8IVT5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser406 TRLRRTEsVPSDINN 9606 12105213 t gcesareni "Autophosphorylated recombinant nm23-h1 phosphorylated ksr in vitro. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that nm23-h1 phosphorylated ksr serine 392, a 14-3-3-binding site, consistent with the recent identification of c-tak1 as a kinase for this site." SIGNOR-90390 TNFRSF21 protein O75509 UNIPROT Demyelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH155 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 32454942 f miannu "Next to inhibition of sTNF/TNFR1 signaling, specific activation of TNFR2 may hold promise as a new MS therapy. Indeed, TNF promotes proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and remyelination via TNFR2" SIGNOR-263832 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser518 GEDPYAGsTDENTDS 9606 BTO:0000567 15367657 t lperfetto "Xrcc1 phosphorylation by ck2 is required for its stability and efficient dna repair. Rcc1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by ck2, and ck2 phosphorylation of xrcc1 on s518, t519, and t523" SIGNOR-128893 GFs stimulus SIGNOR-ST12 SIGNOR AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 23300340 f lperfetto "Akt normally resides in the cytosol under serum-starved conditions, but translocates to the plasma membrane where it is subsequently phosphorylated and activated in response to growth factor treatment. Phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and at Ser473 by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) is required for full Akt activation" SIGNOR-245408 BRCC3 protein P46736 UNIPROT "BRCA1-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C296 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20656690 t lperfetto "We and others showed previously that BRCC36 is a component of the BRCA1-A complex, which consists of RAP80, CCDC98/ABRAXAS, BRCC45/BRE, MERIT40/NBA1, BRCC36, and BRCA1. " SIGNOR-263213 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser406 CQAVFPPsITSRGDF 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262720 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser342 ASSVYTRsTGEQEIS 9534 BTO:0000298 10085131 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that RANTES-induced CCR5 phosphorylation selectively occurs on serine residues. Our findings with receptor mutants indicate that serine residues at positions 336, 337, 342, and 349 represent GRK phosphorylation sites on CCR5." SIGNOR-249675 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT SMC1A protein Q14683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser966 GEDSVSGsQRISSIY 9606 BTO:0005521 11877376 t "Atm phosphorylates Smc1 on serines 957 and 966 in vitro and in vivo, and expression of an Smc1 protein mutated at these phosphorylation sites abrogates the ionizing irradiation-induced S phase cell cycle checkpoint" SIGNOR-255589 D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "D-serine acts in concert with L-glutamate (triangles) to activate NMDA receptors|D-serine released from astrocytes seems to be an endogenous ligand of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (3, 8). Depletion of endogenous D-serine in slices and cultured cells strongly diminishes NMDA receptor responses measured biochemically and electrophysiologically" SIGNOR-268279 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25277175 f miannu "Increased expression of ERG or other ETS factors under control of androgen responsive promoter (TMPRSS2) is an inevitable consequence of the fusion events, and it activates transcriptional program that contributes to oncogenesis by upregulating expression of, among others, MYC, EZH2 and SOX9 and repressing NKX3." SIGNOR-251555 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17252 ChEBI 11-deoxycortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:28324 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000050 25855791 t lperfetto "Cytochrome P450 (P450)4 21A2 is the major steroid 21-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-OH-progesterone) to form 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively" SIGNOR-268642 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 14767066 f lperfetto "Treatment with sb203580 significantly reduced this cooperation, consistent with the idea that p38 indirectly stimulates the transactivating activity of p65 through a mechanism involving cbp." SIGNOR-235734 RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins." SIGNOR-16662 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr18 MEDHAGTyGLGDRKD 9606 14999081 t lperfetto "In this study we determined that human tau tyr18 was phosphorylated by the src family tyrosine kinase fyn." SIGNOR-123099 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser649 VPPSPSLsRHSSPHQ 11427888 t "Glycogen synthase has multiple serines (residues 640, 644, 648 and 652) separated by three residues, and those Ser residues are phosphorylated sequentially by GSK3 from the C-terminal end after Ser 656 has been phosphorylated by casein kinase II." SIGNOR-251240 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 1303753 t gcesareni "Lar ptpase shows strong preference for dephosphorylation first at py5 (at tri-, di-, and monophosphotyrosyl levels). Initially this regioselectivity gives the y5(py9)(py10) diphospho regioisomer, followed by equal dephosphorylation at py9 or py10 to give the corresponding monophosphoryl species on the way to fully dephosphorylated product." SIGNOR-16243 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser855 QRVLDTSsLTQSAPA 9606 BTO:0000007 19864431 t lperfetto "Strikingly, raptor Ser(863) phosphorylation is absolutely required for raptor Ser(859) and Ser(855) phosphorylation. These data suggest that mTORC1 activation leads to raptor multisite phosphorylation and that raptor Ser(863) phosphorylation functions as a master biochemical switch that modulates hierarchical raptor phosphorylation (e.g. on Ser(859) and Ser(855))" SIGNOR-174882 CARS1 protein P49589 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11347887 t miannu "Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the addition of cysteine to its cognate tRNA. Here we report the isolation of a fulllength cDNA that encodes a protein of 748 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence shows considerable similarity to other eukaryotic cysteinyltRNA synthetases in the carboxylterminus. Expression of the fulllength and alternative forms of the enzyme in E. coli generated functional proteins that were active in aminoacylation of human cytoplasmic tRNA with cysteine." SIGNOR-270473 PI4KA protein P42356 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17526 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269103 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser218 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 10090 BTO:0000944 8131746 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser-218 and ser-222 by map kinase kinase kinases (raf or mekk1) positively regulates mek1 kinase activity." SIGNOR-235587 SEC62 protein Q99442 UNIPROT Protein_translocation phenotype SIGNOR-PH176 SIGNOR up-regulates 22375059 f lperfetto "Silencing the SEC62 gene inhibits post-translational transport of small presecretory proteins into the human ER" SIGNOR-265280 EPX protein P11678 UNIPROT RNASE3 protein P12724 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" 9606 BTO:0000399 18694936 t miannu "Human eosinophils are bone marrow-derived, non-dividing granulocytes of the innate immune system, which store the highly cationic proteins eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in secondary granules. we demonstrated that Tyr nitration of the eosinophil granule proteins is exclusively mediated by EPO, in the presence of functional NADPH oxidase and minute amounts of NOx. EPO appears to nitrate itself via an autocatalytic mechanism." SIGNOR-261705 PSMA4 protein P25789 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263366 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser608 TAADMYLsPVRSPKK BTO:0001968 10207050 t llicata "In the present assay, ΔP3,4HA repressed E2F-mediated transcription similarly to wild-type pRB, suggesting that phosphorylation at other sites on ΔP3,4HA can disrupt its interaction with E2F and that these two sites are not sufficient to regulate E2F binding on DNA. This result is consistent with another report which showed that mutation of the human sites 8 and 9 (human Ser608 and Ser612) repressed E2F-mediated transcription to the same level as wild-type pRB (2). | Surprisingly, no one CDK site regulated the interaction of pRB with E2F when E2F was bound to DNA. Instead, disruption of transcriptional repression resulted from accumulation of phosphate groups on the RB molecule." SIGNOR-250747 FGF5 protein P12034 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8386828 t gcesareni "Fgf-5 can bind and induce autophosphorylation of human fgf receptors (fgfr) 1 and 2" SIGNOR-38995 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH19 protein Q9H159 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265836 POLR1A protein O95602 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266152 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr458 QPRKRKLtVDTPGAP 9606 19875456 t llicata "The phosphorylation of ski at threonine 458 is induced by akt pathway activators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and hepatocyte growth factor. The phosphorylation of ski causes its destabilization and reduces ski-mediated inhibition of expression of another negative regulator of tgf-beta, smad7" SIGNOR-188969 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KCNE1 protein P15382 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser102 VQARVLEsYRSCYVV -1 1553557 t lperfetto "Inhibition of the current was not seen in channels in which Ser103 was replaced by Ala, although other properties of the current were unchanged. These results indicate that inhibition of the potassium current results from direct phosphorylation of the channel subunit protein at Ser103." SIGNOR-248852 ROBO3 protein Q96MS0 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" -1 16226035 t miannu "Slit2 causes the miRNA miR-182 to release cofilin1 mRNA, potentiating cofilin1 local translation and resulting in growth cone collapse. The use of morpholinos or RNAi to knockdown robo2 and robo3 in X. laevis RGCs, would be useful to further confirm that Robo2 and Robo3 are the receptors involved in Slit2-dependent cofilin1 translation." SIGNOR-268379 RLN2 protein P04090 UNIPROT RXFP1 protein Q9HBX9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11809971 t gcesareni "Lgr7 and lgr8, are capable of mediating the action of relaxin through an adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (camp)-dependent pathway" SIGNOR-114549 WASF1 protein Q92558 UNIPROT "WRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C191 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21107423 t miannu "WAVE proteins are constitutively associated with four additional proteins in cells: Sra1/Cyfip1, Nap1/Hem-2, Abi and HSPC300. The components of this ~400 kDa pentamer, termed the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) have all been implicated in control of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly in a wide range of systems." SIGNOR-253572 BGLF5 protein P03217 UNIPROT TLR9 protein Q9NR96 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 21191071 t scontino "The EBV lytic-phase protein BGLF5 reduces TLR9 expression through mRNA degradation. We established that the EBV early protein BGLF5 degrades TLR9 mRNA in vitro, providing a mechanism for its contribution to TLR9 downregulation." SIGNOR-266633 LMP1 protein P03230 UNIPROT TLR9 protein Q9NR96 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000726 20980631 f scontino "We determined that the EBV oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a strong inhibitor of TLR9 transcription. These data show that the oncoprotein LMP1 downregulates TLR9 promoter activity in B cells." SIGNOR-266804 BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 23239878 t gcesareni "Here, we report that BMI1 autoactivates its own promoter via an E-box present in its promoter." SIGNOR-245344 A-966492 chemical CID:16666333 PUBCHEM PARP2 protein Q9UGN5 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-203622 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr220 QSNYIPEtPPPGYIS 9606 12193595 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-91742 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF223 protein E7ERA6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271259 CYP27B1 protein O15528 UNIPROT calcitriol smallmolecule CHEBI:17823 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671 12050193 t lperfetto "The rate-limiting, hormonally regulated step in the biological activation of vitamin D is its 1alpha-hydroxylation to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2)D] in the kidney, catalyzed by the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme, P450c1alpha." SIGNOR-270559 TBX3 protein O15119 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t lperfetto "TBX2 and TBX3 function as transcriptional repressors and both have been shown to inhibit myogenesis (Carlson et al, 2002; Zhu et al, 2014). Abnormal expression of TBX2 has been reported in several cancers including breast, pancreas, and melanoma, where it has been shown to drive proliferation (reviewed in Abrahams et al (2010)). As has been previously shown in other cell types, TBX2 was found to induce a downregulation of p14/19ARF and function as a direct repressor of p21 in RMS" SIGNOR-249603 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser299 KMAFRAKsKSCHDLS -1 9677319 t llicata "CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin." SIGNOR-250946 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation Lys382 QSTSRHKkLMFKTEG 9606 BTO:0000150 19047049 t gcesareni "Sirt1 has been shown to regulate cell fate in part by deacetylating the p53 protein at lysine 382 and inhibiting p53-mediated transcriptional activation and apoptosis." SIGNOR-182515 ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31226023 t miannu "Upon activation by oligomerization and autophosphorylation, the cytosolic RNase domain of IRE1 mediates an unconventional splicing of the mRNA of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1). The spliced and frameshifted transcript encodes XBP1S, a bZIP transcription factor inducing the expression of numerous UPR effector genes that enhance ER folding capacity." SIGNOR-260183 LTF protein P02788 UNIPROT ITLN1 protein Q8WWA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23921499 t "Intelectin 1 (IntL) is known as a lectin expressed in intestinal epithelia and also as a receptor for an iron-binding protein, lactoferrin (LF). " SIGNOR-272500 ZBTB43 protein O43298 UNIPROT BDP1 protein A6H8Y1 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 16542149 t miannu "The zinc finger protein ZNF297B interacts with BDP1, a subunit of TFIIIB. Due to the essential role of BDP1 in Pol III transcription, we propose that ZNF297B may also regulate these transcriptional pathways." SIGNOR-225852 "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 16293600 t lperfetto "The cytoplasmic domain of GPIbα of the GPIb-IX-V complex binds to actin filaments through FLNa|This immediately means that clustering of the GPIb-IX-V complex and anchoring of FLNa to actin filaments by activation could also increase avidity, which could withstand high shear stress." SIGNOR-261846 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 16407239 t lperfetto "Rela is phosphorylated at: ser276 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac), msk1 and msk2; at ser311 by the atypical pkczeta; at ser468 by ikkbeta, ikkepsilon and glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta); at ser529 by ck2; and at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1)) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k) ." SIGNOR-217430 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11175253 t amattioni "Activated tbid results in an allosteric activation of bak" SIGNOR-105210 EPS15 protein P42566 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0002988 15383614 t gcesareni "We suggest that the ubiquitinated EGFR or another c-Cbl substrate that is ubiquitinated upon EGFR activation recruits Eps15 to the plasma membrane via its UIM. This event would facilitate EGFR internalization via a clathrin-dependent route in which Eps15 plays a role" SIGNOR-243278 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT SERPINF1 protein P36955 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001949 18312852 f miannu "Upregulation of PEDF expression by PARP inhibition contributes to the decrease in hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in HUVECs." SIGNOR-254891 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser497 GSLCSVFsPSFVQWE 9606 BTO:0000007 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262983 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 QAASNFKsPVKTIR 9606 BTO:0000785 7578274 t lperfetto "In cells, the casein kinase ii beta-subunit is phosphorylated at an autophosphorylation site and at a site (ser-209) that is maximally phosphorylated in mitotic cells. These studies provide strong biochemical evidence that p34cdc2 is the enzyme that phosphorylates ser-209 on the beta-subunit of ckii in mitotic cells." SIGNOR-29462 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr783 EGRNPGFyVEANPMP 9606 8657103 t lperfetto "Syk isolated from antigen receptor-activated B cells phosphorylated PLC-gamma1 on Tyr-771 and the key regulatory residue Tyr-783 in vitro, whereas Lyn from the same B cells phosphorylated PLC-gamma1 only on Tyr-771." SIGNOR-246576 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 15866171 t lperfetto "Ampk activation induces phosphorylation of p53 on serine 15, and this phosphorylation is required to initiate ampk-dependent cell-cycle arrest" SIGNOR-216475 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser202 PPTETGEsSQAEENI -1 1828073 t llicata "Two serines located in the C-terminal end of neuromodulin, Ser-192 and Ser-193, were identified as the major casein kinase II phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-250866 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser270 EFRPRSKsQSSSNCS 9606 BTO:0000975;BTO:0001760;BTO:0000142 9312143 t lperfetto "Turnover of the active fraction of irs1 involves raptor-mtor- and s6k1-dependent serine phosphorylation in cell culture models of tuberous sclerosiss6k1 phosphorylates irs1 in vitro on multiple residues showing strong preference for rxrxxs/t over s/t,p sites." SIGNOR-51216 ELOB protein Q15370 UNIPROT VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11574546 t miannu "The von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) forms a protein complex (VCB-Cul2) with elongin C, elongin B, Cul-2, and Rbx1, which functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3). The alpha-subunits of the hypoxia-inducible factors have been identified as targets for the VCB-Cul2 ubiquitin ligase. " SIGNOR-271517 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine smallmolecule CHEBI:16264 ChEBI "N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57666 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10745088 t lperfetto "UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase is a bifunctional enzyme and catalyzes the first two steps of neuraminic acid synthesis in the cytosol, the conversion of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to ManAc and the phosphorylation to ManAc-6-phosphate." SIGNOR-266075 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-[(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)thio]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one chemical CHEBI:94732 ChEBI MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 18922779 t gcesareni "Bi-78d3, dose-dependently inhibits the phosphorylation of jnk substrates both in vitro and in cell." SIGNOR-181644 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 25101116 f lperfetto "ARF: a versatile DNA damage response ally at the crossroads of development and tumorigenesis. Alternative reading frame (ARF) is a tumor suppressor protein that senses oncogenic and other stressogenic signals. It can trigger p53-dependent and -independent responses with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction being the most prominent ones." SIGNOR-245493 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CLASP2 protein O75122 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser533 QGCSREAsRESSRDT 9534 BTO:0004055 19638411 t lperfetto "GSK-3beta directly phosphorylates CLASP2 at Ser533 and Ser537 within the region responsible for the IQGAP1 binding. Phosphorylation of CLASP2 results in the dissociation of CLASP2 from IQGAP1, EB1 and microtubules.| CLASPs were originally identified as CLIP-170-interacting proteins and later found to be required for microtubule stabilisation at the cortical regions of epithelial cells" SIGNOR-264825 PCM1 protein Q15154 UNIPROT CETN2 protein P41208 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12403812 t miannu "Rna silencing of pcm-1 leads to reduced assembly of centrin, pericentrin, and ninein at the centrosome" SIGNOR-94990 EIF1AX protein P47813 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 12514125 t lperfetto "Translation initiation factor 1A (eIF1A) is predicted to bind in the decoding site of the 40S ribosome and has been implicated in recruitment of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNA i Met ternary complex (TC) and ribosomal scanning. " SIGNOR-269147 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1672 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248751 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine smallmolecule CHEBI:34795 ChEBI PDE1C protein Q14123 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22014080 t "Until now, very few inhibitors of PDE1 were available for evaluating the contribution of PDE1 in tissue and cell function. Vinpocetine (Ahn et al., 1989) and 8-methoxymethyl-IBMX (Ahn et al., 1997) are common PDE1 inhibitors." SIGNOR-253017 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17135271 t "These data establish a signaling cascade in which regulated site-specific Lys-63-linked TRAF6 auto-ubiquitination is the critical upstream mediator of IKK." SIGNOR-252099 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258547 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr681 DIYSTDYyRVGGRTM 10116 "phosphorylation: tyr496" HIIENPQyFSDACVH 14662744 t "Here, we identify SHP-1 as a phosphotyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates TrkA. SHP-1 formed complexes with TrkA at Y490, and dephosphorylated it at Y674/675." SIGNOR-248469 CyclinY/CDK14 complex SIGNOR-C541 SIGNOR CCNY protein Q8ND76 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser71 RASTIFLsKSQTDVR 9606 BTO:0000599 24794231 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin Y by CDK14 induces its ubiquitination and degradation|Phosphorylation of CCNY at Serines 71 and 73 creates a putative phospho-degron that controls its association with an SCF complex" SIGNOR-273010 OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT BEST1 protein O76090 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20530484 f miannu "BEST1 promoter activity was increased by SOX9 overexpression and decreased by siRNA-mediated SOX9 knockdown. SOX9 physically interacted with MITF and OTX2 and orchestrated synergistic activation of the BEST1 promoter with the paired SOX site playing essential roles." SIGNOR-255186 "GABA-B receptor" complex SIGNOR-C336 SIGNOR GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30541966 t miannu "GABAB receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate slow and prolonged inhibitory action, via activation of Gαi/o-type proteins. GABAB receptors mediate their inhibitory action through activating inwardly rectifying K+ channels, inactivating voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and inhibiting adenylate cyclase." SIGNOR-264965 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252186 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269526 N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-oxomethyl]-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutanamide chemical CHEBI:91371 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206127 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 19767769 f miannu "In this study, we identified pbx1, a proto-oncogene in hematopoietic malignancy, as a target gene of evi-1. Overexpression of evi-1 increased pbx1 expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells" SIGNOR-188155 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 10090 BTO:0000944 11579209 t lperfetto "Ptp1b is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates insulin sensitivity by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-235499 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HMGN2 protein P05204 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser29 QRRSARLsAKPAPPK 9606 10739259 t lperfetto "Protein kinases that phosphorylate hmg-14 17 at the major sites have been implicated from previous in vitro studies. Protein kinase c and a similar calcium phospholipid-dependent kinase have been reported to phosphorylate both proteins in vitro, where the phosphorylation of hmg-17 occurs predominantly at ser24 and to a lesser degree at ser28. Phosphorylation of hmg-14 at ser6 by camp- or cgmp-dependent kinases has also been reported. Thus, other kinases may contribute to phosphorylation at ser6 in response to oa. Ser88 and ser98 on hmg-14 are also phosphorylated by casein kinase ii in vitro. we conclude that the correlation we observe reflects a causal relationship, in which phosphorylation somehow facilitates the redistribution of hmg-14 and -17 toward non-nuclear pools." SIGNOR-76324 IL11 protein P20809 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9143707 t gcesareni "Some of these biological activities of il-6 are also often exerted by other cytokines, i.e. Il-11, lif, osm, cntf, and ct-4" SIGNOR-48033 GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22049910 t miannu "Glutaminase (GLS1/2) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine to L-glutamate and ammonia." SIGNOR-260000 FSTL1 protein Q12841 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001176;BTO:0002320 18718903 f miannu "In this study, Fstl1 was shown to activate Akt signaling in cardiac myocytes and inhibit apoptosis. Thus, Fstl1 can function as a survival factor for both cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells via the activation of Akt signaling. " SIGNOR-266604 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT ACKR3 protein P25106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23340301 f miannu "we showed that CXCR7 promoter in prostate cancer cells is negatively regulated by HIC1, which may be responsible for prostate cancer progression." SIGNOR-254238 PLCD4 protein Q9BRC7 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 9125218 t gcesareni "A key pathway is the hydrolysis of PIP2 . This is mediated by PLC, and yields the two second messengers 1,4,5-IP3 and DAG" SIGNOR-195516 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr32 QNHFVDEyDPTIEDS 9606 BTO:0000007 26617336 t "Here we identify SHP2 as the ubiquitously expressed tyrosine phosphatase that preferentially binds to and dephosphorylates Ras to increase its association with Raf and activate downstream proliferative Ras/ERK/MAPK signalling." SIGNOR-252094 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2NL protein Q5JXB2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271336 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IFNGR2/INFGR1 complex SIGNOR-C142 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 19041276 t lperfetto "The activation of this signaling pathway involves the binding of IFN-g to two IFN-g receptor (IFN-gR) subunits, made up of respective IFNgR1:IFNgR2 pairs, which dimerize upon IFN-g binding to form the IFN-gR complex. Two JAKs, JAK1and JAK2,which bind to each IFN-gR subunits, respectively through their N-terminal domains, both become activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in a JAK2-dependent process." SIGNOR-249492 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ASB2 protein Q96Q27 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser371 RIRRSGVsPLHLAAE 24044920 t lperfetto "Indeed, using mass spectrometry, we showed for the first time that ASB2a is phosphorylated and that phosphorylation of serine-323 (Ser-323) of ASB2a is crucial for the targeting of the actin-binding protein filamin A (FLNa) to degradation. |Moreover, inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) activity reduced ASB2a-mediated FLNa degradation." SIGNOR-272240 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser468 DLTIDSSsDEEEEEP 9606 19217413 t llicata "Ck2 phosphorylates serine residues adjacent to the sim of pias1 these findings show that the phosphosim module mediates binding to free sumo and sumo conjugates in a phosphorylation-dependent mode, with ck2 being the critical kinase involvedin this process." SIGNOR-184047 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr223 TSFMMTPyVVTRYYR 9606 15911620 t lperfetto "Two mapkks, sek1 and mkk7, synergistically activate jnk. Sek1 prefers the tyr-185 residue, and mkk7 prefers the thr-183 residue (17, 19)." SIGNOR-137605 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "Tak1 can phosphorylate and activate map kinase kinase 3/6 (mkk3/6), and numerous studies have demonstrated a requirement for mkk3/6 activity in the initiation of myoblast differentiation, again in a p38-dependent manner." SIGNOR-236145 ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002882 9710637 f fcortellessa "PLZF overexpression leads to apoptosis." SIGNOR-261686 MLLT3 protein P42568 UNIPROT SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005545 20159978 f Regulation miannu "AF9/MLLT3 contributes to the regulation of the gene encoding the epithelial sodium channel alpha, ENaCalpha, in renal tubular cells. Specifically, increases in AF9 protein lead to a reduction in ENaCalpha expression and changes in AF9 activity appear to be an important component of aldosterone signaling in the kidney." SIGNOR-251944 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT AGER protein Q15109 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 25014009 t gcesareni "HMGB1 is known to influence cellular responses within the nervous system via two distinct receptor families; the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs)" SIGNOR-252059 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser170 SFKLSGFsFKKNKKE -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III." SIGNOR-248930 THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT Thrombin-Thrombomodulin complex SIGNOR-C316 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Thrombin also activates the negative regulators of the cascade, after complexing with thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), to activate protein C (PC) to activated PC (APC)." SIGNOR-267726 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr342 RLIKEDVyLSHDHNI 9606 BTO:0000150 12121988 t miannu "Autophosphorylation increases enzyme activity of wild-type brk but not of a y342a mutant form of brk." SIGNOR-90604 IL12A protein P29459 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10653850 f miannu "IL-18, originally described as IFN-γ-inducing factor, is secreted from activated macrophages and Kupffer cells (1–3). The major activity associated with this cytokine is induction of IFN-γ production from CD4+ Th1 cells, T cells, B cells and NK cells, especially in collaboration with IL-12" SIGNOR-260859 ROMO1 protein P60602 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267690 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4520 GGHGSRHsLASTDEK 9606 15272003 t lperfetto "Serine and threonine phosphorylation of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein by protein kinase calpha regulates endocytosis and association with adaptor moleculesthese results indicate that elimination of serine and threonine phosphorylation sites in the lrp cytoplasmic domain reduces the extent of tyr63 phosphorylation and leads to impaired association with the adaptor protein shc." SIGNOR-127207 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ASIC1 protein P78348 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser479 QKEAKRSsADKGVAL 9606 BTO:0000142 12578970 t llicata "We found that protein kinase a phosphorylation of ser-479 in the asic1 c terminus interfered with pick1 binding." SIGNOR-98196 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser300 EMHHEALsEALPGDN 9606 20832312 t llicata "Phosphorylation of eEF1A1 at Ser300 by T_R-I results in inhibition of mRNA translation" SIGNOR-167943 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser49 EVLVDPRsRRRYVRG 9606 18427546 t llicata "We show here that pak1 is required for cell proliferation, mitotic progression and plk1 activity in hela cells. phosphorylation of plk1 on ser 49 is important for metaphase-associated events." SIGNOR-178353 MACROD2 protein A1Z1Q3 UNIPROT ADP-D-ribose(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57967 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32257385 t miannu "MACROD2 is a protein-coding gene located at a fragile site on human chromosome 20. The MACROD2 protein is a deacetylase involved in the removal of ADP-ribose from mono-ADP-ribosylated proteins" SIGNOR-269840 "perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:39421 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268760 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 EGGKSGKsPRRRAAS 9606 17038621 t lperfetto "Cdk2 specifically phosphorylated foxo1 at serine-249 (ser249) in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of ser249 resulted in cytoplasmic localization and inhibition of foxo1." SIGNOR-150028 COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 7688313 t gcesareni "Both a2b1- and a1b1- integrins are implicated in chondrocyte adhesion to native collagene i and ii" SIGNOR-31881 MAST3 protein O60307 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 15951562 t gcesareni "Furthermore, binding of PTEN to the PDZ domains from microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinases facilitated PTEN phosphorylation at its C terminus by these kinases." SIGNOR-138080 MED11 protein Q9P086 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266670 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR TRIM71 protein Q2Q1W2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269239 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG 9606 9716487 t lperfetto "All IL-6-type cytokines recruit gp130to their receptot complexes They either signal via gp130 alone [8] or in combination with LIFR [9] or the recently cloned OSMR [10], which are all able to activate Jaks proteins. Two tyrosine residues at the corresponding positions of Jak2 (tyrosine-1007 and tyrosine-1008) were found to be phosphorylated, and a single mutation of tyrosine-1007 eliminated essentially all tyrosine kinase activity [59]." SIGNOR-238630 WDR83 protein Q9BRX9 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15118098 t lperfetto "Morg1 specifically associates with several components of the erk pathway, including mp1, raf-1, mek, and erk, and stabilizes their assembly into an oligomeric complex." SIGNOR-244964 RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-269954 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr508 MYSERRItVLYSLVQ 10090 BTO:0000142 26255772 t gcesareni "These data suggest that PKA phosphorylation at T485 inhibits UBE3A ubiquitin ligase activity in cells." SIGNOR-236899 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys90 GCAFLSVkKQFEELT 10090 BTO:0002268 25778398 t miannu "Fbxl7 targets survivin for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation.these data suggest that the Skp1·Cul1·F-box protein complex subunit Fbxl7 modulates mitochondrial function by controlling the cellular abundance of survivin. These results suggest that both Lys-90 and Lys-91 are critical for Fbxl7-mediated polyubiquitylation." SIGNOR-272438 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248294 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 21798082 t "FoxO factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins (see below), and their degradation via the proteasome" SIGNOR-256268 mifepristone chemical CHEBI:50692 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258709 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000746 27777311 f "We observed GR binding on or near Cebpβ, Cebpδ, Klf5, Klf9, Cebpα, and Pparγ gene loci at 4 h but not at 0 h of adipogenesis. Thus, at least one of the mechanisms by which GR promotes adipogenesis in culture is by directly activating the expression of multiple adipogenic TFs." SIGNOR-256120 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 26865625 t miannu " In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a well known growth cone protein that promotes axonal regeneration, can be induced in rat brain astrocytes by the proinflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide via both nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266770 IDE protein P14735 UNIPROT INS protein P01308 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage -1 29596046 t SARA "IDE processively degrades insulin by stochastically cutting either chain without breaking disulfide bonds" SIGNOR-260986 WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 15221015 t lperfetto "Similar to Smurfs, WWP1 associated with Smad7 and induced its nuclear export, and enhanced binding of Smad7 to TGF-beta type I receptor to cause ubiquitination and degradation of the receptor." SIGNOR-227466 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT TOM1L1 protein O75674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr460 AVTTEAIyEEIDAHQ -1 11711534 t "Tyr-457, located in the presumed Src SH2 binding site, is the predominant tyrosine residue that is phosphorylated by Fyn.Fyn can phosphorylate Srcasm, and association of these molecules relies on cooperative binding between the SH2 and SH3 domains of Fyn and corresponding canonical binding sites in Srcasm. Srcasm is capable of interacting with Grb2 and the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p85, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The evidence suggests that Srcasm may help promote Src family kinase signaling in cells." SIGNOR-251185 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr235 SSSSPPGtPSPADAK 9606 22369944 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that cdk2/cyclina phosphorylates c/ebpbeta on thr(188) and is required for phosphorylation (on ser(184) or thr(179)) of c/ebpbeta by gsk3beta and maintenance of dna binding activity." SIGNOR-217316 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR ITSN1 protein Q15811 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 15496985 t Giorgia "Intersectins 1 and 2, epsin2, NECAP and sorting nexin9 were identified as α‐appendage ligands in mass spectrometry of these samples" SIGNOR-260397 ZHX1 protein Q9UKY1 UNIPROT ZMYND11 protein Q15326 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17127430 t miannu "Corepressor BS69 interacts with ZHX1, a member of the ZHX family having zinc-fingers and homeoboxes. Although BS69 was originally found as a corepressor interacting with ZHX1, BS69 was also found to function as a transcriptional activator in HEK293 cells, in which the activation required the MYND domain of BS69. Co-transfection of BS69 with a mutant form of ZHX1, which cannot interact with BS69, led to increase the transcriptional activation of BS69, suggesting that transcriptional activation mediated by BS69 is suppressed by ZHX1." SIGNOR-263898 "C3 convertase complex (C3bBb)" complex SIGNOR-C314 SIGNOR C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg748 ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 9606 BTO:0000089 26489954 t lperfetto "In addition to the surface‐bound C3 convertase, a fluid‐phase convertase can be formed by association of water‐reacted C3, termed C3(H20), to FB thus constantly maintaining a low level of complement activation in solution (tick‐over). Both of the surface‐bound C3 convertases can bind a C3b molecule whereby the C5 convertases are formed. These cleave C5 into C5a and C5b, thus initiating the terminal pathway and leading to formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)." SIGNOR-263478 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser227 GARRRGGsASRSLPL 9606 10224060 t gcesareni "Akt kinase enhances human telomerase activity through phosphorylation of htert subunit as one of its substrate proteins." SIGNOR-67313 NLRP3 protein Q96P20 UNIPROT "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256410 WDFY3 protein Q8IZQ1 UNIPROT ATG5 protein Q9H1Y0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000452 20417604 t miannu "Alfy is recruited to intracellular inclusions and scaffolds a complex between p62(SQSTM1)-positive proteins and the autophagic effectors Atg5, Atg12, Atg16L and LC3. Alfy directly interacts with Atg5 and can be found in a complex with Atg5, Atg12 and Atg16L" SIGNOR-266791 LTB4R protein Q15722 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257196 HMGCS2 protein P54868 UNIPROT acetoacetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15345 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 29597274 t lperfetto "Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase (mHS, EC 2.3.3.10) catalyzes the condensation reaction between acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA in ketone body synthesis" SIGNOR-267659 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 17900900 t lperfetto "We have recently found that AMPK phosphorylates human FOXO3 in mammalian cells at novel regulatory sites that are distinct from the AKT sites" SIGNOR-216481 AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT CYP1A1 protein P04798 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17012224 t miannu "Kaempferol proved to be capable of inhibiting binding of agonist and agonist-induced formation of the AHR/ARNT DNA-binding complex and upregulation of the AHR target gene, CYP1A1." SIGNOR-259909 TAF6L protein Q9Y6J9 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269587 "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR UTF1 protein Q5T230 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253281 DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9418871 t miannu "We show that ddb, a putative dna repair protein, associates with the activation domain of e2f1 / expression of ddb specifically stimulated e2f1-activated transcription" SIGNOR-54096 IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT IL13RA1 protein P78552 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 12704343 t milica "It is now known that this alternate receptor is a heterodimer, the type ii il-4 receptor or the il-13 receptor, which is comprised of IL-4R And IL-13R1." SIGNOR-100759 GALR3 protein O60755 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257114 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 27477906 t lperfetto "Our quantitative ChIP experiments confirmed that ZMYND8 and JARID1D were co-localized at Slug, CD44, VEGFA, and EGFR genes (Figures 4F–4I). Our ChIP results also showed that ZMYND8 repressed and occupied other JARID1D target genes, such as the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP3, that we previously reported" SIGNOR-262042 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 f Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261583 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT heme smallmolecule CHEBI:30413 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16115609 t "The microsomal heme oxygenase system consists of heme oxygenase (HO) and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and plays a key role in the physiological catabolism of heme which yields biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and iron as the final products. Heme degradation proceeds essentially as a series of autocatalytic oxidation reactions involving heme bound to HO" SIGNOR-259333 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser281 DGTGDTSsEEDEDEE -1 11278496 t llicata "We now show that human TFIIA is phosphorylated in vivo on serine residues that are partially conserved between yeast and human TFIIA large subunits. Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo. Additional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels. Mutation of all four serine residues reduced the ability of TFIIA to stimulate transcription in transient transfection assays with various activators and promoters, indicating that TFIIA phosphorylation is required globally for optimal function." SIGNOR-250996 PSMB5 protein P28074 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263357 ARHGAP5 protein Q13017 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260461 FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19010791 f miannu "Foxl2 can directly activate the transcription of sirt1" SIGNOR-182300 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser69 GPLAPPAsPGPFATR 9606 15486195 t lperfetto "In vitro, bimel was phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase on ser(69), which resides in the bimel-specific insert region. Using phosphospecific antibody against this site, we show that this residue is actually phosphorylated in cells. We also show that phosphorylation of ser(69) promotes ubiquitination of bimel. We conclude that mek inhibitors sensitize mda-mb231 and hbc4 cells to anoikis by blocking phosphorylation and hence degradation of bimel" SIGNOR-129874 D-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:30659 ChEBI THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0003736 6777394 t miannu "The high levels of circulating D-T4 and presumably of circulating D-T3 originating from the peripheral conversion of D-T4 achieved after the chronic administration of D-T4 (Choloxin) may be responsible for a high degree of saturation of the human pituitary nuclear T3 receptors, thus resulting in the suppression of the TRH-induced TSH response." SIGNOR-258401 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Ras signaling was shown previously to induce the phosphorylation of the bmp mediator smad1 at four erk consensus sites in the linker domain (kretzschmar et al. 1997a). Phosphorylation of these four sites inhibits smad1 accumulation in the nucleus" SIGNOR-270137 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15546612 f gcesareni "Cycc:cdk8 and cyct1:cdk9/p-tefb are recruited with notch and associated coactivators (mam, skip) to the hes1 promoter in signaling cells." SIGNOR-130637 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12923220 t lperfetto "IDH1 gene transcription is sterol regulated and activated by SREBP-1a and SREBP-2 in human hepatoma HepG2 cells|evidence that IDH1 may regulate lipogenesis in hepatic cells" SIGNOR-253132 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser85 ELLHFQAsQREEKEF 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 17977820 t lperfetto "In this study we analyze the ikkbeta-mediated phosphorylation of the ikk-binding domain of nemo. In vitro, ikkbeta phosphorylates three serine residues in the domain of nemo at positions 43, 68, and 85. However, mutational analysis revealed that only the phosphorylation of serine 68 in the center of the ikk-binding domain plays an essential role for the formation and the function of the ikk complex. Thus, ser(68) phosphorylation attenuates the amino-terminal dimerization of nemo as well as the ikkbeta-nemo interaction. I" SIGNOR-158663 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23616010 t lperfetto "Erk also undergoes rapid translocation into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and activates a variety of transcription factor targets, including sp1, e2f, elk-1, and ap1." SIGNOR-233526 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT SLC22A9 protein Q8IVM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 20829431 t lperfetto "Luciferase reporter gene constructs containing the OAT5 (SLC22A10) and OAT7 (SLC22A9) promoter regions were transactivated by HNF-1 in HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-268982 ERCC8 protein Q13216 UNIPROT ERCC6 protein Q03468 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16751180 t miannu "We have previously shown that CSA is a subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here we demonstrate that CSB is a substrate of this ligase: Following UV irradiation, CSB is degraded at a late stage of the repair process in a proteasome- and CSA-dependent manner." SIGNOR-271406 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9575217 t gcesareni "Jak2 kinase induces tyrosine phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear translocation, and dna binding of a concomitantly expressed stat5 protein" SIGNOR-56894 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr382 DHYRYSDtTDSDPEN 9606 22413754 t miannu "Overall, our results suggest that PTEN autodephosphorylation may be a critical event in this process; thus a major protein substrate for PTEN may be PTEN itself.|Various studies have demonstrated that PTEN is itself a phosphoprotein, and that the major sites of phosphorylation are found in an acidic stretch (DHYRYSDTTDSDPENE) near the C-terminus [1]. This prompted us to consider whether PTEN may autodephosphorylate these sites" SIGNOR-248546 FSTL3 protein O95633 UNIPROT MSTN protein O14793 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23038772 t gcesareni "Fstl3 inhibits myostatin via its n-terminal domain." SIGNOR-199063 MAPK4 protein P31152 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 BTO:0001109 30688659 t miannu " Mechanistically, MAPK4 directly bound and activated AKT by phosphorylation of the activation loop at threonine 308. " SIGNOR-275450 2-[4-[3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-9-thioxanthenylidene]propyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethanol chemical CHEBI:93235 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258728 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT PJA1 protein Q8NG27 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 28067271 t "... chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed MYOD binds to a site upstream the Pja1 promoter preferentially in C2C12 cells induced to differentiate (Fig. 2c). In addition, over-expression of MyoD in human fibroblasts is sufficient to up-regulate Pja1 expression" SIGNOR-255718 CP protein P00450 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Genetic and biochemical studies imply that smo can adopt an active conformation but that it is normally repressed by patched (ptch), a 12-transmembrane protein considered the receptor for hh" SIGNOR-148451 LRP2 protein P98164 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 26872844 t miannu "LRP2 Promotes SHH Activity in Neurogenic Niches of the Developing and Adult Brain. In the RDVM, LRP2 forms a co-receptor complex with PTCH1 facilitating SHH binding and internalization of SHH/PTCH1 complexes, a prerequisite for pathway activation (Fig. 3B)." SIGNOR-265257 8-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one chemical CHEBI:93369 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258539 OTX1 protein P32242 UNIPROT BEST1 protein O76090 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 18849347 f miannu "Three OTX family proteins - OTX1, OTX2 and CRX - bound to both Sites 1 and 2 in vitro, and all of them increased BEST1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-254887 LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256868 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT MAD2L1 protein Q13257 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 18541701 t lperfetto "Mps1 is an upstream component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which, in human cells, is required for checkpoint activation in response to spindle damage but not apparently during an unperturbed mitosis. Mps1 also recruits Mad1 and Mad2 to kinetochores.|Thus, in human cells, Mps1 catalytic activity is required for spindle checkpoint function and recruitment of Mad2." SIGNOR-252036 RAD18 protein Q9NS91 UNIPROT PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 19706603 t gcesareni "Rad5 interacts with the e3 ligase rad18, which is initially required to monoubiquitinate pcna" SIGNOR-187705 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H3Y1 protein P0DPK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265419 3-[4-[4-[2-[3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl]-1-ethyl-3-pyrazolyl]phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea chemical CHEBI:91362 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192811 valsartan chemical CHEBI:9927 ChEBI AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 8577935 t miannu "The binding characteristics of the angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist valsartan were investigated in different animal species and tissues." SIGNOR-258489 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SHPRH protein Q149N8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271119 KCTD13 protein Q8WZ19 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 19782033 t miannu "BACURDs form ubiquitin ligase complexes, which selectively ubiquitinate RhoA, with Cul3. Our studies reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoA degradation and regulating RhoA function in various biological contexts, which involves a Cul3/BACURD ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-264236 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 RERSRTGsESSQTGT 9606 BTO:0001109 36882522 t lperfetto "CDK13 directly phosphorylates 4E-BP1 at Thr46 and eIF4B at Ser422; genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting CDK13 disrupts mRNA translation." SIGNOR-273116 DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34674502 t scontino "Thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases play a pivotal role in the functional diversification of TH signaling. They are involved in development, growth, and metabolic processes, and act in a cell-specific manner in the fine regulation of TH homeostasis. TH deiodinases catalyze activation and inactivation of THs through the removal of one iodine atom in the outer or inner ring of the TH molecule.¬†" SIGNOR-267043 DUSP8 protein Q13202 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 23159405 t gcesareni "M3/6 (dusp8) is a dual-specificity phosphatase implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of jnk and, to a lesser extent, p38 mapk" SIGNOR-199695 EIF3H protein O15372 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266393 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 10116 BTO:0000452 11287630 t lperfetto "Mtor induced the serine phosphorylation of irs-1 (ser-636/639), and such phosphorylation was inhibited by rapamycin. These results suggest that tnf impairs insulin signaling through irs-1 by activation of a pi 3-kinase/akt/mtor pathway, which is antagonized by pten" SIGNOR-106570 CYP1B1 protein Q16678 UNIPROT 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000093 8790407 t Luana "These studies demonstrate that human P450 1B1 is a catalytically efficient E2 4-hydroxylase that is likely to participate in endocrine regulation and the toxicity of estrogens." SIGNOR-269756 COPS3 protein Q9UNS2 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270769 APH1B protein Q8WW43 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12522139 t gcesareni "Biochemical and genetic studies have recently identified nicastrin, aph-1, and pen-2 as essential cofactors that physically interact with ps1 and are necessary for the gamma-secretase activity." SIGNOR-97107 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser200 YSGDSDAsSPRSNCS 9606 SIGNOR-C17 14749395 t lperfetto "Myod is phosphorylated on ser5 and ser200 by cyclin b-cdc2, resulting in a decrease of its stability and down-regulation of both myod and p21." SIGNOR-121601 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser411 RNCSTNDsLL -1 8662852 t "we report the identification of the sites of GRK2- and GRK5-mediated beta2AR phosphorylation. six are phosphorylated by GRK5 (Thr-384, Thr-393, Ser-396, Ser-401, Ser-407, and Ser-411)." SIGNOR-251198 LPAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF2 SIGNOR GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20331961 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "The receptor, now called lpa1, is a gpcr that couples to heterotrimeric g proteins (gi, gq, g12/13alpha subunits)" SIGNOR-269966 MTMR1 protein Q13613 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57795 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18429927 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 can be dephosphorylated by the 3-phosphatase myotubularins (MTMs), leading to the production of PtdIns5P. Myotubularins also dephosphorylate PtdIns3P into PtdIns" SIGNOR-269805 ZM447439 chemical CHEBI:91376 ChEBI AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207926 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR RANGAP1 protein P46060 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser442 STFLAFPsPEKLLRL 9606 15037602 t lperfetto "Here, we show that rangap1 is phosphorylated on residues t409, s428, and s442. Phosphorylation occurs before nuclear envelope breakdown and is maintained throughout mitosis . Alternatively, phosphorylated rangap1 may recruit specific sumo target proteins to ranbp2's catalytic domain." SIGNOR-216785 ORF4b protein K9N643 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26631542 t miannu "Previous studies have shown that MERS-CoV ORF4b antagonizes the early antiviral alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) response, which may significantly contribute to MERS-CoV pathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we found that ORF4b in the cytoplasm could specifically bind to TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IκB kinase epsilon (IKKε), suppress the molecular interaction between mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and IKKε, and inhibit IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation and subsequent IFN-β production. these results indicate that MERS-CoV ORF4b inhibits the induction of type I IFN through a direct interaction with IKKε/TBK1 in the cytoplasm" SIGNOR-260593 "tacrolimus (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:61049 ChEBI PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-269893 KIF3B protein O15066 UNIPROT "Minus-end directed microtubule movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH217 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272537 ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257084 ELF4 protein Q99607 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19380490 f miannu "We found that elf4/mef activates mdm2 expression" SIGNOR-185490 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271045 DLL4 protein Q9NR61 UNIPROT NRP1 protein O14786 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18339870 f gcesareni "Dll4 down-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)_ receptor_ 2 and nrp1 expression and inhibits vegf function" SIGNOR-178029 RAD51B protein O15315 UNIPROT RAD51B/RAD51C complex SIGNOR-C65 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11751636 t miannu "We show that two of them, rad51b and rad51c, are associated in a stable complex. Rad51b-rad51c complex has ssdna binding and ssdna-stimulated atpase activities." SIGNOR-111383 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT Megakaryocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH103 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 21605981 f "GATA1 and GATA2 are expressed principally in hematopoietic lineages, and have essential roles in the development of multiple hematopoietic cells, including erythrocytes and megakaryocytes." SIGNOR-259960 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 19491292 f gcesareni "Activation of ampk reduced p21 protein and mrna expression, which was associated with re- duced g1/s cell cycle transition and p21 promoter activity." SIGNOR-186061 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 inhibited foxo3's ability to induce cell death." SIGNOR-217884 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser638 FDFPKTPsSQNLLAL 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21205641 t gcesareni "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-170867 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser405 SHPLSLTsDQYKAYL -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178411 SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT GRIA3 protein P42263 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264603 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT MT1G protein P13640 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000394 15735762 f lperfetto "The E2F transcription factors induce the expression of many genes in response to specific extracellular stimuli. Here, we show that human metallothionein 1G (hMT1G) promoter is upregulated by E2F1 upon VEGF stimulation of human aortic endothelial cells." SIGNOR-254132 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10548111 t amattioni "The linker region located adjacent to the bir2 domain also participates in the binding of xiap to the effector caspases (-3 and -7)." SIGNOR-71954 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser163 GGWDGLLsYFGTPTW 9606 BTO:0000938 15525785 t lperfetto "Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylates bax and promotes its mitochondrial localization during neuronal apoptosis. Gsk-3beta directly phosphorylated bax(alpha) on ser163" SIGNOR-130141 wortmannin chemical CHEBI:52289 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 7503989 t gcesareni "Wortmannin inhibited the activity of partially purified pi3-kinase from calf thymus, as well as the pi3-kinase activity in anti-pi3-kinase p85 immunoprecipitates from rbl-2h3 cells, at a concentration as low as 1.0 nm and with ic50 values of 3.0 nm." SIGNOR-252663 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr466 REAWRIFtPLLHQIE 9606 BTO:0000007 29138396 t lperfetto "We find that Plk1 interacts with and directly phosphorylates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). By activating G6PD through promoting the formation of its active dimer, Plk1 increases PPP flux and directs glucose to the synthesis of macromolecules.|the kinase domain of Plk1 phosphorylates T406, T466 of G6PD" SIGNOR-267581 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 ETRICKIyDSPCLPE 9606 10212258 t Manara "Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Rad51 by ABL1 Enhances the Interaction between Rad51 and Rad52 | our studies of Rad51·Rad52 complex formation in vitro and in vivo suggest that the ATM and ABL1-mediated signaling is likely to promote repair given the biochemical evidence that Rad51 acts in concert with Rad52 in homologous recombination" SIGNOR-260777 SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 16254079 t "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and DNA affinity precipitation analysis demonstrated that Ebp1 and Sin3A associate at the PSA and E2F1 promoters. Functionally, Sin3A enhanced the ability of Ebp1 to repress transcription of androgen receptor (AR) and E2F1 regulated genes." SIGNOR-253663 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258549 LLGL1 protein Q15334 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C510 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270907 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT SLC20A1 protein Q8WUM9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000249 20930330 f miannu "TGF-β1 was shown to stimulate ANK and PC-1 expression in articular chondrocytes, and subsequent ePPi level, as well as to increase ePi uptake by inducing PiT-1 expression in a chondrogenic cell line." SIGNOR-252202 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr309 SDGATMKtFCGTPEY 10090 BTO:0000944 15367694 t "Protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates insulin's metabolic signaling pathway by inhibiting Akt (protein kinase B) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" SIGNOR-248633 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT FTO protein Q9C0B1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 24877091 f lperfetto "CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein 𝛼 Is a Crucial" SIGNOR-261805 PDZRN3 protein Q9UPQ7 UNIPROT MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 17576800 t miannu "We have identified a PDZ domain containing RING finger 3 (PDZRN3) as a synapse-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase and have demonstrated that it regulates the surface expression of muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), the key organizer of postsynaptic development at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. PDZRN3 binds to MuSK and promotes its ubiquitination. Together, these data demonstrate that PDZRN3 is a catalytically active RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase" SIGNOR-271664 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1034 AIETDKEyYTVKDDR 10090 11201744 t "CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling|these results show that CD45 dephosphorylates functionally important tyrosine residues. It should be noted that, as with our phosphatase assays in vitro, Tyr 1022 and Tyr 1023 of JAK1, Tyr 1007 and Tyr 1008 of JAK2, and Tyr 1054 and Tyr 1055 of Tyk2 are indeed hyperphosphorylated in cd45-deficient cells" SIGNOR-248355 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253162 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT CADM1 protein Q9BY67 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 18794147 f lperfetto "Treatment with mithramycin A, an inhibitor of Sp1 or Sp3 binding, resulted in reduction of Cadm1 gene expression, therefore suggesting a potential role of Sp1/Sp3 in Cadm1 regulation." SIGNOR-268959 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr157 GIRKRPAtDDSSTQN 9606 18593906 t gcesareni "We show, herein, that all the pim family members (pim1, pim2, and pim3) bind to and directly phosphorylate the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) at threonine-157 and threonine-198 residues in cells and in vitro." SIGNOR-179296 "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys629 DSSPGFSkEIAAALA 9606 BTO:0000007 17805301 t miannu " In the presence of relevant cofactors (DDB1, DET1), COP1 promoted the ubiquitination of wild-type but not COP1-interaction defective VP/AA TORC2 (Fig. 3e). COP1 also stimulated the ubiquitination of TORC2(K213R) but had no effect on TORC2(K628R), suggesting an important role for Lys 628 in this regard (Fig. 3e). We performed mass spectrometry studies to characterize residues in TORC2 that undergo COP1-mediated ubiquitination. This analysis revealed one major (Lys 628) and one minor (Lys 213) site on TORC2" SIGNOR-271665 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19219026 t Luana "Here we report that the c-Myc (hereafter referred to as Myc) oncogenic transcription factor, which is known to regulate microRNAs and stimulate cell proliferation, transcriptionally represses miR-23a and miR-23b, resulting in greater expression of their target protein, mitochondrial glutaminase, in human P-493 B lymphoma cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. " SIGNOR-268040 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203576 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr573 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9534 BTO:0001538 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252757 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr184 GTACDIQtHMTNNKG -1 20538596 t lperfetto "Analyses of phosphorylation site mutants of the activation segment indicate that autophosphorylation of Ser-192 precedes TAB1 phosphorylation and is followed by sequential phosphorylation of Thr-178, Thr-187, and finally Thr-184. Finally, we present a model for the chronological order of events governing TAB1-induced TAK1 autoactivation." SIGNOR-227544 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser51 LRPSTSRsLYASSPG -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248883 CCNC protein P24863 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15546612 t "Leads to a following ubiquitination and degradation" gcesareni "Purified recombinant cycc:cdk8 phosphorylates the notch icd within the tad and pest domains, and expression of cycc:cdk8 strongly enhances notch icd hyperphosphorylation and pest-dependent degradation by the fbw7/sel10 ubiquitin ligase in vivo." SIGNOR-254309 "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI arachidonoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15514 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267905 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser374 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-263000 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RMND5A protein Q9H871 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271255 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 SIGNOR-C110 10196136 t lperfetto "We have recently found that Dvl-1 directly binds to Axin and that the binding of Dvl-1 to Axin does not affect the interaction of GSK-3beta with Axin. It is possible that the binding of Dvl to Axin induces the structural change of the Axin complex; therefore GSK-3beta does not effectively phosphorylate Axin. This is the first demostration showing that Dvl inhibits the function of GSK-3beta directly." SIGNOR-219356 CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT down-regulates deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001253 12917689 t lperfetto "The nf-kappab activation by cyld is mediated, at least in part, by the deubiquitination and inactivation of tnfr-associated factor 2 (traf2) and, to a lesser extent, traf6." SIGNOR-117856 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001271 22740448 f miannu "Chromosome translocation 8q22;21q22 [t(8;21)] is commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the resulting AML1-ETO fusion proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of AML. To identify novel molecular and therapeutic targets, we performed combined gene expression microarray and promoter occupancy (ChIP-chip) profiling using Lin(-)/Sca1(-)/cKit(+) cells, the major leukemia cell population, from an AML mouse model induced by AML1-ETO9a (AE9a).CD45, a protein tyrosine phosphatase and a negative regulator of cytokine/growth factor receptor and JAK/STAT signaling, is among those targets. Its expression is substantially down-regulated in leukemia cells. Consequently, JAK/STAT signaling is enhanced." SIGNOR-255686 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269633 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr461 KIPTDTStPPRQHLP 9606 24235147 t lperfetto "Cdk5 phosphorylates clock at the thr-451 and thr-461 residues in association with transcriptional activation of clock." SIGNOR-203231 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT POU1F1 protein P28069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001379 10931853 t scontino " We and others have recently shown that CBP can constitutively bind to Pit-1 and synergistically activate transcription of promoters containing Pit-1 DNA-binding sites." SIGNOR-267204 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNN2 protein Q9H2S1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser568 SSRRRRSsSTAPPTS 9606 16513649 t llicata "Mutagenesis and mass spectrometry studies identified four pka phosphorylation sites: ser465 (minor site) and three amino acid residues ser568, ser569, and ser570 (major sites) within the carboxyl-terminal region. pka activation decreased sk2 surface localization" SIGNOR-145040 FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12865419 t "Taken together, these data suggest that Foxa-2 is a direct transcriptional activator of the Pref-1 gene." SIGNOR-254971 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser305 IKRSKKNsLALSLTA 9606 15193262 t lperfetto "We show that phosphorylation of serine-305 in the hinge region of er_ by protein kinase a (pka) induced resistance to tamoxifenactivation of pka prevents tamoxifen-mediated inhibition of er transactivation" SIGNOR-125779 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268881 VKORC1 protein Q9BQB6 UNIPROT "Reduced Vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:8784 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "The epoxide form of vitamin K is reduced by epoxide reductase (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1; VKORC1 or vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1-like 1; VKORC1L1) to a reduced form and then to the reduced hydroquinone form" SIGNOR-265901 TG101209 chemical CHEBI:90304 ChEBI JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207266 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257431 CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0002392 22343731 f fcortellessa "The results of the MTT assay and growth curves revealed that the cells transfected with pEGFP-p27kip1 had a significant growth inhibition when compared with cells transfected with pEGFP-NC (Fig. 5B and D). These data indicated that overexpression of p27kip1 could arrest cell-cycle progression and decrease proliferation of SGC-7901 cells." SIGNOR-261687 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20086174 t "inferred from 70% of family members" llicata "We determined that mst2 phosphorylation by akt limits mst2 activity in two ways: first, by blocking its binding to rassf1a and by promoting its association into the raf-1 inhibitory complex, and second, by preventing homodimerization of mst2, which is needed for its activation. we identified t117 and t384 as akt phosphorylation sites in mst2." SIGNOR-269945 PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT IGF2 protein P01344 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14695992 f miannu "Plag1 has been shown be a transcriptional activator of igf2" SIGNOR-120363 IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" 9606 26178471 t lperfetto "Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG)" SIGNOR-253136 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT ROR1 protein Q01973 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22343533 t gcesareni "Ror1 and ror2 bind wnt5a." SIGNOR-196133 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser768 DEAYVMAsVDNPHVC 9606 BTO:0000007 10347170 t llicata " We show that serines 1046/1047 are sites for CaM kinase II phosphorylation, although there is a preference for serine 1047, which resides within the consensus -R-X-X-S-. In addition, we have identified major phosphorylation sites at serine 1142 and serine 1057, which lie within a novel -S-X-D- consensus. Mutation of serines 1046/1047 in full-length EGFR enhanced both fibroblast transformation and tyrosine autokinase activity that was significantly potentiated by additional mutation of serines 1057 and 1142. A single CaM kinase II site was also identified at serine 744 within sub-kinase domain III, and autokinase activity was significantly affected by mutation of this serine to an aspartic acid making this site appear constitutively phosphorylated. We have addressed the mechanism by which CaM kinase II phosphorylation of the EGFR might regulate receptor autokinase activity and show that this modification can hinder association of the cytoplasmic tail with the kinase domain to prevent an enzyme-substrate interaction. " SIGNOR-250625 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation Lys1020 EERSTELkTEIKEEE 9606 BTO:0000150 19047049 t gcesareni "Sirt1 induces deacetylation and repression of p300 itself (81). Mutational analysis demonstrated that sirt1 repression of p300 involves both lysine 1020 and lysine 1024" SIGNOR-182507 BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr232 LTLWTSDtQGDEAEA -1 16045749 t llicata "We show here that BCR interacts with at least five isoforms of 14-3-3 in vivo and phosphorylates 14-3-3tau on Ser233 and to a lesser extent 14-3-3zeta on Thr233" SIGNOR-250595 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 10090 BTO:0000944 11579209 t lperfetto "Ptp1b is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates insulin sensitivity by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-235503 1,1-dioxo-2-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one chemical CHEBI:93578 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258891 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser464 LLKHVTQsSRKLIRA 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129260 EIF3K protein Q9UBQ5 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266390 NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr210 SEYSMAEtLVGTPYY 9606 14660563 t lperfetto "A previous study (19) using the peptide substrate demonstrated that nek9 was able to phosphorylate in vitro the thr210 residue within the activation loop, thus indicating the potential ability of nek9 to autophosphorylate.Nek9 forms a stable, approximately 600-kda complex with fact in the interphase nuclei. Its active form is characterized by phosphorylation-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift and phosphorylation at a conserved residue within the activation loop (thr(210))" SIGNOR-119897 DCAF1 protein Q9Y4B6 UNIPROT NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18332868 t miannu "VprBP targets Merlin to the Roc1-Cul4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex for degradation. In this study, we provide evidence to show that Merlin is regulated in a Roc1-Cullin4A-DDB1-dependent manner. Following serum stimulation, Merlin is recruited to the E3 ligase complex through a direct interaction with the WD40-containing adaptor protein VprBP. Loading of Merlin to the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex resulted in its polyubiquitination, and consequently its proteasome-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-271673 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA12 protein O60330 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265698 FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21862621 f miannu "We previously demonstrated that FOXL2 is a transcriptional repressor of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR), P450SCC (CYP11A), P450aromatase (CYP19), and cyclin D2 (CCND2) genes, markers of ovarian follicle proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-254178 DUSP10 protein Q9Y6W6 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10391943 t gcesareni "Mkp-5 binds to p38 and sapk/jnk, but not to mapk/erk, and inactivates p38 and sapk/jnk, but not mapk/erk. p38 is a preferred substrate" SIGNOR-68983 EPO protein P01588 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000574 9168989 f Regulation miannu "We describe the roles of Stat5 and of these tyrosine residues in the EPOR in the erythroid differentiation of murine hematopoietic cell line SKT6 which produces hemoglobin in response to EPO. Chimeric receptors carrying the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor and the intracellular domain of the EPOR were introduced into SKT6 cells. Like EPO, EGF equally activated Stat5 and induced hemoglobin." SIGNOR-251786 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser432 KMPNTNGsIGHSPLS 9606 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204724 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser82 VDILRKVsGHPNIIQ -1 7935360 t miannu "Phosphopeptides correspond to sequences occurring in the gamma-subunit of phosphorylase kinase […] undergoes autophosphorylation. phosphorylation occurs primarily at Ser30 while in the latter an additional reaction takes place at Ser81." SIGNOR-250389 "KMN network" complex SIGNOR-C366 SIGNOR Spindle_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH60 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18007590 f lperfetto "Based on our results, we propose that the cooperative action of CENP-A NAC/CAD subunits and the KMN network drives efficient chromosome segregation and bipolar spindle assembly during mitosis." SIGNOR-265215 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr128 DGEDDGDyESPNEEE 9606 BTO:0000782 9047237 t lperfetto "Zap-70 phosphorylates slp-76 at specific sites that allow vav sh2 domain bindingwe also show by in vitro and in vivo analysis that two slp-76 pyesp motifs (y113 and y128) mediate binding, the first being more efficient." SIGNOR-46859 NHLH2 protein Q02577 UNIPROT ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21573214 f miannu "Overexpression of both LMO3 and HEN2 induced expression of Mash1, suggesting that they might function as a transcriptional activator for Mash1." SIGNOR-254823 DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0000938 18585357 f miannu "DSCAM is required for commissural axon guidance in vivo. DSCAM promotes axonal growth but is dispensable for cell body migration and for axon turning toward a local source of netrin-1 in whole spinal cord turning assays." SIGNOR-268401 morphine chemical CHEBI:17303 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258932 GNAI2 protein P04899 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19703466 t "Adenylate cyclase is regulated by stimulatory hormones through Gs(alpha s beta gamma) and inhibitory hormones through Gi(alpha i beta gamma)" SIGNOR-256499 ADSL protein P30566 UNIPROT 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58475 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-266608 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr145 AGNKRLStIDESGSI 9606 BTO:0000567 14744859 t llicata "It was found that the 5A fragment in which five Ser/Thr residues were substituted with Ala (S144A/T145A/S185A/T186A/S187A) fully prevented phosphorylation (Fig. 5B), confirming that Aurora B primarily phosphorylates five Ser/Thr residues in the basic region of MgcRacGAP. | the strong phosphorylation of the basic region of MgcRacGAP by Aurora B kinase was demonstrated, and this phosphorylation prevents the inhibition of MgcRacGAP GAP activity by PRC1" SIGNOR-250589 CDH13 protein P55290 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265853 SYT1 protein P21579 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C346 16679567 t miannu "Because synaptotagmins bind SNAP-25 and Ca2+, SNAP-25 has also been linked to the Ca2+ dependence of exocytosis (42). One model suggests that synaptotagmin blocks full SNARE fusion pore formation by binding to t-SNAREs.This interaction prevents fusion from occurring in the absence of calcium. When Ca2+ is present, synaptotagmin releases the t-SNAREs so they can fully zipper with the v-SNARE, leading to fusion" SIGNOR-263975 GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257396 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT "Reduced Vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:8784 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "GGCX carboxylates the glutamic acid residues of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDP) to Gla using reduced vitamin K, while simultaneously oxidizing the reduced form of vitamin K to an epoxide form." SIGNOR-265908 GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16537363 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt." SIGNOR-145122 PDE1A protein P54750 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22014080 t "PDE1A and PDE1B preferentially hydrolyse cGMP, whereas PDE1C hydrolyses cAMP and cGMP with similar Km values" SIGNOR-253398 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser66 GVYATRSsAVRLRSS -1 2500966 t miannu "Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65. Domain- and sequence-specific phosphorylation of vimentin induces disassembly of the filament structure." SIGNOR-250068 ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT ADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:456216 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-268080 miR-23b mirna URS0000283D0A_9606 RNAcentral GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 21135128 t "MiR-130 reduces adipogenesis by repressing PPARγ biosynthesis and suggest that perturbations in this regulation is linked to human obesity." SIGNOR-255930 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser429 PQRERKSsSSSEDRN -1 11510412 t miannu "Direct phosphorylation of B-Raf by PKA exerts a negative effect on its kinase activity, essentially via phosphorylation of Ser429" SIGNOR-250339 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT DLD protein P09622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr135 STAVKALtGGIAHLF -1 29358703 t miannu "Here, we show that RIP3 activates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC, also known as PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme linking glycolysis to aerobic respiration, by directly phosphorylating the PDC E3 subunit (PDC-E3) on T135." SIGNOR-266372 ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256993 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser17 STISDFMsPGPTDLL 9606 20049328 t lperfetto "Gsk3beta phosphorylates bmal1 specifically on ser 17 and thr 21 and primes it for ubiquitylation. In the absence of gsk3beta-mediated phosphorylation, bmal1 becomes stabilized and bmal1 dependent circadian gene expression is dampened." SIGNOR-162786 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates jnk" SIGNOR-79507 OSBP2 protein Q969R2 UNIPROT cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 30925160 t lperfetto "CK1a1, JNK1 and CDK1 had the highest site-specific activity for ORP4L, while CDK1, GSK3a, CK1a1 and GSK3b showed the highest specificity for the site when corrected for background activity with ORP4L-S4A. Because of the complexity of the serine/proline-rich site, we did not determine which serine(s) in ORP4L were phosphorylated by candidate kinases.|We conclude that phosphorylation of a unique serine/proline motif in the ORD induces a conformation change in ORP4L that enhances interaction with vimentin and cholesterol extraction from membranes." SIGNOR-264879 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp329 EMEEDSYdSFGEPSY -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261748 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT EPHA5 protein P54756 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268895 DMPK protein Q09013 UNIPROT PLN protein P26678 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 15598648 t gcesareni "Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that dmpk and pln can physically associate. Furthermore, purified wild-type dmpk, but not a kinase-deficient mutant (k110a dmpk), phosphorylates pln in vitro" SIGNOR-131371 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 CGSSGYFsSSPTLSS 9606 22017877 t llicata "Phosphorylation of all three serine residues in the deptor degron (ser286, ser287, and ser291) is necessary for - and directly mediates - the interaction with _trcp. ck1 phosphorylated the degron of deptor, as shown by western blotting with the phospho-specific antibody (fig. S3e-f). In contrast, mtor alone was unable to induce phosphorylation of deptor on ser286, ser287, and ser291." SIGNOR-176879 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259022 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser12 KSKPKDAsQRRRSLE 9606 BTO:0001938 18069897 t gcesareni "We show that PR55gamma binds c-SRC and modulates the phosphorylation of serine 12 of c-SRC, a residue we demonstrate to be required for JNK activation by c-SRC" SIGNOR-247970 GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000938 15115814 f lperfetto "The targeting and clustering of AMPA and NMDA receptors to synapses in the CNS is essential for efficient excitatory synaptic transmission" SIGNOR-261433 RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11784866 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that the ras effector protein rin1 binds to activated ras with an affinity (k(d), 22 nm) similar to that observed for raf1." SIGNOR-113967 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 RFHSLPFsLTKMPNT 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204720 CENPU protein Q71F23 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265203 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY10 protein Q96PN6 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-203921 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr177 EDQAVTEyVATRWYR 9606 16336213 t lperfetto "Erk8 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 8) expressed in escherichia coli or insect cells was catalytically active and phosphorylated at both residues of the thr-glu-tyr motif. Dephosphorylation of the threonine residue by pp2a (protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2a) decreased erk8 activity by over 95% in vitro, whereas complete dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue by ptp1b (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b) decreased activity by only 15-20%" SIGNOR-142981 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21936881 t llicata "Tip60 regulates myoblast differentiation by enhancing the transcriptional activity of MyoD via their physical interactions." SIGNOR-237675 HMGCS2 protein P54868 UNIPROT (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:43074 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 29597274 t lperfetto "Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase (mHS, EC 2.3.3.10) catalyzes the condensation reaction between acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA in ketone body synthesis" SIGNOR-267660 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1336 RFMDGSPyAHMFEMS 9606 BTO:0000007 11024032 t "Tyr-1252, Tyr-1336, and Tyr-1472 of GluRε2 are phosphorylated in 293T cells when active Fyn is co-expressed." SIGNOR-251173 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr657 FGLGSRAyPHFCAFA 9606 BTO:0000007 18483407 t gcesareni "We found that fluid shear stress induces the association of enos with the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (pyk2) in endothelial cells and that the enos immunoprecipitated from enos- and pyk2-overexpressing hek293 cells was tyrosine-phosphorylated on tyr657." SIGNOR-178648 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr142 DSVTKLLtDVQLMKG 9606 12659875 t lperfetto "Transcriptional activity and dna binding of heat shock factor-1 involve phosphorylation on threonine 142 by ck2.As hsf1 is activated by heat shock simultaneously with the nuclear translocation of the protein kinase ck2, we have investigated the role of ck2 in hsf1 activatio" SIGNOR-99606 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ASB2 protein Q96Q27 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser371 RIRRSGVsPLHLAAE 24044920 t lperfetto "Indeed, using mass spectrometry, we showed for the first time that ASB2a is phosphorylated and that phosphorylation of serine-323 (Ser-323) of ASB2a is crucial for the targeting of the actin-binding protein filamin A (FLNa) to degradation. |Moreover, inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) activity reduced ASB2a-mediated FLNa degradation." SIGNOR-272241 GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256802 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27383048 t miannu "Upon stimulation with TNFα, TNFR1 recruits TRADD, which provides a scaffold for the assembly of complex I at the plasma membrane by binding with RIP1, TRAF2 and cIAP." SIGNOR-42980 androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione chemical CHEBI:131190 ChEBI CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7083195 t miannu "Recently, it was discovered that 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione, and 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione, compounds previously reported to be competitive inhibitors of aromatase, cause a time-dependent loss of aromatase activity in human placental microsomes." SIGNOR-258408 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr233 DDEDDSGtEES 9606 11546811 t lperfetto "The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, cdc34, has been implicated in the ubiquitination of a number of vertebrate substrates, including p27(kip1), ikappabalpha, wee1, and myod. We show that mammalian cdc34 is a phosphoprotein that is phosphorylated in proliferating cells. Phosphorylation of cdc34 by the associated kinase maps predominantly to residues 203 and 222. Mutation of cdc34 at ck2-targeted residues, ser-203, ser-222, ser-231, thr-233, and ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of cdc34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized cdc34 to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-110407 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1967 QQDKASLtRTLQHRI 9606 BTO:0000938 19824698 t lperfetto "We identified ser1403, thr1404, thr1410, thr1491 located within the roc domain, as well as thr1967 and thr1969 in the kinase domain, as the autophosphorylation sites. substitution of thr1969 located in close proximity to thr1967 had little effect on its kinase activity" SIGNOR-188417 RBM15 protein Q96T37 UNIPROT RBM15/NXF1 complex SIGNOR-C67 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17001072 t miannu "Rbm15 binds to nxf1 and the two proteins cooperate in stimulating rte-mediated mrna export and expression." SIGNOR-149883 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT ZFPM1 protein Q8IX07 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21853041 t miannu "GATA-2 induces the expression of GATA-1, which first activates its cofactor FOG-1, and then downregulates GATA-2 cooperatively with FOG-1." SIGNOR-256059 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14981546 f "Induction of Foxo3a phosphorylation by FLT3-ITD receptors in Ba/F3 cells correlates with the suppression of Foxo-target genes p27Kip1 and the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim" SIGNOR-261528 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 9606 BTO:0000763 14978237 t lperfetto "The tyr701 phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (stat1) induced by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (tpa) was inhibited by the protein kinase c (pkc) inhibitor staurosporine, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin, or the src kinase inhibitor pp2. An association between c-src and stat1 was increased by ifn-gamma and tpa, indicating the direct phosphorylation of stat1 by pkc-dependent c-src activation." SIGNOR-235696 ANO6 protein Q4KMQ2 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 24663380 f francesca "Ano6 deficiency significantly reduces ERK/AKT phosphorylation. Our data have also shown that Ano6-KD significantly attenuates ERK phosphorylation, which is implicated in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation by Ano1, suggesting that Ano6 is potentially involved in regulating myoblast proliferation through the ERK signaling pathway." SIGNOR-261214 CFAP53 protein Q96M91 UNIPROT DNAH11 protein Q96DT5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000379 33347437 t miannu "CFAP53 likely facilitates the transport of TTC25 and the dyneins into cilia. CFAP53 at the centriolar satellites may form a complex with TTC25 and ODAs, including DNAH5 and DNAH11, and regulate their trafficking into the cilium (Fig 10B)." SIGNOR-265545 SLC24A3 protein Q9HC58 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264396 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT CDH17 protein Q12864 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972;BTO:0004168 20568120 t "The present study aims to identify the transcription factors which interact and regulate CDH17 promoter activity that might contribute to the up-regulation of CDH17 gene in human HCC|we identified hepatic nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) and caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX2) binding sites at the proximal promoter region which modulate the CDH17 promoter activities in two HCC cell lines (Hep3B and MHCC97L)" SIGNOR-253963 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252879 COL15A1 protein P39059 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Muscle basement membrane consists primarily of a type IV collagen network, however types VI, XV, and XVIII are also present. Types XV and XVIII collagen are classified as multiplexins, which are heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The multiplexins can bind growth factors and also aid in linking the basement membrane to other basement membrane glycoproteins and endomysium" SIGNOR-254678 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA1C protein Q9BQE3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys40 DGQMPSDkTIGGGDD -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272247 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19237534 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We previously established that phosphorylation of lsf in early g1 at ser-291 and ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in g1 is required for its reactivation. At the peak activities of erk and cyclin c/cdk2 in early g1, lsf is efficiently phosphorylated on ser-291 and ser-309." SIGNOR-270110 N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide chemical CHEBI:63082 ChEBI ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20590599 t Luana "Thus, overall, salmeterol is a highly selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist because of its higher β2-affinity and not because of higher β2-intrinsic efficacy. A similar reasoning can be applied to formoterol, although this agonist has higher intrinsic efficacy at all three receptors (rank 6, 8 and 5 at β1, β2 and β3)." SIGNOR-257855 AATK protein Q6ZMQ8 UNIPROT STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17267545 f gcesareni "Taken together, our data are consistent with aatyk1 indirectly inhibiting the spak/wnk4 activation of the cotransporter by scaffolding an inhibitory phosphatase in proximity to a stimulatory kinase." SIGNOR-152921 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser59 FPPSPTGsLTQDPAR 9606 16484495 t llicata "We show here that gsk3beta phosphorylates and stabilizes the orphan nuclear receptor rev-erbalpha, a negative component of the circadian clock." SIGNOR-144570 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253503 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 20383198 f lperfetto "We also show that this kinase might also participate in the maintenance of the SAC in mammalian cells as Rsk2 knockdown in these cells prevents the kinetochore localization of Mad1, Mad2 and CENP-E under checkpoint conditions." SIGNOR-252037 RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT Dense-core_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH184 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31679900 f miannu "Here, we identify the SEC4 ortholog RAB3 and its neuronal effector, RIM1, as essential molecules for neuropeptide and neurotrophin release from dense-core vesicles (DCVs) in mammalian neurons. " SIGNOR-264375 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser707 IPPYQGLsPEESVNV 9606 21123173 t llicata "Deactivation of stat6 through serine 707 phosphorylation by jnk." SIGNOR-170153 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15747065 t gcesareni "Here, we identify ck1 and ck2 as major kinases that directly bind to and phosphorylate lef-1 inducing distinct, kinase-specific changes in the lef-1/dna complex.CK1-dependent phosphorylation inhibits, whereas ck2 activates lef-1/beta-catenin transcriptional activity in reporter gene assays." SIGNOR-134497 DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT Immortality phenotype SIGNOR-PH47 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000584 26428317 f "Telomere length must be maintained for the immortalization of malignant cells […] alternative lengthening of telomeres status was perfectly correlated with the loss of expression of either α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) or death domain-associated (DAXX) protein in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors" SIGNOR-256596 TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 10807585 t lperfetto "Furthermore, tsc2 is directly phosphorylated by akt, which is involved in stimulating cell growth and is activated by growth stimulating signals, such as insulin. Tsc2 is inactivated by akt-dependent phosphorylation, which destabilizes tsc2 and disrupts its interaction with tsc1." SIGNOR-77400 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2C protein O00762 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271356 OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr207 YYDTHTNtYYLRTFG 9606 16669787 t miannu "We have identified three residues in nkcc1 (thr175/thr179/thr184 in shark or thr203/thr207/thr212 in human) that are phosphorylated by spak and osr1 / exposure of hek-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells to osmotic stress, which leads to phosphorylation and activation of nkcc1, increased phosphorylation of nkcc1 at the sites targeted by spak/osr1" SIGNOR-146517 IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR Macrophage_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH126 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 32283152 f miannu "The rapid replication of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice induces the delayed release of IFN-α/β, which is accompanied by the influx of many pathogenic inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The accumulated mononuclear macrophages receive activating signals through the IFN-α/β receptors on their surface and produce more monocyte chemoattractants (such as CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12), resulting in the further accumulation of mononuclear macrophages." SIGNOR-260848 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12000790 t lperfetto "Complex of axin and casein kinase i (cki) induces beta-catenin phosphorylation at a single site: serine 45 (s45)." SIGNOR-227908 C1RL protein Q9NZP8 UNIPROT HP protein P00738 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg161 NPANPVQrILGGHLD 9534 BTO:0001538 15385675 t miannu "We demonstrate that coexpression of the proform of Hp (proHp) and C1r-LP in COS-1 cells effected cleavage of proHp in the endoplasmic reticulum. This cleavage depended on proteolytic activity of C1r-LP because mutation of the putative active-site Ser residue abolished the reaction. Furthermore, incubation of affinity-purified C1r-LP and proHp led to the cleavage of the latter protein. ProHp appeared to be cleaved at the expected site because substitution of Gly for Arg-161 blocked the reaction." SIGNOR-256358 GAPDHS protein O14556 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11724794 t miannu "GAPDH is commonly known as a key enzyme in glycolysis (GAPDH catalyzes the NAD-mediated oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate), a number of intriguing intracellular roles have been reported including modulation of the cytoskeleton, kinase activity, and the promotion of vesicle fusion" SIGNOR-266498 CDCA7L protein Q96GN5 UNIPROT MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20980443 f miannu "we identified two novel transcriptional repressors of MAO B, E2F-associated phosphoprotein (EAPP) and R1 (RAM2/CDCA7L/JPO2), that down-regulate MAO B via MAO B core promoter, which contains Sp1 sites." SIGNOR-253768 SIN3B protein O75182 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 26181367 t miannu "The present study shows that under bleomycin-induced stress, expression of Sin3B gets up-regulated and it gets recruited by p53 at its target promoters. Knockdown of Sin3B leads to impaired negative regulation of p53 target genes and thus exemplifies Sin3B as a critical player in down-regulation of p53 subset target genes." SIGNOR-266776 LY-2157299 chemical CHEBI:137064 ChEBI TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 18039567 t gcesareni "Ly2157299, a new type i receptor tgf-beta kinase antagonist, was" SIGNOR-159354 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 10428798 t lperfetto "Within er af-1, serines 104, 106, and 118 represent potential cdk phosphorylation sites, and in this current study, we ascertain their importance in mediating cyclin a-cdk2-dependent enhancement of er transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-217284 methylnaltrexone chemical CHEBI:136007 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258042 MMP28 protein Q9H239 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272372 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RGS16 protein O15492 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr168 TLMEKDSyPRFLKSP 9606 12588871 t miannu "Src-mediated rgs16 tyrosine phosphorylation promotes rgs16 stability. / this result suggests src phosphorylates native rgs16 at residue tyr177 in vitro." SIGNOR-98271 STAG2 protein Q8N3U4 UNIPROT CD69 protein Q07108 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 14660624 f miannu "Stag2 is able to enhance the activity of the tumor necrosis factor alpha, the cd69, and the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat promoters in a nf-kappab-dependent manner." SIGNOR-119985 CCL3 protein P10147 UNIPROT CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 20219869 t areggio "The investigators showed that myoblasts constitutively express receptors for CCL2 (CCR2), CCL3 (CCR1 and CCR5), and CCL4 (CCR5), and that stimulation with either CCL2 or CCL4 was sufficient to promote myoblast proliferation. " SIGNOR-255115 PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12032779 f miannu "Several different transcription factors have been implicated in the down-regulation of c-myc expression during differentiation, including C/EBPalpha, CTCF, BLIMP-1, and RFX1." SIGNOR-253828 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr212 TYSNEHFtPGNPPPH 9606 12556497 t llicata "Nlk phosphorylates lef-1/tcf on two serine/threonine residues located in its central region. Mutation of both residues to alanine enhanced lef-1 transcriptional activity and rendered it resistant to inhibition by nlk." SIGNOR-97873 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9534 BTO:0000298 10480933 t miannu "Full-length RSK1, RSK2, and RSK3 Are Activated when Coexpressed with PDK1 in COS7 Cells. Ser221 phosphorylation is increased 2–3-fold during ERK-mediated activation of RSK1 in COS1 cells" SIGNOR-250270 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser78 NKDQHSIsYTLSRAQ 9606 BTO:0000007 12496252 t lperfetto "In this article we demonstrate that pellino 1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites by irak1 or irak4 in vitro. The key residues involved in activation are located between residues 76 and 86 (ser-76, ser-78, thr-80, ser-82, and thr-86) and at thr-288 and ser-293, just n-terminal to the ring-like domain that carries the e3 ligase activity. Unusually, we found that the phosphorylation of ser-76 or thr-288 or ser-293 alone was sufficient for maximal activation" SIGNOR-96743 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253159 GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8245028 t gcesareni "The beta- but not the gamma- and delta-type isozymes of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c (plc) are activated by g protein alpha q and beta gamma subunits." SIGNOR-37149 GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT PLXNA2 protein O75051 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 19666519 f lperfetto "Genes encoding the neurovascular guiding molecule semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) and its receptor plexin A2 (PLXNA2) appear to be regulated directly by GATA6, and both GATA6 mutant proteins failed to transactivate these genes." SIGNOR-253149 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12947222 t "GATA-3 plays a central role in regulating Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Upon interleukin (IL)-4 binding to its receptor, GATA-3 is induced through the action of Stat6" SIGNOR-254299 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 inhibited foxo3's ability to induce cell death." SIGNOR-252995 COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000249 25169886 t lperfetto "Isolation, cloning, and sequence analysis of the integrin subunit alpha10, a beta1-associated collagen binding integrin expressed on chondrocytes." SIGNOR-253347 COL18A1 protein P39060 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "There are many naturally occurring proteins that can inhibit angiogenesis, including angiostatin, endostatin, interferon, platelet factor 4, thorombospondin, prolactin 16 kd fragment, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3" SIGNOR-252269 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SHMT2 protein P34897 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003291 18628958 t miannu "Myc regulates the de novo purine and pyrimidine synthetic genes in multiple biological systems. Intriguingly, MYC was found to directly activate the expression of SHMT1, and SHMT2, which are enzymes involved in single carbon metabolism and are essential for dNTP synthesis" SIGNOR-267380 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15899857 f miannu "YY1, a constitutively expressed multifunctional transcription factor, activates the Grp78 promoter only under ER stress conditions." SIGNOR-255620 IC-87114 chemical CHEBI:90686 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206187 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 17643117 t gcesareni "Pim1-dependent phosphorylation of histone h3 at serine 10 is required for myc-dependent transcriptional activation and oncogenic transformation." SIGNOR-265365 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr289 AGPKASPtPQKTSAK 9606 14741103 t llicata "In order to determine the sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5, serine or threonine in the nine potential sites were substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to create mutant Dcx proteins. hese were analyzed by co-transfection of 293T cells with cdk5/p35. All-sites-A mutant Dcx showed no slower migrating species on Western analysis, indicating that removal of all nine possible sites is sufficient to block the phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35. However, each single mutant Dcx retains the slower migrating species similar to the wild-type Dcx, suggesting that any single mutation is not sufficient to block phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35." SIGNOR-250656 TAF3/TRF3 complex SIGNOR-C23 SIGNOR Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 17704303 f llicata "Here we report that differentiation of myoblast to myotubes involves the disruption of the canonical holo-TFIID and replacement by a novel TRF3/TAF3 (TBP-related factor 3/TATA-binding protein-associated factor 3) complex." SIGNOR-237621 SDF2L1 protein Q9HCN8 UNIPROT LRP4 protein O75096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24140340 t llicata "Here, we show that the chaperon Mesdc2 binds to the intracellular form of Lrp4 and promotes its glycosylation and cell-surface expression. These results suggest that Mesdc2 plays an essential role in NMJ formation by promoting Lrp4 maturation." SIGNOR-237942 EHF protein Q9NZC4 UNIPROT DCDC2 protein Q9UHG0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 22733135 f "Mechanistically, we found that the ETS transcription factor ESE3/EHF, which is expressed in normal prostate and frequently lost in prostate tumors, maintained DCDC2 repressed by binding to a novel identified ETS binding site in the gene promoter." SIGNOR-254279 UFL1 protein O94874 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys32 DNIQGITkPAIRRLA 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001938 30886146 t lperfetto "Here we report that UFM1 specific ligase 1 (UFL1), an ufmylation E3 ligase, is important for ATM activation." SIGNOR-265072 ELK3 protein P41970 UNIPROT MYH6 protein P13533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 12933792 f miannu "From HeLa cells an Ets family of protein, Ets-related protein (ERP), binds to double-stranded PNR element. The ERP.PNR complex inhibited the activity of the basal transcription complex from homologous as well as heterologous promoters in a PNR position-independent manner, suggesting that ERP acts as a silencer of alpha-MHC gene expression in non-muscle cells." SIGNOR-253900 DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16554461 f gcesareni "Notch1-induced erbb2 expression in cerebellar astroglia occurs via dtx1" SIGNOR-145319 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser409 HGLSLIPsTGLCSPD 9606 10673502 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O75030-9" gcesareni "The current study reveals that c-kit signaling triggers two phosphorylation events on mi, which up-regulate transactivation potential yet simultaneously target mi for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The specific activation/degradation signals derive from mapk/erk targeting of serine 73, whereas serine 409 serves as a substrate for p90 rsk-1. An unphosphorylatable double mutant at these two residues is at once profoundly stable and transcriptionally inert." SIGNOR-252791 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr523 FTSAEPQyQPGDQT -1 7515063 t llicata "CSK catalyzed phosphorylation affects Tyr-511 of c-Fgr, homologous to Tyr-527 of c-Src and it prevents the autophosphorylation normally occurring at c-Fgr Tyr-400, homologous to c-Src Tyr-416. | Once phosphorylated at Tyr-511 and down-regulated by CSK, c-Fgr is no more susceptible to polylysine stimulation." SIGNOR-250779 BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18615013 t gcesareni "Bora/aurora-a-dependent phosphorylation is a prerequisite for plk1 to promote mitotic entry after a checkpoint-dependent arrest." SIGNOR-179425 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 24643470 t miannu "This manuscript comprehensively reviews the preclinical data on afatinib, an irreversible inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (ErbB) including EGFR, HER2 and ErbB4. Afatinib covalently binds to cysteine 797 of the EGFR and the corresponding cysteines 805 and 803 in HER2 and ErbB4, respectively." SIGNOR-259443 SND1 protein Q7KZF4 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30365124 f irozzo "SND1 upregulation is a common phenomenon in different human malignant tissues. We found that SND1 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-259135 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT SLC44A2 protein Q8IWA5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0003065 21367571 f lperfetto "Among these, SLC44A2 (a putative choline transporter) was strikingly upregulated by ethanol (three fold), and GCN5 silencing downregulated it" SIGNOR-260408 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0000130 9323209 t amattioni "Caspase-3 mediates cleavage of gelsolin, generating a fragment that severs actin filaments in an unregulated fashion. The cleavage of gelsolin causes cells to round up, detach and undergo nuclear fragmentation." SIGNOR-51652 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT PSME3 protein P61289 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser247 EKIKRPRsSNAETLY 9606 BTO:0001938 25361978 t miannu "REGγ interacts with DBC1 and is phosphorylated by Chk2." SIGNOR-273611 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr3 tSQKHRDF 9606 16495336 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain. Coexpression of vrk1 and gfp-baf greatly diminishes the association of baf with the nuclear chromatin/matrix and leads to its dispersal throughout the cell" SIGNOR-144791 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ARHGAP26 protein Q9UNA1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser685 PMFSAPSsPMPTSST -1 9525907 t miannu "In vitro, purified mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of Graf on serine 510, suggesting that Graf phosphorylation may be mediated through MAP kinase signaling." SIGNOR-262944 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19653274 f irozzo "Expression of Lef-1 FL, but not the newly identified Lef-1 Deltaexon VI, induced the expression of the cell cycle regulating proteins c-myc and cyclin D1 in cooperation with beta-catenin and it enhanced cell proliferation" SIGNOR-256281 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 21295277 t flangone "We provide evidence suggesting that Beta-catenin’s interaction with the pluripotency regulator Oct-4 at least partially underlies its effects on sustaining pluripotency." SIGNOR-241981 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA3E protein Q6PEY2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys40 DGQMPSDkTIGGGDD -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272248 Oxotremorine chemical CHEBI:7851 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258653 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265376 dabrafenib chemical CHEBI:75045 ChEBI NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0005011 29112787 t Monia "We have identified dabrafenib as a potent inhibitor of NEK9 and CDK16, and our studies suggest that inhibition of these kinases may have activity against cancers that do not harbor BRAF mutations. We confirmed NEK9 to be a potent target of dabrafenib by in vitro kinase assays, with inhibition of NEK9 observed in the single-digit nanomolar range." SIGNOR-261072 prednisolone chemical CHEBI:8378 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 11777359 t "rheumatoid arthritis" gcesareni SIGNOR-251699 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser353 VQNKRRRsVTPPEEQ 9606 23708659 t lperfetto "Rsk promotes g2/m transition through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b rsk is likely to be more active in mitotic cells than in interphase cells, as evidenced by the phosphorylation status of t359/s363 in rsk. Together, these findings indicate that rsk promotes g2/m transition in mammalian cells through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b." SIGNOR-202121 DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 7227 22162134 t lperfetto "The expression of dx, which physically interacts with notch, favors a mono-ubiquitinated state of the receptor, which leads to a ligand-independent intracellular activation of notch" SIGNOR-254317 NDUFB10 protein O96000 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and |The main ND4-module intermediate binds NDUFB1, NDUFB4, NDUFB5, NDUFB6, NDUFB10, NDUFB11 and MT-ND4" SIGNOR-262163 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT KIR3DL1 protein P43629 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser388 RTANSEDsDEQDPEE 9606 17911614 t gcesareni "In this study, we have mapped constitutive phosphorylation sites for casein kinases, protein kinase c, and an unidentified kinase on the kir cytoplasmic domain. Three of these phosphorylation sites are highly conserved in human inhibitory kir. Functional studies of the wild-type receptor and serine/threonine mutants indicated that phosphorylation of ser(394) by protein kinase c slightly suppresses kir3dl1 inhibitory function, and reduces receptor internalization and turnover." SIGNOR-158125 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0000975 11145955 t tpavlidou "Subsequent studies with dominant negative elk-1, wild type, and variant gal4-elk-1 fusion proteins confirmed that phosphorylation of elk-1 at serines 383 and 389 in the c-terminal region of elk-1 is an important downstream target associated with activation of an sre by e2. Both e2 (er?-Dependent) and growth factors (er?-Independent) activated the sre in breast cancer cells via the ras/mapk pathway" SIGNOR-85510 AKAP11 protein Q9UKA4 UNIPROT PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 21776420 t miannu "We show that IQGAP2 is regulated by an interaction with the A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220. Phosphorylation of IQGAP2 via AKAP220-anchored PKA leads to enhanced Rac binding. Since AKAPs function to direct PKA toward specific substrates, we proposed that the formation of an IQGAP2/AKAP220/PKA ternary complex sharpens the response to cAMP." SIGNOR-273741 PEBP1 protein P30086 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10490027 t gcesareni "Suppression of raf-1 kinase activity and map kinase by rkip. Rkip binds to raf-1, mek and erk, but not to ras." SIGNOR-70838 USF2 protein Q15853 UNIPROT CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 9731700 f miannu "Overexpression of cathepsin D (CD), a ubiquitous lysosomal protease, is closely associated with a poor clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer. Estrogen greatly induces transcription of the CD gene in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. These experiments suggest a model for ER stimulation of the CD promoter in which recruitment of USF-1/2 to the promoter is required for activation of transcription." SIGNOR-255594 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Neverthless, some transcription factors, such as e47, er81, srf and creb are also phosphorylated by mk2" SIGNOR-166640 MBD3 protein O95983 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263847 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG 9606 15821101 t gcesareni "Ptp1b has been shown to regulate the activation of cytokine receptors through the dephosphorylation of specific members of the jak family, namely jak2 and tyk2" SIGNOR-134955 FFAR2 protein O15552 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257276 RAB1A protein P62820 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27479033 t Giulio "Hemagglutinin (HA)-Rab1A is associated with mTOR and Raptor, not Rictor (Figure S2A), and is bound more with Myc-Raptor than Myc-mTOR (Figures S2B and S2C).|Rab1A Is an mTORC1 Activator and a Colorectal Oncogene" SIGNOR-261286 ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser222 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 BTO:0000567 8621729 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrated that a-raf is, indeed, a mek1 activator and may play a role in growth factor signaling|The immunoprecipitates were assayed for GST-MEK1 activation. D, activation of MEK1 by A-Raf requires the presence of serine residue 218 and 222." SIGNOR-235944 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT DIO1 protein P49895 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5’-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-y." SIGNOR-267487 SCYL1 protein Q96KG9 UNIPROT CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 24769208 t lperfetto "Moreover, TEIF closely co-localized with C-NAP1 at the proximal ends of centrioles, and centriolar loading of TEIF stimulated by EGF/Akt could displace C-NAP1, resulting in centrosome splitting." SIGNOR-265497 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser664 QSAFAGFsFVNPKFE 9606 11959144 t "PP2A(c) displayed the highest specific activity towards PKCdelta. The role of PP2A(c) in the dephosphorylation of PKCdelta in cells was supported by the demonstration that these proteins could be co-immunoprecipitated from NIH3T3 cells.|In conclusion, the evidence here indicates that PKCdelta de-phosphorylation and hence inactivation is effected by PP2A with which it forms a complex" SIGNOR-248639 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17139329 t fferrentino "Phosphorylation of receptor-regulated SMADs (for example, SMAD1 or SMAD3) stimulates dimer formation with SMAD4 and translocation to the nucleus, where the SMADs regulate the transcription of target gene SMAD3 binds to C/EBPs and inhibits their transcriptional activity, including their ability to transactivate the Pparg2 promoter" SIGNOR-253538 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr686 VKDSQVGtVNYMPPE 9606 19120698 t llicata "Autophosphorylation appears to be a priming event for kinase activation. We identified mps1 autophosphorylation sites in the activation and the p+1 loops. Whereas activation loop autophosphorylation enhances kinase activity, autophosphorylation at the p+1 loop (t686) is associated with the active kinase." SIGNOR-183030 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr34 KDQFPEVyVPTVFEN 9606 BTO:0000567 23027962 t lperfetto "When these RhoA mutants were coexpressed with Bcr-Abl, phosphorylation levels of Y34F and Y66F RhoA mutants dramatically decreased to 32% and 17%, respectively. As expected, when Y34 and Y66 were both mutated to phenylalanine, phosphorylation was completely abolished. Together, these observations indicate that Y34 and Y66 are the two predominant phosphorylation sites, and that the Src kinase and Bcr-Abl are the two candidate kinases that may phosphorylate these sites.|In contrast to active RhoA, RhoAQ63L(Y34,66E) had a dramatic decrease in RBD binding. This binding fraction was even lower than that of WT RhoA, suggesting phosphorylation at these sites could have a negative effect on RhoA activity" SIGNOR-271700 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGB2 protein Q9Y5G2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265710 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 10195903 t "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-252324 BTG1 protein P62324 UNIPROT HOXB9 protein P17482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10617598 t miannu "The leukemia-associated protein Btg1 and the p53-regulated protein Btg2 interact with the homeoprotein Hoxb9 and enhance its transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-221019 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser334 PLGDDEAsATVSKTE -1 9099669 t lperfetto "Thus, the primary protein kinase C sites are Ser334 and Ser338, with minor phosphorylation of Thr335/336 and Ser343." SIGNOR-248966 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HLA-A protein P04439 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8206526 f miannu "In melanoma, HLA class I expression is suppressed by overexpression of the c-myc oncogene." SIGNOR-254603 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr157 GIRKRPAtDDSSTQN 9606 18570873 t lperfetto "Mtor may promote g1 progression in part through sgk1 activation and deregulate the cell cycle in cancers through both akt- and sgk-mediated p27 t157 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic p27 mislocalization." SIGNOR-244202 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 16982699 t lperfetto "More importantly, the consequences of phosphorylation of either Thr145 or Ser146 are distinct. When p21 is phosphorylated on Thr145, it localizes to the nucleus and results in the disruption of the association between proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p21. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Thr145 promotes stabilization of p21" SIGNOR-244187 DTNBP1 protein Q96EV8 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22203680 t lperfetto "We show that BLOC-1 is an elongated complex that contains one copy each of the eight subunits pallidin, Cappuccino, dysbindin, Snapin, Muted, BLOS1, BLOS2, and BLOS3. The complex appears as a linear chain of eight globular domains, ∼300 A long and ∼30 A in diameter." SIGNOR-265933 SSTR5 protein P35346 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256690 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MEX3B protein Q6ZN04 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271174 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 10090 BTO:0001516 17138568 t miannu "SOCS proteins can act as E3 ligases by forming a complex with Elongin B/C and Cul5/Rbx1/2.SOCS3 targets Siglec 7 for degradation" SIGNOR-272643 UBE2C protein O00762 UNIPROT Mitotic_checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH28 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 19632176 f miannu "The evolution of prostate cancer from an androgen-dependent state (ADPCa) to one that is androgen-independent (AIPCa) marks its lethal progression. The androgen receptor (AR) is essential in both, though its function in AIPCa is poorly understood. We have defined the direct AR-dependent target genes in both AIPCa and ADPCa by generating AR-dependent gene expression profiles and AR cistromes. In contrast to ADPCa, AR selectively up-regulates M-phase cell cycle genes in AIPCa including UBE2C, a gene that inactivates the M-phase checkpoint." SIGNOR-251544 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser344 QDDDAPLsPMLYSSS 9606 19282669 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-184573 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT OSCAR protein Q8IYS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 16046394 f lperfetto "NFATc1 expression results in the activation of the OSCAR promoter, which was found to be further enhanced by co-expression of PU.1 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)." SIGNOR-271689 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257388 "Ionizing radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST16 SIGNOR TRIM13 protein O60858 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 21333377 f miannu "These data suggest that irradiation causes RFP2 overexpression, which enhances ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis by increasing p53 stability and decreasing AKT kinase activity through MDM2 and AKT degradation." SIGNOR-271854 (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 22863277 t gcesareni "In contrast, stimulation of gs-coupled receptors by glucagon or epinephrine activates lats1/2 kinase activity, thereby inhibiting yap function." SIGNOR-198501 BPLF1 protein P03186 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23365429 t scontino "EBV-encoded BPLF1 interacts with and deubiquitinates TRAF6 to inhibit NF-κB signaling during lytic infection. Once lytic replication is induced, BPLF1 then deubiquitinates and inactivates TRAF6 to further block NF-κB signaling, promoting efficient viral genome replication." SIGNOR-266739 9b protein P59636 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 25135833 f miannu "SARS-coronavirus Open Reading frame-9b Suppresses Innate Immunity by Targeting Mitochondria and the MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 Signalosome. Acting on mitochondria, ORF-9b targets the mitochondrial-associated adaptor molecule MAVS signalosome by usurping PCBP2 and the HECT domain E3 ligase AIP4 to trigger the degradation of MAVS, TRAF3, and TRAF 6." SIGNOR-260243 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1092 TFLPVPEyINQSVPK 10090 BTO:0002882 16122376 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "EGFR possesses three major and two minor tyrosine autophosphorylation sites located at Y1068, Y1148, Y1173, and at Y992 and Y1086 respectively. In addition, EGFR Y1114 is preceded by glutamic acid (Figure 1), which should be preferred by the EGFR kinase as indicated in previous work" SIGNOR-236523 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT ALDOB protein P05062 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255061 "Vincristine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:79401 ChEBI Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000142 30599272 t miannu "Vincristine is commonly administered as an effective anti-brain tumor drug. Vincristine treatment also impaired the microtubule-associated protein tubulin, and fibronectin, and downregulated MMP10 activity." SIGNOR-259254 KLF3 protein P57682 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18391014 f fspada "We find that c/ebpalpha is derepressed in klf3 and ctbp knockout fibroblasts and adipocytes from klf3 knockout mice." SIGNOR-210117 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 19759537 t gcesareni "Xav939 inhibits the poly-adp-ribosylating enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2." SIGNOR-188057 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 14633703 t "Here, we identify PP1 as a serine/threonine phosphatase that associates with and dephosphorylates AKT in breast cancer cells|The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin and the ErbB inhibitor ZD1839 promote rapid PP1 phosphatase-dependent inactivation of AKT in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-252604 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser215 SGRAREAsGAPTSSK 9606 BTO:0000938 17470458 t acerquone "The work presented here is the first demonstration that phosphorylation at s215 and s792 by akt regulates ligand binding, and the subcellular distribution of the receptor" SIGNOR-154631 trimipramine chemical CHEBI:9738 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258741 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr223 LKKVVALyDYMPMNA -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254694 (+)-pilocarpine chemical CHEBI:8207 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258626 C5 protein P01031 UNIPROT C5AR2 protein Q9P296 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 cleavage:Arg751;Arg677 HKDMQLGrLHMKTLL;KEILRPRrTLQKKIE 11773063 t "complement C5a (anaphylatoxin) fragment: PRO_0000005988" gcesareni "Here we report that the orphan receptor c5l2/gpr77, which shares 35% amino acid identity with cd88, binds c5a with high affinity." SIGNOR-113558 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser35 ETPLNQEsARKSEPP 9606 20122401 t llicata "Wnt5a/pkcalpha-dependent phosphorylation on serine residue 35 of roralpha is crucial to link roralpha to wnt/beta-catenin signaling, which exerts inhibitory function of the expression of wnt/beta-catenin target genes." SIGNOR-163702 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253430 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 14523016 t amattioni "Smac3, a novel Smac/DIABLO splicing variant, accelerates XIAP auto-ubiquitination and destruction" SIGNOR-118411 GCM2 protein O75603 UNIPROT CASR protein P41180 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004712 BTO:0000975 18712808 f miannu "we show that both promoters (P1 and P2) of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene, a differentiation marker for the parathyroid gland, are transactivated by wild-type GCM2." SIGNOR-254199 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr373 SEDDEDCyGNYDNLL 9606 20643654 t miannu "Src-dependent pdk1 tyr373/376 tyrosine phosphorylation. / optimal activation of pdk1 requires phosphorylation of tyr373/376" SIGNOR-166718 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR SEC31A protein O94979 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination lys1217 9606 BTO:0000567 22358839 t miannu "By analyzing mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) division, we have identified Cul3Klhl12 as a regulator of COPII coat formation. Cul3Klhl12 monoubiquitinates Sec31 and drives assembly of large COPII-coats. As a result, ubiquitination by Cul3Klhl12 is essential for collagen export, a step that is required for integrin-dependent mESC division." SIGNOR-272013 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23645839 f apalma "For example, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 1 of the major metabolites downstream of both COX-1 and COX-2, has been shown to activate β-catenin–dependent signaling in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and promote HSC expansion" SIGNOR-255695 SGI-1776 chemical CID:24795070 PUBCHEM PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206862 NEK8 protein Q86SG6 UNIPROT NEK8 protein Q86SG6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr162 SSKSKAYtVVGTPCY -1 11864968 t miannu "Multimerization and autophosphorylation of Nek8 are important for its activation.Our data suggests that one site for Nek8 autophosphorylation may be Thr-210 within the activation loop." SIGNOR-250298 SPRY1 protein O43609 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11585837 t gcesareni "Taken together, these results establish mammalian sprouty proteins as important negative regulators of growth factor signaling and suggest that sprouty proteins act downstream of the grb2.Sos Complex to selectively uncouple growth factor signals from ras activation and the map kinase pathway." SIGNOR-110948 DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 19195802 f Luana "DLX5 and adjacent DLX6 are homeobox genes working in neurogenesis." SIGNOR-265797 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253487 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 SPLLLTTtNSSEGLS 9606 11152499 t tpavlidou "Taken together, these results show that pkr is autophosphorylated on serine 83 and threonines 88, 89, and 90, that this autophosphorylation may enhance kinase activation, and that the inhibition of pkr by hcv e2 is not solely due to duplication of and competition with these autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-85789 SH3GLB1 protein Q9Y371 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 16227588 f gcesareni "Here, we provide evidence that bif-1 plays a regulatory role in apoptotic activation of not only bax but also bak and appears to be involved in suppression of tumorigenesis. while bif-1 did not directly interact with bak, it heterodimerized with bax on mitochondria in intact cells, and this interaction was enhanced by apoptosis induction and preceded the bax conformational change." SIGNOR-141163 SEMA5A protein Q13591 UNIPROT PLXNB3 protein Q9ULL4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 15218527 t miannu "Plexin-B3 is a functional receptor for semaphorin 5A. Here we show that plexin-B3 is a high-affinity receptor specific for Sema5A. We further demonstrate that plexin-B3 activation by Sema5A mediates functional responses in plexin-B3-expressing cells (either fibroblasts, epithelial and primary endothelial cells)." SIGNOR-268373 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT PSMA7 protein O14818 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr153 QTDPSGTyHAWKANA 9606 16678104 t lperfetto "Proteasome-mediated proteolysis is a primary protein degradation pathway in cells. The present study demonstrates that c-abl and arg (abl-related gene) tyrosine kinases associate with and phosphorylate the proteasome psma7 (alpha4) subunit at tyr-153. Consequently, proteasome-dependent proteolysis is compromised" SIGNOR-146589 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT MAP1S protein Q66K74 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000142 18680552 t miannu "Gigaxonin is the substrate-specific adaptor for a new Cul3-E3-ubiquitin ligase family that promotes the proteasome dependent degradation of its partners MAP1B, MAP8 and tubulin cofactor B." SIGNOR-268947 DIP2A protein Q14689 UNIPROT ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003102 33622779 t miannu "Here, using cultured hippocampal neurons pooled from both sexes of mice, we provide evidence that binding to cortactin tethers Abl2 in spines, where Abl2 and cortactin maintain the small pool of stable actin required for dendritic spine stability." SIGNOR-266593 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser353 VQNKRRRsVTPPEEQ 9606 16082213 t lperfetto "We show that bypass of the g2/m checkpoint by the chk1 kinase inhibitor ucn-01 results in the activation of aurora-a and phosphorylation of cdc25b on s353" SIGNOR-139396 FANCM protein Q8IYD8 UNIPROT FANCF protein Q9NPI8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20064461 t gcesareni "Protein interaction motifs in fancm, designated mm1 and mm2, were identified. Mm1 interacts with the fa core complex by binding to fancf, whereas mm2 interacts with rm1 and topoisomerase iiialpha, components of the bs complex." SIGNOR-163101 RPIA protein P49247 UNIPROT "D-ribulose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17363 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267067 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0004479 20570526 t Luana "Sunitinib [inhibits KDR, PDGFR2, PDGFRβ, c-KIT and FLT3; approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors]," SIGNOR-257848 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004911 20395365 f Regulation miannu "BCL11A and SOX6 co-occupy the human beta-globin cluster along with GATA1, and cooperate in silencing gamma-globin transcription in adult human erythroid progenitors." SIGNOR-251804 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser276 SMQLRRPsDRELSEP 9606 19911008 t llicata "In this study we show that phosphorylation of rela/p65 at ser276 prevents its degradation by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. importantly, we identify pim-1 as a further kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of rela/p65 at ser276." SIGNOR-259411 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11237216 t gcesareni "Although the three ppar subtypes are closely related and bind to similar dna response elements as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor rxr, each subserves a distinct physiology" SIGNOR-105448 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EEA1 protein Q15075 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16138080 t gcesareni "We found that p38alpha can phosphorylate the rab5 effectors eea1 and rabenosyn-5 on thr-1392 and ser-215, respectively, and these phosphorylation events regulate the recruitment of eea1 and rabenosyn-5 to membranes." SIGNOR-140085 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR KIF4A protein O95239 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 24510915 t miannu "Biochemical studies on the kinesins confirmed KIFC1, KIF18A, KIF2C, and KIF4A as APC/C substrates. Furthermore, we showed that the APC/CCDH1-dependent degradation of KIFC1 regulates the bipolar spindle formation and proper cell division. Our in vitro degradation assays showed a time-dependent degradation for four of the five potential substrates tested: KIF18A, KIF2C, KIFC1 and KIF4A were readily degraded in vitro, however remained stable in the presence of either APC/C inhibitor (Fig​(Fig4A4A and Supplementary Fig S3A)." SIGNOR-266112 "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR Protein_glycosylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH144 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272056 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 17069764 t miannu "In this report, we demonstrated that LUBAC, a ubiquitin ligase complex, is an E3 of activated cPKCs. LUBAC preferentially bound PMA-activated PKCa and PKCbII and their constitutively active mutants (Fig. 2). degradation of PMA-activated PKCa was delayed in HOIL-1L/-MEF (Fig. 3F). These results indicate that LUBAC is the ubiquitin ligase that induces ubiquitination and degradation of activated cPKCs." SIGNOR-271617 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT JAG2 protein Q9Y219 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004914 14586405 f "We found that TNF induced the expression of Notch-1, Notch-4, and Jagged-2 in RSF. The expression of these proteins was detected in the RA synovial tissues." SIGNOR-253608 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr242 FFQQQMIyDSPPSRA 10090 10978177 t "HGab-1 was phosphorylated by IR at eight tyrosine residues (Y242, Y285, Y373, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). t Gab-1 is the major binding partner of PI-3 kinase in 3T3L1 cells when stimulated with insulin" SIGNOR-251310 ELOVL1 protein Q9BW60 UNIPROT 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267896 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AANAT protein Q16613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser205 HPFLRRNsGC -1 11336675 t miannu "AANAT1–207 was phosphorylated in vitro at both PKA sites, Thr-31 and Ser-205. regulation is achieved by binding to 14-3-3, which structurally modulates the substrate binding sites, leading to measurable effects on the affinity of AANAT for its substrates with an accompanying increase in activity at low substrate concentrations. " SIGNOR-250324 WICH complex SIGNOR-C449 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16603771 t miannu "We show here that the WICH complex (WSTF-SNF2h) interacts with several nuclear proteins as follows: Sf3b155/SAP155, RNA helicase II/Gualpha, Myb-binding protein 1a, CSB, the proto-oncogene Dek, and nuclear myosin 1 in a large 3-MDa assembly, B-WICH, during active transcription. Our results show that a WSTF-SNF2h assembly is involved in RNA polymerase III transcription, and we suggest that WSTF-SNF2h-NM1 forms a platform in transcription while providing chromatin remodeling." SIGNOR-268829 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHADAEMtGYVVTRW -1 9218798 t "SKK3 mediates the activation of SAPK4. Phosphorylation and activation of SAPK4 and SAPK2a by purified SKK3." SIGNOR-251424 L-dopa smallmolecule CHEBI:15765 ChEBI dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Subsequently, L-DOPA is converted into 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine) through decarboxylation by the enzyme L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase) in the pre-synaptic terminal" SIGNOR-264174 SMG1 protein Q96Q15 UNIPROT UPF1 protein Q92900 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1107 SQIDVALsQDSTYQG 9606 23356578 t lperfetto "Smg-1 directly phosphorylates upf1 helicase, another key component of nmd, upon recognition of ptc on postspliced mrna during the initial round of translation. Phosphorylated-upf1 recruits the smg-5/smg-7 complex to induce ribosome dissociation and decapping-mediated decay. T28 and s1096 are responsible for phospho-specific recruitment of smg-6 to the n-terminal conserved region, and the smg-5/smg-7 heterodimer complex to the c-terminal sq-rich region of upf1, respectively" SIGNOR-200789 MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 21152872 f lperfetto "We found that mekk1/mekk4 as opposed to ask1, are responsible for trail-induced c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) or p38 activation," SIGNOR-170534 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 22387692 f lperfetto "Although the regulation mechanism of the ARNT expression is largely unknown, earlier studies reported that the human ARNT protein level was decreased by hydrogen peroxide or reactive oxygen species." SIGNOR-253689 estriol smallmolecule CHEBI:27974 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258586 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IFI16 protein Q16666 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser132 GAQKRKKsTKEKAGP 9606 BTO:0000567 11115400 t llicata "Here we examine the functionality of the interferon-induced factor 16 (IFI 16) CcN motif, demonstrating its ability to target a heterologous protein to the nucleus, and to be phosphorylated specifically by the CcN-motif-phosphorylating protein kinase CK2 (CK2). | Specific phosphorylation of IFI 16 Ser132 in HeLa cell extracts and by purified CK2 in vitro" SIGNOR-250902 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 23175188 f miannu "Here we demonstrated that the class III histone deacetylase SIRT2 was upregulated by N-Myc in neuroblastoma cells and by c-Myc in pancreatic cancer cells, and that SIRT2 enhanced N-Myc and c-Myc protein stability and promoted cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255148 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser39 FMRLRRLsTKYRTEK 9606 7520867 t miannu "Ptp-pest is phosphorylated in vitro by both cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka) and protein kinase c (pkc) at two major sites, which we have identified as ser39 and ser435 / phosphorylation of ser39 in vitro decreases the activity of ptp-pest by reducing its affinity for substrate." SIGNOR-27300 SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 16930133 t "Hippo pathway" Gianni "Association of mammalian sterile twenty kinases, Mst1 and Mst2, with hSalvador via C-terminal coiled-coil domains, leads to its stabilization and phosphorylation." SIGNOR-261958 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT STRADA protein Q7RTN6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr419 SGIFGLVtNLEELEV 9606 BTO:0000007 12805220 t lperfetto "Endogenous LKB1 and STRAD form a complex in which STRAD activates LKB1, resulting in phosphorylation of both partners.LKB1 phosphorylates STRAD at Thr329 and Thr419" SIGNOR-247564 3-methyladenine chemical CHEBI:38635 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205639 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GLRB protein P48167 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr435 RDFELSNyDCYGKPI 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 11882681 t gcesareni "These findings indicate that glyr function is upregulated by ptks and this modulation is dependent on the tyrosine-413 residue of the beta subunit." SIGNOR-115705 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser435 KKLERNLsFEIKKVP 9606 7520867 t llicata "Ptp-pest is phosphorylated in vitro by both cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka) and protein kinase c (pkc) at two major sites, which we have identified as ser39 and ser435. our results suggest that both pkc and pka are capable of phosphorylating, and therefore inhibiting, ptp-pest in vivo" SIGNOR-27304 CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT CEP63 protein Q96MT8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 26297806 t lperfetto "Primary microcephaly (MCPH) associated proteins CDK5RAP2, CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 colocalize at the centrosome. We found that they interact to promote centriole duplication and form a hierarchy in which each is required to localize another to the centrosome, with CDK5RAP2 at the apex, and CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 at sequentially lower positions. MCPH proteins interact with distinct centriolar satellite proteins; CDK5RAP2 interacts with SPAG5 and CEP72, CEP152 with CEP131, WDR62 with MOONRAKER, and CEP63 with CEP90 and CCDC14. These satellite proteins localize their cognate MCPH interactors to centrosomes and also promote centriole duplication. Consistent with a role for satellites in microcephaly, homozygous mutations in one satellite gene, CEP90, may cause MCPH. The satellite proteins, with the exception of CCDC14, and MCPH proteins promote centriole duplication by recruiting CDK2 to the centrosome." SIGNOR-271722 IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 15695813 t lperfetto "Although the name implies that it functions as a GTPase-activating protein, IQGAP1 actually stabilizes Cdc42 and Rac1 in the active, GTP-bound form (5, 8, 17). Thus, IQGAP1 acts as an “anti-GTPase-activating protein” for Cdc42 and Rac1, with marked effects on the cytoskeleton. " SIGNOR-261888 BPLF1 protein P03186 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 24586164 t scontino "In the current study, we have found that BPLF1 interferes with innate immune activation by targeting multiple intermediates along the TLR signal transduction pathway, including TRAF6, NEMO, and IκBα. BPLF1 can remove ubiquitin tags from proteins in the TLR signaling cascade. This inhibits TLR signaling and decreases the expression of immune response genes." SIGNOR-266743 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser737 EPLERRLsLVPDSEQ 9606 19095655 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates CFTR¬†in vitro¬†at two essential serines (Ser737and Ser768) in the R domain, formerly identified as ""inhibitory"" PKA sites.|Interestingly two of these sites, namely Ser737 and Ser768, have been identified as “inhibitory” R domain sites, i.e. when mutated to alanines they augment the open probability of CFTR relative to wild type|Our present results suggest that it might be AMPK rather than PKA that is phosphorylating Ser737 and Ser768 under baseline conditions" SIGNOR-250350 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser328 QDAYRRNsVRFLQQR 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t esanto "Pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation. The use of p47phox mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc?, ???, And ?." SIGNOR-89233 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation." SIGNOR-272713 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 9829964 t "The nuclear factor CREB stimulates the expression of cellular genes following its protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-133. Ser-133 phosphorylation, in turn, activates target gene expression by promoting recruitment of the co-activator CBP. |When overexpressed in serum-stimulated cells, Akt/PKB potently induced Ser-133 phosphorylation of CREB and promoted recruitment of CBP." SIGNOR-251474 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MTHFR protein P42898 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr34 KDSSRCStPGLDPER 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 24769206 t miannu "We have demonstrated that MTHFR is phosphorylated on T34by CDK1/Cyclin B1 in vivo and this phosphorylation peaks duringmitosis and decreases its enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-263888 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20300203 t gcesareni "The kinase(s) responsible for the phosphorylation of the ikb inhibitors remained elusive for many years, until the biochemical purification of a cytoplasmic high-molecular weight complex migrating around 700900 kda and containing two related catalytic subunits, ikkalfa and ikkbeta." SIGNOR-164506 UCHL3 protein P15374 UNIPROT Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270832 SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253454 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL 9606 21454698 t gcesareni "The identification of focal adhesion kinase (fak) as a direct substrate for ret kinase revealed (i) a ret-fak transactivation mechanism consisting of direct phosphorylation of fak tyr-576/577 by ret and a reciprocal phosphorylation of ret by fak, which crucially is able to rescue the kinase-impaired ret k758m mutant and (ii) that fak binds ret via its ferm domain. Interestingly, this interaction is abolished upon ret phosphorylation, indicating that ret binding to the ferm domain of fak is a priming step for ret-fak transactivation." SIGNOR-173017 UBQLN2 protein Q9UHD9 UNIPROT Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 27477512 f lperfetto "UBQLN2 recognizes client-bound HSP70 and links it to the proteasome to allow for the degradation of aggregated and misfolded proteins." SIGNOR-262267 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24212651 f miannu "P53 is a nuclear transcription factor with a pro-apoptotic function" SIGNOR-256664 PHACTR1 protein Q9C0D0 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001949 21939755 t lperfetto "Phactr-1 was previously identified as protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) Œ±-interacting protein that possesses actin-binding domains. We showed that Phactr-1 depletion decreased PP1 activity, disrupted the fine-tuning of actin polymerization and impaired lamellipodial dynamics. Taken together our results strongly suggest that Phactr-1 is a key component in the angiogenic process." SIGNOR-264656 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 AFIAARGsFDGSSSQ 9606 15946941 t Luana "Phosphorylation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Attenuates Their Enzymatic Activities | We also determined that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylates GRK1 at Ser(21) and GRK7 at Ser(23) and Ser(36) in vitro. These sites are also phosphorylated when FLAG-tagged GRK1 and GRK7 are expressed in HEK-293 cells treated with forskolin to stimulate the endogenous production of cAMP and activation of PKA." SIGNOR-260841 NEUROG3 protein Q9Y4Z2 UNIPROT NHLH1 protein Q02575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19028584 f miannu "Ngn3 overexpression altered the expression of a number of regulatory genes, including ash1, ath3, ath5, chx10, neuroD, ngn1, ngn2, and NSCL1. Early gene ngn1 was induced, but ash1, ngn2, ath3, and chx10, whose expressions persist through later phases of neurogenesis, were down-regulated. Ngn3 overexpression increased the NSCL1-expressing domain corresponding to young ganglion cells" SIGNOR-254634 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser140 GKKATQAsQEY 9606 BTO:0000671 19234442 t gcesareni "The stress-response kinase jnk1, activated by dna damage and initiating a pro-apoptotic program, has been recently shown to translocate into the nucleus upon activation where it phosphorylates substrates including h2ax s139, an event critical for dna degradation mediated by caspase-activated dnase (cad) in apoptotic cells" SIGNOR-184146 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15694340 t gcesareni "Bim binds prosurvival proteins comparably. The members that promote cell survival, including mammalian bcl-2, bcl-xl,bcl-w, mcl-1, and a1." SIGNOR-133832 PARL protein Q9H300 UNIPROT PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000007 22354088 t miannu "Using an unbiased RNA-mediated interference (RNAi)-based screen, we identified four mitochondrial proteases, mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protease (PARL), m-AAA and ClpXP, involved in PINK1 degradation. We find that PINK1 turnover is particularly sensitive to even modest reductions in MPP levels. Moreover, PINK1 cleavage by MPP is coupled to import such that reducing MPP activity induces PINK1 accumulation at the mitochondrial surface, leading to Parkin recruitment and mitophagy." SIGNOR-261364 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser436 TNGSIGHsPLSLSAQ 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204700 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT TPD52 protein P55327 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser176 KNSPTFKsFEEKVEN 9606 20032513 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate, using site-specific mutations, that ca(2+)-sensitive phosphorylation at serine 136 modulates the accumulation of d52 at the plasma membrane within 2 min of cell stimulation" SIGNOR-162630 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9534 9430721 t Luana "The p38 MAP kinase kinase MKK6 is identified as a common activator of p38 alpha, p38 beta 2, and p38 gamma MAP kinase isoforms" SIGNOR-260721 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT PRDX3 protein P30048 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr146 SHLAWINtPRKNGGL 9606 BTO:0000793 21850687 t miannu "Here, we show that LRRK2 interacts with human peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), a mitochondrial member of the antioxidant family of thioredoxin (Trx) peroxidases. Importantly, mutations in the LRRK2 kinase domain significantly increased phosphorylation of PRDX3 compared to wild-type. The increase in PRDX3 phosphorylation was associated with decreased peroxidase activity and increased death in LRRK2-expressing but not in LRRK2-depleted or vector-transfected neuronal cells." SIGNOR-262891 5-chloro-N2-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]phenyl]-N4-(2-propan-2-ylsulfonylphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine chemical CHEBI:91338 ChEBI ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207132 CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Thus, it has been shown that calpain cleaves the inhibitory domain of GSK3 generating two fragments of 40 and 30 kDa. This cleavage enhanced activity of the kinase" SIGNOR-251613 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "L-asparagine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58048 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-268071 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser927 DSDSVCDsGVETSFR 9606 BTO:0000459 SIGNOR-C13 10469655 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates p105 resulting in its degradation, which releases tpl2 resulting in activation of the pro-proliferative map kinase- pathway." SIGNOR-70469 "valproic acid" chemical CHEBI:39867 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 11742974 t Federica "Here we show that VPA inhibits corepressor-associated HDACs at therapeutically employed concentrations and acts as a potent inducer of differentiation in several types of transformed cells." SIGNOR-261078 HOXA13 protein P31271 UNIPROT EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000942 21829694 t Luana "Analysis of normalized luciferase expression confirmed that wt HOXA13 regulates gene expression through the EphA7 cis-regulatory DNA element" SIGNOR-261631 LPCAT2 protein Q7L5N7 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272765 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 26293922 t gcesareni "PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, but not other PtdInsPn species, interacts with SIN1-PH to release its inhibition on the mTOR kinase domain, thereby triggering mTORC2 activation" SIGNOR-252430 FOXP2 protein O15409 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002881 21832174 t Gianni "FOXP2 binds directly to the 5' regulatory region of MET, and overexpression of FOXP2 results in transcriptional repression of MET. The expression of MET in restricted human neocortical regions, and its regulation in part by FOXP2, is consistent with genetic evidence for MET contributing to ASD risk." SIGNOR-269054 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM49 protein P0CI25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271152 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12514131 t gcesareni "Taken together, these findings support a model in which apoptotic stimuli or posh overexpression induce direct association between posh and inactive mlks." SIGNOR-97006 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ACOT4 protein Q8N9L9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser392 GGEPRAHsKAQEDAW 9606 BTO:0001861 33148467 t lperfetto "HSPA1A was found to associate with ACOT4. Furthermore, we found that phosphorylation of ACOT4 at S392 by AKT decreased the binding of ACOT4 to HSPA1A, resulting in ACOT4 accumulation. |AKT phosphorylates ACOT4 at S392 and promotes ACOT4 stability" SIGNOR-271821 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20974802 t gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6." SIGNOR-169004 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser111 KESLRSRsTRMSTVS 9606 23055517 t lperfetto "Here we found that mcak is a cognate substrate of pak1 wherein pak1 phosphorylates mcak on serines 192 and 111 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that pak1 phosphorylation of mcak on serines 192 and 111 preferentially regulates its microtubule depolymerization activity and localization to centrosomes" SIGNOR-199080 ZFP91 protein Q96JP5 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 20682767 t gcesareni "Zfp91 interacts with and promotes the lys(63)-linked ubiquitination of nik and subsequent processing of p100 to p52." SIGNOR-167331 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22493435 t miannu "BTG2 was found to up-regulate expression of antioxidant enzymes known to be regulated by NFE2L2, including catalase, SOD1, and SOD2" SIGNOR-254651 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11731619 t gcesareni "In intact hc11 cells, ptp-pest was constitutively associated with jak2, and in response to egf treatment there was an increased level of ptp-pest in jak2 complexes. An in vitro phosphatase assay, using prl-activated jak2 as the substrate and lysates from hc11 cells as the source of ptp-pest, revealed that jak2 could serve as a ptp-pest substrate." SIGNOR-112383 PMCH protein P20382 UNIPROT MCHR1 protein Q99705 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10421367 t gcesareni "Here we show that the 353-amino-acid human orphan g-protein-coupled receptor slc-1 expressed in hek293 cells binds mch with sub-nanomolar affinity, and is stimulated by mch to mobilize intracellular ca2+ and reduce forskolin-elevated cyclic amp levels." SIGNOR-69517 DLG3 protein Q92796 UNIPROT NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization BTO:0000227 32904533 t lperfetto "DLG3 plays a critical role in clustering of NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses." SIGNOR-266005 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252874 RNF123 protein Q5XPI4 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25860612 t miannu " Here, we identify KPC1 as the Ub ligase (E3) that binds to the ankyrin repeats domain of p105, ubiquitinates it, and mediates its processing both under basal conditions and following signaling." SIGNOR-272221 "Non-erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C385 SIGNOR F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 24302288 t lperfetto "Spectrin is a member of the F-actin-crosslinking protein superfamily." SIGNOR-266031 SPSB2 protein Q99619 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20603330 t miannu "We have identified SPRY domain-containing SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) box protein 2 (SPSB2) as a novel negative regulator that recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to polyubiquitinate iNOS, resulting in its proteasomal degradation. A cell-free ubiquitination assay was established to demonstrate SPSB2-dependent ubiquitination of iNOS. LPS/IFN-γ–stimulated macrophage lysates from Spsb2−/− mice were used as a source of iNOS and incubated with ubiquitin and a trimeric SPSB2/elongin BC complex in the presence of E1 and E2 (UbcH5a) enzymes, Rbx2, and Cullin5 for various times." SIGNOR-271899 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TPX2 protein Q9ULW0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser121 PAQPQRRsLRLSAQK 9606 BTO:0000567 26240182 t lperfetto "Here we show that TPX2, a microtubule-bundling protein and activator of Aurora A, plays an important role. TPX2 was phosphorylated by Aurora A during mitosis. Its phospho-null mutant caused short metaphase spindles coupled with low microtubule flux rate. Interestingly, phosphorylation of TPX2 regulated its interaction with CLASP1 but not Kif2a.|This suggests that TPX2 phosphorylation positively regulates the function of CLASP1.| This is in accord with a phosphoproteomics study that identified S121 and S125 as potential phosphorylation sites for Aurora A in mitotic HeLa cells" SIGNOR-265089 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12771128 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "A dominant-negative mutant of high cell densityenhanced ptp 1 (dep-1)//cd148 as well as reduction of its expression by rna interference partially restore vegfr-2 phosphorylation and map kinase activation." SIGNOR-269897 bexarotene chemical CHEBI:50859 ChEBI RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002058 17483357 t miannu "Bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a selective retinoid X receptor agonist, prevents and reverses gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC cells by modulating gene amplification." SIGNOR-259231 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19237534 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We previously established that phosphorylation of lsf in early g1 at ser-291 and ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in g1 is required for its reactivation. At the peak activities of erk and cyclin c/cdk2 in early g1, lsf is efficiently phosphorylated on ser-291 and ser-309." SIGNOR-270201 D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "D-serine acts in concert with L-glutamate (triangles) to activate NMDA receptors|D-serine released from astrocytes seems to be an endogenous ligand of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (3, 8). Depletion of endogenous D-serine in slices and cultured cells strongly diminishes NMDA receptor responses measured biochemically and electrophysiologically" SIGNOR-268278 glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267955 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10770941 t miannu "The binding of Ca2+/CaM to CaM-KK is absolutely required for its activation and efficient phosphorylation of target protein kinases" SIGNOR-266328 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser615 SYKIRFNsISCSDPL 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251626 KCNMA1 protein Q12791 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31152168 t miannu "The large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ (BK) channel is a tetramer consisting of four α-subunits encoded by the KCNMA1 gene on chromosome 10q22.3." SIGNOR-269191 MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT MYH2 protein Q9UKX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238703 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT MTA3 protein Q9BTC8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18719363 f miannu "MTA1 overexpression resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin and MTA3 expression and enhanced expression of the transcriptional repressors SNAIL and SLUG." SIGNOR-254595 VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 t lperfetto "Many studies have contributed to shed light on the importance of von Willebrand factor (VWF) interaction with its platelet receptors, glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V and αIIbβ3 integrin, in promoting primary platelet adhesion and aggregation following vessel injury" SIGNOR-261853 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT miR-146a mirna URS000075D8A0_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21730352 f miannu "We provide evidence that PU.1 directly controls expression of at least 4 of these miRs (miR-146a, miR-342, miR-338, and miR-155) through temporally dynamic occupation of binding sites within regulatory chromatin regions adjacent to their genomic coding loci. We conclude that PU.1 bound to open chromatin near 4 of its induced miR loci with 2 types of kinetics: (1) permanent (miR-146a, miR-342, and miR-338) and (2) transient (miR-155) during myeloid differentiation." SIGNOR-256243 CEP152 protein O94986 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 26297806 t lperfetto "Primary microcephaly (MCPH) associated proteins CDK5RAP2, CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 colocalize at the centrosome. We found that they interact to promote centriole duplication and form a hierarchy in which each is required to localize another to the centrosome, with CDK5RAP2 at the apex, and CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 at sequentially lower positions. MCPH proteins interact with distinct centriolar satellite proteins; CDK5RAP2 interacts with SPAG5 and CEP72, CEP152 with CEP131, WDR62 with MOONRAKER, and CEP63 with CEP90 and CCDC14. These satellite proteins localize their cognate MCPH interactors to centrosomes and also promote centriole duplication. Consistent with a role for satellites in microcephaly, homozygous mutations in one satellite gene, CEP90, may cause MCPH. The satellite proteins, with the exception of CCDC14, and MCPH proteins promote centriole duplication by recruiting CDK2 to the centrosome." SIGNOR-271724 PELI2 protein Q9HAT8 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 17997719 t gcesareni "These studies suggest that pellino isoforms may be the e3 ubiquitin ligases that mediate the il-1-stimulated formation of k63-pub-irak1 in cells, which may contribute to the activation of ikkbeta and the transcription factor nf-kappab, as well as other pathways dependent on irak1/4." SIGNOR-159058 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A6 protein Q9UHW9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr991 SAYTYERtLMMEQRS 9606 24043619 t Manara "WNK3, which inhibits the activity of KCC3, promoted phosphorylation of Ser-96 as well as Thr-991 and Thr-1048. " SIGNOR-260912 RNF152 protein Q8N8N0 UNIPROT RRAGA protein Q7L523 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25936802 t miannu " Here, we identified the lysosome-anchored E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF152 as an essential negative regulator of the mTORC1 pathway by targeting RagA for K63-linked ubiquitination. RNF152 interacts with and ubiquitinates RagA in an amino-acid-sensitive manner. The mutation of RagA ubiquitination sites abolishes this effect of RNF152 and enhances the RagA-mediated activation of mTORC1. Ubiquitination by RNF152 generates an anchor on RagA to recruit its inhibitor GATOR1, a GAP complex for Rag GTPases. " SIGNOR-272222 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser794 LSNCTKKsPNKIASG 9606 BTO:0000938 19151707 t lperfetto "Here we show that cdk5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5), activated by dna damage, directly phosphorylates atm at ser 794 in post-mitotic neurons. Phosphorylation at ser 794 precedes, and is required for, atm autophosphorylation at ser 1981, and activates atm kinase activity" SIGNOR-183454 fluoxymesterone chemical CHEBI:5120 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 10077001 t miannu "The anabolic steroids, oxandrolone and fluoxymesterone, have high inhibition constants for binding, yet induce the N/C interaction and stabilize AR at relatively low ligand concentrations and are AR agonists in vivo." SIGNOR-259264 IL2 protein P60568 UNIPROT NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22128144 f miannu "We observe that the CD8(+) T-cell autocrine growth factor IL-2 coordinately increases Nab2 expression and decreases TRAIL expression." SIGNOR-253894 TFAP2B protein Q92481 UNIPROT PTGDS protein P41222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002605 15743775 f miannu "Deletion and mutation of the AP-2 element at -98 in the L-PGDS gene promoter result in a drastic decrease in the reporter activity (Figs. 1 and 2). Results from the EMSA and ChIP assay demonstrated that AP-2β bound to the AP-2 element both in vitro and in TE671 cells" SIGNOR-255425 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PACS1 protein Q6VY07 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser278 SPDIDNYsEEEEESF 10090 BTO:0003532 14633983 t llicata "Phosphorylation of Ser278 by CK2 or a Ser278-->Asp mutation increased the interaction between PACS-1 and cargo, whereas a Ser278-->Ala substitution decreased this interaction. Moreover, the Ser278-->Ala mutation yields a dominant-negative PACS-1 molecule that selectively blocks retrieval of PACS-1-regulated cargo molecules to the TGN." SIGNOR-250925 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT HMGCR protein P04035 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000759 31848472 t miannu "The processed SREBP2, designated nuclear SREBP2 (nSREBP2), then enters the nucleus as a homodimer, binds to the sterol regulatory element (SRE) sequence in the promoters of target genes, including HMGCR and SQLE (encoding squalene monooxygenase), and upregulates their transcription" SIGNOR-265161 DUSP5 protein Q16690 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10224087 t gcesareni "Extracellular regulated kinases (erk) 1 and erk2 are authentic substrates for the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase vhr. A novel role in down-regulating the erk pathway" SIGNOR-67355 GADD45A protein P24522 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C17 10362260 t gcesareni "Gadd45 has now been found to directly inhibit the activity of cdc2/cyclin b1 complex" SIGNOR-68221 PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266539 LMP1 protein P03230 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 26428373 f scontino "Soon, it has been recognized that TES1 and 2 coincide with two regions named C-terminal activating regions (CTAR) 1 and 2, respectively, that are responsible for interaction of LMP1 with cellular signaling molecules. Early studies revealed that both CTAR1 and CTAR2 contribute to the activation of NF-κB, Later, it became evident that CTAR1 primarily activates the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, while CTAR2 is responsible for canonical NF-κB activation." SIGNOR-267616 FFAR2 protein O15552 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257342 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19661484 f miannu "Thrombomodulin upregulation was independent of NF-kappaB signaling, a principal target of proteasome inhibitors, but was instead a direct consequence of increased expression of the Krüppel-like transcription factors, KLF2 and KLF4." SIGNOR-254546 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT VPS16 protein Q9H269 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001279 28515487 f "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events in hFUS+/+; Smn+/− mice. As shown in Fig. 6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected in hFUS+/+ mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-262808 "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" methylation 9606 12670868 t miannu "The Set1/Ash2 HMT methylates histone H3 at Lys 4 (K4), but not if the neighboring K9 residue is already methylated." SIGNOR-265349 N protein P59595 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 17108024 f miannu "The data presented here indicate that N protein inhibits interferon production, while ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins are able to inhibit both interferon production and interferon signaling. IRF-3 activation is inhibited in cells that express ORF 3b, ORF 6, or N protein, and NF-κB is inhibited in cells expressing N protein." SIGNOR-260340 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser477 PQFSYSAsGTA 9606 BTO:0000093 24670654 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of S477 and T479 at the Akt extreme carboxy terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A or mTORC2, under distinct physiological conditions, promotes Akt activation through facilitating, or functionally compensating for, S473 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252441 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1675 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269343 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16601693 t gcesareni "Here, we show that axin activates tgf-beta signaling by forming a multimeric complex consisting of smad7 and ubiquitin e3 ligase arkadia. Axin is a scaffold protein in tgf-beta signaling that promotes degradation of smad7 by arkadia." SIGNOR-145845 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 EWEAQRDsHLGPHRS 9606 BTO:0000007 14576165 t lperfetto "A phosphorylation site at serine residue 346 was identified that is selectively phosphorylated by PKC but not by PKA. This site is localized within a recognition motif for caspases, and phosphorylation strongly inhibits proteolytic processing of PS1 by caspase activity during apoptosis." SIGNOR-249238 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" fstefani "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3). the dual specificity phosphatases that specifically dephosphorylate and inactivate the p-erk1/2 are called mapk phosphatases" SIGNOR-269927 RBP4 protein P02753 UNIPROT retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 31963453 t lperfetto "In the blood, serum retinol travels in association with Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)" SIGNOR-265106 PIK3C2A protein O00443 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 23119004 t gcesareni "Pi3ks phosphorylate the d3 position of membrane phosphatidylinositides to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3)." SIGNOR-199367 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser92 SFLVRKPsDPNRKPN 9606 19923321 t lperfetto "Serines 11 and 92 participate in the control of snail1 stability and positively regulate snail1 repressive function and its interaction with msin3a corepressor. Furthermore, serines 11 and 92 are required for snail1-mediated emt and cell viability, respectively. Pka and ck2 have been characterized as the main kinases responsible for in vitro snail1 phosphorylation at serine 11 and 92, respectively." SIGNOR-161779 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 17210684 t llicata "Based on all these observations, it is legitimate to suggest that axin and daxx seem to adopt both parallel routes and a convergent means to activate p53. In either case, hipk2 seems to be the protein kinase that catalyzes the ser46 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-151930 BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 "BTO:0002418;BTO:0002552;BTO:0000018; BTO:0002207;BTO:0002203" 23725574 f irozzo "Our data suggested that increased expression of BAD enhance apoptosis and has negative influence on cell proliferation and tumor growth in NSCLC. Bad is a new potential target for tumor interventions." SIGNOR-256259 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8939914 t gcesareni "Several lines of investigation have suggested that rsk is phosphorylated and activated by erk1/2 mapk isoforms" SIGNOR-44949 SMOC1 protein Q9H4F8 UNIPROT COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20359165 f lperfetto "The expression of several osteoblast differentiation markers (ALP, COL1, OPN, ON, BSP and OC) was higher in SMOC1-overexpressing cells than in emptyvector-expressing cells" SIGNOR-260402 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT CDC37 protein Q16543 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser13 VWDHIEVsDDEDETH 9606 18922470 t "Activation of protein kinase clients by the Hsp90 system is mediated by the cochaperone protein Cdc37. Cdc37 requires phosphorylation at Ser13|PP5/Ppt1 regulates phosphorylation of Ser13-Cdc37 in vivo, directly affecting activation of protein kinase clients by Hsp90-Cdc37." SIGNOR-248539 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI GLRA2 protein P23416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001175;BTO:0001279;BTO:0000146 18721822 t miannu "The glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyR), a member of the pentameric Cys-loop ion channel receptor family, mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord, brainstem and retina." SIGNOR-264981 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT DLX3 protein O60479 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser138 KPRTIYSsYQLAALQ 10090 11343707 t lperfetto "Dlx3 is primarily phosphorylated by PKCalpha. By deletion and mutational analysis, we show that the serine residue S138, located in the homeodomain of Dlx3 protein, was specifically phosphorylated by PKC. The phosphorylation of purified Dlx3 proteins by PKC partially inhibited formation of complexes between Dlx3 protein and DNA. These results suggest that Dlx3 protein can be directly phosphorylated by PKC and this affects the DNA binding activity of Dlx3. | Since DNA binding may reveal only a part of Dlx3 protein function, we cannot rule out the influence of phosphorylation on other biological functions. Thus, the characterization of the full biological function of PKC phosphorylation of Dlx3 protein will require further studies." SIGNOR-249095 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086;BTO:0005511 15983365 f miannu "Transfection of NANOG-specific small interfering RNAs reduced levels of NANOG transcript and protein and induced activation of the extraembryonic endoderm-associated genes GATA4, GATA6, LAMININ B1, and AFP as well as upregulation of trophectoderm-associated genes CDX2, GATA2, hCG-alpha, and hCG-beta." SIGNOR-254627 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT CASC3 protein O15234 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 21478859 t lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263383 CTF1 protein Q16619 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9030543 t gcesareni "In the cos-7 cell line demonstrate that gp130-gp190 heterocomplex formation is essential for ct-1 signaling" SIGNOR-46509 EBNA1 protein P03211 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 29659505 f scontino "EBNA1 has been reported to block p65 activation by inhibiting IKKα/β through an unknown mechanism, we suggest that, in NPC, NF-κB signaling and EBNA1 may form a regulatory loop which supports EBV latent gene expression, while also limiting NF-κB activity" SIGNOR-266802 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BU1 protein Q8N257 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRGRkESYSIYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271990 M protein P59596 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 17705188 t lperfetto "Together, these results indicate that SARS-CoV M suppresses NF-kappaB activity probably through a direct interaction with IKKbeta, resulting in lower Cox-2 expression." SIGNOR-260261 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255526 MRPS18B protein Q9Y676 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261452 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser174 LSPASSGsSASFISD 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252326 LMP2 protein P13285 UNIPROT IFNGR2/INFGR1 complex SIGNOR-C142 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 19718044 f scontino "The EBV-encoded Latent Membrane Proteins, LMP2A and LMP2B, Limit the Actions of Interferon by Targeting Interferon Receptors for Degradation. LMP2A and LMP2B increase the turnover and degradation of IFNAR1 and IFNGR1. LMP2A and LMP2B reduce the half-life of IFNAR1 and IFNGR1." SIGNOR-266825 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 KELEKRAsGQAFELI 9606 BTO:0000661 16982419 t gcesareni "Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (mt) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. In vitro, ser16 of recombinant human stathmin was phosphorylated also by purified cam kinase ii, and in vivo, cam kinase ii activity was indeed stimulated in cd2-triggered jurkat cells. Altogether, our results favor an association of cam kinase ii activity with costimulatory signals of t lymphocyte activation and phosphorylation of stathmin on ser16." SIGNOR-149640 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NDRG2 protein Q9UN36 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser332 LSRSRTAsLTSAASV 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000763 15461589 t llicata "Sgk1 phosphorylated ndrg2 at thr330, ser332 and thr348 in vitro. for example, the phosphorylation of thr330 or ser332 by sgk1 may prime ndrg2 for phosphorylation by gsk3 at ser326 and ser328 respectively, for example, the phosphorylation of thr330 or ser332 by sgk1 may prime ndrg2 for phosphorylation by gsk3 at ser326 and ser328 respectively, the phosphorylation of thr348 by sgk1 may prime for phosphorylation at ser344" SIGNOR-129672 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HNRNPC protein P07910 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser260 SEGGADDsAEEGDLL 9606 15687492 t gcesareni "In contrast, hnRNP-C1 that was also modified at the CK1alpha phosphorylation sites exhibited a 14-500-fold decrease in binding affinity, demonstrating that CK1alpha-mediated phosphorylation modulates the mRNA binding ability of hnRNP-C." SIGNOR-133540 HBEGF protein Q99075 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t "Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor??is synthesized as a membrane-anchored mitogenic and chemotactic glycoprotein." gcesareni "Ten growth factors and their erbb specificities are depicted: egf, amphiregulin((ar), and tgfalfa bind erbb-1, betacellulin, heparin binding egf-like growth factor, and epiregulin bing both erbb-1 and erbb-4" SIGNOR-121977 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser473 PPSGTKKsKRGRGRP 9606 12529391 t llicata "Pkc-mediated phosphorylation at s486 does not affect s6k activity but eliminates the function of its nuclear localization signal and causes retention of an activated form of the kinase in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-97283 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-16668 SORBS1 protein Q9BX66 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11001060 t gcesareni "Cbl is recruited to the insulin receptor by interaction with the adapter protein cap, through one of three adjacent sh3 domains in the carboxy terminus of cap" SIGNOR-82283 "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257712 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 10230396 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-67396 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004136 12393465 t "RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion protein (AML-ETO)" apalma "Here we show that AML1-ETO blocks the transcriptional activity of PU.1 by displacing its coactivator c-Jun." SIGNOR-255670 DPM2 protein O94777 UNIPROT "DPM complex" complex SIGNOR-C289 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10835346 t lperfetto "Human dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase consists of three subunits, DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3." SIGNOR-262564 ZNF804A protein Q7Z570 UNIPROT MGAM protein O43451 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23434502 t miannu "ZNF804A has been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia by several genome-wide association studies (GWAS), follow-up association studies and meta-analyses. ZNF804A was identified as a schizophrenia-associated gene by GWAS and was predicted to play a role in DNA binding and transcription To identify the genes that are affected by ZNF804A, we manipulated the expression of the ZNF804A protein in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell lines and performed a cDNA microarray analysis followed by qPCR. We found that ZNF804A-overexpression up-regulated four genes (ANKRD1, INHBE, PIK3AP1, and DDIT3) and down-regulated three genes (CLIC2, MGAM, and BIRC3)." SIGNOR-269466 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Pip3 acts in turn as a docking site for two kinases, phosphoinositidedependent kinase 1 (pdk1) and akt, and the subsequent phosphorylation of akt at serine 308 by pdk1, leading to akt activation." SIGNOR-175675 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr676 FGMSRDIySTDYYRV 9606 9099755 t gcesareni "In vitro studies indicate that trka autophosphorylates at tyrosines 490, 670, 674, 675, and 785" SIGNOR-47171 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT KIF7 protein Q2M1P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 19666503 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that Kif7, a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Costal2 (Cos2), is a cilia-associated protein that regulates signaling from the membrane protein Smoothened (Smo) to Gli transcription factorsIn response to activation of Smo Kif7 at the cilia tip may antagonize Sufu to promote activation of Gli proteins." SIGNOR-209605 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 LQTDGNRsSHSRLGR 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-250830 KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 BTO:0000567 15620353 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases, functions as a histone demethylase and transcriptional corepressor. LSD1 specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4, which is linked to active transcription." SIGNOR-264507 TRIM23 protein P36406 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28871090 t miannu "TRIM23 interacts with TBK1 and p62. TRIM23 GTPase activates TBK1 to phosphorylate p62. Biochemical characterization showed that TRIM23 binds with its C-terminal ARF domain to the N-terminal KD of TBK1, and that GTP hydrolysis activity of the ARF stimulates TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of p62 at S403 in its ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, which was shown to promote cargo recruitment and autophagic flux" SIGNOR-266654 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 18794881 f lperfetto "The pten tumour suppressor is a lipid and protein phosphatase that inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-dependent by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (ptdinsp(3))." SIGNOR-236663 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser192 PRPDHTKsIYTRSVI -1 10075701 t miannu "Eight autophosphorylation sites were identified in Cdc42-activated gamma-PAK, six of which are in common with those previously reported in alpha-PAK, while Ser-19 and Ser-165 appear to be uniquely phosphorylated in the gamma-form. Further, the phosphorylation of Ser-141, Ser-165, and Thr-402 was found to correlate with gamma-PAK activation. The information resulting from manual Edman degradation and from automated sequencing clearly identified Ser-192, Ser-197, and Thr-402 as the phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-250225 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17900900 t lperfetto "The energy sensor amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) has been shown to directly phosphorylate foxo factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the akt phosphorylation sites, resulting in foxo activation" SIGNOR-252886 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21779497 f gcesareni "Pi3k can also activate rac, and this activation is involved in cytoskeleton reorganization." SIGNOR-252707 HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "The histone deacetylase hdac-5, upon dephosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus, directly inactivates mef2, preventing myogenesis." SIGNOR-84029 WICH complex SIGNOR-C449 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16514417 t miannu "Here, we show by biochemical fractionation of nuclear extracts, protein-protein interaction studies and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that NM1 is part of a multiprotein complex that contains WICH, a chromatin remodelling complex containing WSTF (Williams syndrome transcription factor) and SNF2h. NM1, WSTF and SNF2h were found to be associated with RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA). RNA interference-mediated knockdown of NM1 and WSTF reduced pre-rRNA synthesis in vivo, and antibodies to WSTF inhibited Pol I transcription on pre-assembled chromatin templates but not on naked DNA. The results indicate that NM1 cooperates with WICH to facilitate transcription on chromatin." SIGNOR-268830 RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT COMMD5 protein Q9GZQ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30021164 t miannu "The N terminus of COMMD5 binds to the endosomal Rab5, and its C terminus, including the COMMD domain, binds to the cytoskeletal scaffolding." SIGNOR-261691 ARHGAP12 protein Q8IWW6 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260469 GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264950 D-glucopyranose smallmolecule CHEBI:4167 ChEBI UDP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58223 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16157350 t miannu "Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (beta4Gal-T1) transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins." SIGNOR-268472 POMT complex SIGNOR-C372 SIGNOR DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" glycosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 14699049 t miannu "we showed that coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 (another gene homologous to yeast protein O-mannosyltransferases) was necessary for the enzyme activity, but expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone was insufficient. The requirement of an active enzyme complex of POMT1 and POMT2 suggests that the regulation of protein O-mannosylation is complex. Further, protein O-mannosylation appears to be required for normal structure and function of α-dystroglycan in muscle and brain." SIGNOR-265431 ZRSR2 protein Q15696 UNIPROT ZRSR2/U2AF2 complex SIGNOR-C81 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9237760 t miannu "Recognition of a functional 3' splice site in pre-mrna splicing requires a heterodimer of the proteins u2af65/u2af35." SIGNOR-50176 Ac-Asp-Glu(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:76931 ChEBI N-acetyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16953 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10085079 t miannu "The neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate (NAAG)1 is expressed both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Hydrolysis of the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) by N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) to release glutamate may be important in a number of neurodegenerative disorders in which excitotoxic mechanisms are implicated." SIGNOR-268124 DRAM2 protein Q6UX65 UNIPROT RHOC protein P08134 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30755245 f irozzo "Here, we show that DRAM2 may act as an oncogenic regulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, DRAM2 overexpression increased the expression of proteins RAC1, RHOA, RHOC, ROCK1, and decreased RHOB expression, all of which are cell migration factors." SIGNOR-259143 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CEP55 protein Q53EZ4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser425 NREKVAAsPKSPTAA 9606 16198290 t lperfetto "Upon mitotic entry, centrosome dissociation of cep55 is triggered by erk2/cdk1-dependent phosphorylation at s425 and s428. S425/428 phosphorylation is required for interaction with plk1, enabling phosphorylation of cep55 at s436. enabling it to relocate to the midbody to function in mitotic exit and cytokinesis." SIGNOR-140890 N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-[3-[2-[5-ethyl-2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylsulfonyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]-2-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl]-2-methoxybenzamide chemical CHEBI:91401 ChEBI INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192883 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16571110 t gcesareni "Smad7, induced by alk1 activation, recruits pp1? To alk1 and thereby inhibits tgf-?/Alk1-induced smad1/5 phosphorylation in ecs" SIGNOR-145389 3b protein P59633 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 21561061 f Luana "SARS-CoV Accessory Protein 3b Induces AP-1 TranscriptionalActivity" SIGNOR-260757 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT PECAM1 protein P16284 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr690 PLNSDVQyTEVQVSS 9606 BTO:0000007 12972546 t miannu "PECAM-1 Is Phosphorylated by Fer and, To a Lesser Extent, by Fes. These results suggest that Fer not only functions as a tyrosine kinase for PECAM-1 but also that Fer modulates the downstream signaling of PECAM-1 by inducing phosphorylation of SHP-2 and Gab1." SIGNOR-262867 CEP63 protein Q96MT8 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 26297806 t lperfetto "Primary microcephaly (MCPH) associated proteins CDK5RAP2, CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 colocalize at the centrosome. We found that they interact to promote centriole duplication and form a hierarchy in which each is required to localize another to the centrosome, with CDK5RAP2 at the apex, and CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 at sequentially lower positions. MCPH proteins interact with distinct centriolar satellite proteins; CDK5RAP2 interacts with SPAG5 and CEP72, CEP152 with CEP131, WDR62 with MOONRAKER, and CEP63 with CEP90 and CCDC14. These satellite proteins localize their cognate MCPH interactors to centrosomes and also promote centriole duplication. Consistent with a role for satellites in microcephaly, homozygous mutations in one satellite gene, CEP90, may cause MCPH. The satellite proteins, with the exception of CCDC14, and MCPH proteins promote centriole duplication by recruiting CDK2 to the centrosome." SIGNOR-271725 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 15051889 t "ppRB (RB phosphorylated at Ser-807/811|Possible Mechanisms of HYA22 Action in Tumorigenesis: Dephosphorylation of RB by Transient Expression of HYA22 Isoforms." SIGNOR-248305 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser317 ENVKYSSsQPEPRTG 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Atr (predominantly) or atm (to a lesser extent) phosphorylates chk1 at ser317/345, directly leading to activation." SIGNOR-163106 CEBPG protein P53567 UNIPROT SLCO1B3 protein Q9NPD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 15322262 t lperfetto "Taken together, these findings suggest that the LPS-induced down-regulation of Oatp4 is likely due to reduction in the binding of HNF1alpha, C/EBP, HNF3, and RXR:RAR to the Oatp4 promoter." SIGNOR-268986 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252180 IMPDH1 protein P20839 UNIPROT IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19480389 t miannu "IMPDH controls the gateway to guanine nucleotides, making it an ‚Äúenzyme of consequence‚Äù for virtually every organism. The IMPDH-catalyzed conversion of IMP to XMP is the first committed and rate-limiting step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. XMP is subsequently converted to GMP by the action of GMP synthetase (GMPS)." SIGNOR-267331 "Neuromedin B" smallmolecule CHEBI:80139 ChEBI NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257547 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 10698680 t lperfetto "One of the best characterized targets of pi3k lipid products is the protein kinase akt or protein kinase b (pkb). In quiescent cells, pkb resides in the cytosol in a low-activity conformation. Upon cellular stimulation, pkb is activated through recruitment to cellular membranes by pi3k lipid products and phosphorylation by 3h-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (pdk1)." SIGNOR-75370 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR HEYL protein Q9NQ87 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 11044625 f gcesareni "The intracellular part of the notch receptor is cleaved off and translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to the transcription factor rbp-j." SIGNOR-254339 PGK1 protein P00558 UNIPROT "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266502 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr509 PVCEVSVtPKTVTPA 9606 phosphorylation:Ser522 PASSAKTsPAKQQAP 25040932 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and DYRK2 phosphorylate CRMP2 and CRMP4, respectively, priming these proteins at S522 before their subsequent phosphorylation by GSK-3b at T509, T516 and S518|e CRMP2 phosphorylation by GSK-3b disrupts its interaction with tubulin (Yamashita & Goshima, 2012), leading to growth inhibition" SIGNOR-264839 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ACSS2 protein Q9NR19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser659 PGLPKTRsGKIMRRV 28820290 t lperfetto "This translocation is mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent ACSS2 Ser659 phosphorylation and subsequent exposure of the nuclear localization signal of ACSS2 to KPNA1/importin α5 for binding. In the nucleus, ACSS2 forms a complex with TFEB (transcription factor EB) and utilizes the acetate generated from histone deacetylation to locally produce acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation in the promoter regions of TFEB target genes." SIGNOR-271823 CSF3 protein P09919 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252287 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT ZBTB16 protein Q05516 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29736013 t miannu "UTX catalytic activity has been reported to upregulate expression of the master transcription factor PLZF and to modulate superenhancer accessibility in invariant natural killer T cells." SIGNOR-260038 GHRL protein Q9UBU3 UNIPROT GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15070777 t fspada "In contrast to wild-type mice, acute treatment of ghsr- mice with ghrelin stimulated neither gh release nor food intake, showing that the ghsr is a biologically relevant ghrelin receptor." SIGNOR-123948 DOK7 protein Q18PE1 UNIPROT MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23467009 t gcesareni "In addition, dok7, a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, is also required for musk activation in vivo. This review focuses on the physical interplay between these proteins and musk for activation and downstream signaling, which culminates in nmj formation." SIGNOR-192264 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20596954 f fstefani "Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling in the innate immunity." SIGNOR-166485 LMP1 protein P03230 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 26428373 f scontino "Activation of the PI3-K/AKT pathway was first linked to LMP1 in the year 2003. Although it is still unclear whether this interaction is direct, expression of LMP1 CTAR1 caused (i) an enrichment of the PI3-K substrate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) in the plasma membrane and (ii) the phosphorylation and activation of AKT kinase, also known as protein kinase B, at serine 473." SIGNOR-267618 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr493 LGADDSYyTARSAGK -1 8756661 t lperfetto "these data suggest that phosphorylation of ZAP-70 is initiated by a heterologous trans-phosphorylation of ZAP-70 by Lck on Tyr- 493." SIGNOR-226628 KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 28073943 f miannu "JMJD2B induction attenuates the transcription of key p53 transcriptional targets including p21, PIG3 and PUMA, and this modulation is dependent on the catalytic capacity of JMJD2B." SIGNOR-263730 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1416 ASYCSRDsRGHNDVY 10116 11104776 t lperfetto "PKC-dependent phosphorylation of NR2A(Ser(1416)) as a key mechanism in inhibiting alphaCaMKII-binding and promoting dissociation of alphaCaMKII.NR2A complex." SIGNOR-249065 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT Brown_adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH27 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 f gcesareni "Other g protein-mediated pathways are the planar cell polarity (pcp) pathway (shown in blue) leading to the activation of rac/rho, c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), and/or rho-associated kinase (rock). Jnk can induce jun, which, together with fos, forms the ap-1 early response transcription factor. Both pcp pathways have been implicated in cytoskeletal rearrangements" SIGNOR-198834 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "CENP-A nucleosome" complex SIGNOR-C321 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 23324462 t miannu "In vitro assembly of both yeast and human CENP-A nucleosomes yields standard octameric structures containing two copies each of CENP-A, H2A, H2B and H4 histones. Human CENP-A also produces rigidified homotypic CENP-A/H4 tetramers in vitro." SIGNOR-263701 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser643 CFTPKGSsLKIEERA 9606 BTO:0001260 2170388 t gcesareni "Smooth muscle caldesmon was phosphorylated by smooth muscle calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Ii" SIGNOR-22631 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT SRCIN1 protein Q9C0H9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr396 LVKGEGLyADPYGLL 9606 BTO:0000142 23383002 t llicata "Mapping of p140cap phosphorylation sites: the eplya and eglya motifs have a key role in tyrosine phosphorylation and csk binding, and are substrates of the abl kinase" SIGNOR-200858 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265374 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser721 TPRLRSVsSYGNIRA 9606 SIGNOR-C3 18722121 t llicata "Ser719, ser721, and ser722 are the predominant rsk-dependent phosphorylation sites in raptor raptor phosphorylation regulates mtorc1 activity" SIGNOR-180462 PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT CDX2/PAX6/P300 complex SIGNOR-C33 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10506141 t lperfetto "In the present study, we investigated the interaction of cdx-2 and pax-6 with p300, a co-activator coupled to the basal transcription machinery. In transient transfection-expression experiments, we found that the transactivating effects of cdx-2 and pax-6 on the glucagon gene were greatly enhanced by the additional expression of p300." SIGNOR-70963 EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr602 TYVDPFTyEDPNQAV -1 8622893 t "Two dimensional phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis defined juxtamembrane residue Y602 as a major site of in vitro autophosphorylation in Sek, whilst Y596 was phosphorylated to a lower stoichiometry. Complimentary approaches of in vitro binding assays and BIAcore analysis revealed a high affinity association between the Y602 Sek autophosphorylation site and the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase p59fyn, an interaction mediated through the SH2 domain of this intracellular signalling molecule." SIGNOR-251119 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr585 PPGLEYCyNPSHNPE 10116 19224897 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation of Y653 is followed by the ordered autophosphorylation of several key tyrosine residues within binding sites for the SH2 or PTB domains of signaling proteins that bind to and are phosphorylated by activated FGFR1. This second-stage autophosphorylation occurs on Y583, in the kinase insert region (a noncatalytic sequence within the kinase domain), followed by autophosphorylation of Y463 in the juxtamembrane region, Y766 in the C-terminal tail, and Y585 in the kinase insert region" SIGNOR-235682 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PTBP1 protein P26599 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser16 AVGTKRGsDELFSTC 10116 12851456 t miannu "PKA directly phosphorylates PTB on conserved Ser-16, and PKA activation in PC12 cells induces Ser-16 phosphorylation. PTB carrying a Ser-16 to alanine mutation accumulates normally in the nucleus. However, export of this mutant protein from the nucleus is greatly reduced in heterokaryon shuttling assays. Conversely, hyperphosphorylation of PTB by coexpression with the catalytic subunit of PKA results in the accumulation of PTB in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-263149 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258680 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser92 VAELTSLsDEDSGKG 9606 19923321 t lperfetto "Serines 11 and 92 participate in the control of snail1 stability and positively regulate snail1 repressive function and its interaction with msin3a corepressor. Furthermore, serines 11 and 92 are required for snail1-mediated emt and cell viability, respectively. Pka and ck2 have been characterized as the main kinases responsible for in vitro snail1 phosphorylation at serine 11 and 92, respectively." SIGNOR-161783 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR ITGB5 protein P18084 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259005 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 29681515 f apalma "Carm1 specifically methylates Pax7 at multiple arginine residues in the N terminus of Pax7, facilitating the recruitment of the ASH2L:MLL1/2:WDR5:RBBP5 histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complex to the proximal promoter of Myf5 resulting in permissive H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) of the surrounding chromatin" SIGNOR-255899 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 17389598 t gcesareni "Pka, ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase iv (camkiv), msk, p70s6k and rsk phosphorylate creb." SIGNOR-153940 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257133 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189972 TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12172553 t lperfetto "TSC1 and TSC2 proteins form a physical and functional complex in vivo. Here, we show that TSC1-TSC2 inhibits the p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (an activator of translation) and activates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1, an inhibitor of translational initiation). These functions of TSC1-TSC2 are mediated by inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)." SIGNOR-217910 G3BP2 protein Q9UN86 UNIPROT G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23279204 t miannu "Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a component of SGs that initiates the assembly of SGs by forming a multimer. In this study, we examined the role of G3BP2, a close relative of G3BP1, in SG formation. Although single knockdown of either G3BP1 or G3BP2 in 293T cells partially reduced the number of SG-positive cells induced by arsenite, the knockdowns of both genes significantly reduced the number. G3BP2 formed a homo-multimer and a hetero-multimer with G3BP1. Moreover, like G3BP1, the overexpression of G3BP2 induced SGs even without stress stimuli." SIGNOR-260863 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 16456541 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "B56-containing pp2a dephosphorylate erk and their activity is controlled by the early gene iex-1 and erk" SIGNOR-269922 MTCH2 protein Q9Y6C9 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 20436477 t "In the experiment they use a truncated BID (tBID)-interacting protein." gcesareni "Mtch2/mimp (mitochondrial carrier homologue 2/met-induced mitochondrial protein), a novel truncated bid (tbid)-interacting protein, is a surface-exposed outer mitochondrial membrane protein that facilitates the recruitment of tbid to mitochondria" SIGNOR-165081 RORB protein Q92753 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24737872 t miannu "As RORs function as transcriptional activators and their expression correlates with histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility, RORs are thought to function as positive regulators of Bmal1 expression at its peak levels, whereas REV-ERBs block ROR and negatively regulate Bmal1 at the trough of its expression." SIGNOR-268003 PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 EPDHYRYsDTTDSDP 9606 BTO:0000567 24012691 t miannu "PTEN is phosphorylated by TOPK and is required for mitotic entry. In addition, reduced PTEN phosphorylation levels upon TOPK knockdown correlated with decreased Akt activation (Fig. 4e) suggesting that TOPK mediated phosphorylation may lead to PTEN inactivation. By using various PTEN mutants in a kinase assay we concluded that TOPK phosphorylates PTEN at S380 residue in vitro (Fig. 4c)." SIGNOR-271472 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266520 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr832 LRYEGRVyHYRINTA 9606 16912036 t Manara "Src family kinases phosphorylate the Bcr-Abl SH3-SH2 region and modulate Bcr-Abl transforming activity. | Tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH3-SH2 region is essential for full Bcr-Abl biological activity." SIGNOR-260814 OTUD7A protein Q8TE49 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18178551 t lperfetto "NF-kappaB Suppression by the Deubiquitinating Enzyme Cezanne|Our study provides several lines of evidence to suggest that Cezanne suppresses TNFR signaling to NF-κB by targeting RIP1 for deubiquitination." SIGNOR-268410 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser688 QFHSPVGsPLKSIQA 9606 SIGNOR-C17 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3. All four sites are followed by a proline residue. We have shown that purified cyclin b-cdk1 (cyclindependent kinase 1) phosphorylates these sitesalanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase." SIGNOR-164491 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14967450 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." lperfetto "The molecular requirements for diacylglycerol (dag) and calcium (ca2+) to promote pkc membrane translocation, the hallmark of pkc activation, have been clarified." SIGNOR-242596 RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19586055 t fstefani "The response to replication stress requires the recruitment of rpa and the mre11-rad50-nbs1 (mrn) complex." SIGNOR-186648 PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 19629035 t "PARP1 collaborates with Mre11 to promote replication fork restart after release from replication blocks, most likely by recruiting Mre11 to the replication fork to promote resection of DNA." SIGNOR-272478 NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10993067 t "Gamma secretase subunit. Leads to PS1/PS2 eterodimer complex stabilisation" gcesareni "Nicastrin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, forms high molecular weight complexes with presenilin 1 and presenilin 2." SIGNOR-81936 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr12 FGSRSSKtFKPKKNI 9606 21808241 t "The regulation of MOB1 and LATS1/2 by MST1/2 may be organ and disease-specific." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2 mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-175813 Neuregulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF37 SIGNOR ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t "Does not bind to the ERBB1, ERBB2 and ERBB3 receptors" gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-269970 HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257376 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT CSDE1 protein O75534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000551 32808651 t lperfetto "These findings demonstrated that LINC00205 facilitates malignant phenotypes in LC by recruiting FUS to stabilize CSDE1, suggesting LINC00205 as a potential target for LC therapy.|Subsequent RIP assay con- firmed such prediction, as CSDE1 mRNA was evidently precipitated by anti-FUS (Figure 3A)." SIGNOR-262110 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21993628 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-176751 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT Monocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH101 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20861919 f irozzo "In the myeloid compartment, Gfi1 is part of a regulatory network that determines lineage fate decision between granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage development. In this compartment, Gfi1 antagonizes the function of the transcription factor Pu.1. Pu.1 promotes monocytic differentiation, whereas Gfi1 enhances granulocytic differentiation." SIGNOR-256085 IST1 protein P53990 UNIPROT SPAST protein Q9UBP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 23897888 t Gianni "Our results suggest that inclusion of IST1 into the ESCRT complex allows recruitment of spastin to promote fission of recycling tubules from the endosome. Thus, we reveal a novel cellular role for MT severing and identify a mechanism by which endosomal recycling can be coordinated with the degradative machinery." SIGNOR-269047 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr194 ALEKKSNyEVLEKDV 9606 BTO:0000567 20802513 t miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has a crucial role in integration of signals from integrins and growth factor receptors. In this study, we demonstrate that growth factor receptors including hepatocyte growth factor receptor Met, epidermal growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor directly phosphorylate FAK on Tyr194 in the FERM domain (band 4.1 and ezrin/radixin/moesin homology domain). Upon binding to Met or phosphoinositides, FAK may undergo conformational changes, which renders Tyr194 accessible for phosphorylation. Substitution of Tyr194 with Phe significantly suppresses the activation of FAK by Met." SIGNOR-259400 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19637194 f irozzo "The cell cycle inhibitor p15 was also up-regulated upon FBP1 knockdown. Our analysis of HCC cells after FBP1 knockdown suggests that p15 mRNA levels may also (directly or indirectly) depend on FBP1 activity." SIGNOR-259126 ELF3 protein P78545 UNIPROT KRT4 protein P19013 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 10773884 f "Interestingly, ELF3 suppressed basal keratin 4 promoter activity in both esophageal and cervical epithelial cancer cell lines, a novel result, while simultaneously activating the late-differentiation linked SPRR2A promoter." SIGNOR-254291 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:18348 ChEBI "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24789820 t lperfetto "AP2 adaptor complexes, associated at the membrane with PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2), recruit clathin triskelions to initiate lattice assembly. " SIGNOR-260664 NGF protein P01138 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11114882 t gcesareni "Ngf is the preferred ligand for trka, bdnf and nt4/5 are preferred for trkb, and nt3 for trkc (barbacid 1994). These specificities are not absolute, and nt3 is also a ligand for trka and trkb." SIGNOR-85114 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000671 12807881 f miannu "We found rfp-mediated activation of both exogenous and endogenous forms of the other stress-activated mapk, p38." SIGNOR-102031 WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15221015 t gcesareni "Wwp1 associated with smad7 and induced its nuclear export, and enhanced binding of smad7 to tgf-beta type i receptor to cause ubiquitination and degradation of the receptor." SIGNOR-126128 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR RGS18 protein Q9NS28 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 24244663 t done miannu "Cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-dependent kinases (PKA, PKG) inhibit the interaction of RGS18 and 14-3-3 by phosphorylating S216. " SIGNOR-273787 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr658 GEMDTTSyDVSVLNS 10029 BTO:0000246 16027153 t lperfetto "cadherins also act to prevent epithelial cell motilityCadherin-cytoskeletal interactions occur through a number of adaptor proteins that interact with the C-terminal portion of the cadherin cytoplasmic tail, including the _-, _-, and _-catenin (6, 10). Additionally, VE-cadherin stability at the plasma membrane may be regulated by the binding of p120-catenin to the juxtamembrane region of the cytoplasmic tailWe show here that tyrosine phosphorylation of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin at two critical tyrosines, Tyr-658 and Tyr-731, via tyrosine kinase activation or phosphatase inactivation was sufficient to prevent the binding of p120- and beta-catenin, respectively, to the cytoplasmic tail of VE-cadherinVE-cadherin becomes phosphorylated on Tyr-658 and/or Tyr-731 in response to Src kinase activity." SIGNOR-246462 ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "The ADAM proteases are best known for their role in shedding the extracellular domain of transmembrane proteins. Among the transmembrane proteins shed by ADAM10 are notch, HER2, E-cadherin, CD44, L1 and the EGFR ligands, EGF and betacellulin." SIGNOR-259847 COL4A2 protein P08572 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253243 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 AGTSFMMtPYVVTRY 9606 11062067 t amattioni "Jnk full activation requires the phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a thr-pro-tyr motif, which can be catalysed by the protein kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (mkk)4 and mkk7. Mkk7 shows a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183)." SIGNOR-83736 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser399 GLLTPPQsGKKQSSG 9606 14536078 t amattioni "Phosphorylation-triggered ubiquitination has been proposed to be the major pathway regulating cyclin e protein abundance. Cdk2 activity is required for cyclin e turnover in vivo because it phosphorylates s384. Mutation of ser384 to alanine also rendered cyclin e resistant to degradation" SIGNOR-118555 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser139 EEWTRHGsFVNKPTR 10090 12052829 t lperfetto "Among them, Ser(29) in p52(Shc) (equivalent to Ser(138) in p66(Shc)) was phosphorylated only after TPA stimulation. Phosphorylation of this site together with the intact phosphotyrosine-binding domain was essential for ShcA binding to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST. TPA-induced ShcA phosphorylation at this site (and hence, its association with PTP-PEST) was inhibited by a protein kinase C-specific inhibitor and was induced by overexpression of constitutively active mutants of protein kinase Calpha, -epsilon, and -delta isoforms." SIGNOR-249150 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser143 FHPNVSSsHENLEPE 9606 22609948 t lperfetto "We demonstrated that dvl2 is phosphorylated at s143 and t224 in a manner that requires both non-canonical wnt5a ligand and casein kinase 1 epsilon (ck1_), and that this event is critical to interact with plk1 in early stages of the cell cycle" SIGNOR-197063 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268213 SMC5 protein Q8IY18 UNIPROT SMC5/6 complex SIGNOR-C374 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27427983 t miannu "The SMC5/6 complex, consisting of SMC5, SMC6, and non-SMC elements NSMCE1–6, has key roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity during mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair and is critical for genome stability. In particular, the SMC5/6 complex is involved in resolving intermediates during recombination (5, 6) and other complex DNA structures, such as stalled replication forks" SIGNOR-265481 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 11781715 f "Here we show that NFAT proteins are unable to bind to a combined octamer/NFAT site unless the octamer proteins are competed away" SIGNOR-254505 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-267787 NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12471034 t gcesareni "We show that mammalian aph-1 (maph-1), a conserved multipass membrane protein, physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human cell lines and in rat brain. Similar to the loss of presenilin or nicastrin, the inactivation of endogenous maph-1 using small interfering rnas results in the decrease of presenilin levels, accumulation of gamma-secretase substrates (app carboxyl-terminal fragments), and reduction of gamma-secretase products (amyloid-beta peptides and the intracellular domains of app and notch)." SIGNOR-96250 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser9 LTFMASDsEEEVCDE -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250792 EREG protein O14944 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 22891299 t gcesareni "For example, betacellulin binds to and activates both erbb1 and erbb4, whereas epiregulin binds to erbb1, erbb3 and erbb4." SIGNOR-191788 NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24012335 t "The opposite changes in Lats/YAP and Mst1/2 phosphorylation upon loss of NF2 therefore argue against the generally assumed linear model in which NF2 signals through activation of Mst1/3" flangone "As expected, the nf2-/- fc-912 cells were defective in lats1/2 phosphorylation (figure s2e-f). Subcellular fractionation revealed a significant increase of endogenous lats1/2 in the cytoplasmic relative to the membrane fraction in the nf2-/- fc-912 schwann cells compared to the nf2+/+ fh-912 schwann cells (figure 2e). This localization defect was rescued by re-expression of nf2" SIGNOR-202604 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 12624108 f lperfetto "Bcl-2 blocked the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c" SIGNOR-99063 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000452 22114142 t lperfetto "In addition to activating g(i), smo signals through its c-terminal tail to inhibit suppressor of fused, resulting in stabilization and activation of the gli family of transcription factors, which execute a transcriptional response to so-called canonical hh signaling." SIGNOR-177656 HAUS3 protein Q68CZ6 UNIPROT "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19369198 t lperfetto "Here, by using mass spectrometry, we identified the full human augmin complex of 8 subunits and show that it interacts with the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC)" SIGNOR-262322 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser379 DLILNRCsESTKRKL 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t esanto "Pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation. The use of p47phox mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc?, ???, And ?." SIGNOR-89248 "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257710 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004730 16239140 t irozzo "We demonstrate here that oncogenic MLL fusion proteins retain an ability to stably associate with menin through a high-affinity, amino-terminal, conserved binding motif and that this interaction is required for the initiation of MLL-mediated leukemogenesis.These results demonstrate that a human oncoprotein is critically dependent on direct physical interaction with a tumor suppressor protein for its oncogenic activity[...]." SIGNOR-255867 GSPT1 protein P15170 UNIPROT "Translation release factor ERF1-ERF3" complex SIGNOR-C494 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29735640 t miannu "Termination of mRNA translation occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome, and in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a ternary eRF1/eRF3-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) complex." SIGNOR-270814 "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR Cell_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH38 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 11518510 f lperfetto "In addition, alpha11beta1 mediated contraction of fibrillar collagen gels in a manner similar to alpha2beta1, and supported migration on collagen I in response to chemotactic stimuli. Our data support a role for alpha11beta1 as a receptor for interstitial collagens on mesenchymally derived cells and suggest a multifunctional role of alpha11beta1 in the recognition and organization of interstitial collagen matrices during development." SIGNOR-253349 LSM-1231 chemical CHEBI:91471 ChEBI NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259759 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DRB3 protein P79483 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-254001 MCU protein Q8NE86 UNIPROT MCU_MICU2_variant complex SIGNOR-C502 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270874 CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257238 pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24363178 t miannu "As an alternative to decarboxylation by PDH, the second major fate of mitochondrial pyruvate is the irreversible, ATP-dependent carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase (PC). Oxaloacetate is a critical intermediate in metabolism, linking carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism (Fig. 2)" SIGNOR-266553 HOXD1 protein Q9GZZ0 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001949 21501586 t Luana "Consistently, ITGB1 promoter activity was decreased by HOXD1 knockdown in ECs. Furthermore, we identified the putative HOXD1-binding sites in the promoter region of ITGB1. Together, these findings suggest that HOXD1 plays a significant role in EC functions by regulating the expression of ITGB1." SIGNOR-261648 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11369442 t gcesareni "Surprisingly, shp potentiated transcription by pparalpha/rxralpha heterodimers from the hd-ppre. This is the first demonstration of positive transcriptional activity attributable to shp. Together, these results suggest that shp can modulate pparalpha/rxralpha-mediated transcription in a response element-specific manner." SIGNOR-108252 VEPH1 protein Q14D04 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 22055343 f "In the neuronal differentiation" lperfetto "Melted represses warts transcription to disrupt hippo pathway activity and specify rh5 fate wts and melt repress each other s transcription in a double negative, bistable feedback loop that directs robust expression of either rh5 or rh6 in r8" SIGNOR-177074 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 21562258 t "α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a key protein that accumulates as hyperphosphorylated aggregates in pathologic hallmark features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Phosphorylation of this protein at serine 129 is believed to promote its aggregation and neurotoxicity, suggesting that this post-translational modification could be a therapeutic target. Here, we demonstrate that phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylates α-Syn at serine 129" SIGNOR-248635 VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11574546 t miannu "The von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) forms a protein complex (VCB-Cul2) with elongin C, elongin B, Cul-2, and Rbx1, which functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3). The alpha-subunits of the hypoxia-inducible factors have been identified as targets for the VCB-Cul2 ubiquitin ligase. we show that PKClambda can be ubiquitinated in vitro in a cell-free ubiquitination assay using purified recombinant components including VCB-Cul2. Given the known function of aPKC in the regulation of cell polarity and cell growth, PKClambda may be a target of pVHL in its function as a tumor suppressor.Degradation of the Ubiquitin-conjugated Active Form of PKCλ Is Blocked by a Proteasome Inhibitor in Vivo" SIGNOR-272591 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser552 VVRTPPKsPSSAKSR 9606 BTO:0000590 10090741 t lperfetto "We found that when tau was first phosphorylated by A-kinase, C-kinase, cdk5, or CaM kinase II and then by GSK-3, its binding to microtubules was inhibited by 45, 61, 78, and 79%, respectively. Further, the kinase combinations cdk5/GSK-3 and CaM kinase II/GSK-3 rapidly phosphorylated the sites Thr 231 and Ser 235. When these sites were individually replaced by Ala and the phosphorylation experiments repeated, tau binding to microtubules was inhibited by 54 and 71%, respectively. By comparison, when Ser 262 was replaced by Ala, tau binding to microtubules was inhibited by only 8% after phosphorylation by CaM kinase II." SIGNOR-249316 Difluprednate chemical CHEBI:31485 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 21182429 t Luana "BMP had the highest K(i) value (8.4 × 10(-8) nmol/L), whereas DFB had the lowest (6.1 × 10(-11) nmol/L). The GCRBA of DFBA was intermediate to these 2 values (7.8 × 10(-10) nmol/L)." SIGNOR-257886 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT ARHGAP5 protein Q13017 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1109 KGYSDEIyVVPDDSQ 9606 BTO:0000150 18829532 t lperfetto "Breast tumor kinase phosphorylates p190rhogap to regulate rho and ras and promote breast carcinoma growth, migration, and invasion. Brk phosphorylates p190 at the y(1105) residue both in vitro and in vivo, thereby promoting the association of p190 with p120rasgap (p120). As a consequence, brk stimulates p190 and attenuates p120 functions, leading to rhoa inactivation and ras activation, respectively." SIGNOR-181452 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-91738 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000011 19593385 t lperfetto "In examining the requirements for different Akt-mediated phosphorylation sites on TSC2, we find that only TSC2 mutants lacking all five previously identified Akt sites fully block insulin-stimulated mTORC1 signaling in reconstituted Tsc2 null cells, and this mutant also inhibits adipogenesis" SIGNOR-251526 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265441 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000018 10722699 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Dexamethasone induces α-ENaCmRNA expression in lung epithelial A549 cells" SIGNOR-251945 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser59 GGQESQPsPLALLAA 9606 24382322 t gcesareni "These results indicate that the signals from TCDD or OP caused PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of Sp1 at Ser-59 and induced CYP1A1 transcription" SIGNOR-248223 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TNS3 protein Q68CZ2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1256 KGCSNEPyFGSLTAL 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 19732724 t llicata "Tyrosines in the sh2 domain contribute to the biological activity of tensin-3, and phosphorylation of these tyrosines can regulate ligand binding. tensin-3 is a src substrate" SIGNOR-187851 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257939 TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT LIN28B protein Q6ZN17 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 23494474 f miannu "We conclude that the oncoprotein HBXIP as a co-activator of TF II D transactivates Lin28B promoter via directly binding to TBP to upregulate the expression of Lin28B in promotion of proliferation of breast cancer cells, in which Lin28B maintains the high level of HBXIP through suppressing miR-520b in a feedback manner." SIGNOR-255252 CACNA1A protein O00555 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30849329 t miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission. Several neurological and cardiac disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding α1-subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNA1A (MIM: 601011) (familial hemiplegic migraine [MIM: 141500], episodic ataxia [MIM: 108500], and epilepsy [MIM: 617106]),3, 4, 5 CACNA1C (MIM: 114205) (Timothy syndrome [MIM: 601005]),6, 7 CACNA1D (MIM: 114206) (primary aldosteronism, neurodevelopmental disorders [MIM: 615474]),8, 9 and CACNA1G (MIM: 604065) (spinocerebellar ataxia [MIM: 616795])." SIGNOR-264323 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 11742878 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "TGF-β1 inhibited gene expression and cell surface activity of LPL. TGF-β1 did not have an effect on LPL activity when it was added directly to the LPL activity assay (data not shown); however, as shown in the Table, TGF-β1 significantly reduced LPL mRNA by 55.0%" SIGNOR-251847 tandutinib chemical CHEBI:90237 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207212 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1981 SLAFEEGsQSTTISS 9606 21149446 t gcesareni "In human cells, the activation process involves autophosphorylation on three sites (ser367, ser1893, and ser1981) and acetylation on lys3016. We now describe the identification of a new atm phosphorylation site, thr(p)1885 and an additional autophosphorylation site, ser(p)2996, that is highly dna damage-inducible." SIGNOR-170469 abiraterone chemical CHEBI:68642 ChEBI CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-204810 STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT STX1A protein Q16623 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 9395480 t miannu "Munc18-1 is a neuronal protein that interacts with syntaxin 1 and is required for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We have now identified two Munc18-1-interacting proteins called Mint1 and Mint2 that may mediate the function of Munc18-1." SIGNOR-264042 ELK4 protein P28324 UNIPROT INSIG2 protein Q9Y5U4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 20145255 t Luana "Under these conditions, a significant reduction in INSIG2 expression was only observed when SAP1a siRNA was used. These observations provide supporting evidence that SAP1a may be one of the transactivators of the human INSIG2 promoter." SIGNOR-261592 POLR2J2 protein Q9GZM3 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266174 HLX protein Q14774 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003980 20008130 t Luana "In this study, we have identified cell cycle regulatory genes as downstream targets of the homeobox gene HLX in cultured trophoblast cells, namely RB1, MYC, EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN. RB1 and MYC mRNA expression was increased with HLX inactivation, whereas EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN mRNA expression was decreased compared with mock-transfected control cells." SIGNOR-261621 "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI acetyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57288 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271825 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 9829964 t gcesareni "When overexpressed in serum-stimulated cells, akt/pkb potently induced ser-133 phosphorylation of creb and promoted recruitment of cbp." SIGNOR-62257 GSK2126458 chemical CID:25167777 PUBCHEM PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192904 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT STX1A protein Q16623 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser14 ELRTAKDsDDDDDVA 9606 11846792 t lperfetto "In this report, we show that syntaxin-1a is phosphorylated in vitro by cki on thr21. Casein kinase ii (ckii) has been shown previously to phosphorylate syntaxin-1a in vitro and we have identified ser14 as the ckii phosphorylation site. the phosphorylation of syntaxin-1a by ckii enhances its capacity to associate with synaptotagmin [21]. Therefore, phosphorylation of ser14 by ckii suggests an important role for this residue in regulating the interaction between syntaxin-1a and synaptotagmin" SIGNOR-114840 veliparib chemical CHEBI:62880 ChEBI PARP2 protein Q9UGN5 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189224 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser192 HMTNNKGsAAWMAPE -1 20538596 t lperfetto "Analyses of phosphorylation site mutants of the activation segment indicate that autophosphorylation of Ser-192 precedes TAB1 phosphorylation and is followed by sequential phosphorylation of Thr-178, Thr-187, and finally Thr-184. Finally, we present a model for the chronological order of events governing TAB1-induced TAK1 autoactivation." SIGNOR-232153 VIP protein P01282 UNIPROT VIPR1 protein P32241 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11897681 t gcesareni "Pacap binds to a pacap-specific receptor (pac1) and to vpac receptors (vpac1 and vpac2), which share high affinity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)." SIGNOR-116122 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp326 YDPEMEEdSYDSFGE -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261745 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SYNGAP1 protein Q96PV0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1073 PPLQRGKsQQLTVSA -1 14970204 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of synGAP by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II increases its Ras GTPase-activating activity by 70-95%. The Major Phosphorylation Sites, Serines 764/765, 1058, and 1123, All Contribute to Regulation of GAP Activity of synGAP by CaMKII" SIGNOR-262687 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT CDH17 protein Q12864 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972;BTO:0004168 20568120 t "The present study aims to identify the transcription factors which interact and regulate CDH17 promoter activity that might contribute to the up-regulation of CDH17 gene in human HCC|we identified hepatic nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) and caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX2) binding sites at the proximal promoter region which modulate the CDH17 promoter activities in two HCC cell lines (Hep3B and MHCC97L)" SIGNOR-253970 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser374 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-251524 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT GP6 protein Q9HCN6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12359731 f miannu "Deletion analyses and site-directed mutagenesis identified Sp1(227), GATA(177), and Ets(48) sites as essential for GPVI expression. We show that transcription factors GATA-1, Fli-1, and Sp1 can bind to and activate this promoter." SIGNOR-254158 PSPH protein P78330 UNIPROT O-phosphonato-L-serine(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57524 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000142 12213811 t lperfetto "Human phosphoserine phosphatase (HPSP) regulates the levels of glycine and d-serine, the putative co-agonists for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor in the brain. |Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP)1 is an important enzyme in the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis, which contributes a major portion of the endogenous l-serine|he enzymatic reaction of PSP is Mg2+-dependent and results in the dephosphorylation of phospho-l-serine with the formation of a phosphoenzyme intermediate, which is subsequently autodephosphorylated. The resulting product, l-serine, is not only a precursor for the biosynthesis of glycine but also an uncompetitive inhibitor for the enzymatic reaction of PSP" SIGNOR-268570 ARHGEF10 protein O15013 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260536 OAT protein P04181 UNIPROT proline smallmolecule CHEBI:26271 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14617280 t miannu "Arginase generates ornithine, an aminoacid that can be further metabolized to proline via ornithine aminotransferase and to polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)" SIGNOR-256033 SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29474926 f miannu "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) formed in the injured alveolar epithelium also contributes to pulmonary fibrosis in a manner that involves vitronectin binding." SIGNOR-260588 USP15 protein Q9Y4E8 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 27368102 t miannu "SQSTM1 Is a Substrate for RNF26 and the DUB USP15. Catalytically competent RNF26 (light red) recruits SQSTM1 (blue) and mediates ubiquitin ligation (red), which serves to attract UBDs of specific vesicle-associated adaptors. Dissociation of the RNF26/SQSTM1 complex, promoted by the DUB USP15 (yellow), releases target vesicles for (4) fast transport into the cell periphery." SIGNOR-269829 "monobenzyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:132612 ChEBI SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003800 16257484 f miannu "DIDP, BBP and DOP stimulate NIS mRNA expression. Here, hNIS promoter construct (N3) was up-regulated 2.5-fold by DIDP, 2.6-fold by BBP and 2.4-fold by DOP in the presence of TSH. Likewise, these phthalates also enhanced rNIS endogenous mRNA expression, which increased ca. 2-fold after 48 h of treatment compared with the expression level generated by TSH only. At 72 h, mRNA content was unchanged." SIGNOR-268743 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr446 GTEPEPVySMEAADY 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Cortactin was first identified as a substrate of v-src (46) that mediates in vitro phosphorylation of residues tyr-421, tyr-466, and tyr-482 at the c terminus of the murine ortholog (47). Phosphorylation of these residues attenuates the f-actin cross-linking activity" SIGNOR-98712 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser163 KRFSFKKsFKLSGFS -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III" SIGNOR-248926 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11007482 t "Here we demonstrate that Galphas and Galphai, but neither Galphaq, Galpha12 nor Gbetay, directly stimulate the kinase activity of downregulated c-Src" SIGNOR-256526 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 25790864 t gcesareni "SGK1 is known to inhibit another intrinsic pathway, the Hedgehog pathway, through downregulation of SMO and the GLI transcription factor family" SIGNOR-251673 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000599 10890911 f lperfetto "Coexpression of smad2 and smad4, smad3 alone, or smad3 and smad4 resulted in strong enhancement of lef1-dependent transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-229308 TUT7 protein Q5VYS8 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR down-regulates 25480299 f lperfetto "Uridylation occurs pervasively on mRNAs, yet its mechanism and significance remain unknown. By applying TAIL-seq, we identify TUT4 and TUT7 (TUT4/7), also known as ZCCHC11 and ZCCHC6, respectively, as mRNA uridylation enzymes. Uridylation readily occurs on deadenylated mRNAs in cells. Consistently, purified TUT4/7 selectively recognize and uridylate RNAs with short A-tails (less than ∼ 25 nt) in vitro. PABPC1 antagonizes uridylation of polyadenylated mRNAs, contributing to the specificity for short A-tails." SIGNOR-268354 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SPHK2 protein Q9NRA0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr614 AFRLEPLtPRGVLTV 9606 17311928 t llicata "Sphingosine kinase type 2 activation by erk-mediated phosphorylation. site-directed mutagenesis indicated that hsphk2 is phosphorylated on ser-351 and thr-578 by erk1" SIGNOR-153383 TFAP4 protein Q01664 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109 19505873 f miannu "AP-4 Mediates E-box-dependent Complex Formation for Transcriptional Repression of HDM2" SIGNOR-226596 PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 16982762 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Pbk/topk could phosphorylate histone h3 at ser10 in vitro and in vivo, and mediated its growth-promoting effect through histone h3 modification." SIGNOR-149716 SLC9A2 protein Q9UBY0 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265601 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT FCGR2A protein P12318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 TDDDKNIyLTLPPND -1 8756631 t lperfetto "To identify the FcgammaRII-phosphorylating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), we used the combination of an in vitro and an in vivo approach. In an in vitro assay using recombinant cytoplasmic tails of the different FcgammaRII isoforms as well as tyrosine exchange mutants, we show that each of the BCR-associated PTKs (Lyn, Blk, Fyn, and Syk) shows different phosphorylation patterns with regard to the different FcgammaR isoforms and point|Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of Fc_RIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addi-tion to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249312 RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12861019 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that the human homologue of RNF5 associates with the amino-terminal domain of paxillin, resulting in its ubiquitination. RNF5 requires intact RING and C-terminal domains to mediate paxillin ubiquitination.  Concomitantly, RNF5 expression results in inhibition of cell motility. Via targeting of paxillin ubiquitination, which alters its localization, RNF5 emerges as a novel regulator of cell motility." SIGNOR-271479 MEIS2 protein O14770 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 21746878 t miannu "We show that the Pbx1 and Meis2 homeodomain proteins interact with Klf4 and can be recruited to DNA elements comprising a Klf4 site or G C box, with adjacent Meis and Pbx sites. Meis2d and Pbx1a activate expression of p15(Ink4a) and E-cadherin, dependent on the Meis2d transcriptional activation domain. We suggest a model in which genes with Klf4 sites can be cooperatively activated by Meis2/Pbx1 and Klf4, dependent primarily on recruitment by Klf4." SIGNOR-267242 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 phosphorylation:Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 12167717 t gcesareni "Together, these results suggest a mechanism in which 3' phosphoinositide lipid-dependent translocation of pkb to the plasma membrane promotes serine 473 phosphorylation, which is, in turn, necessary for pdk1-mediated phosphorylation of threonine 308 and, consequentially, full pkb activation." SIGNOR-91354 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004826 10753833 t irozzo "GATA-1 represses PU.1 activity.We have in this report found that the GATA-1 transcription factor is capable of functionally interfering with the PU.1 protein and have provided evidence that this interference is mediated through interaction between the PU.1 ETS domain and the GATA-1 C-finger region." SIGNOR-256050 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT PBXIP1 protein Q96AQ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser147 REEGRCSsSDDDTDV 9606 BTO:0000007 24488098 t miannu "Phosphorylation of HPIP on serine 147 by TBK1 promotes E2-mediated GREB1 expression. Accordingly, we identified the microtubule-associated HPIP, a positive regulator of oncogenic AKT signaling, as a novel MDM2 substrate. MDM2-dependent HPIP degradation occurs in breast cancer cells on its phosphorylation by the estrogen-activated kinase TBK1." SIGNOR-273643 "propionic acid" chemical CHEBI:30768 ChEBI FFAR3 protein O14843 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257490 ABCG1 protein P45844 UNIPROT HDL_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH61 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16054053 f miannu "ABCG1 has a critical role in mediating cholesterol efflux to HDL and preventing cellular lipid accumulation. cholesterol efflux to HDL specifically requires ABCG1, whereas efflux to apoA1 requires ABCA1. These studies identify Abcg1 as a key gene involved in both cholesterol efflux to HDL and in tissue lipid homeostasis." SIGNOR-252111 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM39 protein Q9HCM9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270969 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, another BRCA1 complex, the BRCA1–A complex, which itself contains RAP80 along with MERIT40, BRCC36/45 and Abraxas, has been reported to inhibit DNA end resection, suggesting that, in some contexts, BRCA1 may function to limit and/or prevent over resection of DNA breaks." SIGNOR-263224 AHSA1 protein O95433 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16696853 t miannu "The N-terminal region of Aha1 interacts with the central domain of Hsp90 and stimulates Hsp90 ATPase activity" SIGNOR-252211 ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C129 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241379 atropine chemical CHEBI:16684 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258392 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr32 QNHFVDEyDPTIEDS 9606 BTO:0000007 26617336 t irozzo "Here we identify SHP2 as the ubiquitously expressed tyrosine phosphatase that preferentially binds to and dephosphorylates Ras to increase its association with Raf and activate downstream proliferative Ras/ERK/MAPK signalling." SIGNOR-255982 FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1213 GSSDDVRyVNAFKFM 9606 9722576 t tpavlidou "By expressing the intracellular domain of flt-1/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in the baculosystem, we identified two major tyrosine phosphorylation sites at tyr-1213 and tyr-1242 and two minor tyrosine phosphorylation sites at tyr-1327 and tyr-1333 in this receptor." SIGNOR-59750 DCC-2036 chemical CHEBI:62166 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191313 JAKMIP1 protein Q96N16 UNIPROT GABBR1 protein Q9UBS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9534 BTO:0004055 14718537 f SARA "Reduction in the Marlin-1 protein levels interferes with the translation, assembly, or stability of GABAB receptors during the maturation of cortical neurons." SIGNOR-260988 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9534 BTO:0000298 10480933 t miannu "90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase is phosphorylated and activated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1." SIGNOR-252763 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 18519638 f "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Gly86Arg (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Ala5Val (mutation causing interaction)" "SOD1mut-induced ER stress |we first examined whether SOD1mut induces ER stress in NSC34 motor neurons, as assessed by band-shift analyses of the ER transmembrane kinase receptors IRE1 and PERK. Adenovirus (Ad)-mediated expression of ALS-linked SOD1mut (SOD1G93A) was detectable within 48 h of infection (Supplemental Fig. S1A). SOD1mut (SOD1A4V, SOD1G85R, and SOD1G93A) but not wild-type SOD1 (SOD1wt) activated IRE1 and PERK" SIGNOR-262788 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXC13 protein P31276 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260027 "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25693131 t miannu "The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) enzyme transcribes all protein-coding and most non-coding RNA genes and is globally regulated by Mediator — a large, conformationally flexible protein complex with a variable subunit composition (for example, a four-subunit cyclin-dependent kinase 8 module can reversibly associate with it). Because of its direct and extensive interactions with Pol II, Mediator regulates multiple stages of Pol II transcription (for example, initiation and re-initiation). Mediator interactions with the super elongation complex (SEC) also seem to be important for its regulation of Pol II elongation." SIGNOR-266682 BRCC3 protein P46736 UNIPROT "BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex" complex SIGNOR-C295 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14636569 t lperfetto "These findings identify BRCC as a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex that enhances cellular survival following DNA damage.|Reconstitution of a recombinant four-subunit complex containing BRCA1/BARD1/BRCC45/BRCC36 revealed an enhanced E3 ligase activity compared to that of BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer" SIGNOR-263205 DAGLA protein Q9Y4D2 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26787883 t miannu "Diacylglycerol lipases (DAGL√鬱 and DAGL√é¬≤) convert diacylglycerol to the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol." SIGNOR-264262 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser368 PNPSTSAsPKKSPPP 9606 17488717 t "Here, we demonstrate that SIRT2 is phosphorylated both in vitro and in vivo on serine 368 by the cell-cycle regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, and dephosphorylated by the phosphatases CDC14A and CDC14B. Overexpression of SIRT2 mediates a delay in cellular proliferation that is dependent on serine 368 phosphorylation|Additionally, we found that SIRT2, like other Cdk1 targets, can be dephosphorylated by the phosphatases CDC14A and CDC14B. In contrast to a published report (8), we did not observe any degradation of SIRT2 by the 26 S proteasome in response to CDC14B overexpression|However, we cannot exclude the possibility that phosphorylation of serine 368 might affect the activity of SIRT2 on other unidentified acetylated substrates." SIGNOR-248834 FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21862621 f miannu "We previously demonstrated that FOXL2 is a transcriptional repressor of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR), P450SCC (CYP11A), P450aromatase (CYP19), and cyclin D2 (CCND2) genes, markers of ovarian follicle proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-254179 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT HIF3A protein Q9Y2N7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000793 27551449 t Parkinson miannu "Here we show that IPAS is a key molecule involved in neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD). IPAS was ubiquitinated by Parkin for proteasomal degradation following carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone treatment. Phosphorylation of IPAS at Thr12 by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) was required for ubiquitination to occur." SIGNOR-263089 U69593 chemical CHEBI:73357 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258827 HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 18350175 f "The first step in metabolism of glucose (Glc) is usually phosphorylation, catalyzed by hexokinase." SIGNOR-259980 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR ORC2 protein Q13416 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr116 LASELAKtPQKSVSF 9606 11931757 t lperfetto "We also found that horc2p is phosphorylated in vitro by cyclin a/cdk2, specifically at residues thr116 and thr226. These data combined strongly suggest that skp2 promotes horc1p turnover and that the n-terminal domain of horc1p, containing most of the phosphorylation sites and overlapping with one of the skp2-interacting domains, is a regulatory element for horc1p stability." SIGNOR-217296 3a protein P59632 UNIPROT "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 30761102 f miannu "We found that the ion channel activity of SARS-CoV 3a protein is essential for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, both K+ efflux and mitochondrial ROS production are required for SARS-CoV 3a-mediated IL-1β secretion. In the case of SARS-CoV, the viroporin E forms forms Ca2+-permeable ion channels and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome.the 3a protein of SARS-CoV has the ability to induce the NLRP3 inflammasome activation by multiple mechanisms." SIGNOR-260594 IL13 protein P35225 UNIPROT IL13RA1 protein P78552 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 12704343 t milica "It is now known that this alternate receptor is a heterodimer, the type ii il-4 receptor or the il-13 receptor, which is comprised of IL-4R And IL-13R1." SIGNOR-100750 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270376 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1654 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120184 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "Foxo1 antagonized ppargamma activity and vice versa indicating that these transcription factors functionally interact in a reciprocal antagonistic manner." SIGNOR-166352 PRL protein P01236 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 12679477 f Regulation miannu "PRL inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity in human white adipose tissue" SIGNOR-251851 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257248 ETV2 protein O00321 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001086 24583263 f irozzo "Using the embryoid body differentiation system, we demonstrate that co-expression of Gata2 augments the activity of Etv2 in promoting endothelial and hematopoietic lineage differentiation." SIGNOR-256009 POU3F4 protein P49335 UNIPROT POU3F2 protein P20265 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9105675 t miannu "POU proteins (Brain-1, Brain-2, Brain-4 and SCIP) serve as transcriptional transactivators. if they were to form homomeric and heteromeric complexes with each other, depending on the particular combination, they might have different DNA-binding specificities and, thus, activate different genes." SIGNOR-220080 E protein P59637 UNIPROT "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 32133002 f miannu "Viroporins are small, highly hydrophobic proteins derived from viruses, which interact with membranes to modify the host cell's permeability to ions or other small molecules. Several viroporins are observed to localize to the Golgi apparatus and other cytoplasmic structures during viral infection.Examples include 2B proteins from EMCV, poliovirus, enterovirus 71 (EV71), and human rhinoviruses (HRV), the envelope (E) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), as well as influenza virus M2 protein. These viroporins activate the NLRP3 inflammasome by inducing different ionic fluxes.N protein from SARS-CoV, cause the flux of calcium from intracellular storages to the cytosol, which is indispensable for NLRP3 activation" SIGNOR-261318 8b protein Q80H93 UNIPROT "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31231549 t miannu "We found that ORF8b triggers robust NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release. NLRP3 activation was accompanied by direct binding of ORF8b to the LRR domain of NLRP3." SIGNOR-260591 ZFHX3 protein Q15911 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14654895 f miannu "these results corroborated the previous reports that ATBF1 regulated AFP expression and inhibited transcription." SIGNOR-255625 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 23136067 t miannu "SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 (RING box protein 2), ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), or RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), was originally cloned in our laboratory as a redox inducible antioxidant protein and later characterized as the second member of the RBX/ROC RING component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL-F-box Proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligase.  by forming a complex with other components of the SCF E3 ligase, SAG promotes ubiquitination and degradation of a number of protein substrates, including c-JUN, DEPTOR, HIF-1α, IκBα, NF1, NOXA, p27, and procaspase-3, thus regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes." SIGNOR-271451 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser276 PQRSRSPsPQPSSHV 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248376 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269607 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10995389 t miannu "Furthermore, APC, in association with CDH1, ubiquitinates CDC6 in vitro, and both APC and CDH1 are required and limiting for CDC6 proteolysis in vivo." SIGNOR-271386 KLF14 protein Q8TD94 UNIPROT SPHK1 protein Q9NYA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 24759103 t Luana "KLF14 Is a Transcriptional Activator of SK1 Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells" SIGNOR-266047 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1303 NKLRRQHsYDTFVDL BTO:0003036 8940188 t llicata "By peptide mapping, automated sequencing, and mass spectrometry, we identified the major site of phosphorylation on the fusion protein as Ser-383, corresponding to Ser-1303 of full-length NR2B. The Km for phosphorylation of this site in the fusion protein was approximately 50 nM, much lower than that of other known substrates for CaM kinase II, suggesting that the receptor is a high affinity substrate. We show that serine 1303 in the full-length NR2B and/or the cognate site in NR2A is a major site of phosphorylation of the receptor both in the postsynaptic density fraction and in living hippocampal neurons." SIGNOR-250630 CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 15980064 t lperfetto "These data indicate that the camkks function in intact cells as ampkks, predicting wider roles for these kinases in regulating ampk activity in vivo." SIGNOR-217496 S protein P59594 UNIPROT "Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C240 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9534 BTO:0001444 18554741 t miannu "Cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is mediated by the viral spike (S) protein. Amino acids 319-510 on the S protein have been mapped as the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which mediates binding to the SARS-CoV receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on SARS-CoV susceptible cells. Here, we demonstrate that the RBD spike protein alone can be internalized together with ACE2. We propose that after binding to ACE2, the RBD spike protein activates the ACE2 mediated cellular endocytosis signal pathway, by which SARS-CoV enters the susceptible cells." SIGNOR-260287 INPPL1 protein O15357 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 10942391 f lperfetto "Taken together, the data presented here demonstrate that ship inhibits akt primarily through regulation of akt membrane localization." SIGNOR-244406 ANAPC13 protein Q9BS18 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252012 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr256 EHNSTTStFCGTPEY 9606 15209375 t lperfetto "Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-236637 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr336 GDDEASAtVSKTETS -1 9099669 t lperfetto "Thus, the primary protein kinase C sites are Ser334 and Ser338, with minor phosphorylation of Thr335/336 and Ser343." SIGNOR-248969 "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR G2/M_transition-checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH146 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 16391231 f lperfetto "This result implies that the BRCA1/BARD1–RMN–CtIP complex is required for activation of the G2/M checkpoint." SIGNOR-263229 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C240 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9534 BTO:0001444 18554741 t miannu "Cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is mediated by the viral spike (S) protein. Amino acids 319-510 on the S protein have been mapped as the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which mediates binding to the SARS-CoV receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on SARS-CoV susceptible cells. Here, we demonstrate that the RBD spike protein alone can be internalized together with ACE2. We propose that after binding to ACE2, the RBD spike protein activates the ACE2 mediated cellular endocytosis signal pathway, by which SARS-CoV enters the susceptible cells." SIGNOR-260288 nilotinib chemical CHEBI:52172 ChEBI BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 19108785 t irozzo "Nilotinib is an oral second-generation bcr-abl TKI indicated for the treatment of imatinib resistant or -intolerant Ph+ CML-CP and -AP in adults. Nilotinib binds to inactive configuration of the abl kinase, thus preventing the tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins involved in bcr-abl signal transduction. Nilotinib binds to the inactive (unphosphorylated) configuration of the abl TK, with the P-Ioop folding over, disrupting the ATP binding site and catalytic activity of the enzyme." SIGNOR-255818 RWDD3 protein Q9Y3V2 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation 9606 17956732 t lperfetto "Rsume,_a small_rwd-containing protein, enhances sumo conjugation and stabilizes hif-1alpha during hypoxia" SIGNOR-158590 RAB38 protein P57729 UNIPROT "AP-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C248 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23247405 t lperfetto "Rab32 and Rab38 interact physically and colocalize with BLOC-2, AP-1 and AP-3|These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 operate in the same pathways previously defined for AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2 and suggest they are the specific proteins that divert AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2-dependent cargoes to maturing melanosomes and away from lysosomes." SIGNOR-260701 SUMO1 protein P63165 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys490 QCPRKVIkMESEEGK 9534 BTO:0000298 9756909 t lperfetto "We have shown previously that wild type PML, but not PML-RARalpha, is covalently modified by the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins |We show that Lys65 in the RING finger domain, Lys160 in the B1 Box, and Lys490 in the nuclear localization signal contributes three major sentrinization sites. The PML mutant with Lys to Arg substitutions in all three sites is expressed normally, but cannot be sentrinized|Furthermore, the triple substitution mutant is localized predominantly to the nucleoplasm, in contrast to wild type PML, which is localized to the nuclear bodies." SIGNOR-270541 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SNCB protein Q16143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 LMEPEGEsYEDPPQE 9606 19889641 t lperfetto "Polo-like kinase (plk) family (plk1, plk2, and plk3) phosphorylate alpha-syn and beta-syn specifically at ser-129 and ser-118, respectively. Polo-like kinase 2 (plk2) phosphorylates alpha-synuclein at serine 129 in central nervous system. The membrane association of pd-linked mutant alpha -synuclein, but not wild-type -synuclein, was increased by serine 129 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-176079 3a protein P59632 UNIPROT IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" 9606 20020050 f miannu "The 3a protein was found to induce serine phosphorylation within the IFN alpha-receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) degradation motif and to increase IFNAR1 ubiquitination. Confocal microscopic analysis showed increased translocation of IFNAR1 into the lysosomal compartment and flow cytometry showed reduced levels of IFNAR1 in 3a-expressing cells. These results provide further mechanistic details of the pro-apoptotic effects of the SARS-CoV 3a protein, and suggest a potential role for it in attenuating interferon responses and innate immunity." SIGNOR-260350 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 GLMQRSSsFPYTTKG 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249678 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-268070 LRFN4 protein Q6PJG9 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 t miannu "SALMs 1-3 contain a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, which interacts with PSD-95, an abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein, whereas SALM4 and SALM5 lack PDZ binding. One possibility is that SALM3, which is capable of inducing presynaptic differentiation in contacting axons [19], recruits PSD-95 or SAP102 to the sites of early synaptic adhesion." SIGNOR-264096 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser309 SLGEGNGsPNHQPEP 9606 SIGNOR-C16 19237534 t lperfetto "In vitro, lsf is phosphorylated by cyclin e/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), cyclin c/cdk2, and cyclin c/cdk3, predominantly on s309. Phosphorylation by cyclin c/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 following mitogenic stimulation of murine fibroblasts inhibits transcriptional activity of lsf during g1 progression" SIGNOR-184160 MRPL33 protein O75394 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262364 LONP2 protein Q86WA8 UNIPROT TYSND1 protein Q2T9J0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 22002062 t miannu "Self-cleavage of Tysnd1 in the active oligomer most likely inactivates its protease activity. Subsequently, the cleaved products are degraded by PsLon and removed from the Tysnd1 oligomer." SIGNOR-261054 TLR2 protein O60603 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001025 19185596 f miannu "S protein is a ligand for human TLR2. S protein utilizes toll-like receptor 2(TLR 2) to increase IL-8 production.Our results show that SARS S protein in a soluble form increased IL-8 production through hTLR2 ligand interaction. we have provided evidence that S protein induces IL-8 in PBMC in vitro and in THP-1 cells. The ability of S protein to increase IL-8 mRNA was mediated by activation of NF-κB possibly via TLR2 ligand and could be inhibited by the NF-κB inhibitor TPCK. The ability to detect elevated NF-κB transcription factor activity in the nucleus in response to S protein suggests that this most likely occurs by the mechanism of induction. Moreover increased secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 cytokines indicated that levels of proinflammatory mediators could be enhanced by S protein interaction with monocyte macrophages and could stimulate NK, neutrophil and monocyte migration to the site of infection." SIGNOR-260973 atomoxetine chemical CHEBI:127342 ChEBI SLC6A3 protein Q01959 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9871604 t miannu "The gamma-amino alcohol/ether unit contained in venlafaxine, 2 fluoxetine, 3 and tomoxetine 3 has been prepared by a sequence of nitrile aldol reaction and nitrile reduction. Equilibrium dissociation constants KD for binding of (_+)-2 and (_+)-3 to hSERT, hNET, and hDAT are given in Table 2." SIGNOR-259070 glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264751 LMP2 protein P13285 UNIPROT IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 19718044 f scontino "The EBV-encoded Latent Membrane Proteins, LMP2A and LMP2B, Limit the Actions of Interferon by Targeting Interferon Receptors for Degradation.LMP2A and LMP2B increase the turnover and degradation of IFNAR1 and IFNGR1. LMP2A and LMP2B reduce the half-life of IFNAR1 and IFNGR1." SIGNOR-266824 "MSH release-inhibiting hormone" smallmolecule CID:56842142 PUBCHEM MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257539 "Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C240 SIGNOR "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR up-regulates 17522231 f lperfetto "These results suggest that when SARS-CoV binds ACE2 it is internalized and penetrates early endosomes in a clathrin-dependent manner |The clathrin-dependent endocytosis is initiated by the binding of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes to the cytoplasmic tail of the cell-surface receptors, which recruits clathrins" SIGNOR-260711 "CoV2 Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C254 SIGNOR "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR up-regulates 17522231 f lperfetto "These results suggest that when SARS-CoV binds ACE2 it is internalized and penetrates early endosomes in a clathrin-dependent manner |The clathrin-dependent endocytosis is initiated by the binding of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes to the cytoplasmic tail of the cell-surface receptors, which recruits clathrins" SIGNOR-260756 "diisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:35459 ChEBI OXER1 protein Q8TDS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "We discovered that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), two of the highest volume production agents, were potent activators of human CAR2 (hCAR2), a unique human CAR splice variant and, to a lesser degree, human PXR (hPXR)." SIGNOR-268773 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RANGAP1 protein P46060 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 EPAPVLSsPPPADVS 9606 SIGNOR-C17 15037602 t lperfetto "Here, we show that rangap1 is phosphorylated on residues t409, s428, and s442. Phosphorylation occurs before nuclear envelope breakdown and is maintained throughout mitosis . Alternatively, phosphorylated rangap1 may recruit specific sumo target proteins to ranbp2's catalytic domain." SIGNOR-123516 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr733 LPPVFSGtPKGSGAG 9606 BTO:0000567 20667468 t miannu "Activated ERK5 undergoes autophosphorylation on its C-terminal half, necessary for maximal activation of ERK5 transcriptional activation. The Ser731 and Thr733 sites were previously shown to be ERK5 autophosphorylation sites in vitro and also in ERK5-overexpressing cells.Our data coincide with a recent study examining whole protein phosphorylation in HeLa cells arrested in G1 and mitotic phases [37] reported that Ser731 and Thr733, as well as Ser720, are phosphorylated in ERK5 during mitosis. We also identified two unreported ERK5 phosphorylation sites, Ser567 and Ser803." SIGNOR-259822 ixazomib chemical CHEBI:90942 ChEBI PSMB5 protein P28074 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194509 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189356 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-189133 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11287630 f gcesareni "Irs-1 tyrosine phosphorylation by tnf was blocked by rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor), a downstream target of akt. these results suggest that tnf impairs insulin signaling through irs-1" SIGNOR-106599 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser608 ENTEDQYsLVEDDED 10090 BTO:0000944 15016818 t "Protein phosphatase-2C alpha as a positive regulator of insulin sensitivity through direct activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes|PP2C_ dephosphorylates the p85 subunit of PI3K, and dephosphorylation of the p85 subunit of PI3K at Ser608 increases its activity" SIGNOR-252724 S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "CoV2 Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C254 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9534 BTO:0001444 32155444 t miannu "We report here that ACE2 could mediate SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated entry into cells, establishing it as a functional receptor for this newly emerged coronavirus. The SARS-CoV-2 SB engages human ACE2 (hACE2) with comparable affinity to SARS-CoV SB from viral isolates associated with the 2002–2003 epidemic (i.e., binding with high affinity to hACE2). Tight binding to hACE2 could partially explain the efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, as was the case for SARS-CoV." SIGNOR-260739 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "CoV2 Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C254 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9534 BTO:0001444 32155444 t miannu "We report here that ACE2 could mediate SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated entry into cells, establishing it as a functional receptor for this newly emerged coronavirus. The SARS-CoV-2 SB engages human ACE2 (hACE2) with comparable affinity to SARS-CoV SB from viral isolates associated with the 2002–2003 epidemic (i.e., binding with high affinity to hACE2). Tight binding to hACE2 could partially explain the efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, as was the case for SARS-CoV." SIGNOR-260740 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 t Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261584 spiperone chemical CHEBI:9233 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258894 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr321 LGQRIYQyIQSRFYR 9606 10910078 t lperfetto "Mirk kinase is activated by autophosphorylation on tyrosine at the y271/y273 site" SIGNOR-79764 "perfluorooctanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:35549 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 BTO:0000011 16731579 t miannu "Human, mouse, and rat PPARα were activated by PFOA isomers and PFOS." SIGNOR-268790 drospirenone chemical CHEBI:50838 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000671 1493716 t miannu "Dihydrospirorenone is a potent aldosterone antagonist 8 times as potent as spironolactone and antiandrogenic (0.3 times cyproterone acetate). The high binding affinity of dihydrospirorenone to the binding sites of the mineralocorticoid receptor of rat kidney with an RBA value of 230% compared to aldosterone is remarkable. This reflects the strong antimineralocorticoid activity of this compound which was evaluated in adrenalectomized rats." SIGNOR-258349 FZD8 protein Q9H461 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000971 21078818 t amattioni "Ligands such as Wnt1, Wnt3a, and Wnt8 couple the seven-transmembrane domain receptor Frizzled (Fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) to activate Wnt–Beta-catenin signaling." SIGNOR-169638 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT FHL1 protein Q13642 UNIPROT down-regulates sumoylation Lys144 GTGSFFPkGEDFYCV 9606 17509614 t gcesareni "Pias1 (the protein inhibitor of activated stat1) interacts with kyot2 directly and attenuates kyot2-mediated transcriptional repression. We demonstrate that kyot2 is modified by sumoylation at two lysine residues, k144 and k171. Sumoylation of the transfected kyot2 is enhanced by pias1" SIGNOR-154801 NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT NPPB protein P16860 UNIPROT unknown "transcriptional regulation" 15837525 f "In comparison to the ANF gene, less is known about BNP promoter consensus elements that regulate gene expression by mechanical or neurohumoral agonists. A number of cis-acting elements for GATA, Nkx2.5, NF-kappaB and TEF transcription factors have recently been identified within the BNP promoter that regulate BNP expression in response to specific agonists. This review focuses on the information available regarding cis-acting determinants responsible for inducible BNP transcription." SIGNOR-253649 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 t gcesareni "Well-described targets of srebp-1 and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (chrebp), which include the following: fatty acid synthase (fas), acetyl coa carboxylase (acc1), and liver pyruvate kinase (l-pk)" SIGNOR-142294 RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15854902 t lperfetto "Rheb binds and regulates the mTOR kinase." SIGNOR-135770 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" dephosphorylation Ser661 QNEFAGFsYTNPEFV 9606 BTO:0000067 18162466 t gcesareni "Here we show that the two PHLPP isoforms, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, also dephosphorylate the hydrophobic motif on PKC betaII, an event that shunts PKC to the detergent-insoluble fraction, effectively terminating its life cycle" SIGNOR-237039 "Daunorubicin hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:31456 ChEBI TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1963303 t miannu "DNA topoisomerase II as the primary target of anti-tumor anthracyclines.Such studies have also given evidence of the peculiar features of the drug interference with DNA topoisomerase II activity. In contrast to other cytotoxic topoisomerase II inhibitors (acridines, epipodophyllotoxins), anthracyclines produce persistent DNA cleavable complexes. This property is more evident with doxorubicin derivatives than with daunorubicin derivatives." SIGNOR-259323 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser689 KGVDFESsEDDDDDP -1 28436950 t miannu "Here we show that MRE11 directly interacts with PIH1D1, a subunit of heat-shock protein 90 cochaperone R2TP complex, which is required for the assembly of large protein complexes, such as RNA polymerase II, small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. The MRE11-PIH1D1 interaction is dependent on casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation of two acidic sequences within the MRE11 C terminus containing serines 558/561 and 688/689." SIGNOR-265895 CH5132799 chemical CID:49784945 PUBCHEM PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190943 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 17673906 f lperfetto "We report that upon TGF__ stimulation, the activated TGF__ type I receptor (T_RI) recruits and directly phosphorylates ShcA proteins on tyrosine and serine. This dual phosphorylation results from an intrinsic T_RI tyrosine kinase activity that complements its well_defined serine_threonine kinase function. TGF___induced ShcA phosphorylation induces ShcA association with Grb2 and Sos, thereby initiating the well_characterised pathway linking receptor tyrosine kinases with Erk MAP kinases." SIGNOR-242622 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "Taken together, these data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm. In this scenario,the release by immune effector cells of large amounts of pro-in-flammatory cytokines (IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-33,TNFα, TGFβ) and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2, CCL3,CCL5) precipitates and sustains the aberrant systemic inflammatoryresponse. The cytokine storm is readily followed by theimmune system “attacking” the body, which in turn will cause ARDSand multiple organ failure, the final result being death, at least in themost severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection" SIGNOR-261034 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189984 "TTM complex" complex SIGNOR-C305 SIGNOR "Shelterin complex" complex SIGNOR-C306 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 33015044 t lperfetto "The shelterin complex has six proteins, containing TRF1, TRF2, POT1, RAP1, TIN2, and TPP1. The shelterin complex is localized to the chromosome end and protects telomeric DNA (Palm and de Lange, 2008). The TTM complex acts as a “linker” and bridges the LINC and shelterin complexes together. The connection between TTM and shelterin complexes is well-known, which is mediated by TERB1 and TRF1" SIGNOR-263308 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation Lys159 APSSMMVkDEYVHDF 9606 12621041 t gcesareni "The mh1 domain of smad4 was shown to associate physically with ubc9, the ubiquitin carrier protein (e2) conjugating enzyme in sumoylation. In cultured cells, smad4 is modified by sumo-1 at the endogenous level. The sumoylation sites were identified as two evolutionarily conserved lysine residues, lys-113 and lys-159, in the mh1 domain. We found that the mutations at lys-113 and lys-159 did not alter the ability of smad4 to form a complex with smad2 and fast on the mix.2 promoter. Importantly, sumo-1 overexpression enhanced tgf-beta-induced transcriptional responses. These findings identify sumoylation as a unique mechanism to modulate smad4-dependent cellular responses" SIGNOR-98997 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT INPPL1 protein O15357 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr987 SFNNPAYyVLEGVPH 9606 12235291 t lperfetto "Ship2 could be phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant src kinase and tyrosines 986-987 in the npxy motif of ship2 appear to be the major sites of phosphorylation for src both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-92935 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16510874 f gcesareni "Beta-cat promotes h3k4 trimethylation at the c-myc gene in vivo. H3k4 trimethylation in vivo requires prior ubiquitination of h2b, and we find that ubiquitin is necessary for transcription initiation on chromatin but not nonchromatin templates in vitro.Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that beta-cat recruits pygopus, bcl-9/legless, and mll/set1-type complexes to the c-myc enhancertogether with the negative wnt regulators, apc, and betatrcp." SIGNOR-19153 CCL21 protein O00585 UNIPROT CCR7 protein P32248 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 11970971 t gcesareni "The regulated expression of the chemokine secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (slc/ccl21) and its corresponding receptor, ccr7." SIGNOR-117566 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR ATP6V1A protein P38606 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21804531 f Giorgia "These data suggested that V-ATPase mRNA levels were upregulated by mTORC1 through a transcriptional mechanism. Tfeb is required for mTORC1-induced V-ATPase expression." SIGNOR-260636 OTULIN protein Q96BN8 UNIPROT UBC protein P0CG48 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270820 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser1006 GHGVRRAsDPVRTGS 9606 10693759 t lperfetto "Ci/gli zinc finger proteins mediate the transcriptional effects of hedgehog protein signals. In drosophila, ci action as transcriptional repressor or activator is contingent upon hedgehog-regulated, pka-dependent proteolytic processingall six pka phosphorylation sites are required for processing of gli3." SIGNOR-75339 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR CCNA1 protein P78396 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11090075 f "Overexpression of cyclin A1 observed in APL cells is caused by the expression of the aberrant fusion proteins, PML-RARα and PLZF-RARα. PML-RARα itself can lead to activation of the cyclin A1 promoter.Since both fusion proteins disrupt the normal RARα function, our results strongly suggested that the RARα pathway negatively regulates the expression of cyclin A1 and that this negative regulation is disrupted by the aberrant fusion proteins." SIGNOR-255725 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269546 AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671;BTO:0000763 10911903 t lperfetto "It has been found that a multiprotein complex assembled by the cytoplasmic component conductin induces degradation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin. The complex includes apc, the serine/threonine kinase gsk3 beta, and beta-catenin, which bind to conductin at distinct domains." SIGNOR-228003 TCL1A protein P56279 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t lperfetto "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-244449 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser146 MEPERRDsQDGSSYR 9606 12571245 t lperfetto "Recombinant human LASP was phosphorylated by cGMP- and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK) in vitro. Cotransfection of PtK-2 cells with LASP and cGK confirmed phosphorylation of LASP in vivo. Studies with human LASP mutants identified serine 146 as a specific phosphorylation site for cGK and cAK in vivo. LASP is an actin-binding protein, and the phospho-LASP-mimicking mutant S146D showed reduced binding affinity for F-actin in cosedimentation experiments." SIGNOR-249197 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 12496362 t "LAR PTPase domain 2 was tyrosine phosphorylated by Fyn tyrosine kinase. we confirmed that LAR dephosphorylated the phosphorylated tyrosine residues of Lck and Fyn, and tyrosine residue(s) in LAR PTPase D2 was phosphorylated by Fyn to supply Fyn SH2 binding site." SIGNOR-251180 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT TBXT protein O15178 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254929 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C5 15340381 t gcesareni "Scfb-trcp continues to have a role in this phase, however, through its induced degradation of the cdk1 inhibitor, wee1." SIGNOR-128439 4-[[5-amino-1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)-oxomethyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:94506 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193546 GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23612709 f miannu "Activated NFATc2 stimulates myoblast fusion through the increased production of IL-4 and myoferlin. Possible stimuli for NFATc2 activation are PGF2α and GH." SIGNOR-255459 RAN protein P62826 UNIPROT XPOT protein O43592 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9660920 t miannu "The first step in export appears to be the formation of a trimeric tRNA/exportin-t/RanGTP complex. tRNA and RanGTP bind to exportin-t in a highly cooperative manner: tRNA increases the affinity of exportin-t for RanGTP apparently 300-fold (Figure 5A); conversely, RanGTP has to increase the affinity of exportin-t for tRNA by the same factor. RanGTP appears to have at least two functions in this complex. First, it stabilizes the tRNA/exportin-t interaction (see Figure 4B). Second, exportin-t apparently has to bind RanGTP for rapid exit from the nucleus" SIGNOR-261392 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19703466 t "GTP-bound, active WT Gαi1 acts to inhibit AC, resulting in a decreased concentration of intracellular cAMP." SIGNOR-256498 PRL protein P01236 UNIPROT PRLR protein P16471 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10585417 t gcesareni "Prolactin-dependent signaling occurs as the result of ligand-induced dimerization of the prolactin receptor (prlr)." SIGNOR-72810 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CDC27 protein P30260 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser379 NALPRRSsRLFTSDS 9606 22137581 t lperfetto "Using this approach for ppp1r12c, baiap2, and cdc27, we found that mutation of a single serine to alanine (s452, s366, and s379, respectively) resulted in an almost complete loss of ampk phosphorylation in these proteins" SIGNOR-216434 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 RQNPSRCsVSLSNVE 9606 BTO:0000007 10978317 t lperfetto "Serine 727 phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by MNK1-related protein kinases." SIGNOR-249051 ABT-737 chemical CID:11228183 PUBCHEM BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189174 ritonavir chemical CHEBI:45409 ChEBI CYP3A4 protein P08684 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18285471 t Luana "Ritonavir is the most potent and efficacious inhibitor of cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A" SIGNOR-257769 NRP1 protein O14786 UNIPROT "CoV2 spike protein-NRP1" complex SIGNOR-C267 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 other t https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.137802 miannu "Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and provides a possible pathway into the central nervous system To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 uses NRP1 for virus entry, we generated replication deficient lentiviruses pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) that drive expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) upon infection. When expressed alone, ACE2 rendered cells susceptible to infection (Fig. 1a). NRP1 alone allowed lower, yet detectable levels of infection, both in HEK-293T and in Caco2 cells (Fig. 1a,b), while cells transfected with plasmids encoding only TMPRSS2 were not infected (Fig. 1a). The co-expression of TMPRSS2 with either ACE2 or NRP1 potentiated the infection, with ACE2 together with TMPRSS2 being twice as efficient as NRP1 with TMPRSS2 (Fig. 1c)" SIGNOR-261672 S protein P0DTC2 UNIPROT "CoV2 spike protein-NRP1" complex SIGNOR-C267 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 other t https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.137802 miannu "Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and provides a possible pathway into the central nervous system To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 uses NRP1 for virus entry, we generated replication deficient lentiviruses pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) that drive expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) upon infection. When expressed alone, ACE2 rendered cells susceptible to infection (Fig. 1a). NRP1 alone allowed lower, yet detectable levels of infection, both in HEK-293T and in Caco2 cells (Fig. 1a,b), while cells transfected with plasmids encoding only TMPRSS2 were not infected (Fig. 1a). The co-expression of TMPRSS2 with either ACE2 or NRP1 potentiated the infection, with ACE2 together with TMPRSS2 being twice as efficient as NRP1 with TMPRSS2 (Fig. 1c)" SIGNOR-261671 CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 21822308 t miannu "We find that CHKA forms a complex with EGFR in a c-Src-dependent manner. Endogenous CHKA and EGFR co-immunoprecipitated from a variety of breast cancer cell lines and immortalized mammary epithelial cells. CHKA interacted with the EGFR kinase domain upon c-Src co-overexpression and was phosphorylated in a c-Src-dependent manner on Y197 and Y333. CHKA is required for maximum EGF-dependent cell growth in mammary epithelium-derived cell lines" SIGNOR-266352 hydromorphone chemical CHEBI:5790 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258143 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT TINF2 protein Q9BSI4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser330 ASTGKSKsPCQTLGG 9606 23977114 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serines 295 and 330 appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by the mitotic kinase rsk2. The consequence of tin2 phosphorylation during mitosis remains to be determined" SIGNOR-202536 LDHA protein P00338 UNIPROT pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24929216 t "Glucose and alanine produce pyruvate which is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm without oxygen consumption. Lactate removal takes place via its oxidation to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase." SIGNOR-266918 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9660950 t lperfetto "The transcriptional activity of nf-kappa b is stimulated upon phosphorylation of its p65 subunit on serine 276 by protein kinase a (pka)." SIGNOR-217364 "1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:681 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7576010 t miannu "The affinities of D2 receptors for agonists and antagonists were compared for receptors labeled with [1251]-7-OHPIPAT and with [*251]-NCQ-298 under conditions that promote, respectively, coupling or uncoupling of receptors to G proteins. Table 1.Similarly, the affinities of D3 receptors for quinpirole and dopamine were much higher than the affinities of D:! receptors for the agonists in the presence of Gpp(NH)p and NaCl when [1251]-NCQ-298 was used to label receptors; however, when Gpp(NH)p and NaCl were not present, and when [12sI]-7-OH-PIPAT was used, receptors bound quinpirole and dopamine with nearly equal affinities (Table 1)." SIGNOR-258434 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 16628196 f miannu "The activation of STAT1 by IFNs not only induces chemokine production, but also results in the expression of IRF-7 and TLR3, thus amplifying the dsRNA-provoked reaction in a positive-feedback manner during viral infection." SIGNOR-255231 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 FDGSSCIsPTIVQQF 10090 BTO:0000944 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-249441 CAPZA1 protein P52907 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "Finally, the capZ protein recaps the barbed filament ends to complete the assembly and these actin cytoskeletons can be used for cellular contraction, resulting in the final activated platelet shape" SIGNOR-261855 "Glycine cleavage system" complex SIGNOR-C437 SIGNOR glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051266 t lperfetto "The glycine cleavage system is a mitochondrial multienzyme system composed of four proteins termed P, H, T and L-protein, and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-H4folate), and reduced pyridine nucleotide." SIGNOR-268238 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265420 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GPKOW protein Q92917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr316 GTASSRKtLWNQELY -1 21880142 t miannu "PKA phosphorylates GPKOW at S27 and T316 in vitro. GPKOWs ability to bind RNA is sensitive to mutations of its PKA phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-266308 NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT GFI1B protein Q5VTD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19965638 f miannu "HMGB2 binds to the GFI1B promoter in vivo and up-regulates its trans-activation most likely by enhancing the binding of Oct-1 and, to a lesser extent, of GATA-1 and NF-Y to the GFI1B promoter." SIGNOR-254434 POU2AF1 protein Q16633 UNIPROT POU2F2 protein P09086 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 8654375 t miannu "We have shown previously that both octamer binding transcription factors, namely the ubiquitous oct-1 and the b cell-specific oct-2a protein, can be enhanced in transcriptional activity by their association with the b cell-specific coactivator protein bob1, also calledobf-1or oca-b." SIGNOR-42278 CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr177 DPGSVLStACGTPGY 7641687 t llicata "Human calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I: cDNA cloning, domain structure and activation by phosphorylation at threonine-177 by calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I kinase." SIGNOR-250716 EMSY protein Q7Z589 UNIPROT CBX1 protein P83916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 14651845 t miannu "The binding sites for HP1β and BS69 with EMSY abut each other, and are found directly adjacent to the ENT domain of EMSY. This demonstrates that EMSY has the capacity to contact directly at least two proteins which contain a Royal Family domain. Since this domain is found in proteins with a chromatin connection, we assume that EMSY functions, at least partly, in the regulation of chromatin." SIGNOR-263917 ZW10 protein O43264 UNIPROT "RZZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C357 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20462495 t lperfetto "The RZZ complex recruits dynein to kinetochores. We investigated structure, topology, and interactions of the RZZ subunits (ROD, ZWILCH, and ZW10) in vitro, in vivo, and in silico." SIGNOR-265012 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser241 SKQARANsFVGTAQY 9606 11481331 t miannu "In terms of the modulation of PDK1 activity by reversible phosphorylation, five pS sites have been identified on PDK1 in vivo, but only one of these sites, Ser-241 in the activation loop of PDK1, is essential for activity. It seems likely that PDK1 autophosphorylates itself on this residue." SIGNOR-250268 HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 16613856 t gcesareni "Hdac4 and hdac5 deacetylate runx2 and lead to a smurf-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-145983 HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257256 COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Collagen is the major structural protein in skeletal muscle ECM;...Several studies suggest that perimysial collagen is predominantly type I" SIGNOR-254662 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT F11R protein Q9Y624 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr92 DRVTFLPtGITFKSV -1 7646439 t lperfetto "Internal amino acid sequence analysis of the F11 antigen provided information concerning 68 amino acids and suggested two consensus phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C (PKC). The phosphorylation by PKC of the isolated F11 antigen was observed following stimulation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate." SIGNOR-248901 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser853 LPLLPPEsPGPLRQR 9606 BTO:0000007 20622900 t miannu "HScrib is a substrate of ERK and PKA. Under normal growth conditions, hScrib is phosphorylated at S853, most likely by ERK, and at S1445 by PKA. Interestingly, stimulation of MAPK by osmotic stress results in a marked loss of phosphorylation at the PKA site S1445, but a concomitant increase in phosphorylation at S1448, presumably also by ERK. At present, we have no information as to what are the functional consequences of ERK or PKA phosphorylation of hScrib. However, we can speculate that this will most likely affect the ability of hScrib to interact with some of its cellular partners, and studies are currently in progress to investigate these aspects further." SIGNOR-263065 CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26652733 t "The cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) is a coactivator known to be specific to CREB and plays a central role in the glucagon-mediated activation of gluconeogenesis in the early phase of fasting" SIGNOR-256102 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1047 SSSSELStPEKPPHQ 9606 BTO:0000680;BTO:0001573;BTO:0001286 14551205 t lperfetto "Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene, by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b.Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain. Tuberin interacts with phosphohamartin, and tuberin expression attenuates the phosphorylation of exogenous hamartin. Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70s6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex" SIGNOR-216949 PTGER2 protein P43116 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256899 HSD17B11 protein Q8NBQ5 UNIPROT 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000056 16166196 t lperfetto "A novel 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) chronologically named type 12 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD12), that transforms estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) was identified by sequence similarity with type 3 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD3) that catalyzes the formation of testosterone from androstenedione in the testis." SIGNOR-268664 FN1/SDC4 complex SIGNOR-C210 SIGNOR WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT up-regulates 23290138 t apalma "We found that binding of ECM glycoprotein Fibronectin (FN) to Sdc4 stimulates the ability of Wnt7a to induce the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells" SIGNOR-255287 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PPP1R15A protein O75807 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11517336 t gcesareni "Gadd34 was tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo in a lyn-dependent manner." SIGNOR-109934 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA1 protein Q9Y5H4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265708 AVEN protein Q9NQS1 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 18571408 t miannu "These data suggest that Aven overexpression can activate ATM and that Aven phosphorylation in a positive feedback loop enforces Aven activity, making it a more potent ATM activator." SIGNOR-262638 Diprenorphine chemical CHEBI:4650 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258790 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser266 QYLGSIAsPSVHPAT 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t miannu "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on AML1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of AML1c in K562 and 293T cells (27).4 Mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein. The presence of these mutations results in an increase in the amount of ubiquitinated AML1c in the matrix, and increases the half-life of this insoluble AML1c. One possible model to explain these observations is that phosphorylation might be necessary for the normal process of both proteasome degradation and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-268219 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Znrf3 is associated with the wnt receptor complex, and inhibits wnt by promoting the turnover of frizzled and lrp6. Frizzled receptors are regu__lated by cycles of ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation, and znrf3 and rnf43 act as frizzled ubiquitin ligases, removing frizzled and possibly lrp6 from the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-199656 selumetinib chemical CHEBI:90227 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190191 CAY10505 chemical CID:1204893 PUBCHEM PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190859 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10321728 t miannu "We identified a human F-box/WD40 repeats protein (HOS), which is homologous to Slimb/h betaTrCP. Being a part of SCF complex with Skp1 and Cullin1, HOS specifically interacted with the phosphorylated IkappaB and beta-catenin, targeting these proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation in vivo. " SIGNOR-272545 LMO2 protein P25791 UNIPROT ANGPT2 protein O15123 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22792348 f miannu "Here, we identified angiopoietin-2 (ang-2), which encodes a major regulator of angiogenesis, as a direct transcriptional target of tal1,lyl1and lmo2. Knockdown of any of the three transcription factors in human blood and lymphatic endothelial cells caused ang-2 mrna and protein down-regulation." SIGNOR-198249 ASH2L protein Q9UBL3 UNIPROT HMT complex SIGNOR-C19 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17500065 t lperfetto "The evolutionarily conserved hdpy-30, ash2l, rbbp5, and wdr5 likely constitute a subcomplex that is shared by all human set1-like hmt complexes." SIGNOR-154760 ING1 protein Q9UK53 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 15662138 f miannu "Ectopic expression of p33ING1b could obviously upregulate p53, p21WAF1 and bax protein levels and activate caspase-3 in taxol-treated U2OS cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that p33ING1b enhances taxol-induced apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway in human osteosarcoma cells." SIGNOR-254489 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser235 SPQDSPPsKASPAQD 9606 21215781 t lperfetto "Cdk5 regulates app (amyloid precursor protein) processing and tau hyperphosphorylationtau phosphorylation at t231, s235 and s262 also contributes to the dissociation of tau from microtubules" SIGNOR-251587 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004180 23041284 t flangone "Furthermore, in ECCs, unphosphorylated Oct4 bound to the AKT1 promoter and repressed its transcription." SIGNOR-252635 HIPK1 protein Q86Z02 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser668 KKICTLPsPPSPLAS 9606 12529400 t Manara "HIPK1 phosphorylates Daxx on Ser 669, and phosphorylation of this site is important in modulating the ability of Daxx to function as a transcriptional repressor. | Therefore, phosphorylation at Ser 669 by HIPK1 diminishes the ability of Daxx to repress transcription." SIGNOR-260842 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 8533096 f ggiuliani "We also examined whether TAK1 was activated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). BMP-4 also stimulated TAK1 activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner" SIGNOR-255815 PPAT protein Q06203 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9914248 t miannu "Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase (GPATase) catalyzes the first step of de novo purine biosynthesis, the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-(~)l-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to 5-phosphoribosyl-([3)l-amine (PRA). The nitrogen source for the reaction is the amide group of glutamine." SIGNOR-267294 simvastatin chemical CHEBI:9150 ChEBI HMGCR protein P04035 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 1433193 t miannu "Substitution of hydroxy and hydroxyalkyl functionality at C-7 of the hexahydronaphthalene nucleus of simvastatin has provided novel analogs. The synthetic strategy employed epoxidation or Lewis acid-catalyzed aldol reaction of the 8-keto silyl enol ether as a key reactive intermediate. These analogs were evaluated as potential hypocholesterolemic agents via initial determination of their ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase in vitro." SIGNOR-258348 PMF1 protein Q6P1K2 UNIPROT "MIS12 complex" complex SIGNOR-C362 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27881301 t lperfetto "Human MIS12C (also known as MIND complex or Mtw1 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) contains the MIS12, PMF1, NSL1, and DSN1 subunits" SIGNOR-265192 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr336 GGPGPERtPGSGSGS 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-34669 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser163 KRFSFKKsFKLSGFS -1 8557118 t gcesareni "PRK1 phosphorylates MARCKS at the PKC sites: serine 152, serine 156 and serine 163." SIGNOR-249651 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr235 SSSSPPGtPSPADAK 9606 BTO:0000551 19723873 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of cebpb at thr(235) peaked at 16 hours in il-1beta-stimulated cells. The mek inhibitor u0126 inhibited this phosphorylation and reduced mmp-1 gene induction." SIGNOR-238303 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser207 TSVRRRTsFYLPKDA 9606 19276349 t llicata "Here, we show that aurora a and b associate with and phosphorylate rassf1a on serine 203 aurora a regulates prometaphase progression by inhibiting the ability of rassf1a to suppress apc-cdc20 activity." SIGNOR-184561 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 8106516 t "Two Genes for de Novo Purine Nucleotide Synthesis on Human Chromosome 4 Are Closely Linked and Divergently Transcribed√¢‚Ǩ¬ù" SIGNOR-267189 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1623 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248780 "erlotinib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:53509 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191502 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr706 RDVYSTDyYRVGGHT 9606 BTO:0000793 26214522 t Luana "Collectively, these data establish a direct enzyme-substrate interaction between PTP1B and phosphorylated Y705/706 (p-Y705/706) TRKB, the critical autophosphorylation sites that mediate BDNF-induced signaling.| Therefore, the data are consistent with a role of PTP1B as an inhibitor of BDNF/TRKB signaling" SIGNOR-264554 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr341 GQRDSSYyWEIEASE 9606 12551923 t gcesareni "We also show that phosphorylation of raf-1 on serine 338 by pak1 and tyrosines 340 and 341 by src relieves autoinhibition and that this occurs through a specific decrease in the binding of the raf-1 regulatory domain to its catalytic domain." SIGNOR-97639 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser66 GVYATRSsAVRLRSS -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248884 AZD-8055 chemical CHEBI:91329 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;ATP-competitive inhibitor mTOR" gcesareni SIGNOR-190215 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272182 FOXI1 protein Q12951 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20972246 f miannu "Results of transiently transfected vas deferens cells with either the -33G wild-type or the -33A variant CFTR directed luciferase reporter gene confirmed that the -33A variant, which alters the FOXI1 (Forkhead box I1) binding, significantly decreases the CFTR promoter activity." SIGNOR-254176 Liprin-alpha proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF82 SIGNOR KIF1A protein Q12756 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 30021165 t miannu "Kinesin-3 Family Member KIF1A Interacts with Liprin-α and TANC2. TANC2 and Liprin-α Recruit KIF1A-Driven DCVs in Dendritic Spines. Upon Ca2+/CaM binding, KIF1A is activated, allowing for DCV loading and motility. KIF1A-driven DCVs are recruited in dendritic spines by liprin-α and TANC2, which ensure a precise mechanism of synaptic tagging for the vesicles." SIGNOR-266892 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 32554797 t miannu "We conducted an unbiased proteomic screen to uncover novel substrates of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that controls the abundance of key cell cycle regulators. We found that IRS2 levels are regulated by APC/C activity and that IRS2 is a direct APC/C target in G1 Consistent with the APC/C's role in degrading cell cycle regulators. Consistent with this observation, we found that APC/C inhibition decreased the polyubiquitylation of HA-tagged IRS2 in HeLa cells treated with MG132 (Fig. 2G)." SIGNOR-272196 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser255 HATSGALsPAKDCGS 9606 9535909 t lperfetto "These studies confirm that connexin-43 is a MAP kinase substrate in vivo and that phosphorylation on Ser255, Ser279, and/or Ser282 initiates the down-regulation of gap junctional communication. Studies with connexin-43 mutants suggest that MAP kinase phosphorylation at one or more of the tandem Ser279/Ser282 sites is sufficient to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249465 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 8654374 t 2 miannu "the nuclear co-activator CREB binding protein (CBP). This protein interacts directly with both c-Myb and v-Myb and potentiates Myb-specific transcription" SIGNOR-240994 "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268596 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 16403219 t lperfetto "All three Pim kinase family members predominantly phosphorylate Bad on Ser112 and in addition are capable of phosphorylating Bad on multiple sites associated with the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic function of Bad in HEK-293 cells. This would be consistent with the proposed function of Pim kinases in promoting cell proliferation and preventing cell death." SIGNOR-259421 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KAT7 protein O95251 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr85 TRSQQQPtPVTPKKY 9606 18250300 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the interaction between plk1 and hbo1 is mitosis-specific and that plk1 phosphorylates hbo1 on ser-57 in vitro and in vivo. During mitosis, cdk1 phosphorylates hbo1 on thr-85/88, creating a docking site for plk1 to be recruited. Significantly, the overexpression of hbo1 mutated at the plk1 phosphorylation site (s57a) leads to cell-cycle arrest in the g1/s phase, inhibition of chromatin loading of the minichromosome maintenance (mcm) complex, and a reduced dna replication rate." SIGNOR-160743 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-199159 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT DBI protein P07108 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr42 ATVGDINtERPGMLD 9606 18194441 t gcesareni "Acyl coenzyme a-binding protein (acbp) is phosphorylated following protein kinase c activation." SIGNOR-160393 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000848 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-253300 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002144 28194038 f "FLT3/ITD causes a significant increase in aerobic glycolysis through AKT-mediated upregulation of mitochondrial hexokinase (HK2), and renders the leukemia cells highly dependent on glycolysis and sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of glycolytic activity" SIGNOR-261322 CSF2 protein P04141 UNIPROT CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 9680354 t apalma "GM-CSF elicits these diverse responses through the GM-CSF receptor (GMR)." SIGNOR-255581 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1172 ISLDNPDyQQDFFPK 9606 8845374 t lperfetto "Revealed that peptides derived from egfr residues y992, y1086, y1101, and y1148 bound directly to the sh2 domain of c-src (figure 8c). These experiments demonstrate that a specific subset of egfr receptor c-src phosphorylation sites are also ligands for the sh2 domain of c-src.Cellular src functions as a co-transducer of transmembrane signals emanating from a variety of growth factor receptors, including egfr" SIGNOR-44251 NAE1 protein Q13564 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 25568892 f lperfetto "Overexpression of AppBp1 in primary neurons induces apoptosis through the neddylation pathway" SIGNOR-256651 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 17668895 f gcesareni "Phosphorylation of creb by msk has been linked to the of nur77, nor1 and c-fos downstream of mapkin various cell types" SIGNOR-157151 CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_progress phenotype SIGNOR-PH42 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 8033212 f gcesareni "p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor implicated in G1 phase arrest by TGF beta and cell-cell contact. p27Kip1 associates with cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes in vivo and in vitro, prevents their activation, and inhibits previously activated complexes, and p27Kip1 overexpression obstructs cell entry into S phase." SIGNOR-241967 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser857 ASPSRPEsPRPPFDL 9606 BTO:0000142 15287745 t lperfetto "Mnb/dyrk1a was shown to phosphorylate dynamin 1 and alter its interactions with several sh3 domain-containing endocytic accessory proteins.Phosphorylation At s795 and s857 was confirmed in full-length dynamin 1, and s857 was subsequently determined to be the major mnb/dyrk1a phosphorylation site in vitro. Phosphorylation at s857 was demonstrated to be the basis for altering the binding of dynamin 1 to amphiphysin 1 and grb 2 by site-directed mutants mimicking phosphorylation." SIGNOR-127444 "Fe2S2 iron-sulfur cluster" chemical CHEBI:49601 ChEBI SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. Four nuclear genes encode the four subunits, SDHA (15 exons), SDHB (8 exons), SDHC (6 exons) and SDHD (4 exons), mapping on to chromosomes 5p15, 1p35-p36.1, 1q21 and 11q23, respectively." SIGNOR-267735 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 RPRHSIYsSDEDDED -1 7735324 t llicata "For c-Myb mutational analysis of the CKII phosphorylation sites showed altered steady state DNA binding. Replacing Ser-11/12 by alanine residues resulted in increased DNA binding compared to wt c-Myb or Myb Asp-11/12 as demonstrated by up to 10-fold differences in the dissociation constants. " SIGNOR-250918 pimozide chemical CHEBI:8212 ChEBI STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001545 23264850 t miannu "We have identified the psychotropic drug pimozide as an effective inhibitor of STAT5 function. Pimozide inhibits the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5, leading to the death of AML cells through the induction of apoptosis." SIGNOR-260125 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1 " SIGNOR-271628 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser688 QFHSPVGsPLKSIQA 9606 20236090 t "Reciprocally, we found that the phosphatases Cdc14A and Cdc14B (Cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to ERK3 and reverse its C-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis. Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.|In vitro phosphorylation of a series of ERK3-deletion mutants by mitotic cell extracts revealed that phosphorylation is confined to the unique C-terminal extension of the protein. Using MS analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, Ser684, Ser688, Thr698 and Ser705, located at the extreme C-terminus of ERK3." SIGNOR-248335 Oxotremorine chemical CHEBI:7851 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258652 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000318 8378084 t miannu "CRE-BPa specifically binds to CRE as a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun or CRE-BP1. In CAT cotransfection experiments using CV-1 cells, transient expression of each of four CRE-BPa proteins caused a 1.6- to 3.4-fold increase of CRE-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-219602 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253444 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CGRRF1 protein Q99675 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270960 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT WASF3 protein Q9UPY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr248 HASDVTDySYPATPN 9606 BTO:0000815 17623672 t "WAVE3-Abl interaction promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of WAVE3 by Abl, and STI-571, a specific inhibitor of Abl kinase activity, abrogates the Abl-mediated phosphorylation of WAVE3." SIGNOR-262300 PIK3R3 protein Q92569 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9415396 t gcesareni "The region between the src homology 2 (sh2) domains of p55pik bound to the nh2 terminus region of p110alpha" SIGNOR-53597 JAK1/STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C120 SIGNOR Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30029643 f areggio "Taken together, our data show IL-15 can enhance the collagen deposition in vivo after muscle damage and this process can be prevented by blocking Jak-STAT pathway." SIGNOR-256231 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr536 LPLNTDAyLSLQELQ 9534 BTO:0000298 8700888 t "In COS-7 cells, overexpression of Jak1 augmented phosphorylation of Y338 as well as Y392 and Y510. Y392 and Y510 were critical for IL-2-induced activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT proteins), Y338 was required for Shc-IL-2Rbeta association and for IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc." SIGNOR-251341 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT CCNL2 protein Q96S94 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser338 PAPKLVEsPKEGKGS 9534 BTO:0000298 14623875 t llicata "DYRK1A interacted with cyclin L2 in pull-down assays, and overexpression of DYRK1A stimulated phosphorylation of cyclin L2 in COS-7 cells. | Three phosphoserines were identified in the slower migrating bands (Fig. 9; Ser-330, Ser-338, and Ser-369). All of these serine residues are located N-terminal of proline residues, consistent with our previous classification of DYRK1A as a “proline-directed” kinase." SIGNOR-251088 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT SORBS2 protein O94875 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 12475393 t gcesareni "Cbl-argbp2 complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of c-abl" SIGNOR-96325 KIF1C protein O43896 UNIPROT RAB6C protein Q9H0N0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization -1 20360680 t miannu "Here, we identify Bicaudal-D-related protein 1 (BICDR-1) as an effector of the small GTPase Rab6 and key component of the molecular machinery that controls secretory vesicle transport in developing neurons. BICDR-1 interacts with kinesin motor Kif1C, the dynein/dynactin retrograde motor complex, regulates the pericentrosomal localization of Rab6-positive secretory vesicles and is required for neural development in zebrafish. In young neurons, BICDR-1 accumulates Rab6 secretory vesicles around the centrosome, restricts anterograde secretory transport and inhibits neuritogenesis. Later during development, BICDR-1 expression is strongly reduced, which permits anterograde secretory transport required for neurite outgrowth. These results indicate an important role for BICDR-1 as temporal regulator of secretory trafficking during the early phase of neuronal differentiation." SIGNOR-266879 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20506188 t miannu "Our findings indicate that RUNX1 interacts with the human SWI/SNF complex to control hematopoietic-specific gene expression." SIGNOR-261965 PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser298 RTPGRPLsSYGMDSR 9606 BTO:0000567 16129686 t gcesareni "Inhibition of pak kinase activity dramatically decreased phosphorylation of mek1 at ser(298) in response to either pdgf or egf." SIGNOR-140039 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDCA7 protein Q9BWT1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr163 SRRPRRRtFPGVASR 9606 23166294 t llicata "The prosurvival kinase akt phosphorylates cdca7 at threonine 163, promoting binding to 14-3-3, dissociation from myc, and sequestration to the cytoplasm. we have mapped the domains of interaction and have discovered that akt phosphorylates cdca7 near this contact region, leading to loss of its association with myc, binding to 14-3-3 proteins, and exclusion from the nucleus." SIGNOR-252533 TOMM70 protein O94826 UNIPROT HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 12526792 t miannu "The Tom70 receptor is a membrane-localized cochaperone that integrates the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones with mitochondrial preprotein targeting and translocation. In mammals, preprotein in the cytosol is associated with both Hsp90 and Hsp70 in a multichaperone complex, and docking of Hsp90 and/or Hsp70 onto Tom70 is essential for preprotein targeting." SIGNOR-261380 WNT4 protein P56705 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 9753670 f gcesareni "Wnt4, wnt5a and wnt6 exert an intermediate effect activating both myf5 and myod equivalently in paraxial mesoderm." SIGNOR-60370 ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 15150265 t lperfetto "P38 binds and phosphorylates cdc25-b and -c at serines 309 and 361 and at serine 216, respectively, and phosphorylation of these residues is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteinsphosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-124851 PRRX1 protein P54821 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9334314 t miannu "The human homeodomain proteinphox1interacts functionally with serum response factor (srf) to impart serum responsive transcriptional activity to srf-binding sites in a hela cell cotransfection assay." SIGNOR-52657 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1668 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269333 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT SLC1A6 protein P48664 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001011 19381306 t miannu "RORα regulates the expression of several genes in Purkinje cells. RORα becomes highly expressed in postmitotic Purkinje cells. It regulates their maturation, particularly dendritic differentiation. Dendritogenesis and the expression of several genes, including Shh, Itpr1, Pcp4, Calb1, Pcp2, and Slc1a6, normally expressed in mature Purkinje cells, are inhibited in RORα-deficient mice." SIGNOR-266850 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572;BTO:0000801 21232017 t gcesareni "Rip1 is known to directly interact with traf2" SIGNOR-245032 ORC complex SIGNOR-C419 SIGNOR DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32808929 f lperfetto "The dynamic nature of the human origin recognition complex revealed through five cryoEM structures|Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. |The very first step of this initiation process is accomplished by DNA association with the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a six-subunit protein that forms a partial ring around origin DNA" SIGNOR-267561 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser518 KGGTPAGsARGSPTR 10116 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-146003 NDUFAB1 protein O14561 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND5-module corresponds to the distal part of the membrane arm and it is composed of MT-ND5, NDUFB2, NDUFB3, NDUFB7, NDUFB8, NDUFB9 and NDUFAB1" SIGNOR-262161 BGJ-398 chemical CHEBI:63451 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190263 CDC42BPA protein Q5VT25 UNIPROT LIMK2 protein P53671 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr505 NDRKKRYtVVGNPYW 9534 BTO:0004055 11340065 t lperfetto "These results indicate that mrckalpha phosphorylates and activates lim kinases downstream of cdc42, which in turn regulates the actin cytoskeletal reorganization through the phosphorylation and inactivation of adf/cofilin." SIGNOR-107584 TIMM21 protein Q9BVV7 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267698 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161666 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser862 IRNKARLsITGSVGE 9606 12536214 t gcesareni "We found that pka phosphorylation of the ampa receptor subunits glur4 and glur1 directly controlled the synaptic incorporation of ampa receptors in organotypic slices from rat hippocampus." SIGNOR-97558 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271345 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI CDP-diacylglycerol(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58332 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25375833 t lperfetto "CDP-diacylglycerol synthases (CDS) are critical enzymes that catalyze the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid (PA)." SIGNOR-267022 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser344 QAVALPRsEEPASCN 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 17213202 t lperfetto "The results indicated that rsk2 phosphorylated two additional sites at ser289 (peptide 2) and ser344 (peptide 3)rsk2 induced nuclear localization of nfat3. Rsk2 phosphorylated nfat3 in vitro (km=3.559 microm), and activation of nfat3 by rsk2 enhanced the promoter activity of nfat3 downstream target genes in vivo." SIGNOR-235652 JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18660822 t "Binding Calcium-dependent." gcesareni "Here we report the first x-ray structure of a functional fragment of a notch ligand, the dsl-egf3 domains of human jagged-1 (j-1dsl-egf3). The structure identifies a highly conserved face of the dsl domain and we show, by functional analysis of drosophila ligand mutants, that this surface is required for both cis- and trans-regulatory interactions with notch." SIGNOR-179622 KPNB1 protein Q14974 UNIPROT "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 17596301 t lperfetto "Although ORF6 causes a relocalization of KPNA2 from the cytosol to the ER/Golgi membrane, KPNA2 is not directly involved in the translocation of the STAT1:STAT2:IRF9 (ISGF3) complex into the nucleus; rather, KPNA1 interacts with KPNB1 to initiate ISGF3's nuclear localization." SIGNOR-260274 POLDIP3 protein Q9BY77 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22928037 t miannu "PDIP3 and ZC11A Function in mRNA Export. PDIP3 and ZC11A associate with UAP56 and the TREX complex in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268515 CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001286 16713561 f gcesareni "Cyld was also recently shown to deubiquitylate the p50 and p52 co-activator bcl-3, leading to both cyclin d1 expression and proliferation in keratinocytes" SIGNOR-146777 CD74 protein P04233 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000876 19665027 t miannu "Cd74 forms functional complexes with cxcr4 that mediate mif-specific signaling." SIGNOR-187461 CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257150 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0004573 18809579 t miannu "O clarify the role of PML in transcription regulation, we purified the PML complex and identified Fbxo3 (Fbx3), Skp1, and Cullin1 as novel components of this complex. Fbx3 formed SCF(Fbx3) ubiquitin ligase and promoted the degradation of HIPK2 and p300 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-271746 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 8702756 t gcesareni "Rho-kinase phosphorylates the mlc of intact myosin and activates its mgatpase activity in a gtp_?Rho-dependent manner." SIGNOR-43031 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr273 SPSVHPAtPISPGRA 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t miannu "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on AML1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of AML1c in K562 and 293T cells (27).4 Mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein. The presence of these mutations results in an increase in the amount of ubiquitinated AML1c in the matrix, and increases the half-life of this insoluble AML1c. One possible model to explain these observations is that phosphorylation might be necessary for the normal process of both proteasome degradation and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-268220 "2-methylpropanethioic acid S-[2-[[[1-(2-ethylbutyl)cyclohexyl]-oxomethyl]amino]phenyl] ester" chemical CHEBI:95001 ChEBI CETP protein P11597 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191265 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14967450 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." lperfetto "The molecular requirements for diacylglycerol (dag) and calcium (ca2+) to promote pkc membrane translocation, the hallmark of pkc activation, have been clarified." SIGNOR-242584 ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT SPARC protein P09486 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11175361 t miannu "Ets2 is expressed at high levels during the differentiation and matrix mineralization phases of MC3T3-E1 culture. In addition, several extracellular matrix (ECM) associated gene products are targets of Ets2. Some of these matrix associated genes include: bone sialoprotein, osteonectin, osteocalcin and osteopontin" SIGNOR-259874 teniposide chemical CHEBI:75988 ChEBI TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1329225 t miannu "Recognition of transient DNA breaks induced by teniposide, etoposide, and other podophyllotoxin analogues established not only that their site of activity was DNA but also that their cytotoxic effect was dose-dependent. Extensive investigation has further indicated that a primary mechanism of action of these agents involves inhibition of the catalytic activity of eukaryote topoisomerase II and, more important, the consequent stabilization of the normally transient covalent intermediate formed between the DNA substrate and the enzyme." SIGNOR-259330 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr37 SDAKLEPtNVQTVTC 9606 21041660 t lperfetto "Binding between cdc6 and plk1 occurs through the polo-box domain of plk1, and cdc6 is phosphorylated by plk1 on t37. These results suggest that plk1-mediated phosphorylation of cdc6 promotes the interaction of cdc6 and cdk1, leading to the attenuation of cdk1 activity, release of separase, and subsequent anaphase progression." SIGNOR-169184 "Palomid 529" chemical CID:11998575 PUBCHEM MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-199120 TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 17190600 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that this link occurs through direct binding of 53bp1 and crb2 to histone h4." SIGNOR-151654 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001496 17474992 t lperfetto "These findings suggest that both MCP-1 and MCP-5 are HIF-1 target genes and that HIF-1α is involved in transcriptional induction of these two chemokines in astrocytes by hypoxia." SIGNOR-251719 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20974802 t lperfetto "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6." SIGNOR-244662 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGB2 protein Q9Y5G2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265688 DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT MSX2 protein P35548 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000947 9111364 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that dimerization by Msx and Dlx proteins is mediated through their homeodomains and that the residues required for this interaction correspond to those necessary for DNA binding. Unlike most other known examples of homeoprotein interactions, association of Msx and Dlx proteins does not promote cooperative DNA binding; instead, dimerization and DNA binding are mutually exclusive activities. Msx proteins act as transcriptional repressors and Dlx proteins act as activators, while in combination, Msx and Dlx proteins counteract each other's transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-240925 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29175 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269486 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR MEFV protein O15553 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f lperfetto "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-256426 NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 1340770 t lperfetto "Nf-kappa b is an inducible transcription factor comprised of a 50-kd (p50) and a 65-kd (p65) subunit. Induction of nf-kappa b activity, which is a critical event in many signal transduction pathways, involves release from a cytoplasmic inhibitory protein, i kappa b, followed by translocation of the active transcription factor complex into the nucleus. we demonstrate by in vitro and in vivo methods that the recently cloned i kappa b/mad-3 interacts with both the p50 and p65 subunits of nf-kappa b." SIGNOR-17691 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT NUAK2 protein Q9H093 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr208 HQGKFLQtFCGSPLY 9606 14976552 t llicata "A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold." SIGNOR-122717 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A5 protein Q9H2X9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "We have shown that with-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) possesses several properties that suggest it could be the Cl−/volume-sensitive regulatory kinase that, in association with protein phosphatases, reciprocally modifies the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of the SLC12 proteins and thus their activities|WNK3 activates NKCC1/2 and NCC and inhibits the KCCs" SIGNOR-264628 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1008 LPQDKEYyKVKEPGE 10090 11201744 t "CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling|these results show that CD45 dephosphorylates functionally important tyrosine residues. It should be noted that, as with our phosphatase assays in vitro, Tyr 1022 and Tyr 1023 of JAK1, Tyr 1007 and Tyr 1008 of JAK2, and Tyr 1054 and Tyr 1055 of Tyk2 are indeed hyperphosphorylated in cd45-deficient cells" SIGNOR-248349 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser860 NRAVSLDsPVSVGSS 9606 BTO:0000093 15383283 t miannu "P38 MAPK and JNK can phosphorylate multiple sites on SRC-3, including S505, S543, S860, and S867. Our results suggest that several kinases are important for phosphorylating SRC-3 and enhancing its interaction with DNA-dependent transcription factors and other coactivators." SIGNOR-250105 N-[4-[(2-amino-3-chloro-4-pyridinyl)oxy]-3-fluorophenyl]-4-ethoxy-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91409 ChEBI MST1R protein Q04912 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190407 ZFPM2 protein Q8WW38 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 9927675 t miannu "FOG-2 associates physically with the N-terminal zinc finger of GATA-4 both in vitro and in vivo. This interaction appears to modulate specifically the transcriptional activity of GATA-4 because overexpression of FOG-2 in both NIH 3T3 cells and primary rat cardiomyocytes represses GATA-4-dependent transcription from multiple cardiac-restricted promoters." SIGNOR-236959 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser48 KLDPVFDsPRMSRRS 9606 BTO:0000567 25482198 t miannu "Here, we show that SUN1, located in the INM, undergoes mitosis-specific phosphorylation on at least 3 sites within its nucleoplasmic N-terminus. We further identify Cdk1 as the kinase responsible for serine 48 and 333 phosphorylation, while serine 138 is phosphorylated by Plk1. Together, these data support a model whereby mitotic phosphorylation of SUN1 disrupts interactions with nucleoplasmic binding partners, promoting disassembly of the nuclear lamina and, potentially, its chromatin interactions." SIGNOR-263099 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR S100A6 protein P06703 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12859951 f miannu "NF-kappaB transcription factor contributes to the activation of S100A6 gene expression in response to TNFalpha in HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-254803 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr257 APSRQDVyGPQPQVR -1 11382764 t lperfetto "Identification of Src phosphorylation sites in the catenin p120ctn.Using selected tyrosine to phenylalanine p120 mutants as dominant negative reagents, it may now be possible to selectively block events postulated to be dependent on p120 tyrosine phosphorylation.combinations of Tyr _ Phe mutations at residues 96, 112, 228, 257, 280, 291, 296, and 302" SIGNOR-246488 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser166 SSRRRAIsETEENSD 9606 11504915 t lperfetto "Mitogen-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3-kinase) and its downstream target, the akt/pkb serine-threonine kinase, results in phosphorylation of mdm2 on serine 166 and serine 186. Phosphorylation on these sites is necessary for translocation of mdm2 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.. Both akt expression and serum treatment induced phosphorylation of mdm2 at ser186." SIGNOR-109732 MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256938 ATG2B protein Q96BY7 UNIPROT Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 f miannu "WIPI4 interacts with ATG2, AMPK and ULK1. Upon starvation and AMPK activation, WIPI4-ATG2 dissociates from AMPK and ULK1 and localizes at nascent autophagosomes, potentially supporting further autophagosome maturation." SIGNOR-268486 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5√ɬ¢√¢‚Äö¬¨√Ǭ≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and √É≈Ω√Ǭ±-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-268057 MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19946136 t "The Mcm2-7 complex serves as the eukaryotic replicative helicase, the molecular motor that both unwinds duplex DNA and powers fork progression during DNA replication." SIGNOR-261674 miR-132 mirna URS00001F4E81_9606 RNAcentral MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 23132946 f irozzo "In human leukemic cells with MLL rearrangements (e.g., MONOMAC-6 and THP-1 cells), we found that ectopic expression of miR-495 could significantly inhibit cell growth/proliferation and increase apoptosis while decreasing cell viability." SIGNOR-256649 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys40 DGQMPSDkTIGGGDD -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272249 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser9 LTFMASDsEEEVCDE -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250804 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites." SIGNOR-236671 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001096 14530308 f apalma "Specific inhibition of Stat5a/b promotes apoptosis of IL-2-responsive primary and tumor-derived lymphoid cells" SIGNOR-256583 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser746 RRSVRIGsYIERDVT 9823 7539802 t lperfetto "We present here the identification of the major phosphorylation sites for PKC in Kit/SCFR. Two serine residues in the kinase insert, Ser-741 and Ser-746, are PKC-dependent phosphorylation sites in vivo and account for all phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Two additional serine residues, Ser-821 close to the major tyrosine autophosphorylation site in the kinase domain and Ser-959 in the carboxyl terminus are SCF-stimulated PKC-dependent phosphorylation sites. | Furthermore, the kinase activity of Kit/SCFR(S741A/S746A) toward an exogenous substrate was increased, which was reflected as a decreased Km and an increased Vmax, in accordance with the negative regulatory role of PKC on Kit/SCFR signaling." SIGNOR-248899 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271021 BRAP protein Q7Z569 UNIPROT BRAP protein Q7Z569 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23105109 t miannu "Here we report on a novel interaction between the E3 ligase BRAP (also referred to as IMP), a negative regulator of the MAPK scaffold protein KSR, and two closely related deubiquitylases, USP15 and USP4. USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15." SIGNOR-272027 BRAP protein Q7Z569 UNIPROT KSR1 protein Q8IVT5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23105109 t miannu "Here we report on a novel interaction between the E3 ligase BRAP (also referred to as IMP), a negative regulator of the MAPK scaffold protein KSR, and two closely related deubiquitylases, USP15 and USP4. USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15." SIGNOR-272028 SETD2 protein Q9BYW2 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18158893 f gcesareni "In response to hypoxia, foxo3a transcript levels accumulate in an hif1-dependent way, resulting in enhanced foxo3a activity." SIGNOR-160201 USP7 protein Q93009 UNIPROT UBA52 protein P62987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270823 IKZF5 protein Q9H5V7 UNIPROT LNPEP protein Q9UIQ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003420 15894523 f miannu "Activator protein-2 (AP-2) and Ikaros transcription factors play significant roles in exerting high promoter activity of P-LAP/OTase in the trophoblastic cells. Moreover, P-LAP/OTase is transcriptionally regulated in a trophoblast-differentiation-dependent fashion via up-regulation of AP-2, putatively AP-2alpha." SIGNOR-255407 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 SVPSAAVtPLNESLQ 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134537 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 29901072 t miannu "AT7519, a pyrazole 3-carboxyamide compound, was developed by Astex and acts as an inhibitor of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and CDK9." SIGNOR-262217 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser718 KEAEEESsEDD 9606 11500362 t llicata "Two conserved sites (Ser712/713) are phosphorylated by casein kinase 2. They lie at the extreme C-terminus and are required for the interaction of eIF2Bepsilon with its substrate, eIF2, in vivo and for eIF2B activity in vitro. " SIGNOR-250990 RAG2 protein P55895 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 22790199 t gcesareni "Rag gtpases, together with a multi-protein complex called ragulator, mediate amino acid-mediated mtor recruitment to the lysosome surface where mtor becomes activated." SIGNOR-198245 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser285 NHTLAPAsPAPARPR 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t lperfetto "Recent studies show that phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 prd by cdk5 inhibited the association of amphiphysin1 with ap-2 in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (7, 8) similar to that by mapk (present report). Cdk5 appears to phosphorylate amphiphysin1 at serines 261, 272, 276, and 285 and threonine 310, located in the prd" SIGNOR-126851 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259052 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser795 VPPARPGsRGPAPGP 9606 BTO:0000142 15287745 t lperfetto "Mnb/dyrk1a was shown to phosphorylate dynamin 1 and alter its interactions with several sh3 domain-containing endocytic accessory proteins.Phosphorylation At s795 and s857 was confirmed in full-length dynamin 1, and s857 was subsequently determined to be the major mnb/dyrk1a phosphorylation site in vitro. Phosphorylation at s857 was demonstrated to be the basis for altering the binding of dynamin 1 to amphiphysin 1 and grb 2 by site-directed mutants mimicking phosphorylation." SIGNOR-127440 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192385 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr537 LGQNKAHtPFRESKL 9606 20368358 t llicata "We show here that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1) phosphorylates t537 in the core domain of mcak and attenuates its microtubule-destabilizing activity in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of mcak by cdk1 promotes the release of mcak from centrosomes and is required for proper spindle formation." SIGNOR-164761 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr718 IPERDSRySQPLHEE 9606 19287004 t lperfetto "Previously we have shown that tyrosine 718 of ask1 when phosphorylated is critical for socs1 binding and socs1-mediated degradation of ask1we identified jak2 and shp2 as a tyr-718-specific kinase and phosphatase, respectively." SIGNOR-184600 "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR PAWR protein Q96IZ0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24992930 t miannu "Fbxo45 interacts with Par-4 in the cytoplasm and mediates its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Fbxo45 silencing results in stabilization of Par-4 with increased apoptosis.Fbxo45 forms an atypical ubiquitin ligase complex that contains Skp1 and the Ring-finger protein PAM (protein-associated with myc) also known as MYCBP2 (myc-binding protein 2)." SIGNOR-272224 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257801 DLGAP4 protein Q9Y2H0 UNIPROT SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264595 GADD45A protein P24522 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 15735649 t gcesareni "Both phosphorylation of p38 ty323 and the activity of this phosphorylated species are inhibited by binding gadd45alpha, thus preventing these low-treshold signals from activating p38" SIGNOR-134333 CYBB protein P04839 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264716 EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16054051 t fspada "Ectopic expression of krox20 can transactivate the c/ebpbeta promoter and increase c/ebpbeta gene expression in 3t3-l1 preadipocytes" SIGNOR-139292 PRDM16 protein Q9HAZ2 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 18719582 t "_activating its transcriptional function" fspada "Prdm16 stimulates brown adipogenesis by binding to ppar-gamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) and activating its transcriptional function" SIGNOR-180298 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8940145 f gcesareni "The constitutively active akt also increased the synthesis of the ubiquitously expressed glucose transporter 1. The increased glucose influx in the 3t3-l1 adipocytes directed lipid but not glycogen synthesis" SIGNOR-252579 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "Purified pkg isoforms ia, ib, and ii all caused incorporation of phosphate in recombinant hsp27 at ser-78, ser-82, and thr-143, but not ser-15.These Studies indicate that hsp27 is a genuine substrate for pkg and that pkg may mediate inhibition of platelet aggregation through phosphorylation of hsp27 and subsequent prevent of actin polymerization" SIGNOR-186943 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser540 KVMARSLsPPPELEE 10090 BTO:0000944 15851026 t lperfetto "Here, we show that Erk may play a critical role in TSC progression through posttranslational inactivation of TSC2. Erk-dependent phosphorylation leads to TSC1-TSC2 dissociation and markedly impairs TSC2 ability to inhibit mTOR signaling, cell proliferation, and oncogenic transformation. |Serine to alanine substitution at S664 or double S664A/S540A mutagenesis resulted in a marked reduction in TSC2 phosphorylation to a similar extent. In contrast, S540A substitution only moderately impaired TSC2 phosphorylation (Figure 3D), corroborating the notion that in vivo S664 is the most relevant residue for Erk-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249454 "D-ribulose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17363 ChEBI "D-xylulose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57737 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267063 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000785 12185581 t gcesareni "Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (alk), which turned out to be one of these phosphoproteins, was constitutively activated and associated with the ptb domain of shcc in three neuroblastoma cells. In vitro kinase assay revealed that shcc is a potent substrate of the activated alk kinase. The alk gene locus was significantly amplified in both of these cell lines, suggesting that gene amplification leads to constitutive activation of the alk kinase, which results in hyperphosphorylation of shcc." SIGNOR-91534 UCHL5 protein Q9Y5K5 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 16027725 t lperfetto "Here, we report a novel interaction between smads and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase uch37, a deubiquitinating enzyme that could potentially reverse smurf-mediated ubiquitination. In gst pull down experiments, uch37 bound weakly to smad2 and smad3, and bound very strongly to smad7 in a region that is distinct from the -py- motif in smad7 that interacts with smurf ubiquitin ligases" SIGNOR-217610 ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI P2RY2 protein P41231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257563 KAT6A protein Q92794 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 SIGNOR-C54 11965546 t miannu "Moz and morf both interact with runx2 / while morf does not acetylate runx2, its sm domain potentiates runx2-dependent transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-117332 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 23019338 t miannu "Nod2 is constitutively associated with a chaperone protein, Hsp90, which is required for Nod2 stability and protects Nod2 from degradation." SIGNOR-252414 PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser146 GRKRRQTsMTDFYHS 9606 31575057 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at Ser-146 by PKCδ increases p21 stability" SIGNOR-262962 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA7 protein Q9Y5G6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265709 XRCC5 protein P13010 UNIPROT DNA-PK complex SIGNOR-C107 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002419 17308091 t miannu "complexes formed by interactions between Ku70, Ku80, and DNA-PKcs were well-established" SIGNOR-226019 Ibutamoren chemical CID:178024 PUBCHEM GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257497 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT CHGA protein P10645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001007 12456801 t "Recently, binding of specific protein 1 (Sp1) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) to a GC-rich element at -92/-62 has been identified as a critical step in gastrin-dependent regulation of the chromogranin A (CgA) gene in gastric epithelial cells. Here we demonstrate that binding of early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) to the distal part of the -92/-62 site is also required for gastrin-dependent CgA transactivation." SIGNOR-254265 FER protein P16591 UNIPROT JUP protein P14923 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr550 AAGTQQPyTDGVRME 10116 BTO:0004604 14517306 t "The tyrosine kinase Fer, which modifies beta-catenin Tyr142, lessening its association with alpha-catenin, phosphorylates plakoglobin Tyr549 and exerts the contrary effect: it raises the binding of plakoglobin to alpha-catenin. Fer stimulation, through modification of Tyr549, causes diminished binding of plakoglobin to components of desmosomes (desmoplakin) and increased interaction with adherens junction proteins (α-catenin)" SIGNOR-251135 antigen smallmolecule CHEBI:59132 ChEBI BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The recognition of antigen by the BCR initiates BCR signaling cascade." SIGNOR-268205 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 12646252 t gcesareni "These data strongly suggest thatmdm2functions as the ubiquitin ligase toward hnumb and that it induces its degradation in intact cells." SIGNOR-99497 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr100 LRARDIItAWHPPAP 9606 BTO:0000007 11976320 t gcesareni "CaMKKc and Akt overexpression increases IRAK1 phosphorylation at Thr100, and point mutation of this site abrogates the inhibitory effect of Akt on IRAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation." SIGNOR-248008 NUP54 protein Q7Z3B4 UNIPROT p62_complex complex SIGNOR-C259 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 BTO:0000154 2050741 t Simone "Thus, the p62-p58-p54 complex defines a group of proteins with strong protein-protein interactions that form a unit of pore structure essential for pore function." SIGNOR-261259 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT GK protein P32189 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18805788 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription" SIGNOR-181274 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr201 SPLTTGVyVKMPPTE 9606 9973379 t "CTLA-4 can associate with the Src kinases Fyn and Lck and that transfection of Fyn or Lck, but not the unrelated kinase ZAP70, can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA-4 on residues Y201 and Y218.¬† Phosphorylation of CTLA-4 Y201 in Jurkat cells correlated with cell surface accumulation of CTLA-4." SIGNOR-251161 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr842 DIMSDSNyVVRGNAR 10090 BTO:0001516 28271164 t lperfetto "Tyrosine 842 in the activation loop is required for full transformation by the oncogenic mutant FLT3-ITD|Phosphorylation on several critical tyrosine residues is known to be essential for FLT3 signaling. Among these tyrosine residues, Y842 is located in the so-called activation loop." SIGNOR-271924 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT SLC12A6 protein Q9UHW9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1048 YQEKVHMtWTKDKYM 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 19665974 t gcesareni "We have attempted to identify kinases and phosphatases involved in the modulation of phosphorylation at kcc3 t991 and t1048. the wnk kinases and spak/osr1 are strong candidates for kcc3 regulatory kinases." SIGNOR-187560 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 11062529 f gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-84044 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 BTO:0000887 SIGNOR-C6 10944526 t gcesareni "Our results provide direct evidence that myod acetylation functionally activates the protein and show that both pcaf and cbp/p300 are candidate enzymes for myod acetylation in vivo." SIGNOR-81053 CSMD1 protein Q96PZ7 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22538441 f miannu "CSMD1 inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and survival rate in vivo" SIGNOR-265150 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 19889641 t lperfetto "Polo-like kinase (plk) family (plk1, plk2, and plk3) phosphorylate alpha-syn and beta-syn specifically at ser-129 and ser-118, respectively. Polo-like kinase 2 (plk2) phosphorylates alpha-synuclein at serine 129 in central nervous system. The membrane association of pd-linked mutant alpha -synuclein, but not wild-type -synuclein, was increased by serine 129 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-189045 NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18584035 t gcesareni "Collectively, our data provide the first evidence that erbeta-deficiency protects against diet-induced ir and glucose intolerance which involves an augmented ppargamma signaling in adipose tissue. Moreover, our data suggest that the coactivators src1 and tif2 are involved in this interaction." SIGNOR-179175 MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 35267019 f miannu "Rev-erbα interacted with OPHN-1, promoted RhoA activity and phosphorylation of ERM. etection of phosphorylated ezrin (Thr567)/radixin (Thr564)/moesin (Thr558)(p-ERM) in Rev-erbαfl/flCre− and Rev-erbαfl/flPF4Cre+ platelets using phospho-specific antibodies. Taken together, these results suggest that Rev-erbα potentiates platelet activation via an OPHN-1-mediated RhoA/ERM signalling pathway." SIGNOR-268434 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 12704343 t milica "Irs-1 and a homologous protein, irs-2 (also known as 4-phosphotyrosine substrate), are recruited to phosphorylated y497 of IL-4R After ligand binding, leading to phosphorylation and activation of irs-1 and irs-2." SIGNOR-100771 GRPEL1 protein Q9HAV7 UNIPROT HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000793 11311562 t miannu "As we had observed earlier,HMGE bound avidly to DnaK (Fig. 5A). In addition, bothMt-Hsp70 and Hsc70 bound to GST-HMGE, but Hsc70 appeared to bind with lower affinity. HMGE inhibitedthe co-chaperone enhancement of Hsc70 ATPase activity byapproximately 50% (Table 1)." SIGNOR-261241 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ITPKB protein P27987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" -1 9374536 t lperfetto "However, when assayed in the presence of calcium/calmodulin, the activity of the B isoform was decreased following phosphorylation by either protein kinase." SIGNOR-248990 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT NDUFV1 protein P49821 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000782 20359165 f Giorgia "We found that SLP-2hi cells had significantly higher activities of NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05), complexes I and II of the electron transport chain." SIGNOR-260382 CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 22706202 t miannu "CAV1 was shown to stimulate GLUT3 transcription via an HMGA1-binding site within the GLUT3 promoter. HMGA1 was found to interact with and activate the GLUT3 promoter and CAV1 increased the HMGA1 activity by enhancing its nuclear localization." SIGNOR-254428 PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257262 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14976552 t lperfetto "We demonstrated that lkb1 phosphorylates ampk on the activation loop threonine (thr172) within the catalytic subunit and activates ampk in vitro. Here, we have investigated whether lkb1 corresponds to the major ampkk activity present in cell extracts. Ampkk purified from rat liver corresponds to lkb1, and blocking lkb1 activity in cells abolishes ampk activation in response to different stimuli" SIGNOR-217472 LRFN5 protein Q96NI6 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 27225731 f miannu "These results suggest that postsynaptic SALM5 promotes synapse development by trans-synaptically interacting with presynaptic LAR-RPTPs and is important for the regulation of excitatory synaptic strength." SIGNOR-264085 SERPINC1 protein P01008 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 31030036 t lperfetto "Antithrombin (AT), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily, is a major circulating inhibitor of blood coagulation proteases such as factor (F) IIa (known as thrombin), FXa and, to a lesser extent, FIXa, FXIa and FXIIa. SERPINC1, which encodes AT in humans, is located on chromosome 1q25.1" SIGNOR-264140 PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C9 12904571 t gcesareni "Piasy binds most strongly with smad3 and also associates with other receptor-regulated smads and smad4. smad3, smad4, and piasy can form a ternary complex. Piasy does not inhibit smad complex binding to dna, but it represses smad transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-104541 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser402 ISNSHPLsLTSDQYK -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178379 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" stabilization 9606 17581632 t lperfetto "EIF3 plays many functions in initiation complex formation. It interacts with eIF1, eIF5, eIF4B and eIF4G, and the direct interaction between eIF3 and eIF4G may serve as a bridge between the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF4F-bound mRNA (Hershey and Merrick, 2000). eIF3 stabilizes the binding of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex to the 40S subunit" SIGNOR-269153 ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI PRKAG1 protein P54619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21399626 t gcesareni "Atp promotes dephosphorylation of catalytic subunit, rendering the ampk enzyme inactive" SIGNOR-172822 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001949 11278468 t Gianni SIGNOR-261917 MED10 protein Q9BTT4 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266656 furtrethonium chemical CHEBI:134764 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258642 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19151708 f gcesareni "Notch1 directly induces transcription of pin1" SIGNOR-183458 TRIM65 protein Q6PJ69 UNIPROT ARHGAP35 protein Q9NRY4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003172 31332286 t miannu "Ubiquitin ligase TRIM65 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by targeting ARHGAP35 for protein degradation" SIGNOR-272256 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20513142 f "Mutations in MEF2C from the 5q14.3q15 microdeletion syndrome region are a frequent cause of severe mental retardation and diminish MECP2 and CDKL5 expression|In these patients we found diminished MECP2 and CDKL5 expression in vivo, and transcriptional reporter assays indicated that MEF2C mutations diminish synergistic transactivation of E-box promoters including that of MECP2 and CDKL5." SIGNOR-254025 DNAH17 protein Q9UFH2 UNIPROT Cilium_movement phenotype SIGNOR-PH171 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001277 31178125 f miannu "Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of ODA heavy chain distribution in human spermatozoa and demonstrates the importance of DNAH17 (β-HC) in sperm flagellum structure and motility. We demonstrate that DNAH17 (β-HC) mutations are associated with a loss of ODAs and male infertility but not with PCD." SIGNOR-265549 EXOC6 protein Q8TAG9 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270789 P2RY13 protein Q9BPV8 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257231 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT NBEAL2 protein Q6ZNJ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000132 28082341 f lperfetto "In conclusion, we herein show a long-distance regulatory region with GATA1 binding sites as being a strong enhancer for NBEAL2 expression." SIGNOR-261881 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr130 VLDVLKFyDSNTVKQ 9606 12215529 t llicata "Pak2 became tyrosine phosphorylated in its n-terminal regulatory domain, where y130 was identified as the major phosphoacceptor site. Tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated superactivation of pak2 could be induced by overexpression of different src kinases or by inhibiting cellular tyrosine phosphatases with pervanadate and could be blocked by the src kinase inhibitor pp1 or by mutating the y130 residue." SIGNOR-92460 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21210296 f gcesareni "Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane allows the leakage of at least five apoptotic mediators from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, such as cyt c,(diablo/diablo), htra2/omi, apoptosis-inducing factors (aif), and endonuclease g. Such modifications result in their activation and translocation to outer mitochondrial membrane (omm) which helps it to interact with multidomain pro-apototic members, bax/baklike proteins, leading to their oligomerization and formation of pore." SIGNOR-170969 CACNA1A protein O00555 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 20655485 t miannu "The main G b/g-dependent effectors of presynaptic GABAB receptors are P/Q-and N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. GABAB receptors inhibit these Ca2+ channels at excitatory and inhibitory terminals, thereby restricting neurotransmitter release." SIGNOR-266708 ADIPOQ protein Q15848 UNIPROT ADIPOR1 protein Q96A54 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16622416 t milica "Two adiponectin receptors, adipor1 and adipor2, have recently been identified." SIGNOR-146170 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 12151336 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Histone h3 is a substrate of pak1 both in vitro and in vivo, and it specifically interacted with pak1 but not pak2 or pak3. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that pak1 phosphorylates histone h3 on ser10." SIGNOR-91050 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 16537363 f gcesareni "Indicating that akt positively regulates shh signaling by controlling pka-mediated gli inactivation." SIGNOR-145113 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT TRAF1 protein Q13077 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10629108 t amattioni "Tradd mediates recruitment of traf1/2" SIGNOR-73913 ADD2 protein P35612 UNIPROT "4.1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C386 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 33187473 t lperfetto "The cytoskeleton plays a key role in maintaining the morphology and function of erythrocyte membranes. Many proteins, such as ankyrin, spectrin alpha- and beta-chains, proteins 4.1, or 4.1R and actin, cover the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane to form two protein complexes, the ankyrin and protein 4.1 complex| the latter consists of Band 3 dimers binding Adducins alpha and beta, Glycophorin C, GLUT1 and Stomatin [15, 16]" SIGNOR-266039 PTGFR protein P43088 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256953 PLAU protein P00749 UNIPROT PLAUR protein Q03405 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16456079 t gcesareni "The urokinase plasminogen activator binds to its cellular receptor with high affinity and initiates signaling cascades that are implicated in pathological processes including tumor growth, metastasis, and inflammation." SIGNOR-144306 SLC2A2 protein P11168 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 25421524 t "The glucose transporter isoform GLUT2 is expressed in liver, intestine, kidney and pancreatic islet beta cells, as well as in the central nervous system, in neurons, astrocytes and tanycytes. Physiological studies of genetically modified mice have revealed a role for GLUT2 in several regulatory mechanisms. In pancreatic beta cells, GLUT2 is required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion." SIGNOR-267385 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17569865 t amattioni "The scaffold protein dishevelled (dvl) is required for lrp6 phosphorylation and aggregation. We propose that wnts induce coclustering of receptors and dvl in lrp6-signalosomes, which in turn triggers lrp6 phosphorylation to promote axin recruitment and beta-catenin stabilization." SIGNOR-156072 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT KIF22 protein Q14807 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 19321445 t miannu "Chfr ubiquitinates Kif22 and promotes its degradation." SIGNOR-271469 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAPH1 protein Q70E73 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr456 NVYYGQDyRNKYKAP -1 20417104 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of Lpd by c-Abl increases its interaction with Ena/VASP proteins. This analysis revealed that, in vitro, four Lpd peptides harboring tyrosines (Y426, Y456, Y513, Y1226) are highly phosphorylated, and eight additional peptides are phosphorylated to a lesser extent (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-262607 KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT Erythrocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH104 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000725 28026072 f irozzo "Activation of KLF1 at day 10 of the differentiation process when hematopoietic progenitor cells were present, enhanced erythroid commitment and differentiation." SIGNOR-256086 somatostatin smallmolecule CHEBI:64628 ChEBI SSTR5 protein P35346 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257585 JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT LORICRIN protein P23490 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 12200429 f miannu "Loricrin expression is suppressed by Jun B, Sp3, and KSR-1 proteins." SIGNOR-254535 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9648856 t gcesareni "All these data suggest the involvement of fyn in the neurotrophin signal transduction pathways downstream of trkb. We investigated whether fyn is involved in the trk-dependent signal transduction pathways of neurotrophin. The fyn-src homology domain 2 (sh2) was observed to associate in vitro with the intracellular domain of trkb (icd-trkb)." SIGNOR-58424 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT ADAM15 protein Q13444 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr715 LVMLGASyWYRARLH 9606 11741929 t llicata "Hck, and to a lesser extent lck, phosphorylated the adam15 cytoplasmic domain in vitro in immune complex kinase assays." SIGNOR-112927 seliciclib chemical CHEBI:45307 ChEBI CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206562 letrozole chemical CHEBI:6413 ChEBI CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193651 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR Membrane_blebbing phenotype SIGNOR-PH24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 10200555 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for blebbing, chromatin condensation and dna fragmentation" SIGNOR-256481 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1C protein P49918 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser282 FFAKRKRsAPEKSSG 9606 BTO:0000150 23421998 t lperfetto "Cdk inhibitor p57 (kip2) is downregulated by akt during her2-mediated tumorigenicityakt phosphorylates p57 on ser 282 or thr310. Akt activity results in destabilization of p57 by accelerating turnover rate of p57 and enhancing p57 ubiquitination" SIGNOR-252535 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT RHOC protein P08134 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that specifically activates rhoa and rhoc" SIGNOR-171399 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8974401 t "Phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif." gcesareni "A map kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk), termed ask1, was identified that activated two different subgroups of map kinase kinases (mapkk), sek1 (or mkk4) and mkk3/mapkk6 (or mkk6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (sapk, also known as jnk;c-jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subgroups of map kinases, respectively. here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1)." SIGNOR-45360 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19083193 t miannu "We demonstrated the binding of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) to ENPP1-3'UTR. Through this binding, HSP70 stabilizes ENPP1 mRNA and increases ENPP1 transcript and protein levels. This positive modulation of ENPP1 expression is paralleled by a reduced insulin-induced IR and IRS-1 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252197 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser619 SLPKINRsASEPSLH 9606 12551925 t gcesareni "Pkc can effectively phosphorylate raf-1, this is a direct effect of activated pkc and not the result of raf-1 autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-97648 CCNF protein P41002 UNIPROT FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 27653696 t miannu "We show that cyclin F, a cell-cycle-regulated substrate receptor (F-box protein) for the SCF, is targeted for degradation by APC/C. Furthermore, we establish that Cdh1 is itself a substrate of SCF(cyclin F). Cyclin F loss impairs Cdh1 degradation and delays S-phase entry, and this delay is reversed by simultaneous removal of Cdh1." SIGNOR-266363 ZNF292 protein O60281 UNIPROT GH1 protein P01241 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 10687855 t lperfetto "Rat Zn-15 is a transcription factor activating GH gene expression by synergistic interactions with Pit-1, named for 15 DNA-binding zinc fingers, including fingers IX, X, and XI that are responsible for GH promoter binding." SIGNOR-268969 SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264604 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT IGFBP2 protein P18065 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 17343824 f miannu "We found 59 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes in the K562-SATB1 cells that were not observed in the K562 cells. Partial genes that have special biological functions are listed in Table 1." SIGNOR-255129 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys288 CAHPGCGkSYTKSSH 9606 11259590 t Regulation miannu "EKLF residues acetylated by CREB binding protein (CBP) in vitro map to Lys-288 in its transactivation domain and Lys-302 in its zinc finger domain." SIGNOR-251826 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256728 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19114991 t lpetrilli "In the nucleus cdk2/4-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 occurs mostly at thr8, thr179, and ser213. Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182967 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLD1 protein Q13393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr147 PIPTRRHtFRRQNVR 9606 BTO:0000142 10441128 t gcesareni "Serine 2, threonine 147, and serine 561 were identified as phosphorylation sites of pld1 by pkcalpha in the cells." SIGNOR-69938 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr326 EVLEDNDyGRAVDWW 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0001129 20606012 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that AKT is a direct substrate of PTK6 and that AKT tyrosine residues 315 and 326 are phosphorylated by PTK6." SIGNOR-252622 AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT GPI protein P06744 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24810856 t miannu "Gp78 is a ubiquitin ligase that plays a vital role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Here we report that autocrine motility factor (AMF), also known as phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), is a novel substrate of gp78. We show that polyubiquitylation of AMF requires cooperative interaction between gp78 and the ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 (tripartite motif-containing protein 25). While TRIM25 mediates the initial round of ubiquitylation, gp78 catalyzes polyubiquitylation of AMF." SIGNOR-272177 PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "prostaglandin H2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57405 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 7592599 t Luana "[14C]Arachidonate metabolism by oPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2 was examined in reactions with a series of GSP/Cox ratios (Fig. 3). The principal metabolite for both isoforms was the endoperoxide PGH2, with lesser amounts of PGF2a, PGE2, PGD2," SIGNOR-269778 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "In fasted mammals, glucose homeostasis is maintained through induction of the camp response element-binding protein (creb) coactivator transducer of regulated creb activity 2 (torc2), which stimulates the gluconeogenic program in concert with the forkhead factor foxo1" SIGNOR-166346 CARD8 protein Q9Y2G2 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16678772 t amattioni "Tucan is a recently identified card-containing protein that can complex with caspase-9 and prevent cytochrome c-induced caspase activation." SIGNOR-146663 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254859 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1834 MLRRRMAsMQRTGVV 9606 16926151 t lperfetto "We find that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid stimulates akt activity, which is required to phosphorylate p300 at ser(1834). Akt-mediated phosphorylation of p300 dramatically increases its acetyltransferase activity" SIGNOR-244236 PIK-93 chemical CID:6852167 PUBCHEM PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206241 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser174 LSPASSGsSASFISD 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248367 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-183616 IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR CCL7 protein P80098 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32283152 f miannu "The rapid replication of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice induces the delayed release of IFN-α/β, which is accompanied by the influx of many pathogenic inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The accumulated mononuclear macrophages receive activating signals through the IFN-α/β receptors on their surface and produce more monocyte chemoattractants (such as CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12), resulting in the further accumulation of mononuclear macrophages." SIGNOR-260852 LSM-20934 chemical CHEBI:109533 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258726 "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263816 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 PVDEDRLsPLVAADS 9606 18794899 t lperfetto "E2F1 activity is also repressed by cyclin-dependent kinase-8 (CDK8), a colorectal oncoprotein. Elevated levels of CDK8 protect beta-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription from inhibition by E2F1." SIGNOR-273149 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16601693 t gcesareni "Here, we show that axin activates tgf-beta signaling by forming a multimeric complex consisting of smad7 and ubiquitin e3 ligase arkadia." SIGNOR-145851 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256933 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR KIF4A protein O95239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1161 FFNPVCAtPNSKILK -1 29771379 t miannu "Kif4A T1161 was phosphorylated by Cdk1/Cyclin B1 in vitro. We show that Cdk phosphorylation of Kif4A licenses its chromosome localization." SIGNOR-265995 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser212 RVRVRLLsGDTYEAV 9606 17311912 t lperfetto "Akt attenuation of the serine protease activity of htra2/omi through phosphorylation of serine 212" SIGNOR-153327 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr185 KPGNLLLtTGGTLKI 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 12805220 t lperfetto "It was shown that thr336 and thr366 are the major autophosphorylation sites of mouse lkb1 (sapkota et al., 2002). We confirmed these data on the human orthologues thr336 and thr363. Moreover, the enhanced stoichiometry of lkb1 autophosphorylation by strad enabled us to identify two novel sites: thr185 and thr402. We show that increased lkb1 autophosphorylation of all sites correlates with the activation of its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-101840 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FSFDTDRsPAPMSCD 9606 12591950 t lperfetto "Biml (bim long) was induced and phosphorylated parallel to jnk activitythese data demonstrate that biml is phosphorylated in vivo on thr-56 and that jnk also phosphorylates biml on at least one serine residue (ser-44 and/or ser-58)" SIGNOR-98384 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser364 TRLDRTGsSPTQGIV 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Identification of rock1 as an upstream activator of the jip-3 to jnk signaling axis in response to uvb damage. phosphorylation of jip-3 by rock1 was crucial for the recruitment of jnk. Inhibition of the activity of rock1 in keratinocytes resulted in decreased activation of the jnk pathway and thus a reduction in apoptosis." SIGNOR-134584 RTF1 protein Q92541 UNIPROT PAF1C complex SIGNOR-C471 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20178742 t miannu "Human PAF1C was affinity purified from a FLAG-hPAF1 HeLa cell line and found to contain homologues (hCTR9, hLEO1, hPAF1, hCDC73 and hRTF1) of the five yeast PAF1C subunits, as well as the SKI8 subunit unique to hPAF1C (Figure 1A). " SIGNOR-269835 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr380 TDSEEQPyLEMDLSS 9606 18086677 t "Caspase-8 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in freshly isolated neutrophils but spontaneously dephosphorylates in culture, in association with the progression of constitutive apoptosis. Phosphorylation of caspase-8 on Tyr-310 facilitates its interaction with the Src-homology domain 2 containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and enables SHP-1 to dephosphorylate caspase-8, permitting apoptosis to proceed. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Lyn, can phosphorylate caspase-8 on Tyr-397 and Tyr-465, rendering it resistant to activational cleavage and inhibiting apoptosis. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide reduces SHP-1 activity and binding to caspase-8, caspase-8 activity, and rates of spontaneous apoptosis." SIGNOR-248477 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TPX2 protein Q9ULW0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser486 LPITVPKsPAFALKN 9606 BTO:0003897 31272499 t lperfetto "CDK5-mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of TPX2 promotes hepatocellular tumorigenesis" SIGNOR-265100 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT NEDD9 protein Q14511 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser296 PVARRHQsLSPNHPP 9606 BTO:0000093 16184168 t miannu "HEF1 interacts with AurA and is required for the activation of AurA kinase. Together, these data suggest a model in which an initial interaction of HEF1 with AurA prior to mitotic entry activates AurA, which then phosphorylates HEF1, promoting dissociation of the two proteins." SIGNOR-262654 ATIC protein P31939 UNIPROT IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The last two steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the bifunctional AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC). The transformylase domain of the enzyme first catalyzes the conversion of AICAR to formylaminoimida zole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) using the N10-formyltetrahydrofolate. Then, the cyclohydrolase domain closes the purine ring to form IMP." SIGNOR-267329 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT Osteoclast_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH76 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17572386 f miannu "TRAF6 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RANKL signaling and osteoclast differentiation." SIGNOR-253046 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24367090 t "AKT is a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays important roles in cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. It is activated after binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) with phosphate s at positions 3, 4 and 3,4,5 on the inositol ring" miannu "Insulin activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) signaling regulates glucose homeostasis through the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (pip3). The dual-specificity phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (pten) blocks pi3k signaling by dephosphorylating pip3, and is inhibited through its interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent rac exchanger 2" SIGNOR-147948 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser245 NQSMDTGsPAELSPT 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-91730 ESRRB protein O95718 UNIPROT NR0B1 protein P51843 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12482977 f lperfetto "When dax-1 was cotransfected, it exerted efficient repression on transcription of the reporter gene activated by gal4-ad4bp-lbd, gal4-lrh-1-lbd, gal4-err2-lbd" SIGNOR-96533 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192104 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15767686 f irozzo "These data suggest that a potential positive autoregulatory loop mediated through an upstream regulatory element is essential for proper PU.1 gene expression.These data demonstrate that PU.1 protein is in a complex binding to a site within the kb −14 URE, suggesting that autoregulation through this region might be important for expression of PU.1." SIGNOR-256070 "TTM complex" complex SIGNOR-C305 SIGNOR "Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C304 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 27025256 t lperfetto "Terb1 and Sun1 are two key proteins linking the meiotic telomeres to the NE. Terb1 participates in telomere fortification by recruiting cohesins to the site" SIGNOR-263307 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "The cofactors grip-1, cbp/p300 and pcaf have hat activity and function as co-activators for mef-2c during myogenesis." SIGNOR-84032 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9843571 t lperfetto "TGF-beta treatment initiates a kinase cascade that results in the phosphorylation of Smad3, followed by its heteromerization with Smad4 and subsequent translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-229557 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser467 KASSRRSsFSMEEGD 10090 BTO:0000968 23599343 t "This occurs following PKCβ phosphorylation of TFEB on three serine residues located in its last 15 amino acids. This post-translational modification stabilizes and increases the activity of this transcription factor." SIGNOR-255316 CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15907471 t lperfetto "Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is then released from the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion into the cytosol, where it binds to apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) in the presence of ATP/dATP to form the apoptosome." SIGNOR-137295 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser675 PVSGSPDsMNASRLS 9606 BTO:0000007 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251276 2-[[7-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidinyl]amino]-3-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91426 ChEBI SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000793 30744170 t lperfetto "The Selective SYK Inhibitor BAY 61-3606 Enhances the Effect of Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Neuroblastoma Cells" SIGNOR-262020 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT PGD protein P52209 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22789539 f miannu "We identified six genes involved in the PPP and NADPH production pathways as direct targets of Nrf2. To identify the target genes of NRF2 responsible for cell proliferation, we performed microarray analysis in A549 cells treated with NRF2 siRNA or control siRNA. We used three independent NRF2 siRNAs and selected genes whose expression levels were reduced to less than 66.7% of that of the control sample by all three siRNAs to minimize off-target effects (Table S1). In addition to the typical target genes of NRF2 encoding detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins (cytoprotective genes), genes whose products are involved in the PPP (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [PGD], transketolase [TKT], and transaldolase 1 [TALDO1]) and de novo nucleotide synthesis (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase [PPAT] and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 [MTHFD2]) were decreased by the NRF2 knockdown (Figure 1B). Genes encoding enzymes for NADPH synthesis (malic enzyme 1 [ME1] and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 [IDH1]) were also decreased (Figure 1B). We also confirmed the reduction of the enzyme proteins encoded by these genes in the NRF2-knockdown cells (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-267355 Thrombin-Thrombomodulin complex SIGNOR-C316 SIGNOR PROC protein P04070 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Thrombin also activates the negative regulators of the cascade, after complexing with thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), to activate protein C (PC) to activated PC (APC)." SIGNOR-263526 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253431 ATG7 protein O95352 UNIPROT MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22170151 t gcesareni "Lc3-i is activated by the same atg7 involved in atg12 conjugation, transferred to atg3, a second e2-like enzyme, and finally conjugated to pe" SIGNOR-195236 CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 32071327 t miannu "Thalidomide-induced teratogenicity is dependent on its binding to cereblon (CRBN), the substrate receptor of the Cul4A-DDB1-CRBN-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Thalidomide binding to CRBN elicits subsequent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of CRBN neosubstrates including SALL4, a transcription factor of which polymorphisms phenocopy thalidomide-induced limb defects in humans." SIGNOR-272208 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "beta-alanine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22718265 t miannu "Animal glutamate decarboxylase (GDC), aspartate decarboxylase (ADC, also called aspartate Œ±-decarboxylase or aspartate 1-decarboxylase) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSADC) catalyze the decarboxylation of Œ±-carboxyl group of glutamate, aspartate and cysteine sulfinic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Œ≤-alanine and hypotaurine, respectively; these amine products play important role in living organisms." SIGNOR-267544 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT HSD3B2 protein P26439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15291746 f miannu "These results designate YY1 as the factor responsible for the intron 1-mediated boost of the HSD3B2 gene basal promoter activity." SIGNOR-255619 ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT VDR protein P11473 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11432806 t Luisa "ZEB, a Krüppel-type transcription factor known to repress the transcription of several genes, binds to two sites within the VDR promoter and activates the transcription of this receptor in a cell-specific manner. Transfection of ZEB into SW620 colon carcinoma cells results in an up-regulation of the expression of endogenous VDR, confirming the role of ZEB in the transcriptional activation of the VDR gene." SIGNOR-268954 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT RHOQ protein P17081 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12687004 f gcesareni "Exo70 translocates to the plasma membrane in response to insulin through the activation of tc10, where it assembles a multiprotein complex that includes sec6 and sec8" SIGNOR-100483 KIF5C protein O60282 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272518 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24749067 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that FOXO3, perhaps by activating Notch signaling, promotes the quiescent state during SC self-renewal in adult muscle regeneration." SIGNOR-254306 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 19458197 f miannu "Our data supports a model by which scribble functions downstream of beta-catenin to cluster synaptic vesicles at developing synapses." SIGNOR-265827 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr796 ESGLPQLtSYDCEVN -1 17382325 t llicata "These results implied that only Thr-796 was phosphorylated CK2. " SIGNOR-250891 KAT6A protein Q92794 UNIPROT CCL3 protein P10147 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 12771199 t lperfetto "We further demonstrate that the histone acetyltransferase, MOZ, can activate the MIP-1a promoter in T-cells and that this activation is largely dependent upon the proximal RUNX site. Moreover, we show that co-expression of MOZ and RUNX1 can activate the MIP-1a promoter." SIGNOR-251726 KIF1B protein O60333 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272519 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270707 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "Yap and taz are two main downstream effectors of the hippo pathway, and they function as transcription co-activators to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis." SIGNOR-199208 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9405416 t gcesareni "Jnk targets junb ubiquitination" SIGNOR-53827 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR JMJD1C protein Q15652 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr505 KFVSRPPtPKCVIDI 9606 BTO:0000007 32034158 t miannu "We show that, by direct interaction with USF-1, JMJD1C is recruited to lipogenic promoters. We also show that JMJD1C is phosphorylated at T505 by mammalian target of rapamyci (mTOR) to be recruited to lipogenic genes in response to insulin/feeding. we detected phosphorylation of WT JMJD1C but not T505A mutant when we co-transfected JMJD1C constructs along with the mTORC1 in 293FT cells" SIGNOR-265168 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser366 KTLPRSSsMAAGLER 9606 SIGNOR-C15 22137581 t lperfetto "Using this approach for ppp1r12c, baiap2, and cdc27, we found that mutation of a single serine to alanine (s452, s366, and s379 respectively) resulted in almost a complete loss of ampk phosphorylation in these proteins. Termination of irsp53 function is suggested to occur following cdc42 dissociation, kinase phosphorylation of t340 and t360, and subsequent 14-3-3 binding, which competes for sh3 partners, thus allowing filopodial retraction" SIGNOR-195102 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 22653727 t lperfetto "Crystal structure of the heterodimeric CLOCK:BMAL1 transcriptional activator complex|The structure of the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex is a starting point for understanding at an atomic level the mechanism driving the mammalian circadian clock." SIGNOR-253709 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT ARG1 protein P05089 UNIPROT up-regulates BTO:0000801 BTO:0001103 25386178 f apalma "Cytokines like IL-4 or IL-13 lead to STAT6 phosphorylation with consecutive arginase expression and varying further aspects of M2 polarization (mannose receptor, Ym1, Fizz1)" SIGNOR-255557 cysteine smallmolecule CHEBI:15356 ChEBI Cys-tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29152 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11347887 t miannu "Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the addition of cysteine to its cognate tRNA. Here we report the isolation of a fulllength cDNA that encodes a protein of 748 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence shows considerable similarity to other eukaryotic cysteinyltRNA synthetases in the carboxylterminus. Expression of the fulllength and alternative forms of the enzyme in E. coli generated functional proteins that were active in aminoacylation of human cytoplasmic tRNA with cysteine." SIGNOR-270476 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr231 NANGEAVyCKFHYKT 9606 12777400 t Manara "These findings indicate that (i) ABL1 and Arg activate catalase by phosphorylation at both Tyr231 and Tyr386" SIGNOR-260771 SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT "RAD21L Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C355 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000534 21242291 t miannu "RAD21L associates with SMC3, STAG3, and either SMC1α or SMC1β. Our results suggest that cohesin complexes containing RAD21L may be involved in synapsis initiation and crossover recombination between homologous chromosomes. In mice, RAD21L is expressed exclusively in early meiosis: it apparently replaces RAD21 in premeiotic S phase, becomes detectable on the axial elements in leptotene, and stays on the axial/lateral elements until mid pachytene. RAD21L then disappears, and is replaced with RAD21." SIGNOR-264537 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15071501 f "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Demonstrate that jnk-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 induces the release of bax from 14-3-3 and triggers its translocation to the mitochondria; these results strongly indicate that jnk regulates the activity of bax by phosphorylating 14-3-3 proteins." SIGNOR-269977 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser280 TVHGLPTsPDRPGST 9606 15210796 t gcesareni "We show in this study that the nuclear localized form of ciita is a predominantly phosphorylated form of the protein, whereas cytoplasmic ciita is predominantly unphosphorylated. Novel phosphorylation sites were determined to be located within a region that contains serine residues 286, 288, and 293. Double mutations of these residues increased nuclear ciita, indicating that these sites are not required for nuclear import. Erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation of ciita down-regulates ciita activity by priming it for nuclear export, thus providing a means for cells to tightly regulate the extent of antigen presentation." SIGNOR-126250 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr73 ADQTPTPtRFLKNCE 9606 15105425 t gcesareni "Vrk1 phosphorylates atf2 mainly on thr-73, stabilizing the atf2 protein and increasing its intracellular level." SIGNOR-124334 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8754811 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3 preadipocytes into adipocytes is accompanied by a transient induction of c/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta expression in response to treatment of the cells with methylisobutylxanthine (mix) and dexamethasone (dex), respectively" SIGNOR-43254 MED26 protein O95402 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266664 Shikonin chemical CHEBI:81068 ChEBI PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21516121 t lperfetto "Shikonin and its analogs inhibit cancer cell glycolysis by targeting tumor pyruvate kinase-M2. |Shikonin and alkannin are potent inhibitors of recombinant human PKM2|Shikonin and alkannin significantly inhibited the glycolytic rate, as manifested by cellular lactate production and glucose consumption in drug-sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MCF-7/Adr, MCF-7/Bcl-2, MCF-7/Bcl-x(L) and A549) that primarily express PKM2." SIGNOR-262008 COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-263997 COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11007770 f gcesareni "The present study was designed to further characterize tgfbeta up-regulation of col1a2 and more generally, to increase our understanding of the tgfbeta signaling pathway that controls ecm accumulation." SIGNOR-82405 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr228 HEGAVTHtFCGTIEY -1 11733037 t miannu "In vitro phosphorylation and activation of p70β by mTOR and PDK1. We observed that the replacement of either Thr241 or Thr401 to Ala in p70β1(T241A, T401A) severely decreased the kinase activity." SIGNOR-250294 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT MSTN protein O14793 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 23217713 t miannu "PGC-1 alpha specifically induces IGF1 and represses myostatin, and expression of PGC-1a 4 in vitro and in vivo induces robust skeletal muscle hypertrophy" SIGNOR-256151 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18588516 f miannu "The down-regulation of slug in the ERalpha-positive MCF-7 cell line was mediated by direct repression of slug transcription by the formation of a co-repressor complex involving ligand-activated ERalpha protein, HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1) and N-CoR (nuclear receptor co-repressor)." SIGNOR-254228 CSF2 protein P04141 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001571 2479426 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor reactivates fetal hemoglobin synthesis in erythroblast clones from normal adults." SIGNOR-251776 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8183561 t gcesareni "We have shown that the sh2 domain of the adaptor protein shc coimmunoprecipitates with all the ret." SIGNOR-36902 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT LILRB1 protein Q8NHL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271534 CABIN1 protein Q9Y6J0 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17172641 f gcesareni "Thus, cabin1 recruits chromatin-modifying enzymes, both histone deacetylases and a histone methyltransferase, to repress mef2 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-151205 SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 14623893 t miannu "Iodide is an essential element in thyroid physiology as a critical component of thyroxine and triiodothyronine molecules and a key regulator of thyroid gland function. The first step in iodide metabolism is represented by thyroid trapping, which is achieved by an active, energy-dependent transport process across the basolateral plasma membrane of the thyrocytes. The protein responsible for this process, the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS),1 is an intrinsic plasma membrane protein that mediates active transport of I- in the thyroid, lactating mammary gland, stomach, and salivary glands" SIGNOR-251996 DOCK1 protein Q14185 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0001909 25533347 t miannu "We found in this study that AUTS2 is involved in Rac1 activation via P-Rex1 and the Elmo2/Dock180 complex, but not STEF or Tiam1, for the lamellipodia formation in N1E-115 cells. However, the enhancement of neurite elongation in primary neurons by AUTS2 expression is specifically mediated by the Elmo2/Dock180 complex. These results suggested that several Rac-GEFs differentially or cooperatively participate in Rac1 activation to promote neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-266822 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257607 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT KCNJ1 protein P48048 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr337 SKTKEGKyRVDFHNF 9606 12217858 t gcesareni "Addition of active c-src and [32p]atp to the purified romk1 protein resulted in the phosphorylation of the romk1 protein. However, c-src did not phosphorylate r1y337a in which tyrosine residue 337 was mutated to alanine. Furthermore, phosphopeptide mapping identified two phosphopeptides from the trypsin-digested romk1 protein." SIGNOR-92513 KLF5 protein Q13887 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16054042 f fspada "Klf5 expression is induced by c/ebpbeta and delta. KLF5, in turn, acts in concert with c/ebpbeta/delta to activate the ppargamma2 promoter." SIGNOR-210010 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser339 SPISTPTsPGSLRKH 9606 14741103 t llicata "In order to determine the sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5, serine or threonine in the nine potential sites were substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to create mutant Dcx proteins. hese were analyzed by co-transfection of 293T cells with cdk5/p35. All-sites-A mutant Dcx showed no slower migrating species on Western analysis, indicating that removal of all nine possible sites is sufficient to block the phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35. However, each single mutant Dcx retains the slower migrating species similar to the wild-type Dcx, suggesting that any single mutation is not sufficient to block phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35." SIGNOR-250673 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000150 17478088 t gcesareni "Oestrogen receptors (er)alpha and beta modify the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation through binding to oestrogen response elements (eres) located in a number of gene promoters." SIGNOR-154663 ELOC protein Q15369 UNIPROT VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11574546 t miannu "The von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) forms a protein complex (VCB-Cul2) with elongin C, elongin B, Cul-2, and Rbx1, which functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3). The alpha-subunits of the hypoxia-inducible factors have been identified as targets for the VCB-Cul2 ubiquitin ligase. " SIGNOR-271518 "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263781 RCOR1 protein Q9UKL0 UNIPROT REST-CoREST complex SIGNOR-C111 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20080105 t 1 miannu "Transcriptional repression of neural-specific genes in nonneuronal cells is dependent on the REST (RE1-silencing transcription factor)–CoREST complex." SIGNOR-239220 CDC16 protein Q13042 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252006 LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23209147 t Gianni "The Wnt–FZD–LRP5/6 trimeric complex recruits Dishevelled (DVL) and Axin through the intracellular domains of FZD and LRP5/6, resulting in inhibition of β-catenin phosphorylation and thus ensuing β-catenin stabilization." SIGNOR-262526 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18641330 t Giorgia "In these studies, we also found that SLP-2 interacted with Lck, ZAP70, LAT, and PLC-gamma1 during the 30-min period following stimulation in vitro|The SLP-2-associated pool of these molecules became phosphorylated/activated in a sequential manner, a profile compatible with their temporal involvement in early TCR signalling." SIGNOR-260378 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR CELF6 protein Q96J87 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 31534127 t miannu "CELF6 is degraded by ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. The cell cycle-dependent expression of CELF6 is mediated through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, SCF-β-TrCP recognizes a nonphospho motif in CELF6 and regulates its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-269043 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr699 TAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000356 11751923 t llicata "We have shown that EGF activates STAT5b not only in a HEK293 cell model in which the EGFR is stably overexpressed but also in the MDA-MB468 breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, EGF (but not GH) is able to activate tyrosine phosphorylation of a Tyr-699 mutant of STAT5b. | Fig. 2 A (bottom panels) demonstrates that EGF-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine 699 (the well-described site of STAT5b phosphorylation) is detected only in the EGFR-overexpressing MDA-MB468 cells and not the MCF-7 cells." SIGNOR-251098 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser653 PSLSRHSsPHQSEDE -1 2117608 t llicata "With all four peptides, prior phosphorylation significantly stimulated phosphorylation by casein kinase I. From these results, we propose that there are substrates for casein kinase I for which prior phosphorylation is a critical determinant of protein kinase action." SIGNOR-250881 "hydrogen peroxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16240 ChEBI TXN protein P10599 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 15556622 t gcesareni "We show that 10 and 50 microm h2o2 and short-term exposure to shear stress significantly increased trx-1 mrna and protein levels in endothelial cells." SIGNOR-131049 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25720354 f scontino "APCs have several cell surface receptors that facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-267857 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH9 protein Q9ULB4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265849 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 15950189 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "Erk phosphorylates threonine 42 residue of ribosomal protein s3." SIGNOR-270145 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT PTS protein Q03393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser19 AQVSRRIsFSASHRL 9606 BTO:0000142 10531334 t gcesareni "Upon expression in cos-1 cells, ptps-s19a was stable but not phosphorylated and had a reduced activity of approximately 33% in comparison to wild-type ptps. Addition of cgmp stimulated phosphotransferase activity 2-fold. Extracts from transfected cos-1 cells overexpressing cgkii stimulated ser(19) phosphorylation more than 100-fold.In assays with purified enzymes, wild-type but not ptps-s19a was a specific substrate for the cgmp-dependent protein kinase (cgk) type i and ii. Upon expression in cos-1 cells, ptps-s19a was stable but not phosphorylated and had a reduced activity of approximately 33% in comparison to wild-type ptps" SIGNOR-71680 KIF5A protein Q12840 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272523 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 10564272 f lperfetto "We found that both smad6 and smad7 inhibit the activation of smad1 and smad5 by bmpr-ia/alk-3 and bmpr-ib/alk-6, as well as that by alk-2" SIGNOR-235625 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT LRBA protein P50851 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15064745 f miannu "We also show that LRBA promoter activity and endogenous LRBA mRNA levels are reduced by p53 and increased by E2F1, indicating that mutations in the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb could contribute to the deregulation of LRBA." SIGNOR-253846 TRIM47 protein Q96LD4 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000575 29291351 t gianni "CYLD is progressively degraded upon interaction with the E3 ligase TRIM47 in proportion to NASH severity" SIGNOR-266443 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser167 FLISPPAsPPVGWKQ 10090 BTO:0000165 12063245 t lperfetto "Consensus phosphorylation sites for p42/44 MAPK and GSK-3 are present in the SP repeat of MCIP1 at serine 112 and serine 108, respectively |Several endogenous proteins are capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of calcineurin. Modulatory calcineurin interacting protein 1 (MCIP1) is unique among these proteins on the basis of its pattern of expression and its function in a negative feedback loop to regulate calcineurin activity. Here we show that MCIP1 can be phosphorylated by MAPK and glycogen synthase kinase-3 and that phosphorylated MCIP1 is a substrate for calcineurin." SIGNOR-249198 KIF18A protein Q8NI77 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272526 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ADARB1 protein P78563 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr553 LQGERLLtMSCSDKI -1 31095429 t miannu "AKT-dependent phosphorylation of the adenosine deaminases ADAR-1 and -2 inhibits deaminase activity. Using site-directed mutagenesis of suspected AKT phosphorylation sites, AKT was found to primarily phosphorylate ADAR1p110 and ADAR2 on T738 and T553, respectively, and overexpression of the phosphomimic mutants ADAR1p110 (T738D) and ADAR2 (T553D) resulted in a 50-100% reduction in editase activity." SIGNOR-266358 C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg671 QPAARRRrSVQLTEK 9606 BTO:0000089 26806831 t lperfetto "C3 autoactivates in a process known as “tick-over,” which is characterized by spontaneous hydrolysis of a reactive thiol-ester to generate C3(H2O). Although C3(H2O)Bb produces only relatively small amounts of C3b compared to the other C3 convertases, it nevertheless generates enough C3b to set the C3 convertase amplification loop in motion." SIGNOR-263483 SUMO1 protein P63165 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys160 EAHQWFLkHEARPLA 9534 BTO:0000298 9756909 t lperfetto "We have shown previously that wild type PML, but not PML-RARalpha, is covalently modified by the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins |We show that Lys65 in the RING finger domain, Lys160 in the B1 Box, and Lys490 in the nuclear localization signal contributes three major sentrinization sites. The PML mutant with Lys to Arg substitutions in all three sites is expressed normally, but cannot be sentrinized|Furthermore, the triple substitution mutant is localized predominantly to the nucleoplasm, in contrast to wild type PML, which is localized to the nuclear bodies." SIGNOR-270540 ACTR8 protein Q9H981 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270848 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206349 HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31226023 t miannu "Besides being activated like PERK via dissociation of GRP78, IRE1 is also activated by direct binding of the unfolded protein to its N-terminal luminal domain" SIGNOR-260176 RPL23 protein P62829 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262477 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21757781 t gcesareni "Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug that binds simultaneously to the 12-kda fk506- and rapamycin-binding protein (fkbp12, or fkbp) and the fkbp-rapamycin binding (frb) domain of the mammalian ta rget of rapamycin (mtor) kinase. autophagy is negatively regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and can be induced in all mammalian cell types by the mtor inhibitor rapamycin." SIGNOR-174886 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NOLC1 protein Q14978 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser623 KGEKRASsPFRRVRE 9606 12167624 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that protein kinase a (pka)-dependent phosphorylation of nopp140 at ser 627, together with c/ebpbeta, induces agp gene expression synergistically." SIGNOR-91186 PDK4 protein Q16654 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser300 SMSDPGVsYRTREEI -1 7782287 t gcesareni "Mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase (?2_2) (e1) is regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, catalyzed by the e1-kinase and the phospho-e1-phosphatase." SIGNOR-33201 lidocaine chemical CHEBI:6456 ChEBI SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 1658608 t miannu "This study examined the actions of phenytoin, carbamazepine, lidocaine, and verapamil on rat brain type IIA Na+ channels functionally expressed in mammalian cells, using the whole-cell voltage-clamp recording technique. The drugs blocked Na+ currents in both a tonic and use-dependent manner." SIGNOR-258354 STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18794806 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Here, we identify clk1, clk4, mst1, mst2 and ttk (also known as mps1) as novel thr735 kinases in vitro / phosphorylation of thr735 in c-abl is critical for binding to 14-3-3" SIGNOR-270219 dehydroepiandrosterone chemical CHEBI:28689 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 9489820 t "systemic lupus erythematosus" gcesareni SIGNOR-251707 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT TGFBR3 protein Q03167 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002818 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253811 N-[4-[[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]thio]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91336 ChEBI AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258305 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000759 14614508 f "HES-1 is a direct CREB target in vivo." SIGNOR-254742 "Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-27" smallmolecule CHEBI:80303 ChEBI ADCYAP1R1 protein P41586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257445 UVRAG protein Q9P2Y5 UNIPROT RINT1 protein Q6NUQ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24056303 t lperfetto "We further show that UVRAG interacts with RINT-1, and acts as an integral component of the RINT-1-containing ER tethering complex, which couples phosphoinositide metabolism to COPI-vesicle tethering. Displacement or knockdown of UVRAG profoundly disrupted COPI cargo transfer to the ER and Golgi integrity" SIGNOR-265028 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 22298955 t lperfetto "Ski also represses bmp signaling through interactions with smad4 and bmp-specific r-smads, smad1 or smad7" SIGNOR-217709 imatinib chemical CHEBI:45783 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258226 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT MAPK4 protein P31152 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser186 YSHKGYLsEGLVTKW 9606 1319925 t lperfetto "This is due to mk5-dependent phosphorylation and only this retarded erk4 species is both phosphorylated on ser(186) and co-immunoprecipitates with wild-type mk5. We conclude that binding between erk4 and mk5 facilitates phosphorylation of ser(186) and stabilization of the erk4-mk5 complex." SIGNOR-17069 ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 27065076 f Gianni "Adenylate cyclases (AC) produce cAMP from adenosin-tri-phosphate (ATP). High levels of cytosolic cAMP lead to activation of protein kinase A (PKA)" SIGNOR-262528 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257253 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12058061 t lperfetto "Recently, camkiv, a calcium-calmodulindependent protein kinase, was also shown to activate mef2s by dissociating class ii histone deacetylases (e.g., Hdac5) from mef2s, thus relieving the transcriptional repressive effect of hdacs." SIGNOR-236571 SMCR8 protein Q8TEV9 UNIPROT WIPI2 protein Q9Y4P8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 28169830 t "Global mRNA expression analysis revealed that SMCR8 regulates transcription of several other autophagy genes including WIPI2" SIGNOR-252028 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT UBE2S protein Q16763 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr152 AARARLLtEIHGGAG 9606 BTO:0000007 27593939 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, Akt1 physically interacted with and phosphorylated UBE2S at Thr 152, enhancing its stability by inhibiting proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-265078 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser38 KLKERWGsNELPAEE 9606 BTO:0000007 7929371 t llicata "SERCA2 and SERCA2 mutants S38A, S167A, and S531A were expressed in HEK-293 cells and tested for phosphorylation with CaM kinase. Mutant S38A was not phosphorylated, while mutants S167A and S531A were phosphorylated, suggesting that Ser38 is the site of CaM kinase phosphorylation in SERCA2. This conclusion was supported by the observation that phosphorylation of SERCA2 and mutants S167A and S531A by CaM kinase increased the Vmax for Ca2+ transport, while the Vmax for Ca2+ transport by mutant S38A was unaffected by exposure to a phosphorylation reaction mix." SIGNOR-250616 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Other proteins, such as the serine/threonine kinase fused (fu), can function in concert with the e3 ligase smurf to regulate ubiquitination and proteolysis of the bmp receptor" SIGNOR-195552 progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258705 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17726008 t gcesareni "Here we show that similar to the interaction with traf4 and axin, the kinase domain of mekk4 interacts with the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase gsk3beta. Gsk3beta binding to mekk4 blocks mekk4 dimerization that is required for mekk4 activation, effectively inhibiting mekk4 stimulation of the jnk and p38 mapk pathways" SIGNOR-157544 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0004300 16150867 f lperfetto "Adipocyte differentiation is regulated largely through the actions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma nuclear receptor" SIGNOR-256229 palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267880 CCT5 protein P48643 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272861 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT N4BP1 protein O75113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination 9606 17114934 t miannu "This observation, together with the monoubiquitination of Nedd4-BP1 by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 suggests that the NYN domain proteins of eukaryotes are regulated by monoubiquitination. Given the localization of Nedd4-BP1 to punctuate nuclear bodies, it is likely that they are parts of nuclear RNA-processing complexes that are dependent on monoubiquitination for their assembly." SIGNOR-272626 CCT8 protein P50990 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272862 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 27660409 t "diabetic macular edema" gcesareni "They differ according to their glucocorticoid-receptor binding affinities (dexamethasone > triamcinolone > fluocinolone) and their lipophilicity (triamcinolone > fluocinolone > dexamethasone), characteristics that may partially explain their relative potencies" SIGNOR-251694 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Thr698 KSIQATLtPSAMKSS 9606 20236090 t "Reciprocally, we found that the phosphatases Cdc14A and Cdc14B (Cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to ERK3 and reverse its C-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis. Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.|In vitro phosphorylation of a series of ERK3-deletion mutants by mitotic cell extracts revealed that phosphorylation is confined to the unique C-terminal extension of the protein. Using MS analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, Ser684, Ser688, Thr698 and Ser705, located at the extreme C-terminus of ERK3." SIGNOR-248336 Hypoxia stimulus SIGNOR-ST25 SIGNOR EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 24990963 f lperfetto "There are three EglN family members in humans and mice (EglN1, EglN2, and EglN3). Their enzymatic activity requires oxygen, ascorbic acid, iron, and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Under hypoxic conditions, EglNs lose their activity and fail to hydroxylate HIFα, which leads to HIFα stabilization" SIGNOR-262001 DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22394407 t lperfetto "The induction of disabled-1 (dab-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, and the subsequent activation of src family kinases, were found to be essential steps for the activation of notch-1 signaling by reelin" SIGNOR-196438 BZLF2 protein P03205 UNIPROT "EBV gH:gL:gp42" complex SIGNOR-C403 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 9151859 t scontino "Infection of B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) requires attachment of virus via binding of viral glycoprotein gp350 to CD21 on the cell surface. Penetration of the cell membrane additionally involves a complex of three glycoproteins, gH, gL, and gp42. Glycoprotein gp42 binds to HLA-DR." SIGNOR-266625 (S)-verapamil chemical CHEBI:77736 ChEBI ABCC1 protein P33527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10036 17646169 t Federica "(S)-Verapamil acts as a “killer” by activation of MRP1-mediated GSH efflux, leading to the death of potentially resistant tumor cells." SIGNOR-261081 gL protein P03212 UNIPROT "EBV gH:gL:gp42" complex SIGNOR-C403 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 9151859 t scontino "Infection of B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) requires attachment of virus via binding of viral glycoprotein gp350 to CD21 on the cell surface. Penetration of the cell membrane additionally involves a complex of three glycoproteins, gH, gL, and gp42. Glycoprotein gp42 binds to HLA-DR." SIGNOR-266627 gH protein P03231 UNIPROT "EBV gH:gL:gp42" complex SIGNOR-C403 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 9151859 t scontino "Infection of B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) requires attachment of virus via binding of viral glycoprotein gp350 to CD21 on the cell surface. Penetration of the cell membrane additionally involves a complex of three glycoproteins, gH, gL, and gp42. Glycoprotein gp42 binds to HLA-DR." SIGNOR-266626 KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272529 KIF17 protein Q9P2E2 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272530 KIF3A protein Q9Y496 UNIPROT "Plus-end directed sliding movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH216 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272531 ZSTK-474 chemical CHEBI:90545 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252646 3-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-[4-methyl-3-[(3-methyl-4-oxo-6-quinazolinyl)amino]phenyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91354 ChEBI RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190146 succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271808 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser380 ATLARRDsLQKPGLE 9606 21822051 t lperfetto "In the present study, aurora a was demonstrated to phosphorylate lats2 on serine 380 (s380) during mitosistogether, the results suggest that the aurora a-lats1/2-aurora b axis might be a novel pathway that regulates accurate mitotic progression by ensuring the proper mitotic localization of lats2." SIGNOR-175939 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15988006 t gcesareni "P65 and histone deacetylases 4 cooperate to inhibit the ability of mef2 factors to induce the klf2 promoter" SIGNOR-138368 C1QBP protein Q07021 UNIPROT C1QA protein P02745 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C308 28018340 t lperfetto "Previous studies have shown that gC1qR inhibits aggregated IgG-mediated complement activation by binding to the gC1q site on C1q, thereby preventing IgG from binding to the gh’s (28), suggesting that the binding sites for gC1qR and IgG on C1q may be identical or at least overlapping." SIGNOR-263402 LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT CFL2 protein Q9Y281 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVTVNDE 9606 9655398 t lperfetto "Cofilin is known to be a potent regulator of actin filament dynamics, and its ability to bind and depolymerize actin is abolished by phosphorylation of serine residue at 3;. Here we show that lim-kinase 1 (limk-1), a serine/threonine kinase containing lim and pdz domains, phosphorylates cofilin at ser 3, both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-58596 ATP5MG protein O75964 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261408 DPY30 protein Q9C005 UNIPROT "MLL/SET subcomplex" complex SIGNOR-C87 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complexincluding wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-204747 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265437 FGF1 protein P05230 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10618369 t lperfetto "We have crystallized a complex between human FGF1 and a two-domain extracellular fragment of human FGFR2." SIGNOR-73811 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263854 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 11058599 t amattioni "Lamin a breakdown is largely mediated by caspase-6 during the execution phase of apoptosis." SIGNOR-83611 UBE2G2 protein P60604 UNIPROT DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys237 VCIVQRQkIAYLGGK 9606 BTO:0001379 29892818 t scontino "ER residency places D2 physically close to an array of proteins that interact and modify the D2 molecule via ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasomal system, explaining its relatively short half-life. Both ubiquitin conjugases UBC6 and or UBC7 interact with D2 and support D2 ubiquitination. Two Lys residues in D2 are involved in this process, K237 and K244." SIGNOR-267483 CHCHD1 protein Q96BP2 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261460 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16151013 t "Cytosolic p53" amattioni "P53 also accumulates in the cytoplasm where it directly activates bax to promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization." SIGNOR-140242 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT ACIN1 protein Q9UKV3 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 10490026 t amattioni "Induces apoptotic chromatin condensation after activation by casp3" SIGNOR-70800 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19008118 t FFerrentino "Perhaps through Wnt5a acting via FZD2, might also inhibit adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-253520 CCT3 protein P49368 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272864 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Hdac4 and hdac5 deacetylate runx2 and lead to a smurf-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-195603 CCT6A protein P40227 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272865 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18508557 t gcesareni "Stat3 may also be a substrate of shp1" SIGNOR-178699 CCT7 protein Q99832 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272867 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser638 FDFPKTPsSQNLLAL 9606 SIGNOR-C15 19584320 t gcesareni "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-186641 4-methyl-3-[[1-methyl-6-(3-pyridinyl)-4-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91447 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194919 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11583623 t amattioni "Xiap is an endogenous inhibitor of caspase-3" SIGNOR-110837 DUSP16 protein Q9BY84 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11359773 t gcesareni "Mkp-7 binds to and inactivates p38 mapk and jnk/sapk, but not erk inhibited by dual specificity phosphatases, such as dusp1, dusp10, and dusp16(uniprot)" SIGNOR-108233 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser262 TFRPRSSsNASSVST 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252485 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-136 is the major phosphoacceptor site for akt;akt can weakly phosphorilate ser-155." SIGNOR-81110 PMS1 protein P54277 UNIPROT MLH1/PMS1 complex SIGNOR-C58 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10542278 t miannu "We now show that hpms1 is expressed in human cells and that it interacts with hmlh1 with high affinity to form the heterodimer hmutl_." SIGNOR-71774 DACH2 protein Q96NX9 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 17075071 t Luana "We confirmed Dach2 is a Mgn transcriptional repressor that mediates HDAC-dependent regulation by (i) overexpressing Dach2 in myotubes harboring the 133-bp Mgn promoter and (ii) rescuing TSA-mediated Mgn repression by Dach2 knockdown." SIGNOR-261579 "monoisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:132593 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268780 INTS4 protein Q96HW7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16239144 t miannu "The Integrator Complex Can Directly Associate with the C-Terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II Largest Subunit" SIGNOR-261185 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10906323 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Pttg is phosphorylated in vitro on ser(162) by map kinase and this phosphorylation site plays an essential role in pttg transactivation function." SIGNOR-270038 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 23290138 f "Simone Vumbaca" "This result strongly supports the assertion that Wnt7a and FN stimulate PCP signaling to drive the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells during regenerative myogenesis." SIGNOR-255648 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser168 SEMKYLGsPITTVPK 9606 20220133 t gcesareni "Here we show that jnk directly phosphorylates cdc25c at serine 168 during g(2) phase of the cell cycle. Cdc25c phosphorylation by jnk negatively regulates its phosphatase activity and thereby cdk1 activation, enabling a timely control of mitosis onset." SIGNOR-164089 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PDE3A protein Q14432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser312 SKSHRRTsLPCIPRE 9606 19261611 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation and activation of pde3a required the activation of pkc" SIGNOR-184448 UDP-D-galactose smallmolecule CHEBI:18307 ChEBI UDP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58223 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16157350 t miannu "Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (beta4Gal-T1) transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins." SIGNOR-268473 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT MSI1 protein O43347 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20443831 f gcesareni "We investigated the possibilities that erbb2 may regulate downstream mediators of notch1 signaling to induce musashi1 (which enhances notch1 signaling)." SIGNOR-165195 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAP4 protein P27816 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser787 KAPEKRAsPSKPASA 9606 BTO:0000567 9398320 t lperfetto "Map4 is phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase in mitotic hela/ phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase decreased the microtubule-stabilizing ability of map4, suggesting that there are critical phosphorylation sites among the five major cdc2 kinase-dependent phosphorylation sites [spots 4 (ser-696), 5, 6, 9, and 10 (ser-787)]." SIGNOR-53739 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PEX10 protein O60683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271040 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr288 IDDNEYAyLKAIIFF 9606 22308320 t lperfetto "Here we show that c-src phosphorylates human hnf4_ on three tyrosines phosphomimetic mutants in the lbd decrease p1-hnf4_ protein stability, nuclear localization and transactivation function." SIGNOR-195900 SLC46A1 protein Q96NT5 UNIPROT heme smallmolecule CHEBI:30413 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000575 32621820 t lperfetto "SLC46A1 contributes to hepatic iron metabolism by importing heme in hepatocytes." SIGNOR-268265 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT DNAJB1 protein P25685 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser149 TNVNFGRsRSAQEPA 9606 24309468 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of heat shock protein 40 (hsp40/dnajb1) by mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5 (mk5/prak). Mk5 phosphorylates hsp40/dnajb1 in vivo at ser-149 or/and ser-151 and ser-171 in the c-terminal domain of hsp40/dnajb1. Mk5 modestly stimulates the atp hydrolyse activity of hsp40/hsp70 complex and enhances the repression of heat shock factor 1 driven transcription by hsp40/dnajb1." SIGNOR-203456 EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT CLDN4 protein O14493 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr208 RSAAASNyV 9534 16236711 t miannu "EphA2 associates with claudin-4 via their extracellular domains. This association, in turn, leads to phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus of claudin-4 at Tyr-208. The tyrosine phosphorylation of claudin-4 attenuates association of claudin-4 with ZO-1, decreasing integration of claudin-4 into sites of cell-cell contact and enhancing paracellular permeability. These results indicate that EphA2 moderates the function of tight junctions via phosphorylation of claudin-4." SIGNOR-262859 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser511 DSPFYRDsLPGSQRK 9606 BTO:0000150 17693255 t gcesareni "Here we show that ikkbeta, a major downstream kinase in the tnfalpha signaling pathway, physically interacts with and phosphorylates tsc1 at ser487 and ser511, resulting in suppression of tsc1phosphorylation of tsc2 (by akt and erk;refs. 28, 29) and tsc1(by ikkbeta;ref. 30) results in the disruption of the tsc1/2 complex, and thereby activates the oncogenic mtor signaling contributing to tumor progression." SIGNOR-157300 KLF6 protein Q99612 UNIPROT DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15917248 f "Repression of Dlk1 requires HDAC3 deacetylase activity" fspada "We have identified kr?ppel-like factor-6 (klf6), a recently described tumor suppressor gene, as a repressor of the proto-oncogene delta-like 1 (dlk1), a gene encoding a transmembrane protein that inhibits adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-137836 PEX1 protein O43933 UNIPROT Protein_localization_to_peroxisome phenotype SIGNOR-PH86 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26476099 f "The Pex1 and Pex6 proteins are members of the AAA family of ATPases and are involved in peroxisome biogenesis." SIGNOR-253616 IFNGR2/INFGR1 complex SIGNOR-C142 SIGNOR STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249494 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr159 DGSEPTKtPGRTSST 9606 BTO:0000938 20513426 t llicata "Thr159 phosphorylation negatively regulates the ptdins3 kinase activity of vps34 and autophagy cdk5/p25, a neuronal cdk shown to play a role in alzheimer's disease, can also phosphorylate thr159 of vps34." SIGNOR-165772 PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 BTO:0000007 16239230 t gcesareni "... the PP2A holoenzymes ABC and ABC act downstream of Ras and upstream of MEK1 to promote activation of this MAPK signaling cascade. Furthermore both PP2A holoenzymes were found to associate with Raf1 and catalyze dephosphorylation of inhibitory phospho-Ser-259." SIGNOR-243534 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-263866 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser46 PASYSFCsGKGVGIK 9606 SIGNOR-C110 12000790 t gcesareni "We conclude that a major role of axin in the wnt is to provide the kinase activity that initiates the betBeta-catenin phosphorylation cascade at s45 . This process is mediated by cki, the alfa, delta, or ? Isoform, all detected in association with axin by lc/mscomplex of axin and casein kinase i (cki) induces betBeta-catenin phosphorylation at a single site: serine 45 (s45)" SIGNOR-87437 TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18377426 t miannu "We found that Tob associates with the CCR4-NOT complex. The carboxyl-terminal half of Tob interacted with Cnot1, a core protein of the CCR4-NOT complex. We further showed that the deadenylase activity associated with the complex was suppressed in vitro by Tob. " SIGNOR-273616 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT WASF3 protein Q9UPY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr486 SRRIAVEySDSDDDS 9606 17623672 t "WAVE3-Abl interaction promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of WAVE3 by Abl, and STI-571, a specific inhibitor of Abl kinase activity, abrogates the Abl-mediated phosphorylation of WAVE3." SIGNOR-259077 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr225 IKGRAQPyDPNFYDE 9606 12052863 t lperfetto "We show that hnrnp k and the c-src kinase specifically interact with each other, leading to c-src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of hnrnp k in vivo and in vitro. c-src-mediated phosphorylation reversibly inhibits the binding of hnrnp k to the differentiation control element (dice) of the lox mrna 3' untranslated region in vitro and specifically derepresses the translation of dice-bearing mrnas in vivo.We confirmed that tyr 230, 234, 236, and 380 are phosphorylated and identified two additional targets of c-src, tyr 72 and tyr 225 (data not shown)." SIGNOR-88899 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1619 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248768 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11591790 f "The p21 G protein Rho and its targets, Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinases (p160ROCK/ROCK I/ROKβ and Rho kinase/ROCK II/ROKα), play a crucial role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization" SIGNOR-254360 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT HLA-DQA1 protein P01909 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271538 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser17 DASQRRRsLEPAENV 9606 11804588 t gcesareni "PKA activated Src both in vitro and in vivo by phosphorylating Src on serine 17 within its amino terminus" SIGNOR-247988 DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT ANKRD1 protein Q15327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003324 19299913 f lperfetto "Promoter deletion and reporter analysis revealed that hypoxia transcriptionally activates a GADD153 promoter through the AP-1 element in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Ectopic overexpression of GADD153 resulted in the downregulation of CARP expression." SIGNOR-254122 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser351 GRRGRLPsKPKQPPD 9606 BTO:0000782 11274386 t lperfetto "We show that akt interacts with nur77 and inactivates nur77 by phosphorylation at ser-350" SIGNOR-105927 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser155 GRLKRERsMSENAVR 9606 BTO:0001938 26816379 t gcesareni "A screen for substrates of AMPK identified mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), a mitochondrial outer-membrane receptor for DRP1, the cytoplasmic guanosine triphosphatase that catalyzes mitochondrial fission." SIGNOR-245948 C9 protein P02748 UNIPROT "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30552328 t lperfetto "The human MAC pore was formed on liposomes from individual complement proteins. |The maps were further subdivided into three components: an asymmetric region (C5b, C6, C7, and C8), a hinge region (C7, C8, and two C9 molecules), and a C9 oligomer" SIGNOR-263441 KIF3C protein O14782 UNIPROT "Minus-end directed microtubule movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH217 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272536 TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT MSTN protein O14793 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23129614 f fstefani "We provide evidence that cripto modulates myogenic cell determination and promotes proliferation by antagonizing the tgf-beta ligand myostatin." SIGNOR-192436 UBQLN2 protein Q9UHD9 UNIPROT TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0003704 23541532 t lperfetto "Here, we describe a high affinity interaction between UBQLN2 and TDP-43 and demonstrate that overexpression of both UBQLN2 and TDP-43 reduces levels of both exogenous and endogenous TDP-43 in human H4 cells.|Consequently, these data suggest that UBQLN2 enhances the clearance of TDP-43" SIGNOR-262112 USP4 protein Q13107 UNIPROT PRPF3 protein O43395 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 20595234 t miannu "Prp3 is deubiquitinated by Usp4 and its substrate targeting factor, the U4/U6 recycling protein Sart3, which likely facilitates ejection of U4 proteins from the spliceosome during maturation of its active site." SIGNOR-271975 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr407 IIDEEDTyTMPSTRD 9606 16782899 t llicata "Met-mediated fak phosphorylation could further activate fak. Indeed, we found that met phosphorylates fak at its known phosphorylation sites, including tyr-576 and tyr-577, both of which are located in the activating loop within the catalytic domain" SIGNOR-147187 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser291 PVSSLQAsVPGSVPG 9606 16027724 t miannu "ERK2, p38alpha and GSK-3beta can phosphorylate Cdx2 in vitro and that the 4S motif is required for phosphorylation by GSK-3beta and p38alpha|Phosphorylation of the homeotic tumor suppressor Cdx2 mediates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation" SIGNOR-250094 FFAR2 protein O15552 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257397 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser65 TTRAQGIsAEPQTYR 9606 12080049 t miannu "Serines 64 and 79 are homologous residues that are juxtaposed to the autoinhibitory pseudosubstrate site in cgmp-dependent protein kinase type ialpha and type ibeta (pkg-ialpha and pkg-ibeta), respectively. Autophosphorylation of this residue is associated with activation of type i pkgs." SIGNOR-89839 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 12351649 t miannu "Transient expression of DIP-1 in HeLa cells antagonizes the anti-apoptotic function of DAPK to promote a caspase-dependent apoptosis. These studies also demonstrate that DAPK is an in vitro and in vivo target for ubiquitination by DIP-1, thereby providing a mechanism by which DAPK activities can be regulated through proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-272602 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 12588998 t gcesareni "Additionally, active akt1 kinase strongly phosphorylates histone h3 at serine 10 in vitro" SIGNOR-265320 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser102 GGFPPLNsVSPSPLM 9606 16076840 t gcesareni "The gsk-3 inhibitor lithium chloride was used to determine the role of gsk-3 in phosphorylation of ser-102, -104, and -106 and ser-118 in vivo and to explore the role of these serines in the regulation of eralpha function. Treatment of cells with lithium chloride resulted in dephosphorylation of ser-104 and -106 and ser-118, which suggests these serine residues as targets for gsk-3 in vivo. Our results further suggest that eralpha phosphorylation by gsk-3 stabilizes eralpha under resting conditions and modulates eralpha transcriptional activity upon ligand binding. Estradiol and phorbol ester cause phosphorylation of serine 118 in the human estrogen receptor. Potentiation of human estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation through phosphorylation of serines 104 and 106 by the cyclin a-cdk2 complex." SIGNOR-139312 BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15694340 t gcesareni "Bad, however, bound tightly to bcl-2, bcl2l1, and bcl2l2." SIGNOR-133805 GABRA4 protein P48169 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263759 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 LTEERDGsLNQSSGY 9606 20658524 t lperfetto "The serine 21 (s21) residue of fyn is a protein kinase a (pka) recognition site within an rxxs motif of the amino terminal sh4 domain of fyn. In addition, s21 is critical for fyn kinase-linked cellular signaling. Mutation of s21a blocks pka phosphorylation of fyn and alters its tyrosine kinase activity." SIGNOR-167147 CTSS protein P25774 UNIPROT "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31810556 t scontino "Within the phagosome, the internalized antigens are partially degraded by Cathepsin S and the GILT complex, a necessary step for further export to cytosol." SIGNOR-267867 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 GAPPRRSsIRNAHSI 9606 BTO:0000130 10559253 t esanto "Akt phosphorylates p47phox and mediates respiratory burst activity in human neutrophils. A direct interaction between p47(phox) and akt was shown. Active recombinant akt phosphorylated recombinant p47(phox) in vitro. Mutation analysis indicated that 2 aa residues, ser(304) and ser(328), were phosphorylated by akt. Inhibition of akt activity also inhibited fmlp-stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis." SIGNOR-72133 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190299 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF -1 21457715 t Giulio "Activation of the catalytic ATPase domain residing in the N‐terminus of the heavy chain relies on the reversible phosphorylation of the associated MLC on Ser19 (monophosphorylation), or in some cases on both Thr18 and Ser19 (diphosphorylation)|We detected Ser19 of MLC as the common phosphorylation site for the catalytic domains of MRCK_/_, ROK_, MLCK and PAK_, but only ROK_ and CRIK are able to phosphorylate both Thr18 and Ser19 residues causing diphosphorylation." SIGNOR-260308 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "aspartic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:22660 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270373 "perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:39421 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 BTO:0000011 16731579 t miannu "Taken together, these data show that of the NRs studied, PPARα is the most likely target of PFOA and PFOS, although PPARγ is also activated to some extent." SIGNOR-268787 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 KRTADSSsSEDEEEY 9606 21245376 t gcesareni "Hp1_ was multiply phosphorylated at n-terminal serine residues (s11-14) in human and mouse cells and that this phosphorylation enhanced hp1_'s affinity for h3k9me. Unphosphorylatable mutant hp1_ exhibited severe heterochromatin localization defects in vivo, and its prolonged expression led to increased chromosomal instability." SIGNOR-171703 FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 11706047 t lperfetto "We conclude that FLNa is essential in cells that express it for stabilizing orthogonal actin networks suitable for locomotion. " SIGNOR-261851 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259045 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252876 "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24298020 t miannu "Here, we propose that vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2) is a critical enzyme that negatively regulates TRiC. In mammalian cells, overexpression of wild-type VRK2 decreased endogenous TRiC protein levels by promoting TRiC ubiquitination, but a VRK2 kinase-dead mutant did not.The VRK2-mediated reduction of TRiC protein levels was subsequent to the recruitment of COP1 E3 ligase. Among the members of the COP1 E3 ligase complex, VRK2 interacted with RBX1 and increased E3 ligase activity on TRiC in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that VRK2 is crucial to regulate the ubiquitination-proteosomal degradation of TRiC, which controls folding of polyglutamine proteins involved in Huntington's disease.COP1 functions as an E3 ligase by forming a supercomplex that also includes heterodimeric substrate receptor DET1, adaptor DDB1, scaffold Cul4A, and RBX1 to recruit the E2 enzyme" SIGNOR-272873 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser619 SLPKINRsASEPSLH 9606 8288587 t gcesareni "Pkc can effectively phosphorylate raf-1, this is a direct effect of activated pkc and not the result of raf-1 autophosphorylation. the sites of pkc-mediated raf-1 phosphorylation are deduced to be ser497 and ser619." SIGNOR-37478 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT SNCAIP protein Q9Y6H5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11590439 t miannu "Here we show that parkin interacts with and ubiquitinates the alpha-synuclein-interacting protein, synphilin-1. Co-expression of alpha-synuclein, synphilin-1 and parkin result in the formation of Lewy-body-like ubiquitin-positive cytosolic inclusions. " SIGNOR-272595 WDR45B protein Q5MNZ6 UNIPROT TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "WIPI3 associates with the TSC complex and FIP200. The specific interaction between WIPI3 and the TSC complex was demonstrated by immunopurification of both endogenous TSC1 and TSC2 with GFP-WIPI3 (Fig. 5a). These data suggest that WIPI3 functions in association with the TSC complex to regulate mTOR activity in the lysosomal compartment." SIGNOR-268479 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TNKS1BP1 protein Q9C0C2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr131 KEEPPPLtPPARCAA 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262782 felodipine chemical CHEBI:585948 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18250364 t Luana "Here we report a surprising finding, that the dihydropyridine CCBs have MR antagonist activity. A number of dihydropyridine CCBs compete for aldosterone binding to the MR ligand binding domain (LBD), block aldosterone-induced recruitment of coactivators, and inhibit aldosterone-induced gene expression. " SIGNOR-257766 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser184 FYYEILNsPEKACSL 9606 15071501 t "Ser residues in the reagion between alpha-helices 7 and 8, JNK3 is essential for apoptosis of hippocampal neurons" gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylates 14-3-3zetaat ser-184 and 14-3-3sigmaat ser-190" SIGNOR-124009 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206280 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1717 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269384 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1724 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248812 POU3F2 protein P20265 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 18628967 t lperfetto "We further demonstrate that BRN2 induces MITF transcription through a binding site located at ˆ’50/ˆ’36 of the MITF promoter" SIGNOR-249616 COX6A1 protein P12074 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267747 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser385 RYSDTTDsDPENEPF 9606 BTO:0001938 15987703 t lperfetto "We provide evidence suggesting that LKB1 phosphorylates PTEN at residue S385 in combination either with S380, T382 or T383" SIGNOR-247446 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI ZFYVE1 protein Q9HBF4 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 18725538 t gcesareni "Dfcp1 contains two fyve domains (thus explaining its pi(3)p binding)" SIGNOR-180527 GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT TRIOBP protein Q9H2D6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 17606614 t "We show that the C-terminal Rho-specific DH-PH cassette of Trio is similarly activated by Galpha(q)" SIGNOR-256494 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR PRDM1 protein O75626 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269255 PHF7 protein Q9BWX1 UNIPROT SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT "form complex" binding 9606 33941892 t miannu "Mechanistically, PHF7 localizes to cardiac super enhancers in fibroblasts, and through cooperation with the SWI/SNF complex, it increases chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding at these sites. Furthermore, PHF7 recruits cardiac transcription factors to activate a positive transcriptional autoregulatory circuit in reprogramming. PHF7 interacts with SMARCD3 to promote reprogramming." SIGNOR-269816 AT9283 chemical CID:11696609 PUBCHEM ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190008 GOPC protein Q9HD26 UNIPROT ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 15358775 t miannu "Overexpression of cal reduces surface expression of beta1ar. Interaction with cal promotes retention of beta1ar within the cell" SIGNOR-128791 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser464 LLKHVTQsSRKLIRA 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129316 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 16306329 f mrosina "Upon formation of the IL-6/IL-6Ralpha/gp130 hexameric signaling complex, two distinct signaling pathways are activated: 1) Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) and 2) the Src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways" SIGNOR-255022 MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 10629060 t gcesareni "These data demonstrate that jip3 interacts with proteins that can form a mapk signaling module, including jnk, mkk7, and mlk3jip3 increases mlk3-stimulated jnk activity." SIGNOR-73909 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. GDNF down-regulates doublecortin, Paf-ah1b (Lis1), dynamin, and a-tubulin, which are involved in neocortical lamination and cytoskeletal reorganization." SIGNOR-252173 PIAS3 protein Q9Y6X2 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C9 14691252 t gcesareni "Taken together, our studies indicate that on tgf-beta treatment, pias3 can form a complex with smads and p300/cbp and activate smad transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-120359 Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR HERPUD1 protein Q15011 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 10922362 f miannu "We demonstrate a new target gene for upr-induced transcription, herp." SIGNOR-80156 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30017632 f miannu "Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis and causes tissue scarring largely by activating its downstream small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling. Different TGF-β signalings play different roles in fibrogenesis. TGF-β1 directly activates Smad signaling which triggers pro-fibrotic gene overexpression. Excessive studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway was an important pathogenic mechanism in tissue fibrosis. Smad2 and Smad3 are the two major downstream regulator that promote TGF-β1-mediated tissue fibrosis, while Smad7 serves as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1/Smad pathway thereby protects against TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis." SIGNOR-260432 GOLGA2 protein Q08379 UNIPROT GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23555793 t miannu "The “cis-golgin tether” is one of the most well-characterized golgin tether complexes. It is composed of the COPI vesicle-associated golgin giantin linked to Golgi membrane-associated GM130 via p115. GM130 is in turn linked to GRASP65 via a PDZ-like domain. GRASP65 is anchored to the Golgi membrane through N-terminal myristoylation as well as through binding to other Golgi proteins [10]. Together, these proteins appear to mediate vesicle tethering at the cis-Golgi membrane." SIGNOR-261239 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1766 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120120 CUL7 protein Q14999 UNIPROT "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1 " SIGNOR-271625 P4HA2 protein O15460 UNIPROT Collagen proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF103 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" hydroxylation 9606 9211872 t miannu "Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (proline hydroxylase, EC 1.14.11.2) catalyzes the hydroxylation of proline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- triplets in collagens and other proteins with collagen-like sequences. The enzyme plays a central role in the synthesis of all collagens, as the 4-hydroxyproline residues formed in the reaction are essential for the folding of the newly synthesized collagen polypeptide chains into triple helical molecules. " SIGNOR-269733 ERCC6 protein Q03468 UNIPROT APEX1 protein P27695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17567611 t Regulation miannu "CSB stimulates the AP site incision activity of APE1 on normal (i.e. fully paired) and bubble AP-DNA substrates, with the latter being more pronounced (up to 6-fold). This activation is ATP-independent, and specific for the human CSB and full-length APE1 protein. CSB and APE1 were also found in a common protein complex in human cell extracts, and recombinant CSB, when added back to CSB-deficient whole cell extracts, resulted in increased total AP site incision capacity." SIGNOR-251932 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser77 PTAGALYsGSEGDSE -1 2046671 t llicata "Casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates the mammalian transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) on a serine residue(s) located within a region of the protein spanning amino acids 70 to 92, thereby enhancing its DNA-binding activity in vitro.| Nevertheless, additional mutation of serines 77 and 79 was required before phosphorylation and enhanced binding were completely abolished. Thus, serines 77 and 79 could also be recognized by CKII if serines 83 and 85 were mutated." SIGNOR-250955 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT SPAG9 protein O60271 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 17074887 t lperfetto "In this study, we report that the cdo intracellular region interacts with jlp, a scaffold protein for the p38alpha/beta mapk pathway." SIGNOR-150282 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT BLNK protein Q8WV28 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr178 LLEDEADyVVPVEDN 9606 BTO:0000776 12456653 t llicata "The phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues not only amplifies plcgamma-mediated signaling but also supports 'cis'-mediated interaction between distinct signaling effectors within a large molecular complex." SIGNOR-96040 SNTG1 protein Q9NSN8 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255994 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HAT1 protein O14929 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser190 MWFIETAsFIDVDDE -1 28143904 t lperfetto "Together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylated DNMT1-Ser730, RBBP7-Ser314, and HAT1-Ser190|AMPK increased HAT1 activity through phosphorylation of HAT1-Ser190 and RBBP7-Ser314" SIGNOR-264787 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 12690203 t miannu "P53 is stabilized by the binding of p300 to the oncoprotein E1A, suggesting that p300 regulates p53 degradation. Purified p300 exhibited intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity that was inhibited by E1A. In vitro, p300 with MDM2 catalyzed p53 polyubiquitination, whereas MDM2 catalyzed p53 monoubiquitination. E1A expression caused a decrease in polyubiquitinated but not monoubiquitinated p53 in cells. Thus, generation of the polyubiquitinated forms of p53 that are targeted for proteasome degradation requires the intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activities of MDM2 and p300." SIGNOR-271418 TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001938 12271141 f lperfetto "These findings strongly implicate the tuberin-hamartin tumor suppressor complex as an inhibitor of mtor" SIGNOR-217907 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24298020 t miannu "Here, we propose that vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2) is a critical enzyme that negatively regulates TRiC. In mammalian cells, overexpression of wild-type VRK2 decreased endogenous TRiC protein levels by promoting TRiC ubiquitination, but a VRK2 kinase-dead mutant did not.The VRK2-mediated reduction of TRiC protein levels was subsequent to the recruitment of COP1 E3 ligase. Among the members of the COP1 E3 ligase complex, VRK2 interacted with RBX1 and increased E3 ligase activity on TRiC in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that VRK2 is crucial to regulate the ubiquitination-proteosomal degradation of TRiC, which controls folding of polyglutamine proteins involved in Huntington's disease.COP1 functions as an E3 ligase by forming a supercomplex that also includes heterodimeric substrate receptor DET1, adaptor DDB1, scaffold Cul4A, and RBX1 to recruit the E2 enzyme.The results suggest that VRK2 enables the COP1 complex to efficiently attach ubiquitin on the CCT4 by providing a close interaction between CCT4 and the COP1 complex." SIGNOR-272875 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT PACRG protein Q96M98 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding -1 12150907 t miannu "Our in vitro data suggest that CHIP competes with Hsp70 in binding to Parkin, probably via suppression of the ATPase activity of Hsc/Hsp70 (Figure 4E).In fact, it acts as an inhibitory factor that suppresses the ubiquitination of Pael-R mediated by Parkin in vitro, and Hsp70 enhances the efficiency of folding of overexpressed Pael-R in vivo." SIGNOR-272890 SCARB1 protein Q8WTV0 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 26059978 t Giulio "Importantly, coimmunoprecipitation of SR-BI and Src demonstrated that the two proteins are directly associated in WT macrophages (Fig. 7B), suggesting that SR-BI plays a direct role in activation of Src in macrophages." SIGNOR-260314 RPA1 protein P27694 UNIPROT POLA1 protein P09884 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9214288 t Federica "In our studies, we have shown that T antigen, DNA polymerase R, and the activation domain of VP16 all interact with overlapping regions of the 70-kDa subunit of RPA.| In the latter, both the direct protein-protein interaction and ssDNA-binding activities of RPA were needed for RPA to modulate polymerase processivity. We also found that SV40 T antigen inhibited the ability of RPA to increase processivity of DNA polymerase alpha, suggesting that this activity of RPA may be important for elongation but not during the initiation of DNA replication." SIGNOR-261272 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser221 KVAAETQsPSLFGST 9606 19767751 t gcesareni "These results suggest that both ERK and Cdk1 directly phosphorylate Nup50 at Ser221 in intact cells|Notably, erk phosphorylation of the fg repeat region of nup50 reduced its affinity for importin-beta family proteins, importin-beta and transportin." SIGNOR-188061 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 11742987 f gcesareni "Glucocorticoids inhibit MAP kinase via increased expression and decreased degradation of MKP-1|Both induction of MKP-1 expression and inhibition of its degradation are necessary for glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Erk-1/2 activation. In NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, although glucocorticoids up-regulate the MKP-1 level, they do not attenuate the proteasomal degradation of this protein and consequently they are unable to inhibit Erk-1/2 activity." SIGNOR-251678 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BEX1 protein Q9HBH7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser102 KLREKQLsHSLRAVS 10116 BTO:0001009 16498402 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Bex1 in Ser105 by the serine–threonine kinase AKT stabilizes Bex1 and protects it from proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-262614 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 9606 9445476 t gcesareni "A regulatory link between p70s6k and pkb was demonstrated, as pdk1 was found to selectively phosphorylate p70s6k at thr229. More importantly, pdk1 activated p70s6k in vitro and in vivo, whereas the catalytically inactive pdk1 blocked insulin-induced activation of p70s6k. one of the most studied signalling events controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of a group of agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-55310 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr186 NSQPNRYtNRVVTLW 9606 21533037 t amattioni "Pp1 is an activator of cdk9. Pp1 dephosphorylates cdk9 thr186." SIGNOR-173454 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Like erbb1, erbb4 recruits grb2, shc and stat5." SIGNOR-146891 NR1I3 protein Q14994 UNIPROT CYP2B6 protein P20813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19702527 f miannu "Human CYP2B6 is closely regulated by constitutive androstane receptor (CAR/NR1I3) which can activate CYP2B6 expression upon ligand binding." SIGNOR-254863 MDH1 protein P40925 UNIPROT NADH smallmolecule CHEBI:16908 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-266287 SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT CADPS2 protein Q86UW7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28647363 f gianni "This approach enabled us to disclose a differential effect of high levels of LRRK2 and aSyn on CADPS2 promoter activity. Specifically, CADPS2 transcriptional activity was enhanced by high cellular levels of LRRK2 and reduced by overexpression of aSyn. Consistently, CADPS2 mRNA levels were diminished in aSyn overexpressing cells." SIGNOR-268929 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser69 GPLAPPAsPGPFATR 9606 15486195 t lperfetto "In vitro, bimel was phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase on ser(69), which resides in the bimel-specific insert region. Using phosphospecific antibody against this site, we show that this residue is actually phosphorylated in cells. We also show that phosphorylation of ser(69) promotes ubiquitination of bimel. We conclude that mek inhibitors sensitize mda-mb231 and hbc4 cells to anoikis by blocking phosphorylation and hence degradation of bimel" SIGNOR-129878 "5-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-pyridin-4-yl-4-pyrazolyl]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one oxime" chemical CHEBI:91434 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258112 PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr88 PQSSSPVyGSSAKTS 9606 20133777 t "Here, we show that paxillin is a direct substrate of PTPRT and that PTPRT specifically regulates paxillin phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 88 (Y88) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We engineered CRC cells homozygous for a paxillin Y88F knock-in mutant and found that these cells exhibit significantly reduced cell migration and impaired anchorage-independent growth," SIGNOR-248720 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004488 18519638 t "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Gly86Arg (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Ala5Val (mutation causing interaction)" "SOD1mut-induced ER stress |we first examined whether SOD1mut induces ER stress in NSC34 motor neurons, as assessed by band-shift analyses of the ER transmembrane kinase receptors IRE1 and PERK. Adenovirus (Ad)-mediated expression of ALS-linked SOD1mut (SOD1G93A) was detectable within 48 h of infection (Supplemental Fig. S1A). SOD1mut (SOD1A4V, SOD1G85R, and SOD1G93A) but not wild-type SOD1 (SOD1wt) activated IRE1 and PERK" SIGNOR-262787 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28288143 f miannu "Our results indicate that, in the absence of mixed lineage leukemia fusions, an alternative pathway for engaging an oncogenic MEIS1-dependent transcriptional program can be mediated by DNMT3A mutations.Under these circumstances, those AML patients carrying the alteration in the DNA methyltransferase would undergo a hypomethylation event at the MEIS1 promoter that would lead to the overexpression of this key oncogene in leukemia." SIGNOR-256125 ARID2 protein Q68CP9 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270597 CELF4 protein Q9BZC1 UNIPROT TNNT2 protein P45379 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 11158314 f miannu "We also demonstrated that CUG-binding protein (CUG-BP) binds a conserved CUG motif within a human cTNT MSE and positively regulates MSE-dependent exon inclusion. Alternative splicing of cardiac troponin T (cTNT) exon 5 undergoes a developmentally regulated switch such that exon inclusion predominates in embryonic, but not adult, striated muscle." SIGNOR-264256 RAPGEF4 protein Q8WZA2 UNIPROT RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9534 BTO:0000298 10777494 t miannu "Epac1 (cAMP-GEFI) and Epac2 (cAMP-GEFII) are closely related guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the small GTPase Rap1, which are directly regulated by cAMP. Here we show that both GEFs efficiently activate Rap2 as well." SIGNOR-263954 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR TNNT2 protein P45379 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136870 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257952 EPGN protein Q6UW88 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 20513444 t "EPGN may stimulate the phosphorylation of EGFR and mitogen-activated protein kinases" gcesareni "Remarkably, three members of the epidermal growth factor (egf) family (ereg, areg, and epgn) showed increased expression that was associated with elevated epidermal activation of the egf receptor (egfr) and stat3, a downstream effector of egfr signaling." SIGNOR-165779 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Tyr996 EEAPEDLyKDFLTLE 9606 BTO:0000007 18840653 t "We show that a TCPTP substrate-trapping mutant interacts with VEGFR2. Moreover, TCPTP dephosphorylates VEGFR2 in a phosphosite-specific manner, inhibits its kinase activity and prevents its internalization from the cell surface. |The autophosphorylation sites Tyr1054/1059 and Tyr1214 were dephosphorylated by TCPTP (Fig. 4B). Tyr996, the functional significance of which is currently uncertain (Olsson et al., 2006), was a TCPTP target as well." SIGNOR-248398 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18097445 f gcesareni "This process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (momp) results in the release of cycs.it is commonly thought that bax and bak form pores in membranes" SIGNOR-160039 DCAF4 protein Q8WV16 UNIPROT OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 32014991 t miannu "DCAF4-mediated ubiquitination of OPTN facilitates the degradation of DBR-exposed SOD1. OPTN is involved in degradation of DBR-exposed SOD1. These data demonstrate that DCAF4-including CRL4 complex mediates OPTN ubiquitination at lysine 501, and this ubiquitination is absent in the ALS-related OPTNmut." SIGNOR-272210 EIF3E protein P60228 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266396 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22469984 t irozzo "The requirement for PRC2 in leukemia is partly because of its role in direct transcriptional repression of genes that limit the self-renewal potential of hematopoietic cells, including Cdkn2a" SIGNOR-259360 PEX2 protein P28328 UNIPROT UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 19687296 t miannu "Here we report on the identification of the protein-ubiquitin ligases that are responsible for the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal protein import receptor Pex5. It is demonstrated that each of the three RING peroxins Pex2, Pex10, and Pex12 exhibits ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity. Our results show that Pex2 mediates the Ubc4-dependent polyubiquitination whereas Pex12 facilitates the Pex4-dependent monoubiquitination of Pex5.While polyubiquitinated Pex5 is degraded by the proteasome, monoubiquitinated Pex5 is destined for a new round of the receptor cycle." SIGNOR-253025 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser284 AGGGRRIsDSHEDTG 9606 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163756 IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20729857 f lperfetto "We found Irf4 to be one of the direct targets of Jmjd3-mediated demethylation. Finally, we found that Irf4 is a transcription factor crucial for the induction of M2 macrophage responses." SIGNOR-249543 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser170 GGAFFSPsPGSSSLS 10029 BTO:0001131 11997522 t miannu "P38 MAP kinase phosphorylates Ser168 and Ser170 of NFATc4. Mutational replacement of Ser168,170 with Ala promotes NFATc4 nuclear localization and increases NFATc4-mediated transcription activity." SIGNOR-250108 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr450 TAQMITItPPDQDDS 10090 BTO:0002572 18566586 t gcesareni "MTORC2 phosphorylates newly synthesized Akt at the TM (Thr450) site to facilitate carboxyl-terminal folding and to stabilize Akt" SIGNOR-252448 ARHGAP27 protein Q6ZUM4 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260482 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT MCC protein P23508 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser120 LRSELSQsQHEVNED 9606 BTO:0001109 21779472 t miannu "MCC is phosphorylated at the ATM/ATR consensus sites Ser118 and Ser120.  Finally, mutation of S118/120 to alanine did not affect MCC nuclear shuttling following UV but did impair MCC G2/M checkpoint activity." SIGNOR-273531 JDP2 protein Q8WYK2 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18671972 t miannu "JDP2 dimerizes with other AP-1 proteins such as activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) and Jun to repress transcription from promoters that contain a cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE)." SIGNOR-226398 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253492 "Fanconi anemia ID complex" complex SIGNOR-C302 SIGNOR BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates 18985065 f lperfetto "Once monoubiquitinated, the ID complex becomes associated with chromatin and is redistributed to DNA-damage sites, forming foci that are visible by immunofluorescence and colocalizing with other DNA-repair molecules, notably BRCA1, BRCA2 and γH2AX." SIGNOR-263271 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 22388891 t miannu "Fbxw7α is a member of the F-box family of proteins, which function as the substrate-targeting subunits of SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complexes. Using differential purifications and mass spectrometry, we identified p100, an inhibitor of NF-κB signalling, as an interactor of Fbxw7α. p100 is constitutively targeted in the nucleus for proteasomal degradation by Fbxw7α" SIGNOR-272909 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr216 RGEPNVSyICSRYYR 9606 BTO:0001253 15020233 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assay was carried out using a recombinant human active mek1 and we found that gsk-3beta was phosphorylated on tyr(216) by this kinase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further, the pretreatment of fibroblasts with u0126 inhibited serum-induced nuclear translocation of gsk-3beta. These results suggested that mek1/2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of gsk-3beta and this cellular event might induce nuclear translocation of gsk-3beta." SIGNOR-236622 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT RFX5 protein P48382 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 9177217 f 2 miannu "Transcriptional Activation by the RFX5 Activation Domain Is IFN-_-Inducible in HeLa Cells." SIGNOR-241368 SET protein Q01105 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21806989 t miannu "Here we report that both the amino terminal fragment (i(2ntf);aa 1-175) and the carboxy terminal fragment (i(2ctf);aa 176-277) of i(2)(pp2a) inhibit pp2a by binding to its catalytic subunit pp2ac" SIGNOR-175719 HERC2 protein O95714 UNIPROT NEURL4 protein Q96JN8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22261722 t miannu "Here we used interaction proteomics to identify the E3 ligase HERC2 and the neuralized homologue NEURL4 as novel interaction partners of the centrosomal protein CP110.NEURL4 is a substrate of HERC2, and together these results indicate that the NEURL4-HERC2 complex participates in the ubiquitin-dependent regulation of centrosome architecture. In further support of the possibility that NEURL4 is regulated by proteasomal degradation, we detected robust ubiquitylation of a FLAG-NEURL4 protein in HEK293T cells (Fig. 5B)." SIGNOR-272910 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT KCNJ11 protein Q14654 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr224 MQVVRKTtSPEGEVV 9606 23223335 t lperfetto "Results showed that activation of camkii triggered dynamin-dependent internalization of k(atp) channels. This process required phosphorylation of threonine at 180 and 224 and an intact (330)yskf(333) endocytosis motif of the k(atp) channel kir6.2 pore-forming subunit." SIGNOR-200027 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258523 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR MOAP1 protein Q96BY2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 22529100 t miannu "MOAP-1 is an APC/CCdh1 substrate. Here, we identify MOAP-1 as a novel APC/CCdh1 substrate. MOAP-1 is degraded during G1 by APC/CCdh1, and this degradation is inhibited by Trim39 acting on the APC/C." SIGNOR-272912 CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17409098 t lperfetto "P27, an important cell cycle regulator, blocks the g(1)/s transition in cells by binding and inhibiting cdk2/cyclin a and cdk2/cyclin e complexes (cdk2/e)." SIGNOR-217505 oxymetazoline chemical CHEBI:7862 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258461 ZIC1 protein Q15915 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002181 11238441 f fspada "Moreover, gli proteins were translocated to cell nuclei by coexpressed zic proteins, and both proteins regulated each others transcriptional activity.In Nih3t3 and 293t cells, both gli1 and gli3 proteins were located predominantly in the cytoplasm (fig. 2, c, d, h, k, l, and p). Coexpression of zic1 resulted in gli1 and gli3 proteins being translocated to the nucleus in varying levels (fig. 2, e and m)." SIGNOR-105500 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr823 DIKNDSNyVVKGNAR 9606 12824176 t lperfetto "Upon binding its ligand, stem cell factor (scf), c-kit forms an active dimer that autophosphorylates itself and activates a signaling cascade that induces cell growth. / tyr-823 is the last tyrosine residue to be autophosphorylated" SIGNOR-102641 ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000018 27995049 f miannu "We also investigated the potential regulation of cancer-associated signaling pathways by Anxa3 through screening for the altered expression of some common signaling molecules after Anxa3 downregulation. Decreased phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, Akt, and IκBα was detected after downregulating Anxa3 expression in A549 cells." SIGNOR-262211 PITX3 protein O75364 UNIPROT MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C123 21368136 t 1 miannu "we found that the MTA1/DJ1 complex is required for optimum stimulation of the TH expression by paired like homeodomain transcription factor (Pitx3) homeodomain transcription factor and that the MTA1/DJ1 complex is recruited to the TH gene chromatin via the direct interaction of MTA1 with Pitx3." SIGNOR-239770 NR1D2 protein Q14995 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24577401 t miannu "A retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) response element within the BMAL1 promoter is responsive to both ROR and REV-ERB (encoded by the genes NR1D1 and NR1D2); ROR activates the transcription of BMAL1, whereas REV-ERB suppresses its transcription." SIGNOR-268006 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR Pr3-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C475 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000133 15972951 f lperfetto "In the early phase, LPS enhanced anti-MPO IgG-induced glomerular neutrophil accumulation. |using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the proinflammatory stimulus." SIGNOR-270587 ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "leukotriene A4" smallmolecule CHEBI:15651 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 11751058 t gcesareni "5-lipoxygenase catalyzes the production of leukotriene (lt) a4, from 5- hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-hpete) as well as the nitial oxidation of arachidonic acid to this hydroperoxy in-termediate" SIGNOR-113198 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr66 EPICSVNtPREVTLH -1 10206983 t miannu "The noncatalytic N terminus of HePTP binds Erk and p38 and is phosphorylated at Ser-72 and Thr-45 by these kinases. the N terminus of HePTP binds Erk and p38 but may release them upon phosphorylation.it is clear that phosphorylation of HePTP at Thr-45 and/or Ser-72 is not required for inhibition of MAP kinase. Rather, it seems that phosphorylation has the opposite effect, namely to lessen the inhibitory effect of HePTP." SIGNOR-250110 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT KIF2B protein Q8N4N8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser204 HLDSSKIsVLEPPQE 9606 22535524 t lperfetto "We show that Plk1 directly phosphorylates Kif2b at threonine 125 (T125) and serine 204 (S204), and that these two sites differentially regulate Kif2b function. Phosphorylation of S204 is required for the kinetochore localization and activity of Kif2b in prometaphase, and phosphorylation of T125 is required for Kif2b activity in the correction of k-MT attachment errors." SIGNOR-252050 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PINX1 protein Q96BK5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr317 EDATLEEtLVKKKKK 9606 20573420 t lperfetto "Here, we show that polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) is a novel interacting protein of pinx1. Plk1 interacts with and phosphorylates pinx1 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, plk1-mediated phosphorylation of pinx1 at five phosphorylation sites is essential for its plk1-induced degradation." SIGNOR-166333 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT MOAP1 protein Q96BY2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22529100 t miannu "MOAP-1 is an APC/CCdh1 substrate. Here, we identify MOAP-1 as a novel APC/CCdh1 substrate. MOAP-1 is degraded during G1 by APC/CCdh1, and this degradation is inhibited by Trim39 acting on the APC/C." SIGNOR-272913 MOAP1 protein Q96BY2 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26269600 t miannu "Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) is a BH3-like protein that plays key roles in cell death or apoptosis. It is an integral partner to the tumor suppressor protein, Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), and functions to activate the Bcl-2 family pro-apoptotic protein Bax. " SIGNOR-272914 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT IL23A protein Q9NPF7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 17343824 f miannu "We found 59 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes in the K562-SATB1 cells that were not observed in the K562 cells. Partial genes that have special biological functions are listed in Table 1." SIGNOR-255132 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT FZD6 protein O60353 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22575959 t "Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6." SIGNOR-260114 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-169334 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr69 ERQLNGTyAIAGGKA 9606 BTO:0000661 7961936 t "We show that ZAP-70 has a primary autophosphorylation site at Tyr-292, with a secondary site at Tyr-126. We also show additional phosphorylation at Tyr-69, Tyr-178, Tyr-492, and Tyr-493 upon the addition of the protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck." SIGNOR-251396 ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256809 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr771 ADIESSNyMAPYDNY 9606 1314164 t llicata "Mutagenesis studies show that tyr740 and 751 are involved in the pdgf-stimulated binding of phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3 kinase, and tyr771 is required for efficient binding of gap, the gtpase activator of ras." SIGNOR-16892 NUDT21 protein O43809 UNIPROT "CFI complex" complex SIGNOR-C388 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8626397 t lperfetto "We report here the purification of CF Im from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Three polypeptides of 68, 59, and 25 kDa copurified with CF Im activity." SIGNOR-266122 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17283 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 8999962 t gcesareni "Vps34p phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (ptdins) at the 3?-Position of the inositol ring, but not ptdins." SIGNOR-45606 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103;BTO:0002314 22493066 t lperfetto "Constitutive Notch Activation Upregulates Pax7 and Promotes the Self-Renewal of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells NICD regulates Pax7 through interaction with RBP-J_, which binds to two consensus sites upstream of the Pax7 gene." SIGNOR-219365 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1619 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269351 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C85 12419246 t gcesareni "Ski also represses bmp signaling through interactions with smad4 and bmp-specific r-smads, smad1 or smad8." SIGNOR-95474 SUV39H1 protein O43463 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002267 23435416 f lperfetto "The methyl marks H3K9me3 on the myoD promoter and H3K27me3 on the myogenin promoter have been shown to be under the control of the histone methyl transferase KMT1A and the HDM KDM4A, respectively, during normal myogenesis. In addition, KMT1A has recently been shown to play a role in ARMS by inhibiting myogenic differentiation" SIGNOR-249600 "HLA2 alpha chain" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF91 SIGNOR "Class II MHC" complex SIGNOR-C428 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 1311249 t scontino "The biosynthesis of MHC Class II molecules starts with the assembly of the alpha and beta subunits." SIGNOR-267870 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3." SIGNOR-66781 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY9 protein O60503 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-204354 perifosine chemical CHEBI:67272 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 22090271 t "Perifosine causes decrease in Akt Ser473 and Thr308 phosphorylation" gcesareni "Perifosine is an alkylphospholipid that targets the pleckstrin homology domain of akt and blocks its membrane translocation, hence preventing akt phosphorylation and activation" SIGNOR-252630 BKM120 chemical CHEBI:71954 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190386 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259205 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT NDUFV2 protein P19404 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000931 17786189 f miannu "Sp1 role in the regulation of complex I subunits, was demonstrated by the ability of the Sp1/DNA binding inhibitor, mithramycin, to inhibit the transcription of NDUFV1 and NDUFV2, in neuroblastoma cells. In addition, Sp1 activated NDUFV2 promoter by binding to its three GC-boxes. Both activation and binding were inhibited by mithramycin." SIGNOR-255207 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000130 19544470 t gcesareni "Addition of active p38a induced phosphorylation of wild-type c/ebp_? (c/ebp_?WT) on serine 21" SIGNOR-186202 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser390 EEERLRLsPSPTSQR 9606 18815303 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by mitotic cdc2 kinase at ser-22, ser-390, and ser-392 residues on lamin a/c, or by protein kinase c (pkc) during apoptosis, leads to the depolymerization of lamin (disassembly of the nuclear lamina), which may lead to their release from the inm" SIGNOR-181314 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0005065 17673906 t lperfetto "TGF-beta-induced ShcA phosphorylation induces ShcA association with Grb2 and Sos, thereby initiating the well-characterised pathway linking receptor tyrosine kinases with Erk MAP kinases." SIGNOR-236366 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11518799 t gcesareni "Ar suppresses transcription of the lhbeta subunit by interacting with steroidogenic factor-1." SIGNOR-109996 leucine smallmolecule CHEBI:25017 ChEBI mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 22749528 f Luana "Leucine and Glutamine Activate Glutaminolysis and mTORC1" SIGNOR-268010 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ARHGDIB protein P52566 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr24 ELDSKLNyKPPPQKS 9606 19321744 t llicata "Studies confirmed that activated src kinase binds and phosphorylates rhogdi2 in vitro and vivo. Mutagenesis revealed that tyr-153 and, to a lesser degree, tyr-24 were the primary src phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation decreased the amount of rac1 in rhogdi2 complexes and increased rhogdi2 association with cell membranes." SIGNOR-184912 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR FCN3 protein O75636 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11907111 t lperfetto "H-ficolin binds to PSA, a polysaccharide produced by Aerococcus viridans. C4 was activated by H-ficolin preparations bound to PSA which had been coated on ELISA plates." SIGNOR-263406 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 f apalma "Once in the nucleus, NF-kB can induce the transcription of iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1, which may then promote further NF-kB activation, as well as elevate the expression of other inflammatory mediators such as CCL2 and IL-6." SIGNOR-255353 Riluzole chemical CHEBI:8863 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258053 NPY protein P01303 UNIPROT "Food intake" phenotype SIGNOR-PH152 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 10195157 f miannu "Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates food intake and promotes weight gain, whereas melanocortins have the opposite effect." SIGNOR-263505 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 LSPIDMEsQERIKAE 9606 1846781 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of recombinant human c-jun proteins in vitro by gsk-3 decreases their dna-binding activity." SIGNOR-21780 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD33 protein P20138 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr340 EMDEELHyASLNFHG 9606 10887109 t lperfetto "Human cd33 has two tyrosine residues in its cytoplasmic domain (y340 and y358). When phosphorylated, these tyrosines could function as docking sites for the phosphatases, shp-1 and/or shp-2, enabling cd33 to function as an inhibitory receptor. Lck is effective at phosphorylating y340" SIGNOR-78960 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr445 QKQQREKtRWLNSGR 9606 BTO:0000671 10209029 t lperfetto "Rho-associated kinase (rho- kinase), which is activated by the small guanosine triphosphatase rho, phosphorylates alpha-adducin and thereby enhances the f-actin-binding activity of alpha-adducin in vitro. Here we identified the sites of phosphorylation of alpha-adducin by rho-kinase as thr445 and thr480" SIGNOR-66992 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005760 16877633 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "TNF, a proinflammatory cytokine present in several lung pathologies, decreases the expression and activity of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) by approximately 70% in alveolar epithelial cells." SIGNOR-251954 TIMM10 protein P62072 UNIPROT "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32901109 t lperfetto "Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex|In humans, TIM22 is a 440-kDa complex comprising at least six components: the hypothetical channel-forming protein Tim22, three small Tim proteins (Tim9, Tim10a and Tim10b), Tim29 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK)." SIGNOR-267703 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521-1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" hydroxylation Pro70 PLAPPASpGPFATRS 9606 31375625 t lperfetto "EglN3 hydroxylase stabilizes BIM-EL linking VHL type 2C mutations to pheochromocytoma pathogenesis and chemotherapy resistance|EglN3 Hydroxylates BIM-EL at the Proline67/70 Residues" SIGNOR-262004 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT FST protein P19883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15130492 t lperfetto "MyoD, CREB, and NFAT Mediate the Transcriptional Activation of the Follistatin Promoter Induced by TSA" SIGNOR-251729 "bisphenol A" chemical CHEBI:33216 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity. Here, we evaluated the endocrine-disrupting risks of the bisphenols by investigating their agonist and antagonist activities with the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors. Our results showed that BPA, BPS, and BPF (BPs) have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities and decrease the ERα protein level. ." SIGNOR-268729 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT ARID3A protein Q99856 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16738337 t lperfetto "In this work, we show that TFII-I directly interacts with human Bright through amino acids in Bright's protein interaction domain and that specific tyrosine residues of TFII-I are essential for Bright-induced activity of an immunoglobulin reporter gene. Moreover, inhibition of TFII-I function in a B-cell line resulted in decreased heavy-chain transcript levels." SIGNOR-268533 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28559284 t "Through quantitative proteomics and reporter assays, we found that the UBE3AT485A protein ubiquitinates multiple proteasome subunits, reduces proteasome subunit abundance and activity, stabilizes nuclear β-catenin, and stimulates canonical Wnt signaling more effectively than wild-type UBE3A" SIGNOR-270946 LTB4R2 protein Q9NPC1 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256817 DUSP5 protein Q16690 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "The activity of mapks can be also regulated by a family of dusps, which dephosphorylates bot phosphotyrosine and phopsphothreonine residues." SIGNOR-166574 ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 21296876 t lperfetto "Internalization of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE5 into recycling endosomes is enhanced by the endocytic adaptor proteins beta-arrestin1 and -2, best known for their preferential recognition of ligand-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)" SIGNOR-275505 STX11 protein O75558 UNIPROT "STX11-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C273 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 22767500 t lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23. " SIGNOR-261897 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR USP14 protein P54578 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser432 THQGRSSsSGHYVSW 9606 BTO:0000007 26523394 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of ubiquitin-specific protease-14 by Akt regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system|These results suggested S432 as a major and S143 as a minor phosphorylation site of Akt." SIGNOR-265055 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11494141 f miannu "Defects in PTEN, a tumor suppressor, have been found in cancers arising in a variety of human tissues. To elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of this gene, we have been analysing expression profiles of cancer cells after introduction of exogenous PTEN. Those experiments identified 99 candidate genes that were transcriptionally transactivated. Among them, we report here the further analyses of eight genes, EGR2/Krox-20, BPOZ, APS, HCLS1/HS1, DUSP1/MKP1, NDRG1/Drg1/RTP, NFIL3/E4BP4, and a novel gene (PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase)." SIGNOR-260052 ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 14517293 t gcesareni "ActRIIB, and then partners with a type I receptor, either activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4 or ActRIB) or ALK5 (T²RI), to induce phosphorylation of Smad2/Smad3 and activate a TGF-²-like signaling pathway" SIGNOR-235160 1-(6,8-difluoro-2-methyl-4-quinolinyl)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]urea chemical CHEBI:92941 ChEBI HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206733 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Bcl- confers protection to apoptosis by interference with bax/bak-mediated release of the pro-apoptotic mitochodrial factors smac/diablo and htra2/omi" SIGNOR-89189 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CYTH2 protein Q99418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser392 AARKKRIsVKKKQEQ 9606 10531036 t lperfetto "ARNO is phosphorylated in vivo by PKC on a single serine residue, S392, located within the carboxy-terminal polybasic domain. Mutation of S392 to alanine does not prevent ARNO-mediated actin rearrangements, suggesting that phosphorylation does not lead to ARNO activation [6]. Here, we report that phosphorylation negatively regulates ARNO exchange activity through a 'PH domain electrostatic switch'." SIGNOR-249023 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189999 ITGB5 protein P18084 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257722 DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12533515 t gcesareni "Wnt/fz activation of rac and rho is inhibited by rac-n17 and rho-n19, respectively (figs. _(figs.1d,1d, _d,5c,d;5c,d;habas et al. 2001), and requires different dvl domains wnt signaling induces complex formation between dvl and rac." SIGNOR-97409 KEAP1 protein Q14145 UNIPROT CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 15983046 t miannu "Keap1 is a BTB-Kelch protein that functions as a substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Keap1 targets its substrate, the Nrf2 transcription factor, for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26 S proteasome.  The N-terminal BTB domain and central linker region of Keap1 bind Cul3, whereas the C-terminal Kelch domain of Keap1 binds Nrf2 via residues located within loops that extend out from the bottom of the Kelch domain" SIGNOR-268925 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1696 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120104 amisulpride chemical CHEBI:64045 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258364 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT DOK4 protein Q8TEW6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11470823 t gcesareni "We identified two new family members, dok-4 and dok-5, that can directly associate with y1062 of c-ret dok-4 and dok-5 enhance c-ret-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase" SIGNOR-109513 ADCY3 protein O60266 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265000 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 11259588 t flangone "We propose that cd148 negatively regulates tcr signaling by interfering with the phosphorylation and function of plcgamma1 and lat" SIGNOR-105787 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PKIA protein P61925 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr8 MTDVETTyADFIASG 9606 1956339 t lperfetto "The difference in inhibitory potency between pki_ and pki_ has been attributed to the absence of a tyrosine residue (tyr7) in pki_ that is present in the nh2-terminal region of pki_. This suggests that the absence of a single amino acid residue can result in variations in how the catalytic subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase interacts with pki which ultimately can result in alterations in pki inhibitory potency." SIGNOR-22455 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT GPKOW protein Q92917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr316 GTASSRKtLWNQELY 21880142 t miannu "Using yeast two-hybrid screening with the PKA Cβ2 subunit as bait we identified GPKOW, also known as MOS2 homolog or T54 protein, as an interaction partner for Cβ2.PKA phosphorylates GPKOW at S27 and T316 in vitro. GPKOWs ability to bind RNA is sensitive to mutations of its PKA phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-266298 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser328 QDAYRRNsVRFLQQR 9606 BTO:0000130 10559253 t esanto "Akt phosphorylates p47phox and mediates respiratory burst activity in human neutrophils. A direct interaction between p47(phox) and akt was shown. Active recombinant akt phosphorylated recombinant p47(phox) in vitro. Mutation analysis indicated that 2 aa residues, ser(304) and ser(328), were phosphorylated by akt. Inhibition of akt activity also inhibited fmlp-stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis." SIGNOR-252587 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1385111 t gcesareni "Our results establish an fgf binding profile for fgfr-4 with afgf having the highest affinity, followed by k-fgf/hst-1 and bfgf. In addition, fgf-6 was found to bind to fgfr-4 in ligand competition experiments. Ligands binding to fgfr-4 induced receptor autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of a set of cellular polypeptides." SIGNOR-18564 GABRB3 protein P28472 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263747 FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t areggio "Upon ligand binding, DVL proteins are recruited to Frizzled receptors at the plasma membrane and co-recruit cytoplasmic transducers, such as Axin, CK1 and GSK3 binding protein (GBP), presumably along with their partners, to promote ?-catenin-dependent signalling. " SIGNOR-258952 EREG protein O14944 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16829981 t gcesareni "For example, betacellulin binds to and activates both erbb1 and erbb4, whereas epiregulin binds to erbb1, erbb3 and erbb4" SIGNOR-147856 edoxaban chemical CHEBI:85973 ChEBI F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20503967 t Luana "Replacing the chloroindole P1 moiety of 100 with a 5-chloropyridin-2-yloxalamide group provided 101 (edoxaban, DU-176b). Compound 101 is a potent inhibitor of human FXa in vitro (FXa Ki = 0.56 nM), with >10 000-fold selectivity against relevant serine proteases, and demonstrated good anticoagulant activity (PT2× = 0.26 μM) and activity in various animal models of thrombosis, with minimal bleeding" SIGNOR-257845 ASPA protein P45381 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17194761 t miannu "N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) is one of the most abundant amino acid derivatives found in the vertebrate brain, second only to glutamate. Aspartoacylase catalyzes hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-aspartate to aspartate and acetate in the vertebrate brain." SIGNOR-267528 "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 f miannu "We concluded that FBXL10 recruits the noncanonical PRC1 complex to directly repress Cdk1, Uhrf1, and Pparg that may account for the FBXL10-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-252251 procainamide chemical CHEBI:8428 ChEBI ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9301662 t miannu "With the aim of performing a rigorous test of the anti-AChE properties of our compounds, the kinetics of enzyme inhibition were studied in purified enzyme preparations. The inhibition data are shown in Table 1. Additionally, known competitive inhibitors of AChE (procainamide and edrophonium) were included in the study for comparative purposes." SIGNOR-258668 SCAND1 protein P57086 UNIPROT MZF1 protein P28698 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10777584 t miannu "Co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid analyses demonstrate that MZF1B and RAZ1 associate in vitro via a SCAN box-dependent mechanism. The interaction between MZF1B and RAZ1 might be necessary for mediating MZF1B function" SIGNOR-221561 MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 17548806 t lperfetto "St2825 interfered with recruitment of irak1 and irak4 by myd88, causing inhibition of il-1beta-mediated activation of nf-kappab transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-155385 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI WIPI1 protein Q5MNZ9 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 22082875 t gcesareni "We identified the human wipi protein family and found that wipi-1 specifically binds ptdins(3)p, accumulates at the phagophore and becomes a membrane protein of generated autophagosomes." SIGNOR-177169 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser272 CSLERQLsLEQEVQQ 9606 BTO:0000567 12670876 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, a significant difference in the potency of nonredox-type inhibitors (but not of BWA4C) was determined between wild-type 5-LO and the mutant S271A/S663A-5-LO (lacking phosphorylation sites for ERK1/2 and MAPKAPK-2) in HeLa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that compared with Ca2+-mediated 5-LO product formation, enzyme activation involving 5-LO phosphorylation events specifically and strongly alters the susceptibility of 5-LO toward nonredox-type inhibitors in intact cells." SIGNOR-264439 TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR TFIIA complex SIGNOR-C395 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 8990153 t lperfetto "PIC assembly begins with TFIID recognizing the TATA element, followed by coordinated accretion of TFIIB, the nonphosphorylated form of pol II (pol IIA) plus TFIIF, TFIIE, and TFIIH." SIGNOR-269307 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7478566 t gcesareni "For example, inactivation of sos through phosphorylation by the downstream mapk" SIGNOR-26338 Cell_cycle_exit phenotype SIGNOR-PH41 SIGNOR Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 9388774 f gcesareni "Myogenic precursor cells withdraw irreversibly from the cell cycle as they differentiate into mature myotubes. Cell cycle exit occurs early during the differentiation program and is required for normal expression of the contractile phenotype." SIGNOR-243206 CPT1A protein P50416 UNIPROT (R)-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:16347 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267120 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 27425032 t miannu "Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)–oxytocin receptor (OTR) interactions exist within heterocomplexes with facilitatory effects on D2R recognition and Gi/o coupling. Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)–oxytocin receptor (OTR) interactions exist within heterocomplexes with facilitatory effects on D2R recognition and Gi/o coupling." SIGNOR-270333 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser513 GEDEESEsD -1 9045708 t llicata "Purified CKI and CKII phosphorylate the wild-type carboxyl terminus of VMAT2, but not a double mutant with both serines 512 and 514 replaced by alanine. The protein kinase inhibitor CKI-7 and unlabeled GTP both block in vitro phosphorylation by cell homogenates, indicating a role for CKII and possibly CKI in vivo. Both kinases phosphorylate the VMAT2 fusion protein to a much greater extent than a similar fusion protein containing the carboxyl terminus of VMAT1, consistent with differential phosphorylation of the two transporters observed in intact cells. " SIGNOR-251037 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser71 YDRLRPLsYPQTDVF 9606 BTO:0000848 10617634 t "Akt protein kinase inhibits Rac1-GTP binding through phosphorylation at serine 71 of Rac1" SIGNOR-252576 MAL protein P21145 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates 15337780 f SimoneGraziosi "Our results demonstrate a critical role for MAL in the maintenance of central nervous system paranodes" SIGNOR-269228 ASMT protein P46597 UNIPROT melatonin smallmolecule CHEBI:16796 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 22775292 t miannu "Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of human N-acetyl serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), the last enzyme of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway. Melatonin synthesis requires serotonin, which is first acetylated by the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) to produce N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) (Fig. 1A). Then, acetyl serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT, also known as hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase or HIOMT) produces melatonin by transferring a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to NAS" SIGNOR-265475 NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21871017 t miannu "NFAT induces the transcription of the COX2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) gene incancer cells thereby enhancing invasive migration" SIGNOR-264027 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11287630 f lperfetto "Tumor necrosis factor (tnf) inhibited insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of irs-1 and activated the akt/protein kinase b serine-threonine kinase, a downstream target for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase" SIGNOR-244458 SUGT1 protein Q9Y2Z0 UNIPROT "MIS12 complex" complex SIGNOR-C362 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22869522 t lperfetto "Here we identify Sgt1, a cochaperone for Hsp90, as a novel Plk1 substrate during mitosis|This phosphorylation event enhances the association of the Hsp90-Sgt1 chaperone with the MIS12 complex to stabilize this complex at the kinetochores and thus coordinates the recruitment of the NDC80 complex to form efficient microtubule-binding sites." SIGNOR-265223 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22897849 f miannu "ASXL1 siRNA in human primary CD34+ cells form cord blood results in upregulation of HOXA5 and HOXA9 with ASXL1 knockdown (KD) as revealed by quantitative real-time PCR" SIGNOR-256127 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15350225 t gcesareni "Itch promotes ubiquitination of smad2 and augments smad2 phosphorylation that requires an intact ligase activity of itch. Moreover, itch facilitates complex formation between tgf-beta receptor and smad2 and enhances tgf-beta-induced transcription." SIGNOR-128647 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT PTPRZ1 protein P23471 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15833863 f miannu "A second hypoxia-responsive factor, HIF-2, can activate many of the same genes as HIF-1. Ten genes were preferentially activated by HIF-2alpha, including two (CACNA1A and PTPRZ1) implicated in neurologic diseases." SIGNOR-264333 chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f miannu "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-264989 α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23431053 t miannu "The trimeric complex of alfa-catenin, 14-3-3, and yap sequesters yap at ajs and prevents yap dephosphorylation/activation." SIGNOR-265820 XPO1 protein O14980 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 11074002 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that inhibition of crm1-mediated nuclear export by treatment of cells with leptomycin b results in endogenous smad4 accumulating very rapidly in the nucleus." SIGNOR-84247 58131-57-0 chemical CID:42640 PUBCHEM MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194856 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 9792724 f miannu "Retinoic acid mediates down-regulation of the alpha-fetoprotein gene through decreased expression of hepatocyte nuclear factors. The levels of HNF1 and HNF4 mRNA were also decreased following RA treatment." SIGNOR-254445 "perfluorononanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:38397 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31332417 t miannu "In the present study, we demonstrated PFASs bound to and activated human PPARb/d-LBD directly. The PPARb/d binding potency and transcriptional activity of PFASs were all related to the carbon chain length and the terminal functional group." SIGNOR-268756 Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9361014 t lperfetto "Using integrin-specific antibodies, recognition sites for the alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins were identified in the short arms of both laminin alpha1- and alpha2-chain isoforms. Comparisons with a beta-alpha chimeric short arm protein possessing beta1-chain domain VI further localized these activities to alpha-chain domain VI." SIGNOR-253255 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT KRT16 protein P08779 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000552 12954631 f miannu "these results suggest that Sp1 and AP1 sites in the essential promoter region are critical for EGF response, and Sp1 showed a functional cooperation with c-Jun and coactivators p300/CBP in driving the transcriptional regulation of EGF-induced keratin 16 gene expression. The coactivators p300/CBP could collaborate with Sp1 and c-Jun in the activation of keratin 16 promoter." SIGNOR-253903 NCAPH2 protein Q6IBW4 UNIPROT TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 31026066 t miannu "Taken together these observations suggest that NCAPH2 promotes telomere stability, possibly through a direct interaction with the TRF1 shelterin component, and prevents telomere dysfunction resulting from impaired DNA replication." SIGNOR-263914 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 DNQLTIKsPSKRELA 9606 10339564 t lperfetto "Based on these results, we propose that phosphorylation of hscdc6 by cdks regulates dna replication of at least two steps: first, by promoting initiation of dna replication and, second, through nuclear exclusion preventing dna rereplication. hscdc6 is an excellent substrate for cdk2 in vitro and is phosphorylated in vivo at three sites (ser-54, ser-74, and ser-106)" SIGNOR-217272 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr1102 MLEERKTyVNTTLYE 14665640 t gcesareni "Our results identified a novel interaction between Tie2 with the adapter molecule ShcA and suggested that this interaction may play a role in the regulation of migration and three-dimensional organization of endothelial cells induced by angiopoietin-1. Furthermore, Tyr-1101 of Tie2 was identified as the primary binding site for the SH2 domain of ShcA." SIGNOR-242573 FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30616754 t lperfetto "FBPase converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) and inorganic phosphate in the second rate-limiting reaction of gluconeogenesis.|FBP1 is ubiquitously present in tissues and is the key gluconeogenic enzyme in the liver and kidney, while FBP2 is restricted to the muscle" SIGNOR-267611 nefazodone chemical CHEBI:7494 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9871604 t miannu "Equilibrium dissociation constants KD for binding of (_+)-2 and (_+)-3 to hSERT, hNET, and hDAT are given in Table 2. Nefazodone has similar affinities at hSERT, hNET, and hDAT, but has low potency" SIGNOR-259069 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM65 protein Q6PJ69 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271171 MICU3 protein Q86XE3 UNIPROT MCU_MICU3_variant complex SIGNOR-C501 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270872 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser486 DDEITEAKsGTATPQRS 10116 BTO:0002135 17023420 t "These agents also enhanced phosphorylation of alpha-Ser(485/491) by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. AMPK alpha-Ser(485/491) phosphorylation was necessary but not sufficient for inhibition of AMPK activity in response to forskolin/isobutylmethylxanthine." SIGNOR-256110 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser60 ETNQNSSsDSEAERR -1 11711551 t llicata "We show here that Tcf-4 can be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase CK2 stoichiometrically in amino acids Ser-58-Ser-59-Ser-60. Phosphorylation of these residues does not modify the interaction of Tcf-4 with beta-catenin but reduces its association to plakoglobin. | Experiments performed using a Tcf-4 mutant with decreased interaction to plakoglobin demonstrated that binding to this protein negatively affected the transcriptional activity of Tcf-4." SIGNOR-251046 BARD1 protein Q99728 UNIPROT "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, another BRCA1 complex, the BRCA1–A complex, which itself contains RAP80 along with MERIT40, BRCC36/45 and Abraxas, has been reported to inhibit DNA end resection, suggesting that, in some contexts, BRCA1 may function to limit and/or prevent over resection of DNA breaks." SIGNOR-263223 NLGN4Y protein Q8NFZ3 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264163 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr440 EDRNRMKtLGRRDSS 9606 10869359 t gcesareni "We show that phosphorylation of b-raf by akt occurs at multiple residues within its amino terminal regulatory domain, at both the conserved and unique phosphorylation sites. Akt phosphorylated b-raf on s364 and s428 to inactivate its kinase activity b-raf contains three akt consensus sites, table i. One site, ser364 is conserved with c-raf;however, two sites, ser428 and thr439, are unique to b-raf" SIGNOR-78689 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 18073771 t amattioni "Active caspase-8 then proteolytically processes and activates caspase-7" SIGNOR-159853 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT SMAD2/SMURF2 complex SIGNOR-C11 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11389444 t gcesareni "We show that in the presence of tgf-beta, smad2 interacts through its proline-rich ppxy motif with the tryptophan-rich ww domains of smurf2, a recently identified e3 ubiquitin ligases." SIGNOR-108487 LEO1 protein Q8WVC0 UNIPROT PAF1C complex SIGNOR-C471 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20178742 t miannu "Human PAF1C was affinity purified from a FLAG-hPAF1 HeLa cell line and found to contain homologues (hCTR9, hLEO1, hPAF1, hCDC73 and hRTF1) of the five yeast PAF1C subunits, as well as the SKI8 subunit unique to hPAF1C (Figure 1A). " SIGNOR-269832 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14993291 f gcesareni "Smad3 is required for both tgf-beta-induced repression of c-myc and subsequent growth arrest in keratinocytes" SIGNOR-123087 GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257064 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 t lperfetto "Because phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK-3β leads to its rapid ubiquitination and subsequent degradation in the proteosome, inactivation of GSK-3β is often a prerequisite for stimulating the accumulation, nuclear translocation, and functional activity of β-catenin" SIGNOR-227893 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr457 KAPTSFGyDKPHVLV 9606 7615558 t lperfetto "Interferon gamma activation of stat1alpha requires both jak1 and jak2 as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha chain of the ifngamma receptor." SIGNOR-29866 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10871633 t irozzo "These results indicate that interaction between Smad3 and c-Jun may repress Smad3 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-256284 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF25 protein Q96BH1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271207 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT DAP protein P51397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 DQEWESPsPPKPTVF 9606 20537536 t miannu "A critical step in autophagy induction comprises the inactivation of a key negative regulator of the process, the Ser/Thr kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here we identify death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) as a novel substrate of mTOR that negatively regulates autophagy. Mapping of the phosphorylation sites and analysis of phosphorylation mutants indicated that DAP1 is functionally silenced in growing cells through mTOR-dependent phosphorylations on Ser3 and Ser51." SIGNOR-259813 APOE protein P02649 UNIPROT VLDLR protein P98155 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278667 t gcesareni "Several ligands for the vldl receptor have been identified in addition to tfpi. These include apolipoprotein e (apoe)" SIGNOR-106221 NDUFC2 protein O95298 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262174 BRCC3 protein P46736 UNIPROT "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR down-regulates deubiquitination 9606 20656690 t gcesareni "Brcc36 regulates the abundance of lys(63)-linked ubiquitin chains at chromatin and that one of its substrates is diubiquitinated histone h2a" SIGNOR-265312 TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20006481 t lperfetto "Tsc1 and tsc2 proteins, which together inhibit rheb through the gap activity of tsc2." SIGNOR-162096 RUNX2/EP300 complex SIGNOR-C211 SIGNOR BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002648 12697832 f "Giulio Giuliani" "In agreement with our studies in ROS 17/2.8 cells, coexpression of p300 and Runx2/Cbfa1 resulted in marked enhancement of the OC promoter activity, further indicating that both factors cooperate to stimulate this promoter." SIGNOR-255420 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15618519 t "The binding occours if Smo is phosphorylated" gcesareni "Grk2-mediated phosphorylation of vertebrate smo allows smo to bind to beta-arrestins 1 or 2" SIGNOR-132678 creatine smallmolecule CHEBI:16919 ChEBI CKM protein P06732 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265810 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 NYLRRRLsDSNFMAN 9606 10880969 t lperfetto "It has been reported that site 1 of syn i can be phosphorylated by pka. Pka-mediated synapsin i ser9 phosphorylation occurs in response to cgs 21680 treatment. Results show that the adenosine a2a receptor agonist, cgs 21680, increases neurotransmitter release, in particular, glutamate and noradrenaline and such response is mediated by protein kinase a activation, which in turn increased synapsin i phosphorylation" SIGNOR-78891 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT TARS2 protein Q9BW92 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269407 HNRNPA3 protein P51991 UNIPROT C9orf72 protein Q96LT7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000142 27461252 f lperfetto "Thus, reduced hnRNPA3 expression in C9orf72 cases leads to increased levels of the repeat RNA as well as enhanced production and deposition of DPR proteins and RNA foci." SIGNOR-262117 LHB protein P01229 UNIPROT LHCGR protein P22888 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10446903 t gcesareni "Hcg is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone, consisting of a common? -subunit and a hormone-specific ?-Subunit (2). It binds to the lh receptor (lhr)." SIGNOR-70028 PRMT1 protein Q99873 UNIPROT CNBP protein P62633 UNIPROT down-regulates methylation Arg27 PTGGGRGrGMRSRGR 9606 24726729 t miannu "Cnbp interacts with protein arginine methyltransferase prmt1 / r25 or r27 appear to be the major methylation sites in cnbp /arginine methylation of cnbp impedes rna binding" SIGNOR-204962 CTCF protein P49711 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001690 20733034 f miannu "Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases decreased BCL6 mRNA abundance, suggesting a role for these methylated CpGs in positively regulating BCL6 transcription. The enhancer-blocking transcription factor CTCF bound to this intronic region in a methylation-sensitive manner. Depletion of CTCF by short hairpin RNA in neoplastic plasma cells that do not express BCL6 resulted in up-regulation of BCL6 transcription." SIGNOR-253824 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "A novel multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib (Figure 1), inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3, that play key roles in angiogenesis, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain 2 (TIE2) and the mutant oncogenic kinase KIT, RET, B-RAF" SIGNOR-259178 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT SHMT2 protein P34897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "post translational modification" Lys280 IVTTTTHkTLRGARS 34929314 t desuccinylation lperfetto "Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT2) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the catabolism of serine and drives the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and colon cancer cells. SIRT5 directly mediates the desuccinylation of Lysine 280 on SHMT2. Therefore, SIRT5 is a candidate target to inhibit serine catabolism" SIGNOR-267644 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser790 IHRKTTAsTRKVSLA -1 1377674 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of CF-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by PKA and PKG, and serines 686 and 790 were phosphorylated by PKC." SIGNOR-248851 PCDH19 protein Q8TAB3 UNIPROT GABRA3 protein P34903 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 SIGNOR-C334 29360992 t miannu "Here, we found that PCDH19 binds the alpha subunits of GABAAR and regulates its surface availability and currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. The PCDH19 gene (Xp22.1) encodes the cell-adhesion protein protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) and is responsible for a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by female-limited epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autistic features, the pathogenic mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a new interaction between PCDH19 and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) alpha subunits in the rat brain. PCDH19 shRNA-mediated downregulation reduces GABAAR surface expression and affects the frequency and kinetics of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. " SIGNOR-267222 LRRC4C protein Q9HCJ2 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19467332 t miannu "A possible function for the NGL–PSD-95 interaction is to couple trans-synaptic adhesion events to the recruitment of PSD-95 and other PSD-95-associated postsynaptic proteins. PSD-95 and liprin-α may be key synaptic scaffolding proteins that couple trans-synaptic adhesions to the assembly of synaptic proteins/vesicles" SIGNOR-264050 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser369 TAKTPKDsPGIPPSA 10090 15206906 t "RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) is activated via the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway by phosphorylation on four sites: Ser227 in the activation loop of the N-terminal kinase domain, Ser369 in the linker, Ser386 in the hydrophobic motif and Thr577 in the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK2. In the present study, we demonstrate that RSK2 is associated in vivo with PP2Cdelta (protein phosphatase 2Cdelta). In epidermal growth factorstimulated cells, RSK2 is partially dephosphorylated on all four sites in an Mn2+-dependent manner, leading to reduced protein kinase activity" SIGNOR-248321 YWHAB protein P31946 UNIPROT SRPK2 protein P78362 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 phosphorylation:Thr492 PSHDRSRtVSASSTG 19592491 t lperfetto "14-3-3 interacts with akt-phosphorylated srpk2 and blocks its nuclear translocation. kt phosphorylates SRPK2 on Thr-492 and promotes its nuclear translocation leading to cyclin D1 up-regulation, cell cycle reentry, and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, SRPK2 phosphorylates SC35 and, thus, inactivates p53, resulting in cyclin D1 up-regulation. 14-3-3 binding to SRPK2, regulated by Akt phosphorylation, inhibits these events." SIGNOR-186767 CTDSPL2 protein Q05D32 UNIPROT HBE1 protein P02100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20932329 f "Regulation of transcription" miannu "CTD small phosphatase like 2 (CTDSPL2) can increase ε- and γ-globin gene expression in K562 cells and CD34+ cells derived from umbilical cord blood." SIGNOR-251779 PDCD1 protein Q15116 UNIPROT "T cell exhaustion" phenotype SIGNOR-PH221 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 28286692 f Barakat "Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a major regulator of T-cell exhaustion, and blocking the PD-1 pathway restores T-cell function and improves pathogen control and tumor eradication. Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1 inhibitory receptor pathway has demonstrated significant antitumor activity." SIGNOR-275413 NARS1 protein O43776 UNIPROT Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270456 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT AARS1 protein P49588 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269414 "9-cis-retinoic acid" chemical CHEBI:50648 ChEBI RXR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF44 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18321241 t miannu "Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a unique panagonist retinoid, capable of binding to all six known retinoid receptors (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma)." SIGNOR-259240 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr327 NSKPKKSyIATQGCL 9534 BTO:0004055 8995399 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 304 and 327 in shp-2 are phosphorylated by jaks, and phosphorylated shp-2 can associate with the downstream adapter protein grb2" SIGNOR-236270 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 9271428 t gcesareni "Op18 is multisite phosphorylated on four ser residues during mitosis;two of these ser residues, ser-25 and ser-38, are targets for cyclin-dependent protein kinases. our findings suggest that stathmin phosphorylation in reh6 cells could be in part mediated by pkc activation." SIGNOR-50598 PPP1R9B protein Q96SB3 UNIPROT ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001976 15996550 t miannu "The Rho Family GEF Lfc Interacts with Neurabin and Spinophilin. Neurabin and spinophilin are homologous protein phosphatase 1 and actin binding proteins that regulate dendritic spine function. The results obtained in the present study suggest a mechanism by which neurabin or spinophilin contributes to the organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines, and in turn to the regulation of spine morphology, via the activity-dependent recruitment of the Rho-specific GEF Lfc" SIGNOR-269176 ITGB6 protein P18564 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257724 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11085989 t miannu "SHP-2 is thus a positive regulator of ERK by leptin receptors, and both the adaptor function and the phosphatase activity of SHP-2 are critical for this regulation. Based on these data, we conclude that tyrosinephosphorylation of SHP-2 is a mediator of ERK activation viaTyr-985. This is likely to occur via Grb-2 binding to SHP-2 atthe C terminus followed by activation of the Ras-Raf pathwayas suggested for other signaling systems (55, 56) and morerecently for the leptin receptor (33)." SIGNOR-263498 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HVCN1 protein Q96D96 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr10 TWDEKAVtRRAKVAP 9606 25425665 t done miannu "HVCN1S is phosphorylated more by PKC-δ than HVCN1L. PKC-δ in vitro kinase assay showing phosphorylation of HVCN1" SIGNOR-273827 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1497 EPGVERSsPSKCPSL 9606 10550055 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-72091 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8893010 t ggiuliani "Conversely, Smad1 and DPC4 formed a complex when the cells were stimulated with BMP4 but not with activin of TGF-beta." SIGNOR-255774 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT PARD6A protein Q9NPB6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 RGDGSGFsL 9606 BTO:0004183 15761148 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that Par6, a regulator of epithelial cell polarity and tight-junction assembly, interacts with TGFbeta receptors and is a substrate of the type II receptor, TbetaRII. [...] These data suggest that T_RII phosphorylates Par6 at its penultimate residue, Ser345." SIGNOR-227484 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr654 DIHHIDYyKKTTNGR 10116 BTO:0002809;BTO:0001009 8622701 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of six additional autophosphorylation sites (y-463, y-583, y-585, y-653, y-654 and y-730) on fgfr1. We demonstrate that autophosphorylation on tyrosines 653 and 654 is important for activation of tyrosine kinase activity of fgfr1 and is therefore essential for fgfr1-mediated biological responses." SIGNOR-236199 DUSP5 protein Q16690 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10224087 t gcesareni "Extracellular regulated kinases (erk) 1 and erk2 are authentic substrates for the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase vhr. A novel role in down-regulating the erk pathway" SIGNOR-67358 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT SH3GL2 protein Q99962 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr14 KKQFHKAtQKVSEKV 9606 16164598 t llicata "We identified the phosphorylation site of endophilin a1 at thr-14 endophilin t14d inhibited egf receptor internalization. Furthermore, phosphorylation of endophilin by rho-kinase inhibited the binding to cin85." SIGNOR-140466 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10903733 f "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates jnk" SIGNOR-269887 retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI "all-trans-retinyl ester" smallmolecule CHEBI:63410 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 10090 18093970 t lperfetto "We investigated the role of retinyl ester formation catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in regulating retinoid homeostasis during embryogenesis" SIGNOR-265109 MRPS31 protein Q92665 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261445 MAGEA3 protein P43357 UNIPROT TRIM28 protein Q13263 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000594 28394358 t lperfetto "In this study, we demonstrated that the tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) binds directly to and promotes FBP1 for ubiquitination and degradation. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-C2, which are known to be overexpressed in HCC, can enhance TRIM28-dependent degradation of FBP1 by forming ubiquitin ligase complexes with TRIM28." SIGNOR-267592 CUDC-907 chemical CID:54575456 PUBCHEM HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191209 LRFN2 protein Q9ULH4 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 f miannu "This study finds that all SALMs (SALMs 1–5) possess the abilityto promote neurite outgrowth and branching, as demonstrated byoverexpression and knockdown experiments." SIGNOR-264099 GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 t gcesareni "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein) coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin. This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3b from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of b-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-141792 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PTGIR protein P43119 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser328 TPLSQLAsGRRDPRA 9606 BTO:0000007 9722557 t lperfetto "These results indicate that PKC-dependent phosphorylation is of critical importance to homologous regulation of hIP. Ser-328 is a primary site for PKC phosphorylation of hIP." SIGNOR-249011 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1452 LPSSSPRsPSGLRPR 9606 BTO:0000007 32294430 t done miannu "We show here that CyclinD-Cdk4/6 activates mTORC1 by binding and phosphorylating TSC2 on Ser1217 and Ser1452. " SIGNOR-274100 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0002586 12226744 f irozzo "The hSNF5/INI1 gene encodes a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes.Here, we show that the ectopic expression of wild-type hSNF5/INI1, but not that of truncated versions, leads to a cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the entry into S phase of MRT cells." SIGNOR-256298 SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT CLU protein P10909 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 17451556 t miannu "We also report that the ER-associated ubiquitin ligase Hrd1/synoviolin can interact with, and ubiquitinate clusterin. The fact that cleaved endogenous clusterin appears, under certain conditions, to be subject to polyubiquitination (Figure 2C) and proteasomal degradation (1, 2) strongly suggests that it passed through the secretory pathway before reaching the cytosol." SIGNOR-272629 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser467 IDLTIDSsSDEEEEE 9606 19217413 t llicata "Ck2 phosphorylates serine residues adjacent to the sim of pias1 these findings show that the phosphosim module mediates binding to free sumo and sumo conjugates in a phosphorylation-dependent mode, with ck2 being the critical kinase involvedin this process." SIGNOR-184043 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT NRK protein Q7Z2Y5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 32162334 t miannu "Our results indicate that Nrk is ubiquitinated by CHIP in a chaperone-dependent manner, resulting in its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-274110 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 8891723 t lperfetto "The first group, including p16ink4a, p15ink4b,p18ink4cand p19ink4d, is specific for the g1 cdks,cdk4and cdk6, inhibiting the kinase activity of cyclin d/cdk4-cdk6 complexes on prb." SIGNOR-217514 RFWD3 protein Q6PCD5 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002552 20173098 t miannu "RFWD3 is a positive regulator of p53 abundance and regulates the G1 checkpoint in response to IR. We found that an E3 ubiquitin ligase RFWD3 (RNF201/FLJ10520) forms a complex with Mdm2 and p53 to synergistically ubiquitinate p53 and is required to stabilize p53 in the late response to DNA damage. " SIGNOR-271945 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1069 EDSFLQRySSDPTGA 9534 9363897 t "Tyrosine at residue 1,068 of the EGFR is proposed to be one of the principal phosphorylation sites and Grb2-binding sites stimulated by growth hormone via Jak2. Our results indicate that the role of EGFR in signalling by growth hormone is to be phosphorylated by Jak2, thereby providing docking sites for Grb2 and activating MAP kinases and gene expression, independently of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR.¬†" SIGNOR-251347 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr488 DVYDDGKyVYVVTEL 9606 BTO:0000007 18156174 t llicata "The results showed that tyr-488 is a major site of src but mutations at tyr-529 or tyr-707 did not significantly decrease src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of rsk2 (fig. 4c). However, we have previously characterized the tyr-488 site that is also phosphorylated by fgfr3 (14), and substitution of tyr-488 did not affect rsk2 activation." SIGNOR-160056 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249490 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 FLISPPAsPPVGWKQ 9606 BTO:0000782 16126726 t gcesareni "We show that rcan1 self-associates and forms multimers, and that this process is promoted by the dyrk1a-mediated phosphorylation of rcan1 at the thr(192) residue. these results suggest that the phosphorylation of rcan1 by dyrk1a stimulates the formation of insoluble aggregates upon aging." SIGNOR-139958 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser859 DTSSLTQsAPASPTN 9606 BTO:0000007 19346248 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of raptor is stimulated by insulin and inhibited by rapamycin. Importantly, the site-directed mutation of raptor at one phosphorylation site, Ser(863), reduced mTORC1 activity both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-184959 EGF protein P01133 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12648462 t lperfetto "The mammalian ligands that bind the egf receptor (egfr [her1, erb-b1]) include egf, transforming growth factor- (tgf), heparin-binding egf-like growth factor (hb-egf), amphiregulin (ar), betacellulin (btc), epiregulin (epr), and epigen" SIGNOR-22716 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT NCK2 protein O43639 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10026169 t gcesareni "The sh2 domains of grb2, nck, and grb4 all precipitated activated pdgf receptor with similar efficiency." SIGNOR-64740 AMHR2 protein Q16671 UNIPROT ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14746809 t gcesareni "See table2" SIGNOR-121593 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT CAV3 protein P56539 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15199055 f "Furthermore, we show that the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and caveolin-3 promoters are directly regulated by ROR and coactivated by p300 and PGC-1. This study implicates RORs in the control of lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-254255 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t miannu "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on AML1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of AML1c in K562 and 293T cells (27).4 Mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein. The presence of these mutations results in an increase in the amount of ubiquitinated AML1c in the matrix, and increases the half-life of this insoluble AML1c. One possible model to explain these observations is that phosphorylation might be necessary for the normal process of both proteasome degradation and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-268221 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr265 GQSSAAAtPSTTGTK 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134568 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CEP55 protein Q53EZ4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 KVAASPKsPTAALNE 9606 16198290 t lperfetto "Upon mitotic entry, centrosome dissociation of cep55 is triggered by erk2/cdk1-dependent phosphorylation at s425 and s428. S425/428 phosphorylation is required for interaction with plk1, enabling phosphorylation of cep55 at s436. enabling it to relocate to the midbody to function in mitotic exit and cytokinesis." SIGNOR-140894 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248628 DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9534 BTO:0004055 10224087 t "inferred from 70% of family members" "Extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and ERK2 are authentic substrates for the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase VHR. A novel role in down-regulating the ERK pathway.|Catalysis by VHR requires the native structure of ERK and is specific for tyrosine 185 of ERK2" SIGNOR-269907 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser41 RTDALTSsPGRDLPP 9606 16899510 t gcesareni "In the present study, we report the identification of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation sites on mcm2 and determine the functional role of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation of mcm2 in the initiation of dna replication in human cells." SIGNOR-148717 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163274 NBEAL2 protein Q6ZNJ1 UNIPROT Platelet_morphogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH135 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 28082341 f lperfetto "We compared platelet size and number of α-granules for two NBEAL2 and two GATA1-deficient patients and found reduced numbers of α-granules for all, with the defect being more pronounced for NBEAL2 deficiency. " SIGNOR-261882 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 20068231 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-163270 RFX2 protein P48378 UNIPROT Cilium_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH64 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 32725242 f miannu "RFX2 and RFX3 are key regulators of ependymal cell ciliogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show here that RFX2 and RFX3 have both redundant and specific functions in the biogenesis of motile cilia on mouse ependymal cells, whereas RFX1 does not seem to play a key regulatory role in this process." SIGNOR-266928 P2RY10 protein O00398 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257348 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 SAVRLRSsVPGVRLL -1 11895474 t miannu "In vitro analyses revealed that vimentin served as an excellent substrate for PAK. This phosphorylated vimentin lost the potential to form 10 nm filaments. We identified Ser25, Ser38, Ser50, Ser65 and Ser72 in the amino-terminal head domain as the major phosphorylation sites on vimentin for PAK. " SIGNOR-250243 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000007 16964285 t amattioni "Casp8 induces apoptosis by directly activating casp3." SIGNOR-256458 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HERC4 protein Q5GLZ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271307 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GSTP1 protein P09211 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr199 AFLASPEyVNLPING 9606 BTO:0000150 19254954 t llicata "Taken together, these results and those of the ms/ms analyses confirmed tyr-3, tyr-7, and tyr-198 to be primary residues phosphorylated by egfr in the gstp1 protein. The phosphorylation increased gstp1 enzymatic activity significantly," SIGNOR-184379 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 9731215 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Stress-induced stathmin phosphorylation is not de- pendent on ERK. Stathmin is also known to be phos- phorylated by ERK on Ser-25 and Ser-38 (17). Thus, it is possible that ERK phosphorylates stathmin in 293 cells|In subsequent reports (28, 29) it was shown that phosphorylation of stathmin blocks its ability to destabilize MTs." SIGNOR-270082 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT PDE6G protein P18545 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr62 PGMEGLGtDITVICP 9606 BTO:0000007 12624098 t gcesareni "Mutation of Thr-62 (to Ala) in PDEgamma produced a GRK2 phosphorylation-resistant mutant that was less effective in associating with GRK2 in response to epidermal growth factor and did not potentiate the stimulation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by this growth factor." SIGNOR-247823 VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 15590694 t miannu "SOCS5 Can Physically Associate with the EGFR. The complex recruited by SOCS proteins is composed of ElonginBC, Cullin, and Roc1 (15, 16). Together, this complex has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We suspect that the role of the SB domain is to mediate coupling of EGFR with the Elongin-Cullin-Roc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, resulting in enhanced EGFR degradation." SIGNOR-271521 nocodazole chemical CHEBI:34892 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194838 seliciclib chemical CHEBI:45307 ChEBI CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206559 SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 10196197 t gcesareni "These results suggest that the formation of complexes between sf2/asf and srpks, which is influenced by the phosphorylation state of sf2/asf, may have regulatory roles in the assembly and localization of this splicing factor." SIGNOR-66465 FBXL12 protein Q9NXK8 UNIPROT ALDH3B1 protein P43353 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0001078 26124079 t miannu "We now show that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 for the ALDH3 family of enzymes. We now show that the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ALDH3 mediated by FBXL12 (F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12) is essential for execution of the differentiation program of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). FBXL12 is present only in eutherian mammals, and its expression is largely restricted to the placenta during mouse embryogenesis. FBXL12 was found to interact specifically with members of the ALDH3 family and to mediate their polyubiquitylation. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that FBXL12 interacted efficiently only with members of the ALDH3 family (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, and ALDH3B1), showing little if any association with those of the ALDH1 family (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3) (Fig. 2H). Collectively, these results suggested that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 specific for ALDH3 family members." SIGNOR-272815 3-[1-[[4-(7-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-6-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-one chemical CHEBI:91346 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000782 25336630 t miannu "stimulations were performed in the presence or absence of Akt inhibitor VIII, which selectively inhibits Akt1/Akt2 activity." SIGNOR-262227 FBXL12 protein Q9NXK8 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001078 26124079 t miannu "We now show that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 for the ALDH3 family of enzymes. We now show that the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ALDH3 mediated by FBXL12 (F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12) is essential for execution of the differentiation program of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). FBXL12 is present only in eutherian mammals, and its expression is largely restricted to the placenta during mouse embryogenesis. FBXL12 was found to interact specifically with members of the ALDH3 family and to mediate their polyubiquitylation. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that FBXL12 interacted efficiently only with members of the ALDH3 family (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, and ALDH3B1), showing little if any association with those of the ALDH1 family (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3) (Fig. 2H). Collectively, these results suggested that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 specific for ALDH3 family members." SIGNOR-272816 SCNN1G protein P51170 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26772908 t miannu "The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is composed of three homologous subunits and allows the flow of Na(+) ions across high resistance epithelia, maintaining body salt and water homeostasis. ENaC dependent reabsorption of Na(+) in the kidney tubules regulates extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and blood pressure by modulating osmolarity." SIGNOR-269277 TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT TG protein P01266 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "catalytic activity" 9606 23349248 t miannu "After transport through the apical membrane, I− is covalently bound to the tyrosyl residues of Tg by thyroid peroxidase (TPO)." SIGNOR-259914 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 22418700 t gcesareni "Afatinib is an oral, erbb family blocker, which covalently binds and irreversibly blocks all kinase-competent erbb family members." SIGNOR-196621 rRNA_transcription phenotype SIGNOR-PH145 SIGNOR "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR up-regulates 25838379 f lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by means of single-particle electron cryogenic microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three ribosomal RNA molecules." SIGNOR-262599 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT FH protein P07954 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser46 PNAARMAsQNSFRIE 9606 BTO:0002058 30683654 t miannu " FH is massively phosphorylated at the Ser 46 by PAK4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and PAK4-phosphorylated FH binds to 14-3-3, resulting in cytosolic detention of FH and prohibition of FH/CSL/p53 complex formation. " SIGNOR-266315 2-[(3-bromo-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]propanedinitrile chemical CHEBI:93757 ChEBI IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189368 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser473 PPSGTKKsKRGRGRP 9606 12529391 t llicata "Pkc-mediated phosphorylation at s486 does not affect s6k activity but eliminates the function of its nuclear localization signal and causes retention of an activated form of the kinase in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-97291 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20392206 t miannu "The ubiquitin ligase Itch mediates the antiapoptotic activity of epidermal growth factor by promoting the ubiquitylation and degradation of the truncated C-terminal portion of Bid" SIGNOR-271415 "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263780 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT XRCC3 protein O43542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser225 PFRCEFDsQASAPRA 9606 23438602 t miannu "HXRCC3 S225 phosphorylation is mediated by ATR via an ATM-dependent signaling pathway. These data clearly indicate that ATR mediates the late activation of XRCC3 following DSB accumulation." SIGNOR-262666 P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256943 magnesium(2+) chemical CHEBI:18420 ChEBI CIB2 protein O75838 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 35408910 t miannu "Calcium- and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) is a small EF-hand protein capable of binding Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions." SIGNOR-269666 PP2 chemical CHEBI:78331 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001760 12351660 t gcesareni "Treatment of l6 cells with pp2 or su6656, specific inhibitors of src family kinases, and transient transfection of dominant-inhibitory src inhibited the formation of myotubes and expression of myogenin." SIGNOR-93549 TBX3 protein O15119 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25595898 f miannu "AKT phosphorylation potentiates the ability of TBX3 to repress the transcription of the E-cadherin gene" SIGNOR-223537 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000830 15526160 t miannu "C-Kit promotes survival via PI3-kinase-dependent activation of Akt and phosphorylation of Bad, a pro-apoptotic molecule, at S136 in vivo." SIGNOR-254951 TEF protein Q10587 UNIPROT NPPB protein P16860 UNIPROT unknown "transcriptional regulation" 15837525 f "In comparison to the ANF gene, less is known about BNP promoter consensus elements that regulate gene expression by mechanical or neurohumoral agonists. A number of cis-acting elements for GATA, Nkx2.5, NF-kappaB and TEF transcription factors have recently been identified within the BNP promoter that regulate BNP expression in response to specific agonists. This review focuses on the information available regarding cis-acting determinants responsible for inducible BNP transcription." SIGNOR-253652 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TMEM129 protein A0AVI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271265 HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31226023 t miannu "In the stressed ER, protein chaperone GRP78 binds to unfolded proteins and dissociates from the luminal domain of PERK, leading to oligomerization and activation of PERK by autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-260164 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1248 PTAENPEyLGLDVPV 9606 BTO:0000356 12354693 t llicata "Induction of cancer cell migration by epidermal growth factor is initiated by specific phosphorylation of tyrosine 1248 of c-erbB-2 receptor via EGFR. | In summary, c-erbB-2 up-regulation switches on the cell migration program by modulating the time course of PLC-gamma1 activation." SIGNOR-251094 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser876 QGLAERIsVL 9606 11062248 t gcesareni "The addition of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate in the presence of dioleoylphosphatidylserine stimulated the autophosphorylation of pkd2 in a synergistic fashion.In addition, we could identify the c-terminal ser(876) residue as an in vivo phosphorylation site within pkd2. Phosphorylation of ser(876) of pkd2 correlated with the activation status of the kinase." SIGNOR-83834 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser418 TEERLPSsPVYEDAA 9606 20444238 t gcesareni "Strikingly, we find that pak1 phosphorylation of cortactin on serine residues 405 and 418 increases its association with n-wasp. Thus, pak1, by controlling the interaction between cortactin and n-wasp, could regulate the polymerization of actin during clathrin-independent endocytosis." SIGNOR-165220 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser240 SDQQLNQsMDTGSPA 9606 SIGNOR-C8 11027280 t gcesareni "Smad2 is a target substrate for cam kinase ii in vitro at serine-110, -240, and -260. furthermore, cam kinase ii blocked nuclear accumulation of a smad2 and induced smad2-smad4 hetero-oligomerization independently of tgfbeta receptor activation, while preventing tgfbeta-dependent smad2-smad3 interactions." SIGNOR-82970 HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "The histone deacetylase hdac-5, upon dephosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus, directly inactivates mef2, preventing myogenesis." SIGNOR-84023 SUZ12 protein Q15022 UNIPROT SUZ12/EED complex SIGNOR-C76 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16712789 t miannu "Suz12 is a polycomb group protein that forms polycomb repressive complexes (prc2/3) together with eed and histone methyltransferase ezh2." SIGNOR-146761 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT GLYR1 protein Q49A26 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations." SIGNOR-272824 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL -1 9507031 t "P125(Fak) sequence comprising amino acids 568-582, which contains tyrosines 576 and 577 of the kinase domain regulatory loop, is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor. p125(Fak) phosphorylation by the receptor results in its activation." SIGNOR-251324 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1222 PAFDNLYyWDQDPPE -1 1706616 t " Y1023 and Y1248, Y1139 and Y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of HER2." SIGNOR-251130 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RAD18 protein Q9NS91 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271095 NXPH1 protein P58417 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9856994 t gcesareni "Purification of neurexin ialpha revealed that it is tightly complexed to a secreted glycoprotein called neurexophilin 1" SIGNOR-62775 LHX4 protein Q969G2 UNIPROT POU1F1 protein P28069 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15998782 f miannu "We show that normal LHX4 binds to a human-specific element and subsequently activates transcription from the proximal upstream regulatory sequence of POUIF1, a gene encoding a POU homeodomain transcription factor known as the main regulator of GH expression." SIGNOR-254558 Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C503 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270882 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT Lipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH30 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20373869 f lperfetto "Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme involved in neoplastic lipogenesis" SIGNOR-242874 rep protein P0C6X7 UNIPROT DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19224332 t lperfetto "To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that SARS-CoV helicase can interact directly with multifunctional protein Ddx5 in cell culture and that inhibition of Ddx5 results in the suppression of viral replication. We speculate that Ddx5 may act as a coactivator by direct binding to the SARS-CoV helicase, resulting in enhanced viral genome transcription and virus proliferation." SIGNOR-260250 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16431920 t fspada "These data suggest that c/CEBP beta activates a single unified pathway of adipogenesis involving its stimulation of PPARgamma expression, which then activates C/EBP alpha expression by dislodging HDAC1 from the promoter for degradation in the proteasome" SIGNOR-143952 CCNT1 protein O60563 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15546612 f gcesareni "Cycc:cdk8 and cyct1:cdk9/p-tefb are recruited with notch and associated coactivators (mam, skip) to the hes1 promoter in signaling cells." SIGNOR-130634 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MED1 protein Q15648 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12356758 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-binding protein (pbp). Stimulation of transcriptional regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinase" SIGNOR-270199 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1871 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120044 SIRT4 protein Q9Y6E7 UNIPROT GLUD1 protein P00367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" glycosylation 9606 16959573 t miannu "We show that SIRT4 is a mitochondrial enzyme that uses NAD to ADP-ribosylate and downregulate glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity." SIGNOR-267828 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser486 RPLSRAQsSPAAPAS 9606 BTO:0000782 15623513 t lperfetto "Protein kinase d1 (pkd1) was activated after tcr engagement, interacted with hdac7, and phosphorylated three serines (ser155, ser318, and ser448) at its n terminus, leading to its export from the nucleus." SIGNOR-132902 HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257405 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser584 ETSIFTPsPCKIPPP 9606 BTO:0000680;BTO:0001573;BTO:0001286 14551205 t lperfetto "Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene, by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b.Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain. Tuberin interacts with phosphohamartin, and tuberin expression attenuates the phosphorylation of exogenous hamartin. Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70s6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex" SIGNOR-216944 DDC protein P20711 UNIPROT 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:17780 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "In serotonergic neurons Trp serves as the precursor for 5-HT. The 5-HT metabolic pathway is initiated by Trp being hydroxylated to the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to become 5-HT" SIGNOR-264013 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr104 RSPSTGLyDNLEKYH 9606 BTO:0000007 24996174 t miannu "In this study, we investigated the potential regulation of SIRT2 function by c-Src. We found that the protein levels of SIRT2 were decreased by c-Src, and subsequently rescued by the addition of a Src specific inhibitor, SU6656, or by siRNA-mediated knockdown of c-Src. The c-Src interacts with and phosphorylates SIRT2 at Tyr104." SIGNOR-263104 NEXMIF protein Q5QGS0 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000938 27822498 f miannu "Xpn regulates N-cadherin and β1-integrin expression at the transcriptional level in PC12 cells" SIGNOR-269660 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr607 NENTEDQySLVEDDE 9534 BTO:0000298 8385099 t "The alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated at tyrosines 368, 580, and 607 by the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-252693 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58467 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The last two steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the bifunctional AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC). The transformylase domain of the enzyme first catalyzes the conversion of AICAR to formylaminoimida zole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) using the N10-formyltetrahydrofolate. Then, the cyclohydrolase domain closes the purine ring to form IMP." SIGNOR-267324 MDN1 protein Q9NU22 UNIPROT PELP1 protein Q8IZL8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 27814492 t miannu "MDN1 Is Physically and Functionally Associated with the Mammalian PELP1 Complex. To more specifically determine a function of mammalian MDN1 in the subnuclear distribution of PELP1-containing pre-60S-particles, we examined PELP1 localization in control cells or cells depleted from MDN1. Importantly, in the absence of MDN1, PELP1 became sequestered in enlarged nucleoli, indicating that MDN1 is involved in the nucleolar release of PELP1-containing pre-60S ribosomes" SIGNOR-261357 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys331 ELKETIKkLLASANL 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272832 AP3M1 protein Q9Y2T2 UNIPROT "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21097499 t lperfetto "Key components of this system are the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP)4 complexes, AP-1 (gamma-beta1-mi1-sigma1), AP-2 (α-beta2-mi2-sigma2), AP-3 (delta-beta3-mi3-sigma3), and AP-4 (epsilon-beta4-mi4-sigma4) (subunit composition shown in parentheses)" SIGNOR-260682 GLA protein P06280 UNIPROT 1,3-dichloro-7-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-9H-acridin-2-one smallmolecule CHEBI:52012 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by expression" "chemical modification" -1 31996391 t lperfetto "DDAOG is cleaved by -galactosidase ( Lindvall et al., 2009 ) in the Trpv1 cells to produce 7-hydroxy-9H(I,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one (DDAO)." SIGNOR-261334 RHOQ protein P17081 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12242347 f gcesareni "Tc10 is activated afte rinsulin stimulation, and its activation is required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glut4 translocation" SIGNOR-93117 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 7635431 f lperfetto "The activation of NF-kB is triggered by different stimuli, eg., lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), muramyl peptides, viruses,e inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-a) and interleukin (IL)-1b, irradiation, and reactive xygen intermediates (H2O2)." SIGNOR-249517 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys349 TMKQICKkVYENYPT 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272834 "Av/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C175 SIGNOR SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253273 PHF12 protein Q96QT6 UNIPROT TLE4 protein Q04727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11390640 t miannu "We have cloned and characterized a new member of the PHD zinc finger family called Pf1 that interacts with two global transcription corepressors: mSin3A and TLE. Pf1 interacts with TLE. The Groucho/TLE proteins are members of an abundant corepressor family, and we hypothesized that Pf1 might interact with TLE family members. Together, these data suggest that in the absence of interactions with mSin3A, Gal4-Pf1 (102–273 L212P/A216P)-dependent repression can be attributed to interaction with endogenous TLE." SIGNOR-266989 "prostaglandin F2alpha" smallmolecule CHEBI:15553 ChEBI Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 3308494 f apalma "The results suggest a role for prostanoids in the regulation of both human myoblast proliferation and differentiation" SIGNOR-255362 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSSN 10116 11069105 t "AMPK phosphorylates and activates heart PFK-2 in vitro and in intact cells. AMPK-mediated PFK-2 activation is likely to be involved in the stimulation of heart glycolysis during ischaemia." SIGNOR-260012 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser242 SKFTRWGsQGERGKD 9606 19170765 t lperfetto "Amp-activated protein kinase phosphorylates glutamine : fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 at ser243 to modulate its enzymatic activityhe 2-dg induced phosphorylation of gfat1 . The assay of the gfat enzymatic activity in the cell lysates indicated that the 2-dg-treatment inhibited the enzymatic activity" SIGNOR-183528 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser855 EPMRRSVsEAALAQP 9606 9636039 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of bovine hormone-sensitive lipase by the amp-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-58259 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 22848740 t "SGK-1 Negatively Regulates LKB1 Expression via FOXO3 Transcription Factor" SIGNOR-255758 progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI CACNA2D3 protein Q8IZS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 31746409 f miannu "In vivo and in vitro, the addition of P4 upregulated the expression of CACNA2D3 and silencing of CACNA2D3 impaired the function of P4 on cell apoptosis and proliferation." SIGNOR-266856 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR GLYR1 protein Q49A26 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys495 NILQGNFkPDFYLKY 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations." SIGNOR-272838 PROX1 protein Q92786 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001033 27476001 f miannu "Our present study reveals that DAB2IP prevents EMT and metastasis of prostate cancer through targeting PROX1 gene transcription and destabilizing HIF1α protein, which provides a new insight into mechanism that DAB2IP regulates EMT and PCa metastasis." SIGNOR-254767 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16332688 t irozzo "Our findings suggested that the intracellular levels of RanBP2 and its functional activity may be modulated by Parkin-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal pathways. Furthermore, Parkin controls the intracellular levels of sumoylated HDAC4, as a result of the ubiquitination and degradation of RanBP2." SIGNOR-259116 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr772 EDDPEATyTTSGGKI -1 21538645 t gcesareni "The SAM domain tyrosine Y960 which has been implicated in downstream PI3K signaling is dephosphorylated exclusively by HCPTP-B. The activation loop tyrosine (Y772) which directly controls kinase activity is dephosphorylated about six times faster by HCPTP-A. In contrast, the juxtamembrane tyrosines (Y575, Y588 and Y594) which are implicated in both control of kinase activity and downstream signaling are dephosphorylated by both variants with similar rates" SIGNOR-246027 PSMC5 protein P62195 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263372 SSTR1 protein P30872 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256958 MAML2 protein Q8IZL2 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12386158 f gcesareni "Similarly, maml1 and maml2 amplified notch ligand (both jagged2 and delta1)-induced transcription of the hes-1 gene, whereas maml3 displayed little effect." SIGNOR-94276 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr86 AASASPYtPEHAASV 9606 SIGNOR-C17 12676926 t gcesareni "Cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate p73 at threonine 86 in a cell cycle-dependent manner and negatively regulate p73.Furthermore, cyclin a/cdk1/2, cyclin b/cdk1/2, and cyclin e/cdk2 complexes can phosphorylate multiple p73 isoforms in vitro at threonine 86." SIGNOR-99742 "2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:62877 ChEBI acetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:15343 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25229427 t miannu "Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.4), which converts 2-deoxy-d-ribose-5-phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetaldehyde, belongs to the core metabolism of living organisms. his study provides the first experimental evidence that DERA, which is mainly expressed in lung, liver and colon, is the human deoxyribose phosphate aldolase." SIGNOR-268076 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr90 NKQDRTLtIVDTGIG 9606 21919888 t lperfetto "Thr90 phosphorylation of hsp90_ by protein kinase a regulates its chaperone machinery" SIGNOR-176614 TNRC6B protein Q9UPQ9 UNIPROT AGO2 protein Q9UKV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 17891150 t miannu "The assay showed that full-length TNRC6B binds full-length human AGO2. We have identified and molecularly dissected important sequence and structure features in the conserved Ago hooks of S. pombe Tas3 and human TNRC6B. The effect of Ago hook peptides from the shuttling P-body component TNRC6B in our miRNA-mediated translational repression assay (Fig. 5b), in particular, hints at a novel regulatory role of Ago hooks in miRNA-mediated gene repression mechanisms." SIGNOR-269680 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT EVL protein Q9UI08 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15066263 t miannu " Vertebrate Ena/VASP proteins are phosphorylated by PKA, as well as PKG, and the phosphorylation is required for full function in a number of cellular contexts" SIGNOR-268290 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT SYT2 protein Q8N9I0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr199 ETKVHRKtLNPAFNE 9606 BTO:0000007 15350218 t miannu "Endogenous WNK1 and Syt2 coimmunoprecipitate and colocalize on a subset of secretory granules in INS-1 cells. Phosphorylation by WNK1 increases the amount of Ca2+ required for Syt2 binding to phospholipid vesicles; mutation of threonine 202, a WNK1 phosphorylation site, partially prevents this change. These findings suggest that phosphorylation of Syts by WNK1 can regulate Ca2+ sensing and the subsequent Ca2+-dependent interactions mediated by Syt C2 domains. . In contrast, WNK1 phosphorylated Syt2 on T202 and T386 within the C2 domains (Figure 6B)." SIGNOR-263049 NEUROG3 protein Q9Y4Z2 UNIPROT NEUROD1 protein Q13562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19028584 f miannu "Ngn3 overexpression altered the expression of a number of regulatory genes, including ash1, ath3, ath5, chx10, neuroD, ngn1, ngn2, and NSCL1. Early gene ngn1 was induced, but ash1, ngn2, ath3, and chx10, whose expressions persist through later phases of neurogenesis, were down-regulated." SIGNOR-254630 MTHFD1 protein P11586 UNIPROT (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate smallmolecule CHEBI:57455 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18767138 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase)methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase)formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFD1) is a trifunctional enzyme that interconverts tetrahydrofolate (THF) derivatives for nucleotide synthesis.|The Arg653Gln substitution is located in the synthetase domain, which catalyzes the magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP)-dependent production of formylTHF from THF and formate" SIGNOR-268249 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR CBFB protein Q13951 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f irozzo "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions. We found that MLL-BP and the 3 MLL fusion proteins all decreased RUNX1 levels, and MLL-eleven nineteen leukemia (ENL) caused a greater decrease in RUNX1 compared with MLL-AF9 and MLL-AF4 fusion proteins." SIGNOR-255854 COX5B protein P10606 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267749 MK-2461 chemical CID:44137946 PUBCHEM MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194381 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser299 SSPTLSSsPPVLCNP 9606 22017875 t llicata "Our data reveal critical roles for mtor itself as well as cki in generating a degron in deptor that is recognized by _-trcp, and promotes deptor turnover by the proteasome." SIGNOR-176853 "GW 791343 HYDROCHLORIDE" chemical CID:9848159 PUBCHEM P2RX7 protein Q99572 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193116 agomelatine chemical CHEBI:134990 ChEBI HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189474 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22863277 t gcesareni "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2 thereby activating yap and taz transcription co-activators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-198544 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT miR-23b mirna URS0000283D0A_9606 RNAcentral "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16731620 t "Moreover, both loci encoding miR-1, miR-1-1, and miR-1-2, and two of the three encoding miR-133, miR-133a-1 and miR-133a-2, are strongly induced during myogenesis.[…]By using CHIP analysis, we demonstrate that the myogenic factors Myogenin and MyoD bind to regions upstream of these microRNAs and, therefore, are likely to regulate their expression." SIGNOR-255916 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser308 KAEFCNKsKQPGLAR 9606 14990569 t lperfetto "Previous studies have shown that the brca1 breast cancer tumor suppressor also localizes to the centrosome and that brca1 inactivation results in loss of the g(2)-m checkpoint. We demonstrate here that aurora-a physically binds to and phosphorylates brca1. We propose that brca1 phosphorylation by aurora-a plays a role in g(2) to m transition of cell cycle" SIGNOR-123065 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257440 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 8755651 t scontino "Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DII), which catalyzes deiodination of thyroxine (T4) exclusively on the outer ring (5‚Äô-position) to yield T3" SIGNOR-268127 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT PGAM1 protein P18669 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser23 WNLENRFsGWYDADL 9606 BTO:0000130 12189148 t llicata "Activated pak1 inhibits glycolysis by association of its catalytic domain with pgam-b and subsequent phosphorylation of the enzyme on serine residues 23 and 118, thereby abolishing pgam activity." SIGNOR-91606 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr325 TELEPLCtPVVTCTP 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-251522 N-[4-[[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]thio]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91336 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258304 TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17700533 f miannu "Like p53, its homolog p73 transactivates proapoptotic genes and induces cell death." SIGNOR-256665 XL-647 chemical CID:10458325 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207860 CCT239065 chemical CID:44131523 PUBCHEM LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190910 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131568 RAD50 protein Q92878 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18854157 t gcesareni "One of the earliest events is recruitment and activation of the atm at the damaged dna sites through the mre11rad50nbs1 (mrn) sensor complex. . the mre11/rad50/nbs1 (mrn) complex maintains genomic stability by bridging dna ends and initiating dna damage signaling through activation of the atm kinase." SIGNOR-181634 UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT rRNA_transcription phenotype SIGNOR-PH145 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001412 7877691 t lperfetto "Rb specifically inhibits the activity of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF (upstream binding factor) in vitro. |These results indicate that there is an additional mechanism by which Rb suppresses cell growth, namely that Rb directly represses transcription of the rRNA genes." SIGNOR-262590 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT IMPDH1 protein P20839 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003291 18628958 t miannu "Here, we report that the majority of genes in human purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway were induced and directly bound by c-Myc in the P493-6 human Burkitt's lymphoma model cell line. The mRNA levels of IMPDH1 and IMPDH2, the rate-limiting enzyme in purine de novo synthesis, increased with MYC induction both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-267378 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14981546 f "FLT3-ITD signaling contributes to transcriptional inhibition of p27Kip1 and Bim gene expression" SIGNOR-261524 TH protein P07101 UNIPROT L-dopa smallmolecule CHEBI:15765 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Tyrosine produced in the liver is then transported by an active transport mechanism into the dopaminergic neurons within the brain. This is followed by the conversion of L-tyrosine into L-DOPA through hydroxylation at the phenol ring by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)." SIGNOR-263991 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser121 ESSDSGTsVSENRCH 9606 20708156 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by casein kinase i promotes the turnover of the mdm2 oncoprotein via the scf(beta-trcp) ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-167501 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser727 TIPSPVTsPVLSRRH -1 11328814 t miannu "Here we incubated a recombinant preparation of the phospholipase in vitro with several enzymes including protein kinase CK2 (CK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to identify effects that might be of regulatory importance in vivo.Major findings were that 1) CK2 phosphorylated the phospholipase on serines 93, 105, and 716; 2) ERK2 phosphorylated the enzyme on serine 730; 3) there was cross-antagonism between the reactions that phosphorylated serines 716 and 730; 4) PP2A selectively hydrolyzed phosphate groups that were esterified to serines 716 and 730. The results of two independent experiments with each type of assay indicated that the incubation caused a 50% loss of phospholipase activity (TableV). These results differed from those of corresponding incubation experiments with PA-PLA1α plus ERK2 and MgATP (see “Experimental Procedures”), which provided no evidence for complex formation or phosphorylation-dependent loss of phospholipase activity" SIGNOR-262972 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR BSG protein P35613 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28117675 t miannu "FBXO22 mediates poly-ubiquitination and degradation of CD147. Classically, F-box protein together with Skp1 and Cullin 1 constitute Skp-Cullin-F box ubiquitin E3 ligase (SCFs)" SIGNOR-272789 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT SMAD2/STAT3/EP300 complex SIGNOR-C203 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "Thus, pSmad2L (Ser255) forms complex with p300 and STAT3 to bind to the proximal promoter of the Rorc and Il17a genes." SIGNOR-255025 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr487 APAEDVDtPPRKKKR 9606 21659531 t lperfetto "Cdk1, which phosphorylates ezh2 at threonines 345 and 487.Phosphorylation of thr-345 and thr-487 promotes ezh2 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome" SIGNOR-174058 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 14701828 t lperfetto "Recently we have found that smurf1 mediates the protein degradation of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor runx2/cbfa1." SIGNOR-95233 SVIP protein Q8NHG7 UNIPROT L3MBTL1 protein Q9Y468 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29018219 t lperfetto "In response to DNA damage, VCP/p97, an ATPase which unfolds proteins, removes L3MBTL1 from H4K20me2, creating free H4K20me2 for 53BP1 to bind to (Fig. 3b)." SIGNOR-262060 "Obatoclax mesylate" chemical CID:46930996 PUBCHEM BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23515850 t lperfetto "Obatoclax and its predecessor analogs bind to BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-w, BCL-B, BFL-1, and MCL-1 in vitro" SIGNOR-262023 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28948618 t miannu "Skp2 induces ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cygb. To this end, we performed an in vivo ubiquitination assay in HEK293T cells by transfecting relevant plasmids as indicated. The V5-Skp2DN was generated by deleting the N-terminal residues from 1 to 153 containing the F-box domain, which is involved in recruiting Skp2 to the SCF complex." SIGNOR-272793 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 15809340 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated by cdk6 and cdk4, and subsequently by cdk2 at ser-567 in g1, thereby releasing e2f1 which is then able to activate cell growth. Here we show that although these cdks phosphorylate multiple residues in prb, they do so with different residue selectivities in vitro;thr821 and thr826 are preferentially phosphorylated by cdk6 and cdk4, respectively." SIGNOR-135189 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser240 RLSSLRAsTSKSESS -1 1985906 t miannu "The synthetic peptide AKRRRLSSLRASTSKSESSQK (S6-21) which corresponds to the carboxyl-terminal 21 amino acids of human ribosomal protein S6 was synthesized and tested as a substrate for S6/H4 kinase purified from human placenta. The principal phosphorylation sites were serines in the acidic carboxyl-terminal domain of the peptide." SIGNOR-250233 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23070005 t amattioni "Ligand-stimulated aggregation of receptor complexes causes recruitment of multiple traf2 trimers, which in turn leads to cIAP1 or cIAP2 dimerization." SIGNOR-199088 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001282 18718905 t miannu "These observations indicate that leptin stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 via LEPRb but independent of JAK2." SIGNOR-263492 LNPK protein Q9C0E8 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32433973 t miannu "We demonstrate that Lunapark interacts with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1), a central cellular regulator that coordinates growth and metabolism with environmental conditions. We show that mTORC1 binds Lunapark specifically at three-way junctions, and lysosomes, where mTORC1 is activated, make contact with three-way junctions where Lunapark resides." SIGNOR-272200 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT PITX1 protein P78337 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 19106114 t miannu "GNRH1 induces expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), which interacts with steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1) to regulate Lhb promoter activity." SIGNOR-254916 MARCHF8 protein Q5T0T0 UNIPROT SLC3A2 protein P08195 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 21757542 t miannu "Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MARCH8 directly ubiquitinates CD98, and this likely leads to its routing to late endosomes for degradation." SIGNOR-272755 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11085989 f miannu "We also show for the first time that leptin rapidly stimulates the mRNA expression of the zinc finger transcription factor, Egr-1, in the hypothalamus of mice. Our transfection results suggest that this regulation by leptin occurs by activation of theegr-1 promoter via activation of SHP-2 and of the ERK pathway. " SIGNOR-263507 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser36 RHDSGLDsMKDEEYE 11815618 t lperfetto "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation depends on phosphorylation and degradation of its inhibitor protein, IkapapB. The phosphorylation of I_Balpha on Ser32 and Ser36 is initiated by an IkapapB kinase (IKK) complex that includes a catalytic heterodimer composed of I_B kinase 1 (IKK-1) and IkapapB kinase 2 (IKK-2) as well as a regulatory adaptor subunit, NF-kappaB essential modulator." SIGNOR-249366 SOX5 protein P35711 UNIPROT COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10980415 f miannu "Since Sox9 also contains a potent transcription activation domain, it is a typical transcription factor. Two other members of the Sox family, L-Sox5 and Sox6, also bind to the 48-bp Col2a1 enhancer and together with Sox9 activate this enhancer as well as the endogenous Col2a1" SIGNOR-251759 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser714 EGVRNIKsMWEKGNV 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 20858431 t gcesareni "We investigated the effects of phosphorylation by p(21)-activated kinase 3 (pak) and calmodulin on the 22 kda c-terminal fragment of caldesmon (cad22). We substituted the major pak sites, ser-672 and ser-702, with either alanine or aspartic acid to mimic nonphosphorylated and constitutively phosphorylated states of caldesmon, respectively. Phosphorylation at these sites weakened ca(2+)-calmodulin binding further and reduced the inhibitory activity of cad22 in the absence of ca(2+)-calmodulin." SIGNOR-167976 "Obatoclax mesylate" chemical CID:46930996 PUBCHEM BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194952 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser324 RDLELPLsPSLLGGP 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-34653 Loratadine chemical CHEBI:6538 ChEBI SLC6A15 protein Q9H2J7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 25318072 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Loratadine, a clinically used histamine H1 receptor antagonist, was identified as a selective inhibitor of B0AT2. Our studies provide thefirst chemical tool for B0AT2." SIGNOR-261092 eplerenone chemical CHEBI:31547 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18038968 t Luana "Indeed, eplerenone, 1, also acts as a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and is used to treat numerous patients for hypertension and congestive heart failure." SIGNOR-257763 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr354 RKPANDItSQLEINF 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249247 PMCH protein P20382 UNIPROT MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 10471841 t gcesareni "Upon several purification steps, followed by mass spectrometric analysis and peptide sequencing, the ligand was identified as melanin concentrating hormone (mch), revealing that the orphan slc-1 is the mch receptor." SIGNOR-70520 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ITPKA protein P23677 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" -1 9374536 t lperfetto "In contrast, phosphorylation of the A isoform with PKC caused a significant decrease in activity whether assayed in the presence or absence of calcium/calmodulin (to _25% of the unphosphorylated enzyme activity)." SIGNOR-248991 ARHGAP9 protein Q9BRR9 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260464 everolimus chemical CHEBI:68478 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000848 20689758 t gcesareni "M14, m288, and skmel28 (sensitive and resistant) were exposed to rad001, an mtor inhibitor, and to ly294002, a pi3k inhibitor." SIGNOR-167402 MK-2206 chemical CHEBI:67271 ChEBI AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001286 21841310 t gcesareni "Treatment with the pi3k inhibitor ly294002 or the akt inhibitor mk2206 diminished s473 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-176043 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH7 protein Q9ULB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265847 "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR RNA_splicing phenotype SIGNOR-PH201 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30765414 f lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270676 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17396146 f lperfetto "These findings indicate that TAO kinases are regulators of p38-mediated responses to DNA damage and are intermediates in the activation of p38 by ATM." SIGNOR-226602 FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 2243140 t Regulation miannu "Fibrinogen y-chain carboxyterminal (GQQHHLGGAKQAGDV) peptides inhibit fibrinogen, fibronectin (Fn), vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to the platelet glycoprotein Ilb-Illa complex (GP lIbII1a)." SIGNOR-251970 PCBD1 protein P61457 UNIPROT FXYD2 protein P54710 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000482 24204001 f miannu "Overexpression in a human kidney cell line showed that wild-type PCBD1 binds HNF1B to costimulate the FXYD2 promoter, the activity of which is instrumental in Mg(2+) reabsorption in the DCT." SIGNOR-254908 SF3B3 protein Q15393 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270665 PTGER1 protein P34995 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257278 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr468 DSGISTDySSGDSQG 12441334 t "JAK2 in turn phosphorylates several tyrosine residues on the EpoR-cytosolic domain and probably on JAK2 itself that serve as docking sites for SH2 or protein tyrosine binding domains of downstream signal transduction proteins such as STAT5, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, and tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2" SIGNOR-251352 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT LSP1 protein P33241 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser204 KLIDRTEsLNRSIEK -1 8995217 t miannu "LSP1 is the major substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 in human neutrophils" SIGNOR-250147 "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269011 RPS21 protein P63220 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262429 motesanib chemical CHEBI:51098 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258251 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR VPS8 protein Q8N3P4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271194 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 11742987 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Both induction of MKP-1 expression and inhibition of its degradation are necessary for glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Erk-1/2 activation." SIGNOR-269898 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRM6 protein O15303 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate." SIGNOR-264076 2-hydroxyglutarate smallmolecule CHEBI:132941 ChEBI FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 33114536 f Luana "Moreover, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1), an enzyme involved in glutamine metabolism, exerts pro-inflammatory effects by producing 2-hydroxyglutarate, which hinders the expression of FOXP3 and thus blocks the formation of Tregs." SIGNOR-268042 fenoterol chemical CHEBI:149226 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Finally, comparisons of the rank order of ligands for the three different receptors provide information about relative intrinsic efficacies. Fenoterol is a full and efficacious agonist at the β1-adrenoceptor, ranking third out of the agonists studied. It was also a full agonist at the β2- and β3-adrenoceptors with the highest intrinsic efficacy (i.e. top of Tables 4 and ​and5,5, rank 1). " SIGNOR-257867 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18003659 t miannu "TGF-beta represses transcription of pulmonary surfactant protein-B gene in lung epithelial cells. Repression is mediated by SMAD3 through interactions with NKX2.1 and FOXA1, two key transcription factors that are positive regulators of SpB transcription. In this study, we found that SMAD3 interacts through its MAD domains, MH1 and MH2 with NKX2.1 and FOXA1 proteins. The sites of interaction on NKX2.1 are located within the NH2 and COOH domains, known to be involved in transactivation function." SIGNOR-254168 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000551 16407838 f miannu "Fhit inhibited activity of akt, a key effector in the phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase (pi3k) pathway;loss of endogenous fhit expression caused increased akt activity in vitro and in vivo, and overexpression of constitutively active akt inhibited fhit-induced apoptosis" SIGNOR-143700 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr454 PTPPHLKyLYLVVSD 12441334 t "JAK2 in turn phosphorylates several tyrosine residues on the EpoR-cytosolic domain and probably on JAK2 itself that serve as docking sites for SH2 or protein tyrosine binding domains of downstream signal transduction proteins such as STAT5, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, and tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2" SIGNOR-251350 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8639160 t gcesareni "We have described how the receptor uses several means to achieve repression of the genes regulated by AP-1 and NF-KB proteins" SIGNOR-251679 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 EPPSPPQsPRVEEAS 9606 8940068 t gcesareni "Sequential phosphorylation of hsf1 by mitogen-activated protein kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3 at ser-303 and ser-307 represses transcriptional activation by heat shock factor-1." SIGNOR-44999 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3" SIGNOR-66749 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "catalytic activity" 9606 27113762 t Monia "Here, we report that SIRT5 desuccinylates and deglutarylates isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), respectively, and thus activates both NADPH-producing enzymes." SIGNOR-261211 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 28163303 f apalma "During early stages of myogenesis, CIITA binds directly to myogenin (MYOG) and inactivates it, preventing MYOG-mediated induction of myogenic genes that are required for muscle differentiation and function" SIGNOR-255112 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10644769 f miannu "these results indicate a role for both NF-Y and Sp1 in the transcriptional activation of the MDR1 gene by genotoxic stress, and indicate that YB-1, if involved, is not sufficient to mediate this activation." SIGNOR-253872 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12766170 t "Grb2-associated binding (Gab) scaffolding/adapter proteins are a family of three members including mammalian Gab1, Gab2, and Gab3 that are highly conserved." lperfetto "The gab1 docking protein forms a platform for the assembly of a multiprotein signaling complex downstream from receptor tyrosine kinases. In general, recruitment of gab1 occurs indirectly, via the adapter protein grb2" SIGNOR-235917 EIF5B protein O60841 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 30211544 t lperfetto "eIF5B promotes ribosomal subunit joining, with the help of eIF1A. Upon subunit joining, eIF5B hydrolyzes GTP and is released together with eIF1A. We found that human eIF5 interacts with eIF5B and may help recruit eIF5B to the PIC." SIGNOR-269121 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7 sSAEGAAK 12213813 t lperfetto "HMGN1 (formerly known as HMG-14) phosphorylation at Ser6 occurs concomitantly with IE gene expression. | MSK2 seems to be the most important kinase responsible for this modification |Accordingly, it was suggested that HMGN1 phosphorylation reduces binding of the protein to the nucleosomes" SIGNOR-262988 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr284 CPGRDRRtEEENLRK 9606 20959462 t llicata "Importantly, the aurora b-mediated phosphorylation on ser(269) or thr(284) significantly compromises p53 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-168749 KATNAL2 protein Q8IYT4 UNIPROT TUBE1 protein Q9UJT0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0001363 29136647 t miannu "KATNAL2 does not sever microtubules composed of α- and β-tubulin but does interact with δ- and ε-tubulin" SIGNOR-267176 N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloroisoquinoline-8-sulfonamide chemical CHEBI:47322 ChEBI CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11524435 t amattioni "Cki-7, an inhibitor of ck1epsilon" SIGNOR-110053 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AZ1 protein P0C0S5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265408 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1254 TALYKSLsVPAASTA 9606 12582162 t llicata "Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the p38-activated kinase mk2 (also known as mapkapk2) is directly responsible for the phosphorylation of ser(1210)." SIGNOR-98201 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15514113 f miannu "We previously demonstrated that serum response factor (SRF), a critical smooth muscle transcription factor, is highly expressed in LAM cells. Here we show that a high SRF level alters the plasminogen (Plg) system. Specifically, overexpression of SRF in human lung fibroblasts upregulated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its substrate Plg, whereas it downregulated plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1." SIGNOR-255226 EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 7982920 f gcesareni "In keeping with the above observations, activation of eck by its ligand, b61, increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity" SIGNOR-35418 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser855 EPMRRSVsEAALAQP 9606 9636039 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of bovine hormone-sensitive lipase by the amp-activated protein kinase." SIGNOR-58251 CPS1 protein P31327 UNIPROT "Pyrimidine biosynthesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH187 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 15096496 f "CPSase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and, as discussed below, controls the flux through the pathway" SIGNOR-267195 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser274 DPLPGPGsPSHSAPD 10116 18762583 t Giulio "Supporting the conclusion that phosphorylation of GRASP65 at Ser277 by ERK is critical for Golgi polarization. We have demonstrated a closely integrated mechanism in which Golgi remodeling by phosphorylation of GRASP65 acts as a negative regulator of Golgi and, surprisingly, centrosome orientation. Our data indicate that ERK phosphorylates GRASP65 in interphase cells, resulting in the loss of GRASP65 oligomerization and causing subsequent Golgi cisternal unstacking." SIGNOR-260605 USP13 protein Q92995 UNIPROT UBL4A protein P11441 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination Lys48 QRLLFKGkALADGKR 9606 BTO:0000007 24424410 t miannu "USP13 and gp78 control ubiquitination of Ubl4A.These data suggest that USP13 and gp78 play antagonizing roles in regulation of Ubl4A ubiquitination: While gp78 assembles ubiquitin chains on Ubl4A, USP13 antagonizes this activity to limit Ubl4A ubiquitination.Ubiquitination of Ubl4A preferentially occurs on Lys48. We identify the Bag6 cofactor Ubl4A as a shared substrate of gp78 and USP13. USP13 depletion is associated with hyper-ubiquitination of Ubl4A and altered interaction between the Bag6 complex and its co-chaperone SGTA. Because the interaction of Ubl4A with SGTA is mediated by positively-charged residues in Ubl4A including Lys48 (Chartron et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2012), which happens to be the major ubiquitination site, the simplest model to explain reduced Bag6-SGTA interaction in USP13 knockdown cells is that ubiquitin conjugates on Ubl4A sterically hinder SGTA binding." SIGNOR-272857 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser659 FHGAEVYsDSEDDVL 9606 19236849 t llicata "We demonstrate that sirt1 is a substrate for protein kinase ck2 both in vitro and in vivo. Both, deletion construct analyses and serine-to-alanine mutations identified sirt1 ser-659 and ser-661 as major ck2 phosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated in vivo as well." SIGNOR-184151 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr443 REHPYGRy 9606 BTO:0000567 16179349 t lperfetto "We show that BRK phosphorylates Sam68 on all three tyrosines in the nuclear localization signal." SIGNOR-249292 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI PI4K2A protein Q9BTU6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21704602 t Luana "Both PI4K2A and PI4K2B were inhibited by adenosine at concentrations that do not significantly inhibit PI4KA and PI4KB actitvity" SIGNOR-258317 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258990 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21078818 t gcesareni "Ligands such as wnt1, wnt3a, and wnt8 couple the seventransmembrane domain receptor frizzled (fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (lrp5/6) to activate wnt?Beta-catenin signaling.All the frizzled genes studied have" SIGNOR-169660 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr783 PLYKSAItTTINPRF 10090 BTO:0001825 12682249 t lperfetto "Beta7 subunit is phosphorylated even in unstimulated TK-1 cells. Activation of TK-1 cells with anti-CD3 (Fig. 5_A) and PDBu (Fig. 5_B) increased the phosphorylation 15€“20%. | The result shows that the fourth amino acid of the tryptic peptide was phosphorylated. This phosphorylated threonine residue is most likely the first threonine (Thr782) of threonine triplet (Thr782€“784)." SIGNOR-249205 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25510553 t miannu "FoxO1, which is up-regulated during early stages of diet-induced leptin resistance, directly interacts with STAT3 and prevents STAT3 from binding to specificity protein 1 (SP1)-pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) promoter complex, and thereby inhibits STAT3-mediated regulation of POMC transcription." SIGNOR-263496 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser742 QQIINQIsKLHAIID 9606 18680479 t gcesareni "We have identified 16 sites of mps1 autophosphorylation in vitro, several of which are required for catalytic activity after expression in bacteria or in cultured human cells." SIGNOR-179900 "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR Protein_glycosylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH144 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272055 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17681149 f lperfetto "This mechanism is mainly operative in native monocytes that, in the presence of an appropriate M2 stimulus such as IL-4, can be primed by PPARg ligands to an enhanced M2 phenotype." SIGNOR-249542 CKB protein P12277 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000099 19333390 t miannu "In summary, data presented here strongly suggest that locally generated ATP is an important regulator for actin-based cytoskeletal dynamics involved in cell extension and motility and that CK-B is a controlling enzyme in the compartmentalization of ATP availability. CK-B co-localizes with cortical actin and facilitates spreading of astrocytes" SIGNOR-265791 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT FZD7 protein O75084 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 t gcesareni "Analysis of the expression of the fzd receptors during somitogenesis demonstrated that fzd7 is expressed in the hypaxial region of the somite, suggesting an interaction with wnt7a." SIGNOR-198919 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DCLRE1C protein Q96SD1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser645 NLSTNADsQSSSDFE 9606 16874298 t lperfetto "The artemis nuclease is defective in radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency patients and is required for the repair of a subset of ionising radiation induced dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) in an atm and dna-pk dependent process. Here, we show that artemis phosphorylation by atm and dna-pk in vitro is primarily attributable to s503, s516 and s645 and demonstrate atm dependent phosphorylation at serine 645 in vivo" SIGNOR-148323 8-(4-dibenzothiophenyl)-2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one chemical CHEBI:91361 ChEBI PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194865 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258543 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser558 VPTYESAsIRRFQEG 9606 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "Protein kinase c isoforms differentially phosphorylate human choline acetyltransferase regulating its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-129288 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT PTGES protein O14684 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21983014 f "In conclusion we demonstrated that treatment of HeLa cells with DMC leads to an enhanced formation of a complex consisting of NF-κB and HDAC1 that binds to the EGR1 promoter resulting in downregulation of EGR1 expression which plays a major role for transcriptional inhibition of mGPES-1 expression.|EGR1 downregulation seems to be the major effect of DMC leading to transcriptional inhibition of mPGES-1" SIGNOR-254249 Quazepam chemical CHEBI:8694 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The BZ-sensitive GABAA-Rs can be further subdivided, in that receptors containing the alpha1 subunit have a higher sensitivity to a subpopulation of BZ site ligands, the benzodiazepines quazepam and cinolazepam (Sieghart, 1989) or nonbenzodiazepines such as zolpidem (an imidazopyridine) and a few others, including CL218-872 (triazolopyridazine), zaleplon, and indiplon, and abecarnil (β-carboline), (Olsen and Gordey, 2000; Korpi et al., 2002; Sieghart and Ernst, 2005)." SIGNOR-263800 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 QQQSYLDsGIHSGAT 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 t lperfetto "This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-227885 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ACO1 protein P21399 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser711 REFNSYGsRRGNDAV 9606 BTO:0000671 15636585 t gcesareni "Irp1 ser-711 is a phosphorylation site, critical for regulation of rna-binding and aconitase activities." SIGNOR-133188 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 15356291 f miannu "Mutation analysis indicated that the MEF2 site contributed to the activation of the CPT1beta promoter by PPAR in C2C12 cells. The reporter construct containing the PPRE and the MEF2C site was synergistically activated by co-expression of PPAR, retinoid X receptor (RXR) and MEF2C in non-muscle cells. Moreover, protein-binding assays demonstrated that MEF2C and PPAR specifically bound to one another in vitro. Also for the synergistic activation of the CPT1beta gene promoter by MEF2C and PPARalpha-RXRalpha, a precise arrangement of its binding sites was essential." SIGNOR-254581 N protein P59595 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000763 18055455 t miannu "In this study, we demonstrate that SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) protein potentiates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 but attenuates Smad3/Smad4-mediated apoptosis of human peripheral lung epithelial HPL1 cells. The promoting effect of N protein on the transcriptional responses of TGF-beta is Smad3-specific. N protein associates with Smad3 and promotes Smad3-p300 complex formation while it interferes with the complex formation between Smad3 and Smad4. These findings provide evidence of a novel mechanism whereby N protein modulates TGF-beta signaling to block apoptosis of SARS-CoV-infected host cells and meanwhile promote tissue fibrosis." SIGNOR-260427 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1668 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248772 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 23086937 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO44 mediates BRCA1 ubiquitination and degradation. The Skp1-Cul1-F-box-protein44 (SCF(FBXO44)) complex ubiquitinates full-length BRCA1 in vitro." SIGNOR-272039 ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21399626 t lperfetto "Atp promotes dephosphorylation of catalytic subunit, rendering the ampk enzyme inactive" SIGNOR-217481 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PPCDC protein Q96CD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271251 "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR FGB protein P02675 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 16418530 t lperfetto "In response to agonist stimulation, the αIIbβ3 integrin on platelets is converted to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation." SIGNOR-253361 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 9727491 t gcesareni "Casp8 can activate downstream caspases like caspase-6, and caspase-7 by directly cleaving them." SIGNOR-59857 SNRNP200 protein O75643 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270624 FKBP8 protein Q14318 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17991864 t gcesareni "Fkbp38 binds to mtor and inhibits its activity in a manner similar to that of the fkbp12-rapamycin complex." SIGNOR-159013 CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 22869609 t lperfetto "Previous studies have indicated that CRHR could couple to multiple Galpha proteins including Gs, Gi, and Gq/11 and then go on to induce changes in AC activity and activation of PLC-beta3" SIGNOR-268618 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30455429 t miannu "We showed that p53 directly bound the promoter of NR4A3 gene and induced its transcription. p53 transactivates the NR4A3 promoter in H1299 cells." SIGNOR-256200 TAF8 protein Q7Z7C8 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269573 HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257294 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 12270934 f lperfetto "We further show that activation of mek1 significantly enhances the transactivation of the c/ebpalpha minimal promoter during the early phase of the differentiation process." SIGNOR-244773 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17292828 t amattioni "Mk2 was required for the degradation of cdc25a. Mk2 phosphorylates cdc25a in vitro. Phosphorylation of cdc25a in vivo has been shown to facilitate its ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis" SIGNOR-152996 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 17442268 t miannu "Chfr, a mitotic stress checkpoint, plays an important role in cell cycle progression, tumor suppression and the processes that require the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity mediated by the RING finger domain. Chfr stimulates the formation of polyubiquitin chains by ub-conjugating enzymes, and induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of a number of cellular proteins including Plk1 and Aurora A." SIGNOR-271463 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AKAP13 protein Q12802 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1565 LSPFRRHsWGPGKNA 9606 15229649 t llicata "Elevation of the cellular concentration of camp activates the pka holoenzyme anchored to akap-lbc, which phosphorylates the anchoring protein on the serine 1565. This phosphorylation event induces the recruitment of 14-3-3, which inhibits the rho-gef activity of akap-lbc." SIGNOR-126723 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr248 EESEDPDyYQYNIQA 10090 BTO:0000944 11313464 t lperfetto "Jak2 activates tfii-i and regulates its interaction with extracellular signal-regulated kinase the interaction between tfii-i and erk, which is essential for its activity, can be regulated by jak2 through phosphorylation of tfii-i at tyrosine 248" SIGNOR-235313 BZW2 protein Q9Y6E2 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31643092 f miannu "WB showed that BZW2 silence significantly decreased p‐ERK protein level in Colo205 cells, whereas BZW2 overexpression upregulated p‐ERK protein expression in HCT116 cells (Figure 3a,b)" SIGNOR-261219 FOXH1 protein O75593 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001538 9858566 t lperfetto "FAST-2 also interacts directly with Smad2, a cytoplasmic protein which is translocated to the nucleus in response to TGF-beta, and forms a multimeric complex with Smad2 and Smad4 on the activin response element, a high-affinity binding site for FAST-1." SIGNOR-108333 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Arg-tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:18366 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270366 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr305 TDAATMKtFCGTPEY 10090 15367694 t "Protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates insulin's metabolic signaling pathway by inhibiting Akt (protein kinase B) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" SIGNOR-248654 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT STMN3 protein Q9NZ72 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser68 PSDLSPEsPMLSSPP -1 22577147 t lperfetto "Altogether, these results indicate that CDK5 phosphorylates similarly serines 68 and 73, whereas ERK2 targets mostly serine 68 and GSK-3beta mostly serine 60.|This observation may support the hypothesis of a specific localization of stathmin 3 depending on its phosphorylation by GSK-3beta" SIGNOR-264893 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17785433 t "inferred from family member" "Here, using the P493-6 Burkitt's lymphoma model with an inducible MYC, we demonstrate that HIF-1 cooperates with dysregulated c-Myc to promote glycolysis by induction of hexokinase 2, which catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, which inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase and diminishes mitochondrial respiration." SIGNOR-270270 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser213 QNIPAHYsPRTSPIM 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248685 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD1 protein P21728 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257477 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates BTO:0004300 29205155 f areggio "Molecularly, Gli2 is the principle transcription factor in the Gli family to mediate the anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects of Hh signaling" SIGNOR-256224 E protein P59637 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000661 16048439 f Luana "Overexpression of SARS-CoV E protein in T-cells promoted apoptosis" SIGNOR-260208 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257091 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr470 LYGSAPRtPSKRRGL 9885575 t llicata "We have shown that PRC1 is a good in vitro substrate for several CDKs, and that it is also phosphorylated in a cell cycle–dependent manner in vivo at Thr-481 (major mitosis. and Thr-470 (minor site), which are the in vitro phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-250745 FASTKD5 protein Q7L8L6 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25683715 f miannu "DHX30, DDX28, FASTKD2, and FASTKD5 Are Bona Fide RNA Granule Proteins. FASTKD5 siRNA treatment caused a reduction of all RNA granule proteins, along with MRPS18B, a protein of the mt-SSU." SIGNOR-261226 (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI dihydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57451 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21876188 t lperfetto "In this pathway, 5,10-methyleneTHF, a one-carbon donor, is generated from serine by SHMT and used for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in a reaction catalyzed by TYMS. The TYMS-catalyzed reaction generates dihydrofolate, which is converted to THF in an NADPH-dependent manner by DHFR." SIGNOR-268233 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257679 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser55 QCGHRYCsFCLASIL 9606 BTO:0000785 19336568 t llicata "Here, we report that protein kinase czeta phosphorylates traf2 at ser(55), within the ring domain of the protein, after tnfalpha stimulation" SIGNOR-184941 8a protein Q7TFA0 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001950 17597455 f Luana "Open Reading Frame 8a of the Human Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Not Only Promotes Viral Replication but Also Induces Apoptosis" SIGNOR-260206 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC11 protein P0C0S8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265403 KMT2C protein Q8NEZ4 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30385408 t miannu "MLL3 enhances the transcription of PD-L1 and regulates anti-tumor immunity. We found that MLL3 bound to the enhancer of PD-L1." SIGNOR-260040 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004052 23996074 t irozzo "In this work, we have identified and mapped the protein-protein interaction site between DOT1L and MLL fusion proteins, AF9 and ENL. The MLL fusion proteins, AF9 and ENL, activate target genes in part via recruitment of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like). It is known that the recruitment of DOT1L results in hypermethylation of H3K79 on the prominent MLL fusion downstream target loci Hoxa9 and Meis1" SIGNOR-255870 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser168 YREPLCLsPASSGSS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248364 NFKBIE protein O00221 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 12835716 t lperfetto "Nf-kb is normally sequestered in the cell cytoplasm by binding to ikbx, ikbb, ikbe" SIGNOR-217361 GLI1/GLI2 complex SIGNOR-C450 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000304 32766732 t "GLI2 and GLI1 heterodimerize via the Zn-finger domain" SimoneGraziosi "GLI1 and GLI2 were shown to co-immunoprecipitate in PANC1 pancreatic cancer cells and RMS13 rhabdomyosarcoma cells.|Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GLI1 and GLI2 occupied the same regions at the BCL2, MYCN and CCND1 promoters. Furthermore, depletion of GLI1 inhibited GLI2 occupancy at these promoters, suggesting that GLI1/GLI2 interaction is required for the recruitment of GLI2 to these sites. | RNAi knockdown of either GLI1 or GLI2 inhibited expression of many well-characterized GLI target genes (BCL2, MYCN, PTCH2, IL7 and CCND1) in PANC1 cells" SIGNOR-269211 PDLIM2 protein Q96JY6 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17468759 t miannu "Here we report that PDLIM2 negatively regulated NF-kappaB activity, acting as a nuclear ubiquitin E3 ligase targeting the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. PDLIM2 bound to p65 and promoted p65 polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-271651 APC2 protein O95996 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 9601641 t lperfetto "Human axin (haxin) binds directly to beta-catenin, gsk3 beta, and apc in vitro, and the endogenous proteins are found in a complex in cells." SIGNOR-227945 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT PXDN protein Q92626 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0000007" 29953917 t miannu "PXDN expression in response to H2O2 and the Nrf2-specific inducers, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and sulforaphane (SFN), was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, in HeLa and HEK293 cells.We found that Nrf2 binds to and increases luciferase reporter gene expression from the PXDN promoter via a putative Nrf2-binding site. In summary, we show that PXDN is a novel target of the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2." SIGNOR-265248 "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269017 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NPHP1 protein O15259 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser123 EEEEESEsEDSEDSG 9606 16308564 t lperfetto "Casein kinase 2 (ck2)-mediated phosphorylation of three critical serine residues within a cluster of acidic amino acids in nephrocystin mediates pacs-1 binding, and is essential for colocalization of nephrocystin with pacs-1 at the base of cilia. Inhibition of ck2 activity abrogates this interaction and results in the loss of correct nephrocystin targeting." SIGNOR-142347 PRPF19 protein Q9UMS4 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 24332808 t miannu "PRP19 is a ubiquitin ligase involved in pre-mRNA splicing and the DNA damage response (DDR). PRP19 ubiquitylates RPA and promotes ATRIP recruitment." SIGNOR-272075 BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21673106 f gcesareni "These results demonstrate that mrtf-a is essential for the bmp4-mediated induction of pri-mir-143/145 and mature mir-143/145, whereas tgf- -mediated induction of mir-143/145 requires myocd. Mrtf-a is primarily localized in the cytoplasm in unstimulated cells;upon stimulation with bmp4, mrtf-a translocates into the nucleus to promote changes in gene expression." SIGNOR-174124 CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 15657060 t lperfetto "Following autoprocessing in the apoptosome, caspase-9 cleaves and activates caspase-3." SIGNOR-133267 BLOC1S6 protein Q9UL45 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002946 22203680 t lperfetto "We show that BLOC-1 is an elongated complex that contains one copy each of the eight subunits pallidin, Cappuccino, dysbindin, Snapin, Muted, BLOS1, BLOS2, and BLOS3. The complex appears as a linear chain of eight globular domains, ∼300 A long and ∼30 A in diameter." SIGNOR-265931 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser24 APIRRRSsNYRAYAT 9606 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134644 XL765 chemical CHEBI:71958 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207875 POLD4 protein Q9HCU8 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase delta" complex SIGNOR-C376 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 12403614 t lperfetto "Reconstitution and characterization of the human DNA polymerase delta four-subunit holoenzyme." SIGNOR-265517 GATOR1 complex SIGNOR-C192 SIGNOR RRAGA protein Q7L523 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" -1 23723238 t "GATOR1 has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity for RagA and RagB, and its components are mutated in human cancer." SIGNOR-253562 PCM1 protein Q15154 UNIPROT CETN1 protein Q12798 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12403812 t miannu "Rna silencing of pcm-1 leads to reduced assembly of centrin, pericentrin, and ninein at the centrosome" SIGNOR-94947 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001253 12107827 f gcesareni "Addition of jag-1 peptide induced ikkalpha mediated nf-kappab activation, as well as increased ppargamma expression." SIGNOR-90455 genistein chemical CHEBI:28088 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258599 panobinostat chemical CHEBI:85990 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257756 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGB7 protein Q9Y5F8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265689 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT IL1RAP protein Q9NPH3 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9820540 t gcesareni "The recently described il-1r accessory protein (il-1r acp) interacts with il-1beta and the il-1 type-ir (il-1ri)." SIGNOR-61744 Anacetrapib chemical CID:11556427 PUBCHEM CETP protein P11597 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189605 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14638857 t gcesareni "Nicd and smad3 were shown to interact directly, both in vitro and in cells, in a ligand-dependent manner, and smad3 could be recruited to csl-binding sites on dna in the presence of csl and nicd" SIGNOR-119374 GTP smallmolecule CHEBI:15996 ChEBI "Translation release factor ERF1-ERF3" complex SIGNOR-C494 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29735640 t miannu "Termination of mRNA translation occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome, and in eukaryotes is mediated by release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a ternary eRF1/eRF3-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) complex." SIGNOR-275394 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 16000336 f lperfetto "The increased concentration of neuronal alpha-synuclein and pigment in normal A9 neurons may already predispose these neurons to precipitate alpha-synuclein around pigment-associated lipid under oxidative conditions." SIGNOR-249699 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0002419 14633703 t "Here, we identify PP1 as a serine/threonine phosphatase that associates with and dephosphorylates AKT in breast cancer cells|The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin and the ErbB inhibitor ZD1839 promote rapid PP1 phosphatase-dependent inactivation of AKT in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-248559 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176809 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NOXO1 protein Q8NFA2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr346 AIQSRCCtVTRRALE 9606 23957209 t llicata "Phosphorylation of thr341 allows noxo1 to sufficiently interact with noxa1, an interaction that participates in nox1 activation." SIGNOR-202482 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18298802 t miannu " An in vivo ubiquitination assay was done to reveal that E6AP promoted the ubiquitination of TSC2 independent of HPV16 E6. We further found that TSC2 bound E6AP in the presence as well as in the absence of HPV16 E6. The binding regions on E6AP and TSC2 have been identified as amino acid (aa) 260-316, aa 428-500 and aa 1-175, aa 1251-1807, respectively. Taken together, degradation of TSC2 is mediated by E6AP ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-271396 WDR5 protein P61964 UNIPROT HMT complex SIGNOR-C19 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17500065 t lperfetto "The evolutionarily conserved hdpy-30, ash2l, rbbp5, and wdr5 likely constitute a subcomplex that is shared by all human set1-like hmt complexes." SIGNOR-154766 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser287 EPLSPVSsLQASVPG 9606 16027724 t miannu "ERK2, p38alpha and GSK-3beta can phosphorylate Cdx2 in vitro and that the 4S motif is required for phosphorylation by GSK-3beta and p38alpha|Phosphorylation of the homeotic tumor suppressor Cdx2 mediates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation" SIGNOR-250093 tibolone chemical CHEBI:32223 ChEBI PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19464167 t Luana "In this study, we have assessed the potential hormonal profile of tibolone and its primary metabolites on all human steroid receptors (PR, AR, GR, MR, ERα and ERβ) using HeLa or PC3 cells stably transfected with a given receptor and a luciferase reporter gene. We show that tibolone and its ∆ 4 -isomer predominantly bind and activate PR and AR whereas 3α and 3β-OH-tibolone predominantly bind and activate ERα (Table 1)." SIGNOR-257822 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 11988172 f miannu "Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated channels initiates the exocytotic fusion of synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-264355 BBOX1 protein O75936 UNIPROT 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate smallmolecule CHEBI:16244 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "In the last step, butyrobetaine is hydroxylated on the 3-position by γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBD; EC 1.14.11.1) to yield carnitine." SIGNOR-269697 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11390662 t gcesareni "Maml1 binds to the ankyrin repeat domain of all four mammalian notch receptors, forms a dna-binding complex with icn and rbp-jkappa, and amplifies notch-induced transcription of hes1.Maml1 functions as a transcriptional co-activator for notch signalling." SIGNOR-86117 MAP1LC3C protein Q9BXW4 UNIPROT WDFY3 protein Q8IZQ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24668264 t miannu "Here, we show that ALFY binds selectively to LC3C and the GABARAPs through a LIR in its WD40 domain. Binding of ALFY to GABARAP is indispensable for its recruitment to LC3B-positive structures and, thus, for the clearance of certain p62 structures by autophagy." SIGNOR-266795 TTC19 protein Q6DKK2 UNIPROT CHMP4B protein Q9H444 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C379 20208530 t miannu "We show that PtdIns(3)P localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis and recruits a centrosomal protein, FYVE-CENT (ZFYVE26), and its binding partner TTC19, which in turn interacts with CHMP4B, an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III subunit implicated in the abscission step of cytokinesis. On the basis of these data and the high-content microscopy described above, we propose that PtdIns(3)P controls the KIF13A-dependent recruitment of FYVE-CENT and TTC19 to the midbody, and that TTC19 is the most downstream effector of the three, possibly controlling the function of CHMP4B." SIGNOR-265541 3b protein P59633 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 21561061 f Luana "3b Augments c-Fos Levels by Activating the ERK Pathway. | An increase of∼2.0-fold inphospho ERK (Thr-202/Tyr-204) levels in 3b-expressing Huh7cells as compared to GFP-transfected control cells (Figure 4a)was observed. This increase in phospho ERK levels was also" SIGNOR-260763 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Glu-tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29157 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269509 GRM4 protein Q14833 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264082 FBXW2 protein Q9UKT8 UNIPROT MSX2 protein P35548 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31548378 t miannu " Mechanistic studies revealed that MSX2 is a new substrate of SCFFBXW2 E3 ubiquitin ligase.  Taken together, our combined results showed that MSX2 is a substrate of the SCFFBXW2 E3 ligase, which ubiquitylates it and targets it for proteasome degradation." SIGNOR-272259 CYP21A2 protein P08686 UNIPROT 11-deoxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16973 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 25855791 t lperfetto "Cytochrome P450 (P450)4 21A2 is the major steroid 21-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-OH-progesterone) to form 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively" SIGNOR-268645 sapitinib chemical CHEBI:132986 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190152 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser363 TSRTPKDsPGIPPSA 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252754 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ -1 8999860 t miannu "Muscle phosphorylase kinase phosphorylates Ser237, Ser262, Ser285, Ser305, and Ser352 of human tau. in vitro phosphorylation of tau on Ser262 alone strongly reduced the ability of tau to bind microtubules whereas the phosphorylation of many Ser/Thr-Pro motif sites of tau showed moderate effects on the binding of tau to microtubules" SIGNOR-250284 glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [‚Ķ] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267397 MCM10 protein Q7L590 UNIPROT RECQL4 protein O94761 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 19696745 t miannu "Mcm10 inhibits recq4 helicase activity." SIGNOR-187701 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser123 EEGFGSSsPVKSPAA 9606 16085715 t gcesareni "We show that phosphorylation of S123 (pS123) by CDK promoted the binding of Wee1A to beta-TrCP through three independent mechanisms. The pS123 not only directly interacted with basic residues in the WD40 repeat domain of beta-TrCP but also primed phosphorylation by two independent protein kinases, Plk1 and CK2 (formerly casein kinase 2)" SIGNOR-139465 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr102 RAAMFPEtLDEGMQI 9606 BTO:0000007 12432063 t llicata "We show that CKII phosphorylates the N-terminal region of beta-catenin and we identified Ser29, Thr102, and Thr112 as substrates for the enzyme. We provide evidence that CKII regulates the cytoplasmic stability of beta-catenin and acts synergistically with GSK-3beta in the multi-protein complex that controls the degradation of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-250847 MEAF6 protein Q9HAF1 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269301 HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 21261500 f miannu "HOXA9/HOXA10 activated expression of NMYC which in turn mediated MEF2C repression, indicating an indirect mode of regulation via NMYC interactor (NMI) and STAT5." SIGNOR-254215 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258763 FBXO2 protein Q9UK22 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23604317 t miannu " FBXL2 interacts with the pool of p85β that is free of p110 PI(3)K catalytic subunits and targets this pool for ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-271936 LMP1 protein P03230 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 26428373 f scontino "AP1 is a dimeric transcription factor composed of members of the Jun and Fos protooncoprotein families. AP1 was found induced by LMP1 through the JNK signaling cascade, involving JNK1-mediated phosphorylation and activation of c-Jun. JNK1 activation critically relies on CTAR2 and its P379VQLSYY motif. It has long been unclear which signaling mediators at CTAR2 are involved in JNK activation." SIGNOR-267617 N protein P59595 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9534 15294014 f Luana "Furthermore, N expression up-regulated the activity of stress-activated protein kinases, namely the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways." SIGNOR-261131 3b protein P59633 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 21561061 f Luana "An enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and MEK4 was observed in cells expressing 3b ascompared to control cells expressing GFP" SIGNOR-260760 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 HQLFRGFsFVATGLM 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252748 metaproterenol chemical CHEBI:6792 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257875 AT9283 chemical CID:11696609 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190011 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT RNF2 protein Q99496 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17296600 t miannu "BcoR and Fbxl10/Jhdm1B are among the most abundant Ring1B/Rnf2 interactors identified with the highest confidence, and their association has been validated by coimmunoprecipitation studies; hence we call this the Fbxl10-BcoR complex. In summary, we have widened the set of multiprotein complexes containing the Polycomb group protein Ring1B/Rnf2. The new interactors contain protein motifs whose enzymatic activities and binding properties would expand the regulatory potential and gene target diversity of Ring1B/Rnf2 complexes in terms of recruitment to and modification of chromatin" SIGNOR-252241 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT DENND3 protein A2RUS2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser472 THRRMVVsMPNLQDI 9606 25925668 t lperfetto "ULK-mediated phosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DENND3 at serines 554 and 572 upregulates its GEF activity toward the small GTPase Rab12." SIGNOR-264730 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252523 N protein P59595 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9534 BTO:0000298 15294014 f Luana "Furthermore, N expression up-regulated the activity of stress-activated protein kinases, namely the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways." SIGNOR-261132 3a protein P59632 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001950 18632968 f Luana "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3a Protein Activates the Mitochondrial Death Pathway Through p38 MAP Kinase Activation" SIGNOR-260193 7a protein P59635 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 16378980 f Luana "While there is a low level of activated p38 normally found in 293T cells, expression of 7a-protein stimulated larger amounts of activated p38 during the 24-h time course. " SIGNOR-260754 E protein P59637 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000763 25122212 f Luana "Interestingly, an increase in p38 MAPK activation was observed during infection with viruses containing E protein PBM, similarly to what was observed in the lungs of SARS-CoV-infected mice. These results indicated that the E protein PBM is involved in p38 MAPK activation in response to SARS-CoV infection." SIGNOR-260751 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9606 BTO:0000007 20048145 t lperfetto "Herein, we demonstrate that the n-terminal kinase domain (ntk) of rsk1 is necessary for interactions with pkarialpha. Substitution of the activation loop phosphorylation site (ser-221) in the ntk with the negatively charged asp residue abrogated the association between rsk1 and pkarialpha." SIGNOR-162681 KAT6A protein Q92794 UNIPROT KAT6A/PML complex SIGNOR-C55 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 23431171 t miannu "We show here that moz is an acetyltransferase of p53 at k120 and k382 and colocalizes with p53 in promyelocytic leukemia (pml) nuclear bodies following cellular stress. The moz-pml-p53 interaction enhances moz-mediated acetylation of p53, and this ternary complex enhances p53-dependent p21 expression" SIGNOR-201478 PGAM1 protein P18669 UNIPROT 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266511 TP53INP2 protein Q8IXH6 UNIPROT MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19056683 t gcesareni "Tp53inp2 is a scaffold protein that recruits lc3 and/or lc3-related proteins to the autophagosome membrane by interacting with the transmembrane protein vmp1" SIGNOR-182614 CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT ZBTB33 protein Q86T24 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23481205 f gcesareni "Nuclear signaling is affected by the interaction ofp120with kaiso, a transcription factor regulatingwnt-responsive genes. in addition, p120 cytoplasmic localization results in sequestration of kaiso in the cytoplasm and its inactivation" SIGNOR-192369 CCR3 protein P51677 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000399 10706854 t "Activation of ERK2 and p38 by eotaxin is mediated through CCR3." SIGNOR-256093 desloratadine chemical CHEBI:291342 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257784 ibrutinib chemical CHEBI:76612 ChEBI BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189641 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "SL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C464 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 16055704 f lperfetto "PTEN represses RNA Polymerase I transcription by disrupting the SL1 complex" SIGNOR-269645 RAB1A protein P62820 UNIPROT USO1 protein O60763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10903204 t Giulio "Here, the tethering factor p115 was shown to be a Rab1 effector that binds directly to activated Rab1." SIGNOR-261287 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MDC1 protein Q14676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr301 PPGEDSDtDVDDDSR 9606 18678890 t gcesareni "The mdc1-nbs1 interaction occurs through a specific region (residues 200-420) of mdc1, which contains multiple consensus casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-179883 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser61 PLSTPCSsVPSSPSF 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159462 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C7 17964260 t lperfetto "Akt1 and 2 promote the association of myod with p300 and pcaf acetyltransferases, via direct phosphorylation of p300." SIGNOR-244239 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT TAB3 protein Q8N5C8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205461 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT ARHGEF1 protein Q92888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr738 WDQEAQIyELVAQTV 9606 20098430 t gcesareni "We found that angiotensin ii activates arhgef1 through a previously undescribed mechanism in which jak2 phosphorylates tyr738 of arhgef1" SIGNOR-163557 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 inhibited foxo3's ability to induce cell death." SIGNOR-256662 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1039 HSQLSDLyGKFSFKS -1 11024032 t "Tyr-932, Tyr-1039, Tyr-1070, Tyr-1109, Tyr-1252, Tyr-1336, and Tyr-1472 are Fyn-mediated phosphorylation sites in GluRε2 in vitro." SIGNOR-251169 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12468433 f "We have also found SOCS2 and SOCS3 specifically induced in 32D/Flt3-ITD, both of which are STAT3/5 target genes and known negative regulators of receptor signaling" SIGNOR-261546 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20974802 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6." SIGNOR-270024 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000891 10929712 t amattioni "Diablo may promote apoptosis by binding to iaps and preventing them from inhibiting caspases." SIGNOR-80225 M protein P59596 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0005029 25271362 f Luana "Consistent with our previous result, we detected a reduced phosphorylated PKB/Akt level and diminished PKB/Akt activity in mammalian cells expressing M-protein." SIGNOR-260200 Macrophage_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH126 SIGNOR CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 10090 32283152 f miannu "The rapid replication of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice induces the delayed release of IFN-α/β, which is accompanied by the influx of many pathogenic inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The accumulated mononuclear macrophages receive activating signals through the IFN-α/β receptors on their surface and produce more monocyte chemoattractants (such as CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12), resulting in the further accumulation of mononuclear macrophages." SIGNOR-260962 EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16923394 f miannu "Impairing Egr-2 or Nab-2 induction resulted in sustained expression of Gfi-1, demonstrating that Egr-2 and Nab-2 negatively regulate Gfi-1 expression . Importantly, the Gfi-1 promoter was repressed via the Egr site by coexpression of Egr-2 and Nab-2. Thus, Egr-2 and Nab-2 directly repress the Gfi-1 gene." SIGNOR-256041 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr127 RRRRRSRtFSRSSSQ 9606 BTO:0000567 20682768 t lperfetto "Akt directly binds to and phosphorylates clk2 on serine 34 and threonine 127, in vitro and in vivo.Our results suggest that akt activation controls cell survival to ionizing radiation by phosphorylating clk2, revealing an important regulatory mechanism required for promoting cell surviva" SIGNOR-244218 IL1RN protein P18510 UNIPROT IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 2876877 t Gianni "Homozygous truncating mutations result in lack of secreted interleukin-1–receptor antagonist protein, which inhibits the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β" SIGNOR-262302 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 LLCLRRSsLKAYGNG -1 1848190 t lperfetto "We investigate the role of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation by protein kinase C in this regulatory process. Mutation of the serine-261, -262, -344 and -345 of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor prevented the phorbol-ester-induced phosphorylation of the receptor. This mutation also abolished the phorbol-ester-induced decrease in high-affinity agonist binding and potency of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor. We suggest that protein kinase C mediated phosphorylation of the receptor promotes its functional uncoupling." SIGNOR-248856 (5Z)-5-(quinoxalin-6-ylmethylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione chemical CHEBI:45302 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000099 31195053 t miannu "We identified the protective effect of the PI3Kγ inhibitor AS605240 against stroke-related injury in the mouse model of transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). in this study, the effects of AS605240 on astrocytes were studied in cell cultures." SIGNOR-262224 risperidone chemical CHEBI:8871 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258528 orantinib chemical CHEBI:91088 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207435 RORB protein Q92753 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18418469 t miannu "RORβ and RORγ are also able to induce Bmal1 activity; however, RORα4 appears the most effective in inducing this activity. The ROREs in the Bmal1 promoter also bind ROR receptors. Overexpression of RORα1 and RORα4 induces Bmal1-promoter activity by interacting with these ROREs" SIGNOR-266852 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10976919 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr)." SIGNOR-267800 INPPL1 protein O15357 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 10942391 f gcesareni "Taken together, the data presented here demonstrate that ship inhibits akt primarily through regulation of akt membrane localization." SIGNOR-80706 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10733900 t amattioni "Crk could bind to both pdgf alpha- and beta-receptors in vivo" SIGNOR-75884 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT CERT1 protein Q9Y5P4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser132 SSLRRHGsMVSLVSG 9606 17591919 t lperfetto "In this study, we identify cert as a novel in vivo pkd substrate. Phosphorylation on serine 132 by pkd decreases the affinity of cert toward its lipid target phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate at golgi membranes and reduces ceramide transfer activity" SIGNOR-156500 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT CDKN2C protein P42773 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26350239 f miannu "Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to investigate the effect of DNMT3A on p18INK4C expression, along with the other INK4 members, including p15INK4B, p16INK4A and p19INK4D. The results showed that the depletion of DNMT3A increased the transcriptional levels of the four members of the INK4 family" SIGNOR-261508 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15199055 f "Furthermore, we show that the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and caveolin-3 promoters are directly regulated by ROR and coactivated by p300 and PGC-1. This study implicates RORs in the control of lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-254256 SEPTIN6 protein Q14141 UNIPROT SEPT6/SEPT7 complex SIGNOR-C72 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16914550 t miannu "We have characterized the conformation of a complex of filamentous human septins, sept2, sept6, and sept7. / we now show that sept6 and sept7 interact through a parallel coiled-coil, and that sept2 interacts with sept6 through their c-terminal domains." SIGNOR-148895 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 9606 9741627 t lperfetto "Shc is subsequently phosphorylated at tyrosine 317 and recruits grb2" SIGNOR-60160 RXR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF44 SIGNOR RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 1310351 t miannu "Cellular responsiveness to retinoic acid and its metabolites is conferred through two structurally and pharmacologically distinct families of receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR). Here we report that the transcriptional activity of RAR and RXR can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins." SIGNOR-256199 CLOCK/BMAL2 complex SIGNOR-C196 SIGNOR SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001615 22198637 t lperfetto "Both CLOCK:ARNTL and CLOCK:ARNTL2 heterodimers powerfully activate the promoter of the PAI-1 gene, officially called SERPINE1 and located on the seventh chromosome (7q21.3-q22), underlying the circadian variation in circulating PAI-1" SIGNOR-253713 CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16885213 f gcesareni "The data suggest that smo is in fact the source of two signals relevant to the activation of gli: one involving g(i) and the other involving events at smo's c-tail independent of g(i)." SIGNOR-148457 SACM1L protein Q9NTJ5 UNIPROT "phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37530 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9534 22253445 t lperfetto "To investigate whether kinase activity could account for the different effects of the PI kinases on SARS-CoV S-mediated entry and to test whether PI4P lipids directly regulate viral entry independent of PI4KB, VeroE6 cells were transiently transfected with the SAC1 gene, a PI phosphatase that specifically converts PI4P lipids back to PI (27).|These results indicate that PI4P is indispensable for SARS-CoV S-mediated entry and suggest that PI4KB mediates SARS-CoV S entry by regulating the level of cellular PI4P." SIGNOR-260733 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr273 SPSVHPAtPISPGRA 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) increases runx1 trans-activation activity without perturbing p300 interaction." SIGNOR-138920 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR miR-495 mirna URS000075C517_9606 RNAcentral "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24332853 f miannu "We have found that PRMT4 is highly expressed in HSPCs, where it functions as an inhibitor of myeloid differentiation (Figure 7G). In these cells, PRMT4 methylates RUNX1 at R223, promoting the assembly of a DPF2-containing transcriptional co-repressive complex, and repressing transcription at the miR-223 locus." SIGNOR-261971 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 22298955 t "Create trimers (2 typeII and 1 typeI) with serine/threonine kinase function" lperfetto "Noggin binds the domain that is re-quired for bmp-7 to interact with bmp type i and type ii receptors.Noggin Inhibits bmpby blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type i and type ii receptors" SIGNOR-217529 ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT MYOD/HEB complex SIGNOR-C128 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241143 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11369754 t gcesareni "These findings strongly suggest that rip phosphorylates mekk1 at ser-957 and ser-994." SIGNOR-108260 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249317 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DPB1 protein P04440 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253990 RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21148293 t miannu "JB12 cooperates with cytosolic Hsc70 and the ubiquitin ligase RMA1 to target CFTR and CFTRΔF508 for degradation." SIGNOR-271494 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT PGAM2 protein P15259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys100 GGLTGLNkAETAAKH 9606 24786789 t miannu "Here we report that PGAM is acetylated at lysine 100 (K100), an active site residue that is invariably conserved from bacteria, to yeast, plant, and mammals. K100 acetylation is detected in fly, mouse, and human cells and in multiple tissues and decreases PGAM2 activity. The cytosolic protein deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylates and activates PGAM2." SIGNOR-266518 "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269008 11-deoxycortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:28324 ChEBI cortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:17650 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000050 9814482 t lperfetto "Recombinant CYP11B genes encode enzymes that can catalyze conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol, 18-hydroxycortisol, and 18-oxocortisol." SIGNOR-268675 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser412 EEEDGTGsPQLNNR 9606 19153083 t gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 phosphorylate beta-arrestin1 at ser-412 in vitro. . in the resting state, cytosolic arrestin1 proteins are constitutively phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) at ser412, located within their distal c terminus. erk-phosphorylated arrestin1 is unable to associate with clathrin cages, whereas this constraint is removed upon its dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-183480 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT DOK5 protein Q9P104 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000671 12730241 f lperfetto "Irs5/dok4 and irs6/dok5 represent two new signaling proteins with potential roles in insulin and igf-1 action" SIGNOR-101038 lenvatinib chemical CHEBI:85994 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191454 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr119 PTCRGALtPSIRNLA 9606 22878263 t llicata "In the present study, we identify the serine/threonine kinase dyrk2 as siah2 interaction partner that phosphorylates siah2 at five residues (ser16, thr26, ser28, ser68, and thr119). accordingly, phosphorylated siah2 is more active than the wild-type e3 ligase and shows an increased ability to trigger the hif-1?-Mediated transcriptional response and angiogenesis." SIGNOR-198733 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1626 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120176 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10329733 f lperfetto "P53 suppresses the activation of the Bcl-2 promoter by the Brn-3a POU family transcription factor." SIGNOR-271677 DHX30 protein Q7L2E3 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25683715 f miannu "DHX30, DDX28, FASTKD2, and FASTKD5 Are Bona Fide RNA Granule Proteins. FASTKD5 siRNA treatment caused a reduction of all RNA granule proteins, along with MRPS18B, a protein of the mt-SSU." SIGNOR-261228 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1443 DKMKKSKsVKEDSNL 9606 15355962 t gcesareni "Using a mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that egf induces phosphorylation of iqgap1 ser(1443), a residue known to be phosphorylated by pkcthe nonphosphorylatable iqgap1 s1441a/s1443a had no effect. In contrast, the s1441e/s1443d mutation markedly enhanced the ability of iqgap1 to induce neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-128714 DLGAP1 protein O14490 UNIPROT SHANK2 protein Q9UPX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264587 sonidegib chemical CHEBI:90863 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 21041712 t gcesareni "Cyclopamine with improved solubility (ipi-926), smo inhibitors that considerably differ in structure from cyclopamine (gdc-0499, lde225, bms-833923, xl-139, pf-0449913), inhibitors of the transformation of inactive smo into active smo (sant 74-75), and inhibitors of the transport of cytoplasmic inactive smo to cilia (sant 1-4) have been developed to date." SIGNOR-169203 PLAGL2 protein Q9UPG8 UNIPROT SFTPC protein P11686 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000353 17618602 f miannu "nuclear PLAGL2 occupied and transactivated the endogenous SP-C promoter in lung cells." SIGNOR-254927 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT BRMS1 protein Q9HCU9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22085717 t Gianni "Intriguingly, BRMS1 turns out to be a potent substrate that is ubiquitinated by the Cul3-SPOP complex. Knockdown of SPOP increases the level of BRMS1 protein and represses the expression of BRMS1 repressive target genes such as OPN and uPA in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-268857 RDH5 protein Q92781 UNIPROT retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS11" SIGNOR-265114 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257800 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser7 sDSEEEVC -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250936 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1494 TLTRDYNsLTRSEHS 9606 15121854 t lperfetto "Egf stimulates a pkc-?-Dependent pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the ?4 Integrin subunit on serine residues and its redistribution to actin-rich structures together, these results highlight the importance of serine phosphorylation in regulating type ii hemidesmosome disassembly, implicate a cluster of serine residues within the connecting segment of ?4, and argue for a key role for pkc-? In regulating these structures" SIGNOR-124498 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser721 PVVSGDTsPRHLSNV 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251592 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251588 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser598 SARSRSNsAERLLEA 10090 16141217 t gcesareni "This study identifies APS as a novel physiological substrate for PKB and the first serine phosphorylation site on APS" SIGNOR-248042 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24749067 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that FOXO3, perhaps by activating Notch signaling, promotes the quiescent state during SC self-renewal in adult muscle regeneration." SIGNOR-252941 HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT NHLH2 protein Q02577 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 17174306 f lperfetto "In the present study, we show that hnRNP-U specifically enhances the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA by increasing its stability, possibly through binding to the 3' untranslated region. We also show that hnRNP-U enhances the expression of several other genes as well, including GADD45A, HEXIM1, HOXA2, IER3, NHLH2, and ZFY, by binding to and stabilizing these mRNAs." SIGNOR-262286 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 9649500 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Here we show that antigen receptor activation leads to bcl-6 phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). Phosphorylation, in turn, targets bcl-6 for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-270011 HOMER1 protein Q86YM7 UNIPROT SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 17243894 t miannu "It has been shown that Homer, a scaffold protein with a single EVH1 domain that binds to Shank, mGluR1, and other postsynaptic proteins (98) (Figure 3), exists as a tetramer, thus allowing it to cross-link several interacting proteins in the PSD" SIGNOR-264243 MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Like ror, musk has an extracellular region with homolgogy to the frizzled crd, binding of which by wnt11 stimulates a pcp-like pathway during neuromuscular development" SIGNOR-199518 ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001109;BTO:0000038 30998268 f miannu "ANXA3 downregulation evidently increased the apoptosis of HCT116 (Figure 2C) and SW480 (Figure 2D) cells, and Ox‐induced cell apoptosis was further aggravated by ANXA3 suppression." SIGNOR-262208 "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263782 ZNF91 protein Q05481 UNIPROT FCGR3B protein O75015 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002269 11470777 t Luana "Thus, these results indicate that these cloned ZNF140 and ZNF91 proteins function as repressors for the human Fc gamma RIIB transcription." SIGNOR-266215 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16517405 t miannu "Activation of glycolytic genes by HIF-1 is considered critical for metabolic adaptation to hypoxia through increased conversion of glucose to pyruvate and subsequently to lactate. We found that HIF-1 also actively suppresses metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) by directly trans-activating the gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). PDK1 inactivates the TCA cycle enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA." SIGNOR-267446 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser311 EYTIKSHsSLPPNNS 9606 15611134 t lperfetto "Zipk autophosphorylates in vitrowe have identified six phosphorylation sites in zipk that regulate both its enzyme activity and localization, including thr180, thr225, thr265, thr299, thr306, and ser311." SIGNOR-132455 sabcomeline chemical CHEBI:134846 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 9399977 t miannu "SB 202026 (R-(Z)-(+)-alpha-(methoxyimino)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2] octane-3-acetonitrile) displaced [3H]-oxotremorine-M from muscarinic receptors in the rat brain with high affinity (IC50 = 14 nM), a potency similar to that of oxotremorine-M itself (IC50 = 13 nM), but exhibited low affinity for cholinergic nicotinic receptors and other neuroreceptors. In studies using cloned human muscarinic receptors, SB 202026 possessed approximately equal affinity in displacing [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate from all muscarinic receptor subtypes" SIGNOR-258677 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12419246 t gcesareni "Ski also represses bmp signaling through interactions with smad4 and bmp-specific r-smads, smad1 or smad6" SIGNOR-95468 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser937 ETSFRKLsFTESLTS 19531803 t lperfetto "Ser940 of p105 was phosphorylated by PKA to a similar extent, whereas no phosphorylation of the same sequence occurred when Ser940 was substituted by Ala|Mechanistically, phosphorylation of p105 at Ser940 by PKA appeared to attenuate the extent of IKK-dependent phosphorylation of p105 at Ser935, which could in turn influence the rate of activation of NF-kappaB" SIGNOR-260327 GNAT1 protein P11488 UNIPROT PDE6G protein P18545 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 30962282 t "In the dark, PDE6 activity is suppressed by its inhibitory γ-subunit (Pγ). Rhodopsin-catalyzed activation of the G protein, transducin, relieves this inhibition and enhances PDE6 catalysis." SIGNOR-260008 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SLC2A2 protein P11168 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser491 VPETKGKsFEEIAAE 9534 8626492 t miannu "GLUT2 is rapidly phosphorylated by protein kinase A following activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin. serines 489 and 501/503 and threonine 510 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the transporter are the in vitro and in vivo sites of phosphorylation. Stimulation of GLUT2 phosphorylation in beta cells reduces the initial rate of 3-O-methyl glucose uptake by approximately 48% but does not change the Michaelis constant. a consequence of GLUT2 phosphorylation is a reduction of its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-250049 RASGEF1A protein Q8N9B8 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183823 MIPOL1 protein Q8TD10 UNIPROT RHOB protein P62745 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31609475 t miannu "MIPOL1 protein interacts with tumor suppressor RhoB and enhances its cellular activity" SIGNOR-261134 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT POLDIP3 protein Q9BY77 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser385 PRRVNSAsSSNPPAE 9606 15341740 t llicata "Here we identify skar as a novel and specific binding partner and substrate of s6k1 but not s6k2. We find that serines 383 and 385 of human skar are insulin-stimulated and rapamycin-sensitive s6k1 phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-128499 PEX12 protein O00623 UNIPROT UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 19687296 t miannu "Here we report on the identification of the protein-ubiquitin ligases that are responsible for the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal protein import receptor Pex5. It is demonstrated that each of the three RING peroxins Pex2, Pex10, and Pex12 exhibits ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity. Our results show that Pex2 mediates the Ubc4-dependent polyubiquitination whereas Pex12 facilitates the Pex4-dependent monoubiquitination of Pex5.While polyubiquitinated Pex5 is degraded by the proteasome, monoubiquitinated Pex5 is destined for a new round of the receptor cycle." SIGNOR-253024 "STX11-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C273 SIGNOR Platelet_degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH138 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 22767500 f lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23. |The SNAREs form transmembrane complexes that mediate membrane fusion and granule cargo release." SIGNOR-261902 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 IACDEEFsDSEDEGE 9606 BTO:0000567 12082111 t llicata "HDAC2 is phosphorylated uniquely by protein kinase CK2 in vitro. Studies using unfractionated cell extracts with CK2 inhibitors suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major source of HDAC2 kinase. Finally, and perhaps most interesting, HDAC2 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity, selectively regulates complex formation, but has no effect on transcriptional repression. | Since our data suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major kinase responsible for HDAC2 phosphorylation, and because Ser422 and Ser424, but not Ser411, lie within CK2 recognition sequences, we believe that Ser394, Ser422, and Ser424 constitute the three phosphorylated residues in HDAC2." SIGNOR-251002 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9450761 t gcesareni "Here we report the crystal structure at 2.9 a resolution of the p50/p65 heterodimer bound to the kappab dna" SIGNOR-55375 MAP4K3 protein Q8IVH8 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9820741 t gcesareni "With regard to at least mekk1, serine/threonine kinases such as nik,glkand hpk1 appear also to be important for regulation" SIGNOR-61814 CILK1 protein Q9UPZ9 UNIPROT CILK1 protein Q9UPZ9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr159 SKPPYTDyVSTRWYR 9606 15988018 t lperfetto "Ick is activated by dual phosphorylation of the tdy motif. Phosphorylation of tyr-159 in the tdy motif requires ick autokinase activity" SIGNOR-138424 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 9852261 t gcesareni "Stat6 activation is mediated through jak1 and jak2 tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-62582 "Vicriviroc Malate" chemical CID:10218922 PUBCHEM CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207657 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253178 TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12172553 f gcesareni "Here, we show that tsc1-tsc2 inhibits the p70 ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 (an activator of translation) and activates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e binding protein 1 (4e-bp1, an inhibitor of translational initiation)." SIGNOR-91395 SPEN protein Q96T58 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12374742 t gcesareni "We identified sharp as an rbp-jkappa/cbf-1-interacting corepressor in a yeast two-hybrid screen." SIGNOR-94201 PFKL protein P17858 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266468 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PEX12 protein O00623 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271023 P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR AFF2 protein P51816 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17135274 t miannu "P-TEFb phosphorylates Af4 and down-regulates its transactivation activity. P-TEFb also phosphorylates AF4 which down-regulates its transactivation activity, providing a negative feedback mechanism for the control of P-TEFb elongation activity" SIGNOR-266798 N-(3-methoxy-5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)-2-[4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]-3-pyridinesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:94573 ChEBI EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207902 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 18593525 f gcesareni "Dag and ip3 initiate further signal transduction pathways through activation of protein kinase c (pkc) and intracellular calcium release." SIGNOR-179288 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr579 RYIEDEDyYKASVTR 9606 11337490 t lperfetto "Inhibition of the catalytic activity of cell adhesion kinase beta by protein-tyrosine phosphatase-pest-mediated dephosphorylation. / dephosphorylation of tyr402 and tyr579/580 by ptp-pest" SIGNOR-107502 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser728 VVKQEQLsPKKKENN 9606 22163316 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that aib1 is phosphorylated on ser728 and ser867 by cdk1/cyclin b at the onset of mitosis and remains phosphorylated until exit from m phase." SIGNOR-216892 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 25846811 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Directly and/or through the activation of p90RSK, ERK phosphorylates LKB-1 at Ser325 and Ser428. The phosphorylation of LKB-1 causes the dissociation of LKB-1 from AMPK, resulting in the impaired activation of AMPK." SIGNOR-270071 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11591772 f lperfetto "Nf-kappab activity is regulated by notch-1 via transcriptional control of nf-kappab." SIGNOR-110963 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR AQP2 protein P41181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser256 REVRRRQsVELHSPQ 9615 BTO:0000837 12194985 t lperfetto "For Ser-256 in AQP2, this hypothesis is in line with data from Zeleninaet al. (35), who showed that in isolated rat inner medulla prostaglandin E2 induces internalization of AQP2 without decreasing the amount of PKA-phosphorylated AQP2.|Phosphorylation of Ser-256 Is Necessary and Sufficient for Localization of AQP2 in the Apical Plasma Membrane" SIGNOR-264563 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser222 EVEEEADsCFGDDED 9606 BTO:0000567 11546811 t llicata "CDC34 is specifically phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant CK2 and HeLa nuclear extract at five sites within the carboxyl-terminal 36 amino acids of CDC34. | Mutation of CDC34 at CK2-targeted residues, Ser-203, Ser-222, Ser-231, Thr-233, and Ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of CDC34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized CDC34 to the cytoplasm. " SIGNOR-251058 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC12 protein O60814 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265383 CTSB protein P07858 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Arg95 GFQEAYRrFYGPV -1 9076588 t miannu "This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42." SIGNOR-256320 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 22972936 f "inferred from 70% of family members" milica "Par1 acts through g12/13 and rho gtpase to inhibit the lats1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-269860 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser135 EWETPDLsQAEIEQK 9606 19962312 t llicata "We show that, upon dna damage, rassf1a is phosphorylated by atm on ser131 and is involved in the activation of both mst2 and lats1, leading to the stabilization of p73." SIGNOR-161934 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12536214 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Receptor internalization, altered;intracellular localization" SIGNOR-270230 DHODH protein Q02127 UNIPROT "coenzyme Q10" smallmolecule CHEBI:46245 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30449682 t miannu "OXPHOS directly drives the respiration-coupled mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) that converts dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway" SIGNOR-267431 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser469 AHEENPEsILDEHVQ 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248570 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr88 KGSLPEFyYRPPRPP 10090 BTO:0001516 28522571 t lperfetto "FLT3 and FLT3-ITD phosphorylate and inactivate the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1 in acute myeloid leukemia|P27Kip1 (p27) can prevent cell proliferation by inactivating cyclin-dependent kinases. This function is impaired upon phosphorylation of p27 at tyrosine residue 88." SIGNOR-269208 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser360 TEMDPTYsPAALPQS 9606 BTO:0000887 11940578 t gcesareni "Together, our in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the pkc/c-raf/mek/erk pathway plays a major role in the s6k1 activation in hypertrophic cardiac growth." SIGNOR-116485 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 18239138 t gcesareni "We found that sirt7 interacts with p53 and efficiently deacetylates p53 in vitro, which corresponds to hyperacetylation of p53 in vivo." SIGNOR-160539 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131903 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr188 EYEDENLyEGLNLDD -1 9531288 t "Y182 of CD79a appears to be the initial and preferred site of Ag receptor phosphorylation by Src family kinases. In vitro, Src family Lyn and Fyn predominantly phosphorylate this residue in CD79a, and Y195 does so in CD79b. phosphorylation of Y182 alone can lead to further kinase activation and/or effector focusing necessary for phosphorylation of certain downstream targets, such as p62, p110, and Shc, but not others, such as Vav." SIGNOR-251397 TOX2 protein Q96NM4 UNIPROT TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002181 25352127 t Luana "We subsequently found that TOX2 was independent of ETS-1 but could directly upregulate the transcription of TBX21 (encoding T-BET)." SIGNOR-266097 MRPL40 protein Q9NQ50 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262356 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 17298674 t miannu "Cdk2 (S384) and GSK3 (T380) prime cyclin E for destruction. The hyper-phosphorylated T380/S384 degron has high affinity for monomeric Fbw7α, which engages the remainder of the SCF to initiate cyclin E's ubiquitination by an E2 enzyme" SIGNOR-271640 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR down-regulates 10116 31958465 f miannu "We demonstrated that Milk fat globule-EGF factor8 (MFGE8) is protective against Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation. In vitro, silencing of MFGE8 by small interfering RNA significantly increased Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis, whereas administration of recombinant human MFGE8 (rhMFGE8) attenuated the atrial fibrosis." SIGNOR-260646 DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19279717 t areggio "Dsh through PLC activates IP3, which leads to release of intracellular Ca2+, which in turn activates CamK11 and calcineurin" SIGNOR-258980 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation -1 10366608 t "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "In addition, we identified threonine 830 as a potential PKC phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-269853 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20404851 f lperfetto "the discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the mid-1990s showed that pathogen recognition by the innate immune system is instead actually specific, relying on germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that have evolved to detect components of foreign pathogens referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)" SIGNOR-216295 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24890514 f miannu "CSF-1R also induces the expression/activation of several other regulators of multipotent progenitor proliferation/differentiation (Fig. 4A). These include [‚Ķ] the adaptor proteins suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (Socs1)" SIGNOR-255574 N-[4-(2-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonylphenyl]-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-[(2-propan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:95008 ChEBI BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207459 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr72 IKALRTDyNASVSVP 9606 12052863 t lperfetto "We show that hnrnp k and the c-src kinase specifically interact with each other, leading to c-src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of hnrnp k in vivo and in vitro. c-src-mediated phosphorylation reversibly inhibits the binding of hnrnp k to the differentiation control element (dice) of the lox mrna 3' untranslated region in vitro and specifically derepresses the translation of dice-bearing mrnas in vivo.We confirmed that tyr 230, 234, 236, and 380 are phosphorylated and identified two additional targets of c-src, tyr 72 and tyr 225 (data not shown)." SIGNOR-88919 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR Mitotic_checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH28 SIGNOR down-regulates 15549093 f lperfetto "The critical target of the G2 checkpoint is the mitosis-promoting activity of the cyclin B/CDK1 kinase, whose activation after various stresses is inhibited by ATM/ATR, CHK1/CHK2 and/or p38-kinase-mediated subcellular sequestration, degradation and/or inhibition of the CDC25 family of phosphatases that normally activate CDK1 at the G2/M boundary" SIGNOR-251496 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser692 IPDDDEDsYEIFEPP -1 9525959 t llicata "Factor Va, the essential cofactor for prothrombinase, is phosphorylated on the acidic COOH terminus of the heavy chain of the cofactor, at Ser692, by a platelet membrane-associated casein kinase II (CKII). | The phosphorylated cofactor has increased susceptibility to inactivation by activated protein C, since phosphorylated factor Va was found to be inactivated approximately 3-fold faster than its native counterpart." SIGNOR-250862 bevacizumab antibody DB00112 DRUGBANK VEGFB protein P49765 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001615 15961063 t miannu "Clinical trials with VEGF inhibitors in a variety of malignancies are ongoing. Recently, a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab; Avastin) has been approved by the FDA as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy." SIGNOR-259885 PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263344 CBFbeta-MYH11 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP3 SIGNOR Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 29958106 f miannu "In adult hematopoiesis, allelic CBFβ-SMMHC expression alters hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation, with clonal expansion of the short-term HSCs and pre-leukemic myeloid progenitor cells" SIGNOR-255736 CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT PDCD1 protein Q15116 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 11015443 t miannu "Pd-l1, was found to bind pd-1 specifically. The functional significance of this interaction has been demonstrated in t cell assays, in which engagement of pd-1 by pd-l1 leads to the inhibition of tcr-mediated lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion." SIGNOR-82604 CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16890161 t gcesareni "Overall, our data suggest that wnt-3a triggers the interaction of lrp6 with caveolin and promotes recruitment of axin to lrp6 phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and that caveolin thereby inhibits the binding of beta-catenin to axin." SIGNOR-148665 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT JUP protein P14923 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr550 AAGTQQPyTDGVRME 10116 14517306 t "Phosphorylation of plakoglobin by Fer and Fyn kinases decreases plakoglobin-desmoplakin interaction and increases plakoglobin-α-catenin association. Fyn mainly phosphorylated Tyr549 and that it phosphorylated Tyr133 with a much lower activity" SIGNOR-251176 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269817 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18394876 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of the two remaining akt-dependent sites inhibits foxo6 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252859 tamoxifen chemical CHEBI:41774 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20512796 t miannu "Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) antagonists have been widely used for breast cancer therapy. Despite initial responsiveness, hormone-sensitive ER-positive cancer cells eventually develop resistance to ER antagonists. It has been shown that in most of these resistant tumor cells, the ER is expressed and continues to regulate tumor growth. Recent studies indicate that tamoxifen initially acts as an antagonist, but later functions as an ER agonist, promoting tumor growth." SIGNOR-258588 malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI "long-chain fatty acid anion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57560 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15507492 t "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-267210 MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 16815997 f flangone "Macf1 appeared to be involved in the translocation and subsequent binding of the axin complex to lrp6 at the cell membrane." SIGNOR-147457 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 9891069 t gcesareni "The first and second proline-rich motifs containing the grb2 n-sh3-binding consensus sequence (-p-x-x-p-x-r/k-) were implicated in the binding of hpk1 to grb2." SIGNOR-63994 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1101 GCRRRHSsETFSSTP 10029 BTO:0000246 15364919 t lperfetto "Protein kinase C Theta inhibits insulin signaling by phosphorylating IRS1 at Ser(1101)." SIGNOR-249267 PIK-294 chemical CID:24905149 PUBCHEM PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206202 MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT MYH2 protein Q9UKX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238712 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10980415 f miannu "Since Sox9 also contains a potent transcription activation domain, it is a typical transcription factor. Sox9 which binds and activates this enhancer element, is required for chondrocyte differentiation and for expression of a series of chondrocyte-specific marker genes including Col2a1, Col9a2, Col11a2 and Aggrecan." SIGNOR-251756 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT PSIP1 protein O75475 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0001130 18708362 t miannu "Ledgf/ p75 has a cooh-terminally truncated splice variant, p52 / during apoptosis, caspase-3 cleaved p52 to generate a p38 fragment that lacked the nh2-terminal pwwp domain and failed to transactivate the hsp27 promoter in reporter assays. However, p38 retained chromatin association properties and repressed the transactivation potential of ledgf/p75" SIGNOR-180144 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT GMNN protein O75496 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 34599168 t miannu "SPOP promotes K27-linked non-degradative poly-ubiquitination of Geminin at lysine residues 100 and 127. This poly-ubiquitination of Geminin prevents DNA replication over-firing by indirectly blocking the association of Cdt1 with the MCM protein complex, an interaction required for DNA unwinding and replication." SIGNOR-268926 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT ACTN4 protein O43707 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr265 MTYVSSFyHAFSGAQ 9606 23454549 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at y12 by fak reduces _-actinin1's affinity for actin [25] and [27]. _-actinin4 is phosphorylated at y4, y31, and y265. Phosphorylation at y4 or y31 decreases its binding to actin [28] while phosphorylation of y265 increases its affinity for actin" SIGNOR-192191 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr171 IPTSAPVyQQPQQQP 9606 BTO:0000664 24913448 t "phosphorylation blocks localization at focal adhesion sites and induces binding to CRLK" lperfetto "LASP1 is a novel BCR-ABL substrate and a phosphorylation-dependent binding partner of CRKL in chronic myeloid leukemia|We demonstrate that LASP1 is specifically phosphorylated by BCR-ABL at tyrosine-171 in CML patients" SIGNOR-271703 TFAP2B protein Q92481 UNIPROT ADIPOQ protein Q15848 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19325541 f miannu "A transcription factor, TFAP2B, has been shown to participate in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism, by facilitating glucose uptake and lipid accumulation, while simultaneously reducing insulin sensitivity, and recently a direct function for TFAP2B as an inhibitor of adiponectin expression was observed." SIGNOR-255421 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9823 BTO:0001840 SIGNOR-C3 23486913 t lperfetto "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway. Specifically as part of mtorc1, mtor directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein s6 kinases (s6k1 and s6k2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-219266 2,5-dichloro-N-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:125569 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001950 27489280 t lperfetto "We performed reporter assays to examine the effect of NeoB on the transcriptional activity of specific nuclear hormone receptors, including PPARs, retinoic acid receptor (RAR), ER, and LXR, in uninfected Huh7-25 cells (Fig. 3A). NeoB did not have a significant effect [...] in contrast to the transcriptional repression by known antagonists as positive controls (GW6471, GSK0660, FH535, Ro41-5253, and 4-hydroxytamoxifen) (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-262014 "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "The most abundant signaling protein in the PSD fraction is Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which makes up 1 to 2% of the total protein in the forebrain (21). CaMKII is a target for Ca2+ flowing through the NMDA receptor and is necessary for normal synaptic plasticity in pyramidal neurons. The cytosolic tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor bind to CaMKII and thus can serve as docking sites for it in the PSD" SIGNOR-264215 GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0000195 24317510 f lperfetto "Many GATA6-dependent genes lacked nearby binding sites but several strongly dependent, synexpressed and GATA6-bound genes encode TFs such as MYC, HES1, RARB and CDX2." SIGNOR-253152 ICE2 protein Q659A1 UNIPROT ELL/ICE2 complex SIGNOR-C49 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 22195968 t miannu "The ell-ice complex is called lec for its proposed role in transcriptional regulation of the littlesnrna genes." SIGNOR-193603 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A6 protein Q9UHW9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "We have shown that with-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) possesses several properties that suggest it could be the Cl−/volume-sensitive regulatory kinase that, in association with protein phosphatases, reciprocally modifies the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of the SLC12 proteins and thus their activities|WNK3 activates NKCC1/2 and NCC and inhibits the KCCs" SIGNOR-264629 vemurafenib chemical CHEBI:63637 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23094782 t miannu "Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive disease resistant to chemotherapy. Recent clinical trials have reported improved survival for two novel agents; ipilimumab, a humanized, IgG1 monoclonal antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and vemurafenib , a BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) inhibitor targeting an activating mutation in the serine-threonine-protein kinase BRAF gene." SIGNOR-259281 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 10671503 t gcesareni "The early growth response transcription factor egr-1 can also interact with rela in vitro and regulate nf-kappab transcriptional activity in vivo" SIGNOR-75001 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys377 NEPSLQSkLQDEANY 9606 18621737 t amattioni "In this report, we show that ciap1 and ciap2 promote cancer cell survival by functioning as e3 ubiquitin ligases that maintain constitutive ubiquitination of the rip1 adaptor protein." SIGNOR-179443 DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 25040932 f lperfetto "In the non-phosphorylated state, CRMP2 binding to tubulin induces the promotion of tubulin polymerisation leading to dendrite outgrowth while" SIGNOR-264842 SEMA7A protein O75326 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 17377534 t lperfetto "Semaphorin 7A initiates T-cell-mediated inflammatory responses through alpha1beta1 integrin." SIGNOR-253249 IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 22378047 t lperfetto "IL-4-induced c-Myc activity controls a subset of M2-associated genes. IL-4 also induces the M2-polarizing JMJD3-IRF4 axis to inhibit IRF5-mediated M1 polarization." SIGNOR-249560 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide chemical CHEBI:94504 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191436 MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT STING1 protein Q86WV6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24622840 t miannu "MAVS also interacts with STING that locates at the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), and induces the ubiquitination and dimerization of STING. The activated STING recruits TBK1 and IRF3 and contributes to the phosphorylation of IRF3 mediated by TBK1." SIGNOR-260152 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr542 SKRKGHEyTNIKYSL 10090 BTO:0000944 8041791 t miannu "Upon PDGF stimulation, SHPTP2 binds to the PDGFR and becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated. We have identified tyrosine-542 (pY542TNI) as the major in vivo site of SHPTP2 tyrosine phosphorylation. phosphorylation of SHPTP2 couples Grb2 to PDGFR in vivo, providing a mechanism for Ras activation by PDGFR and for positive signaling via SHPTP2 and Csw." SIGNOR-250260 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 KLRRRFSsLHFMVEV 9606 9812896 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylated recombinant casp9 in vitro on serine-196 and inhibited its protease activity" SIGNOR-61565 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 12169099 t gcesareni "Up-regulation of c-jun mrna in cardiac myocytes requires the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade, but c-jun n-terminal kinases are required for efficient up-regulation of c-jun protein." SIGNOR-91383 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT FABP4 protein P15090 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10116 8943212 f fspada "We report that insulin and a ppargamma ligand (thiazolidinedione (tzd)) stimulate in a synergistic manner the expression of an adipocyte-specific gene (ap2) in rat adipocytes and 3t3-l1 cells" SIGNOR-210149 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr1069 EDSFLQRySSDPTGA 9606 BTO:0000567 19836242 t "We report the identification of PTPRK and PTPRJ (density-enhanced phosphatase-1 [DEP-1]) as EGFR-targeting phosphatases. DEP-1 is a tumor suppressor that dephosphorylates and thereby stabilizes EGFR by hampering its ability to associate with the CBL-GRB2 ubiquitin ligase complex|By employing commercially available antibodies, which are supposed to recognize specific tyrosine phosphorylation sites of EGFR, we found that depletion of endogenous DEP-1 nonselectively increased receptor phosphorylation, affecting all three sites we analyzed (tyrosines 1045, 1068, and 1173" SIGNOR-248697 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT SMN1 protein Q16637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 23615451 t lperfetto "The E3 ubiquitin ligase mind bomb 1 ubiquitinates and promotes the degradation of survival of motor neuron protein" SIGNOR-253112 SNRNP70 protein P08621 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270677 PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 16511610 f Regulation miannu "The effect of fibrates on the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is due to a PPAR-alpha-dependent stimulation of lipoprotein lipase and of apolipoprotein (apo)A-V and to an inhibition of apoC-III expression, whereas the increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol depends partly on an overexpression of apoA-I and apoA-II. " SIGNOR-251849 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT Interferon_Production phenotype SIGNOR-PH16 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20596954 f fstefani "Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling in the innate immunity." SIGNOR-166488 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 14517246 t gcesareni "Jnks directly phosphorylate nuclear factor of activated t-cell (nfat) transcription factors, thus antagonizing the effects of calcium-regulated signaling through the protein phosphatase calcineurin." SIGNOR-103360 FAM8A1 protein Q9UBU6 UNIPROT SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28827405 t miannu "FAM8A1 enhances binding of Herp to Hrd1, an interaction that is required for ERAD. Our findings support a model of Hrd1 complex formation, where the Hrd1 cytoplasmic domain and FAM8A1 have a central role in the assembly and activity of this ERAD machinery. A conserved Hrd1 cytoplasmic domain interacts with FAM8A1 and Herp" SIGNOR-261348 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT FCGR2A protein P12318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 TDDDKNIyLTLPPND -1 8756631 t lperfetto "To identify the FcgammaRII-phosphorylating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), we used the combination of an in vitro and an in vivo approach. In an in vitro assay using recombinant cytoplasmic tails of the different FcgammaRII isoforms as well as tyrosine exchange mutants, we show that each of the BCR-associated PTKs (Lyn, Blk, Fyn, and Syk) shows different phosphorylation patterns with regard to the different FcgammaR isoforms and pointFyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of Fc_RIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addi-tion to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-246551 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257656 fosinoprilat chemical CHEBI:116962 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9187274 t miannu "We analyzed the inhibition of angiotensin I and AcSDKP hydrolysis as well as that of three synthetic ACE substrates by wild-type ACE and the N and C domains by using a range of specific ACE inhibitors. We demonstrate that captopril, lisinopril, and fosinoprilat are potent inhibitors of AcSDKP hydrolysis by wild-type ACE, with K(i) values in the subnanomolar range." SIGNOR-258613 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr652 KPELVISyLPPGMAS 9534 11934902 t lperfetto "C-Src-dependent transcriptional activation of TFII-ITFII-I is a multifunctional transcription factor that is also involved in signal transduction. Here we show that TFII-I undergoes a c-Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation on tyrosine residues 248 and 611 and translocates to the nucleus in response to growth factor signaling" SIGNOR-247189 CLASP2 protein O75122 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 19638411 t lperfetto "CLASPs were originally identified as CLIP-170-interacting proteins and later found to be required for microtubule stabilisation at the cortical regions of epithelial cells|the C-terminal region of CLASP2 is known to interact with CLIP-170" SIGNOR-264827 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268208 N protein P59595 UNIPROT Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 17108024 f miannu "The data presented here indicate that N protein inhibits interferon production, while ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins are able to inhibit both interferon production and interferon signaling." SIGNOR-260342 3b protein P59633 UNIPROT Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 17108024 f miannu "The data presented here indicate that N protein inhibits interferon production, while ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins are able to inhibit both interferon production and interferon signaling." SIGNOR-260343 6 protein P59634 UNIPROT Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 17108024 f miannu "The data presented here indicate that N protein inhibits interferon production, while ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins are able to inhibit both interferon production and interferon signaling." SIGNOR-260344 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser263 GEDTLSDsDDEDDEE -1 1425701 t llicata "Analysis of phosphorylation sites in synthetic peptides of this acidic region identified the major sites phosphorylated by CKII as Ser261 and Ser263." SIGNOR-250921 AMH protein P03971 UNIPROT AMHR2 protein Q16671 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8119126 t acerquone "The results point to anti-m?llerian Hormone (amh) being the most likely candidate ligand for c14." SIGNOR-36215 RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT UNC13B protein O14795 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264384 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser236 IDKNRRKsCQACRLR 9606 9891036 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of human estrogen receptor alpha by protein kinase a regulates dimerizationeralpha is phosphorylated by protein kinase a (pka) on serine-236 within the dna binding domain. Mutation of serine-236 to glutamic acid prevents dna binding by inhibiting dimerization by eralpha" SIGNOR-63984 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16452206 f gcesareni "We now show that mtor inhibition induces insulin receptor substrate-1 expression and abrogates feedback the pathway, resulting in akt activation both in cancer cell lines and in patient tumors treated with the rapamycin derivative, rad001." SIGNOR-252643 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr100 FDKDGNGyISAAELR 9606 3415247 t miannu "The in vitro phosphorylation of calmodulin by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylated calmodulin does not exhibit the characteristic ca2+ shift normally observed with calmodulin in electrophoretic gels, an observation that is consistent with this modification affecting the biological activity of the molecule." SIGNOR-266320 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser349 STGEQEIsVGL 9534 BTO:0000298 10085131 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that RANTES-induced CCR5 phosphorylation selectively occurs on serine residues. Our findings with receptor mutants indicate that serine residues at positions 336, 337, 342, and 349 represent GRK phosphorylation sites on CCR5." SIGNOR-249679 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000150 11043579 t gcesareni "Estrogen rapidly activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases, erk-1 and erk-2, via an as yet unknown mechanism." SIGNOR-83277 ADNP protein Q9H2P0 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32533114 t miannu "Here, we show that ADNP is required for neural induction and differentiation by enhancing Wnt signaling. Mechanistically, ADNP functions to stabilize β-Catenin through binding to its armadillo domain which prevents its association with key components of the degradation complex: Axin and APC." SIGNOR-266756 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19620713 t gcesareni "Two types of bmp-induced signaling pathways are known, the smad and p38 mapk pathways. In the former case, bmpr1 phosphorylates smad-1,-5,-8, which forms a complex with smad4 that translocates into the nucleus and regulates gene expression." SIGNOR-187190 SRSF11 protein Q05519 UNIPROT LRP8 protein Q14114 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 31269452 t miannu "We demonstrate that SFRS11 directly binds to the 3' UTR of LRP8 mRNA, as well as to the third exon of apoE mRNA, resulting in stabilization of these mRNAs, eventually deactivating JNK signaling." SIGNOR-269670 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser813 DIYSRRLsQETGLEI -1 1377674 t miannu "CFTR is phosphorylated directly by PKA and PKC in vivo. phosphorylation by PKA is necessary to allow ATP hydrolysis by CFTR and that ATP hydrolysis is necessary for channel opening. CF-2 was phosphorylated by PKA in vitro on serines 660,700, 737, 813 and most likely on both serines 768 and 795." SIGNOR-250351 MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser218 ISGYLVDsVAKTMDA 9606 19920149 t lperfetto "Ask1 is a member of a mapkkk family and functions as an upstream kinase engaged in c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk)/p38 signaling via the phosphorylation and activation of mapkks, such as mkk3, -4, -6, and -7" SIGNOR-161763 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser795 TASTRKVsLAPQANL 9606 1377674 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of cf-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by pka and pkgcftr possesses a large cluster of strict dibasic consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase a (pka) in the r-domain and an obligatory dependence on phosphorylation is a hallmark of cftr cl(-) channel function" SIGNOR-18249 RBM10 protein P98175 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001938 30403180 f irozzo "Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor with high incidence in adolescence and poor prognosis. RBM10, a member of RBPs, was reported to be a tumor suppressor in many kinds of cancers. The results showed that U2OS cell growth was significantly inhibited when RBM10 is overexpressed as compared with negative control cells." SIGNOR-259149 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22318735 t gcesareni "Upon proteolysis, the newly formed n terminus acts as a tethered ligand that activates the receptor and initiates signaling cascades through multiple g proteins (galfaq, galfai, and galfa12/13)." SIGNOR-196012 PP121 chemical CHEBI:50915 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206301 PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT CTNND2 protein Q9UQB3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16973151 f "Indirect:regulation of expression" miannu "In Pax6 mutant embryos, delta-catenin expression was severely reduced in the optic vesicle neural ectoderm, in the ventricular zone of the neocortex and in the external granule layer of the cerebellum. We identified a Pax6 binding site in delta-catenin promoter that is conserved between mice and humans and which is effectively bound by Pax6 in vitro. Our results suggest that Pax6 regulates delta-catenin expression during CNS development in mice." SIGNOR-251878 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 9539737 f gcesareni "Finally, we demonstrate directly that cells expressing ADD1/SREBP1 produce and secrete lipid molecule(s) that bind directly to PPARgamma, displacing the binding of radioactive thiazolidinedione ligands" SIGNOR-170607 TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT KLF5 protein Q13887 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 21542805 t miannu " The oestrogen-inducible E3 ligase EFP (oestrogen-responsive finger protein) was identified as a key player in oestrogen-mediated degradation of KLF5, as knockdown and overexpression of EFP increased and decreased KLF5 protein levels respectively, and the decrease continued even when protein synthesis was blocked. " SIGNOR-271908 CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256829 PI-103 chemical CHEBI:90524 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206169 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001033 29207681 t miannu "JMJD2C was found to be co-localized with AR and LSD1 in the epithelium of prostate carcinoma and normal prostate cells. For the detailed mechanism, JMJD2C, AR and LSD1 assembled on the chromatin to remove the methyl groups from mono-, di- and trimethylated H3K9. Importantly, JMJD2C specifically removed the demethylation of the trimethyl H3K9 marks and modulated the transcriptional activity of AR. Moreover, JMJD2C cooperated with LSD1 and activated AR-mediated gene expression via decreasing H3K9me3 at the promoter of AR targeting genes KLK2 and PSA." SIGNOR-263879 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT NAT1 protein P18440 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17210686 f lperfetto "Induction of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase type I by androgens in human prostate cancer cells|We show that NAT1 activity is induced by R1881 in androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate lines 22Rv1 and LNCaP" SIGNOR-253684 BRSK1 protein Q8TDC3 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR 9606 BTO:0000567 15150265 t lperfetto "Overexpression of hssad1 resulted in an increased phosphorylation of cdc25c on ser-216 in vivo. Phosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-107408 MMP20 protein O60882 UNIPROT ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage -1 10922468 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases 19 and 20 cleave aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)|It has been suggested that MMPs play a role in the hydrolysis of COMP and, therefore, compromise the integrity of the cartilage ECM structure leading to the ultimate loss of joint function" SIGNOR-266981 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1177 TSRIRTQsFSLQERQ 9606 11729179 t lperfetto "Recently many investigators have shown that protein phosphorylation of enos by several serine/threonine kinases is a critical control step for no production by endothelial cells. Phosphorylation by amp kinase, akt (or protein kinase b), or protein kinase a on serine 1179 (bovine) or serine 1177 (human) of enos leads to enhanced activity of the enzyme and, thus, augmented production of no." SIGNOR-244322 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser32 MPGPREEsEEEEDED 9606 15199154 t amattioni "Dek is phosphorylated by the protein kinase ck2 in vitro and in vivo on ser32" SIGNOR-125912 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser418 QQRKALLsPFSTPVR -1 15952796 t lperfetto "We identified Ser150, Ser418, and Ser476 of human Grb10 as MAPK-mediated in vitro phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-249405 TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR TICAM2 protein Q86XR7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20404851 t lperfetto "These differences are explained by the discovery of TIR domain’containing adaptor molecules, including MyD88, TIRAP (Mal), TRIF and TRAM, which are recruited by distinct TLRs and activate distinct signaling pathways" SIGNOR-216307 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271536 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 12857726 t "Using a pharmacological inhibitor, we provide evidence that PTP1B activation and LAT dephosphorylation processes were required for irreversible platelet aggregation.|In collagen-stimulated platelets, the signaling complexes recruited by tyrosine-phosphorylated LAT are essential for PLCgamma2 activation" SIGNOR-248403 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT COL9A3 protein Q14050 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261653 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15894802 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-270274 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SUZ12 protein Q15022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser541 KRTKASMsEFLESED 25855382 t lperfetto "PLK1 and HOTAIR Accelerate Proteasomal Degradation of SUZ12 and ZNF198 during Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis|In SUZ12, residues 539, 541 and 546 phosphorylated by Plk1 in vitro" SIGNOR-275555 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT UNG protein P13051 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser64 EPGTPPSsPLSAEQL 9606 BTO:0000812 27875297 t lperfetto "Here we show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) interacts with and phosphorylates UNG2 at Thr60 and that Thr60 phosphorylation requires a Ser64 priming phosphorylation event.|phosphorylation of Thr60 and Ser64 creates a cyclin E/c-Myc-like phosphodegron that promotes polyubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-264884 COL4A6 protein Q14031 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12778132 t "Type IV collagen is the most abundant Type IV collagen is the most abundant constituent of the BM…All of the type IV collagen in mammals is derived from six genetically distinct alpha-chain polypeptides (alpha1-alpha6)" SIGNOR-254670 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT SLAMF1 protein Q13291 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271537 "perfluorohexanesulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:132448 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31332417 t miannu "In the present study, we demonstrated PFASs bound to and activated human PPARb/d-LBD directly. The PPARb/d binding potency and transcriptional activity of PFASs were all related to the carbon chain length and the terminal functional group." SIGNOR-268755 ARID1A protein O14497 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270689 ERRFI1 protein Q9UJM3 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10116 11003669 t gcesareni "These data indicate that the gene 33 protein is a feedback inhibitor of ErbB-2 mitogenic function and a suppressor of ErbB-2 oncogenic activity. We propose that the gene 33 protein be renamed with the acronym RALT (receptor-associated late transducer)" SIGNOR-186198 U0126.EtOH chemical CHEBI:90692 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207603 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one chemical CHEBI:77954 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205746 HPS6 protein Q86YV9 UNIPROT BLOC-2 complex SIGNOR-C252 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15030569 t lperfetto "Characterization of BLOC-2, a complex containing the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome proteins HPS3, HPS5 and HPS8" SIGNOR-260690 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser43 PAMLHLPsEQGAPET 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 17977820 t lperfetto "In this study we analyze the ikkbeta-mediated phosphorylation of the ikk-binding domain of nemo. In vitro, ikkbeta phosphorylates three serine residues in the domain of nemo at positions 43, 68, and 85. However, mutational analysis revealed that only the phosphorylation of serine 68 in the center of the ikk-binding domain plays an essential role for the formation and the function of the ikk complex. Thus, ser(68) phosphorylation attenuates the amino-terminal dimerization of nemo as well as the ikkbeta-nemo interaction." SIGNOR-158655 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ATAD5 protein Q96QE3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser653 TVPFDSEsPIRMKFT 9606 BTO:0000007 31875566 t miannu "To determine whether mitotic CDK phosphorylates ATAD5, a CDK1 inhibitor (RO3306) was applied to nocodazole-arrested cells (Figure S3F). CDK1 inhibition resulted in a loss of S653 phosphorylation (Figure S3F). These data meant that the S653 residue in the BET BD of ATAD5 is phosphorylated by mitotic CDK. This result suggested that the BRD4-ATAD5 interaction is inhibited during mitosis." SIGNOR-266410 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr632 GRKGSGDyMPMSPKS 10029 BTO:0000246 7651388 t lperfetto "Therefore, during insulin stimulation irs-1 undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation, and a portion of tyrosine phosphorylated irs-1 associated with the insulin receptor. The insulin receptor substrate-1 (irs-1) is rapidly phosphorylated on several tyrosine residues by the activated insulin receptor. Insulin signals are mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs-1) and shc by the activated insulin receptor (ir)." SIGNOR-236741 CADPS protein Q9ULU8 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C346 24363652 t miannu "CAPS interacted independently with either syntaxin-1 or SNAP-25 suggesting that CAPS might promote QaQbc-SNARE heterodimer formation. CAPS binding to syntaxin-1 was mediated by the membrane-proximal C-terminal SNARE motif (H3) and membrane linker domain sequences of syntaxin-1" SIGNOR-264338 seliciclib chemical CHEBI:45307 ChEBI TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206577 IFI30 protein P13284 UNIPROT oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31810556 t scontino "Within the phagosome, the internalized antigens are partially degraded by Cathepsin S and the GILT complex, a necessary step for further export to cytosol." SIGNOR-267865 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22303461 t gcesareni "Lrrk2 directly phosphorylates tubulin-associated tau, but not free tau;(iii) lrrk2 phosphorylates tau at thr181 as one of the target sites;. furthermore, we revealed that lrrk2-mediated phosphorylation of tau reduces its tubulin-binding ability." SIGNOR-195756 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CARHSP1 protein Q9Y2V2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser52 TRRTRTFsATVRASQ 9606 BTO:0000671 15910284 t lperfetto "These and other results demonstrate that crhsp24 is phosphorylated at ser52 by pkbalpha in response to igf-1, at ser52 by pkbalpha and rsk in response to egf" SIGNOR-252814 ADAMTS13 protein Q76LX8 UNIPROT VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 23020315 t miannu "Proteolytic degradation of VWF by ADAMTS-13 downregulates the proinflammatory potential of VWF. " SIGNOR-251966 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr42 DSMKDEEyEQMVKEL 9606 8940099 t gcesareni "Ptp1b is able to dephosphorylate phosphorylated-tyr-42 on ikappabalpha" SIGNOR-45004 SLC16A2 protein P36021 UNIPROT L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28153798 t scontino "T4 and T3 are released from the thyroid cell through transporters present at the basolateral plasma membrane of thyrocytes (Fig. 1). The most important transporter known to be responsible for thyroid hormone transport is the SLC16A2 monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), which can promote both uptake and efflux of TH and is involved in the release of TH from the thyroid gland." SIGNOR-267140 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT AGAP2 protein Q99490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1038 ESWIRAKyEQLLFLA 9606 16841086 t llicata "We demonstrate that fyn is essential for phosphorylating pike-a and protects it from apoptotic cleavage. Active but not kinase-dead fyn interacts with pike-a and phosphorylates it on both y682 and y774 residues. Tyrosine phosphorylation in pike-a is required for its association with active fyn but not for akt. Mutation of d into a in pike-a protects it from caspase cleavage and promotes cell survival." SIGNOR-147932 KLF15 protein Q9UIH9 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15277472 f miannu "KLF15 repressed transactivation of rhodopsin and IRBP promoters alone and in combination with the transcriptional activators Crx and/or Nrl." SIGNOR-253817 CCT4 protein P50991 UNIPROT TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272866 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ARHGAP26 protein Q9UNA1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser685 PMFSAPSsPMPTSST -1 9525907 t miannu "In vitro, purified mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of Graf on serine 510, suggesting that Graf phosphorylation may be mediated through MAP kinase signaling." SIGNOR-262945 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR PYGM protein P11217 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser15 QEKRKQIsVRGLAGV 9606 BTO:0002049 22225877 t "GP is the first protein whose function was discovered to be regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation, which is controlled by phosphorylase kinase (PhK) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Here we report that lysine acetylation negatively regulates GP activity by both inhibiting enzyme activity directly and promoting dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-267402 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr382 DHYRYSDtTDSDPEN 9606 21779440 t gcesareni "The C-terminal tail of PTEN is also the target of mutations in tumors. As mentioned, this region contains the main phosphorylation sites mapped to residues Ser362, Thr366, Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, and the kinases involved are casein kinase 2 (CK2), GSK3_, LKB1, and MAST.84,97-101 The phosphorylation of the tail has been shown to enhance PTEN stability but at the same time decrease its phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-161122 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C89 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 t lperfetto "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-217716 CORT protein O00230 UNIPROT MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16111673 t gcesareni "The mrgx2 receptor has been shown to be activated by the peptides cortistatin and proadrenomedullin n-terminal peptides (pamp)" SIGNOR-139855 TERB1 protein Q8NA31 UNIPROT "TTM complex" complex SIGNOR-C305 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30718482 t lperfetto "Meiotic specific proteins TERB1, TERB2, and MAJIN form a stable complex that plays a critical role in regulating the recruitment of telomeres to the NE" SIGNOR-263302 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1267 PATGEQVyQQDWAQN -1 10195142 t lperfetto "To gain further insight into the roles of Src and Fyn in the phosphorylation and regulation of the NMDA receptor, we have characterized the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src and FynIn the case of NR2A, three potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been proposed: Tyr1105, Tyr1267 and Tyr1387 (Zheng et al. 1998; Bi et al. 2000), all of which are similarly located in the C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-247155 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23604317 t miannu "FBXL2 binds p85α and p85β. p85β is targeted for ubiquitylation and degradation by SCF FBXL2." SIGNOR-272113 "Immune complexes" stimulus SIGNOR-ST15 SIGNOR FCGR2B protein P31994 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 25475856 f lperfetto "Low affinity-activating Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRs) that bind immune complexes are controlled by a single inhibitory receptor, FcgammaRIIb (CD32b)." SIGNOR-249522 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259008 MTMR3 protein Q13615 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58088 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18429927 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 can be dephosphorylated by the 3-phosphatase myotubularins (MTMs), leading to the production of PtdIns5P. Myotubularins also dephosphorylate PtdIns3P into PtdIns" SIGNOR-269810 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 9606 SIGNOR-C17 24173284 t lperfetto "The N-terminus of E2F1 can interact directly with a region towards the C-terminus of p53, resulting in increased nuclear retention of p53 and p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. This is inhibited by competition between p53 and cyclin A at the binding site within E2F19,10. The interaction between p53 and E2F1 is enhanced by phosphorylation of p53 on Ser315, a residue within the E2F1 binding region that is phosphorylated by cell cycle kinases such as cdk1, cdk2, cdk9 and Aurora kinase A" SIGNOR-167779 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000793 20080744 t miannu "We have recently discovered that the glycolysis-promoting enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, isoform 3 (PFKFB3), is degraded by the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1, which also degrades cell-cycle proteins. Cdh1 promotes PFKFB3 degradation in the nucleus." SIGNOR-271436 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr96 QDHSHLLySTIPRMQ -1 11382764 t lperfetto "Identification of Src phosphorylation sites in the catenin p120ctn.Using selected tyrosine to phenylalanine p120 mutants as dominant negative reagents, it may now be possible to selectively block events postulated to be dependent on p120 tyrosine phosphorylation.combinations of Tyr _ Phe mutations at residues 96, 112, 228, 257, 280, 291, 296, and 302" SIGNOR-246508 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CLK3 protein P49761 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002932 32453420 t done miannu "C-Myc enhances transcriptional activation of CLK3 promoter in CCA cells. " SIGNOR-274123 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser857 PPYNRAVsLDSPVSV 9606 22505454 t gcesareni "Herein, we report the successful identification of six functional in vivo src-3 phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-196961 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268939 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 9020184 t lperfetto "Jnk1 phosphorylation and activation was inhibited by expression of both mkp1 and mkp2" SIGNOR-27756 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24058639 t miannu "P300 promotes the interaction of fli1 with hdac1 and increases the dna binding ability of fli1 through deacetylation of lysine 380" SIGNOR-202682 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15311212 f miannu "known E-cadherin transcriptional repressors, such as SLUG (SNAI2), SIP1 (ZEB2), TWIST1, SNAIL (SNAI1) and ZEB1 (TCF8), but not E12/E47 (TCF3), had a lack of upregulation in cells expressing mutated E-cadherin compared to WT." SIGNOR-255156 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24877152 f "Conversely, a reduced amount of IGF-1R diminished the levels of P-AKT, allowing dissociation and nuclear translocation of Smad3 and enhancement of the TGFŒ≤1 signaling pathway and fibrosis" SIGNOR-254375 ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 11175361 f miannu "Ets1 and Ets2 seem to play opposing roles in apoptosis. While Ets1 seems to activate pro-apoptotic pathways, Ets2 seems to inhibit apoptosis" SIGNOR-259870 TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT "L-tyrosine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58315 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16098474 t scontino "TPO plays a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis by catalyzing both the iodination of tyrosine residues to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT) residues. The first step in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis is the binding of iodine to tyrosine residues in Tg, which yields MIT and DIT residues." SIGNOR-266956 arformoterol chemical CHEBI:408174 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 20655218 t Luana "Table 1. Human β2- and β1-adrenoceptor binding and calculated log D7.4 values for formoterol, indacaterol, salmeterol, S1319 and the representative library members 11–41" SIGNOR-257882 PPM1E protein Q8WY54 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr423 PEQSKRStMVGTPYW 10116 11864573 t "The p21-activated kinase PAK is negatively regulated by POPX1 and POPX2, a pair of serine/threonine phosphatases of the PP2C family|POPX Can Dephosphorylate and Downregulate PAK| To confirm that POPX2 acts on αPAK phospho-Thr422, a key regulator of activity in the kinase activation loop [9], we used phospho-specific antibodies against αPAK P-Thr422 (Figure 3B, lower panel), which proved to be an excellent substrate for POPX2. Similarly, complete loss of αPAK P-Ser57 with 0.2 μg POPX2 contrasts with the slight loss observed with 1.5 μg PP1. On the basis of these results, we suggest PAK is a substrate of POPX." SIGNOR-248761 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 18211802 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Activates rhoa and as a result regulates actin assembly." SIGNOR-270138 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25934862 f miannu "IL-4-induced macrophage polarization involves induction of STAT6 and KLF4 that induce each other and promote M2 polarization." SIGNOR-254519 BAZ2B protein Q9UIF8 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 acetylation:Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 31999386 t miannu "The BAZ2B bromodomain has been shown to bind to acetylated H3K14 (H3K14ac), whose presence at promoter regions is generally associated with gene activation. This suggests a potential role for BAZ2B in transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266620 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT PYGM protein P11217 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser15 QEKRKQIsVRGLAGV 9606 BTO:0002049 22225877 t "It is well-characterized that GP is activated by PhK-mediated serine phosphorylation at Ser-15" SIGNOR-267398 TFE3 protein P19532 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 11467950 f miannu "we have focused on element F of the NMHC-A gene. We have identified and characterized the factors which are capable of binding to element F. The basic helix_loop_helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) proteins, TFEC-l and -s, which are alternatively spliced isoforms, TFE3, USF1, and USF2 have all been found to bind to element F with different binding activities and with different transcriptional activation potencies." SIGNOR-222504 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GRIK2 protein Q13002 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser715 FMSSRRQsVLVKSNE 9606 BTO:0000007 8094892 t miannu "GluR6 glutamate receptor, transiently expressed in mammalian cells, is directly phosphorylated by PKA, and that intracellularly applied PKA increases the amplitude of the glutamate response. Site-specific mutagenesis of the serine residue (Ser 684) representing a PKA consensus site completely eliminates PKA-mediated phosphorylation of this site as well as the potentiation of the glutamate response." SIGNOR-250315 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259454 arginine smallmolecule CHEBI:29016 ChEBI mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 27126896 f Luana " Importantly, asparagine/glutamine pre-load only results in mTOR activation following amino acid stimulation (Fig. 5a), indicating that it is their exchange factor roles that elicit mTORC1 activation." SIGNOR-268013 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 19879762 f lperfetto "In the case of DNA-damage, phosphorylation of both p53 and Mdm2 by the checkpoint kinases ATM, ATR, Chk1 and Chk2 contributes to the dissociation of the Mdm2-p53 complex, leading to enhanced cellular p53 levels that primarily accumulate in the nucleus." SIGNOR-209690 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser60 ETNQNSSsDSEAERR -1 11711551 t llicata "We show here that Tcf-4 can be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase CK2 stoichiometrically in amino acids Ser-58-Ser-59-Ser-60. Phosphorylation of these residues does not modify the interaction of Tcf-4 with beta-catenin but reduces its association to plakoglobin. | Experiments performed using a Tcf-4 mutant with decreased interaction to plakoglobin demonstrated that binding to this protein negatively affected the transcriptional activity of Tcf-4." SIGNOR-250964 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr833 EQCEYLSyDASQWEF 9606 20431062 t lperfetto "Vegfr-3 is a direct c-src target and mass spectrometry analysis identified the sites phosphorylated by c-src as tyrosine 830, 833, 853, 1063, 1333, and 1337, demonstrating that integrin-mediated receptor phosphorylation induces a phosphorylation pattern that is distinct from that induced by growth factors. Furthermore, pull-down assays show that integrin-mediated vegfr-3 phosphorylation activates the recruitment to the receptor of the adaptor proteins crki/ii and shc inducing activation of jnk." SIGNOR-165051 HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 10544189 f gcesareni "Hsp27 overexpression delays poly(adp-ribose)polymerase cleavage and procaspase-3 activation." SIGNOR-71869 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19165418 t gcesareni "The intracellular part of the notch receptor is cleaved off and translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to the transcription factor rbp-j." SIGNOR-183510 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001086 25126380 f flangone "Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), a member of the SoxB1 transcription factor family, is an important transcriptional regulator in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Together with octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and Nanog, they co-operatively control gene expression in PSCs and maintain their pluripotency. " SIGNOR-242067 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT SIGLEC10 protein Q96LC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr667 ESQEELHyATLNFPG 9606 11733002 t lperfetto "These results suggest that the tyrosines at positions 597 and 667, contained within itim-like motifs, are likely targets of phosphorylation by several classes of signaling molecules, including lck, jak3, and emt. The tyrosine located at position y691 was also contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by lck and jak3 kinases. Phosphorylation of the tyrosine located at position 667 in an itim motif appears to be necessary for the recruitment of shp-1 and partial recruitment of shp-2" SIGNOR-112483 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 1715686 t gcesareni "Dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated insulin and epidermal-growth-factor receptors by two major subtypes of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase from human placenta." SIGNOR-21299 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 26088133 t lperfetto "Interestingly, GSK3beta can be released from the multienzyme complex in response to PKA phosphorylation on serine 9, which suppresses GSK3beta activity." SIGNOR-264819 H2AC11 protein P0C0S8 UNIPROT SGO1 protein Q5FBB7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 phosphorylation:Thr121 AVLLPKKtESHHKAK phosphorylation:Thr346 LEEGVHLtPFRQKVS 24055156 t lperfetto "The complex between shugoshin and protein phosphatase 2A (Sgo1-PP2A) localizes to centromeres in mitosis, binds to cohesin in a reaction requiring Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of Sgo1, dephosphorylates cohesin-bound sororin, and protects a centromeric pool of cohesin from mitotic kinases and the cohesin inhibitor Wapl.|The centromeric localization of Sgo1 requires histone H2A phosphorylation at T120 (H2A-pT120) by the kinase Bub1." SIGNOR-265262 SLA2 protein Q9H6Q3 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000740 27458164 t miannu "We screened a panel of SH2 domain-containing proteins and identified SLAP2 as a potent interacting partner of FLT3. We demonstrated that interaction occurs when FLT3 is activated, and also, an intact SH2 domain of SLAP2 is required for binding. Expression of SLAP2 blocked FLT3 downstream signaling cascades including AKT, ERK, p38 and STAT5." SIGNOR-256155 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT KLF9 protein Q13886 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000746 27777311 t "We show that in addition, DEX-bound GR directly promotes the expression of adipogenic TFs, including C/EBPβ, Klf5, Klf9, and C/EBPα" SIGNOR-256119 HECTD3 protein Q5T447 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0004461 28716524 t miannu "HECTD3 binds and ubiquitinates caspase-9.HECTD3 inhibits caspase-9 oligomerization and association with Apaf-1. HECTD3 suppressing caspase-9 activation is dependent on T157 phosphorylation by ERK." SIGNOR-272329 ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23863160 t lperfetto "Raptor phosphorylation by ULK1 was sufficient to completely block Rheb-induced mTORC1 activity in cells as well as mTORC1 kinase activity invitro" SIGNOR-209910 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT KLF5 protein Q13887 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser303 QATYFPPsPPSSEPG 9606 24398687 t lperfetto "Stability of the klf5 is mediated by proteasomal degradation via phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3_ (gsk3_) and recognition by f-box and wd repeat domain-containing 7 (fbw7) of a phosphodegron sequence surrounding serine 303 in klf5" SIGNOR-203627 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 23967200 f "C-Src-induced STAT3 activation regulates MMP3 levels" SIGNOR-251109 PTPRE protein P23469 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 10116 BTO:0000575 15738637 t "In this study, we showed that receptor-type PTPepsilon (PTP epsilonM) dephosphorylated IR in rat primary hepatocytes and tyrosines 972, 1158, 1162 and 1163| These results suggest that PTPepsilonM is a negative regulator of IR signaling and involved in insulin-induced glucose metabolism mainly through direct dephosphorylation and inactivation of IR in hepatocytes and liver." SIGNOR-248446 SYN2 protein Q92777 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15265865 t miannu "Synapsins, a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins, have been demonstrated to regulate the availability of synaptic vesicles for exocytosis by binding to both synaptic vesicles and the actin cytoskeleton in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-269182 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT LARS2 protein Q15031 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269421 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT CDC37 protein Q16543 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 VWDHIEVsDDEDETH -1 12930845 t llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 13 is required for the proper function of the Hsp90 co-chaperone, Cdc37. | In this report, we demonstrate that mammalian Cdc37 is phosphorylated on Ser13 in situ in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and in cultured K562 cells and that casein kinase II is capable of quantitatively phosphorylating recombinant Cdc37 at this site." SIGNOR-250982 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 17259970 t milica "Il-7r signalling is initiated when il-7 crosslinks the extracellular domains of il-7ralpha and gammac, bringing together jak1 and jak3, which mutually phosphorylate each other, increasing their kinase activity." SIGNOR-152917 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT CDON/SPAG9 complex SIGNOR-C21 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 17074887 t gcesareni "In this study, we report that the cdo intracellular region interacts with jlp, a scaffold protein for the p38alpha/beta mapk pathway." SIGNOR-150279 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT DNMT1/DNMT3A complex SIGNOR-C42 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12145218 t miannu "We show that the human de novo enzymes hdnmt3a and hdnmt3b form complexes with the major maintenance enzyme hdnmt1 /in vivo co-expression of hdnmt1 and hdnmt3a or hdnmt3b leads to methylation spreading in the genome, suggesting co-operation between de novo and maintenance enzymes during dna methylation" SIGNOR-90836 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001211 22184117 f miannu "The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is a direct target gene of hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1). we observe that inactivation of endogenous HIC1 through RNA interference in normal breast epithelial cells results in the up-regulation of EphA2 and is correlated with increased cellular migration. chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and sequential ChIP experiments demonstrate that endogenous HIC1 proteins are bound, together with the MTA1 corepressor, to the EphA2 promoter in WI38 cells." SIGNOR-254242 7a protein P59635 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_block phenotype SIGNOR-PH10 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 16303160 f Luana "Expression of SARS-CoV ORF7a block cell cycle arrest in G0/G1" SIGNOR-260207 MKX protein Q8IYA7 UNIPROT SCX protein Q7RTU7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001592 33115953 t miannu "MKX is a meniscus-enriched transcription factor. In human meniscus cells, MKX regulates the expression of meniscus marker genes, OA-related genes, and other transcription factors, including Scleraxis (SCX), SRY Box 5 (SOX5), and Runt domain-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)." SIGNOR-267213 nilutamide chemical CHEBI:7573 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194649 calcitriol smallmolecule CHEBI:17823 ChEBI calcitetrol smallmolecule CHEBI:47799 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 30080183 t lperfetto "Homozygous mutations in the vitamin D 24-hydroxylase CYP24A1, the major enzyme responsible for inactivation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, lead to idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH)." SIGNOR-270570 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 phosphorylation:Ser441;Ser445 ESENSGDsGYPSEKR;SGDSGYPsEKRGELD 22669845 t gcesareni "Eef2k was degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system through the ubiquitin ligase scf(__trcp) (skp1-cul1-f-box protein, __-transducin repeat-containing protein) to enable rapid resumption of translation elongation. This event required autophosphorylation of eef2k on a canonical __trcp-binding domain" SIGNOR-197730 OSI-420 chemical CID:18924996 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195248 L-arginine chemical CHEBI:16467 ChEBI SLC38A9 protein Q8NBW4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 29053970 t "SLC38A9 mediates the transport, in an arginine-regulated fashion, of many essential amino acids out of lysosomes, including leucine, which mTORC1 senses through the cytosolic Sestrin proteins" SIGNOR-254895 GTP smallmolecule CHEBI:15996 ChEBI GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 12040175 t gcesareni "Agonist binding triggers a conformational change in the receptor, which catalyses the dissociation of gdp from the alfa subunit followed by gtp-binding to galfa and the dissociation of galfa from gbetagamma subunits1. The alfa subunits of g proteins are divided into four subfamilies: galfas, galfai, galfaq and galfa12, and a single gpcr can couple to either one or more families of galfa proteins." SIGNOR-88238 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253442 FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256825 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr845 TASDGKLyVSSESRF 9606 16912036 t Manara "Src family kinases phosphorylate the Bcr-Abl SH3-SH2 region and modulate Bcr-Abl transforming activity. | Tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH3-SH2 region is essential for full Bcr-Abl biological activity." SIGNOR-260815 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr196 GMEEDHTyEGLDIDQ -1 9531288 t "Y182 of CD79a appears to be the initial and preferred site of Ag receptor phosphorylation by Src family kinases. In vitro, Src family Lyn and Fyn predominantly phosphorylate this residue in CD79a, and Y195 does so in CD79b" SIGNOR-251398 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000150 12554767 f gcesareni "Treatment of cells with estradiol resulted in phosphorylation of akt and a 9-fold increase in akt activity in 10 min." SIGNOR-97798 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0001103;BTO:0002314 22493066 f lperfetto "Constitutive Notch Activation Upregulates Pax7 and Promotes the Self-Renewal of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells" SIGNOR-219374 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser188 LYRSRMNsLEMTPAV 9606 BTO:0000007 15581622 t llicata "We have identified a putative consensus sequence for phosphorylation by akt/pkb of ho-1 at ser188. although the changes in activity are small, this study provides the first evidence for a role of the survival kinase akt in the regulation of ho-1." SIGNOR-161283 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr58 KKFELLPtPPLSPSR 10116 11018017 t "Phosphorylation of Thr 58, likely mediated by GSK-3 but dependent on the prior phosphorylation of Ser 62, is associated with degradation of Myc." SIGNOR-252080 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 25624455 f miannu "PTPRG activation inhibits chemoattractant induced LFA-1 affinity triggering and mediated adhesion in human primary monocytes.we show that PTPRG is a novel negative regulator of LFA-1 high-affinity-state triggering and mediated arrest by chemoattractants in human primary monocytes. Notably, PTKs of the JAK and SRC families have a regulatory role in LFA-1 affinity triggering, with JAKs showing a positive role (3), whereas SRCs possibly have a negative role (37). In our context, SRC appears inhibited by PTPRG activation (Table I), thus making it unlikely that the antiadhesive effect of PTPRG is mediated by SRC activation." SIGNOR-254735 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser330 RLSPIMAsTELDEVQ 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity phosphorylation of foxos by akt, ikk, erk, ck1, cdk2, and dyrk1a universally leads to foxo's inhibition." SIGNOR-252906 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 DEELSKKsQKWDEMN 9606 18250156 t gcesareni "Atm phosphorylates i-2 on serine 43, leading to the dissociation of the pp1-i-2 complex and the activation of pp1." SIGNOR-160648 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser674 QSPKRPRsPGSNSKV 9606 10648599 t lperfetto "Tfii-i can be phosphorylated in vitro by erk and mutation of consensus map kinase substrate sites at serines 627 and 633 impairs the phosphorylation of tfii-i by erk and its activity on the c-fos promoter. These results suggest that erk regulates the activity of tfii-i by direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-74308 α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266450 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2446 NKRSRTRtDSYSAGQ 9606 15905173 t lperfetto "Importantly, phosphorylation of mTOR by S6K1 occurs at threonine 2446/serine 2448. This region has been shown previously to be part of a regulatory repressor domain. These sites are also constitutively phosphorylated in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 carrying an amplification of the S6K1 geneit has been proposed that other inputs, in addition to phosphorylation of Thr-2446/Ser-2448 by S6K1, are part of the mechanism involved in inhibiting this repressor domain" SIGNOR-102051 LIMS2 protein Q7Z4I7 UNIPROT "IPP complex" complex SIGNOR-C380 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16493410 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin form a ternary complex (the IPP complex) that binds to ECM-ligated integrins. This complex regulates signalling pathways and connects the ECM with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-265764 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 8107774 t gcesareni "A new brain serine/threonine protein kinase may be a target for the p21ras-related proteins Cdc42 and Rac1. The kinase sequence is related to that of the yeast protein STE20, implicated in pheromone-response pathways." SIGNOR-248236 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser251 MIQFAINsTERKRMT 9606 19737929 t lperfetto "A conserved phosphorylation site within the forkhead domain of foxm1b is required for its activation by cyclin-cdk1the phosphorylation at ser-251 is critical for the activation of foxm1." SIGNOR-216833 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000944 15856019 t milica "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13." SIGNOR-236985 RASSF6 protein Q6ZTQ3 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22830020 t gcesareni "When rassf 6 is bound to mst2, rassf 6 inhibits mst2 activity, thus, inhibiting its role in the hippo pathway." SIGNOR-198463 bromocriptine chemical CHEBI:3181 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258366 NVP-BVU972 chemical CID:44206063 PUBCHEM MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194943 TNFSF13B protein Q9Y275 UNIPROT TNFRSF13C protein Q96RJ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 15644327 t lperfetto "Baff interacts with baff receptor (baffr)." SIGNOR-133210 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT PTS protein Q03393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser19 AQVSRRIsFSASHRL 9606 10531334 t gcesareni "Upon expression in cos-1 cells, ptps-s19a was stable but not phosphorylated and had a reduced activity of approximately 33% in comparison to wild-type ptps. Addition of cgmp stimulated phosphotransferase activity 2-fold. Extracts from transfected cos-1 cells overexpressing cgkii stimulated ser(19) phosphorylation more than 100-fold.In assays with purified enzymes, wild-type but not ptps-s19a was a specific substrate for the cgmp-dependent protein kinase (cgk) type i and ii. Upon expression in cos-1 cells, ptps-s19a was stable but not phosphorylated and had a reduced activity of approximately 33% in comparison to wild-type ptps" SIGNOR-71751 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT GAMT protein Q14353 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000614 18511691 t Luana "MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of six target genes. ChIP with anti-MeCP2 antibody shows that MeCP2 binds to the promoter regions of activated targets Sst, Oprk1, Gamt, and Gprin1, and repressed targets Mef2c and A2bp1." SIGNOR-264678 ketanserin chemical CHEBI:6123 ChEBI SLC18A1 protein P54219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000318 8643547 t miannu "Reserpine and ketanserin are slightly more potent inhibitors of VMAT2-mediated transport than of VMAT1-mediated transport, whereas tetrabenazine binds to and inhibits only VMAT2." SIGNOR-258493 "(1R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-2,2-dioxo-2$l^{6}-thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:94640 ChEBI GRM3 protein Q14832 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193772 Cyclopamine chemical CHEBI:4021 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001757 12202832 t gcesareni "We investigate the therapeutic efficacy of the Hh pathway antagonist cyclopamine in preclinical models of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Cyclopamine treatment of murine medulloblastoma cells blocked proliferation in vitro and induced changes in gene expression consistent with initiation of neuronal differentiation and loss of neuronal stem cell-like character." SIGNOR-174432 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr45 PGGTLFStTPGGTRI 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000443 SIGNOR-C3 17510057 t lperfetto "In response to insulin and nutrients, mTORC1, consisting of mTOR, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR), and mLST8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4EBP) and p70 S6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-154814 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TK1 protein P04183 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 LPTVLPGsPSKTRGQ 9606 14697231 t gcesareni "Given that the dimeric form of tk1 is less active than the tetrameric, we propose that mitotic phosphorylation of serine-13 is of physiological importance, in that it may counteract atp-dependent activation of tk1 by affecting its quaternary structure, thus attenuating its enzymatic function at the g2/m phase." SIGNOR-120368 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189966 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ESPL1 protein Q14674 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1126 IAPSTNSsPVLKTKP 9606 11747808 t lperfetto "Both cdc2/cyclinb1 and mapk (erk2) efficiently phosphorylate separase at its major inhibitory site in vitro" SIGNOR-113130 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22326956 t lperfetto "TGF-beta signaling mediates a wide range of biological activities in development and disease. TGF-beta ligands signal through heterodimeric type I and type II receptors (TGF-beta receptor type I [TbetaRI, also known as ALK5 and TGFBR1] and TbetaRII) that are members of the serine/threonine kinase family." SIGNOR-196022 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser71 RFIGRRQsLIEDARK 9606 7901013 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P07101-3" gcesareni "Mitogen-activated protein-kinase (map) kinase-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 (mapkap kinase-1, mapkap kinase-2), were found to phosphorylate bacterially expressed human tyrosine hydroxylaserecombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase (hth1) was found to be phosphorylated by mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (msk1) at ser40 and by p38 regulated/activated kinase (prak) on ser19. Phosphorylation by msk1 induced an increase in vmax" SIGNOR-34686 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1054 AVPEGHEyYRVREDG 9606 BTO:0000667 30029643 t "Since Jak-STAT pathway primarily activated in IL-15-me- diated cell proliferation, we tested whether it is also participates in IL-15-mediated proliferation of FAPs. Interestingly, we found the expression of phospho-Jak3 and phospho-Tyk2, as well as their downstream, phospho- STAT3 and phospho-STAT5, was significantly upregulated" SIGNOR-256221 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11470830 t miannu "In brain, dystroglycan and dystrophin are expressed on neurons and astrocytes, and some muscular dystrophies cause cognitive dysfunction. Our data indicate that dystroglycan is a physiological ligand for neurexins and that neurexins' tightly regulated interaction could mediate cell adhesion between brain cells. these results suggest that α- and β-neurexins represent ligands for dystroglycan via interactions of their LNS domains, analogous to interaction of the LNS-domain in laminin, agrin, and perlecan with dystroglycan." SIGNOR-265451 GRIK5 protein Q16478 UNIPROT D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "Glutamate (L-Glu) released from neurons interacts with kainate-type of glutamate receptors (Kain-R) in astrocytes to stimulate release of D-serine" SIGNOR-268276 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr419 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 10090 18482983 t "we identify SHP-2 and PTP-PEST as negative regulators of c-Src kinase | Inactivation of catalytically active c-Src kinase by the phosphatases SHP-2 or PTP-PEST by dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue Tyr-416 within the c-Src kinase domain prevents the phosphorylation of villin" SIGNOR-248670 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21233212 f miannu "We also found that KIBRA mRNA is induced by YAP overexpression in both murine and human cells, suggesting the evolutionary conservation of KIBRA as a transcriptional target of the Hippo signaling pathway. Thus, our study revealed a new connection between KIBRA and mammalian Hippo signaling." SIGNOR-263660 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT NR5A2 protein O00482 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12198243 t gcesareni "Here we show that shp can interact with the liver x receptors lxralpha (nr1h3) and lxrbeta (nr1h2), as demonstrated by glutathione-s-transferase pull-down assays, mammalian two-hybrid, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. In transfection assays, shp inhibits the expression of an artificial reporter driven by an lxr-response element and represses the transcriptional activation by lxr of the human atp-binding cassette transporter 1 (abca1) promoter" SIGNOR-92060 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr596 RGVSSRStFHAGQLR 9606 15084291 t lperfetto "Hpar-1b is phosphorylated by apkc on threonine 595 importantly, phosphorylation of hpar-1b on t595 negatively regulates the kinase activity and plasma membrane localization of hpar-1b in vivo." SIGNOR-124217 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19007744 t "Cytosolic p53" lperfetto "Mechanistic insights into the mitochondrial function of wtp53 came when it was realized that mitochondrially translocated p53 interacts directly with members of the Bcl-2 family, which are central in governing the induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. In response to stress, wtp53 interacts with and neutralizes the anti-apoptotic members Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. This interaction stimulates MOMP and subsequent apoptosis" SIGNOR-99712 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000158 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253798 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 7877691 t lperfetto "Activity of RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF blocked by Rb gene product" SIGNOR-262589 SMARCD2 protein Q92925 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270693 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT PMAIP1 protein Q13794 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 23136067 t miannu "SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 (RING box protein 2), ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), or RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), was originally cloned in our laboratory as a redox inducible antioxidant protein and later characterized as the second member of the RBX/ROC RING component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL-F-box Proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligase.  by forming a complex with other components of the SCF E3 ligase, SAG promotes ubiquitination and degradation of a number of protein substrates, including c-JUN, DEPTOR, HIF-1α, IκBα, NF1, NOXA, p27, and procaspase-3, thus regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes." SIGNOR-271446 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17386266 t lperfetto "Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of pras40 by akt/pkb suppresses its mtorc1 inhibitory activity." SIGNOR-236705 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr276 DGIMYYLtPQWDKIL 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262926 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser536 SGDEDFSsIADMDFS 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C13 15489227 t lperfetto "Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained ikkalpha, ikkbeta, ikkepsilon, and tbk1. collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter." SIGNOR-129931 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT NUPR1 protein O60356 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 19946894 f lperfetto "Nuclear protein 1 induced by ATF4 in response to various stressors acts as a positive regulator on the transcriptional activation of ATF4." SIGNOR-253730 "9-cis-retinoic acid" chemical CHEBI:50648 ChEBI RXRG protein P48443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18321241 t miannu "Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a unique panagonist retinoid, capable of binding to all six known retinoid receptors (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma)." SIGNOR-259239 "Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C240 SIGNOR "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18554741 f miannu "Endocytosis of the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV Spike Protein Together With Virus Receptor ACE2. Here, we demonstrate that the RBD spike protein alone can be internalized together with ACE2. We propose that after binding to ACE2, the RBD spike protein activates the ACE2 mediated cellular endocytosis signal pathway, by which SARS-CoV enters the susceptible cells." SIGNOR-260289 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15073170 f gcesareni "Rather, p53 expression stimulates the serine/threonine kinase ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (rsk1), which in turn phosphorylates the p65 subunit of nf-kb." SIGNOR-252816 "CoV2 Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C254 SIGNOR "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32221306 f miannu "We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 S protein entry on 293/hACE2 cells is mainly mediated through endocytosis, and that PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for virus entry. We further found that SARS-CoV-2 S protein could trigger syncytia in 293/hACE2 cells independent of exogenous protease." SIGNOR-260743 "CoV2 spike protein-NRP1" complex SIGNOR-C267 SIGNOR "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000108 33082293 t Luana "NRP mediates entry of nanoparticles coated with SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2) S–derived CendR peptides into cultured cells, olfactory epithelium, and the central nervous system of mice." SIGNOR-262316 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14739463 t miannu " We report that in neurons the stability of c-Jun is regulated by the E3 ligase SCF(Fbw7), which ubiquitinates phosphorylated c-Jun and facilitates c-Jun degradation. " SIGNOR-272949 REL protein Q04864 UNIPROT CSRP1 protein P21291 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14522018 f "We conclude that c-Rel regulates CRP expression without the requirement of binding to a kappaB site, and binds directly to C/EBPbeta to facilitate the binding of C/EBPbeta to the CRP promoter" SIGNOR-254063 HPS4 protein Q9NQG7 UNIPROT BLOC-3 complex SIGNOR-C253 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20048159 t lperfetto "Two of these genes, HPS1 and HPS4, encode components of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3). Herein we show that recombinant HPS1-HPS4 produced in insect cells can be efficiently isolated as a 1:1 heterodimer." SIGNOR-260692 "CoV2 Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C254 SIGNOR Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32231345 f doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.983247 miannu "Unlike SARS-CoV, live SARS-CoV-2-infected cells were found to form typical syncytium, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may mainly utilize the plasma membrane fusion pathway to enter and replicate inside host cells. Consistently, in the cell-cell fusion system, SARS-CoV-2 S protein could effectively mediate the formation of syncytium between the effector cell and the target cell in the absence of an exogenous proteolytic enzyme, e.g., trypsin, while SARS-CoV S protein could not. Actually, the plasma membrane fusion pathway is more efficient than the endosomal membrane fusion pathway for most viruses because the latter is more prone to activating the host cell antiviral immunity." SIGNOR-260741 "CoV2 Spike protein-ACE2" complex SIGNOR-C254 SIGNOR Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32221306 f miannu "We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 S protein entry on 293/hACE2 cells is mainly mediated through endocytosis, and that PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for virus entry. We further found that SARS-CoV-2 S protein could trigger syncytia in 293/hACE2 cells independent of exogenous protease." SIGNOR-260744 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser116 KDIIRQPsEEEIIKL BTO:0000099 9721757 t llicata "Partly purified PEA-15 was a substrate in vitro for CaMKII, but not for casein kinase II. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping demonstrated that the site phosphorylated in vitro by CaMKII was also phosphorylated in intact astrocytes in response to endothelin. CaMKII phosphorylated selectively Ser116 and had no effect on Ser104, but in vitro phosphorylation by CaMKII appeared to facilitate further phosphorylation by protein kinase C. " SIGNOR-250701 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22094256 t tpavlidou "We identified the forkhead box m1 (foxm1) transcription factor as a common critical phosphorylation target. Cdk4/6 stabilize and activate foxm1, thereby maintain expression of g1/s phase genes, suppress the levels of reactive oxygen species (ros), and protect cancer cells from senescence." SIGNOR-177266 MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25636800 t miannu "After ligand binding, cGAS and RIG-I signal through respective adaptor proteins STING and MAVS to recruit the kinases IKK and TBK1, which then activate the transcription factors NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), respectively." SIGNOR-260144 FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 30616754 t lperfetto "FBP1, but not FBP2, suppresses HIF-1a activity by directly binding to its inhibitory domain." SIGNOR-267590 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-269892 FCER1G protein P30273 UNIPROT FCER1G/FCER1G complex SIGNOR-C199 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000830 16470226 t "Alessandro Palma" "FcepsilonRI is a tetrameric receptor that comprises an alpha-chain, which is responsible for binding IgE, as well as a beta-chain and a disulphide-linked gamma-chain homo dimer, which are responsible for initiating signalling." SIGNOR-254961 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15747065 t gcesareni "Cki_/_ binds and phosphorylates lef-1, and this phosphorylation disrupts lef-1_-catenin interaction" SIGNOR-134494 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30017632 t miannu "The downstream molecules including mad2, smad3, smad4 and smad7 are involved in TGF-β1-induced EMT,while Smad7 blocks the smad3 expression" SIGNOR-260437 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004093 25786978 t lperfetto "First, EPCs incorporated into the neovascular region recognize the TGFBIp secreted by cells in the environment via binding to integrins a4 and a5. Second, binding of TGFBIp to integrins in EPCs induces phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules in a pathway necessary for TGFBIp-mediated angiogenic activity of EPCs. In addition, binding of TGFBIp to integrins activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway that induces expression of DLL1 and JAG1 in EPCs." SIGNOR-253284 VEGFC protein P49767 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000763 9435229 t gcesareni "Vegf-c is also a ligand for vegfr-2 (12), but the functional significance of this potential interaction in vivo is unknown" SIGNOR-55208 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT CLTB protein P09497 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser205 LCDFNPKsSKQCKDV 9606 22704991 t llicata "Moreover, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser204 in clcb is required for efficient endocytosis of a subset of gpcrs and identify g protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (grk2) as a kinase that can phosphorylate clcb on ser204. Overexpression of clcb(s204a) specifically inhibits the endocytosis of those gpcrs whose endocytosis is grk2-dependent." SIGNOR-197873 NFX1 protein Q12986 UNIPROT PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004117 17267499 t miannu "NFX1-123 augments the activation of hTERT expression through interactions with PABPCs" SIGNOR-226011 3-(carbamoylamino)-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-[(3S)-3-piperidinyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:131156 ChEBI CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190206 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1062 TWIENKLyGMSDPNW 9606 16778204 t gcesareni "Ptprj expression induces dephosphorylation of the ret(c634r) and, probably via an indirect mechanism, ret/ptc1 oncoproteins on two key ret autophosphorylation sites (tyr1062 and tyr905). in line with this finding, adoptive ptprj expression reduced the oncogenic activity of ret" SIGNOR-147161 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 GSRRGRAtPAQTPRS 9606 BTO:0000567 12714602 t lperfetto "We report here that human mcm4, a subunit of the putative dna replicative helicase, is extensively phosphorylated in hela cells when they are incubated in the presence of inhibitors of dna synthesis or are exposed to uv irradiation. The data presented here indicate that the consecutive actions of atr-chk1 and cdk2 kinases are involved in this phosphorylation in the presence of hydroxyurea. Phosphorylation of t19 correlates with lowered level of dna helicase activity of the purified mcm4,6,7 complex." SIGNOR-100877 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 16319681 f lperfetto "The transcription factor C/EBPalpha controls differentiation and proliferation in normal granulopoiesis in a stage-specific manner. Loss of C/EBPalpha function in myeloid cells in vitro and in vivo leads to a block to myeloid differentiation similar to that which is observed in malignant cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The finding of C/EBPalpha alterations in subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia patients suggests a direct link between critically decreased C/EBPalpha function and the development of the disorder." SIGNOR-250572 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 10702384 t gcesareni "This dephosphorylation returns prb to its active, growth suppressive state." SIGNOR-75398 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18423204 t gcesareni "We show that rac1 activates jnk2 that in turn phosphorylates beta-catenin on critical residues and controls its nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-178265 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 24737129 f "simone vumbaca" "We have identified a novel role for p53 that is specific to the regulation of several pro-inflammatory genes in human macrophages, including IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL1. Importantly, NF-κB co-activation is essential for this regulation" SIGNOR-255969 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25787076 f miannu "We determined that Stat3 activation increases caspase-3 expression in C2C12 cells." SIGNOR-255335 TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2." SIGNOR-201324 TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16098474 t scontino "TPO plays a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis by catalyzing both the iodination of tyrosine residues to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT) residues. The first step in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis is the binding of iodine to tyrosine residues in Tg, which yields MIT and DIT residues." SIGNOR-267030 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19151762 f lperfetto "Cell cycle progression is monitored constantly to ensure faithful passage of genetic codes and genome stability. We have demonstrated previously that, upon DNA damage, TTK/hMps1 activates the checkpoint kinase CHK2 by phosphorylating CHK2 at Thr68" SIGNOR-242619 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT ELF4 protein Q99607 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20805247 f miannu "we determined that E2F1 specifically binds to MEF promoter and transactivates MEF." SIGNOR-253849 1038915-60-4 chemical CID:24958200 PUBCHEM PARP2 protein Q9UGN5 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194402 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 16226275 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "First, Erk phosphorylates HePTP at residues Thr45 and Ser72. Second, HePTP dephosphorylates Erk at PTyr185.|" SIGNOR-270202 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21460634 t miannu "We could prove that ulk1-mediated phosphorylation of ampk reduced its level of phosphorylation at t172 of the _-subunit and hence interferes with its catalytic activity. I" SIGNOR-173089 C1QBP protein Q07021 UNIPROT "Complement C1q" complex SIGNOR-C308 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 28018340 t lperfetto "Previous studies have shown that gC1qR inhibits aggregated IgG-mediated complement activation by binding to the gC1q site on C1q, thereby preventing IgG from binding to the gh’s (28), suggesting that the binding sites for gC1qR and IgG on C1q may be identical or at least overlapping." SIGNOR-263401 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser363 ALLQSSAsRKTQKKK 9606 11325528 t lperfetto "We found that Ebp1 was basally phosphorylated in AU565 breast cancer cells on serine/threonine residues and that this phosphorylation was enhanced by heregulin treatment. Both serine and threonine residues of a GST-Ebp1 fusion protein were phosphorylated by PKC in vitro. In vivo, we demonstrated that basal Ebp1 phosphorylation was dependent upon PKC." SIGNOR-249091 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT CTPS1 protein P17812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255518 1-[2-chloro-4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolinyl)oxy]phenyl]-3-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea chemical CHEBI:91327 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207299 panobinostat chemical CHEBI:85990 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257753 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 PAPARPRsPSQTRKG 9606 15262992 t lperfetto "Thus, we propose that mapk phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 controls ngf receptor/trka-mediated endocytosis by terminating the amphiphysin1-ap-2 interaction.Our results indicate that phosphorylation of amphiphysin 1 at ser-285 and/or ser-293 affects the function of amphiphysin1.Mapk phosphorylation of ser-285 and ser-293 could modulate the interaction between prd and ap-2, resulting in the dissociation of amphiphysin1 from ap-2." SIGNOR-126867 "NVP-BSK805 dihydrochloride" chemical CID:57339395 PUBCHEM JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194934 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT MEIS2 protein O14770 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21746878 t miannu "We show that the Pbx1 and Meis2 homeodomain proteins interact with Klf4 and can be recruited to DNA elements comprising a Klf4 site or G C box, with adjacent Meis and Pbx sites. Meis2d and Pbx1a activate expression of p15(Ink4a) and E-cadherin, dependent on the Meis2d transcriptional activation domain. We suggest a model in which genes with Klf4 sites can be cooperatively activated by Meis2/Pbx1 and Klf4, dependent primarily on recruitment by Klf4." SIGNOR-267238 KAT6A/KAT6B complex SIGNOR-C54 SIGNOR RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 11965546 t lperfetto "Moz and morf both interact with runx2 / while morf does not acetylate runx2, its sm domain potentiates runx2-dependent transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-217204 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 15780598 t lperfetto "Upon ligand binding, IL-2R , IL-6R or LeptinR , IFN-_R , IFN-_R and PRLR or growth hormone (GH) receptor associated JAKs become activated. These JAKs mediate phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues and recruit STATs. Activated STATs are released from the receptor and translocate to the nucleus. PTP1B dephosphorylates JAK2, TYK2 and STAT5 . The 45-kDa form of TC-PTP was shown to dephosphorylate JAK1 and JAK3 as well as STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5." SIGNOR-134564 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT DIAPH1 protein O60610 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000815 22820501 t lperfetto "We find that the small GTPase Rho regulates R-cadherin adherens junction formation via Dia1 (also known as p140mDia) and profilin-1-mediated signaling pathway. The role played by Rho in regulating R-cadherin is underscored by the fact that constitutively active RhoA(Q63L) induces R-cadherin junction formation in MDA-MB-231 cells.|Data presented thus far demonstrated that Rho, Dia1, and profilin-1 were required for R-cadherin junction formation in N480 cells." SIGNOR-253108 PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase epsilon" complex SIGNOR-C377 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 12930972 t lperfetto "Processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases delta and epsilon requires the cellular replication factor C (RF‐C) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)." SIGNOR-265512 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT NPPB protein P16860 UNIPROT unknown "transcriptional regulation" 15837525 f "In comparison to the ANF gene, less is known about BNP promoter consensus elements that regulate gene expression by mechanical or neurohumoral agonists. A number of cis-acting elements for GATA, Nkx2.5, NF-kappaB and TEF transcription factors have recently been identified within the BNP promoter that regulate BNP expression in response to specific agonists. This review focuses on the information available regarding cis-acting determinants responsible for inducible BNP transcription." SIGNOR-253648 CSF3 protein P09919 UNIPROT CSF3R protein Q99062 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16492764 t gcesareni "The gcsf:gcsf-r complex formed a 2:2 stoichiometry by means of a cross-over interaction between the ig-like domains of gcsf-r and gcsf. the ig-like domain cross-over structure necessary for gcsf-r activation is consistent with previously reported thermodynamic and mutational analyses." SIGNOR-144743 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17419683 f gcesareni "Gli activators bind to gaccaccca motif to regulate transcription of gli1, ptch1, ptch2, hhip1, mycn, ccnd1, ccnd2, bcl2, cflar, foxf1, foxl1, prdm1 (blimp1), jag2, grem1, and follistatin." SIGNOR-154234 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RXR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF44 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 17132853 t miannu "The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma." SIGNOR-256190 DUSP7 protein Q16829 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "The activity of mapks can be also regulated by a family of dusps, which dephosphorylates bot phosphotyrosine and phopsphothreonine residues" SIGNOR-166577 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys19 VKRLLGWkKSAGGSG 9606 SIGNOR-C7 17074756 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that both smad2 and smad3 are acetylated by the coactivators p300 and cbp in a tgfbeta-dependent manner. Smad2 is also acetylated by p/caf. The acetylation of smad2 was significantly higher than that of smad3. Lys(19) in the mh1 domain was identified as the major acetylated residue in both the long and short isoform of smad2.....acetylation of the short isoform of smad2 improves its dna binding activity in vitro and enhances its association with target promoters in vivo, thereby augmenting its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-150273 DDX39B protein Q13838 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33191911 t miannu "The TREX complex is found in all eukaryotes and contains the multi-subunit THO complex, the DEXD-box RNA helicase UAP56/DDX39B (yeast Sub2), and an RNA export adapter such as ALYREF (yeast Yra1). The human THO complex comprises six subunits, THOC1, −2, –3, −5, –6, and −7, of which four have known counterparts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc): THOC1 (yeast Hpr1), −2 (yeast Tho2), −3 (yeast Tex3), and −7 (yeast Mft1) . In this study we focus on the conserved TREX complex (Heath et al., 2016; Xie and Ren, 2019): THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF, and hereafter refer to UAP56/DDX39B as UAP56." SIGNOR-268512 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity" SIGNOR-252891 captopril chemical CHEBI:3380 ChEBI ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9187274 t Monia "The interaction of captopril at one active site of wild-type ACE impeding substrate interaction with the other active site." SIGNOR-261069 PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 12612073 t gcesareni "Here we identify two domains of prb, erid-i and -ii, mediating a direct interaction with the ligand-binding domain of eralpha." SIGNOR-98807 NDUFS3 protein O75489 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The Q-module is built through the association of NDUFA5, NDUFS2 and NDUFS3 plus NDUFS7 and NDUFS8. The chaperones NDUFAF3/C3ORF60 and NDUFAF4/C6ORF66 [36,37] remain bound to this module until the final assembly steps [34]. NDUFAF6/C8ORF38 [38] also seems to participate in the assembly of the Q-module [24,39]. NDUFAF3, 4 and 6, are necessary to maintain normal MT-ND1 synthesis [40,41]. NDUFAF5 adds a hydroxyl group to Arg73 of NDUFS7 [42] and NDUFAF7 dimethylates NDUFS2 in Arg85 [43], an essential modification for cI assembly [44]. NUBPL/IND1 delivers [4Fe–4S] clusters specifically to the N- and Q-module subunits [45,46]." SIGNOR-262177 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr470 AYATEAVyESAEAPG -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254696 gefitinib chemical CHEBI:49668 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192623 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser96 FVCQDKSsGYHYGVS 9606 BTO:0000551 16417524 t miannu "We report that akt, which is constitutively activated in nsclc cells, phosphorylates raralpha and inhibits its transactivation. / mutation of ser96 to alanine abrogated the suppressive effect of akt." SIGNOR-252489 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 24708856 t miannu "We found overexpression of miR-155 led to increase in cJUN, FOS and TRIB2, and decrease in MEIS1, GFI1, cMYC and JARID2." SIGNOR-255761 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15356145 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb2-associated binder 2 on serine 623 by erk mapk regulates its association with the phosphatase shp-2 and decreases stat5 activation.We and others have demonstrated that il-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of gab2 and its interaction with its sh2 domain-containing partners, shp-2, p85 pi3k, and crkl (5, 26, 27). we report that pretreatment of kit 225 cells with the mek inhibitor u0126, strongly decreased the characteristic shift of gab2 in response to il-2 and increased gab2/shp-2 association, an effect that could be ascribed to erk phosphorylation of serine 623." SIGNOR-270000 ZWINT protein O95229 UNIPROT "RZZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C357 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20462495 t lperfetto "The RZZ complex recruits dynein to kinetochores. We investigated structure, topology, and interactions of the RZZ subunits (ROD, ZWILCH, and ZW10) in vitro, in vivo, and in silico." SIGNOR-265013 EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266395 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 TVLVKDStNRDSLDM 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129296 SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253403 C10orf90 protein Q96M02 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 24240685 t miannu "The E3 activity of FATS is required for promoting p53 stability and activation in response to DNA damage.FATS is an E2-independent ubiquitin ligase that stabilizes p53 and promotes its activation in response to DNA damage. Here, we show that FATS acts as a p53 activator by inhibiting Mdm2 binding to p53 and stimulating non-proteolytic polyubiquitination of p53." SIGNOR-272142 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 26971449 t lperfetto "We then examined the effect of necdin on ubiquitin-dependent degradation of PGC-1α using Rnf34, a PGC-1α E3 ubiquitin ligase22. Rnf34 reduced the PGC-1α level, and necdin completely inhibited the reduction (Fig. 4i). In addition, necdin strongly suppressed Rnf34-mediated ubiquitination of PGC-1α (Fig. 4j). Necdin also protected PGC-1α against ubiquitination mediated by Fbxw7, another PGC-1α E3 ubiquitin ligase23 (Fig. 4k). These data indicate that necdin stabilizes PGC-1α by inhibiting its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasomal system." SIGNOR-253394 α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265814 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15340381 t gcesareni "The F-box family of proteins €” which are the substrate-recognition components of the Skp1€“Cul1€“F-box-protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase €” are important players in many mammalian functions." SIGNOR-243760 APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "-Secretase is a four subunit, 19-pass transmembrane enzymeBiochemical studies indicated that -secretase activity is catalyzed by the presenilin (PS)-containing macromolecular complex (Li et al., 2000a). The search for other components of the complex revealed three additional proteins: nicastrin (Nct), anterior pharynx-defective-1 (Aph-1), and presenilin enhancer-2 (Pen-2)" SIGNOR-209714 IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20966354 t lperfetto "Irs proteins are capable of both regulating and activating pi3k, depending on the cell of origin." SIGNOR-168985 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT IFNAR1 protein P17181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr466 VFLRCINyVFFPSLK -1 8605876 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that, in vitro, p135tyk2 phosphorylates two tyrosines on IFNaR1. A phosphopeptide corresponding to the major phosphorylation site (Tyr466) binds STAT2, but not STAT1, in an SH-2-dependent manner. Furthermore, only latent, non-phosphorylated STAT2 interacts with this phosphopeptide. When this phosphopeptide is introduced into permeabilized cells, the IFN alpha-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of both STATs is blocked. Finally, mutant versions of IFNaR1, in which Tyr466 is changed to phenylalanine, can act in a dominant negative manner to inhibit phosphorylation of STAT2." SIGNOR-246934 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT BNIP2 protein Q12982 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18678706 t lperfetto "Bnip-2 and jlp are brought together through mutual interaction with cdo. the cdo-bnip-2 interaction stimulates cdc42 activity, which in turn promotes p38alpha/beta activity and cell differentiation." SIGNOR-179864 ARPC2 protein O15144 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12479800 t "The subunits in mammalian cells are named Arp3, Arp2, p41-Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc and p16-Arc" SIGNOR-251514 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191478 E2F4 protein Q16254 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 18504435 t lperfetto "This TGF-beta response is triggered through a Smad2/3-dependent hypophosphorylation of Rb and the subsequent association of the Rb/E2F4 repressive complex to CDE/CHR elements in the proximal region of the survivin promoter." SIGNOR-271678 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT GP9 protein P14770 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002581 15466856 f miannu "Both Fli-1 and GATA-1 are required for formation of an active transcriptional complex on the C-MPL and GPIX promoters in vivo." SIGNOR-254160 NLGN3 protein Q9NZ94 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264142 HOXD12 protein P35452 UNIPROT MAFF protein Q9ULX9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221884 HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257220 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser8 MTTEQRRsLQAFQDY 9606 BTO:0000007 23499489 t lperfetto "We identified PP1alpha and PP1gamma as primary phosphatases responsible for MDA5 and RIG-I dephosphorylation, leading to their activation.|endogenous RIG-I and MDA5 that interacted with PP1 exhibited markedly decreased phosphorylation levels at S8 and S88, respectively " SIGNOR-264581 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270618 PRRX1 protein P54821 UNIPROT MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221893 PTPN9 protein P43378 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12907755 t fspada "Using ghr hyper-phosphorylated by elk kinase, we have identified tc-ptp, ptp- , pyst-2, sap1, meg-2, ptp1b, and ptph1 as having substrate specificity for this receptor. In addition, we have shown that these same ptps (or rather their nonmutated counterparts) can dephosphorylate the ghr." SIGNOR-104577 RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT SUMO2 protein P61956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 18408734 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that the RING-domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase, RNF4 (also known as SNURF), targets poly-SUMO-modified proteins for degradation mediated by ubiquitin. RNF4 depletion or proteasome inhibition led to accumulation of mixed, polyubiquitinated, poly-SUMO chains. PML protein accumulated in RNF4-depleted cells and was ubiquitinated by RNF4 in a SUMO-dependent fashion in vitro.RNF4 preferentially binds to and ubiquitinates SUMO-2 polymers over SUMO-2 monomers in vitro" SIGNOR-272640 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21659604 t gcesareni "The adaptor protein grb10 was identified as an mtorc1 substrate that mediates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase." SIGNOR-174071 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30500954 f irozzo "Notably, upregulation of c-KIT expression by FUBP1 and RUNX1 promotes cell proliferation and renders cells more resistant to the c-KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate, a common therapeutic drug." SIGNOR-259132 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr279 PPLEYQPyQSIYVGG 9606 BTO:0000007 8955135 t lperfetto "In the present study, we demonstrate that bcr tyr-246 and at least one of the closely spaced tyrosine residues, tyr-279, tyr-283, and tyr- 289 (3y cluster), are phosphorylated by fes both in vitro and in 32p(i)- labeled cells. tyrosine phosphorylation of bcr by fes suppressed bcr serine/threonine kinase activity toward the 14-3-3 protein and bcr substrate, bap-1." SIGNOR-45334 "3-phenanthryl hydrogen sulfate" chemical CHEBI:37459 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7576010 t miannu "The affinities of D2 receptors for agonists and antagonists were compared for receptors labeled with [1251]-7-OHPIPAT and with [*251]-NCQ-298 under conditions that promote, respectively, coupling or uncoupling of receptors to G proteins. Table 1." SIGNOR-258438 TFAP2C protein Q92754 UNIPROT SULT1E1 protein P49888 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002828 17187826 f miannu "Comparative cDNA microarray hybridization identified a set of genes induced by overexpression of AP2alpha and AP2gamma in HMECs. The up-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABPII), EST-1, and ECM1 was induced by overexpression of AP2alpha, AP2gamma, or a chimeric AP2 factor in which the activation domain of AP2alpha was replaced by the activation domain of herpesvirus VP16." SIGNOR-255399 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI Thermogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH192 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24692351 f scontino "TH plays a significant role in energy expenditure through both central and peripheral actions. TH maintains basal metabolic rate, facilitates adaptive thermogenesis, modulates appetite and food intake, and regulates body weight." SIGNOR-267492 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT CYP2B6 protein P20813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18303024 f miannu "The CYP2B6 enzyme metabolizes commonly used therapeutics and also activates pro-drugs. The CAR directly binds to the distal enhancer element of the CYP2B6 promoter, which is essential in converging to its drug-sensing function onto promoter activity. However, this binding alone is not sufficient to activate the CYP2B6 promoter; the promoter requires EGR1 to enable CAR to activate the CYP2B6 promoter." SIGNOR-253874 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr735 DTEWRSVtLPRDLQS 9606 18794806 t lperfetto "Here, we identify clk1, clk4, mst1, mst2 and ttk (also known as mps1) as novel thr735 kinases in vitro / phosphorylation of thr735 in c-abl is critical for binding to 14-3-3" SIGNOR-181031 PDRG1 protein Q9NUG6 UNIPROT "URI1 prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C514 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484151 t miannu "In humans, the R2TP complex consists of orthologous proteins named RUVBL1, RUVBL2, RPAP3, and PIH1D1  and the PFDL module is composed of two α (UXT and URI1) and four β subunits (PFDN2, PFDN6, PDRG1, and one of them likely duplicated) as well as two additional members, the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2E/RPB5, and WDR92" SIGNOR-270915 XRCC4 protein Q13426 UNIPROT "Lig4-Xrcc4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C354 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 19837014 t miannu "The DNA ligase IV-Xrcc4 complex is responsible for the ligation of broken DNA ends in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA double strand break repair in mammals." SIGNOR-264532 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 YLDSGIHsGATTTAP 9606 SIGNOR-C110 11955436 t gcesareni "Wnt regulation of beta-catenin degradation is essential for development and carcinogenesis. beta-catenin degradation is initiated upon amino-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation, which is believed to be performed by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in complex with tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adnomatous polyposis coli (APC)." SIGNOR-116524 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT RASGEF1B protein Q0VAM2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18396012 f miannu "We demonstrate that E2F1 induces ERK activation via a transcriptional mechanism and upregulates the expression of two guanine nucleotide exchange factors, RASGRP1 and RASGEF1B, which promote Ras activation." SIGNOR-253851 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI SLC25A13 protein Q9UJS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 12084073 t miannu "Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane." SIGNOR-265153 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT FAF2 protein Q96CS3 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272698 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT HOMER2 protein Q9NSB8 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272699 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT TOM1L2 protein Q6ZVM7 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272700 2-[[2-[[1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-oxoethyl]-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]amino]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-6-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:93768 ChEBI INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192871 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser49 REQQEQLsLQQTIID 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262722 NLGN4Y protein Q8NFZ3 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Like NRXNs, NLGNs bind to intracellular PDZ-domain proteins, but in contrast to NRXNs, NLGNs bind to class I PDZ domains such as those contained in PSD95, a postsynaptic MAGUK protein65. PSD95 and its homologues are centrally involved in recruiting glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites66. Similarly to CASK, PSD95 binds to intracellular adaptor proteins, and especially to GKAP (a protein that binds to the guanylate-kinase domain of PSD95), which, in turn, binds to SHANK proteins (Fig. 1b). A possible role of these interactions is to recruit postsynaptic adaptor proteins to the site of synaptic junctions." SIGNOR-264190 HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21148293 t miannu "JB12 cooperates with cytosolic Hsc70 and the ubiquitin ligase RMA1 to target CFTR and CFTRΔF508 for degradation. JB12 drives Hsc70 to associate with CFTR and the RMA1 E3 complex" SIGNOR-271493 epinastine chemical CHEBI:51032 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257779 NXPH1 protein P58417 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9856994 t gcesareni "Purification of neurexin ialpha revealed that it is tightly complexed to a secreted glycoprotein called neurexophilin 1" SIGNOR-62699 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr12 DSQQTNDyMQPEEDW 9606 23454549 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at y12 by fak reduces _-actinin1's affinity for actin ." SIGNOR-192126 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT FZD7 protein O75084 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 7227 10862746 t gcesareni "Consistent with this, xfz7 biochemically and functionally interacts with xwnt11" SIGNOR-78406 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT USP16 protein Q9Y5T5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser386 HESFLDLsLPVLDDQ -1 26323689 t done miannu "Plk1 phosphorylates and activates Usp16. In vitro phosphorylation of Usp16 with single (S330A, S386A, or S486A) or collective 3A (S330A/S386A/S486A) mutation showed that Plk1 phosphorylated Usp16 at all three sites (Fig. S2 D)." SIGNOR-274015 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser50 GTLFQDPsFPAIPSA 9606 14993287 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor activates m-calpain (calpain ii), at least in part, by extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated phosphorylation.We now show that erk directly phosphorylates and activates m-calpain both in vitro and in vivo. We identified serine 50 as required for epidermal growth factor (egf)-induced calpain activation in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-123079 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AHNAK protein Q09666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser216 PSGSGAAsPTGSAVD 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262762 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK4 protein P57078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination lys51 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation.Lysine residues K51 and K145 of RIP4 are critical for cIAP1-mediated ubiquitination and NF-kB activation." SIGNOR-272706 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TPH1 protein P17752 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 RKSKRRNsEFEIFVD -1 9109552 t miannu "The activation of tryptophan hydroxylase by protein kinase A is mediated by the phosphorylation of serine-58 within the regulatory domain of the enzyme." SIGNOR-250062 FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1169 VQQDGKDyIPINAIL 9606 9299537 t lperfetto "Tyr-1169 and tyr-1213 on flt-1 were found to be auto-phosphorylated these results strongly suggest that tyr-1169 on flt-1 is a major binding site for plcgamma and important for flt-1 signal transduction within the cell" SIGNOR-50834 TFIIIB complex SIGNOR-C393 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9308965 t lperfetto "Transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) requires multiple general initiation factors that, in isolated form, assemble onto the promoter in an ordered fashion. Here, it is shown that all components required for transcription of the VA1 and tRNA genes, including TFIIIB, TFIIIC, and RNA Pol III, can be coimmunopurified from a HeLa cell line that constantly expresses a FLAG epitope-tagged subunit of human RNA Pol III." SIGNOR-266181 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270985 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 16282323 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylation serves as a signal for bim ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-141584 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10085140 t gcesareni "Our results indicate that atf-2 not only directly binds to smad3/4 hetero-oligomers but also that atf-2 is phosphorylated by tgf-beta signaling via tak1 and p38. The two pathways, smad and tak1, synergistically enhance the activity of atf-2 which acts as their common nuclear target" SIGNOR-65586 "PAQosome co-chaperone complex" complex SIGNOR-C516 SIGNOR "Chaperone-mediated protein folding" phenotype SIGNOR-PH120 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29203338 f miannu "The PAQosome, an R2TP-Based Chaperone for Quaternary Structure Formation. The Rvb1-Rvb2-Tah1-Pih1/prefoldin-like (R2TP/PFDL) complex is a unique chaperone that provides a platform for the assembly and maturation of many key multiprotein complexes in mammalian cells. Here, we propose to rename R2TP/PFDL as PAQosome (particle for arrangement of quaternary structure) to more accurately represent its unique function." SIGNOR-270920 GNAI2 protein P04899 UNIPROT TNFAIP8 protein O95379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20607800 t "TNFAIP8: a new effector for Galpha(i) coupling to reduce cell death and induce cell transformation" SIGNOR-256492 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PSMA7 protein O14818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr106 EDPVTVEyITRYIAS 9606 25620702 t Manara "PSMA7 degradation is suppressed by c-Abl-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation at Y106" SIGNOR-260937 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT DCUN1D1 protein Q96GG9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" monoubiquitination "Lys 143" KLKAQIPkMEQELKE 9606 BTO:0000007 21813641 t miannu "Here we revealed a previously unknown mechanism that regulates hDCNL1. In cultured mammalian cells ectopically expressed hDCNL1 was mono-ubiquitinated predominantly at K143, K149, and K171. Using a classical chromatographic purification strategy, we identified Nedd4-1 as an E3 ligase that can catalyze mono-ubiquitination of hDCNL1 in a reconstituted ubiquitination system.Taken together, these results suggest a mono-ubiquitination-mediated mechanism that governs nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of hDCNL1," SIGNOR-272717 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT KARS1 protein Q15046 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 18715867 t "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Gly86Arg (mutation causing interaction)" "In the presence of mutant SOD1, mitoKARS displays a high propensity to misfold and aggregate prior to its import into mitochondria, becoming a target for proteasome degradation." SIGNOR-262800 CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000078 18626062 f miannu "CD38 knockdown was found to increase apoptosis in normal microglia, but played a protective role in LPS-stimulated microglia and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion (Figure 1)" SIGNOR-264255 BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8006002 t fspada "BMP-4 bound to ALK-3 and ALK-6 efficiently" SIGNOR-236932 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT DBNL protein Q9UJU6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr334 QAEEEAVyEEPPEQE 9606 BTO:0000782 14557276 t lperfetto "We found an interaction between the tyrosine kinase zap-70 and hip-55, which was induced by tcr stimulation. Zap-70 phosphorylated hip-55 at tyr-334 and tyr-344, which were shown to be the tyrosine phosphorylation sites of hip-55 in stimulated t cells.Our results demonstrate for the first time that hip-55 is an important adaptor protein for the jnk kinase cascade in tcr signaling." SIGNOR-118691 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257263 RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003104 12808052 t lperfetto "The critical cytoplasmic regions of the alphaL/beta2 integrin in Rap1-induced adhesion and migration|Rap1 is a potent inside-out signal that increases LFA-1 adhesive activity." SIGNOR-253362 canertinib chemical CHEBI:61399 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191009 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PLN protein P26678 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr17 SAIRRAStIEMPQQA 10090 BTO:0003265 19696029 t "Akt interacts with and phosphorylates PLN at Thr(17), the Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent kinase IIdelta site, whereas silencing Akt signaling, through the knock-out of phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase-1, resulted in reduced phosphorylation of PLN at Thr(17)." SIGNOR-252035 THEM4 protein Q5T1C6 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11598301 t gcesareni "Here, we describe a protein partner for pkbalpha termed ctmp, or carboxyl-terminal modulator protein, that binds specifically to the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain of pkbalpha at the plasma membrane. Binding of ctmp reduces the activity of pkbalpha by inhibiting phosphorylation on serine 473 and threonine 308." SIGNOR-111003 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 1904542 t irozzo "The proteins encoded by the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun (Fos and Jun, respectively) form a heterodimeric complex that regulates transcription by interacting with the DNA-regulatory element known as the activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding site." SIGNOR-256363 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2153 LDIPLQThrPHKLVD -1 26051540 t irozzo "Cdk1 phosphorylates conserved sites within RanBP2 and activates BicD2 binding and early dynein recruitment." SIGNOR-259117 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 HQLFRGFsFVATGLM 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219316 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0005490 30026574 t miannu "We have shown that CRBN is also targeted for degradation by SCFFbxo7 ubiquitin ligase. " SIGNOR-272316 LIF protein P15018 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9143707 t gcesareni "Stimulation of cells with the interleukin-6 family of cytokines triggers homo- or hetero-dimerization of gp130. The dimerization of gp130 leads to activation of associated cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and subsequent modification of transcription factors.Some Of these biological activities of il-6 are also often exerted by other cytokines, i.e. Il-11, lif, osm, cntf, and ct-2" SIGNOR-48108 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 25477897 t miannu "The down-regulation of miR-29b is thought to promote DNA hypermethylation in AML since miR-29b can directly target DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and Sp1 (a transcriptional regulator of DNMT3" SIGNOR-255795 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1981 SLAFEEGsQSTTISS 9606 16949371 t "Here, we report that deficiency of Wip1 resulted in activation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. In turn, overexpression of Wip1 was sufficient to reduce activation of the ATM-dependent signaling cascade after DNA damage. Wip1 dephosphorylated ATM Ser1981, a site critical for ATM monomerization and activation" SIGNOR-248325 FGB protein P02675 UNIPROT Fibrinogen complex SIGNOR-C311 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25427968 t lperfetto "Fibrinogen is a plasma glycoprotein mainly synthesised by hepatocytes and circulating as a 340-kDa hexamer consisting of two sets of three different polypeptide chains (Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma, encoded by the FGA, FGB, and FGG gene, respectively)." SIGNOR-263391 "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR VCAM1 protein P19320 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000751 10438935 t lperfetto "These results indicate that VCAM-1 can bind to an I domain and that the binding of alpha D beta 2 to VCAM-1 may contribute to the trafficking of a subpopulation of leukocytes that express alpha D beta 2." SIGNOR-253375 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser697 AVEDRKPsGLNGEAS 9606 16785995 t lperfetto "Pka can phosphorylate ser316 directly cd44 s291a and s316a mutants may disrupt downstream signalling events by displacing endogenous cd44 from plasma membrane microdomains." SIGNOR-147208 CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr14 IEKIGEGtYGVVYKG 9606 19574738 t gcesareni "Cdk1/cdc2 activation involves tyr15/thr14 dephosphorylation by cdc25c" SIGNOR-186617 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser296 SPSALSSsPNNLSPT 10090 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-244681 NUP214 protein P35658 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262075 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser794 QHLRLSTsSGRLLYA 9606 12624099 t lperfetto "Sik2 could phosphorylate ser(794) of human irs-1" SIGNOR-99059 DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 25040932 f lperfetto "In the non-phosphorylated state, CRMP2 binding to tubulin induces the promotion of tubulin polymerisation leading to dendrite outgrowth while" SIGNOR-264841 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT EPHA5 protein P54756 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268909 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000551 22452896 t "Like lapatinib and neratinib, afatinib is a next generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that irreversibly inhibits human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinases." gcesareni "Afatinib, an irreversible erbb-family blocker, has shown preclinical activity when tested in egfr mutant models with mutations that confer resistance to egfr tyrosine-kinase inhibitors." SIGNOR-196760 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10898795 t miannu "BCoR can interact w Because HDACs appear to be involved in repression by an increasing number of transcriptional repressors, we tested whether BCoR can associate with HDACs. BCoR can interact with HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC-B/5 more strongly than with HDAC-A/4, HDAC-C, HDAC-D, and HDAC-E." SIGNOR-252236 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15498859 t lperfetto "Pim-1 is know to be up regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (stat5)" SIGNOR-249606 GAL protein P22466 UNIPROT GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10601261 t gcesareni "Galanin showed high affinity for the galr1 (ic(50) = 0.097 nm) and galr2 receptors (ic(50) = 0.48 nm)." SIGNOR-73125 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14967450 t "PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine." lperfetto "The molecular requirements for diacylglycerol (dag) and calcium (ca2+) to promote pkc membrane translocation, the hallmark of pkc activation, have been clarified." SIGNOR-242581 SRP19 protein P09132 UNIPROT SRP54 protein P61011 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 30649418 t miannu "Mammalian SRP comprises the highly base-paired SRP RNA (also referred to as 7SL RNA) of ∼300 nt and six proteins (SRP9, SRP14, SRP19, SRP54, SRP68 and SRP72) (Figure ​(Figure1A).1A). The hierarchy of protein addition always starts with the scaffolding protein SRP19 (together with SRP9/14 for the entire SRP) followed by SRP68/72 and finally by SRP54." SIGNOR-261168 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269604 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9576626 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a1 binds and activates the tyrosine kinase activity of eph-a2, and has a dissociation constant of 20_30 nm. ephrin-a1 interacts with all the other epha subclass receptors as well, although with different affinity" SIGNOR-56904 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser347 FTGLKCPsLAGKPKV 9606 BTO:0000130 14970175 t amattioni "P38-mapk can directly phosphorylate and inhibit the activities of caspase-8" SIGNOR-122103 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC12 protein O60814 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271979 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZNRF2 protein Q8NHG8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270975 RRAGA protein Q7L523 UNIPROT RAGAD complex SIGNOR-C114 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "Mammals express four Rag proteins€”RagA, RagB, RagC, and RagD€”that form heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB with RagC or RagD. RagA and RagB, like RagC and RagD, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-228167 ATG10 protein Q9H0Y0 UNIPROT ATG12/5/16L1 complex SIGNOR-C109 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 18704115 t lperfetto "Analogous to ubiquitination, atg12 is conjugated to atg5 by atg7--an e1-like protein--and atg10--an e2-like protein." SIGNOR-226699 "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" methylation 10090 BTO:0002884 22012064 t irozzo "Furthermore, we show that both MLL and AML1/CBFβ are required for maintaining the H3K4-me3 mark at the PU.1 upstream regulatory element (URE) and promoter region, and for full PU.1 gene expression." SIGNOR-255875 LLGL1 protein Q15334 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C507 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270895 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0004055 12746313 t "inferred from family member" scontino "Human type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the conversion of T(4) to rT(3) and of T(3) to 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (T2) by inner-ring deiodination. Like types I and II iodothyronine deiodinases, D3 protein contains selenocysteine (SeC) in the highly conserved core catalytic center at amino acid position 144." SIGNOR-270246 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr103 LIDATGDtPGAEDDE 9534 BTO:0000298 12756254 t miannu "After mapping JNK-dependent JIP1 phosphorylation sites and testing their functional significance, it was observed that phosphorylation by JNK of JIP1 on Thr-103 and not other phosphorylated JIP1 residues is necessary for the regulation of DLK association with JIP1, DLK activation, and subsequent module activation. The data presented corroborates our previous observations using endogenous proteins, demonstrates that JNK binding to JIP1 is necessary for module activation, and shows that activation of JIP1-JNK module dynamics requires phosphorylation of JIP1 on Thr-103 by JNK. and Thr-205 are phosphorylated directly by JNK after JNK binds to JIP1." SIGNOR-250128 FGF17 protein O60258 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8663044 t tpavlidou "Fgfs bind and activate high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinases. The cloning of fgf receptors (fgfrs) has identified four distinct genes" SIGNOR-42365 NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18025157 f "We show that the ID1 and ID2 promoters are activated by PML-RARalpha but, unexpectedly, not by wild-type RARalpha/RXR. Our data support a model in which the PML-RARalpha fusion protein regulates a novel class of target genes by interaction with the Sp1 and NF-Y transcription factors, without directly binding to the DNA, defining a gain-of-function for the oncoprotein." SIGNOR-255746 pralatrexate chemical CHEBI:71223 ChEBI DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002207 19221750 t Luana "This study reports a head-to-head comparison of in vitro and in vivo activities of three antifolates: pralatrexate, methotrexate, and pemetrexed. A clear difference was demonstrated among the antifolates in regulation of enzymatic activity. Pralatrexate demonstrated a unique activity profile relative to methotrexate and pemetrexed" SIGNOR-257815 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2G1 protein P62253 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271349 MKRN1 protein Q9UHC7 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys291 TEEENLRkKGEPHHE 9606 BTO:0002552 19536131 t miannu "Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 (MKRN1) is a transcriptional co-regulator and an E3 ligase. Here, we show that MKRN1 simultaneously functions as a differentially negative regulator of p53 and p21. In normal conditions, MKRN1 could destabilize both p53 and p21 through ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. As a result, depletion of MKRN1 induced growth arrest through activation of p53 and p21. K291 and K292 of p53 are required for MKRN1-mediated degradation and ubiquitination of p53" SIGNOR-271846 RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT RAB3C protein Q96E17 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264378 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND -1 11175347 t lperfetto "G-kinase phosphorylated GST-CREB, albeit less efficiently than A-kinase, but GST was not phosphorylated by either kinase (Figure 5a). GST-CREB purified from bacteria was similarly phosphorylated by G-kinase, whereas GST-CREB containing a serine 133 to alanine mutation was not (Figure 5b). These results demonstrate that G-kinase can directly phosphorylate CREB on serine 133." SIGNOR-249076 KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "BHC complex" complex SIGNOR-C353 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0000007" 15325272 t miannu "BRAF–HDAC complex (BHC) consisting of six subunit proteins, BRAF35, BHC80, BHC110, HDAC1, HDAC2, and CoREST, has been purified from HeLa and HEK293 cells" SIGNOR-264501 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser288 NGKGALKsERKRVPK 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 12871946 t gcesareni "Two serine residues in rim1 (ser-241 and ser-287) and one serine residue in rim2 (ser-335) were required for 14-3-3 binding. Incubation with ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii greatly stimulated the interaction of recombinant n-terminal rim but not the s241/287a mutant with 14-3-3," SIGNOR-103890 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser268 VALPPGAsPQRSRSP 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248688 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser339 GLQERRGsNVSLTLD 9534 10601328 t miannu "The PKA phosphorylation site on PTP-SL was identified as the Ser(231) residue. treatment of COS-7 cells with PKA activators, or overexpression of the Calpha catalytic subunit of PKA, inhibited the cytoplasmic retention of ERK2 and p38alpha by wild-type PTP-SL, but not by a PTP-SL S231A mutant.‚ " SIGNOR-250038 superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 35681445 f lperfetto "The ROS, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, play both beneficial and detrimental roles depending upon their levels and cellular microenvironment." SIGNOR-272277 GSTA1 protein P08263 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000018 29928434 f irozzo "Accordingly, downregulation of GSTA1 suppressed tumor growth. In conclusion, GSTA1 plays an important role in regulation of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in A549 cell line." SIGNOR-256296 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser398 WKRLRSHsRQYVSGL 9606 BTO:0000975 10101032 t "Translocation from Endosome to Lysosome" fspada "In this study, we demonstrated that ser396 and ser398 are phosphorylated by pkc and, that phosphorylation of ser398 is particularly involved in pmainduced desensitization of the h1r." SIGNOR-66015 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257035 SLIT1 protein O75093 UNIPROT ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 16226035 t gcesareni "Here we describe and compare two human robo3 isoforms, robo3a and robo3b, which differ by the insertion of 26 amino acids at the n-terminus, and these forms appear to be evolutionary conserved. We investigated the bioactivity of these isoforms and show that they have different binding properties to slit." SIGNOR-141111 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PPP1R9B protein Q96SB3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser94 SERGVRLsLPRASSL 9606 BTO:0000007 12417592 t miannu "Spinophilin is phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase A (PKA). two major sites of phosphorylation, Ser-94 and Ser-177, that are located within the actin-binding domain of spinophilin. Phosphorylation of spinophilin by PKA modulated the association between spinophilin and the actin cytoskeleton. phosphorylation of spinophilin reduced the stoichiometry of the spinophilin-actin interaction. In contrast, the ability of spinophilin to bind to PP1 remained unchanged." SIGNOR-250035 VRK3 protein Q8IV63 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser4 sQKHRDFV -1 25899223 t lperfetto "Although VRK3 has been regarded as a genuine pseudokinase from structural and biochemical studies, recent reports suggest that VRK3 acts as an active kinase as well as a signaling scaffold in cells. Here, we demonstrate that VRK3 phosphorylates the nuclear envelope protein barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) on Ser4.|Ectopic expression of VRK3 induces the translocation of BAF from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. I" SIGNOR-264564 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11551964 t gcesareni "Pp1 is shown to dephosphorylate active stk15 and abolish its activity in vitro." SIGNOR-110411 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257933 "KATP channel" complex SIGNOR-C274 SIGNOR potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28842488 t lperfetto "ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, found throughout the body, are generated as octameric complexes consisting of four pore-forming Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 subunits with four regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1 or SUR2) subunits." SIGNOR-262053 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT DDIT4 protein Q9NX09 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19439225 f lperfetto "We additionally identified Redd1 as a downstream effector of C/EBP-beta stimulated by ATF4 activated under the stress conditions examined. RNA interference studies provided further evidence of the requirement of C/EBP-beta for Redd1 expression. We conclude that the Redd1 gene is transactivated by the ATF4 and C/EBP family of transcription factors, leading to mTOR inhibition in response to oxidative and ER stress." SIGNOR-253726 MIF protein P14174 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000876 17435771 t gcesareni "We identify the chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 as functional receptors for MIF [] By activating both CXCR2 and CXCR4, MIF displays chemokine-like functions and acts as a major regulator of inflammatory cell recruitment and atherogenesis." SIGNOR-252062 WFS1 protein O76024 UNIPROT ATP1B1 protein P05026 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 17947299 t SARA "Sodium-potassium ATPase 1 Subunit Is a Molecular Partner of Wolframin, an Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Involved in ER Stress|We conclude that the interaction may be important for Na+/K+ ATPase beta1 subunit maturation" SIGNOR-260999 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269619 PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9404080 t "A full-length cDNA, which encodes a human placental fructose-6-phosphate,2-kinase/ fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, was constructed and expressed in¬†Escherichia coli. [...]The expressed enzyme was bifunctional with¬†Vmax¬†values of 142 and 0.2 milliunits/mg for the kinase and phosphatase activities, respectively." SIGNOR-267260 GAPDH protein P04406 UNIPROT "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11724794 t miannu "GAPDH is commonly known as a key enzyme in glycolysis (GAPDH catalyzes the NAD-mediated oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate), a number of intriguing intracellular roles have been reported including modulation of the cytoskeleton, kinase activity, and the promotion of vesicle fusion" SIGNOR-266494 "bafilomycin A1" chemical CHEBI:22689 ChEBI ATP6V1A protein P38606 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9572882 t "Simone Vumbaca" "The macrolide antibiotic bafilomycin A1 is a very potent and specific inhibitor of V-ATPases." SIGNOR-261084 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT GFER protein P55789 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 20690902 f miannu "In the present study, we investigated transcription of hHSS triggered by EGF (epidermal growth factor) and the role of C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β) as a potential core factor responsible for hHSS transcription in HepG2 cells. The results show that EGF suppresses hHSS mRNA expression at early time points. Using a promoter deletion assay, we identified a proximal region (-358/-212) that is required for EGF suppression. Overexpression of C/EBPβ enhances EGF suppression of hHSS, and mutation of the C/EBPβ-binding site at -292/-279 or siRNA (short interfering RNA) interference abolishes EGF suppression." SIGNOR-253772 palmitoyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57379 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267125 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 10931950 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "These data suggest that increased signaling by erbb receptors up-regulates mapk activity, which, in turn, phosphorylates and destabilizes p27, thus contributing to dysregulated cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-270087 Scribble_complex_DLG1-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C511 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270914 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser309 SLGEGNGsPNHQPEP 9606 19237534 t lperfetto "In vitro, lsf is phosphorylated by cyclin e/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), cyclin c/cdk2, and cyclin c/cdk3, predominantly on s309. Phosphorylation by cyclin c/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 following mitogenic stimulation of murine fibroblasts inhibits transcriptional activity of lsf during g1 progression" SIGNOR-216713 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT MUC2 protein Q02817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0004055 12559945 t "COS-7 cells were transiently transfected with a CDX1 or CDX2 expression construct and then used for the luciferase assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The CDX2 expression construct activated the MUC2 promoter and increased the endogenous MUC2 mRNA level, while the CDX1 one did not." SIGNOR-253966 RPS8 protein P62241 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262416 CD3G protein P09693 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 17668895 f gcesareni "Tcr stimulation also activates the mitogen- and stress-activated kinases (msk) downstream of erk1/2." SIGNOR-157148 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1871 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269368 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HTT protein P42858 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser419 GGRSRSGsIVELIAG 9606 BTO:0000938 12062094 t llicata "We demonstrate that huntingtin is a substrate of akt and that phosphorylation of huntingtin by akt is crucial to mediate the neuroprotective effects of igf-1." SIGNOR-89696 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002268 22323446 t miannu "F-box protein FBXL2 targets cyclin D2 for ubiquitination and degradation to inhibit leukemic cell proliferation. Purified SCF complex components were incubated with V5-cyclin D2 and the full complement of ubiquitination reaction components (second lane from left) showing polyubiquitinated cyclin D2." SIGNOR-272008 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT STMN2 protein Q93045 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser97 AAEERRKsQEAQVLK 9534 BTO:0000298 9525956 t miannu "Using in vitro phosphorylated recombinant protein, four phosphorylation sites were identified in the SCG10 sequence. Ser-50 and Ser-97 were the target sites for protein kinase A. phosphorylation negatively regulates the microtubule-depolymerizing activity of SCG10 and that all four sites participate in this regulation" SIGNOR-250057 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser269 SEEGQELsDEDDEVY 9606 12167711 t gcesareni "Hypophosphorylation of mdm2 augments p53 stability." SIGNOR-91191 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser6 sKKRKFVA 9606 15950189 t lperfetto "We identified that pp2a interacts with wild-type rps3, but not with mutants (s6a/t221a) (fig. 8), and that it associates with the n-terminal region of rps3 (fig. 2). From our results presented here, we conclude that pp2a is involved in the dephosphorylation of phosphorylated rps3 by pkc, and that serine 6 on the n-terminal region of rps3 appears to mediate the pp2a recruitment." SIGNOR-137963 N-[4-[[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]thio]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91336 ChEBI AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207672 ESRRA protein P11474 UNIPROT RNF208 protein Q9H0X6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 31862882 t Gianni "Furthermore, RNF208 was induced by 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment in an estrogen receptor alpha (ΕRα)-dependent manner" SIGNOR-269052 PSMB8 protein P28062 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 BTO:0003445 19443843 t Gianni "Surprisingly, siRNA knockdown of PSMB8 (LMP7), an ‘immunoproteasome’ component, reversed IFNγ-induced sensitivity to Fas ligation and prevented Fas/IFNγ-induced degradation of Mcl-1, but did not protect p-Bcl-2 or p-Bcl-XL. Proteasome inhibition markedly increased Mcl-1, p-Bcl-2, and p-Bcl-XL levels after IFNγ treatment" SIGNOR-261974 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269257 SLC24A1 protein O60721 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264395 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 23691078 t lperfetto "Ikbke phosphorylation and inhibition of foxo3a: a mechanism of ikbke oncogenic functionhere we report that ikbke regulates foxo3a through phosphorylation of foxo3a-ser644. The phosphorylation of foxo3a resulted in its degradation and nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation." SIGNOR-202054 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CASR protein P41180 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr888 FKVAARAtLRRSNVS 9606 21135065 t llicata "Casr(t888) is a protein kinase c (pkc) phosphorylation site in the receptor's intracellular domain that has previously been identified as a critical negative regulator of casr downstream signaling in vitro, thus, casr(t888) represents a functionally important, inhibitory phosphorylation site that contributes to the control of pth secretion." SIGNOR-170334 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR CUL4B protein Q13620 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243163 NUP62 protein P37198 UNIPROT SASS6 protein Q6UVJ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24107630 t Simone "Furthermore, we found interactions and co-localization with γ-tubulin and SAS-6. Our results also point to a potential role of Nup62 in targeting gamma-tubulin and SAS-6 to the centrioles." SIGNOR-261256 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002590 17487558 f miannu "Immunoblot analysis showed that HEY/si-TWIST cells exhibited decreased expression levels of CD29, CD44 and CD54 compared to those of HEY/si-scrambled cells" SIGNOR-255513 P2RY13 protein Q9BPV8 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256892 TERB1 protein Q8NA31 UNIPROT TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C305 SIGNOR-C306 33015044 t lperfetto "The shelterin complex has six proteins, containing TRF1, TRF2, POT1, RAP1, TIN2, and TPP1. The shelterin complex is localized to the chromosome end and protects telomeric DNA (Palm and de Lange, 2008). The TTM complex acts as a “linker” and bridges the LINC and shelterin complexes together. The connection between TTM and shelterin complexes is well-known, which is mediated by TERB1 and TRF1" SIGNOR-263315 "SB 505124" chemical CHEBI:100922 ChEBI TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206742 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser159 KKKKKRFsFKKSFKL -1 1560845 t gcesareni "Here we report that MARCKS is a filamentous (F) actin crosslinking protein, with activity that is inhibited by PKC-mediated phosphorylation and by binding to calcium-calmodulin" SIGNOR-243192 GCHFR protein P30047 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11361142 t miannu "The enzyme activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I is controlled by a regulatory protein for this enzyme, GFRP, which is a pentamer of identical subunits. GFRP mediates feedback inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity by BH4, and the inhibition by BH4 is reversed by phenylalanine" SIGNOR-252203 WASHC5 protein Q12768 UNIPROT "WASH complex" complex SIGNOR-C258 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23721880 t lperfetto "The WASH complex is composed of five proteins: KIAA1033 (also known as SWIP), Strumpellin, FAM21, WASH1 and CCDC53." SIGNOR-261019 Pravadoline chemical CID:56463 PUBCHEM PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206322 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253628 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser313 QRVPSFEsFEDDCSQ 9606 19182667 t lperfetto "Camkii caused ets-2 phosphorylation.Serine 246, 310, and 313 were the targets. Camkii to phosphorylates ets-2, thus altering ets-2 binding to its downstream promoters" SIGNOR-183604 VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT NGLY1 protein Q96IV0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15362974 t simone "PNGase is directed to polyubiquitinated MGPs via VCP and the adaptor protein SAKS1, allowing PNGase to deglycosylate MGPs, which can then be degraded by the proteasome. PNGase itself is reported to bind to the S4 component of the 19 S proteasome." SIGNOR-261058 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 f apalma "Phosphorylation of mTOR by Akt leads to mTOR activation (40, 52) and the subsequent activation of p70S6K (47). This latter event has great potential importance for the promotion of muscle growth by the IGF-I/Akt/mTOR pathway, because p70S6k is a potent stimulator of protein synthesis that can be activated by increases in muscle contraction" SIGNOR-256064 TIMP3 protein P35625 UNIPROT MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0005300 28709001 t "FAP cilia regulated the expression of TIMP3, a secreted metalloproteinase inhibitor, that inhibited MMP14 to block adipogenesis." SIGNOR-255908 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr288 SPDCDVKtDDSVVPC 9606 19151762 t llicata "Phosphorylation at ttk/hmps1 thr288 is enhanced by chk2 in vitro and in vivo after ir" SIGNOR-183470 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser756 HSCLEQAs 9606 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251284 TBX5 protein Q99593 UNIPROT MTSS1 protein O43312 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20802524 f miannu "TBX5 suppressed tumor cell proliferation and metastasis through the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, metastasis suppressor 1 and downregulation of synuclein gamma and metastasis-associated protein 1 family member 2." SIGNOR-255254 CRADD protein P78560 UNIPROT "Caspase-2 PIDDosome" complex SIGNOR-C292 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20158568 t miannu "The PIDDosome consists of the proteins PIDD, RAIDD and caspase-2." SIGNOR-262642 NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20940030 t gcesareni "Numb interacts with mdm2, and inhibits its ubiquitin-ligase function on tp53 (which in itself is inhibitory for tp53), thus numb activates (b) tp53" SIGNOR-168454 MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser165 HNHTTHMsLVGTFPW 9606 15342622 t gcesareni "Ionizing radiation induces mrk autophosphorylation and activation. Within the mrk kinase loop between the dfg (subdomain vii) and ape (subdomain viii) residues, there are three conserved threonine/serine residues (thr161, thr162, and ser165) that are important for activation." SIGNOR-128573 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10898795 t miannu "In this study we have shown that BCoR interacts with BCL-6 and potentiates transcriptional repression by BCL-6 with striking specificity." SIGNOR-252235 GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT TRPS1 protein Q9UHF7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0005092 18363966 t "Regulation of localization" miannu "Treatment of cells with Gdf5 enhanced Trps1 protein levels and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear translocation of Trps1 was also induced by Gdf5. These effects were blocked by a dominant negative form of activin-linked kinase 6 (dn-Alk6) and by SB203580, an inhibitor of the p38 MAPK pathway. Conversely, Gdf5 expression was suppressed by the over-expression of Trps1." SIGNOR-251867 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser339 GKRGGHSsVSTESES 9606 10521508 t Manara "Therefore, internalization of CXCR4 in response to PMA appears to be mediated by activation of protein kinase C | However, mutation of the dileucine motif or the serines at positions 324, 325, 338, and 339 profoundly decreased internalization." SIGNOR-260901 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT STMN3 protein Q9NZ72 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser60 SFEVILKsPSDLSPE -1 22577147 t lperfetto "Altogether, these results indicate that CDK5 phosphorylates similarly serines 68 and 73, whereas ERK2 targets mostly serine 68 and GSK-3beta mostly serine 60.|This observation may support the hypothesis of a specific localization of stathmin 3 depending on its phosphorylation by GSK-3beta" SIGNOR-264882 HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16613856 t lperfetto "HDAC4 and HDAC5 deacetylate Runx2, allowing the protein to undergo Smurf-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-227550 A2M protein P01023 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 9344465 t lperfetto "Both PZP and a2M collagenase complexes incubated with gelatin demonstrated a significant inhibition of the catalytic activity| MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261803 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-268121 EXOC4 protein Q96A65 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270779 CCT129202 chemical CID:16202152 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190877 HOXA7 protein P31268 UNIPROT KRT10 protein P13645 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11435435 f miannu "Antisense HOXA7 expression activated transglutaminase 1, involucrin, and keratin 10 message and protein levels, demonstrating that endogenous HOXA7 down-regulates multiple differentiation-specific keratinocyte genes." SIGNOR-254472 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser932 CDSGVETsFRKLSFT 9606 BTO:0000459 SIGNOR-C13 10469655 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates p105 resulting in its degradation, which releases tpl2 resulting in activation of the pro-proliferative map kinase- pathway." SIGNOR-70473 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001176 19036824 t lperfetto "The increase in eNOS activity coincided with specific dephosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495, known to enhance eNOS activity. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by calyculin A, tautomycetin, or siRNA against PP1 reversed NF-induced eNOS-Thr495 dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-264668 PF-03814735 chemical CID:49830590 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205953 HHIP protein Q96QV1 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 10050855 t lperfetto "Hip encodes a membrane glycoprotein that binds to all three mammalian hedgehog proteins with an affinity comparable to that of ptc-1. our findings support a model in which hip attenuates hedgehog signalling as a result of binding to hedgehog proteins: a negative regulatory feedback loop established in this way could thus modulate the responses to any hedgehog signal." SIGNOR-65078 JARID2 protein Q92833 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003324 15542826 t miannu "JMJ physically associates with Nkx2.5 and GATA4 in vitro and in vivo as determined by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays. we show that JMJ represses ANF gene expression by inhibiting transcriptional activities of Nkx2.5 and GATA4." SIGNOR-224697 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser331 HPWVRANsRRVLPPS 9606 17276342 t lperfetto "Chk1 phosphorylates aurora-b and enhances its catalytic activity in vitro." SIGNOR-152926 HBEGF protein Q99075 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10209155 t gcesareni "It was concluded that her4 is a newly described receptor for hb-egf and that hb-egf can activate two egf receptor subtypes, her1 and her4, but with different biological response." SIGNOR-67009 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000944 11884591 t gcesareni "Here we show that the Forkheads AFX (FOXO4) and FKHR-L1 (FOXO3a) also directly control transcription of the retinoblastoma-like p130 protein and cause upregulation of p130 protein expression." SIGNOR-238606 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser377 PPLLRPLsENSGDEN -1 12171600 t miannu "Identification of Ser-377 as the site on eEF2 kinase phosphorylated in vitro by MAPKAP-K2, MAPKAP-K3 and MAPKAP-K5. Maximal phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase by MAPKAP-K2 (Figure 5) or MAPKAP-K5 (results not shown) had no effect on its activity." SIGNOR-249708 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267424 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT RBM17 protein Q96I25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser202 EEDSRPRsQSSKAAI 9534 BTO:0001538 23519612 t miannu "In this work, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) phosphorylates SPF45 on eight serine residues. Clk1 promotes SPF45-induced exon 6 exclusion" SIGNOR-262705 KISS1 protein Q15726 UNIPROT KISS1R protein Q969F8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11385580 t gcesareni "Here we show that kiss-1 (refs 1, 4) encodes a carboxy-terminally amidated peptide with 54 amino-acid residues, which we have isolated from human placenta as the endogenous ligand of an orphan g-protein-coupled receptor (hot7t175) and have named 'metastin'" SIGNOR-108480 ERN1 protein O75460 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 31226023 f miannu "The kinase activity of IRE1 also activates a signaling cascade that ultimately activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)" SIGNOR-260177 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr231 NANGEAVyCKFHYKT 9606 12777400 t Manara "These findings indicate that (i) ABL1 and Arg activate catalase by phosphorylation at both Tyr231 and Tyr386" SIGNOR-260769 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2B protein P63146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271334 "Immunoglobulin lambda-1 light chain" protein P0DOX8 UNIPROT BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 20176268 t scontino "Immunoglobulins (Igs) belong to the eponymous immunoglobulin super-family (IgSF). They consist of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains, where the L chain can consist of either a κ or a λ chain. There are five main classes of heavy chain C domains. Each class defines the IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE isotypes." SIGNOR-268198 HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT FXYD2 protein P54710 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000482 24204001 f miannu "Overexpression in a human kidney cell line showed that wild-type PCBD1 binds HNF1B to costimulate the FXYD2 promoter, the activity of which is instrumental in Mg(2+) reabsorption in the DCT." SIGNOR-254909 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT A2M protein P01023 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly702 YEMHGPEgLRVGFYE -1 9344465 t lperfetto "The complex formation was confirmed by the use of 125I-labeled matrix metalloproteinase-2. The cleavage sites in the ""bait"" regions following formation of high-molecular-weight complexes of matrix metalloproteinases with the alpha-macroglobulins were determined by protein sequence analysis. Pregnancy zone protein was cleaved at Thr693-Tyr694 and alpha2-macroglobulin at Gly679-Leu680 and Arg696-Leu697 by matrix metalloproteinase-2. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 cleaved alpha2-macroglobulin at the same site as matrix metalloproteinase-2, but cleavage of pregnancy zone protein was at Leu753-Ser754.|MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261780 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1364 PSGSQRPsVSDDTGC 9606 17615294 t lperfetto "Additionally, we show that s1360 and s1364 of beta4 are the only residues phosphorylated by pkc and pka in cells, respectivelywe have defined three regions on beta4 that together harbor all the serine and threonine phosphorylation sites and show that three serines (s1356, s1360, and s1364), previously implicated in hd regulation, prevent the interaction of beta4 with the plectin actin-binding domain when phosphorylated" SIGNOR-156873 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT DDB2 protein Q92466 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12107171 t miannu "C-abl might act as a negative regulator of uv-ddb by phosphorylating ddb2" SIGNOR-90446 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 1722028 t "Furthermore, the possible involvement of an Ets protein in the control of c-fos has interesting implications for proto-oncogene cooperation in cellular growth control." SIGNOR-256495 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-266324 MKRN1 protein Q9UHC7 UNIPROT RPS10 protein P46783 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys107 ETGRPRPkGLEGERP 9606 BTO:0000007 31640799 t miannu "We show that MKRN1 directly binds to the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC1) and associates with polysomes. MKRN1 is positioned upstream of poly(A) tails in mRNAs in a PABPC1-dependent manner. Ubiquitin remnant profiling and in vitro ubiquitylation assays uncover PABPC1 and ribosomal protein RPS10 as direct ubiquitylation substrates of MKRN1.Our data show that MKRN1 associates with polysomes and ubiquitylates RPS10, indicating a role in translational control. We hypothesize that ribosomes encountering the MKRN1-PABPC1 complex are stalled, possibly via ubiquitylation of RPS10 on K107 and other MKRN1 substrates." SIGNOR-272216 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 BTO:0003807 11971971 t lperfetto "Mapk1 is phosphorylated by map2k1/mek1 and map2k2/mek2 on thr-185 and tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or ngf. Both phosphorylations are required for activity." SIGNOR-235937 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002314 24749067 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that FOXO3, perhaps by activating Notch signaling, promotes the quiescent state during SC self-renewal in adult muscle regeneration." SIGNOR-244076 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 18676376 t gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-179796 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SSRP1 protein Q08945 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser688 KRRRSEDsEEEELAS 9606 15659405 t llicata "CK2 phosphorylates SSRP1 and inhibits its DNA-binding activity. | we identified serines 510, 657, and 688 as phosphorylation targets of CK2 in vitro. Mutagenesis of the three serines revealed that serine 510 was more important for the regulation of SSRP1 DNA-binding activity." SIGNOR-250961 IL26 protein Q9NPH9 UNIPROT IL10RB protein Q08334 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17208301 t gcesareni "See table 2" SIGNOR-151917 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR NAMPT protein P43490 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 18477450 f gcesareni "Activated AMPK was required to promote GR-induced transcription of the NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme Nampt" SIGNOR-238824 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr536 QKGQESEyGNITYPP 9606 8692915 t Manara "The results demonstrate that the SH3 domain of ABL1 interacts with a WPDHGVPSEP motif (residues 417-426) in the catalytic domain of SHPTP1 and that ABL1 phosphorylates C terminal Y536 and Y564 sites." SIGNOR-260820 HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256921 F11 protein P03951 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg494 CAKTKQLrVVNGIPT -1 12372819 t miannu "the ability of plasma kallikrein and FXIa to activate pro-HGF in vitro raises the possibility that mediators of inflammation and blood coagulation may also regulate processes that involve the HGF/c-Met pathway, such as tissue repair and angiogenesis.Unlike other known activators, both FXIa and kallikrein processed pro-HGF by cleavage at two sites. Using N-terminal sequencing they were identified as the normal cleavage site Arg(494)-Val(495) and the novel site Arg(424)-His(425) located in the K4 domain of the alpha-chain." SIGNOR-256514 BRD3 protein Q15059 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003292 28045112 t lperfetto "Brd3 interacts with both IRF3 and p300, increases p300-mediated acetylation of IRF3, and enhances the association of IRF3 with p300 upon virus infection.|Brd3 enhances p300-mediated acetylation of IRF3" SIGNOR-262044 OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256711 SNX9 protein Q9Y5X1 UNIPROT DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15703209 t miannu "Snx9 binds directly to bothdynamin-1 anddynamin-2. Moreover by stimulatingdynaminassembly, snx9 stimulatesdynamin's basal gtpase activity and potentiates assembly-stimulated gtpase activity on liposomes." SIGNOR-133976 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000848 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-253302 GPR84 protein Q9NQS5 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256847 "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-268798 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT ABCG8 protein Q9H221 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21123766 f miannu "these results indicate that HMG-CoAR inhibition with atorvastatin stimulates intestinal expression of NPC1L1 and PCSK9, increases cholesterol absorption, and reduces ABCG5/8 expression; these effects are mediated most likely by stimulation of the transcription factors SREBP-2 and HNF-4α." SIGNOR-254456 S protein P59594 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0001444 16310778 f Luana "We demonstrated that the adenovirus-mediated over-expression of SARS-CoV spike (S) protein and its C-terminal domain (S2) induce apoptosis in Vero E6 cells in a time- and dosage-dependent manner" SIGNOR-260219 N protein P59595 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0001538 15294014 f Luana "In the present paper, we show that SARS-CoV N is capable of inducing apoptosis of COS-1 monkey kidney cells in the absence of growth factors by down-regulating ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase), up-regulating JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways, and affecting their downstream effectors." SIGNOR-260204 N protein P59595 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0001538 17453707 f Luana "SARS-CoV Nucleocapsid Protein Induced Apoptosis of COS-1 Mediated by the Mitochondrial Pathway" SIGNOR-260205 N protein P59595 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000161 16845612 f Luana "Co-transfection of M and N enhances the induction of apoptosis by M or N alone, which also suggests that the structural proteins of SARS-CoV may play an important role not only in the process of invasion but also in the pathogenetic process in cells." SIGNOR-260199 M protein P59596 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000161 16845612 f Luana "Co-transfection of M and N enhances the induction of apoptosis by M or N alone, which also suggests that the structural proteins of SARS-CoV may play an important role not only in the process of invasion but also in the pathogenetic process in cells." SIGNOR-260198 3a protein P59632 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9534 15958670 f Luana "These results indicated that the 3a protein induced apoptosis in Vero E6 cells." SIGNOR-260195 3b protein P59633 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9534 16965829 f Luana "Over-expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3b protein induces both apoptosis and necrosis in Vero E6 cells" SIGNOR-260194 6 protein P59634 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 18708124 f Luana "A SARS-CoV protein, ORF-6, induces caspase-3 mediated, ER stress and JNK-dependent apoptosis" SIGNOR-260203 7a protein P59635 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000018 15564512 f Luana "7a induces apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway and in cell lines derived from different organs, including lung, kidney, and liver. | The overexpression of HA-tagged 7a (7a-HA) induces apoptosis in 293T (human kidney epithelial) cells, as evidenced by an increase in caspase-3 protease activity, a hallmark of apoptosis, which is comparable to that caused by the overexpression of BAX, a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family" SIGNOR-260197 7a protein P59635 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0001444 17686858 f Luana "Cells expressing the ORF7a or ORF7b protein undergo apoptosis." SIGNOR-260209 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr293 HRIDGKTyVIKRVKY 9606 BTO:0001282 16373505 t "PKR autophosphorylates on Y101, Y162, and Y293. The introduction of the Y293F mutation causes significant defects in PKR autophosphorylation and eIF2α phosphorylation, providing evidence for a critical function of this phosphorylated residue." SIGNOR-251114 HGS protein O14964 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11094085 f gcesareni "Hgs and sara, are prerequisites for receptor-mediated activation of smad2" SIGNOR-84616 7b protein Q7TFA1 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0001444 17686858 f Luana "Cells expressing the ORF7a or ORF7b protein undergo apoptosis." SIGNOR-260210 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18077326 f miannu "In binding to the beta-catenin c-terminal domain, fhit represses transcription of target genes such as cyclin d1, axin2, mmp-14, and survivin." SIGNOR-159876 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT TGFA protein P01135 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 11517191 f "ER beta and ER alpha induced the expression of several endogenous genes such as pS2, TGF alpha, or the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 but, in contrast to ER alpha, ER beta was unable to regulate c-myc proto-oncogene expression" SIGNOR-253942 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT NHEJ1 protein Q9H9Q4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser245 PHTSNSAsLQGIDSQ 9606 18644470 t lperfetto "Here, we have identified two major in vitro dna-pk phosphorylation sites in the c-terminal region of xlf, serines 245 and 251. We show that these represent the major phosphorylation sites in xlf in vivo and that serine 245 is phosphorylated in vivo by dna-pk, while serine 251 is phosphorylated by ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm)." SIGNOR-179532 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr925 DRSNDKVyENVTGLV 9606 12387730 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon activation. Phosphorylation at tyr-925 is important for interaction with grb2 and depends on the complex formation between fak and the src-kinase fgr." SIGNOR-94405 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19951971 t lperfetto "PIP3 recruits PDK1 and AKT to the plasma membrane, where PDK1 phosphorylates AKT on Thr308 in the activation loop of the kinase domain." SIGNOR-249628 LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11346656 t Fucosylation gcesareni "These observations indicate that the fringe proteins directly modify notch2, which is consistent with the recent finding that fringe is a glycosyltransferase that directly modifies notch. It was further indicated that lfng does this at a site from the n terminus through the 15th egf repeat of notch2, and mfng does so at a site from the 23rd through the 29th egf repeat of notch2." SIGNOR-107702 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT ARHGAP33 protein O14559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr406 PLLTYQLyGKFSEAM 9606 16777849 t acerquone "Tcgap interacted with fyn and was phosphorylated by fyn, with tyr-406 in the gap domain as a major fyn-mediated phosphorylation site. Fyn suppressed the gap activity of wild-type tcgap" SIGNOR-147156 "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 24481844 f lperfetto "The extensive covalent and non-covalent attachments as well as the binding avidity between three KASH domains with three SUN domains are thought to enable the LINC complex to transmit force between the cytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton" SIGNOR-263293 ZM447439 chemical CHEBI:91376 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207920 SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT DICER1 protein Q9UPY3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 22689055 t ".... showed that Sox4 positively regulates Dicer expression by binding to its promoter sequences and enhancing its activity. We found that knockdown of Dicer enhances the matrigel invasion of melanoma cells by at least twofold. In addition, we revealed that overexpression of exogenous Dicer reverts the enhanced melanoma cell invasion upon Sox4 knockdown" SIGNOR-258987 APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT PSENEN protein Q9NZ42 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12522139 t gcesareni "Furthermore, overexpression of aph-1 facilitates pen-2-mediated ps1 proteolysis, resulting in a significant increase in ps1 fragments. Our data reveal a direct role of pen-2 in proteolytic cleavage of ps1 and a regulatory function of aph-1, in coordination with pen-2, in the biogenesis of the ps1 complex." SIGNOR-97104 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000830 15526160 f miannu "A number of studies have demonstrated the ability of SCF to activate the Ras-Erk pathway. The adapter protein Grb2 can directly associate with phosphorylated Y703 and Y936 in c-Kit" SIGNOR-254947 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT SNAI3 protein Q3KNW1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001610 22641097 f miannu "Effective silencing of Runx2 by short interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated downregulation of EMT-related molecules (SNAI2, SNAI3 and TWIST1), MMP2 and vasculogenic factors (VEGFA and VEGFC) in thyroid carcinoma cells." SIGNOR-255083 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Ptp-1b and t-cell ptp are physiological enzymes for the insulin receptor kinase." SIGNOR-76096 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23474895 t SimoneGraziosi "Oct4 switches partnering from Sox2 to Sox17 to reinterpret the enhancer code and specify endoderm|We show that Sox17 partners with Oct4 and binds to a unique ‘compressed' Sox/Oct motif that earmarks endodermal genes. This is in contrast to the pluripotent state where Oct4 selectively partners with Sox2 at ‘canonical' binding sites." SIGNOR-269221 ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT TCF12 protein Q99081 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C128 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241152 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 18997794 t lperfetto "Traf3-binding receptors stabilize nik by activating ciap-dependent degradation of traf2 and traf3." SIGNOR-182131 EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT Translational_elongation phenotype SIGNOR-PH210 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14709557 f lperfetto "In mammalian cells, peptide chain elongation requires two main elongation factors, eEF1A and eEF2." SIGNOR-269396 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT CRTC1 protein Q6UUV9 UNIPROT up-regulates deacetylation 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 22179316 t miannu "Sirt1 deacetylates and activates torc1" SIGNOR-191568 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268921 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GPHN protein Q9NQX3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser270 LSTTPSEsPRAQATS 9606 BTO:0000142 23408424 t miannu "Identification of gsk3_ as the kinase targeting ser-270 /phosphorylation at ser-270 promotes gephyrin processing by calpain" SIGNOR-200957 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination phosphorylation:Thr157 GKVEITYtPSDGTQK 34929314 t lperfetto "During the cell cycle S phase, Cyclin A-CDK2 phosphorylates IDH1 on its Threonine 157 residue (Threonine 197 in IDH2) to facilitate its recognition and ubiquitination by Skp2 E3 ubiquitin, followed by degradation through 26S proteasome" SIGNOR-267625 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 SSVSSSPsPPFGHSA 9606 12050114 t gcesareni "Tob is rapidly phosphorylated at ser 152, ser 154, and ser 164 by erk1 and erk2 upon growth-factor stimulation." SIGNOR-88720 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RFPL4AL1 protein F8VTS6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271254 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SLC4A1 protein P02730 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr8 MEELQDDyEDMMEEN 9606 10942405 t llicata "Our findings suggest that, upon phosphorylation by p72syk, y8 and y21 act as docking sites for the sh2 domain of lyn, which subsequently phosphorylates band 3 at additional secondary sites." SIGNOR-80792 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 12588998 t lperfetto "Additionally, active akt1 kinase strongly phosphorylates histone h3 at serine 10 in vitro" SIGNOR-265319 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 16613856 t lperfetto "HDAC4 and HDAC5 deacetylate Runx2, allowing the protein to undergo Smurf-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-227547 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT TDP1 protein Q9NUW8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser81 PKRQKSGsQEDLGWC 9606 19851285 t lperfetto "Optimal function of the dna repair enzyme tdp1 requires its phosphorylation by atm and/or dna-pk. Here we show that top1-associated dna double-stranded breaks (dsbs) induce the phosphorylation of tdp1 at s81. This phosphorylation is mediated by the protein kinases: ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (atm) and dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk)" SIGNOR-188776 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser475 IDIEGVQsEGQDNGA 10029 BTO:0002640 15066279 t llicata "We show that inhibiting XRCC1 phosphorylation by mutation of the CK2 phosphorylation sites or preventing CK2 activity using a highly specific inhibitor ablates the rapid repair of cellular DNA single-strand breaks by XRCC1. |" SIGNOR-250972 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser840 VRSAFTTsTVVRMHV -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249280 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-N-[2-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-2-benzofurancarboxamide chemical CHEBI:92223 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-202807 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR NAIP protein Q13075 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f lperfetto "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-256424 PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C133 SIGNOR AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser83 QQQQQETsPRQQQQQ 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP acts as a scaffold protein for PP2A to suppress DHT-elicited S81 phosphorylation of the AR, preventing its nuclear translocation and binding to androgen response elements. In addition, DAB2IP can compete with the AR for binding to c-Src, thus blocking the non-genomic AR pathway" SIGNOR-254759 FBXL12 protein Q9NXK8 UNIPROT ALDH3A2 protein P51648 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0001078 26124079 t miannu "We now show that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 for the ALDH3 family of enzymes. We now show that the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ALDH3 mediated by FBXL12 (F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12) is essential for execution of the differentiation program of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). FBXL12 is present only in eutherian mammals, and its expression is largely restricted to the placenta during mouse embryogenesis. FBXL12 was found to interact specifically with members of the ALDH3 family and to mediate their polyubiquitylation. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that FBXL12 interacted efficiently only with members of the ALDH3 family (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, and ALDH3B1), showing little if any association with those of the ALDH1 family (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3) (Fig. 2H). Collectively, these results suggested that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 specific for ALDH3 family members." SIGNOR-272814 NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 26971449 t lperfetto "Necdin binds and stabilizes PGC-1α|Necdin strongly stabilizes PGC-1α by inhibiting its ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Forced expression of necdin enhances mitochondrial function in primary cortical neurons and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to prevent mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor-induced degeneration." SIGNOR-253390 GUCY1B1 protein Q02153 UNIPROT GUCY1A3-B3 complex SIGNOR-C140 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "This enzyme is a heterodimeric protein consisting of - and ²-subunits, and expression of both subunits is required for catalytic activity" SIGNOR-243986 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20551172 t miannu "We characterize a new Myc-interacting factor, TRPC4AP (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4-associated protein)/TRUSS (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated ubiquitous scaffolding and signaling protein), which is the receptor for a DDB1 (damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1)-CUL4 (Cullin 4) E3 ligase complex for selective Myc degradation through the proteasome. TRPC4AP/TRUSS binds specifically to the Myc C terminus and promotes its ubiquitination and destruction through the recognition of evolutionarily conserved domains in the Myc N terminus. " SIGNOR-271965 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser282 NSLQRVPsYDSFDSE 9606 BTO:0000782 12475968 t lperfetto "Treatment of ets1 by t-cell nuclear extract or phosphorylation of these four serines by calmodulin-dependent kinase ii (camk ii) has recently been reported to decrease ets1 dna binding by reinforcing autoinhibition" SIGNOR-96338 CAPRIN1 protein Q14444 UNIPROT G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17210633 t SARA "Caprin-1 and G3BP-1 were directly or indirectly associated in a stable complex. The Caprin-1/G3BP-1 complex occurs in cytoplasmic RNA granules" SIGNOR-260982 SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21965674 t miannu "SATB2 attenuates p63-mediated gene expression of perp (p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22), a critical downstream target gene during development, and specifically decreases p63 perp promoter binding." SIGNOR-255149 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10976919 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr)." SIGNOR-269877 PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0001616 17360477 t "Here, we report identification of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a substrate of PTPRT. Phosphorylation of a tyrosine at amino acid Y705 is essential for the function of STAT3, and PTPRT specifically dephosphorylated STAT3 at this position." SIGNOR-248719 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT RHOT1 protein Q8IXI2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser156 AKNLKNIsELFYYAQ 9606 BTO:0000007 22078885 t miannu "PINK1 phosphorylates Miro, a component of the primary motor/adaptor complex that anchors kinesin to the mitochondrial surface. The phosphorylation of Miro activates proteasomal degradation of Miro in a Parkin-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-273723 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAM protein Q92783 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9133424 t gcesareni "Stam is associated with jak3 and jak2 tyrosine kinases via its itam region and phosphorylated by jak3 and jak2 upon stimulation with il-2." SIGNOR-47834 PHF8 protein Q9UPP1 UNIPROT TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 33511404 t miannu "TopBP1 Interacts with PHF8 through residue R1314 of TopBP1. Importantly, PHF8 regulates TopBP1 protein level by preventing its ubiquitination and degradation mediated by the E3 ligase UBR5." SIGNOR-273657 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32697994 t miannu "Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing (SPRED) proteins negatively regulate RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling following growth factor stimulation. This inhibition of RAS is thought to occur primarily through SPRED1 binding and recruitment of neurofibromin, a RasGAP, to the plasma membrane. Here, we report the structure of neurofibromin (GTPase-activating protein [GAP]-related domain) complexed with SPRED1 (EVH1 domain) and KRAS. The structure provides insight into how the membrane targeting of neurofibromin by SPRED1 allows simultaneous interaction with activated KRAS." SIGNOR-273661 BDP1 protein A6H8Y1 UNIPROT TFIIIB complex SIGNOR-C393 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 29378333 t lperfetto "Both in yeast and mammalian cells, TFIIIB consists of three subunits: TFIIB-related Brf1, TATA-box binding protein (TBP), common also for the other two RNA polymerases, and Pol III-specific subunit, Bdp1 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266189 EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" hydroxylation 9606 24990963 t lperfetto "Prolyl hydroxylation by EglN2 destabilizes FOXO3a by blocking its interaction with the USP9x deubiquitinase.|Here we report that EglN2 can hydroxylate FOXO3a on two specific prolyl residues in vitro and in vivo. Hydroxylation of these sites prevents the binding of USP9x deubiquitinase, thereby promoting the proteasomal degradation of FOXO3a." SIGNOR-261998 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12857726 t gcesareni "Our results demonstrate that ptp1b plays an important role in the integrin-mediated dephosphorylation of lat in human platelets and is involved in the control of irreversible aggregation upon fcgammariia stimulation." SIGNOR-103599 C3AR1 protein Q16581 UNIPROT Vascular_Permeability phenotype SIGNOR-PH140 SIGNOR up-regulates 10984054 f lperfetto "The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are liberated as activation byproducts and are potent pro-inflammatory mediators that bind to specific cell surface receptors and cause leukocyte activation, smooth muscle contraction and vascular permeability" SIGNOR-263458 C5 protein P01031 UNIPROT "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 cleavage:Arg751 HKDMQLGrLHMKTLL 30552328 t "complement C5b fragment: PRO_0000005989" lperfetto "The human MAC pore was formed on liposomes from individual complement proteins. |The maps were further subdivided into three components: an asymmetric region (C5b, C6, C7, and C8), a hinge region (C7, C8, and two C9 molecules), and a C9 oligomer" SIGNOR-263440 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24493753 t miannu "In neuroblastoma ND7 cells, a nuclear interaction between the developmentally regulated transcription factor Brn-3a and AR resulted in a complex which bound to multiple elements within the promoter region of SCN9A (Nav1.7) and upregulated channel expression." SIGNOR-253466 DNAJC14 protein Q6Y2X3 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15525720 f lperfetto "Mutations in the gene encoding DJ-1 have also been linked to familial Parkinson€™s disease. Other studies have suggested that DJ-1 protects cells from oxidative damage, and mutations in DJ-1 may therefore contribute to in- creased levels of oxidative stress." SIGNOR-249698 MTURN protein Q8N3F0 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 28704656 t miannu "Here we report that viral infection induced upregulation of INKIT, an inhibitor for NF-κB and IRF3 that restricted innate antiviral responses by blocking phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3. Viral infection induced IKK-mediated phosphorylation of INKIT at Ser58, resulting in its dissociation from the IKKs. INKIT is associated with IKKα/β and TBK1/IKKɛ and inhibits the recruitment and phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3, respectively. IKKα and TBK1 phosphorylate INKIT at Ser58, which results in disassociation of INKIT from IKKα or TBK1 and thereby allows for the subsequent recruitment and phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3" SIGNOR-273663 YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10644769 f miannu "these results indicate a role for both NF-Y and Sp1 in the transcriptional activation of the MDR1 gene by genotoxic stress, and indicate that YB-1, if involved, is not sufficient to mediate this activation." SIGNOR-253873 MTURN protein Q8N3F0 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 28704656 t miannu "Here we report that viral infection induced upregulation of INKIT, an inhibitor for NF-κB and IRF3 that restricted innate antiviral responses by blocking phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3. Viral infection induced IKK-mediated phosphorylation of INKIT at Ser58, resulting in its dissociation from the IKKs. INKIT is associated with IKKα/β and TBK1/IKKɛ and inhibits the recruitment and phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3, respectively. IKKα and TBK1 phosphorylate INKIT at Ser58, which results in disassociation of INKIT from IKKα or TBK1 and thereby allows for the subsequent recruitment and phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3" SIGNOR-273664 "4-[2-[(1R)-1-(N-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl-2,5-difluoroanilino)ethyl]-5-fluorophenyl]butanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:94983 ChEBI PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000142 18032377 t gcesareni "We employed a combination of chimeric constructs and point mutants to identify structural determinants for ps1-selective inhibition by eln318463. Our studies identified amino acid residues leu(172), thr(281), and leu(282) in ps1 as necessary for ps1-selective inhibition by eln318463. These residues also contributed in part to the ps1-selective inhibition by bms299897." SIGNOR-159344 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT SNRK protein Q9NRH2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr173 QPGKKLTtSCGSLAY 9606 15733851 t Manara "We demonstrate that LKB1 activates SNRK by phosphorylating the T‐loop residue (Thr173)" SIGNOR-260824 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser639 PDVPRLGsTFSLDTS 9606 BTO:0000782 11024037 t lperfetto "However, under normal conditions, PKC activation resulting from CD43 engagement was required to activate the MAPK pathway, suggesting that phosphorylation of Cbl on serine residues by PKC and its association with 14-3-3 molecules may play a role in preventing the Cbl inhibitory effect on the Ras-MAPK pathway. " SIGNOR-249056 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser353 DSAIDTWsPSEWQMA 9606 11259409 t lperfetto "When subjected to phosphorylation by erk, the most efficient decrease in erk phosphorylation was observed with the s353a mutantamong the mechanisms underlying k protein ability to confer increased transcriptional output are interconversion of duplex and single-stranded dna (59) and association with the c/ebp_ (60), each of which could be better affected by the phosphorylated form of the k protein, which may increase affinity to associated proteins or dna." SIGNOR-105754 RECQL4 protein O94761 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 27287744 f "RECQL4 is important for genome stability and DNA damage repair." SIGNOR-258951 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT PBXIP1 protein Q96AQ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser147 REEGRCSsSDDDTDV 9606 BTO:0000007 24488098 t done miannu "MDM2-dependent HPIP degradation occurs in breast cancer cells on its phosphorylation by the estrogen-activated kinase TBK1. Phosphorylation of HPIP on serine 147 by TBK1 promotes E2-mediated GREB1 expression." SIGNOR-273811 ASB2 protein Q96Q27 UNIPROT FLNB protein O75369 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 19300455 t miannu "Here, we provide the first evidence that a novel ASB2 isoform, ASB2beta, is important for muscle differentiation. ASB2beta is expressed in muscle cells during embryogenesis and in adult tissues. ASB2beta is part of an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targets the actin-binding protein filamin B (FLNb) for proteasomal degradation.  Altogether, our results indicated that ASB2β can assemble with elongin B, elongin C, Cullin 5 and Rbx2 to reconstitute an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.ASB2β induces polyubiquitylation of FLNb." SIGNOR-271795 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM17 protein Q9Y577 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271237 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr589 SHDSEENyVPMNPNL 9606 10068651 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of gab2 was induced by stimulation through gp130, il-2r, il-3r, tpor, scfr, and tcr. Gab1 and gab2 were shown to be substrates for shp-2 in vitro." SIGNOR-236258 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 16076840 t gcesareni "The gsk-3 inhibitor lithium chloride was used to determine the role of gsk-3 in phosphorylation of ser-102, -104, and -106 and ser-118 in vivo and to explore the role of these serines in the regulation of eralpha function. Treatment of cells with lithium chloride resulted in dephosphorylation of ser-104 and -106 and ser-118, which suggests these serine residues as targets for gsk-3 in vivo. Our results further suggest that eralpha phosphorylation by gsk-3 stabilizes eralpha under resting conditions and modulates eralpha transcriptional activity upon ligand binding. Estradiol and phorbol ester cause phosphorylation of serine 118 in the human estrogen receptor. Potentiation of human estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation through phosphorylation of serines 104 and 106 by the cyclin a-cdk2 complex." SIGNOR-139324 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1137 EGPTRRLsLPGQLGA 9606 10488078 t lperfetto "Deletion of protein kinase a phosphorylation sites in the herg potassium channel inhibits activation shift by protein kinase afour consensus pka phosphorylation sites (s283a, s890a, t895a, s1137a)" SIGNOR-70718 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0001253 16418226 t gcesareni "Abrogation of pkcdelta activity inhibited insulin-induced stat3 phosphorylation, pkcdelta-stat3 association and nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-143832 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 16571352 f lperfetto "Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts responded to Shh stimulation with the induction of Hh target genes Gli1, Ptc1, and Hip1.These observations support the previously advanced notion of a functional redundancy or cooperativity between Gli2 and Gli1 in activation of target genes [18] and [43] and indicate a functional cooperation between Gli3 and Gli1." SIGNOR-209617 SH2B1 protein Q9NRF2 UNIPROT CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 32323266 t scontino "SHP-1 is recruited by the phosphorylated ITIM-bearing receptors such as CD22 and it dephosphorylates proximal BCR signaling molecules such as CD79, SYK, BLNK." SIGNOR-268457 GABRD protein O14764 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263773 ATG7 protein O95352 UNIPROT GABARAPL2 protein P60520 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 16303767 t lperfetto "Three human atg8 (hatg8) homologs, lc3, gabarap, and gate-16, have been characterized as modifiers in reactions mediated by hatg7 (an e1-like enzyme) and hatg3 (an e2-like enzyme)." SIGNOR-142002 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7590241 t miannu "Sox2 can form a ternary complex with either the ubiquitous oct-1 or the embryonic-specific oct-3 protein on fgf-4 enhancer dna sequences. However, only the sox2/oct-3 complex is able to promote transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-29509 TAF1 protein P21675 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr55 DDIEQWFtEDPGPDE 9606 15053879 t llicata "Phosphorylation on thr-55 by taf1 mediates degradation of p53" SIGNOR-123651 CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21606194 t gcesareni "Ck1 also phosphorylates lrp6 at the second ser residue in the pppspxs motif ck1_ in the lrp5/e-cadherin/p120-catenin complex temporally coincides with p120-catenin phosphorylation in ser268. moreover, and considering the close similarity between the catalytic domains of ck1_ and ck1_, it is possible that ck1_ is indeed responsible for the phosphorylation at ser1420 and ser1430 in lrp5/6 that negatively affects wnt signaling by still not defined mechanisms" SIGNOR-173853 CTNNBL1 protein Q8WYA6 UNIPROT PRP19-CDC5L complex SIGNOR-C534 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20176811 t miannu "In this study, we affinity purified the human Prp19/CDC5L complex from HeLa cell lines stably expressing FLAG-AD002 or FLAG-SPF27 and determined its molecular architecture and EM structure. To learn more about the spatial organization of the human Prp19 (hPrp19)/CDC5L complex, which is comprised of hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73, we purified native hPrp19/CDC5L complexes from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002 or SPF27." SIGNOR-271971 HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT PRP19-CDC5L complex SIGNOR-C534 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20176811 t miannu "In this study, we affinity purified the human Prp19/CDC5L complex from HeLa cell lines stably expressing FLAG-AD002 or FLAG-SPF27 and determined its molecular architecture and EM structure. To learn more about the spatial organization of the human Prp19 (hPrp19)/CDC5L complex, which is comprised of hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73, we purified native hPrp19/CDC5L complexes from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002 or SPF27." SIGNOR-271972 NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT HEY2 protein Q9UBP5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12548545 f gcesareni "Herp1 appears to be important particularly in the development of vascular tissue, and herp1might be regulated by vascular-specific isoforms of ligands and receptors such as dll4 and notch4" SIGNOR-97630 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002861 18682241 t flangone "We also find that SMADs bind with the NANOG promoter and that SMAD2/3 activity enhances NANOG promoter activity." SIGNOR-242044 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268217 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 BTO:0000007 17974916 t done miannu " Similarly, knockdown of both Lats1 and Lats2 decreased endogenous YAP phosphorylation (Fig. 3F), thus establishing an important role of Lats in YAP phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-274028 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253456 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t gcesareni "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-252066 IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT Lymphopoiesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH111 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000725 25085254 f "The Ikaros family of DNA binding proteins are critical regulators of lymphocyte differentiation. In multipotent hematopoietic progenitors, Ikaros supports transcriptional priming of genes promoting lymphocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-259958 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257971 STMN3 protein Q9NZ72 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 22577147 t lperfetto " Stathmins can thus sequester free tubulin that may result in inhibiting microtubule growth and/or promoting microtubule collapse" SIGNOR-264896 "Adalimumab (Imraldi)" antibody DB00051 DRUGBANK TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 33125196 t "Adalimumab is a recombinant human immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)" SIGNOR-272493 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT MYOD/HEB complex SIGNOR-C128 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16847330 t 2 miannu "The MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors function as heterodimers with members of the E-protein family to induce myogenic gene activation." SIGNOR-241122 DLL4 protein Q9NR61 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18339870 f gcesareni "Dll4 down-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) receptor 2 and nrp1 expression and inhibits vegf function" SIGNOR-178026 NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10029 BTO:0000246 7862111 t lperfetto "We also found that nck binds directly to the guanine nucleotide exchange factor sos. / by binding to sos, nckmay bring sos to cell membrane where the ras protein is located." SIGNOR-236321 CCL4 protein P13236 UNIPROT CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 20219869 t areggio "The investigators showed that myoblasts constitutively express receptors for CCL2 (CCR2), CCL3 (CCR1 and CCR5), and CCL4 (CCR5), and that stimulation with either CCL2 or CCL4 was sufficient to promote myoblast proliferation. " SIGNOR-255116 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT KLF5 protein Q13887 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16054042 f fspada "Klf5 expression is induced by c/ebpbeta and delta. KLF5, in turn, acts in concert with c/ebpbeta/delta to activate the ppargamma2 promoter." SIGNOR-210004 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 8832394 t 2 miannu "The transcriptionally active forms of E2F are heterodimers composed of one polypeptide encoded by the E2F gene family and one polypeptide encoded by the DP gene family.In transfected cells, DP-1 did not accumulate in the nucleus unless it was coexpressed with the heterodimeric partners E2F-1, E2F-2, or E2F-3." SIGNOR-240547 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9162033 t gcesareni "Androgen and glucocorticoid receptor heterodimer formation. A possible mechanism for mutual inhibition of transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-48516 MRPL2 protein Q5T653 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262374 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT up-regulates deacetylation Lys380 PTESSMYkYPSDISY 9606 24058639 t miannu "Hdac1 interacts with fli1 and mediates its deacetylation / our previous studies have shown that pcaf-dependent acetylation of fli1 at lysine 380 decreases its protein stability / p300 promotes the interaction of fli1 with hdac1 and increases the dna binding ability of fli1 through deacetylation of lysine 380" SIGNOR-202689 JMJD1C protein Q15652 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 32034158 t miannu "We now determine that JMJD1C is recruited by USF-1 to various lipogenic genes for H3K9 demethylation to enhance chromatin accessibility in the fed state." SIGNOR-265170 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002268 22323446 t miannu "F-box protein FBXL2 targets cyclin D2 for ubiquitination and degradation to inhibit leukemic cell proliferation. Purified SCF complex components were incubated with V5-cyclin D2 and the full complement of ubiquitination reaction components (second lane from left) showing polyubiquitinated cyclin D2." SIGNOR-272006 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-266340 EXOC3 protein O60645 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270786 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 19118012 t gcesareni "Egf-induced cdk3 activation caused c-jun phosphorylation at ser63 and ser73, resulting in increased ap-1 transactivation." SIGNOR-183009 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "TGF-b ligands bind to TGF-b type II receptor (TbRII), which transphosphorylates and activates TGF-b type I receptor (TbRI)." SIGNOR-255032 NOP10 protein Q9NPE3 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 18680434 t lperfetto "Dyskerin was recently found to be associated with active human telomerase (34), and mutations in dyskerin or NOP10 or deletion of the H/ACA motif of hTERC result in diminished telomerase activity" SIGNOR-263331 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr273 SPSVHPAtPISPGRA 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" lperfetto "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-244715 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271050 N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:32814 ChEBI (S)-dihydroorotate smallmolecule CHEBI:30864 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-268091 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT UBE2S protein Q16763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19822757 t lperfetto "Ube2S depends on the cell cycle-dependent association with the APC/C activators Cdc20 and Cdh1 for its activity" SIGNOR-265082 TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24463367 f lperfetto "While Top2a is essential in proliferating cells and has been linked to DNA replication and chromosome condensation/segregation, Top2b has been clearly indicated in regulating gene expression (e.g. Reln, Dab1, Catna2, Cdh13, Sst, Pbx3, and Epha7) during brain development" SIGNOR-242210 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser181 NPLLRKEsAPPSLRR 9606 18339811 t "Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. |Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs.|we demonstrate that PP2A constitutively dephosphorylates the class IIa member HDAC7 to control its biological functions as a regulator of T cell apoptosis and endothelial cell functions." SIGNOR-248647 WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 31048545 t lperfetto "WWP2 ubiquitylates RNA polymerase II for DNA-PK-dependent transcription arrest and repair at DNA breaks|In response to DSBs, WWP2 targets the RNAPII subunit RPB1 for K48-linked ubiquitylation, thereby driving DNA-PK- and proteasome-dependent eviction of RNAPII." SIGNOR-268851 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 12684058 t miannu "Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 activate alpha-ENaC2 transcription through a GC-rich element (Sp1-binding site) in the promoter. Sp1 and Sp3 are essential for alpha-ENaC2 transcription in lung epithelial cells and that dephosphorylation of the Sp transcription factors by PP1 suppresses alpha-ENaC2 expression." SIGNOR-251953 tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon chemical CHEBI:49883 ChEBI SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. Four nuclear genes encode the four subunits, SDHA (15 exons), SDHB (8 exons), SDHC (6 exons) and SDHD (4 exons), mapping on to chromosomes 5p15, 1p35-p36.1, 1q21 and 11q23, respectively." SIGNOR-267733 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MST1R protein Q04912 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1394 VRRPRPLsEPPRPT 9606 14505491 t lperfetto "Akt/pkb phosphorylates ron ser-1394, thus providing a docking site for 14-3-3based on these results, we propose a mechanism based on msp-ron-dependent phosphorylation and 14-3-3 association, whereby the function of alpha6beta4 switches from a mechanical adhesive device into a signaling component, and might be critically involved in human epidermal wound healing" SIGNOR-252471 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20404851 t lperfetto "Collectively, TRIF forms a multiprotein signaling complex along with TRAF6, TRADD, Pellino-1 and RIP1 for the activation of TAK1, which in turn activates the NF-_B and MAPK pathways." SIGNOR-216325 KCNQ3 protein O43525 UNIPROT KCNQ2 protein O43526 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000938 9836639 t "The M-current regulates the subthreshold electrical excitability of many neurons, determining their firing properties and responsiveness to synaptic input. To date, however, the genes that encode subunits of this important channel have not been identified. The biophysical properties, sensitivity to pharmacological blockade, and expression pattern of the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channels were determined. It is concluded that both these subunits contribute to the native M-current." SIGNOR-268832 SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT MXI1 protein P50539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000318 9528857 t 2 miannu "We identified a novel ZIP-containing protein, Mmip1 (Mad member interacting protein 1) that strongly dimerizes with all four Mad members, but not with c-myc. Mmip1 can inhibit DNA binding by Max-Mad heterodimers and, in vivo, can reverse the suppressive e€ects of Mad proteins on c-myc functions." SIGNOR-241223 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21871017 t miannu "NFAT induces the transcription of the COX2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) gene incancer cells thereby enhancing invasive migration" SIGNOR-264025 resiquimod chemical CHEBI:36706 ChEBI TLR7 protein Q9NYK1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15661881 t miannu "Imiquimod and resiquimod can tentatively be defined as human TLR7 or TLR7/8 agonists, respectively." SIGNOR-259246 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR TNNC2 protein P02585 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136755 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Leu-tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:16624 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269553 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr259 ASVDSSLyNLPRSYS 9606 BTO:0000007 19881549 t lperfetto "Using both mutagenesis and mass spectrometry approaches, y242, y259, y317, y373 and y627 of gab1 were identified to be phosphorylated by c-src a gab1 mutant with substitutions of the src phosphorylation sites failed to promote hgf-induced dna synthesis" SIGNOR-236310 LPCAT1 protein Q8NF37 UNIPROT 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine chemical CHEBI:58168 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272762 quizartinib chemical CHEBI:90217 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258271 hexestrol chemical CHEBI:31669 ChEBI AKR1C1 protein Q04828 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193230 PDK2 protein Q15119 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 19951971 t lperfetto "PIP3 recruits PDK1 and AKT to the plasma membrane, where PDK1 phosphorylates AKT on Thr308 in the activation loop of the kinase domain. The phosphorylation of AKT on Ser473 by PDK2 acts as a €œgain control€ for AKT and regulates its degree of activation. The sirolimus-insensitive mTORC2 complex exhibits PDK2 activity" SIGNOR-249630 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10464286 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-265348 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 25280219 f "MYC expression was relatively higher (P <0Æ1) in theFLT3/ITD-positive AML samples compared to non-mutant FLT3 AML." SIGNOR-261556 DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fission phenotype SIGNOR-PH143 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25486875 f lperfetto "During fission, DRP1 is recruited from the cytosol to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it assembles with FIS1 to constrict the mitochondrial tubule (2)" SIGNOR-272975 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT PIK3C2B protein O00750 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22128329 t miannu "We now show that trim27 functions as an e3 ligase and mediates lysine 48 polyubiquitination of pi3kc2_, leading to a decrease in pi3k enzyme activity." SIGNOR-177935 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14651849 t lperfetto "Under energy starvation conditions, the amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) phosphorylates tsc2 and enhances its activity." SIGNOR-216441 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-E protein P13747 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11137213 f "HLA-E is inducible by CIITA through the SXY regulatory module. HLA-F is inducible by NF-kappaB through the kappaB1 site of enhancer A, is responsive to IFN-gamma through the ISRE, and is inducible by CIITA" SIGNOR-254019 REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21832040 f miannu "HIPPI could bind to the promoter of REST and increased its expression in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells. Such activation of REST down-regulated expression of REST target genes, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or proenkephalin (PENK)." SIGNOR-255075 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263789 YWHAG protein P61981 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9534 14701738 t miannu "In order to address whether Gem binds specific isoforms of 14-3-3, we determined the coassociation of Gem and 14-3-3 in the neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y. 14-3-3ζ, -γ, -τ, and -β were observed to bind to Gem. 14-3-3-bound Gem has a twofold-longer half-life than nonbound Gem (Fig. ​(Fig.6).6). A similar increase in protein stability following 14-3-3 binding has been described for the Wee1 kinase" SIGNOR-261713 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP 9606 BTO:0000007 10973490 t lperfetto "Atm- and rad3-related also phosphorylates thr68 in addition to thr26 and ser50, which are not phosphorylated to a significant extent by atm in vitro.Substitution of thr68 with ala reduced the extent of phosphorylation and activation of chk2 in response to ir" SIGNOR-81442 SOX17 protein Q9H6I2 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10549281 t gcesareni "Two additional sox proteins, xsox17alfa and xsox3 , likewise bind to beta-catenin and inhibit its tcf-mediated signaling activity" SIGNOR-72006 ITGA4 protein P13612 UNIPROT "A4/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C187 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253293 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT WASF2 protein Q9Y6W5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser497 EFDEDDWsD 9606 19012317 t gcesareni "Here we identify five casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites within the vca domain of wave2, serines 482, 484, 488, 489, and 497. Phosphorylation of these sites is required for a high affinity interaction with the arp2/3 complex;we and show that their mutation to non-phosphorylatable alanine residues inhibits wave2 function in vivo." SIGNOR-182362 RGS6 protein P49758 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17609107 t flangone "Numb binds to integrin-betas and localizes to clathrin-coated structures" SIGNOR-156762 OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256683 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8878484 t fspada "We show here that the glucocorticoid receptor can act as a transcriptional co-activator for stat5 and enhance stat5-dependent transcription. Stat5 forms a complex with the gluco-corticoid receptor which binds to dna independently of the gre. This complex formation between stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor diminishes the glucocorticoid response of a gre-con-taining promoter." SIGNOR-44376 ATXN7 protein O15265 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269576 ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-252673 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23405013 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Erk-mediated phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 on ser777 inhibits signaling" SIGNOR-270013 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr52 LTRDETNyGIPQRAL 9606 19423701 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of rack1 on tyrosine 52 by c-abl is required for insulin-like growth factor i-mediated regulation of focal adhesion kinase.Tyrosine 52 is further shown to be phosphorylated by c-abl kinase, and the c-abl inhibitor sti571 disrupts fak interaction with rack1" SIGNOR-185649 AKAP8 protein O43823 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19531803 t Giulio "To determine whether AKAP95 and p105 were present in a complex in mammalian cells, FLAG-tagged AKAP95 wascoexpressed with Myc-tagged p105 in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Immunoprecipitation of either protein pulled down a complex containing AKAP95, p105, and PKA-Ca (Fig. 6D).|The identification of a PKA phosphorylation site in the C-terminal region of p105 suggests that p105 is a candidate substrate for AKAP95-targeted PKA." SIGNOR-260302 RASSF5 protein Q8WWW0 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22195963 t lperfetto "NORE1A can bind K-Ras.GTP through its RA domain and regulate the proapoptotic activity of MST1/2 kinases" SIGNOR-249586 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 14722106 t gcesareni "Once activated, calcineurin directly dephosphorylates NFAT proteins that are present in a hyperphosphorylated latent form in the cytoplasm and induces their rapid translocation into the nucleus, where in concert with nuclear partner proteins such as the AP-1 transcription factor complex, they are able to bind cooperatively to their target promoter elements and activate the transcription of specific NFAT target genes" SIGNOR-252313 DAP3 protein P51398 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261459 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr390 DSKFTRQtPVDSPDD 9606 BTO:0000182 21986499 t gcesareni "We show that PHLPP preferentially dephosphorylates the hydrophobic motif T389 site in S6K1 in vitro" SIGNOR-248247 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser23 PAPIRRRsSNYRAYA 9606 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134640 POLH protein Q9Y253 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21242293 f miannu "In this study we show that, in human cells, polη becomes phosphorylated by ATR at Ser601 after UV irradiation. Phosphorylation requires physical interaction of polη with Rad18 but is independent of PCNA monoubiquitination. We show that UV-induced phosphorylation of polη is required for normal survival and postreplication repair and is involved in checkpoint control." SIGNOR-259061 IRF1 protein P10914 UNIPROT DST protein Q03001 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15560761 t miannu "Transient transfection studies with BPAG1 promoter-luciferase reporter gene plasmids and IRF1 and IRF2 expression plasmids revealed that IRF1 and IRF2 directly down-regulated BPAG1 gene transcription in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes." SIGNOR-254492 "gemtuzumab ozogamicin" antibody DB00056 DRUGBANK CD33 protein P20138 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001545 11410481 t miannu "Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg; Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA) consists of a semisynthetic derivative of calicheamicin, a cytotoxic antibiotic linked to a recombinant monoclonal antibody directed against the CD33 antigen present on leukemic myeloblasts in most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)." SIGNOR-259892 bevacizumab antibody DB00112 DRUGBANK VEGFD protein O43915 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001615 15961063 t miannu "Clinical trials with VEGF inhibitors in a variety of malignancies are ongoing. Recently, a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab; Avastin) has been approved by the FDA as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy." SIGNOR-259887 GIT1 protein Q9Y2X7 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 14523024 t gcesareni "Git1 interaction with plcgamma is required for plcgamma activation based on inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation" SIGNOR-118454 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR TFAP2C protein Q92754 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269256 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 9606 12792650 t lperfetto "Inhibition of caspase-9 through phosphorylation at thr 125 by erk mapk" SIGNOR-101548 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HLA-B protein P01889 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 8206526 f miannu "In melanoma, HLA class I expression is suppressed by overexpression of the c-myc oncogene. We show here that transcription of the HLA-B locus, which is mainly affected by c-Myc, is downmodulated at the level of initiation of transcription." SIGNOR-254606 RSPO1 protein Q2MKA7 UNIPROT ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 22575959 t "Mechanistically, R-spondin interacts with the extracellular domain of ZNRF3 and induces the association between ZNRF3 and LGR4, which results in membrane clearance of ZNRF3. These data suggest that R-spondin enhances Wnt signalling by inhibiting ZNRF3." SIGNOR-260113 "Brivanib alaninate" chemical CID:11154925 PUBCHEM FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190726 VPS11 protein Q9H270 UNIPROT "CORVET tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C550 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273694 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR HJURP protein Q8NCD3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 17256767 t miannu "These data define a new protein complex in mammalian cells where 14‐3‐3 associates with FAKTS through phosphorylated S479. Our research identifies a widely expressed eukaryotic protein FAKTS, as a new Akt/PKB substrate localized in the nucleus. Akt/PKB promotes FAKTS association with 14‐3‐3, placing FAKTS under the control of 14‐3‐3 proteins. FAKTS may play an important role in transmitting Akt/PKB‐mediated signals in the complex network of intracellular signal transduction." SIGNOR-262624 SNRPD1 protein P62314 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270635 LY-2157299 chemical CHEBI:137064 ChEBI TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193775 MRPS16 protein Q9Y3D3 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000934 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261454 NPY protein P01303 UNIPROT NPY1R protein P25929 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9549761 t gcesareni "Analogs of npy and pyy have been synthesized that contain a proline residue in position 34 of the molecule, i.e., [leu31, pro34]npy (fuhlendorff et al., 1990) or [pro34]pyy (grandt et al., 1994b), and are much more potent at y1 than y2receptors." SIGNOR-56522 "9-cis-retinoic acid" chemical CHEBI:50648 ChEBI RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18321241 t miannu "Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a unique panagonist retinoid, capable of binding to all six known retinoid receptors (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma)." SIGNOR-259236 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT ATG9A protein Q7Z3C6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser761 QSIPRSAsYPCAAPR 9606 25266655 t miannu "Our data suggest that the localization of mammalian Atg9A to autophagosomes requires phosphorylation on the C terminus of Atg9A at S761, which creates a 14-3-3ζ docking site. Under basal conditions, this phosphorylation is maintained at a low level and is dependent on both ULK1 and AMPK." SIGNOR-266366 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser540 MDSEEPDsRGGSPQM 9606 18701453 t lperfetto "Gsk3_ phosphorylates eif2b_ at ser-539 (ser-535 in the rat sequence) and inactivates it" SIGNOR-180022 AHI1 protein Q8N157 UNIPROT Cilium_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH64 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000452 23532844 f miannu "Mutations in AHI1 cause Joubert syndrome (JBTS), a neurodevelopmental ciliopathy, characterized by midbrain-hindbrain malformations and motor/cognitive deficits. Here, we show that primary cilia (PC) formation is decreased in fibroblasts from individuals with JBTS and AHI1 mutations." SIGNOR-269080 C25H27N5O4S chemical CID:66577011 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189711 C7 protein P10643 UNIPROT "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30552328 t lperfetto "The human MAC pore was formed on liposomes from individual complement proteins. |The maps were further subdivided into three components: an asymmetric region (C5b, C6, C7, and C8), a hinge region (C7, C8, and two C9 molecules), and a C9 oligomer" SIGNOR-263443 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000667 15866158 t "Increased Calcineurin/NFAT activity by Notch signaling involves downregulation of Calcipressin, an endogenous Calcineurin inhibitor, through a HES-1-dependent mechanism .... Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of keratinocytes overexpressing HES-1 showed that this protein can bind to the HES binding sites present in both distal and proximal promoters" SIGNOR-252026 NCOR1 protein O75376 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18588516 f miannu "The down-regulation of slug in the ERalpha-positive MCF-7 cell line was mediated by direct repression of slug transcription by the formation of a co-repressor complex involving ligand-activated ERalpha protein, HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1) and N-CoR (nuclear receptor co-repressor)." SIGNOR-254229 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR 43S_pre_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C453 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269162 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-252323 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PEBP1 protein P30086 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser153 RGKFKVAsFRKKYEL 9606 14654844 t miannu "Here we show that the raf kinase inhibitor protein (rkip) is a physiological inhibitor of grk-2. After stimulation of gpcr, rkip dissociates from its known target, raf-1 (refs 6-8), to associate with grk-2 and block its activity. This switch is triggered by protein kinase c (pkc)-dependent phosphorylation of the rkip on serine 153." SIGNOR-119551 PARP10 protein Q53GL7 UNIPROT G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" 9606 BTO:0001938 37873303 t miannu "Further, we pinpoint the core SG component, G3BP1, as a PARP10 substrate and find that PARP10 regulates SG assembly driven by both G3BP1 and its modeled mechanism. Intriguingly, while PARP10 only adds a single ADP-ribose unit to proteins, G3BP1 is PARylated, suggesting its potential role as a scaffold for protein recruitment. PARP10 knockdown alters the SG core composition, notably decreasing translation factor presence." SIGNOR-273727 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000199 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253415 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr327 NSKPKKSyIATQGCL 9534 8995399 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 304 and 327 in shp-2 are phosphorylated by jaks, and phosphorylated shp-2 can associate with the downstream adapter protein grb2" SIGNOR-236274 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT VCPIP1 protein Q96JH7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser768 TPTKAPYsPTTSKEK 23500464 t lperfetto "We clarified that VCIP135, an essential factor in both p97 membrane fusion pathways, is phosphorylated on Threonine-760 and Serine-767 by Cdc2 at mitosis and that this phosphorylated VCIP135 does not bind to p97. " SIGNOR-265038 protriptyline chemical CHEBI:8597 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9537821 t miannu "At the human norepinephrine transporter, among the antidepressants desipramine was the most potent with a KD=0.83±0.05 nM. All the tetracyclic antidepressants, except mirtazapine, which is a structural analog of mianserin, were more potent at the norepinephrine transporter than at the serotonin transporter. Tomoxetine, considered from animal data to be very selective for the norepinephrine transporter, had high affinity for the human norepinephrine transporter (KD=2.03±0.06 nM). However, at the human serotonin transporter, tomoxetine was nearly as potent and close to that for dothiepin and venlafaxine. Venlafaxine, considered a serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was very weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. Its KD value was 5× less that than for norepinephrine. All of the serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, with the exception of paroxetine, were also weak at the human norepinephrine transporter." SIGNOR-258736 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10029407 f miannu "p53 transcriptionally activates expression of the genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, cathepsin D, and thrombospondin-1 but represses expression of the genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor and multidrug resistance-1." SIGNOR-255435 paliperidone chemical CHEBI:82978 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0000601 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258565 PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000222 18854138 f gcesareni "Our cell-based assays and in vitro studies reveal a tight codependent partnership between foxo3 and pax3/7 to coordinately recruit rna polymerase ii and form a preinitiation complex (pic) to activate myod transcription in myoblasts." SIGNOR-181621 motesanib chemical CHEBI:51098 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194566 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser988 PPLFPIKsFVKTKCK 9606 BTO:0000007 17603999 t "Protein kinases involved in the DNA damage checkpoint control, such as ATM, ATR, and hCds1/Chk2, have been shown to phosphorylate and activate BRCA1 upon DNA damage. |Altogether, these results indicate that PP1α specifically dephosphorylates BRCA1 at multiple serine sites, including S988 [12], S1423, and S1524." SIGNOR-248560 PDE6G protein P18545 UNIPROT PDE6A protein P16499 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20940301 t "Both PDE6C-A and PDE6C-B were potently and similarly inhibited by both Pγ subunits, with Ki values ranging from 33 to 46 pm (Fig. 5). The inhibition analysis revealed no significant differences between PDE6C-A and PDE6C-B" SIGNOR-260010 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11133764 t gcesareni "Jab/socs1/ssi-1 is an il-2 induced inhibitor of il-2 signaling that functions by inhibiting jak kinase activity" SIGNOR-85352 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 9890973 f lperfetto "These results indicate that hgk, a novel activator of the jnk pathway, may function through tak1, and that the hgk --> tak1 --> mkk4, mkk7 --> jnk kinase cascade may mediate the TNF-alphalpha signaling pathway." SIGNOR-63979 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 10884684 t miannu "Calmodulin is the best studied and prototypical example of the e-f-hand family of ca2+-sensing proteins. In the event of a transient rise in Ca2+, the Ca2+ ion is coordinated in each Ca2+-binding loop of Ca2+–CaM by seven, primarily carboxylate, ligands. The binding of Ca2+ leads to substantial alterations in the interhelical angles within the E–F hands in each domain and dramatically changes the two domains of CaM to produce more ‘openÂ’ conformations" SIGNOR-266317 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RGS14 protein O43566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 SATGKRQtCDIEGLV -1 12534294 t miannu "RGS14 is phosphorylated in vitro at Ser258 and Thr494 by PKA. cAMP-induced phosphorylation as an important modulator of RGS14 function since phosphorylation could enhance RGS14 binding to Galpha(i)-GDP" SIGNOR-250046 YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001023 17072343 f miannu "YB-1 knockdown by siRNA upregulated 344 genes, including MDR1, thymidylate synthetase, S100 calcium binding protein and cyclin B, and downregulated 534 genes, including CXCR4, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, E-cadherin and phospholipase C." SIGNOR-255614 GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257074 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19282669 t gcesareni "Erk-activates the rsk family of serine/threonine kinases,rsk1, rsk2, and rsk3." SIGNOR-184583 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23175188 f miannu "SIRT2 repressed NEDD4 gene expression by directly binding to the NEDD4 gene core promoter and deacetylating histone H4 lysine 16." SIGNOR-255144 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268215 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C504 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270884 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly376 SMTRVVGgLVALRGA -1 10930399 t lperfetto "The data presented in this study show for the first time the degradation of Factor XII of the blood clotting system by matrix metalloproteinases. MMP-12, MMP-13, and MMP-14 cleave at Gly376Leu377|However, no activity of Factor XII can be observed after MMPinduced cleavage." SIGNOR-263610 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 21078818 f gcesareni "Common mechanism that involves their wnt-dependent coupling to the frizzled (fzd) coreceptor and recruitment of shared components, including dishevelled (dvl), axin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3)." SIGNOR-169666 XRCC5 protein P13010 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002284 16166097 t miannu "The interaction of PDX-1 with Ku subunits and its phosphorylation on threonine 11 by the DNA-PK appear to be implicated in its degradation by the proteosome." SIGNOR-225537 idelalisib chemical CHEBI:82701 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190813 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT LIMK2 protein P53671 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr505 NDRKKRYtVVGNPYW 9606 11018042 t lperfetto "Specific activation of lim kinase 2 via phosphorylation of threonine 505 by rock, a rho-dependent protein kinase" SIGNOR-82755 HUWE1 protein Q7Z6Z7 UNIPROT POLL protein Q9UGP5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys273 AYSVQGDkWRALGYA 9606 BTO:0000567 22203964 t miannu "We found that Pol λ can be ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase Mule in vitro and in vivo and that this interaction is functionally connected to the phosphorylation-dependent stabilization of Pol λ by Cdk2/cyclinA. " SIGNOR-272905 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002882 8642285 t irozzo "Phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT5 was directly due to the tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr/Abl since it could be activated or deactivated by temperature shifting of cells expressing the Bcr/Abl ts mutant.These data suggest that STATs can be activated directly by Bcr/Abl, possibly bypassing JAK family kinase activation." SIGNOR-255813 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr323 DEPVADPyDQSFESR 9606 BTO:0000782 15735648 t lperfetto "Thus, phosphorylation of tyr323 dependent on the tyrosine kinase lck and mediated by zap70 serves as an important mechanism for tcr activation of p38 in t cells." SIGNOR-134329 NALCN protein Q8IZF0 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 32698188 t miannu "Persistently depolarizing sodium (Na+) leak currents enhance electrical excitability. The ion channel responsible for the major background Na+ conductance in neurons is the Na+ leak channel, non-selective (NALCN)" SIGNOR-265181 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr315 TFCGTPEyLAPEVLE 9606 BTO:0000944 15994200 t lperfetto "The PKB Y315 residue, which is known to be phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinase, was also a major site of phosphorylation by RET/PTC. RET/PTC-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation results in the activation of PKB kinase activity" SIGNOR-252619 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser328 ERALTEDsTQTSDTA -1 7836371 t gcesareni "Kinetic studies demonstrated that GRK2 has a Km for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the FPR of approximately 1.5 microM and that denaturation of the substrate results in an almost complete loss of phosphorylation [€] simultaneous substitution of the upstream Ser328, Thr329, Thr331, and Ser332 or merely the Ser328 and Thr329 residues resulted in an approximately 80% reduction in phosphorylation." SIGNOR-247763 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 19723038 t gcesareni "The activation of stat-3 is regulated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 by receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases these include epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) kinase,92 src,5 janus-activated kinases (jak), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)a constitutively active galpha16 mutant, galpha16ql, stimulated stat3-dependent luciferase activity as well as the phosphorylation of stat3 at both tyr705 and ser727. Galpha16ql-induced stat3 activation was enhanced by overexpression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1" SIGNOR-187787 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C118 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000667 15284024 t lperfetto "Stimulation of EGFR induces Tyr701 phosphorylation of STAT1 and initiates complex formation of STAT1 and STAT3 with JAK1 and JAK2. Thereafter, the STATs translocate to the nucleus within 15 min." SIGNOR-235664 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 18593906 t fspada "Pim1s expression induced the phosphorylation of foxo3a (fig. 5a and b) and inactivated its transcriptional activity (fig. 5c). A previous report showed that phosphorylation at t32, s253, and s315 residues in foxo3a induced 14-3-3 binding, nuclear export, and proteasomemediated degradation (42)." SIGNOR-179308 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 18481201 f gcesareni "In addition, immunoblot and immunostaining analysis revealed that phosphorylation of erk was increased by treatment with sb203580;whereas pd98059 increased the phosphorylation of p38, which implies a seesaw-like balance between erk and p38 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-178639 6-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole chemical CID:661498 PUBCHEM DCTPP1 protein Q9H773 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 28145708 t Federica "Here we report on thediscovery of a series of 3,6-disubstituted triazolothiadiazolesas potent dCTPase inhibitors." SIGNOR-261113 PTPRH protein Q9HD43 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "These results, combined with secondary dephosphorylation tests, confirm and extend earlier findings that ptp-1b and t-cell ptp are physiological enzymes for the insulin receptor kinase" SIGNOR-76076 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr31 SNYRAYAtEPHAKKK 9606 BTO:0000671 18986304 t llicata "Ms analysis indicated that mst1 phosphorylates ctni at thr(31), thr(51), thr(129) and thr(143)." SIGNOR-182057 CARD10 protein Q9BWT7 UNIPROT PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 31792381 t "TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ) through a scaffold protein, CARD10. This enables PKCθ to phosphorylate TBK1 at Ser 716, a crucial step for TBK1 activation" SIGNOR-272471 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 16481475 t lperfetto "Acetylated stat1 is able to interact with nf-kappab p65. As a consequence, p65 dna binding, nuclear localization, and expression of anti-apoptotic nf-kappab target genes decrease." SIGNOR-217418 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT BRSK2 protein Q8IWQ3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr174 VGDSLLEtSCGSPHY 9606 14976552 t lperfetto "Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1we recently demonstrated that the lkb1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase strad and the scaffolding protein mo25, phosphorylates and activates amp-activated protein kinase (ampk). A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold" SIGNOR-122485 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sPVRSVRK 9606 SIGNOR-C16 9029153 t lperfetto "Id2 acts by forming heterodimers that are unable to bind to specific (e-box) dna sequences. Here we show that this activity can be overcome by phosphorylation of a serine residue within a consensus target site for cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). In vitro, id2 can be phosphorylated by either cyclin e-cdk2 or cyclin a-cdk2_" SIGNOR-46397 ATP5PF protein P18859 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261398 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257988 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257908 GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 AFIAARGsFDGSSSQ -1 1527025 t "The major autophosphorylation site yielded the following sequence: DVGAFS488T489VKGVAFEK, where Ser488 and Thr489 are phosphorylated. Additionally, a minor autophosphorylation site was identified at Ser21. we speculate that autophosphorylation of RK may lower the affinity of the enzyme for Rho* via repulsion between phosphorylated sites on Rho* and the kinase." SIGNOR-251186 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256891 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12524424 t fspada "C/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta were found to physically interact with smad3 and smad4, and smad3 cooperated with smad4 and tgf-beta signaling to repress the transcriptional activity of c/ebps." SIGNOR-97120 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9520446 t lperfetto "Nf-kappab-inducing kinase activates ikk-alpha by phosphorylation of ser-176.Nik preferentially phosphorylates ikk-alpha over ikk-beta, leading to the activation of ikk-alpha kinase activity; the accumulated nik phosphorylates ikkalfa." SIGNOR-217433 WRN protein Q14191 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 19652551 f "Our work provides the first demonstration of the major importance of WRN in repair of a specific class of DSB in human cells." SIGNOR-258983 seliciclib chemical CHEBI:45307 ChEBI CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206574 "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263809 HDAC11 protein Q96DB2 UNIPROT BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30089714 t lperfetto "Ex vivo and cell-based assays revealed that HDAC11 catalytic activity suppresses the BAT transcriptional program, in both the basal state and in response to β-adrenergic receptor signaling, through a mechanism that is dependent on physical association with BRD2, a bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) acetyl-histone-binding protein." SIGNOR-262058 [5-[5-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-thiophenyl]-2-furanyl]-2-thiophenyl]methanol chemical CHEBI:94980 ChEBI TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 19223463 t gcesareni "Rita has been proposed to stabilize p53 by inhibiting the p53-hdm2 interaction." SIGNOR-184062 UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT MPG protein P29372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 25207814 t miannu "Here we report that MID1 catalyzes the in vitro ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) in the absence of alpha4. In the presence of alpha4, the level of PP2Ac ubiquitination is reduced.The high molecular weight smear pattern was not as obvious, suggesting that domains within the C-terminal half of MID1 may contribute to the polyubiquitination of PP2Ac. We observed that PP2Ac was ubiquitinated in the presence of UbcH5a-c and UbcH6, similar to results obtained with MID1-catalyzed ubiquitination of alpha4 (Figure 2E)" SIGNOR-271927 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr192 NLDNGGFyISPRITF 9606 BTO:0000782 8798764 t lperfetto "Our experiments indicate that the TCR-induced activation of Erk2 depends on the function of SH2 domain of Lck and is reduced by phosphorylation of wild type Lck at Tyr192 or by mutation of this site to a negatively charged amino acid. Such dependence on the SH2 domain has also been reported for the bulk of TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the interleukin 2 gene (26). Thus, phosphorylation of Lck at Tyr192 may represent a negative feedback mechanism in the interplay between Src and Syk family PTKs in TCR signaling" SIGNOR-246562 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15498859 t lperfetto "Pim-1 is know to be up regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (stat5)" SIGNOR-259436 RISC(DICER1/AGO2/TARBP2) complex SIGNOR-C32 SIGNOR NcRNA_processing phenotype SIGNOR-PH95 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23661684 f lperfetto SIGNOR-255323 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR KDM4A protein O75164 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000356 21768309 t lperfetto "SCF(FBXO22) regulates histone H3 lysine 9 and 36 methylation levels by targeting histone demethylase KDM4A for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-273443 GPR17 protein Q13304 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257087 naltrexone chemical CHEBI:7465 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258936 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys28 LATKAARkSAPSTGG 9606 SIGNOR-C6 21131905 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" fspada "These results highlight the substrate and site specificities of hats in cells, demonstrate the distinct roles of gcn5/pcaf- and cbp/p300-mediated histone acetylations in gene activation, and suggest an important role of cbp/p300-mediated h3k18/27ac in nr-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-170266 ZSTK-474 chemical CHEBI:90545 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207938 COPS8 protein Q99627 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270763 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 31776402 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of KDM5B at Ser1456 attenuated the occupancy of KDM5B on the promoters of pluripotency genes." SIGNOR-273451 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 10347229 t lperfetto "Cbl overexpression in nih3t3 cells enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (pdgfralpha)" SIGNOR-68024 PHC2 protein Q8IXK0 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C408 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31608994 t miannu "PRC1 has been categorised into canonical and noncanonical/variant PRC1; canonical PRC1 (Morey, Aloia, Cozzuto, Benitah, & Di Croce, 2013) includes chromobox (Cbx) proteins, Ring1, human polyhomeotic homologue protein (Hph) and polycomb ring finger (Pcgf) (Pcgf2/Mel18 and Pcgf4/Bmi1) proteins whereas noncanonical/variant PRC1 involves RING1 and YY1 binding protein (Rybp), Ring1 and Pcgf (Pcgf 1–6) proteins (Wu, Johansen, & Helin, 2013). Figure 3 illustrates the various proteins that form the canonical and noncanonical PRC1. The Ring1 along with Pcgf2/4 forms a core heterodimer which interacts with other accessory components of PRC1 complex through C‐terminal ring finger and WD40 ubiquitin‐like (RAWUL) domains see Figure 4b" SIGNOR-266810 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr302 DYGMMSDyGTARRTG -1 11382764 t lperfetto "Identification of Src phosphorylation sites in the catenin p120ctn.Using selected tyrosine to phenylalanine p120 mutants as dominant negative reagents, it may now be possible to selectively block events postulated to be dependent on p120 tyrosine phosphorylation.combinations of Tyr _ Phe mutations at residues 96, 112, 228, 257, 280, 291, 296, and 302" SIGNOR-246504 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr291 AETSKLIyDFIEDQG 10090 14707117 t "Mutation of tyrosine residue Y291, identified here as the major site of TCR-induced WASp tyrosine phosphorylation, abrogated induction of WASp tyrosine phosphorylation and its effector activities|WASp was tyrosine dephosphorylated by protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST" SIGNOR-248660 GTF2H3 protein Q13889 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269314 GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004032 21303898 t miannu "D1-class dopamine receptors (D1 and D5) activate the G s/olf family of G proteins to stimulate cAMP produc tion by AC and are found exclusively postsynaptically on dopamine-receptive cells, such as GABA-ergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum." SIGNOR-264992 mRNA_capping phenotype SIGNOR-PH178 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 19224921 f lperfetto "Because only mRNA molecules that have been correctly spliced, capped at the 5′ extremity, and processed at the 3′ extremity can be used as templates for translation, processing of mRNA precursors plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. 3′ processing of pre-mRNAs comprises two steps (reviewed in Ref. 4): cleavage and polyadenylation." SIGNOR-268317 DEAF1 protein O75398 UNIPROT HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14507979 f lperfetto "Our data indicate that NUDR is a repressor of the 5-HT1A receptor in raphe cells the function of which is abrogated by a promoter polymorphism." SIGNOR-254124 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FBXO5 protein Q9UKT4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr142 ALETSRLyEDSGYSS 9606 20717963 t lperfetto "We found that emi1 stability was regulated by phosphorylation and mutation of tyrosine 142 reduced the stability. Our data suggested bcr-abl-induced emi1 phosphorylation might be mediated by src kinase." SIGNOR-167529 MLH1 protein P40692 UNIPROT MLH1/PMS2 complex SIGNOR-C59 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10542278 t miannu "Hmlh1 and hpms2 function in postreplicative mismatch repair in the form of a heterodimer referred to as hmutl_" SIGNOR-71771 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1235 DMYDKEYySVHNKTG 9606 18819921 t "Using substrate trapping mutants of PTP1B or TCPTP, we have demonstrated that both phosphatases interact with Met and that these interactions require phosphorylation of twin tyrosines (Tyr-1234/1235) in the activation loop of the Met kinase domain.|Using small interfering RNA against PTP1B and TCPTP, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr-1234/1235 in the activation loop of the Met receptor is elevated in the absence of either PTP1B or TCPTP and further elevated upon loss of both phosphatases." SIGNOR-248412 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr36 LPPGDYStTPGGTLF 9606 SIGNOR-C3 17510057 t lperfetto "In response to insulin and nutrients, mTORC1, consisting of mTOR, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR), and mLST8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4EBP) and p70 S6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-154810 SETD1B protein Q9UPS6 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 32546567 t miannu "SETD1B encodes a lysine-specific methyltransferase that assists in transcriptional activation of genes by depositing H3K4 methyl marks." SIGNOR-265577 STK26 protein Q9P289 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 19386264 t lperfetto "Activation of ezrin is mediated by initial pip2 binding and subsequent phosphorylation of threonine 567. Mst4 phosphorylates the regulatory t567 residue of ezrin." SIGNOR-185563 panobinostat chemical CHEBI:85990 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257751 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser540 HVSEDSSsPERTSPP 9606 19107194 t lperfetto "We identified cyclinb/cdk1 as a cell cycle-dependent kinase that forms a complex with and phosphorylates sirt1. Mutation of two residues phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdk1 (threonine 530 and serine 540) disturbs normal cell cycle progression and fails to rescue proliferation defects in sirt1-deficient cells" SIGNOR-216841 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser197 APRRRAAsMDSSSKL 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252853 NARS1 protein O43776 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270457 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser261 CNLSRVDsTTCLFPV 9606 17941647 t gcesareni "Amp-activated protein kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase ii were identified to phosphorylate specifically ser243 in vitro. Phosphorylation by these two kinases results in an increase of enzymatic activity by 1.4-fold. These findings suggest for the first time that hgfat1 may be regulated by kinases other than pka." SIGNOR-158486 ADCY4 protein Q8NFM4 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265006 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11494141 f miannu "Defects in PTEN, a tumor suppressor, have been found in cancers arising in a variety of human tissues. To elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of this gene, we have been analysing expression profiles of cancer cells after introduction of exogenous PTEN. Those experiments identified 99 candidate genes that were transcriptionally transactivated. Among them, we report here the further analyses of eight genes, EGR2/Krox-20, BPOZ, APS, HCLS1/HS1, DUSP1/MKP1, NDRG1/Drg1/RTP, NFIL3/E4BP4, and a novel gene (PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase)." SIGNOR-260053 Tosedostat chemical CID:15547703 PUBCHEM LAP3 protein P28838 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207417 1-[4-[[2-(2-amino-5-pyrimidinyl)-7-methyl-4-(4-morpholinyl)-6-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-hydroxy-1-propanone chemical CHEBI:93753 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192604 HERPUD1 protein Q15011 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" relocalization 9606 29295953 t miannu "A key inhibitor of the turnover and Nt-arginylation of BiP was HERP (homocysteine-responsive ER protein), a 43-kDa ER membrane-integrated protein that is an essential component of ER-associated protein degradation. " SIGNOR-261346 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 9575217 t lperfetto "Jak2 kinase induces tyrosine phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear translocation, and dna binding of a concomitantly expressed stat5 protein" SIGNOR-249507 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 16266983 f gcesareni "We show that the presence of Flt3-ITD constitutively activates Akt (PKB), a key serine-threonine kinase within the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway." SIGNOR-245064 CERS1 protein P27544 UNIPROT ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26887952 t done miannu " Ceramides in mammals vary greatly in their acyl-chain composition: six different ceramide synthase isozymes (CERS1-6) that exhibit distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution account for this diversity. " SIGNOR-273993 PSMB6 protein P28072 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263361 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FCRL3 protein Q96P31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr662 PGDSNPIySQIWSIQ -1 12051764 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of SPAP2a by c-Src and in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated SPAP2 is specifically associated with SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that tyrosyl residues 650 and 662 embedded in the ITIMs are responsible for the binding of Syk and Zap70 while tyrosyl residues 692 and 722 embedded in the ITIMs are involved in interactions with SHP-1 and SHP-2." SIGNOR-274010 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT XRCC6 protein P12956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 ASGDYKYsGRDSLIF 9606 BTO:0001546 26337656 t done miannu "Ku70 phosphorylation occurs within minutes of genotoxic stress and involves DNA-PKcs and/or ATM kinase activities.By using specific vectors enabling the simultaneous shRNA-mediated inhibition of endogenous Ku70 and the expression of exogenous Ku70 resistant to shRNA (i.e. S27-S33-Ku70 and A27-A33-Ku70 expressing cells), we showed that phospho-Ku70 contributes to faster but error-prone DNA repair resulting in higher levels of chromosomal breaks." SIGNOR-274023 MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT DHX36 protein Q9H2U1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002042 20696886 t miannu "We further showed that both DHX9 and DHX36 are localized within the cytosol and are directly bound to the Toll-interleukin receptor domain of MyD88 via their helicase-associated domain 2 and DUF domains. This study demonstrates that DHX9/DHX36 represent the MyD88-dependent DNA sensors in the cytosol of pDCs and suggests a much broader role for DHX helicases in viral sensing." SIGNOR-260956 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CTDP1 protein Q9Y5B0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser575 AGESLDQsMEEEEEE 9606 BTO:0000567 12591939 t llicata "We found that only phosphorylated FCP1 can physically interact with TFIIF. We set out to purify an FCP1 kinase from HeLa cells and identified casein kinase 2, which, surprisingly, displayed a negative effect on FCP1-associated activities.| Phosphorylation of FCP1 by CK2 Inhibits the Transcription Elongation Activity of FCP1. | Two in vivo phosphorylation sites within the C terminus of FCP1 at Ser-575 and Ser-740 were identified" SIGNOR-251063 SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT Lewy_body_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH56 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12666095 f lperfetto "A key observation linking alpha-synuclein to PD was the demonstration that it is one of the principal components of Lewy bodies. Furthermore, mutant isoforms of alpha-synuclein more readily oligomerize, and it has been suggested that its tendency to aggregate into misfolded structures may confer toxic properties to the protein." SIGNOR-249700 "phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37328 ChEBI CAPZA1 protein P52907 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000132 12788695 t lperfetto "We further measured the ability of ppIs phosphorylated in positions D-3 and D-4 to release the F-actin capping proteins CapZ and gelsolin from OG-permeabilized platelets (Fig. 7A). Ten percent of platelet CapZ and gelsolin is found in the OG-insoluble fraction (4). PI3,4,5P3 and PI3,4P2 release both CapZ and gelsolin from these preparations." SIGNOR-261843 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT BCL11B protein Q9C0K0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22577461 f miannu "E2a positively regulates notch1 expression, which induces the expression of hebalt, bcl11b, and il7r." SIGNOR-197449 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1249 HGHVSDAsISLGEPV -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262906 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Leu649 NKGAIIGlMVGGVVI -1 10605825 t lperfetto "In this work, we used a sensitive in vitro method of detection to investigate the role of cathepasin D in the proteolytic processing of a 100-amino acid C-terminal fragment (C100) inclusive of βA4 and cytoplasmic domain of APP. Digestion of C100 with cathepsin D resulted in cleavage at the amyloidogenic γ-cleavage sites. This occurred preferentially at Thr43–Val44 and at Ala42–Thr43, generating full length βA4 43 and βA4 42 amyloid peptides, respectively. Cathepsin D was also found to cleave the substrate at the following nonamyloidogenic sites; Leu34–Met35, Thr48–Leu49 and Leu49–Val50. A high concentration of cathepsin D resulted in cleavage also occurring at Phe19–Phe20, Phe20–Ala21 and Phe93–Phe94 of the C100, suggesting that these sites are somewhat less sensitive to the action of cathepsin D." SIGNOR-261783 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser199 PRPEHTKsVYTRSVI 10116 18586681 t "Both sites were dephosphorylated with the same kinetics; the anti-Ser(P)198 antibody was subsequently used as it exhibited lower background staining. Direct comparison of PP2Cα with purified PP1 and PP2A lead us to conclude that at the same molar ratio PP2Cα was the most efficient in dephosphorylating PAK1 (Fig. 1D). In this case we monitored two autophosphorylation sites in the Pak1 N-terminal regulatory region (Ser57 and Ser198/203) using phosphospecific antibodies: both sites showed the same kinetics of inactivation." SIGNOR-248599 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000759 2158622 t miannu "We determined the affinity for T3 and analog binding characteristics of the translational products of c-erbA a- and /3-probes together with hepatic nuclear extracts." SIGNOR-258383 COL6A6 protein A6NMZ7 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Muscle basement membrane consists primarily of a type IV collagen network, however types VI, XV, and XVIII are also present." SIGNOR-254677 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7901013 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "In this paper we have studied the phosphorylation and activation of alternatively spliced forms of human th by mapkap kinase-1 , mapkap kinase-2, map kinase, and cam kinase-11" SIGNOR-270167 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257685 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22309736 t gcesareni "We provide evidence that wnt9a and wnt11 bind directly to the extracellular domain of musk, to induce musk dimerization and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of the kinase" SIGNOR-195966 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GTF2A1L protein Q9UNN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser356 VDGSGDTsSNEEIGS -1 12107178 t llicata "ALF was able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA, but it could not stabilize TBP mutants A184E, N189E, E191R, and R205E nor could it facilitate binding of the TBP-like factor TRF2/TLF to a consensus TATA element. However, phosphorylation of ALF with casein kinase II resulted in the partial restoration of complex formation using mutant TBPs. | Because the residues involved (Ser-280, Ser-281, Ser-316, and Ser-321) are conserved in ALF (Ser-356, Ser-357, Ser-418, and Ser-423), we tested whether its activity might also be affected by this modification. We first showed that ALF and TFIIAα/β polypeptides incubated with casein kinase II and [γ-32P]ATP could be labeled." SIGNOR-250870 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser448 IRRPRSLsSPTVTLS 9606 15677482 t gcesareni "Nedd4-2 function is negatively regulated by phosphorylation via a serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (sgk1), which serves as a mechanism to inhibit the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of enac. Sgk1 catalyzed phosphorylation of hnedd4-2 at ser-468 maintaining hnedd4-2 in an inactive phosphorylated state." SIGNOR-133438 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser448 IRRPRSLsSPTVTLS 9606 15328345 t gcesareni "Nedd4-2 was a substrate for phosphorylation by pka in vitro and in cells;three nedd4-2 residues were phosphorylated by pka and were required for camp to inhibit nedd4-2 (relative functional importance ser-327 > ser-221 > thr-246)." SIGNOR-128429 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GABBR1 protein Q9UBS5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser868 ITRGEWQsEAQDTMK 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 20643921 t gcesareni "Nmda-dependent internalization of gabab receptors requires activation of ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii (camkii), which associates with gabab receptors in vivo and phosphorylates serine 867 (s867) in the intracellular c terminus of the gabab1 subunit." SIGNOR-166846 TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20018851 t "GILZ inhibits FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXO4 transcriptional activities measured with natural or synthetic FOXO-responsive promoters in HL-60 cells." SIGNOR-256147 GPHN protein Q9NQX3 UNIPROT GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0000938 21994384 t miannu "we demonstrate that GABA(A)Rs and gephyrin are intimately associated at inhibitory synapses in cultured rat neurons. Our results suggest that the direct binding of gephyrin to residues 360-375 of the α1 subunit and its modulation are likely to be important determinants for the stabilization of GABA(A)Rs at synaptic sites, thereby modulating the strength of synaptic inhibition." SIGNOR-264964 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 9606 BTO:0000887 11160134 t lperfetto "Thus, at least three kinases mediate phosphorylation of ser307, including jnk, serine kinases in the pi 3-kinase cascade that are activated byinsulinor igf-1, and mek1-sensitive kinase cascades during tnf-alfa stimulation." SIGNOR-236611 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser531 GSRSRTPsLPTPPTR -1 9614189 t miannu "S214 can be rapidly and selectively phosphorylated in vitro by PKA, and this single site strongly affects tau's ability to bind and stabilize microtubules." SIGNOR-250006 PPP1R9B protein Q96SB3 UNIPROT TIAM1 protein Q13009 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 12531897 t miannu "Spinophilin binding promotes the plasma membrane localization of Tiam1 and enhances the ability of Tiam1 to activate p70 S6 kinase." SIGNOR-269175 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 31226023 t miannu "Besides PERK, eIF2α can also be phosphorylated by three other kinases: heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI), general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2), and PKR. PKR is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) activated by binding of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a common intermediate during the replication of DNA and RNA viruses. Together, these four eIF2α kinases and their convergent downstream signaling pathways are known as the integrated stress response (ISR)" SIGNOR-260168 TRIB3 protein Q96RU7 UNIPROT COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16794074 t miannu "TRB3 appears to inhibit ACC activity by functioning as an adaptor for COP1.  Taken together, these results suggest that TRB3 may promote loss of fat by mediating the COP1-dependent ubiquitination and inactivation of ACC. Taking these results together, we propose that TRB3 may protect against diet-induced obesity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation in adipose during fasting through the COP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ACC (Fig. 4D)." SIGNOR-271602 MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" BTO:0001103 17495111 f "Simone Vumbaca" "In summary, the absence of Myf5 clearly reduced the initial expansion of satellite cell-derived transient amplifying cells and resulted in a shift of the ratio of satellite cell subpopulations but did not affect the specification and generation of specific subpopulations of satellite cell-derived cells such as reserve cells, amplifying cells, and differentiating mature myogenic cells." SIGNOR-255643 vatalanib chemical CHEBI:90620 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207642 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 10090 15367694 t "Protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates insulin's metabolic signaling pathway by inhibiting Akt (protein kinase B) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" SIGNOR-248627 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT ATP1B1 protein P05026 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9694812 t miannu "Together these data indicate that the 21-base pair sequence represents a true MRE/GRE and that optimal activation of the human Na/K-ATPase beta1 promoter is controlled by mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones. It appears that an interaction of MR with GR on the beta1 promoter effectively down-regulates transcription." SIGNOR-254864 MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT A2M protein P01023 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Arg719 VMGRGHArLVHVEEP -1 9344465 t lperfetto "The complex formation was confirmed by the use of 125I-labeled matrix metalloproteinase-2. The cleavage sites in the ""bait"" regions following formation of high-molecular-weight complexes of matrix metalloproteinases with the alpha-macroglobulins were determined by protein sequence analysis. Pregnancy zone protein was cleaved at Thr693-Tyr694 and alpha2-macroglobulin at Gly679-Leu680 and Arg696-Leu697 by matrix metalloproteinase-2. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 cleaved alpha2-macroglobulin at the same site as matrix metalloproteinase-2, but cleavage of pregnancy zone protein was at Leu753-Ser754.|MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261740 LRFN5 protein Q96NI6 UNIPROT PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 27225731 t miannu "SALM5 trans-synaptically interacts with LAR-RPTPs in a splicing-dependent manner to regulate synapse development. we identified LAR-RPTPs as novel ligands of SALM5 that mediates SALM5-dependent presynaptic differentiation in a splicing-dependent manner. Our data indicate that SALM5 interacts with all three known LAR-RPTPs—LAR, PTPδ, and PTPσ (Fig. 1)." SIGNOR-264087 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000149 21402876 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that the intracellular domain of notch 4 is targeted for ubiquitylation and hence degradation by the ubiquitin ligase mdm2." SIGNOR-172826 phosphatidylglycerol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:60523 ChEBI CRLS1 protein Q9UJA2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 16678169 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin is synthesized from cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, a process catalyzed by the enzyme cardiolipin synthase." SIGNOR-267029 ANGPT1 protein Q15389 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9204896 t gcesareni "Angiopoietin-1 (ang1) is an angiogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase." SIGNOR-49355 "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264133 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT UGT1A8 protein Q9HAW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 15044625 t "Using gel shift and functional assays, HNF1alpha was demonstrated to bind to and activate the UGT1A8, -1A9, and -1A10 promoters. In contrast, Cdx2 bound to and activated the UGT1A8 and -1A10 promoters but could not activate the UGT1A9 promoter." SIGNOR-253972 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 7839144 t lperfetto "Two human MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) were cloned that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase." SIGNOR-34121 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 15586017 t "Regulation of localization" miannu "The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is induced in the aldosterone sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) where it may stimulate Na reabsorption, partly by inhibiting ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2-mediated retrieval of epithelial Na+ channel ENaC from the luminal membrane." SIGNOR-251948 NQO1 protein P15559 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000849 20226854 f irozzo "More importantly, our results also indicate that NF-kappaB p50 correlates with the expression of NQO1 and mediates its role in the proliferation of melanoma cells." SIGNOR-256264 ADSL protein P30566 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 31729379 f miannu "An integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveals that ADSL activates the oncogenic cMYC pathway by regulating cMYC protein level via a mechanism requiring ADSL proline 24 hydroxylation. ADSL regulates cMYC protein level through adenosine levels" SIGNOR-266614 IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249505 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr986 QRQPFVKyATLISNS 9606 BTO:0000007 11018044 t miannu "LRb signaling is initiated by leptin binding to the extracellular domain of the LRb dimer, leading to Jak2 transphosphorylation and activation. Activated Jak2 mediates the tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyr985 and Tyr1138of LRb. These phosphotyrosine residues immediately function as binding sites (double-ended lines) for SHP-2 and STAT3, both of which quickly become tyrosine-phosphorylated by Jak2." SIGNOR-263493 4'-((2-Butyl-4-oxo-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-3-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitrile chemical CID:9843116 PUBCHEM ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001239 17888667 t Luana "AChE inhibitory activity study was carried out by using Ellman colorimetric assay with neostigmine as a reference standard against targets from different species, such as pure electric eel AChE, human serum AChE, and rat brain AChE. Among the compounds synthesized, compounds 5a, 5b, 5j showed good inhibition against AChE." SIGNOR-257759 NR0B1 protein P51843 UNIPROT NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002588 19237537 t miannu "The in vivo existence of an SF-1 corepressor complex consisting of DAX-1, RNF31, and SMRT at the steroidogenic promoters of the human StAR and CYP19 genes. We demonstrate that RNF31 is necessary for the stable association of the DAX-1 corepressor complex with chromatin-bound SF-1, thereby inhibiting the recruitment of coactivators and Pol II and controlling basal transcription levels of SF-1 target genes." SIGNOR-271784 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT CAV3 protein P56539 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0001538 15199055 f "Furthermore, we show that the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and caveolin-3 promoters are directly regulated by ROR and coactivated by p300 and PGC-1. This study implicates RORs in the control of lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-254259 TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 12671681 f "In this study, we showed that GILZ, which is transcriptionally induced by GCs, inhibits the transcription of the PPAR-γ2 gene and blocks adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-253296 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 23150757 t lperfetto "Dual Roles of MDM2 in the Regulation of p53: Ubiquitination Dependent and Ubiquitination Independent Mechanisms of MDM2 Repression of p53 Activity" SIGNOR-199371 "Immunoglobulin delta heavy chain" protein P0DOX3 UNIPROT BCR-Dl complex SIGNOR-C436 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 20176268 t scontino "Immunoglobulins (Igs) belong to the eponymous immunoglobulin super-family (IgSF). They consist of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains, where the L chain can consist of either a κ or a λ chain. There are five main classes of heavy chain C domains. Each class defines the IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE isotypes." SIGNOR-268199 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr115 ADRRKAAtMRERRRL 9534 1335366 t lperfetto "FGF inactivates myogenic helix-loop-helix proteins through phosphorylation of a conserved protein kinase C site in their DNA-binding domains." SIGNOR-248845 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp330 LRTFDQLdAISSLPT 9606 BTO:0001412 15657060 t lperfetto "In turn, casp3 directs feedback cleavage of casp9 at asp-330 to generate p37 and p10 subunits." SIGNOR-133264 PLK2 protein Q9NYY3 UNIPROT CENPJ protein Q9HC77 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser595 ISFSSNSsFVLKILE 9606 20531387 t lperfetto "Plk2 phosphorylates the s589 and s595 residues of cpap in vitro and in vivo. This phosphorylation is critical for procentriole formation during the centrosome cycle. Plk4 also phosphorylates s595 of cpap" SIGNOR-166003 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 15520282 f "We report that Ezh2 expression was developmentally regulated in the myotome compartment of mouse somites and that its down-regulation coincided with activation of muscle gene expression and differentiation of satellite-cell-derived myoblasts" SIGNOR-255719 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT DNASE1 protein P24855 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255092 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT NEUROD1 protein Q13562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268904 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 28137827 t miannu "Binding of S100A9 to TLR4 stimulates the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, which leads to the activation of c-Jun, CREB, and NF-κB. Activation of neutrophils by S100A9 also proceeds via p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-261929 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-146882 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257345 Nalorphine chemical CHEBI:7458 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258813 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr220 SLDGSREyVNVSQEL 9606 11368773 t lperfetto "In the present study we reconstituted the LAT signalling pathway by demonstrating that a direct tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT with activated protein-tyrosine kinase Zap70 is necessary and sufficient for the association and activation of signalling proteins. Zap-70 efficiently phosphorylates LAT on tyrosine residues at positions 226, 191, 171, 132 and 127." SIGNOR-247030 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15577939 t miannu "Hsp90 causes substantial activation of ppp5 by competing for tpr_phosphatase domain contacts and allowing access to the catalytic site." SIGNOR-131564 NPBWR1 protein P48145 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256818 PROC protein P04070 UNIPROT F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg534 KSRSLDRrGIQRAAD -1 7989361 t lperfetto "The mechanism of inactivation of human factor V and human factor Va by activated protein C|Membrane-bound human factor V (250 nM) is cleaved by APC (2.5 nM) to give M(r) = 200,000, 70,000, 45,000, and 30,000 fragments and an M(r) = 22/20,000 doublet. These fragments are released after four sequential cleavages of the membrane-bound procofactor at Arg306, Arg506, Arg679, and Lys994." SIGNOR-263629 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr788 SLEKHSWyHGPVSRN 9606 16912036 t Manara "Src family kinases phosphorylate the Bcr-Abl SH3-SH2 region and modulate Bcr-Abl transforming activity. | Tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH3-SH2 region is essential for full Bcr-Abl biological activity." SIGNOR-260813 WNT9A protein O14904 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-132073 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT2B protein Q93097 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242701 AIP protein O00170 UNIPROT TFF1 protein P04155 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 21984905 t "In this study, we show that XAP2 is recruited to the promoter of ERα regulated genes like the breast cancer marker gene pS2 or GREB1 and negatively regulate the expression of these genes in MCF-7 cells." SIGNOR-253643 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14551136 t gcesareni "All together, our results indicate that shp-1 inhibits prlr and epor signaling by recruitment and targeting of socs-1 to jak2, highlighting a new mechanism of shp-1 regulation of cytokine-receptor signaling." SIGNOR-118572 MRPS30 protein Q9NP92 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262342 MBOAT7 protein Q96N66 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18772128 t miannu "The cycle of deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids plays a critical role in regulating availability of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. The major yeast lysophospholipid acyltransferase, Ale1p, is related to mammalian membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) proteins. MBOAT7 is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase with remarkable specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA. MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 are particularly susceptible to inhibition by thimerosal. Human neutrophils express mRNA for these four enzymes, and neutrophil microsomes incorporate arachidonoyl chains into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, PS, and phosphatidylethanolamine in a thimerosal-sensitive manner. These results strongly implicate MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 in arachidonate recycling, thus regulating free arachidonic acid levels and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-267247 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 BTO:0000150 15084260 t gcesareni "Ikkbeta phosphorylates foxo3a at ser644. Ikappab kinase (ikk) physically interacts with, phosphorylates, and inhibits foxo3a independent of akt and causes proteolysis of foxo3a via the ub-dependent proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-124207 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser189 DEEFREPsTGKTCLP 9606 19661060 t Manara "We conclude that the serine/threonine kinases PKC and PKA enhance activation of the TRPV4 ion channel by phosphorylation at specific sites and that phosphorylation depends on assembly of PKC and PKA by AKAP79 into a signaling complex with TRPV4." SIGNOR-260884 MTNR1B protein P49286 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256850 DCAF7 protein P61962 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 "BTO:0002181; BTO:0003484" 16887337 f Giorgia "HAN11 and mDia1 repressed DYRK1A-dependent GLI1 transcriptional activity. The studies of SZ95 cells suggest that HAN11 reduces GLI1-dependent transcription by decreasing the nuclear pool of GLI1." SIGNOR-260634 AKAP8L protein Q9ULX6 UNIPROT mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11402034 f miannu "These results support the proposal that both RHA and HAP95 facilitated the nuclear export of unspliced, CTE-containing mRNA in human cells. we have extended this earlier study by mapping the functional domains of HAP95 and providing strong evidence for a direct role of HAP95 in RHA-mediated nuclear export of CTE-containing mRNA." SIGNOR-260953 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT ISYNA1 protein Q9NPH2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 15464731 f lperfetto "Human myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (IP synthase; E.C. 5.5.1.4), encoded by ISYNA1, catalyzes the de novo synthesis of inositol 1-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate.|Here, we have characterized the minimal promoter of ISYNA1 and show that it is upregulated by E2F1." SIGNOR-254130 EPO protein P01588 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 9442088 t gcesareni "Binding of erythropoietin (epo) to the epo receptor (epor) initiates a signaling cascade resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins and induction of ap-1 transcription factor(s)." SIGNOR-55300 apixaban chemical CHEBI:72296 ChEBI F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189865 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 16501611 t "Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway." SIGNOR-248557 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001760;BTO:0000142 15096606 t gcesareni "We report here that the cdk5/p35 complex associates with stat3 and phosphorylates stat3 on the ser-727 residue in vitro and in vivo. Ser phosphorylation of stat3 and transcription of stat3 target genes, such as c-fos and junb, in a cdk5-dependent manner." SIGNOR-124325 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 16510874 f Luana "Beta-cat promotes h3k4 trimethylation at the c-myc gene in vivo. H3k4 trimethylation in vivo requires prior ubiquitination of h2b, and we find that ubiquitin is necessary for transcription initiation on chromatin but not nonchromatin templates in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that beta-cat recruits pygopus, bcl-9/legless, and mll/set1-type complexes to the c-myc enhancertogether with the negative wnt regulators, apc, and betatrcp." SIGNOR-260448 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259015 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT GEMIN6 protein Q8WXD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 23022481 t lperfetto "Here, we report that FUS associates with the SMN complex, mediated by U1 snRNP and by direct interactions between FUS and SMN.|The FUS IP and pulldown revealed that FUS also associates with components of the SMN complex, including SMN and Gemins 4 and 6 |Remarkably, the number of SMN-stained nuclear bodies was dramatically reduced in the FUS knockdown cells" SIGNOR-262106 MICU1 protein Q9BPX6 UNIPROT MCU_MICUB_variant complex SIGNOR-C499 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270859 MICU2 protein Q8IYU8 UNIPROT MCU_MICUB_variant complex SIGNOR-C499 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270860 AFDN protein P55196 UNIPROT RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10545207 t miannu "Rit and Rin were found to interact with the known Ras binding proteins RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6/Canoe. These interactions were GTP and effector domain dependent and suggest that RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6 are Rit and Rin effectors." SIGNOR-220926 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269410 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270695 "Angiotensin 1-7" protein P01019-PRO_0000420660 UNIPROT MAS1 protein P04201 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23488800 t miannu "Recent advances have improved our understanding of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). These have included the recognition that angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a biologically active product of the RAS cascade. The identification of the ACE homologue ACE2, which forms Ang-(1-7) from Ang II, and the GPCR Mas as an Ang-(1-7) receptor have provided the necessary biochemical and molecular background and tools to study the biological significance of Ang-(1-7)." SIGNOR-260229 clofarabine chemical CHEBI:681569 ChEBI POLG2 protein Q9UHN1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1707752 t miannu "Effects of 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 Cellular Metabolism and the Inhibition of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase and DNA Polymerases by Its 5′-Triphosphate.The effect of Cl-F-ara-ATP on human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma isolated from K562 cells grown in culture was determined and compared with those of Cl-dATP and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine triphosphate (F-ara-ATP). Cl-F-ara-ATP was a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha.Cl-F-ara-ATP was not a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta, DNA polymerase gamma, or DNA primase." SIGNOR-258362 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1675 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269374 ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "ceramide 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:84404 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34202192 t miannu "Another relevant enzyme is Ceramide kinase (CerK), which phosphorylates Cer to produce Ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P)." SIGNOR-268501 ADL-5859 chemical CID:46931003 PUBCHEM OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189278 MUL1 protein Q969V5 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys594 GNWRGMLKTSKAEEL 9606 BTO:0000007 19638400 t Barakat "Through a detailed analysis, we find that Drp1 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 via multiple regions and demonstrate that Drp1 is a direct target of SUMO modification by all three SUMO isoforms." SIGNOR-274128 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT MFN1 protein Q8IWA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000793 20871098 f Barakat "Ubiquitination of MFN-1 or MFN-2 was induced in untransfected cells and cells transfected with control siRNA. However, ubiquitination of MFN-1 and MFN-2 was significantly reduced when treated with either PINK1 siRNA combination. These results suggest that PINK1 is required for the ubiquitination of MFN-1 and MFN-2." SIGNOR-274135 LARS1 protein Q9P2J5 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270355 DLGAP3 protein O95886 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9115257 t miannu "SAPAPs are specifically expressed in neuronal cells and enriched in the PSD fraction. SAPAPs induce the enrichment of PSD-95/SAP90 to the plasma membrane in transfected cells. Thus, SAPAPs may have a potential activity to maintain the structure of PSD by concentrating its components to the membrane area." SIGNOR-264211 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser774 SVPAGRRsPTSSPTP -1 12855954 t llicata "Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) phosphorylates dynamin I on Ser 774 and Ser 778 in vitro, which are identical to its endogenous phosphorylation sites in vivo. Cdk5 antagonists and expression of dominant-negative Cdk5 block phosphorylation of dynamin I, but not of amphiphysin or AP180, in nerve terminals and inhibit SVE. " SIGNOR-250661 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270725 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21389315 f irozzo "Consequently, cell cycle and apoptosis analyses suggest that MLL-AF4 conveys a selective proliferation coupled to a survival advantage, which correlates with changes in the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, sensing DNA damage and DNA repair." SIGNOR-255872 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 QQQSYLDsGIHSGAT 9606 SIGNOR-C110 11955436 t gcesareni "Wnt regulation of beta-catenin degradation is essential for development and carcinogenesis. beta-catenin degradation is initiated upon amino-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation, which is believed to be performed by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in complex with tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adnomatous polyposis coli (APC)." SIGNOR-116520 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT PARN protein O95453 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser557 NHYYRNNsFTAPSTV 9606 20932473 t lperfetto "Mk2 phosphorylates parn, blocking gadd45_ mrna degradation. Parn can serve as a direct substrate for mk2, and demonstrating that ser-557 is the dominant mk2 phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-168377 OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" glycosylation Ser530 VVIPATVsNNVPGSD 9606 26399441 t lperfetto "Our previous investigation on O-GlcNAcylation of PFK1 has demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation inhibits PFK1 enzyme activity|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively." SIGNOR-267584 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BAIAP2L1 protein Q9UHR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr439 VVIPPPDyLECLSMG -1 21840312 t miannu "Here, we report that overexpression of IRTKS increases the speed of wound closure of HT1080 cells in a Src-dependent manner. Active Src phosphorylates IRTKS in vivo and in vitro. Deletion mapping and mutation analysis revealed that six tyrosine residues (Y37, Y156, Y163, Y274, Y293 and Y439) were Src-stimulated phosphorylation sites on IRTKS. Disruption of Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation abolished the effect of IRTKS on wound closure. Collectively, these data suggest Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation is essential for its function in cell motility." SIGNOR-263042 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr299 PERRRLKtTRLKEYT 9606 15611134 t lperfetto "Zipk autophosphorylates in vitrowe have identified six phosphorylation sites in zipk that regulate both its enzyme activity and localization, including thr180, thr225, thr265, thr299, thr306, and ser311.Abrogation of phosphorylation of thr299, thr306, and ser311 had little effect on enzyme activity, but mutation of thr299 and thr300 to alanine resulted in redistribution of zipk from the cytosol to the nucleus" SIGNOR-132471 SERPINA1 protein P01009 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 17635716 t lperfetto "Alpha1PI, historically known as alpha1-antitrypsin, is a 51 kDa, 394 amino acid glycoprotein, synthesized in the liver, circulating at c. 1.3 mg mL-1 with a half-life of 4.5 days" SIGNOR-263524 PGAM2 protein P15259 UNIPROT 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266515 PSPN protein O60542 UNIPROT GFRA4 protein Q9GZZ7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11116144 t gcesareni "Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) family ligands signal through receptor complex consisting of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked gdnf family receptor (gfr) alpha subunit and the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase ret." SIGNOR-85162 G3BP2 protein Q9UN86 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23279204 f SARA "G3BP1 and G3BP2 form homo‐ and hetero‐multimers to induce SGs" SIGNOR-260983 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PLEC protein Q15149 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr4539 GGLIEPDtPGRVPLD 9606 SIGNOR-C17 19709076 t lperfetto "Identification of plectin as a substrate of p34cdc2 kinase and mapping of a single phosphorylation site. threonine 4542 was identified as the major target for the kinase. Phosphorylation of plectin by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b (cdk1/cycb) kinase has been reported to abolish its cross-linking function during mitosis. Here, we induced phosphorylation of plectin in prepared fractions of hela cells by adding activated cdk1/cycb kinase. Consequently, there was significant dissociation of the centrosome from the nuclear membrane." SIGNOR-187766 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 RSQELRKtFKEIICC 9606 12639913 t gcesareni "Mutagenesis studies revealed that Thr312 and Ser329/330 in the C-terminal tail are potential sites for PKA and GRK phosphorylation and may play an essential role in the recruitment of beta-arrestin to the activated receptor." SIGNOR-247770 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine smallmolecule CHEBI:34795 ChEBI CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-209992 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271008 ALDOA protein P04075 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266487 TRIM41 protein Q8WV44 UNIPROT PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17893151 t miannu "RINCK induces the ubiquitination of PKC both in vitro and in cells. Overexpression of RINCK reduces the levels of PKC in cells, whereas genetic knockdown of endogenous RINCK increases the levels of PKC. The RINCK-mediated ubiquitination is likely to be polyubiquitination, because the ubiquitinated PKCβII was detected as a high molecular weight smear." SIGNOR-271668 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr934 PAHASDEiYEIMQKC 9606 19275932 t Manara "C-Abl phosphorylates three tyrosine residues on PDGFR-β (Y686, Y934, Y970) | These data are exciting as they indicate that abl kinases not only are activated by pdgfr and promote pdgfr-mediated proliferation and migration,but also act in an intricate negative feedback loop to turn-off pdgfr-mediated chemotaxis." SIGNOR-260931 UBE2D2 protein P62837 UNIPROT TRIM5 protein Q9C035 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18312418 t miannu "Here, we show that TRIM5alpha functions as a RING-finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase both in vitro and in vivo and ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. " SIGNOR-271670 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 10090 BTO:0000944 11579209 t lperfetto "Ptp1b is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates insulin sensitivity by dephosphorylating the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-235495 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Leu-tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:16624 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269513 GPC6 protein Q9Y625 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31756413 t miannu "Based on results from in vitro experiments, we had previously proposed that GPC6 stimulates Hh signaling by interacting with Hh and Patched1 (Ptc1), and facilitating/stabilizing their interaction." SIGNOR-264031 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12361602 t apalma "Notch is cleaved and translocates to the nucleus, where it activates a family of transcription factors, exemplified by Suppressor of Hairless and CBF/RJBk" SIGNOR-255379 TRIM21 protein P19474 UNIPROT TRIM5 protein Q9C035 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 18312418 t miannu "Here, we show that TRIM5alpha functions as a RING-finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase both in vitro and in vivo and ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. Thus, the ubiquitination of TRIM5alpha is catalyzed by itself and Ro52. Unexpectedly, although TRIM5alpha is ubiquitinated, our results have revealed that the proteasome inhibitors MG115 and MG132 do not stabilize it in HeLa cells, suggesting that the ubiquitination of TRIM5alpha does not lead to proteasomal degradation. Importantly, TRIM5alpha is clearly conjugated by a single ubiquitin molecule (monoubiquitination). Our monoubiquitin-fusion assay suggests that monoubiquitination is a signal for TRIM5alpha to translocate from cytoplasmic bodies to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-271672 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr256 EHNSTTStFCGTPEY 9606 BTO:0000007 10191262 t lperfetto "This is followed by the ptdins(3,4,5)p3-independent phosphorylation at thr256 that activates sgk, and is catalysed by pdk1" SIGNOR-236796 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser197 APRRRAAsMDSSSKL 10090 BTO:0004245 10217147 t "Here we show that protein kinase B phosphorylates AFX, a human orthologue of daf -16 (refs 5, 6, 9), both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-252568 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21034966 f lperfetto "the ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 pathways, which are activated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and single-stranded DNA respectively." SIGNOR-242612 TRIM33 protein Q9UPN9 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000574;BTO:0002625;BTO:0000414 16751102 t lperfetto "The ubiquitious nuclear protein transcriptional intermediary factor 1gamma (tif1gamma) selectively binds receptor-phosphorylated smad2/3 in competition with smad4. Rapid and robust binding of tif1gamma to smad2/3 occurs in hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and epithelial cell types in response to tgfbeta. Tif1gamma mediates the differentiation response while smad4 mediates the antiproliferative response with smad2/3 participating in both responses." SIGNOR-236064 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR TTI1 protein O43156 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23263282 t miannu "Here we report that Tel2 and Tti1 are targeted for degradation within mTORC1 by the SCFFbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mTOR signalling to growth factor availability. The interaction between Tel2/Tti1 and Fbxo9 identified by mass spectrometry suggests that SCFFbxo9 is probably the ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of both proteins." SIGNOR-271999 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1525 PIKYLEEsDEDDLF 9606 19098900 t gcesareni "Here we report that when phosphorylated, ser 1524 of topo iialpha acts as a binding site for the brct domain of mdc1 (mediator of dna damage checkpoint protein-1), thereby recruiting mdc1 to chromatin" SIGNOR-182840 LAMTOR3 protein Q9UHA4 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15547943 t gcesareni "We analyzed the ability of mp1 to bind to mek1, erk1, and to itself, and the regulation of these interactions. Gel filtration of cell lysates revealed two major mp1 peaks: a broad high molecular weight peak and a 28 kda complex. An mp1 mutant that lost mek1 binding no longer enhanced rasv12-stimulated erk1 activity, and functioned as a dominant negative, consistent with the concept that mp1 function depends on facilitating these oligomerizations." SIGNOR-130924 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser396 DDKKAKTsTRSSAKT 9606 BTO:0000590 20679343 t lperfetto "Alzheimer disease neurons are characterized by extraneuronal plaques formed by aggregated amyloid-? Peptide and by intraneuronal tangles composed of fibrillar aggregates of the microtubule-associated tau protein. Tau is mostly found in a hyperphosphorylated form in these tangleswe find that three residues can be phosphorylated (ser-396, ser-400, and ser-404) by gsk3?" SIGNOR-167286 TELO2 protein Q9Y4R8 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20427287 t miannu "MTOR exists in two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that differ in their subunit composition. In this study, we identified KIAA0406 as a novel mTOR-interacting protein. Because it has sequence homology with Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tti1, we named it mammalian Tti1. Tti1 constitutively interacts with mTOR in both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Knockdown of Tti1 suppresses phosphorylation of both mTORC1 substrates (S6K1 and 4E-BP1) and an mTORC2 substrate (Akt) and also induces autophagy. Furthermore, using immunoprecipitation and size-exclusion chromatography analyses, we found that knockdown of either Tti1 or Tel2 causes disassembly of mTORC1 and mTORC2." SIGNOR-272001 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270432 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-199183 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12876277 t lperfetto "We find that adhesion to fibronectin induces pak1-dependent phosphorylation of mek1 on s298 and that this phosphorylation is necessary for efficient activation of mek1 and subsequent mapk activation." SIGNOR-244924 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28138032 f miannu "Mechanistically, Ras-MEK signaling drives Chk1 expression and promotes cancer cell growth that produces genotoxic stress that requires Chk1 to mediate a response to the consequent DNA damage. Reciprocally, Chk1 engages a negative feedback loop to prevent hyperactivation of Ras-MEK signaling, thereby limiting DNA damage. Ras–MEK signaling transcriptionally activates Chk1, which appears to sustain cancer cell growth by maintaining DNA damage levels below a threshold that would otherwise drive apoptosis." SIGNOR-263069 FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-236557 PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser985 SNVSPAIsIHEIGAV -1 10487978 t miannu "Phk is activated in vitro by autophosphorylation. Ser1018 and at least three of the other six serine residues (Ser972, -985, and -1007) can be phosphorylated in vitro by Phk itself (autophosphorylation)" SIGNOR-250282 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser231 FGDDEDDsGTEES 9606 BTO:0000567 11546811 t llicata "CDC34 is specifically phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant CK2 and HeLa nuclear extract at five sites within the carboxyl-terminal 36 amino acids of CDC34. | Mutation of CDC34 at CK2-targeted residues, Ser-203, Ser-222, Ser-231, Thr-233, and Ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of CDC34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized CDC34 to the cytoplasm. " SIGNOR-251059 TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT PMAIP1 protein Q13794 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17700533 f miannu "Dissociation of p73 and HDM2 leads to increased p73 transcriptional activity with upregulation of p73 target genes noxa, puma and p21, as well as enhanced apoptosis." SIGNOR-255469 STK17A protein Q9UEE5 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 BTO:0000776 17339337 t gcesareni "Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that ser20 phosphorylation in the transactivation domain of p53 mediates p300-catalyzed dna-dependent p53 acetylation and b-cell tumor suppression. a cell-free ser20 phosphorylation site assay was used to identify a broad range of calcium calmodulin kinase superfamily members, including chk2, chk1, dapk-1, dapk-3, drak-1, and ampk, as ser20 kinases." SIGNOR-153532 ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257239 NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003324 27402866 t "Hippo pathway" Gianni "NF2 is activated by oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and mouse myocardium and facilitates apoptosis. NF2 promotes I/R injury through activation of Mst1 and inhibition of Yap, thereby regulating Hippo signaling in the adult heart." SIGNOR-261956 "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-268083 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 17591695 t gcesareni "Arkadia interacts with snon and induces its ubiquitination irrespective of tgf-beta/activin signaling, but snon is efficiently degraded only when it forms a complex with both arkadia and phosphorylated smad2 or smad3" SIGNOR-156430 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser256 SPRRRAAsMDNNSKF -1 BTO:0000318 10377430 t lperfetto "Here we show that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase by extracellular growth factors induces phosphorylation, nuclear export, and transcriptional inactivation of FKHR1, a member of the FKHR subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a key mediator of PI3 kinase signal transduction, phosphorylated recombinant FKHR1 in vitro at threonine-24 and serine-253. Mutants FKHR1(T24A), FKHR1(S253A), and FKHR1(T24A/S253A) were resistant to both PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation and PI3 kinase-stimulated nuclear export." SIGNOR-236159 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr228 HEGAVTHtFCGTIEY 9606 15209375 t gcesareni "A regulatory link between p70s6k and pkb was demonstrated, as pdk1 was found to selectively phosphorylate p70s6k at thr229. More importantly, pdk1 activated p70s6k in vitro and in vivo, whereas the catalytically inactive pdk1 blocked insulin-induced activation of p70s6k. one of the most studied signalling events controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of a group of agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-126076 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT IFIH1 protein Q9BYX4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser88 EALRRTGsPLAARYM 9606 BTO:0000007 25865883 t lperfetto "A recent study has revealed that PP1alpha and PP1gamma phosphatases are responsible for dephosphorylating MDA5 and are essential for its activation. |PP1gamma mediates dephosphorylation of MDA5 not only at Ser-88 but also at other Ser/Thr residues." SIGNOR-264578 ABT-737 chemical CID:11228183 PUBCHEM BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189159 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264295 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT EIF6 protein P56537 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser235 QPSTIATsMRDSLID 9606 14654845 t llicata "Pkc stimulation led to eif6 phosphorylation, and mutation of a serine residue in the carboxy terminus of eif6 impaired rack1/pkc-mediated translational rescue." SIGNOR-119600 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT DPYSL2 protein Q16555 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr555 DNIPRRTtQRIVAPP 9606 BTO:0000938 10818093 t lperfetto "Rho-kinase phosphorylated crmp-2 at thr-555 in vitro.we demonstrated that crmp-2 is phosphorylated by rho-kinase in drg neurons during lpa-induced growth cone collapse." SIGNOR-77543 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001332 19903340 f lperfetto "PTEN-mediated suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway is well established, accumulating evidence suggests that nuclear PTEN also plays a critical role in tumor suppression" SIGNOR-189105 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT Laminin-5 complex SIGNOR-C184 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9211848 t lperfetto "Induction of Cell Migration by Matrix Metalloprotease-2 Cleavage of Laminin-5|MMP2 cleaved the Ln-5 gamma2 subunit at residue 587, exposing a putative cryptic promigratory site on Ln-5 that triggers cell motility. This altered form of Ln-5 is found in tumors and in tissues undergoing remodeling, but not in quiescent tissues. Cleavage of Ln-5 by MMP2 and the resulting activation of the Ln-5 cryptic site may provide new targets for modulation of tumor cell invasion and tissue remodeling." SIGNOR-253239 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD1/5/8 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF35 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9335504 t "inferred from 70% of family members" llicata "The c terminus of smad1, which is phosphorylated directly by the bmp type i receptor at the ssvs sequence in contrast to the bmp-stimulated phosphorylation of smad1, which affects carboxy-terminal serines and induces nuclear accumulation of smad1, erk-mediated phosphorylation specifically inhibits the nuclear accumulation of smad1." SIGNOR-269846 SGCD protein Q92629 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255988 NDUFA12 protein Q9UI09 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262152 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t gcesareni "The syk-family kinases (syk and zap-70) were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site on shc1 (iso2)." SIGNOR-59659 CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15277472 f miannu "KLF15 repressed transactivation of rhodopsin and IRBP promoters alone and in combination with the transcriptional activators Crx and/or Nrl." SIGNOR-253820 CDH11 protein P55287 UNIPROT CTNNA1 protein P35221 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 BTO:0000150 10029089 t miannu "Cadherin-11 is localized to a detergent-soluble pool and is associated with both alpha- and beta-catenin" SIGNOR-64859 ABT-737 chemical CID:11228183 PUBCHEM BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q07817-1" gcesareni SIGNOR-189171 ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257720 MLLT10 protein P55197 UNIPROT SS18/MLLT10 complex SIGNOR-C75 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11423977 t miannu "Based on these results, a model is proposed in which the syt and af10 proteins act in concert as bipartite transcription factors" SIGNOR-108924 GTP smallmolecule CHEBI:15996 ChEBI GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 17095603 t gcesareni "Galfa subunits cycle between inactive (gdp-bound) and active (gtp-bound) states, and the lifetime of the active state is limited by gtp hydrolysis." SIGNOR-253071 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr90 SETTVELySLAERCR 9606 10652356 t llicata "Tyrosine 90 (tyr-90) in the regulatory domain of pkctheta was identified as the major phosphorylation site by lck." SIGNOR-74574 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10029 BTO:0005787 20887952 t "The chromatin redistribution of PRC2 in differentiating SCs is regulated by the p38a kinase, which promotes the formation of a complex containing p38a, EZH2, and YY1, via direct phosphorylation of EZH2." SIGNOR-253599 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-200809 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser664 QLPYYYLsPDRIPNS 9606 BTO:0000567 12670876 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, a significant difference in the potency of nonredox-type inhibitors (but not of BWA4C) was determined between wild-type 5-LO and the mutant S271A/S663A-5-LO (lacking phosphorylation sites for ERK1/2 and MAPKAPK-2) in HeLa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that compared with Ca2+-mediated 5-LO product formation, enzyme activation involving 5-LO phosphorylation events specifically and strongly alters the susceptibility of 5-LO toward nonredox-type inhibitors in intact cells." SIGNOR-264409 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser622 KHVPGGGsVQIVYKP -1 8999860 t miannu "Muscle phosphorylase kinase phosphorylates Ser237, Ser262, Ser285, Ser305, and Ser352 of human tau. in vitro phosphorylation of tau on Ser262 alone strongly reduced the ability of tau to bind microtubules whereas the phosphorylation of many Ser/Thr-Pro motif sites of tau showed moderate effects on the binding of tau to microtubules" SIGNOR-250286 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253161 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20069563 t "TH1 also associates with AR at the active androgen-responsive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter in the nucleus of LNCaP cells. Decrease of endogenous AR protein by TH1 interferes with androgen-induced luciferase reporter expression and reduces endogenous PSA expression." SIGNOR-253657 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1059 DIYKDPDyVRKGDAR 9606 18377662 t "Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) dephosphorylates VEGF Receptor-2 and attenuates endothelial DNA synthesis, but not migration|Knockdown of SHP-1 by siRNA or inhibition of c-Src by an inhibitor, results in augmented DNA synthesis perhaps due to increased phosphorylation of at least three tyrosine residues of KDR 996, 1059 and 1175" SIGNOR-248474 PDK3 protein Q15120 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS -1 11486000 t lperfetto "Activity of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (e1) component. Phosphorylation is carried out by four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (pdk) isoenzymes." SIGNOR-109647 SUMO1 protein P63165 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation Lys65 QQCQAEAkCPKLLPC 9534 9756909 t lperfetto "We have shown previously that wild type PML, but not PML-RARalpha, is covalently modified by the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins|We show that Lys65 in the RING finger domain, Lys160 in the B1 Box, and Lys490 in the nuclear localization signal contributes three major sentrinization sites| Furthermore, the triple substitution mutant is localized predominantly to the nucleoplasm, in contrast to wild type PML, which is localized to the nuclear bodies. Thus, sentrinization of PML, in the context of the RING finger and the B1 box, regulates nuclear body formation." SIGNOR-261788 AMER1 protein Q5JTC6 UNIPROT CSNK1G1 protein Q9HCP0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21304492 t gcesareni "Amer1 binds ck1gamma, recruits axin and gsk3beta to the plasma membrane and promotes complex formation between axin and lrp6." SIGNOR-171889 ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253194 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser782 PLEQYSPsYPDTRSS 9606 BTO:0000938 23564461 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serine 779 in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 2 by protein kinase c(epsilon) regulates ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and neuronal differentiation" SIGNOR-201675 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr9 EGISNFKtPSKLSEK 15541388 t llicata "During mitosis, TOPK-Thr-9 was phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin B and TOPK significantly associates with mitotic spindles. When TOPK expression was suppressed, formation of spindle midzone was thinned and dimmed and cytokinesis was disturbed." SIGNOR-250720 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser163 KSQKLLRsPRKPTRK 12560341 t llicata " A nuclear localization signal conserved in various species was identified in CDH1, and it sufficiently targets green fluorescent protein to the nucleus. Interestingly, a CDH1-4D mutant mimicking the hyperphosphorylated form was constitutively found in the cytoplasm. In further support of the notion that phosphorylation inhibits nuclear import, the nuclear localization signal of CDH1 with two phospho-accepting serine/threonine residues changed into aspartates was unable to drive heterologous protein into the nucleus. " SIGNOR-250733 BMS-754807 chemical CHEBI:88339 ChEBI INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001802 19996272 t lperfetto "BMS-754807, a small molecule inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1R/IR" SIGNOR-262026 ADK protein P55263 UNIPROT ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33961946 t miannu "Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5√¢‚Ǩ¬≤-adenosine monophosphate. The enzyme exists in two isoforms: a long isoform (ADK-long, ADK-L) and a short isoform (ADK-short, ADK-S)." SIGNOR-267839 NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 15115814 t lperfetto "We found that NP1 colocalizes and physically associates with the fast excitatory GluR1 AMPA receptors and that hypoxia induces a time-dependent increase in the NP1-GluR1 interactions. Thus hypoxia recruits NP1 protein to GluR1 subunits concurrent with the hypoxic excitotoxic cascade.|Rather we propose that through interactions with GluR1 clusters, NP1 modulates the function of AMPA receptors in a manner whereby increased NP1-GluR1 interactions sensitize neurons to hypoxia-induced excitotoxic death." SIGNOR-261430 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22012619 t miannu "We identified a 70-kda cyclin k (cyck) that binds cdk12 and cdk13 to form two different complexes (cyck/cdk12 or cyck/cdk13) in human cells" SIGNOR-176789 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000975 10194762 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Serine 780 is the only substrate in full-length stat5a for active erk" SIGNOR-270004 BCL11A protein Q9H165 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004408 29606353 t Gianni "Our findings reveal that direct γ-globin gene promoter repression by BCL11A underlies hemoglobin switching." SIGNOR-269066 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser289 RSHSESAsPSALSSS 10090 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-249440 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBG1 protein P23258 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-117203 ARPC1A protein Q92747 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12479800 t "The subunits in mammalian cells are named Arp3, Arp2, p41-Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc and p16-Arc" SIGNOR-251515 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser686 LEELHEKsQEVIWGL -1 12852856 t lperfetto "Here, we identify a centrosomal plk1 substrate, termed nlp (ninein-like protein), whose properties suggest an important role in microtubule organization. Nlp interacts with two components of the gamma-tubulin ring complex and stimulates microtubule nucleation. Plk1 phosphorylates nlp and disrupts both its centrosome association and its gamma-tubulin interaction" SIGNOR-103348 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT CNN1 protein P51911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 21673106 f gcesareni "In particular, high expression of vsmc-specific genes, such as smooth muscle -actin (sma), calponin1 (cnn), and sm22 (sm22) are associated with the contractile vsmc phenotype. Transcription of contractile genes is regulated by srf through a dna sequence motif known as the carg box (cc(a/t)6gg), which is present in the promoters of vsmc-specific genes." SIGNOR-174358 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253165 MCF2 protein P10911 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260558 "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57970 ChEBI "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21173190 t lperfetto "The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA).¬†" SIGNOR-267013 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001938 10913154 t lperfetto "Cyclin B-Cdc2 complexes are maintained in an inactive state until the end of G2 by phosphorylation of the Thr14/Tyr15 residues. Around the time of nuclear translocation of the complex, these residues are dephosphorylated, resulting in the formation of an active cyclin B-Cdc2 complex (2). As mentioned, this dephosphorylation occurs by a Cdc25 protein phosphatase. Three Cdc25 family members have been identified to date, A, B and C, the last one being the active one at the onset of mitosis. The activity of Cdc25C itself can be enhanced through phosphorylation by cyclin B-Cdc2 (9, 10). Therefore, activation of cyclin B-Cdc2 has been proposed to result in an autocatalytic feedback loop to ensure rapid activation of these complexes at the G2/M transition" SIGNOR-251510 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT BEST1 protein O76090 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 SAQFRRAsFMGSTFN 9606 19635817 t Manara "We have identified a PKC phosphorylation site (S358) located in the C terminal region of hBest1 critical for channel rundown. Phosphorylation of this site by PKC activators and PP2A inhibitors reduces channel rundown." SIGNOR-260880 HTR2C protein P28335 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257013 SEC63 protein Q9UGP8 UNIPROT SEC62 protein Q99442 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 23287549 t lperfetto "Sec63 was identified as a novel substrate and binding partner of protein kinase CK2. We identified serine 574, serine 576 and serine 748 as CK2 phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of Sec63 by CK2 enhanced its binding to Sec62." SIGNOR-265273 (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "On the other hand, galfas-coupled signals, such as epinephrine and glucagon, induce kinase activity of lats1/2, leading to phosphorylation and yap/taz." SIGNOR-199196 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser535 ESEQSMDsEEPDSRG -1 12133000 t "The largest (epsilon) subunit of eIF2B is a substrate for glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 in vitro, and phosphorylation by GSK3 inhibits the activity of eIF2B. The site of phosphorylation has previously been identified as Ser(535)." SIGNOR-251236 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT STMN3 protein Q9NZ72 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser73 PESPMLSsPPKKKDT -1 22577147 t lperfetto "Altogether, these results indicate that CDK5 phosphorylates similarly serines 68 and 73, whereas ERK2 targets mostly serine 68 and GSK-3beta mostly serine 60.|This observation may support the hypothesis of a specific localization of stathmin 3 depending on its phosphorylation by GSK-3beta" SIGNOR-264894 NVP-AEW541 chemical CID:11476171 PUBCHEM INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194895 SNRPF protein P62306 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270658 iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:15768 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16098474 t scontino "TPO plays a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis by catalyzing both the iodination of tyrosine residues to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT) residues. The first step in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis is the binding of iodine to tyrosine residues in Tg, which yields MIT and DIT residues." SIGNOR-266958 VAMP3 protein Q15836 UNIPROT "LE-TGN SNARE" complex SIGNOR-C157 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18195106 t lperfetto "We show in human cells that a soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex comprised of syntaxin 10 (STX10), STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3 is required for this MPR transport" SIGNOR-253082 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000007 10837486 t lperfetto "Rsk1, and survival factor signaling stimulate phosphorylation of bad at ser-155, blocking the binding of bad to bcl-xl." SIGNOR-78020 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT MYL12B protein O14950 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 11278951 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase cdna was cloned, sequenced, expressed in e. coli, and shown to phosphorylate myosin light chain in the absence of ca(2+) at ser(19) and thr(18). Smooth muscle contraction follows an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, activation of myosin light chain kinase, and phosphorylation of the 20-kDa light chain of myosin at Ser(19).Smooth muscle contraction follows an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, activa" SIGNOR-106427 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1166 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 7493944 t lperfetto "Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (igf-i) receptors are heterotetrameric proteins consisting of two alpha-and two beta-subunits and members of the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors. Specific ligand binding to the receptor triggers a cascade of intracellular events, which begins with autophosphorylation of several tyrosine residues of the beta-subunit of the receptor." SIGNOR-26590 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR IL16 protein Q14005 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 14768064 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The precursor form of the cytokine il-16 (proil-16) was shown to be phosphorylated on ser144 in antigen receptor-, sdf1alpha- and il-2-activated t cells. Genetic and pharmacological-inhibitor experiments showed that the phosphorylation of proil-16 is dependent on activation of the kinases erk1/2. Il-16 is secreted by mitogen-activated t cells, and the biochemical link between proil-16 and erk1/2, revealed by studies with pap-1, prompted analysis of the role of map kinases in this response." SIGNOR-270056 GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 21938722 f miannu "Growth associated protein 43 (Gap43) is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein, which plays critical role in axon growth and synapses functions during neurogenesis. " SIGNOR-266769 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF4 protein Q15080 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr154 LRRLRPRtRKVKSVS 9606 BTO:0000738 9804763 t lperfetto "P40(phox) is phosphorylated on threonine 154 and serine 315 during activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Implication of a protein kinase c-type kinase in the phosphorylation process." SIGNOR-249012 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr205 IMLNSKGyTKSIDIW 9606 BTO:0000007 19494114 t lperfetto "In this study we show that one of these potential targets, the erk1/2, is indeed a direct dep-1 substrate in vivo." SIGNOR-101276 VEZF1 protein Q14119 UNIPROT CITED2 protein Q99967 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 29794136 t miannu "The transcription factor Vezf1 represses the expression of the antiangiogenic factor Cited2 in endothelial cells" SIGNOR-266883 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu54 YNSGKLEeFVQGNLE 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263687 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT CLTB protein P09497 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 DFGFFSSsESGAPEA -1 3128543 t llicata "To date, the only evidence for a functional distinction of LCa and LCb is the preferential phosphorylation of LCb, which takes place at serine residues and is mediated by coated vesicle-associated casein kinase II. As a first step toward determining the function of light chain diversity, we have mapped the in vitro phosphorylation sites on LCb. We use [32P]ATP to phosphorylate LCb within coated vesicles, followed by sequencing of 32P-labeled chymotryptic peptides thereof, to identify serine residues at positions 11 and 13 as the phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-250983 ZDHHC9 protein Q9Y397 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16000296 t miannu "Covalent lipid modifications mediate the membrane attachment and biological activity of Ras proteins. All Ras isoforms are farnesylated and carboxyl-methylated at the terminal cysteine; H-Ras and N-Ras are further modified by palmitoylation. Here we report that H- and N-Ras are palmitoylated by a human protein palmitoyltransferase encoded by the ZDHHC9 and GCP16 genes. DHHC9 is an integral membrane protein that contains a DHHC cysteine-rich domain. GCP16 encodes a Golgi-localized membrane protein." SIGNOR-261352 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11018021 t "Catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in MAP kinases." lperfetto "The best characterized Raf substrates are MEK1 and MEK2. The activation of MEK1/2 by Raf is required to mediate many of the cellular responses to Raf activation, suggesting that MEK1/2 are the dominant Raf effector proteins." SIGNOR-244952 NFX1 protein Q12986 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17267499 t miannu "NFX1-123 positively regulated hTERT expression, as its knockdown decreased hTERT mRNA levels and telomerase activity and its overexpression increased telomerase activity. NFX1-123 was found to interact with cytoplasmic poly(A) binding proteins (PABPCs), and together they synergistically augmented expression from the hTERT promoter when activated by HPV16 E6." SIGNOR-261050 SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265600 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259020 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT TRPC3 protein Q13507 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser251 KNDYRKLsMQCKDFV 9606 16331690 t gcesareni "There are two known phosphorylation-mediated inactivation mechanisms for trpc3 channels. Protein kinase g (pkg) inactivates trpc3 by direct phosphorylation on thr-11 and ser-263 of the trpc3 proteins, and protein kinase c (pkc) inactivates trpc3 by phosphorylation on ser-712." SIGNOR-142953 "RAD21L Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C355 SIGNOR Meiotic_recombination phenotype SIGNOR-PH162 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000534 21242291 f miannu "RAD21L associates with SMC3, STAG3, and either SMC1α or SMC1β. Our results suggest that cohesin complexes containing RAD21L may be involved in synapsis initiation and crossover recombination between homologous chromosomes. In mice, RAD21L is expressed exclusively in early meiosis: it apparently replaces RAD21 in premeiotic S phase, becomes detectable on the axial elements in leptotene, and stays on the axial/lateral elements until mid pachytene. RAD21L then disappears, and is replaced with RAD21." SIGNOR-264539 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one smallmolecule CHEBI:16330 ChEBI COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17612537 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Catechol O-methyltransferase expression in granulosa cells was up-regulated by insulin, DHT, and ATRA." SIGNOR-251962 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265845 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001106 21536859 f miannu "We further demonstrate that ERG expression in primary human T-ALL cells is mediated by the binding of other T-cell oncogenes SCL/TAL1, LMO2, and LYL1 in concert with ERG, FLI1, and GATA3 to the ERG +85 enhancer." SIGNOR-253921 BARD1 protein Q99728 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20029420 t gcesareni "Brac1 dimerizes with brca1?associated Ring domain protein 1 (bard1) to yield a functional e3 ligase." SIGNOR-162499 ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 25815583 t "The TTP binding site in the 3′ UTR of MyoD would permit TTP-mediated mRNA decay" SIGNOR-253597 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT GDAP1 protein Q8TB36 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19720140 f miannu "Overexpression of YY1 activated the GDAP1 promoter in a reporter gene system as well as increased the level of endogenous mRNA." SIGNOR-255618 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr153 SEDIKSYyTVRQLEL -1 11506178 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 66, 152 and/or 153 of PTP1B are phosphorylated by the activated insulin receptor and are also necessary for formation of the PTP1B:insulin receptor complex| Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of PTP1B by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase increases the catalytic activity of PTP1B" SIGNOR-249369 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 24622840 t miannu "STING recruits TBK1 and IKKε and forms the TBK1-IKKε complex via the association with TRAF3. The TBK1 complex induces the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3." SIGNOR-260154 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 19917253 t gcesareni "Through its ww domain, nedd4l specifically recognizes a tgf-beta-induced phosphothr-protyr motif in the linker region, resulting in smad2/3 polyubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-161710 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 11467950 f miannu "we have focused on element F of the NMHC-A gene. We have identified and characterized the factors which are capable of binding to element F. The basic helix_loop_helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) proteins, TFEC-l and -s, which are alternatively spliced isoforms, TFE3, USF1, and USF2 have all been found to bind to element F with different binding activities and with different transcriptional activation potencies." SIGNOR-222554 TAF12 protein Q16514 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269580 LETM1 protein O95202 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 18628306 f lperfetto "LETM1 knockdown obviously reduced the formation of the supercomplexes (Fig. 5C, arrowhead). Complexes I and IV failed to form, and the assembly of complex III was significantly decreased. By contrast, the assembly of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) and complex V (ATP synthase) – which are not proton pumps – was unaffected." SIGNOR-262547 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF34 protein Q969K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271046 GPCR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF33 SIGNOR GNB/GNG complex SIGNOR-C202 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23994464 t miannu "Instead, our current understanding is that the majority of GPCR signal transduction in neutrophils occurs through the G gamma/beta subunit. G-protein-coupled receptors in neutrophils primarily signal through the Gβγ heterodimer, activating two parallel pathways through PLCβ2/3 and PI3Kγ." SIGNOR-255007 BLVRA protein P53004 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr500 WDGVTTKtFCGTPDY 9606 17227757 t llicata "Human biliverdin reductase, a previously unknown activator of protein kinase c ?II the phosphorylation of thr500 was confirmed by immunoblotting of hbvr.pkc betaii immunocomplex." SIGNOR-152181 LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257258 MT-ND6 protein P03923 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262149 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18025157 f "We show that the ID1 and ID2 promoters are activated by PML-RARalpha but, unexpectedly, not by wild-type RARalpha/RXR. Our data support a model in which the PML-RARalpha fusion protein regulates a novel class of target genes by interaction with the Sp1 and NF-Y transcription factors, without directly binding to the DNA, defining a gain-of-function for the oncoprotein." SIGNOR-255748 RNF208 protein Q9H0X6 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys97 DAINTEFkNTRTNEK 9606 BTO:0000815 31862882 t Gianni "Here, we show that RING finger protein 208 (RNF208) decreases the stability of soluble Vimentin protein through a polyubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway, thereby suppressing metastasis of TNBC cells" SIGNOR-269051 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249642 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NPHP1 protein O15259 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser121 PTEEEEEsESEDSED 9606 16308564 t lperfetto "Casein kinase 2 (ck2)-mediated phosphorylation of three critical serine residues within a cluster of acidic amino acids in nephrocystin mediates pacs-1 binding, and is essential for colocalization of nephrocystin with pacs-1 at the base of cilia. Inhibition of ck2 activity abrogates this interaction and results in the loss of correct nephrocystin targeting." SIGNOR-142343 PCDHA6 protein Q9UN73 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265666 KLKB1 protein P03952 UNIPROT MST1 protein P26927 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg483 DQRRSKLrVVGGHPG -1 10068459 t miannu "Proteolytic cleavage of pro-MSP at a single site yields active MSP, a disulfide-linked alphabeta-chain heterodimer. human kallikrein cleaved only at Arg483–Val484, the cleavage site for formation of a- and b-chains." SIGNOR-256511 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 15611135 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that ptpl1, like ptp1b, interacts with and dephosphorylates a bis-phosphorylated insulin receptor peptide more efficiently than monophosphorylated peptides, indicating that ptpl1 may down-regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, by dephosphorylating insulin or growth factor receptors that contain tandem phosphotyrosines." SIGNOR-132559 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FOXK2 protein Q01167 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 FAQSAPGsPLSSQPV 9606 20810654 t gcesareni "We have mapped two cdk phosphorylation sites, serines 368 and 423, which play a role in defining foxk2 function through regulating its stability and its activity as a transcriptional repressor protein. These two cdk sites appear vital for foxk2 function because expression of a mutant lacking these sites cannot be tolerated and causes apoptosis." SIGNOR-167826 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24212651 f miannu "P53 is a nuclear transcription factor with a pro-apoptotic function" SIGNOR-255678 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser43 RNPEAALsPTFRSDS 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265949 TNPO1 protein Q92973 UNIPROT NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 29970603 t lperfetto "TNPO1 only mediates the nuclear import of a subset of proteins.|Among TNPO1 cargos, the most extensively characterized is the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein 1 (hnRNPA1) (27), which functions in several processes including mRNA biogenesis and promotion of transcription factor activity (28–30). NPC protein NUP153 is also a target for TNPO1-mediated nuclear import" SIGNOR-262100 5-[(Z)-(5-Fluoro-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-2,4-dimethyl-3H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide chemical CID:73755145 PUBCHEM FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258287 DYNLL1 protein P63167 UNIPROT AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20921139 t gcesareni "The beclin 1vps34 complex is tethered to the cytoskeleton through an interaction between the beclin 1interacting protein ambra1 and dynein light chains 1/2." SIGNOR-168255 C2 protein P06681 UNIPROT "C3 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C310 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 cleavage:Arg243 KTKESLGrKIQIQRS 17204478 t "complement C2a fragment: PRO_0000027612" lperfetto "However, following cleavage of C4, C2 binds tightly to C4b to form the C4b2 complex" SIGNOR-263399 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 10949026 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-81157 HOTAIR ncrna URS000075C808_9606 RNAcentral MEX3B protein Q6ZN04 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24326307 t miannu "HOTAIR associates with E3 ubiquitin ligases bearing RNA-binding domains, Dzip3 and Mex3b, as well as with their respective ubiquitination substrates, Ataxin-1 and Snurportin-1. In this manner, HOTAIR facilitates the ubiquitination of Ataxin-1 by Dzip3 and Snurportin-1 by Mex3b in cells and in vitro, and accelerates their degradation." SIGNOR-272092 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HSPB8 protein Q9UJY1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser27 PFRDSPLsSRLLDDG 9606 BTO:0000887 11342557 t lperfetto "Hsp22 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (at residues ser(14) and thr(63)) and by p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (at residues ser(27) and thr(87)). Concerning the possible function of hsp22, no definitive conclusions can be drawn with the available data, although its function might be to bind to and modulate the activity of hsp27.Some Studies claimed that phosphorylation is required for the translocation" SIGNOR-107676 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9223667 t lperfetto "Furthermore, in transient cotransfection assays, overexpression of Sp1 and/or Sp3 stimulated HGF promoter activity independently and additively through binding to the Sp1 binding site in the HGF gene promoter region." SIGNOR-251741 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr235 SSSSPPGtPSPADAK 9606 SIGNOR-C83 17601773 t fspada "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that cdk2/cyclina phosphorylates c/ebpbeta on thr(188) and is required for phosphorylation (on ser(184) or thr(179)) of c/ebpbeta by gsk3beta and maintenance of dna binding activity." SIGNOR-156509 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 1286168 f lperfetto "Bcl-2 functions to inhibit apoptosis in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments, suggesting interference with a central mechanism of apoptosis" SIGNOR-249611 IGF2 protein P01344 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11867533 t fspada "Insulin-like growth factor ii receptor (igf2r) is a multifunctional cell surface receptor implicated in tumour suppression. Its growth inhibitory activity has been associated with an ability to bind igf-ii." SIGNOR-115250 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser395 SQESEDYsQPSTSSS -1 12383858 t gcesareni "Dephosphorylation stabilizes mdm2 and increases its affinity for p53, inducing p53 degredation. ;phosphorylated s260 and s395 ands260d and s395d mutant peptides inhibited binding of binding of a specific monoclonal antibody raised to mdm2. Phosphorylation of mdm2 regulates p53 degradation." SIGNOR-94268 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr138 SPTLVIAyLMMRQKM 9606 17785772 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of vhr at tyr(138) was required for its phosphatase activity toward stat5. In addition, the src homology 2 domain of stat5 was required for the effective dephosphorylation of stat5 by vhr. The tyrosine kinase tyk2, which mediates the phosphorylation of stat5, was also responsible for the phosphorylation of vhr at tyr(138)." SIGNOR-157655 DNMBP protein Q6XZF7 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260547 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser9 EEPQSDPsVEPPLSQ 9606 11875057 t gcesareni "In response to ionizing radiation (ir), atm, the gene product mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, stabilizes and activates p53 through phosphorylation of ser15 and (indirectly) ser20. Here we show that phosphorylation of p53 on ser46, a residue important for p53 apoptotic activity, as well as on ser9, in response to ir also is dependent on the atm protein kinase. one pathway involves the phosphorylation of p53 and its negative regulator mdm2 by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) and chk2 causing p53 activation and stabilization." SIGNOR-115348 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1943 RKGAGDGsDEEVDGK 9606 18971378 t gcesareni "In egf-stimulated cells, the myosin-iia heavy chain is phosphorylated on the casein kinase 2 site (s1943)" SIGNOR-181811 DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1221 SPAFDNLyYWDQDPP 9606 BTO:0002552 21262974 t "Expression of VHR inhibited the activation of phospholipase Cγ and protein kinase C, both downstream effectors of Tyr-992 phosphorylation of EGFR. | We found that VHR decreased ErbB2 phosphorylation in vitro and in a cellular context, and the dephosphorylation of ErbB2 was more evident at Tyr-877 and Tyr-1221 than those at Tyr-1139 and Tyr-1248 (supplemental Fig. S1). Our data indicated that VHR was a cellular PTP against EGFR and ErbB2." SIGNOR-248534 CPT1A protein P50416 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57379 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267126 ZNF76 protein P36508 UNIPROT TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15280358 t miannu "We identified ZNF76 as a novel transcriptional repressor that targets TBP. ZNF76 interacts with TBP through both its N and C termini. ZNF76 targets TBP for transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-224650 "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30205058 t miannu "The exocyst is a multisubunit protein complex that was first identified and characterized in budding yeast. This complex mediates the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to fusion mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). Sec3 interacts with PI(4,5)P2 (red dots) in the plasma membrane. Its interaction with the t-SNARE protein Sso promotes the assembly of the Sso–Sec9 binary t-SNARE complex." SIGNOR-270792 RBBP7 protein Q16576 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 28143904 t lperfetto "AMPK inhibited DNMT1 through phosphorylation of Ser730 in DNMT1 and Ser314 in RBBP7|association with RBBP7 could inhibit DNMT1" SIGNOR-264785 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255511 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11486031 f gcesareni "Moreover, as determined by using coimmunoprecipitation assays, each maml protein was found to be capable of forming a multiprotein complex with the intracellular domain of each notch receptor (icn1 to -4) and csl in vivo" SIGNOR-254349 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001260 17079331 t lperfetto "The calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway has been found to play a role in regulating growth and differentiation in several cell types. However, the functional significance of NFAT in the vasculature is largely unclear. Here we show that NFATc1, NFATc3, and NFATc4 are expressed in human myometrial arteries. |Chronic inhibition of NFAT significantly reduced IL-6 production in intact myometrial arteries and inhibited cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from explants from the same arteries." SIGNOR-251731 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SPHK1 protein Q9NYA1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14532121 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Activation of sphingosine kinase 1 by erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-270063 WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 30566428 t lperfetto "In the WT brain, the WDR62 scaffold organizes a protein complex including MEKK3, MKK4/7, and JNK1 to control NPC development during corticogenesis" SIGNOR-271715 SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 10835423 t gcesareni "Among others, vitronectin (vn)1- (11, 13, 14) and osteopontin (opn)-coated (15-20) substrates have been shown to support cell adhesion via avb3." SIGNOR-77910 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10219243 t lperfetto "In the presence of Cdc42 and PI(4,5)P2, the potency of N-WASP was increased to a level approaching that of GST-VCA, suggesting that N-WASP was fully activated by the two molecules." SIGNOR-261868 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser637 VPVARKLsAREQRDC 9606 18838687 t "When mitochondrial depolarization is associated with sustained cytosolic Ca(2+) rise, it activates the cytosolic phosphatase calcineurin that normally interacts with Drp1. Calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of Drp1, and in particular of its conserved serine 637, regulates its translocation to mitochondria as substantiated by site directed mutagenesis." SIGNOR-252315 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser758 PVVFTVGsPPSGSTP 9606 BTO:0001938 21383122 t lperfetto "When cells are replenished with rich medium, mtor is activated;it phosphorylates serine 638 and serine 758. The phosphorylation of ulk1 at serine 758 then leads to reassociation between ulk1 and ampk." SIGNOR-172541 Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR XBP1 protein P17861-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30319453 t miannu "When the ER stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated, the X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA is spliced by inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) to produce the spliced form of XBP1 (sXBP1). In the present study, we found that sXBP1 mRNA in the cell may be incorporated into the exosomes and was released extracellularly. Spliced form of XBP1 mRNA was incorporated into the exosomes of HEK293T cells, which overexpress IRE1α. We found that one of the ER stress signal-induced transcripts, sXBP1, was incorporated into the exosomes. Our results suggest that exosomes may play a vital role in the extracellular release of ER stress signals." SIGNOR-260946 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16697957 t miannu "Whereas androgen receptor (AR) positively regulates NKX3.1 expression, NKX3.1 negatively modulates AR transcription and consequently the AR-associated signaling events." SIGNOR-251546 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser180 GGAKRVTsIADRLNV 9606 BTO:0006038 29074724 t lperfetto "We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation or hypoxia results in the AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) S180 and PRPS2 S183, leading to conversion of PRPS hexamers to monomers and thereby inhibiting PRPS1/2 activity, nucleotide synthesis, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production." SIGNOR-265730 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT down-regulates acetylation 9606 21321929 t lperfetto "We have previously demonstrated that in response to transforming growth factor _ (tgf_), fli-1 activity is repressed through a series of sequential posttranslational modifications, consisting of protein kinase c_ (pkc_)-induced thr312 phosphorylation, acetylation by p300/creb binding protein-associated factor, and detachment from the collagen promoter." SIGNOR-172109 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259055 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264928 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ARIH2 protein O95376 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271011 PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000093 22002306 f "Overexpressed hPTTG1 promotes breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis by regulating GEF-H1/RhoA signalling" SIGNOR-256535 LARP4B protein Q92615 UNIPROT Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20573744 f miannu "Our data suggest LARP4B to act as a general stimulatory factor of translation, associated in poly(A)-mRNA-bound mRNP complexes. Under physiological conditions, LARP4B co-sedimented with polysomes in cellular extracts, suggesting a role in translation. In agreement with this notion, overexpression of LARP4B stimulated protein synthesis, whereas knockdown of the factor by RNA interference impaired translation of a large number of cellular mRNAs." SIGNOR-260942 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr512 RFVLDDQyTSSTGTK -1 9312162 t "Lck phosphorylates the activation loop tyrosine of the Itk kinase domain and activates Itk kinase activity. The major site of Lck phosphorylation on Itk was mapped to the conserved tyrosine (Tyr511) in the activation loop of the Itk kinase domain." SIGNOR-251380 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins." SIGNOR-16683 SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266017 AUTS2 protein Q8WXX7 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25533347 f miannu "AUTS2 is involved in neurite outgrowth and branch formation in neurons." SIGNOR-266818 GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT RFFL protein Q8WZ73 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 22609986 f miannu "LPA and Gα12 may upregulate the expression of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes the polyubiquitination of PRR5L." SIGNOR-271496 "2-N,6-N-Bis(2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl)-L-serine amide" chemical CHEBI:1219 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 7576010 t miannu "D3 receptors have been reported, however, to have affinities nearly 100-fold higher than those of D2 receptors for some agonists, including (+/-)-7-hydroxy-n,n-dipropyl-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) and quinpirole." SIGNOR-258436 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SORBS3 protein O60504 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 15184391 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O60504-2" llicata "Vinexin was directly phosphorylated by erk2 upon stimulation with egf at the serine 189 of vinexin _." SIGNOR-125224 PP121 chemical CHEBI:50915 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206295 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser362 ISSVPTPsPLGPLAG 9606 BTO:0000527 19941816 t gcesareni "The mitotic phosphorylation sites on the alpha subunit of casein kinase ii can be phosphorylated in vitro by p34cdc2." SIGNOR-161839 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser282 TAPLSPMsPPGYKLV 9606 BTO:0000567 9535909 t lperfetto "These studies confirm that connexin-43 is a MAP kinase substrate in vivo and that phosphorylation on Ser255, Ser279, and/or Ser282 initiates the down-regulation of gap junctional communication. Studies with connexin-43 mutants suggest that MAP kinase phosphorylation at one or more of the tandem Ser279/Ser282 sites is sufficient to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249467 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GP1BB protein P13224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser191 ARAAARLsLTDPLVA -1 2504723 t miannu "Platelet glycoprotein Ib beta is phosphorylated on serine 166 by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. phosphorylation of this residue may contribute to the inhibitory actions of cyclic AMP by inhibiting collagen-induced polymerization of actin." SIGNOR-249986 MICU1 protein Q9BPX6 UNIPROT MCU_MICU1_variant complex SIGNOR-C500 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270867 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF2 protein Q99496 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271025 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 PARPRSPsQTRKGPP 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t lperfetto "Thus, we propose that mapk phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 controls ngf receptor/trka-mediated endocytosis by terminating the amphiphysin1-ap-2 interaction.Our results indicate that phosphorylation of amphiphysin 1 at ser-285 and/or ser-293 affects the function of amphiphysin1.Mapk phosphorylation of ser-285 and ser-293 could modulate the interaction between prd and ap-2, resulting in the dissociation of amphiphysin1 from ap-2." SIGNOR-126871 HNuRF complex SIGNOR-C448 SIGNOR EN1 protein Q05925 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 14609955 t miannu "Human NURF (hNURF) is enriched in brain, and we demonstrate that it regulates human Engrailed, a homeodomain protein that regulates neuronal development in the mid-hindbrain. Furthermore, we show that hNURF potentiates neurite outgrowth in cell culture. Taken together, our data suggess a role for an ISWI complex in neuronal growth. ) ChIP assays localize hNURF specifically to engrailed-1 (en-1) and engrailed-2 (en-2) promoters." SIGNOR-268839 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT PRR16 protein Q569H4 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272703 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT CCDC69 protein A6NI79 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272704 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser87 AAAGPALsPVPPVVH 9606 BTO:0000567 10669763 t lperfetto "The results of this study reveal the following novel findings: destruction of the three putative MAP kinase sites at positions 56, 74, and 87 results in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the protein. Progressive inactivation of these MAP kinase sites revealed that Bcl-2 stability is mainly regulated by phosphorylation at Thr74 and Ser87, with Ser87 phosphorylation playing a predominant role. TNF-α or the MAP kinase-specific inhibitor PD98059 diminishes Ser87 phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in vivo, while activated ERK2 induces phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-244505 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 9012831 t gcesareni "We now describe a protein, bap-135, that is associated with btk in b cells and is a substrate for phosphorylation by btk.Taken together, these observations suggest that bap-135 may reside downstream of btk in a signaling pathway originating at the bcr." SIGNOR-46060 tamsulosin chemical CHEBI:9398 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258474 Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C509 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270906 PROX1 protein Q92786 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 27476001 f miannu "PROX1 is important to maintain HIF1Œ± protein stability by inhibiting the proteasome activity after DAB2IP loss, since our immunoprecipitation data showed that knocking-down PROX1 could enhance the protein‚Äìprotein interaction between HIF1Œ± and ubiquitin in DAB2IP-deficient LAPC-4 and RWPE-1 KD cells. we found that knocking-down PROX1 could decrease HIF1Œ± protein stability, because HIF1Œ± protein degradation was significantly blocked by MG132 treatment in LAPC-4 and RWPE-1 KD cells" SIGNOR-254766 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000661 25801024 t Federica "Discovery of ponatinib as the first-in-class dual inhibitor of RIPK1 and RIPK3" SIGNOR-261083 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 15802604 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (pdk1) has an essential role in this pathway by regulating the activation of pkc and through signal-dependent recruiting of both pkc and card11 to lipid rafts." SIGNOR-134869 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000199 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253418 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser272 EEPSPLPsPTASPNH 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t lperfetto "Recent studies show that phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 prd by cdk5 inhibited the association of amphiphysin1 with ap-2 in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (7, 8) similar to that by mapk (present report). Cdk5 appears to phosphorylate amphiphysin1 at serines 261, 272, 276, and 285 and threonine 310, located in the prd" SIGNOR-126843 TGFb proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF5 SIGNOR TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 22703233 t miannu "TGFbeta signals are transmitted via a cell surface receptor complex consisting of the TGFbeta type I receptor (TbetaRI) and TGFbeta type II receptor (TbetaRII). To initiate signal transduction, TGFbeta binds to TbetaRII, which in turn recruits TbetaRI, leading to the formation of a tetrameric receptor complex." SIGNOR-256179 PIN4 protein Q9Y237 UNIPROT rRNA_transcription phenotype SIGNOR-PH145 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 12860119 f lperfetto "Par14 is a pre-rRNA processing factor involved in mammalian ribosome biogenesis, Par14 deficiency slowed cell growth (Fig. 3A) and reduced the production of 18 and 28 S rRNAs " SIGNOR-265755 GRM3 protein Q14832 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264083 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22049910 t "Glutaminase (GLS1/2) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine to L-glutamate and ammonia." SIGNOR-266907 TRIP11 protein Q15643 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9256431 t "inferred from family member" miannu "Trip230 binds to rb independently of thyroid hormone while it forms a complex with tr in a thyroid hormone-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of the protein trip230 in cells, but not a mutant form that does not bind to tr, enhances specifically tr-dependent transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-267803 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11741538 t miannu " We demonstrate that the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a ubiquitin ligase required for the destruction of SnoN and that the APC pathway is regulated by TGF-beta. The destruction box of SnoN is required for its degradation in response to TGF-beta signaling. Furthermore, the APC activator CDH1 and Smad3 synergistically regulate SnoN degradation. Under these circumstances, CDH1 forms a quaternary complex with SnoN, Smad3, and APC. " SIGNOR-272621 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11741538 t miannu " We demonstrate that the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a ubiquitin ligase required for the destruction of SnoN and that the APC pathway is regulated by TGF-beta. The destruction box of SnoN is required for its degradation in response to TGF-beta signaling. Furthermore, the APC activator CDH1 and Smad3 synergistically regulate SnoN degradation. Under these circumstances, CDH1 forms a quaternary complex with SnoN, Smad3, and APC. " SIGNOR-272622 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 16484370 f "Our findings indicate that the Tpl2/MEK/ERK signaling module is a master regulator of ERK-dependent gene expression downstream of TLRs in different hemopoietic cells" SIGNOR-256083 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SUPT5H protein O00267 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr806 TPHYGSQtPLHDGSR 9606 16427012 t lperfetto "We describe an evolutionarily conserved repetitive heptapeptide motif (consensus = g-s-r/q-t-p) in the c-terminal region (ctr) of hspt5, which, like the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rna pol ii, is highly phosphorylated by p-tefb. Thr-4 residues of the ctr repeats are functionally important phosphorylation sites. In vitro, thr-4 phosphorylation is critical for the elongation activation activity of dsif" SIGNOR-143939 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser555 RALSNSVsNMGLSES 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252977 POLR2M protein P0CAP2 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266169 "ICI D1694" chemical CHEBI:5847 ChEBI TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206403 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8242749 t gcesareni "A domain in the c-terminus of rb, outside of the a/b pocket, binds to the atp-binding lobe of the c-abl tyrosine kinase, resulting in kinase inhibition." SIGNOR-37139 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT H1-2 protein P16403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination Lys46 PVSELITkAVAASKE 9606 BTO:0000815 30517763 t miannu "ITCH interacts with and ubiquitinates linker histone H1.2 at K46. ITCH biochemically competes with RNF168 and RNF8 to polyubiquitinate histone H1.2. The results indicated that ITCH-mediated K46-Ubn is essential for the binding of histone H1.2 to chromatin." SIGNOR-272926 YWHAG protein P61981 UNIPROT NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23230147 t miannu "These results suggest the important role of 14-3-3 in the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly, and in the capacity to prevent the formation of NF-L aggregates. all seven isoforms specifically interacted with NF-L, but not NF-M or NF-H. specific interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with phosphorylated NF-L subunits also indicated the role of 14-3-3 and NF-L phosphorylation in the disassembly of neurofilaments. What is more, binding of 14-3-3 to phosphorylated NF-L subunits may prevent the dephosphorylation of these subunits by phosphatases, maintaining the hyperphosphorylation state of the subunits, which facilitates the disassembly of neurofilaments." SIGNOR-252400 ERCC5 protein P28715 UNIPROT ERCC2 protein P18074 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 20840796 t "Regulation of binding" "The NER protein XPG was also found to associate with the TFIIH complex by interacting directly with XPD stabilizing the interaction between TFIIH and the CAK-XPD complex" SIGNOR-251974 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SYNGAP1 protein Q96PV0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser780 MARGLNSsMDMARLP -1 14970204 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of synGAP by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II increases its Ras GTPase-activating activity by 70-95%. We identify four major sites of phosphorylation, serines 1123, 1058, 750/751/756, and 764/765." SIGNOR-262690 VARS1 protein P26640 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270797 Ast-487 chemical CID:11409972 PUBCHEM FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259693 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr474 VLLVNRHyAKISDFG 9606 BTO:0000661 9685404 t lperfetto "We show that ZAP-70 has a primary autophosphorylation site at Tyr-292, with a secondary site at Tyr-126. We also show additional phosphorylation at Tyr-69, Tyr-178, Tyr-492, and Tyr-493 upon the addition of the protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck" SIGNOR-249375 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12887892 t gcesareni "Sir2-mediated deacetylation of myod can be expected to inhibit its transcriptional capabilities." SIGNOR-104251 azelastine chemical CHEBI:2950 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257790 RNF125 protein Q96EQ8 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0005029 17460044 t miannu "Here, we found that RIG-I undergoes proteasomal degradation after conjugation to ubiquitin by RNF125. Further, RNF125 conjugates ubiquitin to MDA5, a family protein of RIG-I as well as IPS-1, which is also a downstream protein of RIG-I signaling that results in suppressing the functions of these proteins. Because RNF125 is enhanced by IFN, these functions constitute a negative regulatory loop circuit for IFN production." SIGNOR-271647 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT NR1H3 protein Q13133 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 12198243 f gcesareni "Here we show that shp can interact with the liver x receptors lxr? (nr1h3) and lxr? (nr1h2), as demonstrated by glutathione-s-transferase pull-down assays, mammalian two-hybrid, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. In transfection assays, shp inhibits the expression of an artificial reporter driven by an lxr-response element and represses the transcriptional activation by lxr of the human atp-binding cassette transporter 1 (abca1) promoter. T" SIGNOR-91996 HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT FLCN protein Q8NFG4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t miannu "Heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) is an essential molecular chaperone in eukaryotes involved in maintaining the stability and activity of numerous signalling proteins, also known as clients. Hsp90 ATPase activity is essential for its chaperone function and it is regulated by co-chaperones. Here we show that the tumour suppressor FLCN is an Hsp90 client protein and its binding partners FNIP1/FNIP2 function as co-chaperones. FNIPs decelerate the chaperone cycle, facilitating FLCN interaction with Hsp90, consequently ensuring FLCN stability." SIGNOR-261417 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SNAP23 protein O00161 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr24 TDESLEStRRILGLA 9606 12930825 t lperfetto "Ion trap mass spectrometry revealed that platelet SNAP-23 was phosphorylated at Ser23/Thr24 and Ser161, after cell activation by thrombin; these sites were also identified in PKC-phosphorylated r-SNAP-23. SNAP-23 mutants that mimic phosphorylation at Ser23/Thr24 inhibited syntaxin 4 interactions, whereas a phosphorylation mutant of Ser161 had only minor effects. | Because mutants that mimic SNAP-23 phosphorylation affect syntaxin 4 interactions, we hypothesize that SNAP-23 phosphorylation may be important for modulating SNARE-complex interactions during membrane trafficking and fusion." SIGNOR-249229 XL-647 chemical CID:10458325 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207857 RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 30889378 t miannu "The RTKs in turn induce phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or the signaling domain of the b4 integrin. These elements recruit distinct subsets of signaling enzymes and adaptors, refining the specificity of individual partner RTKs." SIGNOR-259031 RBSN protein Q9H1K0 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "Rabenosyn-5 is another FYVE-domain-containing Rab5 effector that localizes to EE" SIGNOR-260624 IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10918594 f gcesareni "Early events in type i ifn signaling are tyrosine phosphorylation of the type i ifn receptor subunits (ifnar1 and ifnar2), and the activation of the receptor-associated tyk-2 and jak-1 janus kinases" SIGNOR-80100 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr285 TEADGELyVFNTPSG 9606 BTO:0000527;BTO:0000017 9890893 t lperfetto "Gab-1 is a multisubstrate docking protein downstream in the signaling pathways of different receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)the entire protein was phosphorylated by regfr at eight tyrosine residues (y285, y373, y406, y447, y472, y619, y657, and y689)." SIGNOR-236400 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1437 RYPDSYEsMSEPPIA -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262907 CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT NMN(+) smallmolecule CHEBI:14648 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "CD38 is also able to catalyze the degradation of the NAD precursor nicotinamide mono-nucleotide (NMN) into nicotinamide" SIGNOR-264252 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257300 naltrexone chemical CHEBI:7465 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258767 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr344 SSMPGGStPVSSANM 9606 7592773 t lperfetto "Four residues within this domain, thr-344, thr-360, ser-362, and ser-370, conform to the minimal consensus sequence for p34cdc2 phosphorylationthe high stoichiometry of phosphorylation suggests that phosphorylation could regulate functional properties of ckii and that it could in some way participate in the burst of phosphorylation that accompanies the activation of p34graphic at the ggraphic-m transition" SIGNOR-29525 KIF7 protein Q2M1P5 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10090 19592253 t lperfetto "These results suggest a role for Kif7 in coordinating Hh signal transduction at the tip of cilia and preventing Gli3 cleavage into a repressor form in the presence of Hh." SIGNOR-209614 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1934 SPTYSPTsPKGSTYS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120160 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr981 LPLDKDYyVVREPGQ 9606 9391116 t gcesareni "We found that jak3 is autophosphorylated on multiple sites including y980 and y981. Compared with the activity of wild-type (wt) jak3, mutant y980f demonstrated markedly decreased kinase activity, and optimal phosphorylation of jak3 on other sites was dependent on y980 phosphorylation. The mutant y980f also exhibited reduced phosphorylation of its substrates, gammac and stat5a. In contrast, mutant y981f had greatly increased kinase activity, whereas the double mutant, yy980/981ff, had intermediate activity." SIGNOR-53594 aloxistatin chemical CHEBI:101381 ChEBI CTSL protein P07711 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 32142651 t miannu "Full inhibition was attained when camostat mesylate and E-64d, an inhibitor of CatB/L, were added (Figure 4A; Figure S3B), indicating that SARS-2-S can use both CatB/L as well as TMPRSS2 for priming in these cell lines." SIGNOR-260282 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1934 SPTYSPTsPKGSTYS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120252 DIP2A protein Q14689 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 10090 BTO:0000142 31600191 t miannu "DIP2A binds to cortactin and modulates cortactin acetylation. Autism candidate gene disconnected-interacting protein homolog 2 A (DIP2A) is known to be involved in acetylated coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) synthesis and is primarily expressed in the brain regions with abundant pyramidal neurons. We further identified that DIP2A interacted with cortactin, an activity-dependent spine remodeling protein. The binding activity of DIP2A-PXXP motifs (P, proline; X, any residue) with the cortactin-Src homology 3 (SH3) domain was critical for maintaining the level of acetylated cortactin." SIGNOR-266589 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT TBX3 protein O15119 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser719 AEKEAATsELQSIQR 9606 25595898 t miannu "We have identified TBX3 as a key substrate of AKT3 in melanomagenesis. we have identified the AKT3 target site at serine residue 720 in the TBX3 protein and show that this site is phosphorylated in vivo. the phosphorylation at S720 promotes TBX3 protein stability, nuclear localization, transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, and its role in cell migration and invasion." SIGNOR-223534 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser328 QDAYRRNsVRFLQQR 9606 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89166 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr614 KSTGSVDyLALDFQP 9606 BTO:0000782 11572860 t lperfetto "In the present study, we found that gab2 is phosphorylated by zap-70, associates with the tcr signaling complex, and acts as an inhibitory adaptor molecule via recruitment of shp-2 following tcr ligation." SIGNOR-110731 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser77 EIVPSPPsPPPLPRI 9606 BTO:0000567 9230306 t llicata "However, only the coexpression of cdk7 stimulated ser-77 phosphorylation in vivo and enhanced transactivation by rar alpha, but not by a s77a rar mutant." SIGNOR-49693 NSD1 protein Q96L73 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates methylation 9606 20080798 t lperfetto "Fbxl11 and nsd1 have opposite effects on nf-kb; both bind to p65 subunit after activation of nf-kb. / nsd1 activates nf-kb and reverses the inhibitory effect of fbxl11 / these data confirm that fbxl11 and nsd1 constitute an enzyme pair that methylates and demethylates p65 on k218 and 221 in response to cytokine stimulation." SIGNOR-217388 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr359 DTEFTSRtPKDSPGI 9534 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219349 ZNF692 protein Q9BU19 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17097062 f gcesareni "In this study, we demonstrate that a newly identified transcription factor, arebp, is a novel target of ampk. Arebps function is to repress transcription of the pepck gene upon phosphorylation by ampk." SIGNOR-150556 DLL4 protein Q9NR61 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000574 10837024 t lperfetto "Expression analysis of known notch ligands suggests that dll4 is the only ligand that exhibits spatial and temporal expression consistent with the activation of notch1 and notch4 during vascular development. The identification of dll4 reveals a candidate ligand for notch receptors involved in blood vessel biology" SIGNOR-77973 RNF11 protein Q9Y3C5 UNIPROT SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14755250 t miannu "RNF11 recruits AMSH to Smurf2 E3 ligase. Smurf2 promotes ubiquitination of AMSH in the presence of wt RNF11. Previously, we have shown that RNF11 interacts with the HECT-type E3 ligases AIP4 and Smurf2. Here, we show that RNF11 binds to AMSH in mammalian cells and that this interaction is independent of the RNF11 RING-finger domain and the PY motif. Our results also demonstrate that AMSH is ubiquitinated by Smurf2 E3 ligase in the presence of RNF11 and that a consequent reduction in its steady-state level requires both RNF11 and Smurf2. RNF11 therefore recruits AMSH to Smurf2 for ubiquitination, leading to its degradation by the 26S proteasome." SIGNOR-272952 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001567 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255163 LAMB1 protein P07942 UNIPROT Laminin-10 complex SIGNOR-C182 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 11821406 t lperfetto "The laminin (LN) family of large heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins has multiple functions: LNs take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation, in addition to contributing to the structure of basement membranes. LN-10, composed of alpha5, beta1, and gamma1 chains, is widely distributed in most basement membranes of both epithelia and endothelia." SIGNOR-253230 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser403 ESTDSGLsMSSYSVP 9606 phosphorylation:Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 24715453 t milica "LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved serine in this region (Ser311 in human TAZ; Ser397 in human YAP) primes for further phosphorylation by CK1_/_ kinases (Ser314 on human TAZ; Ser400/403 in human YAP)" SIGNOR-230733 MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17580304 t gcesareni "Sqstm1/p62 (named a170 in the mouse;hereafter p62) is the first proposed example of such proteins (bj_?_?Rk_?_?Y et al.,2005). It binds polyubiquitinated protein aggregates via its uba domain and interacts with lc3 on the autophagosome/ this interaction is necessary for autophagic degradation of p62-positive cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing ubiquitinated proteins. We also demonstrate that alis are indistinguishable from p62 inclusion bodies and that p62 is required for their formation." SIGNOR-156356 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 20231902 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates mst2 at thr117 in vitro and in vivo, which leads to mst2 cleavage and kinase activity as well as nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-269941 SETD2 protein Q9BYW2 UNIPROT TUBA1B protein P68363 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Lys40 DGQMPSDkTIGGGDD 9606 BTO:0000007 27518565 t Gianni "The histone methyltransferase SET-domain-containing 2 (SETD2), which is responsible for H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) of histones, also methylates α-tubulin at lysine 40, the same lysine that is marked by acetylation on microtubules. Methylation of microtubules occurs during mitosis and cytokinesis and can be ablated by SETD2 deletion, which causes mitotic spindle and cytokinesis defects, micronuclei, and polyploidy" SIGNOR-269090 SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT hydron chemical CHEBI:15378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265595 ICAM4 protein Q14773 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266019 BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT RUFY1 protein Q96T51 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr389 TKVELETyKQTRQGL 9534 11877430 t miannu "Etk interacts with RUFY1 through its SH3 and SH2 domains. RUFY1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated and appears to be a substrate of Etk. Phosphorylation of the two tyrosine residues, Tyr-281 and Tyr-292, located in the linker region of the two coiled-coil domains by Etk seems to be critical for RUFY1 targeting to the endosomes." SIGNOR-262678 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser178 EENVSDGsPNAGSVE 9606 10831586 t lperfetto "Indeed, p27kip1 was phosphorylated by p42 mapk (erk2) in vitrothese results suggest that ser(10) is the major site of phosphorylation of p27(kip1) and that phosphorylation at this site, like that at thr(187), contributes to regulation of p27(kip1) stability." SIGNOR-244517 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258369 KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 12496368 t miannu "These results suggest that Sam68 and CBP interact in vivo in a manner dependent on the FXE/DXXXL motif. Sam68 Represses CBP-dependent Transcriptional Activation" SIGNOR-266202 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 AIKIIDKtQLNPTSL 9606 15319445 t gcesareni "Here we show that the protein kinase cdc25 c-associated kinase 1 (c-tak1) is a binding partner and a substrate of pim-1." SIGNOR-259431 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser143 RTPRRSKsDGEAKPE 9606 21151116 t gcesareni "Akt1 kinase colocalizes and directly interacts with dnmt1 and phosphorylates ser143. Phosphorylated dnmt1 peaks during dna synthesis, before dnmt1 methylation. Depletion of akt1 or overexpression of dominant-negative akt1 increases methylated dnmt1, resulting in a decrease in dnmt1 abundance. In mammalian cells, phosphorylated dnmt1 is more stable than methylated dnmt1." SIGNOR-170530 carfilzomib chemical CHEBI:65347 ChEBI PSMB9 protein P28065 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000898 17591945 t miannu "Carfilzomib is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone related to epoxomicin (Figure 1A), the latter of which shows high specificity in vitro for the ChT-L proteasome activity. To evaluate the proteasomal inhibitory potential of carfilzomib in MM, extracts from ANBL-6 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of carfilzomib. Extended exposure to carfilzomib for 5 hours saturated the β5 and β5i active sites in a dose-dependent manner and also led to increased binding to the β1, β1i, β2, and β2i subunits, with maximal binding observed at 50 nM." SIGNOR-259311 NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates acetylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 12771131 t gcesareni "In this study we assessed the effect of smrt and dax-1 on ar and pr activity in the presence of both agonists and partial antagonists. We show that smrt and dax-1 repress agonist-dependent activity of both receptors, and the mechanism of repression includes disruption of the receptor dimer interactions rather than recruitment of histone deacetylases." SIGNOR-101286 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 12356755 t gcesareni "Here we show that glucocorticoids synergistically enhance nthi-induced tlr2 expression via specific up-regulation of the mapk phosphatase-1 (mkp-1) that, in turn, leads to dephosphorylation and inactivation of p38 mapk, the negative regulator for tlr2 expression." SIGNOR-93873 MT-ND4L protein P03901 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262147 FH protein P07954 UNIPROT fumarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29806 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30761759 t miannu "Fumarate hydratases (FHs, fumarases) catalyze the reversible conversion of fumarate into l-malate. FHs are distributed over all organisms and play important roles in energy production, DNA repair and as tumor suppressors." SIGNOR-266279 (S)-N-Hydroxy-4-(3-methyl-2-phenylbutanamido)benzamide chemical CID:6918848 PUBCHEM HDAC10 protein Q969S8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002428 31908417 t miannu "The present study aimed to detect HDAC1 expression in and around ESCC tissues and comprehensively assess the anti-ESCC effects of AR-42, a phenylbutyrate-derived pan-HDAC inhibitor with low nanomolar IC50s against HDACs including HDAC1. AR-42 developed by Chen et al is an orally bioavailable hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate derivative with strong inhibitory activity against class I (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) and class IIb (HDAC 6 and 10) HDACs." SIGNOR-262249 VKORC1 protein Q9BQB6 UNIPROT "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "The epoxide form of vitamin K is reduced by epoxide reductase (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1; VKORC1 or vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1-like 1; VKORC1L1) to a reduced form and then to the reduced hydroquinone form" SIGNOR-265900 NMS protein Q5H8A3 UNIPROT NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 15635449 t gcesareni "Here we identify a novel neuropeptide of 36 amino-acid residues in rat brain as an endogenous ligand for the orphan g protein-coupled receptor fm-4/tgr-1, which was identified to date as the neuromedin u (nmu) receptor, and designate this peptide 'neuromedin s (nms)' because it is specifically expressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) of the hypothalamus." SIGNOR-133131 RXRG protein P48443 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 31390799 f SimoneGraziosi "Despite RXRγ being heavily down-regulated upon silencing (average silencing was about 80%), the reduction in Gli2 expression levels was statistically significant only for Clobetasol-treated but not for Gefitinib-treated cells." SIGNOR-269267 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF207 protein Q6ZRF8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271066 CHMP2B protein Q9UQN3 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265530 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZNF511 protein Q8NB15 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271278 UBQLN2 protein Q9UHD9 UNIPROT HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 25616961 t lperfetto "Confirmation of binding of recombinant full-length hnRNPA1 and hnRNPU proteins with ubiquilin-2 by GST-pull-down assays|Additionally, our evidence that ubiquilin-2 is in- volved in stabilizing hnRNPA1 protein" SIGNOR-262271 gefitinib chemical CHEBI:49668 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258218 VKORC1L1 protein Q8N0U8 UNIPROT "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "This series of oxidation-reduction reactions begins with conversion of vitamin K from a stable oxidized form (quinone form) to a hydroquinone form by vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR)" SIGNOR-265906 "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001336 24241034 f lperfetto "Importantly, autocrine and paracrine interactions of α9β1 integrin and tenascin-C induced the expression of MMPs and IL-6 in synovial fibroblasts, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β in synovial macrophages." SIGNOR-253313 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HSPB8 protein Q9UJY1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr87 GVPAEGRtPPPFPGE 9606 22721717 t lperfetto "Hsp22 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (at residues ser(14) and thr(63)) and by p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (at residues ser(27) and thr(87)). Concerning the possible function of hsp22, no definitive conclusions can be drawn with the available data, although its function might be to bind to and modulate the activity of hsp27.Some Studies claimed that phosphorylation is required for the translocation" SIGNOR-197936 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32234467 f miannu "Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important member of the cytokine network and plays a central role in acute inflammation. IL-6 binds to its receptor IL-6R to form a complex, and then binds to the membrane protein gp130 to initiate intracellular signal transduction. IL-6 is the terminal helper factor of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), which can induce CTL activity and make immature thymocytes develop into CTL. In addition, IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory regulator of T cells." SIGNOR-261028 "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000578 31659254 t miannu "Here we report that ZNF774, a novel zinc-finger protein, inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Molecular characterization of this protein indicated that ZNF774 acts as a transcription repressor, and interrogation of ZNF774 interactome by affinity purification-coupled mass spectrometry revealed that ZNF774 is physically associated with the Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex in cells. We demonstrated that ZNF774 recruits the NuRD complex to the NOTCH2 promoter and represses NOTCH2 transcription." SIGNOR-265560 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser24 QAAPKAPsKKEKKKG 9534 BTO:0004055 10542228 t lperfetto "We have mapped the TPA-induced DOC-2/DAB2 protein phosphorylation site to Ser24, which appears to modulate the DOC-2/DAB2 inhibition of AP-1 transcription activity. Results indicate that phosphorylation of Ser24 is mediated by PKCbetaII, PKC_, and PKCdelta, but not CKII. This suggests that the PKC phosphorylation of Ser24 in DOC-2/DAB2 may be an underlying mechanisms for its tumor-suppressive function." SIGNOR-249026 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 t lperfetto "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein) coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin." SIGNOR-227988 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR ITGB6 protein P18564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259007 "SAE1/SAE2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C294 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys226 HPRLQALkEEPQTVP 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C154 16055711 t lperfetto "We report here that lysine 265 of c-Fos is conjugated by the peptidic posttranslational modifiers SUMO-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3 and that c-Jun can be sumoylated on lysine 257 as well as on the previously described lysine 229. Sumoylation of c-Fos preferentially occurs in the context of c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers.|Inhibition of c-Fos and c-Jun sumoylation stimulates AP-1-dependent transcription activity." SIGNOR-263006 "9-cis-retinoic acid" chemical CHEBI:50648 ChEBI RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18321241 t miannu "Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a unique panagonist retinoid, capable of binding to all six known retinoid receptors (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma)." SIGNOR-259237 BBOX1 protein O75936 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "In the last step, butyrobetaine is hydroxylated on the 3-position by γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBD; EC 1.14.11.1) to yield carnitine." SIGNOR-269698 IL31 protein Q6EBC2 UNIPROT OSMR protein Q99650 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000876 BTO:0001253 15184896 t gcesareni "Here we identify a four-helix bundle cytokine we have called interleukin 31 (il-31), which is preferentially produced by t helper type 2 cells. Il-31 signals through a receptor composed of il-31 receptor a and oncostatin m receptor." SIGNOR-125347 TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT ADM protein P35318 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9480831 t "These findings suggest that NF-IL6 and AP-2 sites in the promoter region are the functional elements in the transcriptional regulation of human AM gene in vascular endothelial cells." SIGNOR-254048 QARS1 protein P47897 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270358 BAMBI protein Q13145 UNIPROT FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000763 2662247 t gcesareni "These data together suggest that bambi may form a ternary coreceptor complex with fzd5 and lrp6" SIGNOR-23040 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser191 EDQAEEIsDELMEFS 9606 14968113 t lperfetto "Cdc25c phosphorylation on serine 191 by plk3 promotes its nuclear translocation" SIGNOR-122090 LAMB3 protein Q13751 UNIPROT Laminin-5 complex SIGNOR-C184 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9211848 t lperfetto "Like the other laminins (3), Ln-5 comprises three disul- fide-bonded subunits: a3, b3, and g2." SIGNOR-253236 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9892110 t lperfetto "Smad6 and smad7, can prevent tgfb signaling by interacting either with the receptor or with smad2 and smad3." SIGNOR-64085 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser367 PDCRRTIsAPVVRPK 9606 18356162 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase akt mediates phosphorylation of mdmx at ser367. This phosphorylation leads to stabilization of mdmx and consequent stabilization of mdm2." SIGNOR-252517 "lysophosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:132742 ChEBI LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257531 UBXN1 protein Q04323 UNIPROT NGLY1 protein Q96IV0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15362974 t miannu "PNGase is directed to polyubiquitinated MGPs via VCP and the adaptor protein SAKS1, allowing PNGase to deglycosylate MGPs, which can then be degraded by the proteasome. PNGase itself is reported to bind to the S4 component of the 19 S proteasome." SIGNOR-261060 SMDT1 protein Q9H4I9 UNIPROT MCU_MICU1_variant complex SIGNOR-C500 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32315830 t miannu "MCU is a Ca2+-selective channel that mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. The human channel contains tetrameric pore-forming MCU, regulatory subunits MICU1/2, and EMRE that is required both for channel function and MICU1/2-mediated Ca2+ regulation." SIGNOR-270866 VPS13B protein Q7Z7G8 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 25492866 f miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. COH1 and RAB6 regulate neurite outgrowth in primary neurons" SIGNOR-266872 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser146 RPSQRHGsKYLATAS -1 2413024 t lperfetto "MBP was phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or C | Subsequent amino acid analysis and/or sequential Edman degradation of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence of this protein, revealed that Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161 at various reaction velocities." SIGNOR-248870 UBE2G2 protein P60604 UNIPROT DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys244 KIAYLGGkGPFSYNL 9606 BTO:0001379 29892818 t scontino "ER residency places D2 physically close to an array of proteins that interact and modify the D2 molecule via ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasomal system, explaining its relatively short half-life. Both ubiquitin conjugases UBC6 and or UBC7 interact with D2 and support D2 ubiquitination. Two Lys residues in D2 are involved in this process, K237 and K244." SIGNOR-267484 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser400 EDQPRCQsLDSALLE 9606 BTO:0000007 12138205 t "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of Cot occurs exclusively on serines 400 and 413. Akt to phosphorylate Cot at two sites in the carboxy-terminal domain, at least one of which may promote binding of substrates or coactivators to Cot, or alternatively may relieve binding of a negative regulator." SIGNOR-251480 GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14668344 t gcesareni "Expression of the g__ sequestrant, _-transducin, inhibits both ras activation and membrane translocation of _-arrestin1, suggesting that g__ dimers from g_i2 and g_q activate different effectors to coordinately regulate the pi 3-kinase/akt pathway. , these data indicate that _-thrombin stimulates rapid pi 3-kinase activity and akt phosphorylation by the g__ dimers released from a ptx-sensitive g protein." SIGNOR-120264 MTF1 protein Q14872 UNIPROT MCAT protein Q8IVS2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15378601 f miannu "MRE-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is a highly conserved heavy metal-induced transcriptional activator. MTF-1 also activates transcription in response to oxidative stress and regulates the expression of several cytoprotective factor genes, including MT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase." SIGNOR-254600 CUDC-907 chemical CID:54575456 PUBCHEM HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191157 MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT C2 protein P06681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg243 KTKESLGrKIQIQRS 9606 BTO:0000392 11907111 t lperfetto "The MASPs in the preparations had proteolytic activities against C4, C2, and C3 in the fluid phase" SIGNOR-263416 DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10535959 t gcesareni "Ckiepsilon was in a complex with axin and other downstream components of the wnt pathway, including dishevelled." SIGNOR-71759 "Orexin A" smallmolecule CHEBI:80319 ChEBI HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257511 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT VDAC1 protein P21796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10365962 t lperfetto "The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-x(L) closes VDAC by binding to it directly" SIGNOR-249614 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT PRKAG3 protein Q9UGI9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21460634 t gcesareni "Ulk1/2 in turn phosphorylates all three subunits of ampk and thereby negatively regulates its activity phosphorylation of ampk by ulk1 represents a negative feedback circuit." SIGNOR-173053 USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16120644 t irozzo "Here, we describe the role of a deubiquitinating enzyme UBPY/USP8 in the down-regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR). Overexpression of UBPY reduced the ubiquitination level of EGFR and delayed its degradation in EGF-stimulated cells." SIGNOR-259103 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser358 WPLSRTRsEPLPPSA 9606 18339811 t "Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. |Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs.|we demonstrate that PP2A constitutively dephosphorylates the class IIa member HDAC7 to control its biological functions as a regulator of T cell apoptosis and endothelial cell functions." SIGNOR-248648 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "These results, combined with secondary dephosphorylation tests, confirm and extend earlier findings that ptp-1b and t-cell ptp are physiological enzymes for the insulin receptor kinase." SIGNOR-76088 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT DAP protein P51397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser51 DQEWESPsPPKPTVF 9606 20537536 t miannu "A critical step in autophagy induction comprises the inactivation of a key negative regulator of the process, the Ser/Thr kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here we identify death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) as a novel substrate of mTOR that negatively regulates autophagy. Mapping of the phosphorylation sites and analysis of phosphorylation mutants indicated that DAP1 is functionally silenced in growing cells through mTOR-dependent phosphorylations on Ser3 and Ser51." SIGNOR-259812 ADSL protein P30566 UNIPROT SAICAR(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58443 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-266611 GP1BA protein P07359 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 16293600 t lperfetto "The GPIb-V-IX receptor consists of 4 transmembrane subunits: GPIbα, disulfide-linked to GPIbβ, and the noncovalently associated GPIX and GPV components, in ratios of 2:2:2:1." SIGNOR-261847 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002058 24643470 t miannu "This manuscript comprehensively reviews the preclinical data on afatinib, an irreversible inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (ErbB) including EGFR, HER2 and ErbB4. Afatinib covalently binds to cysteine 797 of the EGFR and the corresponding cysteines 805 and 803 in HER2 and ErbB4, respectively." SIGNOR-259295 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr23 ALGPFPDtQDDFLKW 10090 BTO:0004475 9722526 t 2 miannu "Regulation of erythroid Krppel-like factor (EKLF) transcriptional activity by phosphorylation of a protein kinase casein kinase II site within its interaction domain. the transactivation capability of EKLF is augmented by co-transfection of CKIIalpha. in vitro assays demonstrate that CKIIalpha interacts with EKLF, and that the EKLF interaction domain is phosphorylated by CKII only at Thr-41" SIGNOR-241365 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1055 VPEGHEYyRVREDGD 10090 11201744 t "CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling|these results show that CD45 dephosphorylates functionally important tyrosine residues. It should be noted that, as with our phosphatase assays in vitro, Tyr 1022 and Tyr 1023 of JAK1, Tyr 1007 and Tyr 1008 of JAK2, and Tyr 1054 and Tyr 1055 of Tyk2 are indeed hyperphosphorylated in cd45-deficient cells" SIGNOR-248358 KLF6 protein Q99612 UNIPROT DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15917248 f "Repression of dlk1 requires hdac3 deacetylase activity" fspada "We have identified krappel-like factor-6 (klf6), a recently described tumor suppressor gene, as a repressor of the proto-oncogene delta-like 1 (dlk1), a gene encoding a transmembrane protein that inhibits adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-210016 PCDHA11 protein Q9Y5I1 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265670 chelerythrine chemical CHEBI:78373 ChEBI BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 12702731 t gcesareni "Chelerythrine inhibited the bclxl-bak bh3 peptide binding with ic50 of 1.5 micro m and displaced bax, a bh3-containing protein, from bclxl." SIGNOR-100670 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000762 12509763 t lperfetto "Substrates for ERK1/2 include nuclear proteins such as C-JUN, this leads to activation of the AP-1 transcription factor, which is made up of FOS-JUN heterodimers." SIGNOR-253214 SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 27262167 t miannu "Voltage-gated Na1 channels (NaV channels) drive the rapid upstroke of action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in most neurons, thereby serving as initiators of electrical activity in excitable tissue. Nine genes encode a family of homologous of NaV channel pore-forming a subunits. While channels are open, Na1 ions flux through the central pore down an electrochemical gradient, further depolarizing the membrane and triggering an action potential." SIGNOR-253402 P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257185 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18591668 t lpetrilli "The data in fig. 5 suggest that hsp90 specifically interacts with t?RI And t?RII In vitro and in vivo. Coupled with our data showing that loss of hsp90 function decreases t?R Levels and blocks tgf?-Induced smad2/3 activation and transcription, this result suggests that hsp90 controls tgf? Signaling as an essential component for stabilizing t?Rs." SIGNOR-179271 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT NCAM1 protein P13591 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 t miannu "Recently, NCAM was identified as an alternative receptor for GDNF. These new results may explain the findings that, in several regions, the GDNF receptor (GFRa1) is highly expressed, while RET is undetectable." SIGNOR-252189 ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT PPP2R5A protein Q15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0003324 19840192 t miannu "Ankyrin-B is targeted to the M-line via its interaction with the C-terminal domain of the large sarcomeric protein obscurin. Obscurin is targeted to the M-line via its N-terminal interactions with myomesin and titin. This population of ankyrin-B recruits B56α, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, to the M-line where the phosphatase may regulate the phosphorylation status of contractile and signalling proteins." SIGNOR-266729 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr481 RRGLAPNtPGKARKL 9885575 t llicata "We have shown that PRC1 is a good in vitro substrate for several CDKs, and that it is also phosphorylated in a cell cycle–dependent manner in vivo at Thr-481 (major mitosis. and Thr-470 (minor site), which are the in vitro phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-250746 "Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037321 UNIPROT IFIH1 protein Q9BYX4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 28158275 f miannu "Here we show that the coronavirus endonuclease (EndoU) activity is key to prevent early induction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) host cell responses. Replication of EndoU-deficient coronaviruses is greatly attenuated in vivo and severely restricted in primary cells even during the early phase of the infection. Collectively our results demonstrate that the coronavirus EndoU efficiently prevents simultaneous activation of host cell dsRNA sensors, such as Mda5, OAS and PKR. It is thus tempting to propose that viral dsRNA represents the natural substrate of the coronavirus EndoU. However, it remains to be determined which kind of viral dsRNA is cleaved by the EndoU or triggers Mda5, OAS, and PKR activation." SIGNOR-260245 ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11376933 t miannu "To date, ten different mammalian isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC) have been cloned and characterized. Each isoform has its own distinct tissue distribution and regulatory properties, providing possibilities for different cells to respond diversely to similar stimuli. The product of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by ACs, cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been shown to play a crucial role for a variety of fundamental physiological cell functions ranging from cell growth and differentiation, to transcriptional regulation and apoptosis." SIGNOR-267842 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT ALDH2 protein P05091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr356 GNPFDSKtEQGPQVD 10090 BTO:0000801 30375985 t lperfetto "Further studies demonstrate that in the absence of LDLR, AMPK phosphorylates ALDH2 at threonine 356 and enables its nuclear translocation. Nuclear ALDH2 interacts with HDAC3 and represses transcription of a lysosomal proton pump protein ATP6V0E2, critical for maintaining lysosomal function, autophagy, and degradation of oxidized low-density lipid protein." SIGNOR-271863 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264166 GPT2 protein Q8TD30 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11863375 t "Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate, and thereby has a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. Two ALT isoenzymes are known to exist, but only one ALT gene has been cloned, GPT. In this study, we cloned a homolog of GPT and named it GPT2, and the corresponding protein ALT2" SIGNOR-266926 tazarotene chemical CHEBI:32184 ChEBI RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 19058965 t Luana "Tazarotene and its analogue 8 are RAR-β,γ selective acetylenic retinoids, whereas analogue 9 is very active on the three subtypes. " SIGNOR-258028 "bisindolylmaleimide i" chemical CID:2396 PUBCHEM PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-190350 WDFY3 protein Q8IZQ1 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000793 27008544 t miannu "Our data taken together with the known role of ALFY in autophagy, demonstrate specific targeting and autophagy-mediated removal of DVL3 by hALFY." SIGNOR-266793 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr331 CTPVVTCtPSCTAYT 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-118031 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr60 EYRRRRHtMDKDSRG 9606 16081417 t llicata "Phosphorylation of wnk1 on thr-58 contributes to sgk1 activation. these data suggest that activation of sgk1 by wnk1 requires the catalytic activity of akt." SIGNOR-252481 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr448 TILTEVNyEVSNKDD 9606 18086677 t "Caspase-8 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in freshly isolated neutrophils but spontaneously dephosphorylates in culture, in association with the progression of constitutive apoptosis. Phosphorylation of caspase-8 on Tyr-310 facilitates its interaction with the Src-homology domain 2 containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and enables SHP-1 to dephosphorylate caspase-8, permitting apoptosis to proceed. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Lyn, can phosphorylate caspase-8 on Tyr-397 and Tyr-465, rendering it resistant to activational cleavage and inhibiting apoptosis. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide reduces SHP-1 activity and binding to caspase-8, caspase-8 activity, and rates of spontaneous apoptosis." SIGNOR-248478 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr534 SRTPSLPtPPTREPK 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249324 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 17158101 f Andrea "Our results show that Notch specifically induces expression of MKP-1, a member of the dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase, which directly inactivates p38 to negatively regulate C2C12 myogenesis" SIGNOR-255744 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT OCA2 protein Q04671 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000847 22234890 f miannu "the SNP rs12913832 has strong statistical association with human pigmentation. It is located within an intron of the nonpigment gene HERC2, 21 kb upstream of the pigment gene OCA2, and the region surrounding rs12913832 is highly conserved among animal species.In darkly pigmented human melanocytes carrying the rs12913832 T-allele, we detected binding of the transcription factors HLTF, LEF1, and MITF to the HERC2 rs12913832 enhancer, and a long-range chromatin loop between this enhancer and the OCA2 promoter that leads to elevated OCA2 expression." SIGNOR-254556 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-195669 RNF170 protein Q96K19 UNIPROT ITPR2 protein Q14571 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 21610068 t miannu "In summary, here we present evidence that RNF170 is an E3 ligase that mediates IP3 receptor ubiquitination and processing by the UPP and that it is recruited to activated IP3 receptors by the erlin1/2 complex to which it is constitutively bound." SIGNOR-271914 MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Gly1446 TPLQLFEgRRNRRRR -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263438 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGB1 protein Q9Y5G3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265703 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr255 ITTPELTtPCGSAEY 9606 20927323 t gcesareni "Moreover, a dephosphorylation assay revealed that pp2a could directly dephosphorylate mnk1 and eif4e." SIGNOR-168314 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263786 STXBP4 protein Q6ZWJ1 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 31782549 t "WW domain‐containing protein STXBP4 inhibits YAP activity via LATS1‐mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-260013 USP1 protein O94782 UNIPROT FANCI protein Q9NVI1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination SIGNOR-C302 18985065 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FANCI may also turn the ubiquitinated ID complex into a poor substrate for deubiquitination by the USP1–UAF1 complex, resulting in increased levels of monoubiquitinated FANCD2." SIGNOR-263272 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT MYH10 protein P35580 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238769 FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 15721307 t lperfetto "Integrin alpha8beta1-fibronectin interactions promote cell survival via PI3 kinase pathway." SIGNOR-253304 palbociclib chemical CHEBI:85993 ChEBI CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205704 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT PRDM16 protein Q9HAZ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18719589 f fspada "Bmp7 activates a full program of brown adipogenesis including induction of early regulators of brown fat fate prdm16 (pr-domain-containing 16;ref. 4) and pgc-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) coactivator-1alpha;ref. 5), increased expression of the brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and adipogenic transcription factors ppargamma and ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase-(also known as mapk14) and pgc-1-dependent pathways" SIGNOR-180317 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 12530968 f lperfetto "The forkhead transcription factor foxo1 is regulated by insulin via akt-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion." SIGNOR-97392 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257358 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DAPP1 protein Q9UN19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr139 KVEEPSIyESVRVHT 9606 BTO:0000776 10880360 t lperfetto "Src family kinases mediate receptor-stimulated, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent, tyrosine phosphorylation of dual adaptor for phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides-1 in endothelial and B cell linesyrosine phosphorylation of DAPP-1 appears important for appropriate intracellular targeting and creates a potential binding site for Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins." SIGNOR-247119 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF139 protein Q8WU17 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271026 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271042 BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 15694340 t lperfetto "Apoptosis is initiated when Bcl-2 and its prosurvival relatives are engaged by proapoptotic BH3-only proteins via interaction of its BH3 domain with a groove on the Bcl-2-like proteins. These interactions have been considered promiscuous, but our analysis of the affinity of eight BH3 peptides for five Bcl-2-like proteins has revealed that the interactions vary over 10,000-fold in affinity, and accordingly, only certain protein pairs associate inside cells. Bim and Puma potently engaged all the prosurvival proteins comparably. Bad, however, bound tightly to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w but only weakly to A1 and not to Mcl-1." SIGNOR-133756 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT HGS protein O14964 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr334 ARYLNRNyWEKKQEE 9606 12953068 t lperfetto "We have analysed hrs phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor (egf) stimulation and show that the evolutionary conserved tyrosines y329 and y334 provide the principal phosphorylation sitesover-expression of wild-type hrs or a double mutant, y329/334f, defective in egf-dependent phosphorylation, substantially retard egf receptor (egfr) degradation" SIGNOR-100246 Matrine chemical CHEBI:6700 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194316 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257742 Unfolded_Proteins stimulus SIGNOR-ST22 SIGNOR ERP44 protein Q9BS26 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11847130 f miannu "Like many ER folding factors, ERp44 transcripts are induced by agents that cause the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER." SIGNOR-261047 PRKAG3 protein Q9UGI9 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16054041 t gcesareni "Gamma non-catalytic subunit mediates binding to amp, adp and atp, leading to activate or inhibit ampk: amp-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (prkaa1 or prkaa2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-139179 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17728241 t lperfetto "Mutation of serine 108 to alanine, an autophosphorylation site within the glycogen binding domain of the beta1 subunit, almost completely abolishes activation of ampk by a-769662 in cells and in vitro, while only partially reducing activation by ampk" SIGNOR-216411 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 17974954 t "Several protein tyrosine phosphatases are capable of activating Src by dephosphorylating Y530 (reviewed in ref. 9). These include PTP-α, PTP-λ, SHP-1, SHP-2, and PTP1B" SIGNOR-248472 TNFRSF11A protein Q9Y6Q6 UNIPROT Osteoclast_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH76 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17572386 f miannu "Osteoclasts are fully differentiated, multi-nucleated cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage linage. RANKL, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, and its receptor RANK are essential regulators of osteoclast maturation and activation" SIGNOR-253043 PIK3AP1 protein Q6ZUJ8 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801 22187458 t gcesareni "This accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated bcap at the membrane with its associated pi3k would then allow for the catalysis of ptd ins p2 to ptd ins p3 and downstream pi3k-dependent signals. Therefore, bcap is an essential activator of the pi3k pathway downstream of tlr signaling, providing a brake to limit potentially pathogenic excessive tlr responses." SIGNOR-191667 KAT6A protein Q92794 UNIPROT KAT6A/KAT6B complex SIGNOR-C54 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 17694082 t miannu "Like gcn5/pcaf and p300/cbp, moz and morf are transcriptional co-activators with intrinsic hat activity." SIGNOR-157304 SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002058 20501643 f miannu "When Spry4 was stably transfected into H157 and H2122 NSCLC cell lines, decreased migration and invasion were observed. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was decreased, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP1 and CD82 were increased. Stable expression of Spry4 led to reduced cell growth and reduced anchorage-independent growth in NSCLC cell lines, along with upregulation of tumor suppressors p53 and p21." SIGNOR-253040 SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000132 17506858 t miannu "Serotonin (5HT) is a platelet-stored vasoconstrictor. Altered concentrations of circulating 5HT are implicated in several pathologic conditions, including hypertension. The actions of 5HT are mediated by different types of receptors and terminated by a single 5HT transporter (SERT). Therefore, SERT is a major mechanism that regulates plasma 5HT levels to prevent vasoconstriction and thereby secure a stable blood flow." SIGNOR-263952 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ABRAXAS1 protein Q6UWZ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser406 GPGEYSRsPTF 9606 26778126 t "IR-Induced Double Phosphorylation of Abraxas C Terminus S404 and S406 Is ATM Dependent" SIGNOR-255588 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21993628 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-176757 IDH complex SIGNOR-C396 SIGNOR 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the Œ±2Œ≤Œ≥ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into Œ±-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-266252 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT CCNC protein P24863 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 15546612 t gcesareni "Cycc:cdk8 and cyct1:cdk9/p-tefb are recruited with notch and associated coactivators (mam, skip) to the hes1 promoter in signaling cells." SIGNOR-130709 CASK protein O14936 UNIPROT TBR1 protein Q16650 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9534 BTO:0000298 10749215 t miannu "Here we report that, through its guanylate kinase domain, CASK interacts with Tbr-1, a T-box transcription factor that is involved in forebrain development. CASK enters the nucleus and binds to a specific DNA sequence (the T-element) in a complex with Tbr-1. CASK acts as a coactivator of Tbr-1 to induce transcription of T-element containing genes, including reelin, a gene that is essential for cerebrocortical development." SIGNOR-266835 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT FCER1A protein P12319 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11971001 f "Transcriptional regulation of the gene-encoding human Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain was analyzed in detail. EMSA revealed that either YY1 or PU.1 bound to the region close to that recognized by Elf-1. The alpha-chain promoter activity was up-regulated approximately 2-fold by exogenously expressed YY1 or PU.1 and approximately 7-fold by GATA-1, respectively, in KU812 cells" SIGNOR-254289 XBP1 protein P17861 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12805554 t miannu "E4BP4, ATF-6, OASIS, and XBP-1 all formed strong homodimeric associations on the array Transcription factor dimerization can increase the selectivity of protein-DNA interactions and generate a large amount of DNA binding diversity from a relatively small number of proteins" SIGNOR-224199 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-216966 CNKSR2 protein Q8WXI2 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14597674 t gcesareni "We show cnk2 interacts with raf. cnk2 interacts with the gef domain of rlf and with both the regulatory and catalytic domains of raf. The raf interaction was also mapped to the carboxyl-terminal half of cnk2. Overexpression of cnk2 results in inhibition of the mapk signaling pathway." SIGNOR-119039 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1016 DVVDADEyLIPQQGF -1 8621392 t "We have shown previously that amino acid residues flanking the phosphotyrosine are important for efficient PTP1 catalysis (Table 1 and Refs. 9, 10, and 17). For example, the kcat/Km value for the undecapeptide, EGFR988-989 (epidermal growth factor autophosphorylation site Tyr992, residues 988-998) (Asp-Ala-Asp-Glu-pTyr-Leu-Ile-Pro-Gln-Gln-Gly) is 3220-fold higher than that of phosphotyrosine (Table 1). We further demonstrated that a minimum of six amino acid residues are required for the most efficient PTP1 binding and catalysis." SIGNOR-248407 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNA1S protein Q13698 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1575 PEICRTVsGDLAAEE -1 20937870 t miannu "To identify the regulatory sites of phosphorylation under physiologically relevant conditions, Ca(V)1.1 channels were purified from skeletal muscle and sites of phosphorylation on the α1 subunit were identified by mass spectrometry. Two phosphorylation sites were identified in the proximal C-terminal domain, serine 1575 (S1575) and threonine 1579 (T1579), which are conserved in cardiac Ca(V)1.2 channels (S1700 and T1704, respectively). In vitro phosphorylation revealed that Ca(V)1.1-S1575 is a substrate for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, whereas Ca(V)1.1-T1579 is a substrate for casein kinase 2." SIGNOR-263112 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT NGFR protein P08138 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser303 PEGEKLHsDSGISVD 9606 BTO:0000938 12682012 t llicata "Pka phosphorylates the p75 receptor and regulates its localization to lipid rafts. activation of camp?PKA Is required for translocation of p75ntr to lipid rafts, and for biochemical and biological activities of p75ntr, such as inactivation of rho and the neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-99755 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GMFB protein P60983 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser72 QPRFIVYsYKYQHDD -1 9030586 t lperfetto "Using synthetic peptide fragments containing putative phosphorylation sites of GMF, we demonstrate that PKA is capable of phosphorylating threonine 26 and serine 82, whereas PKC, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase, and casein kinase II, can phosphorylate serine 71, threonine 26, and serine 52, respectively." SIGNOR-248959 VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 32644488 f lperfetto "VWF plays a crucial role in hemostasis through platelet adhesion facilitation and coagulation factor VIII stabilization" SIGNOR-261865 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0005907 25026211 t miannu "CRL4 DCAF1 ubiquitylates and inhibits Lats." SIGNOR-272230 3-(carbamoylamino)-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-[(3S)-3-piperidinyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:131156 ChEBI CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190203 AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9748228 t fspada "Bmp7 stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous smad1 and 5, formation of complexes with smad4 and induced the promoter for the homeobox gene, tlx2" SIGNOR-210096 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT LRRC7 protein Q96NW7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1439 IQTKGQRsMDGYPEQ 11160423 t llicata "In contrast, phosphorylation of densin-180 by CaMKII at serine-1397 only slightly decreases its affinity for CaMKII. The specific interaction of densin-180 with holoenzymes of CaMKII containing only alpha-subunit and the increased affinity of CaMKII for densin-180 after autophosphorylation suggest that densin-180 may be involved in localization of activated CaMKII synthesized in dendrites." SIGNOR-250634 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser714 DNIPEMPsPKKMHQG -1 28143904 t lperfetto "Together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylated DNMT1-Ser730, RBBP7-Ser314, and HAT1-Ser190|AMPK decreased DNMT1 activity" SIGNOR-264788 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 24012691 t miannu "CHFR ubiquitinates and degrades TOPK. Our in vivo ubiquitination assays revealed that the polyubiquitination of TOPK occurs only in the presence of full length CHFR but not with the ΔRING or Δcysteine-rich domain deletion mutants (Fig. 2a)." SIGNOR-271471 ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15347662 t miannu "The stimulation of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid efflux by apolipoprotein A-I is mediated by the activity of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). ABCA1 forms a high affinity complex with apoA-I by binding amphipathic helices within the apolipoprotein. VFVNFA sequence is required for ABCA1 to form a complex with apoA-I and to transfer cholesterol to the apolipoprotein." SIGNOR-252100 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258273 RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT NFYC protein Q13952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15496512 t miannu "Coactivator RNF4 is involved in the GCH gene expression. Through serial deletion and mutagenesis studies of the GCH promoter, we defined the RNF4-responsive element on GCH proximal promoter as a CCAAT box. RNF4 did not possess specific DNA binding activity toward this CCAAT box, which suggests that RNF4 may be a coactivator of the CCAAT boxbinding protein nuclear factor Y (NF-Y). RNF4 is a coactivator for nuclear factor Y on GTP cyclohydrolase I proximal promoter." SIGNOR-252231 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser17 DASQRRRsLEPAENV 9606 11804588 t llicata "Pka activated src both in vitro and in vivo by phosphorylating src on serine 17" SIGNOR-114277 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258897 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT SLCO1B3 protein Q9NPD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 16741617 t lperfetto "Farnesoid X receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factors 1alpha and 3beta are essential for transcriptional activation of the liver-specific organic anion transporter-2 gene.|This study demonstrated that the transcription of the LST-2 gene is regulated by three transcription factors, FXR, HNF1alpha, and HNF3beta." SIGNOR-268988 PGK2 protein P07205 UNIPROT "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266503 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20640476 f lperfetto "The decreased glycogen synthesis rates upon acute AMPK activation are generally coupled to an increase in the glycolytic flux, thanks to the activation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2) through direct phosphorylation on Ser466 [35]. PFK-2 catalyzes the synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, a potent stimulator of glycolysis. Therefore, activation of AMPK rapidly mobilizes glucose into ATP-generating processes." SIGNOR-209929 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT GFI1B protein Q5VTD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19965638 f miannu "HMGB2 binds to the GFI1B promoter in vivo and up-regulates its trans-activation most likely by enhancing the binding of Oct-1 and, to a lesser extent, of GATA-1 and NF-Y to the GFI1B promoter." SIGNOR-254432 P2RY6 protein Q15077 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257076 KNL1 protein Q8NG31 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17981135 t gcesareni "Association of the amino and middle domain of blinkin with the tpr domains in the amino termini of bubr1 and bub1 is essential for bubr1 and bub1 to execute their distinct mitotic functions" SIGNOR-158894 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 16207715 t miannu "Plag1 and plagl2 are also regulated by acetylation. They are acetylated and activated by p300 and deacetylated and repressed by hdac7." SIGNOR-140915 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19482358 f miannu "Socs1 expression is induced in the human keratinocytes HaCaT cell line through sequential activation of STAT1 and IRF-1" SIGNOR-226484 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268586 KLF11 protein O14901 UNIPROT SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 11438660 t miannu "detailed biochemical and functional analyses have demonstrated that the TIEG2 _-HRM domain interacts specifically with the PAH2 domain of mSin3A to repress transcription. our data suggest the presence of a conserved _-helical repression motif (_-HRM) in the TIEG and BTEB subfamilies of Sp1-like proteins that mediates transcriptional repression activity through interaction with the corepressor mSin3A." SIGNOR-222344 MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "Following release, 5-HT receptor activation and reuptake by 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), serotonin is degraded by MAO (monoamine oxidase) and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) into 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA)." SIGNOR-264015 MUC12 protein Q9UKN1 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000037 32596961 t miannu "MUC12 promoted the recruitment of c-Jun on the promoter of TGF-β1, leading to its transcription." SIGNOR-265474 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 KDGVADVsIEDSVIS 4932 24647101 t "ROS signaling is mediated by Mec1/ATM and its effector Dun1/Cds1 kinase, through Dun1 interaction with Sod1 and regulation of Sod1 by phosphorylation at S60, 99. In the nucleus, Sod1 binds to the promoters and regulates the expression of oxidative resistance and repair genes." SIGNOR-262795 RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 19222999 t lperfetto "Recent studies document that Rheb activates mTORC1 via direct, GTP-dependent interaction with the peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase FKBP38, which is proposed to act as an inhibitor of mTORC1." SIGNOR-232208 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 11887937 t gcesareni "Activation of estrogen receptor-alpha (eralpha) by growth factors in the absence of estrogen is a well-documented phenomenon.Egfr tyrosine kinase in vitro stimulated the phosphorylation of recombinant er" SIGNOR-115734 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser295 LQASVPGsVPGVLGP -1 16027724 t "GSK-3, p38 and CDK2 can phosphorylate Cdx2 through the 4S motif in vitro, but only CDK2 was shown to be active in vivo. the compound mutant 4S>A (serines 281, 285, 289 and 293 replaced by alanines)" SIGNOR-251230 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f lperfetto "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253681 TAF12 protein Q16514 UNIPROT ATF7 protein P17544 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 15735663 t miannu "We show that overexpression of hsTAF12 potentiates ATF7-induced transcriptional activation through direct interaction with ATF7, suggesting that TAF12 is a functional partner of ATF7." SIGNOR-225249 risperidone chemical CHEBI:8871 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258525 ATRX protein P46100 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25417162 t lperfetto "ATRX is a required specificity determinant for PRC2 targeting and function." SIGNOR-241890 M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 32454942 f miannu "Macrophages and microglia show a high plasticity and have been arbitrarily classified into “M1” (proinflammatory) and “M2” (prorepair, anti-inflammatory) phenotypes depending on their activation state, although it is now widely accepted that this classification is hugely oversimplified, particularly for microglia, and only partially reflects the real situation. According to the M1/M2 model, M1 polarized cells are characterized by the release of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF, IL-1β, and IFNγ" SIGNOR-263826 RNF128 protein Q8TEB7 UNIPROT CD83 protein Q01151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys192 LPVTSPNkHLGLVTP 9606 BTO:0000007 19542455 t miannu "In this study, we show that GRAIL can down-modulate the expression of CD83 (previously described as a cell surface marker for mature dendritic cells) on CD4 T cells. GRAIL-mediated down-modulation of CD83 is dependent on an intact GRAIL extracellular protease-associated domain and an enzymatically active cytosolic RING domain, and proceeds via the ubiquitin-dependent 26S proteosome pathway. Ubiquitin modification of lysine residues K168 and K183, but not K192, in the cytoplasmic domain of CD83 was shown to be necessary for GRAIL-mediated degradation of CD83." SIGNOR-271849 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1540 KSPEKRSsLPRPSSI -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250163 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT SLC34A3 protein Q8N130 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 28363951 f lperfetto "PTH inhibits reabsorption of phosphate from the glomerular filtrate in RPT by decreasing the abundance of sodium-phosphate co-transporters NPT2a and NPT2c on the apical membrane, thus enhancing renal phosphate excretion" SIGNOR-270557 tyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:15760 ChEBI dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Under specific conditions, dopamine can also be synthesized by a minor pathway, in which L-tyrosine is converted into p-tyramine (mediated by AADC), with subsequent hydroxylation to dopamine by the enzyme CYP2D6 (Cytochrome P450 2D6) which is found in the substantia nigra of human brain¬†" SIGNOR-264176 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr284 APTRTPAtAPVPARA 9606 18971944 t llicata "Chk2 formed a complex with xrcc1, the ber scaffold protein, and phosphorylated xrcc1 in vivo and in vitro at thr(284). our results are consistent with the phosphorylation of xrcc1 by atm-chk2 facilitating recruitment of downstream ber proteins to the initial damage recognition/excision step to promote ber." SIGNOR-181816 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20338993 f miannu "The activated c-Jun protein has been proven to activate binding to the MMP-13 promoter and also upregulate the amount of MMP-13." SIGNOR-254539 WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT SLC29A4 protein Q7RTT9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 18523561 t lperfetto "ENT4 is transcriptionally activated by both isoforms of EWS/WT1 as evidenced by promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses." SIGNOR-268985 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PLIN1 protein O60240 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser220 KAKPSLLsRVGALTN 10090 11751901 t miannu "PKA increased lipolysis in cells expressing Peri A because it abrogated the inhibitory actions of Peri A on lipolysis.‚  amino-terminal PKA sites (Ser-81, Ser-222, and Ser-276)" SIGNOR-250028 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT OTC protein P00480 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255062 ELF3 protein P78545 UNIPROT SPRR2A protein P35326 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 10773884 f "Interestingly, ELF3 suppressed basal keratin 4 promoter activity in both esophageal and cervical epithelial cancer cell lines, a novel result, while simultaneously activating the late-differentiation linked SPRR2A promoter." SIGNOR-254292 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser268 SDEFRPRsKSQSSSN -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251288 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 17686459 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that jnk3 can phosphorylate smac. Phosphorylation of smac by jnk3 attenuates its interaction with xiap. These results suggest that jnk3 activity can attenuate the progression of apoptosis through a novel mechanism of action, the down-regulation of interaction between smac and xiap." SIGNOR-157280 P2RY4 protein P51582 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256870 PYY protein P10082 UNIPROT NPY5R protein Q15761 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11825645 t esanto "Maml3 forms complexes in vivo with icn and csl and functiosn as transcriptional coactivators for notch signaling." SIGNOR-114749 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser346 RAPSRKDsLESDSST 9606 23337587 t gcesareni "Interestingly, sufu stability is regulated via dual phosphorylation at ser342/ser346 by pka and gsk3, and blocking sufu phosphorylation either by mutating ser346 to ala or by treating cultured cells with pka inhibitors attenuates sufu ciliary accumulation, whereas phospho-mimetic forms of sufu exhibits increased ciliary localization" SIGNOR-119099 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ANXA2 protein P07355 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr24 HSTPPSAyGSVKAYT 9606 15302870 t lperfetto "Translocation requires the presence of the annexin 2 binding partner p11 (s100a10) and the phosphorylation of annexin 2 at tyr23 through a src-like tyrosine kinase-dependent mechanism both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-127872 terbutaline chemical CHEBI:9449 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257870 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 15282549 t gcesareni "Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation" SIGNOR-127304 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9534 BTO:0000298 10880354 t miannu "Ser(155) is phosphorylated preferentially by PKA in vitro and is the only residue in BAD that becomes phosphorylated when cells are exposed to cAMP-elevating agents. The phosphorylation of BAD at Ser(155) prevents it from binding to Bcl-X(L) and promotes its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins." SIGNOR-250338 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA2 protein Q9Y5H1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265691 FBXO15 protein Q8NCQ5 UNIPROT CRLS1 protein Q9UJA2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0005816 24703837 t miannu "Fbxo15 Targets CLS1 Protein for Ubiquitination and Degradation to Disrupt Mitochondrial Function. S. aureus infection induces expression of a kinase, PINK1, that phosphorylates an indispensable protein CLS1, which in turn triggers CLS1 ubiquitination and degradation by the F box protein (SCFFbxo15)." SIGNOR-272170 CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257037 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser667 SSLIRKRsTRRSVRG 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272506 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT Protein_aggregates phenotype SIGNOR-PH142 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000312 22051914 f lperfetto "Similarly, cytoplasmic inclu- sions containing mutant fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein have been observed in some patients with FUS-related FALS." SIGNOR-262277 amitriptyline chemical CHEBI:2666 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258702 ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT CLTC protein Q00610 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20639872 t gcesareni "Clathrin heavy-chain interacts with atg16l1, and is involved in the formation of atg16l1-positive early autophagosome precursors." SIGNOR-166702 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT CDON/BOC/PTCH1 complex SIGNOR-C95 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 21664576 t lperfetto "Secreted Hedgehog (HH) ligands signal through the canonical receptor Patched (PTCH1). However, recent studies implicate three additional HH-binding, cell-surface proteins, GAS1, CDO, and BOC, as putative coreceptors for HH ligands." SIGNOR-209596 "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268602 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser472 RPHFPQFsYSASGRE 9534 BTO:0001538 12162751 t lperfetto "Full activation of the PKB enzyme requires phosphorylation of a threonine in the activation" SIGNOR-249153 HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT FXYD2 protein P54710 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19389850 f Regulation miannu "We analyzed genes associated with hypermagnesuria and detected highly conserved HNF1 recognition sites in FXYD2, a gene that can cause autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria when mutated. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated HNF1B-mediated transactivation of FXYD2." SIGNOR-251927 CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257363 HOXC10 protein Q9NYD6 UNIPROT LAMB2 protein P55268 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0000298 10835276 t Luana "The specificity of binding of these two proteins to the Lamin B2 origin is confirmed by both band-shift and in vitro footprinting assays. In addition, the ability of HOXC10 and HOXC13 to increase the activity of a promoter containing the 74 bp sequence, as assayed by CAT-assay experiments, demonstrates a direct interaction of these homeoproteins with the origin sequence in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-261645 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM51 protein Q9BSJ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270962 HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257154 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser24 APIRRRSsNYRAYAT 9606 18550549 t gcesareni "Src phosphorylates pkcdelta at tyr311 and tyr332 leading to enhanced pkcdelta autophosphorylation at thr505 (its activation loop) and pkcdelta-dependent ctni phosphorylation at both ser23/ser24 and thr144." SIGNOR-178884 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser124 PALKRSHsDSLDHDI 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "The signal for ubiquitination after uv and ir exposure is created by phosphorylation of cdc25a mediated by chk1 and chk2, respectively. Chk1 is a major kinase phosphorylating cdc25a (ser76/124) and cdc25c (ser216)." SIGNOR-163134 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr9 ARTTSQLyDAVPIQS 10029 12738763 t lperfetto "Ret/ptc (rearranged in transformation/papillary thyroid carcinomas) tyrosine kinase phosphorylates and activates phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (pdk1) ret/ptc phosphorylates a specific tyrosine (y9) residue located in the n-terminal region of pdk1." SIGNOR-235863 pimozide chemical CHEBI:8212 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258841 CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256873 CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264488 BACE1 protein P56817 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp616 EISEVKMdAEFRHDS 9606 10931940 t lperfetto "Figure 6 Preferred BACE1 and BACE2 cleavage sites. (A) Sequence of APP indicating α- and β-cleavage sites, BACE1- and BACE2-cleavage sites, and the location of mutations analyzed here. APP numbering is that of the 770-aa isoform." SIGNOR-261763 O-phosphonato-L-serine(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57524 ChEBI 3-phosphonatooxypyruvate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18110 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 3702 30034403 t lperfetto "Phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate (3-PHP) to 3-phosphoserine (PSer) in an L-glutamate (Glu)-linked reversible transamination reaction." SIGNOR-268564 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 15115814 t lperfetto "AMPA glutamate receptor subunit (GluR1)" SIGNOR-261432 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser275 LSAFRRTsLAGGGRR 9606 BTO:0000562 17075052 t gcesareni "The triple aspartic acid mutation shows greater distance between the two thick myosin filaments (affects the steric arrangement of the filament distances) in heart tissue. Mutation is cardioprotective during stress (ischemia-reprofusion injury) against apoptosis similar to isoproterenol treatment." SIGNOR-150347 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2 sSKRAKAK 9606 22136066 t lperfetto "Rlc can also be phosphorylated at ser1/ser2/thr9 by protein kinase c (pkc). Biophysical studies show that phosphorylation at these sites leads to an increase in the km of myosin light chain kinase (mlck) for rlc, thereby indirectly inhibiting myosin ii activity." SIGNOR-177940 "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30037851 t miannu "NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). " SIGNOR-264221 CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "As pka suppresses the activity of gli, smo might use the stimulation of pi3k by galfai and gbetagamma subu- nits to block pka in cells that have high levels of camp." SIGNOR-152594 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT GTSE1 protein Q9NYZ3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser435 RSIRRRDsCLNSKTK 9606 20577264 t lperfetto "In this study, we show that g2 and s-phase-expressed 1 (gtse1) protein, a negative regulator of p53, is required for g2 checkpoint recovery and that plk1 phosphorylation of gtse1 at ser 435 promotes its nuclear localization, and thus shuttles p53 out of the nucleus to lead to its degradation during the recovery." SIGNOR-166417 LPR5/6 complex SIGNOR-C219 SIGNOR GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19107203 t "PPPSPxS motif in LRP6/5 must be phosphorylated." miannu "These observations demonstrate that phosphorylated lrp6/5 both recruits and directly inhibits gsk3beta using two distinct portions of its cytoplasmic sequence. binding of wnts to the coreceptors frizzled and lrp6/5 leads to phosphorylation of pppspxs motifs in the lrp6/5 intracellular region and the inhibition of gsk3beta bound to the scaffold protein axin." SIGNOR-256177 LY2784544 chemical CID:46213929 PUBCHEM JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193796 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr206 RLERGQEyLILEKND 9606 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (tfks) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the sh3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism. Here, we could confirm that y223 is the only site in the btk-sh3 domain being detectably phosphorylated" SIGNOR-98090 "very long-chain (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:85440 ChEBI "very long-chain 2,3-trans-enoyl CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83728 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18554507 t miannu "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases.We also established that the HACD proteins interact with ELOVL proteins. Our analyses have completed the identification of mammalian enzymes responsible for the entire VLCFA elongation cycle." SIGNOR-267916 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257522 KIFC1 protein Q9BW19 UNIPROT Cell_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH38 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33361741 f miannu "Kinesin Family Member C1 (KIFC1) Regulated by Centrosome Protein E (CENPE) Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Ovarian Cancer" SIGNOR-266115 SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "In addition to direct binding of grb2 to phosphotyrosine residues of receptor kinases, grb2 can also be recruited to the receptor by binding to shc when shc is tyrosine phosphorylated as a result of receptor stimulation." SIGNOR-146897 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257921 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259024 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9670020 t lperfetto "Smad2 and Smad3 form homo-oligomers upon phosphorylation by the constitutively active TGF-beta type I receptor, and this oligomerization does not require Smad4" SIGNOR-232149 CENPC protein Q03188 UNIPROT "CENP-A nucleosome" complex SIGNOR-C321 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20566683 t miannu "CENP-C is required for centromere assembly. CENP-C and CENP-N bind to different sites on the same CENP-A nucleosomes. CENP-C, like CENP-N, interacts directly and specifically with CENP-A nucleosomes." SIGNOR-263706 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT HPSE protein Q9Y251 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001671;BTO:0001345 16007175 t "Promoter CpG hypomethylation and transcription factor EGR1 hyperactivate heparanase expression in bladder cancer." SIGNOR-254267 AGRN protein O00468 UNIPROT CHRNB3 protein Q05901 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002916 14502292 t miannu "Treatment of muscle cells with neural agrin causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the AChR β subunit and induces AChR clustering by promoting anchoring of the receptor protein to postsynaptic cytoskeleton. Regulation of acetylcholine receptor clustering by the tumor suppressor APC. By showing a direct requirement for APC in AChR clustering, our present study suggests that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may crosstalk with the agrin signaling cascade during the formation of mammalian neuromuscular junction." SIGNOR-264260 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 12485996 t lperfetto "Strikingly, as well as H2AX, the nucleosome core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 were all ubiquitylated efficiently by BRCA1/BARD1, while the linker histone H1 was not (Figure 3).| Generally, histone proteins are required for compaction of nuclear DNA into chromatin, and their modification is thought to loosen this compaction. Therefore, one might envisage that ubiquitylation of γH2AX by BRCA1/BARD1 at DNA breaks modulates local chromatin packaging to facilitate the action of DNA repair enzymes." SIGNOR-263234 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT CCR5 protein P51681 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser336 QEAPERAsSVYTRST 9534 BTO:0000298 10085131 t "Serine residues at positions 336, 337, 342, and 349 represent GRK phosphorylation sites on CCR5. CCR5 phosphorylation and desensitization through a GRK-mediated mechanism" SIGNOR-251463 Norbinaltorphimine chemical CHEBI:81529 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258820 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KCNMA1 protein Q12791 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1200 SHSSQSSsKKSSSVH 9606 19592459 t gcesareni "Results showed that mutating s1076 altered the effect of pkc activation on bk(ca) channels in hek-293 cells" SIGNOR-186755 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser107 AGMGPHLsPSLSPLG 9606 22196886 t lperfetto "Here, we show that ikk_, an important downstream kinase of tnf_, interacts with and phosphorylates foxa2 at s107/s111, thereby suppressing foxa2 transactivation activity and leading to decreased numb expression" SIGNOR-195312 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 8622669 t lperfetto "Mkk3 is a protein kinase that phosphorylates and activates p38 map kinase but does not phosphorylate the related jnk or erk map kinases. MKK3 is therefore a specific activator of p38 MAP kinase that is independent of the JNK and ERK signaling pathways." SIGNOR-40356 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr681 QRHKRTHtGEKKFAC 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 18258854 t llicata "Here we have used a variety of approaches to identify 3 amino acids (thr668, ser670, and thr681) in the zinc finger domain of sp1 that are modified by pkc-zeta angiotensin ii, which activates pkc-? Phosphorylation (at thr410) via the angiotensin ii type 1 receptor, stimulates sp1 phosphorylation and increases sp1 binding to the platelet-derived growth factor-d promoter." SIGNOR-160774 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT IL10RB protein Q08334 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 11035029 t fspada "The il-10r2 chain is ubiquitously expressed, whereas the il-10 activity is restricted mainly to cells of hematopoietic origin (35, 36). This raised the question of why the second chain of the il-10 receptor complex is widely expressed when its function was required only in limited cellular subsets. One hypothesis is that the il-10r2 chain is shared by receptors for ligands other than il-10" SIGNOR-83191 "vincaleukoblastine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:9984 ChEBI TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15579115 t miannu "Tubulin binding molecules have generated considerable interest after the successful introduction of the taxanes into clinical oncology and the widespread use of the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. These compounds inhibit cell mitosis by binding to the protein tubulin in the mitotic spindle and preventing polymerization into the MTs." SIGNOR-259256 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr103 LIDATGDtPGAEDDE 9606 BTO:0000298 12756254 t lperfetto "Recruitment of jnk to jip1 and jnk-dependent jip1 phosphorylation regulates jnk module dynamics and activation it was observed that phosphorylation by jnk of jip1 on thr-103 and not other phosphorylated jip1 residues is necessary for the regulation of dlk association with jip1, dlk activation, and subsequent module activation." SIGNOR-101201 "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR CLEC1B protein Q9P126 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19785988 t miannu "In this study, we reported that RACK1, the receptor for activated C-kinase 1, associated with the cytoplasmic tail of CLEC-2. Moreover, overexpression of RACK1 decreased the stability of CLEC-2 through promoting its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, without impairing surface expression and downstream signaling of CLEC-2. Taken together, these results suggest RACK1 as a novel modulator of CLEC-2 expression.Previous reports indicated that RACK1 mediated ubiquitin–proteasome degradation of HIF-1a and BimEL by recruiting Elongin-C/B ubiquitin ligase complex" SIGNOR-272783 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11375397 t lperfetto "Cbl proteins function as ubiquitin protein ligases for the activated epidermal growth factor receptor and, thus, negatively regulate its activity." SIGNOR-236519 PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11702783 f gcesareni "Here, we report that pea-15, a protein variably expressed in multiple cell types, blocks erk-dependent transcription and proliferation by binding erks and preventing their localization in the nucleus._ Pea-15 can redirect the biological outcome of map kinase signaling by regulating the subcellular localization of erk map kinase." SIGNOR-111499 DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256771 CENPN protein Q96H22 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265210 NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 9606 21317932 t gcesareni "Here we showed that in the presence of wild-type lkb1, nuak1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates p53 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-172012 PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21620138 t "PKM2 interacts directly with the HIF-1Œ± subunit and promotes transactivation of HIF-1 target genes by enhancing HIF-1 binding and p300 recruitment to hypoxia response elements," SIGNOR-268150 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 PPQTSGLsPSRLSKS 9606 20233713 t gcesareni "The identification of maf1 as an mtor-regulated phosphoprotein implicates mtor in the broader regulatory mechanisms governing pol iii activity in cancer cells." SIGNOR-164348 "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269028 BCORL1 protein Q5H9F3 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17379597 t irozzo "BCoR-L1 interacts with Class II HDACs, HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC7, suggesting that they are involved in its function as transcriptional corepressor." SIGNOR-259113 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide chemical CHEBI:94504 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191430 progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17252 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000048;BTO:0000050 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268649 RNF185 protein Q96GF1 UNIPROT BNIP1 protein Q12981 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21931693 t miannu "RNF185 functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase, enabling BNIP1-p62 interaction. Here we show that human RNF185 is a mitochondrial ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates selective mitochondrial autophagy in cultured cells.  Human BNIP1 colocalizes with RNF185 at mitochondria and is polyubiquitinated by RNF185 through K63-based ubiquitin linkage in vivo. The polyubiquitinated BNIP1 is capable of recruiting autophagy receptor p62, which simultaneously binds both ubiquitin and LC3 to link ubiquitination and autophagy. RNF185 interacts with BNIP1 and ATG5" SIGNOR-271931 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 GGRERLAsTNDKGSM 9606 BTO:0000150 19940156 t lperfetto "Here, we show that ikkepsilon interacts with and phosphorylates estrogen receptor alpha (eralpha) on serine 167 in vitro and in vivo. As a result, ikkepsilon induces eralpha transactivation activity and enhances eralpha binding to dna." SIGNOR-161834 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF3J protein O75822 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser127 LKKLQEEsDLELAKE 9606 BTO:0000007 25887626 t miannu "CK2 phosphorylates the eIF3j subunit at Ser127. CK2-phosphorylation of eIF3j triggers its association with the eIF3 complex." SIGNOR-266402 PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT GCK protein P35557 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8866550 f miannu "The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays a primary role in the glucose-responsive secretion of insulin, and defects of this enzyme can cause NIDDM. As a step toward understanding the molecular basis of glucokinase (GK) gene regulation, we assessed the structure and regulation of the human GK gene beta-cell-type promoter. The results of reporter gene analyses using HIT-T15 cells revealed that the gene promoter was comprised of multiple cis-acting elements, including two primarily important cis-motifs: a palindrome structure, hPal-1, and the insulin gene cis-motif A element-like hUPE3. While both elements were bound specifically by nuclear proteins, it was the homeodomain-containing transcription factor insulin promoter factor 1 (IPF1)/STF-1/PDX-1 that bound to the hUPE3 site: IPF1, when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, became bound to the hUPE3 site and activated transcription." SIGNOR-254911 KCNIP3 protein Q9Y2W7 UNIPROT PDYN protein P01213 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12667101 f miannu "As a transcriptional repressor, DREAM may control the expression of the endogenous opioid gene prodynorphin amongst others, and itself is exquisitely regulated by second messenger molecules, protein kinases and other transcription factors." SIGNOR-254540 NBAS protein A2RRP1 UNIPROT "NRZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C358 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25364732 t lperfetto "NRZ complex, which comprises NAG, RINT1, and ZW10, is also involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, but each component of the complex has diverse cellular functions including endosome-to-Golgi transport, cytokinesis, cell cycle checkpoint, autophagy, and mRNA decay." SIGNOR-265024 EXOC5 protein O00471 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270788 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0005907 25026211 t miannu "CRL4 DCAF1 ubiquitylates and inhibits Lats." SIGNOR-272229 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr905 DVYEEDSyVKRSQGR 9606 16778204 t "The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase J antagonizes the biochemical and biological effects of RET-derived oncoproteins.|PTPRJ expression induces dephosphorylation of the RET(C634R) and, probably via an indirect mechanism, RET/PTC1 oncoproteins on two key RET autophosphorylation sites (Tyr1062 and Tyr905). This results in a significant decrease of RET-induced Shc and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation levels" SIGNOR-248701 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT GRB14 protein Q14449 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 QGRSGCSsQSISPMR -1 28130417 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of clustered serine residues in the N-terminus of BPS domain negatively regulates formation of the complex between human Grb14 and insulin receptor| In vitro kinase assay using the motif-derived peptides showed that the serine residues located in N-terminal (Ser358, Ser362 and Ser366) and C-terminal (Ser419 and Ser423) regions of the BPS domain were phosphorylated by GSK-3." SIGNOR-264870 OGDC complex SIGNOR-C397 SIGNOR NADH smallmolecule CHEBI:16908 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15953811 t miannu "The Œ±-ketoglutarate‚Äìdehydrogenase complex is a complex including multiple copies of three proteins: E1k (Œ±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), E2k (dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase), and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (Fig. 2). The consecutive action of the three catalytic components of KGDHC results in oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, preserving the energy in the form of succinylCoA and NADH." SIGNOR-266259 IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 15695813 t lperfetto "Although the name implies that it functions as a GTPase-activating protein, IQGAP1 actually stabilizes Cdc42 and Rac1 in the active, GTP-bound form (5, 8, 17). Thus, IQGAP1 acts as an “anti-GTPase-activating protein” for Cdc42 and Rac1, with marked effects on the cytoskeleton. " SIGNOR-261889 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT GRB14 protein Q14449 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 GCSSQSIsPMRSISE -1 28130417 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of clustered serine residues in the N-terminus of BPS domain negatively regulates formation of the complex between human Grb14 and insulin receptor| In vitro kinase assay using the motif-derived peptides showed that the serine residues located in N-terminal (Ser358, Ser362 and Ser366) and C-terminal (Ser419 and Ser423) regions of the BPS domain were phosphorylated by GSK-3." SIGNOR-264872 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256774 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 FLKDHRIsTFKNWPF 9606 21148584 t lperfetto "Thus, we conclude that plk1-mediated phosphorylation of sur at ser20 is critical for accurate chromosome segregation|SUR (survivin)" SIGNOR-170460 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser364 FGQRDRSsSAPNVHI 9606 10869359 t gcesareni "We show that phosphorylation of b-raf by akt occurs at multiple residues within its amino terminal regulatory domain, at both the conserved and unique phosphorylation sites. Akt phosphorylated b-raf on s364 and s428 to inactivate its kinase activity b-raf contains three akt consensus sites, table i. One site, ser364 is conserved with c-raf;however, two sites, ser428 and thr439, are unique to b-raf" SIGNOR-78681 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264304 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR IL18 protein Q14116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp76 MTDSDCRdNAPRTIF 9606 BTO:0001370 9334240 t lperfetto "Involvement of caspase-1 and caspase-3 in the production and processing of mature human interleukin 18 in monocytic THP.1 cells.|Further analyses of the partially purified enzymes revealed that one is caspase-1, which cleaves prohIL-18 at the Asp36-Tyr37 site to generate the mature hIL-18, and the other is caspase-3, which cleaves both precursor and mature hIL-18 at Asp71-Ser72 and Asp76-Asn77 to generate biologically inactive products." SIGNOR-256379 "sphingosine 1-phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60119 ChEBI S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257578 MKX protein Q8IYA7 UNIPROT SOX5 protein P35711 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001592 33115953 t miannu "MKX is a meniscus-enriched transcription factor. In human meniscus cells, MKX regulates the expression of meniscus marker genes, OA-related genes, and other transcription factors, including Scleraxis (SCX), SRY Box 5 (SOX5), and Runt domain-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)." SIGNOR-267214 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 AEAFLGFsYAPPTDS 9606 SIGNOR-C3 18570873 t llicata "Mtor phosphorylated sgk1, but not sgk1-s422a, in vitro. Sgk1 phosphorylated p27 in vitro. These data implicate sgk1 as an mtorc1 (mtor-raptor) substrate. mtor may promote g1 progression in part through sgk1 activation" SIGNOR-179113 "N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94306 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000785 31016515 t Gianni "We explored the anti-tumor effect and the molecular mechanism of cay10603, a potent HDAC6 inhibitor in Burkitt's lymphoma cells." SIGNOR-262205 MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 9841871 t lperfetto "When truncated mapkkk4 (deltamapkkk4) was overexpressed in hek293 cells, it was constitutively activeco-expressed map kinase kinase (mkk)-1, mkk-4, mkk-3 and mkk-6 were activated in vivo by deltamapkkk4. All of the above mkks purified from escherichia coli were phosphorylated and activated by deltamapkkk4 immunoprecipitates in vitro." SIGNOR-62372 ELOVL6 protein Q9H5J4 UNIPROT 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267894 FCER1 complex SIGNOR-C200 SIGNOR SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000830 16470226 f "Alessandro Palma" "It is clear that these initial signalling events involve coalescence of the aggregated receptors with specialized microdomains of the plasma membrane known as lipid rafts9, activation of SRC-family kinases and, subsequently, tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor subunits" SIGNOR-254963 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 11154267 f lperfetto "Expression of Cdc25A is transcriptionally regulated by Myc and E2F-1 , both of which are expressed in MCF-7 cells in response to estrogen" SIGNOR-245468 AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 21145499 t milica "Because we found that multiple domains of taz/yap interacted with multiple components of the crumbs complex, which include pals1, lin7c, patj, and the crumbs regulator amot, we propose that this multifactoral interaction serves to ensure that assembly of the hippo pathway and efficient phosphorylation of taz/yap is coupled only by the assembly of the crumbs complex, rather than by any single component." SIGNOR-170364 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr246 LPRPRLNtSDFQKLK 9606 BTO:0000007 12524439 t gcesareni "1) PRAS40 was phosphorylated in vitro by purified Akt on the same site that was phosphorylated in insulin-treated cells; 2) activation of an inducible Akt was alone sufficient to stimulate the phosphorylation of PRAS40; and 3) cells lacking Akt1 and Akt2 exhibit a diminished ability to phosphorylate this protein" SIGNOR-248046 "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 14684878 t miannu "Here we show that cortactin is concentrated with F-actin in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons but is redistributed to the dendritic shaft in response to NMDA receptor activation. these findings indicate that the translocation of cortactin is induced by the activation of NMDA receptors." SIGNOR-266600 HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "The histone deacetylase hdac-5, upon dephosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus, directly inactivates mef2, preventing myogenesis." SIGNOR-84026 ZMYM2 protein Q9UBW7 UNIPROT NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004593 31363497 t miannu "In this work, we identified ZMYM2/ZFP198, which physically associates with NANOG as a key negative regulator of NANOG-mediated reprogramming of both epiblast stem cells and somatic cells." SIGNOR-269802 ADORA1 protein P30542 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256840 citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Citrate is converted to cis-aconitate. This is catalyzed by aconitase. Cis-aconitate is an intermediate and is further converted to isocitrate by aconitase. Aconitase is involved in both reactions. In which first dehydration and then rehydration occur and as a result final product isocitrate is obtained." SIGNOR-266241 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Thr325 TELEPLCtPVVTCTP 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252357 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr397 EDEPEGDyEEVLEPE 9606 9104825 t "Lyn and Syk synergistically phosphorylate HS1, and that Tyr-378 and Tyr-397 of HS1 are the critical residues for its BCR-induced phosphorylation. tyrosine phosphorylation of HS1 is required for BCR-induced apoptosis and nuclear translocation of HS1 may be a prerequisite for B cell apoptosis. PMID: 9104825 PMCID: PMC2196252" SIGNOR-251401 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser163 KRFSFKKsFKLSGFS -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III." SIGNOR-248928 DRAM2 protein Q6UX65 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30755245 f irozzo "DRAM2 plays an oncogenic role in NSCLC via regulating p53 expression. Knockdown of DRAM2 caused an increase of p53 and p21 expression, and overexpression of p53 caused a decrease of DRAM2 expression." SIGNOR-259147 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29958106 t miannu "RUNX1 represses MYC expression through direct binding at three downstream enhancer elements" SIGNOR-260093 5-(2-propoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrotriazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-one chemical CHEBI:92215 ChEBI GPR35 protein Q9HC97 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257506 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 19319192 t miannu "We previously showed that the level of MAFbx protein increased in skeletal muscle during aging and/or food deprivation. Immunoprecipitation of the SCFMAFbx complexes from mouse atrophic muscles exhibited ubiquitination activity by using MyoD as substrate. Food deprivation and oxidative stress–induced atrophy increase polyubiquitination by the SCFMAFbx pathway and degradation of MyoD by the proteasome" SIGNOR-271802 NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "Neurofilament bundle assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH72 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 8376466 f miannu "Neurofilaments (NFs), composed of three distinct subunits NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H, are neuron-specific intermediate filaments present in most mature neurons." SIGNOR-252392 ZNF804A protein Q7Z570 UNIPROT STAT2 protein P52630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005397 34364876 t miannu "Together these results indicate the formation of ZNF804A:STAT2 protein complex and its translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus upon IFN stimulation, suggesting that it may function as a signal transducer that activates IFN-mediated gene expression programs." SIGNOR-269460 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C322 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24311584 t miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression. However, no structural differences between H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 have been reported. In the present study, the crystal structures of nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 were determined." SIGNOR-263718 BAP1 protein Q92560 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 26470845 t lperfetto "Since we found that ASXL1 and BAP1 both are enriched at the INK4B locus, our results suggest that activation of the INK4B locus requires ASXL1/BAP1-mediated deubiquitinylation of H2AK119ub1." SIGNOR-241656 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser25 AERGLGPsPAGDGPS 10090 BTO:0002572 23332762 t lperfetto "Ikk phosphorylates bad at serine-26 (ser26) and primes it for inactivation." SIGNOR-209776 NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19250911 t gcesareni "We performed glutathione s-transferase (gst) pull-down assays using extracts from hek293 cells overexpressing an ha-tagged nbr1(d50r) mutant, which lacks the ability to bind p62 (lamark et al., 2003) (figures s1a and s1b, available online), and gst fusions of six human atg8 homologs: gabarap, gabarapl1, gabarapl2, lc3a, lc3b, and lc3c. Indeed, nbr1 interacted with all these members of the mammalian atg8 protein family" SIGNOR-184261 DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT SH2D2A protein Q9NP31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 t miannu "Our findings now further suggest that STAT3 and the adaptor protein SH2D2A interact with tyrosine‐containing motifs within the DSCAM/L1 ICDs. The SH2 domains of both STAT3 and SH2D2A are known to bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the context of such motifs. Thus, the interactions between DSCAMs and SH2‐domain containing proteins seem to play a central and conserved role in Dscam signaling in the context of dynamic changes of tyrosine‐phosphorylation levels." SIGNOR-264279 MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 25545242 t lperfetto "In this study, we found a novel motif, LRSKSRSFQVSDEQY, in the C-terminal fragment of MMP-3/7-cleaved mouse OPN binds to α9β1 integrin. Importantly, this novel motif is involved in the development of anti-type II collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). This study provides the first in vitro and in vivo evidence that OPN cleavage by MMP-3/7 is an important regulatory mechanism for CAIA." SIGNOR-253320 EID1 protein Q9Y6B2 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates 11073990 f lperfetto "Thus, EID-1 binds both Rb and p300 and is a novel repressor of MyoD function." SIGNOR-253378 CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C17 7880537 t gcesareni "Cdc25 dephosphorylates cdc2/cdk1 within the activation loop of the kinase domain to achieve full activity of the cyclin-cdk complex" SIGNOR-34541 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser396 NIKSEPVsPPRDRTT BTO:0003166 16478538 t llicata "Phosphorylation-facilitated sumoylation of MEF2C negatively regulates its transcriptional activity. | Intriguingly, we show that phosphorylation of S396 in MEF2C, a residue in close proximity to the major sumoylation site (K391) and known to be phosphorylated in vivo, enhances sumoylation of delta- N2-MEF2C in vitro. The S396A mutation reduces sumoylation of MEF2C in vivo and enhances the transcription activity of MEF2C in reporter assays. | CDK1/Cyclin B1 phosphorylated GST-MEF2C-ΔN2-WT to a greater extent than the MEF2C-ΔN2-S396A mutant, suggesting that Cdk1/Cyclin B1 can phosphorylate MEF2C at S396." SIGNOR-250719 POU3F2 protein P20265 UNIPROT POU3F2 protein P20265 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11029584 t miannu "These experiments lead to the conclusion that the full-length Brn-2 protein can interact with full-length Brn-2. Assay of homodimerization properties of Brn-2 protein on the b2s1 dimer recognition sequence also demonstrated cooperativity, indicating that protein-protein contacts would be important for synergistic interactions between the Brn-2 subunits." SIGNOR-221824 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser12 TKRTADSsSSEDEEE 9606 21245376 t gcesareni "Hp1_ was multiply phosphorylated at n-terminal serine residues (s11-14) in human and mouse cells and that this phosphorylation enhanced hp1_'s affinity for h3k9me. Unphosphorylatable mutant hp1_ exhibited severe heterochromatin localization defects in vivo, and its prolonged expression led to increased chromosomal instability." SIGNOR-171699 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269824 Laminin-5 complex SIGNOR-C184 SIGNOR "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 8832392 t lperfetto "The initial adhesion of PA-JEB and normal keratinocytes to laminin-1 and laminin-5, both ligands for alpha 6 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 4, was similar." SIGNOR-253253 TFAP4 protein Q01664 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 19505873 t miannu "We also observed moderately increased recruitment of CTCF, HDAC1, and SP1 by the full-length AP-4 onto the WT DNA beads." SIGNOR-226590 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16862148 t acerquone "Rock phosphorylates filgap, and this phosphorylation stimulates its racgap activity and is a requirement for filgap-mediated bleb formation" SIGNOR-148262 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT SLC26A3 protein P40879 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 7935445 f miannu "Ets-1 activates the DRA promoter in B cells." SIGNOR-254085 4-{[(7R)-8-cyclopentyl-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-2-yl]amino}-3-methoxy-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzamide chemical CHEBI:49868 ChEBI PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258078 FANCI protein Q9NVI1 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia ID complex" complex SIGNOR-C302 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17412408 t lperfetto "Immunoprecipitation of HA-FLAG-tagged FANCI expressed in 293T cells with antibodies against either HA or FLAG, but not MYC, resulted in coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous FANCD2|The FANCI protein associates with FANCD2 and, together, as the FANCI-FANCD2 (ID) complex, localize to chromatin in response to DNA damage." SIGNOR-263269 SMC6 protein Q96SB8 UNIPROT SMC5/6 complex SIGNOR-C374 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27427983 t miannu "The SMC5/6 complex, consisting of SMC5, SMC6, and non-SMC elements NSMCE1–6, has key roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity during mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair and is critical for genome stability. In particular, the SMC5/6 complex is involved in resolving intermediates during recombination (5, 6) and other complex DNA structures, such as stalled replication forks" SIGNOR-265482 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269609 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT JMJD1C protein Q15652 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000759 32034158 t miannu "We show that, by direct interaction with USF-1, JMJD1C is recruited to lipogenic promoters. We also show that JMJD1C is phosphorylated at T505 by mammalian target of rapamyci (mTOR) to be recruited to lipogenic genes in response to insulin/feeding." SIGNOR-265167 OPHN1 protein O60890 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000938 12932438 t miannu "OPHN-1 colocalized with the actin cytoskeleton in neuronal and glial cells. We have previously shown that OPHN1 stimulates GTPases activity of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 in vitro" SIGNOR-268397 CREB3L1 protein Q96BA8 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 35051932 f lperfetto "Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin gene expression by CREB3L1 and CAPRIN2|By luciferase assays, we demonstrate that CREB3L1 may be a transcription factor regulating Oxt gene expression. By RNA immunoprecipitation assays and northern blot analysis of Oxt mRNA poly(A) tails, we have found that CAPRIN2 binds Oxt mRNA and regulates its poly(A) tail length.|To investigate transcriptional regulation of the OXT gene by CREB3L1, we performed luciferase assays using a proximal Oxt promoter region transfected in HEK293T cells. The expression of full-length CREB3L1 (CREB3L1FL) and a constitutively active CREB3L1 (CREB3L1CA) significantly increased luciferase activity by 5.4- and 3.2-fold, respectively, compared with controls" SIGNOR-268555 GXYLT1 protein Q4G148 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates glycosylation 9606 22117070 t "Xylosylation in endoplasmic reticulum membrane" gcesareni "Activity on notch egf repeats was proven by in vitro xylosylation of a mouse notch1 fragment recombinantly produced in sf9 insect cells, a bacterially expressed egf repeat from mouse notch2 modified in vitro by rumi and gxylt2 and in vivo by co-expression of the enzyme with the notch1 fragment." SIGNOR-177691 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RGS13 protein O14921 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr41 SFENLMAtKYGPVVY 20974683 t miannu "Phosphorylation of RGS13 by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits RGS13 degradation.we show that PKA activation also leads to increased steady-state RGS13 expression through RGS13 phosphorylation, which inhibits RGS13 protein degradation. RGS13 phosphorylation was diminished by mutation of an N-terminal Thr residue (T41) identified as a phosphorylation site by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-259835 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 BTO:0000007 19759537 t "Using a quantitative chemical proteomic approach, we discovered that XAV939 stabilizes axin by inhibiting the poly-ADP-ribosylating enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2. Both tankyrase isoforms interact with a highly conserved domain of axin and stimulate its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-261249 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT IL7R protein P16871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22577461 f miannu "E2a positively regulates notch1 expression, which induces the expression of hebalt, bcl11b, and il7r." SIGNOR-197452 EIF2AK1 protein Q9BQI3 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser49 IEGMILLsELSRRRI 9606 3352609 t lperfetto "The wild-type and ser-48 mutant proteins became extensively phosphorylated by eif-2 kinases present in the reticulocyte lysate. These findings support the hypothesis that the serine 48 residue is required for high-affinity interaction between eif2 alpha(p) and eif2b." SIGNOR-24539 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser588 QTLSDSLsGSSLYST 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249684 NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15591535 f gcesareni "Our data suggest a mechanism for transrepression between two nuclear receptors, gr and ngfi-b." SIGNOR-132312 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF113A protein O15541 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270986 IRF9 protein Q00978 UNIPROT STAT2 protein P52630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9242679 t lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrate p48 association with STAT2 but not STAT1.The studies demonstrate the in vivo existence of a STAT2.p48 complex and a distinct STAT2.STAT1 complex after IFN-alpha stimulation. Data suggest that distinct bipartite complexes STAT2.p48 and STAT2.STAT1 translocate to the nucleus and associate on the DNA target site as ISGF3." SIGNOR-217806 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser33 LPENNVLsPLPSQAM 9606 BTO:0000093 17535811 t lperfetto "P38 regulates p53, but also in p53-defective tumor cells rewire their checkpoint response and become dependent in the p38/mk2 pathway in mcf-7 cells, p38 kinase activated p53 more effectively than other members of the ras pathway. p53 and p38 kinase exist in the same physical complex, and co-expression of p38 stabilized p53 protein. In vitro, p38 kinase phosphorylated p53 at ser33 and ser46, a newly identified site." SIGNOR-155242 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser537 PSLEPQKsLGDEGLN 11325525 t llicata "CaMK II phosphorylated PLCbeta3 but not PLCbeta1 in vitro. Phosphorylation occurred exclusively on 537Ser in the X-Y linker region of PLCbeta3. 537Ser was also phosphorylated in the basal state in cells and phosphorylation was enhanced by ionomycin treatment" SIGNOR-250689 PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256859 SSTR4 protein P31391 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256959 PFKFB4 protein Q16877 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser857 PPYNRAVsLDSPVSV 9606 BTO:0000007 29615789 t "PFKFB4, a regulatory enzyme that synthesizes an allosteric stimulator of glycolysis2, was found to be a robust stimulator of SRC-3 that co-activates estrogen receptor (ER). PFKFB4 phosphorylates SRC-3 at serine 857 (S857) enhancing its transcriptional activity, whereas either suppression of PFKFB4 or ectopic expression of a phosphorylation-deficient SRC-3 mutant S857A (SRC-3S857A) significantly abolishes SRC-3-mediated transcriptional output" SIGNOR-267269 MMUT protein P22033 UNIPROT (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57327 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 1978672 t miannu "Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) is an adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme that catalyses isomerization between methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA (3-carboxypropionyl-CoA)." SIGNOR-269108 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10078207 t miannu "The remodeling activity of brg1 and hbrm is stimulated by baf170/baf155 and is further stimulated when ini1 is added." SIGNOR-65181 TIMM22 protein Q9Y584 UNIPROT "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32901109 t lperfetto "Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex|In humans, TIM22 is a 440-kDa complex comprising at least six components: the hypothetical channel-forming protein Tim22, three small Tim proteins (Tim9, Tim10a and Tim10b), Tim29 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK)." SIGNOR-267706 PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT PDHA2 protein P29803 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS 9606 16436377 t gcesareni "Human pdh1 and rat pdh2 were expressed previously and were shown to have different specific activities and the ability to be phosphorylated by pdk1 and pdk2" SIGNOR-143966 U2AF1 protein Q01081 UNIPROT U2AF1/U2AF2 complex SIGNOR-C78 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8647433 t miannu "The splicing factor u2af (u2 snrnp auxiliary factor) is a heterodimer with subunits of 65 and 35 kd (u2af65 and u2af35)." SIGNOR-41945 UNC5A protein Q6ZN44 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268164 "PAX7/MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C90 SIGNOR MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 f miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198638 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2V2 protein Q15819 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271369 SMOC1 protein Q9H4F8 UNIPROT SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20359165 f Giorgia "The expression of several osteoblast differentiation markers (ALP, COL1, OPN, ON, BSP and OC) was higher in SMOC1-overexpressing cells than in emptyvector-expressing cells" SIGNOR-260385 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-269971 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259016 MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly775 NGPPGPAgSRGDGGP -1 17318226 t lperfetto "In vitro, MMP1 initiates degradation of native fibrillar collagens, crucial components of vertebrate extracellular matrix (ECM), by cleaving the peptide bond between Gly775–Ile776 or Gly775–Lys776 in native type I, II or III collagen molecules3,4. " SIGNOR-272337 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser706 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 9606 12058027 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we show that pkd2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase c (pkc) family such as pkc alpha, pkc epsilon, and pkc eta. These pkcs are activated by gastrin in ags-b cells. Thus, pkd2 is likely to be a novel downstream target of specific pkcs upon the stimulation of ags-b cells with gastrin." SIGNOR-89411 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 21297102 t gcesareni "Axitinib , a highly selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors taken orally, is approved for second-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (rcc) after failure of prior treatment with sunitinib or a cytokine." SIGNOR-171857 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 19860666 f gcesareni "GLI activators bind to GACCACCCA motif to regulate transcription of GLI1, PTCH1, PTCH2, HHIP1, MYCN, CCND1, CCND2, BCL2, CFLAR, FOXF1, FOXL1, PRDM1 (BLIMP1), JAG2, GREM1, and Follistatin" SIGNOR-188872 DLAT protein P10515 UNIPROT PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20160912 t miannu "The human (h) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (hPDC) consists of multiple copies of several components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), E3-binding protein (BP), and specific kinases and phosphatases. Mammalian PDC has a well organized structure with an icosahedral symmetry of the central E2/BP core to which the other component proteins bind non-covalently." SIGNOR-266546 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12270934 f lperfetto "Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), in the presence of dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxanthine, and insulin, induces a prolonged activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which lasts for at least 12 h post-induction, and this activity is less sensitive to the MEK inhibitors" SIGNOR-244865 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT DDAH2 protein O95865 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 QEALQKLsDVTLVPV 33850055 t lperfetto "TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a kinase downstream of MAVS, inhibited DDAH2 by phosphorylating DDAH2 at multiple sites. |The T203D, T211D, S245D, and S253D mutations significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of DDAH2 on RLR signaling, suggesting that phosphorylation of these residues was critical for DDAH2 to inhibit activation o" SIGNOR-275646 ALG1 protein Q9BT22 UNIPROT alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol) smallmolecule CHEBI:133994 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28575298 t lperfetto "The biosynthesis of eukaryotic lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) that act as donor substrates in eukaryotic protein N-glycosylation starts on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum and includes the sequential addition of five mannose units to dolichol-pyrophosphate-GlcNAc2. These reactions are catalyzed by the Alg1, Alg2 and Alg11 gene products and yield Dol-PP-GlcNAc2Man5, an LLO intermediate that is subsequently flipped to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum." SIGNOR-260418 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 DTATKSGsTTKNRFV 10090 8662663 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of eIF-4E on serine 209 by protein kinase C is inhibited by the translational repressors, 4E-binding proteins.[..] This suggests a two-step model for the phosphorylation (and activation) of eIF4E by growth factors and hormones: first, dissociation of eIF4E ." SIGNOR-248945 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RPL10 protein P27635 UNIPROT unknown -1 9016777 t lperfetto "QM is phosphorylated by PKC and the extent of phosphorylation by PKC is correlated with the extent of inhibition of binding of QM to c-Jun." SIGNOR-248957 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser274 TSPSPISsPTFSPIE 9606 23442801 t lperfetto "It suggests that gsk3_ activity is required for hbora-mediated mitotic entry through ser274 and ser278 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-201515 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr313 SSEPVGIyQGFEKKT 9534 BTO:0000298 11381116 t "The tyrosine phosphorylation sites of PKC delta in the H(2)O(2)-treated cells were identified as Tyr-311, Tyr-332, and Tyr-512 by mass spectrometric analysis with the use of the precursor-scan method and by immunoblot analysis with the use of phosphorylation site-specific antibodies. Tyr-311 was the predominant modification site among them. In an in vitro study, phosphorylation at this site by Lck, a non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase, enhanced the basal enzymatic activity and elevated its maximal velocity in the presence of diacylglycerol. phosphorylation at Tyr-311 between the regulatory and catalytic domains is a critical step for generation of the active PKC delta in response to H(2)O(2)." SIGNOR-251384 NTN1 protein O95631 UNIPROT UNC5 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF98 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268183 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ORC1 protein Q13415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser258 TSCASLDsPGRIKRK 9606 11931757 t lperfetto "Horc1p contains three (s/t)px(k/r) consensus sites for cdk phosphorylation (ser258, ser273, and thr375). These data combined strongly suggest that skp2 promotes horc1p turnover and that the n-terminal domain of horc1p, containing most of the phosphorylation sites and overlapping with one of the skp2-interacting domains, is a regulatory element for horc1p stability." SIGNOR-116321 SLC27A6 protein Q9Y2P4 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264467 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11283607 t gcesareni "Rock proteins are known to regulate mlc-phosphorylation, and apoptotic cells exhibit a gradual increase in levels of phosphorylated mlc concomitant with rock i cleavage." SIGNOR-106552 DAMPS stimulus SIGNOR-ST18 SIGNOR TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25644504 t "The innate immune system is present in almost all multicellular organisms and its activation occurs in response to pathogens or tissue injury via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)" SIGNOR-252096 oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5√¢‚Ǩ¬≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-267511 BRMS1 protein Q9HCU9 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 30416854 t miannu "Our results have showed that BRMS1 together with LSD1 are required for inhibition of breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that BRMS1 executes transcriptional suppression of breast cancer metastasis by associating with the LSD1 and thus can be targeted for breast cancer therapy." SIGNOR-266409 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser222 LPEILGDsQHADVGK 9606 12086603 t lperfetto "Atm phosphorylates fancd2 on serine 222 in vitro. This site is also phosphorylated in vivo in an atm-dependent manner following ir. Phosphorylation of fancd2 is required for activation of an s phase checkpoint. The atm-dependent phosphorylation of fancd2 on s222 and the fa pathway-dependent monoubiquitination of fancd2 on k561 are independent posttranslational modifications regulating discrete cellular signaling pathways." SIGNOR-90121 MGRN1 protein O60291 UNIPROT TSG101 protein Q99816 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17229889 t miannu "In the present study, we identified the first substrate of the Mahogunin E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase: TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting ESCRT machinery.We find that Mahogunin interacts with the ubiquitin E2 variant (UEV) domain of TSG101 via its PSAP motif and that it catalyzes monoubiquitylation of TSG101 both in vivo and in vitro.  Consistent with the results of the biochemical characterization and subcellular localization studies of Mahogunin, our functional studies provide direct evidence that Mahogunin plays an essential role in regulation of endosome-to-lysosome trafficking. We found that siRNA-mediated depletion of Mahogunin in HeLa cells causes enlargement and clustering of EEA1-positive endosomes and LAMP2-positive late endosomes/lysosomes (Figure 8B) and inhibits the endosomal trafficking of internalized EGF–EGFR complexes to lysosomes for degradation (Figures 9 and ​and10,10, A and B). These results are strikingly similar to the phenotypes that resulted from depletion of TSG101" SIGNOR-271635 "4-[6-[4-(methoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94742 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;ATP-competitive inhibitor mTOR" gcesareni SIGNOR-207809 GLS2 protein Q9UI32 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22049910 t miannu "Glutaminase (GLS1/2) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine to L-glutamate and ammonia." SIGNOR-266911 L-serine chemical CHEBI:17115 ChEBI PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 23064226 t "We show that serine can bind to and activate human PKM2, and that PKM2 activity in cells is reduced in response to serine deprivation." SIGNOR-251557 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ATG9A protein Q7Z3C6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr8 MAQFDTEyQRLEASY 9606 27934868 t miannu "Src phosphorylates mATG9 at Tyr8 to maintain its endocytic and constitutive trafficking in unstressed conditions. In response to starvation, phosphorylation of mATG9 at Tyr8 by Src and at Ser14 by ULK1 functionally cooperate to promote interactions between mATG9 and the AP1/2 complex, leading to redistribution of mATG9 from the plasma membrane and juxta-nuclear region to the peripheral pool for autophagy initiation." SIGNOR-266367 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT RPLP2 protein P05387 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser102 KDEKKEEsEESDDDM 9606 12379128 t gcesareni "The phosphorylation sites in grk2-phosphorylated p2 are identified (s102 and s105) and are identical to the sites known to regulate p2 activity." SIGNOR-94254 USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" destabilization 9606 BTO:0000567 16520378 t "Degradation of acutely stimulated receptor tyrosine kinases, epidermal growth factor receptor and Met, is strongly inhibited in UBPY knockdown cells suggesting that UBPY function is essential for growth factor receptor down-regulation." SIGNOR-266903 USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 32152317 t lperfetto "Here, we find that CDC14B antagonizes CDK1-mediated activating mitotic phosphorylation of the deubiquitinase USP9X at serine residue 2563, which we show to be essential for USP9X to mediate mitotic survival. Starting from an unbiased proteome-wide screening approach, we specify Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1) as the relevant substrate that becomes deubiquitylated and stabilized by serine 2563-phosphorylated USP9X in mitosis." SIGNOR-275614 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr34 KDQFPEVyVPTVFEN 9606 BTO:0000567 23027962 t lperfetto "When these RhoA mutants were coexpressed with Bcr-Abl, phosphorylation levels of Y34F and Y66F RhoA mutants dramatically decreased to 32% and 17%, respectively. As expected, when Y34 and Y66 were both mutated to phenylalanine, phosphorylation was completely abolished. Together, these observations indicate that Y34 and Y66 are the two predominant phosphorylation sites, and that the Src kinase and Bcr-Abl are the two candidate kinases that may phosphorylate these sites.|In contrast to active RhoA, RhoAQ63L(Y34,66E) had a dramatic decrease in RBD binding. This binding fraction was even lower than that of WT RhoA, suggesting phosphorylation at these sites could have a negative effect on RhoA activity" SIGNOR-271702 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr533 TGSDNTDtEGS 9606 17936701 t lperfetto "Pvhl acts as an adaptor to promote the inhibitory phosphorylation of the nf-kappab agonist card9 by ck2. The card9 c terminus contains multiple serine and threonine residues that resemble ck2 phosphorylation sites. Mass spectrometry analysis of myc-card9 recovered from hela cells revealed that these sites, including t531 and t533, were phosphorylated in vivo" SIGNOR-158418 "Host translation inhibitor nsp1" protein P0DTD1-PRO_0000449619 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 33188728 t miannu "Nsp1 Locks the 40S in a Conformation Incompatible with mRNA Loading and Disrupts Initiation Factor Binding. Molecular interactions between C-Nsp1 and 40S ribosome components, including uS3, h18, and uS5." SIGNOR-262507 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TACSTD2 protein P09758 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser322 GELRKEPsL 9606 BTO:0001109 31177095 t done miannu " Analyses using HCT116 cells expressing WT Trop-2 (HCT116/WT) or Trop-2 alanine-substituted at Ser-303 (HCT116/S303A) or Ser-322 (HCT116/S322A) revealed that Trop-2 is phosphorylated at Ser-322. sing protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and PKC-specific siRNAs, we found that PKCα and PKCδ are responsible for Trop-2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273821 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000594 26087183 t lperfetto "F-box protein FBXO22 mediates polyubiquitination and degradation of KLF4 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression" SIGNOR-273444 OGDHL protein Q9ULD0 UNIPROT OGDC complex SIGNOR-C397 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15953811 t miannu "The α-ketoglutarate–dehydrogenase complex is a complex including multiple copies of three proteins: E1k (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), E2k (dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase), and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (Fig. 2). The consecutive action of the three catalytic components of KGDHC results in oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, preserving the energy in the form of succinylCoA and NADH." SIGNOR-267833 THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001073 29407449 t scontino "We found that the T3-bound TR inhibits this reporter construct driven by GATA2 alone, indicating that the target of T3-bound TR repression is GATA2." SIGNOR-267257 Nalmefene chemical CHEBI:7457 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258810 "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "Class I MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C426 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33374673 t scontino "The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, or human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans, bind these peptides to present them to T cells that recognise them with their surface T cell receptors (TCR)." SIGNOR-267773 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT DDAH2 protein O95865 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr211 DHPYASLtLPDDAAA 33850055 t lperfetto "TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a kinase downstream of MAVS, inhibited DDAH2 by phosphorylating DDAH2 at multiple sites. |The T203D, T211D, S245D, and S253D mutations significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of DDAH2 on RLR signaling, suggesting that phosphorylation of these residues was critical for DDAH2 to inhibit activation o" SIGNOR-275647 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 21757713 t lperfetto "Arsenite treatment of cells activates p38_ and induces interaction between p38_ and raptor, a regulatory component of mtorc1, resulting in phosphorylation of raptor on ser(863) and ser(771). The phosphorylation of raptor on these sites enhances mtorc1 activity, and contributes largely to arsenite-induced mtorc1 activation." SIGNOR-217580 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr404 NSHPLSLtSDQYKAY -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178387 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT STAP2 protein Q9UGK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr250 PFLLDEDyEKVLGYV 9606 19393627 t lperfetto "Our previous studies revealed that STAP-2 binds to signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5, and regulates the signaling pathways downstream of them. In the present study, we identified tyrosine-250 (Tyr250) in STAP-2 as a major site of phosphorylation by Brk, using a series of STAP-2 YF mutants and anti-phospho-STAP-2 Tyr250 antibody. Furthermore, overexpression of the STAP-2 Y250F mutant protein affected Brk-mediated STAT3 activation." SIGNOR-247067 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23612709 f miannu "The MEK5-dependent activation of ERK5 promotes binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of the genes encoding the transcription factors Klf2 and Klf4, leading to their increased abundance. Subsequently, Klf2 and Klf4 bind to the Npnt promoter and induce the production of nephronectin during myoblast fusion" SIGNOR-255455 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 11602185 f apalma "The GM-CSF promoted cell survival and proliferation correlated with MEK-1 dependent ERK1/2, Elk-1 and CREB phosphorylation and Egr-1, c-Fos expression as well as with increased STAT-5, AP-1, c-Myb and NF-kappaB DNA-binding." SIGNOR-255580 CDK19 protein Q9BWU1 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2516 FLTPSPEsPDQWSSS -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273135 IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT Phagocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH97 SIGNOR up-regulates 19837374 f apalma "Treatment of monocytes with IL-10 as compared to IL-15 resulted in a two-fold greater level of phagocytosis and binding of latex beads. In summary, IL-10, in comparison to IL-15, induces greater macrophage endocytic function" SIGNOR-255442 ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT NUCB1 protein Q02818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17686766 f miannu "we identified nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1) as a novel repressor of the S1P-mediated ATF6 activation. NUCB1 is an ER stress-inducible gene with the promoter region having functional cis-elements for transcriptional activation by ATF6." SIGNOR-253753 CCNA1 protein P78396 UNIPROT G1/S_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH50 SIGNOR up-regulates 15829981 f lperfetto "Cyclin A1 contributes to G1 to S cell cycle progression in somatic cells. Cyclin A1 overexpression enhances S phase entry consistent with an oncogenic function. Finally, cyclin A1 might be a therapeutic target since its silencing inhibited leukemia cell growth." SIGNOR-252255 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser363 TSRTPKDsPGIPPSA 9534 BTO:0001538 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219337 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR RAD52 protein P43351 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr104 DLNNGKFyVGVCAFV 9606 23836560 t Manara "Have found that BCR-ABL1 interacts with the C-terminal portion of RAD52, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of Y104 located in RAD52 DNA II and enhanced nuclear foci formation" SIGNOR-262531 HOXD13 protein P35453 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9343407 t 2 miannu "We now show that the Hoxa-9 protein physically interacts with Meis1 proteins. Hox proteins from the other AbdB-like paralogs, Hoxa-10, Hoxa-11, Hoxd-12, and Hoxb-13, also form DNA binding complexes with Meis1b. DNA binding complexes formed by Meis1 with Hox proteins dissociate much more slowly than DNA complexes with Meis1 alone, suggesting that Hox proteins stabilize the interactions of Meis1 proteins with their DNA targets." SIGNOR-241235 OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257243 DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT EDVP complex SIGNOR-C530 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19287380 t miannu "We named this E3 ligase complex containing EDD, DDB1 and VPRBP proteins as EDVP complex to distinguish it from the previously identified Cul4-Roc1-DDB1-VPRBP E3 ligase complex. " SIGNOR-271791 imatinib chemical CHEBI:45783 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22045730 t "Recently, imatinib, an inhibitor of several tyrosine kinases, including c-abl, c-kit and PDGFRs, was demonstrated to ameliorate dystrophic phenotypes in mdx mice by suppressing the phosphorylation of PDGFRa" SIGNOR-254378 TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17429065 t lpetrilli "Smad2/3 also binds to _-tubulin, which provides a negative regulatory mechanism controlling tgf-_ activity. the results showed that the mh2 domain of smad2 binds to _-tubulin with almost the same efficiency as the full-length (wild-type) smad2. Similar results were obtained for the smad3 binding to _-tubulin." SIGNOR-154319 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 ELRKTQTsMSLGTTR -1 24012422 t gianni "MLKL comprises a four-helical bundle tethered to the pseudokinase domain, which contains an unusual pseudoactive site. Although the pseudokinase domain binds ATP, it is catalytically inactive and its essential nonenzymatic role in necroptotic signaling is induced by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated phosphorylation.[...]S345, S347, and T349 in the MLKL activation loop were phosphorylated by RIPK3 in in vitro kinase assays" SIGNOR-266439 OPRL1 protein P41146 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256865 FBXL21P protein Q9UKT6 UNIPROT TCAP protein O15273 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 32937135 t lperfetto "FBXL21 is a clock-controlled E3 ligase modulating circadian periodicity via subcellular-specific CRYPTOCHROME degradation. How FBXL21 regulates tissue-specific circadian physiology and what mechanism operates upstream is poorly understood. Here we report the sarcomere component TCAP as a cytoplasmic substrate of FBXL21." SIGNOR-264853 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr95 DKTQLNPtSLQKLFR 9606 15319445 t gcesareni "Here we show that the protein kinase cdc25 c-associated kinase 1 (c-tak1) is a binding partner and a substrate of pim-1." SIGNOR-259430 "3-[({4-[4-({[1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl}methyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:91194 ChEBI LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193561 IL1RAPL2 protein Q9NP60 UNIPROT NCS1 protein P62166 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 12783849 t miannu "IL1 receptor accessory protein like, a protein involved in X-linked mental retardation, interacts with Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 and regulates exocytosis. our data show that IL1RAPL interacts only with NCS-1 through its specific C-terminal domain. The functional relevance of IL1RAPL activity was further supported by the inhibitory effect on exocytosis in PC12 cells overexpressing IL1RAPL. Taken together, our data suggest that IL1RAPL may regulate calcium-dependent exocytosis and provide insight into the understanding of physiopathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment resulting from IL1RAPL dysfunction." SIGNOR-264476 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11777913 f gcesareni "Phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 is mediated by the p38/msk1 pathway in response to uvb irradiation. In the present study we demonstrated that uvb induced 4e-bp1 phosphorylation at multiple sites, thr-36, thr-45, ser-64, and thr-69, leading to dissociation of 4e-bp1 from eif-4e. Uvb-induced phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 was blocked by p38 kinase inhibitors, pd169316 and sb202190, and msk1 inhibitor, h89, but not by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors, pd98059 or u0126." SIGNOR-113566 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "The membrane-bound Notch segment that results from this cleavage, known as Notch Intracellular Truncation domain (NEXT), is a -secretase substrate (Kopan and Ilagan, 2009). -Secretase performs the subsequent cleavage at S3 (De Strooper et al., 1999), releasing Notch intracellular domain (NICD) from the membrane and allowing for signal transduction through binding with the CBL-1, Su(H), Lag-1 (CSL; Schroeter et al., 1998; Struhl and Adachi, 1998) family of DNA binding proteins." SIGNOR-209729 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 t lperfetto "Sirt1 increased foxo3's ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-252994 KSR1 protein Q8IVT5 UNIPROT ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29433126 t miannu "In mammals, RAF family kinases include three catalytically competent enzymes (ARAF, BRAF and CRAF) and two pseudokinases (KSR1 and KSR2) that have been described as scaffolds owing to their apparent ability to bridge RAF isoforms and their substrate, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK).Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) pseudokinases were also shown to dimerize with kinase-competent RAFs to stimulate catalysis allosterically." SIGNOR-273876 ALDH9A1 protein P49189 UNIPROT 4-trimethylammoniobutanal smallmolecule CHEBI:18020 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "Aldolytic cleavage of HTML yields 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMABA) and glycine, a reaction catalysed by HTML aldolase (HTMLA; EC 4.1.2.‘X’). Dehydrogenation of TMABA by TMABA dehydrogenase (TMABA-DH; EC 1.2.1.47) results in the formation of 4-Ntrimethylaminobutyrate (butyrobetaine)." SIGNOR-269692 MTNR1A protein P48039 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257101 TRPM7 protein Q96QT4 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sEFLKQAW 9606 24103589 t lperfetto "Trpm7 was responsible for phosphorylation of the serine 5 (ser5) residue [29]. In 2009, the study focused on an association between anxa1 and trpm7 confirmed the presence of a trpm7/annexin a1/mg2_+ complex, suggesting a novel pathway in bradykinin signaling, dependent on pkc and c-src [30]. Even though that pathway is not fully characterized, the same team that discovered the ser5 phosphorylation of anxa1 also reported crucial relevance of this modification for anxa1 membrane binding and especially for the interaction between annexin a1 and its known partner, the calcium binding protein s100a11" SIGNOR-202804 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT DHCR24 protein Q15392 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22431021 f miannu "activation of Sp1 by oxidative stress is involved in the promotion of expression of DHCR24 by HCV." SIGNOR-255200 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr231 NANGEAVyCKFHYKT 9606 BTO:0000093 12777400 t lperfetto "C-abl and arg phosphorylated catalase at tyr231 and tyr386 in vitrocatalase is a major effector in the defense of aerobic cells against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that catalase activity is stimulated by the c-abl and arg tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-101306 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr376 DEDCYGNyDNLLSQF 9606 20044479 t lperfetto "We have described that upon ligand binding, igf-1r directly interacts with and phosphorylates pdk1 at tyr373/376" SIGNOR-236544 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22056382 f "Tnf-α enhanced the transcriptional activity of a classical Notch target gene via Ikk2 by inducing histone H3 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-253586 RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT PIK3R4 protein Q99570 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 27411398 t lperfetto "Vps34 PI 3-kinase activity18 is stimulated by complex formation with the protein kinase Vps15|Rab5GTP binds Vps15, enhancing Vps34 activity" SIGNOR-260708 STRADA protein Q7RTN6 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12805220 t Gianni "Endogenous LKB1 and STRAD form a complex in which STRAD activates LKB1, resulting in phosphorylation of both partners.LKB1 phosphorylates STRAD at Thr329 and Thr419" SIGNOR-247560 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268914 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr160 GVPVRTYtHEVVTLW 9606 SIGNOR-C16 12359725 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in stimulating cyclin d1 expression and nuclear translocation of cdk2, erk regulates thr-160 phosphorylation of cdk2-cyclin e." SIGNOR-244614 MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT MXD4 protein Q14582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7954804 t 2 miannu "the role MAX plays in transcription is thought to be primarily as a cofactor for DNA binding. In this capacity, however, it appears to be essential for most, if not all, the known biological activities of MYC. MAX also functions as a cofactor for DNA binding for a group of bHLHZip proteins related to MYC, including MNT, MXD1-4 (formerly Mad1, Mxi1, Mad3 and Mad4), and MGA. Like MYC, these proteins do not homodimerize and appear to be incapable of binding DNA on their own, but when bound to MAX, they recognize E-box sequences." SIGNOR-240224 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Ile105 ESSKPNMiDAATLKS -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-14 27YVATRDN g-chain| 105XDAATLKSR g-chain | 92LTYNPDES g-chain |105LTTNIXEXL a-chain|433LVTSKGDKE a-chain| 117FXSANNRD a-chain" SIGNOR-263618 PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements. PER and CRY proteins form heterodimers and suppress the activity of the BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) completing the feedback loop." SIGNOR-267974 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20828404 t gcesareni "Upon ligand binding, non-canonical wnt signaling controls tissue polarity and cell movement through the activation of rhoa, c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), and nemo-like kinase (nlk) signaling cascades." SIGNOR-167862 AAAS protein Q9NRG9 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262067 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys420 GLGSELSkPGVLASQ 9606 BTO:0002181 19881509 t Giorgia "These data collectively indicate that AIP4 is the E3 ligase for MAVS.|We generated single substitutions (K362A, K371A or K420A) and combined point substitutions of MAVS and tested their degradation. K371A or K420A MAVS showed partial resistance to PCBP2-induced degradation (data not shown), whereas MAVS with the combined substitutions K371A and K420A (KK-AA) completely withstood the degradation" SIGNOR-260363 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT GPX1 protein P07203 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 18074631 f lperfetto "In fact, experiments with either genetic knockouts or RNAi for the PGC1s show that the ability of ROS to induce a ROS scavenging programme depends entirely on the PGC1s. This includes genes encoding mitochondrial proteins like SOD2, but also includes cytoplasmic proteins such as catalase and GPX1. Cells lacking PGC1alpha are hypersensitive to death from oxidative stress caused by H2O2 or paraquat." SIGNOR-253396 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CAP1 protein Q01518 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser308 SAPKPQTsPSPKRAT 9606 BTO:0000763 30123351 t lperfetto "We found that GSK3 phosphorylates S307 and S309 by using inhibitors LiCl. Inhibition of GSK3beta can cause loss of cell polarity as well as accumulation of stress fibers. We propose that GSK3 regulates CAP1 through at least two mechanisms. First, GSK3 (and potentially other kinases) phosphorylate CAP1 at S309 and promote CAP1 localization to the cytosol. Second, phosphorylation at S309 affects protein-protein interactions with actin and cofilin. The loss of this phospho-regulation by GSK3 inhibition is expected to disrupt CAP1 function and actin dynamics." SIGNOR-264822 TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001938 12271141 f lperfetto "These findings strongly implicate the tuberin-hamartin tumor suppressor complex as an inhibitor of mtor" SIGNOR-93133 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253483 YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Cdc25c: nuclear exclusion/cytoplasmic sequestration via binding to 14-3-3 proteins." SIGNOR-163237 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr199 ELLEQQKyTVTVDYW 9606 SIGNOR-C14 12645577 t gcesareni "These results indicate that c-src can associate with ikkbeta and phosphorylate its tyrosine residues after tnf-alfa or tpa stimulation." SIGNOR-99318 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BANP protein Q8N9N5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr352 PSEPMMStPPPASEL 9606 BTO:0000567 26080397 t miannu "ERK-MAPK pathway that regulates alternative splicing facilitates ERK-1/2-mediated phosphorylation of SMAR1 at threonines 345 and 360 and localizes SMAR1 to the cytoplasm, preventing its interaction with Sam68." SIGNOR-266378 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR "BRCA1-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C298 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "Another BRCA1 complex, the BRCA1–B complex containing BRCA1/TopBP1 and BACH1 (also known and BRIP1/FANCJ) has been reported to play a role in HR and S‐phase cell cycle arrest. The exact role of this complex in HR remains unclear, although it is assumed that BACH1, a DNA helicase, contributes to end resection (possibly through its helicase activity) and RPA loading, whereas TopBP1 is required for ATR activation and subsequent S‐phase checkpoint activation" SIGNOR-263217 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR NABP2 protein Q9BQ15 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000018 25249620 t miannu "Here, we report that hSSB1 is the bona fide substrate for an Fbxl5-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase. Fbxl5 interacts with and targets hSSB1 for ubiquitination and degradation, which could be prevented by ATM-mediated hSSB1 T117 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-271656 SEH1L protein Q96EE3 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262092 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9415393 f "Translocation from intracellular compartment to cell surface in muscle and adipose tissue" gcesareni "Akt is not only capable of stimulating the translocation of glut4 to the cell surface. Endogenous akt is likely to play a significant physiological role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin targets such as muscle and adipose tissue" SIGNOR-252580 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257623 ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT TDP2 protein O95551 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr88 PKTYVDLtNEETTDS 9606 BTO:0000007 18039968 t miannu "ALK4 phosphorylated TTRAP in vitro (Fig. 6A). The band migrating at the position of TTRAP was excised and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. One TTRAP peptide was phosphorylated either on T88 and T92, or on T92 only (Fig. 6B)." SIGNOR-262611 KLF3 protein P57682 UNIPROT KLF8 protein O95600 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000759 18687676 t Luana "Here we report that Klf8 is repressed by Klf3 in vivo and is up-regulated by Klf1. Transcript analysis indicates that Klf8 has two promoters, both containing multiple CACCC elements. Transactivation assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that Klf3 represses Klf8 directly and that Klf1 activates Klf8 directly. " SIGNOR-266049 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser178 LFTQRQNsAPARMLS 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "The signal for ubiquitination after uv and ir exposure is created by phosphorylation of cdc25a mediated by chk1 and chk2, respectively. Chk1 is a major kinase phosphorylating cdc25a (ser76/124) and cdc25c (ser216). regulation;btrc(induces);14-3-3 beta(induces);apoptosis, altered;14-3-3 beta(induces);ccna1(disrupts);cdk2(disrupts);cdk1(disrupts);ccnb1(disrupts);" SIGNOR-163138 RPS20 protein P60866 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262430 TSSK1B protein Q9BXA7 UNIPROT TSSK1B protein Q9BXA7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr174 GRMALSKtFCGSPAY -1 15733851 t Manara "Electrospray Q‐TOF2 mass spectroscopy analysis of a trypsin digested TSSK1 purified from E. coli, revealed that it was phosphorylated at its T‐loop residue (Fig. 2D), indicating that TSSK1 as was previously shown for MELK [18], can autophosphorylate its T‐loop Thr residue." SIGNOR-260823 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 AGEKEAKsD 9606 10739259 t lperfetto "Protein kinases that phosphorylate hmg-14 17 at the major sites have been implicated from previous in vitro studies. Protein kinase c and a similar calcium phospholipid-dependent kinase have been reported to phosphorylate both proteins in vitro, where the phosphorylation of hmg-17 occurs predominantly at ser24 and to a lesser degree at ser28. Phosphorylation of hmg-14 at ser6 by camp- or cgmp-dependent kinases has also been reported. Thus, other kinases may contribute to phosphorylation at ser6 in response to oa. Ser88 and ser98 on hmg-14 are also phosphorylated by casein kinase ii in vitro. we conclude that the correlation we observe reflects a causal relationship, in which phosphorylation somehow facilitates the redistribution of hmg-14 and -17 toward non-nuclear pools." SIGNOR-76278 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" methylation 9606 24987060 t miannu "The presence of trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3) at promoter regions is associated with gene repression. This modification is generated by the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), composed of the SET domain-containing histone methyltransferase (HMT) EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) or its functional homologue EZH1, and core accessory proteins (EED, SUZ12, and RbAp48) (Fig. 1A)." SIGNOR-265367 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 32471307 t lperfetto "A major kinase for GPCR‐induced CPI‐17 phosphorylation is PKC which is activated by the PLCbeta‐produced signaling messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It phosphorylates CPI‐17 at Thr38 residue that directly docks at the active site of MLCP, thereby inhibiting its activity and promoting an increase of phosphorylation of myosin and of other MLCP." SIGNOR-249260 CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT CyclinA2/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C420 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29870721 t lperfetto "Here we show that cyclin A/cdk1 kinase is the factor triggering mitosis." SIGNOR-267571 GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004291 16716349 f Regulation miannu "GDF5 induces ID1 and ID3 in HUVSMC by a smad-dependent, MAPK-independent pathway. GDF5 binds to specific receptors, thereby inducing phosphorylation and translocation of smad1 to the nucleus where it is involved in the regulation of transcription." SIGNOR-251871 "Angiotensin 1-7" protein P01019-PRO_0000420660 UNIPROT Alamandine chemical CID:44192273 PUBCHEM "up-regulates activity" "catalytic activity" -1 24389733 t Luana "Newly discovered peptide, alamandine, have been identified. Alamandine is generated by catalysis of Ang A via ACE2 or directly from Ang-(1–7)." SIGNOR-262307 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT CYP1B1 protein Q16678 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 16115918 f miannu "Expressions of CYP1B1 mRNA and protein were increased in prostate cancer. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) heterodimer complex activates gene transcription by binding to the DREs of CYP1B1." SIGNOR-253740 tipifarnib chemical CHEBI:141969 ChEBI FNTA protein P49354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 11196150 t lperfetto "In vitro, using isolated human farnesyl protein transferase, R115777 competitively inhibited the farnesylation of lamin B and K-RasB peptide substrates, with IC50s of 0.86 nM and 7.9 nM, respectively. In a panel of 53 human tumor cell lines tested for growth inhibition, approximately 75% were found to be sensitive to R115777." SIGNOR-262033 EEF1A:GTP:aa-tRNA complex SIGNOR-C493 SIGNOR 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20025795 t miannu "The work cycle during which a new amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain, referred to as elongation cycle, is a repetitive multistep process encompassing aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) selection, peptide bond formation, and mRNA–tRNA translocation (Fig. 1). In the initial binding state, referred to as A/T state, this aa-tRNA is in a ternary complex with the GTPase EF-Tu (eEF1A in eukaryotes) and GTP. When a Watson–Crick codon–anticodon match is recognized by the ribosome, a signal is transmitted to EF-Tu that triggers GTP hydrolysis and thereby causes the dissociation of EF-Tu from the ribosome. The subsequent accommodation of the 3′ acceptor arm of the tRNA in the PTC of the large subunit leads to a rapid peptide bond transfer" SIGNOR-270810 "dasatinib (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:49375 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191304 FBXO5 protein Q9UKT4 UNIPROT FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11751633 t gcesareni "Emi1 binds cdh1 and inhibits apc-cdh1 activity." SIGNOR-113385 HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT UPR phenotype SIGNOR-PH131 SIGNOR up-regulates 28286085 f lperfetto "The HSPA5 gene encodes the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), an Hsp70 family chaperone localized in the ER lumen.|When unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER overwhelm the capacity of protein folding machinery, BiP can initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR), decrease unfolded/misfolded protein load, induce autophagy, and crosstalk with apoptosis machinery to assist in the cell survival decision." SIGNOR-265282 GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8870665 t gcesareni "These results indicate that g-protein beta gamma subunits constitute a mechanism by which g-protein mediate a rapid and transient plc- beta 1." SIGNOR-44369 ziprasidone chemical CHEBI:10119 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0001311 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258501 "RF-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C375 SIGNOR PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 12930972 t lperfetto "Replication factor C (RF-C) complex binds to DNA primers and loads PCNA onto DNA, thereby increasing the processivity of DNA polymerases." SIGNOR-265510 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT COIL protein P38432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser184 NEEAKRKsPKKKEKC 9606 SIGNOR-C16 11102515 t lperfetto "In particular, we have recently found that the cdk2/cyclin e complex can phosphorylate coilin in vitro . there is but a single consensus cdk2/cyclin e phosphorylation site in coilin, located at serine 184. when serine 184 was mutated to an alanine (s184a), mimicking a dephosphorylated state, a nucleolar mislocalization similar to that of gfp-coilin(1_248) was observed" SIGNOR-84949 SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT MXD1 protein Q05195 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000318 9528857 t 2 miannu "We identified a novel ZIP-containing protein, Mmip1 (Mad member interacting protein 1) that strongly dimerizes with all four Mad members, but not with c-myc. Mmip1 can inhibit DNA binding by Max-Mad heterodimers and, in vivo, can reverse the suppressive e€ects of Mad proteins on c-myc functions." SIGNOR-241278 DAPK2 protein Q9UIK4 UNIPROT DAPK2 protein Q9UIK4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser318 VRRRWKLsFSIVSLC 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000356 11230133 t llicata "Autophosphorylation restrains the apoptotic activity of DRP-1 kinase by controlling dimerization and calmodulin binding. | It comprises a single autophosphorylation event mapped to Ser308 within the CaM regulatory domain." SIGNOR-251084 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254851 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001610 22641097 f miannu "Effective silencing of Runx2 by short interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated downregulation of EMT-related molecules (SNAI2, SNAI3 and TWIST1), MMP2 and vasculogenic factors (VEGFA and VEGFC) in thyroid carcinoma cells." SIGNOR-255082 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20980003 f miannu "In the present study we report that specific silencing of either SREBP-1 or SREBP-2 enhanced LRP1 whereas overexpression of the active SREBP isoforms decreased LRP1 expression." SIGNOR-254462 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268784 PELI3 protein Q8N2H9 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12874243 f gcesareni "Pellino3 leads to activation of c-jun and elk-1, but not nf-kappab." SIGNOR-103986 GRIK2 protein Q13002 UNIPROT D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "Glutamate (L-Glu) released from neurons interacts with kainate-type of glutamate receptors (Kain-R) in astrocytes to stimulate release of D-serine" SIGNOR-268273 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 10090 10448861 t lperfetto "Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1." SIGNOR-235590 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 GILARRPsYRKILKD -1 8663317 t llicata "Phosphopeptide mapping analysis and Western blotting studies demonstrated that in vitro, CaMK II phosphorylates only Ser63 (corresponding to Ser133 of CREB), which is essential for the activation, and not Ser72 (corresponding to Ser142 of CREB), which is a negative regulation site." SIGNOR-250611 CYFIP1 protein Q7L576 UNIPROT NHS protein Q6T4R5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20332100 t miannu "We show that the WHD of NHS interacts with the Abi family of proteins, HSPC300, Nap1 and Sra1, and is important for the localization of NHS to the leading edge." SIGNOR-253575 CYP27B1 protein O15528 UNIPROT calcidiol smallmolecule CHEBI:17933 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671 12050193 t lperfetto "The rate-limiting, hormonally regulated step in the biological activation of vitamin D is its 1alpha-hydroxylation to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2)D] in the kidney, catalyzed by the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme, P450c1alpha." SIGNOR-270560 CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT KLF5 protein Q13887 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16054042 f fspada "Klf5 expression is induced by c/ebpbeta and delta. KLF5, in turn, acts in concert with c/ebpbeta/delta to activate the ppargamma2 promoter." SIGNOR-210007 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT L3MBTL2 protein Q969R5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 31225475 t miannu "L3MBTL2 links RNF8 and RNF168 in the DNA double strand break response. The protein kinase ATM phosphorylates L3MBTL2, which recruits it to the DNA lesion by promoting the interaction between MDC1 and L3MBTL2. L3MBTL2 is subsequently ubiquitinated by RNF8, which acts as a docking site for RNF168, thereby recruiting the ubiquitin ligase to the damage site. RNF168, in turn, ubiquitinates H2A-type histones to amplify the DNA damage response and recruit downstream DNA repair proteins for proper DSB signaling." SIGNOR-266785 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9427757 t miannu "Steroid receptor co-activator (src1) is one of a number of transcriptional co-activators that are capable of potentiating the activity of nuclear receptors including the oestrogen receptor (er)." SIGNOR-54442 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr182 ADAEMTGyVVTRWYR 9606 BTO:0000007 10066767 t done miannu "p38-δ is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7. we investigated whether this Thr180-Gly-Tyr182 motif was essential for p38-δ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual phosphorylation TGY motif is required for p38-δ activation." SIGNOR-273951 8-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one chemical CHEBI:93369 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258537 GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT GNB/GNG complex SIGNOR-C202 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23994464 t apalma "Instead, our current understanding is that the majority of GPCR signal transduction in neutrophils occurs through the GŒ≤Œ≥ subunit" SIGNOR-255005 PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 10090 BTO:0000944 10698938 t "Protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPalpha) is believed to dephosphorylate physiologically the Src proto-oncogene at phosphotyrosine (pTyr)527, a critical negative-regulatory residue. It thereby activates Src, and PTPalpha overexpression neoplastically transforms NIH 3T3 cells." SIGNOR-248438 ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257151 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr716 RPPSAELySNALPVG 9606 18567737 t gcesareni "Ptp1b blocked pdgf-induced tyr716 and tyr751 phosphorylation of the pdgfr." SIGNOR-179072 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-269888 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000562 10521487 t gcesareni "Heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activation by insulin results from ser-466 and ser-483 phosphorylation and requires 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, but not protein kinase b." SIGNOR-252584 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT SPTA1 protein P02549 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10037687 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "GATA-1 and CACCC-related Proteins Are Both Major Activators of the Human Erythroid β-Spectrin Gene Promoter" SIGNOR-251928 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser748 RFARRSVsDNDIRKY 9606 BTO:0000150 16551632 t llicata "Site-directed mutagenesis identified ser-351, ser-745, and ser-747 as akt phosphorylation sites on vcp. however, our study also suggests that other known biological activities of vcp, such as those related to intracellular trafficking, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and activation of transcription (28), might be regulated by akt through the activation of vcp. I" SIGNOR-145292 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser605 AGPTRQAsQAGPVPR 10116 BTO:0001009 12237306 t miannu "Synapsin I is phosphorylated at Ser603 by p21-activated kinases. the Ser603 residue must be one of the pivotal sites for the release" SIGNOR-250246 ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256753 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265413 APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT APOE protein P02649 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20642861 t miannu "ApoA-I stimulates apoE secretion in mature human adipocytes. The regulation of apoE secretion by apoA-I, is neither dependent upon an increase in gene transcription, nor upon increased release from the Golgi. It may therefore be assumed that, in macrophage models, apoE is stored mainly in the cytoplasm and/or on the cell surface, with apoA-I enabling secretion of this cytoplasmic pool" SIGNOR-252105 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SPTBN1 protein Q01082 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr2159 NGATEQRtSSKESSP 9606 BTO:0000938 17088250 t miannu "We show here that the short c-terminal splice variant of betaii-spectrin (betaiisigma2) is a substrate for phosphorylation. In vitro, protein kinase ck2 phosphorylates ser-2110 and thr-2159 / phosphorylation of ?II?2 C-terminal fragment inhibits its interaction with ?II N-terminal fragment." SIGNOR-150471 HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256778 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr309 SDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 9512493 t lperfetto "The activation of pkbbeta and pkbgamma by pdk1 was accompanied by the phosphorylation of the residues equivalent to thr308 in pkbalpha, namely thr309 (pkbbeta) and thr305 (pkbgamma)" SIGNOR-236785 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT VDR protein P11473 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 18485278 f miannu "We have shown here that the transcriptional repressor protein SLUG inhibits the expression of VDR in human breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-255179 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 20404009 t Luana "In vitro functional assays demonstrated that lurasidone acts as an antagonist at D2 and 5-HT7 receptors and as a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype." SIGNOR-259462 EFNA5 protein P52803 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "Members of the epha subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin-a ligands have been implicated in the guidance of retinal axons along the anterior-posterior axis of the chick optic tectum." SIGNOR-52467 "Deltorphin B" chemical CHEBI:81498 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258785 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PRPS2 protein P11908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser180 GGAKRVTsIADRLNV 9606 BTO:0006038 29074724 t lperfetto "We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation or hypoxia results in the AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) S180 and PRPS2 S183, leading to conversion of PRPS hexamers to monomers and thereby inhibiting PRPS1/2 activity, nucleotide synthesis, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production." SIGNOR-265731 IKZF4 protein Q9H2S9 UNIPROT LNPEP protein Q9UIQ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003420 15894523 f miannu "Activator protein-2 (AP-2) and Ikaros transcription factors play significant roles in exerting high promoter activity of P-LAP/OTase in the trophoblastic cells. Moreover, P-LAP/OTase is transcriptionally regulated in a trophoblast-differentiation-dependent fashion via up-regulation of AP-2, putatively AP-2alpha." SIGNOR-255406 PFDN2 protein Q9UHV9 UNIPROT "URI1 prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C514 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484151 t miannu "In humans, the R2TP complex consists of orthologous proteins named RUVBL1, RUVBL2, RPAP3, and PIH1D1  and the PFDL module is composed of two α (UXT and URI1) and four β subunits (PFDN2, PFDN6, PDRG1, and one of them likely duplicated) as well as two additional members, the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2E/RPB5, and WDR96" SIGNOR-270919 glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 22749528 f Luana "Leucine and Glutamine Activate Glutaminolysis and mTORC1" SIGNOR-268008 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 FAQTVMTsRIVGTTA 9606 BTO:0000876 24567333 t lperfetto "We show irak4 autophosphorylation occurs by an intermolecular reaction and that autophosphorylation is required for full catalytic activity of the kinase. Phosphorylation of any two of the residues thr-342, thr-345, and ser-346 is required for full activity" SIGNOR-204653 FERMT3 protein Q86UX7 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132;BTO:0003292 18278053 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, Kindlin-3 can directly bind to regions of beta-integrin tails distinct from those of Talin and trigger integrin activation. We have therefore identified Kindlin-3 as a novel and essential element for platelet integrin activation in hemostasis and thrombosis|Kindlin-3 was also able to interact with the wild-type beta1 and beta3 integrin tails (Fig. 3c), in the presence and absence of Talin1 (Supplementary Fig. 3 online), and the F3 subdomain of Kindlin-3 was sufficient for this interaction and this interaction occurred in a direct manner" SIGNOR-266065 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI Cadherins proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF71 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265811 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-252719 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000848 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-253303 TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000142 15340059 t lperfetto "Tsc2 functions as a gap to inhibit rheb activity. Tsc2 displays gap (gtpase-activating protein) activity specifically towards the small g protein rheb and inhibits its ability to stimulate the mtor signaling pathway. It has recently been shown that tsc2 has gtpase-activating protein (gap) activity towards the ras family small gtpase rheb (ras homolog enriched in brain), and tsc1/2 antagonizes the mtor signaling pathway via stimulation of gtp hydrolysis of rheb." SIGNOR-128432 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT RP9 protein Q8TA86 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser214 RKHKSSKsNEGSDSE -1 10931201 t miannu "PAP-1 was phosphorylated in vitro by Pim-1, but not a kinase-negative Pim-1 mutant. The two serine residues of PAP-1 at amino acids 204 and 206 near the C-terminus were phosphorylated by Pim-1. PAP-1 is thus thought to be a target protein for Pim-1 kinase." SIGNOR-263030 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT UGT1A4 protein P22310 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 19546240 f miannu "our data indicate that up-regulation of UGT1A4 expression by E(2) is mediated by both ER alpha and Sp1 and is a potential mechanism contributing to the enhanced elimination of lamotrigine in pregnancy." SIGNOR-254075 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser186 RQRKRHKsDSISLSF 9606 BTO:0000785 18467333 t gcesareni "Additionally, the pim kinases phosphorylate mdm2 in vitro and in cultured cells at ser166 and ser186, two previously identified targets of other signaling pathways, including akt." SIGNOR-259434 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr187 NAGSVEQtPKKPGLR 9606 BTO:0000150 10931950 t gcesareni "These data suggest that increased signaling by erbb receptors up-regulates mapk activity, which, in turn, phosphorylates and destabilizes p27, thus contributing to dysregulated cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-80234 MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr177 EDQAVTEyVATRWYR 9606 16336213 t lperfetto "Erk8 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 8) expressed in escherichia coli or insect cells was catalytically active and phosphorylated at both residues of the thr-glu-tyr motif.Our results suggest that the activity of erk8 in transfected hek-293 cells depends on the relative rates of erk8 autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-142973 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Ser465;Ser467 SPSVRCSsMS;SVRCSSMs 11274206 t gcesareni "the receptor-regulated Smad, such as Smad2, forms a heterocomplex with the co-mediator Smad, Smad4" SIGNOR-235183 NAE1 protein Q13564 UNIPROT NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "the NEDD8 E1-activating enzyme (NAE) is a heterodimer of APPBP1 and UBA3 corresponding to the N-terminal and C-terminal of the single polypeptide of the ubiquitin E1 respectively" SIGNOR-242907 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser184 VAGVLTAsLTIWKKM 9606 BTO:0003473 14766748 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of Bax Ser184 by Akt regulates its activity and apoptosis in neutrophilsWe suggest that Bax is regulated by phosphorylation of Ser(184) in an Akt-dependent manner and that phosphorylation inhibits Bax effects on the mitochondria by maintaining the protein in the cytoplasm, heterodimerized with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members" SIGNOR-252538 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr531 NTTGSDNtDTEGS 9606 BTO:0000567 17936701 t "PVHL Acts as an Adaptor to Promote the Inhibitory Phosphorylation of the NF-κB Agonist Card9 by CK2" SIGNOR-262290 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257671 "phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37328 ChEBI WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 10219243 t lperfetto "In the presence of Cdc42 and PI(4,5)P2, the potency of N-WASP was increased to a level approaching that of GST-VCA, suggesting that N-WASP was fully activated by the two molecules." SIGNOR-261870 beta-Funaltrexamine chemical CHEBI:81527 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258771 testosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17347 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15861399 t miannu "Testosterone is the predominant circulating androgen in mammals and is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5α-reductase in certain tissues of the male urogenital tract, skin, and other target cells. DHT binds with highest affinity to AR and together with testosterone promotes AR transcriptional activity thereby ensuring the development and maintenance of male reproductive functions." SIGNOR-251553 "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257706 "arachidonic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15843 ChEBI PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15878913 f miannu "AA increases PC-3 prostate tumor cell growth, total DNA content and endogenous PGE 2 levels via induction of c-fos , cPLA 2 and cox-2 mRNA transcription." SIGNOR-255393 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 16603398 t amattioni "In this report, we show that ciap1 and ciap2 promote cancer cell survival by functioning as e3 ubiquitin ligases that maintain constitutive ubiquitination of the rip1 adaptor protein." SIGNOR-145036 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 21440011 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FoxOs by Akt inhibits transcriptional functions of FoxOs and contributes to cell survival, growth and proliferation.The PI3K/Akt signaling regulates cell proliferation and survival in part by phosphorylating FoxOs to promote their interaction with 14-3-3 protein that results in nuclear exclusion and eventual ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP)-dependent degradation of FoxOs" SIGNOR-209647 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 12226085 t miannu "In summary, we have shown that CBLC and AIP4 can interact and that these two E3 ligases could contribute to down-regulate EGFR signaling by ubiquitination. " SIGNOR-272604 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 18595745 t gcesareni "Igf-1 activated both the pi3k and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase [?] (erk [?]) Pathways as evidenced by phosphorylation of either akt or erk1 [?]/2 (respectively)" SIGNOR-252690 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr307 IGPDNLPyVQILKTA 9606 8443592 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 154 and 307, which are in the extracellular domain of transmembrane receptor isoforms and are in an unusual sequence context for tyrosine phosphorylation, were also phosphorylated." SIGNOR-98630 SDHB protein P21912 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II" complex SIGNOR-C278 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex II (EC 1.3.5.1) or succinate dehydrogenase (quinone) is shared between the TCA cycle and the ETC and has no proton pumping activity. It is composed of four nDNA-encoded subunits. The two hydrophilic catalytic subunits are SDHA/SDH1 and SDHB/SDH2. Hydrophobic subunits SDHC/SDH3 and SDHD/SDH4 constitute the cII membrane anchor, containing a haem b group and two CoQ binding sites" SIGNOR-262189 lanreotide chemical CHEBI:135901 ChEBI SSTR2 protein P30874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25060168 t miannu "Octreotide long-acting release (LAR) and lanreotide Autogel (ATG) are the two somatostatin analogs currently approved for treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The strength of these drugs has been their specificity for somatostatin receptor subtype 2." SIGNOR-259242 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of mltkalpha by pknalpha enhances its kinase activity" SIGNOR-152768 SEMA3A protein Q14563 UNIPROT PLXNA1 protein Q9UIW2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001176;BTO:0002036 25335892 t miannu "We provide evidence suggesting that, in endothelial cells and glioblastoma cells, plexin-A4 is a required component of both Sema3A and Sema3B receptor complexes and inhibition of its expression nullifies both Sema3A and Sema3B signaling. The specificity for Sema3A or Sema3B is determined by the presence of plexin-A1 in Sema3A receptors and plexin-A2 in Sema3B receptors, and silencing each abrogates signaling by the appropriate semaphorin. " SIGNOR-261813 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr342 NMRPPFTyATLIRWA 9606 24155921 t llicata "Lck phosphorylated tyr-342 of foxp3 by immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assay, and the replacement of tyr-342 with phenylalanine (y342f) abolished the ability to suppress mmp9 expression." SIGNOR-203089 Alkannin chemical CHEBI:2578 ChEBI PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000093;BTO:0000018 21516121 t lperfetto "Shikonin and its analogs inhibit cancer cell glycolysis by targeting tumor pyruvate kinase-M2. |Shikonin and alkannin are potent inhibitors of recombinant human PKM2|Shikonin and alkannin significantly inhibited the glycolytic rate, as manifested by cellular lactate production and glucose consumption in drug-sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MCF-7/Adr, MCF-7/Bcl-2, MCF-7/Bcl-x(L) and A549) that primarily express PKM2." SIGNOR-262009 motesanib chemical CHEBI:51098 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194560 SMARCD2 protein Q92925 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270745 HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT Hemoglobin complex SIGNOR-C209 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18179859 t miannu "AHSP does not bind to β-hemoglobin (βHb) or the hemoglobin tetramer, instead, it specifically binds to free αHb, avoiding its precipitation and its pro-oxidant activity. In the presence of βHb, the αHb-AHSP complex is dismembered and βHb displaces AHSP to generate the quaternary structure of hemoglobin" SIGNOR-255275 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT SYT11 protein Q9BT88 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12925569 t miannu "Parkin binds to the C2A and C2B domains of synaptotagmin XI resulting in the polyubiquitination of synaptotagmin XI. Parkin-mediated ubiquitination also enhances the turnover of sytXI." SIGNOR-272672 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser865 YLSSRRSsGISPCFS 9606 10693759 t lperfetto "Ci/gli zinc finger proteins mediate the transcriptional effects of hedgehog protein signals. In drosophila, ci action as transcriptional repressor or activator is contingent upon hedgehog-regulated, pka-dependent proteolytic processingall six pka phosphorylation sites are required for processing of gli3." SIGNOR-75347 CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT RBP3 protein P10745 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10354480 f miannu "OTX2, as well as CRX, a homeodomain protein very similar to OTX2, activates the human IRBP promoter in co-transfection experiments." SIGNOR-254890 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates relocalization 10090 BTO:0002572 18423396 t lperfetto "Akt1/PKBalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-252837 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000671 12807881 f "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "We found rfp-mediated activation of both exogenous and endogenous forms of the other stress-activated mapk, p38." SIGNOR-269915 PCDHA1 protein Q9Y5I3 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265663 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15894802 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-270279 IFNL3 protein Q8IZI9 UNIPROT IL10RB protein Q08334 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12469119 t gcesareni "Il-28 and il-29 interacted with a heterodimeric class ii cytokine receptor that consisted of il-10 receptor beta (il-10rbeta) and an orphan class ii receptor chain, designated il-28ralpha." SIGNOR-96246 CUDC-907 chemical CID:54575456 PUBCHEM HDAC10 protein Q969S8 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191206 "EEF1B complex" complex SIGNOR-C460 SIGNOR EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome. An inactive eEF1A-GDP moiety leaves the ribosome and must be recycled to eEF1A-GTP before binding another aa-tRNA. This GTP exchange process is the function of the nucleotide exchange factor eEF1B complex, which exchanges GDP for GTP to regenerate active eEF1A." SIGNOR-269389 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser29 IEDSQPEsQVLEDDS 9606 12697768 t llicata "To examine whether the respective sq sites become phosphorylated in vivo, we raised polyclonal antibodies against phosphorylated ser-6 (anti-s6p), phosphorylated ser-25 and ser-29 (anti-s25p/29p), and phosphorylated ser-784 (anti-s784p). All affinity-purified antisera recognized 53bp1" SIGNOR-100645 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 17213822 t miannu "Co-immunoprecipitation analyses and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that ETS1 bound directly to GFI1 via its Ets domain, and GFI1 bound to ETS1 via its zinc-finger domain. Luciferase (Luc) assays using artificial reporters showed that GFI1 repressed ETS1-mediated transcriptional activation and ETS1 repressed GFI1-mediated transcriptional activation, in a dose-dependent manner." SIGNOR-254202 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser102 KDGNGYIsAAELRHV -1 26675311 t miannu "Phosphorylation of CaM at four sites by CK2 was found to follow a sequential order, with Ser81 as the first, Thr79 as the second, and Ser101 or Thr117 as the third." SIGNOR-266354 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR Metabolism phenotype SIGNOR-PH77 SIGNOR up-regulates 18391974 f "Forkhead proteins, and FoxO1 in particular, play a significant role in regulating whole body energy metabolism." SIGNOR-253016 WYE-687 chemical CID:25229450 PUBCHEM MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;ATP-competitive inhibitor mTOR" gcesareni SIGNOR-207818 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 9606 9829964 t gcesareni "Creb is a nuclear target for activation via the growth factor-dependent ser/thr kinase akt/pkb. When overexpressed in serum-stimulated cells, akt/pkb potently induced ser-133 phosphorylation of creb and promoted recruitment of cbp." SIGNOR-62253 CERK protein Q8TCT0 UNIPROT "ceramide 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:84404 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34202192 t miannu "Another relevant enzyme is Ceramide kinase (CerK), which phosphorylates Cer to produce Ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P)." SIGNOR-268499 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr1074 QRGSSGHtPPPSGPP 26190112 t "Activation of AMPK reduces GLI1 protein levels and stability, thus blocking Sonic-hedgehog-induced transcriptional activity. AMPK phosphorylates GLI1 at serines 102 and 408 and threonine 1074. Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK. This leads to increased GLI1 protein stability, transcriptional activity, and oncogenic potency." SIGNOR-253543 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Tyr591 SSDNEYFyVDFREYE 9606 BTO:0005720 24040307 t "Pim-1 Kinase Phosphorylates and Stabilizes 130 kDa FLT3 and Promotes Aberrant STAT5 Signaling in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplication[...]Pim-1 inhibition also decreased phosphorylation of FLT3 at tyrosine 591 and of STAT5, and expression of Pim-1 itself, consistent with inhibition of the FLT3-ITD-STAT5 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-259927 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 1712480 t lperfetto "Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, undergo autophosphorylation on both tyrosine and threonine residues: implications for their mechanism of activation.|" SIGNOR-249415 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser14 TRVFKKSsPNCKLTV 10090 BTO:0002572 26324936 t done miannu "ERK1/2-dependent βarr2 phosphorylation on S14 and T276 induces CXCR4 intracellular sequestration." SIGNOR-274018 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT ITGB5 protein P18084 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257691 MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr749 FGLSKKIySGDYYRQ 9606 8702477 t gcesareni "By using a vaccinia virus expression system to express a constitutively activated form of nyk, we identified the major sites of nyk autophosphorylation in tryptic peptide iy749sgdy753y754r. Tyr-749, tyr-753, and tyr-754 in this peptide lie in the activation loop of the kinase domain." SIGNOR-42914 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25603287 t lperfetto "The central mitotic kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (human cdk1 is present through all stages of the cell cycle, but its activity is cell-cycle regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and cyclin binding.Cdk1-cyclin b phosphorylates ser/thr residues directly preceding pro; thus, it is classified as a proline-directed kinase." SIGNOR-205593 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001372 9430225 f "In thymocytes and peripheral T cells, GILZ gene expression is induced by DEX" SIGNOR-253295 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H2AC11 protein P0C0S8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2 sGRGKQGG 9606 15010469 t gcesareni "We found that msk1 phosphorylated histone h2a on serine 1, and mutation of serine 1 to alanine blocked the inhibition of transcription by msk1." SIGNOR-123383 GAS6 protein Q14393 UNIPROT MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 8939948 t gcesareni "We also found that gas6 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of axl, sky, and mer receptors ectopically expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that gas6 is a common ligand for axl, sky, and mer, all known members of an axl/sky receptor subfamily." SIGNOR-44953 DTL protein Q9NZJ0 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24962565 t miannu "TDG Is Polyubiquitinated by CRL4Cdt2 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase in a PIP Degron-dependent Manner" SIGNOR-272848 VDR protein P11473 UNIPROT HLA-DRB1 protein P01911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 19956544 f "The promoter sequence analysis of HLA-DRB1 0301 showed presence of VDRE involved in higher expression of HLA-DRB1 030, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and real time PCR analysis| The data shows an average of 1.79±0.28 (mean±S.D. of three independent experiments) fold increase in the HLA-DRB1 transcripts from B-LCL treated with calcitriol as compared to the vehicle control." SIGNOR-253978 BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT USP10 protein Q14694 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003704 21962518 t lperfetto "Interestingly, Beclin1 also controls the protein stabilities of USP10 and USP13 by regulating their deubiquitinating activities." SIGNOR-260298 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT HTT protein P42858 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser419 GGRSRSGsIVELIAG 9606 14725621 t llicata "The serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase sgk inhibits mutant huntingtin-induced toxicity by phosphorylating serine 421 of huntingtin." SIGNOR-121349 MMP8 protein P22894 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272375 SAR1A protein Q9NR31 UNIPROT SEC24A protein O95486 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding SIGNOR-C370 30605680 t lperfetto "Biogenesis of COPII vesicles is initiated by the activation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein secretion-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1) at specialized subdomains of the ER, called ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER (tER). Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer." SIGNOR-265303 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 19293931 t gcesareni "In the absence of secreted wnt ligands, cytosolic beta-catenin is phosphorylated at ser45 by the priming kinase casein kinase 1 (ck1). Consequently, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3), in complex with axin and adenomatous polyposis coli (apc), phosphorylates beta-catenin at thr41, ser37, and ser33 apc cooperates with axin to promote the phosphorylation of b-catenin by gsk3 [which requires priming phosphorylation by casein kinase 1, alpha-isoform (ck1alpha)]" SIGNOR-184696 DRD1 protein P21728 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256796 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser282 VGKQAPLsPGLPAMG 9606 20230789 t lperfetto "Accumulating evidence indicates that protein phosphorylation regulates nox activity. In this report, we show that serine282 residue of nox activator 1 (noxa1) is phosphorylated by erk in response to egf resulting in desensitization of nox1 activity" SIGNOR-164227 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT DDAH2 protein O95865 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser245 GGGDLPNsQEALQKL 33850055 t lperfetto "TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a kinase downstream of MAVS, inhibited DDAH2 by phosphorylating DDAH2 at multiple sites. |The T203D, T211D, S245D, and S253D mutations significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of DDAH2 on RLR signaling, suggesting that phosphorylation of these residues was critical for DDAH2 to inhibit activation o" SIGNOR-275648 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2031 CCRMGIKtSEGTPGF 9606 BTO:0000938 20595391 t lperfetto "Three putative autophosphorylation sites (thr-2031, ser-2032, and thr-2035) have been identified within the activation segment of the lrrk2 kinase domain based on sequence homology to mixed-lineage kinases. Phosphorylation at one or more of these sites is critical for the kinase activity of lrrk2." SIGNOR-166470 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257676 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PKN2 protein Q16513 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr816 GYGDRTStFCGTPEF 9606 10753910 t miannu "It is shown that activation in vitro and in vivo involves the activation loop phosphorylation of prk1/2 by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1) /pdk1 phosphorylates the prks at their conserved activation loop threonines (thr-774 and thr-816 for prk1 and prk2, respectively)" SIGNOR-76710 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT DOK4 protein Q8TEW6 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000671 12730241 f gcesareni "Irs5/dok4 and irs6/dok5 represent two new signaling proteins with potential roles in insulin and igf-1 action." SIGNOR-101005 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 9651347 t gcesareni "Our results indicate that ca2+ ions not only anchor the protein to membrane surfaces but also induce conformational changes resulting in pkc activation." SIGNOR-58506 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" acetylation Lys71 GILRRLKkYDNCWLA 9606 BTO:0000007 21726808 t lperfetto "Acetylation Regulates Gluconeogenesis by Promoting PEPCK1 Degradation via Recruiting the UBR5 Ubiquitin Ligase|P300 Acetylates and Destabilizes PEPCK1|Furthermore, coexpression of P300 increased acetylation levels of wild-type PEPCK1, but not PEPCK13K/R, indicating that P300 acts on these lysine residues of PEPCK1" SIGNOR-267603 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194551 ANG protein P03950 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252280 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001176 19036824 t "The increase in eNOS activity coincided with specific dephosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495, known to enhance eNOS activity. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by calyculin A, tautomycetin, or siRNA against PP1 reversed NF-induced eNOS-Thr495 dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-248558 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT SCD protein O00767 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21478464 f miannu "Tr4 transactivation is inhibited via phosphorylation by metformin-induced amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) at the amino acid serine 351, which results in the suppression of scd1 gene expression." SIGNOR-173161 NDUFS7 protein O75251 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The Q-module is built through the association of NDUFA5, NDUFS2 and NDUFS3 plus NDUFS7 and NDUFS8. The chaperones NDUFAF3/C3ORF60 and NDUFAF4/C6ORF66 [36,37] remain bound to this module until the final assembly steps [34]. NDUFAF6/C8ORF38 [38] also seems to participate in the assembly of the Q-module [24,39]. NDUFAF3, 4 and 6, are necessary to maintain normal MT-ND1 synthesis [40,41]. NDUFAF5 adds a hydroxyl group to Arg73 of NDUFS7 [42] and NDUFAF7 dimethylates NDUFS2 in Arg85 [43], an essential modification for cI assembly [44]. NUBPL/IND1 delivers [4Fe–4S] clusters specifically to the N- and Q-module subunits [45,46]." SIGNOR-262181 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser294 QLSKWPGsPTSRSSD 9606 18204439 t lperfetto "Here, we show that erk downregulates forkhead box o 3a (foxo3a) by directly interacting with and phosphorylating foxo3a at ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425, which consequently promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesisMDM2 is required for ERk-mediated FOXO3a degradation." SIGNOR-252957 SIK3 protein Q9Y2K2 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser348 PSLQSSLsNPNLQAS 9606 BTO:0000567 16306228 t lperfetto "We found that QSK and SIK phosphorylated TORC2 at Ser171 as well as at least two additional residues, namely Ser70 and Ser348|QIK also phosphorylates the CREB co-activator TORC2, in unstimulated cells, to sequester it in the cell cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting CREB-dependent gene-expression" SIGNOR-249170 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr118 VGEEEHVySFPNKQK 9606 15688067 t miannu "Paxillin is phosphorylated by FAK–Src on Tyr31 and Tyr118, and this can also promote SH2-mediated binding of Crk to paxillin. Overexpressing paxillin that is mutated at these phosphorylation sites inhibits the turnover of focal contacts6 and cell motility, which therefore supports the presence of multiple routes for FAK–Src-mediated signalling in modulating the dynamics of cell adhesion sites." SIGNOR-28243 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr463 NDTGSRYyKEIPLSE 9606 12637538 t llicata "By using a phospho-specific antibody, we show that abl directly phosphorylates pkd at tyr(463) in vitro, and in cells phosphorylation of this site is sufficient to mediate full activation of pkd" SIGNOR-99255 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257696 FBXO15 protein Q8NCQ5 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005816 24703837 t miannu "Fbxo15 Targets CLS1 Protein for Ubiquitination and Degradation to Disrupt Mitochondrial Function. S. aureus infection induces expression of a kinase, PINK1, that phosphorylates an indispensable protein CLS1, which in turn triggers CLS1 ubiquitination and degradation by the F box protein (SCFFbxo15)." SIGNOR-272171 "perfluorooctanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:35549 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 BTO:0000011 16731579 t miannu "Taken together, these data show that of the NRs studied, PPARα is the most likely target of PFOA and PFOS, although PPARγ is also activated to some extent." SIGNOR-268788 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR SLC7A11 protein Q9UPY5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser26 NVNGRLPsLGNKEPP 9606 BTO:0002036 28648777 t miannu "MTORC2 phosphorylates serine 26 at the cytosolic N terminus of xCT, inhibiting its activity. " SIGNOR-273682 SF3B2 protein Q13435 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270664 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 20068231 t Luana "Phosphorylation of thr-69 by mapk14 and mapk11, and at thr-71 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1, mapk11, mapk12 and mapk14 in response to external stimulus like insulin causes increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-260755 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 FLMECRNsPVTKTPP 9823 BTO:0001840 SIGNOR-C3 23486913 t lperfetto "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway. Specifically as part of mtorc1, mtor directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein s6 kinases (s6k1 and s6k2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-219257 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr473 QHRARQKtLEHLQLS 9606 BTO:0003324 25323588 t miannu "Hexokinase II is phosphorylated by Akt leading to increased mitochondrial binding and mitochondrial protection.We found that Akt, activated by receptor agonists, translocates to mitochondria and phosphorylates HK-II at Thr473, a critical step in Akt-mediated mitoHK-II increase and protection in cardiomyocytes" SIGNOR-267576 aminoglutethimide chemical CHEBI:2654 ChEBI CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19470632 t Luana " A new naturally occurring relatively common alteration of enzyme structure at T201M increases enzyme activity and reduces the inhibitory effect of aminoglutethimide." SIGNOR-257824 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15071501 f "JNK-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 at Ser184 reduces its affinity for Bax." gcesareni "Demonstrate that jnk-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 induces the release of bax from 14-3-3 and triggers its translocation to the mitochondria;these results strongly indicate that jnk regulates the activity of bax by phosphorylating 14-3-3 proteins." SIGNOR-124023 MRPL28 protein Q13084 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262367 ZNF224 protein Q9NZL3 UNIPROT Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17900823 f "inferred from family member" miannu "We previously reported that ZNF224, a novel Kr√ºppel-associated box-containing zinc-finger protein, represses aldolase A gene transcription by interacting with the KAP-1 co-repressor." SIGNOR-270227 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 19917253 t lperfetto "Through its ww domain, nedd4l specifically recognizes a tgf-beta-induced phosphothr-protyr motif in the linker region, resulting in smad2/3 polyubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-232104 SMARCA5 protein O60264 UNIPROT "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-268825 TLR2 protein O60603 UNIPROT TIRAP protein P58753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t scontino "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-266745 MED30 protein Q96HR3 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266673 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12540601 f fspada "We have shown that stat5a is associated with the glucocorticoid receptor during adipogenesis in a highly regulated manner." SIGNOR-210146 BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT CPC complex SIGNOR-C554 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23175282 t miannu "It is now known that the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is composed of four subunits: the enzymatic component Aurora B and the three regulatory and targeting components INCENP, Survivin and Borealin (also known as Dasra)5–7 (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-275424 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 7632958 f irozzo "Moreover, GATA-1 but not GATA-2 or GATA-3 was able to transactivate SCL promoter 1a in a T-cell environment. These results suggest that inactivity of SCL promoter 1a in T cells reflected the absence of GATA-1 rather than the presence of trans-dominant negative regulators." SIGNOR-256047 DOCK8 protein Q8NF50 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 28028151 t lperfetto "Recently, DOCK8 was identified as a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42 activation and has been associated with human mental retardation. " SIGNOR-268412 FIZ1 protein Q96SL8 UNIPROT CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9913 12566383 t miannu "Interaction of Fiz1 and NRL-leucine zipper was validated by GST pulldown assays and co-immunoprecipitation from bovine retinal nuclear extracts. Fiz1 suppressed NRL- but not CRX-mediated transactivation of rhodopsin promoter activity in transiently transfected CV1 cells." SIGNOR-223799 LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15856019 t gcesareni "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13." SIGNOR-135822 SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT SMAD8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C206 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10116 9371779 t ggiuliani "As shown in Fig. 2, immunoprecipitation of Smad8 with an anti-myc antibody could bring down the Flag-tagged Smad4 only in the presence of CA-ALK-2, indicating that only activation of ALK-2 but not ALK-4 could induce the heteromerization of Smad8 with Smad4." SIGNOR-255776 CCK protein P06307 UNIPROT CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10368033 t gcesareni "Cck8 interacts with nanomolar affinities with two different receptors designated cck-a and cck-b" SIGNOR-68474 ING1 protein Q9UK53 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 15662138 f miannu "Ectopic expression of p33ING1b could obviously upregulate p53, p21WAF1 and bax protein levels and activate caspase-3 in taxol-treated U2OS cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that p33ING1b enhances taxol-induced apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway in human osteosarcoma cells." SIGNOR-254490 RING1 protein Q06587 UNIPROT FHL1 protein Q13642 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14999091 t gcesareni "The polycombprotein ring1 interacts with the lim domains of kyot2 in yeast and mammalian cells. The interaction between kyot2 and ring1 was detected both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-123150 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000018 22024926 t miannu "Here, we show that a relatively new E3 ligase component belonging to the SCF (Skip-Cullin1-F-box protein) E3 ligase family, SCF (FBXL2) , impairs cell proliferation by mediating cyclin D3 polyubiquitination and degradation. " SIGNOR-271887 1-[[4-(1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradec-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane chemical CHEBI:125354 ChEBI CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206268 Naltrindole chemical CHEBI:81528 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258817 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT MPZL1 protein O95297 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr263 NKSESVVyADIRKN 9606 10681522 t gcesareni "In vitro, tyrosine-phosphorylated pzr was efficiently dephosphorylated by the full-length form of shp-2 but not by its sh2 domain-truncated form. The coexisting binding and dephosphorylation of pzr by shp-2 may function to terminate signal transduction initiated by pzr and shp-2 and to set a threshold for the signal transduction to be initiated." SIGNOR-75220 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263790 PIEZO2 protein Q9H5I5 UNIPROT "Hair cells mechanotransduction channel" complex SIGNOR-C290 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The pore forming subunits of the hair cells mechanotransduction channel still need to be identified, but some candidates have emerged including TMC-1,TMC-2 (Kawashima et al., 2011), Piezo1 and Piezo2 (Coste et al., 2010; Coste et al., 2012)." SIGNOR-262572 SART1 protein O43290 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270623 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004911 20395365 f Regulation miannu "BCL11A and SOX6 co-occupy the human beta-globin cluster along with GATA1, and cooperate in silencing gamma-globin transcription in adult human erythroid progenitors." SIGNOR-251806 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25092144 f miannu "We showed a strong induction of miR-155 promoter activity by p65. We demonstrate that NF-κB (p65) directly binds to the miR-155 promoter in FLT3-ITD-associated MV4;11 cells." SIGNOR-255816 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser69 GPLAPPAsPGPFATR 9606 18174237 t gcesareni "Constitutive activation of the c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) pathway in sup-t1 cells promoted phosphorylation and degradation of bimel via the proteosome." SIGNOR-160323 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser213 QNIPAHYsPRTSPIM 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248371 EXOC7 protein Q9UPT5 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12687004 f gcesareni "So, the exocyst might have a crucial role in the targeting of the glut4 vesicle to the plasma membrane, perhaps directing the vesicle to the precise site of fusion" SIGNOR-100242 OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr212 TNTYYLRtFGHNTMD 9606 12145304 t gcesareni "Oxidative stress-responsive kinase-1 (osr1) is a known upstream regulator of n(k)ccs. these results suggest that, globally, osr1 is involved in the regulation of bp and renal tubular na(+) reabsorption mainly via the activation of nkcc1 and nkcc2." SIGNOR-90931 USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT DDB2 protein Q92466 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination 9606 23159851 t miannu "Usp24-mediated ddb2 deubiquitination prevents ddb2 degradation" SIGNOR-199731 arginine smallmolecule CHEBI:29016 ChEBI Arg-tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:18366 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270370 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser342 SKLTHSLsTSDITAI 9606 BTO:0000971 16163388 t llicata "MDMX is a direct substrate for Chk1 and Chk2 in vitro. Phosphorylation of MDMX leads to increased binding to MDM2 and more efficient ubiquitination, providing an explanation for the enhanced degradation of MDMX after DNA damage. | Western blot showed that Chk1 modified S342 and S367, but with strong preference for S342." SIGNOR-250770 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31092637 t miannu " Further analysis indicated that CUL7 mediated AID ubiquitination by forming a complex with FBXW11. In a CUL7 fl/fl CD19 cre+ mouse model, we demonstrated that CUL7 knockout significantly enhanced AID protein levels in B cells in the germinal center and increased both the IgG1 and IgA class switching. Collectively, our results reveal a subtle regulation mechanism for tightly controlling AID protein levels. F-box proteins are components of SCF ubiquitin-ligase complexes that contain Skp1, CUL1, or CUL7, and an F-box protein" SIGNOR-272025 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser139 RRGLLYDsDEEDEER 9606 16899510 t Luana "Taken together, these results indicate that Cdc7/Dbf4 phosphorylation of MCM2 is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells. | Because MCM2 was phosphorylated in vivo at Ser27, Ser41, and Ser139, which were phosphorylated by Cdc7/Dbf4 in vitro, the results suggested that Ser27, Ser41, and Ser139 are in vivo Cdc7/Dbf4 phosphorylation sites in MCM2." SIGNOR-259850 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr576 RYMEDSTyYKASKGK 9606 21454698 t gcesareni "The identification of focal adhesion kinase (fak) as a direct substrate for ret kinase revealed (i) a ret-fak transactivation mechanism consisting of direct phosphorylation of fak tyr-576/577 by ret and a reciprocal phosphorylation of ret by fak, which crucially is able to rescue the kinase-impaired ret k758m mutant and (ii) that fak binds ret via its ferm domain. Interestingly, this interaction is abolished upon ret phosphorylation, indicating that ret binding to the ferm domain of fak is a priming step for ret-fak transactivation." SIGNOR-173013 SLC4A10 protein Q6U841 UNIPROT hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 23056253 t miannu "The sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger NCBE (Slc4a10), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, uses the transmembrane gradient of sodium to drive cellular net uptake of bicarbonate and to extrude chloride, thereby modulating both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) in neurons. " SIGNOR-264687 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "In fasted mammals, glucose homeostasis is maintained through induction of the camp response element-binding protein (creb) coactivator transducer of regulated creb activity 2 (torc2), which stimulates the gluconeogenic program in concert with the forkhead factor foxo1" SIGNOR-270285 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr142 AVVNLINyQDDAELA 10090 22264731 t "VEGF pathway" Gianni "VEGF promotes tension-independent FAK activation, rapid FAK localization to cell-cell junctions, binding of the FAK FERM domain to the vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) cytoplasmic tail, and direct FAK phosphorylation of β-catenin at tyrosine-142 (Y142) facilitating VE-cadherin-β-catenin dissociation and EC junctional breakdown." SIGNOR-261946 DCAF11 protein Q8TEB1 UNIPROT GEN1 protein Q17RS7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31409866 t miannu "(WDR23) isoforms differentially ubiquitinate (GEN1). In the presence of the necessary components for a successful ubiquitination reaction (CUL4A-DDB1-WDR23 complex, UBE1, UBE2D1, ubiquitin, and ATP) GEN1 receives the addition of ubiquitin in a time dependent manner." SIGNOR-272258 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser114 RKLQGRPsPGPPAPE 9606 BTO:0000938 20213743 t llicata "Together, our data suggest that cdk5 can phosphorylate enos at the ser-113 site and down-regulate enos-derived no levels." SIGNOR-164080 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Leu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29169 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269489 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270708 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser364 FGQRDRSsSAPNVHI 9606 10869359 t lperfetto "We show that phosphorylation of b-raf by akt occurs at multiple residues within its amino terminal regulatory domain, at both the conserved and unique phosphorylation sites. Akt phosphorylated b-raf on s364 and s428 to inactivate its kinase activity b-raf contains three akt consensus sites, table i. One site, ser364 is conserved with c-raf;however, two sites, ser428 and thr439, are unique to b-raf" SIGNOR-244152 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2D3 protein P61077 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271348 DUSP9 protein Q99956 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 21908610 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that inactivation of both erk1/2 and p38_ by dusp9/mkp-4 is mediated by a conserved arginine-rich kinase interaction motif located within the amino-terminal non-catalytic domain of the protein." SIGNOR-269924 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 29901072 t miannu "AT7519, a pyrazole 3-carboxyamide compound, was developed by Astex and acts as an inhibitor of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and CDK9." SIGNOR-262218 SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000011 26893351 t "SOX6 interacts with β-catenin in adipocytes, suggesting an inhibition of WNT/β-catenin signaling, thereby promoting adipogenesis." SIGNOR-256073 DDAH2 protein O95865 UNIPROT "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 33850055 f lperfetto "Upon viral infection, DDAH2 relocated to mitochondria, where it induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)" SIGNOR-275649 STRN protein O43815 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 29802198 t miannu "The striatin family proteins interact with the structural (A) and catalytic (C) subunits of the protein phosphatase, PP2A, and are also termed the B‴ family of PP2A subunits (4). Within heterotrimeric PP2A complexes, striatins function as one of many regulatory B subunits thought to be responsible for substrate selection and localization of PP2A isoforms" SIGNOR-261700 Kallidin smallmolecule CHEBI:6102 ChEBI BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257465 OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr212 TNTYYLRtFGHNTMD 9606 16669787 t miannu "We have identified three residues in nkcc1 (thr175/thr179/thr184 in shark or thr203/thr207/thr212 in human) that are phosphorylated by spak and osr1 / exposure of hek-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells to osmotic stress, which leads to phosphorylation and activation of nkcc1, increased phosphorylation of nkcc1 at the sites targeted by spak/osr1" SIGNOR-146521 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DMB protein P28068 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11889043 f "Promoter-specific functions of CIITA and the MHC class II enhanceosome in transcriptional activation|We compared four genes co-regulated by RFX and CIITA (HLA-DRA, HLA-DPB, HLA-DMB and Ii) and found that the enhanceosome and CIITA make variable, promoter-dependent contributions to histone acetylation and transcription apparatus recruitment." SIGNOR-254016 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser357 PHRSTPEsRAAVQEL 9606 BTO:0000007 17360711 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of serines 353 and 357 by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta) induces a structural change of the hydrophilic loop of ps1the structural change of ps1 reduces the interaction with beta-catenin leading to decreased phosphorylation and ubiquitination of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-228022 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 10090 18177723 f lperfetto "Interestingly, since IL-6 production by nerve-mediated skeletal muscle contraction has recently been shown to be partly dependent on the activation of the calcineurin pathway |The fact that IL-6 is produced not only by proliferating satellite cells but also by growing myofibers during hypertrophy" SIGNOR-252340 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser165 LFQLGPPsPVKMPSP 9606 10656688 t llicata "Hpttg is phosphorylated by cdc2 at ser165 these results suggest that hpttg is induced by, and may have a role in, regulatory pathways involved in the control of cell proliferation." SIGNOR-74619 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser759 KTPDGNKsPAPKPSD 9606 BTO:0001260 10514499 t lperfetto "Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) phosphorylate the high molecular mass isoform of the actin-binding protein caldesmon (h-cad) at two sites (ser(759) and ser(789)) during smooth muscle stimulation. Nmr spectroscopy shows that the actin binding properties of the minimal inhibitory region of caldesmon, residues 750-779, alter upon map kinase phosphorylation of ser-759, a residue not involved in actin binding. This phosphorylation leads to markedly diminished actin affinity as a result of the loss of interaction at one of the two sites that bind to f-actin." SIGNOR-71041 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT ROS1 protein P08922 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr2110 FGLARDIyKNDYYRK 9606 17416557 t gcesareni "In an approach to gain insight into the sequence-dependent dephosphorylation of multiple phosphotyrosyl-containing peptides by the phosphatases shp-1 and ptp1b, we applied a chromatographic technique for the analysis of the dephosphorylation products." SIGNOR-154199 "Papain-like proteinase" protein P0C6X9-PRO_0000037340 UNIPROT IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" 9606 BTO:0000007 17761676 f lperfetto "SARS-CoV PLpro domain inhibits activation of IFN-β promoter following engagement of TLR3 or RIG-I pathways independent of its protease activity" SIGNOR-260277 RIMBP3C protein A6NJZ7 UNIPROT RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264372 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT TANC2 protein Q9HCD6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 21068316 t miannu "In the present study, we provide evidence that TANC1 and its close relative TANC2 regulate dendritic spines and excitatory synapses. our results indicate that TANC-dependent spine/synapse maintenance requires TANC binding to PSD-95, which promotes synaptic localization of TANC proteins. Thus, it is likely that interaction with PSD-95 concentrates TANC proteins at synapses, where they play a role in mediating PSD-95-dependent maintenance of spines and synapses." SIGNOR-266895 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-106475 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 30274374 f miannu "AMPK inhibits the mTOR pathway through phosphorylation and activation of tuberous sclerosis protein 2 (TSC2) and causes direct activation of unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) via phosphorylation of Ser555, thus promoting initiation of autophagy." SIGNOR-260096 DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20978344 f "inferred from family member" miannu "The active thyroid hormone 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) is a major regulator of skeletal muscle function. The deiodinase family of enzymes controls the tissue-specific activation and inactivation of the prohormone thyroxine (T4). Here we show that type 2 deiodinase (D2) is essential for normal mouse myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Indeed, D2-mediated increases in T3 were essential for the enhanced transcription of myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) and for execution of the myogenic program." SIGNOR-270306 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT CRY2 protein Q49AN0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253632 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1404 EEIKSQNsQESTADE 9606 12086603 t lperfetto "These results suggest that s222 and either s1401, s1404, or s1408 are sites of atm-dependent phosphorylation in vitro.Phosphorylation Of fancd2 is required for activation of an s phase checkpoint" SIGNOR-90113 PARVA protein Q9NVD7 UNIPROT "IPP complex" complex SIGNOR-C380 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16493410 t lperfetto "Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH and parvin form a ternary complex (the IPP complex) that binds to ECM-ligated integrins. This complex regulates signalling pathways and connects the ECM with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-265761 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000018 22024926 t miannu "Here, we show that a relatively new E3 ligase component belonging to the SCF (Skip-Cullin1-F-box protein) E3 ligase family, SCF (FBXL2) , impairs cell proliferation by mediating cyclin D3 polyubiquitination and degradation. " SIGNOR-271889 CCR3 protein P51677 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11591790 f "We and others have recently found that eotaxin activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in eosinophils, and that these kinases are indispensable for eosinophil chemotaxis and degranulation" SIGNOR-254357 COL6A1 protein P12109 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Muscle basement membrane consists primarily of a type IV collagen network, however types VI, XV, and XVIII are also present." SIGNOR-254673 SUZ12 protein Q15022 UNIPROT SUZ12/EZH2 complex SIGNOR-C77 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16712789 t miannu "Suz12 is a polycomb group protein that forms polycomb repressive complexes (prc2/3) together with eed and histone methyltransferase ezh2." SIGNOR-146764 PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr531 FTATEPQyQPGENL 9606 BTO:0000782 17507376 t gcesareni "Ptpalpha is a more widely expressed transmembrane ptp that has been shown to regulate the src family kinases, src and fyn, and is also present in t cells." SIGNOR-154796 MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT MYH1 protein P12882 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238754 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr183 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY -1 16054095 t lperfetto "The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical regulator of energy balance at both the cellular and whole-body levels. Two upstream kinases have been reported to activate AMPK in cell-free assays, i.e., the tumor suppressor LKB1 and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase." SIGNOR-139297 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255528 GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257226 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCNO protein P22674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser81 PSAARGGsPLPGPAQ 9606 BTO:0000007 25364462 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin O, a novel cyclin family protein containing a cyclin-like domain, is involved in the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2|This activity was reduced in cells overexpressing cyclin O, in which the 81st serine had been replaced with alanine (S81A). These results suggest that cyclin O is a novel cyclin family protein that regulates CDK2 kinase activity, which is mediated by the phosphorylation of the 81st serine residue of cyclin O|CKD2 phosphorylates the 81st serine residue of cyclin O" SIGNOR-275615 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257958 NVP-BEP800 chemical CID:25210273 PUBCHEM HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194904 THOC5 protein Q13769 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33191911 t miannu "The TREX complex is found in all eukaryotes and contains the multi-subunit THO complex, the DEXD-box RNA helicase UAP56/DDX39B (yeast Sub2), and an RNA export adapter such as ALYREF (yeast Yra1). The human THO complex comprises six subunits, THOC1, −2, –3, −5, –6, and −7, of which four have known counterparts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc): THOC1 (yeast Hpr1), −2 (yeast Tho2), −3 (yeast Tex3), and −7 (yeast Mft1) . In this study we focus on the conserved TREX complex (Heath et al., 2016; Xie and Ren, 2019): THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF, and hereafter refer to UAP56/DDX39B as UAP56." SIGNOR-268506 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT WASF2 protein Q9Y6W5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser484 IAVEYSDsEDDSSEF 9606 19012317 t gcesareni "Here we identify five casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation sites within the vca domain of wave2, serines 482, 484, 488, 489, and 497. Phosphorylation of these sites is required for a high affinity interaction with the arp2/3 complex;we and show that their mutation to non-phosphorylatable alanine residues inhibits wave2 function in vivo." SIGNOR-182354 MTCH2 protein Q9Y6C9 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21295084 t gcesareni "Mtch2/mimp and its role in bid recruitment may synergise with cl-induced mitosome formation to facilitate momp." SIGNOR-171773 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 23136067 t miannu "SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 (RING box protein 2), ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), or RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), was originally cloned in our laboratory as a redox inducible antioxidant protein and later characterized as the second member of the RBX/ROC RING component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL-F-box Proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligase.  by forming a complex with other components of the SCF E3 ligase, SAG promotes ubiquitination and degradation of a number of protein substrates, including c-JUN, DEPTOR, HIF-1α, IκBα, NF1, NOXA, p27, and procaspase-3, thus regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes." SIGNOR-271449 ME1 protein P48163 UNIPROT NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24769394 t miannu "The major NADPH-producing enzymes in the cell are glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), malic enzyme (ME) in the pyruvate cycling pathway, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle" SIGNOR-267055 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser54 ELQPMPTsPGVDLQS 9606 SIGNOR-C83 12714602 t lperfetto "We reported that the dna helicase activity of the human and mouse mcm4-6-7 complex, a sub-complex of the mcm2-7 heterohexamer, is inhibited by the phosphorylation by cdk2-cyclin a we identified six sites, including ser-32, ser-53, and thr-109, in the amino-terminal region of mouse mcm4 that are required for the phosphorylation with cdk2-cyclin a." SIGNOR-100885 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "As a permissive environment is created at these loci, p38 further stimulates gene expression through the phosphorylation of additional myogenic transcription factors, including mef2c and e47." SIGNOR-176551 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT CAPN10 protein Q9HC96 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255091 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 33850055 f lperfetto "Upon viral infection, DDAH2 relocated to mitochondria, where it induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)" SIGNOR-275650 DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257369 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1346 SFDERQPyAHMNGGR -1 8940173 t miannu "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246260 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser371 AHSSHLKsKKGQSTS -1 9571186 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that cotransfection of p53 with either PKC alpha or PKC zeta increases p53's transcriptional activity. Mutagenesis of p53 indicates that serine 371 is the major site for phosphorylation by PKC alpha in vitro." SIGNOR-248999 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT IFITM3 protein Q01628 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Tyr20 NSGQPPNyEMLKEEH 10090 BTO:0000452 24627473 t miannu "We determined that both mouse and human IFITM3 are phosphorylated by the protein-tyrosine kinase FYN on tyrosine 20 (Tyr(20)). Phosphorylation of IFITM3 on Tyr20 Leads to Plasma Membrane Accumulation." SIGNOR-266304 "g-TuRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C282 SIGNOR TUBG1 protein P23258 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 31862189 t lperfetto "Despite its asymmetric architecture, the γ-TuRC arranges γ-tubulins into a helical geometry poised to nucleate microtubules." SIGNOR-262325 DDX46 protein Q7L014 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270669 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT IWS1 protein Q96ST2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr721 QRRRMNStGGQTPRR 9606 BTO:0003536 24462114 t miannu "The data presented in this report confirmed the differential phosphorylation of IWS1 at Ser720/Thr721 by Akt3 and Akt1 and showed that its phosphorylation at this site is required for the recruitment of SetD2 to the Spt6-IWS1-Aly/REF complex." SIGNOR-273495 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT LIG3 protein P49916 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser210 TTTGQVTsPVKGASF 9606 17040896 t llicata "Dna ligase iii_ is specifically phosphorylated in replicating cells by the cell cycle kinase cdk2. However, in response to oxidative dna damage, dna ligase iii_ is dephosphorylated in a pathway that is dependent upon the dna damage-activated, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (pi3)1-related kinase atm." SIGNOR-150121 ARAP1 protein Q96P48 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260451 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271055 sitagliptin chemical CHEBI:40237 ChEBI DPP4 protein P27487 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20927248 t Luana "Sitagliptin is a competitive, reversible, fast and tight binding DPP-IV inhibitor" SIGNOR-257883 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23242655 f "Our previous studies demonstrated that mutant p53 along with repression complex proteins including DNMT1, HDAC1 and MeCP2 is associated with ER-negative promoter in MDA-MB-468 cells." SIGNOR-254028 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser857 PPYNRAVsLDSPVSV 9606 15383283 t gcesareni "Herein, we report the successful identification of six functional in vivo src-3 phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-127064 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 10200555 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for blebbing, chromatin condensation and dna fragmentation" SIGNOR-256477 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19396168 f miannu "ADAMTS1 and CXCR4, two candidate genes strongly associated with cell migration, were upregulated in the presence of ERG overexpression." SIGNOR-253911 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC4 protein P04908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHK 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271747 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr254 RQVAIVFRtPPYADPS 10090 BTO:0000249 22761446 t "Redundant functions of GSK-3_ and GSK-3_ through phosphorylation of RelA at Thr-254 play a crucial role in early stages of chondrocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-255827 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15713663 t gcesareni "Cyclin d1 bound hdac in vivo and preferentially physically associated with hdac1, hdac2, hdac3, and hdac5." SIGNOR-134059 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT CDCA8 protein Q53HL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr230 DSKEIFLtVPVGGGE 9606 19530738 t lperfetto "We found that substitutions at borealin t230, recently identified as an mps1 phosphorylation site, can modulate the dimerization state of borealin. Mutation of this single residue to alanine or valine impairs aurora b activity during mitosis and causes chromosome segregation defects" SIGNOR-186147 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT TNFRSF10B protein O14763 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 34589486 t miannu "Depletion of FKBP51 impairs the acetylation status of YY1 and interferes with its binding on the DR5 promoter. The lack of the repressor activity of YY1 increases DR5 transcription and sensitizes melanoma cell to TRAIL-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-268793 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1644 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248748 CCNO protein P22674 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25364462 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin O, a novel cyclin family protein containing a cyclin-like domain, is involved in the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2|This activity was reduced in cells overexpressing cyclin O, in which the 81st serine had been replaced with alanine (S81A). These results suggest that cyclin O is a novel cyclin family protein that regulates CDK2 kinase activity, which is mediated by the phosphorylation of the 81st serine residue of cyclin O" SIGNOR-275616 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1278 FGMARDIyRASYYRK -1 15938644 t llicata "ALK SelectiVely Phosphorylates the First Tyrosine in Its A-Loop Peptide." SIGNOR-250575 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269627 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTSATVG 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271752 MAF protein O75444 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9566892 t miannu "Full-length c-maf binds to the c-myb and ets-1. / c-maf inhibits c-myb and ets-1 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-56808 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser627 VKLFSGLsVSSEGPS 9606 15987997 t miannu "Phosphorylation and stabilization of HURP by Aurora-A. Four phosphorylated residues were identified, namely, HURP-S627, -S725, -S757, and -S830, with 65% amino acid sequence coverage. we propose here that Aurora-A may phosphorylate HURP and this probably attenuates the negative impact of cdk1 phosphorylation and by inhibiting subsequent proteasome activity and this will generate a longer HURP half-life." SIGNOR-262649 PTPRE protein P23469 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 10116 BTO:0000575 15738637 t "In this study, we showed that receptor-type PTPepsilon (PTP epsilonM) dephosphorylated IR in rat primary hepatocytes and tyrosines 972, 1158, 1162 and 1163| These results suggest that PTPepsilonM is a negative regulator of IR signaling and involved in insulin-induced glucose metabolism mainly through direct dephosphorylation and inactivation of IR in hepatocytes and liver." SIGNOR-248444 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr576 RYMEDSTyYKASKGK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254719 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-142153 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MPLKIP protein Q8TAP9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr120 QGSPRTStPFGSGRV 9606 17310276 t lperfetto "Ttdn1 is phosphorylated by cdk1 in vitro and in vivo. Ttdn1 is phosphorylated at multiple residues, including ser93 and ser104. Mutation of thr120 of ttdn1 abolishes its interaction with plk1, suggesting phosphorylation of thr120 in the consensus plk1-binding motif is required for its interaction with plk1" SIGNOR-153308 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17978169 t gcesareni "Electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and streptavidin DNA binding assays revealed that DEX increased binding of HNF4alpha to the HNF4-RE and that an interaction of GR and HNF4alpha occurred at this site." SIGNOR-251684 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10464286 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-265345 CCNO protein P22674 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 37197505 t lperfetto "CDK2 is the predominant activating complex form of CCNO, but CCNO can bind to CDK1 to form an activating complex in the absence of CDK2." SIGNOR-275617 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10648599 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Tfii-i can be phosphorylated in vitro by erk and mutation of consensus map kinase substrate sites at serines 627 and 633 impairs the phosphorylation of tfii-i by erk and its activity on the c-fos promoter. These results suggest that erk regulates the activity of tfii-i by direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-270057 UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT TRIM65 protein Q6PJ69 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 24778252 t miannu "Ubiquitination assays demonstrate that TRIM65 is an ubiquitin E3 ligase for TNRC6 proteins. The combination of overexpression and knockdown studies establishes that TRIM65 relieves miRNA-driven suppression of mRNA expression through ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TNRC6. TRIM65 regulates ubiquitination and stability of TNRC6. (A) In vitro ubiquitination of TNRC6A by TRIM65 plus E1, E2 (UBCH5A, also known as UBE2D1), ATP, and HA-Ub. GST-tagged TRIM65 and mutant TRIM65 were purified from bacteria. TRIM65 regulates ubiquitination and stability of TNRC6. (A) In vitro ubiquitination of TNRC6A by TRIM65 plus E1, E2 (UBCH5A, also known as UBE2D1), ATP, and HA-Ub. GST-tagged TRIM65 and mutant TRIM65 were purified from bacteria." SIGNOR-272175 PHF5A protein Q7RTV0 UNIPROT SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32140746 t lperfetto "Characterization of the purified SF3b complex indicated that it consists of seven proteins with a molecular size ranging from 10 to 155 kDa [10–12] (Fig. 1a). Due to methodological differences in identifying SF3b components in human and yeast, a number of names have been designated for these proteins across different species. In this review, I will use SF3b1-7 for consistency and clarity (Fig. 1a)." SIGNOR-268409 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14592841 f "Thus, induction of C/EBPα and PU.1 expression is inhibited in 32D cells due to the expression of FLT3/ITD" SIGNOR-261529 HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT PLAGL2 protein Q9UPG8 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 16207715 t miannu "Plag1 and plagl2 are also regulated by acetylation. They are acetylated and activated by p300 and deacetylated and repressed by hdac7." SIGNOR-140953 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr681 DIYSTDYyRVGGRTM 9606 9099755 t gcesareni "In vitro studies indicate that trka autophosphorylates at tyrosines 490, 670, 674, 675, and 785" SIGNOR-47179 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT UBE2H protein P62256 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20028976 t lperfetto "Tal1 expression activated UBE2H expression, whereas Tal1 knock-down reduced UBE2H expression and ubiquitin transfer activity.|Binding of Tal1 to UBE2H was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation." SIGNOR-269000 CPN1 protein P15169 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Tyr141 STVLTSKyR -1 8635221 t miannu "Both human plasma carboxypeptidase N (CPN) and membrane-bound carboxypeptidase M (CPM) released the C-terminal arginine (alpha-Arg141) of the alpha chain of human adult hemoglobin. Thus, the hydrolysis of hemoglobin by CPM and CPN demonstrated the contribution of the alpha-Arg141 residue to sustaining the tetrameric structure of hemoglobin and its normal oxygen affinity and vasoactivity." SIGNOR-256508 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser12 PRHSIYSsDEDDEDF -1 7735324 t llicata "For c-Myb mutational analysis of the CKII phosphorylation sites showed altered steady state DNA binding. Replacing Ser-11/12 by alanine residues resulted in increased DNA binding compared to wt c-Myb or Myb Asp-11/12 as demonstrated by up to 10-fold differences in the dissociation constants. " SIGNOR-250919 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser122 RIQEQESsGEEDSDL -1 8288648 t llicata "Recombinant wild-type I-2 and the Ala-120/121 mutant were phosphorylated synergistically by GSK-3 and casein kinase II. The Thr-72 and Ser-86 mutants, however, did not undergo this synergistic phosphorylation. Our studies indicate that Thr-72 is the only GSK-3 site and that Ser-86 is the casein kinase II site required for the potentiation of GSK-3 action." SIGNOR-251021 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 25309941 f "Following GSK3β activation, NF-κB is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and binds transcriptional sites with CBP leading to an increase in the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6)." SIGNOR-255485 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser129 SGSPSDNsGAEEMEV 9606 BTO:0000007 21735093 t gcesareni "CK2 hyperactivates AKT by phosphorylation at Ser129" SIGNOR-252595 p62_complex complex SIGNOR-C259 SIGNOR Nuclear_pore_function phenotype SIGNOR-PH130 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 2050741 f miannu "Thus, the p62-p58-p54 complex defines a group of proteins with strong protein-protein interactions that form a unit of pore structure essential for pore function." SIGNOR-261261 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser615 SYKIRFNsISCSDPL 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251628 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258846 FEV protein Q99581 UNIPROT ICAM1 protein P05362 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12761502 f miannu "Fev acts as a transcriptional repressor through its dna-binding ets domain and alanine-rich domain. / we show here that fev dramatically represses both basal and ectopically ets-activated transcription driven by the icam-1 promoter, and that the effect is dose dependent." SIGNOR-101246 NRXN2 protein Q9P2S2 UNIPROT NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22626544 t miannu "The neurexin–NL2 interaction is sufficient to induce GABAergic differentiation and clustering of GABAARs at postsynaptic sites" SIGNOR-265454 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 16854453 t gcesareni "Akt and protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylate s259 on raf-1 and inhibit its activity." SIGNOR-147963 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 RFIGSPRtPVSPVKF 9606 15774499 t gcesareni "The principal target of rapamycin-induced p70s6k inactivation is a novel phosphorylation site within a conserved hydrophobic domain." SIGNOR-134654 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT NQO1 protein P15559 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8962164 f irozzo "These results indicated that hARE-mediated expression of the NQO1 gene and its induction by xenobiotics and antioxidants are mediated by Nrf1 and Nrf2." SIGNOR-256279 "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253280 GREB1 protein Q4ZG55 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 31462641 t miannu "GREB1 is localized to the nucleus where it binds Smad2/3 in a competitive manner with p300 and inhibits TGFβ signaling, thereby promoting HepG2 HB cell proliferation. Binding of GREB1 to Smad2/3 inhibits transcription" SIGNOR-265884 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT SDHA protein P31040 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr543 CGKISKLyGDLKHLK -1 17997986 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that the flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase are ""in vitro"" substrates of Fgr tyrosine kinase. Fgr phosphorylates flavoprotein of succinate dehydrogenase at Y535 and Y596 and aconitase at Y71, Y544 and Y665. Further experiments will be necessary to verify if Fgr is the tyrosine kinase responsible for the tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins in vivo and to elucidate the role of these phosphorylations." SIGNOR-262872 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 20551513 t ggiuliani "Mechanistic analysis revealed that the TAK1–MKK3/6–p38 MAPK axis phosphorylated Runx2, promoting its association with the coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP), which was required to regulate osteoblast genetic programs. These findings reveal an in vivo function for p38β and establish that MAPK signaling is essential for bone formation in vivo." SIGNOR-255777 CCNO protein P22674 UNIPROT CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 37197505 t lperfetto "Cyclin O promotes lung cancer progression and cetuximab resistance via cell cycle regulation and CDK13 interaction|CCNO promoted tumor cell proliferation and survival in vivo via CDK13|" SIGNOR-275618 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT F11R protein Q9Y624 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser284 KVIYSQPsARSEGEF 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000876 11027562 t gcesareni "We also demonstrated phosphorylation of ser 284, a putative pkc phosphorylation site, by immunoblotting with anti-phosphoserine-jam antibody in thrombin-stimulated platelets." SIGNOR-83037 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT STAP1 protein Q9ULZ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 10518561 t miannu "In 293 cells expressing recombinant BRDG1 and various PTKs, Tec and Pyk2, but not Btk, Bmx, Lyn, Syk, or c-Abl, induced marked phosphorylation of BRDG1 on tyrosine residues. BRDG1 was also phosphorylated by Tec directly in vitro. Furthermore, BRDG1 was shown to participate in a positive feedback loop by increasing the activity of Tec. BRDG1 thus appears to function as a docking protein acting downstream of Tec in BCR signaling." SIGNOR-261818 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "When cells are stimulated with various ligands such as growth factors, hormones, neurotransmitters, or tumor promoters, erk1/2 is activated through dualphosphorylation at the -ptepy-motif. Subsequently, p-erk1/2 translocates into the nucleus and phosphorylates elk-1, thereby acting as a transcription factor for cell proliferationthese data indicate that sa-p-erk1/2 might not only be regulated by mkp such as rvhr, but also by pp1 and ptp as well" SIGNOR-269911 TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257267 SYNE1 protein Q8NF91 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263287 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser75 LGYEPEGsASPTPPY 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248567 GYS2 protein P54840 UNIPROT UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) chemical CHEBI:58885 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26882899 t miannu "Glycogenin initiates the first step of glycogen synthesis by self glycosylation of a short 8–12 glucose oligosaccharide primer. Glycogen synthase (GYS) elongates the glucose oligossacharide primer, which utilises UDP-glucose as the glucosyl donor." SIGNOR-267937 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser185 KTTQNRYsFYSTCSG -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273494 MAD2L2 protein Q9UI95 UNIPROT CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11459826 t miannu "The APC is activated in mitosis and G1 by CDC20 and CDH1, and inhibited by the checkpoint protein MAD2, a specific inhibitor of CDC20. We show here that a MAD2 homolog MAD2B also inhibits APC. MAD2B directly inhibits activation of APC by CDC20 and CDH1" SIGNOR-264903 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT KNL1 protein Q8NG31 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser60 KKNSRRVsFADTIKV 9606 20471944 t lperfetto "To determine whether the combinatorial regulation of the kmn network by aurora b observed in vitro is critical to controlling kinetochore-microtubule attachments in vivo, we next investigated the effect of the phosphomimetic (to aspartate) and nonphosphorylatable (to alanine) mutants of dsn1, knl1, and ndc80 in vertebrate cells. We predicted that both types of mutations in critical phosphorylation sites would affect chromosome segregation, since preventing the inactivation of inappropriately attached kinetochores by aurora b (in the nonphosphorylatable mutant) or constitutively inactivating this attachment (in the phosphomimetic mutant)." SIGNOR-165506 CHGA protein P10645 UNIPROT Peptide_hormone_processing phenotype SIGNOR-PH88 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 12456801 f "CgA was initially identified as the major soluble matrix protein of secretory vesicles formed in neuroendocrine cells. Its functions include modulation of secretory granule stability, prohormone processing, and regulation of peptide sorting into secretory pathways" SIGNOR-254275 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1064 SCPIKEDsFLQRYSS 9606 BTO:0000007 10347170 t llicata " We show that serines 1046/1047 are sites for CaM kinase II phosphorylation, although there is a preference for serine 1047, which resides within the consensus -R-X-X-S-. In addition, we have identified major phosphorylation sites at serine 1142 and serine 1057, which lie within a novel -S-X-D- consensus. Mutation of serines 1046/1047 in full-length EGFR enhanced both fibroblast transformation and tyrosine autokinase activity that was significantly potentiated by additional mutation of serines 1057 and 1142. A single CaM kinase II site was also identified at serine 744 within sub-kinase domain III, and autokinase activity was significantly affected by mutation of this serine to an aspartic acid making this site appear constitutively phosphorylated. We have addressed the mechanism by which CaM kinase II phosphorylation of the EGFR might regulate receptor autokinase activity and show that this modification can hinder association of the cytoplasmic tail with the kinase domain to prevent an enzyme-substrate interaction. " SIGNOR-250619 ADSS2 protein P30520 UNIPROT IMP smallmolecule CHEBI:17202 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267343 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT USF2 protein Q15853 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21282467 t lperfetto "TFII-I has been shown to interact with USF and to associate with either E-box elements or initiator sequences to activate gene transcription" SIGNOR-268537 ELOC protein Q15369 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 19300455 t miannu "Here, we provide the first evidence that a novel ASB2 isoform, ASB2beta, is important for muscle differentiation. ASB2beta is expressed in muscle cells during embryogenesis and in adult tissues. ASB2beta is part of an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targets the actin-binding protein filamin B (FLNb) for proteasomal degradation.  Altogether, our results indicated that ASB2β can assemble with elongin B, elongin C, Cullin 5 and Rbx2 to reconstitute an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.ASB2β induces polyubiquitylation of FLNb." SIGNOR-271797 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16161044 t gcesareni "In addition, cytoplasmic p16 bound cyclin dependent kinase (cdk)4/6, potentially indicating that p16 could have a function in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-140412 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15010469 t gcesareni "We found that msk1 phosphorylated histone h2a on serine 1, and mutation of serine 1 to alanine blocked the inhibition of transcription by msk1." SIGNOR-265314 SHPRH protein Q149N8 UNIPROT PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 19706603 t gcesareni "We provide evidence that similar to rad5, shprh physically interacts with the human rad6rad18 and mms2ubc13 protein complexes, and importantly, we show that it exhibits an ubiquitin ligase activity and mediates mms2ubc13-dependent polyubiquitylation of pcna. Thus, shprh is a functional homolog of rad5." SIGNOR-187757 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SLC4A1 protein P02730 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr21 ENLEQEEyEDPDIPE -1 10942405 t "The primary phosphorylation of band 3 catalyzed by p72syk generates the SH2 binding motifs that are a prerequisite for the following recruitment of Lyn. p72syk as the most likely candidate to perform this task and indicates Y8 and Y21. Syk and Lyn phosphorylate band 3 at both cytosolic and membrane domains, Y-phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is likely involved in the regulation of several erythrocyte functions (ie, glycolysis, cell shape, cytoskeleton" SIGNOR-251411 FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23290138 t apalma "Sdc4 is a high affinity receptor for fibronectin (FN) […] Therefore, we conclude that Sdc4 binds FN on activated satellite cells." SIGNOR-255846 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262261 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT GSTA1 protein P08263 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24024136 t irozzo "In both models, the inducer-modified and Nrf2-bound Keap1 is inactivated and, consequently, newly synthesized Nrf2 proteins bypass Keap1 and translocate into the nucleus, bind to the ARE and drive the expression of Nrf2 target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione S transferases (GSTs)." SIGNOR-256278 FANCC protein Q00597 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11520787 f miannu "Fancc is also required for optimal activation of stat1 in response to cytokine and growth factors" SIGNOR-110043 HECTD3 protein Q5T447 UNIPROT MALT1 protein Q9UDY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23358872 t miannu "HECTD3 promotes MALT1 ubiquitination with nondegradative polyubiquitin chains by direct interacting with the MALT1 through its N-terminal destruction of cyclin domain. HECTD3 does not target MALT1 for degradation but stabilize it. " SIGNOR-272096 THOC1 protein Q96FV9 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33191911 t miannu "The TREX complex is found in all eukaryotes and contains the multi-subunit THO complex, the DEXD-box RNA helicase UAP56/DDX39B (yeast Sub2), and an RNA export adapter such as ALYREF (yeast Yra1). The human THO complex comprises six subunits, THOC1, −2, –3, −5, –6, and −7, of which four have known counterparts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc): THOC1 (yeast Hpr1), −2 (yeast Tho2), −3 (yeast Tex3), and −7 (yeast Mft1) . In this study we focus on the conserved TREX complex (Heath et al., 2016; Xie and Ren, 2019): THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF, and hereafter refer to UAP56/DDX39B as UAP56." SIGNOR-268508 NEU1 protein Q99519 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003554 32164705 t miannu "NEU1 disrupts FN/ α5β1 interaction. taken together, strongly indicate that overexpressed NEU1 inhibits the Akt pathway by disrupting FN-integrin α5β1 interaction." SIGNOR-260658 DCAF4 protein Q8WV16 UNIPROT ST7 protein Q9NRC1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0004297 30945288 t miannu "We found that both CUL4A and CUL4B can form an E3 complex with DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) and DDB1-CUL4-associated factor 4 (DCAF4). In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination analyses indicate that CRL4DCAF4 E3 ligase specifically directs degradation of ST7 (suppression of tumorigenicity 7)." SIGNOR-272303 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1367 LVQGSPSsQEQQVTL 9606 15173573 t lperfetto "Tonebp/orebp contains atm consensus phosphorylation sites at ser-1197, ser-1247, and ser-1367. In conclusion, signaling via atm is necessary for full activation of tonebp/orebp" SIGNOR-125081 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23663276 t milica "Socs1 and socs3 target jak1 and gp130, respectively, near the plasma membrane to prevent cytoplasmic stats from being activated, whereas pias1 principally targets activated stat1 in the cell nucleus and prevents it from binding to dna." SIGNOR-202042 GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16537363 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-252679 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10330170 f gcesareni "Moreover, in addition to jnk, erk5, p38alpha, and p38gamma were found to stimulate the c-jun promoter by acting on distinct responsive elements." SIGNOR-67532 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 CGSSGYFsSSPTLSS 9606 22017877 t lperfetto "We found that deptor was rapidly phosphorylated on three serines in a conserved degron, facilitating binding and ubiquitylation by the f box protein _trcp, with consequent proteasomal degradation of deptor. Phosphorylation of the _trcp degron in deptor is executed by ck1" SIGNOR-252799 FGF9 protein P31371 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22298955 f "FGF-2 and FGF-9 increased expression of other??osteogenic??factors??BMP-2??and TGFbeta-1." gcesareni "Fgf-2 and fgf-9 increased expression of other osteogenic factors bmp-2 and tgf-beta1, and endogenous fgf/fgfr signaling is a positive upstream regulator of the bmp-2 gene in calvarial osteoblasts." SIGNOR-195591 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GRK7 protein Q8WTQ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser36 ELQRRRRsLALPGLQ 9606 15946941 t Luana "Phosphorylation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Attenuates Their Enzymatic Activities | We also determined that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylates GRK1 at Ser(21) and GRK7 at Ser(23) and Ser(36) in vitro. These sites are also phosphorylated when FLAG-tagged GRK1 and GRK7 are expressed in HEK-293 cells treated with forskolin to stimulate the endogenous production of cAMP and activation of PKA." SIGNOR-260840 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12832467 t lperfetto "Efficient rsk activation by erk requires its interaction through a docking site located near the c terminus of rsk" SIGNOR-252749 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11278468 t Gianni "These results demonstrate that activation of VEGFR-2 results in activation of PI3K and that activation of PI3K/S6kinase pathway, but not Ras/MAPK, is responsible for VEGFR-2-mediated cell growth." SIGNOR-261916 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser343 TVSKTETsQVAPA -1 11910029 t lperfetto "Thus, the primary protein kinase C sites are Ser334 and Ser338, with minor phosphorylation of Thr335/336 and Ser343." SIGNOR-249148 PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT HOXB1 protein P14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10052460 t 2 miannu "Pbx1 and exd act as cofactors that enhance the DNA binding specificity of Hox proteins. The structure of the HoxB1–Pbx1–DNA ternary complex shows that HoxB1 and Pbx1 bind to overlapping binding sites located on opposite faces of the DNA." SIGNOR-241219 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT GP6 protein Q9HCN6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12377757 f miannu "We have determined that the GP6 sequence -191 to -39 represents the core promoter and that transcription is driven largely by GATA-1 (-176) and c-Ets-1 (-45) sites within this segment." SIGNOR-254081 HTR3B protein O95264 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 18761359 f miannu "The 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 (5-HT3) receptor is a cation-selective ion channel of the Cys-loop superfamily. 5-HT3 receptor activation in the central and peripheral nervous systems evokes neuronal excitation and neurotransmitter release. " SIGNOR-264317 NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT ACTG2 protein P63267 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19797053 f miannu "These results demonstrate the ability of MYOCD to discriminate among several juxtaposed CArG elements, presumably through its novel partnership with NKX3.1, to optimally transactivate the human ACTG2 promoter." SIGNOR-254619 ACOT8 protein O14734 UNIPROT glutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30921 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271813 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr45 PGGTLFStTPGGTRI 10090 BTO:0002572 SIGNOR-C3 20670887 t lperfetto "Specifically as part of mTORC1, mTOR directly phosphorylates the ribo- somal protein S6 kinases (S6K1 and S6K2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-167184 "BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex" complex SIGNOR-C295 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 24832651 f lperfetto "The exact function of the BRCC complex in HR is not entirely elucidated, but its E3 ligase activity may promote the mobilization and stabilization of the complex at broken chromatin sites were the complex can stabilize the formation of RAD51 filaments thus facilitating the repair process" SIGNOR-263204 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 BTO:0000590 12226093 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping revealed enhanced phosphorylation of ser(202)/thr(205) residues by p25-cdk5 considering the fact that phosphorylation of ser(202)/thr(205) antagonizes the tau-mediated nucleation of tubulin, p25-cdk5 may play a pivotal role in neuronal cell death in alzheimer's disease." SIGNOR-251599 FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 12270934 f lperfetto " Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), in the presence of dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxanthine, and insulin, induces a prolonged activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which lasts for at least 12 h post-induction, and this activity is less sensitive to the MEK inhibitors" SIGNOR-235337 RDH10 protein Q8IZV5 UNIPROT retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS11" SIGNOR-265120 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser397 TYHSRDEsTDSGLSM 9606 BTO:0000007 20048001 t lperfetto "We show that YAP is phosphorylated by Lats on Ser 381 in one of the HXRXXS motifs, and this phosphorylation provides the priming signal for CK1delta/epsilon to phosphorylate a phosphodegron in YAP. The phosphorylated phosphodegron recruits beta-TRCP, leading to YAP ubiquitination and degradation under conditions of elevated Hippo pathway activity, such as cell contact inhibition" SIGNOR-218038 HES6 protein Q96HZ4 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000938 19891787 f gcesareni "Expression of hes-6 resulted in induction of e2f-1, a crucial target gene for the transcriptional repressor hes-1" SIGNOR-189101 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 BTO:0001321 15659650 t lperfetto "CHK1 and CHK2 phosphorylate the p53 N terminus at Ser15, Thr18, Ser20, and Ser37" SIGNOR-217795 GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-268064 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT PCM1 protein Q15154 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 24121310 t miannu " We demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase MIB1 is a new component of centriolar satellites, which interacts with and ubiquitylates AZI1 and PCM1 and suppresses primary cilium formation. " SIGNOR-272878 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT DIAPH2 protein O60879 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 SLTSNPVsWVNNFGH 9606 21397845 t lperfetto "The microtubule binding fh2 domain of mdia3 is phosphorylated by aurora b kinase in vitro, and cells expressing the nonphosphorylatable mdia3 mutant cannot position chromosomes at the metaphase plate" SIGNOR-172803 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16161044 t gcesareni "The cdk-inhibitor p16 is a tumor suppressor gene that is inactivated in many forms of cancer. In addition, cytoplasmic p16 bound cyclin dependent kinase (cdk)4/6, potentially indicating that p16 could have a function in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-140409 PTPRK protein Q15262 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Tyr1197 STAENAEyLRVAPQS 10029 BTO:0000246 16263724 t "RPTP-kappa also reduced epidermal growth factor-dependent EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in CHO cells. Purified RPTP-kappa preferentially dephosphorylated EGFR tyrosines 1068 and 1173 in vitro." SIGNOR-248723 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr558 LGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 BTO:0000132 35267019 t miannu "Rev-erbα interacted with OPHN-1, promoted RhoA activity and phosphorylation of ERM. etection of phosphorylated ezrin (Thr567)/radixin (Thr564)/moesin (Thr558)(p-ERM) in Rev-erbαfl/flCre− and Rev-erbαfl/flPF4Cre+ platelets using phospho-specific antibodies." SIGNOR-268431 PTPRE protein P23469 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 10116 BTO:0000575 15738637 t "In this study, we showed that receptor-type PTPepsilon (PTP epsilonM) dephosphorylated IR in rat primary hepatocytes and tyrosines 972, 1158, 1162 and 1163| These results suggest that PTPepsilonM is a negative regulator of IR signaling and involved in insulin-induced glucose metabolism mainly through direct dephosphorylation and inactivation of IR in hepatocytes and liver." SIGNOR-248445 TLE4 protein Q04727 UNIPROT PAX2/TLE4 complex SIGNOR-C152 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16631587 t miannu "Several Pax proteins are able to interact with groucho (TLE) family members. Recruitment of the groucho-related protein TLE4 may be involved in converting Pax2 into a transcriptional repressor of Wt1." SIGNOR-256360 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0001009 10753867 f lperfetto "Creb activity by akt signaling leads to increased bcl-2 promoter activity and cell survival." SIGNOR-76558 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT WAC protein Q9BTA9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr457 YVSPRIStPQTNTVP 9606 BTO:0000567 30021153 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) phosphorylates WAC, priming its direct interaction with the polo-box domain of Plk1. Knockdown of WAC compromises Plk1 activity and delays mitotic entry." SIGNOR-265035 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT KCNK3 protein O14649 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser336 IPRDLSTsDTCVEQS 9606 21838752 t lperfetto "Task1 channels contain two putative rho kinase phosphorylation sites, ser(336) and ser(393) . Mutation of ser(393) rendered task1 channels insensitive to et(a) - or et(b)-mediated current inhibition. In contrast, removal of ser(336) selectively attenuated et(a) -dependent task1 regulation without affecting the et(b) pathway." SIGNOR-176025 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr12 FGSRSSKtFKPKKNI 9606 23431053 t milica "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-201314 FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 7559467 t lperfetto "The human integrin alpha 8 beta 1 functions as a receptor for tenascin, fibronectin, and vitronectin." SIGNOR-253305 "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264132 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr367 TYLQSRYyRAPEIIL 9606 25944899 t Manara "The Tyrosine Kinase c-Abl Promotes Homeodomain-interacting Protein Kinase 2 (HIPK2) Accumulation and Activation in Response to DNA Damage" SIGNOR-260936 MALT1 protein Q9UDY8 UNIPROT TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 17948050 t gcesareni "Tab2/tak1 associate with ubiquitinated malt1 upon t-cell stimulation." SIGNOR-158551 ZFYVE9 protein O95405 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 9865696 t lperfetto "We now identify SARA (for Smad anchor for receptor activation), a FYVE domain protein that interacts directly with Smad2 and Smad3. SARA functions to recruit Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptor by controlling the subcellular localization of Smad2 and by interacting with the TGFbeta receptor complex." SIGNOR-232126 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 17615152 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo." SIGNOR-156856 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 9792724 f miannu "AFP promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transient transfection assays demonstrated that the level of HNF1 had a direct impact on basal transcription as well as RA-mediated down-regulation of the AFP gene, and that co-transfection of HNF1 and HNF4, but not transfection of either factor alone, reversed the RA-mediated inhibition. Taken together these data point to an interaction among the RA, HNF1, and HNF4 signals, which is reflected in decreased expression of AFP." SIGNOR-254447 ABCA7 protein Q8IZY2 UNIPROT HDL_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH61 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 14570867 f miannu "Transfected ABCA7-GFP induced apolipoprotein-mediated assembly of cholesterol-containing HDL also in L929 cells, which otherwise generate only cholesterol-deficient HDL with their endogenous ABCA1." SIGNOR-265177 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser432 NQNVLLMsPPASDSG 9606 14988395 t lperfetto "Insulin-activated erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 at serine residues 432 and 455 in vivo.Further characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and promoter reporter gene analyses revealed that phosphorylation does not influence protein/dna interaction, but enhances trans-activity." SIGNOR-123049 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 21078818 f lperfetto "We demonstrate here that prototype canonical wnt3a and noncanonical wnt5a ligands specifically trigger completely unrelated endogenous coreceptors-lrp5/6 and ror1/2, respectively-through a common mechanism that involves their wnt-dependent coupling to the frizzled (fzd) coreceptor and recruitment of shared components, including dishevelled (dvl), axin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3)" SIGNOR-227961 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259039 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR ECT2 protein Q9H8V3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr846 RAFSFSKtPKRALRR 9606 BTO:0001938 16247472 t lperfetto "Thr-814 to ala greatly diminished the ability of p34cdk1/cyclin b to phosphorylate recombinant ect2-c protein (figure 1b, left panel). These data suggest that thr-814 is a major cdk1 phosphorylation site in ect2-c in vitrothe sequence thr-pro-lys-arg (tpkr) starting at amino acid 814we found that the t814a mutation slightly reduces the exchange activity of ect2 on rac1" SIGNOR-216928 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM7 protein P33993 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21070963 t gcesareni "We propose that phosphorylation of mcm4/6 s/tp sites, which are already phosphorylated in g1, allows initial mcm2-7 phosphorylation by ddk and initiation from the first origins of replication ( fig. 7ai )." SIGNOR-169506 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PML protein P29590 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270992 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16751101 t lpetrilli "Ppm1a dephosphorylates and promotes nuclear export of tgfbeta-activated smad2/3. in conclusion, ppm1a is a bona fide phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates the critical sxs motif of r-smads." SIGNOR-146922 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr378 EPEPENDyEDVEEMD 9606 9104825 t "Lyn and Syk synergistically phosphorylate HS1, and that Tyr-378 and Tyr-397 of HS1 are the critical residues for its BCR-induced phosphorylation. tyrosine phosphorylation of HS1 is required for BCR-induced apoptosis and nuclear translocation of HS1 may be a prerequisite for B cell apoptosis. PMID: 9104825 PMCID: PMC2196252" SIGNOR-251400 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr204 LTRYTRPtPVQKHAI 9606 16280325 t lperfetto "Thr204 to glu204 ddx3 mutant protein lost its function, suggesting that phosphorylation at thr204 affects ddx3 function. Thr204 was phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2. Thr323 in motif ib was also phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2 kinase. We propose a novel function of cyclin b/cdc2 kinase in mitosis, which is to cause a loss of ddx3 function to repress cyclin a expression and to decrease ribosome biogenesis and translation during mitosis." SIGNOR-216868 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Ala-tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:17732 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269523 CTCFL protein Q8NI51 UNIPROT BAG1 protein Q99933 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0003293 18413740 t lperfetto "DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3B activate BAG-1 expression via recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS and modulation of promoter histone methylation" SIGNOR-254107 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser193 AEVDPDMsWSSSLAT 9606 BTO:0001938 12815053 t lperfetto "Plk1 interacts with BRCA2 in vivo, and mutation of Ser193, Ser205/206, and Thr203/207 to Ala in BR-N1 abolished Plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that BRCA2 is the substrate of Plk1. Furthermore, both the hyperphosphorylated and hypophosphorylated forms of BRCA2 bind to RAD51, whereas the M phase hyperphosphorylated form of BRCA2 no longer associates with the P/CAF, suggesting that the dissociation of P/CAF-BRCA2 complex is regulated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249217 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15618519 t "The binding occours if Smo is phosphorylated" gcesareni "Grk2-mediated phosphorylation of vertebrate smo allows smo to bind to beta-arrestins 1 or 2" SIGNOR-132759 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr42 DSMKDEEyEQMVKEL 9606 9792645 t llicata "C-src phosphorylates IkappaB On tyrosine 42|NF-kappaB is sequestered in the cytosol by IkappaBalpha and, in most cells, released upon serine phosphorylation of this inhibitory protein which then undergoes rapid, ubiquitin-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-60879 CCNC protein P24863 UNIPROT "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23563140 t miannu "The CDK8 kinase module (CKM) is a conserved, dissociable Mediator subcomplex whose component subunits were genetically linked to the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) and individually recognized as transcriptional repressors before Mediator was identified as a pre-eminent complex in eukaryotic transcription regulation." SIGNOR-266685 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser910 KALGERVsIL 9606 BTO:0000776 10473617 t llicata "Activation of the serine kinase protein kinase d (pkd)/pkcmicro is controlled by the phosphorylation of two serine residues within its activation loop via a pkc-dependent signaling cascade. In this study we have identified the c-terminal serine 916 residue as an in vivo phosphorylation site within active pkd/pkcmu. moreover, using different mutants of pkd/pkcmu, we show that serine 916 is not trans-phosphorylated by an upstream kinase but is rather an autophosphorylation event that occurs following activation of pkd/pkcmu." SIGNOR-70525 RIMBP3 protein Q9UFD9 UNIPROT RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264360 FLCN protein Q8NFG4 UNIPROT RRAGC protein Q9HB90 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 24095279 t "The folliculin tumor suppressor is a GAP for the RagC/D GTPases that signal amino acid levels to mTORC1 [..} RagC/D is a key regulator of the interaction of mTORC1 with the Rag heterodimer and that, unexpectedly, RagC/D must be GDP-bound for the interaction to occur" SIGNOR-256503 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 TVLVKDStNRDSLDM 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129332 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR BIRC6 protein Q9NR09 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271352 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11477071 f lperfetto "Er_ mutants unable to bind coactivators drastically decrease estradiol regulation of ap-1-mediated transcription and overexpression of the coactivator grip1" SIGNOR-109520 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31608237 f Monia "In SIRT5 silenced Mero-14 cells, beclin-1 protein levels were downregulated upon rotenone and resveratrol treatment. In summary, in most cases, where significant effects were detected, SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT5 had positive effects on beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I ratio" SIGNOR-261206 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253425 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 10656682 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-74831 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 10207047 t lperfetto "The results indicate that ship, shc, and grb2 form a ternary complex in stimulated b cells, with grb2 stabilizing the interaction between shc and ship. The interactions between shc, grb2, and ship are therefore analogous to the interactions between shc, grb2, and sos. Shc and grb2 may help to localize ship to the cell membrane, regulating ship's inhibitory function following bcr stimulation." SIGNOR-235881 FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-236554 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT IL2RA protein P01589 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000661 7862168 f 2 miannu "The interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha) gene is rapidly and potently induced in T cells in response to mitogenic stimuli. Previously, an inducible enhancer between nucleotides -299 and -228 that contains NF-kappa B and CArG motifs was identified. We now report the characterization of a second essential positive regulatory element located between nucleotides -137 and -64 that binds Elf-1 and HMG-I(Y). Transcription from the IL-2R alpha promoter was inhibited when either the Elf-1 or the HMG-I(Y) binding site was mutated. Coexpression of both proteins activated transcription of the -137 to -64 element in COS-7 cells." SIGNOR-240113 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser499 MSPGVAGsPRIPPSQ 9606 BTO:0000801 29170386 t "Interestingly, GRIP1 is phosphorylated at an N-terminal serine cluster by cyclin-dependent kinase-9 (CDK9), which is recruited into GC-induced GR:GRIP1:CDK9 hetero-complexes, producing distinct GRE-specific GRIP1 phospho-isoforms. Phosphorylation potentiates GRIP1 coactivator but, remarkably, not its corepressor properties." SIGNOR-256099 PCCB protein P05166 UNIPROT PCC complex SIGNOR-C414 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15890657 t miannu "Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of propionyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA. PCC consists of two heterologous subunits, alpha PCC and beta PCC, which are encoded by the nuclear PCCA and PCCB genes, respectively." SIGNOR-267183 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT LAMC2 protein Q13753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9211848 t lperfetto "Induction of Cell Migration by Matrix Metalloprotease-2 Cleavage of Laminin-5|MMP2 cleaved the Ln-5 gamma2 subunit at residue 587, exposing a putative cryptic promigratory site on Ln-5 that triggers cell motility. This altered form of Ln-5 is found in tumors and in tissues undergoing remodeling, but not in quiescent tissues. Cleavage of Ln-5 by MMP2 and the resulting activation of the Ln-5 cryptic site may provide new targets for modulation of tumor cell invasion and tissue remodeling." SIGNOR-253240 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser260 NMGLNPSsPNDPVTN 9606 17604322 t lperfetto "In colon cancer cells, the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway phosphorylates RXRalpha, which impairs its function as a heterodimeric partner for PPARgamma|A point‐mutated RXRalpha T82A/S260A, which mimics the unphosphorylated form of RXRalpha, can form a heterodimer with PPARgamma and thereby activate target gene expression by binding to the PPRE" SIGNOR-244573 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser717 GVARVRKsKGKYAYL -1 8848293 t lperfetto "Only two peptides containing Ser-662 and Ser-696 were found to be efficiently phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC). The peptide including Ser-696 was also phosphorylated by protein kinase G (PKG)." SIGNOR-248955 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT EIF6 protein P56537 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser235 QPSTIATsMRDSLID 9606 14654845 t lperfetto "Our results show that release of eIF6 from 60S subunits may operate, in mammalian cells, through a RACK1–PKC betaII pathway. |Loading 60S subunits with eIF6 caused a dose-dependent translational block and impairment of 80S formation, which were reversed by expression of RACK1 and stimulation of PKC in vivo and in vitro. PKC stimulation led to eIF6 phosphorylation, and mutation of a serine residue in the carboxy terminus of eIF6 impaired RACK1/PKC-mediated translational rescue. |S235A eIF6 inhibits ribosomal joining in the presence of RACK1–PKCbetaII" SIGNOR-249245 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19114990 t lperfetto "The Balpha subunit interacts directly with activated T_RI. The Balpha interaction with the receptor is expected to result in enhanced protein phosphatase 2A activity" SIGNOR-217894 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22470139 f miannu "Efficient knockdown of WWTR1, demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR, led to upregulation of ASNS and downregulation of SMAD3, LTBR, BAX and BAK1 in WWTR1 knockdown cells, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the repression of cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255607 KCNQ2 protein O43526 UNIPROT KCNQ3 protein O43525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000938 9836639 t "The M-current regulates the subthreshold electrical excitability of many neurons, determining their firing properties and responsiveness to synaptic input. To date, however, the genes that encode subunits of this important channel have not been identified. The biophysical properties, sensitivity to pharmacological blockade, and expression pattern of the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channels were determined. It is concluded that both these subunits contribute to the native M-current." SIGNOR-268833 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" hydroxylation Pro408 LAPITSDpTEATAVG 9606 BTO:0000567 21620138 t "Interaction of PKM2 with prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) enhances PKM2 binding to HIF-1α and PKM2 coactivator function. Mass spectrometry and anti-hydroxyproline antibody assays demonstrate PKM2 hydroxylation on proline-403/408. PHD3 knockdown inhibits PKM2 coactivator function, reduces glucose uptake and lactate production, and increases O(2) consumption in cancer cells." SIGNOR-267477 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr361 EPFVSIPtPREKVAM 11493009 t lperfetto "Specifically, the complex formation between PTP-SL and ERK2 involves an unusual interaction leading to the phosphorylation of PTP-SL by ERK2 at Thr253 and the inactivating dephosphorylation of ERK2 by PTP-SL." SIGNOR-249438 PIP5K1A protein Q99755 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18772438 f gcesareni "Wnt3a stimulates the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphates [ptdins (4,5)p2] through frizzled and dishevelled, the latter of which directly interacted with and activated pip5ki. In turn, ptdins (4,5)p2 regulated phosphorylation of lrp6 at thr1479 and ser1490" SIGNOR-180800 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15765505 f gcesareni "Runx2 is an important mediator of the expression of bmp-2 in response to fgf stimulation in cranial bone development." SIGNOR-134512 ELOVL1 protein Q9BW60 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267889 FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260102 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr307 VTRRTPDyFL 9606 BTO:0000938 23796501 t llicata "We found that ?-Syn gene overexpression in sk-n-sh cells and primary neurons led to pp2a/c phosphorylation at y307, a known target of src kinase, and consequent phosphatase inhibition." SIGNOR-202192 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1696 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120016 Viral_dsRNA stimulus SIGNOR-ST21 SIGNOR IFIH1 protein Q9BYX4 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19052324 t miannu "Initially, RIG-I and MDA5 sense dsRNA in the cytoplasm, produced as a by-product of RNA virus replication.Once one or both of these sensors are activated, they interact with a mitochondrial membrane protein called MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral) (also called IPS1, Cardif, and VISA). They signal to the mitochondrial membrane protein MAVS, which in turn activates the kinases TBK1 and IKKɛ." SIGNOR-260142 MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 15735705 f lperfetto "Mdm2 and mdmx function as cellular regulators of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Intriguingly, the activities of these proteins are interdependent;mdmx stabilizes mdm2, enabling its activities towards p53" SIGNOR-134391 LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr255;Tyr220 EEEGAPDyENLQELN;SLDGSREyVNVSQEL 11368773 t lperfetto "By substituting these tyrosine residues in LAT with phenylalanine and by utilizing phosphorylated peptides derived from these sites, we mapped the tyrosine residues in LAT required for the direct interaction and activation of Vav, p85/p110alpha and phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1). Our results indicate that Tyr(226) and Tyr(191) are required for Vav binding, whereas Tyr(171) and Tyr(132) are necessary for association and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and PLCgamma1 respectively." SIGNOR-246045 "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25786978 f lperfetto "First, EPCs incorporated into the neovascular region recognize the TGFBIp secreted by cells in the environment via binding to integrins a4 and a5. Second, binding of TGFBIp to integrins in EPCs induces phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules in a pathway necessary for TGFBIp-mediated angiogenic activity of EPCs. In addition, binding of TGFBIp to integrins activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway that induces expression of DLL1 and JAG1 in EPCs." SIGNOR-253286 PCDH19 protein Q8TAB3 UNIPROT GABRA1 protein P14867 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 SIGNOR-C330 29360992 t miannu "Here, we found that PCDH19 binds the alpha subunits of GABAAR and regulates its surface availability and currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. The PCDH19 gene (Xp22.1) encodes the cell-adhesion protein protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) and is responsible for a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by female-limited epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autistic features, the pathogenic mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a new interaction between PCDH19 and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) alpha subunits in the rat brain. PCDH19 shRNA-mediated downregulation reduces GABAAR surface expression and affects the frequency and kinetics of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. " SIGNOR-267217 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR TBC1D1 protein Q86TI0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser237 RPMRKSFsQPGLRSL 9606 17995453 t lperfetto "In rat l6 myotubes, endogenous tbc1d1 is strongly phosphorylated on ser237 and binds to 14-3-3s in response to the ampk activators aicar" SIGNOR-216631 "Neurophysin 1" protein P01178-PRO_0000020496 UNIPROT Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000427 9511957 t miannu " Neurophysins I and II (NPI and NPII) serve in the neurosecretory granules of the posterior pituitary as carrier proteins for the neurophyseal hormones oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), respectively, until the latter are released into blood. " SIGNOR-270351 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR MOS protein P00540 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 LGAGGFGsVYKATYR 9606 8622681 t Manara "The purified PKA catalytic subunit was able to phosphorylate recombinant p37v-mos in vitro, suggesting that the mechanism of in vivo inhibition of v-Mos kinase involves direct phosphorylation by PKA." SIGNOR-260819 CADPS2 protein Q86UW7 UNIPROT STX1A protein Q16623 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C346 24363652 t miannu "CAPS interacted independently with either syntaxin-1 or SNAP-25 suggesting that CAPS might promote QaQbc-SNARE heterodimer formation. CAPS binding to syntaxin-1 was mediated by the membrane-proximal C-terminal SNARE motif (H3) and membrane linker domain sequences of syntaxin-1" SIGNOR-264337 RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31679900 t miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle" SIGNOR-264379 APEX1 protein P27695 UNIPROT SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 14630715 t Luana "These data demonstrate a role for APE/Ref-1 protein in the transcriptional regulation of NIS gene expression by itself and in cooperation with PAX8. " SIGNOR-261564 ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001109;BTO:0000038 30998268 f miannu "ANXA3 depletion promoted cell apoptosis and upregulated c‐caspase 3 expression in HCT116/Ox and SW480/Ox cells with or without Ox, which is consistent with findings from a preliminary study by Yan et al" SIGNOR-262209 CABIN1 protein Q9Y6J0 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17172641 f gcesareni "Thus, cabin1 recruits chromatin-modifying enzymes, both histone deacetylases and a histone methyltransferase, to repress mef2 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-151202 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr145 QGRKRRQtSMTDFYH -1 15001356 t llicata "ZIP kinase phosphorylates p21(WAF1) at Thr145 and alanine-substituted mutations in the p21(WAF1) phosphorylation site alter its ability to be phosphorylated by ZIP kinase. | Transfected ZIPK can promote the phosphorylation of p21(WAF1) at Thr145 in vivo and can increase the half-life of p21(WAF1)" SIGNOR-251085 CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT Oxidative_phosphorylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH78 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 23021218 f lperfetto "PGC1a is known to drive the expression of many genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including cytochrome c (CytC) and the cyto- chrome C oxidative (COX) subunits (CoxIII, Cox4il, Cox5b, Cox7a, and Cox8b)." SIGNOR-253100 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser75 LGYEPEGsASPTPPY 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248551 RAB1A protein P62820 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 27334615 t Sara "C9orf72 acts as an effector of Rab1a that recruits active Rab1a to theULK1 complex to promote translocation of the ULK1 complex to thephagophore during autophagy initiation" SIGNOR-261299 PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation 9606 20016603 t gcesareni "Pias1 and pias4 are recruited to dna-damage sites and mediate 53bp1 recruitment and sumoylation" SIGNOR-162167 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC -1 12244095 t "Activation of STAT3 by the Src family kinase Hck requires a functional SH3 domain. Direct Phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr-705 by Src Family Kinases" SIGNOR-251267 RPL19 protein P84098 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262479 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28559284 t "Through quantitative proteomics and reporter assays, we found that the UBE3AT485A protein ubiquitinates multiple proteasome subunits, reduces proteasome subunit abundance and activity, stabilizes nuclear β-catenin, and stimulates canonical Wnt signaling more effectively than wild-type UBE3A" SIGNOR-270339 BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15469820 t gcesareni "We show that bcl-3 is a substrate for the protein kinase gsk3 and that gsk3-mediated bcl-3 phosphorylation, which is inhibited by akt activation, targets its degradation through the proteasome pathway. This phosphorylation modulates its association with hdac1, -3, and -6" SIGNOR-129801 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3). the dual specificity phosphatases that specifically dephosphorylate and inactivate the p-erk1/2 are called mapk phosphatases" SIGNOR-269901 G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002181 23279204 f SARA "G3BP1 and G3BP2 form homo‐ and hetero‐multimers to induce SGs" SIGNOR-260984 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 TSPTGRGsMAAPSLH 9606 11162439 t llicata "Serine 27, a human retinoid x receptor alpha residue, phosphorylated by protein kinase a is essential for cyclicamp-mediated downregulation of rxralpha function." SIGNOR-104954 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257297 oxymetazoline chemical CHEBI:7862 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258462 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR COPS6 protein Q7L5N1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser60 DHWIRMRsQEGRPVQ 9606 23095642 t llicata "Mechanistic studies show that akt causes csn6 phosphorylation at ser 60, which, in turn, reduces ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation of csn6." SIGNOR-199254 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR DFFA protein O00273 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 9108473 t lperfetto "DFF, a heterodimeric protein that functions downstream of caspase-3 to trigger DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. We have identified and purified from HeLa cytosol a protein that induces DNA fragmentation in coincubated nuclei after it is activated by caspase-3." SIGNOR-256464 PTBP1 protein P26599 UNIPROT Alternative_Splicing_Regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH204 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20010808 f "We show that three heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) proteins, polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB, also known as hnRNPI), hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2, bind repressively to sequences flanking exon 9, resulting in exon 10 inclusion." SIGNOR-268688 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248799 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2054 GGNKRKLsTAMALIG 10090 BTO:0000801 12196520 t miannu "Ser-1042 and Ser-2054, located in the nucleotide binding domains of ABCA1, are major phosphorylation sites for PKA. ABCA1 phosphorylation may affect ApoA-I-dependent phospholipid efflux by either altering the conformation of the protein to a more active state or by affecting the interaction between ABCA1 and its partner proteins." SIGNOR-250327 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 32409565 t lperfetto "Upon investigating the functional effect, we find that interaction with Tnks-1/2 inhibits the ubiquitination and proteasomal turnover of TDP-43, leading to its stabilization. We further show that proteasomal turnover of TDP-43 occurs preferentially in the nucleus; our data indicate that Tnks-1/2 stabilizes TDP-43 by promoting cytoplasmic accumulation, which sequesters the protein from nuclear proteasome degradation." SIGNOR-262116 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AFAP1 protein Q8N556 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr453 PEALHYDyIDVEMSA 9534 9655255 t lperfetto "In this report, site-directed mutagenesis and a transient expression system that permits co-expression of activated pp60c-src (Src527F) and AFAP-110 in Cos-1 cells were used to identify the SH2-binding motif in AFAP-110. Four tyrosine residues, two in the amino terminus (Y93 and Y94) and two in the carboxy terminus (Y451 and Y453), were mutated to phenylalanine, significantly reducing overall steady-state levels of tyrosine phosphorylation and preventing Src527F from forming a stable complex with AFAP-110." SIGNOR-246355 PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2–ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark." SIGNOR-264519 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16456541 t gcesareni "B56-containing pp2a dephosphorylate erk and their activity is controlled by the early gene iex-1 and erk" SIGNOR-144325 MUTYH protein Q9UIF7 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21615992 f miannu "Hmyh is involved in the activation mechanism of chk1 upon dna damage, but not in stability or inactivation." SIGNOR-173969 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser246 DSVSDQFsVEFEVES 9606 20708156 t gcesareni "Cki phosphorylates mdm2 at multiple sites to trigger mdm2/beta-trcp1 interactionbeta-trcp promotes mdm2 turnover and ubiquitination" SIGNOR-167509 SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "Eukaryotic cells regulate their volume in the long term through the coordinated function of the Na+-coupled chloride (NKCC1/2 and NCC) and K+-coupled chloride (KCC1–4) cotransporters, which encompass two branches of the SLC12|The K+-Cl− cotransporters move chloride outside the cell, are inhibited by phosphorylation, and are activated by dephosphorylation. In contrast, the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporters introduce chloride into the cell, are inhibited by dephosphorylation, and are activated by phosphorylation gene family of solute transporters (12). " SIGNOR-264634 DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT PRDX5 protein P30044 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 19229864 f lperfetto "We further demonstrated by ChIP analysis that knock-down of DEK caused hyperacetylation of histones around Prx VI promoter which is upregulated in our profile." SIGNOR-254125 5-(3-Methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine chemical CID:11617559 PUBCHEM CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259743 CDT1 protein Q9H211 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14672932 t "Chromosomal DNA replication requires the recruitment of the six-subunit minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) complex to chromatin through the action of Cdc6 and Cdt1." SIGNOR-261681 GABRD protein O14764 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263746 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAP4K2 protein Q12851 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10702297 t gcesareni "DLK mutants were used to demonstrate that a DLK leucine zipper-leucine zipper interaction is necessary for DLK dimerization and to show that DLK dimerization mediated by the leucine zipper domain is prerequisite for DLK activity and subsequent activation of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)." SIGNOR-75385 CUX1 protein P39880 UNIPROT PIK3IP1 protein Q96FE7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24316979 t miannu "We demonstrate that CUX1 deficiency activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling through direct transcriptional downregulation of the PI3K inhibitor PIK3IP1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase interacting protein 1), leading to increased tumor growth and susceptibility to PI3K-AKT inhibition." SIGNOR-260072 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser795 SPYKFPSsPLRIPGG 9606 SIGNOR-C18 23336272 t gcesareni "Cyclin d1 is known to activate cdk4, which then phosphorylates the rb protein, leading to cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-200487 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001669 23539538 t miannu "Ponatinib was found to inhibit the kinase activity of KIT G560V and KIT D816V in the human mast cell leukemia cell line HMC-1. In addition, ponatinib was found to block Lyn- and STAT5 activity in neoplastic mast cells" SIGNOR-259272 KAT6A protein Q92794 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys382 QSTSRHKkLMFKTEG 9606 BTO:0001271 SIGNOR-C54 23431171 t miannu "We show here that moz is an acetyltransferase of p53 at k120 and k382 and colocalizes with p53 in promyelocytic leukemia (pml) nuclear bodies following cellular stress. The moz-pml-p53 interaction enhances moz-mediated acetylation of p53, and this ternary complex enhances p53-dependent p21 expression" SIGNOR-201486 PKNOX1 protein P55347 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 20864515 f miannu "Prep1 overexpression in HepG2 liver cells upregulated SYP and SHP1 and inhibited insulin-induced IR and IRS1/2 phosphorylation and was accompanied by reduced glycogen content." SIGNOR-254924 ALDH9A1 protein P49189 UNIPROT NADH(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57945 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "Aldolytic cleavage of HTML yields 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMABA) and glycine, a reaction catalysed by HTML aldolase (HTMLA; EC 4.1.2.‘X’). Dehydrogenation of TMABA by TMABA dehydrogenase (TMABA-DH; EC 1.2.1.47) results in the formation of 4-Ntrimethylaminobutyrate (butyrobetaine)." SIGNOR-269695 WDHD1 protein O75717 UNIPROT CLSPN protein Q9HAW4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 26082189 t miannu "And-1 is phosphorylated at T826 by ATR following replication stress, and this phosphorylation is required for And-1 to accumulate at the damage sites, where And-1 promotes the interaction between Claspin and Chk1, thereby stimulating efficient Chk1 activation by ATR. Significantly, And-1 binds directly to ssDNA and facilitates the association of Claspin with ssDNA." SIGNOR-262665 BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 HNPISSVs 9606 9136927 t lperfetto "Here, we report that bmp receptors phosphorylate and activate smad1 directly. Phosphorylation of smad1 in vivo involves serines in the carboxy-terminal motif ssxs. These residues are phosphorylated directly by a bmp type i receptor in vitro" SIGNOR-249648 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBD1 protein Q9UJT1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-117159 ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser323 QRLFRSPsMPCSVIR 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 15150265 t lperfetto "P38 binds and phosphorylates cdc25-b and -c at serines 309 and 361 and at serine 216, respectively, and phosphorylation of these residues is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteinsphosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-124843 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser481 KEDGHRTsTSAVPNL -1 8810272 t miannu "Protein kinase A phosphorylates -adducin at three sites in the neck domain (Ser-408, ’436, and ’481) in addition to the MARCKS-related domain of both subunits. Phosphorylation by PKA, in contrast to PKC, reduced affinity of erythrocyte adducin for spectrin-F-actin complexes as well as activity of adducin in promoting binding of spectrin to F-actin." SIGNOR-250331 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT CP protein P00450 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 14556242 t gcesareni "Two genes were newly identified to be shh responsive in neuroepithelial cell line mns-70: the metal-binding protein ceruloplasmin (cp) and the serine protease inhibitor inter-alpha-trypsine inhibitor heavy chain h3 (itih3). cp appeared to be regulated by gli-independent pathways." SIGNOR-118612 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259009 USH1G protein Q495M9 UNIPROT "TIP-LINK complex" complex SIGNOR-C291 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The adaptor proteins harmonin and SANS, and the motor protein myosin 7a (Myo7a) bind in vitro to each other and to CDH23 (Adato et al., 2005; Bahloul et al., 2010; Boeda et al., 2002; Siemens et al., 2002) and co-localize at the upper insertion site of tip links (Grati and Kachar, 2011; Grillet et al., 2009b), suggesting that they form a protein complex important for transduction." SIGNOR-262578 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT UGT8 protein Q16880 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Upregulation of PTGS2, ANPEP, KDR, UGT8, INHBA, ERMAP, RALGPS1 and SPON1 was confirmed." SIGNOR-261665 lenalidomide chemical CHEBI:63791 ChEBI CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 26131937 t gcesareni "Lenalidomide, like thalidomide and pomalidomide, binds CRBN and induces degradation of specific substrates" SIGNOR-236891 nutlin-3A chemical CID:11433190 PUBCHEM MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194874 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr24 LPRPRSCtWPLPRPE 9606 10377430 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that pkb/akt directly phosphorylates fkhr1, a member of the closely related fkhr subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors, on at least two residues (threonine-24 and serine-253). These results indicate that phosphorylation by pkbyakt negatively regulates fkhr1 by promoting export from the nucleus." SIGNOR-252872 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17900900 t lperfetto "The energy sensor amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) has been shown to directly phosphorylate foxo factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the akt phosphorylation sites, resulting in foxo activation" SIGNOR-216484 IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT Myoblast_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH98 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 12757709 f miannu "These data demonstrate that following myotube formation, myotubes recruit myoblast fusion by secretion of IL-4, leading to muscle growth" SIGNOR-255896 MBD2 protein Q9UBB5 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001412 19781662 f "Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the formation of inflammatory leukotrienes. 5-LO gene expression is mainly restricted to B cells and cells of myeloid origin. It is known that basal 5-lipoxygenase promoter activity is regulated by DNA methylation.|Using ChIP assays, we found that the methyl-DNA binding proteins MBD1, MBD2 and MeCP2 bind to the methylated 5-LO core promoter in U937 cells. Knock down of each of the MBDs upregulates 5-LO mRNA expression in U937 cells indicating that these proteins are involved in silencing of the 5-LO gene." SIGNOR-254026 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 9753670 f gcesareni "Wnt4, wnt5a and wnt6 exert an intermediate effect activating both myf5 and myod equivalently in paraxial mesoderm." SIGNOR-60376 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ANKIB1 protein Q9P2G1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271232 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser272 RSRLTPVsPESSSTE 9606 BTO:0000551 20974803 t lperfetto "Here we show that cdk1 phosphorylates p62 in vitro and in vivo at t269 and s272, which is necessary for the maintenance of appropriate cyclin b1 levels and the levels of cdk1 activity necessary to allow cells to properly enter and exit mitosis." SIGNOR-216932 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM74 protein Q86UV6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271186 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIP12 protein Q14669 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271285 15(S)-HETE smallmolecule CHEBI:15558 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 12517954 t lperfetto "15(S)-HETE is a ligand for PPARγ in IL-4-stimulated A549 cells" SIGNOR-254095 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18722121 t lperfetto "Ser719, ser721, and ser722 are the predominant rsk-dependent phosphorylation sites in raptor raptor phosphorylation regulates mtorc1 activity" SIGNOR-217553 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT SNW1 protein Q13573 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10713164 t gcesareni "SKIP, a CBF1-associated protein, interacts with the ankyrin repeat domain of NotchIC To facilitate NotchIC function." SIGNOR-75782 USP36 protein Q9P275 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 19208757 t lperfetto "USP36 deubiquitylated the nucleolar proteins nucleophosmin/B23 and fibrillarin, and stabilized them by counteracting ubiquitylation-mediated proteasomal degradation. " SIGNOR-272290 estramustine chemical CHEBI:4868 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 14755680 t miannu "A variety of new estrogenic/anti‐estrogenic/selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)‐like compounds, including 2‐methoxyestradiol, genistein, resveratrol, licochalcone, Raloxifene, ICI 182,780, and estramustine are being evaluated for their potential in the next generation of PCa therapies." SIGNOR-259296 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr376 QVAPRAGtPGFRAPE -1 10846177 t llicata "Among four possible Cdk phosphorylation sites of huCdc7, replacement of Thr-376, corresponding to the activating threonine of Cdk, with alanine (T376A mutant) dramatically reduces kinase activity, indicative of kinase activation by phosphorylation of this residue. In vitro, Cdk2-Cyclin E, Cdk2-Cyclin A, and Cdc2-Cyclin B, but not Cdk4-Cyclin D1, phosphorylates the Thr-376 residue of huCdc7, suggesting possible regulation of huCdc7 by Cdks." SIGNOR-250643 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr158 Y-->S 9606 BTO:0000938 32599005 t lperfetto "JAK2 regulates Nav1.6 channel function via FGF14Y158 phosphorylation|Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed that through Y158, JAK2 controls FGF14-dependent modulation of Nav1.6 channels. In hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, the JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib reduced firing by a mechanism that is dependent upon expression of FGF14." SIGNOR-275747 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219308 "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR up-regulates 17522231 f lperfetto "These results suggest that when SARS-CoV binds ACE2 it is internalized and penetrates early endosomes in a clathrin-dependent manner |The clathrin-dependent endocytosis is initiated by the binding of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes to the cytoplasmic tail of the cell-surface receptors, which recruits clathrins" SIGNOR-260704 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr260 QPWNSDStLNSRQLE 9606 19468302 t llicata "Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of a purified hscyk-4 fragment (hscyk-4n) phosphorylated by plk1 in vitro identified four major sites (s157, s170, s214, and s260 plk1 phosphorylation of hscyk-4 localizes ect2 at the midzone and stimulates rhoa-dependent contractile ring assembly at the equatorial cortex." SIGNOR-185758 LRP1B protein Q9NZR2 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 "BTO:0000038; BTO:0000675" 28408316 f irozzo "Forced expression of LRP1B in SW480 and SW620 cells inhibited the growth, migration and anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells." SIGNOR-259091 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPIVKRL 9606 15241418 t lperfetto "We have mapped CDK4 and CDK2 phosphorylation sites to Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 in Smad3. Mutation of the CDK phosphorylation sites increases Smad3 transcriptional activity," SIGNOR-217734 "BS-181 hydrochloride" chemical CID:49867928 PUBCHEM CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190783 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC1 protein Q96QV6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHH 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271761 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1406 GAGGRRLsSFVTKGY 11986331 t miannu "CAD is down-regulated as the cells emerge from S phase by protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. PKA phosphorylates Ser1406 and Ser1859, although only Ser1406 is involved in regulation." SIGNOR-250344 DPF2 protein Q92785 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20460684 t miannu "Our current findings indicate that REQ is a novel adaptor protein that links the Brm-type SWI/SNF complex and RelB/p52 and operates at the most downstream stages of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway." SIGNOR-261963 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HECTD4 protein Q9Y4D8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271303 PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 19224921 t lperfetto "Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation|In addition to CPSF, IRBIT interacted in vitro with poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is the enzyme recruited by CPSF to elongate the poly(A) tail, and inhibited PAP activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268327 UQCRFS1 protein P47985 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262190 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT PPP1R17 protein O96001 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr119 KKPRRKDtPALHMSP 9606 BTO:0001011 10051666 t miannu "Recombinant human G-substrate was phosphorylated efficiently by cGMP-dependent protein kinase exclusively at Thr residues, and it was recognized by antibodies specific for rabbit phospho-G-substrate. The amino acid sequences surrounding the sites of phosphorylation in G-substrate are related to those around Thr-34 and Thr-35 of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein DARPP-32 and inhibitor-1, respectively, two potent inhibitors of protein phosphatase 1." SIGNOR-263147 VPS18 protein Q9P253 UNIPROT PLK2 protein Q9NYY3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16203730 t miannu "VPS18 Ubiquitylates SNK in Vitro and in Vivo. The ubiquitylation of proteins by hVPS18 was selectively mediated by UbcH4. " SIGNOR-271550 STK24 protein Q9Y6E0 UNIPROT STK24 protein Q9Y6E0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr190 DTQIKRNtFVGTPFW 9606 BTO:0000671 17046825 t gcesareni "Inhibition of cell migration by autophosphorylated mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 3 (mst3) involves paxillin and protein-tyrosine phosphatase-pest." SIGNOR-150131 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TEX14 protein Q8IWB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr727 SNLNNMStTEEYLIS 9606 BTO:0000007 22405274 t miannu "Cdk1 phosphorylation of Tex14 is required for the Tex14-Plk1 interaction" SIGNOR-273524 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT S100A4 protein P26447 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000452 BTO:0001279 31623154 f "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation increasing interaction)" "We demonstrated the increased expression of S100A4 also in fibroblasts derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients carrying SOD1 pathogenic variants." SIGNOR-262784 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT CyclinD1/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C143 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8114739 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the human PLSTIRE gene product is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk6. The cdk6 kinase is associated with cyclins D1, D2, and D3 in lysates of human cells and is activated by coexpression with D-type cyclins in Sf9 insect cells." SIGNOR-250680 PIK-90 chemical CID:6857685 PUBCHEM PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206226 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser50 RNRYRDVsPFDHSRI 10090 BTO:0000944 11579209 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ptp1b at ser(50) by akt impairs its ability to dephosphorylate the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-252542 POU2AF1 protein Q16633 UNIPROT POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 12727885 t miannu "Obf1 enhances transcriptional potential of oct1." SIGNOR-100968 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr21 IENEEQEyVQTVKSS 9606 24103589 t lperfetto "The authors identified several phosphorylated residues by a combination of peptide mapping and sequence analysis and showed that recombinant pp60c-src phosphorylates annexin a1 near its amino terminus, at tyrosine 21 (tyr21). Also polyoma virus middle t/pp60c-src complex, recombinant pp50v-abl, and the egf receptor/kinase phosphorylated the same tyrosine residue. It was also shown that serine 27 residue of anxa1 is the primary site phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc). In the same study, the threonine 41 residue has been identified as a pkc substrate as well. The adenosine cyclic 3_,5_-phosphate dependent protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylates anxa1 in its carboxyl-terminal core at the threonine 216 residue (thr216) [2].Finally in 2013 caron et al. showed the relevance of y21 phosphorylation for the anxa1 stability. In fact the authors demonstrated that the tyrosine 21 phosphorylation is crucial for anxa1 sumoylation induced by egf" SIGNOR-202776 "Class II MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C429 SIGNOR T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31810556 f scontino "Once they are formed, peptide/MHC class II molecules complexes are very stable and allow for sustained antigen presentation increasing the chances to encounter the matching CD4+ T lymphocytes. Once CD4+ T cells have become acti- vated, they in turn trigger macrophages to eliminate pathogens that have been previously internalized, and B lymphocytes to produce pathogen- specific antibodies." SIGNOR-267873 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 21443688 t Luana "YN968D1 potently suppressed the kinase activities of VEGFR-2, c-kit and c-src, and inhibited cellular phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, c-kit and PDGFRβ." SIGNOR-257900 MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16406812 t gcesareni "Another protein suggested to play a role in caspase-8 translocation to mitochondria is the mitochondrial membrane protein cardif" SIGNOR-143572 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001255 12839928 f miannu "Activation of p38 MAPK is required for arsenite-induced apoptosis and MEK1,2 dephosphorylation in human skin fibroblasts. Our data suggest the presence of a continuous negative feedback from p38α and p38β to MEK1,2 as simultaneous inhibition of p38α and p38β isoforms in normal quiescent cells resulted in accumulation of phosphorylated MEK1,2 (Fig. 2A) ⇓ . This negative regulation of MEK1,2 in normal cells could be considered a means to control MEK1,2-mediated proliferation and expression of transformation-related genes." SIGNOR-263511 IFNGR2/INFGR1 complex SIGNOR-C142 SIGNOR JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249506 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT NARS2 protein Q96I59 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269423 GRIN2D protein O15399 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. The NMDA receptor subtypes are encoded by three gene families that process mRNA transcripts to yield six distinct subunits (NR1, NR2A-2D, NR3A). Receptors are thought to be tetrameric complexes of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits" SIGNOR-264127 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT ECT2 protein Q9H8V3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 f Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261589 WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 30566428 t lperfetto "In the WT brain, the WDR62 scaffold organizes a protein complex including MEKK3, MKK4/7, and JNK1 to control NPC development during corticogenesis" SIGNOR-271716 ARMC10 protein Q8N2F6 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000971;BTO:0005814 17904127 t miannu "Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays have demonstrated that SVH-B directly interacts with p53. In both BEL-7404 cells and p53-null Saos-2 cells transfected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of p53, V143A, ectopically expressed SVH-B suppresses the transcriptional activity of p53, and suppression of SVH by RNA interference increases the transcriptional activity of p53. Our results suggested the function of SVH-B in accelerating growth and inhibition of apoptosis is related to its inhibitory binding to p53." SIGNOR-266414 TRIM62 protein Q9BVG3 UNIPROT TRIM62 protein Q9BVG3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23402750 t miannu "A ubiquitination assay performed in HEK293T cells further confirmed the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and self-ubiquitination activity of TRIM62 and the requirement of the RING finger domain. Importantly, the treatment of HEK293T cells with a proteasome inhibitor stabilized poly-ubiquitinated TRIM62, indicating that self-ubiquitination promoted the proteasomal degradation of TRIM62. " SIGNOR-272102 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 7535770 t lperfetto "Recently, two map kinase kinases (mkk3 and mkk4) that activate p38 map kinase have been identified. the mechanism of p38 activation is mediated by dual phosphorylation on thr-180 and tyr-182." SIGNOR-236103 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser418 KTQTPPVsPAPQPTE 10029 26490115 t Manara "Together these findings demonstrate that phosphorylation of cortactin on S405 and S418 residues is required for its interaction with WAVE2 in MCP1-induced cytoskeleton remodeling, facilitating HASMC migration. In addition, the MCP1-induced cortactin phosp" SIGNOR-260890 "cyclosporin A" chemical CHEBI:4031 ChEBI PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-127231 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser633 SFDTHFRsPSSSVGS 9606 12620228 t llicata "Erk-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription initiation factor tif-ia is required for rna polymerase i transcription and cell growth. phosphopeptide mapping and mutational analysis reveals two serine residues (s633 and s649) that are phosphorylated by erk and rsk kinases. Replacement of s649 by alanine inactivates tif-ia, inhibits pre-rrna synthesis, and retards cell growth." SIGNOR-98980 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 10944526 t gcesareni "Our results provide direct evidence that myod acetylation functionally activates the protein and show that both pcaf and cbp/p300 are candidate enzymes for myod acetylation in vivo." SIGNOR-81047 SNW1 protein Q13573 UNIPROT NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887 10713164 t gcesareni "We present evidence that skip interacts with the cbf1 corepressor complex and that skip has a role in orchestrating the conversion of cbf1 from an smrt-hdac-tethered transcriptional repressor to a notchic-tethered activation complex." SIGNOR-75785 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2152 TRRRRAPsVANVGSH 9606 BTO:0000848 15024089 t gcesareni "We show that the n-terminal kinase domain of rsk phosphorylates flna on ser(2152) in response to mitogens" SIGNOR-252790 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24789820 t lperfetto "AP2 adaptor complexes, associated at the membrane with PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2), recruit clathin triskelions to initiate lattice assembly. " SIGNOR-260663 PRKAR2B protein P31323 UNIPROT PRKAR2B protein P31323 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser114 NRFTRRAsVCAEAYN 10090 15822905 t miannu "Ser114 (the autophosphorylation site) of human RII beta. Point mutation of the autophosphorylation site or in the nuclear location signal causes protein kinase A RII beta regulatory subunit to lose its ability to revert transformed fibroblasts." SIGNOR-250076 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr419 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 BTO:0002057 15489898 t gcesareni "The increased Src activity is mainly due to the phosphorylation of Tyr-419, rather than the dephosphorylation of Tyr-530 of Src protein. PDGFR, not FAK or EGFR, appears to be the upstream protein tyrosine kinase responsible for the detachment-induced Src activation in the lung tumor cells." SIGNOR-247979 KLHL9 protein Q9P2J3 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17543862 t miannu "Aurora B Interacts with the Cul3 Complex during Mitosis and Is Ubiquitylated in a Cul3-Dependent Manner In Vivo and In Vitro. our results suggest that Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 activity is required to remove the chromosomal passenger protein Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, and that Aurora B is ubiquitylated in vivo and in vitro in a KLHL9/13-dependent manner. We conclude that the Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 E3 ligase is an important cell-cycle regulator which, in addition to the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), coordinates mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis." SIGNOR-271658 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268584 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MKRN4P protein Q13434 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271250 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252176 "Host translation inhibitor nsp1" protein P0DTD1-PRO_0000449619 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002552 33188728 t miannu "Our structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 protein bound to the 40S ribosomal subunit establishes a mechanistic basis of the cellular effects of Nsp1, revealing a multifaceted mechanism of inhibition of the host protein synthesis at the initiation stage by the virusThis shows that Nsp1 not only plugs the mRNA entry channel but also keeps the 40S subunit in a conformation that is incompatible with mRNA loading." SIGNOR-262518 "AMG 458" chemical CID:24764449 PUBCHEM MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189516 CCT239065 chemical CID:44131523 PUBCHEM BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190907 "DNA polymerase gamma" complex SIGNOR-C378 SIGNOR DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 19837034 f lperfetto "DNA Pol gamma, in contrast to the many nuclear DNA polymerases (DNAPs) that have specialized functions, is solely responsible for DNA replication and repair in mitochondria. " SIGNOR-265720 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 9841917 t "Nuclear p53" amattioni "In an attempt to understand how CD95 expression is regulated by p53, we identified a p53-responsive element within the first intron of the CD95 gene, as well as three putative elements within the promoter. The intronic element conferred transcriptional activation by p53 and cooperated with p53-responsive elements in the promoter of the CD95 gene. wt p53 bound to and transactivated the CD95 gene," SIGNOR-62376 KLHL2 protein O95198 UNIPROT WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272121 ARID1A protein O14497 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270743 "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24929114 t miannu "Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation. TKs (with the exception of the enzymes of mammalian origin) are characterized by broad substrate specificity. Xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), erythrulose 4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate are typical donor substrates of TK; ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), and erythrose 4-phosphate are typical acceptor substrates." SIGNOR-268142 ARFGAP1 protein Q8N6T3 UNIPROT ARF1 protein P84077 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" -1 10102276 t "The ARFGAP molecule binds to switch 2 and helix α3 to orient ARF1 residues for catalysis, but it supplies neither arginine nor other amino acid side chains to the GTPase active site." SIGNOR-261915 MZF1 protein P28698 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26010542 t irozzo "The luciferase reporter assay results revealed that the presence of both MZF-1 and Elk-1 significantly contributed to the upregulation of PKCα gene transcription activity." SIGNOR-256337 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 15994958 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-138471 atropine chemical CHEBI:16684 ChEBI CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258393 UTP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:46398 ChEBI UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) chemical CHEBI:58885 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 8631325 t miannu "UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.9) catalyses the interconversion of MgUTP plus Glc1P and UDP-Glc plus MgPPi." SIGNOR-267925 UNC80 protein Q8N2C7 UNIPROT UNC79 protein Q9P2D8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22196327 t miannu "The NALCN complex in the brain consists of NALCN, UNC80 and UNC79. UNC80 directly associates with NALCN and UNC79 forms part of the complex by its interaction with UNC80." SIGNOR-265183 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites." SIGNOR-252869 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr402 PEQSKRStMVGTPYW -1 10075701 t miannu "Eight autophosphorylation sites were identified in Cdc42-activated gamma-PAK, six of which are in common with those previously reported in alpha-PAK, while Ser-19 and Ser-165 appear to be uniquely phosphorylated in the gamma-form. Further, the phosphorylation of Ser-141, Ser-165, and Thr-402 was found to correlate with gamma-PAK activation. The information resulting from manual Edman degradation and from automated sequencing clearly identified Ser-192, Ser-197, and Thr-402 as the phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-250230 "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30037851 t miannu "NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). " SIGNOR-264219 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 11099498 t "These findings indicate that both G alpha(i) and G beta gamma stimulate Rac and Cdc42 pathways with lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell spreading on fibronectin" SIGNOR-256531 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 "phosphorylation: ser1263" FSDSPPQsPTFPEAG 16698035 t "ACCA binds BRCA1 when phosphorylated onSer1263, thus supporting a model in which controlof lipid synthesis would be mediated at least in part,viaphosphorylation of the Ser1263." SIGNOR-267474 MRPS9 protein P82933 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261438 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 DINRGAPsITSVTPR 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262717 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr451 PIPKALGtPVLTPPT 9606 BTO:0000848 BTO:0001253 20959475 t lperfetto "Braf(v600e) signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and c-jun nh(2) terminal kinase-mediated activation of foxo4 via its phosphorylation on thr(223), ser(226), thr(447), and thr(451)." SIGNOR-168762 NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19237537 t miannu "The in vivo existence of an SF-1 corepressor complex consisting of DAX-1, RNF31, and SMRT at the steroidogenic promoters of the human StAR and CYP19 genes. We demonstrate that RNF31 is necessary for the stable association of the DAX-1 corepressor complex with chromatin-bound SF-1, thereby inhibiting the recruitment of coactivators and Pol II and controlling basal transcription levels of SF-1 target genes." SIGNOR-271788 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol chemical CHEBI:34372 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity. Here, we evaluated the endocrine-disrupting risks of the bisphenols by investigating their agonist and antagonist activities with the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptors. Our results showed that BPA, BPS, and BPF (BPs) have estrogen agonist and androgen antagonist activities and decrease the ERα protein level. ." SIGNOR-268733 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser434 SFEPKIRsPRRFIGS 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-121984 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGC4 protein Q9Y5F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265693 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1889 SPTTPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176813 "prostaglandin E2" smallmolecule CHEBI:15551 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16293724 t gcesareni "Pge2 also stimulated akt activity in a pi3k-dependent manner." SIGNOR-141817 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-263867 "SL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C464 SIGNOR UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15970593 t lperfetto "Therefore, we propose that SL1 directs PIC formation, functioning in core promoter binding, RNA polymerase I recruitment, and UBF stabilization and that SL1-promoter complex formation is a necessary prerequisite to the assembly of functional and stable PICs that include the UBF activator in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-269567 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr304 QPIPQPTtPVSSFTS 9606 BTO:0001938 16407227 t "HIPK2 phosphorylates the activation domain of Pax6, which augments Pax6 transactivation by enhancing its interaction with p300. Mass spectrometric analysis identified three Pax6 phosphorylation sites as threonines 281, 304, and 373." SIGNOR-251270 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser130 SGEQAEGsPGGPGDS 9606 12058028 t gcesareni "The stress-activated protein kinases p38 alpha and jnk1 stabilize p21(cip1) by phosphorylation.|p38 alpha and JNK1 phosphorylated p21 in vivo, and both p38 alpha and JNK1 phosphorylated p21 at Ser(130) in vitro." SIGNOR-89440 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 NGKGRPAsLAGAQFG 9606 BTO:0000150 26212009 t lperfetto "The p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is overexpressed in advanced cancer and the transcription factor E47 is a direct repressor of E-cadherin and inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). |In this study, we found that PAK5-mediated E47 phosphorylation promoted EMT in advanced colon cancer. PAK5 interacted with E47 and phosphorylated E47 on Ser39 under hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation" SIGNOR-275653 entacapone chemical CHEBI:4798 ChEBI COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7703232 t miannu "Human soluble (S) and membrane-bound (MB) catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.6) enzymes have been expressed at sufficiently high levels in Escherichia coli and in baculovirus-infected insect cells to allow kinetic characterization of the enzyme forms. The use of tight-binding inhibitors such as entacapone enabled the estimation of actual enzyme concentrations and, thereby, comparison of velocity parameters, substrate selectivity, and regioselectivity of the methylation of both enzyme forms." SIGNOR-258476 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates cleavage 10090 18344021 t apalma "Two ADAMs have been implicated in the S2 cleavage of Notch. In Drosophila, ADAM10 ortholog Kuzbanian is the main protease mediating Notch processing [35–38]. In mouse cells in vitro, ADAM17, and not ADAM10, appears to be a protease responsible for Notch cleavage" SIGNOR-255370 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 BTO:0003620 11201744 t "CD45 is a JAK phosphatase and negatively regulates cytokine receptor signalling" SIGNOR-248347 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TNS3 protein Q68CZ2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1173 QDTSKFWyKADISRE 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 19732724 t llicata "Tyrosines in the sh2 domain contribute to the biological activity of tensin-3, and phosphorylation of these tyrosines can regulate ligand binding. tensin-3 is a src substrate" SIGNOR-187843 "HECT E3 ligase" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF104 SIGNOR Ub:HECT_E3 complex SIGNOR-C518 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271376 FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0002809 9182757 t fspada "In this report, we demonstrate that FGF stimulation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel lipid anchored docking protein, termed FRS2, that forms a complex with Grb2/Sos, thus linking FGF-receptor activation to the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway." SIGNOR-236953 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG -1 11955436 t "β-catenin degradation is initiated upon amino-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation, which is believed to be performed by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in complex with tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adnomatous polyposis coli (APC)" SIGNOR-260015 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR SEC31A protein O94979 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination lys647 9606 BTO:0000567 22358839 t miannu "By analyzing mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) division, we have identified Cul3Klhl12 as a regulator of COPII coat formation. Cul3Klhl12 monoubiquitinates Sec31 and drives assembly of large COPII-coats. As a result, ubiquitination by Cul3Klhl12 is essential for collagen export, a step that is required for integrin-dependent mESC division." SIGNOR-272012 PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser4 sQKHRDFV 9606 16495336 t lperfetto "Herein, we demonstrate we demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain. We have identified the major phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation of ser-4 to be protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit." SIGNOR-144779 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 BTO:0000130 11583116 t lperfetto "P90-rsk and akt may promote rapid phosphorylation/inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils. These reactions were monitored with a phosphospecific antibody that only recognized the alpha- or beta-isoforms of GSK-3 when these proteins were phosphorylated on serine residues 21 and 9, respectively." SIGNOR-110827 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SPHK2 protein Q9NRA0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 PATVEPAsPTPAHSL 9606 BTO:0000150 17311928 t llicata "Sphingosine kinase type 2 activation by erk-mediated phosphorylation. site-directed mutagenesis indicated that hsphk2 is phosphorylated on ser-351 and thr-578 by erk1" SIGNOR-153387 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT MATR3 protein P43243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 27731383 t "P35637:p.Pro525Leu (mutation disrupting interaction)" "Moreover, FUS interacts with another nuclear matrix-associated protein Matrin3, which is muted in a subset of familial ALS cases and reportedly interacts with TDP-43. Interestingly, ectopic ALS-linked FUS mutant sequestered endogenous Matrin3 and SAFB1 in the cytoplasmic aggregates." SIGNOR-262822 BAZ2B protein Q9UIF8 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 acetylation:Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 31999386 t miannu "The BAZ2B bromodomain has been shown to bind to acetylated H3K14 (H3K14ac), whose presence at promoter regions is generally associated with gene activation. This suggests a potential role for BAZ2B in transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266618 nilotinib chemical CHEBI:52172 ChEBI BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001056 23409026 t miannu "Pre-existing BCR-ABL mutations can be detected in a substantial number of chronic-phase CML patients by sensitive allele-specific PCR technique using CD34+ cells. These mutations are associated with imatinib resistance if affecting drug binding directly or indirectly. After the recent approval of nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia along with imatinib, all of which vary in their effectiveness against mutated BCR-ABL forms, detection of pre-existing BCR-ABL mutations can help in selection of appropriate first-line drug therapy." SIGNOR-259269 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser87 KTVEGAGsIAAATGF 9606 BTO:0000938 16959772 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assay of anti-dyrk1a immunocomplexes demonstrated that dyrk1a could phosphorylate alpha-synuclein at ser-87. Furthermore, aggregates formed by phosphorylated alpha-synuclein have a distinct morphology and are more neurotoxic compared with aggregates composed of unmodified wild type alpha-synuclein. These findings suggest alpha-synuclein inclusion formation regulated by dyrk1a, potentially affecting neuronal cell viability." SIGNOR-149393 HES5 protein Q5TA89 UNIPROT ATOH1 protein Q92858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 30030829 f lperfetto "The basic-helixloop-helix factors HES1 and HES5 repress the expression of the proneural genes (Ascl1, Atoh1, Neurog1 and Neurog2) and thereby inhibit NSCs differentiation and neuron production" SIGNOR-265145 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr305 TDAATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 BTO:0000007 9512493 t lperfetto "The activation of PKBbeta and PKBgamma by PDK1 was accompanied by the phosphorylation of the residues equivalent to Thr308 in PKBalpha, namely Thr309 (PKBbeta) and Thr305 (PKBgamma). PKBgamma which had been activated by PDK1 possessed a substrate specificity identical with that of PKBalpha and PKBbeta towards a range of peptides. The activation of PKBgamma and its phosphorylation at Thr305 was triggered by insulin-like growth factor-1 in 293 cells." SIGNOR-248996 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2S protein Q16763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271343 SEC23IP protein Q9Y6Y8 UNIPROT "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16975 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269657 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248303 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f miannu "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-263127 "GABA-B receptor" complex SIGNOR-C336 SIGNOR GNB5 protein O14775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30541966 t miannu "GABAB receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate slow and prolonged inhibitory action, via activation of Gαi/o-type proteins. GABAB receptors mediate their inhibitory action through activating inwardly rectifying K+ channels, inactivating voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and inhibiting adenylate cyclase." SIGNOR-265064 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 10485710 f lperfetto "Tnf activates phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pi(3)k)." SIGNOR-70616 SNRPD2 protein P62316 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270636 CCR3 protein P51677 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000399 10706854 t "Activation of ERK2 and p38 by eotaxin is mediated through CCR3." SIGNOR-256092 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr2 tTSQKHRD 9606 16495336 t lperfetto "Herein, we demonstrate that b1, vrk1, and vrk2 efficiently phosphorylate the extreme n' terminus of the baf protein. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain" SIGNOR-144787 HACE1 protein Q8IYU2 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22036506 t "The CNF1 toxin of pathogenic Escherichia coli addresses Rac1 to ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). We report the essential role of the tumor suppressor HACE1, a HECT-domain containing E3 ubiquitin-ligase, in the targeting of Rac1 to UPS. HACE1 binds preferentially GTP-bound Rac1 and catalyzes its polyubiquitylation" SIGNOR-255538 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 14662005 t Luana "Adenosine is a physiological nucleoside which acts as an autocoid and activates G protein-coupled membrane receptors, designated A1, A2A, A2B and A3." SIGNOR-268421 NFE2 protein Q16621 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000426 16287851 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "NF-E2 is a transcription activator for the regulation of a number of erythroid- and megakaryocytic lineage-specific genes. Here we present evidence that the large subunit of mammalian NF-E2, p45, is sumoylated in vivo in human erythroid K562 cells. we demonstrated by stable transfection assay that only the wild-type p45, but not its mutant form p45 (K368R), could efficiently rescue β-globin gene expression in the p45-null, erythroid cell line CB3. These data together point to a model of mammalian β-like globin gene activation by sumoylated p45/NF-E2 in erythroid cells." SIGNOR-251841 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr156 ADEDEDDyHNPGYLV 9606 BTO:0000782 11368773 t lperfetto "In the present study we reconstituted the LAT signalling pathway by demonstrating that a direct tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT with activated protein-tyrosine kinase Zap70 is necessary and sufficient for the association and activation of signalling proteins. Zap-70 efficiently phosphorylates LAT on tyrosine residues at positions 226, 191, 171, 132 and 127." SIGNOR-247018 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr405 VGGSGIGtPPSVLKR BTO:0000007 10593981 t llicata "Ten phosphorylation sites carboxyl-terminal to the DNA-binding domain were identified by this method: threonines at positions 267, 408, 497, 519, 522, and 524 and serines at positions 283, 396, 455, and 581. | Our results indicate that B-Myb can be phosphorylated in a cell-free system by both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. | These data suggest that B-Myb is a target for phosphorylation by cyclin-Cdk2 and that phosphorylation of B-Myb regulates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-250737 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT COL10A1 protein Q03692 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21337390 f miannu "The inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA induced OA-like gene expression changes, namely the significant down-regulation of aggrecan and up-regulation of COL10A1 and ADAMTS-5." SIGNOR-255141 tolcapone chemical CHEBI:63630 ChEBI COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9681662 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Entacapone and tolcapone were powerful inhibitors of COMT and their IC50 estimates were 151 and 773 nM (P=0.008), respectively, in the liver; consistent results were obtained with the other tissues." SIGNOR-261091 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT LIG1 protein P18858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser51 GVVSESDsPVKRPGR 9606 BTO:0000567 12851383 t lperfetto "Thus, phosphorylation of serine 51 on hligi plays a critical role in regulating the interaction between hligi and rfc, which is required for efficient dna replication and repair." SIGNOR-103246 CDK11A protein Q9UQ88 UNIPROT SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser242 WTDSEVDsSCSGQPI 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273021 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT HYAL1 protein Q12794 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004796 18718911 f miannu "in cells which do not express HYAL-1, we found SP1 binding to the HYAL-1 promoter. Because both SP1 and Egr-1 have two overlapping binding sites within the promoter (Fig. 5), it appears that although SP1 binding to the methylated HYAL-1 promoter turns off transcription, binding of Erg-1 (and also AP-2) to the unmethylated promoter turns on transcription." SIGNOR-253879 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 9606 12510059 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-96936 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 19436055 f miannu "The alternative survival and proliferation pathway triggered by higher concentrations of GM-CSF is dependent on the dodecamer assembly and involves the Jak/STAT, Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and PI-3 kinase pathways" SIGNOR-255578 EXOC7 protein Q9UPT5 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270782 ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000762 30616754 t lperfetto "Down-regulation of FBP1 by ZEB1-mediated repression confers to growth and invasion in lung cancer cells|we confirmed DNA methylation in the promoter contributed to the decrease of FBP1 expression in lung cancer cells. We identified Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) bond to FBP1 promoter to enhance DNA methylation in lung cancer cells." SIGNOR-267596 6alpha-methylprednisolone chemical CHEBI:6888 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 9259419 t "rheumatoid arthritis" gcesareni SIGNOR-251695 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2448 RSRTRTDsYSAGQSV 9606 10910062 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylated mTOR at two COOH-terminal sites (Thr2446 and Ser2448) in vitro, Ser2448 was the major phosphorylation site in insulin-stimulated or -activated AKT-expressing human embryonic kidney cells. These results demonstrate that mTOR is a direct target of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in mitogen-stimulated cells, and that the identified AKT phosphorylation sites are nested within a repressor domain that negatively regulates the catalytic activity of mTOR.¬†" SIGNOR-244311 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser568 PQATRQTsVSGPAPP 3118371 t llicata "Sites 2 and 3 are serine residues phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II." SIGNOR-250707 MRPL1 protein Q9BYD6 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262384 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27571105 t areggio "Although there are other activators of PCP, Wnt5a can activate the PCP pathway by forming a complex with Fzd and Ror2 receptors, activating DVL, which in turn activates Rho-family small GTPases, including RhoA and Rac, and their downstream effectors, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), the actin-binding protein, Filamin A and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)" SIGNOR-258971 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT NEUROG2 protein Q9H2A3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 30030829 f lperfetto "The basic-helixloop-helix factors HES1 and HES5 repress the expression of the proneural genes (Ascl1, Atoh1, Neurog1 and Neurog2) and thereby inhibit NSCs differentiation and neuron production" SIGNOR-265142 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17620431 t miannu "The present study describes an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, multitargeted kinase inhibitor, pazopanib (GW786034), and the drug concentration requirement for maximal in vivo activity. Pazopanib is a low nanomolar inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-Kit tyrosine kinases. Pazopanib inhibition of a number of kinases outside of the VEGFR family was also determined. These included Abl1; Akt3; activin-like kinase 6; cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin A; cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A; c-fms; c-Kit; epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB2; ErbB4; EphB4; focal adhesion kinase; FGF receptors (FGFR) 1, 2, and 3; Flt-3; glycogen synthase kinase 3; insulin-like growth factor type I receptor; insulin receptor; interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase; c-jun NH2-terminal kinases 1, 2, and 3; lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (murine); Met; p38α; PDGFRα and PDGFRβ; protein kinase C-β1 and -β2; polo-like kinases 1 and 3; Ret; Src; Syk; Tie-2; and Wee1. All assays were conducted using purified, recombinantly expressed catalytic domains of the kinases." SIGNOR-259168 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser255 PKIEDVGsDEEDDSG 9606 18591256 t gcesareni "Although the kinase responsible for hsp90? Phosphorylation in vivo is not known, it has been reported that ck2 can phosphorylate these sites in vitro (24). Thus, we prephosphorylated recombinant hsp90? With ck2 before addition to the reaction. Remarkably, hsp90? Phosphorylation greatly reduced its ability to inhibit apaf-1 oligomerization and caspase-9 recruitment (fig. 5b). These results indicate that the phosphorylation status of hsp90? Significantly impacts its ability to inhibit apoptosome formation." SIGNOR-179264 C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT ITGAM protein P11215 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263464 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-273143 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21793042 f gcesareni "Upon bmp binding to the bmpr-ii, bmpr-i is recruited to form an activated quaternary complex, which then phosphorylates and activates intracellular smad proteins. Receptor smads bind to a co-smad and translocate to the nucleus to serve as transcription factors." SIGNOR-175273 DBP protein Q10586 UNIPROT CYP7A1 protein P22680 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 8617210 f lperfetto "While TEF stimulates transcription from the albumin promoter more potently than DBP, only DBP is capable of activating transcription efficiently from the cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (C7alphaH) promoter." SIGNOR-254121 NLGN4X protein Q8N0W4 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264145 PKI-402 chemical CID:44187953 PUBCHEM PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252654 4-(2-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-4-imidazolyl)-N-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-2-pyrimidinamine chemical CHEBI:91419 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190179 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAT2 protein P19087 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-199171 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2J2 protein Q8N2K1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271339 SNAPIN protein O95295 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000793 18167355 t miannu "In the present study, we used yeast two-hybrid analysis to identify a new binding partner of torsinA, the SNARE-associated protein snapin. We have reported that snapin shows a robust interaction with wild type and mutant torsinA. we have demonstrated that this portion of torsinA and/or the adjacent linker region has the additional role of recruiting snapin. we found that snapin, which binds SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25,000 Da) and enhances the association of the SNARE complex with synaptotagmin, is an interacting partner for both wild type and mutant torsinA." SIGNOR-261171 GTF2H1 protein P32780 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269316 4E2RCat chemical CID:2287236 PUBCHEM EIF4G1 protein Q04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000414 21507972 t miannu "Characterization of 4E2RCat, an inhibitor of eIF4E-eIF4G interaction. Herein we describe a molecule from this screen that prevents the interaction between eIF4E (the cap-binding protein) and eIF4G (a large scaffolding protein), inhibiting cap-dependent translation. This inhibitor significantly decreased human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) replication, reducing the percentage of infected cells and intra- and extracellular infectious virus titers." SIGNOR-260188 SU11274 chemical CID:9549297 PUBCHEM MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207123 WDR83 protein Q9BRX9 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15118098 t gcesareni "Morg1 specifically associates with several components of the erk pathway, including mp1, raf-1, mek, and erk, and stabilizes their assembly into an oligomeric complex." SIGNOR-124470 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8940145 f gcesareni "The constitutively active akt also increased the synthesis of the ubiquitously expressed glucose transporter 1. The increased glucose influx in the 3t3-l1 adipocytes directed lipid but not glycogen synthesis" SIGNOR-45064 CXCL9 protein Q07325 UNIPROT CXCR3 protein P49682 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 12750173 t miannu "The chemokines CXCL9, 10, and 11 exert their action via CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3), a receptor highly expressed on activated T cells." SIGNOR-260970 C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263462 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT PLEKHG6 protein Q3KR16 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr544 SPSTRPStPSLEGSQ 9606 24482237 t lperfetto "In this study we report that aurora b-mediated phosphorylation of myogef at thr-544 creates a docking site for plk1, leading to the localization and activation of myogef at the central spindle." SIGNOR-204534 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" deacetylation 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0004576 19041327 t miannu "We report that CIITA and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) interact in smooth muscle cells and macrophages as assayed by co-immunoprecipitations. HDAC2 deacetylates CIITA whereas both the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) and over-expression of HDAC2 interfering RNA increase CIITA acetylation. HDAC2 down-regulates CIITA recruitment to target promoters as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and suppresses MHC II activation and collagen repression mediated by CIITA in luciferase reporter assays." SIGNOR-254231 PRSS1 protein P07477 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg36 TNRSSKGrSLIGKVD -1 10978167 t lperfetto "Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3." SIGNOR-263602 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20089851 f Regulation miannu "SIRT1 deacetylates and activates the FOXOs under oxidative stress, thereby inducing Mn-SOD expression" SIGNOR-251763 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0000599;BTO:0001594 19440292 t "Avicins dephosphorylate Stat3 in a variety of human tumor cell lines, leading to a decrease in the transcriptional activity of Stat3.| However, PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK1/2, had no significant effects on avicin-induced dephosphorylation of Stat3 (Ser 727)" SIGNOR-248563 Mubritinib chemical CID:6444692 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194581 GOLPH3 protein Q9H4A6 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 19553991 f "Mechanistically, GOLPH3 regulates cell size, enhances growth factor-induced mTOR signaling in human cancer cells and alters response to mTOR inhibitor in vivo." SIGNOR-253555 THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-267781 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262259 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr508 YTATEGQyQQQP 9606 BTO:0000776 15626731 t gcesareni "Lyn tyr507 kinase, csk, is recruited by pag, which targets lipid rafts by palmitoylation.Thus, our data suggest that il-6 treatment induces the translocation of cd45 to lipid rafts sequentially, followed by the association of cd45 with lyn and pag;dephosphorylation of lyn tyr507 and pag tyr314;lyn activation;and csk release from lipid rafts" SIGNOR-132912 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9534 BTO:0000298 9482734 t lperfetto "Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, forms a complex with GSK-3beta and beta-catenin and promotes GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-227862 "4-[[9-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-yl]amino]-2-methoxybenzoic acid" chemical CHEBI:125628 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194527 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys784 HVKLERLkQVNGMFP 9606 BTO:0000938 17283082 t lperfetto "Third, we and others have recently shown that only phosphorylated Ci/Gli3 are able to directly bind Slimb/BetaTrCP, that Gli3 is polyubiquitinated in the cell, and that mutations of 4 lysine residues, the putative ubiquitination sites in the Gli3 C-terminal region, inhibit Gli3 processing These observations further support the notion that Ci/Gli3 processing is carried out by the proteasome because the deletion of the cleavage site is expected to often disrupt the protease-mediated site-specific cleavage." SIGNOR-249577 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10411906 t "Ser-967 is a critical component of the 14-3-3 interaction site of ASK1 and suggest that phosphorylation of this residue may be the major mode of regulation of 14-3-3 binding to ASK1" gcesareni "14-3-3 may suppress ask1-induced cell death by directly inhibiting the catalytic activity of ask1." SIGNOR-69408 KRT1 protein P04264 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 18359618 t "Regulation of catabolism" miannu "Phosphorylation of this central repeat region of APC significantly enhances its affinity for β-catenin. When the repeats are phosphorylated by the cooperative action of CK1 and GSK3β, the binding interaction is significantly altered and enhanced." SIGNOR-251879 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser59 GGQESQPsPLALLAA 9606 11904305 t gcesareni "Here we show that p42/p44 mapk directly phosphorylates sp1 on threonines 453 and 739 both in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of these sites to alanines decreases by half the mapk-dependent transcriptional activity of sp1. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylate sp1 on serine 59 and regulate cellular senescence via transcription of p21sdi1/cip1/waf1." SIGNOR-116158 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser676 SNGRRKRsPTQSFRF 9606 15657420 t esanto "We demonstrate that p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) is recruited to the nfat-dna transcription complex upon activation.Bound Rsk phosphorylates ser(676) and potentiates nfatc4 dna binding. Ser(676) is also targeted by the erk map kinase." SIGNOR-133272 "prostaglandin E2" smallmolecule CHEBI:15551 ChEBI PTGER4 protein P35408 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 15299086 t gcesareni "Pge2 is the ligand for four ep receptor subtypes termed ep1 to ep4." SIGNOR-127789 1-[6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-pyridinyl]-6-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)anilino]-2-prop-2-enyl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone chemical CHEBI:91414 ChEBI WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194423 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT SUZ12/EZH2/YY1 complex SIGNOR-C102 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 20887952 t lperfetto "TNF-activated p38a kinase promotes the interaction between YY1 and PRC2, via threonine 372 phosphorylation of EZH2, the enzy- matic subunit of the complex, leading to the for- mation of repressive chromatin on Pax7 promoter." SIGNOR-235580 "3-[({4-[4-({[1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl}methyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:91194 ChEBI LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193558 EEF1E1 protein O43324 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270360 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 AAEERRKsHEAEVLK 9606 8125092 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of either serine 16 or 63 is sufficient to inhibit stathmin in vitro. Phosphorylation at ser-63 reduces tubulin binding 10-fold and suppresses the mt polymerization inhibition activity." SIGNOR-36374 FCGR1A protein P12314 UNIPROT M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24445665 f lperfetto "Although crosslinking of activating FcgammaRs on monocytes and macrophages induces the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, immune complex-mediated signalling via activating FcgammaRs together with Toll-like receptor (TLR) triggering induces a specific M2 activation state in macrophages macrophages in this state were termed M2b or regulatory macrophages." SIGNOR-249524 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 27225731 f miannu "LAR (for leukocyte common antigen-related) is a family of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) with three known members: LAR/PTPRF, PTPδ/PTPRD, and PTPσ/PTPRS. In mammals, LAR-RPTPs have been shown to regulate dendrite and excitatory synapse development and maintenance" SIGNOR-264090 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT UBE2A protein P49459 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser120 LDEPNPNsPANSQAA 9606 11953320 t llicata "Hhr6a is phosphorylated in vitro by cdk-1 and -2 on ser120, a residue conserved in all hhr6a homologues, resulting in a 4-fold increase in its ubiquitin-conjugating activity." SIGNOR-116504 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr453 ASHVDNEySQPPRNS 9606 BTO:0000782 11298344 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of cd5 requires lck activity. We propose that t cell activation mediates cd5 tyrosine phosphorylation at residues y429 and y463 mainly through the activation of lck" SIGNOR-106799 HSD17B1 protein P14061 UNIPROT estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 8994190 t Luana "Human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) type 1 catalyzes the conversion of the low activity estrogen, estrone, into highly active estradiol, both in the gonads and in target tissues. " SIGNOR-269758 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RCC1 protein P18754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser387 GQDEDAWsPVEMMGK -1 15014043 t miannu "We show here that Cdc2 kinase phosphorylates the serines located in or near the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of human RCC1, the nucleotide exchange factor for Ran. This phosphorylation is necessary for RCC1 to generate RanGTP on mitotic chromosomes in mammalian cells, which in turn is required for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. However, when both S2 and S11 were simultaneously mutated to As, the resulting 6His-RCC1S2,11A failed to be phosphorylated, whereas all of the other double mutants were phosphorylated (Fig. 1C). As expected, mutating all four sites to As (the 6His-RCC1S2,11,387A-T274A) also blocked phosphorylation (Fig. 1C)." SIGNOR-262703 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Ala-tRNA(Ala) smallmolecule CHEBI:17732 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269503 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17510057 t lperfetto "In response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-217074 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 26344566 f "We report that the PEX5 peroxisome import receptor binds ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and localizes this kinase to the peroxisome. In response to ROS, ATM signalling activates ULK1 and inhibits mTORC1 to induce autophagy." SIGNOR-262791 PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT Urogenital_tract phenotype SIGNOR-PH71 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 8575306 f "Pax-2 is required for multiple steps during the differentiation of intermediate mesoderm. In addition, Pax-2 mouse mutants provide an animal model for human hereditary kidney diseases." SIGNOR-252301 "R2SP co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C517 SIGNOR "Chaperone-mediated protein folding" phenotype SIGNOR-PH120 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29844425 f miannu "Systematic interaction analyses show that one RPAP3-like protein, SPAG1, binds PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 to form an R2TP-like complex termed R2SP.  This co-chaperone is enriched in testis and among 68 of the potential clients identified, some are expressed in testis and others are ubiquitous. One substrate is liprin-α2, which organizes large signaling complexes." SIGNOR-270941 chlorphenamine chemical CHEBI:52010 ChEBI HRH3 protein Q9Y5N1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 12781173 t Luana "Identification of a dual histamine H1/H3 receptor ligand based on the H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine." SIGNOR-257897 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT ABTB1 protein Q969K4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11494141 f miannu "Defects in PTEN, a tumor suppressor, have been found in cancers arising in a variety of human tissues. To elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of this gene, we have been analysing expression profiles of cancer cells after introduction of exogenous PTEN. Those experiments identified 99 candidate genes that were transcriptionally transactivated. Among them, we report here the further analyses of eight genes, EGR2/Krox-20, BPOZ, APS, HCLS1/HS1, DUSP1/MKP1, NDRG1/Drg1/RTP, NFIL3/E4BP4, and a novel gene (PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase)." SIGNOR-260050 SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT HBG2 protein P69892 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004911 20395365 f Regulation miannu "BCL11A and SOX6 co-occupy the human beta-globin cluster along with GATA1, and cooperate in silencing gamma-globin transcription in adult human erythroid progenitors." SIGNOR-251808 CPT1A protein P50416 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267132 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NPHP1 protein O15259 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser126 EESESEDsEDSGGEE 9606 16308564 t lperfetto "Casein kinase 2 (ck2)-mediated phosphorylation of three critical serine residues within a cluster of acidic amino acids in nephrocystin mediates pacs-1 binding, and is essential for colocalization of nephrocystin with pacs-1 at the base of cilia. Inhibition of ck2 activity abrogates this interaction and results in the loss of correct nephrocystin targeting." SIGNOR-142351 NDUFB6 protein O95139 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and |The main ND4-module intermediate binds NDUFB1, NDUFB4, NDUFB5, NDUFB6, NDUFB10, NDUFB11 and MT-ND4" SIGNOR-262169 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr632 GRKGSGDyMPMSPKS 9606 17827393 t gcesareni "Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)." SIGNOR-157746 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr694 LAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 9534 10993888 t "A Cytosolic Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B Specifically Dephosphorylates and Deactivates Prolactin-activated STAT5a and STAT5b" SIGNOR-248428 N-[[3-fluoro-4-[[2-(1-methyl-4-imidazolyl)-7-thieno[3,2-b]pyridinyl]oxy]anilino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-phenylacetamide chemical CHEBI:91393 ChEBI TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194349 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29172 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269482 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 AEAFLGFsYAPPTDS -1 12023960 t miannu "The present study is the first report of a protein kinase (NEK6) capable of phosphorylating the hydrophobic motif of SGK1, although our data suggest that NEK6 may not mediate this reaction in cells. Nevertheless, the phosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif of SGK1in vitro, coupled with the phosphorylation of the T-loop with PDK1, may be a useful way of generating fully active wild type SGK1. Ser377 and Ser422of SGK1, and the CDK7 T-loop peptide, which are phosphorylated by NEK6." SIGNOR-250297 SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270613 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT TAX1BP1 protein Q86VP1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser593 NYKELKRsLENPAER 10090 BTO:0002572 21765415 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q86VP1-2" lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that tax1bp1 was inducibly phosphorylated on ser593 and ser624 in response to proinflammatory stimuli. The kinase ikkalpha, But not ikkbeta, was required for phosphorylation of tax1bp1 and directly phosphorylated tax1bp1 in response to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (tnf) or interleukin 1 (il-1)." SIGNOR-175058 RAB1A protein P62820 UNIPROT ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 27334615 t Giulio "Thus, these data show ULK1–Rab1a interaction in intact cells and reveal that this interaction is C9orf72 dependent." SIGNOR-261283 AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT CYP1B1 protein Q16678 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 17012224 t "The formation of the AHR/ARNT dimerization complex converts the AHR into a high affinity DNA-binding form that recognizes specific DNA recognition sites termed DREs. In this manner, the agonist activated AHR upregulates a battery of target genes, including those involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens, such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 ." SIGNOR-253642 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 20817722 t miannu "Direct Regulation of the NPAS2 Promoter by RORα and REV-ERBα. it appears in the context of the NPAS2 promoter RORα functions as a transcriptional activator, but REV-ERBα may only function as an inhibitor of RORα activity by blocking binding." SIGNOR-267979 EDVP complex SIGNOR-C530 SIGNOR KATNA1 protein O75449 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19287380 t miannu "EDVP-DYRK2 complex regulates Katanin p60 ubiquitination. Katanin p60 was polyubiquitinated in the presence of the intact DYRK2-EDVP, but its ubiquitination was severely reduced by the depletion of DYRK2, EDD, DDB1 or VPRBP (Fig. 3d)." SIGNOR-271793 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser295 LQASVPGsVPGVLGP 9606 16027724 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the homeotic tumor suppressor Cdx2 mediates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation|We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylated Cdx2 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-250730 AVPR2 protein P30518 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256754 TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 26212009 t lperfetto "The p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is overexpressed in advanced cancer and the transcription factor E47 is a direct repressor of E-cadherin and inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). |In this study, we found that PAK5-mediated E47 phosphorylation promoted EMT in advanced colon cancer. PAK5 interacted with E47 and phosphorylated E47 on Ser39 under hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation" SIGNOR-275654 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR-C110 9734785 t lperfetto "Interaction with beta-catenin and GSK-3beta was required for the Axin-mediated beta-catenin reduction." SIGNOR-60046 APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT LCAT protein P04180 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19860440 t miannu "Activation of LCAT by apolipoprotein (apo) A-I on nascent (discoidal) high density lipoproteins (HDL) is essential for formation of mature (spheroidal) HDL during the antiatherogenic process of reverse cholesterol transport. After attachment of LCAT to discoidal HDL, the helix 5/5 domains in apoA-I form amphipathic presentation tunnels for migration of hydrophobic acyl chains and amphipathic UC from the bilayer to the phospholipase A2-like and esterification active sites of LCAT, respectively." SIGNOR-252103 SNCAIP protein Q9Y6H5 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19224863 t miannu "Synphilin-1 interacts in vivo with α-synuclein, and their coexpression promotes the formation of Lewy body-like inclusions" SIGNOR-272597 KU-60019 chemical CID:15953870 PUBCHEM ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193597 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 22431919 f miannu "Overexpression or short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated down-regulation of EGR1 or NAB2, and chromatin immunoprecipitations indicated that EGR1 and NAB2 act in concert to positively regulate p130(Cas)/BCAR1 expression in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-253890 VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT DERL1 protein Q9BUN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15215856 t miannu "VIMP mediates p97 binding to hDerlin-1. these data suggest that Derlin-1 and VIMP form a membrane protein complex that serves as a receptor for p97." SIGNOR-261372 TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257048 HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257207 IPO5 protein O00410 UNIPROT DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 t miannu "DSCAM and DSCAML1 specifically interacted with the importin beta IPO5, whereas deletion of the identified NLSs abolished this specific interaction and suppressed nuclear translocation of the DSCAM/L1 ICDs in cell lines and cultured neurons. This suggests a direct role of IPO5 in the nuclear import of the DSCAM/L1 ICDs." SIGNOR-264273 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9054360 t gcesareni "These results identify hfz5 as a receptor for wnt-5a." SIGNOR-46897 FBXW2 protein Q9UKT8 UNIPROT GCM1 protein Q9NP62 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15640526 t miannu "FBW2 targets GCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. Here, we report the identification of an SCF complex as the GCM ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) that regulates human GCMa (hGCMa) degradation. We found that SKP1 and CUL1, two key components of the SCF complex, associate with hGCMa in vivo. We further identify the human F-box protein FBW2 (hFBW2) as the substrate recognition subunit in the SCF E3 complex for hGCMa. We show that hFBW2 interacts with hGCMa in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes hGCMa ubiquitination. Supporting a critical role for hFBW2 in hGCMa degradation, knockdown of hFBW2 expression by RNA interference leads to a reduction in hGCMa ubiquitination and a concomitant increase in hGCMa protein stability. Our study identifies the SCF(hFBW2) E3 complex as the key machinery that targets hGCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system" SIGNOR-271524 RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination Lys14 TGGKARAkAKSRSSR 9606 22980979 t lperfetto "We find that K63 ubiquitin chains are conjugated to RNF168-dependent H2A/H2AX monoubiquitination at K13-15 and not on K118-119." SIGNOR-262063 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ACADVL protein P49748 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser586 VVVLSRAsRSLSEGH -1 19889959 t lperfetto "As shown in Fig. 2C, an in vitro kinase assay carried out using PKA and a GST fusion protein containing the COOH-terminal 258 amino acids showed the protein to be efficiently phosphorylated in a time-dependent manner. |Furthermore, a phosphorylation-negative mutant (S586A) VLCAD shows reduced electron transfer activity and a strong dominant-negative effect on fatty acid beta-oxidation." SIGNOR-264422 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT FARS2 protein O95363 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269403 EIF1B protein O60739 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 14600024 f lperfetto "Binding of eIF1 to the 40S subunit would block access of the 60S" SIGNOR-269146 TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT TUBA1C protein Q9BQE3 UNIPROT down-regulates tyrosination 9606 22020298 t miannu "Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization" SIGNOR-176918 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000776 25673924 t lperfetto "CD19 has an extracellular region containing two C2-type Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic region of ~240 amino acids with 9 conserved tyrosine residues24. Lyn, a Src-family protein tyrosine kinase member, is the dominant kinase that phosphorylates CD19 upon stimulation. Once tyrosyl-phosphorylated, CD19 serves as a membrane-bound adaptor protein for Src homology 2-containing signaling molecules such as Lyn, Vav, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which further mediate downstream activation cascades." SIGNOR-242891 L3MBTL1 protein Q9Y468 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 29018219 t lperfetto "L3MBTL1, a tumor suppressor with high affinity for H4K20me2, can block 53BP1 binding at DSBs" SIGNOR-262059 ANKRD26 protein Q9UPS8 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 21669876 f lperfetto "Ankrd26 gene disruption enhances adipogenesis of mouse embryonic fibroblasts." SIGNOR-266071 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr896 EPKSPGEyVNIEFGS 9606 10660596 t gcesareni "The specific activity of four candidate protein-tyrosine phosphatases (protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp1b), sh2 domain-containing ptpase-2 (shp-2), leukocyte common antigen-related (lar), and leukocyte antigen-related phosphatase) (lrp) toward irs-1 dephosphorylation was studied using recombinant proteins in vitro. Ptp1b exhibited the highest specific activity these results provide new insight into novel molecular interactions involving ptp1b and grb2 that may influence the steady-state capacity of irs-1 to function as a phosphotyrosine scaffold and possibly affect the balance of postreceptor insulin signaling." SIGNOR-74860 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT TAX1BP1 protein Q86VP1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser666 RPPVRVPsWGLEDNV 10090 BTO:0002572 21765415 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q86VP1-2" lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that tax1bp1 was inducibly phosphorylated on ser593 and ser624 in response to proinflammatory stimuli. The kinase ikkalpha, but not ikkbeta, was required for phosphorylation of tax1bp1 and directly phosphorylated tax1bp1 in response to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (tnf) or interleukin 1 (il-1)." SIGNOR-175062 LAMC1 protein P11047 UNIPROT Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7496033 t lperfetto "Laminin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein composed of three polypeptide chains that are designated alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 1." SIGNOR-253234 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR WNK4 protein Q96J92 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23453970 t miannu "Here, we found that KLHL3 interacted with Cullin3 and WNK4, induced WNK4 ubiquitination, and reduced the WNK4 protein level. The reduced interaction of KLHL3 and WNK4 by PHAII-causing mutations in either protein reduced the ubiquitination of WNK4, resulting in an increased level of WNK4 protein." SIGNOR-272107 USP39 protein Q53GS9 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270640 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT LAMB1 protein P07942 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086;BTO:0005511 15983365 f miannu "Transfection of NANOG-specific small interfering RNAs reduced levels of NANOG transcript and protein and induced activation of the extraembryonic endoderm-associated genes GATA4, GATA6, LAMININ B1, and AFP as well as upregulation of trophectoderm-associated genes CDX2, GATA2, hCG-alpha, and hCG-beta." SIGNOR-254628 KITLG protein P21583 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17259966 t miannu "The most relevant and still unique mast-cell growth factor is SCF, which is the ligand of KIT, a receptor with tyrosine-kinase activity that is expressed on the surface of all human and murine mast cells" SIGNOR-254946 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22521266 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-197197 ANGPT1 protein Q15389 UNIPROT TIE1 protein P35590 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11172728 t gcesareni "We reasoned that there may be cooperative interactions among the angiopoietins (i.e., ligands for tie2) and tie1, the orphan receptor." SIGNOR-105199 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUCKS1 protein Q9H1E3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 LKATVTPsPVKGKGK -1 12413487 t miannu "putative phosphorylation site for Cdk1 is present in the DNA-binding domain peptide. This site, corresponding to Ser 181 in the NUCKS primary structure, is phosphorylated in vitro by Cdk1 with a Km of approximately 35 μM [7]. Phosphorylation of Ser 181 in the synthetic, DNA-binding domain peptide reduces its affinity for DNA-by 100%." SIGNOR-261959 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257974 BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9850056 t amattioni "Survivin binds specifically to caspase-3. Survivin protected from apoptosis induced by overexpression of procaspase-3 and inhibited the processing of these zymogens into active caspases. Survivin, which is commonly expressed in human tumor cell lines, can bind the effector cell death proteases caspase-3 in vitro and inhibits caspase activity" SIGNOR-62484 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001883 24051379 f miannu "In primary human AML cells, downregulation of SALL4 led to decreased HOXA9 expression and enhanced apoptosis. We found that SALL4 bound a specific region of the HOXA9 promoter in leukemic cells. SALL4 overexpression led to enhanced binding of histone activation markers at the HOXA9 promoter region, as well as increased HOXA9 expression in these cells." SIGNOR-255125 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 18930133 t lperfetto "Using a functional genomic approach, we have identified two protein serine/threonine phosphatases, ppm1a and ppm1b, as ikkbeta phosphatases. Overexpression of ppm1a or ppm1b results in dephosphorylation of ikkbeta at ser177 and ser181 and termination of ikkbeta-induced nf-kappab activation" SIGNOR-181655 IYD protein Q6PHW0 UNIPROT "L-tyrosine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58315 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28153798 t scontino "MIT and DIT, which are deiodinated by iodotyrosine dehalogenase (DEHAL1) that seems to be present in the apical plasma membrane. MIT and DIT are liberated, and the deiodination of these molecules by DEHAL1 is important for providing a sustained source of intrathyroidal iodide." SIGNOR-267033 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15071501 t "Ser residues in the reagion between alpha-helices 7 and 8, JNK3 is essential for apoptosis of hippocampal neurons" gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylates 14-3-3zetaat ser-184 and 14-3-3sigmaat ser-190" SIGNOR-269980 TNFSF10 protein P50591 UNIPROT TNFRSF10A protein O00220 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "Trail interacts with tril-r1 and trail-r2 and activetes them" SIGNOR-101082 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The first two reactions catalyzed by TGART are sequential and produce FGAR, which is then acted upon by the third enzyme in the pathway, formylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS/FGAMS).The transferred ammonia is then used to convert FGAR to FGAM. The FGAMS protein exhibits interesting biophys ical properties and will be covered later in this review. The FGAM produced by FGAMS is then converted into AIR by the AIRS domain of TGART, resulting in a five membered ring closure." SIGNOR-267308 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu63 VQGNLEReCMEEKCS 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263689 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 23029358 t gcesareni "In earlier studies, we demonstrated that maml1 enhanced p300 acetyltransferase activity, which increased the acetylation of notch by p300.Acetylation controls notch stability and function in t-cell leukemia." SIGNOR-199024 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19486887 f miannu "The results showed overexpression of Foxa1 promoted the expression of HSP72, while Foxa1 depletion, induced by antisense oligonucleotides, decreased the expression of HSP72 in MCF-7 cells under normal and heat stress condition." SIGNOR-254164 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12524424 t lperfetto "C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta were found to physically interact with Smad3 and Smad4, and Smad3 cooperated with Smad4 and TGF-beta signaling to repress the transcriptional activity of C/EBPs." SIGNOR-250571 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 23836662 f miannu "This PER2-OCT1 interaction effectively converted OCT1 sites, which normally activate expression, into repressor sites by recruitment of a polycomb repressor complex including EZH2 and SUZ12, as well as HDAC2. We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254152 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT CYBB protein P04839 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10734088 t "These results suggest that GATA-1 is an activator and that GATA-2 is a relative competitive inhibitor of GATA-1 in the expression of the gp91(phox) gene in human eosinophils." SIGNOR-259947 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258000 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr531 NTTGSDNtDTEGS 9606 17936701 t "PVHL serves as an adaptor that promotes the phosphorylation of the Card9 C terminus by CK2." SIGNOR-266900 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19114991 t lpetrilli "In the nucleus cdk2/4-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 occurs mostly at thr8, thr179, and ser213. Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182979 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT VAV3 protein Q9UKW4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr173 EDEGGEVyEDLMKAE 9606 BTO:0000785 17998938 t gcesareni "Activation of rac1 and the exchange factor vav3 are involved in npm-alk signaling in anaplastic large cell lymphomas." SIGNOR-159240 NSMCE1 protein Q8WV22 UNIPROT SMC5/6 complex SIGNOR-C374 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27427983 t miannu "The SMC5/6 complex, consisting of SMC5, SMC6, and non-SMC elements NSMCE1–6, has key roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity during mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair and is critical for genome stability. In particular, the SMC5/6 complex is involved in resolving intermediates during recombination (5, 6) and other complex DNA structures, such as stalled replication forks" SIGNOR-265483 RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001130 22832221 f gcesareni "Brca1/e2f1/ctipbinding to atm promoter activates atm transcription." SIGNOR-198473 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT ARHGEF7 protein Q14155 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr164 LGSQSLHtRTSKLFQ 9606 21048939 t gcesareni "Arhgef7 is interacting with lrrk2 in vitro and in vivo. Lrrk2 phosphorylates arhgef7 in vitro.Two Threonine residues, t107 and t143, within the arhgef7 n-terminus were identified with high confidence" SIGNOR-169225 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17289999 t gcesareni "Bax is held in check by mcl1, bcl-2, and either bcl2l1 or bcl2l2, or by all four. They bind a primed conformer of bak or bax bax/bak are kept in check by the pro-survival bcl-2 family members and also proposes that for apoptotic death to occur, all pro-survival bcl-2-like proteins present within a given cell need to be neutralised by bh3-only proteins, thereby derepressing bax/bak" SIGNOR-152980 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT BLNK protein Q8WV28 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr72 SDDFDSDyENPDEHS 9606 BTO:0000776 12456653 t llicata "The phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues not only amplifies plcgamma-mediated signaling but also supports 'cis'-mediated interaction between distinct signaling effectors within a large molecular complex." SIGNOR-96044 JMJD1C protein Q15652 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 32034158 t miannu "We now determine that JMJD1C is recruited by USF-1 to various lipogenic genes for H3K9 demethylation to enhance chromatin accessibility in the fed state." SIGNOR-265171 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 12808134 t lperfetto "Akt1 and akt2 are phosphorylated and activated by the protein kinase pdk1 at thr-308 or thr-309, respectively, in the activation t-loop, and further activation occurs through phosphorylation at ser-473 or ser-474, respectively. In this paper, we demonstrate that this is indeed the case, and report the purification and initial characterization of a 3 phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase, pdk1, which activates pkb by phosphorylating it at thr308. Akt is directly phosphorylated and activated by pdk1. Akt/pkb activation requires the phosphorylation of thr308 in the activation loop by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (pdk1)." SIGNOR-252611 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT GPKOW protein Q92917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser27 SFGFTRTsARRRLAD 21880142 t miannu "Using yeast two-hybrid screening with the PKA Cβ2 subunit as bait we identified GPKOW, also known as MOS2 homolog or T54 protein, as an interaction partner for Cβ2. PKA phosphorylates GPKOW at S27 and T316 in vitro. GPKOWs ability to bind RNA is sensitive to mutations of its PKA phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-266299 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 9922454 t amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for the activation of caspases 6" SIGNOR-256467 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser90 LPGSRPGsPEREVPA 9606 16103124 t lperfetto "Moreover, app stabilized tip60 through cdk-dependent phosphorylation" SIGNOR-139653 bremazocine chemical CHEBI:3171 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258779 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 20525234 f miannu "Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induce expression of GTP-cyclohydrolase I in various brain cells." SIGNOR-252223 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser345 LVQGISFsQPTCPDH 9606 15870257 t gcesareni "Ppm1d dephosphorylates chk1 phospho-ser 345" SIGNOR-135972 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP 9606 BTO:0001939 15520018 t miannu "Smad3 was phosphorylated at both Ser203 and Ser207 in untreated MCF10CA1h cells and the p38 and ROCK inhibitors each down-regulated phosphorylation at these sites. we demonstrate that phosphorylation at Ser203 and Ser207 residues is required for the full transactivation potential of Smad3, and that these residues are targets of the p38 and Rho/ROCK pathways." SIGNOR-250113 GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT GCGR protein P47871 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12529935 t fspada "Mutation of a highly conserved d64 residue in the n-terminal portion of the rat glucagon receptor completely eliminates glucagon binding. This residue corresponds to a mutated asp residue at amino acid 60 in the growth hormone releasing hormone receptor that gives rise to the little mouse phenotype (lin et al.1993). Antisera directed against amino acid sequences 126_137 of the n-terminal region, and agai residues 206_219 of the first extracellular loop block [125i]-glucagon binding and interfere with glucagon-induced adenylyl cyclase generation in rat liver membranes." SIGNOR-97338 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser439 SIGHSPLsLSAQSVM 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204704 MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0005787 BTO:0001103 23612709 t miannu "The MEK5-dependent activation of ERK5 promotes binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of the genes encoding the transcription factors Klf2 and Klf4, leading to their increased abundance. Subsequently, Klf2 and Klf4 bind to the Npnt promoter and induce the production of nephronectin during myoblast fusion" SIGNOR-255453 CELF1 protein Q92879 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000759 16931514 t miannu "These studies showed that both the increased levels of CUGBP1 and cdk4-mediated hyper-phosphorylation of CUGBP1 are involved in the age-associated induction of the CUGBP1-eIF2 complex. The CUGBP1-eIF2 complex is bound to C/EBPbeta mRNA in the liver of old animals, and this binding correlates with the increased amounts of liver-enriched activator protein and liver-enriched inhibitory protein." SIGNOR-262736 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259708 SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT AKAP1 protein Q92667 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18323779 t miannu "Seven In-Absentia Homolog 2 (Siah2), an E3-ubiquitin ligase whose expression is induced in hypoxic conditions, formed a complex and degraded AKAP121." SIGNOR-272641 Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C510 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270910 MRPL32 protein Q9BYC8 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262339 EAF2 protein Q96CJ1 UNIPROT ELL protein P55199 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16006523 t miannu "The eaf1-related eaf2 protein is also a positive regulator of ell elongation activity" SIGNOR-138540 SUMO1 protein P63165 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation Lys160 EAHQWFLkHEARPLA 9534 9756909 t lperfetto "We have shown previously that wild type PML, but not PML-RARalpha, is covalently modified by the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins|We show that Lys65 in the RING finger domain, Lys160 in the B1 Box, and Lys490 in the nuclear localization signal contributes three major sentrinization sites| Furthermore, the triple substitution mutant is localized predominantly to the nucleoplasm, in contrast to wild type PML, which is localized to the nuclear bodies. Thus, sentrinization of PML, in the context of the RING finger and the B1 box, regulates nuclear body formation." SIGNOR-261786 PXDN protein Q92626 UNIPROT COL4A4 protein P53420 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "catalytic activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 29305973 t miannu "Peroxidasin (PXDN), an ECM protein with peroxidase activity, is integral to basement membrane consolidation through catalysis of sulfilimine bonds in collagen IV. PXDN has been shown to form dityrosine crosslinks and also catalyses sulfilimine bonds, in the presence of hypohalous acids, to connect collagen IV protomers, which are an integral component of the basement membrane" SIGNOR-265250 RFC1 protein P35251 UNIPROT "RF-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C375 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12930972 t lperfetto "RF‐C, a complex of five subunits, is conserved in all eukaryotes (reviewed in 5). In yeast, all subunits of RF‐C are essential for viability. The genes encoding all five subunits of mammalian RF‐C (145, 40, 38, 37 and 36 kDa) have been cloned" SIGNOR-265505 ANKS1B protein Q7Z6G8 UNIPROT "Postsynaptic density assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH163 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 26356309 f miannu "AIDA-1 is highly enriched in postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions and is considered a major component of the PSD complex." SIGNOR-264226 PIP4K2A protein P48426 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57795 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9367159 t Gianni "The enzymes that produce PtdIns-4,5-P2 in vitro fall into two related subfamilies (type I and type II PtdInsP-5-OH kinases, or PIP(5)Ks) based on their enzymatic properties and sequence similarities'. Here we have reinvestigated the substrate specificities of these enzymes. As expected, the type I enzyme phosphorylates PtdIns-4-P at the D-5 position of the inositol ring. Surprisingly, the type II enzyme, which is abundant in some tissues, phosphorylates PtdIns-5-P at the D-4 position, and thus should be considered as a 4-OH kinase, or PIP(4)K" SIGNOR-268866 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0004136 26084673 t apalma "We have determined that Id1 physically interacts with AKT1, through its C-terminal region, and promotes AKT1 phosphorylation;" SIGNOR-255942 ALDH9A1 protein P49189 UNIPROT NAD(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57540 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11802770 t miannu "Aldolytic cleavage of HTML yields 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMABA) and glycine, a reaction catalysed by HTML aldolase (HTMLA; EC 4.1.2.‘X’). Dehydrogenation of TMABA by TMABA dehydrogenase (TMABA-DH; EC 1.2.1.47) results in the formation of 4-Ntrimethylaminobutyrate (butyrobetaine)." SIGNOR-269694 GFs stimulus SIGNOR-ST12 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 23300340 f lperfetto "Akt normally resides in the cytosol under serum-starved conditions, but translocates to the plasma membrane where it is subsequently phosphorylated and activated in response to growth factor treatment. Phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and at Ser473 by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) is required for full Akt activation" SIGNOR-245411 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 18262661 t gcesareni "Recent studies have revealed the contribution of a novel estrogen receptor gpr30, which belongs to the family of seven-transmembrane g-protein-coupled receptors, to many of the rapid biological responses to estrogen." SIGNOR-160778 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23468082 t miannu "Ponatinib is an oral multitargeted kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits all 4 members of the FGFR family." SIGNOR-259277 inosine smallmolecule CHEBI:17596 ChEBI adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 15926889 t Luana "Adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) catalyses the deamination of adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine. Two different isoenzymes of ADA designated as ADA1 and ADA2 were found in mammals and lower vertebrates" SIGNOR-269734 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1920 SPTYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120064 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 10734133 t flangone "Finally, we have tested the set of ptps for their ability to dephosphorylate a phosphopeptide corresponding to the irk autophosphorylation site. tc-ptp, sap-1, and ptp-1b all tested positive, but ptp-? Showed no activity, although the same gst-ptp preparation could efficiently convert pnpp (tablei). Interestingly, many other ptps showed activity, namely dep-1, glepp-1, lar, ptp-?, -?, -?, And shp-1." SIGNOR-75922 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248626 IL3RA protein P26951 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15795318 f gcesareni "We previously demonstrated that integrin-dependent adhesion activates stat5a, a well known target of il-3-mediated signaling" SIGNOR-134862 EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT FES protein P07332 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 18046454 t miannu "The recruitment and the activation of fes to the cell-cell contacts in confluent cells depend on its interaction with ezrin." SIGNOR-159496 IL1A protein P01583 UNIPROT FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000452 9036927 f Regulation miannu "UVB irradiation (50 mJ) of cultured skin fibroblasts suppressed fibrillin mRNA by 50%, consistent with a direct effect of radiation. UVB irradiation (50 mJ) of cultured skin fibroblasts suppressed fibrillin mRNA by 50%, consistent with a direct effect of radiation. Addition to the cultured fibroblasts of several cytokines upregulated by UVB showed that IL-1alpha had no effect on fibrillin mRNA in unirradiated cells, but in irradiated cells, this cytokine enhanced the suppression of fibrillin mRNA." SIGNOR-251890 HLX protein Q14774 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20008130 f Luana "In this study, we have identified cell cycle regulatory genes as downstream targets of the homeobox gene HLX in cultured trophoblast cells, namely RB1, MYC, EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN. RB1 and MYC mRNA expression was increased with HLX inactivation, whereas EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN mRNA expression was decreased compared with mock-transfected control cells." SIGNOR-261624 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257647 FERMT3 protein Q86UX7 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132;BTO:0003292 18278053 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, Kindlin-3 can directly bind to regions of beta-integrin tails distinct from those of Talin and trigger integrin activation. We have therefore identified Kindlin-3 as a novel and essential element for platelet integrin activation in hemostasis and thrombosis|Kindlin-3 was also able to interact with the wild-type beta1 and beta3 integrin tails (Fig. 3c), in the presence and absence of Talin1 (Supplementary Fig. 3 online), and the F3 subdomain of Kindlin-3 was sufficient for this interaction and this interaction occurred in a direct manner" SIGNOR-266066 HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257128 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 YLDSGIHsGATTTAP 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 19303846 t lperfetto "GSK3β regulates β-catenin stability by phosphorylating serine and threonine residues (Ser33/37 and Thr41) important for targeting β-catenin for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-227874 HOXB8 protein P17481 UNIPROT PBX3 protein P40426 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001545 11571641 t miannu "the ability of HoxB8 to heterodimerizes with endogenous Pbx proteins on DNA alters gene transcription in a manner that prevents progression through an intrinsic genetic differentiation program. In conjunction with Pbx, HoxB8 could alter transcription of Pbx target genes by direct or indirect mechanisms." SIGNOR-223149 CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT pregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:16581 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000048;BTO:0000050 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268656 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser313 GKIKRLRsQVQVSLE 10029 BTO:0000246 12740371 t miannu "AMPK directly phosphorylates HNF4alpha and represses its transcriptional activity. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of HNF4alpha on serine 304 had a 2-fold effect, reducing the ability of the transcription factor to form homodimers and bind DNA and increasing its degradation rate in vivo. Phosphorylation of HNF4α on Ser-304 reduces protein stability." SIGNOR-250322 hesperadin chemical CHEBI:70726 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193128 CYC-116 chemical CID:6420138 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191221 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr244 GRAKGSEtPGATPGS 9606 SIGNOR-C16 12105215 t gcesareni "To map the set of phosphorylation sites in sap155-(223-322) that determine its interaction with nipp1, we have identified phosphorylation sites of cyclin e-cdk2 by the sequencing of proteolytically derived phosphopeptide). Three phosphorylation sites were identified as thr244, thr248, and thr313" SIGNOR-90434 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 9551976 f "Federica Ferrentino" "A role for STAT1 in regulation of the CIITA promoter is shown by the rescue of IFN-gamma induction by expression of STAT1 in STAT1-defective U3A cells" SIGNOR-255752 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser62 LLPTPPLsPSRRSGL 9534 BTO:0004055 8386367 t lperfetto "Transactivation of gene expression by myc is inhibited by mutation at the phosphorylation sites thr-58 and ser-62." SIGNOR-235700 P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR MLLT1 protein Q03111 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17135274 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Af9 and Enl by P-TEFb promotes their proteolysis" SIGNOR-266799 NOX4 protein Q9NPH5 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264724 FASTKD2 protein Q9NYY8 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25683715 f miannu "DHX30, DDX28, FASTKD2, and FASTKD5 Are Bona Fide RNA Granule Proteins. FASTKD5 siRNA treatment caused a reduction of all RNA granule proteins, along with MRPS18B, a protein of the mt-SSU." SIGNOR-261227 DYRK3 protein O43781 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C3 23415227 t lperfetto "When dyrk3 is active, it allows stress granule dissolution, releasing mtorc1 for signaling and promoting its activity by directly phosphorylating the mtorc1 inhibitor pras40" SIGNOR-201002 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001129 24801505 t miannu "Androgen receptor (ar) action throughout prostate development and in maintenance of the prostatic epithelium is partly controlled by interactions between ar and forkhead box (fox) transcription factors, particularly foxa1./ Foxa1 is capable of bringing ar and nfix into proximity, indicating that foxa1 facilitates the ar and nfi interaction by bridging the complex." SIGNOR-205082 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 APSLRRKtMCGTLDY 9606 14722118 t lperfetto "We report here that human aurora-b is phosphorylated at thr-232 through interaction with the inner centromere protein (incenp) in vivo. The phosphorylation of thr-232 occurs by means of an autophosphorylation mechanism, which is indispensable for the aurora-b kinase activity." SIGNOR-121340 naloxone chemical CHEBI:7459 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258661 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val42 GRSLIGKvDGTSHVT -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263588 4-{[(7R)-8-cyclopentyl-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-2-yl]amino}-3-methoxy-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzamide chemical CHEBI:49868 ChEBI PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190281 FANCL protein Q9NW38 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination SIGNOR-C300 18985065 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FANCD2 and Fanconi anemia core components (broken pink circles) affects the efficiency of, but is not essential for, ID ubiquitination by the FA core complex, together with E1 and UBE2T. Analogously, ubiquitination of FANCD2 (solid orange ovals) is essential for DNA repair, activating the ID complex for chromatin binding" SIGNOR-263264 YY2 protein O15391 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 15087442 t Luana "YY2 activated the p53 promoter. However, in contrast to YY1, which represses the activity of c-Fos, YY2 increased the activity of the c-Fos promoter." SIGNOR-266213 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT STING1 protein Q86WV6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 VPSTSTMsQEPELLI 9606 BTO:0000007 18818105 t miannu "MITA was phosphorylated by TBK1, which is required for MITA-mediated activation of IRF3. Our results suggest that MITA is a critical mediator of virus-triggered IRF3 activation and IFN expression and further demonstrate the importance of certain mitochondrial proteins in innate antiviral immunity. Consistent with its inability to activate IRF-E, the mutation of S358 to alanine impaired the ability of MITA to interact with TBK1 and to enhance the interaction between TBK1 and IRF3" SIGNOR-263136 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 22074556 f miannu "We demonstrated that forced expression of SLUG elevated CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression in human prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145, 22RV1, and LNCaP; conversely, reduced expression of SLUG by shRNA downregulated CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression at RNA and protein levels in prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-255171 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT FANCE protein Q9HB96 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser374 LFLGRILsLTSSASR 9606 17296736 t llicata "Chk1 directly phosphorylates the fance subunit of the fa core complex on two conserved sites (threonine 346 and serine 374). chk1-mediated phosphorylation of fance is required for the fanconi anemia/brca pathway." SIGNOR-153023 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr471 YEDAGSHyLCLLKAR 9606 11113114 t gcesareni "Ec mlck-1 is phosphorylated by p60(src) on tyr(464) and tyr(471), resulting in a 2- to 3-fold increase in ec mlck-1 enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-85009 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT ZFYVE9 protein O95405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9865696 t lperfetto "Sara functions to recruit smad2 to the tgfbeta receptor by controlling the subcellular localization of smad2 and by interacting with the tgfbeta receptor complex" SIGNOR-245093 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT KATNA1 protein O75449 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser42 QMNKYLYsVKDTYLQ 9606 BTO:0000007 19287380 t miannu "DYRK2 mediated phosphorylation is required for Katanin p60 degradation. Serine 42, serine 109 and threonine 133 are likely to be the major DYRK2 phosphorylation sites as single mutations for these sites showed reduced phosphorylation by DYRK2 and the triple mutant showed almost no DYRK2 mediated phosphorylation (Fig. 5d)." SIGNOR-262848 MIF protein P14174 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 16636133 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "MIF inhibits cytodifferentiation and hemoglobin synthesis of MEL cells." SIGNOR-251832 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 f apalma "Importantly, NF-kB can promote the expression and stability of cyclin D1 in muscle (4, 35, 39, 132), leading to increased cell proliferation and inhibition of differentiation." SIGNOR-255351 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17151142 t miannu "TNF-α has two distinct plasma membrane receptors known as p55 and p75. These data indicate that myogenic activation of p38 requires TNF-alpha receptor-mediated signaling" SIGNOR-253591 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11101851 t gcesareni "Maml1 binds to the ankyrin repeat domain of all four mammalian notch receptors, forms a dna-binding complex with icn and rbp-jkappa, and amplifies notch-induced transcription of hes1." SIGNOR-84835 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000527 21419810 t lperfetto "In-vitro kinase activity assay showed that pkc-_ directly phosphorylated bad at phospho specific residues, ser-112, ser-136 and ser-155 which in turn induced inactivation of bad and disruption of bad/bcl-xl dimer" SIGNOR-172894 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser371 VRRVPGSsGHLHKTE 9606 16083423 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by WNK1 or WNK4 markedly increased SPAK and OSR1 activity. Phosphopeptide mapping studies demonstrated that WNK1 phosphorylated kinase-inactive SPAK and OSR1 at an equivalent residue located within the T-loop of the catalytic domain (Thr233 in SPAK, Thr185 in OSR1) and a serine residue located within a C-terminal non-catalytic region (Ser373 in SPAK, Ser325 in OSR1)" SIGNOR-253553 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr249 APGPQDIyDVPPVRG 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Five tyrosine phosphorylation sites were identified in p130cas on tyr-128, tyr-249, tyr-306, tyr-327, and tyr-410. These tyrosine residues are all located in the substrate domain of p130cas that mediates binding to the sh2 domain of the adaptor molecule crk. Fgf-1-transduced fibroblasts demonstrated a > 10-fold increase in migration, an observation correlated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p125fak and p130cas." SIGNOR-98492 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT LPXN protein O60711 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr72 NIQELNVySEAQEPK 9606 BTO:0000007 17640867 t miannu "Of a total of 11 tyrosine sites in LPXN, we mutated Tyr(22), Tyr(72), Tyr(198), and Tyr(257) to phenylalanine and demonstrated that LPXN was phosphorylated by Lyn only at Tyr(72) and that this tyrosine site is proximal to the LD3 domain. We further show that LPXN suppressed the secretion of interleukin-2 by BCR-activated A20 B cells and that this inhibition was abrogated in the Y72F LPXN mutant, indicating that the phosphorylation of Tyr(72) is critical for the biological function of LPXN." SIGNOR-262892 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT NAV2 protein Q8IVL1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 21620140 t Luana "We also confirmed transcriptional coactivator functions of ZMYND8 in ERα-driven reporter assays and on endogenous E2-dependent genes (Figure 5F,G). siRNA knockdown of ZMYND8 showed markedly decreased transcription at the presumptive ERα/Z3 target genes ADORA1 and NAV2, while the classical ERα targets pS2/TFF1 and GREB1 appear to be less affected (Figure 5G), suggesting likely gene-specificity of ZMYND8. " SIGNOR-266209 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT UBE2R2 protein Q712K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser233 DCYDDDDsGNEES 9606 12037680 t llicata "UBC3B is specifically phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro and in vivo. We mapped by deletions and site directed mutagenesis the phosphorylation site to a serine residue within the C-terminal domain in position 233 of UBC3B and in the corresponding serine residue of UBC3. | Following CK2-dependent phosphorylation both UBC3B and UBC3 bind to the F-box protein beta-TrCP, the substrate recognition subunit of an SCF (Skp1, Cul1, F-box) ubiquitin ligase. Furthermore, we observed that co-transfection of CK2alpha' together with UBC3B, but not with UBC3DeltaC, enhances the degradation of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-251047 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ORC2 protein Q13416 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr226 SAPVGKEtPSKRMKR 9606 SIGNOR-C83 11931757 t lperfetto "We also found that horc2p is phosphorylated in vitro by cyclin a/cdk2, specifically at residues thr116 and thr226. These data combined strongly suggest that skp2 promotes horc1p turnover and that the n-terminal domain of horc1p, containing most of the phosphorylation sites and overlapping with one of the skp2-interacting domains, is a regulatory element for horc1p stability." SIGNOR-116476 IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21631354 t miannu "These results indicate that NF-κB activation by IFN via the PI3K pathway is distinct from the ISRE-driven mechanism in regulating gene expression. Activation of PI3K/AKT by IFN has also been described through the insulin receptor substrate 1 (Uddin and others 1997) and through the direct interaction of PI3K with IFNAR1, which also leads to induction of NF-κB activity" SIGNOR-260436 "4-{[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}benzoic acid" chemical CHEBI:64210 ChEBI RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 19058965 t Luana "Tazarotene and its analogue 8 are RAR-β,γ selective acetylenic retinoids, whereas analogue 9 is very active on the three subtypes. " SIGNOR-258140 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF39 protein Q9H2S5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271223 OPRL1 protein P41146 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256722 RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000007 10837486 t lperfetto "We report here that the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-155 within the BH3 domain is a second phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that inhibits the death-promoting activity of BAD. Protein kinase A, RSK1, and survival factor signaling stimulate phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-155, blocking the binding of BAD to Bcl-XL. RSK1 phosphorylates BAD at both Ser-112 and Ser-155 and rescues BAD-mediated cell death in a manner dependent upon phosphorylation at both sites." SIGNOR-249044 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-216972 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MCRIP1 protein C9JLW8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr30 PSSSEIFtPAHEENV 9606 25728771 t lperfetto "When phosphorylated by ERK, MCRIP1 dissociates from CtBP, allowing CtBP to interact with ZEB1. In this manner, the CtBP co-repressor complex is recruited to, and silences, the E-cadherin promoter by inducing chromatin modifications.| While substitution of S4 or S18 with Ala did not affect the phosphorylation of MCRIP1 by ERK, substitution of either S21 or T30 significantly reduced MCRIP1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-264774 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 17183360 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at thr505 by the chk1 inhibits rela transactivation and results in its increased association with hdac1." SIGNOR-217409 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr417 WGIKCRLtLQKPSCL 9606 20663873 t miannu "We found that expression of Pim-1 increases the level of Skp2 through direct binding and phosphorylation of multiple sites on this protein. Along with known Skp2 phosphorylation sites including Ser(64) and Ser(72), we have identified Thr(417) as a unique Pim-1 phosphorylation target. Phosphorylation of Thr(417) controls the stability of Skp2 and its ability to degrade p27." SIGNOR-259817 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 f apalma "ERK1/2 activation is a component of the pathway through which many mitogenic growth factors can stimulate cell proliferation" SIGNOR-256216 CNOT3 protein O75175 UNIPROT CAND2 protein O75155 UNIPROT unknown binding 10090 12207886 t lperfetto "Hnot3l is associated with tip120b / tip120b presumably affects tissue-specific transcriptional regulation via interaction with not3." SIGNOR-235593 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr790 TRNDVAPtLMSVPRY 10029 27203386 t Manara "Phosphorylation of E-cadherin at threonine 790 by protein kinase Cδ reduces β-catenin binding and suppresses the function of E-cadherin." SIGNOR-260893 PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [‚Ķ] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267392 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TBC1D4 protein O60343 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 12637568 t gcesareni "Recently, we identified a 160-kda protein in adipocytes, designated as160, that is phosphorylated by the insulin-activated kinase akt" SIGNOR-99300 CSKMT protein A8MUP2 UNIPROT CS protein O75390 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys395 LLEQGKAkNPWPNVD 34929314 t lperfetto "A mitochondrial matrix-located methyltransferase, methyltransferase-like protein 12 (METTL12), has been reported to methylate CS on the lysine 368 (K368) [15] and K395 residues [16] which are near the active site of CS. The methylation on K395 inhibits CS activity, which can be antagonized by its substrate oxaloacetate." SIGNOR-267637 PRKAG1 protein P54619 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000443 BTO:0001103;BTO:0000142;BTO:0000562;BTO:0000759 16054041 t lperfetto "Gamma non-catalytic subunit mediates binding to amp, adp and atp, leading to activate or inhibit ampk: amp-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (prkaa1 or prkaa2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-139170 DUOX1 protein Q9NRD9 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264719 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR WNK2 protein Q9Y3S1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272125 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 BTO:0000567 10951572 t gcesareni "Vrk1 phosphorylates murine p53 in threonine 18. This threonine is within the p53 hydrophobic loop (residues 13-23) required for the interaction of p53 with the cleft of its inhibitor mdm-2." SIGNOR-81222 HP protein P00738 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 9315856 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "Haptoglobin forms a complex of extremely high affinity with Hb via a well-characterized globin site. Our results show that upon Hb-haptoglobin binding, the globin radical, loses its ability to be terminated by forming globin dimers." SIGNOR-251816 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249643 NEU1 protein Q99519 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 19151752 f Giorgia "One of the major molecular changes by NEU1 was decreased sialylation of integrin beta4, assessed by PNA- and MAL-II-lectin blotting of immunoprecipitates with anti-integrin beta4 antibody. The desialylation was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of the integrin followed by attenuation of focal adhesion kinase and Erk1/2 pathway." SIGNOR-260656 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20861919 f apalma "In the myeloid compartment, Gfi1 is part of a regulatory network that determines lineage fate decision between granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage development. In this compartment, Gfi1 antagonizes the function of the transcription factor Pu.1. Pu.1 promotes monocytic differentiation, whereas Gfi1 enhances granulocytic differentiation." SIGNOR-256372 KLF16 protein Q9BXK1 UNIPROT SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 11438660 t miannu "detailed biochemical and functional analyses have demonstrated that the TIEG2 _-HRM domain interacts specifically with the PAH2 domain of mSin3A to repress transcription. our data suggest the presence of a conserved _-helical repression motif (_-HRM) in the TIEG and BTEB subfamilies of Sp1-like proteins that mediates transcriptional repression activity through interaction with the corepressor mSin3A." SIGNOR-222460 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 23954296 f miannu "Our shRNA-mediated SALL4 knockdown system and SALL4 overexpression system revealed that SALL4 suppresses the expression of adhesion gene CDH1, and positively regulates the CDH1 suppressor ZEB1." SIGNOR-255124 "Vps34 Complex II" complex SIGNOR-C241 SIGNOR Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 30397185 f lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260324 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 9731700 f miannu "Overexpression of cathepsin D (CD), a ubiquitous lysosomal protease, is closely associated with a poor clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer. Estrogen greatly induces transcription of the CD gene in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. These experiments suggest a model for ER stimulation of the CD promoter in which recruitment of USF-1/2 to the promoter is required for activation of transcription." SIGNOR-255595 ELAVL1 protein Q15717 UNIPROT ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19221430 t miannu "Neuronal ELAV (nELAV) proteins are RNA-binding proteins which play a physiological role in controlling gene expression in memory formation, and their alteration may contribute to cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The experiments show for the first time that ADAM10mRNA represents a nELAV target and that these RNA-binding proteins can play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of ADAM10 expression. nELAV proteins specifically bind the ADAM10 mRNA and this binding is disrupted following Aβ exposure" SIGNOR-266862 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CHN2 protein P52757 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr21 VSSDAEEyQPPIWKS 9606 17560670 t llicata "Here we report that beta2-chimaerin is tyrosine-phosphorylated by src-family kinases (sfks) upon cell stimulation with epidermal growth factor (egf). Mutational analysis identified tyr-21 in the n-terminal regulatory region as a major phosphorylation site. these results suggest tyr-21 phosphorylation as a novel, sfk-dependent mechanism that negatively regulates beta2-chimaerin rac-gap activity." SIGNOR-155713 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser423 CEEEFSDsEEEGEGG 9606 11602581 t gcesareni "Human hdac1 protein was analyzed by ion trap mass spectrometry, and two phosphorylated serine residues, ser(421) and ser(423), were unambiguously identified. Loss of phosphorylation at ser(421) and ser(423) due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of hdac1." SIGNOR-111015 FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257313 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EXOSC9 protein Q06265 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser394 APIILSDsEEEEMII 9606 19217413 t lperfetto "Indeed recombinant pmscl1 undergoes ck2-mediated phosphorylation in vitro at various serine residues, including serines 409 and 411, which reside within the phosphosim region. the exchange of hydrophobic core residues or serines 409 and 411 to alanine attenuates binding of sumo to the phosphosim-containing fragment of pmscl1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay" SIGNOR-184035 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser847 SEAASLSsLNSSESD -1 10671552 t "Phosphorylation of the E-cadherin Cytoplasmic Domain by CKII and GSK-3β Increases the Binding to β-catenin. pre-phosphorylation by CKII at Ser-855 and/or Ser-853 of E-cadherin is required before GSK-3β can phosphorylate at Ser-849." SIGNOR-251225 PTCD3 protein Q96EY7 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding Q9Y2Q9 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261437 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190305 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser303 RGAPPRRsSIRNAHS 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89182 S1PR3 protein Q99500 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257062 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser150 FRGDRCRsLTGKPKL 9606 BTO:0000130 14970175 t gcesareni "Consequently, p38-mapk can directly phosphorylate and inhibit the activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3 and thereby hinder neutrophil apoptosis, and, in so doing, regulate the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-122099 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000452 19486893 f miannu "HIC1 is also implicated in growth control since it recruits BRG1, one of the two alternative ATPases (BRM or BRG1) of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes to repress transcription of E2F1 in quiescent fibroblasts." SIGNOR-254239 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257977 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser469 NYALKMNsPSQSSPG 9606 BTO:0000801 29170386 t "Interestingly, GRIP1 is phosphorylated at an N-terminal serine cluster by cyclin-dependent kinase-9 (CDK9), which is recruited into GC-induced GR:GRIP1:CDK9 hetero-complexes, producing distinct GRE-specific GRIP1 phospho-isoforms. Phosphorylation potentiates GRIP1 coactivator but, remarkably, not its corepressor properties." SIGNOR-256096 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 15276472 t gcesareni "Once activated, calcineurin directly dephosphorylates members of the nuclear factor of activated t-cells (nfat) transcription factor family in the cytoplasm, promoting their translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-127248 ERCC3 protein P19447 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269313 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000222 16982699 t gcesareni "Considering that akt1 phosphorylates p21, this dissociation likely results from phosphorylation of p21 and release of cdk2." SIGNOR-149711 MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly906 EGPPGPQgLAGQRGI 9606 8609233 t miannu "MMP-1 cleaves type II collagen at the peptide bond Gly906-Leu907 Proteolysis of triple-helical collagen is an important step in the progression toward irreversible tissue damage in osteoarthritis. Earlier work on the expression of enzymes in cartilage suggested that collagenase-1 (MMP-1) contributes to the process." SIGNOR-256341 GTF3C2 protein Q8WUA4 UNIPROT TFIIIC complex SIGNOR-C392 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29378333 t lperfetto "Both yeast and human TFIIIC consist of six polypeptides organized into two globular domains" SIGNOR-266187 DRD1 protein P21728 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257068 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11889043 f "Promoter-specific functions of CIITA and the MHC class II enhanceosome in transcriptional activation|We compared four genes co-regulated by RFX and CIITA (HLA-DRA, HLA-DPB, HLA-DMB and Ii) and found that the enhanceosome and CIITA make variable, promoter-dependent contributions to histone acetylation and transcription apparatus recruitment." SIGNOR-254009 NAIP protein Q13075 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15280366 t gcesareni "These results demonstrate that naip is distinct from the other iaps, both in demonstrating a ligand-dependent caspase-9 interaction and in demonstrating a distinct mechanism of inhibition." SIGNOR-127193 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr440 GAYREHPyGRY 9606 BTO:0000567 16179349 t lperfetto "We show that BRK phosphorylates Sam68 on all three tyrosines in the nuclear localization signal. |Tyrosine 440 was identified as a principal modulator of Sam68 localization and this site was phosphorylated in response to EGF treatment in human breast tumor cell lines." SIGNOR-249294 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds has been previously shown to activate a wide variety of small gtpases, including the ras family members rap1a, rap1b, and k-ras, as well as the rho family members cdc42, rac1, rac2, rhoa, and rhob" SIGNOR-171482 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser474 RTHFPQFsYSASIRE 9606 12181443 f lperfetto "We show [] that the kinase activity and s473 phosphorylation of akt induced by lpa and s1p requires both mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase kinase (mek) and p38 map kinase. [] among different stimuli tested, platelet-derived growth factor stimulates s473 phosphorylation of akt in a mek- and p38-dependent manner. However, epidermal growth factor, thrombin, and endothelin-1?stimulated Akt s473 phosphorylation require p38 but not mek." SIGNOR-91408 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10029407 f miannu "p53 transcriptionally activates expression of the genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, cathepsin D, and thrombospondin-1 but represses expression of the genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor and multidrug resistance-1." SIGNOR-255430 LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT LPR5/6 complex SIGNOR-C219 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27821587 t miannu "Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) are co-receptors for Wnt ligands." SIGNOR-256176 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 f gcesareni "In explant cultures of mouse paraxial mesoderm, wnt1 induced expression of the mrf myf5, whereas wnt7a or wnt6 preferentially activated the mrf myod. Here we report that cells expressing wnt1 will preferentially activate myf5 while cells expressing wnt7a will preferentially activate myod" SIGNOR-198922 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 EGRQPSPsPSPTERA 9606 19015637 t llicata "In response to dna damage, hipk2 phosphorylates pml at serines 8 and 38. he n-terminal phosphorylation sites contribute to the dna damage-induced pml sumoylation and are required for the ability of pml to cooperate with hipk2 for the induction of cell death." SIGNOR-182428 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Overexpression of bcma activates the p38 mapk" SIGNOR-79495 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000527 15808505 t gcesareni "Here, we identify a protein_ phosphatase, ph domain leucine-rich repeat protein_ phosphatase_ (phlpp), that specifically_ dephosphorylates_ the hydrophobic motif of_ akt_ (ser473 in akt1), triggering_ apoptosis_ and suppressing_ tumor_ growth." SIGNOR-252601 TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17030617 t lperfetto "Ere, we provide evidence supporting a novel mechanism in which Cripto inhibits the tumor suppressor function of TGF-beta. Cripto bound TGF-beta and reduced the association of TGF-beta with its type I receptor, TbetaRI." SIGNOR-150006 PIAS4 protein Q8N2W9 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sGFESYGS 9606 20016603 t gcesareni "Pias1 and pias4 promote brca1 accumulation and sumoylation, rpa phosphorylation, and dsb repair furthermore, phosphorylation of the 34 kda subunit of rpa on ser-4 and ser-8 (ps4/ps8) in response to ir or camptothecin treatment was diminished by pias4 depletion, while pias1 depletion impaired ir-induced but not camptothecin-induced rpa phosphorylation" SIGNOR-162160 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000783 20811152 t Gianni "Pdx1 C terminus-interacting factor-1 (Pcif1, also known as SPOP) is a nuclear protein that inhibits Pdx1 transactivation. Here, we show that Pcif1 targets Pdx1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-268859 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser7 sDSEEEVC -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250803 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 22658639 t "Uninhibited YAP/TAZ localize to the nucleus where they serve as coactivators for the TEA-domain family member (TEAD) of DNA-binding transcription factors." milica "In response to high cell densities, activated LATS1/2 phosphorylates the WW-domain containing transcriptional co-activators YAP at Ser127 and TAZ at Ser89, promoting 14-3-3 binding and thereby inhibiting their translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-197655 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HES6 protein Q96HZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser183 GPGDDLCsDLEEAPE -1 12972610 t llicata "Hes6 inhibits the interaction of Hes1 with its transcriptional corepressor Gro/TLE. Moreover, it promotes proteolytic degradation of Hes1. This effect is maximal when both Hes1 and Hes6 contain the WRPW motif and is reduced when Hes6 is mutated to eliminate a conserved site (Ser183) that can be phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2. " SIGNOR-250890 ASXL3 protein Q9C0F0 UNIPROT BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000189 32669118 t miannu "We report a critical link between BAP1 complex and BRD4, which is bridged by the physical interaction between ASXL3 and BRD4 in an SCLC subtype (SCLC-A), which expresses a high level of ASCL1. We further showed that ASXL3 functions as an adaptor protein, which directly interacts with BRD4's extra-terminal (ET) domain via a novel BRD4 binding motif (BBM), and maintains chromatin occupancy of BRD4 to active enhancers." SIGNOR-266762 8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione chemical CHEBI:92539 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190604 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr456 KVYFLPItPHYVTQV 9606 15890648 t lperfetto "Cad is a multifunctional protein that initiates and regulates mammalian de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The activation of the pathway required for cell proliferation is a consequence of the phosphorylation of cad thr-456 by mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase.Activated map kinase (erk1/2), the enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of thr-456, was also present in larger amounts in the nucleus than the cytosol" SIGNOR-137171 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CA9 protein Q16790 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr443 RRQHRRGtKGGVSYR 9606 22037869 t llicata "Here, we report that thr443 phosphorylation at the intracellular domain of ca ix by protein kinase a (pka) is critical for its activation in hypoxic cells, with the fullest activity of ca ix also requiring dephosphorylation of ser448." SIGNOR-176973 P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257060 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23454976 t miannu "SOCS3 binds specific receptor-JAK complexes to control cytokine signaling by direct kinase inhibition. The inhibitory protein SOCS3 plays a key part in the immune and hematopoietic systems by regulating signaling induced by specific cytokines. SOCS3 functions by inhibiting the catalytic activity of Janus kinases (JAKs) that initiate signaling within the cell." SIGNOR-255328 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr143 PKRHTVLyISPPPED 9606 BTO:0000007 20351292 t "We confirmed that SHP-1 is inhibitory by overexpressing it, which reduces TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity at 500 mosmol/kg. SHP-1 dephosphorylates TonEBP/OREBP at a known regulatory site, Y143, both in vivo and in vitro. It inhibits TonEBP/OREBP by both reducing TonEBP/OREBP nuclear localization, which is Y143 dependent, and by lowering high NaCl-induced TonEBP/OREBP transactivating activity" SIGNOR-248467 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30017632 f miannu "Smad4 interacted withSmad2/3 and participated in the transcription of downstream pro-fi-brotic target genes" SIGNOR-260440 "ruxolitinib phosphate" chemical CHEBI:66917 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23061804 t miannu "Ruxolitinib is a selective inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAK) 1 and 2, which are involved in the signalling pathway of various cytokines and growth factors essential to haematopoiesis." SIGNOR-259171 SLC12A5 protein Q9H2X9 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 21613606 t lperfetto "Eukaryotic cells regulate their volume in the long term through the coordinated function of the Na+-coupled chloride (NKCC1/2 and NCC) and K+-coupled chloride (KCC1–4) cotransporters, which encompass two branches of the SLC12|The K+-Cl− cotransporters move chloride outside the cell, are inhibited by phosphorylation, and are activated by dephosphorylation. In contrast, the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporters introduce chloride into the cell, are inhibited by dephosphorylation, and are activated by phosphorylation gene family of solute transporters (12). " SIGNOR-264637 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10567572 t amattioni "Jnk was capable of phosphorylating bcl-2. Phosphorylation of bcl-2 inactivates the molecule" SIGNOR-72364 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58088 ChEBI 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57880 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18429927 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 can be dephosphorylated by the 3-phosphatase myotubularins (MTMs), leading to the production of PtdIns5P. Myotubularins also dephosphorylate PtdIns3P into PtdIns" SIGNOR-269809 USP37 protein Q86T82 UNIPROT FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21596315 t lperfetto "Here we show that USP37 binds the APC/C coactivator CDH1|Deubiquitinase USP37 is activated by CDK2 to antagonize APC(CDH1) and promote S phase entry" SIGNOR-265054 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "The mechanism by which pak1 induced cancer growth might involve activation of jnk in the non-canonical wnt pathway, frizzled uses galfaq or galfai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat, and frizzled also signals through the small gtpases rho and rac to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), which activates the ap1 transcription factor." SIGNOR-152808 BTF3 protein P20290 UNIPROT RRAS2 protein P62070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17312387 f miannu "BTF3 silencing resulted in down-regulation of several cancer-associated genes, including EPHB2, ABL2, HPSE2 and ATM, and up-regulation of KRAG, RRAS2, NFkappa-B, MRVI1, MADCAM1 and others." SIGNOR-253766 DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16140393 t lperfetto "Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate choice during development with Delta and Jagged constituting the two evolutionary conserved families of Notch ligands. These ligands are transmembrane proteins with conserved biochemical structure that share their receptors and signal through a common mechanism. Upon ligand binding Notch receptors are proteoliticaly cleaved, the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) is released and translocated to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. In mammals, four receptors and five ligands have been described. Delta-1, Delta-3 and Delta-4 are homologues to Drosophila Delta and Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 to Drosophila Serrate." SIGNOR-209741 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT C7orf50 protein Q9BRJ6 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272693 KLHL9 protein Q9P2J3 UNIPROT CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000527 25303533 t miannu "KLHL9 mediates poly-ubiquitylation of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ isoforms. We confirmed KLHL9 deletions in an independent cohort and showed that this protein is necessary for Cul3-ligase mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of established MES-GBM MRs, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ." SIGNOR-272459 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT unknown methylation Lys80 REIAQDFkTDLRFQS 9606 12123582 t miannu "HDOT1L Is a Nucleosomal H3-K79-Specific HMTase. We identified a human DOT1-like (DOT1L) protein and demonstrated that this protein possesses intrinsic H3-K79-specific histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that K79 methylation level is regulated throughout the cell cycle. By using two different methods, we demonstrate that the K79 methylation level decreases during S phase, reaches its lowest level in G2, increases during M phase, and maintains at a high level during G1 phase." SIGNOR-267141 S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256856 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 BTO:0000590 12226093 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping revealed enhanced phosphorylation of ser(202)/thr(205) residues by p25-cdk5 considering the fact that phosphorylation of ser(202)/thr(205) antagonizes the tau-mediated nucleation of tubulin, p25-cdk5 may play a pivotal role in neuronal cell death in alzheimer's disease." SIGNOR-92603 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT CyclinC/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C545 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004173 25344755 t lperfetto "Cyclin C was cloned as a growth-promoting G1 cyclin, and was also shown to regulate gene transcription. Here we report that in vivo cyclin C acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, by controlling Notch1 oncogene levels. Cyclin C activates an “orphan” CDK19 kinase, as well as CDK8 and CDK3." SIGNOR-273157 TADA2B protein Q86TJ2 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269571 "SB 203580" chemical CHEBI:90705 ChEBI MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000222 15208625 t fstefani "Pharmacological blockade of p38?/? Kinases by sb203580 inhibits the myogenic program3_5 by repressing the transcription of early (myogenin;myog) and late (muscle-creatine kinase;ckm) muscle genes in myoblasts induced to differentiate" SIGNOR-126052 HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257404 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12589053 f fspada "Specific inhibitors for p38 kinase inhibited bmp2-induced adipocytic differentiation and transcriptional activation of ppargamma, whereas overexpression of smad6 had no effect on transcriptional activity of ppargamma. " SIGNOR-210090 DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19254573 f fspada "Pref-1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation through upregulating sox9 expression." SIGNOR-209968 CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 12324477 f gcesareni "Bcr ligation resulted in p53 activation including its phosphorylation at ser15" SIGNOR-93526 USF2 protein Q15853 UNIPROT FMR1 protein Q06787 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 "BTO:0001363; BTO:0000142" 11058604 f miannu "We have also shown that USF1, USF2, and alpha-Pal/Nrf-1 are the major transcription factors that bind the promoter in brain and testis extracts and suggest that elevated levels of these factors account in part for elevated FMR1 expression in these organs." SIGNOR-254883 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Gly-tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29156 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269561 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr771 ADIESSNyMAPYDNY -1 7545675 t "Upon activation, the βPDGFR is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine residues and thereby becomes a docking site for SH2-domain-containing signal transduction proteins.|While all phosphotyrosine sites on the βPDGFR are equally good targets for rPTP1B, maps of the βPDGFR dephosphorylated by rSyp showed that rSyp had a distinct preference for certain sites (Fig. 4 D-F). The low dose of rSyp primarily dephosphorylated spots 1, 6, 7, 9, and to a lesser extent 8a|Spot 1 corresponds to tyrosine 751; spot 3 corresponds to tyrosine 1009; spot 6 corresponds to tyrosine 740; spot 8b corresponds to tyrosine 1021; spot 9 corresponds to tyrosine 771, and spots 2, 7, and 8a are as yet unidentified phosphopeptides" SIGNOR-248415 GSK690693 chemical CHEBI:90677 ChEBI AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193006 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser288 PDRPGSTsPFAPSAT 9606 18245089 t gcesareni "In this study we show that the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2) interact directly with ciita, targeting serine residues in the amino terminus of the protein, including serine 288. These data suggest a model whereby erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation of ciita down-regulates ciita activity by priming it for nuclear export, thus providing a means for cells to tightly regulate the extent of antigen presentation." SIGNOR-160617 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254717 REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT HCN1 protein O60741 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0000938 21905079 t lperfetto "Levels of NRSF and its physical binding to the Hcn1 gene were augmented after SE, resulting in repression of HCN1 expression and HCN1-mediated currents (I(h) ), and reduced I(h) -dependent resonance in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites." SIGNOR-268970 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BAIAP2L1 protein Q9UHR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr156 GSRNALKyEHKEIEY -1 21840312 t miannu "Here, we report that overexpression of IRTKS increases the speed of wound closure of HT1080 cells in a Src-dependent manner. Active Src phosphorylates IRTKS in vivo and in vitro. Deletion mapping and mutation analysis revealed that six tyrosine residues (Y37, Y156, Y163, Y274, Y293 and Y439) were Src-stimulated phosphorylation sites on IRTKS. Disruption of Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation abolished the effect of IRTKS on wound closure. Collectively, these data suggest Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation is essential for its function in cell motility." SIGNOR-263037 "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30397315 f miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270609 RAB6B protein Q9NRW1 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 20360680 f miannu "We show that BICDR-1 interacts with the dynein/dynactin motor complex, binds to kinesin-3 motor protein Kif1C and controls the pericentrosomal localization of Rab6-positive secretory vesicles." SIGNOR-266881 ITGB3BP protein Q13352 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265206 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14563843 t gcesareni "Spak, a ste20/sps1-related kinase that activates the p38 pathway. p38, one of the three major mapks, can be coimmunoprecipitated with spak and with nkcc1 in an activity-dependent manner. The amount of p38 coimmunoprecipitated with the kinase and the cotransporter significantly decreases upon cellular stress," SIGNOR-118848 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 26387839 t lperfetto "BIGH3 binds molecules of the ECM, including fibronectin, laminin and different collagens ( Hashimoto et al., 1997 ; Hanssen et al., 2003) and serves as a ligand for several integrins|BIGH3 has been shown to interact with α3β1, αvβ3, αvβ5, α1β1, α6β4 and α7β1 integrin heterodimers" SIGNOR-253267 UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT ZSWIM2 protein Q8NEG5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16522193 t miannu "MEX can act as an E3, Ub (ubiquitin) ligase, through the E2, Ub-conjugating enzymes UbcH5a, UbcH5c or UbcH6. A region of MEX that contains the RING fingers and the ZZ zinc finger was required for interaction with UbcH5a and MEX self-association, whereas the SWIM domain was critical for MEX ubiquitination. The expression of MEX promoted apoptosis that was induced through Fas, DR (death receptor) 3 and DR4 signalling, but not that mediated by the BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only protein BimEL or the chemotherapeutic drug adriamycin. " SIGNOR-271554 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1462 GLRPRGYtISDSAPS 10090 BTO:0000944 12150915 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that, upon activation of PI3K, tuberin is phosphorylated on consensus recognition sites for PI3K-dependent S/T kinases. Moreover, Akt/PKB can phosphorylate tuberin in vitro and in vivo. We also show that S939 and T1462 of tuberin are PI3K-regulated phosphorylation sites and that T1462 is constitutively phosphorylated in PTEN(-/-) tumor-derived cell lines." SIGNOR-235515 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Lys72 SASVLTGkLTTVFLP -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263594 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t miannu "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-255463 XL-647 chemical CID:10458325 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 22722787 t gcesareni "Xl647 is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including endothelial growth factor receptor (egfr), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, her2 and ephrin type-b receptor 4 (ephb4)." SIGNOR-197962 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one chemical CHEBI:77954 ChEBI MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000142 11782488 t gcesareni "Bmk1 activation by h2o2 was inhibited by both pd98059 and u0126, which were reported to inhibit mek5 as well as mek1/2." SIGNOR-113773 Pr3-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C475 SIGNOR Neutrophil_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH211 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000133 2161532 f lperfetto "ANCA cause normal human neutrophils to undergo an oxidative burst and degranulate. Both ANCA phenotypes (i.e., cytoplasmic-pattern ANCA and myeloperoxidase-specific ANCA) induce neutrophil activation." SIGNOR-270584 "oxotremorine M" chemical CHEBI:38322 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258657 KCNQ5 protein Q9NR82 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 19298256 t miannu "KCNQ genes encode five Kv7 K+ channel subunits (Kv7.1–Kv7.5). Four of these (Kv7.2–Kv7.5) are expressed in the nervous system. Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 are the principal molecular components of the slow voltage-gated M-channel, which widely regulates neuronal excitability, although other subunits may contribute to M-like currents in some locations." SIGNOR-265983 TNFSF4 protein P23510 UNIPROT TNFRSF4 protein P43489 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9488716 t gcesareni "Activation of nf-kappab in ox40-transfected hsb-2 cells was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay within 30 min after the binding of the ligand gp34." SIGNOR-54927 N-acetyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16953 ChEBI L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 17194761 t miannu "N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) is one of the most abundant amino acid derivatives found in the vertebrate brain, second only to glutamate. Aspartoacylase catalyzes hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-aspartate to aspartate and acetate in the vertebrate brain." SIGNOR-267525 EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27629041 t miannu "ER stress, viral infection, and other cellular stress signals activate PERK, PKR, HRI, and GCN2 kinases that converge on phosphorylation of eIF2alpha, the core of ISR. This leads to global attenuation of Cap dependent translation while concomitantly initiates the preferential translation of ISR specific mRNAs, such as ATF4. ATF4 is the main effector of the ISR. eIF2alpha phosphorylation causes a reduction in global protein synthesis while allowing the translation of selected genes including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), aiding cell survival and recovery" SIGNOR-260169 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr180 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9606 8622669 t gcesareni "Dually phosphorylated on thr-180 and tyr-182 by the map2ks map2k3/mkk3, map2k4/mkk4 and map2k6/mkk6 in response to inflammatory citokines, environmental stress or growth factors, which activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-40493 RORB protein Q92753 UNIPROT OPN1MW protein P04001 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001175 19381306 t miannu "These observations indicate that RORβ is required for the induction of S opsin and support the conclusion that RORβ regulates Opn1sw transcription in a direct manner through ROREs within its proximal promoter region. In addition, they explain the greatly diminished expression of Opn1sw observed in the retina of RORβ-/- mice." SIGNOR-266851 trandolapril chemical CHEBI:9649 ChEBI ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 7527095 t miannu "The effects of 14-day trandolapril or enalapril treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were studied on blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity measured ex vivo in various organs. Both ACE inhibitors caused dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure and ACE activity, trandolapril being 30- and 400- to 1,000-fold more active than enalapril on blood pressure and ACE activity, respectively." SIGNOR-258427 (R)-salbutamol chemical CHEBI:8746 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257866 KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264305 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 9606 10644693 t "The human Cdc14 phosphatases interact with and dephosphorylate the tumor suppressor protein p53|. Furthermore, the hCdc14 phosphatases were found to dephosphorylate p53 specifically at the p34Cdc2/clb phosphorylation site (p53-phosphor-Ser315)|Earlier studies showed that Ser315 phosphorylation increases the sequence-specific DNA binding capacity of p53, suggesting that Ser315 phosphorylation is an activating modification" SIGNOR-248828 SLC24A4 protein Q8NFF2 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264392 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser323 HCSAEAGsPAMAVLD 9606 16286470 t lperfetto "The dual-specificity mapk phosphatase mkp-1/cl100/dusp1 is an inducible nuclear protein controlled by p44/42 mapk (erk1/2) in a negative feedback mechanism to inhibit kinase activity. Here, we report on the molecular basis for a novel positive feedback mechanism to sustain erk activation by triggering mkp-1 proteolysis. Active erk2 docking to the def motif (fxfp, residues 339-342) of n-terminally truncated mkp-1 in vitro initiated phosphorylation at the ser(296)/ser(323) domain" SIGNOR-141609 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr896 EPKSPGEyVNIEFGS 9606 12220227 t lperfetto "Here we show that stimulation by insulin of freshly isolated primary adipocytes resulted in the expected rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, IRS-1 and IRS-3. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase enhanced the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 on (i) Tyr(612) and Tyr(941) (p85 binding sites), concomitant with an increased association of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase; (ii) Tyr(896) (a Grb2 binding site); and (iii) Tyr(1229) (an SHP-2 binding site), although little or no binding of SHP-2 to IRS-1 was detectable under any conditions." SIGNOR-236725 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 15928679 t "Activator protein 1 (AP1) proteins are the main transcriptional partners of NFAT during T-cell activation" SIGNOR-253004 (R)-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:16347 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-268108 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1004 SEHDSDEsSDDDSDS 9606 10066810 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis of ck2 consensus sites showed that the target for ck2 was in an acidic insert of 19 amino acids in the d2 domain, and ser to ala mutations at amino acids 965, 968, 969, and 973 abrogated ck2 phosphorylation of cd45. Ck2 phosphorylation increased cd45 activity 3-fold toward phosphorylated myelin basic protein," SIGNOR-65269 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19029990 f lperfetto "STAT1 binds as a homodimer to cis elements known as gammaactivated sequences in the promoters of the genes encoding NOS2, the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) and IL-12, among others." SIGNOR-249496 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259004 CGP-42112A chemical CHEBI:147302 ChEBI AGTR2 protein P50052 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 32278693 t Luana "CGP42112A is an angiotensin AT2 (Angiotensin receptor 2) receptor agonist that may alleviate the virus-induced lung injury" SIGNOR-262311 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser206 SSSTYPHsPTSSDPG 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248302 carbachol chemical CHEBI:3385 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258618 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser108 LPGASPKsPGLKAMV -1 15850461 t miannu "Peptide T2 was sequenced and shown to comprise residues 79–112 of CapZIP, phosphorylated at Ser-108 (Figure 2B). The identity of peptide T1 is unknown. These experiments established that the SAPK3/p38γ substrate was CapZIP. Using this antibody, we showed by immunoblotting that bacterially expressed CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-108 by SAPK4/p38δ, JNK1α1 and ERK2 in vitro, as well as by SAPK3/p38γ (results not shown). An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263083 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1110 GSVQNPVyHNQPLNP 9606 8845374 t lperfetto "The c-terminal autophosphorylation domain of egfr was extensively phosphorylated by c-src./These studies revealed that y1086 was phosphorylated to a significantly higher extent by c-src than by egfr. Additionally, y1101 was identified as a unique c-src phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-44243 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF1 protein Q8TCQ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271243 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Thr698 KSIQATLtPSAMKSS 9606 20236090 t "Reciprocally, we found that the phosphatases Cdc14A and Cdc14B (Cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to ERK3 and reverse its C-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis. Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.|In vitro phosphorylation of a series of ERK3-deletion mutants by mitotic cell extracts revealed that phosphorylation is confined to the unique C-terminal extension of the protein. Using MS analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, Ser684, Ser688, Thr698 and Ser705, located at the extreme C-terminus of ERK3." SIGNOR-248832 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RSPH3 protein Q86UC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr286 AFLDRPPtPLFIPAK 9606 19684019 t miannu "ERK1/2 phosphorylate RSPH3. the extent of radiolabeled phosphate incorporation into RSPH3 T286A was much less than that into wild-type RSPH3, suggesting that threonine 286 is the major ERK1/2 phosphorylation site in cells. ERK2 also phosphorylates RSPH3 on threonine 243 to a lesser extent. Phosphorylation of the double mutant T243V/T286A RSPH3 was no more than 20% that of wild-type RSPH3 (Fig. 4, C and D)." SIGNOR-262838 NXF1 protein Q9UBU9 UNIPROT RBM15/NXF1 complex SIGNOR-C67 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17001072 t miannu "Rbm15 binds to nxf1 and the two proteins cooperate in stimulating rte-mediated mrna export and expression." SIGNOR-149880 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT GDF15 protein Q99988 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 17715378 f "Isochaihulactone treatment increased the luciferase activity of NAG-1 in A549 cells transfected with the NAG-1 promoter construct. This induction increased expression of NAG-1 that was p53-independent and Sp1-dependent. Our findings suggest that NAG-1 expression is up-regulated by isochaihulactone through an ERK-dependent pathway involving the activation of EGR-1." SIGNOR-254266 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257962 BACE2 protein Q9Y5Z0 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe635 HHQKLVFfAEDVGSN 9606 10931940 t lperfetto "BACE2, a beta -secretase homolog, cleaves at the beta site and within the amyloid-beta region of the amyloid-beta precursor protein.|Aβ is produced from the Aβ precursor protein (APP) by two proteolytic events. A β-secretase activity cleaves APP at the N terminus of Aβ (β site) between amino acids Met-671 and Asp-672 |We show here that BACE2 cleaves APP at its β site and more efficiently at sites within the Aβ region of APP, after Phe-19 and Phe-20 of Aβ." SIGNOR-261775 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 1712480 t lperfetto "Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, undergo autophosphorylation on both tyrosine and threonine residues: implications for their mechanism of activation.|" SIGNOR-249472 PHKG2 protein P15735 UNIPROT PYG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF96 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0002049 22225877 t miannu "It is well-characterized that GP is activated by PhK-mediated serine phosphorylation at Ser-15" SIGNOR-267962 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18676376 t lperfetto "Calcineurin dephosphorylates members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)2 transcription factor family, allowing NFAT to translocate to the nucleus where it cooperates with other transcription factors to induce transcription of target genes." SIGNOR-233438 BTAF1 protein O14981 UNIPROT TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9986 15509807 t miannu "We present evidence that the NC2alpha subunit interacts with BTAF1. Addition of NC2alpha or the NC2 complex can stimulate the ability of BTAF1 to interact with TBP." SIGNOR-263919 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser638 FDFPKTPsSQNLLAL 9606 21205641 t lperfetto "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-216461 GRIK1 protein P39086 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264942 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser211 PGKETNEsPWRSDLL 9606 17440046 t llicata "Cdk5 phosphorylated gr at multiple serines, including ser203 and ser211 of its n-terminal domain, and suppressed the transcriptional activity of this receptor on glucocorticoid-responsive promoters by attenuating attraction of transcriptional cofactors to dna.| the effect of CDK5 on GR-induced transcriptional activity is specific to gene promoter, and possibly, to tissue" SIGNOR-154405 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT GABRG2 protein P18507 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 FVSNRKPsKDKDKKK -1 17875639 t miannu "Protein kinase C epsilon regulates gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor sensitivity to ethanol and benzodiazepines through phosphorylation of gamma2 subunits. Our findings indicate that PKCepsilon phosphorylation of gamma2 regulates the response of GABA(A) receptors to specific allosteric modulators, and, in particular, PKCepsilon inhibition renders these receptors sensitive to low intoxicating concentrations of ethanol." SIGNOR-263174 HLA-G protein P17693 UNIPROT LILRB1 protein Q8NHL6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15718280 t gcesareni "Hla-g binds a limited repertoire of peptides and interacts with the inhibitory leukocyte ig-like receptors lir-1 and lir-2" SIGNOR-134180 FFAR2 protein O15552 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256803 "D-xylulose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57737 ChEBI "sedoheptulose 7-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:15721 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24929114 t miannu "Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation. TKs (with the exception of the enzymes of mammalian origin) are characterized by broad substrate specificity. Xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), erythrulose 4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate are typical donor substrates of TK; ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), and erythrose 4-phosphate are typical acceptor substrates." SIGNOR-268143 ZFX protein P17010 UNIPROT FBP1 protein P09467 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003081;BTO:0000849 30616754 t lperfetto "For instance, nucleophosmin (NPM1) and zinc-finger protein X-linked (ZFX) bind to the E-box and ZFX binding site on the FBP1 promoter, respectively, and restrain FBP1 expression to facilitate aerobic glycolysis in PDAC and melanoma" SIGNOR-267595 MZF1 protein P28698 UNIPROT CCN2 protein P29279 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25899830 f miannu "we report the regulation of the CTGF and NOV genes by Myeloid Zinc Finger-1 (MZF-1), a hematopoietic transcription factor. We show the interaction of MZF-1 with the CTGF and NOV promoters in several cell types. Up-regulation of MZF-1 via calcitriol and vitamin A induces expression of CTGF and NOV, implicating a role for these vitamins in the functions of these two genes. Lastly, knockdown of MZF1 reduces levels of CTGF and NOV." SIGNOR-226307 TLX3 protein O43711 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002504 22516263 t irozzo "We show that the cortical thymic maturation arrest in T-lineage ALLs that overexpress TLX1 or TLX3 is due to binding of TLX1/TLX3 to ETS1, leading to repression of T cell receptor (TCR) α enhanceosome activity and blocked TCR-Jα rearrangement." SIGNOR-259098 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254933 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT OGDC complex SIGNOR-C397 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 29358703 t miannu "Here, we show that RIP3 activates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC, also known as PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme linking glycolysis to aerobic respiration, by directly phosphorylating the PDC E3 subunit (PDC-E3) on T135." SIGNOR-268066 LAMC1 protein P11047 UNIPROT Laminin-8 complex SIGNOR-C181 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10809728 t lperfetto "Laminins are a large family of heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins that, in addition to having structural roles, take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The laminin alpha(4) chain is widely distributed both in adults and during development in tissues such as cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle fibers, vascular endothelia, lungs, and in peripheral nerves. It can associate with laminin beta(1)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-8 and with the beta(2)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-9." SIGNOR-253228 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr191 SRLLHSDyMNMTPRR 9606 22936936 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that emt can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the cd28 tail, in contrast to lck, which phosphorylates only tyrosine 173. Together with evidence that in vivo, tyrosines other than tyrosine 173 become phosphorylated following cd28 stimulation, this finding suggests that, like lck, one function of emt during cd28 signaling is phosphorylation of the receptor" SIGNOR-198747 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000318 8378084 t miannu "CRE-BPa specifically binds to CRE as a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun or CRE-BP1. In CAT cotransfection experiments using CV-1 cells, transient expression of each of four CRE-BPa proteins caused a 1.6- to 3.4-fold increase of CRE-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-219634 MLLT11 protein Q13015 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 "BTO:0001939; BTO:0002768; BTO:0000815" 26079538 f irozzo "In addition, enhanced AF1q expression promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, mammosphere formation, and chemo-resistance." SIGNOR-259107 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252822 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 BTO:0000007 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-252992 ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 11076943 t gcesareni "Angiotensin I-converting enzyme is a zinc metallopeptidase that plays an important role in blood pressure regulation by cleaving the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasopressor octapeptide." SIGNOR-253326 CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT RBP3 protein P10745 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15277472 f miannu "KLF15 repressed transactivation of rhodopsin and IRBP promoters alone and in combination with the transcriptional activators Crx and/or Nrl." SIGNOR-253821 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 PARPRSPsQTRKGPP 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t lperfetto "Thus, we propose that mapk phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 controls ngf receptor/trka-mediated endocytosis by terminating the amphiphysin1-ap-2 interaction.Our results indicate that phosphorylation of amphiphysin 1 at ser-285 and/or ser-293 affects the function of amphiphysin1.Mapk phosphorylation of ser-285 and ser-293 could modulate the interaction between prd and ap-2, resulting in the dissociation of amphiphysin1 from ap-2." SIGNOR-126863 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269789 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser483 IRRPRNYsVGSRPLK 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000562 12853467 t lperfetto "These findings suggest that pkb-dependent binding of 14-3-3s to phospho-ser483 of cardiac pfk-2 mediates the stimulation of glycolysis by growth factor." SIGNOR-103462 PYCARD protein Q9ULZ3 UNIPROT "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256411 STT3A protein P46977 UNIPROT "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272064 EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination Lys1759 CGVLLSRkRRRQHGQ 9606 21124883 t gcesareni "The activated form of notch needs to be deubiquitinated before being processed by the gamma-secretase activity and entering the nucleus, where it fulfills its transcriptional function. The enzyme accounting for this deubiquitinase activity is eif3f, known so far as a translation initiation factor." SIGNOR-170158 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 24300895 f "These data indicate that basal NFκB activity at the conserved +26/+34 site of the HES1 gene promotes its expression, and that glucocorticoids can silence HES1 by inhibiting this activity." SIGNOR-253063 PLCE1 protein Q9P212 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Typically galfas stimulates adenylyl cyclase and increases levels of cyclic amp (camp), whereas galfai inhibits adenylyl cyclase and lowers camp levels, and members of the galfaq family bind to and activate phospholipase c (plc), which cleaves phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (pip2) into diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate (ip3). The gbeta subunits and ggamma subunits function as a dimer to activate many molecules, including phospholipases, ion channels and lipid kinases." SIGNOR-152771 GPC4 protein O75487 UNIPROT WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22302992 t gcesareni "Gpc4 bound to wnt3a and wnt5a which activate the beta-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively, and colocalized with wnts on the cell surface. Expression of gpc4 enhanced the wnt3a-dependent beta-catenin pathway and the wnt5a-dependent beta-catenin-independent pathway, and knockdown of gpc4 suppressed both pathways" SIGNOR-195752 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser412 EEEDGTGsPQLNNR 9606 15456867 t gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 phosphorylate beta-arrestin1 at ser-412 in vitro. . in the resting state, cytosolic arrestin1 proteins are constitutively phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) at ser412, located within their distal c terminus. erk-phosphorylated arrestin1 is unable to associate with clathrin cages, whereas this constraint is removed upon its dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-129589 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CHKB protein Q9Y259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser40 PKRRRASsLSRDAER 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase beta (CKbeta) is one of the CK isozymes involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. | This study provides evidence for CKβ phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA).|Phosphorylation sites were located on CKβ residues serine-39 and serine-40 as determined by mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Phosphorylation increased the catalytic efficiencies for the substrates choline and ATP about 2-fold, without affecting ethanolamine phosphorylation, and the S39D/S40D CKβ phosphorylation mimic behaved kinetically very similar." SIGNOR-275629 FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18077588 t areggio "Here we show that both Fz and Dvl functions are critical for Wnt-induced Lrp6 phosphorylation through Fz-Lrp6 interaction." SIGNOR-258965 LETM1 protein O95202 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 18628306 f lperfetto "LETM1 knockdown obviously reduced the formation of the supercomplexes (Fig. 5C, arrowhead). Complexes I and IV failed to form, and the assembly of complex III was significantly decreased. By contrast, the assembly of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) and complex V (ATP synthase) – which are not proton pumps – was unaffected." SIGNOR-262546 DLGAP3 protein O95886 UNIPROT SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264594 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000762 12509763 f lperfetto "Substrates for ERK1/2 include nuclear proteins such as C-JUN, this leads to activation of the AP-1 transcription factor, which is made up of FOS-JUN heterodimers.|As a result of stimulating these transcriptional regulators, key cell-cycle regulatory proteins, such as D-type cyclins, are expressed, which enables the cell to progress through the G1 phase of the cell-cycle." SIGNOR-253215 TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT dTMP(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:63528 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21876188 t lperfetto "In this pathway, 5,10-methyleneTHF, a one-carbon donor, is generated from serine by SHMT and used for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in a reaction catalyzed by TYMS. The TYMS-catalyzed reaction generates dihydrofolate, which is converted to THF in an NADPH-dependent manner by DHFR." SIGNOR-268235 "Blood vessel damage" stimulus SIGNOR-ST26 SIGNOR F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT up-regulates NBK482253 f lperfetto "It begins with the activation of Factor XII (a zymogen, inactivated serine protease) which becomes Factor XIIA (activated serine protease) after exposure to endothelial collagen. Endothelial collagen is only exposed when endothelial damage occurs." SIGNOR-263514 SEMA3C protein Q99985 UNIPROT NRP2 protein O60462 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16816121 t gcesareni "Our experiments establish that small peptides containing the consensus decd sequence of sperm fertilinbeta bind specifically to an alpha6beta1 integrin receptor on the egg membrane. We conclude that fertilinbeta binds directly to the alpha6beta1 integrin on the egg surface and this partnership mediates sperm-egg fusion." SIGNOR-147564 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10487978 t "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-267415 CDH9 protein Q9ULB4 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265871 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser137 PVSSPQSsPRLPRRP 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-198142 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UNKL protein Q9H9P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271227 COA1 protein Q9GZY4 UNIPROT "MITRAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C538 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23260140 t "By analyzing MITRAC12 interaction partners, we show that recently identified assembly factors, such as c12orf62, CMC1, and the novel assembly factor MITRAC15, are constituents of MITRAC complexes" SIGNOR-272483 CDC14A protein Q9UNH5 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser139 YFLGSSFsPVRCGGP 9606 BTO:0000007 23051732 t lperfetto "In particular, we found that Cdc14A inhibits Wee1 degradation through the dephosphorylation of Ser-123 and Ser-139 residues. " SIGNOR-267470 FKBP15 protein Q5T1M5 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19121306 t Giulio "However, we did detect WAFL binding to bothWIP and actin by immunoprecipitation (Fig. 4). In conclusion, we propose a model whereby WAFL associates toendocytic vesicles by its coiled-coil domain and is involved in actin-based movement of early endosomes via WIP and binding to actin." SIGNOR-260595 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ATP1A1 protein P05023 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser16 KYEPAAVsEQGDKKG 1792 BTO:0003069 14976217 t miannu "Parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase activity through protein kinase C- (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase- (ERK) dependent pathways and increases serine phosphorylation of the α1-subunit. These results suggest that PTH regulates Na(+),K(+)-ATPase by PKC and ERK-dependent alpha(1)-subunit phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation requires the expression of a serine at the 11 position of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase alpha(1)-subunit." SIGNOR-262940 Apelin smallmolecule CID:56841713 PUBCHEM APLNR protein P35414 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257460 FBXO25 protein Q8TCJ0 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23940030 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO25 promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of ELK-1 protein. FBXO25 is one of the 69 known human F-box proteins that serve as specificity factors for a family of ubiquitin ligases composed of SKP1, Rbx1, Cullin1, and F-box protein (SCF1) that are involved in targeting proteins for degradation across the ubiquitin proteasome system. FBXO25 interacted with and mediated the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ELK-1 in HEK293T cells." SIGNOR-272127 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser473 PPSGTKKsKRGRGRP 9606 12529391 t llicata "Pkc-mediated phosphorylation at s486 does not affect s6k activity but eliminates the function of its nuclear localization signal and causes retention of an activated form of the kinase in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-97295 GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 15890363 t "In contrast to other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, GDF-5 shows a pronounced specificity in type I receptor interaction in cross-link experiments binding only to BMP receptor IB (BMPR-IB). In mice, deletion of either GDF-5 or BMPR-IB results in a similar phenotype, indicating that GDF-5 signaling is highly dependent on BMPR-IB." SIGNOR-256483 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr187 NAGSVEQtPKKPGLR 9606 BTO:0000776;BTO:0000785 16160006 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on thr-187, by cdk2 leads to protein ubiquitination and proteasomal degradationp27(kip1) was phosphorylated by v-cyclin-cdk6 predominantly on ser10, which enhances its cytoplasmic localization. Interestingly, upon reactivation of kshv lytic cycle, v-cyclin-cdk6 phosphorylated p27(kip1) on thr187, which resulted in down-regulation of p27(kip1) protein levels." SIGNOR-140405 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 EKLRRRFsSLHFMVE 9606 15703181 t lperfetto "We show that protein kinase a inhibits activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 downstream of cytochrome c in xenopus egg extracts and in a human cell-free system. Protein kinase a directly phosphorylates human caspase-9 at serines 99, 183, and 195." SIGNOR-133884 MRPL36 protein Q9P0J6 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262361 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CUX1 protein P39880 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1270 YQQKPYPsPKTIEDL 9606 11584018 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of serines 1237 and 1270 caused inhibition of dna binding in vitro. In cotransfection studies, cyclin a-cdk1 inhibited cdp/cux stable dna binding and prevented repression of the p21(waf1) reporter." SIGNOR-110912 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "Monoubiquitinated, leading to prevent DNA-binding. Deubiquitination by USP15 alleviates inhibition and promotes activation of TGF-beta target genes" gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-195660 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD3G protein P09693 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000782 2470098 t "Last, we demonstrate directly that members of the CD3 complex, including the gamma, delta, and epsilon chains, as well as a putative zeta subunit, can be phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by the CD4/CD8.p56lck complex." SIGNOR-259931 topotecan chemical CHEBI:63632 ChEBI TOP1 protein P11387 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 11166732 t miannu "Topotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor which is currently evaluated as an adjuvant agent for malignant glioma." SIGNOR-259317 FBXO25 protein Q8TCJ0 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23940030 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO25 promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of ELK-1 protein. FBXO25 is one of the 69 known human F-box proteins that serve as specificity factors for a family of ubiquitin ligases composed of SKP1, Rbx1, Cullin1, and F-box protein (SCF1) that are involved in targeting proteins for degradation across the ubiquitin proteasome system. FBXO25 interacted with and mediated the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ELK-1 in HEK293T cells." SIGNOR-272128 MAK protein P20794 UNIPROT MAK protein P20794 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr159 SQPPYTDyVSTRWYR 9606 21986944 t Manara "We conclude that dual phosphorylation on the TDY motif is crucial for MAK activity, and that the autokinase activity is required for this phosphorylation" SIGNOR-260780 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15851026 t lperfetto "Here, we show that erk may play a critical role in tsc progression through posttranslational inactivation of tsc2. Erk-dependent phosphorylation leads to tsc1-tsc2 dissociation and markedly impairs tsc2 ability to inhibit mtor signalin." SIGNOR-244761 GSK1292263 chemical CID:24996872 PUBCHEM GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257500 CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Lys32 RARRPESkATNATLD -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus" SIGNOR-263559 SMAD3/PIAS3 complex SIGNOR-C204 SIGNOR STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 26194464 t mrosina "In summary, the TGF-b/IL-6/TCR-pERK-Smad2L (Ser255) axis is the positive regulator, whereas unphosphorylated Smad3C-PIAS3 complex is the negative regulator of STAT3-induced transcriptional processes for TH17 differentiation" SIGNOR-255036 WLS protein Q5T9L3 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 20826466 t "WNT secretion requires its binding to the carrier protein wntless (WLS);" SIGNOR-256599 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr35 LLKHAEAtLGSGNLR 9606 21808241 t "MOB1a and MOB1b are near identical to each other with protein sequence homology>90%, and more importantly, both of them are putative tumor suppressors." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-175833 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 19759537 f amattioni "Xav939 selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription. Xav939 stimulates beta-catenin degradation by stabilizing axin, the concentration-limiting component of the destruction complex." SIGNOR-188051 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1647 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120092 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 14699505 t gcesareni "Pias1 inhibits binding of stat1 dimers to the response elements in the promoters of target genes" SIGNOR-120548 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22025054 f lperfetto "IL-4R signals through a JAKSTAT6 pathway, and many of the genes associated with mouse M2 macrophages are regulated by STAT6, including arginase 1 (Arg1), macrophage mannose receptor 1 (Mrc1; also known as Cd206), resistin-like-? (Retnla; also known as Fizz1) and chitinase 3-like 3 (Chi3l3; also known as Ym1)." SIGNOR-249541 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 9311920 t gcesareni "Recombinant agouti-related protein was a potent, selective antagonist of mc3r and mc4r, melanocortin receptor subtypes implicated in weight regulation." SIGNOR-51067 FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23151663 t areggio "Upon ligand binding, DVL proteins are recruited to Frizzled receptors at the plasma membrane and co-recruit cytoplasmic transducers, such as Axin, CK1 and GSK3 binding protein (GBP), presumably along with their partners, to promote ?-catenin-dependent signalling. " SIGNOR-258956 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1105 CSEVERTyLKTKSSS -1 10195142 t lperfetto "To gain further insight into the roles of Src and Fyn in the phosphorylation and regulation of the NMDA receptor, we have characterized the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src and FynIn the case of NR2A, three potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been proposed: Tyr1105, Tyr1267 and Tyr1387 (Zheng et al. 1998; Bi et al. 2000), all of which are similarly located in the C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-247163 TLR2 protein O60603 UNIPROT MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t miannu "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-266740 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR Cell_growth phenotype SIGNOR-PH33 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23863160 f lperfetto "Cellular energy and nutrient status will dictate whether mTORC1 takes over and drives cell growth or conversely whether AMPK becomes active once again to drive consecutive waves of autophagy thorough ULK1." SIGNOR-209919 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser199 PKRKRKNsRVTFSED -1 9407077 t miannu "NIPP-1 is the RNA-binding subunit of a major species of protein phosphatase-1 in the nucleus. The purified recombinant protein was a potent (Ki = 9.9 +/- 0.3 pM) and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 and was stoichiometrically phosphorylated by protein kinases A and CK2. At physiological ionic strength, phosphorylation by these protein kinases drastically decreased the inhibitory potency of free NIPP-1. Sequencing and phosphoamino acid analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides enabled us to identify Ser178 and Ser199 as the phosphorylation sites of protein kinase A" SIGNOR-250033 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr24 LPRPRSCtWPLPRPE -1 BTO:0000318 10377430 t lperfetto "Here we show that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase by extracellular growth factors induces phosphorylation, nuclear export, and transcriptional inactivation of FKHR1, a member of the FKHR subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a key mediator of PI3 kinase signal transduction, phosphorylated recombinant FKHR1 in vitro at threonine-24 and serine-253. Mutants FKHR1(T24A), FKHR1(S253A), and FKHR1(T24A/S253A) were resistant to both PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation and PI3 kinase-stimulated nuclear export." SIGNOR-236163 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr395 PLPSGLLtPPQSGKK 9606 19561641 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of threonine 395 has been linked to the proteasome-mediated degradation of full length cyclin e" SIGNOR-186418 diazepam chemical CHEBI:49575 ChEBI "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The traditional BZ site agonists (GABA-enhancing CNS depressants such as diazepam) are active on the GABAA-Rs containing a gamma2 subunit (Pritchett et al., 1989), a beta subunit, and one of the alpha subunits, alpha1, 2, 3, or 5." SIGNOR-263797 SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 BTO:0000007 16543730 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of GSK3 by PKB or SGK1 inhibits GSK3 activity|estern blotting using an antibody specific for the PKB/SGK1 consensus phosphorylation site in GSK3a/beta (serine 21 and 9 respectively) revealed an increase in GSK3a/beta phosphorylation in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells overexpressing wild type SGK1, constitutively active SGK1, but not catalytically inactive SGK1.|The effect of SGK1 was mimicked by PKB and SGK3." SIGNOR-249165 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser231 KSNIVLLsAEEKKEQ 9606 BTO:0000776 7678037 t llicata "These data suggest taht CKII can phosphorylate more than one site on CD20 molecule. | Taken together, this data shown that insulin can increase serine/ threonine phosphorylation and may stimulate CKII activity in B cells." SIGNOR-251011 TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22577461 f miannu "E2a positively regulates notch1 expression, which induces the expression of hebalt, bcl11b, and il7r." SIGNOR-197523 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile chemical CHEBI:85928 ChEBI PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "The anti-inflammatory compound BAY 11-7082 is a potent inhibitor of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases." gcesareni SIGNOR-190254 NR1I3 protein Q14994 UNIPROT CYP2B6 protein P20813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18303024 f miannu "The CYP2B6 enzyme metabolizes commonly used therapeutics and also activates pro-drugs. The CAR directly binds to the distal enhancer element of the CYP2B6 promoter, which is essential in converging to its drug-sensing function onto promoter activity. However, this binding alone is not sufficient to activate the CYP2B6 promoter; the promoter requires EGR1 to enable CAR to activate the CYP2B6 promoter." SIGNOR-253875 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CYP1B1 protein Q16678 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12801909 f miannu "It was suggested that mutual interaction of XRE2 and XRE3 is important for transcriptional regulation, and that the Sp1 binding to the Sp1-like motif (-824) enhances both the constitutive and inducible transcriptional activities of the human CYP1B1 gene." SIGNOR-255196 PTPN9 protein P43378 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 16679294 t gcesareni "Ectopic expression of ptp-meg2 in cells inhibited insulin-induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, while rnai-mediated reduction of ptp-meg2 transcript levels enhanced insulin action" SIGNOR-146668 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser206 ATPPTLSsTVLIVRN 9606 12815053 t lperfetto "M phase-specific phosphorylation of brca2 by polo-like kinase 1 correlates with the dissociation of the brca2-p/caf complex.Plk1 interacts with brca2 in vivo, and mutation of ser193, ser205/206, and thr203/207 to ala in br-n1 abolished plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that brca2 is the substrate of plk1" SIGNOR-102494 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT KCNA3 protein P22001 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr161 PSFDAILyYYQSGGR 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000671 19166614 t gcesareni "Previously we have shown that acute brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) activation of neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase b (trkb) suppresses the shaker voltage-gated potassium channel (kv1.3) via phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues in the n and c terminal aspects of the channel protein." SIGNOR-183515 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser173 MLETLSQsPPKGVTI 9606 17475908 t miannu "We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B)." SIGNOR-262910 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15694340 t lperfetto "Apoptosis is initiated when Bcl-2 and its prosurvival relatives are engaged by proapoptotic BH3-only proteins via interaction of its BH3 domain with a groove on the Bcl-2-like proteins. These interactions have been considered promiscuous, but our analysis of the affinity of eight BH3 peptides for five Bcl-2-like proteins has revealed that the interactions vary over 10,000-fold in affinity, and accordingly, only certain protein pairs associate inside cells. Bim and Puma potently engaged all the prosurvival proteins comparably. Bad, however, bound tightly to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w but only weakly to A1 and not to Mcl-1." SIGNOR-133820 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser146 MEPERRDsQDGSSYR 9606 12571245 t lperfetto "Actin binding of human lim and sh3 protein is regulated by cgmp- and camp-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation on serine 146. Phosphorylation of lasp at ser-146 leads to a redistribution of the actin-bound protein from the tips of the cell membrane to the cytosol, accompanied with a reduced cell migration" SIGNOR-97938 "PH 797804" chemical CHEBI:82715 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206079 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23940030 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO25 promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of ELK-1 protein. FBXO25 is one of the 69 known human F-box proteins that serve as specificity factors for a family of ubiquitin ligases composed of SKP1, Rbx1, Cullin1, and F-box protein (SCF1) that are involved in targeting proteins for degradation across the ubiquitin proteasome system. FBXO25 interacted with and mediated the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ELK-1 in HEK293T cells." SIGNOR-272129 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 10485710 f lperfetto "Tnf activates phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pi(3)k)." SIGNOR-252733 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Binding of IGF1 to its receptor leads to activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase and autophosphorylation, thus generating docking sites for insulin receptor substrate (IRS), which is also phosphorylated by the IGF1 receptor." SIGNOR-175662 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser255 ELSPTTLsPVNHSLD 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-66767 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257999 USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT STAM protein Q92783 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16520378 t "Stability of the UBPY binding partner STAM is dramatically compromised in UBPY knockdown cells." SIGNOR-266904 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 12524424 t gcesareni "Thus, repression of the activity of C/EBPs by Smad3/4 at C/EBP binding sites inhibited transcription from the PPAR2 and leptin promoters" SIGNOR-241924 LHX1 protein P48742 UNIPROT OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10623575 t miannu "Here we show that OTX2 directly associates with LIM1 and HNF-3beta. The luciferase assay with the P3C sequence, a specific DNA binding sequence for paired-class homeobox genes, has demonstrated that LIM1 enhances, but HNF-3beta represses, OTX2-directed gene expression." SIGNOR-221161 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT CA9 protein Q16790 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22387692 f lperfetto "The miR-24-dependent down-regulation of ARNT decreased the expression of its downstream genes such as CYP1A1 and carbonic anhydrase IX." SIGNOR-253706 PTPN14 protein Q15678 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr128 SKAQQGLyQVPGPSP 9606 BTO:0000586 22710723 t lperfetto "We show that p130 crk-associated substrate (p130cas) is a direct substrate of ptpn14 and that ptpn14 specifically regulates p130cas phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 128 (y128) in colorectal cancer (crc) cells. We engineered crc cells homozygous for a p130cas y128f knock-in mutant and found that these cells exhibit significantly reduced migration and colony formation" SIGNOR-197923 PPFIA1 protein Q13136 UNIPROT PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000093 7796809 t brain lperfetto "We have identified a novel cytoplasmic 160 kDa phosphoserine protein termed LAR-interacting protein 1 (LIP.1), which binds to the LAR membrane-distal D2 protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and appears to localize LAR to focal adhesions." SIGNOR-264141 BACE2 protein Q9Y5Z0 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe634 VHHQKLVfFAEDVGS 9606 10931940 t lperfetto "BACE2, a beta -secretase homolog, cleaves at the beta site and within the amyloid-beta region of the amyloid-beta precursor protein.|Figure 6 Preferred BACE1 and BACE2 cleavage sites. (A) Sequence of APP indicating α- and β-cleavage sites, BACE1- and BACE2-cleavage sites, and the location of mutations analyzed here. APP numbering is that of the 770-aa isoform." SIGNOR-261773 DDOST protein P39656 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272073 anastrozole chemical CHEBI:2704 ChEBI CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189614 CDH5 protein P33151 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265867 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT SLC12A6 protein Q9UHW9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr991 SAYTYERtLMMEQRS 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 19665974 t gcesareni "We have attempted to identify kinases and phosphatases involved in the modulation of phosphorylation at kcc3 t991 and t1048. the wnk kinases and spak/osr1 are strong candidates for kcc3 regulatory kinases." SIGNOR-187564 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser218 ISGYLVDsVAKTMDA 9606 BTO:0000007 11279118 t lperfetto "Suggesting that tao2 selectively activates mek3 and mek6 of the p38 pathway in intact cells" SIGNOR-106462 GTF2F1 protein P35269 UNIPROT GTF2F1 protein P35269 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser385 GGSSRGNsRPGTPSA 9606 10428810 t gcesareni "We show that tfiifalpha possesses a serine/threonine kinase activity, allowing an autophosphorylation of the two residues at position serine 385 and threonine 389. Mutation analysis strongly suggests that autophosphorylation of both sites regulates the transcription elongation process." SIGNOR-69767 Ethylketocyclazocine chemical CHEBI:4901 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258663 ethanol chemical CHEBI:16236 ChEBI GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 8355 BTO:0000964 8700149 t "inferred from family member" miannu "Pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol (10-200 mM) reversibly potentiated the glycine receptor function in all receptors. Ethanol potentiation depended on the glycine concentration used, with decreased potentiation observed at higher glycine concentrations." SIGNOR-267794 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249645 CCL21 protein O00585 UNIPROT ACKR4 protein Q9NPB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 23341447 t Luana " In the present study, however, we demonstrate for the first time the concentration-dependent recruitment of β-arrestins to the atypical chemokine receptor CCX-CKR upon stimulation with CCL19, CCL21, or CCL25 using three different methodologies in various transfected cell lines." SIGNOR-268417 WNT16 protein Q9UBV4 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131674 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-193378 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr219 SIQGHNDyMCPATNQ 9606 BTO:0000150 20101225 t gcesareni "Eralpha can be phosphorylated on two sites, tyrosine 52 (y-52) and tyrosine 219 (y-219). Eralpha phosphorylation by c-abl stabilizes eralpha, resulting in enhanced eralpha transcriptional activity and increased expression of endogenous eralpha target genes." SIGNOR-163562 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18647246 f miannu "NOD2, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the adapter protein receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) are induced by tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B." SIGNOR-252409 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP4K2 protein Q12851 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9712898 t gcesareni "Both full-lenght gck and the gck-ctd can form complexes in vivo with traf2." SIGNOR-59685 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12771132 t gcesareni "Rxr agonists still inactivated endogenous beta-catenin via rxr alpha." SIGNOR-101293 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 PQSNIPEtPPPGYLS 9606 19114991 t lpetrilli "In the nucleus cdk2/4-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 occurs mostly at thr8, thr179, and ser213. Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182822 N-tert-butyl-3-[[5-methyl-2-[4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]anilino]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:91408 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207239 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 FLMECRNsPVTKTPP 9606 BTO:0003316 11777913 t miannu "4E-BP1 Is Phosphorylated in Vitro by Active p38 Kinase. In the present study we demonstrated that UVB induced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at multiple sites, Thr-36, Thr-45, Ser-64, and Thr-69, leading to dissociation of 4E-BP1 from eIF-4E." SIGNOR-250097 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT LRFN2 protein Q9ULH4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 t miannu "SALMs 1-3 contain a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, which interacts with PSD-95, an abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein, whereas SALM4 and SALM5 lack PDZ binding. Interactions between SALMs 1–3 and PSD-95 family proteinscould serve a number of functions. SALM1 and SALM2, which lack the ability to interact with a presynaptic ligand and thus cannot be directly targeted to sites of early synaptic adhesion, may require PSD-95 binding for their localization to early synapses." SIGNOR-264094 ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 2920215 f Regulation miannu "Activin, also named FSH-releasing protein, was previously shown to induce hemoglobin accumulation in K562 cells and potentiate the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-E in human bone marrow cultures." SIGNOR-251769 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys134 AEAWSPRkLPSSAST 9606 BTO:0000007 18347055 t "K63-linked polyubiquitination of proximal signaling proteins is a common mechanism used by diverse innate immune receptors for recruiting IKK and activating NF-_B" SIGNOR-262298 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10078207 t miannu "The remodeling activity of brg1 and hbrm is stimulated by baf170/baf155 and is further stimulated when ini1 is added." SIGNOR-65444 AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000149 11940574 f gcesareni "Although wnts act to stabilize _-catenin levels in the cytosol and nucleus, a multiprotein complex containing adenomatous polyposis coli, glycogen synthase kinase 3_, and axin1 or its homolog axin2/axil/conductin promotes _-catenin phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-116480 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 24790089 t miannu "The molecular chaperone HSP70 binds to and stabilizes NOD2, an important protein involved in Crohn disease." SIGNOR-252416 NPFFR1 protein Q9GZQ6 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256708 MCF2 protein P10911 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260556 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GSTA4 protein O15217 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser189 QEYTVKLsNIPTIKR 9534 12646569 t lperfetto "Mutational analysis show that the putative mitochondrial targeting signal resides within the C-terminal 20 amino acid residues of the protein and that the targeting signal requires activation by phosphorylation at the C-terminal-most protein kinase A (PKA) site at Ser-189 or protein kinase C (PKC) site at Thr-193." SIGNOR-264796 CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT MAPK12/CARM1 complex SIGNOR-C218 SIGNOR "form complex" binding BTO:0001103 29681515 t apalma "Basal localization of the p38γ/p-Carm1 complex in muscle stem cells occurs via binding to the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) through β1-syntrophin. In dystrophin-deficient muscle stem cells undergoing asymmetric division, p38γ/β1-syntrophin interactions are abrogated" SIGNOR-255980 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser102 NLNENQAsEEEDELG -1 2557337 t llicata "Study of [Plphosphate release during manual Edman degradation confirmed that the phosphorylated residues in rat DARPP-32 were Ser45 and Ser102. | Phosphorylation by casein kinase II did not affect the potency of DARPP-32 as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1, which depended only on phosphorylation of Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. However, phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by casein kinase II facilitated phosphorylation of Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase" SIGNOR-251018 PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257329 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 14585074 t "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" amattioni "Bax and/or bak-mediated release of pro-apoptotic mediators including smac/diablo and omi" SIGNOR-87109 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT SKA1 protein Q96BD8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 22371557 t miannu "Aurora B directly phosphorylated Ska1 and Ska3 in vitro, and expression of phosphomimetic mutants of Ska1 and Ska3 impaired Ska KT recruitment and formation of stable KT-MT fibers (K-fibers), disrupting mitotic progression. We propose that Aurora B phosphorylation antagonizes the interaction between the Ska complex and the KMN network, thereby controlling Ska recruitment to KTs and stabilization of KT-MT attachments." SIGNOR-262662 8-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one chemical CHEBI:93369 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258538 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1861 TPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203560 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Thr74 SVLTGKLtTVFLPIV -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263587 PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr657 FGLGSRAyPHFCAFA 9606 BTO:0000007 19934023 t gcesareni "We found that fluid shear stress induces the association of enos with the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (pyk2) in endothelial cells and that the enos immunoprecipitated from enos- and pyk2-overexpressing hek293 cells was tyrosine-phosphorylated on tyr657." SIGNOR-161824 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT MGMT protein P16455 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000711 17564708 f miannu "we observed that IFN-beta sensitized TMZ-resistant glioma cells with the unmethylated MGMT promoter and that the mechanism of action was possibly due to attenuation of MGMT expression via induction of TP53. In this context, IFN-beta inactivates MGMT via p53 gene induction and enhances the therapeutic efficacy to TMZ." SIGNOR-255437 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CHKB protein Q9Y259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 TPKRRRAsSLSRDAE 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase beta (CKbeta) is one of the CK isozymes involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. | This study provides evidence for CKβ phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA).|Phosphorylation sites were located on CKβ residues serine-39 and serine-40 as determined by mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Phosphorylation increased the catalytic efficiencies for the substrates choline and ATP about 2-fold, without affecting ethanolamine phosphorylation, and the S39D/S40D CKβ phosphorylation mimic behaved kinetically very similar." SIGNOR-275630 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser369 RPSSRASsRASSRPR 9606 16474210 t lperfetto "We previously showed that follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) promoted phosphorylation of cx43 in rat primary granulosa cells. We further identified ser365, ser368, ser369, and ser373 in the carboxy-terminal tail as the major sites of phosphorylation by fsh, and found that the phosphorylation of these residues was essential for channel activity." SIGNOR-144469 PLCB2 protein Q00722 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 23994464 f apalma "The PI3Kγ pathway (but not PLCβ2/3) is required for chemotaxis of the cells while both pathways are required for GPCR-induced superoxide release" SIGNOR-255013 KNL1 protein Q8NG31 UNIPROT BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17981135 t gcesareni "Association of the amino and middle domain of blinkin with the tpr domains in the amino termini of bubr1 and bub1 is essential for bubr1 and bub1 to execute their distinct mitotic functions" SIGNOR-158378 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "Ser-15, ser-78, and ser-82 in hsp27 (ser-15 and ser-86 in hsp25) are part of the rxxs motif, a known recognition site for p70rsk." SIGNOR-186959 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT up-regulates 24631756 f lperfetto "ACTH and corticosterone responses to the same acute stress stimulus are higher in the pro-estrus phase of the cycle, when the serum concentrations of estrogen are the highest |Moreover, Kirschbaum et al. conducted a double blind study of 32 men, showing that 100 mcg of estradiol/day for two days was sufficient to produce statistically significant increases in ACTH" SIGNOR-268726 IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23332504 f fspada "Specifically, il-17 suppresses klf15, a pro-adipogenic tf, and enhances expression of klf2 and klf3, which are anti-adipogenic. " SIGNOR-210111 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000830 23539538 t miannu "Ponatinib was found to inhibit the kinase activity of KIT G560V and KIT D816V in the human mast cell leukemia cell line HMC-1. In addition, ponatinib was found to block Lyn- and STAT5 activity in neoplastic mast cells" SIGNOR-259273 DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257244 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser320 QRSRKRLsQDAYRRN 9606 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89268 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" hydroxylation Pro395 VGHQGTVpSDNIDSQ 9606 BTO:0000007 19584355 t lperfetto "We further show that the interaction of pVHL with beta(2)AR is dependent on proline hydroxylation (proline-382 and -395) and that the dioxygenase EGLN3 interacts directly with the beta(2)AR to serve as an endogenous beta(2)AR prolyl hydroxylase. Under hypoxic conditions, receptor hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitylation decrease dramatically, thus attenuating receptor degradation and down-regulation." SIGNOR-262007 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12874027 t miannu "Menin interacts with fancd2 / loss of menin expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to increased sensitivity to dna damage. Furthermore, menin is localized to chromatin and nuclear matrix, and the association with nuclear matrix is enhanced by gamma-irradiation. Together, these results suggest that menin plays a critical role in repair of dna damage in concert with fancd2." SIGNOR-103947 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15209375 f gcesareni "The interaction ofinsulin and growth factors with their receptors on the outside surface of a cell, leads to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi 3-kinase) and generation of the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (ptdins(3,4,5)p3) second messenger at the inner surface of the cell membrane." SIGNOR-126063 FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22944199 t amattioni "When canonical wnts bind to their respective fzd receptors, heterotrimeric g-proteins and dsh get activated and lead to the recruitment of axin to the fzd co-receptor lrp." SIGNOR-253512 SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001086 25126380 f flangone "Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), a member of the SoxB1 transcription factor family, is an important transcriptional regulator in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Together with octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and Nanog, they co-operatively control gene expression in PSCs and maintain their pluripotency. " SIGNOR-242002 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7736585 t gcesareni "D-type cyclins (cyclin d1, d2, or d3) and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk4, cdk6) connect signals from cytokines to the cell cycle machinery, and they propel cells through the g1 restriction point and into the s phase when activated by cyclin d1, cdk4 is able to phosphorylate prb," SIGNOR-32298 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 19473992 f lperfetto "Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of topors regulates p53 stability. Herein, we have identified topoisomerase i-binding protein (topors), a p53-binding protein, as a plk1 target. We show that plk1 phosphorylates topors on ser(718) in vivo. Significantly, expression of a plk1-unphosphorylatable topors mutant (s718a) leads to a dramatic accumulation of p53 through inhibition of p53 degradation. Topors is an ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like modifier ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (sumo e3) ligase. Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of topors inhibits topors-mediated sumoylation of p53, whereas p53 ubiquitination is enhanced, leading to p53 degradation." SIGNOR-185841 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257931 leucine smallmolecule CHEBI:25017 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264748 FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18077588 t areggio "Here we show that both Fz and Dvl functions are critical for Wnt-induced Lrp6 phosphorylation through Fz-Lrp6 interaction." SIGNOR-258964 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser284 AGGGRRIsDSHEDTG 9606 BTO:0000562 17075052 t gcesareni "The triple aspartic acid mutation shows greater distance between the two thick myosin filaments (affects the steric arrangement of the filament distances) in heart tissue. Mutation is cardioprotective during stress (ischemia-reprofusion injury) against apoptosis similar to isoproterenol treatment." SIGNOR-150351 MRPS18A protein Q9NVS2 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262334 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 NYLRRRLsDSNFMAN -1 10571231 t miannu "Synapsin phosphorylation in the A domain, at the only phosphorylation site shared by all synapsins, dissociates synapsins from synaptic vesicles.This site is located in the N-terminal A domain and is a substrate for both PKA and CaM Kinase I" SIGNOR-250058 TUBGCP2 protein Q9BSJ2 UNIPROT "g-TuRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C282 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 31862189 t lperfetto "Here, we present a cryo-EM reconstruction of the native human gamma-TuRC at 3.8A resolution, revealing an asymmetric, cone-shaped structure. Pseudo-atomic models indicate that GCP4, GCP5, and GCP6 form distinct Y-shaped assemblies that structurally mimic GCP2/GCP3 subcomplexes distal to the gamma-TuRC “seam.”" SIGNOR-262326 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT WRN protein Q14191 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser467 DTSYVIEsDEDLEME 9606 BTO:0000007 24429382 t llicata "Here, we identify ser-440 and -467 in wrn as major phosphorylation sites mediated by dna-pk our findings indicate that phosphorylation of ser-440 and -467 in wrn are important for relocalization of wrn to nucleoli, and that it is required for efficient dsb repair." SIGNOR-203741 MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:27978 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-264004 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16007074 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation-dependent interaction between c-jun and tcf4;c-jun and tcf4 cooperatively activated the c-jun promoter in reporter assays" SIGNOR-138544 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 8107774 t gcesareni "A new brain serine/threonine protein kinase may be a target for the p21ras-related proteins Cdc42 and Rac1. The kinase sequence is related to that of the yeast protein STE20, implicated in pheromone-response pathways." SIGNOR-248253 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr503 EAHPNDLyVEGLPEN 9534 11373296 t lperfetto "These residues, tyr248, tyr357, and tyr462, were also found to be the major sites for btk-dependent phosphorylation of bap/tfii-i in vivo. Residues tyr357 and tyr462 are contained within the loop regions of adjacent helix-loop-helix-like repeats within bap/tfii-i. Mutation of either tyr248, tyr357, or tyr462 to phenylalanine reduced transcription from a c-fos promoter relative to wild-type bap/tfii-i in transfected cos-7 cells, consistent with the interpretation that phosphorylation at these sites contributes to transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-108346 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr222 IGAGKGKyYAVNFPM 10116 25219501 t Manara "C-Abl stabilizes HDAC2 levels by tyrosine phosphorylation repressing neuronal gene expression in Alzheimer's disease." SIGNOR-260928 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser150 PELCGPGsPPVLTPG 9606 15952796 t lperfetto "We show that grb10 is a direct substrate of the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)we identified ser(150), ser(418), and ser(476) of human grb10zeta as mapk-mediated in vitro phosphorylation sites. Replacing ser(150) and ser(476) with alanines reduced the inhibitory effect of human grb10zeta on insulin-stimulated irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings suggest that phosphorylation of the adaptor protein may provide a feedback inhibitory mechanism by which grb10 regulates insulin signaling." SIGNOR-138163 quetiapine chemical CHEBI:8707 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258534 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000011 11279134 t lperfetto "The differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) by dexamethasone (DEX), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (MIX), and insulin" SIGNOR-250566 PHKA2 protein P46019 UNIPROT PHKG2 protein P15735 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10487978 t "Phk is among the most complex of the protein kinases so far elucidated. It has one catalytic (gamma) subunit and three different regulatory (alpha, beta, and delta) subunits, a molecular mass of 1.3 X 106 daltons, and each holoenzyme molecule is presumed to contain four molecules of each subunit. The three regulatory subunits inhibit the phosphotransferase activity of the gamma subunit." SIGNOR-267406 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser272 RPRSKSQsSSNCSNP -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251290 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr739 SEGSGTAtPSALITT 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 20150555 t lperfetto "Moreover, we showed that sp1 is a novel mitotic substrate of cdk1/cyclin b1 and is phosphorylated by it at thr 739 before the onset of mitosis." SIGNOR-216940 MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT 3-methoxytyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:1582 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-263999 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser372 VAATPPPsTASAPAA 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 16627622 t esanto "Parp1 phosphorylation by erk1/2 is required for maximal parp-1 activation after dna damage. S372a and t373a mutations impaired parp-1 activation." SIGNOR-146220 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11711533 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we demonstrate that pstpip serves as a scaffold protein between ptp-pest and wasp and allows ptp-pest to dephosphorylate wasp. This finding suggests a possible mechanism for ptp-pest to directly modulate actin remodeling through the pstpip-wasp interaction." SIGNOR-111688 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16932740 t gcesareni "P38 map kinase mediates stress-induced internalization of egfrthe underlying mechanism entails phosphorylation of egfr at a short segment (amino acids 1002-1022) containing multiple serines and threonines, as well as phosphorylation of two rab5 effectors, eea1 and gdi." SIGNOR-149086 IL26 protein Q9NPH9 UNIPROT IL20RA protein Q9UHF4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 17208301 t gcesareni "The mrna expression level of il10, il19, il20, il22, il24, il26, il28b, il29 and their receptors il10ra, il10rb, il20ra, il20rb, il22ra1, il22ra2, il28ra was compared in skin biopsies of children and adults and in childrens' skin cells by quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr)." SIGNOR-151920 SERPINC1 protein P01008 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8626456 t gcesareni "In vitro binding studies revealed that antithrombin iii (atiii)thrombin, heparin cofactor ii (hcii)thrombin, and ?1-antitrypsin (?1AT)trypsin bound to purified lrp." SIGNOR-41232 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 11163226 f scontino "In this study, the roles of NFATc1 and NFATc2 in T and B cells were examined. These results further characterize NFAT as a transcription factor family that plays a critical role in the regulation of lymphocyte effector differentiation." SIGNOR-270537 TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16386358 f "Conversely, T-bet is capable of inhibiting GATA-3 (Szabo et al., 2000). The mutual inhibition between GATA-3 and T-bet ensures that Th1 and Th2 cells express one or the other molecule (T-bet in Th1, and GATA-3 in Th2), but not both" SIGNOR-254295 terazosin chemical CHEBI:9445 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9379432 t miannu "Pharmacological management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has most successfully been achieved by administration of α1 antagonists, which function via relaxation of prostatic smooth muscle. Terazosin2 (2), doxazosin3 (3), and alfuzosin4 (4), agents currently approved for this indication" SIGNOR-258670 MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272381 MMP17 protein Q9ULZ9 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272362 MMP20 protein O60882 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272365 ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256950 MIR9-1HG protein Q13536 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002874 10995546 t Luana "CROC-4: a novel brain specific transcriptional activator of c-fos expressed from proliferation through to maturation of multiple neuronal cell types." SIGNOR-261569 KIF2B protein Q8N4N8 UNIPROT "Minus-end directed microtubule movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH217 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272534 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10487978 t miannu "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-267411 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT CD8A protein P01732 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8413295 f miannu "Taken together, these results suggest that the human CD8 alpha gene is regulated by the interaction of multiple T-cell nuclear proteins with a transcriptional enhancer located in the last intron of the gene. Site-directed mutation of the Ets-1 and GATA-3 sites dramatically reduced enhancer activity." SIGNOR-254079 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11460167 t lperfetto "Tak1 kinase complex phosphorylates and activates ikk in a manner that depends on traf6 and ubc13-uev1a" SIGNOR-217445 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser356 DIKSNNWsLEDVTAS 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-140998 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT MAP9 protein Q49MG5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser625 RKQKKRHsFLESEAL 9606 17925329 t llicata "Asap is a novel substrate of the oncogenic mitotic kinase aurora-a: phosphorylation on ser625 is essential to spindle formation and mitosis." SIGNOR-158210 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001593 BTO:0000140 22298955 t lperfetto "Noggin binds the domain that is re-quired for bmp-7 to interact with bmp type i and type ii receptorsNoggin Inhibits bmp by blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type i and type ii receptors (pmid 12478285)" SIGNOR-192799 IL20RA protein Q9UHF4 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000876 12941475 f gcesareni "Il-20 induces cheratin proliferation and stat-3 signal transduction pathway" SIGNOR-86269 PPP2R1A protein P30153 UNIPROT PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243427 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 11865062 f "We have established that methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is involved in methylation-dependent silencing of human MDR1 in cells that lack the known transcriptional repressors MBD2 and MBD3. In the repressed state the MDR1 promoter is methylated and assembled into chromatin enriched with MeCP2 and deacetylated histone. TSA induced significant acetylation of histones H3 and H4 but did not activate transcription. 5aC induced DNA demethylation, leading to the release of MeCP2, promoter acetylation, and partial relief of repression" SIGNOR-254033 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser256 SPRRRAAsMDNNSKF 9606 BTO:0000150 12560069 t lperfetto "Furthermore, estrogen induced phosphorylation and perinuclear localization of the cell survival forkhead transcription factor fkhr in the cytoplasm in a pak1-dependent manner. In addition, pak1 directly interacted with fkhr and phosphorylated it. The noticed phosphorylation-dependent exclusion of fkhr from the nucleus impaired the ability of fkhr to activate its target fas ligand promoter containing the fkhr binding motif (fre) in cells treated with estrogen or expressing catalytically active pak1." SIGNOR-97882 FLT3LG protein P49771 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10080542 t gcesareni "Flt3 ligand (fl) is an early-acting potent co-stimulatory cytokine that regulates proliferation and differentiation of a number of blood cell lineages. Its receptor flt3/flk2 belongs to class iii receptor tyrosine kinases that also include the receptors for colony-stimulating factor 1" SIGNOR-65564 ARHGAP29 protein Q52LW3 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260484 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 16813528 f lperfetto "These observations suggest that tnf-alpha activates p38 map kinase during the inflammatory response at the injured growth plate, and tnf-alpha-p38 signaling seems to be required for marrow mesenchymal cell proliferation and migration at the growth plate injury site and in cell culture." SIGNOR-147369 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 19491292 f gcesareni "Nuclear pgc-1alpha and foxo3a respond in a reciprocal manner following aicar treatment." SIGNOR-252970 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr493 LGADDSYyTARSAGK 9606 BTO:0000661 7961936 t "We show that ZAP-70 has a primary autophosphorylation site at Tyr-292, with a secondary site at Tyr-126. We also show additional phosphorylation at Tyr-69, Tyr-178, Tyr-492, and Tyr-493 upon the addition of the protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck." SIGNOR-251395 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF19B protein Q6ZMZ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271173 PIWIL1 protein Q96J94 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0003081 32203416 t miannu "PIWIL1 leads to the constitutive activation of APC/C in PDAC cells. Here, we show that in the absence of piRNAs, human PIWIL1 in PDAC functions as an oncoprotein by activating the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 complex, which then targets a critical cell adhesion-related protein, Pinin, to enhance PDAC metastasis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Pinin is an authentic substrate of APC/CPIWIL1 in PDAC cells." SIGNOR-272202 AGPAT5 protein Q9NUQ2 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 21173190 t lperfetto "The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA).¬†" SIGNOR-267011 HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 8611031 f "Regulation of binding" miannu "Hemoglobin induced apolipoprotein B crosslinking in low-density lipoprotein peroxidation. Crosslinked apo B was shown to resist lysosomal degradation, thereby causing accumulation of oxidized LDL in macrophages" SIGNOR-251754 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser368 QRPSSRAsSRASSRP 10116 10871288 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of connexin43 on serine368 by protein kinase C regulates gap junctional communication.|These data strongly suggest that PKC directly phosphorylates Cx43 on S368 in vivo, which results in a change in single channel behavior that contributes to a decrease in intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249049 SLC12A3 protein P55017 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "Eukaryotic cells regulate their volume in the long term through the coordinated function of the Na+-coupled chloride (NKCC1/2 and NCC) and K+-coupled chloride (KCC1–4) cotransporters, which encompass two branches of the SLC12|The K+-Cl− cotransporters move chloride outside the cell, are inhibited by phosphorylation, and are activated by dephosphorylation. In contrast, the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporters introduce chloride into the cell, are inhibited by dephosphorylation, and are activated by phosphorylation gene family of solute transporters (12). " SIGNOR-264633 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161706 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 7549116 f miannu "Our results pointed to a key role that NF1 might play in the functioning of the AFP promoter. Indeed, overexpression of NF1 induced a specific decrease in the activity of the AFP promoter. Competition between NF1 and HNF-1 for binding to their overlapping binding sites on the AFP promoter would be critical for modulating its activity." SIGNOR-254636 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ERF protein P50548 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C17 7588608 t lperfetto "Consistent with the in vivo phosphorylation and inactivation by ras, erf is efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by erk2 and cdc2/cyclin b kinases, at sites similar to those detected in vivo. Furthermore, a single mutation at position 526 results in the loss of a specific phosphopeptide both in in vivo and in vitro (by erk2) labeling. Substitution of thr526 for glutamic acid also decreases the repression ability of erf" SIGNOR-29501 CBFbeta-MYH11 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP3 SIGNOR "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000661 9632809 f "The polyomavirus enhancer binding protein 2 (PEBP2)/core binding factor (CBF) is a transcription factor composed of two subunits, α and β. The gene encoding the β subunit is disrupted by inv(16), resulting in the formation of a chimeric protein, β-SMMHC, which is associated with acute myelogenous leukemia.Thus, the result suggess that β-SMMHC inhibits PEBP2-mediated transcription via cytoplasmic sequestration of the α subunit." SIGNOR-255741 SAR1A protein Q9NR31 UNIPROT SEC24D protein O94855 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding SIGNOR-C370 30605680 t lperfetto "Biogenesis of COPII vesicles is initiated by the activation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein secretion-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1) at specialized subdomains of the ER, called ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER (tER). Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer." SIGNOR-265301 PTGFR protein P43088 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256810 "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257705 DNA-PK complex SIGNOR-C107 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10854421 f miannu "The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), consisting of Ku and the DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex function together in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining." SIGNOR-264531 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT IFNGR2/INFGR1 complex SIGNOR-C142 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249487 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258005 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser23 NDMKVRKsSTPEEVK 9606 BTO:0001271 22855535 t lperfetto "Pkc_ phosphorylates cofilin at ser-23 and/or ser-24 during degranulationthese results indicate that a novel pkc_-mediated phosphorylation event regulates cofilin by inhibiting its ability to depolymerize f-actin and bind to 14-3-3_, thereby promoting f-actin polymerization" SIGNOR-198478 HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257375 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA3 protein Q9Y5H0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265699 ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31226023 t miannu "Apart from ER protein chaperones, ATF6 also induces the expression of CHOP and XBP1, thereby connecting the three UPR branches into an integrated signaling network" SIGNOR-260180 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257993 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C16 21902831 t gcesareni "Cycline/cdk2 blocks myod-induced gene expression through the phosphorylation of rb, preventing rb from binding and transactivating myod, and triggering s phase entry instead of differentiation." SIGNOR-176512 RPL13A protein P40429 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262485 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1693 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248785 DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)." SIGNOR-269905 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 32471307 t lperfetto "A major kinase for GPCR‐induced CPI‐17 phosphorylation is PKC which is activated by the PLCbeta‐produced signaling messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It phosphorylates CPI‐17 at Thr38 residue that directly docks at the active site of MLCP, thereby inhibiting its activity and promoting an increase of phosphorylation of myosin and of other MLCP." SIGNOR-249261 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 18177723 f "andrea cerquone perpetuini" "We identified cyclin D1 as a STAT3 target gene product downregulated in satellite cells from IL-6-deficient muscle in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-255411 PGM2 protein Q96G03 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-267933 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT DOCK7 protein Q96N67 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1257 METVPQLyDFTETHN 9606 18426980 t llicata "We show that the nrg1 receptor erbb2 directly binds and activates dock7 by phosphorylating tyr-1118. thus, dock7 functions as an intracellular substrate for erbb2 to promote schwann cell migration. This provides an unanticipated mechanism through which ligand-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation can trigger the activation of rho gtpase-gefs of the dock180 family." SIGNOR-178348 OR5B21 protein A6NL26 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 34917897 f "Since NF-κB activation is an important characteristic of EMT and cancer metastasis, we evaluated the effect of OR5B21 on this pathway as well as two transcription factors known to co-operate with NF-κB as synergistic initiators and master regulators of EMT, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein b (C/EBPβ) | Of importance, OR5B21 knockdown inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 and reversed the expression of MMP2, MMP9, and Snail, which coincided with a decrease in both C/EBPβ levels and activation of NF-κB, whereas overexpression of OR5B21 had the opposite effect, endorsing the role of C/EBPβ/STAT3 in OR5B21-induced metastasis | Together, these data suggest that OR5B21 promotes breast cancer metastasis to different tissues by activating EMT through the STAT3/NF-κB/C/EBPβ signaling axis, revealing OR5B21 as a potential target for breast cancer therapy" SIGNOR-272503 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 16571352 f lperfetto "Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts responded to Shh stimulation with the induction of Hh target genes Gli1, Ptc1, and Hip1.These observations support the previously advanced notion of a functional redundancy or cooperativity between Gli2 and Gli1 in activation of target genes [18] and [43] and indicate a functional cooperation between Gli3 and Gli1." SIGNOR-209641 RNF183 protein Q96D59 UNIPROT ATP1B1 protein P05026 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31732153 t miannu "RNF183 promotes the degradation of Na, K-ATPas.  We confirmed that RNF183 interacted with both α1 and β1 subunits; however, we found that RNF183 ubiquitinated only the β1 subunit, not the α1 subunit. " SIGNOR-272218 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 16266983 f gcesareni "We show that the presence of Flt3-ITD constitutively activates Akt (PKB), a key serine-threonine kinase within the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway." SIGNOR-252626 DAPT chemical CHEBI:86193 ChEBI APP protein P05067 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191292 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT AFAP1 protein Q8N556 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr451 TDPEALHyDYIDVEM 9534 BTO:0004055 9655255 t lperfetto "In this report, site-directed mutagenesis and a transient expression system that permits co-expression of activated pp60c-src (Src527F) and AFAP-110 in Cos-1 cells were used to identify the SH2-binding motif in AFAP-110. Four tyrosine residues, two in the amino terminus (Y93 and Y94) and two in the carboxy terminus (Y451 and Y453), were mutated to phenylalanine, significantly reducing overall steady-state levels of tyrosine phosphorylation and preventing Src527F from forming a stable complex with AFAP-110." SIGNOR-246351 EPN1 protein Q9Y6I3 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 24789820 t lperfetto "Early recruitment of FCHo1/2, Eps15, epsin, and intersectin to the rims of assembling coated pits is essential for their stability and further growth" SIGNOR-260716 KLHL9 protein Q9P2J3 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17543862 t miannu "Aurora B Interacts with the Cul3 Complex during Mitosis and Is Ubiquitylated in a Cul3-Dependent Manner In Vivo and In Vitro. our results suggest that Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 activity is required to remove the chromosomal passenger protein Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, and that Aurora B is ubiquitylated in vivo and in vitro in a KLHL9/13-dependent manner. We conclude that the Cul3/KLHL9/KLHL13 E3 ligase is an important cell-cycle regulator which, in addition to the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), coordinates mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis." SIGNOR-271660 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser6 sDPSVEPP 9606 17525747 t gcesareni "Our studies revealed a novel mechanism in which phosphorylation of jnk2 is mediated by jnk1 before phosphorylation of p53, and then p53 is directly phosphorylated by jnk2 at ser6. |Role of map kinases in uvb-induced phosphorylation of p53 at serine 20." SIGNOR-155209 TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257161 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr57 LSSTPLStPCSSVPS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159454 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser482 SSMQPDNsSDSDYDL 9606 9834084 t lperfetto "In this study, we use jurkat t cell transfectants of cd5 cytoplasmic tail mutants to reveal phosphorylation sites relevant to signal transduction. Our results show that casein kinase ii (ckii) is responsible for the constitutive phosphorylation of cd5 molecules at a cluster of three serine residues located at the extreme c terminus (s458, s459, and s461)" SIGNOR-62303 SEMA7A protein O75326 UNIPROT PLXNC1 protein O60486 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10520995 t gcesareni "Plexin-c1 is a receptor for the gpi-anchored semaphorin sema7a. The cytoplasmic domain of plexins associates with a tyrosine kinase activity. Plexins may also act as ligands mediating repulsion in epithelial cells in vitro." SIGNOR-71260 DLX2 protein Q07687 UNIPROT MSX2 protein P35548 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 9111364 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that dimerization by Msx and Dlx proteins is mediated through their homeodomains and that the residues required for this interaction correspond to those necessary for DNA binding. Unlike most other known examples of homeoprotein interactions, association of Msx and Dlx proteins does not promote cooperative DNA binding; instead, dimerization and DNA binding are mutually exclusive activities. Msx proteins act as transcriptional repressors and Dlx proteins act as activators, while in combination, Msx and Dlx proteins counteract each other's transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-240911 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 28646232 t Gianni "We demonstrate that insulin-mediated activation of ERK1/2 results in phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 independently of Akt/mTORC1 activity in Tsc2 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that inhibition of ERK1/2 rescues GSK3β activity and restores protein synthesis in Tsc2 −/− MEFs to normal levels" SIGNOR-262520 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser448 HRSIRHSsIQE 9606 BTO:0000782 20697158 t miannu "Carock2 phosphorylated irf4 at either of 2 distinct phosphorylation sites, s446 and s447 / rock2-mediated phosphorylation of irf4 regulated the synthesis of il-17 and il-21 and the differentiation of th17 cells." SIGNOR-167471 "anthraflavic acid" chemical CHEBI:34250 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258156 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser717 LKEAEEEsSEDD 9606 11500362 t llicata "Two conserved sites (Ser712/713) are phosphorylated by casein kinase 2. They lie at the extreme C-terminus and are required for the interaction of eIF2Bepsilon with its substrate, eIF2, in vivo and for eIF2B activity in vitro. " SIGNOR-250989 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10671503 t lperfetto "Rela (p65) nf-kappab subunit interacts with the zinc finger dna-binding domain of sp1." SIGNOR-216334 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17620431 t miannu "The present study describes an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, multitargeted kinase inhibitor, pazopanib (GW786034), and the drug concentration requirement for maximal in vivo activity. Pazopanib is a low nanomolar inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-Kit tyrosine kinases. Pazopanib inhibition of a number of kinases outside of the VEGFR family was also determined. These included Abl1; Akt3; activin-like kinase 6; cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin A; cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A; c-fms; c-Kit; epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB2; ErbB4; EphB4; focal adhesion kinase; FGF receptors (FGFR) 1, 2, and 3; Flt-3; glycogen synthase kinase 3; insulin-like growth factor type I receptor; insulin receptor; interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase; c-jun NH2-terminal kinases 1, 2, and 3; lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (murine); Met; p38α; PDGFRα and PDGFRβ; protein kinase C-β1 and -β2; polo-like kinases 1 and 3; Ret; Src; Syk; Tie-2; and Wee1. All assays were conducted using purified, recombinantly expressed catalytic domains of the kinases." SIGNOR-259451 biphenyl-4,4'-diol chemical CHEBI:34367 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9751507 t miannu "Bisphenol A is an equally strong agonist for ERα as for ERβ, and the same is true for 4,4′-biphenol, which differs from bisphenol A in that it lacks the propane group between the phenolic rings. " SIGNOR-268741 RPS6KA6 protein Q9UK32 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser89 SELLRSGsSPNLNMG 34261798 t lperfetto "Figure 2G shows that Ser89 phosphorylation of p300, an event that inhibits p300’s acetyltransferase activity (13), was decreased in RSK4-silenced A549 and T24 cells. Consequently, RSK4 may regulate the activity of the NFκB pathway by direct phosphorylation of p300, as recombinant RSK4 phosphorylates p300 on Ser89 in vitro " SIGNOR-275796 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT TUBA1A protein Q71U36 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266938 RCOR1 protein Q9UKL0 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 16140033 t miannu "CoREST protects LSD1 from proteasomal degradation and also plays an indispensable role in LSD1-mediated demethylation of nucleosomal substrates in vitro. in contrast to CoREST, which is a positive regulator of LSD1 activity, the in vitro evidence presented above suggests that BHC80 may function to inhibit LSD1 activity." SIGNOR-264506 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269260 linifanib chemical CHEBI:91435 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258243 PIH1D2 protein Q8WWB5 UNIPROT "R2SP co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C517 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29844425 t miannu "Systematic interaction analyses show that one RPAP3-like protein, SPAG1, binds PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 to form an R2TP-like complex termed R2SP.  This co-chaperone is enriched in testis and among 68 of the potential clients identified, some are expressed in testis and others are ubiquitous. One substrate is liprin-α2, which organizes large signaling complexes." SIGNOR-270937 CACNA1E protein Q15878 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30849329 t miannu "CACNA1E is highly expressed in the central nervous system and encodes the α1-subunit of the voltage-gated CaV2.3 channel, which conducts high voltage-activated R-type calcium currents that initiate synaptic transmission." SIGNOR-264322 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23723069 f miannu "Lrig1 is a negative regulator of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, including erbb and met receptors, and promotes receptor degradation." SIGNOR-202143 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT MAP9 protein Q49MG5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser289 SDENKENsFSADHVT 9606 20615875 t lperfetto "We also demonstrate that asap is a novel substrate of plk1 phosphorylation and have identified serine 289 as the major phosphorylation site by plk1 in vivo. Asap phosphorylated on serine 289 is localized to centrosomes during mitosis, but this phosphorylation is not required for its plk1-dependent localization at the spindle poles. We show that phosphorylated asap on serine 289 contributes to spindle pole stability in a microtubule-dependent manner" SIGNOR-166564 MKRN1 protein Q9UHC7 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 23104211 t miannu "Biochemical analyses confirmed that MKRN1 targets p14ARF for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation.The Skp1-Cul1-F-box-protein44 (SCF(FBXO44)) complex ubiquitinates full-length BRCA1 in vitro." SIGNOR-272036 RPS6KA6 protein Q9UK32 UNIPROT RPS6KA6 protein Q9UK32 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser232 DQEKKAYsFCGTVEY 15632195 t lperfetto "These mutants had minimal kinase activity and showed profoundly decreased phosphorylation at Ser232 compared with wild-type RSK4 (Fig 10B), suggesting that RSK4 can autophosphorylate at Ser232." SIGNOR-275797 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32195003 f "Notch signaling is initiated by the interaction of Notch ligands and receptors on adjacent cells, which further triggers two proteolytic cleavage events. The first cleavage releases a functional extracellular domain (NECD); the second cleavage, mediated by γ-secretase, releases the intracellular domain (NICD) into the cytoplasm. The NICD then translocates to the nucleus, binds to the transcription factor CBF/Su (H)/LAG-2 (CSL), and recruits Mastermind-like protein 1 and p300/CBP to induce transcription of Notch target genes, including Hes1, p21, Akt, cyclin D1, and mTOR" SIGNOR-261534 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser245 NQSMDTGsPAELSPT 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-66759 Helicase protein P0DTD1-PRO_0000449630 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32979938 t miannu "We use unbiased screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 proteins that antagonize type I interferon (IFN-I) response. We found three proteins that antagonize IFN-I production via distinct mechanisms: nonstructural protein 6 (nsp6) binds TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to suppress interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation, nsp13 binds and blocks TBK1 phosphorylation, and open reading frame 6 (ORF6) binds importin Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) to inhibit IRF3 nuclear translocation. the results indicate that (1) nsp6 binds to TBK1 without affecting TBK1 phosphorylation, but the nsp6/TBK1 interaction decreases IRF3 phosphorylation, which leads to reduced IFN-β production; and (2) nsp13 binds and inhibits TBK1 phosphorylation, resulting in decreased IRF3 activation and IFN-β production (Figure 2F)." SIGNOR-262511 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9767234 f miannu "UVB can stimulate the synthesis of IL-1, TNF-a and ET-1, and other cytokines by keratinocytes." SIGNOR-252382 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT KCNJ1 protein P48048 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 8621594 t lperfetto "To determine whether this channel is a substrate for PKA, ROMK tagged with the hemagglutinin epitope was transiently transfected into HEK293 cells. In vitro labeling of immunoprecipitated proteins from transfected cells showed that ROMK could be phosphorylated by PKA. | Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that direct phosphorylation of the channel polypeptide by PKA is involved in channel regulation and PKA-dependent phosphorylation is essential for ROMK channel activity." SIGNOR-248943 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 1572904 f Regulation miannu "IL-1 beta also depressed adipoconversion, inhibited markedly LPL activity, and partially reduced GPDH activity." SIGNOR-251856 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257935 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TP53RK protein Q96S44 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser250 RLRGRKRsMVG 9606 17712528 t gcesareni "Here we show that such an activation of prpk is mediated by another kinase, akt/pkb, which phosphorylates prpk at ser250." SIGNOR-252503 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBA3E protein Q6PEY2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116738 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT RASGRP3 protein Q8IV61 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr133 YDWMRRVtQRKKVSK 9606 BTO:0000776 15545601 t lperfetto "Activation of rasgrp3 by phosphorylation of thr-133 is required for b cell receptor-mediated ras activation. our data suggest that pkc, after being activated by diacylglycerol, phosphorylates rasgrp3, thereby contributing to its full activation." SIGNOR-130490 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1497 EPGVERSsPSKCPSL 9606 BTO:0000551 19683496 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-187607 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT COL4A2 protein P08572 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21931594 f Regulation miannu "Egr-1 induced a time-dependent ECM gene expression program, with the number of ECM genes increasing >2.5-fold (from 16 to 41) between 24 and 48 h. Genes in this group include those coding for multiple collagens (COL4A1, COL4A2, COL11A1, COL7A1, COL10A1)" SIGNOR-251918 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT LHB protein P01229 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19106114 f miannu "EGR1 bound to two binding sites on the LHB promoter and this binding was increased by GNRH1. Mutation of either site or knockdown of endogenous EGR1 decreased basal and/or GNRH1-regulated promoter activity." SIGNOR-254919 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT NMT1 protein P30419 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr180 YTLLNENyVEDDDNM -1 11594778 t "Human NMT was found to be phosphorylated by non-receptor tyrosine kinase family members of Lyn. a site-directed mutagenesis study indicated that substitution of tyrosine 100 with phenylalanine served NMT as a poor substrate for the Lyn kinase." SIGNOR-251404 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr12 KQTARKStGGKAPRK 9606 18243098 t gcesareni "We identify chk1 as the kinase responsible for h3-t11 phosphorylation. H3-t11 phosphorylation occurs throughout the cell cycle and is chk1 dependent in vivo.Phosphorylation at thr-12 (h3t11ph) by pkn1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of lys-10 (h3k9me) by kdm4c/jmjd2c." SIGNOR-160557 AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 12588998 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-98361 SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7590241 t miannu "Sox2 can form a ternary complex with either the ubiquitous oct-1 or the embryonic-specific oct-3 protein on fgf-4 enhancer dna sequences. However, only the sox2/oct-3 complex is able to promote transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-29512 FOXQ1 protein Q9C009 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002196 10896677 t Luana "Results from this analysis revealed that the inhibitory activity of HFH-1 was contained within the forkhead DNA-binding domain. Truncated HFH-1 proteins that lack the entire forkhead domain were unable to repress telokin promoter activity, in contrast expression of the forkhead domain alone was able to repress promoter activity" SIGNOR-261609 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 RQLRKVRsVELDQLP 9606 BTO:0000776;BTO:0000785 8649450 t gcesareni "Activation of ras may lead to two distinct ras-dependent pathways involving either a raf1/mek/mapk module or a mekk/sek/sapk module; jnk/sapk binds to the d domain near the nh2 terminus of mekk1 from approximately residues 6270 (9, 10). Pak1 can phosphorylate mekk1 on serine 67 within its jnk/sapk-binding d domain. Phosphorylation of mekk1 on serine 67 alters the state of the d domain, thereby decreasing its affinity for jnk/sapk. Under these conditions jnk/sapk is not recruited into the mekk1 signaling module." SIGNOR-41953 L-arginine chemical CHEBI:16467 ChEBI mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 27126896 f Luana " Importantly, asparagine/glutamine pre-load only results in mTOR activation following amino acid stimulation (Fig. 5a), indicating that it is their exchange factor roles that elicit mTORC1 activation." SIGNOR-268018 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT PLAUR protein Q03405 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23015147 t "Inducible podocyte-specific expression of constitutively active NFATc1 increased podocyte uPAR expression by binding to the Plaur gene promoter (encoding uPAR) in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays." SIGNOR-253336 G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266564 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1696 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248810 SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 19896409 f lperfetto "BMPs first bind to and activate their transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors, which in turn phosphorylate the transcription factors Smad1/5/8 at its two C-terminal serines (SVS). Phosphorylated Smad1Cter binds to Smad4 (co-Smad) and translocates and accumulates in the nucleus, activating BMP-responsive genes (Fig. 2) [21] and [22], such as BMP4/7 and others." SIGNOR-248843 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT PGM1 protein P36871 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr467 SANDKVYtVEKADNF 9606 BTO:0001271 15378030 t llicata "Pak1-mediated phosphorylation of pgm selectively on threonine 466 significantly increased pgm enzymatic activity" SIGNOR-128722 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser66 GVYATRSsAVRLRSS -1 11895474 t miannu "In vitro analyses revealed that vimentin served as an excellent substrate for PAK. This phosphorylated vimentin lost the potential to form 10 nm filaments. We identified Ser25, Ser38, Ser50, Ser65 and Ser72 in the amino-terminal head domain as the major phosphorylation sites on vimentin for PAK. " SIGNOR-250241 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1644 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248817 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr219 ASLSLPAtPVGKGTE 10090 BTO:0000142 12796778 t llicata "Three specific phosphorylation sites (Ser198, Thr219 and Ser231) and two weak phosphorylation sites (Ser242 and Thr245) for CDK5/p35 are located in this region of NUDEL | Each single or double mutant compromised,and the triple mutant completely eliminated, interaction with 14-3-3ε. | 14-3-3ε sustains NUDEL phosphorylation and protects it from phosphatase.e dynein motor function." SIGNOR-250678 DHCR24 protein Q15392 UNIPROT DHCR7 protein Q9UBM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 25637936 t miannu "DHCR7 coimmunoprecipitates DHCR24. Overexpression of functional DHCR24 increases DHCR7 activity. Because knockdown of DHCR24 has no effect on DHCR7 mRNA (Fig. 3A), this implies that this phenomenon is occurring posttranscriptionally. Thus, the interaction between the two terminal steps of cholesterol synthesis appears to have functional consequences." SIGNOR-267249 FADS2 protein O95864 UNIPROT arachidonoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15514 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267912 CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKGR 9606 19574738 t gcesareni "Cdk1/cdc2 activation involves tyr15/thr14 dephosphorylation by cdc25c" SIGNOR-186621 KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264299 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258456 GPR35 protein Q9HC97 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256717 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257516 COPS5 protein Q92905 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270775 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT GPSM3 protein Q9Y4H4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser35 STTRPWRsAPPSPPP 9606 BTO:0000876 22843681 t lperfetto "Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous GPSM3 and 14-3-3 proteins from the human monocytic cell line THP-1 suggests basal phosphorylation of GPSM3 at serine 35 as potentially mediated by GSK3alpha. The GPSM3/14-3-3 interaction is seen to stabilize GPSM3 from degradation and also support the nuclear exclusion of both proteins." SIGNOR-264863 HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256720 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr500 RLAYVAPtIPRRLAS -1 12030846 t miannu "MYPT1 was phosphorylated by ILK and phosphorylation sites in the N- and C-terminal fragments of MYPT1 were detected. From sequence analyses, three sites were identified: a primary site at Thr(709), and two other sites at Thr(695) and Thr(495). ILK produced an intermediate level of inhibition" SIGNOR-262884 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257640 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser153 NRLKVLYsQKATPGS 9606 BTO:0000567 15525512 t llicata "Bub1 directly phosphorylates Cdc20 in vitro and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C(Cdc20) catalytically. A Cdc20 mutant with all six Bub1 phosphorylation sites removed is refractory to Bub1-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition in vitro. " SIGNOR-250604 HOXA7 protein P31268 UNIPROT IVL protein P07476 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 11435435 f miannu "Antisense HOXA7 expression activated transglutaminase 1, involucrin, and keratin 10 message and protein levels, demonstrating that endogenous HOXA7 down-regulates multiple differentiation-specific keratinocyte genes." SIGNOR-254473 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu92 QLIKAIQlTYNPDES -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-14 27YVATRDN g-chain| 105XDAATLKSR g-chain | 92LTYNPDES g-chain |105LTTNIXEXL a-chain|433LVTSKGDKE a-chain| 117FXSANNRD a-chain" SIGNOR-263617 WKYMVm chemical CID:457933 PUBCHEM FPR2 protein P25090 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257493 MYO3A protein Q8NEV4 UNIPROT MYO3A protein Q8NEV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr919 TRHARETtNMKTQTV 9534 24214986 t Manara "We demonstrate by mass spectrometry that Thr-178 and Thr-184 in the kinase domain activation loop and two threonines in the loop 2 region of the motor domain are autophosphorylated (Thr-908 and Thr-919) | Thus, the phosphorylation sites in loop 2 (Thr-908 and Thr-919) are likely responsible for the down-regulation of MYO3A motor activity observed in our current and previous work" SIGNOR-260924 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser280 RSPSPQPsSHVAPQD 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248691 PAX7-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP11 SIGNOR JARID2 protein Q92833 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23435416 t lperfetto "JARID2 is a direct target of the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein and inhibits myogenic differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells| we demonstrated that JARID2 is a direct transcriptional target of the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein.| Therefore, JARID2 is a downstream effector of PAX3-FOXO1 that maintains an undifferentiated myogenic phenotype that is characteristic of RMS" SIGNOR-249597 MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser218 ISGYLVDsVAKTMDA 9606 BTO:0000298 9162092 t lperfetto "These data indicate that mkk3 is preferentially activated by mekk3, whereas mkk4 is activated both by mekk2 and mekk3." SIGNOR-48625 TBX2 protein Q13207 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t lperfetto "TBX2 and TBX3 function as transcriptional repressors and both have been shown to inhibit myogenesis (Carlson et al, 2002; Zhu et al, 2014). Abnormal expression of TBX2 has been reported in several cancers including breast, pancreas, and melanoma, where it has been shown to drive proliferation (reviewed in Abrahams et al (2010)). As has been previously shown in other cell types, TBX2 was found to induce a downregulation of p14/19ARF and function as a direct repressor of p21 in RMS" SIGNOR-249594 MYT1L protein Q9UL68 UNIPROT Demyelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH155 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 29397565 f miannu "Myt1L (myelin transcription factor 1-like), mainly expressed in neurons, has been associated with intellectual disability, schizophrenia, and depression. In the present study, we found that Myt1L was expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during myelination and remyelination." SIGNOR-266779 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205615 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 18852293 t lperfetto "Downstream intracellular signaling from the IL-4IL-4Rc complex involves activation of the Jak1 and Jak3 kinases, phosphorylation of the Stat6 transcription factor, and activation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 and Dok2-signaling intermediates. IL-13 initially binds to IL-13R1 with intermediate affinity, and then heterodimerizes with IL-4R. The IL-13IL-13R1IL-4R complex activates the Tyk2, Jak2, and Jak1 kinases and Stat6." SIGNOR-249532 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SUMO2 protein P61956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23530056 t miannu "Arkadia ubiquitinates poly-SUMO2 chains in a SIM- and RING-dependent manner." SIGNOR-272882 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser74 EFEELTMsQKNGGNV 27879648 t lperfetto "Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a key enzyme in deoxyribonucleoside salvage and the anti-tumor activity for many nucleoside analogs. dCK is activated in response to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage and it is phosphorylated on Serine 74 by the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase in order to activate the cell cycle G2/M checkpoint." SIGNOR-275798 EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates deubiquitination 9606 21124883 t gcesareni "The activated form of notch needs to be deubiquitinated before being processed by the gamma-secretase activity and entering the nucleus, where it fulfills its transcriptional function. The enzyme accounting for this deubiquitinase activity is eif3f, known so far as a translation initiation factor." SIGNOR-254327 ESRRA protein P11474 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000154 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253794 FOXS1 protein O43638 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9913 18288644 t Luana "Fkhl18 suppressed the transcriptional activity of FoxO3a and FoxO4." SIGNOR-261610 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr666 GWMEDYDyVHLQGKE 9606 11604500 t lperfetto "The loss of activity in the cas-f668/f670 mutant is consistent with the notion that src, once initially bound by its sh3 domain, phosphorylates the tyr668/670 site to further stabilize its interaction by sh2 binding." SIGNOR-111060 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr191 SRLLHSDyMNMTPRR 8992971 t "EMT can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the CD28 tail. in vivo, tyrosines other than tyrosine 173 become phosphorylated following CD28 stimulation, this finding suggests that, like LCK, one function of EMT during CD28 signaling is phosphorylation of the receptor." SIGNOR-251336 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr336 TQTSDTAtNSTLPSA -1 7836371 t gcesareni "Kinetic studies demonstrated that GRK2 has a Km for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the FPR of approximately 1.5 microM and that denaturation of the substrate results in an almost complete loss of phosphorylation [€] simultaneous substitution of the upstream Ser328, Thr329, Thr331, and Ser332 or merely the Ser328 and Thr329 residues resulted in an approximately 80% reduction in phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249686 MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT SPRY2 protein O43597 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser121 VSSGSRSsTRTSTSS 9606 19864419 t llicata "The spry2/nedd4 association involves the ww domains of nedd4 and requires phosphorylation of the mnk2 kinase sites, ser(112) and ser(121), on spry2. mnk2 silencing decreased spry2-nedd4 interactions and also augmented the ability of spry2 to inhibit fibroblast growth factor signaling. endogenous and overexpressed nedd4 polyubiquitinate spry2 via lys(48) on ubiquitin and decrease its stability." SIGNOR-188893 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19725819 f areggio "In response toincreases in intracellular Ca2+ levels, activated CaMKII translocates into the nucleus where it phosphorylates and deactivates HDAC4 which, as a result, dissociates from theDNA-binding domain of MEF2. This dissociation allows MEF2 to bind to its DNA-binding domain to activate transcription of the MEF2-dependent target gene products MyoD and myogenin" SIGNOR-255956 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT BEST1 protein O76090 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20530484 f miannu "BEST1 promoter activity was increased by SOX9 overexpression and decreased by siRNA-mediated SOX9 knockdown. SOX9 physically interacted with MITF and OTX2 and orchestrated synergistic activation of the BEST1 promoter with the paired SOX site playing essential roles." SIGNOR-255185 D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "D-serine acts in concert with L-glutamate (triangles) to activate NMDA receptors|D-serine released from astrocytes seems to be an endogenous ligand of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (3, 8). Depletion of endogenous D-serine in slices and cultured cells strongly diminishes NMDA receptor responses measured biochemically and electrophysiologically" SIGNOR-268277 GRIPAP1 protein Q4V328 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181;BTO:0000142 17761173 t Giorgia "To examine whether GRASP‐1 interacts with MEKK1 and JNK1 in neurons, co‐immunoprecipitation experiments were performed with detergent‐solubilized extracts from cultured cortical neurons. Both antiJNK1 and anti‐MEKK1 antibodies immunoprecipitated GRASP‐1 from neuronal lysates. These results suggest that GRASP‐1 interacts with MEKK1 and JNK1 in neurons. GRASP-1 potently activates JNK pathway signaling, with no effect on ERK signaling. Such JNK pathway activating activity requires binding of GRASP-1 to both JNK and the upstream JNK pathway activator MEKK-1." SIGNOR-260639 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10712517 t gcesareni "Using several complementary approaches, we investigated the formation of homomeric and heteromeric complexes between the two known bmp type i receptors" SIGNOR-75649 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT CARD11 protein Q9BXL7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser644 NLMFRKFsLERPFRP 9606 21157432 t "NF-kappaB activation is triggered by PKCtheta-dependent phosphorylation of Carma1 after TCR/CD28 co-stimulation. PKCtheta-phosphorylated Carma1 was suggested to function as a molecular scaffold that recruits preassembled Bcl10-Malt1 complexes to the membrane|we demonstrate that PP2A removes PKCtheta-dependent phosphorylation of Ser645 in Carma1, and show that maintenance of this phosphorylation is correlated with increased T-cell activation." SIGNOR-248607 IHH protein Q14623 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 14973297 f gcesareni "Ihh is found to be required for bmp-induced os-teogenesis of a limb-bud cell line in culture. Ihh sig-naling is directly required for the osteoblast lineage in developing long bones. Ihh functions in conjunction with other factors such as bmps to induce osteoblast differentiation. In vivo, ihh acts on potential progeni-tor cells to promote osteoblast differentiation and prevent chondrocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-122200 KCNMA1 protein Q12791 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31152168 t miannu "The large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ (BK) channel is a tetramer consisting of four α-subunits encoded by the KCNMA1 gene on chromosome 10q22.3." SIGNOR-269198 AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 dephosphorylation:Ser52 KRVELPDsPRSTFLL 23524951 t lperfetto "In this condition, AMBRA1, interacting with the E3-ligase TRAF6, supports ULK1 ubiquitylation by LYS-63-linked chains, and its subsequent stabilization, self-association and function." SIGNOR-272963 "PIK-75 Hydrochloride" chemical CID:45265864 PUBCHEM PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206211 GABARAPL2 protein P60520 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17580304 t lperfetto "P62 binds both to lc3a and -b and the related gabarap family proteins/this interaction is necessary for autophagic degradation of p62-positive cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing ubiquitinated proteins. We also demonstrate that alis are indistinguisha" SIGNOR-156307 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 10564272 f gcesareni "We found that both smad6 and smad7 inhibit the activation of smad1 and smad5 by bmpr-ia/alk-3 and bmpr-ib/alk-6, as well as that by alk-2" SIGNOR-236848 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser273 AGTRRREsLGKKAKR -1 9677319 t llicata "CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin." SIGNOR-250947 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr394 QSQESEDySQPSTSS 9606 12110584 t gcesareni "C-abl binds and phosphorylates mdm2 in vivo and in vitro;phosphorylation of mdm2 by c-abl impairs the inhibition of p53 by mdm2." SIGNOR-90512 LETM1 protein O95202 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_biogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH32 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 18628306 f lperfetto "We hypothesize a working model of the function of BCS1L and LETM1 in mitochondrial biogenesis (Fig. 8E). Because BCS1L is an AAA-ATPase, the following three functions are downstream targets: (1) respiratory chain assembly, (2) mitochondrial morphology maintenance and, (3) LETM1 complex formation. BCS1L functions directly in the formation of mitochondrial tubular networks, in addition to the assembly of the supercomplexes. LETM1 has a distinct role in maintenance of mitochondrial volume and shapes, which helps – in concert with BCS1L – to achieve the efficient assembly of the respiratory chains." SIGNOR-262545 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT DAPP1 protein Q9UN19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr139 KVEEPSIyESVRVHT -1 11524430 t llicata "We present a number of lines of evidence that in vivo, Src-type tyrosine kinases are responsible for the phosphorylation of tyrosine 139 in DAPP-1. | Although Btk appears to phosphorylate DAPP-1 relatively efficiently both in Sf9 cells and in vitro, we find no evidence that in either B cells or PAE cells Btk family kinases phosphorylate DAPP-1." SIGNOR-250602 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220-1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 12773552 t miannu "We conclude that C/EBP-β can directly bind to the N-terminal Q1 domain of CREB in addition to binding to the leucine zipper domain. The transactivation potential of full-length CREB fused to the DNA-binding domain of Gal4 was increased synergistically by calcium and cGMP, and overexpression of C/EBP-β enhanced the effect, while a dominant negative C/EBP inhibited it" SIGNOR-263654 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 24157836 t miannu "FBXL5 is located in the nucleus where it interacts with Snail1 promoting its polyubiquitination and affecting Snail1 protein stability and function by impairing DNA binding. Snail1 is ubiquitinated by the SCFFBXL5 complex. Snail1 downregulation by FBXL5 is prevented by Lats2, a protein kinase that phosphorylates Snail1 precluding its nuclear export but not its polyubiquitination. To demonstrate that FBXL5 has a direct activity on Snail1, we carried out polyubiquitination reactions in vitro. For this we purified Snail1 and the SCFFBXL5 complex from Sf9 insect cells infected with different baculoviruses corresponding to Flag-FBXL5, His-Skp1, HA-Cullin1 and Rbx1 (Supplementary Figure S3C)." SIGNOR-272135 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1175 AQQDGKDyIVLPISE 9606 19136612 t "VE-PTP/VEGFR2 complex formation resumes with time, leading to dephosphorylation and deactivation of VEGFR2 (right). B) In VE-PTP-deficient cells, such as after siRNA treatment, VEGFR2 activation (middle) is exaggerated, leading to increased phosphorylation at the Y951 and Y1175 phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-248441 RAPGEF5 protein Q92565 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183738 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24058639 f miannu "Fli1 functions as a potent transcriptional repressor of the col1a2 gene" SIGNOR-202685 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12138125 t "Dyrk1 acts synergistically with Shh to induce transcription of a Gli-promoter-driven luciferase reporter gene and of endogenous alkaline phosphatase." gcesareni "Dyrk1 phosphorylates gli1 on more than one domain." SIGNOR-90809 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ARHGEF4 protein Q9NR80 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr165 VGSEEDLyDDLHSSS 9606 BTO:0000017 18653540 t llicata "This observation strongly argues for the positive role of tyr94 phosphorylation in egf-induced asef activation following the activation of rac1." SIGNOR-179601 pemetrexed chemical CHEBI:63616 ChEBI TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205933 AFF4 protein Q9UHB7 UNIPROT "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 20153263 t 1 miannu "These data demonstrate that AF4, AF5q31 and ENL associate in an endogenous higher-order complex (hereafter referred to as AEP for the AF4 family/ENL family/P-TEFb complex) containing P-TEFb in hematopoietic lineage cells." SIGNOR-239224 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBA8 protein Q9NY65 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116826 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT ACTA2 protein P62736 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000764 20846954 f Regulation miannu "We used diploid human lung fibroblasts (WI38 cells) induced by TGFβ to differentiate into myofibroblast-like cells. In order to characterize this system, we first studied the expression of the myofibroblast marker genes ACTA2 (coding for smooth muscle α-actin; SMA), COL4A1 (encoding collagen type IV α1) and SM22A (coding for smooth muscle protein 22-α). As shown in Figure 1A and B, TGFβ induced the expression all three genes." SIGNOR-251923 KHK protein P50053 UNIPROT PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr225 LVDDMADtCGTICHA 29074724 t lperfetto "Ketohexokinase-A (KHK-A; also known as fructokinase-A) phosphorylates PRPS1 T225 and activates PRPS1 by blocking the binding of ADP, AMP, and GDP, which is required for hepatocellular carcinoma development" SIGNOR-265735 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 9381178 t "Active Akt induced a significant increase in BAD phosphorylation. mutant BAD with alanine substitutions at Ser112 and Ser136 was not phosphorylated by active Akt . phosphorylation of BAD by Akt will preclude its binding to membrane-anchored Bcl-xL, leading to increased cell survival." SIGNOR-252562 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 t "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-256104 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser403 PEEFISLsPPHEALD 9606 10428966 t lperfetto "These results suggest that tfiih-mediated phosphorylation of e2f-1 plays a role in triggering e2f-1 degradation during s phase. here we show that the e2f-1 activation domain interacts with a kinase activity which phosphorylates two sites, ser403 and thr433, within the activation domain." SIGNOR-69776 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32283152 f miannu "High levels of expression of IL-1B, IFN-γ, IP-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) have been detected in patients with COVID-19. These inflammatory cytokines may activate the T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell response. Th1 activation is a key event in the activation of specific immunity." SIGNOR-261026 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000849 19273910 f miannu "Overexpression of SOX9 in both human and mouse melanoma cell lines induced cell cycle arrest by increasing p21 transcription and restored sensitivity to RA by downregulating expression of PRAME, a melanoma antigen." SIGNOR-255190 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR ORC2 protein Q13416 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr226 SAPVGKEtPSKRMKR 9606 11931757 t lperfetto "We also found that horc2p is phosphorylated in vitro by cyclin a/cdk2, specifically at residues thr116 and thr226. These data combined strongly suggest that skp2 promotes horc1p turnover and that the n-terminal domain of horc1p, containing most of the phosphorylation sites and overlapping with one of the skp2-interacting domains, is a regulatory element for horc1p stability." SIGNOR-217308 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Pro54 NPNDKYEpFWEDEEK -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263578 APC protein P25054 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9734785 t lperfetto "Axin, an inhibitor of the wnt pathway, interacts with beta-catenin, gsk-3beta and apc and reduces the beta-catenin level." SIGNOR-227296 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAT2 protein P19087 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-148534 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser721 PVVSGDTsPRHLSNV 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Dyrk1a phosphorylates tau at least at s202, t212 and s404, but t212 phosphorylation is known to initiate tau hyperphosphorylation by gsk3b (ryoo et al., 2007;woods et al., 2001) and has been demonstrated to have a role in alternative splicing of taumrna" SIGNOR-171034 "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 14684878 t miannu "Here we show that cortactin is concentrated with F-actin in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons but is redistributed to the dendritic shaft in response to NMDA receptor activation. these findings indicate that the translocation of cortactin is induced by the activation of NMDA receptors." SIGNOR-266601 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT ABCG2 protein Q9UNQ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21526180 f miannu "we demonstrated that SALL4 was able to bind to the promoter region of ABCA3 and activate its expression while regulating the expression of ABCG2 indirectly. SALL4 expression was positively correlated to those of ABCG2 and ABCA3 in primary leukemic patient samples" SIGNOR-255122 ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 23776207 f lperfetto "Activation of ARF6 promotes cortical actin assembly (9) and plasma membrane remodeling " SIGNOR-272236 TRRAP protein Q9Y4A5 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269589 TEAD proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF22 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23431053 t miannu "YAP/TAZ do not contain intrinsic DNA-binding domains but instead bind to the promoters of target genes by interacting with DNA-binding transcription factors. YAP/TAZ mainly bind to the transcription factors TEAD1–4 to regulate genes involved in cell proliferation and cell death" SIGNOR-230719 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT "MTA1/DJ1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C123 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21368136 t 1 miannu "We found that the MTA1/DJ1 complex is required for optimum stimulation of the TH expression by paired like homeodomain transcription factor (Pitx3) homeodomain transcription factor and that the MTA1/DJ1 complex is recruited to the TH gene chromatin via the direct interaction of MTA1 with Pitx3." SIGNOR-239739 MYT1L protein Q9UL68 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 28379941 t miannu "ChIP–seq experiments showed that 80% of Myt1l targets, including the transcription factor Hes1, were co-bound by the repressive Sin3b–HDAC1 complex early during reprogramming" SIGNOR-266775 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259002 ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21460634 t lperfetto "Here we report that ulk1/2 in turn phosphorylates all three subunits of ampk and thereby negatively regulates its activity. Thus, we propose that ulk1 is not only involved in the induction of autophagy, but also in terminating signaling events that trigger autophagy. In our model, phosphorylation of ampk by ulk1 represents a negative feedback circuit." SIGNOR-209916 LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000661 10811803 t "Our results showed that three distal tyrosines, Tyr(171), Tyr(191), and Tyr(226), are responsible for Grb2-binding;" SIGNOR-251521 MYOF protein Q9NZM1 UNIPROT Myoblast_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH98 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23612709 f "Activated NFATc2 stimulates myoblast fusion through the increased production of IL-4 and myoferlin" SIGNOR-255466 Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 27920254 f miannu "Stress granules (SGs) are large macromolecular aggregates that contain translation initiation complexes and mRNAs. Stress granule formation coincides with translational repression, and stress granules actively signal to mediate cell fate decisions by signaling to the translation apparatus to (i) maintain translational repression, (ii) mount various transcriptional responses, including innate immunity, and (iii) repress apoptosis." SIGNOR-260866 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 9606 10644693 t "The human Cdc14 phosphatases interact with and dephosphorylate the tumor suppressor protein p53|. Furthermore, the hCdc14 phosphatases were found to dephosphorylate p53 specifically at the p34Cdc2/clb phosphorylation site (p53-phosphor-Ser315)|Earlier studies showed that Ser315 phosphorylation increases the sequence-specific DNA binding capacity of p53, suggesting that Ser315 phosphorylation is an activating modification" SIGNOR-248332 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser396 DDKKAKTsTRSSAKT 9606 BTO:0000007 14761950 t lperfetto "Casein kinase 1 delta phosphorylates tau and disrupts its binding to microtubules.Here we characterized the contribution of one ck1 isoform, ckidelta, to the phosphorylation of tau at residues ser202/thr205 and ser396/ser404 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells." SIGNOR-121709 TFAP2C protein Q92754 UNIPROT CRABP2 protein P29373 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002828 17187826 f miannu "Comparative cDNA microarray hybridization identified a set of genes induced by overexpression of AP2alpha and AP2gamma in HMECs. The up-regulation of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABPII), EST-1, and ECM1 was induced by overexpression of AP2alpha, AP2gamma, or a chimeric AP2 factor in which the activation domain of AP2alpha was replaced by the activation domain of herpesvirus VP16." SIGNOR-255398 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser811 IYISPLKsPYKISEG 9606 15741232 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation was observed 6 hours after p25 induction and was abolished in the presence of a cdk5 inhibitor, roscovitine, which does not inhibit the usual rb cyclin-d kinases cdk4 and cdk6. Furthermore, analyses of levels and subcellular localization of cdk-related cyclins did not reveal any change following cdk5 activation, arguing for a direct effect of cdk5 activity on rb protein. Rb phosphorylation was visualized using phosphorylation-dependent antibodies (p-rbser795 and p-rbser807/811)." SIGNOR-134468 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT PON1 protein P27169 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 15380450 f miannu "These data suggest that Sp1 acts as a positive regulator of PON1 transcription, and that an interaction between Sp1 and PKC is a key mechanism for the effect of Sp1 on PON1 transcription." SIGNOR-255212 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 21408055 f "andrea cerquone perpetuini" "We have demonstrated that following muscle damage, phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) in SCs increases early (within one hour), inducing downstream target genes (i.e. GP130 and SOCS3), which further regulate the increase in STAT3 production and response (as induced via IL-6), leading to increased cMyc expression, which drives cell proliferation" SIGNOR-255414 RAD50 protein Q92878 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 10426999 t amattioni "Brca1 interacts in vitro and in vivo with hrad50. Brca1 is important for the cellular responses to dna damage that are mediated by the hrad50-hmre11-p95 complex." SIGNOR-69701 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT MEP1B protein Q16820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser687 KKYRERMsSNRPNLT 9534 12941954 t miannu "These findings suggest that activation of a protein kinase, presumably PKC, mediates PMA-induced hmeprinβ shedding. By labeling COS-1 cells transfected with mutant constructs lacking the potential phosphorylation sites, we identified Ser687 as the main 32P-acceptor. These data provide evidence that the cytoplasmic domain of hmeprinβ can function as a PKC substrate." SIGNOR-263173 CBX3 protein Q13185 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264496 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PITPNM1 protein O00562 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1223 AEREGPGtPPTTLAR 9606 15125835 t lperfetto "Both cdk1 and erk2 induced phosphorylation of the wild-type nir2. Substitution of t794 by alanine reduced the phosphorylation by erk2, whereas the double mutations t794/1223a completely abolished it. The requirement of multiple nir2 phosphorylation sites for plk1 binding may provide a mechanism that sets a threshold for the nir2-plk1 interaction during mitosis." SIGNOR-124646 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C508 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270900 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10929711 f gcesareni "Smac promotes caspase-9 activation by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, iaps, and removing their inhibitory activity." SIGNOR-80215 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser304 LSPAFDHsPNKIMTE 9606 15030318 t llicata "Our studies identify ser-304 as a major phosphorylation site in human tcptp, and the tc45 variant as a novel mitotic cdk substrate." SIGNOR-123467 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 27154742 f lperfetto "Leptin binding inhibits the neuropeptide Y/agouti-related protein (NPY/AgRP) production and stimulates pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) production" SIGNOR-253076 MAPK12/CARM1 complex SIGNOR-C218 SIGNOR SNTB1 protein Q13884 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 29681515 t apalma "Basal localization of the p38γ/p-Carm1 complex in muscle stem cells occurs via binding to the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) through β1-syntrophin. In dystrophin-deficient muscle stem cells undergoing asymmetric division, p38γ/β1-syntrophin interactions are abrogated" SIGNOR-255978 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT DGKD protein Q16760 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser70 QNNSFQRsKRRYFKL 9534 15228384 t lperfetto "The plasma membrane translocation of diacylglycerol kinase delta1 is negatively regulated by conventional protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation at Ser-22 and Ser-26 within the pleckstrin homology domain." SIGNOR-249266 pimozide chemical CHEBI:8212 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258379 DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34674502 t scontino "Thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases play a pivotal role in the functional diversification of TH signaling. They are involved in development, growth, and metabolic processes, and act in a cell-specific manner in the fine regulation of TH homeostasis. TH deiodinases catalyze activation and inactivation of THs through the removal of one iodine atom in the outer or inner ring of the TH molecule.¬†" SIGNOR-267045 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 20626350 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "The p38 mapk pathway can positevely regulate nf-kb activity by different mechanisms, including chromatin remodelling through ser10 phosphorylation of histone h3 at nf-kb dependent promoters such as il-8 and mcp or by impinging on ikk or the p65 subunit in a direct or indirect manner." SIGNOR-166602 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT CASC3 protein O15234 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 21478859 t lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263339 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253434 "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 26083061 t lperfetto "Mitochondrial aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase were among the earliest mammalian Fe-S proteins identified.|The enzymatic activity of both proteins depends on the presence of intact Fe-S clusters" SIGNOR-262132 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 9606 15735019 t miannu "Surprisingly, we found that expression of SrcMF or Src251 resulted in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK on Tyr(407), Tyr(576), Tyr(577), and Tyr(861), which are considered to be Src kinase substrates" SIGNOR-150476 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CC2D1A protein Q6P1N0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser208 PASTPTYsPAPTQPA SIGNOR-C17 20171170 t nucleus lperfetto "We identified the Ser208 residue of Aki1 as a cyclin B1–Cdk1 phosphorylation site. Furthermore, cyclin B1–Cdk1 inhibitor treatment was shown to attenuate the level of Aki1 in complex with Scc1, suggesting that Aki1 phosphorylation by cyclin B1–Cdk1 contributes to Aki1–Scc1 complex formation." SIGNOR-268297 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser813 DIYSRRLsQETGLEI 9606 1716180 t lperfetto "Cftr, the protein associated with cystic fibrosis, is phosphorylated on serine residues in response to camp agonists. Serines 660, 737, 795, and 813 were identified as in vivo targets for phosphorylation by protein kinase a.mutagenesis of all four sites abolished the response." SIGNOR-21324 LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256725 85375-15-1 chemical CID:6917797 PUBCHEM SLC6A11 protein P48066 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206990 FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11495919 t amattioni "Ask1 binds fas" SIGNOR-109676 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29161 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269538 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1878 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTT 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273035 CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264489 KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 30759871 t miannu "The KDM4 family of Jumonj domain histone demethylases specifically target di- and tri-methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), removing a modification central to defining heterochromatin and gene repression. The majority of studies regarding its function describe it as an activator that removes repressive H3K9me3 and H3K9me2 at or near regulated promoters in order to facilitate expression of the indicated pathways." SIGNOR-263734 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:29171 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269481 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr664 EGGWMEDyDYVHLQG 9606 11604500 t lperfetto "The loss of activity in the cas-f668/f670 mutant is consistent with the notion that src, once initially bound by its sh3 domain, phosphorylates the tyr668/670 site to further stabilize its interaction by sh2 binding." SIGNOR-111056 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT PGK1 protein P00558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0000972 8089148 f miannu "Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activates erythropoietin gene transcription in Hep3B cells subjected to hypoxia. HIF-1 activity is also induced by hypoxia in non-erythropoietin-producing cells, suggesting a more general regulatory role. We now report that RNAs encoding the glycolytic enzymes aldolase A (ALDA), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), and pyruvate kinase M were induced by exposure of Hep3B or HeLa cells to inducers of HIF-1 (1% O2, cobalt chloride, or desferrioxamine). Sequences from the ALDA, PFKL, and PGK1 genes containing HIF-1 binding sites mediated hypoxia-inducible transcription in transient expression assays." SIGNOR-254424 PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT Glycolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH34 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20640476 f lperfetto "The decreased glycogen synthesis rates upon acute AMPK activation are generally coupled to an increase in the glycolytic flux, thanks to the activation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2) through direct phosphorylation on Ser466 [35]. PFK-2 catalyzes the synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, a potent stimulator of glycolysis. Therefore, activation of AMPK rapidly mobilizes glucose into ATP-generating processes." SIGNOR-209950 C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "C3 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C310 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 cleavage:Arg756;Gly1446 KGQAGLQrALEILQE;TPLQLFEgRRNRRRR 17204478 t "complement C4b fragment: PRO_0000005970" lperfetto "However, following cleavage of C4, C2 binds tightly to C4b to form the C4b2 complex" SIGNOR-263400 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MAZ protein P56270 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser460 PTAVGSLsGAEGVPV 9606 BTO:0000567 10448092 t lperfetto "Site-specific mutagenesis of maz revealed that the serine residue at position 480 was the major site of phosphorylation by ckii both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of maz by ckii at this serine residue was required for maximum binding of maz to the pyrimidine-rich dna of the nuclease-hypersensitive element (nhe) in the 5'-end promoter region of the c-myc gene. Mutation of serine at position 480 to alanine eliminated the dna-binding activity of maz to this element." SIGNOR-70082 BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex I" complex SIGNOR-C242 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30397185 t lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260315 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1234 RDMYDKEyYSVHNKT 9606 18819921 t gcesareni "We have identified ptp1b and tcptp as negative regulators of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, the met receptor-tyrosine kinase. In vivo, loss of ptp1b or tcptp enhances hepatocyte growth factor-mediated phosphorylation of met." SIGNOR-181331 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TPR protein P12270 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2137 EDRTVPStPTLVVPH 9606 18794356 t miannu "Tpr is phosphorylated by erk2 at four different sites. / because phosphorylation of tpr by activated erk stabilizes their interaction, we hypothesize that this phosphorylation is not part of a signal amplification cascade but rather positions activated erk to perform a continuing function in the nuclear pore." SIGNOR-181022 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBB6 protein Q9BUF5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-117109 EXT1/EXT2 complex SIGNOR-C51 SIGNOR "heparan sulfate octasaccharide" smallmolecule CHEBI:142519 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20377530 t miannu "HS (heparan sulfate) is synthesized by HS co-polymerases encoded by the EXT1 and EXT2 genes (exostosin 1 and 2), which are known as causative genes for hereditary multiple exostoses, a dominantly inherited genetic disorder characterized by multiple cartilaginous tumours." SIGNOR-264016 LAMTOR2 protein Q9Y2Q5 UNIPROT LAMTOR complex SIGNOR-C26 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t lperfetto "Mammals express four rag proteinsRaga, ragb, ragc, and ragdthat form heterodimers consisting of raga or ragb with ragc or ragd. Raga and ragb, like ragc and ragd, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-164772 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18554741 f miannu "Endocytosis of the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV Spike Protein Together With Virus Receptor ACE2. Here, we demonstrate that the RBD spike protein alone can be internalized together with ACE2. We propose that after binding to ACE2, the RBD spike protein activates the ACE2 mediated cellular endocytosis signal pathway, by which SARS-CoV enters the susceptible cells." SIGNOR-260235 quizartinib chemical CHEBI:90217 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206331 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 14592976 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Notch-induced degradation requires phosphorylation of E47 by p42/p44 MAP kinases. |Wild_type E47 but not the Mm mutant reacted to the antibodies, suggesting that E47 is at least phosphorylated at the M2 site (Figure 3A)|anti_phospho_M2 peptide (SSPSpTPVGSPQG)" SIGNOR-270009 STC2 protein O76061 UNIPROT STC2/HMOX1 complex SIGNOR-C244 SIGNOR "form complex" binding BTO:0000298 22503972 t Giorgia "Stanniocalcin 2, forms a complex with heme oxygenase 1, binds hemin and is a heat shock protein.|Taken together, our findings point to three novel functions of STC2, and suggest that STC2 interacts with HO1 to form a eukaryotic 'stressosome' involved in the degradation of heme." SIGNOR-260387 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 11160134 f lperfetto "Ly294002 or wortmannin were used to determine whether pi 3-kinasedependent pathways mediate ser307 phosphorylation during insulin/igf-1 or TNF-alpha Stimulation. As expected, the pi-3 kinase inhibitors ly294002 or wortmannin inhibited activation of pkb/akt in insulin or igf-1 stimulated 3t3-l1 preadipocytes, but were without effect on erk1/2. these results suggest that elements of the pi 3-kinase cascade mediate insulin/igf-1stimulated phosphorylation of ser307" SIGNOR-104911 TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 17541280 f "T-bet is crucially implicated in Th1 differentiation due to its strong promoting activity for IFN-gamma gene transcription" SIGNOR-254508 ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C127 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241140 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser474 RTHFPQFsYSASIRE 10090 BTO:0000944 15367694 t "Protein phosphatase 2A negatively regulates insulin's metabolic signaling pathway by inhibiting Akt (protein kinase B) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes" SIGNOR-248631 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 9606 22187936 t gcesareni "Rsk1/2 stabilize c-fos and increases its activity." SIGNOR-191678 TAC1 protein P20366 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 35045339 f lperfetto "Social touch-like tactile stimulation activates a tachykinin 1-oxytocin pathway to promote social interactions|Functionally, activation of PVH-projecting Tac1+ neurons increases firing of oxytocin neurons, promotes social interactions, and increases preference for the social touch context, whereas reducing activity of Tac1+ neurons abolishes ST-induced oxytocin neuronal firing." SIGNOR-268576 FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19022561 t miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254879 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD3E protein P07766 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr188 PPVPNPDyEPIRKGQ 9534 BTO:0004055 11855827 t "Tyrosine Phosphorylation of CD8- Chimeras by Lck and ZAP-70 in COS Cells. both Y170F and Y181F chimeric proteins could be efficiently phosphorylated by Lck in vivo. phosphorylation of Y170 and Y181 within CD3- –ITAM provides to CD3- the potential to interact with multiple downstream effectors and signaling pathways." SIGNOR-251368 JQ1 chemical CHEBI:137113 ChEBI BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20871596 t lperfetto "Enantiomerically pure (+)-JQ1 bound with a Kd of about 50 nM and 90 nM to the first and second bromodomains of BRD4, respectively (Fig. 1c, Supplementary Table 3). Comparable binding to both domains of BRD3 was observed, whereas the first bromodomains of BRDT and BRD2 revealed about 3-fold weaker binding.|Here, we present a first, thoroughly characterized inhibitor of the BET-family of bromodomains." SIGNOR-261987 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23729744 t apalma "The released NICD translocates directly to the nucleus, where it forms a transcriptional complex with the DNA-binding protein CSL (CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, Lag1), Mastermind (Mam) and transcriptional co-activators to drive the expression of Notch target genes" SIGNOR-255377 SAE1 protein Q9UBE0 UNIPROT "SAE1/SAE2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C294 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 15660128 t lperfetto "E1 enzymes facilitate conjugation of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins through adenylation, thioester transfer within E1, and thioester transfer from E1 to E2 conjugating proteins. Structures of human heterodimeric Sae1/Sae2-Mg.ATP and Sae1/Sae2-SUMO-1-Mg.ATP complexes were determined at 2.2 and 2.75 A resolution, respectively." SIGNOR-263003 "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268592 ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15311212 f miannu "known E-cadherin transcriptional repressors, such as SLUG (SNAI2), SIP1 (ZEB2), TWIST1, SNAIL (SNAI1) and ZEB1 (TCF8), but not E12/E47 (TCF3), had a lack of upregulation in cells expressing mutated E-cadherin compared to WT." SIGNOR-255159 "oxotremorine M" chemical CHEBI:38322 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258654 NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1217 PIKNLHSsHSSGLMD 9606 BTO:0000565 28630147 t miannu "Nek7 direct phosphorylation is required for the anaphase localization of Kif14. we generated an EGFP-Kif14-5A construct in which Ser56, Ser607, Ser1217, Ser1219, and Ser1220 were all mutated to Ala. When transfected into HeLa cells, EGFP-Kif14-5A was expressed to similar levels as WT Kif14 (Fig. S3 C), but its localization to the central spindle in anaphase cells was completely abolished (Fig. 6 C)." SIGNOR-266420 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser194 QNRSGAMsPMSWNSD 9606 20890306 t gcesareni "Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) was first identified as an adapter molecule involved in formation of a death-inducing signaling complex upon Fas stimulation| Plk1 phosphorylates fadd at ser-194 in response to treatment with taxol Phosphorylation by polo-like kinase 1 induces the tumor-suppressing activity of FADD" SIGNOR-168204 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000847 19656324 t miannu "Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) binds to melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes to stimulate pigmentation and modulate various cutaneous inflammatory responses." SIGNOR-252370 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000661 10364179 f "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" lperfetto "Caspase-8 triggered rapid cytochrome c release from mitochondria. The effect was indirect." SIGNOR-256473 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr56 FSSQPGHtPHPAASR 9606 10669763 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of the map kinase sites in bcl-2, thr56, thr74, and ser87, is sufficient to inhibit tnf--induced degradation. p44mapk/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) and p42 mapk/erk2 are activated by il-3, colocalize with mitochondrial bcl2, and can directly phosphorylate bcl2 on ser-70 in a stauro-resistant manner both_ in vitro_ and_ in vivo." SIGNOR-74939 DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9215629 t gcesareni "A c-terminal portion of daxx interacts with the fas death domain. The fas-binding domain of daxx is a dominant-negative inhibitor of both fas-induced apoptosis and jnk activation." SIGNOR-49473 linifanib chemical CHEBI:91435 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193663 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 10777564 t gcesareni "Wnt ligands working through frizzled receptors have a differential ability to stimulate release of intracellular calcium (ca(2+)) and activation of protein kinase c (pkc)." SIGNOR-76991 budesonide chemical CHEBI:3207 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 9753485 t "Crohn's Disease" gcesareni SIGNOR-251690 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257961 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr291 DDQRSMGyDDLDYGM -1 11382764 t lperfetto "Identification of Src phosphorylation sites in the catenin p120ctn.Using selected tyrosine to phenylalanine p120 mutants as dominant negative reagents, it may now be possible to selectively block events postulated to be dependent on p120 tyrosine phosphorylation.combinations of Tyr _ Phe mutations at residues 96, 112, 228, 257, 280, 291, 296, and 302" SIGNOR-246496 PKN3 protein Q6P5Z2 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser428 PAEGKRLsASSTGST -1 30422386 t lperfetto "These results verified the presence of a PKN3 phosphorylation motif in the sequence surrounding Ser432 and indicated that PKN3 phosphorylates p130Cas on Ser432 in vitro.|Human Ser428 of p130Cas corresponds to mouse p130Cas Ser432|" SIGNOR-264574 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19609947 t lperfetto "Our data suggest that the stimulation of nfkb by akt is dependent on the phosphorylation of p65 at s534, mediated by ikk (ikb kinase) alfa and beta." SIGNOR-216365 RBBP7 protein Q16576 UNIPROT HNuRF complex SIGNOR-C448 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14609955 t miannu "hNURF is a chromatin remodeler. Here, we describe the purification of the first human SNF2L complex. The subunit composition suggests that it represents the human ortholog of the dNURF complex. In this regard, the hNURF complex also contains BPTF and RbAP46/48. Surprisingly, hNURF does not contain the inorganic pyrophosphatase protein NURF38. Nonetheless, the biochemical activity of hNURF is similar as it displayed predominantly nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity, as well as potent chromatin-remodeling activity on oligonucleosomal arrays." SIGNOR-268815 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT TXN protein P10599 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000552 18629308 f miannu "When overexpressed in HaCaT cells, NRF2 was also directly involved in not only the up-regulation of the detoxification gene thioredoxin but also K16 gene expression." SIGNOR-254646 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GJB1 protein P08034 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser233 NPPSRKGsGFGHRLS 8390988 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of connexin-32 by protein kinase C prevents its proteolysis by mu-calpain and m-calpain. |In agreement with other authors (see Saez et al., 1990b), we have found that phosphorylation of connexin-32 by protein kinase A and protein kinase C occurs in serine residues, although we have detected trace amounts of phosphothreonine in connexin-32 phosphorylated by protein kinase C (results not shown). Indeed, Se233 has been shown to be the major phosphorylation site catalyzed by protein kinase A. However, Ser233, Ser239, and perhaps other serines are phosphorylated by protein kinase C (Saez et al., 1990b)." SIGNOR-248920 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1948 SPTSPGYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273036 Monobutylphthalate chemical CHEBI:88522 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000816 16326050 t miannu "Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and mono-n-butyl phthalate activation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors alpha and gamma in breast" SIGNOR-268750 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser213 PLLARSPsTNRKYPP 9606 11676480 t lperfetto "In this process, PTPalpha Ser-180 and Ser-204 phosphorylation is critical for the induction of phosphatase activity, which is required for dephosphorylation of pp60(c-src). Taken together, we demonstrate the physical and functional association between PI 3-kinase, PKCdelta and PTPalpha in a signaling complex that mediates the antitumor activity of the somatostatin analogue TT-232." SIGNOR-249114 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CARHSP1 protein Q9Y2V2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser52 TRRTRTFsATVRASQ 9606 BTO:0000671 15910284 t lperfetto "These and other results demonstrate that crhsp24 is phosphorylated at ser52 by pkbalpha in response to igf-1, at ser52 by pkbalpha and rsk in response to egf" SIGNOR-252478 CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 16917108 f Regulation miannu "CRP significantly decreased IL-10 mRNA stability" SIGNOR-251825 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 32118033 t lperfetto "These results point toward a novel mechanism by which FUS targets neuronal mRNA and given that these PSD-95 and Shank1 3'-UTR G quadruplex structures are also targeted by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), they raise the possibility that FUS and FMRP might work together to regulate the translation of these neuronal mRNA targets.|As seen in Figure 7 (top panel), both PSD-95 Q1-Q2 and Shank1a GQ probes pulled down endogenous FUS, whereas their M2 mutants did not, indicating that the GQ structure is sufficient for recognition." SIGNOR-262104 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr390 DSKFTRQtPVDSPDD 9606 11914378 t "Thr229 phosphorylation requires prior phosphorylation of the Ser/Thr-Pro sites in the autoinhibitory domain and Thr389 in the linker domain,[…] Moreover, in vitro mTOR directly phosphorylates Ser371, and this event modulates Thr389phosphorylation by mTOR, compatible with earlier in vivo findings." SIGNOR-255839 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 24841198 f lperfetto "Moreover, SIK2 was shown to down-regulate the carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP)-mediated lipogenesis in hepatocytes through the inhibitory phosphorylation of p300/Ser89 and to prevent steatosis in mice" SIGNOR-265746 USP10 protein Q14694 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 SIGNOR-C242 21962518 t lperfetto "Similarly, the overexpression of USP13 reduced the levels of ubiquitinated Beclin1 which was inhibited by spautin-1 (Figure 4E)" SIGNOR-260299 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT CARD11 protein Q9BXL7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser644 NLMFRKFsLERPFRP 9606 BTO:0000782 21157432 t lperfetto "NF-kappaB activation is triggered by PKCteta-dependent phosphorylation of Carma1 after TCR/CD28 co-stimulation. PKCteta-phosphorylated Carma1 was suggested to function as a molecular scaffold that recruits preassembled Bcl10-Malt1 complexes to the membrane|we demonstrate that PP2A removes PKCteta-dependent phosphorylation of Ser645 in Carma1, and show that maintenance of this phosphorylation is correlated with increased T-cell activation." SIGNOR-249193 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr406 AVYTKMMtKKPGMFF 9606 BTO:0000007 29138396 t lperfetto "We find that Plk1 interacts with and directly phosphorylates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). By activating G6PD through promoting the formation of its active dimer, Plk1 increases PPP flux and directs glucose to the synthesis of macromolecules.|the kinase domain of Plk1 phosphorylates T406, T466 of G6PD" SIGNOR-267580 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr896 EPKSPGEyVNIEFGS 10029 BTO:0000246 7651388 t lperfetto "Therefore, during insulin stimulation irs-1 undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation, and a portion of tyrosine phosphorylated irs-1 associated with the insulin receptor. The insulin receptor substrate-1 (irs-1) is rapidly phosphorylated on several tyrosine residues by the activated insulin receptor. Insulin signals are mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs-1) and shc by the activated insulin receptor (ir)." SIGNOR-236745 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF8 protein Q5T0T0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271098 CAV3 protein P56539 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255997 SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 25624485 t "Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity." gcesareni "Because the KRAS-GDP to KRAS-GTP transition catalyzed by the GEF, son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), represents the rate-limiting step for nucleotide exchange, disrupting the activating SOS1/KRAS protein interaction has also been the focus of drug development efforts" SIGNOR-122075 "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR NANOS1 protein Q8WY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31320642 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in bulk mRNA decay, CCR4-NOT can also catalyze the deadenylation or promote translational repression of specific mRNA targets to which it is recruited by RNA binding proteins, such as Nanos, Roquin and Puf/Pumilio proteins" SIGNOR-268346 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr577 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 10090 15206906 t "RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) is activated via the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway by phosphorylation on four sites: Ser227 in the activation loop of the N-terminal kinase domain, Ser369 in the linker, Ser386 in the hydrophobic motif and Thr577 in the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK2. In the present study, we demonstrate that RSK2 is associated in vivo with PP2Cdelta (protein phosphatase 2Cdelta). In epidermal growth factorstimulated cells, RSK2 is partially dephosphorylated on all four sites in an Mn2+-dependent manner, leading to reduced protein kinase activity" SIGNOR-248323 POLE4 protein Q9NR33 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase epsilon" complex SIGNOR-C377 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10801849 t lperfetto "Identification and cloning of two histone fold motif-containing subunits of HeLa DNA polymerase epsilon." SIGNOR-265521 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1679 NVKSKIGsTDNIKYQ 9606 BTO:0000567 11029056 t miannu "CAMP-dependent protein kinase activity disrupts the MAP2-microtubule interaction in living HeLa cells. S319, S350, and S382 were thus identified as preferred targets of PKA" SIGNOR-250001 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SAT1 protein P21673 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser146 FYKRRGAsDLSSEEG -1 8954982 t llicata "Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates recombinant human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase on both serine and threonine residues. | suggesting that the Ser-phosphorylated residues are located in the C-terminus of the protein, probably Ser 146 and 149." SIGNOR-250949 HERC5 protein Q9UII4 UNIPROT NME2 protein P22392 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18535780 t miannu "HERC5 is required for ubiquitination of Nm23B. In summary, Nm23B ubiquitination is mediated by HERC5. Stable Nm23B protein in presence of HERC5 as well as proteasome-independent ubiquitination suggest that ubiquitination of Nm23B serves a different purpose than marking it for degradation." SIGNOR-271778 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT unknown "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 11517191 f "ER beta and ER alpha induced the expression of several endogenous genes such as pS2, TGF alpha, or the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 but, in contrast to ER alpha, ER beta was unable to regulate c-myc proto-oncogene expression" SIGNOR-253941 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1191 GELSRSPsPFTHTHL 9606 BTO:0000551 19683496 t gcesareni "However, shrna-mediated depletion of cdk1 alone or small molecule cdk1 inhibition abrogated s phase cell-cycle arrest and the phosphorylation of a subset of atr/atm targets after dna damage. Loss of dna damage-induced checkpoint control was caused by a reduction in formation of brca1-containing foci. Mutation of brca1 at s1497 and s1189/s1191 resulted in loss of cdk1-mediated phosphorylation and also compromised formation of brca1-containing foci." SIGNOR-187599 PPP1R3B protein Q86XI6 UNIPROT GYS2 protein P54840 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000759 36551183 t miannu "In the liver, PTG and PPP1R3B(GL)are expressed at roughly equivalent levels [55], and they jointly promote hepatic glycogen mobilization and storage. PTG overexpression significantly increased glycogen content, mainly due to its ability to promote the redistribution of PP1 and glycogen synthase to glycogen granules, significantly increasing GS activity and glycogen synthesis (Figure 2)" SIGNOR-271732 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser660 QSEFEGFsFVNSEFL 10116 15880462 t "Inhibition of PP2A increased phosphorylation at Ser660 that determines calcium sensitivity and activity of PKCbetaII isoform" SIGNOR-248621 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr641 TRHPPVLtPPDQEVI 10116 8749392 t "Specifically, the threonine at position 500 (T500) on the activation loop, and T641 and S660 on the carboxyl terminus of protein kinase C beta II are phosphorylated in vivo. T500 and S660 are selectively dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatase 2A to yield an enzyme that is still capable of lipid-dependent activation, whereas all three residues are dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 to yield an inactive enzyme." SIGNOR-248622 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr7 tSAARRSY -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. The sites phosphorylated by aurora-b;thr-7/ser-13/ser-38 of gfap, and thr-16 of desmin are common with those related to rho-associated kinase (rho-kinase), which has been reported to phosphorylate gfap and desmin at cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We identified ser-59 of desmin to be a specific site phosphorylated by aurora-b in vitro." SIGNOR-100173 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser88 FDGIWKAsFTTFTVT -1 8058322 t llicata "Here, we have identified this serine kinase activity as a casein kinase II-like enzyme, since the phosphorylation of caveolin-rich membrane domains is stimulated and inhibited by known effectors of casein kinase II (poly-L-lysine, endogenous polyamines, and a casein kinase II inhibitor peptide), but is unaffected by modulators of other known kinases. In support of these observations, caveolin contains a consensus sequence for casein kinase II phosphorylation in its cytoplasmic N-terminal domain (Ser-88)" SIGNOR-250981 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PCYT1A protein P49585 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 GRMLQAIsPKQSPSS 9606 BTO:0000763 15788406 t gcesareni "Oxysterols inhibit phosphatidylcholine synthesis via erk docking and phosphorylation of ctp:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Mutagenesis of ser315 within cctalpha was both required and sufficient to confer significant resistance to 22-hc/9-cis-ra inhibition of ptdcho synthesis." SIGNOR-134841 SLC36A1 protein Q7Z2H8 UNIPROT glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12748860 t lperfetto "Both PAT1 and PAT2 mediate 1:1 symport of protons and small neutral amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.|The first member of the SLC36 family, present in both intracellular and plasma membranes, was identified independently as a lysosomal amino acid transporter (LYAAT1) responsible for the export of lysosomal proteolysis products into the cytosol and as a proton/amino acid transporter (PAT1) responsible for the absorption of amino acids in the gut." SIGNOR-264737 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT RHOT2 protein Q8IXI1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 22078885 t miannu "PINK1 phosphorylates Miro, a component of the primary motor/adaptor complex that anchors kinesin to the mitochondrial surface. The phosphorylation of Miro activates proteasomal degradation of Miro in a Parkin-dependent manner. in Miro1, Ser156 (homologous to Ser182 in Drosophila) and Thr298, 299 (homologous to Ser324, 325 in Drosophila, Figure 6C)." SIGNOR-272727 "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR FANCI protein Q9NVI1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 18985065 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FANCD2 and Fanconi anemia core components (broken pink circles) affects the efficiency of, but is not essential for, ID ubiquitination by the FA core complex, together with E1 and UBE2T. Analogously, ubiquitination of FANCD2 (solid orange ovals) is essential for DNA repair, activating the ID complex for chromatin binding" SIGNOR-263267 DHX9 protein Q08211 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30137501 t miannu "A DNA-sensing-independent Role of a Nuclear RNA Helicase, DHX9, in Stimulation of NF-κB-mediated Innate Immunity Against DNA Virus Infection. Taken together, our results show a critical role of nuclear DHX9 (as a transcription coactivator) in the stimulation of NF-κB-mediated innate immunity against DNA virus infection, independently of DHX9's DNA-sensing function. DHX9 interacts with NF-κB p65 and RNAPII in the nucleus during DNA virus infection" SIGNOR-260947 CLIP2 protein Q9UDT6 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 15631994 f lperfetto "CLIP-associating protein (CLASP) 1 and CLASP2 are mammalian microtubule (MT) plus-end binding proteins, which associate with CLIP-170 and CLIP-115.|We demonstrate that the middle part of CLASPs binds directly to EB1 and to MTs. | Both EB1- and cortex-binding domains of CLASP are required to promote MT stability." SIGNOR-265095 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664;BTO:0004465 26179066 t lperfetto "In the present study we demonstrate that MYC and its partner MAX bind to the BCR promoter, leading to up-regulation of BCR and BCR/ABL1 at both transcriptional and protein levels.|Here we describe a regulatory pathway modulating BCR and BCR/ABL1 expression, showing that the BCR promoter is under the transcriptional control of the MYC/MAX heterodimer." SIGNOR-272143 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14583461 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-118890 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr478 CNENFKKtFKRILHI 9606 BTO:0000975 15107581 t "Translocation from Endosome to Lysosome" fspada "The peptide p10-t478a (thr478 to alanine) was not phosphorylated by pkc, indicating that thr478 can be phosphorylated by pkc." SIGNOR-124356 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 22378047 f "IL-10 activates STAT3-mediated expression of genes (Il10, Tgfb1, Mrc1) associated with an M2-like phenotype" SIGNOR-254517 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34674502 t scontino "Thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases play a pivotal role in the functional diversification of TH signaling. They are involved in development, growth, and metabolic processes, and act in a cell-specific manner in the fine regulation of TH homeostasis. TH deiodinases catalyze activation and inactivation of THs through the removal of one iodine atom in the outer or inner ring of the TH molecule.¬†" SIGNOR-267042 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation." SIGNOR-272710 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19055748 f lperfetto "Taken together these results suggest that SNAI1 functional blockade is leading to partial re-expression of E-cadherin (i.e. at the level of transcription), to a decrease in PAI-1 and to a more collective migration, while the parental cells expressing SNAI1 have less E-cadherin, more PAI 1, and migrate individually. We suggest that the present study establishes a relation between SNAI1 function, PAI-1 distribution and EMT status." SIGNOR-252260 KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30921702 f miannu "KDM5C performs its oncogenic function by suppressing PTEN epigenetically." SIGNOR-264312 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT FXYD1 protein O00168 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser88 RSSIRRLsTRRR 9606 21220422 t llicata "We conclude that phosphorylation of plm increases its oligomerization into tetramers, decreases its binding to nka, and alters the structures of both the tetramer and nka regulatory complex." SIGNOR-171188 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27477906 t lperfetto "We identified ZMYND8 as a transcriptional corepressor of the H3K4 demethylase JARID1D|Co-immunoprecipitation between ectopically expressed FLAG-tagged JARID1D and endogenous ZMYND8 protein." SIGNOR-262037 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr265 KDCGSQKyAYFNGCS 9606 BTO:0000671 24849651 t lperfetto "Tc-ptp dephosphorylates cx43 residues y247 and y265, dephosphorylation maintained cx43 gap junctions at the plaque and partially reversed the channel closure caused by v-src-mediated phosphorylation of cx43." SIGNOR-205101 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 10710310 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-75629 "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" destabilization 10090 BTO:0003569 9233789 t "Here we show that the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system is involved in the regulation of beta-catenin turnover. beta-catenin, but not E-cadherin, p120(cas) or alpha-catenin, becomes stabilized when proteasome-mediated proteolysis is inhibited and this leads to the accumulation of multi-ubiquitinated forms of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-270947 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR CHKB protein Q9Y259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser40 PKRRRASsLSRDAER 27149373 t lperfetto "Choline kinase beta (CKbeta) is one of the CK isozymes involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. | This study provides evidence for CKβ phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA).|Phosphorylation sites were located on CKβ residues serine-39 and serine-40 as determined by mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Phosphorylation increased the catalytic efficiencies for the substrates choline and ATP about 2-fold, without affecting ethanolamine phosphorylation, and the S39D/S40D CKβ phosphorylation mimic behaved kinetically very similar." SIGNOR-275631 N-[4-[2-ethyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91360 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16162000 t miannu "A novel structural class of 4-phenyl-5-pyridyl-1,3-thiazoles was optimized as inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. it only significantly inhibited p38α (IC50 = 7.1 nM) and p38β (IC50 = 200 nM) in a concentration-dependent manner and was approximately 28 times more selective for p38α over p38β." SIGNOR-262223 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 10980603 t gcesareni "Spak, a ste20/sps1-related kinase that activates the p38 pathway. p38, one of the three major mapks, can be coimmunoprecipitated with spak and with nkcc1 in an activity-dependent manner. The amount of p38 coimmunoprecipitated with the kinase and the cotransporter significantly decreases upon cellular stress," SIGNOR-81541 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser539 TSLSPRSsLSSPSPP 9606 21878642 t llicata "We identified the highly conserved ser(539) as the primary phosphorylation site for aurora kinases." SIGNOR-176363 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SMAD1/5/8 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF35 SIGNOR down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "Monoubiquitinated, leading to prevent DNA-binding. Deubiquitination by USP15 alleviates inhibition and promotes activation of TGF-beta target genes" gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degradation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-269847 PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr779 LYKEATStFTNITYR -1 10896934 t miannu "PDK1 specifically phosphorylates Thr-753 in 3. Our data argue that phosphorylation of Thr-753, which is conserved in many subunits, reduces the ability of PTB-containing proteins to bind the NXX(pY) motif in 3." SIGNOR-250264 PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 BTO:0000007 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2–ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark." SIGNOR-264516 IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT KLF15 protein Q9UIH9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23332504 f fspada "Specifically, il-17 suppresses klf15, a pro-adipogenic tf, and enhances expression of klf2 and klf3, which are anti-adipogenic." SIGNOR-192474 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 20081843 t "Here, we identify a mechanism whereby Hh signalling is regulated, in which acetylation of Gli1 at Lys 518 represents a transcriptional inhibitory switch, while its HDAC1-mediated deacetylation is responsible for transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-253544 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser227 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9606 19956600 t gcesareni "We characterize two monoclonal antibodies raised against phosphorylated forms of the n- and c-terminal domain of rsk2 (p-s227 and p-t577, respectively). Using these two antibodies, we show that stress signals, such as uv light, induce phosphorylation and activation of the three rsks." SIGNOR-161924 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr713 SKRNSVDtATSSSLS -1 2117608 t llicata "With all four peptides, prior phosphorylation significantly stimulated phosphorylation by casein kinase I. From these results, we propose that there are substrates for casein kinase I for which prior phosphorylation is a critical determinant of protein kinase action." SIGNOR-250884 LPAR5 protein Q9H1C0 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257284 NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11706036 t gcesareni "The constitutive androstane receptor (car, nr1i4), like fxr and pxr, binds dna as a heterodimer with rxr?" SIGNOR-111624 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16547521 t miannu " KLHL12 recruits Dsh to Cullin-3 for protein degradation. In vitro ubiquitination of Dsh3 by KLHL12–Cullin-3–Roc1. The E3 ligase complex was obtained by transfection of HEK293T cells . We show that the BTB-containing protein KLHL12 negatively regulates Dsh function by recruiting a pool of Dsh to the Cullin-3 ligase scaffold, thereby promoting its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271561 risperidone chemical CHEBI:8871 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0001311 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258526 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17546047 t gcesareni "Diablo seem to function as a general iaps neutralizer by binding to these protein. Diablo promotes casp9 activation by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, iaps, and removing their inhibitory activity. mitochondrial survivin associated with smac/diablo, delaying its release." SIGNOR-155364 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR NCOR1 protein O75376 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1450 TVRSRHTsVVSSGPS 9606 BTO:0001271 23940660 t lperfetto "Akt-induced phosphorylation of n-cor at serine 1450 contributes to its misfolded conformational dependent loss (mcdl) in acute myeloid leukemia of the m5 subtype." SIGNOR-244318 CIT protein O14578 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD -1 21457715 t Giulio "Activation of the catalytic ATPase domain residing in the N‐terminus of the heavy chain relies on the reversible phosphorylation of the associated MLC on Ser19 (monophosphorylation), or in some cases on both Thr18 and Ser19 (diphosphorylation)|We detected Ser19 of MLC as the common phosphorylation site for the catalytic domains of MRCK_/_, ROK_, MLCK and PAK_, but only ROK_ and CRIK are able to phosphorylate both Thr18 and Ser19 residues causing diphosphorylation." SIGNOR-260305 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 BTO:0000007 9373175 t gcesareni "Evidence that the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3_ by IGF-1 is mediated by PDK1/PKB-induced phosphorylation of Ser-9" SIGNOR-242578 SF3B5 protein Q9BWJ5 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270673 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270697 MYO5A protein Q9Y4I1 UNIPROT Dense-core_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH184 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21077886 f miannu "Myosin Va regulates exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs). interestingly, inhibition of myosin Va potentiates LDCV exocytosis to the same extent as F-actin depolymerization does, suggesting that myosin Va cooperates with the actin cytoskeleton to impede or control LDCV exocytosis" SIGNOR-269279 FGF9 protein P31371 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15780951 f "FGF-2 and FGF-9 increased expression of other??osteogenic??factors??BMP-2??and TGFbeta-1." gcesareni "Fgf-2 and fgf-9 increased expression of other osteogenic factors bmp-2 and tgf-beta1, and endogenous fgf/fgfr signaling is a positive upstream regulator of the bmp-2 gene in calvarial osteoblasts." SIGNOR-134794 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252850 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C6 11062529 t gcesareni "The cofactors grip-1, cbp/p300 and pcaf have hat activity and function as co-activators for mef-2c during myogenesis." SIGNOR-83846 SDHC protein Q99643 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II" complex SIGNOR-C278 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex II (EC 1.3.5.1) or succinate dehydrogenase (quinone) is shared between the TCA cycle and the ETC and has no proton pumping activity. It is composed of four nDNA-encoded subunits. The two hydrophilic catalytic subunits are SDHA/SDH1 and SDHB/SDH2. Hydrophobic subunits SDHC/SDH3 and SDHD/SDH4 constitute the cII membrane anchor, containing a haem b group and two CoQ binding sites" SIGNOR-262186 fingolimod chemical CHEBI:63115 ChEBI S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 22225501 t gcesareni "Sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p(1)) receptor agonists such as fingolimod (fty-720) are a novel class of immunomodulators that have clinical utility in the treatment of remitting relapsing multiples sclerosis." SIGNOR-195343 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "The raf family of proteins (raf-1, a-raf, and b-raf) is serine/threonine kinases that bind to the effector region of ras-gtp, thus inducing translocation of the protein to the plasma membrane. Once there, raf proteins are activated and phosphorylated by different protein kinases." SIGNOR-175183 quetiapine chemical CHEBI:8707 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258533 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT "BAF250b E3 ligase" complex SIGNOR-C522 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20086098 t miannu "In the present work, we show that BAF250 associates with elongin C (Elo C), cullin 2 (Cul2), and Roc1 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. BAF250 forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase with Elo B/C, Cul2, and Roc1 that targets histone H2B. H2B-Ub has been shown to be required for transcriptional activation in vitro" SIGNOR-271439 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 29106906 t Gianni "We report that, in the absence of Nfia or Nfib, there is a marked reduction in the spinal cord expression of NFIX, and that NFIB can transcriptionally activate Nfix expression in vitro. These data demonstrate that NFIX is part of the downstream transcriptional program through which NFIA and NFIB coordinate gliogenesis within the spinal cord." SIGNOR-268871 FANCC protein Q00597 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263246 (S)-N-Hydroxy-4-(3-methyl-2-phenylbutanamido)benzamide chemical CID:6918848 PUBCHEM HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 31908417 t miannu "The present study aimed to detect HDAC1 expression in and around ESCC tissues and comprehensively assess the anti-ESCC effects of AR-42, a phenylbutyrate-derived pan-HDAC inhibitor with low nanomolar IC50s against HDACs including HDAC1. AR-42 developed by Chen et al is an orally bioavailable hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate derivative with strong inhibitory activity against class I (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) and class IIb (HDAC 6 and 10) HDACs." SIGNOR-262251 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser141 MASQKRPsQRHGSKY -1 2413024 t miannu "Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161" SIGNOR-250010 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT XPA protein P23025 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser173 VKKNPHHsQWGDMKL 9606 BTO:0000018 16540648 t llicata "Defects in ATR-dependent XPA phosphorylation increases the cell sensitivity to UV irradiation. | The XPA-deficient cells complemented with XPA-S196A mutant, in which Ser196 was substituted with an alanine, displayed significantly higher UV sensitivity compared with the XPA cells complemented with wild-type XPA. Moreover, substitution of Ser196 with aspartic acid for mimicking the phosphorylation of XPA increased the cell survival to UV irradiation." SIGNOR-250584 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser293 EESYDTEsEFTEFTE 9606 BTO:0000782 8622692 t llicata "Casein kinase ii phosphorylates i kappa b alpha at s-283, s-289, s-293, and t-291 and is required for its degradation." SIGNOR-40510 RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 19289081 t lperfetto "RanBP3 directly recognizes dephosphorylated Smad2/3, which results from the activity of nuclear Smad phosphatases, and mediates nuclear export of Smad2/3 in a Ran-dependent manner." SIGNOR-217634 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT TNIP2 protein Q8NFZ5 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16469705 t gcesareni "Here we show that tnfa-mediated jnk activation accelerates turnover of the NF-kappaBinduced antiapoptotic protein c-flip, an inhibitor of caspase-8. This is not due to direct c-flip phosphorylation but depends on jnk-mediated phosphorylation and activationof the e3ubiquitin ligaseitch, which speci?cally Ubiquitinates c-flip and induces its proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-144453 domperidone chemical CHEBI:31515 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258721 PTP4A1 protein Q93096 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 14643450 f gcesareni "Cells overexpressing either prl-1 or prl-2 exhibited enhanced cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) activity and significantly lower p21cip1/waf1 protein levels" SIGNOR-119418 (2R)-1-[[4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-5-methyl-6-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazinyl]oxy]-2-propanol chemical CHEBI:94562 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258090 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29736013 t miannu "Our findings reveal a dual role for UTX in suppressing acute myeloid leukaemia via repression of oncogenic ETS and upregulation of tumor suppressive GATA programs. several ETS transcription factors, including Elf4, Etv6, Erg, Fli1, Ets2, Spi1 and Elk3 were upregulated immediately after Utx loss in the preleukaemic phase" SIGNOR-260032 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr706 RDVYSTDyYRVGGHT 10090 BTO:0000944 10533983 t miannu "TrkB autophosphorylation occurs on five cytoplasmic tyrosines: Y484, Y670, Y674, Y675, and Y785." SIGNOR-250206 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004180 23041284 t flangone "Furthermore, in ECCs, unphosphorylated Oct4 bound to the AKT1 promoter and repressed its transcription." SIGNOR-242103 RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT POLH protein Q9Y253 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys686 HQGKRNPkSPLACTN 9606 21791603 t miannu "Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase monoubiquitinates DNA polymerase eta to suppress translesion DNA synthesis. Specifically, we show that Pirh2, a target of the p53 tumor suppressor, monoubiquitinates PolH at one of multiple lysine residues.we show that monoubiquitination of PolH alters the ability of PolH to translocate to replication foci for translesion DNA synthesis of UV-induced DNA lesions.These results suggest that Pirh2 monoubiquitinates PolH at one of the four lysine residues (K682, K686, K694, and K709)." SIGNOR-272731 superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI SOD3 protein P08294 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "precursor of" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272274 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9823 BTO:0004007 10523831 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the adapter protein shc by growth factor receptors provides association sites for grb2-sos, thereby activating the ras/map kinase pathway." SIGNOR-235615 GRIK1 protein P39086 UNIPROT D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "Glutamate (L-Glu) released from neurons interacts with kainate-type of glutamate receptors (Kain-R) in astrocytes to stimulate release of D-serine" SIGNOR-268272 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser484 RSRAIHSsDEGEDQA 9606 12769847 t gcesareni "Here we identify two phosphorylation sites in the vca domain of wasp at serines 483 and 484. S483 and s484 are substrates for casein kinase 2 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of these residues increases the affinity of the vca domain for the arp2/3 complex 7-fold and is required for efficient in vitro actin polymerization by the full-length wasp molecule." SIGNOR-101268 IL1A protein P01583 UNIPROT IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000876 7964161 t lperfetto "Interleukin-1 receptor (il-1r) is a cytokine receptor which binds interleukin 1." SIGNOR-35077 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 AAEERRKsHEAEVLK 9606 8376365 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at either ser(16) or ser(63) strongly reduced or abolished the ability of stathmin to bind to and sequester soluble tubulin and its ability to act as a catastrophe factor by directly binding to the microtubules. The known in vivo phosphorylation sites of stathmin are ser-16 and ser-63 for cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka)." SIGNOR-38322 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT Cell_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH38 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 27858941 f miannu "DAB2IP inactivation promotes tumor growth and survival, development, and proliferation of CSC, and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. It induces EMT, increases cell migration and invasion, and counteracts pro-apoptotic signaling." SIGNOR-254778 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19762596 t miannu " We found that a SKP1-CUL1-FBXL5 ubiquitin ligase protein complex associates with and promotes the iron-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of IRP2. The F-box substrate adaptor protein FBXL5 was degraded upon iron and oxygen depletion in a process that required an iron-binding hemerythrin-like domain in its N terminus. " SIGNOR-271883 NBEAL2 protein Q6ZNJ1 UNIPROT IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000132 29187380 f lperfetto "We found that the level of Iqgap1, a protein that stabilizes the active forms of Cdc42 and Rac1, was also significantly higher in Nbeal2−/− platelets" SIGNOR-261890 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT SLC12A1 protein Q13621 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr95 AYDSHTNtYYLQTFG 9606 BTO:0000007 21321328 t miannu "We establish that the SPAK and OSR1 kinases activated by WNK interact with an RFQV motif on NKCC2 and directly phosphorylate Thr95, Thr100, Thr105 and, possibly, Ser91. Our data indicate that a SPAK-OSR1-independent kinase, perhaps AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylates Ser130 and that phosphorylation of Thr105 and Ser130 plays the most important roles in stimulating NKCC2 activity." SIGNOR-263132 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1899 SPTYSPTsPVYTPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120144 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG 9606 BTO:0000876 25624455 t miannu "Deeper examination shows that JAKs are critically involved in integrin-mediated monocyte adhesion and that PTPRG activation leads to JAK2 dephosphorylation on the critical 1007–1008 phosphotyrosine residues, implying JAK2 inhibition and thus explaining the antiadhesive role of PTPRG." SIGNOR-254689 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 RERSRTGsESSQTGT 9606 18836482 t gcesareni "Using an in vitro kinase assay, we found that pkb can directly phosphorylate eif4b on serine 422 (ser422). This was prevented by pretreatment of cells with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) inhibitor ly294002 or pharmacological inhibition of pkb. Phosphorylation regultes the activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4b." SIGNOR-181536 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 10090 BTO:0000763 22634615 f Giorgia "Our findings showed MFG-E8–mediated upregulation of GRK2, which can be correlated with reduction of surface CXCR2. The MFG-E8 effect is mediated by αvβ3 integrin to upregulate GRK2 expression and results in downregulation of surface CXCR2 levels in neutrophils, leading to decrease of neutrophil migration" SIGNOR-260648 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000011 20638365 f "Here we showed that cAMP-induced activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and Akt is essential for the transcriptional activation of PPAR-gamma" SIGNOR-253019 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000661 11087752 t miannu "Cbl-b, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, targets phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase for ubiquitination in T cells. it can be postulated that Cbl-b, as an E3 Ub ligase, may play a general role in functional regulation of its target proteins through ubiquitination in a protein degradation-independent manner." SIGNOR-271424 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr227 PAPPEGAtPTSPVGH 9606 BTO:0000848 BTO:0001253 20959475 t lperfetto "Braf(v600e) signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and c-jun nh(2) terminal kinase-mediated activation of foxo4 via its phosphorylation on thr(223), ser(226), thr(447), and thr(451)." SIGNOR-168758 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270380 NLRC4 protein Q9NPP4 UNIPROT "NLRC4 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C223 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256404 "Pyrin inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C226 SIGNOR "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256383 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 t miannu "Elongator Subunits Interact with the Microtubules and Are Required for Proper Acetylation of α-Tubulin." SIGNOR-269722 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT JUND protein P17535 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser100 LGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 22327296 t gcesareni "Menin binds the jun family transcription factor jund and inhibits its transcriptional activity. The menin-jund interaction blocks jun n-terminal kinase (jnk)-mediated jund phosphorylation and suppresses jund-induced transcription. We found a role for phosphorylation of the ser100 residue of jund;jund phosphorylation were prevented by inhibitors of calcium, calmodulin, or erk1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-196038 DDX28 protein Q9NUL7 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25683715 f miannu "DHX30, DDX28, FASTKD2, and FASTKD5 Are Bona Fide RNA Granule Proteins. FASTKD5 siRNA treatment caused a reduction of all RNA granule proteins, along with MRPS18B, a protein of the mt-SSU." SIGNOR-261229 MSH6 protein P52701 UNIPROT MSH2/MSH6 complex SIGNOR-C60 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15064730 t miannu "The human msh2/6 complex is essential for mismatch recognition during the repair of replication errors." SIGNOR-123708 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser38 LGPGTRLsLARMPPP -1 7822264 t llicata "On the other hand, GFAP was phosphorylated to approximately 1.9 mol of phosphate/mol of GFAP by Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase II, and this phosphorylation did induce disassembly of the filament. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides revealed that only Ser8 on GFAP was phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase, whereas Ser13, Ser17, Ser34, and Ser389 on GFAP were phosphorylated by Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase II." SIGNOR-250628 tolbutamide chemical CHEBI:27999 ChEBI CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 1281220 t miannu "The sulfonylureas, tolbutamide and glibenclamide, inhibited whole-cell CFTR Cl- currents at half-maximal concentrations of approximately 150 and 20 microM, respectively." SIGNOR-258345 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11904433 t miannu "Coexpression in 293T cells demonstrated that Lck kinase activity and Cbl ubiquitin ligase activity were essential for Lck ubiquitination and negative regulation of Lck-dependent serum response element-luciferase reporter activity. The Lck SH3 domain was pivotal for Cbl-Lck association and Cbl-mediated Lck degradation, with a smaller role for interactions mediated by the Cbl tyrosine kinase-binding domain." SIGNOR-272614 acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15507492 t "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬¨‚Ćde novo¬¨‚Ćbiosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬¨‚Ć" SIGNOR-267209 ARF1 protein P84077 UNIPROT Vesicle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH172 SIGNOR up-regulates 14973189 f lperfetto "ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) are 20-kDa GTPases of the ras superfamily that regulate vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. There are three classes of ARFs: class I (ARF1–3), which function in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking; the much less studied class II (ARF4–5); and class III (ARF6), with significant roles in endocytotic pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics near the cell surface" SIGNOR-272149 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT HMGA2 protein P52926 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser59 PKGSKNKsPSKAAQK 9606 10636877 t lperfetto "Architecture of high mobility group protein i-c dna complex and its perturbation upon phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase. Phosphorylation by cdc2 reduces binding strength of the mammalian and insect hmgi proteins to dna. After phosphorylation of the protein at ser-43 and ser-58 by cdc2 kinase multiple contacts of dbds, especially with the bases, are impaired and the protein binds to dna in a different way, extending the contacts to the sugar-phosphate backbone." SIGNOR-74098 UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) chemical CHEBI:58885 ChEBI α-D-glucosyl-glycogenin complex SIGNOR-C430 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22160681 t miannu "Glycogenin initiates the synthesis of a maltosaccharide chain covalently attached to itself on Tyr195 via a stepwise glucosylation reaction, priming glycogen synthesis. " SIGNOR-267923 BAMBI protein Q13145 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 2662247 t gcesareni "Bmp-2 mediates phosphorylated smad1 (psmad1) or, with loss of bmprii, psmad3-dependent recruitment of disheveled (dvl) to promote rhoa-rac1 signaling necessary for motility." SIGNOR-23037 RPL26 protein P61254 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262497 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser42 AKKKSKIsASRKLQL 9606 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134624 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003858 12734180 f miannu "The suppressive effect of IGF-1 and OP-1 on MMP-13 expression was due in part to down-regulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activity of their intermediate molecules, including NF-kappaB and AP-1 factors." SIGNOR-254800 GSK1059615 chemical CHEBI:71955 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192771 MAP1LC3C protein Q9BXW4 UNIPROT Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001623 20921139 f lperfetto "We assessed both conversion of LC3-I to its cleaved and lipidated form LC3-II and its translocation to autophagic structures, two steps in autophagosome formation" SIGNOR-219399 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23563140 t miannu "The CDK8 kinase module (CKM) is a conserved, dissociable Mediator subcomplex whose component subunits were genetically linked to the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) and individually recognized as transcriptional repressors before Mediator was identified as a pre-eminent complex in eukaryotic transcription regulation." SIGNOR-266686 ARF4 protein P18085 UNIPROT Vesicle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH172 SIGNOR up-regulates 14973189 f lperfetto "ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) are 20-kDa GTPases of the ras superfamily that regulate vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. There are three classes of ARFs: class I (ARF1–3), which function in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking; the much less studied class II (ARF4–5); and class III (ARF6), with significant roles in endocytotic pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics near the cell surface" SIGNOR-272151 ATP5IF1 protein Q9UII2 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261400 YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11433030 t gcesareni "14-3-3tau associates with and activates the mef2d transcription factor during muscle cell differentiation." SIGNOR-109139 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT miR-23a mirna URS00001CC864_9606 RNAcentral "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19219026 t Luana "Here we report that the c-Myc (hereafter referred to as Myc) oncogenic transcription factor, which is known to regulate microRNAs and stimulate cell proliferation, transcriptionally represses miR-23a and miR-23b, resulting in greater expression of their target protein, mitochondrial glutaminase, in human P-493 B lymphoma cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. " SIGNOR-268045 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr687 PRGMGPGtPAGYGRG 9606 20932480 t lperfetto "We conclude that t687 is the primary site of threonine phosphorylation in psf. Gsk3 directly phosphorylates the splicing regulatory protein psf. In this phosphorylated form, psf is sequestered in a complex with trap150, precluding it from binding the ess1 sequence in cd45 alternatively spliced exons. Upon t?_Cell stimulation, reduced gsk3 activity leads to reduced psf phosphorylation, thereby releasing psf from trap150 and allowing it to participate in activation-induced cd45 exon skipping" SIGNOR-168389 IFNGR2 protein P38484 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249504 2-[[2-[[1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-oxoethyl]-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]amino]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-6-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:93768 ChEBI IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258116 PYGB protein P11216 UNIPROT glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [‚Ķ] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267395 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EMD protein P50402 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr95 KGYNDDYyEESYFTT 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887 19789182 t llicata "Src phosphorylated emerin specifically at y59, y74 and y95; interestingly y-to-f substitutions at identified src sites reduced recombinant emerin binding to endogenous baf" SIGNOR-188316 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 22972936 f milica "Par1 acts through g12/13 and rho gtpase to inhibit the lats1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-192048 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT4 protein P56705 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242707 RAB32 protein Q13637 UNIPROT "AP-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C248 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23247405 t lperfetto "Rab32 and Rab38 interact physically and colocalize with BLOC-2, AP-1 and AP-3|These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 operate in the same pathways previously defined for AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2 and suggest they are the specific proteins that divert AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2-dependent cargoes to maturing melanosomes and away from lysosomes." SIGNOR-260700 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20534544 f Regulation miannu "We used genomic and candidate gene approaches to search for evidence of such genetic selection. First, a genome-wide allelic differentiation scan (GWADS) comparing indigenous highlanders of the Tibetan Plateau (3,200-3,500 m) with closely related lowland Han revealed a genome-wide significant divergence across eight SNPs located near EPAS1. This gene encodes the transcription factor HIF2alpha, which stimulates production of red blood cells and thus increases the concentration of hemoglobin in blood." SIGNOR-251791 BRMS1 protein Q9HCU9 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23269275 t miannu "BRMS1 suppresses lung cancer metastases through an E3 ligase function on histone acetyltransferase p300. BRMS1 induces polyubiquitination of p300, resulting in its proteasome-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-266408 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT DOK6 protein Q6PKX4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 15286081 t gcesareni "These data identify dok-6 as a novel dok-4/5-related adaptor molecule that may function in vivo to transduce signals that regulate ret-mediated processes such as axonal projection." SIGNOR-127382 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "This effort culminated in the identification of the clinical candidate BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib, Nexavar), which has recently been approved by the FDA for advanced renal cell carcinoma in phase III clinical trials. Sorafenib inhibited the kinase activity of both C-RAF and B-RAF (wild type and V600E mutant)." SIGNOR-259228 CACNA1C protein Q13936 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30849329 t miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission. Several neurological and cardiac disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding α1-subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNA1A (MIM: 601011) (familial hemiplegic migraine [MIM: 141500], episodic ataxia [MIM: 108500], and epilepsy [MIM: 617106]),3, 4, 5 CACNA1C (MIM: 114205) (Timothy syndrome [MIM: 601005]),6, 7 CACNA1D (MIM: 114206) (primary aldosteronism, neurodevelopmental disorders [MIM: 615474]),8, 9 and CACNA1G (MIM: 604065) (spinocerebellar ataxia [MIM: 616795])." SIGNOR-264325 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser557 VSAGIQTsFRTGNPT -1 7525583 t lperfetto "We report that p68 is phosphorylated by protein kinase C in vitro and binds calmodulin in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Both phosphorylation and calmodulin binding inhibited p68 ATPase activity | In addition, a 20-amino acid peptide corresponding to residues 549-568 of p68 was phosphorylated in a Ca- and phospholipid-dependent manner hy PKC" SIGNOR-248896 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser207 TSVRRRTsFYLPKDA 9606 18071316 t llicata "This skp2-dependent destruction of rassf1a requires phosphorylation of the latter on serine-203 by cyclin d-cyclin-dependent kinase 4." SIGNOR-216976 ELP6 protein Q0PNE2 UNIPROT "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28601220 t miannu "Elongator is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex consisting of two sets of six Elp proteins, while homologues of its catalytic subunit Elp3 are found in all the kingdoms of life. Although it was originally described as a transcription elongation factor, cumulating evidence suggests that its primary function is catalyzing tRNA modifications. In humans, defects in Elongator subunits are associated with neurological disorders and cancer." SIGNOR-269713 MTSS1 protein O43312 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16280553 t lperfetto "Mim-b binds and activates rac via its irsp53/mim domain" SIGNOR-141573 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXG1 protein P55316 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser19 MIPKSSFsINSLVPE 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 17435750 t llicata "Cki phosphorylation of ser 19 of foxg1 promotes nuclear import" SIGNOR-154386 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser171 PLCLSPAsSGSSASF 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248365 copper(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:49552 ChEBI SOD3 protein P08294 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 1542024 t lperfetto "Copper as a cofactor and regulator of copper,zinc superoxide dismutase" SIGNOR-272301 midostaurin chemical CHEBI:63452 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258247 Apoptosome complex SIGNOR-C230 SIGNOR CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 15657060 t lperfetto "Following autoprocessing in the apoptosome, caspase-9 cleaves and activates caspase-3." SIGNOR-256471 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 DRHLRSEsQRQRREI 9606 BTO:0000671 9166747 t gcesareni "Functional role of amino-terminal serine16 and serine27 of g alphaz in receptor and effector coupling." SIGNOR-48681 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CRMP1 protein Q14194 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr514 PATPKYAtPAPSAKS 9606 BTO:0000938 16611631 t lperfetto "Using in vitro kinase assays and pharmacological inhibition of gsk3 as described above for crmp2 and crmp4, it was found that thr509 (and presumably ser518 and thr514) of human crmp1 is phosphorylated by gsk3, following priming of ser522 by cdk5" SIGNOR-145999 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 22120716 t gcesareni "In earlier studies, we demonstrated that maml1 enhanced p300 acetyltransferase activity, which increased the acetylation of notch by p300.Acetylation controls notch stability and function in t-cell leukemia." SIGNOR-177749 MTSS1 protein O43312 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 15545630 t miannu "We found that in vitro translated gli1 and sufu bind to gst-mim, but not gst-mim?N399 Or gst columns (fig. 4f). Indicative of the importance of the mim/gli complex interactions, the mim?N399 Mutant that fails to interact with gli and sufu showed a markedly reduced capacity to potentiate gli-dependent transcription (fig. 4g). Although these results indicate that a mim/gli/sufu complex is important for mim-mediated transcriptional potentiation" SIGNOR-130545 OGA protein O60502 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deglycosylation Ser84 VADIRKQsEPFFKAT 9606 26399441 t lperfetto "O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD promotes the pentose phosphate pathway and tumor growth|O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD activates enzyme activity|G6PD is dynamically modified by O-GlcNAc at serine 84|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively." SIGNOR-267605 PYG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF96 SIGNOR "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t miannu "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267954 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PPP1R1A protein Q13522 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser67 LKSTLAMsPRQRKKM 10116 11278334 t "In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. | However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation." SIGNOR-248645 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 20630875 t gcesareni "Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (mt) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. Here we show that in response to hyperosmotic stress, jnk phosphorylates a key cytoplasmic microtubule regulatory protein, stathmin (stmn), on conserved ser-25 and ser-38 residues. In in vitro biochemical studies, we identified stmn ser-38 as the critical residue required for efficient phosphorylation by jnk and identified a novel kinase interaction domain in stmn required for recognition by jnk. We revealed that jnk was required for microtubule stabilization in response to hyperosmotic stress." SIGNOR-166694 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 10946277 f "We identified two domains of CIITA that interact with two distinct domains of CBP/p300 that are also recognized by NF-AT. CIITA mutants that retain the ability to interact with CBP/p300 are sufficient to inhibit NF-AT-mediated IL-4 gene expression" SIGNOR-254499 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1 " SIGNOR-271627 ARF5 protein P84085 UNIPROT Vesicle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH172 SIGNOR up-regulates 14973189 f lperfetto "ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) are 20-kDa GTPases of the ras superfamily that regulate vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. There are three classes of ARFs: class I (ARF1–3), which function in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking; the much less studied class II (ARF4–5); and class III (ARF6), with significant roles in endocytotic pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics near the cell surface" SIGNOR-272152 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF187 protein Q5TA31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271165 SLIT2 protein O94813 UNIPROT ROBO3 protein Q96MS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 16226035 t miannu "This observation suggests that Slit2 may require the Robo2 and Robo3 receptors in this process . Slit2 causes the miRNA miR-182 to release cofilin1 mRNA, potentiating cofilin1 local translation and resulting in growth cone collapse. The use of morpholinos or RNAi to knockdown robo2 and robo3 in X. laevis RGCs, would be useful to further confirm that Robo2 and Robo3 are the receptors involved in Slit2-dependent cofilin1 translation." SIGNOR-268381 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14625384 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-119225 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser113 HVSRQVTsSGVSHGG 9606 BTO:0000567 28831067 t lperfetto "The SUN1-NXF1 association is at least partly regulated by a protein kinase C (PKC) which phosphorylates serine 113 (S113) in the N-terminal domain leading to reduced interaction." SIGNOR-263281 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT TAB3 protein Q8N5C8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19927120 t lperfetto "Tab2 and tab3 activate the jun n-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-kappab pathways through the specific recognition of lys 63-linked polyubiquitin chains by its npl4 zinc-finger (nzf) domain." SIGNOR-161787 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys330 SAFSPHTkPWIGLAE 9606 BTO:0000018;BTO:0003885 32478681 t Luisa "Parkin binds to PHGDH and degrades it through ubiquitination to inhibit serine synthesis, which contributes greatly to the tumor-suppressive function of Parkin." SIGNOR-269075 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp333 DTVAENDdGGFSEEW -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261754 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser474 KEVPRRKsLVGTPYW 10090 BTO:0000944 11668177 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that PAK4 is frequently overexpressed in human tumor cell lines of various tissue origins. We also have identified serine (Ser-474) as the likely autophosphorylation site in the kinase domain of PAK4 in vivo. Mutation of this serine to glutamic acid (S474E) results in constitutive activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-235867 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr731 QQIDSCTyEAMYNIQ 9606 9890970 t lperfetto "Fyn associates with cbl and phosphorylates tyrosine 731 in cbl, a binding site for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasecbl represents a substrate for src-like kinases that are activated in response to the engagement of cell surface receptors, and that src-like kinases are responsible for the phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue in cbl that may regulate activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase" SIGNOR-63968 TRIM59 protein Q8IWR1 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0002181" 22588174 f Giorgia "TRIM59 also inhibited the phosphorylation of IRF3 and IRF7, which induces dimerization, suggesting that TRIM59 negatively regulates kinases for IRF3/7 (IKKe/TBK1) or their upstream signal" SIGNOR-260373 BBIP1 protein A8MTZ0 UNIPROT "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 19081074 t lperfetto "We recently showed that seven highly conserved BBS proteins form a stable complex, the BBSome, that functions in membrane trafficking to and inside the primary cilium.|As a first step in characterizing this protein, we investigated the biochemical properties of its binding to the core BBSome (previously defined as the BBS1, -2, -4, -5, -7, -8, and -9 complex). We subjected the native LAP-BBS4 eluate to velocity sedimentation analysis (Figure 1C). BBIP10 clearly cosedimented with BBS4 at 14S, suggesting that BBIP10 strongly associates with the core BBSome" SIGNOR-262561 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270384 HP protein P00738 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 9315856 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "Haptoglobin forms a complex of extremely high affinity with Hb via a well-characterized globin site. Our results show that upon Hb-haptoglobin binding, the globin radical, loses its ability to be terminated by forming globin dimers." SIGNOR-251815 MT-ND2 protein P03891 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND2-module is formed by an initial intermediate that contains MT-ND2, NDUFC1 and NDUFC2 bound to NDUFAF1/CIA30 [49,50], ECSIT [51] and ACAD9 [52,53]. Then, MT-ND3 is added together with TMEM126B [54], forming a larger intermediate to which subunits MT-ND6 and MT-ND4L bind. The latest assembly stages involve the incorporation of subunits NDUFA1, NDUFA10 and NDUFS5 [24,34]." SIGNOR-262144 HSPA9 protein P38646 UNIPROT "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" relocalization 27714045 t lperfetto "Cluster transfer from ISCU to recipient apoproteins is assisted by a dedicated chaperone/cochaperone (HSPA9/HSC20) system that facilitates cluster release from the primary scaffold ISCU and transfer to recipient apoproteins or to intermediate carriers" SIGNOR-262131 LHX3 protein Q9UBR4 UNIPROT CGA protein P01215 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001379 10931853 t scontino "Transcription of pituitary alpha-glycoprotein hormone subunit (alpha-GSU) and thyrotropin beta subunit (TSH-beta) genes is stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). P-Lim binds to CBP in TRH-dependent manner on this site and that these proteins synergistically activate the human α-GSU promoter during TRH stimulation." SIGNOR-267207 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr12 FSSRSSKtFKPKKNI 9606 23431053 t milica "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-201306 clenbuterol chemical CHEBI:174690 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257861 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "NLRC4 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C223 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22801494 t miannu "Here we identify a role for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR, also known as EIF2AK2) in inflammasome activation. PKR physically interacts with several inflammasome components, including NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), NLRP1, NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), and broadly regulates inflammasome activation." SIGNOR-263121 STK16 protein O75716 UNIPROT STK16 protein O75716 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr185 EGSRQALtLQDWAAQ -1 18184589 t Manara "Indeed, our kinetic analysis of MPSK1 autophosphorylation showed that autophosphorylation is a slow process and that two of the three identified sites are largely buried in unphosphorylated MPSK1. However, two autophosphorylation sites are located in the P + 1 loop and phosphorylation at these locations might affect substrate recognition." SIGNOR-260803 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1924 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273038 BIRC6 protein Q9NR09 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15200957 t gcesareni "Bruce binds and thereby inhibits caspases, in particular effector caspase-3." SIGNOR-125956 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr451 KRTRSKGtLRYMSPE 9606 BTO:0000567 11337501 t lperfetto "Taken together, our findings support the idea that binding of pkr to dsrna increases autophosphorylation in the activation loop of the kinase domain (fig. 9). Because dsrna binding promotes dimerization, this would facilitate trans-autophosphorylation of thr-446 and thr-451 by the two kinase moieties in a pkr dimer" SIGNOR-107511 "Exon junction complex" complex SIGNOR-C369 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 11532962 t lperfetto "The exon–exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay" SIGNOR-268315 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser160 PVRLLGHsPVLRNIT 9606 12107172 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that serine 146 is required for two crucial features of cdc25b1. It is essential for cdc25b1 to function as a mitotic inducer and to prevent cdc25b1 export from the nucleus. We also show that serine 146 is phosphorylated in vitro by cdk1-cyclin b. Serine 146 phosphorylation is proposed to be a key event in the regulation of the cdc25b function" SIGNOR-216753 COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 7688313 t gcesareni "Both a2b1- and a1b1- inegrins are implicated in chondrocyte adhesion to native collagene i and ii" SIGNOR-31787 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr218 PPRDFAAyRS 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 8992971 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that emt can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the cd28 tail" SIGNOR-45520 PP121 chemical CHEBI:50915 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206292 PKI-587 chemical CID:44516953 PUBCHEM MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205986 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 GPQRERKsSSSSEDR 9606 10869359 t gcesareni "We show that phosphorylation of b-raf by akt occurs at multiple residues within its aminoterminal regulatory domain, at both the conserved and unique phosphorylation sites. Akt phosphorylated b-raf on s364 and s428 to inactivate its kinase activity." SIGNOR-78697 linifanib chemical CHEBI:91435 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16648571 t Gianni "ABT-869 is a structurally novel, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that is a potent inhibitor of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor families" SIGNOR-262207 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT OMD protein Q99983 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16970923 f miannu "We found tgf-beta1 to down regulate osad" SIGNOR-149565 PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT TPM2 protein P07951 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser61 EDEVEKYsESVKEAQ -1 16094730 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate a requirement for the protein kinase activity of PI(3)K in agonist-dependent beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) internalization. Using PI(3)K mutants with either protein or lipid phosphorylation activity, we identify the cytoskeletal protein non-muscle tropomyosin as a substrate of PI(3)K, which is phosphorylated in a wortmannin-sensitive manner on residue Ser 61. A constitutively dephosphorylated (S61A) tropomyosin mutant blocks agonist-dependent betaAR internalization, whereas a tropomyosin mutant that mimics constitutive phosphorylation (S61D) complements the PI(3)K mutant, with only lipid phosphorylation activity reversing the defective betaAR internalization." SIGNOR-263028 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr397 SVSETDDyAEIIDEE 17828307 t gcesareni "Fak y397 phosphorylation promotes src sh2 domain binding to fak, presumably leading to conformational src activation with a fak-src complex." SIGNOR-157767 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AKAP12 protein Q02952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser696 KKRARRGsSSDEEGG -1 14657015 t lperfetto "Following receptor activation, gravin binding to the receptor increases, a process dependent upon PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of two canonical PKA sites (Ser696–698 and Ser772) located within the AKAP domain of gravin." SIGNOR-271843 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr21 YGGAGGYtQSPGGFG 9606 14872059 t lperfetto "Replication protein a (rpa) is a single-stranded dna (ssdna) binding protein involved in various processes, including nucleotide excision repair and dna replication. The 32 kda subunit of rpa (rpa32) is phosphorylated in response to various dna-damaging agents, and two protein kinases, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (atm) and the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk) have been implicated in dna damage-induced phosphorylation of rpa32we show that both dna-pk and atm phosphorylate rpa32 on thr21 in vitro." SIGNOR-121861 triazolopyridazine chemical CHEBI:48384 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The BZ-sensitive GABAA-Rs can be further subdivided, in that receptors containing the alpha1 subunit have a higher sensitivity to a subpopulation of BZ site ligands, the benzodiazepines quazepam and cinolazepam (Sieghart, 1989) or nonbenzodiazepines such as zolpidem (an imidazopyridine) and a few others, including CL218-872 (triazolopyridazine), zaleplon, and indiplon, and abecarnil (β-carboline), (Olsen and Gordey, 2000; Korpi et al., 2002; Sieghart and Ernst, 2005)." SIGNOR-263803 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2246 SSSVHASerPLASSP -1 26051540 t irozzo "Cdk1 phosphorylates conserved sites within RanBP2 and activates BicD2 binding and early dynein recruitment." SIGNOR-259118 CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8977526 t lperfetto "JAK2 is a primary kinase regulating all the known activities of GM-CSF. JAK2 mediates GM-CSF induced c-fos activation through receptor phosphorylation and Shc/PTP 1D activation." SIGNOR-249502 CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15829969 t lperfetto "During apoptosis, Apaf-1 binds to cytochrome c and in the presence of ATP/dATP forms an apoptosome, leading to the recruitment and activation of the initiator caspase, caspase-9." SIGNOR-135384 PCGF2 protein P35227 UNIPROT HSF2 protein Q03933 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation 9606 BTO:0000007 18211895 t miannu "MEL-18, in contrast to the polycomb protein PC2/CBX4, in which SUMO E3 activity stimulates sumoylation of certain proteins, actually functions like an anti-SUMO E3 protein, interacting with both HSF2 and the SUMO E2 UBC9 but acting to inhibit UBC9 activity and thereby decreasing sumoylation of a target protein, in this case that of HSF2. sumoylation of HSF2 is up-regulated during mitosis and is important for the interaction of this factor with a subunit of the condensin complex during the bookmarking process" SIGNOR-226245 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser36 RHDSGLDsMKDEEYE 11815618 t lperfetto "Nuclear factor-kappaB activation depends on phosphorylation and degradation of its inhibitor protein, IkapapB. |TBK-1 and IKK-i phosphorylate Ser36 of IkappaBalpha." SIGNOR-249367 PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 10748018 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "PAK2 can directly phosphorylate MLCK, inhibiting its activity and limiting the development of isometric tension. PAK2 catalyzes MLCK phosphorylation on serine residues 439 and 991." SIGNOR-269973 ACOT8 protein O14734 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271809 CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_block phenotype SIGNOR-PH10 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18423396 f fspada "Moreover, expression of p27(kip1), an inhibitor of the cell cycle, was down regulated in an akt1/pkbalpha-specific manner during adipocytedifferentiation." SIGNOR-178278 SLC9A3R1 protein O14745 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9671706 t lperfetto "The Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) binds to the tail of the beta2-adrenergic receptor and plays a role in adrenergic regulation of Na+/H+ exchange. NHERF contains two PDZ domains, the first of which is required for its interaction with the beta2 receptor." SIGNOR-262598 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 acetylation:Lys21 GGAKRHRkVLRDNIQ 12776177 t lperfetto "Thus, the TIP60 HAT complex is recruited to MYC-target genes and, probably with other other HATs, contributes to histone acetylation in response to mitogenic signals." SIGNOR-262062 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser116 PQKLLGCsPALKRSH 9606 12411508 t lperfetto "Mitotic stabilization of cdc25a reflects its phosphorylation on ser17 and ser115 by cyclin b-cdk1, modifications required to uncouple cdc25a from its ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated turnover." SIGNOR-216761 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT ATP7A protein Q04656 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser1463 IVNYSRAsINSLLSD 10090 29301787 t lperfetto "Akt2 (Protein Kinase B Beta) Stabilizes ATP7A, a Copper Transporter for Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, in Vascular Smooth Muscle: Novel Mechanism to Limit Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus|Immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, and mass spectrometry analysis reveal that insulin stimulates Akt2 binding to ATP7A to induce phosphorylation at Ser1424/1463/1466" SIGNOR-272268 Degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH92 SIGNOR IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000830 24232182 f apalma "Particularly, damage-activated mast cells almost instantly begin to secrete TNFa, histamine and tryptase and then initiate the de novo synthesis of other cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)6" SIGNOR-255349 SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT NR4A2 protein P43354 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31666685 t gianni "Satb2 represses the transcription of Nr4a2. The misexpression of Nr4a2 together with Ctip2 induces expression of SubC-specific genes in wild-type Rsp, and simultaneous knockdown of these two genes in Rsp Satb2-mutant cells prevents their fate transition to SubC identity. Thus, Satb2 serves as a determinant gene in the Rsp regionalization by repressing Nr4a2 and Ctip2 during cortical development" SIGNOR-268930 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr157 GIRKRPAtDDSSTQN 9606 BTO:0000150 12244303 t gcesareni "Akt-induced t157 phosphorylation causes retention of p27(kip1) in the cytoplasm, precluding p27(kip1)-induced g1 arrest.[__]Thus, cytoplasmic relocalization of p27(kip1), secondary to akt-mediated phosphorylation, is a novel mechanism whereby the growth inhibitory properties of p27(kip1) are functionally inactivated and the proliferation of breast cancer cells is sustained." SIGNOR-93122 TRIM38 protein O00635 UNIPROT TRIM38 protein O00635 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21306652 t miannu "Our study shows that, similar to other TRIM family members, TRIM38 is localized in the cytoplasm. TRIM38 increases ubiquitination of other cellular proteins and catalyzes self-ubiquitination. TRIM38 also promotes K63- and K48-linked ubiquitination of cellular proteins. An intact RING domain is important for the functions of TRIM38. In addition, enterovirus 71 infection induces TRIM38 degradation." SIGNOR-271906 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "CellSignaling;phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (D3F9) XP?? Rabbit mAb" gcesareni SIGNOR-269916 CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT BIK protein Q13323 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 12324477 f gcesareni "Bik expression was weakly but significantly down-regulated by cd27 but up-regulated by cd40." SIGNOR-93390 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser74 EFEELTMsQKNGGNV 20637175 t lperfetto "We showed that recombinant CKI delta phosphorylated several residues of bacterially overexpressed dCK: Ser-74, but also Ser-11, Ser-15, and Thr-72. Phosphorylation of dCK by CKI delta correlated with increased activity reaching at least 4-fold. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that only Ser-74 phosphorylation was involved in dCK activation by CKI delta," SIGNOR-275799 ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256807 SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT TESK1 protein Q15569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15584898 t miannu "Spry4 negatively regulates the kinase activity of TESK1 by associating with it through the C-terminal cysteine-rich region of Spry4" SIGNOR-253032 "Caspase-2 PIDDosome" complex SIGNOR-C292 SIGNOR BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 20158568 t miannu "Inactive caspase-2 monomers are recruited to the PIDDosome in response to certain cellular stresses. This results in dimerization and activation of caspase-2. Caspase-2 cleaves and activates Bid to induce MOMP eventually resulting in activation of executioner caspases by caspase-9-mediated cleavage." SIGNOR-262644 NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11494134 t lperfetto "We also show that overexpression of nck could repress the phosphorylation of cbl by abl in vivo. Studies with nck mutants suggested that the nck sh2 domain is responsible for inhibiting the activity of abl toward both cbl and nck itself, most likely by competing with the abl sh2 for tyrosine-phosphorylated binding sites" SIGNOR-109672 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "As shown in fig. 3a, metformin (0.5 to 2 mmol/l) induced shp gene expression and repressed the camp/dex-induced expression of pepck and g6pase in a dose-dependent manner in h4iie cells" SIGNOR-267791 TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT "TUBAC Family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF110 SIGNOR down-regulates tyrosination 9606 22020298 t miannu "Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization" SIGNOR-176921 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser677 QMQPDTTsVVKDSQV 9606 19120698 t llicata "Autophosphorylation appears to be a priming event for kinase activation. We identified mps1 autophosphorylation sites in the activation and the p+1 loops. Whereas activation loop autophosphorylation enhances kinase activity" SIGNOR-183022 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21993628 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-176754 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser133 NAIRYIEsLQELLRE -1 9461343 t llicata "Here, we report that Myf-5 protein constitutes a substrate for phosphorylation in vitro by protein kinase CK2. We identified two potential phosphorylation sites at serine49 and serine133, both of which seem to be necessary for Myf-5 activity. " SIGNOR-250922 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR ARHGAP17 protein Q68EM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser702 LSAPRRYsSSLSPIQ 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "Screening for potential mediators of this effect resulted in the identification of the Rac1-specific GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP17 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF6 as new PKA and PKG substrates in platelets. We mapped the PKA/PKG phosphorylation sites to serine 702 on ARHGAP17 using Phos-tag gels and to serine 684 on ARHGEF6. |ARHGAP17 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein of Rac1 and is bound to the SH3 domain of CIP4 via its SH3 binding region in resting platelets. Endothelial PGI2 stimulates the activation of PKA and leads to the phosphorylation of Ser-702 in ARHGAP17, which results in the dissociation of the ARHGAP17-CIP4 complex." SIGNOR-272156 PRLHR protein P49683 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256837 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT RAN protein P62826 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser135 DRKVKAKsIVFHRKK 9606 20805321 t llicata "We show that ran is a substrate for p21-activated kinase 4 (pak4) and that its phosphorylation on serine-135 increases during mitosis. our study suggests that pak4-mediated phosphorylation of gdp- or gtp-bound ran regulates the assembly of ran-dependent complexes on the mitotic spindle" SIGNOR-167671 "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 30553771 t "PFKFB3 has the highest kinase activity to shunt glucose toward glycolysis, whereas PFKFB4 has more FBPase-2 activity, redirecting glucose toward the pentose phosphate pathway, providing reducing power for lipid biosynthesis and scavenging reactive oxygen species" SIGNOR-267274 "Caspase 9 complex" complex SIGNOR-C229 SIGNOR CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 15657060 t lperfetto "Following autoprocessing in the apoptosome, caspase-9 cleaves and activates caspase-3." SIGNOR-256448 Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11278538 t miannu "Interferons have antiviral, antigrowth and immunomodulatory effects. The human type I interferons, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, IFNAR, composed of subunits IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2. Human IFNAR-2 binds all type I IFNs but with lower affinity and different specificity than the IFNAR complex. Human IFNAR-1 has low intrinsic binding of human IFNs but strongly affects the affinity and differential ligand specificity of the IFNAR complex." SIGNOR-260331 rRNA_transcription phenotype SIGNOR-PH145 SIGNOR "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR up-regulates 25901680 f lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262601 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 9637919 t lperfetto "In response to PDGF, binding of ptdlns (3,4,5)p3 and/or ptdlns(3,4)p2 to the PH domain of PDK-1 causes its translocation to the plasma membrane where it co-localises with PKB, significantly contributing to the scale of PKB activation." SIGNOR-58313 TRIP10 protein Q15642 UNIPROT ARHGAP17 protein Q68EM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "Screening for potential mediators of this effect resulted in the identification of the Rac1-specific GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP17 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF6 as new PKA and PKG substrates in platelets. We mapped the PKA/PKG phosphorylation sites to serine 702 on ARHGAP17 using Phos-tag gels and to serine 684 on ARHGEF6. |ARHGAP17 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein of Rac1 and is bound to the SH3 domain of CIP4 via its SH3 binding region in resting platelets. Endothelial PGI2 stimulates the activation of PKA and leads to the phosphorylation of Ser-702 in ARHGAP17, which results in the dissociation of the ARHGAP17-CIP4 complex." SIGNOR-272158 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC18 protein Q6FI13 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265396 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 EGGKSGKsPRRRAAS 9606 BTO:0001130 18408765 t gcesareni "Overexpression of cdk1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of foxo1 in pca cells through s249 phosphorylation on foxo1." SIGNOR-178202 PGM1 protein P36871 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-267932 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT NKX3-1/SRF complex SIGNOR-C25 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 10993896 t lperfetto "A novel complex element containing a juxtaposed nkx-binding site (nke) and an srf-binding element (sre) in the proximal promoter region was found to be necessary for the nkx3-1/srf coactivation of smga transcription." SIGNOR-82090 RNF180 protein Q86T96 UNIPROT ZIC2 protein O95409 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10116 18363970 t miannu "Rinescan directly interact with Zic2. the ubiquitination of endogenous Zic2 was enhanced by Myc-Rines in rat neural stem cellline MNS70 cells. Rines-induced degradation of Zic2" SIGNOR-226303 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT YWHAB protein P31946 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser186 FYYEILNsPEKACSL 9606 15696159 t llicata "The c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) protein is activated in the cellular response to dna damage and phosphorylates 14-3-3 on ser 184 these results support a role for 14-3-3 proteins in inhibiting c-abl-mediated apoptosis by sequestering c-abl into the cytoplasm. these findings support a model in which jnk phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins induces dissociation of the c-abl_14-3-3 complex and thereby targeting of c-abl to the nucleus." SIGNOR-133875 MAP3K2 protein Q9Y2U5 UNIPROT MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12912994 t gcesareni "Mekk2 and mekk3 are mapk kinase kinases that bind, phosphorylate and activate mek5." SIGNOR-104634 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser352 AATNRPNsIDPALRR 9606 BTO:0000150 16551632 t llicata "Site-directed mutagenesis identified ser-351, ser-745, and ser-747 as akt phosphorylation sites on vcp. however, our study also suggests that other known biological activities of vcp, such as those related to intracellular trafficking, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and activation of transcription (28), might be regulated by akt through the activation of vcp. I" SIGNOR-145284 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-183612 RAB33B protein Q9H082 UNIPROT ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18448665 t gcesareni "Olgi-resident small gtpase rab33b interacts with atg16l and modulates autophagosome formation." SIGNOR-178542 CDON/SPAG9 complex SIGNOR-C21 SIGNOR MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT unknown binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222;BTO:0002181 22337877 t lperfetto "Cdo and jlp interacted with ask1 or tak1 in 293t cells and c2c12 myoblasts" SIGNOR-235560 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT GDA protein Q9Y2T3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 21715638 t lperfetto "In addition, exposure of the neurons to BDNF increased CREB binding to the cypin promoter and, in line with these data, expression of a dominant negative form of CREB blocked BDNF-promoted increases in cypin protein levels and proximal dendrite branches." SIGNOR-268968 HSD17B2 protein P37059 UNIPROT 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 8099587 t Luana "17 beta-HSD type 2 was capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione as well as estradiol and estrone. " SIGNOR-269764 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19763573 f miannu "PSC833, cyclosporine analogue, downregulates MDR1 expression by activating JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 and suppressing NF-kappaB." SIGNOR-254654 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 20626350 f lperfetto "On the other hand, p38 alfa may negatively modulate akt activity, indipendently of pi3k by regulating the interaction between caveolin 1 and pp2a through a mechanism dependent on cell attachment." SIGNOR-166591 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 KGFRRAVsELDAKQA 1680128 t llicata " In both isoforms, Ser-40 was found to be phosphorylated by PKA, and Ser-19 and Ser-40 were found to be phosphorylated by CaM-PK II. The putative phosphorylation site generated by alternative splicing (Ser-31) was phosphorylated specifically by CaM-PK II in TH-2 only. | Unlike TH-1, phosphorylation of TH-2 by CaM-PK II resulted in an increase of the Ki value for dopamine." SIGNOR-250709 PDP1 protein Q9P0J1 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser293 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS -1 7782287 t "Sites 1, 2, and 3 were dephosphorylated either individually or in the presence of the other sites by the phospho-E1-phosphatase resulting in complete reactivation of the E1. The rates of dephosphorylation and reactivation were similar for sites 1, 2, and 3, indicating a random dephosphorylation mechanism" SIGNOR-252054 F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 t lperfetto "Besides VWF as a main ligand, GPIbα also binds multiple ligands such as thrombospondin, Factor XII, Factor XI, thrombin, High Molecular Weight kininogen, P-selectin and Mac-1." SIGNOR-261856 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1665 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248819 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1651 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273040 SETDB2 protein Q96T68 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation "Lys 10" RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 BTO:0000007 20404330 t miannu "Here, we have characterized a previously undescribed member of the histone H3K9 methyltransferase family named CLLD8 (or SETDB2 or KMT1F). This protein contributes to the trimethylation of both interspersed repetitive elements and centromere-associated repeats and participates in the recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1 to centromeres. Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) has emerged as an important player in the formation of heterochromatin, chromatin condensation, and transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-263896 NR2F2 protein P24468 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9826778 t gcesareni "The orphan nuclear receptor, coup-tf ii, inactivates myogenesis by post-transcriptional regulation of myod function: coup-tf ii directly interacts with p300 and myod." SIGNOR-62248 XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT CASP7 protein P55210 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 11583623 t lperfetto "Xiap is an endogenous inhibitor of caspase-7" SIGNOR-110840 TNFRSF10B protein O14763 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14585074 t amattioni "Fadd binds to ligated trailr1 or trail-r2" SIGNOR-98565 OFD1 protein O75665 UNIPROT ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 34027042 t miannu "We showed for the first time that the centrosomal protein OFD1, which is mutated in Oral-Facial-Digital type I syndrome, inhibits early phases of the LC3-mediated autop hagic cascade by acting as a receptor for unc-51-like kinase (ULK1) complex turnover. we demon strated that OFD1 is a novel autophagy receptor which selectively promotes the autophagic degradation of ATG13 via direct interaction with the C3/GABARAP family of proteins (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-269106 ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256767 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 18032587 f lperfetto "SOSTDC1 is orthologous to a recently characterized murine antagonist of BMPs-2, -4, and -7" SIGNOR-242746 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT ITGAL protein P20701 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 25624455 t miannu "PTKs of the JAK and SRC families have a regulatory role in LFA-1 affinity triggering, with JAKs showing a positive role (3), whereas SRCs possibly have a negative role." SIGNOR-254739 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT USP9X protein Q93008 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser2547 YEGSEEVsPPQTKDQ 32152317 t "Phosphosites were derived from Figure S1" lperfetto "Here, we find that CDC14B antagonizes CDK1-mediated activating mitotic phosphorylation of the deubiquitinase USP9X at serine residue 2563, which we show to be essential for USP9X to mediate mitotic survival. Starting from an unbiased proteome-wide screening approach, we specify Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1) as the relevant substrate that becomes deubiquitylated and stabilized by serine 2563-phosphorylated USP9X in mitosis." SIGNOR-275613 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT RBFOX1 protein Q9NWB1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000614 18511691 t Luana "MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of six target genes. ChIP with anti-MeCP2 antibody shows that MeCP2 binds to the promoter regions of activated targets Sst, Oprk1, Gamt, and Gprin1, and repressed targets Mef2c and A2bp1." SIGNOR-264681 CLTC protein Q00610 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24789820 t lperfetto "AP2 adaptor complexes, associated at the membrane with PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2), recruit clathin triskelions to initiate lattice assembly. " SIGNOR-260665 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT TLR5 protein O60602 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser805 YQLMKHQsIRGFVQK 9606 BTO:0002181 17442957 t lperfetto "Pkd phosphorylated the tlr5-derived target peptide in vitro, and phosphorylation of the putative target serine 805 in hek 293t cell-derived tlr5 was identified by mass spectrometry. These results demonstrate that both pkd1 and pkd2 are required for inflammatory responses following tlr2, tlr4, or tlr5 activation, although pkd1 is more strongly involved" SIGNOR-154473 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT ZHX1 protein Q9UKY1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" sumoylation Lys626 KKKSKALkEEKMEID 9606 BTO:0000007 23686912 t miannu "Here, we report that the SUMO-E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 was identified to interact with ZHX1 by an interaction screen using a yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays. Further study showed that ZHX1 is SUMOylated by Ubc9 with SUMO1 at the sites K159, K454, and K626. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SUMOylation of ZHX1 regulated the stability, ubiquitination and transcriptional activity of ZHX1. The sumoylation of zinc‐fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) by ubc9 regulates its stability and transcriptional repression activity. However, in the current work, we demonstrated that ZHX1 was only SUMOylated by SUMO1." SIGNOR-263901 PCDHA5 protein Q9Y5H7 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265669 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDUFB6 protein O95139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser55 NKFLENKsPWRKMVH 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275590 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 24089055 t lperfetto "Here we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a widely upregulated gene product in human cancers, is an integral component of the circadian molecular machinery. | The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates MTA1 transcription through a conserved E-box element at its promoter. MTA1, in turn, interacts with and recruits CLOCK-BMAL1 at its own and CRY1 promoters and promotes their transcription." SIGNOR-253723 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 12530968 f lperfetto "The forkhead transcription factor foxo1 is regulated by insulin via akt-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion." SIGNOR-252627 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDUFB6 protein O95139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 WLKDQELsPREPVLP 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275591 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269258 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr319 TSVYESPySDPEELK 9606 BTO:0000661 10037717 t lperfetto "We show here that Tyr315 and Tyr319 in the interdomain B of ZAP-70 are autophosphorylated in vitro and become phosphorylated in vivo upon TCR triggering. Moreover, by mutational analysis, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of Tyr319 is required for the positive regulation of ZAP-70 function." SIGNOR-247053 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIK4 protein Q16099 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 27586965 t miannu "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its biological activity through a variety of receptors. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are divided into two major classes on the basis of the mechanism by which they relay their signal: the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated cation channels, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that are G protein-coupled receptors" SIGNOR-264473 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDUFV1 protein P49821 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr383 HESCGQCtPCREGVD 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275594 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDUFA12 protein Q9UI09 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr142 QEWIPPStPYK 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275595 RPS6KA6 protein Q9UK32 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 32396532 t lperfetto "Moreover, RSK4 stabilized Beta-catenin in the presence of GSK-3Beta WT but not RSK4 stabilizes Beta-catenin through phosphorylation of GSK-3Beta (Ser9) in ESCC cells|GSK-3Beta S9A in ESCC cells, which was similar to overexpression of GSK3Beta S9D|" SIGNOR-275801 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr162 QLAAKLAyLQILSEE 9606 BTO:0001282 16373505 t "PKR autophosphorylates on Y101, Y162, and Y293. unctional characterization of Y101F and Y162F mutants revealed that phosphorylation at these sites is needed for efficient dsRNA binding and kinase dimerization and activation." SIGNOR-251113 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT ATP7A protein Q04656 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser1424 SYELPARsQIGQKSP 10090 29301787 t lperfetto "Akt2 (Protein Kinase B Beta) Stabilizes ATP7A, a Copper Transporter for Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, in Vascular Smooth Muscle: Novel Mechanism to Limit Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus|Immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, and mass spectrometry analysis reveal that insulin stimulates Akt2 binding to ATP7A to induce phosphorylation at Ser1424/1463/1466" SIGNOR-272269 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT ATP7A protein Q04656 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser1466 YSRASINsLLSDKRS 10090 29301787 t lperfetto "Akt2 (Protein Kinase B Beta) Stabilizes ATP7A, a Copper Transporter for Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, in Vascular Smooth Muscle: Novel Mechanism to Limit Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus|Immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, and mass spectrometry analysis reveal that insulin stimulates Akt2 binding to ATP7A to induce phosphorylation at Ser1424/1463/1466" SIGNOR-272270 HHEX protein Q03014 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000089 26728554 f "Hhex is a potential therapeutic target that is specifically required for AML stem cells to repress tumor suppressor pathways and enable continued self-renewal." SIGNOR-256306 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT IL2RA protein P01589 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser268 WQRRQRKsRRTI 9606 BTO:0000782 2303462 t lperfetto "The interleukin-2 (il-2) receptor, the leukocyte-specific membrane glycoprotein, t200, and the class i major histocompatibility antigens (hla) have been identified as substrates for protein kinase c from these studies, it was concluded that ser-247 is the major site of phosphorylation in the il-2 receptor and that thr-250 is a minor site." SIGNOR-22984 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15856019 t gcesareni "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13. Lpa2also can couple to the gi/o, g12/13, and gqfamilies." SIGNOR-135840 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10488065 t gcesareni "Edg-3 and edg-5 couple not only to gibut also to gqand g13." SIGNOR-70667 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDUFA12 protein Q9UI09 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr120 HKFNVTGtPEQYVPY 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275596 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDUFB6 protein O95139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr5 tPDEKLRL 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275597 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1222 ESSSTRRsSEDLSAY 9606 BTO:0000975 17360977 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 initiates insulin signaling, whereas serine/threonine phosphorylation alters the ability of IRS-1 to transduce the insulin signalInsulin increased the phosphorylation of Ser312, Ser616, Ser636, Ser892, Ser1101, and Ser1223" SIGNOR-236729 MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000552 19656324 f miannu "Constitutive expression of MC1R in HaCaT keratinocytes inhibits basal and UVB-induced TNF-alpha production. the constitutive activity of MC1R results in elevated intracellular cAMP level, reduced NF-kappaB activity and decreased TNF-alpha transcription" SIGNOR-252375 ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT GRHL2 protein Q6ISB3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 23814079 f miannu "we could further demonstrate that expression of GRHL2 is directly suppressed by the transcription factor zinc finger enhancer-binding protein 1 (ZEB1), which in turn is a direct target for repression by GRHL2, suggesting that the EMT transcription factors GRHL2 and ZEB1 form a double negative regulatory feedback loop in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-255623 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12435397 t gcesareni "In vivo p38-dependent phosphorylation reduced trans-repressional abilities of tel through ets-binding consensus site" SIGNOR-95622 LIF protein P15018 UNIPROT LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24710148 t milica "The binding of lif to the lifr induces its heterodimerization with gp130. The formation of this complex results in the activation of the receptor-associated janus kinases (jaks), in the phosphorylation of receptor docking sites, and finally in the recruitment of src homology-2 (sh2) domain containing proteins such as stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)." SIGNOR-204847 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT SNTA1 protein Q13424 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser193 GWDSPPAsPLQRQPS 9606 10212242 t lperfetto "Sapk3 phosphorylates alpha1-syntrophin at serine residues 193 and 201 in vitro and phosphorylation is dependent on binding to the pdz domain of alpha1-syntrophin. The finding that sapk3 co-localizes with _1-syntrophin in skeletal muscle, that it binds to the pdz domain of _1-syntrophin, and that phosphorylation of _1-syntrophin depends on this interaction identifies a novel mechanism for targeting a protein kinase to its substrates." SIGNOR-67061 Hypoxia stimulus SIGNOR-ST25 SIGNOR NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000938 15115814 f lperfetto "We found that NP1 colocalizes and physically associates with the fast excitatory GluR1 AMPA receptors and that hypoxia induces a time-dependent increase in the NP1-GluR1 interactions. Thus hypoxia recruits NP1 protein to GluR1 subunits concurrent with the hypoxic excitotoxic cascade.|Rather we propose that through interactions with GluR1 clusters, NP1 modulates the function of AMPA receptors in a manner whereby increased NP1-GluR1 interactions sensitize neurons to hypoxia-induced excitotoxic death." SIGNOR-261431 RNF41 protein Q9H4P4 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 18541373 t miannu "Here we further demonstrated that overexpression of Nrdp1 significantly reduced the endogenous Parkin level in an Nrdp1 dosage-dependent and proteasome-dependent manner. More importantly, Nrdp1 ubiquitinated Parkin and catalyzed the poly-ubiquitin chains on Parkin in vitro as well as in cells, indicating Parkin is an Nrdp1 substrate." SIGNOR-272639 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDUFB6 protein O95139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 WLKDQELsPREPVLP 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275599 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDUFS2 protein O75306 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser364 KVDDAKVsPPKRAEM 24746669 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation" SIGNOR-275600 DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t gcesareni "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)." SIGNOR-103146 PFDN4 protein Q9NQP4 UNIPROT "Prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C513 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32699605 t miannu "The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins.  Canonical prefoldin complex is a heterohexameric complex composed of two α subunits (PFDN3 and PFDN5) and four β subunits (PFDN1, PFDN2, PFDN4 and PFDN6)" SIGNOR-270933 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s." SIGNOR-272751 PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Lys76 YRLVSINkSSPLQKQ -1 10978167 t lperfetto "Plasmin mediates the lysis of fibrin clots and could in different studies activate platelets or inhibit the responses induced by thrombin (41-43). Our study favors a net inactivating effect on PAR1 despite minor cleavage at Arg41, on the basis of preferential cleavage at positions Arg70 and Lys76, COOH-terminal to the Arg41-Ser42 activation site." SIGNOR-263574 ZDHHC2 protein Q9UIJ5 UNIPROT AKAP5 protein P24588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation Cys36 KEKASMLcFKRRKKA 10116 BTO:0004553 25589740 t "Here, we report that the recycling endosome-resident palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC2 interacts with and palmitoylates AKAP79/150 to regulate these plasticity signaling mechanisms" SIGNOR-262295 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Asp-tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29158 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269527 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT GSC protein P56915 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 16611241 f lperfetto "For example, TFII-I binds to the Inr element of the T cell receptor Vbeta gene and activates its transcription in reporter gene assays (Cheriyath et al. 1998). TFII-I also activates transcription of c-fos and Goosecoid through binding to the serum response element and the distal element, respectively (Grueneberg et al. 1997; Ku et al. 2005)." SIGNOR-268536 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH24 protein Q86UP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265840 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2047 QRVSDQNsPVLPKKS 9606 BTO:0000018 27991932 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment, and the KrasG12D and EGFRL858R mutations decrease USP24 protein stability via EGF- or CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser1616, Ser2047 and Ser2604." SIGNOR-275604 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1616 NSHSPAGsAAISQQD 9606 BTO:0000018 27991932 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment, and the KrasG12D and EGFRL858R mutations decrease USP24 protein stability via EGF- or CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser1616, Ser2047 and Ser2604." SIGNOR-275605 USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000018 27991932 t lperfetto "In this study, several cancer-related proteins (Bax, p300, E2F4 and securin) have been proven to be substrates of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 24 (USP24), and relevance has been shown between USP24 and its substrates in samples from clinical lung cancer patients. |Knockdown of USP24 decreases Bax and p300 levels" SIGNOR-275606 USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000018 27991932 t lperfetto "In this study, several cancer-related proteins (Bax, p300, E2F4 and securin) have been proven to be substrates of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 24 (USP24), and relevance has been shown between USP24 and its substrates in samples from clinical lung cancer patients. |Knockdown of USP24 decreases Bax and p300 levels" SIGNOR-275607 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 12684058 t lperfetto "Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 activate alpha-ENaC2 transcription through a GC-rich element (Sp1-binding site) in the promoter. Sp1 and Sp3 are essential for alpha-ENaC2 transcription in lung epithelial cells and that dephosphorylation of the Sp transcription factors by PP1 suppresses alpha-ENaC2 expression." SIGNOR-264652 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 19074868 t gcesareni "The BRCA1-BRCT domains bind to phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and lead to its ubiquitination toward protein degradation" SIGNOR-252458 malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI CPT1C protein Q8TCG5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267116 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser684 GSSTRKDsIPQVLLP 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "Screening for potential mediators of this effect resulted in the identification of the Rac1-specific GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP17 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF6 as new PKA and PKG substrates in platelets. We mapped the PKA/PKG phosphorylation sites to serine 702 on ARHGAP17 using Phos-tag gels and to serine 684 on ARHGEF6. |we show that ARHGEF6 is constitutively linked to GIT1, a GAP of Arf family small G proteins, and that ARHGEF6 phosphorylation enables binding of the 14-3-3 adaptor protein to the ARHGEF6/GIT1 complex." SIGNOR-272161 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser640 RKTERKPsEEEYVIR 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "ARHGEF6 is a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 and constitutively bound to GIT1. NO and PGI2 activate PKG and PKA, respectively and both kinases phosphorylate ARHGEF6 on Ser-684 and possibly on Ser-640. Phosphorylation of ARHGEF6 results in the assembly of a GIT1-ARHGEF6–14-3-3 complex. These changes might contribute to PGI2- and NO-mediated Rac1 inhibition." SIGNOR-272163 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27141364 f irozzo "STAT3 and HIF-1α cooperatively enhance PD-L1 expression in EML4-ALK-translocated pADC cells under hypoxia. Taken together, these findings suggest that EML4-ALK might increase HIF-1α expression under hypoxia by enhancing transcription and inhibiting ubiquitination of HIF-1α, resulting in the stabilization of HIF-1α, consequently contributing to HIF-1α-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 under hypoxia." SIGNOR-259092 SLC1A6 protein P48664 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26687113 t miannu "After release from presynaptic nerve terminals, glutamate is quickly removed from the synaptic cleft by a family of five glutamate transporters, the so-called excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-5)." SIGNOR-264805 herbimycin chemical CHEBI:5674 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000142 11782488 t gcesareni "Herbimycin a and pp2, specific inhibitors of src family kinases, both inhibited h2o2-mediated c-src and bmk1 activation." SIGNOR-113767 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser2047 QRVSDQNsPVLPKKS 9606 BTO:0000018 27991932 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment, and the KrasG12D and EGFRL858R mutations decrease USP24 protein stability via EGF- or CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser1616, Ser2047 and Ser2604." SIGNOR-275610 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR USP24 protein Q9UPU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1616 NSHSPAGsAAISQQD 9606 BTO:0000018 27991932 t lperfetto "Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment, and the KrasG12D and EGFRL858R mutations decrease USP24 protein stability via EGF- or CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser1616, Ser2047 and Ser2604." SIGNOR-275611 AGTR2 protein P50052 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000551 11313903 t gcesareni "These neuropeptide gpcrs are coupled to the activation of phospholipase c, and therefore to calcium ele- vation and protein kinase c (pkc) activation, through g proteins of the alfaq family" SIGNOR-106995 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20957627 t lperfetto "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common smad (co-smad; smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-255832 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1070 ISTHTVTyGNIEGNA -1 11024032 t "Tyr-932, Tyr-1039, Tyr-1070, Tyr-1109, Tyr-1252, Tyr-1336, and Tyr-1472 are Fyn-mediated phosphorylation sites in GluRε2 in vitro." SIGNOR-251170 BBC3 protein Q9BXH1 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15694340 t gcesareni "Only bimbh3 and bbc3 had comparable strong affinities for all the prosurvival proteins. The members that promote cell survival, including mammalian bcl-2, bcl-xl,bcl-w, mcl-1, and a1." SIGNOR-133817 retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) provides essential support to diverse biological systems and physiological processes.| An accrual of biochemical, physiological and genetic data have identified specific functional outcomes for the retinol dehydrogenases, RDH1, RDH10, and DHRS9, as physiological catalysts of the first step in atRA biosynthesis, and for the retinal dehydrogenases RALDH1, RALDH2, and RALDH3, as catalysts of the second and irreversible step." SIGNOR-265121 ADP chemical CHEBI:16761 ChEBI PRKAG1 protein P54619 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21399626 t gcesareni "Amp binding to the gamma-regulatory domain promotes phosphorylation by the upstream kinase, protects the enzyme against dephosphorylation, as well as causing allosteric activation.Adp also stimulates phosphorylation, without stimulating already phosphorylated catalytic subunit. Atp promotes dephosphorylation of catalytic subunit, rendering the ampk enzyme inactive." SIGNOR-172813 bosutinib chemical CHEBI:39112 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258088 RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15454084 t gcesareni "Ryk also binds to dishevelled, through which it activates the canonical wnt, providing a link between wnt and dishevelled" SIGNOR-129574 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 27858941 t miannu "The GAP domain of DAB2IP is homologous to other Ras-GAPs, such as GAP120 and neurofibromin (NF1), and can stimulate the GTPase activity of RAS proteins both in vitro and in cancer cell lines. DAB2IP is able to stimulate in vitro and in vivo the GTPase activity of RAS proteins (H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras) facilitating GTP hydrolysis to GDP." SIGNOR-254747 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser172 NRVKRRPsPYEMEIT 9606 22310283 t llicata "The phosphorylation of serine 172 of tal1 specifically destabilizes tal1 interaction with histone demethylase lsd1 and, therefore, leads to the activation of the certain tal1 target genes in differentiated erythroid cells or t-cell leukemia." SIGNOR-195983 "sphingosine 1-phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60119 ChEBI S1PR5 protein Q9H228 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257580 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 14633703 t "Here, we identify PP1 as a serine/threonine phosphatase that associates with and dephosphorylates AKT in breast cancer cells|The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin and the ErbB inhibitor ZD1839 promote rapid PP1 phosphatase-dependent inactivation of AKT in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells" SIGNOR-248575 IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30518405 f miannu "We further demonstrated that IMPDH2 overexpression accelerated G1/S phase cell cycle transition by inducing increased expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 and downregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. More importantly, G1/S phase cell cycle transition was triggered by IMPDH2 through activation of AKT activity, downregulation of mTOR and FOXO1 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-260960 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9892110 t lperfetto "SMAD6 functions as a negative regulator of the TGFB and BMP signaling pathways by interacting with other SMADs and/or TBRI." SIGNOR-64079 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser243 DKRKDPSsVDIKKVL -1 10480872 t llicata "The CLK family kinases, CLK1 and CLK2, phosphorylate and activate the tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-1B. | although CLK1 and CLK2 directly phosphorylate PTP-1B on both Ser50 and Ser242/Ser243, the preferred CLK phosphorylation site is Ser50, as it is preferentially phosphorylated at an approximate ratio of 9:1 over the Ser242/Ser243 site." SIGNOR-250774 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT PMAIP1 protein Q13794 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14500851 f gcesareni "P53 has the ability to activate transcription of various proapoptotic genes, including those encoding members of the bcl-2 family, such as the bh-3 only proteins bax, noxa, and puma pmaip1 may thus represent a mediator of tp53-dependent apoptosis." SIGNOR-118048 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT STK38L protein Q9Y2H1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys73 RRSQHARkETEFLRL 10090 35670107 t "K6 corresponds to the 6th Lysine, which is in position 73 in the full length sequence" lperfetto "TRIM27 catalyzes non-degradative K6- and K11-linked ubiquitination of the serine/threonine kinase 38-like (STK38L) kinase. In turn, STK38L ubiquitination promotes its activation and phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser495, rendering ULK1 in a permissive state for TRIM27-mediated hyper-ubiquitination of ULK1" SIGNOR-270346 "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "Respiratory electron transport chain" phenotype SIGNOR-PH141 SIGNOR up-regulates 30030361 f lperfetto "The oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) of the mitochondrial inner membrane is composed of five enzymes (complexes I–V; cI–V). In mammals, they are all multimeric and, except for cII, have subunits encoded both in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and the nuclear genome (nDNA)." SIGNOR-262141 HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Hdac4 and hdac5 deacetylate runx2 and lead to a smurf-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-195606 PIK3R3 protein Q92569 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 9415396 t gcesareni "The region between the src homology 2 (sh2) domains of p55pik bound to the nh2 terminus region of p110alpha" SIGNOR-252723 BAZ1B protein Q9UIG0 UNIPROT "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-268826 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 15207708 f gcesareni "Notch signal transduction pathway genes, lfng, hey1, and hes1, are differen-tially regulated by bmp-2 and tgf-beta." SIGNOR-236845 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000567 12853467 t gcesareni "These findings suggest that PKB-dependent binding of 14-3-3s to phospho-Ser483 of cardiac PFK-2 mediates the stimulation of glycolysis by growth factor." SIGNOR-252555 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272179 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds has been previously shown to activate a wide variety of small gtpases, including the ras family members rap1a, rap1b, and k-ras, as well as the rho family members cdc42, rac1, rac2, rhoa, and rhob" SIGNOR-171412 ETNK1 protein Q9HBU6 UNIPROT ethanolaminium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:57603 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 36583229 t lperfetto "ETNK1 encodes ethanolamine kinase 1, which is involved in the de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and is responsible for the phosphorylation of ethanolamine to phosphoethanolamine" SIGNOR-275642 ETNK2 protein Q9NVF9 UNIPROT O-phosphonatoethanaminium(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58190 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 36866238 t lperfetto "Ethanolamine kinase 2 (ETNK2) is a protein-coding gene. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy is one of the diseases linked to the ETNKT2 gene. Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and nuclear receptor meta-pathways are two of the ETNK2-related pathways." SIGNOR-275643 ETNK2 protein Q9NVF9 UNIPROT ethanolaminium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:57603 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 36866238 t lperfetto "Ethanolamine kinase 2 (ETNK2) is a protein-coding gene. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cone-rod dystrophy is one of the diseases linked to the ETNKT2 gene. Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and nuclear receptor meta-pathways are two of the ETNK2-related pathways." SIGNOR-275644 PAK5 protein Q9P286 UNIPROT DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr69 HPDLARRtAQEVETY 9606 BTO:0000150 34936874 t lperfetto "PAK5 promotes RNA helicase DDX5 sumoylation and miRNA-10b processing in a kinase-dependent manner in breast cancer|The increased expression levels of PAK5 and phospho-DDX5 threonine 69 are associated with metastasis and poor clinical outcomes of patients. PAK5 facilitates the phosphorylation-dependent sumoylation of DDX5 to stabilize DDX5. Both the phosphorylation and sumoylation of DDX5 enhance the formation of a DDX5/Drosha/DGCR8 complex, thus promoting microRNA-10b processing." SIGNOR-275658 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272180 MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT KALRN protein O60229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 22508986 t miannu "The brain-specific nucleotide exchange factor kalirin-7 (Kal7) was identified as an MK5 interaction partner and substrate protein. The MK5 substrate Kal7, a Rho GEF and known activator of Rac GTPases, further contributes to PAK activation and actin filament reorganization. Thus, the coordinated phosphorylation of Borg proteins and Kal7 by ERK3 and MK5 constitute a novel signaling cascade involving feed-forward circuits, multiple GTPases, and cytoskeletal elements." SIGNOR-263094 SEC61B protein P60468 UNIPROT "SEC61 complex" complex SIGNOR-C368 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 33925740 t lperfetto "The heterotrimeric Sec61 complex of the ER membrane represents the major entry point for precursor polypeptides into the membrane or lumen of the ER" SIGNOR-265277 Avacopan chemical CID:49841217 PUBCHEM C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31734405 t lperfetto "CCX168 (avocapan), a C5aR antagonist, has proven its safety and efficiency in phase I and phase II trials conducted in AAV patients." SIGNOR-263473 methylnaltrexone chemical CHEBI:136007 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258147 RELB protein Q01201 UNIPROT B_cell_maturation phenotype SIGNOR-PH15 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26385063 f miannu "We have shown here for the first time the role of RelB on lymphocyte development in humans. In the absence of RelB, B cells development is arrested, resulting in poor production of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies." SIGNOR-263655 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH15 protein P55291 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265832 "leuprolide acetate" chemical CHEBI:63597 ChEBI GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22416801 t miannu "Clinical data have shown that the GnRH antagonist, degarelix, is associated with more rapid PSA suppression and improved PSA PFS compared with the GnRH agonist, leuprolide." SIGNOR-259163 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT NET1 protein Q7Z628 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser539 LTAQRRAsTVSSVTQ -1 15684429 t miannu "In this work we show that the Rac/Cdc42hs-regulated protein kinase PAK1 down-regulates the activity of the RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor NET1. Specifically, PAK1 phosphorylates NET1 on three sites in vitro: serines 152, 153, and 538. Replacement of serines 152 and 153 with glutamate residues down-regulates the activity of NET1 as an exchange factor in vitro and its ability to stimulate actin stress fiber formation in cells. Using a phospho-specific antibody that recognizes NET1 phosphorylated on serine 152, we show that PAK1 phosphorylates NET1 on this site in cells and that Rac1 stimulates serine 152 phosphorylation in a PAK1-dependent manner." SIGNOR-263018 HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 25726523 t lperfetto "GATA1 is a new substrate of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), which is phosphorylated on serine 161 and 187 (S161 and S187). GATA1 recruits HDAC3/4 to E-cadherin promoter, which is reduced by GATA1 S161A S187A mutant. These data indicate that phosphorylated GATA1 recruits more HDAC3/4 to promote transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, leading to the EMT of breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-275662 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 25726523 t lperfetto "GATA1 is a new substrate of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), which is phosphorylated on serine 161 and 187 (S161 and S187). GATA1 recruits HDAC3/4 to E-cadherin promoter, which is reduced by GATA1 S161A S187A mutant. These data indicate that phosphorylated GATA1 recruits more HDAC3/4 to promote transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, leading to the EMT of breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-275663 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CCT2 protein P78371 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser260 GSRVRVDsTAKVAEI 9606 19332537 t lperfetto "Furthermore, ha-tagged akt can phosphorylate gst-cct_ protein in vitro" SIGNOR-244172 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001176 19036824 t "The increase in eNOS activity coincided with specific dephosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495, known to enhance eNOS activity. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by calyculin A, tautomycetin, or siRNA against PP1 reversed NF-induced eNOS-Thr495 dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-248501 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 t apalma "Similarly, exposure of cells to oxidative stress, in particular, nitric oxide (NO) or peroxynitrite (ONOO), can activate NF-kB and cause its translocation." SIGNOR-255350 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 15916964 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of atf2 by jnk/p38 on thr69/71 is prerequisite to its transcriptional activities" SIGNOR-137631 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000150 25726523 t lperfetto "GATA1 is a new substrate of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), which is phosphorylated on serine 161 and 187 (S161 and S187). GATA1 recruits HDAC3/4 to E-cadherin promoter, which is reduced by GATA1 S161A S187A mutant. These data indicate that phosphorylated GATA1 recruits more HDAC3/4 to promote transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, leading to the EMT of breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-275664 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000150 25726523 t lperfetto "GATA1 is a new substrate of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), which is phosphorylated on serine 161 and 187 (S161 and S187). GATA1 recruits HDAC3/4 to E-cadherin promoter, which is reduced by GATA1 S161A S187A mutant. These data indicate that phosphorylated GATA1 recruits more HDAC3/4 to promote transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, leading to the EMT of breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-275665 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr307 EKKKPNAtRPVTPPR 9606 10880350 t miannu "Pp1 is a substrate for nek2 and phosphorylation of pp1gamma(1) on two c-terminal sites reduces its phosphatase activity. / threonine-307 and -318 appear to be equally well phosphorylated by nek2" SIGNOR-78306 PKI-587 chemical CID:44516953 PUBCHEM PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205992 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR DOCK6 protein Q96HP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1194 GQRSRLAsMLDSDTE 23462102 t lperfetto "Akt and PP2A reciprocally regulate the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dock6 to control axon growth of sensory neurons|At later developmental stages, the abundance of the kinase Akt increased, resulting in the binding of Akt to Dock6 and the phosphorylation of Dock6 at Ser(1194). | In dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice lacking Dock6, reintroduction of Dock6 with a nonphosphorylatable S1194A mutation rescued axon extension but not branch number, whereas reintroduction of Dock6 with a phosphomimetic S1194E mutation resulted in premature branching" SIGNOR-275667 PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR DOCK6 protein Q96HP0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1194 GQRSRLAsMLDSDTE 23462102 t lperfetto "Akt and PP2A reciprocally regulate the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dock6 to control axon growth of sensory neurons|At later developmental stages, the abundance of the kinase Akt increased, resulting in the binding of Akt to Dock6 and the phosphorylation of Dock6 at Ser(1194). | In dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice lacking Dock6, reintroduction of Dock6 with a nonphosphorylatable S1194A mutation rescued axon extension but not branch number, whereas reintroduction of Dock6 with a phosphomimetic S1194E mutation resulted in premature branching" SIGNOR-275668 DOCK6 protein Q96HP0 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 23462102 t lperfetto "Dock6 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates the Rho family guanosine triphosphatases Rac1 and Cdc42 to regulate the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-275670 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser24 APIRRRSsNYRAYAT 9606 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134609 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser395 SQESEDYsQPSTSSS 9606 BTO:0000971 17936559 t gcesareni "Dephosphorylation stabilizes mdm2 and increases its affinity for p53, inducing p53 degredation. ;phosphorylated s260 and s395 ands260d and s395d mutant peptides inhibited binding of binding of a specific monoclonal antibody raised to mdm2. Phosphorylation of mdm2 regulates p53 degradation." SIGNOR-158324 LIMK1 protein P53667 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 18079118 t gcesareni "Our results suggest that limk1-mediated cofilin phosphorylation is required for accurate spindle orientation by stabilizing cortical actin networks during mitosis" SIGNOR-159885 ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 16291744 t lperfetto "Consistent with the results obtained with COS-7 cells, coexpression of wild-type Œ±-actinin with PTP 1B in PTP 1B-null cells resulted in Src/Œ±-actinin binding and limited the interaction between FAK and Src" SIGNOR-261799 LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25526788 f miannu "LRRC4/NGL-2 can delay the cell cycle in late G1 by increasing the expression of cell cycle inhibitory molecules (p21, p27) and reducing the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CyclinD1, CDK2, CyclinE, CDK4) via the inhibition of K-Ras/c-Raf/ERK/MAPK, PI-3K/AKT/NF- κB, p70S6/PKC and STAT3, and the upregulation of the JNK2/c-Jun/mp53 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-264055 ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000527 23707066 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that a critical factor in the set, ASCL1, activates Wnt signaling by repressing the negative regulator DKK1." SIGNOR-245885 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1008 LPQDKEYyKVKEPGE 9606 BTO:0003892 11731619 t "PTP-PEST-Containing Lysates from EGF-Treated HC11 Cells Dephosphorylate JAK2 More Efficiently than Lysates from Control Cells|phospho-JAK2-specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum (44-426, BioSource Technologies, Inc., Camarillo, CA) which recognizes Tyr1007/1008 in the activation site" SIGNOR-248658 TNFRSF11A protein Q9Y6Q6 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 10075662 f miannu "RANK activates NF-κB by interacting with TRAF6 via a novel TRAF6 interaction motif and TRAF6 potentially activates NIK, leading to NF-κB activation." SIGNOR-253047 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD247 protein P20963 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 8626561 t amattioni "During tcr signaling, lck interacts with numerous molecules, including tcr-zeta. The binding of lck to the tyrosine-phosphorylated zeta chain of the tcr would serve to strengthen the interaction of the associated cd4 and the tcr complex, leading to increased avidity for the antigen-major histocompatibility protein complex." SIGNOR-41361 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 GGGDEPGsPAQGKRG 9606 BTO:0000150 21502402 t llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 68 of twist1 by mapks stabilizes twist1 protein and promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness. this ser 68 is phosphorylated by p38, c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnk), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 in vitro" SIGNOR-173405 SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT CORO1B protein Q9BR76 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser2 sFRKVVRQ 9606 17350576 t gcesareni "Coronin 1b inhibits filament nucleation by arp2/3 complex and this inhibition is attenuated by phosphorylation of coronin 1b at serine 2, a site targeted by ssh1l." SIGNOR-153604 APP protein P05067 UNIPROT NAE1 protein Q13564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000590 25568892 t lperfetto "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the gradual loss of the cognitive function due to neuronal death. Currently no therapy is available to slow down, reverse or prevent the disease. Here we analyze the existing data in literature and hypothesize that the physiological function of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is activating the AppBp1 pathway and this function is gradually lost during the progression of AD pathogenesis." SIGNOR-251577 JMJD1C protein Q15652 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 BTO:0000007 32034158 t miannu "We now determine that JMJD1C is recruited by USF-1 to various lipogenic genes for H3K9 demethylation to enhance chromatin accessibility in the fed state." SIGNOR-265331 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR BHMT protein Q93088 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16953798 f miannu "SAM and MTA down-regulate BHMT expression in HepG2 cells in part by inducing NF-kappaB, which acts as a repressor for the human BHMT gene. While SAM's mechanism is NF-kappaB-dependent, MTA has both NF-kappaB-dependent and -independent mechanisms." SIGNOR-254659 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000318 18519037 t "We found that AML1-ETO is able to inhibit Sp1 transactivity. We also found that this inhibition of Sp1 transactivity by AML1-ETO is achieved by interaction between Sp1 and RUNT domain of AML1" SIGNOR-255671 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21524151 t lperfetto "P53 then transcriptionally upregulates the expression of target genes, of which p21 is critical for inhibiting G1/S entry." SIGNOR-173425 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL2 complex SIGNOR-C196 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 19605937 t lperfetto "Like BMAL1, its paralog BMAL2 dimerizes with CLOCK to activate the E-box-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-253711 RRAGD protein Q9NQL2 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C3 20006481 t gcesareni "Active rag and gtr heterodimers are able to bind and activate torc1, through direct interactions with raptor" SIGNOR-162093 STAT4 protein Q14765 UNIPROT LAMTOR5 protein O43504 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22740693 t miannu "It suggests that HBXIP is able to activate S100A4 promoter via interacting with STAT4 in breast cancer cells, leading to the up-regulation of S100A4. here we first report that the transcription factor STAT4 plays a role in regulating S100A4 mediated by HBXIP in breast cancer." SIGNOR-255247 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 17132853 t miannu "The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma." SIGNOR-256196 flumazenil chemical CHEBI:5103 ChEBI "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Receptors containing the alpha4 or alpha6 subunits, together with beta and gamma2, do not bind the traditional BZ agonists, including zolpidem, but demonstrate high affinity for some ligands, notably the imidazobenzodiazepines such as flumazenil and Ro15-4513, or bretazenil" SIGNOR-263806 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 11884404 f fferrentino "Overexpression and ribozyme-mediated targeting of transcriptional coactivators CREB-binding protein and p300 revealed their indispensable roles in adipocyte differentiation through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma." SIGNOR-250564 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C14 20038579 t lperfetto "This result suggests that ikkgamma/nemo binds to the polyubiquitinated tak1." SIGNOR-162634 "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268601 MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257070 ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT MYOD/E12E47 complex SIGNOR-C127 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241158 "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268595 NFIA protein Q12857 UNIPROT WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268877 luminespib chemical CHEBI:83656 ChEBI HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190038 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser174 LSPASSGsSASFISD 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248681 "Dynorphin B" chemical CHEBI:80347 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258798 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser750 RRKMKKTsTSTETRS 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "Msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758. ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758 are phosphorylated by the n-terminal kinase domain;however, their function is not known." SIGNOR-131399 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT IGFBP3 protein P17936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 17278996 f miannu "We found that MeCP2 directly regulates expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) gene in human and mouse brains. IGFBP3 overexpression was observed in the brains of mecp2-null mice and human RTT patients using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses." SIGNOR-254580 PAH protein P00439 UNIPROT phenylalanine smallmolecule CHEBI:28044 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "L-phenylalanine is converted into L-tyrosine in the liver, by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PH) in the presence of oxygen, iron, and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors" SIGNOR-263988 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257148 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272183 MYCBP2 protein O75592 UNIPROT "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272184 RASGEF1B protein Q0VAM2 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183832 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 LENDFFNsPPRKTVR 9606 15004009 t lperfetto "Cdk2/cyclin e-mediated phosphorylation at ser 44 activates tif-ia" SIGNOR-216682 "SAE1/SAE2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C294 SIGNOR MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys215 TSTHLLLkEDEGVDD 31476572 t lperfetto "MBD4 is sumoylated at three main sites: K137, K215 and K377.|Sumoylation increases the G:T repair activity of MBD4 in cell extracts.|we conducted an in vitrosumoylation assay, employing recombinant activating E1 (Aos1-Uba2) and conjugating E2 (Ubc9) enzymes, along with recombinant YFP-SUMO1 and MBD4 or, as positive control for sumoylation, TDG (Fig. 2D). These results indicate that MBD4 is sumoylated in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-275680 "SAE1/SAE2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C294 SIGNOR MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys377 HLHTDILkRGSEMDN 31476572 t lperfetto "MBD4 is sumoylated at three main sites: K137, K215 and K377.|Sumoylation increases the G:T repair activity of MBD4 in cell extracts.|we conducted an in vitrosumoylation assay, employing recombinant activating E1 (Aos1-Uba2) and conjugating E2 (Ubc9) enzymes, along with recombinant YFP-SUMO1 and MBD4 or, as positive control for sumoylation, TDG (Fig. 2D). These results indicate that MBD4 is sumoylated in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-275681 MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT CYP27B1 protein O15528 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 23195996 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of MBD4 promotes 5-meC glycosylase activity Further evidence emerged to support the involvement of MBD4 in active demethylation. Protein-kinase C phosphorylation of MBD4 at two specific serine residues (165 and 262) following parathyroid hormone stimulation was shown to promote demethylation within the CYP27B1 gene promoter [12]" SIGNOR-275682 MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 23195996 f lperfetto "The base excision repair DNA N-glycosylase MBD4 (also known as MED1), an interactor of the DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1, plays a central role in the maintenance of genomic stability of CpG sites by removing thymine and uracil from G:T and G:U mismatches, respectively. " SIGNOR-275683 MBD4 protein O95243 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23195996 f lperfetto "The base excision repair DNA N-glycosylase MBD4 (also known as MED1), an interactor of the DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1, plays a central role in the maintenance of genomic stability of CpG sites by removing thymine and uracil from G:T and G:U mismatches, respectively. " SIGNOR-275684 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT up-regulates 24086042 f lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein)." SIGNOR-275685 GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR down-regulates -1 10224115 f "G protein alpha subunits Gi1alpha, Gsalpha, and Goalpha are shown to activate the GTPase activity of tubulin, inhibit microtubule assembly, and accelerate microtubule dynamics." SIGNOR-256525 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT SND1 protein Q7KZF4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29296233 t irozzo "These findings reveal that SREBP-2 and SREBP-1 bind to specific sites in SND1 promoter and regulate SND1 transcription in opposite ways; it is induced by SREBP-2 activating conditions and repressed by SREBP-1 overexpression." SIGNOR-259137 GRM7 protein Q14831 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264938 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT H2AC11 protein P0C0S8 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 20551964 t gcesareni "Rnf8 and ubc13 ubiquitylate h2a and h2ax, but other substrates probably exist." SIGNOR-166174 MDH2 protein P40926 UNIPROT NADH smallmolecule CHEBI:16908 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-266288 TAOK3 protein Q9H2K8 UNIPROT TAOK3 protein Q9H2K8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr181 PANSFVGtPYWMAPE 9534 BTO:0004055 10559204 t lperfetto "These data indicate that JIK is indeed the protein kinase present in the immune complex responsible for autophosphorylation and for the phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate. Moreover, our observations suggest that JIK (A181F183) acts as the catalytically inactive mutant of JIK, which is no longer able to potently undergo autophosphorylation and dramatically phosphorylate MBP, as compared with the wild type JIK." SIGNOR-246298 GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT GCGR protein P47871 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22863277 t milica "In contrast, stimulation of gs-coupled receptors by glucagon or epinephrine activates lats1/2 kinase activity, thereby inhibiting yap function." SIGNOR-198504 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272185 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" binding 9606 BTO:0000815 24067369 t miannu "HIC1 interacts with the DNA binding domain of STAT3 and suppresses the binding of STAT3 to its target gene promoters. HIC1 C-terminal domain binds to STAT3. HIC1 mutant defective in STAT3 interaction reduced its repressive effect on STAT3 DNA binding activity, the reporter activity and gene expression of the VEGF and c-Myc genes, and cell growth in MDA-MB 231 cells." SIGNOR-254246 "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272186 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 EEVDLACtPTDVRDV 9606 16103118 t gcesareni "Ikkalpha regulates subcellular localization and proteolysis of cyclin d1 by phosphorylation of cyclin d1 at thr286." SIGNOR-139570 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser189 YRPKPSSsPVIFAGG 9606 BTO:0000664 17475908 t miannu "We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B)." SIGNOR-262911 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTPRCAP protein Q14761 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser153 RAEEARDsDTEGDLV -1 30482149 t miannu "We demonstrated for the first time that LPAP is a substrate for protein kinase CK2 that phosphorylates it at Ser153, presumably ensuring LPAP resistance to degradation." SIGNOR-273629 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr183 DTMAKRNtVIGTPFW 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "Rassf1a apparently protects mst1/2 against inactivation by pp2a , the phosphatases that dephosphorylate the stimulatory thr-183 and thr-180 of mst1 andmst2, respectively." SIGNOR-201270 COX7B protein P24311 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267745 INO80D protein Q53TQ3 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270843 ERCC6 protein Q03468 UNIPROT RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 24086043 f lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275694 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "Notch signal transduction pathway genes, lfng, hey1, and hes1, are differen-tially regulated by bmp-2 and tgf-beta." SIGNOR-254336 ATP1A3 protein P13637 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 22797008 t miannu "The sodium/potassium transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 (AT1A3; syn.: sodium pump subunit alpha-3; E.C. 3.6.3.9; UniProtKB ID: Q6PIC6) belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) 3.A.3 family catalyzing hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action generates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions thus providing energy for active transport of various nutrients. Three sodium/potassium transporting ATPase isoforms are expressed in the brain but AT1A3 is detectable in neurons exclusively." SIGNOR-265792 NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 7537672 f apalma "Activation with lipopolysaccharide induces macrophages to produce the enzymes arginase and nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Both enzymes use as a substrate the ammino acid L-arginine, which can be either hydrolyzed by arginase to urea and ornithine or oxidized by NO synthase to NO and citrulline" SIGNOR-255381 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser351 GRRGRLPsKPKQPPD 9606 11274386 t lperfetto "We show that akt interacts with nur77 and inactivates nur77 by phosphorylation at ser-350" SIGNOR-252466 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269610 GIGYF2 protein Q6Y7W6 UNIPROT "EIF4E2/GIGYF2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C257 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000568 22751931 t SARA "A Novel 4EHP-GIGYF2 Translational Repressor Complex Is Essential for Mammalian Development|GIGYF2 interacts specifically with m4EHP. The stabilities of m4EHP and GIGYF2 proteins are coregulated." SIGNOR-261009 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10029407 f miannu "p53 transcriptionally activates expression of the genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, cathepsin D, and thrombospondin-1 but represses expression of the genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor and multidrug resistance-1." SIGNOR-255434 CBX4 protein O00257 UNIPROT ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16061479 t miannu "Polycomb protein Pc2 acts as an SUMO E3 ligase for SIP1. SIP1 is an active transcription repressor for many transcription factors and target genes. SIP1 Sumoylation Disrupts the Recruitment of the Corepressor CtBP" SIGNOR-225481 AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 32527803 f "inferred from family member" Luana "AMPAR surface diffusion tunes short-term plasticity. | Accordingly, recent studies have suggested that about half of synaptic AMPARs are organized in nanoclusters that are aligned with presynaptic transmitter release sites, supporting the concept of functional nanocolumns to increase the fidelity of fast excitatory transmission. This peculiar organization might also support the proposal that we made 10 years ago that fast surface diffusion of AMPARs tunes frequency-dependent short-term plasticity (FD-STP) by allowing the fast replacement of desensitized receptors by na√Øve ones." SIGNOR-267783 RPA1 protein P27694 UNIPROT BRIP1 protein Q9BX63 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17596542 t irozzo "Our data are consistent with a model in which FANCJ associates with RPA in a DNA damage-inducible manner and through the protein interaction RPA stimulates FANCJ helicase to better unwind duplex DNA substrates. These findings identify RPA as the first regulatory partner of FANCJ." SIGNOR-259187 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser444 QRKSQRSsYVSMRID -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). These data, indicate that S422 and/or S423 are the major sites of PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the 1 GABA receptor.An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262750 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT ATOH1 protein Q92858 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Tyr80 CTARAAQyLLHSPEL 9606 BTO:0004328 29168692 t Gianni "We discovered tyrosine 78 of Atoh1 is phosphorylated by a Jak2-mediated pathway only in tumor-initiating cells and in human SHH-type medulloblastoma. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 78 stabilizes Atoh1, increases Atoh1’s transcriptional activity, and is independent of canonical Jak2 signaling." SIGNOR-262201 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12040173 t lperfetto "The binding of tnf to tnf-r1 triggers a series of intracellular events that ultimately result in the activation of two major transcription factors, nuclear factor kb (nf-kb) and c-jun." SIGNOR-88216 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ORAI1 protein Q96D31 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 GGSTTSGsRRSRRRS 9606 20534587 t llicata "We propose that pkc suppresses soce and crac channel function by phosphorylation of orai1 at n-terminal serine residues ser-27 and ser-30." SIGNOR-166040 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT Cell_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH38 SIGNOR up-regulates 33125874 f SimoneGraziosi "Inhibition of Gli1 with simultaneous increase in Gli2 promotes migration of vNSC-derived cells to demyelinated lesions" SIGNOR-269223 CNTNAP2 protein Q9UHC6 UNIPROT CNTN1 protein Q12860 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0001221 11069942 t Gianni "These results suggest that the targeting of contactin to different axonal domains may be determined, in part, via its association with Caspr." SIGNOR-269074 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT LIMK2 protein P53671 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr526 NGKSYDEtVDIFSFG 9534 BTO:0000298 11018042 t lperfetto "Specific Activation of LIM kinase 2 via Phosphorylation of Threonine 505 by ROCK, a Rho-dependent Protein Kinase" SIGNOR-249053 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR-C29 18756288 t gcesareni "Bmp ligands bind to the bmp receptors bmpr1 and bmpr2, and bmpr2 then phosphorylates and activates bmpr1." SIGNOR-180548 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 10116 BTO:0000452 1749429 t lperfetto "Expression of oncogenic ha-ras augments transactivation by c-jun and stimulates its phosphorylation. Here we describe the mapping of the ha-ras-responsive phosphorylation sites to serines 63 and 73 of c-jun. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that phosphorylation of these serines is essential for stimulation of c-jun activity and for cooperation with ha-ras in ocogenic transformation." SIGNOR-236686 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr211 EYLDDRNtFRHSVVV 9606 22611192 t gcesareni "We show that aurora b phosphorylates p53 at s183, t211, and s215 to accelerate the degradation of p53 through the polyubiquitination-proteasome pathway, thus functionally suppressing the expression of p53 target genes involved in cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis (e.g., p21 and puma)." SIGNOR-197606 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT ALDH2 protein P05091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr202 KLGPALAtGNVVVMK -1 28056995 t lperfetto "Post-translational enhancement of ALDH2 activity can be achieved by serine/threonine phosphorylation by epsilon protein kinase C (epsilonPKC). |e identified S279 as a critical εPKC phosphorylation site in the activation of ALDH2. The critical catalytic site, cysteine 302 (C302) of ALDH2 is susceptible to adduct formation by reactive aldehyde, 4HNE, which readily renders the enzyme inactive. We show that phosphomimetic mutations of T185E, S279E and T412E confer protection of ALDH2 against 4HNE-induced inactivation, indicating that phosphorylation on these three sites by εPKC likely also protects the enzyme against reactive aldehydes." SIGNOR-271865 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser636 SGDYMPMsPKSVSAP 9606 12510059 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-249409 Pyridostigmine chemical CHEBI:8665 ChEBI BCHE protein P06276 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20627738 t Luana "The compounds 3-[(dimethylamino)carboxyl]oxy]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methyl sulfate, better known as neostigmine methyl sulfate (3),1 and 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy]-1-methylpyridinium bromide, pyridostigmine bromide (4)2 (Figure 1) are well known peripheral cholinesterase inhibitors " SIGNOR-257880 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT ERCC5 protein P28715 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 24086043 t lperfetto "GG-NER is initiated by the GG-NER specific factor XPC-RAD23B, in some cases with the help of UV-DDB (UV-damaged DNA-binding protein). TC-NER is initiated by RNA polymerase stalled at a lesion with the help of TC-NER specific factors CSA, CSB, and XAB2. Both pathways require the core NER factors to complete the excision process|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000).|The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275702 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr446 AAVAFQGyLRQTRCA 10433356 t "Binding of IL-10 to the extracellular domain of IL-10R1 activates phosphorylation of the receptor-associated Janus tyrosine kinases, JAK1 and Tyk2. These kinases then phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues (Y446 and Y496) on the intracellular domain of the IL-10R1 chain. Once phosphorylated, these tyrosine residues (and their flanking peptide sequences) serve as temporary docking sites for the latent transcription factor, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3)." SIGNOR-251338 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15856019 t gcesareni "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13." SIGNOR-135837 Y-27632 chemical CHEBI:75393 ChEBI ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207890 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 20179209 t lperfetto "Pkcs phosphorylate bad under in vitro conditions, and the association of phosphorylated bad with pkc-mu or pkc-epsilon, as shown by immunoprecipitation, indicated direct involvement of pkcs in bad phosphorylation. To confirm these results, cells overexpressing pegfp-n1, wt-bad, or bad with a single site mutated (ser112ala;ser136ala;ser155ala), two sites mutated (ser(112/136)ala;ser(112/155)ala;ser(136/155)ala), or the triple mutant were tested. Igf-i protected completely against rapamycin-induced apoptosis in cells overexpressing wt-bad and mutants having either one or two sites of phosphorylation mutated" SIGNOR-163916 HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256783 WDCP protein Q9H6R7 UNIPROT KIF2A protein O00139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30297404 t miannu "PLK1 Phosphorylates MMAP to Promote Its Interaction with KIF2A and MRE11. " SIGNOR-273732 LY2603618 chemical CID:11955855 PUBCHEM CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 33261142 t miannu "Here, using a panel of basal-like cancer cell lines, we explored the synergistic interactions of CHK1 inhibitors (rabusertib and SAR020106) with approved therapies in breast cancer and evaluated their potential to overcome resistance." SIGNOR-262538 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser497 ATVKSRWsGSQQVEQ 9606 8288587 t gcesareni "Pkc can effectively phosphorylate raf-1, this is a direct effect of activated pkc and not the result of raf-1 autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-37470 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr409 TDGLGLSyLSSHIAN -1 10210201 t llicata "Gelsolin phosphorylation by c-Src in the presence of lysophosphatidic acid also revealed Tyr438 as the most prominent site. Additional minor sites were found using the anti-phosphotyrosine bead immunoprecipitation method followed by MALDI-MS and PSD analysis. These sites, representing approximately 5% of the total phosphate incorporation, were identified as Tyr59, Tyr382, Tyr576, and Tyr624." SIGNOR-250780 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT FCGR2C protein P31995 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr294 YETADGGyMTLNPRA -1 8756631 t miannu "Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of FcgRIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addition to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262672 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259211 SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15573378 t ggiuliani "The Runx2 WT and deletion constructs (1 –495, 1–464, and 1–432) all physically interact with the BMP2 responsive Smad 1" SIGNOR-255782 asparagine smallmolecule CHEBI:22653 ChEBI Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270468 ARFGEF1 protein Q9Y6D6 UNIPROT ARF3 protein P61204 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000599 14973189 t lperfetto "Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 (BIG1) is an approximately 200-kDa brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein that preferentially activates ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and ARF3. " SIGNOR-272148 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr826 LPTPTKMtPRSRILV 9606 SIGNOR-C18 9139732 t miannu "We demonstrate that phosphorylation by either cdk2-cyclin a, which phosphorylates t821, or cdk4-cyclin d1, which phosphorylates threonine 826, can disable prb for subsequent binding of an lxcxe protein." SIGNOR-47899 GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256935 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT EREG protein O14944 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "ADAM17 is involved in the release and activation of several growth factors and cytokine receptor ligands. Among the growth factors activated by ADAM17 are TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epiregulin and HB-EGF" SIGNOR-259843 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "As shown in fig. 3a, metformin (0.5 to 2 mmol/l) induced shp gene expression and repressed the camp/dex-induced expression of pepck and g6pase in a dose-dependent manner in h4iie cells" SIGNOR-270256 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20565110 t "We report two crystal structures of the PARP domain of human tankyrase-2 (TNKS2). Tankyrases are involved in fundamental cellular processes such as telomere homeostasis and Wnt signaling." SIGNOR-259995 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-252921 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 29953871 f miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction." SIGNOR-264955 AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR RAG2 protein P55895 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22790199 f gcesareni "Rag gtpases, together with a multi-protein complex called ragulator, mediate amino acid-mediated mtor recruitment to the lysosome surface where mtor becomes activated." SIGNOR-198192 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 SALNRTSsDSALHTS 9606 16308421 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on the ser171 residue of crtc2 by ampk and ampk-related kinases, including the salt-inducible kinases (siks), is critical for determining the activity, cellular localization, and degradation of crtc2" SIGNOR-142218 RPA3 protein P35244 UNIPROT Nucleotide-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH209 SIGNOR up-regulates 24086043 f lperfetto "The core NER dual incision reaction has been reconstituted in vitro with purified factors using XPC-RAD23B, TFIIH, XPA, RPA, XPG, and ERCC1-XPF (Aboussekhra et al. 1995; Mu et al. 1995; Araujo et al. 2000). Functional studies revealed that XPC-RAD23B is the initial damage recognition factor in this system, as the presence of XPC-RAD23B is required for assembly of the other core NER factors and progression through the NER pathway both in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-275707 UNG protein P13051 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275711 SMUG1 protein Q53HV7 UNIPROT Base-excision_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH222 SIGNOR up-regulates 23545420 f lperfetto "The BER pathway is initiated by one of at least 11 distinct DNA glycosylases, depending on the type of lesion (Table 1)." SIGNOR-275712 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GABRR1 protein P24046 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser444 QRKSQRSsYVSMRID -1 12175859 t miannu "Here, we have identified phosphorylation sites on the human ρ1 GABA receptor for six protein kinases widely expressed in the brain: protein kinase C (PKC); cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA); calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaMKII); casein kinase (CKII); mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK); and cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). The PKC family contains 12 identified mammalian isoenzymes that are universally expressed in all cells and tissues and generally have a cytosolic distributionExamination of two groups of serine and threonine mutations (Fig. 3A, lanes 2 and 3) enabled us to localize the phosphorylation to four specific residues at positions 419, 422, 423, and 426. Fig. 3B shows the levels of phosphorylation with different combinations of the four mutations. Elimination of all four serines completely eliminated phosphorylation (Fig. 3B, lane 1).An extensive functional analysis comparing wild type 1 receptors and receptors with select or multiple phosphorylation sites removed as well as pharmacological manipulation of five kinase pathways failed to reveal any functional effects of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262755 KIRREL3 protein Q8IZU9 UNIPROT CASK protein O14936 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000232 33853164 t miannu "A Missense De Novo Variant in the CASK-interactor KIRREL3 Gene Leading to Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Mild Cerebellar Hypoplasia. KIRREL3 is a gene important for the central nervous system development-in particular for the process of neuronal migration, axonal fasciculation, and synaptogenesis-and colocalizes and cooperates in neurons with CASK gene. " SIGNOR-269078 HSPA1B protein P0DMV9 UNIPROT GSTA4 protein O15217 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization phosphorylation:Thr193;Ser189 VKLSNIPtIKRFLEP;QEYTVKLsNIPTIKR 21929724 t lperfetto "Model showing Ser189/Thr193 protein kinase dependent phosphorylation of GST A4‐4 has increased affinity for chaperone Hsp70 which activates mitochondrial competent import signals for GSTA4‐4. |Protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation of serine residues of CYPs increases the affinity of proteins for binding to cytoplasmic chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsp), Hsp70/Hsp90, resulting in increased mitochondrial translocation" SIGNOR-264800 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1834 MLRRRMAsMQRTGVV 9606 16926151 t lperfetto "We find that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid stimulates akt activity, which is required to phosphorylate p300 at ser(1834). Akt-mediated phosphorylation of p300 dramatically increases its acetyltransferase activity" SIGNOR-148987 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT TNFAIP8L2 protein Q6P589 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser3 sFSSKSLA 9606 BTO:0000007 32188758 t done miannu " TAK1 phosphorylated the Ser3 in the noncanonical degron motif of TIPE2 to trigger its interaction with β-TrCP for subsequent ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-273668 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser52 KRVELPDsPRSTFLL 23524951 t lperfetto "We show that under non-autophagic conditions, mTOR inhibits AMBRA1 by phosphorylation, whereas on autophagy induction, AMBRA1 is dephosphorylated. In this condition, AMBRA1, interacting with the E3-ligase TRAF6, supports ULK1 ubiquitylation by LYS-63-linked chains, and its subsequent stabilization, self-association and function. As ULK1 has been shown to activate AMBRA1 by phosphorylation, the proposed pathway may act as a positive regulation loop, which may be targeted in human disorders linked to impaired autophagy.|mTOR phosphorylates AMBRA1 at Ser 52, inhibiting its role in ULK1 modification" SIGNOR-272986 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser12 FSLHDALsGSGNPNP -1 8253806 t llicata "L-29, a soluble lactose-binding lectin, is phosphorylated on serine 6 and serine 12 in vivo and by casein kinase I." SIGNOR-250789 SKA2 protein Q8WVK7 UNIPROT "SKA complex" complex SIGNOR-C364 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 22483620 t lperfetto "We show that the structure of the Ska core complex is a W-shaped dimer of coiled coils, formed by intertwined interactions between Ska1, Ska2, and Ska3." SIGNOR-265195 VPS41 protein P49754 UNIPROT "HOPS tethering complex" complex SIGNOR-C549 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23351085 t miannu "The two Vps-C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof-read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A) The core subunits Vps11, Vps16 and Vps18 present the SNARE-interacting Vps33 subunit on one side and bind the Rab GTPase interaction module through Vps3/Vps8 (in CORVET) or Vps39/Vps41 (in HOPS) on the other side (Fig. 3A)" SIGNOR-273689 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser844 GSGSEAAsLSSLNSS 17353278 t lperfetto "Casein kinase 1 is a novel negative regulator of E-cadherin-based cell-cell contacts|CK1 colocalizes with E-cadherin and phosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin in vitro and in a cell culture system. We show that the major CK1 phosphorylation site of E-cadherin is serine 846" SIGNOR-274045 YWHAE protein P62258 UNIPROT GRIN2C protein Q14957 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10090 19477150 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that PKB/Akt directly phosphorylates NR2C on serine 1096 (S1096). In addition, we identify 14-3-3epsilon as an NR2C interactor, whose binding is dependent on S1096 phosphorylation. These data are all consistent with a model in which NR1 and NR2C oligomerize, PKB phosphorylates S1096, and 14-3-3ε binds to phosphorylated NR2C thereby promoting NR2C-containing NMDA receptor surface expression in cerebellar granule cells." SIGNOR-262622 "Ndc80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C361 SIGNOR "KMN network" complex SIGNOR-C366 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 18007590 t lperfetto "The 10-subunit KMN assembly (comprising KNL1, MIS12, and NDC80 complexes, designated KNL1C, MIS12C, and NDC80C) binds microtubules and regulates mitotic checkpoint function through NDC80C and KNL1C," SIGNOR-265218 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT SEC63 protein Q9UGP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser748 DSEGFEDsFEEEEEE 9606 BTO:0000599 23287549 t lperfetto "Sec63 was identified as a novel substrate and binding partner of protein kinase CK2. We identified serine 574, serine 576 and serine 748 as CK2 phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of Sec63 by CK2 enhanced its binding to Sec62." SIGNOR-265272 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20086235 f "JNK phosphorylates proteins that are part of AP-1, in particular c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2). With dominant-negative mutants, antisense RNA, inhibitors, and genetic ablation, it has been shown that JNK and c-Jun play a major role in IL-1–induced expression of genes encoding IL-6 and IL-8 and other IL-1–responsive genes" SIGNOR-254513 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser180 FGRDLQSsDRLSNHI 9606 BTO:0001260 20649491 t lperfetto "A pkc activator, significantly increased g6pd phosphorylation and activity, whereas single (s210a, t266a) and double (s210a/t266a) mutations at sites flanking the g6pd active site significantly inhibited phosphorylation, shifted the isoelectric point, and reduced enzyme activity." SIGNOR-167049 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 BTO:0002552 17967874 t gcesareni "The increased interaction between B56gamma and p53 after DNA damage requires ATM-dependent phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15." SIGNOR-158636 PI-103 chemical CHEBI:90524 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252651 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT SNX8 protein Q9Y5X2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr126 MLLHKFPyRMVPALP 9606 BTO:0000007 29180417 t miannu "IFNγ induced JAK1-mediated phosphorylation of SNX8 at Tyr95 and Tyr126, which promoted the recruitment of IKKβ to the JAK1 complex. " SIGNOR-273645 LRRC45 protein Q96CN5 UNIPROT CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24035387 t miannu "Here, we show that LRRC45 is a centrosome linker that localizes at the proximal ends of the centrioles and forms fiber-like structures between them. Depletion of LRRC45 results in centrosome splitting during interphase. LRRC45 interacts with C-Nap1 and rootletin" SIGNOR-273703 SNAP29 protein O95721 UNIPROT "STX17-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C551 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23217709 t miannu "Here, we identify syntaxin 17 (Stx17) as the autophagosomal SNARE required for fusion with the endosome/lysosome. Stx17 localizes to the outer membrane of completed autophagosomes but not to the isolation membrane (unclosed intermediate structures); for this reason, the lysosome does not fuse with the isolation membrane. Stx17 interacts with SNAP-29 and the endosomal/lysosomal SNARE VAMP8." SIGNOR-273710 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 9606 SIGNOR-C83 24173284 t lperfetto "The N-terminus of E2F1 can interact directly with a region towards the C-terminus of p53, resulting in increased nuclear retention of p53 and p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. This is inhibited by competition between p53 and cyclin A at the binding site within E2F19,10. The interaction between p53 and E2F1 is enhanced by phosphorylation of p53 on Ser315, a residue within the E2F1 binding region that is phosphorylated by cell cycle kinases such as cdk1, cdk2, cdk9 and Aurora kinase A" SIGNOR-119379 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t lperfetto "The egf-r coimmunoprecipitated with p85 alpha" SIGNOR-252672 RNF138 protein Q8WVD3 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16714285 t miannu "Here, we show that NARF induces the ubiquitylation of TCF/LEF in vitro and in vivo, and functions as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase that specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K. We found that NLK augmented NARF binding and ubiquitylation of TCF/LEF, and this required NLK kinase activity. The ubiquitylated TCF/LEF was subsequently degraded by the proteasome." SIGNOR-271595 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HSPB8 protein Q9UJY1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr87 GVPAEGRtPPPFPGE 9606 BTO:0000887 11342557 t lperfetto "Hsp22 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (at residues ser(14) and thr(63)) and by p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (at residues ser(27) and thr(87)). Concerning the possible function of hsp22, no definitive conclusions can be drawn with the available data, although its function might be to bind to and modulate the activity of hsp27.Some Studies claimed that phosphorylation is required for the translocation" SIGNOR-107680 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257165 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1247 AMQSNSPsQEQQQQQ 9606 15173573 t lperfetto "Tonebp/orebp contains atm consensus phosphorylation sites at ser-1197, ser-1247, and ser-1367. In conclusion, signaling via atm is necessary for full activation of tonebp/orebp" SIGNOR-125077 "AIM2 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C222 SIGNOR "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256382 PMS1 protein P54277 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 9500552 f "Germline mutations in the human MSH2, MLH1, PMS2 and PMS1 DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene homologues appear to be responsible for most cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer" SIGNOR-257597 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser36 HPGFDAEsYTFTVPR 23972993 t "For phosphorylated residues see Figure 7" lperfetto "Priming phosphorylation of Cdh1 by the Cdk2/cyclin A kinase complex allows Plk1 to bind to Cdh1 and phosphorylate Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146. Phosphorylation of Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146 then triggers its interaction with, and subsequent ubiquitination by, SCFbeta-TRCP" SIGNOR-274051 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr40 DAESYTFtVPRRHLE 23972993 t "For phosphorylated residues see Figure 7" lperfetto "Priming phosphorylation of Cdh1 by the Cdk2/cyclin A kinase complex allows Plk1 to bind to Cdh1 and phosphorylate Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146. Phosphorylation of Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146 then triggers its interaction with, and subsequent ubiquitination by, SCFbeta-TRCP" SIGNOR-274052 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser146 LLTFPNSsPGLRRQK phosphorylation:Ser36;Thr40 HPGFDAEsYTFTVPR;DAESYTFtVPRRHLE 23972993 t "For phosphorylated residues see Figure 7" lperfetto "Priming phosphorylation of Cdh1 by the Cdk2/cyclin A kinase complex allows Plk1 to bind to Cdh1 and phosphorylate Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146. Phosphorylation of Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146 then triggers its interaction with, and subsequent ubiquitination by, SCFbeta-TRCP" SIGNOR-274054 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT FXR1 protein P51114 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser420 SERKDELsDWSLAGE 9534 BTO:0000298 20417602 t done miannu "Identification of Ser420 in FXR1 as a PAK1 Kinase Target. During zebrafish muscle development, FXR1 Ser420 phosphorylation is needed for protein function." SIGNOR-273713 CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Besides tau phosphorylation, calpain activation might play a role in tau-mediated neurodegeneration by inducing tau cleavage. In vitro studies have shown that both fetal and adult tau isoforms are rapidly proteolyzed by calpains" SIGNOR-251584 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser392 FKTEGPDsD 10747897 t miannu "We demonstrate that anisomycin- and tumor necrosis factor--induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-392, which is important for the transcriptional activity of this growth suppressor protein, requires p38 MAP kinase" SIGNOR-250114 Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine chemical CID:94880 PUBCHEM KCNN4 protein O15554 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258025 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TPR protein P12270 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2214 GGRSVPTtPLQVAAP 9606 18794356 t miannu "Tpr is phosphorylated by erk2 at four different sites. / because phosphorylation of tpr by activated erk stabilizes their interaction, we hypothesize that this phosphorylation is not part of a signal amplification cascade but rather positions activated erk to perform a continuing function in the nuclear pore." SIGNOR-181026 TGFB2 protein P61812 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11157754 t gcesareni "We show that tbetarii-b, an alternatively spliced variant of the tgf-beta type ii receptor, is a tgf-beta2 binding receptor, which mediates signalling via the smad pathway in the absence of any tgf-beta type iii receptor" SIGNOR-104795 BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT PKN3 protein Q6P5Z2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 30422386 t lperfetto "Taken together, the data suggest that p130Cas expression induces PKN3 activation and this activation is independent of p130Cas–PKN3 interaction." SIGNOR-264573 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser499 VKSRWSGsQQVEQPT 9606 12551925 t gcesareni "For example, PKCα phosphorylates Raf-1 at serine 499 (13), but mutation of this residue did not impede activation of Raf-1 by the physiological stimulators Ras and Lck. Similarly, both v-Src and phorbol esters were able to activate Raf-1 even though the PKC phosphorylation sites at serine 497 and serine 499 were mutated to alanine (14). Thus, although some PKC phosphorylation sites on Raf-1 have been identified, these sites do not appear to be required for activation of Raf-1." SIGNOR-97644 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000199 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253416 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT MORC2 protein Q9Y6X9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser739 ATPSRKRsVAVSDEE 9606 BTO:0003878 25888627 t done miannu "We demonstrate that PAK1-mediated MORC2 phosphorylation promotes cell cycle progression, defective phosphorylation of MORC2-S677A results in attenuated cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells, which is significantly enhanced in overexpression of phospho-mimic MORC2-S677E form, suggesting the importance of MORC2 phosphorylation in tumorigenesis. " SIGNOR-273714 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18097445 f gcesareni "This process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (momp) results in the release of cycs. It is commonly thought that bax and bak form pores in membranes" SIGNOR-160036 RREB1 protein Q92766 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 17550981 f "RREB-1 bound to the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Transient expression of RREB-1 down-regulated AR-mediated promoter activity and suppressed expression of PSA protein." SIGNOR-253661 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16880529 f gcesareni "The zinc finger transcription factor gli2 mediates bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression in osteoblasts in response to hedgehog signaling" SIGNOR-148346 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PSMA3 protein P25788 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser243 AEKYAKEsLKEEDES -1 8619999 t llicata "Several C8 protein constructs allow the location of the CKII phosphorylation sites to be the COOH terminal portion of the protein, and direct mutational analyses show that Ser-243 and Ser-250 are the residues of the C8 subunit phosphorylated by CKII. The in vitro phosphorylation of the proteasome by CKII does not affect its proteolytic activity (on proteins or fluorogenic synthetic peptides), therefore suggesting its involvement in the interaction of the proteasome with other cellular proteins, i.e. in the formation of the 26S complex and/or in the interaction with the nuclear translocation machinery." SIGNOR-250938 CNOT9 protein Q92600 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268303 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PPP1R3C protein Q9UQK1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser33 MRLCLAHsPPVKSFL 10029 BTO:0000246 19171932 t miannu "AMPK induces the phosphorylation of residues Ser-8 and Ser-268 in R5/PTG. We now demonstrate that phosphorylation of R5/PTG at Ser-8 by AMPK accelerates its laforin/malin-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, which results in a decrease of its glycogenic activity. Thus, our results define a novel role of AMPK in glycogen homeostasis." SIGNOR-273739 AKAP11 protein Q9UKA4 UNIPROT IQGAP2 protein Q13576 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21776420 t miannu "We show that IQGAP2 is regulated by an interaction with the A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220. Phosphorylation of IQGAP2 via AKAP220-anchored PKA leads to enhanced Rac binding. Since AKAPs function to direct PKA toward specific substrates, we proposed that the formation of an IQGAP2/AKAP220/PKA ternary complex sharpens the response to cAMP." SIGNOR-273740 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI RPS6KC1 protein Q96S38 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 12077123 t "In vitro protein kinase assay showing that RPK118 has no protein kinase activity." miannu "We have shown here that a newly identified protein, RPK118, can bind to and co-localize with SPHK1 in COS7-cells. As shown in Fig.8, RPK118 exhibited specific binding to PtdIns (3)P compared with other phosphoinositides. RPK118 Interacts Specifically with Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate (PtdIns (3)P) through Its PX Domain. In vitro protein kinase assay showing that RPK118 has no protein kinase activity." SIGNOR-273743 clofarabine chemical CHEBI:681569 ChEBI RRM1 protein P23921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1707752 t miannu "Effects of 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 Cellular Metabolism and the Inhibition of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase and DNA Polymerases by Its 5′-Triphosphate" SIGNOR-258357 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1763 TPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248825 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr235 SSSSPPGtPSPADAK 10090 BTO:0001169 22355693 t "We found that expression of srebf1a depended on GSK3β activity and that GSK3β activity was necessary for C/EBPβ phosphorylation at Thr188" SIGNOR-251644 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252282 DHRS9 protein Q9BPW9 UNIPROT retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS10" SIGNOR-265116 RIMBP3B protein A6NNM3 UNIPROT RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264364 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT THBS1 protein P07996 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254842 N-[5-[(2R)-2-methoxy-1-oxo-2-phenylethyl]-4,6-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)benzamide chemical CHEBI:94490 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191277 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31815138 f Monia "Western blot showed that Sirt5 overexpression upregulated Nrf2. Sirt5 attenuates apoptosis through Nrf2/HO-1 and Bcl-2." SIGNOR-261208 NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser472 AGVTRSAsSPRLSSS 9606 20354225 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser(445), ser(472), and ser(910) of mypt1 by nuak1 promoted the interaction of mypt1 with 14-3-3 adaptor proteins, thereby suppressing phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-164751 RPS6KC1 protein Q96S38 UNIPROT SPHK1 protein Q9NYA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 12077123 t "In vitro protein kinase assay showing that RPK118 has no protein kinase activity." miannu "The PSK2 domain of RPK118 is required for binding to SPHK1 as demonstrated by the results from immunoprecipitation analyses (Fig. 6) as well as yeast two-hybrid screening (Fig. 1A). The overexpression of RPK118 in COS7 cells did not cause any change in the intracellular content of SPP with repeated experiments, and RPK118 binding to SPHK1 did not alter the enzymatic activity of SPHK1 in vitro (data not shown), suggesting that RPK118 may function only as an adaptor molecule for SPHK1" SIGNOR-273744 FAM83A protein Q86UY5 UNIPROT CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273748 FAM83D protein Q9H4H8 UNIPROT CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273749 FAM83E protein Q2M2I3 UNIPROT CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273750 FAM83A protein Q86UY5 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273756 PTPRD protein P23468 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0000007 19478061 t "Transfection of wild-type PTPRD resulted in the specific dephosphorylation of STAT3 at tyrosine 705, a residue that must be phosphorylated for STAT3 to be active" SIGNOR-248442 TRAF3 protein Q13114 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16306937 f miannu "TRAF3 is essential for the induction of type I interferons (IFN) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), but is dispensable for expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines." SIGNOR-256077 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" -1 10988287 f lperfetto "One indirect means through which caspase-8 might regulate caspase-9 activation is through a bcl-2-regulated pathway." SIGNOR-256479 "perfluorononanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:38397 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23764977 t miannu "Seven PFCs [perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA)] were analyzed in vitro for their potential to affect estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivity as well as aromatase enzyme activity. The PFCs were assessed as single compounds and in an equimolar mixture. PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA significantly induced the ER transactivity, whereas PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA significantly antagonized the AR activity in a concentration-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-268769 MCHR1 protein Q99705 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257147 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr223 LKKVVALyDYMPMNA 9606 BTO:0000567 12445832 t gcesareni "In this report we describe for the first time that c-Abl and Btk physically interact and that c-Abl can phosphorylate tyrosine 223 in the SH3 domain of Btk" SIGNOR-245278 LAMA1 protein P25391 UNIPROT Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7496033 t lperfetto "Laminin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein composed of three polypeptide chains that are designated alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 1." SIGNOR-253232 KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12426306 f fspada "Constitutive overexpression of klf2 but not klf15 potently inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) expression with no effect on the upstream regulators c/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta." SIGNOR-95519 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT Membrane_blebbing phenotype SIGNOR-PH24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 10200555 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for blebbing, chromatin condensation and dna fragmentation" SIGNOR-66866 8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione chemical CHEBI:92539 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190687 GNB2 protein P62879 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23074268 f gcesareni "Furthermore, this work suggested that the gbetagamma subunits released upon gi activation activated phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma) to produce inositol 3 phosphate (ip3) which would subsequently increase intracellular ca2+ abundance." SIGNOR-199132 PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase delta" complex SIGNOR-C376 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 12930972 t lperfetto "Processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases delta and epsilon requires the cellular replication factor C (RF‐C) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)." SIGNOR-265511 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser382 KRASFAKsVIGTPEF 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000671 18270262 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that wnk1 is rapidly activated and phosphorylated at multiple residues after exposure of cells to hyperosmotic conditions and that activation is mediated by the phosphorylation of its t-loop ser382 residue, possibly triggered by a transautophosphorylation reaction." SIGNOR-160850 FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT SLCO1B3 protein Q9NPD5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14739090 f lperfetto "The human organic anion transporting polypeptide 8 (SLCO1B3) gene is transcriptionally repressed by hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta in hepatocellular carcinoma." SIGNOR-268987 KAT6B protein Q8WYB5 UNIPROT KAT6A/KAT6B complex SIGNOR-C54 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17694082 t miannu "Like gcn5/pcaf and p300/cbp, moz and morf are transcriptional co-activators with intrinsic hat activity." SIGNOR-157307 prednisone chemical CHEBI:8382 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 9753485 t "Crohn's Disease" gcesareni SIGNOR-251703 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 14625308 f lperfetto "Formation of the signaling il-1 receptor complex results in the activation and hyperphosphorylation of irak-1." SIGNOR-119208 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser461 NPLMRRNsVTPLASP 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0000671 SIGNOR-C15 12065600 t llicata "Ipfk-2 was phosphorylated on the homologous serine (ser-461) and activated by ampk in vitro." SIGNOR-89760 BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser232 LTLWTSDsAGEECDA -1 16045749 t llicata "We show here that BCR interacts with at least five isoforms of 14-3-3 in vivo and phosphorylates 14-3-3tau on Ser233 and to a lesser extent 14-3-3zeta on Thr233" SIGNOR-250594 FAM83D protein Q9H4H8 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273757 PAX7-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP11 SIGNOR FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 f miannu "Several deregulated signalling pathways enhance cell growth by modulating cell-cycle regulatory factors in RMS. The most frequently affected signalling pathways include the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In ARMS, PAX-FOXO1 activates these pathways by transcriptional activation of receptor genes including IGFR1, FGFR4, MET (c-Met), and PDGFRA." SIGNOR-251565 SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12514131 t gcesareni "We confirmed that posh binds activated rac1 and find that it also binds all mlk family members tested and interacts with mkk4/7 as well as jnk1 and jnk2." SIGNOR-96955 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8131746 t lperfetto "Activation of mek family kinases requires phosphorylation of two conserved ser/thr residues.Phosphopeptide analysis demonstrated that serine residues 218 and 222 of human mek1 are the primary sites for phosphorylation by c-raf" SIGNOR-244892 MORF4L1 protein Q9UBU8 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269299 PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 19270693 t lperfetto "The beclin 1-vps34 interaction regulates autophagy." SIGNOR-184521 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11684023 t gcesareni "Interaction of myod with hdac1 in undifferentiated myoblasts mediates repression of muscle-specific gene expression." SIGNOR-111243 ELOVL3 protein Q9HB03 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267886 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser274 ASPQRSRsPSPQPSS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248375 FAM83E protein Q2M2I3 UNIPROT CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273758 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT USP21 protein Q9UK80 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser538 VYNDSRVsPVSENQV 9606 BTO:0000567 28254948 t done miannu "In this study, we found that USP21 is an important deubiquitinating enzyme for STING and that it negatively regulates the DNA virus-induced production of type I interferons by hydrolyzing K27/63-linked polyubiquitin chain on STING. HSV-1 infection recruited USP21 to STING at late stage by p38-mediated phosphorylation of USP21 at Ser538. I" SIGNOR-273670 DPF3 protein Q92784 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270730 HSPA1B protein P0DMV9 UNIPROT ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19083193 t miannu "We demonstrated the binding of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) to ENPP1-3'UTR. Through this binding, HSP70 stabilizes ENPP1 mRNA and increases ENPP1 transcript and protein levels. This positive modulation of ENPP1 expression is paralleled by a reduced insulin-induced IR and IRS-1 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252198 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2J1 protein Q9Y385 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271308 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1784 TPTSPNYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203556 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser363 TSRTPKDsPGIPPSA 9534 BTO:0001538 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252759 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TRPM8 protein Q7Z2W7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr17 MRNRRNDtLDSTRTL 9606 BTO:0000007 20110357 t done miannu "Using specific pharmacological and molecular tools combined with patch-clamp current recordings, we found that in heterologously expressed HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells, TRPM8 channel is inhibited by the G(i) protein/adenylate cyclase (AC)/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade. We further identified the TRPM8 S9 and T17 as two key PKA phosphorylation sites regulating TRPM8 channel activity. the intracellular serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylates TRPM8 Ser-9 and Thr-17 inhibiting the channel activity." SIGNOR-273793 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT BAG1 protein Q99933 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18413740 f lperfetto "DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3B activate BAG-1 expression via recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS and modulation of promoter histone methylation" SIGNOR-254108 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT PLD1 protein Q13393 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11102529 t gcesareni "Our results demonstrate that direct stimulation of pld1 in vivo by rhoa" SIGNOR-84953 "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR SIRT6 protein Q8N6T7 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 25815987 t miannu "Intriguingly, SIRT6 is chromatin bound, controls lipid metabolism, and is enzymatically activated by fatty acids" SIGNOR-268156 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr21 YGGAGGYtQSPGGFG 9606 14872059 t llicata "We show that both dna-pk and atm phosphorylate rpa32 on thr21 in vitro." SIGNOR-121873 BMP15 protein O95972 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 SIGNOR-C29 16446785 t gcesareni "Here we have performed a detailed in situ hybridization analysis of the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the bmp ligands (bmp-2, -3, -3b, -4, -6, -7, -15), receptors (bmpr-ia, -ib, -ii), and bmp antagonist, follistatin, in rat ovaries over the normal estrous cycle." SIGNOR-144098 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HOXB7 protein P09629 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr204 KTAGPGTtGQDRAEA 10090 BTO:0002882 11290787 t llicata "Thus, we concluded that CKII can phosphorylate HOXB7 in vitro and that this phosphorylation occurs at both of the CKII target sites, S133 and T204. | Wild-type HOXB7 inhibited the differentiation of 32D cells, whereas mutations in the Pbx-binding pentapeptide motif or the DNA-binding homeodomain, as well as internal deletions of the N-terminal unique region, blocked this effect. Interestingly, mutations eliminating two target sites for casein kinase II, the glutamate-rich C terminus, or the first 14 amino acids of HOXB7, led to enhanced 32D differentiation." SIGNOR-250897 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18997794 t gcesareni "A traf2 trimer interacts with one ciap2 both in the crystal and in solution through its death domain and amino-terminal region, tradd recruits rip1 (receptor-interacting protein), traf2, and through its interaction with traf2, c-iap1 and c-iap2 (13). Traf2 recruit ciap1 and ciap2. A traf2 trimer interacts with one ciap2 both in the crystal and in solution." SIGNOR-182137 PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 10702794 t "HePTP efficiently dephosphorylated active ERK2 on the tyrosine residue in the activation loop in vitro. Together, these data identify ERK2 as a specific and direct target of HePTP and are consistent with a model in which HePTP negatively regulates ERK2 activity as part of a feedback mechanism" SIGNOR-248484 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PPP1R16B protein Q96T49 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser331 SQLRHKSsLSRRTSS -1 27939168 t done miannu "PKCα phosphorylated the full length recombinant TIMAP in in vitro kinase assay and Ser331 of TIMAP was shown to be phosphorylated by PKC. Phosphorylation of TIMAP upon PKC activation in endothelial cells results in enrichment of TIMAP in the membrane, but no such change can be observed in PKC depleted cells. Phosphorylation state of TIMAP, through affecting PP1 activity, has a remarkable effect on endothelial barrier function." SIGNOR-273802 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PLEKHG2 protein Q9H7P9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr489 SEPVKDPyVMFPQNA 9606 BTO:0000007 24378532 t done miannu "Through deletion and base substitution mutagenesis we have identified Tyr489 of PLEKHG2 as the site phosphorylated by cSrc.The interaction between PLEKHG2 and the full-length of PIK3R3, but not ABL1, occurs in a tyrosine-phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-273808 MRPS14 protein O60783 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000934 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261456 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT SIKE1 protein Q9BRV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser185 KELRELLsISSESLQ 9606 BTO:0000007 23649622 t done miannu "TBK1 phosphorylates SIKE on six serine residues that mimic the IRF3 phosphorylation sequence.TBK1-SIKE interactions were modulated by SIKE phosphorylation, clustered in the C-terminal portion of SIKE (Ser-133, -185, -187, -188, -190, and -198). Here, we describe the mechanism by which suppressor of IKKε (SIKE) inhibits TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), which is essential to type I interferon production. Kinetic analyses showed that SIKE not only inhibits IRF3 phosphorylation but is also a high affinity TBK1 substrate." SIGNOR-273813 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT SIKE1 protein Q9BRV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser187 LRELLSIsSESLQAR 9606 BTO:0000007 23649622 t done miannu "TBK1 phosphorylates SIKE on six serine residues that mimic the IRF3 phosphorylation sequence.Serines are listed from left to right: 133, 185, 187, 188, 190, and 198." SIGNOR-273814 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser682 SMNASRLsQPGQLMS 9606 BTO:0000007 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251278 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser99 GGIKRTVsEPSLSGLL 9606 BTO:0001025 30022161 t "We identify the tumour suppressor TET2 as a substrate of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates TET2 at serine 99, thereby stabilizing the tumour suppressor. Increased glucose levels impede AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at serine 99, which results in the destabilization of TET2 followed by dysregulation of both 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and the tumour suppressive function of TET2 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-256134 GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16537363 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt." SIGNOR-252683 NSD2 protein O96028 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130 19481544 t miannu "In this study, we discovered that nsd2 specifically interacts with the dna-binding domain of androgen receptor (ar) via its hmg domain, and the nuclear translocation of both nsd2 and ar is enhanced in the presence of ligand / the histone methyltransferase, nsd2, enhances androgen receptor-mediated transcription." SIGNOR-186045 NCOA6 protein Q14686 UNIPROT GREB1 protein Q4ZG55 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003041 31744881 t miannu "Herein, using growth-regulating estrogen receptor binding 1 (GREB1) as an ERα target gene in Ishikawa cells, we demonstrate that nuclear receptor co-activator 6 (NCOA6) is essential for estradiol (E2)/ERα-activated GREB1 transcription. We found that NCOA6 associates with the GREB1 promoter and enhancer in an E2-independent manner and that NCOA6 knockout reduces chromatin looping, enhancer-promoter interactions, and basal GREB1 expression in the absence of E2." SIGNOR-265883 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT REL/RELA complex SIGNOR-C68 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16888014 t lperfetto "The present results demonstrate that ikkepsilon- and tbk1-mediated phosphorylation of crel in the c-terminal td leads to cytoplasmic dissociation of a crel-ikb_ complex and nuclear accumulation of crel." SIGNOR-217667 N-[[3-fluoro-4-[[2-(1-methyl-4-imidazolyl)-7-thieno[3,2-b]pyridinyl]oxy]anilino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-phenylacetamide chemical CHEBI:91393 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194343 DNAJB12 protein Q9NXW2 UNIPROT HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21148293 t miannu "JB12 cooperates with cytosolic Hsc70 and the ubiquitin ligase RMA1 to target CFTR and CFTRΔF508 for degradation. JB12 drives Hsc70 to associate with CFTR and the RMA1 E3 complex" SIGNOR-271491 APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12522139 t gcesareni "Biochemical and genetic studies have recently identified nicastrin, aph-1, and pen-2 as essential cofactors that physically interact with ps1 and are necessary for the gamma-secretase activity." SIGNOR-97068 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 8977526 t irozzo "JAK2 is a primary kinase regulating all the known activities of GM-CSF. JAK2 mediates GM-CSF induced c-fos activation through receptor phosphorylation and Shc/PTP 1D activation." SIGNOR-256001 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT MIIP protein Q5JXC2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser303 YHIHRRKsFDASDTL 9606 BTO:0001109 29038521 t done miannu "Here, we show that EGF stimulation induces PKCε-dependent phosphorylation of migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) at Ser303; this phosphorylation promotes the interaction between MIIP and RelA in the nucleus, by which MIIP prevents histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated RelA deacetylation, and thus enhances transcriptional activity of RelA and facilitates tumor metastasis. " SIGNOR-273828 NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 33058421 t miannu "The Hippo pathway tumor suppressor Merlin/NF2 is known to be regulated by phosphorylation. Here, the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L is shown to promote Hippo pathway activation via ubiquitination of Merlin." SIGNOR-263663 AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR LAMTOR complex SIGNOR-C26 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 20381137 f lperfetto "The trimeric Ragulator complex, which comprises the p18, p14, and MP1 proteins, anchors the Rag GTPases to the lysosome, and, like the Rags, is necessary for mTORC1 activation by amino acids" SIGNOR-228152 MIIP protein Q5JXC2 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 29038521 t done miannu "Here, we show that EGF stimulation induces PKCε-dependent phosphorylation of migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) at Ser303; this phosphorylation promotes the interaction between MIIP and RelA in the nucleus, by which MIIP prevents histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated RelA deacetylation, and thus enhances transcriptional activity of RelA and facilitates tumor metastasis. " SIGNOR-273829 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT NREP protein Q16612 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser59 LGSSELRsPRISYLH 9606 BTO:0004605 16229809 t done miannu "Site-directed mutagenesis of S59A retarded P311 degradation and induced glioma cell motility. In contrast, S59D mutation resulted in the rapid degradation of P311 and reduced glioma cell migration.Taken together, our results show that the serine phosphorylation of P311 is dependent on the function of both PKCε and PKCz." SIGNOR-273830 H1-2 protein P16403 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 22249259 t done miannu "Similarly, DNA-PK-mediated phosphorylation of H1.2 at T146 enhances p53 transcriptional activity by impeding H1.2 binding to p53 and thereby attenuating its suppressive effects on p53 transactivation. " SIGNOR-273833 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT SENP2 protein Q9HC62 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr369 TDDLLELtEDMEKEI 9606 BTO:0001949 25689261 t done miannu " Here, we determined that d-flow activated the serine/threonine kinase p90RSK, which subsequently phosphorylated threonine 368 (T368) of SENP2. T368 phosphorylation promoted nuclear export of SENP2, leading to downregulation of eNOS expression and upregulation of proinflammatory adhesion molecule expression and apoptosis. " SIGNOR-273839 CDH3 protein P22223 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265865 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT FOXN2 protein P32314 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser365 EDDPLGDsGYASQPC 9606 BTO:0002552 29396548 t done miannu "Importantly, we identified RSK2 kinase as the upstream kinase for the FOXN2 phosphodegron. The Ser365 and Ser369 sites in a conserved DSGYAS motif are responsible for the ubiquitination of FOXN2 by β-Trcp. " SIGNOR-273840 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT FOXN2 protein P32314 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser369 LGDSGYAsQPCAKIS 9606 BTO:0002552 29396548 t done miannu "Importantly, we identified RSK2 kinase as the upstream kinase for the FOXN2 phosphodegron. The Ser365 and Ser369 sites in a conserved DSGYAS motif are responsible for the ubiquitination of FOXN2 by β-Trcp. " SIGNOR-273841 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 BTO:0000132 35267019 t miannu "Rev-erbα interacted with OPHN-1, promoted RhoA activity and phosphorylation of ERM. etection of phosphorylated ezrin (Thr567)/radixin (Thr564)/moesin (Thr558)(p-ERM) in Rev-erbαfl/flCre− and Rev-erbαfl/flPF4Cre+ platelets using phospho-specific antibodies." SIGNOR-268429 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser418 QQRKALLsPFSTPVR -1 15952796 t lperfetto "We identified Ser150, Ser418, and Ser476 of human Grb10 as MAPK-mediated in vitro phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-249406 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser923 DELRDSDsVCDSGVE 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C13 11158290 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates p105 resulting in its degradation, which releases tpl2 resulting in activation of the pro-proliferative map kinase- pathway." SIGNOR-104803 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) increases runx1 trans-activation activity without perturbing p300 interaction." SIGNOR-138916 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 8052307 t lperfetto "In vivo, dominant negative ras mutant n17 inhibits growth factor induced production of 3' phosphorylated phosphoinositides in pc12 cells, and transfection of ras, but not raf, into cos cells results in a large elevation in the level of these lipids. Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85. it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner. lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-252689 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT VGLL1 protein Q99990 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser84 PNQWRYSsPWTKPQP 9606 BTO:0002597 33069758 t done miannu "Site-directed mutagenesis and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that RSK2 phosphorylated VGLL1 at S84 in the presence of TGF-β. Mutation of VGLL1 at S84 suppressed VGLL1-TEAD4 binding and the subsequent transcriptional activation of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9)." SIGNOR-273842 ITGAV protein P06756 UNIPROT "Av/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C175 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253201 "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272188 SNW1 protein Q13573 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10713164 t llicata "SKIP, a CBF1-associated protein, interacts with the ankyrin repeat domain of NotchIC To facilitate NotchIC function." SIGNOR-237617 TFIIF complex SIGNOR-C394 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 18218714 t lperfetto "Transcription processes in eukaryotes begin with the formation of a pre-initiation complex (PIC), composed of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) associated with five general transcription factors: TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH" SIGNOR-266199 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" 9606 BTO:0000801 17681149 f lperfetto "Transcriptional repression of inflammatory response genes occurs by negative interference of PPARg with the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and activating protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathways" SIGNOR-249555 RUVBL2 protein Q9Y230 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270854 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT YWHAB protein P31946 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr143 SGDNKQTtVSNSQQA 9534 BTO:0004055 10620507 t lperfetto "Our results with the 14-3-3 mutants indirectly imply a new phosphorylation site, 130Ser (and to a lesser extent 141Thr), in 14-3-3b that regulates the association}dissociation of 14-3-3b and PKC-f." SIGNOR-249035 DLX2 protein Q07687 UNIPROT ARX protein Q96QS3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18923043 f Regulation miannu "Dlx overexpression induces ectopic expression of endogenous Arx and its isolated enhancer, whereas loss of Dlx expression results in reduced Arx expression" SIGNOR-251972 "Immune complexes" stimulus SIGNOR-ST15 SIGNOR FCGR1A protein P12314 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 18064051 f lperfetto "Immune complexes bind to activating Fc receptors (FcR) and inhibitory FcRs that are expressed by innate immune effector cells such as basophils, mast cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, in which they trigger the indicated effector responses." SIGNOR-249521 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM33 protein Q9UPN9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271077 "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 18278053 f lperfetto "Activated alphaIIbbeta3 integrins bind fibrinogen, vWF and fibronectin, thus allowing firm platelet adhesion and platelet aggregation." SIGNOR-266067 NTN1 protein O95631 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It was originally identified as a prognostic tumor marker and then subsequently found to be a receptor for netrin-1. DCC plays a key role in axon guidance and also in a number of other important cellular processes." SIGNOR-268162 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser287 RQRKGTLsVNFVDLY -1 27292631 t miannu "We immunoprecipitated ectopically expressed wild-type KDM5A or KDM5Amut5A and performed an in vitro kinase assay using recombinant AKT1 in the presence or absence of AKT inhibition.Wild-type KDM5A is phosphorylated by AKT1 and this modification is sensitive to AKT inhibition, whereas KDM5Amut5A is not phosphorylated in the presence of AKT1 (Figure 3C).These results suggest that AKT-mediated KDM5A phosphorylation enhances KDM5A promoter recruitment." SIGNOR-274062 CLK3 protein P49761 UNIPROT SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 8617202 t miannu "In vitro, Clk/Sty efficiently phosphorylated the SR family member ASF/SF2 on serine residues located within its serine/arginine-rich region (the RS domain). Overexpression of the active Clk/Sty kinase caused a redistribution of SR proteins within the nucleus. These results suggest that Clk/Sty kinase directly regulates the activity and compartmentalization of SR splicing factors." SIGNOR-273859 CLK4 protein Q9HAZ1 UNIPROT SRSF1 protein Q07955 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 8617202 t miannu "In vitro, Clk/Sty efficiently phosphorylated the SR family member ASF/SF2 on serine residues located within its serine/arginine-rich region (the RS domain). Overexpression of the active Clk/Sty kinase caused a redistribution of SR proteins within the nucleus. These results suggest that Clk/Sty kinase directly regulates the activity and compartmentalization of SR splicing factors." SIGNOR-273860 KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 16364914 t lperfetto "Importantly, KSRP knockdown in C2C12 GM cells (Figure 2D) stabilized endogenous my- ogenin and p21 transcripts (Figure 2E). Furthermore, stable knockdown of KSRP, using shRNA, induced the accumulation of p21 mRNA in C2C12 GM while it did not affect the expression of late myogenic markers (MHC and muscle-creatine kinase [MCK])" SIGNOR-235859 RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23450633 f gcesareni "Ga12/13 recruitment of rho-gefs causes rhoa activation and f-actin assembly, which promotes lats1/lat2 inactivation by an unknown, but myosin-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-192114 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT TNK1 protein Q13470 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser502 RMKGISRsLESVLSL 9606 BTO:0000018 34504101 t miannu "We also discover a MARK-mediated phosphorylation on TNK1 at S502 that promotes an interaction between TNK1 and 14-3-3, which sequesters TNK1 and inhibits its kinase activity.Phosphorylation of TNK1 at S502 within the proline rich domain is required for TNK1 binding to 14-3-3.MARKs mediate phosphorylation at S502 and 14-3-3 binding to TNK1, which restrains the movement of TNK1 into heavy membrane-associated clusters." SIGNOR-273866 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT TNK1 protein Q13470 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser502 RMKGISRsLESVLSL 9606 BTO:0000018 34504101 t miannu "We also discover a MARK-mediated phosphorylation on TNK1 at S502 that promotes an interaction between TNK1 and 14-3-3, which sequesters TNK1 and inhibits its kinase activity.Phosphorylation of TNK1 at S502 within the proline rich domain is required for TNK1 binding to 14-3-3.MARKs mediate phosphorylation at S502 and 14-3-3 binding to TNK1, which restrains the movement of TNK1 into heavy membrane-associated clusters." SIGNOR-273867 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr21 IENEEQEyVQTVKSS 9606 24103589 t lperfetto "The authors identified several phosphorylated residues by a combination of peptide mapping and sequence analysis and showed that recombinant pp60c-src phosphorylates annexin a1 near its amino terminus, at tyrosine 21 (tyr21). Also polyoma virus middle t/pp60c-src complex, recombinant pp50v-abl, and the egf receptor/kinase phosphorylated the same tyrosine residue. It was also shown that serine 27 residue of anxa1 is the primary site phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc). In the same study, the threonine 41 residue has been identified as a pkc substrate as well. The adenosine cyclic 3_,5_-phosphate dependent protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylates anxa1 in its carboxyl-terminal core at the threonine 216 residue (thr216) [2].Finally in 2013 caron et al. showed the relevance of y21 phosphorylation for the anxa1 stability. In fact the authors demonstrated that the tyrosine 21 phosphorylation is crucial for anxa1 sumoylation induced by egf" SIGNOR-202796 AEBP2 protein Q6ZN18 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23110252 t lperfetto "The PRC2 core, conserved from Drosophila to humans, is composed of four proteins that add up to about 230 kDa (Figure 1A) (see Margueron and Reinberg, 2010 for a recent review): EED (present in different isoforms), either one of the two methyltranferases Ezh1 or Ezh2 (Ezh1/2), Suz12, and either RbAp46 or RbAp48 (RbAp46/48)." SIGNOR-241903 ANK1 protein P16157 UNIPROT ATP2A1 protein O14983 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9986 28487373 t lperfetto "We recently reported that small ankyrin 1 (sAnk1) interacts with the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in skeletal muscle (SERCA1) to inhibit its activity." SIGNOR-265927 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser167 GGRERLAsTNDKGSM 9534 BTO:0001538 11139588 t "AKT activate ERalpha in the absence of estrogen. The consensus AKT phosphorylation site Ser-167 of ERalpha is required for phosphorylation and activation by AKT." SIGNOR-251490 ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257094 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser211 PGKETNEsPWRSDLL 9606 15817653 t llicata "We found serine 211 of the human gr to be a substrate for p38 mapk both in vitro and intracellularly. Mutation of this site to alanine greatly diminished gr-driven gene transcription and apoptosis." SIGNOR-135198 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT SPON1 protein Q9HCB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Upregulation of PTGS2, ANPEP, KDR, UGT8, INHBA, ERMAP, RALGPS1 and SPON1 was confirmed." SIGNOR-261669 AGRN protein O00468 UNIPROT LRP4 protein O75096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 23458718 t miannu "AGRN is released by the nerve and binds to LRP4, which then binds to MuSK. This interaction leads to MuSK autophosphorylation and activation of its kinase function, leading to anterograde signalling by subsequent phosphorylation of DOK7 (not shown), which binds MuSK as a dimer." SIGNOR-273849 DBH protein P09172 UNIPROT noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33569 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10090 7961964 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; EC 1.14.17.1) catalyzes the production of the neurotransmitter and hormone norepinephrine in the third step of the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway." SIGNOR-264006 MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT DOK7 protein Q18PE1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr405 PTSLRAHyDTPRSLC 10090 20603078 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Dok-7 also functions downstream from MuSK, and we identify the proteins that are recruited to the C-terminal domain of Dok-7. We show that Agrin stimulates phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues in the C-terminal domain of Dok-7, which leads to recruitment of two adapter proteins: Crk and Crk-L. Y396 and Y406 are the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites in Dok-7 expressed in C2 myotubes." SIGNOR-273846 UBQLN2 protein Q9UHD9 UNIPROT HNRNPA3 protein P51991 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 25616961 t lperfetto "We screened a yeast two-hybrid library using the central domain of ubiquilin-2 hoping to identify proteins whose binding is affected by the UBQLN2 mutations.||Additionally, our evidence that ubiquilin-2 is in- volved in stabilizing hnRNPA1 protein" SIGNOR-262272 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19334039 f lperfetto "AML1/RUNX1 mutants play a central role in the pathogenesis of MDS/AML. Both AML1 mutants are initiating factors for MDS-genesis by inhibiting differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, and Ni-type mutant requires acquisition of proliferation ability." SIGNOR-249631 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 19282669 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-270020 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1795 VASPRRLsNVSSSGS -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250166 ASXL3 protein Q9C0F0 UNIPROT NR1H3 protein Q13133 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000972 25450400 t miannu "We determined that ASXL3 depletion augments the ligand-induced transcriptional activities of LXRα and TRβ, which were repressed by ASXL3 overexpression. The ligand-dependent interactions of ASXL3 with LXRα and TRβ were demonstrated by the GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation analyses. We confirmed that ASXL3 suppresses the expression of LXRα target genes through its recruitment to the LXR-response elements." SIGNOR-266765 CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr172 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C15 19958286 t gcesareni "These data indicate that the camkks function in intact cells as ampkks, predicting wider roles for these kinases in regulating ampk activity in vivo." SIGNOR-161929 LTK protein P29376 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 9223670 t gcesareni "Recently, we demonstrated that ltk utilizes shc and irs-1 as two major substrates and while both equally activate the ras pathway, only irs-1 suppresses apoptosis of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-49625 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1626 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-119996 "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272189 RUVBL2 protein Q9Y230 UNIPROT "R2SP co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C517 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29844425 t miannu "Systematic interaction analyses show that one RPAP3-like protein, SPAG1, binds PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 to form an R2TP-like complex termed R2SP.  This co-chaperone is enriched in testis and among 68 of the potential clients identified, some are expressed in testis and others are ubiquitous. One substrate is liprin-α2, which organizes large signaling complexes." SIGNOR-270940 KSR1 protein Q8IVT5 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29433126 t miannu "In mammals, RAF family kinases include three catalytically competent enzymes (ARAF, BRAF and CRAF) and two pseudokinases (KSR1 and KSR2) that have been described as scaffolds owing to their apparent ability to bridge RAF isoforms and their substrate, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK).Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) pseudokinases were also shown to dimerize with kinase-competent RAFs to stimulate catalysis allosterically." SIGNOR-273880 NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1033 GINTLERsKVEETTE 10090 BTO:0000938 29899413 t done miannu "NEK7 regulates these processes in part through phosphorylation of the kinesin Eg5/KIF11, promoting its accumulation on microtubules in distal dendrites. " SIGNOR-273890 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT KIF20A protein O95235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser244 LSTSLKRsVYIESRI 9606 BTO:0000567 28630147 t done miannu "We show that Nek9, Nek6, and the kinesin Mklp2 form a signaling module, which is required for Mklp2 to localize to the central spindle in anaphase. Nek6 also phosphorylates Mklp2 at Ser244, inhibiting its bundling activity until anaphase onset." SIGNOR-273891 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser361 ENNRFGGsGSQVDSA -1 31843888 t done miannu "Seven of these kinases (PIM1/2/3, MAP4K1/2, PKA, and NEK6) directly and robustly phosphorylated recombinant GST-Rpn1 at S361 in vitro (Fig. 3D and SI Appendix, Fig. S3 A and B). " SIGNOR-273898 FHL5 protein Q5TD97 UNIPROT CREM protein Q03060 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10086359 t miannu "ACT (for activator of CREM in testis), a LIM-only protein which specifically associates with CREM. ACT is expressed coordinately with CREM in a tissue- and developmentally regulated manner. It strongly stimulates CREM transcriptional activity in yeast and mammalian cells and contains an intrinsic activation function." SIGNOR-222111 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 18620382 t Luana "Pyrimidine 13 showed good potency against all the human VEGFR receptors with an IC50 of 10, 30, and 47 nM for VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Significant activity was also seen against the closely related tyrosine receptor kinases PDGFRβ, c-Kit, FGF-R1, and c-fms with IC50’s of 84, 74, 140, and 146 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-257739 SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT ABCC3 protein O15438 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21531766 f miannu "ID4-mediated SOX2 induction enhanced ABCC3 and ABCC6 expression through direct transcriptional regulation, indicating that ID4 regulates the chemoresistance of iGSCs by promoting SOX2-mediated induction of ABC transporters." SIGNOR-255181 ADCYAP1 protein P18509 UNIPROT VIPR1 protein P32241 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11897681 t gcesareni "Pacap binds to a pacap-specific receptor (pac1) and to vpac receptors (vpac1 and vpac2), which share high affinity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)." SIGNOR-116066 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT PPP1R17 protein O96001 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr68 KKPRRKDtPALHIPP 9606 BTO:0001011 10051666 t miannu "Recombinant human G-substrate was phosphorylated efficiently by cGMP-dependent protein kinase exclusively at Thr residues, and it was recognized by antibodies specific for rabbit phospho-G-substrate. The amino acid sequences surrounding the sites of phosphorylation in G-substrate are related to those around Thr-34 and Thr-35 of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein DARPP-32 and inhibitor-1, respectively, two potent inhibitors of protein phosphatase 1." SIGNOR-263148 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser552 QDTQRRTsMGGTQQQ 9606 17287208 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of beta-catenin by akt promotes beta-catenin transcriptional activitywe have demonstrated that akt phosphorylates beta-catenin at ser552 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-152958 SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 29731393 t miannu "NRF2 is negatively regulated by three E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes: the KEAP1-CUL3-RBX1 complex, the β-TrCP-SKP1-CUL1-RBX1 complex, and HRD1." SIGNOR-267360 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr236 VEKFKDNtIPDKVKK 9606 15064744 t lperfetto "Inhibition of protein kinase ck2 enzyme activity in vivo resulted in an enhanced nuclear localization of cdc25c. Thus, phosphorylation of cdc25c at threonine 236 is an important signal for the retention of cdc25c in the cytoplasm" SIGNOR-123713 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT P300/PCAF complex SIGNOR-C7 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 17964260 t lperfetto "Akt1 and 2 promote the association of myod with p300 and pcaf acetyltransferases, via direct phosphorylation of p300." SIGNOR-217670 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser361 ENNRFGGsGSQVDSA -1 31843888 t done miannu "Seven of these kinases (PIM1/2/3, MAP4K1/2, PKA, and NEK6) directly and robustly phosphorylated recombinant GST-Rpn1 at S361 in vitro (Fig. 3D and SI Appendix, Fig. S3 A and B). " SIGNOR-273899 MAP4K2 protein Q12851 UNIPROT PSMD2 protein Q13200 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser361 ENNRFGGsGSQVDSA -1 31843888 t done miannu "Seven of these kinases (PIM1/2/3, MAP4K1/2, PKA, and NEK6) directly and robustly phosphorylated recombinant GST-Rpn1 at S361 in vitro (Fig. 3D and SI Appendix, Fig. S3 A and B). " SIGNOR-273900 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser405 KTQTPPVsPAPQPTE 10029 26490115 t Manara "Together these findings demonstrate that phosphorylation of cortactin on S405 and S418 residues is required for its interaction with WAVE2 in MCP1-induced cytoskeleton remodeling, facilitating HASMC migration. In addition, the MCP1-induced cortactin phosphorylation is dependent on PLCβ3-mediated PKCδ activation" SIGNOR-260889 NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 14684878 t miannu "Here we show that cortactin is concentrated with F-actin in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons but is redistributed to the dendritic shaft in response to NMDA receptor activation. these findings indicate that the translocation of cortactin is induced by the activation of NMDA receptors." SIGNOR-266598 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr340 RGQRDSSyYWEIEAS 9606 10998357 t gcesareni "We also show that phosphorylation of raf-1 on serine 338 by pak1 and tyrosines 340 and 341 by src relieves autoinhibition and that this occurs through a specific decrease in the binding of the raf-1 regulatory domain to its catalytic domain." SIGNOR-82150 Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "a7/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C126 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 1839357 t lperfetto "By using specific proteolytically derived fragments of laminin, it was determined that the alpha 7 beta 1 complex binds selectively to the E8 region, which represents part of the long arm of laminin." SIGNOR-253257 4-Iodo-3-nitrobenzamide chemical CID:9796068 PUBCHEM PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193474 MAP1LC3C protein Q9BXW4 UNIPROT NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19250911 t gcesareni "We performed glutathione s-transferase (gst) pull-down assays using extracts from hek293 cells overexpressing an ha-tagged nbr1(d50r) mutant, which lacks the ability to bind p62 (lamark et al., 2003) (figures s1a and s1b, available online), and gst fusions of six human atg8 homologs: gabarap, gabarapl1, gabarapl2, lc3a, lc3b, and lc3c. Indeed, nbr1 interacted with all these members of the mammalian atg8 protein family. . downregulation of either lc3 or gabarap (or both) family members leads to stabilization and p62-dependent aggregation of nbr1." SIGNOR-184258 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser474 KEVPRRKsLVGTPYW 9606 20926745 t gcesareni "Intracellular localization;enzymatic activity, induced;cell growth, altered;" SIGNOR-168301 SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT KHDRBS3 protein O75525 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 15163637 t miannu "We found that SIAH1 bound to an octapeptide sequence in T-STAR targeting it for proteasome-dependent degradation. " SIGNOR-272671 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0000007 20595392 t done miannu "Our data also show that NEK6 interacts with STAT3, an oncogenic transcription factor, and phosphorylates STAT3 on Ser(727), which is important for transcriptional activation. These results demonstrate that NEK6 interacts with and phosphorylates STAT3, an event that could play an important role in oncogenesis. For the maximal activation of STAT3 signaling, phosphorylation of both Tyr705 and Ser727 is required. Phosphorylation of Tyr705 induces dimerization, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding of the STAT3 protein, whereas phosphorylation of Ser727 is important for transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-273901 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser673 RVQSKIGsLDNITHV 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Mark and pka phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably the kxgs motifs including ser262, ser324, and ser356, plus ser320)tau pseudophosphorylation at specific sites such as s262, s293, s324 and s356 was reported to induce tau conformational change and attenuate tau binding to microtubules (fischer et al., 2009). Then, newly soluble tau proteins are targeted by post-translational modifications that directly or indirectly alter tau conformation, promoting tau dimerization in an anti-parallel manner. Stable tau dimers form tau oligomers, which continue in the aggregation process" SIGNOR-171058 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9922370 t gcesareni "Mapkerk1/2 is also able to phopshorylate the egf receptor, the ras exchange factor sos, mkkkraf1, and mkkmek1. The phosphorylation of each of these proteins by mapkerk1/2 is believed to reduce their catalytic activity. previous studies have shown that phosphorylation is required for raf-1 activation, and here, we identify six phosphorylation sites that contribute to the downregulation of raf-1 after mitogen stimulation. Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated erk" SIGNOR-64172 zileuton chemical CHEBI:10112 ChEBI ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 1848634 t miannu "5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of zileuton." SIGNOR-258363 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT UFL1 protein O94874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser462 DDDSDDEsQSSHTGK 9606 BTO:0001938 30886146 t lperfetto "Furthermore, ATM phosphorylates UFL1 at serine 462, enhancing UFL1 E3 ligase activity and promoting ATM activation in a positive feedback loop." SIGNOR-265075 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9792677 t gcesareni "Rsk-b is a p38alphamapk substrate, and activated by p38alphamapk and, more weakly, by erk1" SIGNOR-60995 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr277 GSRTAPYtPNLPHHQ 9606 12801888 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of thr276 is shown to be important for tgf-?-Induced nuclear accumulation and, as a consequence, transcriptional activity of smad4. these results suggest that smad4 can be phosphorylated by erk2 at thr276." SIGNOR-101660 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 10601008 t gcesareni "Here we focus on the role of Wnts, their putative receptors Frizzled and the soluble antagonist Frzb1 in regulating mammalian myogenesis. Although it is becoming evident that the signaling downstream of Frizzled receptors is much more complex than anticipated, it is conceivable that it may lead to transcriptional activation of Myf5 and MyoD and to initiation of myogenesis." SIGNOR-73039 KLF2 protein Q9Y5W3 UNIPROT mir-143 mirna URS0000008A99_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25477897 t miannu "Overexpression of miR-155 leads to the activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway through negative regulation of Src Homology 2 domain-containing Inositol-5-Phosphatase (SHIP1)." SIGNOR-255769 LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257383 Glycogenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF95 SIGNOR α-D-glucosyl-glycogenin complex SIGNOR-C430 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22160680 t miannu "Glycogenin initiates the synthesis of a maltosaccharide chain covalently attached to itself on Tyr195 via a stepwise glucosylation reaction, priming glycogen synthesis. " SIGNOR-267922 EIF2B1 protein Q14232 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269139 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser794 QHLRLSTsSGRLLYA 24841198 t lperfetto "SIK2 is known to attenuate insulin signaling by phosphorylating IRS-1/Ser789" SIGNOR-265745 RPL10 protein P27635 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262501 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI WDR45B protein Q5MNZ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "All WIPI members fold into seven-bladed β-propeller proteins that bind PtdIns3P and co-localize at nascent autophagosomes." SIGNOR-268476 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20371605 t "FoxO3a binds to and transactivates the TSC1 promoter, indicating a key role for FoxO3a in regulating TSC1 expression. Together, these data demonstrate that FoxO3a regulates glycolysis downstream of Akt through transcriptional control of Tsc1" SIGNOR-259382 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DPYSL5 protein Q9BPU6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr516 TPLADTPtRPVTRHG 9606 BTO:0000938 25040932 t lperfetto "The T516 phosphorylation was achieved by the glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), which can phosphorylate the wildtype protein but not the non-phosphorylatable mutant. Furthermore, we have shown that T516 phosphorylation is essential for the tubulin-binding property of CRMP5. Therefore, CRMP5-induced growth inhibition is dependent on T516 phosphorylation through the GSK-3beta pathway." SIGNOR-264835 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser863 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 9606 BTO:0000007 26588989 t done miannu "NLK inhibits mTORC1 lysosomal localization and thereby suppresses mTORC1 activation. Mechanistically, NLK phosphorylates Raptor on S863 to disrupt its interaction with the Rag GTPase, which is important for mTORC1 lysosomal recruitment. " SIGNOR-273908 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser262 LRIAKTPsPPEEPSP 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t lperfetto "Recent studies show that phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 prd by cdk5 inhibited the association of amphiphysin1 with ap-2 in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (7, 8) similar to that by mapk (present report). Cdk5 appears to phosphorylate amphiphysin1 at serines 261, 272, 276, and 285 and threonine 310, located in the prd" SIGNOR-126839 TRIM17 protein Q9Y577 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001976 22976837 t miannu "Here, we identified Trim17 as a novel E3 ubiquitin-ligase for Mcl-1. Indeed, Trim17 co-immunoprecipitated with Mcl-1. Trim17 ubiquitinated Mcl-1 in vitro. Overexpression of Trim17 decreased the protein level of Mcl-1 in a phosphorylation- and proteasome-dependent manner. Finally, knock down of Trim17 expression reduced both ubiquitination and degradation of Mcl-1 in neurons." SIGNOR-272032 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259000 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT PVR protein P15151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271530 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser376 PLLPRVSsYLVPIQF 9606 BTO:0001938 17101782 t lperfetto "Chk2 mediates stabilization of the foxm1 transcription factor to stimulate expression of dna repair genesthis phosphorylation of foxm1 on serine residue 361 caused increased stability of the foxm1 protein" SIGNOR-150746 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253631 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr245 GFGTSPLtPSARISA -1 12556484 t done miannu "In this case, only NudelS2 and NudelS5 were phosphorylated. Therefore, T219, S242, and T245 of Nudel were phosphorylation sites of Cdc2 in vitro. In contrast, Erk2 only phosphorylated T219 and T245. These two sites, with surrounding sequences such as PATP from residues 217 to 220 and PLTP from 243 to 246, respectively, are indeed typical MAPK sites" SIGNOR-274072 STK25 protein O00506 UNIPROT PDCD10 protein Q9BUL8 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser39 ELERVNLsAAQTLRA 9606 19370760 t llicata "Stk25 phosphorylates ccm3 at serine 39 and threonine 43" SIGNOR-185388 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr245 GFGTSPLtPSARISA -1 12556484 t done miannu "In this case, only NudelS2 and NudelS5 were phosphorylated. Therefore, T219, S242, and T245 of Nudel were phosphorylation sites of Cdc2 in vitro. In contrast, Erk2 only phosphorylated T219 and T245. These two sites, with surrounding sequences such as PATP from residues 217 to 220 and PLTP from 243 to 246, respectively, are indeed typical MAPK sites" SIGNOR-274075 MARK4 protein Q96L34 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser396 DDKKAKTsTRSSAKT -1 21204788 t done miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273935 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCBLD2 protein Q96PD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr677 LPITGPEyATPIIMD -1 23770091 t done miannu "Mutagenesis analysis of ESDN's seven intracellular tyrosines in YxxP motifs found several contribute to the binding of ESDN to the SH2 domains of both CrkCT10 regulator of kinase Crk-Like (CrkL) and a representative SFK Fyn. Quantitative mass spectrometry showed that at least three of these (Y565, Y621 and Y750), as well as non-YxxP Y715, are reversibly phosphorylated. SFK activity was shown to be sufficient, but not required for the interaction between ESDN and the CrkL-SH2 domain. Finally, antibody-mediated ESDN clustering induces ESDN tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL-SH2 binding." SIGNOR-273943 STX11 protein O75558 UNIPROT Platelet_degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH138 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22767500 f lperfetto "In contrast to previous studies,13,15,16,19 the results of the present study show that syntaxin-2 and syntaxin-4 are not required for release, but that syntaxin-11 is critical for platelet exocytosis." SIGNOR-261893 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT PFDN4 protein Q9NQP4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255532 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG -1 11593427 t gcesareni "Jak2 peptide substrate studies indicated that the Bcr-Abl and Abl tyrosine kinases specifically phosphorylated Y1007 of Jak2 but only poorly phosphorylated Y1008. Phosphorylation of Y1007 of Jak2 is known to be critical for its tyrosine kinase activation." SIGNOR-245365 IFNL1 protein Q8IU54 UNIPROT IL10RB protein Q08334 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12469119 t gcesareni "Il-28 and il-29 interacted with a heterodimeric class ii cytokine receptor that consisted of il-10 receptor beta (il-10rbeta) and an orphan class ii receptor chain, designated il-28ralpha." SIGNOR-96177 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser527 RFRKRTHsAGTSPTI 10090 BTO:0002572 18498745 t lperfetto "In this report, we identified insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), a critical mediator of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling, as a proteolytic target of the CUL7 E3 ligase in a manner that depends on mammalian target of rapamycin and the p70 S6 kinase activities.Elimination of phosphorylation at S307/S312/S527/S636/S639 renders V5-IRS-1 partially resistant to degradation by Fbw8" SIGNOR-236595 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 12419246 t lperfetto "Ski also represses bmp signaling through interactions with smad4 and bmp-specific r-smads, smad1 or smad7" SIGNOR-217703 "dovitinib; bis(lactic acid)" chemical CID:56973714 PUBCHEM KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191421 dUMP(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:246422 ChEBI dTMP(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:63528 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21876188 t lperfetto "In this pathway, 5,10-methyleneTHF, a one-carbon donor, is generated from serine by SHMT and used for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in a reaction catalyzed by TYMS. The TYMS-catalyzed reaction generates dihydrofolate, which is converted to THF in an NADPH-dependent manner by DHFR." SIGNOR-268236 MAS1 protein P04201 UNIPROT AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15809376 t miannu "our findings demonstrate that the protein encoded by the Mas proto-oncogene exhibits direct antagonistic properties on the AT1 receptor in vitro and that this oligomeric interaction may represent a natural state for these receptors in vivo in some tissues. the present findings in native tissues suggest that the Mas receptor can act as an in vivo functional antagonist of the AT1 receptor owing to formation of a hetero-oligomeric complex" SIGNOR-260626 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 AFIAARGsFDGSSSQ -1 15946941 t done miannu "PKA Phosphorylates GRK1 on Ser21. Phosphorylation by PKA inhibits GRK1 activity." SIGNOR-274079 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GRK7 protein Q8WTQ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser36 ELQRRRRsLALPGLQ -1 15946941 t done miannu "PKA Phosphorylates GRK7 on Ser23 and Ser36. Phosphorylation by PKA inhibits GRK7 activity" SIGNOR-274080 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GRK7 protein Q8WTQ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser23 YLQARKPsDCDSKEL -1 15946941 t done miannu "PKA Phosphorylates GRK7 on Ser23 and Ser36. Phosphorylation by PKA inhibits GRK7 activity" SIGNOR-274081 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr182 ADAEMTGyVVTRWYR 9606 BTO:0000007 10066767 t done miannu "p38-δ is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7. we investigated whether this Thr180-Gly-Tyr182 motif was essential for p38-δ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual phosphorylation TGY motif is required for p38-δ activation." SIGNOR-273949 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25720354 f scontino "APCs have several cell surface receptors that facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-267859 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT HACE1 protein Q8IYU2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser385 LMKNKRDsTEITSIL 9606 BTO:0004980 29362425 t "Using a proteomic approach, we identified serine 385 as a target of group-I PAK kinases […] We have established in vitro that HACE1 is a direct target of PAK1 kinase activity." SIGNOR-255537 GRIA3 protein P42263 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30825796 f miannu "In the mammalian brain the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission is carried out by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors located within the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses" SIGNOR-264613 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr160 GVPVRTYtHEVVTLW 9606 SIGNOR-C16 12359725 t gcesareni "In addition to its role in stimulating cyclin d1 expression and nuclear translocation of cdk2, erk regulates thr-160 phosphorylation of cdk2-cyclin e." SIGNOR-94003 ANAPC2 protein Q9UJX6 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 19805045 t gcesareni "We now report that the anaphase-promoting complex (apc/c) recognizes a d-box motif of dvl and ubiquitylates dvl on a highly conserved lysine residue.We now report that expression of the apc/c subunit anapc2 activates the apc/c-dependent degradation of dvl by disrupting canonical wnt signaling." SIGNOR-188393 FADS1 protein O60427 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267907 EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 35267019 f miannu "Rev-erbα interacted with OPHN-1, promoted RhoA activity and phosphorylation of ERM. etection of phosphorylated ezrin (Thr567)/radixin (Thr564)/moesin (Thr558)(p-ERM) in Rev-erbαfl/flCre− and Rev-erbαfl/flPF4Cre+ platelets using phospho-specific antibodies. Taken together, these results suggest that Rev-erbα potentiates platelet activation via an OPHN-1-mediated RhoA/ERM signalling pathway." SIGNOR-268432 ATXN2 protein Q99700 UNIPROT DDX6 protein P26196 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 17392519 t miannu "Ataxin-2 interacts with the dead/h-box rna helicase ddx6 / ddx6 is an essential component for the assembly of p-bodies/" SIGNOR-154158 PDIA6 protein Q15084 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004086 17420453 f "Overexpression of ERp5 promotes both in vitro migration and invasion and in vivo metastasis of breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-256533 "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 33384352 f miannu "QRICH1 promotes cell death under ER stress" SIGNOR-269398 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 11980910 t amattioni "Mkk3 enhanced mirk kinase activity. Mkk3 possibly activates mirk by phosphorylating it." SIGNOR-86731 2-(2H-Benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4(3H)-yl)-N-benzyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-amine chemical CID:49830260 PUBCHEM VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23316025 t Luana "Inhibition of p97 by ML240 and ML241 is ATP competitive. To determine the mechanism by which ML240 and ML241 inhibited p97 ATPase, we evaluated rates of ATP hydrolysis at different concentrations of ATP. ML240 and ML241 inhibited p97competitively with respect to ATP with a Kivalues of 0.22 mm and 0.35 mm respectively." SIGNOR-261093 MYT1L protein Q9UL68 UNIPROT SIN3B protein O75182 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 28379941 t miannu "We found that the pan neuron-specific transcription factor Myt1-like (Myt1l) exerts its pro-neuronal function by direct repression of many different somatic lineage programs except the neuronal program. The repressive function of Myt1l is mediated via recruitment of a complex containing Sin3b by binding to a previously uncharacterized N-terminal domain." SIGNOR-266774 amitriptyline chemical CHEBI:2666 ChEBI CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258701 "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 f brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263778 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000132 21592956 t lperfetto "Protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) is a Ser/Thr kinase involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism and is activated by dual phosphorylation on Thr(308) in the activation loop and Ser(473) in the hydrophobic motif. It plays a contributory role to platelet function, although little is known about its regulation. In this study, we investigated the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)-2 in Akt regulation using the recently identified small molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors PP242 and Torin1." SIGNOR-251983 PIAS3 protein Q9Y6X2 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9388184 t lperfetto "PIAS3 blocked the DNA- binding activity of Stat3 and inhibited Stat3-mediated gene activation. Although Stat1 is also phosphorylated in response to IL-6, PIAS3 did not interact with Stat1 or affect its DNA-binding or transcriptional activity. The results indicate that PIAS3 is a specific inhibitor of Stat3." SIGNOR-238648 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr291 AETSKLIyDFIEDQG 10090 BTO:0000775 14707117 t done miannu "TCR-induced WASp tyrosine phosphorylation was also disrupted in T cells lacking Fyn, a kinase shown here to bind, colocalize with, and phosphorylate WASp. Although Fyn enhanced WASp-mediated Arp2/3 activation and was required for synapse formation, PTP-PEST combined with PSTPIP1 inhibited WASp-driven actin polymerization and synapse formation." SIGNOR-273960 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr291 AETSKLIyDFIEDQG 9606 BTO:0000007 10068673 t done miannu "These results demonstrate that WASP, under this experimental condition, can be tyrosine-phosphorylated by the kinase activity of Btk and that the direct interaction between WASP and the SH3 domain of Btk is required for this phosphorylation to occur." SIGNOR-273958 APOBEC3H protein Q6NTF7 UNIPROT "Clearance_of_foreign intracellular_DNA" phenotype SIGNOR-PH132 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29367246 f lperfetto "The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, or A3) family of interferon-inducible cytidine deaminases functions as antiviral restriction factors (reviewed in reference 15). Humans express seven A3 family members: A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H (16, 17). A3A is notable in that it specifically targets and restricts foreign DNA elements. A3A binds to single-stranded DNA with a high affinity (18), mediates the catabolism of foreign DNA (19), and restricts infection of several DNA viruses, including HPV (20,–24)." SIGNOR-261330 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 RAKGPSEsSKERNTP -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273966 UHRF1 protein Q96T88 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005192 20037778 f miannu "we find UHRF1 plays an important role in inhibiting MDR1 promoter activity by directly binding to the MDR1 promoter. Overexpression of UHRF1 in NCI/ADR-RES cells can induce deacetylation of histones H3 and H4 on the MDR1 promoter, which is facilitated by recruitment of HDAC1 to the MDR1 promoter." SIGNOR-254224 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser182 AKGPSESsKERNTPR -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273967 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr215 ATGSVPStPIAHRGP 9606 BTO:0000007 16682949 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that Su48 can associate with Nde1. Moreover, we found that Nde1 is subjected to phosphorylation in vivo. In particular, we identified six putative Cdc2 phosphorylation sites in Nde1 and found that alteration of these sites diminishes phosphorylation by Cdc2 in vitro and affects the stability of Su48-Nde1 interactions and the centrosomal localization of Nde1." SIGNOR-274082 FBXL12 protein Q9NXK8 UNIPROT CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002268 23707388 t Monia "Here, we show that a ubiquitin E3 ligase component, F-box protein Fbxl12, mediates CaMKI degradation via a proteasome-directed pathway leading to disruption of cyclin D1/cdk4 complex. Endogenous Fbxl12 and CaMKI interacted as demonstrated after Fbxl12 immuno-precipitation followed by immunoblot analysis with CaMKI antibodies assembly and resultantG1 arrest in lung epithelia. Fbxl12 targets CaMKI for ubiquitination." SIGNOR-261193 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT Satellite_cells_self-renewal phenotype SIGNOR-PH100 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002314 BTO:0001103 29681515 f apalma "[...] we observed a significant diminution in the number of symmetric satellite stem cell (YFP–) divisions in p38 gamma siRNA-treated fibers, suggesting that p38 gamma is required for symmetric stem cell maintenance. Thus, loss of p38gamma greatly skewed the ratio of asymmetric to symmetric satellite stem cell divisions to favor asymmetric divisions and myogenic commitment at the expense of self-renewal" SIGNOR-255902 "A3/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C161 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269010 EIF2B2 protein P49770 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269140 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21993628 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-176766 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR SEC31B protein Q9NQW1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination lys1176 9606 BTO:0000567 22358839 t miannu "By analyzing mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) division, we have identified Cul3Klhl12 as a regulator of COPII coat formation. Cul3Klhl12 monoubiquitinates Sec31 and drives assembly of large COPII-coats. As a result, ubiquitination by Cul3Klhl12 is essential for collagen export, a step that is required for integrin-dependent mESC division." SIGNOR-272016 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys247 MPFNKEPkWLFGTME 9606 34929314 t lperfetto "Glucose deprivation induces the binding of choline kinase α2 (CHKα2) to lipid droplets, followed by a continuous PTMs to promote lipolysis of lipid droplets, which are in turn mediated by AMPK-dependent CHKα2 Serine 279 phosphorylation and KAT5-dependent CHKα2 Lysine 247 acetylation." SIGNOR-267648 KCNS1 protein Q96KK3 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 10029 BTO:0000246 10484328 t miannu "We describe the cloning and characterization of the first human members, hKv9.1 and hKv9.3, of the electrically silent delayed-rectifying-like K+ channel subfamily." SIGNOR-269449 BRD7 protein Q9NPI1 UNIPROT BRD3 protein Q15059 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000192 12600283 f miannu "BRD7 protein could respectively interact with proteins, BRD2 and BRD3, and BRD7 could up-regulate the expression levels of BRD2 and BRD3 genes in mRNA level to some extent." SIGNOR-253764 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Phe-tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29153 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269540 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR LNPK protein Q9C0E8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 32433973 t miannu "  Lunapark Is Ubiquitylated by the CRL3KLHL12 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Lunapark is ubiquitylated by the CRL3KLHL12 ubiquitin ligase, and the CRL3KLHL12-dependent ubiquitylation of Lunapark does not lead to its proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of Lunapark Ubiquitylation Affects Lysosomal Recruitment of mTORC3" SIGNOR-272199 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 11154267 t lperfetto "Overexpression of p16INK4a in cells with functional pRb results in inhibition of both Cdk4- and Cdk6-associated kinase activity and pRb phosphorylation, with subsequent cell cycle arrest (46, 50). In addition, inhibition of D cyclin-Cdk4 complex formation by p16INK4a prevents sequestration of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 by these complexes in early G1, leading to suppression of cyclin E-Cdk2 activity" SIGNOR-245462 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 11884598 t gcesareni "Convergence of multiple signaling cascades at glycogen synthase kinase 3: edg receptor-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation by lysophosphatidic acid through a protein kinase c-dependent intracellular pathway." SIGNOR-115726 EFNA5 protein P52803 UNIPROT EPHA5 protein P54756 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52476 ALDOA protein P04075 UNIPROT "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266483 SLC38A9 protein Q8NBW4 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 25567906 f Luana "SLC38A9 is a Lysosomal Membrane Protein Required for mTORC1 Activation" SIGNOR-268014 TNFRSF13C protein Q96RJ3 UNIPROT Lymphoma phenotype SIGNOR-PH14 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 24432023 f lperfetto "Non-canonical nf-kb signaling initiated by baff influences b cell biology at multiple junctures." SIGNOR-204364 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1221 SPAFDNLyYWDQDPP 9606 BTO:0000149 1706616 t gcesareni "However, each of these peptides contains tyrosines that correspond to major autophosphorylation sites of the epidermal growth factor receptor, suggesting that, in addition to y1023 and y1248, y1139 and y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of her2." SIGNOR-21199 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBB2A protein Q13885 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116936 LSM-1988 chemical CHEBI:92015 ChEBI PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189394 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser194 TPRKEDRsASSGAEG -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273970 "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR C2 protein P06681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg243 KTKESLGrKIQIQRS 31331124 t lperfetto "C1s subsequently activate serum proteins C4 and C2. C4 is cleaved to fragment C4a, which is an anaphylatoxin, and to fragment C4b, which is deposited on the adjacent surfaces. C2 is cleaved to a fragment C2b, and larger fragment C2a, which binds noncovalently to C4b on the target cell membrane. This forms the C4b2a complex" SIGNOR-263418 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser196 RKEDRSAsSGAEGDV -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273971 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 RAKGPSEsSKERNTP -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273977 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1934 SPTYSPTsPKGSTYS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120072 PITX2 protein Q99697 UNIPROT TBX1 protein O43435 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20129917 f Regulation miannu "Pitx2 activated Tbx4, Tbx15, and Mga and repressed Tbx1, Tbx2, Tbx5, and Tbx6 expression." SIGNOR-251870 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT LIN52 protein Q52LA3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser28 FEKLDRAsPDLWPEQ 9606 BTO:0001583 21498570 t miannu "Here we report that DYRK1A can specifically phosphorylate LIN52 on serine residue 28, and that this phosphorylation is required for DREAM assembly." SIGNOR-262846 FOXJ3 protein Q9UPW0 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 19914232 t Luana "Foxj3 transcriptionally activates Mef2c and regulates adult skeletal muscle fiber type identity." SIGNOR-261606 "torin 2" chemical CHEBI:90682 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 23436801 t "ATP-competitive inhibitor" gcesareni "Torin2, a second generation atp-competitive inhibitor that is potent and selective for mtor.." SIGNOR-201499 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT PAK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 8107774 t gcesareni "A new brain serine/threonine protein kinase may be a target for the p21ras-related proteins Cdc42 and Rac1. The kinase sequence is related to that of the yeast protein STE20, implicated in pheromone-response pathways." SIGNOR-248259 dactolisib chemical CHEBI:71952 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000848 21803746 t "ATP-competitive inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR" gcesareni "The dual pi3k and mtorc1/2 inhibitor bez235 was highly specific" SIGNOR-252665 PASK protein Q96RG2 UNIPROT EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 17595531 t gcesareni "Kinase assays, mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis revealed PASKIN auto-phosphorylation as well as eEF1A1 target phosphorylation mainly but not exclusively at Thr432." SIGNOR-245862 "ZM 336372" chemical CID:5730 PUBCHEM RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207911 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF4 protein Q9P2E8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271044 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C14 9520446 t gcesareni "Activation of the transcription factor nf-kappab by inflammatory cytokines involves the successive action of nf-kappab-inducing kinase (nik) and two ikappab kinases, ikk-alpha and ikk-beta. Here we show that nik preferentially phosphorylates ikk-alpha over ikk-beta" SIGNOR-55949 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11502070 t lperfetto "Binding of tnf to the extracellular domain of tnfrsf1a leads to homotrimerization." SIGNOR-109716 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DTD1 protein Q8TEA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser179 KTRAKGPsESSKERN -1 25258324 t done miannu " Here we show that DUE-B is de-phosphorylated in M phase and phosphorylated in G1/S phase. Phosphorylated DUE-B forms homodimers, whereas de-phosphorylated DUE-B interacts with the Mcm2–7 complex and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We find that CKII can prime DUE-B for Cdc7 phosphorylation. Confirming the importance of DUE-B phosphorylation in replication initiation, a C-terminal Ser/Thr to Ala mutant blocks Cdc45 and RPA loading on sperm chromatin and inhibits DNA replication. DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites (serine 179, 181, 182, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, and threonine 187) were mutated to unphosphorylatable alanine (DUE-B(S/T)-A) or phosphomimic aspartic acid (DUE-B(S/T)-D)." SIGNOR-273979 EFNB2 protein P52799 UNIPROT EPHB3 protein P54753 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "Lerk-5 is a ligand for both elk and hek and induces receptor phosphorylation" SIGNOR-52583 FBXO3 protein Q9UK99 UNIPROT SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25721664 t miannu "F-box protein Fbxo3 targets Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we show that another F-box protein Fbxo3, belonging to the FBXO type protein family, also interacts with and targets Smurf1 for poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The SCF complex is composed of F-box protein, Skp1, Cullin1 (Cul1) and ROC1. Fbxo3, whose substrates are few, forms SCF Fbxo3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates the degradations of Fbxl2, p62, HIPK2 and p300 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272441 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS5 protein Q8N5B7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser355 DRSDVESsSEEEDVT 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273987 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT MIR1-1 mirna URS000075CF56_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25477897 t miannu "The three miR-29 family members in mouse bone marrow cells reduced the level of TET2 as well as its metabolic by-product, 5hmC" SIGNOR-255798 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS5 protein Q8N5B7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser350 KVSKDDRsDVESSSE 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273988 POLR3B protein Q9NW08 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266132 CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT IKZF3 protein Q9UKT9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000725 29496670 t miannu "IMiD compounds cause selective ubiquitination and degradation of IKZF1 in CD34+ cells by the CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-272319 SS18L1 protein O75177 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 15488321 t miannu "The calcium-responsive transactivator recruits creb binding protein to nuclear bodies." SIGNOR-129926 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CERS6 protein Q6ZMG9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser347 RSDIESSsDEEDSEP 9606 BTO:0000007 26887952 t miannu "Most of the phosphorylated residues conformed to a consensus motif for phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2), and treatment of cells with the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 lowered the phosphorylation levels of CERS2, -4, -5, and -6. Phosphorylation of CERS2 was especially important for its catalytic activity, acting mainly by increasing itsVmaxvalue. " SIGNOR-273989 CERS4 protein Q9HA82 UNIPROT ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26887952 t done miannu " Ceramides in mammals vary greatly in their acyl-chain composition: six different ceramide synthase isozymes (CERS1-6) that exhibit distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution account for this diversity. " SIGNOR-273998 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT ENDOG protein Q14249 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12941691 f gcesareni "We show that the mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization induced by bax-, tbid- or bax/bak-dependent pro-apoptotic drugs results in the release of cytochrome c, smac/diablo and htra2/omi, but that subsequent caspase activation is required to induce the translocation of endog in addition to aif into the cytosol." SIGNOR-86406 "arachidonic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15843 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 1357097 t miannu "These results suggest that the activation of protein kinase c by both arachidonic acid and phorbol esters may play a role in the potentiation of glutamate exocytosis." SIGNOR-17809 UBR5 protein O95071 UNIPROT EDVP complex SIGNOR-C530 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19287380 t miannu "We named this E3 ligase complex containing EDD, DDB1 and VPRBP proteins as EDVP complex to distinguish it from the previously identified Cul4-Roc1-DDB1-VPRBP E3 ligase complex. " SIGNOR-271790 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 YRYPRPAsVPPSPSL 9534 BTO:0000298 14593110 t miannu "DYRK Family Protein Kinases Phosphorylate and Inactivate Glycogen Synthase. both protein kinases phosphorylate site 3a but no other sites that affect glycogen synthase activity." SIGNOR-260632 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ESCO1 protein Q5FWF5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23314252 t gcesareni "We show here that eco1 degradation requires the sequential actions of cdk1 and two additional kinases , cdc7-dbf4 and the gsk-3 homolog mck1." SIGNOR-200400 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser679 SPDSMNAsRLSQPGQ 9606 BTO:0000007 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251277 HMGB2 protein P26583 UNIPROT POU3F1 protein Q03052 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002910 7720710 t 2 miannu "HMG2 and Oct2 interact via their HMG domains and POU homeodomains, respectively. This interaction is not restricted to Oct2, as other members of the octamer transcription factor family like Oct1 and Oct6 also interact with HMG2. The interaction with HMG2 results in a marked increase in the sequence-specific DNA binding activity of the Oct proteins" SIGNOR-240148 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 17875709 t gcesareni "Unexpectedly, however, emerging evidence implicate maml proteins as exciting key transcriptional co-activators in other signal transduction pathways including: muscle differentiation and myopathies (mef2c), tumor suppressor pathway (p53) and colon carcinoma survival (beta-catenin)." SIGNOR-157843 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser159 NNTSTDGsLPSTPPP 9606 BTO:0000567 16543145 t " MCL-1 was phosphorylated by GSK-3 at a conserved GSK-3 phosphorylation site (S159). Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Regulates Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization and Apoptosis by Destabilization of MCL-1. threonine 163, which represents the GSK-3 priming phosphorylation in this protein" SIGNOR-251217 CDH17 protein Q12864 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265856 OLIG1 protein Q8TAK6 UNIPROT OLIG2 protein Q13516 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 25206819 f miannu "During central nervous system development, olig1 assists olig2 in formation of the motor neuron progenitor domain (pmn), the area responsible for generation of motor neurons and oligodendrocytes" SIGNOR-205304 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CDCA2 protein Q69YH5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser542 KKINRRKsQETKCTK 9606 BTO:0000567 32938714 t done miannu "This result demonstrates that the three sites of Repo-Man (Ser-543, Ser-977, and Ser-981) are phosphorylated by Aurora B in early mitosis. We uncover that PP1γ is recruited to mitotic chromosomes by its regulatory subunit Repo-Man in the absence of Aurora B activity and that Aurora B regulates dissociation of PP1γ by phosphorylating and disrupting PP1γ-Repo-Man interactions on chromatin." SIGNOR-274002 MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser744 GLKVGVSsRINEWLT 9606 20536391 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of caldesmon by myosin light chain kinase increases its binding affinity for phosphorylated myosin filaments." SIGNOR-166049 CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0005387 19584257 f lperfetto "However, we show that soluble factors secreted by SUM102 breast cancer cells stimulated the expression of MMP-1 and CXCR4 in HMFs. As a result, these stromal cells acquired an invasive and migratory phenotype" SIGNOR-252266 ING1 protein Q9UK53 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 15662138 f miannu "Ectopic expression of p33ING1b could obviously upregulate p53, p21WAF1 and bax protein levels and activate caspase-3 in taxol-treated U2OS cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that p33ING1b enhances taxol-induced apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway in human osteosarcoma cells." SIGNOR-254488 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 15466476 t lperfetto "Cot proteins were used in an in vitro kinase assay using mek as a substrate. Samples were analyzed by western blotting. As seen in the cascade activity assay only wild-type cot was active against mekregulation of cot is of great interest to the signaling field since the cot/mek/erk pathway potentially plays a role in the etiology of inflammatory autoimmune diseases." SIGNOR-244904 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17909097 f gcesareni "We have concluded that metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis through ampk-dependent regulation of shp" SIGNOR-158071 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-189702 CDCA2 protein Q69YH5 UNIPROT PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 32938714 t done miannu "This result demonstrates that the three sites of Repo-Man (Ser-543, Ser-977, and Ser-981) are phosphorylated by Aurora B in early mitosis. We uncover that PP1γ is recruited to mitotic chromosomes by its regulatory subunit Repo-Man in the absence of Aurora B activity and that Aurora B regulates dissociation of PP1γ by phosphorylating and disrupting PP1γ-Repo-Man interactions on chromatin." SIGNOR-274003 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CDCA2 protein Q69YH5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser977 EPGKRRKsFCISTLA 9606 BTO:0000567 32938714 t done miannu "This result demonstrates that the three sites of Repo-Man (Ser-543, Ser-977, and Ser-981) are phosphorylated by Aurora B in early mitosis. We uncover that PP1γ is recruited to mitotic chromosomes by its regulatory subunit Repo-Man in the absence of Aurora B activity and that Aurora B regulates dissociation of PP1γ by phosphorylating and disrupting PP1γ-Repo-Man interactions on chromatin." SIGNOR-274004 CARS1 protein P49589 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11347887 t miannu "Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the addition of cysteine to its cognate tRNA. Here we report the isolation of a fulllength cDNA that encodes a protein of 748 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence shows considerable similarity to other eukaryotic cysteinyltRNA synthetases in the carboxylterminus. Expression of the fulllength and alternative forms of the enzyme in E. coli generated functional proteins that were active in aminoacylation of human cytoplasmic tRNA with cysteine." SIGNOR-270472 DMC1 protein Q14565 UNIPROT SYCP3 protein Q8IZU3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001275 SIGNOR-C351 10525529 t miannu "The eukaryotic RecA homologues RAD51 and DMC1 function in homology recognition and formation of joint-molecule recombination intermediates during yeast meiosis. We also show that mouse RAD51 and DMC1 establish protein-protein interactions with each other and with the chromosome core component COR1(SCP3) in a two-hybrid system and in vitro binding analyses. These results suggest that the formation of a multiprotein recombination complex associated with the meiotic chromosome cores is essential for the development and fulfillment of the meiotic recombination process." SIGNOR-264206 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MYL12A protein P19105 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr18 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 12185584 t miannu "Phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC) is important for cell motility and cytokinesis in nonmuscle cells. Although the regulation of monophosphorylated MRLC at serine 19 throughout the cell cycle was examined in detail, MRLC diphosphorylation at both threonine 18 and serine 19 is still unclear. Here we found that Rho-kinase has an activity for MRLC diphosphorylation in nonmuscle cells using sequential column chromatographies." SIGNOR-263074 ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17620337 t miannu "Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial cells and early embryos. Ankyrin-G also recruits beta-2-spectrin to E-cadherin-beta-catenin complexes, thus providing a direct connection between E-cadherin and the spectrin/actin skeleton." SIGNOR-266710 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser289 RSHSESAsPSALSSS 10090 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-143688 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 10439039 f gcesareni "P21 may inhibit cell cycle progression by preventing the phosphorylation of prb." SIGNOR-69925 PP121 chemical CHEBI:50915 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206289 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT SIRPA protein P78324 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 11779860 f gcesareni "These studies indicate that igf-ir stimulates phosphorylation of shps-1 which is critical for shp-2 recruitment to the plasma membrane and for its recruitment to the igf-ir" SIGNOR-113640 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21931591 t miannu "CIAP1/2 are direct E3 ligases conjugating diverse types of ubiquitin chains to receptor interacting proteins kinases 1 to 4 (RIP1-4).Together, our results demonstrate that depleting cIAP1/2 inhibits RIP1-4 mediated NF-kB activation without affecting RIP auto-phosphorylation." SIGNOR-272712 DHX9 protein Q08211 UNIPROT mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11402034 f miannu "These results support the proposal that both RHA and HAP95 facilitated the nuclear export of unspliced, CTE-containing mRNA in human cells. we have extended this earlier study by mapping the functional domains of HAP95 and providing strong evidence for a direct role of HAP95 in RHA-mediated nuclear export of CTE-containing mRNA." SIGNOR-260948 FCRL3 protein Q96P31 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12051764 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation of SPAP2a by c-Src and in vitro. Tyrosine-phosphorylated SPAP2 is specifically associated with SH2 domain-containing tyrosine kinases Syk and Zap70 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that tyrosyl residues 650 and 662 embedded in the ITIMs are responsible for the binding of Syk and Zap70 while tyrosyl residues 692 and 722 embedded in the ITIMs are involved in interactions with SHP-1 and SHP-2." SIGNOR-274013 MINK1 protein Q8N4C8 UNIPROT KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9230439 t miannu "Herg, a human homologue of the ether-a-go-go gene of the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster, encodes aproteinthat produces the rapidly activating cardiac delayed rectifier (i[kr]). / our results show that mink physically associates with herg and that the interaction leads to increased ikr current density." SIGNOR-49869 Neutrophil_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH211 SIGNOR Neutrophil_degranulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH212 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000133 2161532 f lperfetto "ANCA cause normal human neutrophils to undergo an oxidative burst and degranulate. Both ANCA phenotypes (i.e., cytoplasmic-pattern ANCA and myeloperoxidase-specific ANCA) induce neutrophil activation." SIGNOR-270582 RPS18 protein P62269 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262433 AP1M1 protein Q9BXS5 UNIPROT "AP-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C248 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21097499 t lperfetto "Key components of this system are the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP)4 complexes, AP-1 (gamma-beta1-mi1-sigma1), AP-2 (α-beta2-mi2-sigma2), AP-3 (delta-beta3-mi3-sigma3), and AP-4 (epsilon-beta4-mi4-sigma4) (subunit composition shown in parentheses)" SIGNOR-260686 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser729 QEEFKGFsYFGEDLM 9606 11964154 t llicata "Protein kinase-inactive mutants of pkcepsilon were not phosphorylated at ser(729) in cells, and phosphorylation of this site leads to dephosphorylation of the activation-loop thr(566)" SIGNOR-117324 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 10801407 t gcesareni "The tumour suppressor protein p53 is stabilised and activated in response to ionising radiation. This is known to depend on the kinase atm;recent results suggest atm acts via the downstream kinase chk2/hcds1, which stabilises p53 at least in part by direct phosphorylation of residue serine 20" SIGNOR-77144 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Ikkbeta phosphorylates foxo3a at ser644. Ikappab kinase (ikk) physically interacts with, phosphorylates, and inhibits foxo3a independent of akt and causes proteolysis of foxo3a via the ub-dependent proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-183684 "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269014 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT DCTN6 protein O00399 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr186 KTMKGSStPVKN -1 23455152 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the p27/p25 heterodimer undergoes mitotic phosphorylation by cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at a single site, p27 Thr186, to generate an anchoring site for polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) at kinetochores." SIGNOR-264777 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 15621017 t "It has been reported that Aβ can result in an increase in intracellular Ca2+, which in turn can activates CaMK." SIGNOR-255491 MOG protein Q16653 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates 33290135 f SimoneGraziosi "Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a nervous system protein expressed by oligodendrocytes to constitute the myelin sheath." SIGNOR-269232 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr886 GGEQDYDyLNDWGPR 9606 BTO:0000848 16371504 t lperfetto "Src-mediated phosphorylation of the n-cadherin cytoplasmic domain results in a significant reduction in beta-catenin bindingbeta-catenin dissociates from n-cadherin and redistributes to the nucleus of transmigrating melanoma cells to activate gene transcription.Because there were only four tyrosine residues (y852, y860, y884, and y886) in this peptide, all of them were phosphorylated." SIGNOR-143246 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation 10090 24003218 t lperfetto "SIRT1 overexpression reduces muscle wasting by blocking the activation of FoxO1 and 3" SIGNOR-217972 BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser463 SPHNPISsVS 9606 9136927 t lperfetto "Here, we report that bmp receptors phosphorylate and activate smad1 directly. Phosphorylation of smad1 in vivo involves serines in the carboxy-terminal motif ssxs. These residues are phosphorylated directly by a bmp type i receptor in vitro" SIGNOR-210079 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser364 TRLGVEPsDDDCVSV 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274033 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT ENO1 protein P06733 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser115 ANAILGVsLAVCKAG 9606 BTO:0000007 27153534 t done miannu "Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown)." SIGNOR-274038 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PALLD protein Q8WX93 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1118 VRRPRSRsRDSGDEN 9606 20471940 t llicata "Akt1, but not akt2, phosphorylates palladin at ser507 in a domain that is critical for f-actin bundling." SIGNOR-252510 fentanyl chemical CHEBI:119915 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258938 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 22863277 f milica "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2, thereby activating yap and taz transcription coactivators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-198553 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser43 RNPEAALsPTFRSDS 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265953 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002882 11684015 f lperfetto "BCR/ABL Tyrosine Kinase Enhances Expression of RAD51 by Stimulation of STAT5-Mediated Transactivation and Inhibition of Caspase-3-Dependent Degradation|" SIGNOR-271704 NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0004168;BTO:0003227 31113871 f lperfetto "We found that the protein levels of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) were increased in NPTX1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 and MHCC-97h cells relative to control cells. In contrast, decreased levels of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were found in NPTX1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 and MHCC-97h cells relative to control" SIGNOR-260412 N-[4-[3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:91467 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189942 GSK690693 chemical CHEBI:90677 ChEBI AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193003 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9606 11971957 t gcesareni "Serines 43, 259, and 621 are phosphorylated by PKA in vitro and induced by cAMP in vivo.cAMP increased Raf-1 serine 259 phosphorylation in a PKA-dependent manner with kinetics that correlated with ERK deactivation." SIGNOR-86141 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR CITED2 protein Q99967 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 18158893 f gcesareni "Foxo3a induces expression of cited2" SIGNOR-252933 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LAX1 protein Q8IWV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr294 AFQCCRDyENVPAAD 9606 BTO:0000007 12359715 t miannu "Upon stimulation via the B or T cell receptors, LAX is rapidly phosphorylated by Src and Syk family tyrosine kinases and interacts with Grb2, Gads, and p85. " SIGNOR-273527 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser385 RYSDTTDsDPENEPF -1 12297295 t llicata "We used mass spectrometric methods to identify Ser(370) and Ser(385) as in vivo phosphorylation sites of PTEN. These sites also are phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro, and phosphorylation inhibits PTEN activity towards its substrate, PIP3. We also identify a novel in vivo phosphorylation site, Thr(366). " SIGNOR-251027 ENO3 protein P13929 UNIPROT phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266526 ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9748228 t fspada "Bmp7 stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous smad1 and 5, formation of complexes with smad4 and induced the promoter for the homeobox gene, tlx2" SIGNOR-60171 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser413 GLMQRSSsFPYTTKG -1 17711846 t done miannu "Here, we find that AMPK directly regulates mammalian FOXO3, a member of the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors known to promote resistance to oxidative stress, tumor suppression, and longevity. We show that AMPK phosphorylates human FOXO3 at six previously unidentified regulatory sites.Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activation of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization.Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylates at least six residues of FOXO3 in vitro (Thr179, Ser399, Ser413, Ser555, Ser588, and Ser626)." SIGNOR-274098 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1735 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself. Cellular kinase cdk9 phosphorylates serine-2 in the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rnap ii" SIGNOR-203544 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16606617 t irozzo "In this study, we demonstrate that mammalian ASXL1 interacts with the AF-2 AD core of RAR (and RXR) through a novel, promiscuous NR box (LVMQLL) and enhances transcriptional activity of the receptors in certain cells." SIGNOR-255911 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18177723 f "andrea cerquone perpetuini" "Cyclin D1 is necessary for proliferation of different cell types, including myogenic cells." SIGNOR-255412 NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21261500 f "Taken together, our results indicate that the expression of MEF2C in T-ALL cells is principally deregulated via activating leukemic transcription factors GFI1B or NKX2-5 and by escaping inhibitory developmental STAT5 signaling." SIGNOR-253656 KMT2D protein O14686 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16603732 t miannu "A novel estrogen receptor (er)alpha coactivator complex, the mll2 complex, which consists of mll2, ash2, rbq3, and wdr5, was identified / disrupting the interaction between eralpha and the mll2 complex with small interfering rnas specific against mll2 or an mll2 fragment representing the interacting region with eralpha significantly inhibited the eralpha transcription activity." SIGNOR-145865 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ERF protein P50548 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser161 SPTEDPRsPPACSSS 9606 10330152 t lperfetto "The experiments presented here indicate that erf is regulated during nuclear import and/or export and that this process depends on its phosphorylation by erks our analysis indicates that in addition to t526 (position 7), s161 (position 2), s246 (position 3), and s251 (position 4) are also phosphorylated in vitro by erk2 and in vivo after mitogenic stimulation (fig. 3a)." SIGNOR-67520 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10116 14512875 t lperfetto "P38 mapk mediates fibrogenic signal through smad3 phosphorylation in rat myofibroblasts. the phosphorylation promoted hetero-complex formation and nuclear translocation of smad3 and smad4." SIGNOR-236136 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT EPO protein P01588 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8756616 t "We demonstrate the involvement of HIF-1 in the activation of VEGF transcription. VEGF 5'-flanking sequences mediated transcriptional activation of reporter gene expression in hypoxic Hep3B cells" SIGNOR-256593 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD3E protein P07766 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr199 RKGQRDLySGLNQRR 9534 11855827 t "Tyrosine Phosphorylation of CD8- Chimeras by Lck and ZAP-70 in COS Cells. both Y170F and Y181F chimeric proteins could be efficiently phosphorylated by Lck in vivo. phosphorylation of Y170 and Y181 within CD3- –ITAM provides to CD3- the potential to interact with multiple downstream effectors and signaling pathways." SIGNOR-251369 NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 16697957 t miannu "NKX3.1 negatively regulates AKT activity in an AR-dependent manner" SIGNOR-251552 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254853 VKORC1L1 protein Q8N0U8 UNIPROT "vitamin K epoxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:28371 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "The epoxide form of vitamin K is reduced by epoxide reductase (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1; VKORC1 or vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1-like 1; VKORC1L1) to a reduced form and then to the reduced hydroquinone form" SIGNOR-265902 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20404009 t Luana "In vitro functional assays demonstrated that lurasidone acts as an antagonist at D2 and 5-HT7 receptors and as a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype." SIGNOR-257839 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser476 MNILGSQsPLHPSTL 9606 15952796 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb10 by mitogen-activated protein kinase: identification of ser150 and ser476 of human grb10zeta as major phosphorylation sitesreplacing ser(150) and ser(476) with alanines reduced the inhibitory effect of human grb10zeta on insulin-stimulated irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation" SIGNOR-138175 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP 9606 BTO:0001023 16596250 t "Protein phosphatase 2A interacts with Chk2 and regulates phosphorylation at Thr-68 after cisplatin treatment of human ovarian cancer cells|In response to DNA damage, Chk2 is initially phosphorylated at Thr-68, which leads to its full activation." SIGNOR-248617 FGR protein P09769 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL -1 9208935 t "An eicosapeptide encompassing the C-terminal tail of c-Src (Tyr527) which is conserved in most Src-related protein kinases, is phosphorylated by C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and by the two Src-related protein kinases c-Fgr and Lyn, with similar kinetic constants. " SIGNOR-251145 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PEX2 protein P28328 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271058 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr426 NEEWYVSyITRPEAE -1 8702662 t "Ability of p56lck to phosphorylate Tyr-423/426 within SLP-76 in vitro" SIGNOR-251382 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA1B protein P68363 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys40 DGQMPSDkTIGGGDD -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272245 AKAP11 protein Q9UKA4 UNIPROT PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 26088133 t lperfetto "A-kinase anchoring protein 220 (AKAP220) is a multivalent anchoring protein that can sequester a variety of signal transduction enzymes. These include protein kinase A (PKA) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta)." SIGNOR-264818 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Phe-tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29153 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269560 PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11331587 t "Type I noncanonical;P-cyclina B (CCNB)." gcesareni "In addition, we demonstrate that endogenous ptc1 and endogenous cyclin B1 interact in vivo. The findings reported here demonstrate that ptc1 participates in determining the subcellular localization of cyclin B1 and suggest a link between the tumor suppressor activity of ptc1 and the regulation of cell division. Thus, we propose that ptc1 participates in a G2/M checkpoint by regulating the localization of MPF." SIGNOR-199147 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DAZAP1 protein Q96EP5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr269 FTSYIVStPPGGFPP 9606 BTO:0000007 16848763 t miannu "Further experiments showed that DAZAP1 was phosphorylated stoichiometrically in vitro by ERK2 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 2) at two Thr-Pro sequences (Thr269 and Thr315), and that both sites became phosphorylated in HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cells in response to PMA or EGF (epidermal growth factor), or RAW 264.7 macrophages in response to LPS. Phosphorylation of the ARE-binding protein DAZAP1 by ERK2 induces its dissociation from DAZ" SIGNOR-262970 ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 18840648 t miannu "Ankyrin repeat domain 11, ANKRD11 (also known as ANR11 or ANCO1), was found to be a novel p53-interacting protein that enhanced the transcriptional activity of p53. In addition, ANKRD11 itself was found to be a novel p53 target gene. These findings demonstrate a role for ANKRD11 as a p53 coactivator and suggest the involvement of ANKRD11 in a regulatory feedback loop with p53." SIGNOR-266734 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser266 FGYGGRAsDYKSAHK -1 2413024 t miannu "Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-163" SIGNOR-250013 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr388 NQAFLGFtYVAPSVL -1 11733037 t miannu "In vitro phosphorylation and activation of p70β by mTOR and PDK1. We observed that the replacement of either Thr241 or Thr401 to Ala in p70β1(T241A, T401A) severely decreased the kinase activity." SIGNOR-250295 RFX1 protein P22670 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9583676 t gcesareni "We show that rfxi and c-abl are in direct interaction, in vitro and in cell extracts, through the rfxi proline rich (pxxp) motif and the c-abl sh3 domain. Remarkably, this interaction significantly potentiates c-abl but not v-abl auto-kinase activity" SIGNOR-57516 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu56 KKGHLEReCMEETCS -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263667 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser469 AHEENPEsILDEHVQ -1 17318175 t lperfetto "Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated (Supplementary Figure 3). Three of them (S80, S82, and S473) were also phosphorylated in vitro by CKI and are conserved between axin1 and axin2/conductin.|This suggests that cumulative phosphorylation of axin is required for it to fully downregulate Wnt/beta_catenin signaling." SIGNOR-249192 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr227 KVDATADyICKVKWG 9606 BTO:0000007 32420483 t done miannu " We demonstrate the binding of PIP2 to the CoA-binding domain of ACLY and identify the six tyrosine residues of ACLY that are phosphorylated by Lyn. Three of them (Y682, Y252, Y227) can be also phosphorylated by Src and they are located in catalytic, citrate binding and ATP binding domains, respectively. PI3K and Lyn inhibitors reduce the ACLY enzyme activity, ACLY-mediated Acetyl-CoA synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, histone acetylation and cell growth. Thus, PIP2/PIP3 binding and Src tyrosine kinases-mediated stimulation of ACLY links oncogenic pathways to Acetyl-CoA-dependent pro-growth and survival metabolic pathways in cancer cells." SIGNOR-274104 NFYB protein P25208 UNIPROT SOX18 protein P35713 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 18496767 f miannu "co-transfection experiments revealed that over-expression of Sp3 and ZBP-89 down-regulate, while over-expression of NF-Y up-regulates SOX18 promoter activity in HeLa cells" SIGNOR-254819 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29751001 t miannu "Another example is the heteromer between CB1 and orexin 1 receptor (OX1R). The CB1 activation potentiated the OX1R signaling (218), suggesting the interaction of these two receptors. Interaction of their surface distribution was also reported. " SIGNOR-264269 GRM6 protein O15303 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264354 CHD3 protein Q12873 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263855 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser311 SFRTPRDsKLEAPAE 9606 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation./Phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163780 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT NABP2 protein Q9BQ15 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25249620 t miannu "Here, we report that hSSB1 is the bona fide substrate for an Fbxl5-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase. Fbxl5 interacts with and targets hSSB1 for ubiquitination and degradation, which could be prevented by ATM-mediated hSSB1 T117 phosphorylation. " SIGNOR-272460 KLHL25 protein Q9H0H3 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22578813 t miannu "We identified the KLHL25-CUL3 complex as the E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets hypophosphorylated 4E-BP1. Thus, the activity of eIF4E is under homeostatic control via the regulation of the levels of its repressor protein 4E-BP1 through ubiquitination." SIGNOR-272049 WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25071155 t miannu "WWP2 ubiquitinates p73 and controls its protein stability. In our study, we identified WWP2, an E3 ligase, as a novel p73-associated protein that ubiquitinates and degrades p73. In contrast, WWP2 heterodimerizes with another E3 ligase, WWP1, which specifically ubiquitinates and degrades ΔNp73. " SIGNOR-272233 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA8 protein Q9NY65 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272250 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr576 RYMEDSTyYKASKGK 9606 16782899 t llicata "Met-mediated fak phosphorylation could further activate fak. Indeed, we found that met phosphorylates fak at its known phosphorylation sites, including tyr-576 and tyr-577, both of which are located in the activating loop within the catalytic domain" SIGNOR-147191 FKBP15 protein Q5T1M5 UNIPROT WIPF1 protein O43516 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19121306 t Giulio "However, we did detect WAFL binding to bothWIP and actin by immunoprecipitation (Fig. 4). In conclusion, we propose a model whereby WAFL associates toendocytic vesicles by its coiled-coil domain and is involved in actin-based movement of early endosomes via WIP and binding to actin." SIGNOR-260596 CSK protein P41240 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1218 MVSTFEQyQFLYDVI 9606 BTO:0000782 7507203 t llicata "Tyrosine phosphorylation of cd45 phosphotyrosine phosphatase by p50csk kinase creates a binding site for p56lck tyrosine kinase and activates the phosphatase." SIGNOR-26785 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser312 ASLKRSPsASSLSSM -1 24451569 t lperfetto "Plk1 phosphorylates CLIP-170 and regulates its binding to microtubules for chromosome alignment|Here, we show that phosphorylation at Ser312 in the third serine-rich region of CLIP-170 is increased during mitosis. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is responsible for this phosphorylation during the mitotic phase of dividing cells. In vitro analysis using a purified CLIP-170 N-terminal fragment showed that phosphorylation by Plk1 diminishes CLIP-170 binding to the MT ends" SIGNOR-264575 DPDPE chemical CHEBI:73356 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258792 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser187 NSHPFPHsPNSSYPN 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248300 RALGAPB protein Q86X10 UNIPROT RalGAP1 complex SIGNOR-C468 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000011 21148297 t miannu "Here we report the identification and characterization of a Ral GAP complex (RGC) that mediates the activation of RalA downstream of the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The complex is composed of an RGC1 regulatory subunit and an RGC2 catalytic subunit (previously identified as AS250) that directly stimulates the guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis of RalA." SIGNOR-269792 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 16275751 f "andrea cerquone perpetuini" "Together, these results support the notion that Myf5 functions toward myoblast proliferation, whereas MyoD prepares myoblasts for efficient differentiation." SIGNOR-255417 TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 25290089 t lperfetto "The irak1/traf6 complex can also activate jnk and p38 signalling through assembly of a catalytically active tab2-tab3-tak1 complex." SIGNOR-205440 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11965534 f acerquone "Further analyses suggested that the modification of chromatin within the survivin promoter could be a molecular explanation for silencing of survivin gene transcription by p53." SIGNOR-117328 "D-ribulose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17363 ChEBI "D-xylulose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57737 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267062 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser28 LEEGASGsTPPEELP 9606 16963224 t llicata "Activated pkc delta was able to phosphorylate shca at ser29, as determined by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-149402 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser43 RNPEAALsPTFRSDS 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265950 THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 6153132 f lperfetto "The human and rat OT promoters could be stimulated by the ligand-activated estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta, the thyroid hormone receptor THRapha, and the retinoic acid receptors RARalpha and RARbeta in a variety of cells (3, 477, 478). However, it is important to note that these results were obtained from cotransfection experiments in cell lines, i.e., under nonphysiological circumstances." SIGNOR-268550 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser142 RKILNDLsSDAPGVP 9606 9668047 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of creb1 at ser142 and ser143 is selectively activated by ca(2+) influx;phosphorylation of ser142 and ser143, disrupts the interaction of creb with its cofactor cbp. Phosphorylation of serine 142 in creb by camkii leads to dissociation of the creb dimer." SIGNOR-59137 ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 2163110 t "The protein, termed beta-arrestin, was expressed and partially purified. It inhibited the signaling function of beta ARK-phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptors by more than 75 percent, but not that of rhodopsin. It is proposed that beta-arrestin in concert with beta ARK effects homologous desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors" SIGNOR-256501 SLC12A4 protein Q9UP95 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 21613606 t lperfetto "Eukaryotic cells regulate their volume in the long term through the coordinated function of the Na+-coupled chloride (NKCC1/2 and NCC) and K+-coupled chloride (KCC1–4) cotransporters, which encompass two branches of the SLC12|The K+-Cl− cotransporters move chloride outside the cell, are inhibited by phosphorylation, and are activated by dephosphorylation. In contrast, the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporters introduce chloride into the cell, are inhibited by dephosphorylation, and are activated by phosphorylation gene family of solute transporters (12). " SIGNOR-264636 P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257273 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr387 TMKRRDEtMQPAKPS 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "Full activation of mst1 requires an activation cleavage that is prevented by the phosphorylation of thr-387 by akt." SIGNOR-252537 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF144B protein Q7Z419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271181 MVD protein P53602 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9534 12646231 f miannu "An overexpression of mot-2 resulted in reduced level of Ras and phosphorylated ERK2. These were rescued by co-expression of MPD from an exogenous promoter demonstrating a functional link between mot-2, MPD, and Ras. Ras and its oncogenic forms act as key players in controlling proliferation of normal and cancerous cells. Assigning mot-2 upstream of p21Ras offers an important mechanism for influence over cell proliferation. Therefore, we ra tionaled to investigate if overexpression of MPD could affect the steady state levels of Ras by affecting its prenylationTransient transfections of MPD-myc in COS 7 cells resulted in higher stable levels of Ras as compared to the untransfected cells (Fig. 3A, compare lanes 4 and 8 and Fig. 3B)" SIGNOR-265889 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f gcesareni "In this study, we found that metformin increased shp gene expression via ampk activation and inhibited the expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic genes pepck and g6pase via upregulation of shp." SIGNOR-158056 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser42 TLLIRNGsEVRDPLV -1 8506364 t miannu "Ser-42 can be phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or protein kinase C" SIGNOR-249999 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192449 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 16501611 t lperfetto "Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway." SIGNOR-264670 CLK4 protein Q9HAZ1 UNIPROT NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser203 EYPEPYAsPPQPGLP 9606 BTO:0000007 35592512 t done miannu "Immunoblotting analyses showed that the phosphorylation status of NR5A1 at Ser203 was attenuated by the CLK1/4 inhibitor." SIGNOR-274117 MUL1 protein Q969V5 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys606 EELLAEEKSKPIPIM 9606 BTO:0000007 19638400 t Barakat "Through detailed analysis, we find that Drp1 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 via multiple regions and demonstrate that Drp1 is a direct target of SUMO modification by all three SUMO isoforms." SIGNOR-274129 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF112 protein Q9ULX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271235 MUL1 protein Q969V5 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys608 LLAEEKSKPIPIMPA 9606 BTO:0000007 19638400 t Barakat "Through detailed analysis, we find that Drp1 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 via multiple regions and demonstrate that Drp1 is a direct target of SUMO modification by all three SUMO isoforms." SIGNOR-274130 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 15531580 t llicata "Purified akt directly phosphorylates recombinant ezrin at threonine 567 in vitro in an atp-dependent manner. ezrin activation after initiation of na+-glucose cotransport requires akt2 expression" SIGNOR-130260 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 33081032 t miannu "GSK3β regulates S6K1 activity positively through modulating phosphorylation of S6K1 at p.Ser371." SIGNOR-263513 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1457 SEKAVLTsQKSSEYP 9606 BTO:0000773 11278964 t lperfetto "Brca1 is phosphorylated at ser-1423 and ser-1524 after ir and uv;however, ser-1387 is specifically phosphorylated after ir, and ser-1457 is predominantly phosphorylated after uv.atr controls brca1 phosphorylation in vivo. Taken together, our results support a model in which atm and atr act in parallel but somewhat overlapping pathways of dna damage signaling but respond primarily to different types of dna lesion." SIGNOR-106440 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Met-tRNA(Met) chemical CHEBI:16635 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269544 Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268701 UDP-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:18066 ChEBI P2RY14 protein Q15391 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257562 BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 24392140 f lperfetto "In HEK293A cells transfected with luciferase reporter constructs, necdin relieves Bmi1-dependent repression of p16 promoter activity, whereas Bmi1 counteracts necdin-mediated repression of E2F1-dependent Cdk1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-253386 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI SLC25A12 protein O75746 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 12084073 t miannu "Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane." SIGNOR-265152 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16547521 t miannu " KLHL12 recruits Dsh to Cullin-3 for protein degradation. In vitro ubiquitination of Dsh3 by KLHL12–Cullin-3–Roc1. The E3 ligase complex was obtained by transfection of HEK293T cells . We show that the BTB-containing protein KLHL12 negatively regulates Dsh function by recruiting a pool of Dsh to the Cullin-3 ligase scaffold, thereby promoting its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271560 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2W protein Q96B02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271374 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser585 WRGMLKTSKAEELLA 9606 BTO:0000007 17301055 t Barakat "Drp1 was specifically phosphorylated at Ser-585 by Cdk1/cyclin B, which stimulated the mitochondrial fission in mitosis. From these results, we concluded that mitochondrial morphology is regulated by Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in mitotic cells" SIGNOR-274131 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MFN1 protein Q8IWA4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr562 LPRSLASTPTAPTTP 10090 BTO:0002572 25801171 t Barakat "Finally, in Mfn1 -/- cells re-expressing the MFN1 T562A mutant, phosphorylation was undetectable even in the presence of EGF. Taken together, these data indicate that ERK phosphorylates MFN1 at T562." SIGNOR-274134 WNT5B protein Q9H1J7 UNIPROT FZD6 protein O60353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 16273260 t gcesareni "Human wnt5a, wnt5b and wnt11 are non-canonical wnt ligands transducing pcp signals through fzd3 or fzd6 receptors." SIGNOR-141443 FBXW8 protein Q8N3Y1 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 23142081 t miannu "Defective IRS-1 degradation was due to attenuated expression and phosphorylation of the ubiquitin ligase substrate-targeting subunit, Fbw8. mTORC2 stabilizes Fbw8 by phosphorylation at Ser86, allowing the insulin-induced translocation of Fbw8 to the cytosol where it mediates IRS-1 degradation. " SIGNOR-271939 PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25211658 t "FGFR4 is a transcriptional target of PAX3 and the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein found in ARMS." SIGNOR-251572 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr172 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 9606 SIGNOR-C15 14614828 t gcesareni "We demonstrated that lkb1 phosphorylates ampk on the activation loop threonine (thr172) within the catalytic subunit and activates ampk in vitro. Here, we have investigated whether lkb1 corresponds to the major ampkk activity present in cell extracts. Ampkk purified from rat liver corresponds to lkb1, and blocking lkb1 activity in cells abolishes ampk activation in response to different stimuli" SIGNOR-119179 CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001073 23504413 f lperfetto "CRH, as a principal mediator of endocrine stress response, activates the HPA axis (Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis) by binding to the CRHR1 in the anterior pituitary. This, through a cascade of reactions, increases the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and the subsequent release of POMC-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin. ACTH, in turn, stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex (Vale et al. 1981)." SIGNOR-268612 ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256808 diazepam chemical CHEBI:49575 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The traditional BZ site agonists (GABA-enhancing CNS depressants such as diazepam) are active on the GABAA-Rs containing a gamma2 subunit (Pritchett et al., 1989), a beta subunit, and one of the alpha subunits, alpha1, 2, 3, or 5." SIGNOR-263796 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT IBTK protein Q9P2D0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1200 ASSLHSVsSKSFRDF 9606 BTO:0000776 21482705 t llicata "We found that ibtk_ is phosphorylated at serines 87 and 90 by pkc on bcr engagement;this phosphorylation causes the dissociation of the btk:ibtk_ complex and allows btk to translocate to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-173383 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser95 TSSSSATsPASASFK 9606 17023523 t llicata "We also identified the exact phosphorylation site of jnk to be serine 95 at the n terminus of tr3, around which a classical jnk phosphorylation motif exists. Furthermore, we demonstrated that tr3 phosphorylation by jnk coincided with its ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in the loss of its mitogenic activity." SIGNOR-149998 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257229 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5‚Ä≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-267516 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C110 10644691 t acerquone "Pp2c utilizes axin as a substrate both in vitro and in vivo and decreases its half-life. These results indicate that pp2c is a positive regulator of wnt signal transduction and mediates its effects through the dephosphorylation of axin." SIGNOR-74231 TESK1 protein Q15569 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 BTO:0000567 11294912 t lperfetto "These results suggest that TESK1 functions downstream of integrins and plays a key role in integrin-mediated actin reorganization, presumably through phosphorylating and inactivating cofilin. We propose that tesk1 and lim-kinases commonly phosphorylate cofilin but are regulated in different ways and play distinct roles in actin reorganization in living cells." SIGNOR-106777 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 14976552 t lperfetto "We recently demonstrated that the LKB1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase STRAD and the scaffolding protein MO25, phosphorylates and activates AMP_activated protein kinase (AMPK)." SIGNOR-242602 AIM2 protein O14862 UNIPROT "AIM2 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C222 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256399 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser187 NSHPFPHsPNSSYPN 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-189129 TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT "L-alanine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57972 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28153798 t scontino "The synthesis of T3 and T4 is achieved through the transfer of an iodophenoxyl group from a MIT or DIT residue called a ‚Äúdonor‚Äù onto a DIT residue called an ‚Äúacceptor‚Äù. TPO seems to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the oxidations of iodotyrosines." SIGNOR-267041 MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 19109563 f irozzo "These results show that MEIS1 expression is important for MLL-rearranged leukemias and suggest that MEIS1 promotes cell-cycle entry.Flow cytometric analysis of PI-stained nuclei showed that Meis1 knockdown led to a cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase." SIGNOR-255859 FZD9 protein O00144 UNIPROT SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15705594 f miannu "In NSCLC cells, Wnt-7a and Fzd-9 induced both cadherin and Sprouty-4 expression and stimulated the JNK pathway, but not beta-catenin/T cell factor activity." SIGNOR-253035 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 19058965 t Luana "Tazarotene and its analogue 8 are RAR-β,γ selective acetylenic retinoids, whereas analogue 9 is very active on the three subtypes. " SIGNOR-258030 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257011 EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr596 LNQGVRTyVDPFTYE -1 8622893 t "Two dimensional phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis defined juxtamembrane residue Y602 as a major site of in vitro autophosphorylation in Sek, whilst Y596 was phosphorylated to a lower stoichiometry." SIGNOR-251118 TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR NLRP3 protein Q96P20 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 28531279 f lperfetto "The activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages requires two stimuli. The first signal, called priming, is provided by an inflammatory stimulus such as TLRs and TNF-α receptor (TNFR) that leads to NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 expression and post-translational modifications of NLRP3" SIGNOR-256428 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19632174 t gcesareni "Rip3 directly interacts with glycogen phosphorylase (pygl), glutamate ammonia ligase (glul), and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (glud1). Rip kinase activity is required to enhance the activities of all three enzymes both in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-186939 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser304 RASRRSDsASSEPVG 9606 19366211 t llicata "This study identifies novel in vitro pkcdelta autophosphorylation sites at thr(141) adjacent to the pseudosubstrate domain, thr(218) in the c1a-c1b interdomain, ser(295), ser(302), and ser(304) in the hinge region, and ser(503) adjacent to thr(505) in the activation loop." SIGNOR-185295 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000944 7706312 t lperfetto "Association of B-Raf with immobilized Ras occurred independently of prior stimulation of cells with serum, suggesting that primarily the production of GTP-Ras by mitogen stimulation is critical for the formation of B-Raf_GTP-Ras complexes." SIGNOR-235478 NRP2 protein O60462 UNIPROT VEGFC protein P49767 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16816121 t gcesareni "By in vitro binding studies we found that both vegf-c and vegf-d interact with np2, vegf-c in a heparin-independent and vegf-d in a heparin-dependent manner." SIGNOR-147530 ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000018 27995049 f miannu "We also investigated the potential regulation of cancer-associated signaling pathways by Anxa3 through screening for the altered expression of some common signaling molecules after Anxa3 downregulation. Decreased phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, Akt, and IκBα was detected after downregulating Anxa3 expression in A549 cells." SIGNOR-262210 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1724 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248776 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 10935507 t lperfetto "Many posttranslational modifications of p53, such as phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, acetylation and ribosylation, have been shown to occur following cellular stress. Some of these modifications may activate the p53 protein, interfere with MDM2 binding and/or dictate cellular localization of p53." SIGNOR-80528 N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-oxomethyl]-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutanamide chemical CHEBI:91371 ChEBI CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206130 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser36 RHDSGLDsMKDEEYE 9606 BTO:0000567 9346241 t lperfetto "We described the purification of a 900 kda protein kinase complex, the ikb kinase (ikk), that phosphorylates ikbalfa and ikbbeta at the sites that mediate their ubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-209773 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 8387505 t lperfetto "The pp90rsk phosphothreonine content paralleled the ERK1 activity more closely than the phosphoserine level. These results provide compelling evidence that in fibroblasts and PC12 cells ERK1 plays a direct role in the phosphorylation of pp90rsk and that pp90rsk represents a physiologically relevant substrate of extracellular-regulated kinases" SIGNOR-38999 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1247 KNENTEGsPQEDGVE 9606 BTO:0000567 7635160 t llicata "We show that many of the sites phosphorylated on topoisomerase iia in vivo correspond to sites phosphorylated in vitro by both p3pdcz and mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase. similarly, phosphopeptide 4 was absent from a mutant protein lacking ser1246" SIGNOR-30244 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser41 SLSESEEsQDSSDSI 9606 20730097 t lperfetto "Although the functional impact of ck-mediated atf1 phosphorylation is still unclear, we found that mutation of ser-36 and ser-41 increased cbp kix domain binding by up to four fold (fig. 2g). This result is consistent with the negative impact of ck-mediated phosphorylation on cbp binding affinity of creb that we previously reported" SIGNOR-167552 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 LSLTRGLsRTSMKPR 9606 22514276 t miannu "A stable interaction between ?(C)-camkii and the intracellular loop between domains 1 and 2 of na(v)1.5 was observed. This region was also phosphorylated by ?(C)-camkii, specifically at the ser-516 and thr-594 sites.Wild-type (wt) and phosphomutant hna(v)1.5 were co-expressed with gfp-?(C)-camkii in hek293 cells, and i(na) was recorded. As observed in myocytes, camkii shifted wt i(na) availability to a more negative membrane potential and enhanced accumulation of i(na) into an intermediate inactivated state, but these effects were abolished by mutating either of these sites to non-phosphorylatable ala residues." SIGNOR-197058 RRAGD protein Q9NQL2 UNIPROT RAGAD complex SIGNOR-C114 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "Mammals express four Rag proteins€”RagA, RagB, RagC, and RagD€”that form heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB with RagC or RagD. RagA and RagB, like RagC and RagD, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-228170 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258016 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser36 PRKQPPVsPGTALVG 9606 17960875 t gcesareni "Here, we found that hipk2 phosphorylates hmga1a at ser-35, thr-52, and thr-77, and hmga1b at thr-41 and thr-66. In addition, we demonstrated that cdc2, which is known to phosphorylate hmga1 proteins, could induce the phosphorylation of hmga1 proteins at the same ser/thr sites. we found that the hipk2-phosphorylated hmga1a reduced the binding affinity of hmga1a to human germ line promoter, and the drop in binding affinity induced by hipk2 phosphorylation was lower than that introduced by cdc2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-158604 PHKG2 protein P15735 UNIPROT PYGM protein P11217 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser15 QEKRKQIsVRGLAGV 9606 BTO:0002049 22225877 t "It is well-characterized that GP is activated by PhK-mediated serine phosphorylation at Ser-15" SIGNOR-267400 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18586026 f gcesareni "These data show that tgf-beta-induced nf-kappab activation is through tak1/mek-mediated aktactivation, which is essential for tgf-beta to support of osteoclast survival" SIGNOR-179179 GRM2 protein Q14416 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264349 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-270206 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17643073 t gcesareni "In mammalian cells, the antiapoptotic protein, bcl-2, binds to beclin 1 during nonstarvation conditions and inhibits its autophagy function." SIGNOR-156941 TANC2 protein Q9HCD6 UNIPROT Dendritic_spine_morphogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH183 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 21068316 t miannu "In the present study, we provide evidence that TANC1 and its close relative TANC2 regulate dendritic spines and excitatory synapses. our results indicate that TANC-dependent spine/synapse maintenance requires TANC binding to PSD-95, which promotes synaptic localization of TANC proteins. Thus, it is likely that interaction with PSD-95 concentrates TANC proteins at synapses, where they play a role in mediating PSD-95-dependent maintenance of spines and synapses." SIGNOR-266897 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT PKCtheta/Nfix complex SIGNOR-C121 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 20178747 t llicata "In the case of the MCK promoter, Nfix forms a complex with PKC theta that binds, phosphorylates, and activates MEF2A." SIGNOR-238019 MAG protein P20916 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates 17241126 f SimoneGraziosi "The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendroglial membranes of myelin sheaths where it functions in glia-axon interactions." SIGNOR-269231 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT TBC1D1 protein Q86TI0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser237 RPMRKSFsQPGLRSL 9606 BTO:0001760 SIGNOR-C15 17995453 t gcesareni "In rat l6 myotubes, endogenous tbc1d1 is strongly phosphorylated on ser237 and binds to 14-3-3s in response to the ampk activators aicar" SIGNOR-159048 UBA1 protein P22314 UNIPROT "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24816100 t miannu "The activation of ubiquitin by the ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1 (E1) constitutes the first step in the covalent modification of target proteins with ubiquitin. This activation is a three-step process in which ubiquitin is adenylated at its C-terminal glycine, followed by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to a catalytic cysteine residue of Uba1 and the subsequent adenylation of a second ubiquitin." SIGNOR-270833 Tocilizumab antibody DB06273 DRUGBANK IL6R protein P08887 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 32446778 t "doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003" miannu "Tocilizumab is a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor IgG1 monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases [14]. By blocking the IL-6-receptor interaction, Tocilizumab inhibits the IL-6-mediated signal transduction. Although clinical data on the use of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients derive from small series, some authors recommend its use in critically ill COVID-19 patients with significantly elevated IL-6 levels." SIGNOR-260857 YWHAE protein P62258 UNIPROT NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23230147 t miannu "These results suggest the important role of 14-3-3 in the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly, and in the capacity to prevent the formation of NF-L aggregates. all seven isoforms specifically interacted with NF-L, but not NF-M or NF-H. specific interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with phosphorylated NF-L subunits also indicated the role of 14-3-3 and NF-L phosphorylation in the disassembly of neurofilaments. What is more, binding of 14-3-3 to phosphorylated NF-L subunits may prevent the dephosphorylation of these subunits by phosphatases, maintaining the hyperphosphorylation state of the subunits, which facilitates the disassembly of neurofilaments." SIGNOR-252398 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248801 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-252083 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ABCC1 protein P33527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr249 WSLNKEDtSEQVVPV 9606 22695718 t lperfetto "Casein kinase 2_ regulates multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 function via phosphorylation of thr249. This study supports a model in which ck2_ potentiates mrp1 function via direct phosphorylation of thr249." SIGNOR-197844 GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0005787 BTO:0001103 23612709 t miannu "The MEK5-dependent activation of ERK5 promotes binding of the transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of the genes encoding the transcription factors Klf2 and Klf4, leading to their increased abundance. Subsequently, Klf2 and Klf4 bind to the Npnt promoter and induce the production of nephronectin during myoblast fusion" SIGNOR-255452 ARHGEF15 protein O94989 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260540 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr210 YDGERKKtLCGTPNY 9606 18615013 t gcesareni "We find that aurora a (aurka) can directly phosphorylate plk1 on thr 210;activation of plk1 requires phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue (thr 210)." SIGNOR-179422 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr138 GGFIRRVtNDARENE 10116 BTO:0001009 12459461 t miannu "Thr138 as the exclusive site of SNAP-25 phosphorylation by protein kinase A in vivo. PMA or forskolin treatment alone resulted in dramatic phosphorylation of SNAP-25 Ser187 and/or Thr138 without appreciable neurotransmitter release." SIGNOR-250052 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17289999 t gcesareni "Bax is held in check by mcl1, bcl-2, and either bcl2l1 or bcl2l2, or by all four. They bind a primed conformer of bak or bax" SIGNOR-152983 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT LORICRIN protein P23490 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12200429 f miannu "Loricrin expression is suppressed by Jun B, Sp3, and KSR-1 proteins." SIGNOR-254537 NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT S100A6 protein P06703 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 12859951 f miannu "Transient expression of NF-kappaB (p65) increased S100A6 promoter activity and expression of inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha) decreased TNFalpha-induced S100A6 promoter activity. " SIGNOR-254804 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser184 VAGVLTAsLTIWKKM 9606 BTO:0003473 14766748 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of Bax Ser184 by Akt regulates its activity and apoptosis in neutrophilsWe suggest that Bax is regulated by phosphorylation of Ser(184) in an Akt-dependent manner and that phosphorylation inhibits Bax effects on the mitochondria by maintaining the protein in the cytoplasm, heterodimerized with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members" SIGNOR-209651 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr368 STKMHGDyTLTLRKG 9534 8385099 t "The alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated at tyrosines 368, 580, and 607 by the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-252692 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr220 QSNYIPEtPPPGYIS 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t miannu "Phosphorylation of smad2 by erk increases its transcriptional activity /thr220 and ser245, ser250, and ser255 were possible phosphorylation sites. The phosphorylation of peak a peptide by erk1 is consistent with that prediction." SIGNOR-91726 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr291 AETSKLIyDFIEDQG 9606 10068673 t llicata "These results indicate that btk phosphorylates wasp on its tyrosine 291" SIGNOR-86004 WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT ABI3 protein Q9P2A4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 15998807 t miannu "The AIP2 E3 ligase acts as a novel negative regulator of ABA signaling by promoting ABI3 degradation. Here, we show that ABI3 is an unstable protein and that an ABI3-interacting protein (AIP2), which contains a RING motif, can polyubiquitinate ABI3 in vitro." SIGNOR-272656 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t gcesareni "The syk-family kinases (syk and zap-70) were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site on shc1 (iso2)." SIGNOR-59647 CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 10649448 f gcesareni "We conclude that glucocorticoid-induced adipogenesis from bone marrow stromal cells is mediated through a reaction cascade in which dexamethasone transcriptionally activates C/EBPdelta; C/EBPdelta then binds to PPARgamma2 promoter and transactivates PPARgamma2 gene expression." SIGNOR-253062 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 IRQIRQHsWFRKKHP 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001260 19414597 t llicata "Here, we have identified s307 as a novel phosphorylation site in lkb1 and provide evidence that, in multiple cell types, phosphorylation of this site by protein kinase c ? (pkc-?) Induces nucleocytoplasmic transport of lkb1." SIGNOR-185640 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser428 SSKIRRLsACKQQ 9606 BTO:0001271 25846811 t lperfetto "Negative regulation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway by ERK in human acute myeloid leukemia cellsBRAFV600E activates downstream molecules, including ERK and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), and leads to the phosphorylation of LKB-1 at Ser428 by these kinases. This cascade results in the dissociation of LKB1 from AMPK." SIGNOR-209871 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001271 12835716 t lperfetto "Furthermore, c-myc activation can also promote the degradation of p27kip1 protein by directly activating the cul1 gene, which encodes a critical component of the ubiquitin ligase scfskp2" SIGNOR-217172 POLA1 protein P09884 UNIPROT DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19608746 f lperfetto "Mcm10 is an essential eukaryotic protein required for the initiation and elongation phases of chromosomal replication. Specifically, Mcm10 is required for the association of several replication proteins, including DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha), with chromatin." SIGNOR-261275 "hexadecanoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15756 ChEBI palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21242590 t miannu "Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) catalyze the thioesterification of long-chain FAs into their acyl-CoA derivatives. On the other hand, overexpression of ACSL1 resulted in large increases in oleoyl-CoA synthesis and palmitoyl-CoA synthesis in SMC lysates (Fig. 4A)." SIGNOR-267876 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT DNAJB1 protein P25685 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser151 VNFGRSRsAQEPARK 9606 24309468 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of heat shock protein 40 (hsp40/dnajb1) by mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5 (mk5/prak). Mk5 phosphorylates hsp40/dnajb1 in vivo at ser-149 or/and ser-151 and ser-171 in the c-terminal domain of hsp40/dnajb1. Mk5 modestly stimulates the atp hydrolyse activity of hsp40/hsp70 complex and enhances the repression of heat shock factor 1 driven transcription by hsp40/dnajb1." SIGNOR-203460 "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001086 18757303 t lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253282 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256895 NTN4 protein Q9HB63 UNIPROT UNC5A protein Q6ZN44 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12598531 t gcesareni "The unc5hs are axon guidance receptors that mediate netrin-1-dependent chemorepulsion, and dependence receptors that mediate netrin-1-independent apoptosis." SIGNOR-98483 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "Neogenin, a transmembranous protein, was re-ported to regulate bmp receptor association with lipid raft, where bmp induces canonical smad1/5/8 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-195567 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 BTO:0000452 11447225 t lperfetto "Upon exposure of cells to hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) phosphorylation of p53 was rapidly induced in human fibroblast gm00637, and this phosphorylation occurred on serine 9, serine 15, serine 20, but not on serine 392. In addition, h(2)o(2)-induced phosphorylation of p53 was followed by induction of p21, suggesting functional activation of p53. Ectopic expression of a plk3 dominant negative mutant, plk3(k52r), in gm00637 cells suppressed h(2)o(2)-induced serine 20 phosphorylation. Taken together, our studies strongly suggest that the oxidative stress-induced activation of p53 is at least in part mediated by plk3." SIGNOR-109239 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser455 HFGSTSSsPPISPAS 9606 BTO:0000007 16141410 t "In vitro and in vivo (HEK 293 cells) kinase assays with synthetic peptides and full-length myocardin demonstrated that myocardin was a primed GSK3beta substrate, with serines 455 to 467 and 624 to 636 being the major GSK3beta phosphorylation sites.  GSK3β phosphorylation at the sites identified inhibits myocardin intrinsic transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-251244 NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT LIF protein P15018 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003879 20383200 f Regulation miannu "Nodal induced LIF and Cripto-1 expressions through Smad2 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-251941 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EMD protein P50402 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr74 TRGDADMyDLPKKED 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887 19789182 t llicata "Src phosphorylated emerin specifically at y59, y74 and y95; interestingly y-to-f substitutions at identified src sites reduced recombinant emerin binding to endogenous baf" SIGNOR-188312 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT CBS protein P35520 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12427542 f miannu "We previously described essential transactivating roles for specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), and USF-1 in the regulation of the CBS-1b promoter." SIGNOR-254813 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004086 17420453 f "Overexpression of ERp5 promotes both in vitro migration and invasion and in vivo metastasis of breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-256534 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser102 EEGISQEsSEEEQ -1 2806554 t llicata "Sequence analysis of the native peptide (90-107) after treatment, which specifically converts phosphoserine residues to S-ethylcysteine, revealed that 70-80% of serine residues 102 and 103 were phosphorylated in vivo. Both residues were fully phosphorylated in vitro by incubation with casein kinase II. These results suggest that casein kinase II is involved in the regulation of HMG-I function in the cells." SIGNOR-250892 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 22972936 t "Thrombin acts on protease-activated receptors (PARs), a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that participate in a variety of biological process, including chemokine and cytokine release, tissue remodeling, inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis." gcesareni "The par1 receptor subtype is activated when the n terminus is proteolytically cleaved by the serine protease thrombin, resulting in an irreversible activation of the receptor. Thrombin activates platelets by binding and cleaving protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 (par1 and par4)." SIGNOR-199007 BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser465 HNPISSVs 9606 9136927 t lperfetto "Here, we report that BMP receptors phosphorylate and activate Smad1 directly. Phosphorylation of Smad1 in vivo involves serines in the carboxy-terminal motif SSXS. These residues are phosphorylated directly by a BMP type I receptor in vitro" SIGNOR-217989 CSRP3 protein P50461 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9234731 t 2 miannu "we found that nuclear MLP functions through a physical interaction with the muscle basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors MyoD, MRF4, and myogenin. we propose that it serves as a cofactor for the myogenic bHLH proteins by increasing their interaction with specific DNA regulatory elements." SIGNOR-241116 ASXL2 protein Q76L83 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21047783 t miannu "ASXL2, which does not bind HP1, promotes differentiation by binding to PPARγ and increasing the level of methylated H3K4, leading to the elevation of PPARγ activity. Our genome-wide analysis confirmed the physiological roles of ASXL1 and ASXL2 in adipogenesis at the molecular level, supporting the hypothesis that ASXL1 is an authentic corepressor of PPARγ, whereas ASXL2 is a PPARγ coactivator, and that together ASXL1 and ASXL2 fine-tune adipogenesis via differential regulation of PPARγ." SIGNOR-260063 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT REV1 protein Q9UBZ9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23287467 t miannu " Here, we show that human REV1 undergoes proteosomal degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase-promoting complex (APC). REV1 associates with APC. Overexpression of APC coactivator CDH1 or CDC20 promotes polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of REV1." SIGNOR-272892 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17620431 t miannu "The present study describes an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, multitargeted kinase inhibitor, pazopanib (GW786034), and the drug concentration requirement for maximal in vivo activity. Pazopanib is a low nanomolar inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-Kit tyrosine kinases. Pazopanib inhibition of a number of kinases outside of the VEGFR family was also determined. These included Abl1; Akt3; activin-like kinase 6; cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin A; cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A; c-fms; c-Kit; epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB2; ErbB4; EphB4; focal adhesion kinase; FGF receptors (FGFR) 1, 2, and 3; Flt-3; glycogen synthase kinase 3; insulin-like growth factor type I receptor; insulin receptor; interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase; c-jun NH2-terminal kinases 1, 2, and 3; lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (murine); Met; p38α; PDGFRα and PDGFRβ; protein kinase C-β1 and -β2; polo-like kinases 1 and 3; Ret; Src; Syk; Tie-2; and Wee1. All assays were conducted using purified, recombinantly expressed catalytic domains of the kinases." SIGNOR-259167 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12700180 t lperfetto "Noggin acts by binding bmps, thus preventing them from binding to their receptors (180). Noggin binds with various degrees of affinity bmp-2, -4, -5, -6, and -7, gdf-5, gdf-6, and vg1, but not other members of the tgf- family of peptides" SIGNOR-100660 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC13 protein Q99880 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265389 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine chemical CHEBI:83486 ChEBI TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0003207 25562513 t miannu "2',2'-Difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (dFdC, gemcitabine) is a cytidine analogue active against several solid tumor types, such as ovarian, pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancer. The compound has a complex mechanism of action. Because of the structural similarity of one metabolite of dFdC, dFdUMP, with the natural substrate for thymidylate synthase (TS) dUMP, we investigated whether dFdC and its deamination product 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (dFdU) would inhibit TS. This study was performed using two solid tumor cell lines: the human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 and its dFdC-resistant variant AG6000. The specific TS inhibitor Raltitrexed (RTX) was included as a positive control. Using the in situ TS activity assay measuring the intracellular conversion of [5-(3)H]-2'-deoxyuridine or [5-(3)H]-2'-deoxycytidine to dTMP and tritiated water, it was observed that dFdC and dFdU inhibited TS." SIGNOR-259351 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19754877 f miannu "Hsp105beta upregulates hsp70 gene expression through signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Hsp105beta induces Hsp70 expression markedly through the STAT3 pathway in heat-shocked cells. This may represent the mechanism that connects the heat shock protein and STAT families for cell defense against deleterious stress." SIGNOR-255240 HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11583623 t gcesareni "Here we report that a serine protease called htra2/omi is released from mitochondria and inhibits the function of xiap by direct binding in a similar way to diablo." SIGNOR-110834 NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT ATP1B1 protein P05026 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000318 9694812 f miannu "Together these data indicate that the 21-base pair sequence represents a true MRE/GRE and that optimal activation of the human Na/K-ATPase beta1 promoter is controlled by mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones. It appears that an interaction of MR with GR on the beta1 promoter effectively down-regulates transcription." SIGNOR-254865 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20551513 t gcesareni "Mechanistic analysis revealed that the tak1-mkk3/6-p38 mapk axis phosphory-lated runx2, promoting its association with the coac-tivator creb-binding protein (cbp), which is re-quired to regulate osteoblast genetic programs." SIGNOR-166170 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CD34 protein P28906 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 10989198 t lperfetto "Activation of the CD34 promoter by Sp1 requires the presence of a binding domain at -48 bp as well as the 5' untranslated region, which also binds Sp1" SIGNOR-241481 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258710 GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Furthermore, this work suggested that the g subunits released upon gi activation activated phospholipase c (plc- ) to produce inositol 3-phosphate (ip3), which would subsequently increase intracellular ca2+ abundance." SIGNOR-199135 PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 phosphorylation:Thr416 EANSRCQtPIKMKPN 23241245 t "Recruited NIPP1 enables the net phosphorylation of EZH2 by inhibiting its dephosphorylation by PP1." SIGNOR-255665 "alvocidib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:90998 ChEBI CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192480 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC1 protein Q96A08 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265393 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr859 WEVGFPStQTCMERG 9606 23273981 t llicata "Characterization of this site using phospho-specific antibodies and mutational analysis reveals that it is phosphorylated by atr and is required for binding of ctip to chromatin and subsequent processive resection." SIGNOR-200245 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser615 SYKIRFNsISCSDPL 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251622 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11689553 t irozzo "To identify this pathway, we analyzed TGF-β-responsive elements in the human c-myc promoter and found that Smad proteins directly bound to an element in the c-myc promoter and suppressed c-myc promoter activity." SIGNOR-256290 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr221 KDEILPTtPISEQKG 9606 19059439 t Manara "Here we show that PKCδ phosphorylates rpS3 resulting in its mobilization in the nucleus to repair damaged DNA" SIGNOR-260895 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser567 SLAWLSDsPLFDLIK 9606 20871633 t llicata "P38 bypasses the cell cycle-associated hierarchical phosphorylation and directly phosphorylates rb on ser567, which is not phosphorylated during the normal cell cycle. Phosphorylation by p38, but not cdks, triggers an interaction between rb and the human homolog of murine double minute 2 (hdm2), leading to degradation of rb, release of e2f1 and cell death." SIGNOR-168178 NME2 protein P22392 UNIPROT NME2 protein P22392 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser44 AMKFLRAsEEHLKQH 9606 BTO:0000093 8245015 t miannu "An acid-stable (nonhistidine) phosphorylation was identified on autophosphorylated purified recombinant Nm23 proteins and [32P]orthophosphate-labeled human breast carcinoma and murine melanoma Nm23. Phosphoamino acid analysis identified serine as the acid-stable phosphorylation and serine 44 as the major site of phosphorylation. The biological relevance of the novel phosphorylation identified herein is suggested by the direct correlation of in vivo Nm23 acid-stable phosphorylation levels, but not Nm23 NDPK activity, with suppression of tumor metastatic potential among control and nm23-1 transfected murine melanoma cells." SIGNOR-250201 ACVR2B protein Q13705 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 21966641 t areggio "It has been suggested that binding of myostatin to the ActRIIB results in the phosphorylation of two serine residues of Smad2 or Smad3 at COOH domains" SIGNOR-254984 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RFPL2 protein O75678 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271253 ATG12/5/16L1 complex SIGNOR-C109 SIGNOR Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 23321721 f lperfetto "Dissecting the role of the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex during autophagosome formation" SIGNOR-226702 MRPL20 protein Q9BYC9 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262373 MAD2L1BP protein Q15013 UNIPROT TRIP13 protein Q15645 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25092294 t miannu "We have indeed showed that TRIP13 action to disassemble the Cdc20–Mad2 complex requires the presence of p31comet (Fig. 3A). We furthermore found that the joint action of TRIP13 and p31comet is also required for the release of Mad2 from MCC, for the complete disassembly of MCC and for relieving APC/C from checkpoint inhibition (Figs. 3 and ​and4).4)." SIGNOR-265971 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1784 TPTSPNYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248790 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT ITGA11 protein Q9UKX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0001282 16300938 t lperfetto "We speculate that the ""mesenchymal signature"" of alpha11 integrin gene expression is controlled by the activity of Sp1/Sp3, fibroblast-specific combinations of Ets family members and yet unidentified enhancer-binding transcription factors." SIGNOR-253351 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Leu38 RSSKGRSlIGKVDGT -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263584 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT GAS6 protein Q14393 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268882 BFAR protein Q9NZS9 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000093 11733517 t gcesareni "We also demonstrate that the mitochondrial protein bar, which has been shown to simultaneously bind caspase-8 and bcl-2" SIGNOR-112585 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI Fatty_Acid_Biosynthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH190 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000759 24692351 f scontino "TH stimulates both lipolysis and lipogenesis, although the direct action is lipolysis with lipogenesis thought to be stimulated to restore fat stores. Fatty acids produced from TH-induced lipolysis are the substrate for the increase in thermogenesis." SIGNOR-267489 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CAV2 protein P51636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr27 SHHSGLEyADPEKFA 9606 15504032 t lperfetto "Here, we show that cav-2 is phosphorylated at both tyrosines 19 and 27. We reconstituted this phosphorylation event by recombinantly coexpressing c-src and cav-2.Further functional analysis revealed that tyrosine phosphorylation of cav-2 has no effect on its targeting to lipid rafts, but clearly disrupts the hetero-oligomerization of cav-2 with cav-1." SIGNOR-129961 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZNRF1 protein Q8ND25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270949 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19786833 t irozzo "Based on one of these publications, we here showed that the interaction of Dnmt3a with c-myc promote the specific methylation of CG dinucleotides localized in c-myc boxes of promoter regions of CDKN2a, CCND1 and TIMP2 genes. Acellular experiments corroborated and complemented these results by revealing that the specificity of consensus sequence for DNA methylation of Dnmt3a is increased in presence of c-myc." SIGNOR-255806 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1859 PPRIHRAsDPGLPAE 9606 BTO:0000007 23429703 t "Activation of mTORC1 led to the acute stimulation of metabolic flux through the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. mTORC1 signaling posttranslationally regulated this metabolic pathway via its downstream target ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which directly phosphorylates S1859 on CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase), the enzyme that catalyzes the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis." SIGNOR-267197 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 17341133 t gcesareni "Arkadia represses the expression of myoblast differentiation markers through degradation of ski and the ski-bound smad complex in c2c12 myoblastsarkadia bound smad2/3 via ski to induce the ubiquitination of smad2/3. These results suggest that arkadia targets ski-bound, inactive phospho-smad2/3 to regulate positively myostatin/tgf-beta signaling." SIGNOR-236876 KRN-633 chemical CID:9549295 PUBCHEM FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193582 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LAX1 protein Q8IWV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr193 SSEDSHDyVNVPTAE 9606 BTO:0000007 12359715 t miannu "Upon stimulation via the B or T cell receptors, LAX is rapidly phosphorylated by Src and Syk family tyrosine kinases and interacts with Grb2, Gads, and p85. " SIGNOR-273525 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT ACP5 protein P13686 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003292 11481336 f miannu "The combination of MITF and PU.1 synergistically activated the TRAP promoter in transient assays." SIGNOR-254584 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT TNC protein P24821 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000452 15001984 t Luana "Sp1 and Ets1 are potent transactivators of the TN-C promoter." SIGNOR-261600 MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr165 ISAQIGAtLARRLSF 9606 BTO:0000782 15743830 t gcesareni "Activation of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 involves relocation, autophosphorylation, and transphosphorylation by protein kinase d1." SIGNOR-134490 "SEC61 complex" complex SIGNOR-C368 SIGNOR SEC62 protein Q99442 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 33925740 t lperfetto "This is where allosteric effectors of the Sec61 complex (BiP together with Sec62/Sec63 complex or TRAP complex) (Figure 2 and Figure 5) and auxiliary membrane protein insertases (EMC and TMCO1 complex) join the game" SIGNOR-265275 RPLP0 protein P05388 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262451 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 10116 BTO:0002320 15367659 t lperfetto "We also demonstrate that protein kinase D (PKD), a downstream effector of PKC, directly phosphorylates HDAC5 and stimulates its nuclear export. | Finally, we assessed the ability of PKD to phosphorylate HDAC5 in cells by employing an antibody that specifically recognizes HDAC5 that has been phosphorylated at serine 259. HDAC5 was basally phosphorylated at serine 259, and phosphorylation at this site was dramatically increased by coexpression of constitutively active PKD S/E" SIGNOR-249268 MEFV protein O15553 UNIPROT "Pyrin inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C226 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256413 L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-267504 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 10795740 t "We found that TNF-R1-mediated IKK activation requires both RIP and TRAF2 proteins. Although TRAF2 or RIP can be independently recruited to the TNF-R1 complex, neither one of them alone is capable of transducing the TNF signal that leads to IKK activation" SIGNOR-256251 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257645 DTNA protein Q9Y4J8 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255989 ITGB8 protein P26012 UNIPROT "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253290 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1696 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248774 "Condensin I" complex SIGNOR-C341 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32445620 f miannu "Human Condensin I and II Drive Extensive ATP-Dependent Compaction of Nucleosome-Bound DNA. the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263907 triprolidine chemical CHEBI:84116 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 7925364 t miannu "The human H1-receptor cDNA was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) via an eukaryotic expression vector; the receptor protein present on cell membranes specifically bound [3H]mepyramine with a Kd of 3.7 nM. The binding was displaced by H1-histamine-receptor antagonists and histamine. Affinity of histamine and selected histamine antagonists for human H, receptors expressed in CHO cells (CHO H,-30) and a comparison with HI receptors found in guinea pig cerebellum." SIGNOR-258870 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28531279 f miannu "The activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages requires two stimuli. The first signal, called priming, is provided by an inflammatory stimulus such as TLRs and TNF-α receptor (TNFR) that leads to NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 expression and post-translational modifications of NLRP3" SIGNOR-260328 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10075662 t miannu "RANK activates NF-κB by interacting with TRAF6 via a novel TRAF6 interaction motif and TRAF6 potentially activates NIK, leading to NF-κB activation. TRAF6 has been demonstrated to interact with NIK." SIGNOR-253048 SPTA1 protein P02549 UNIPROT "Erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C384 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 24302288 t lperfetto "Spectrin is a large, cytoskeletal, and heterodimeric protein composed of modular structure of alpha and beta subunits, it typically contains 106 contiguous amino acid sequence motifs called “spectrin repeats”. Spectrin is crucial for maintaining the stability and structure of the cell membrane and the shape of a cell" SIGNOR-266025 ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI glycosphingolipid smallmolecule CHEBI:24402 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18184806 t miannu "Ceramide is a common precursor for both sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids, which are ubiquitous components of membranes in mammalian cells and play important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis" SIGNOR-268498 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT RGS19 protein P49795 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser24 ADRPPSMsSHDTASP -1 10760275 t llicata "Phosphorylation was Mn(2+)-dependent, using both purified CK2 and CCVs. Ser-24 was identified as one of the phosphorylation sites. Our results establish that GAIP is phosphorylated and that only the membrane pool is phosphorylated, suggesting that GAIP can be regulated by phosphorylation events taking place at the level of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles." SIGNOR-251033 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 KKSKISAsRKLQLKT 9606 15769444 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser 23/24 (e.g., by pka or pkg) results in reduction in myofilament ca2+ sensitivity and an increase in crossbridge cycling rate, leading to acceleration of relaxation and an increase in power output but a reduced economy of contraction. Conversely, phosphorylation at ser 43/45 (by pkc) is associated with reduced maximum ca2+-activated force and decreased crossbridge cycling rates, which are likely to reduce power output and delay relaxation, with an increased economy of contraction." SIGNOR-134617 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1626 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248736 HMGA2 protein P52926 UNIPROT CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14645522 f miannu "Transcriptional activation of the cyclin a gene by the architectural transcription factor hmga2" SIGNOR-119496 "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 19427217 t lperfetto "Under NuMA and HAUS6 codepletion conditions, NEDD1 levels on spindle microtubules remained low, suggesting that the suppression observed is not caused by more efficient localization of NEDD1 to spindle microtubules (Figure S9D). Taken together, our results suggest that HAUS and NuMA exert opposing activities necessary for robust bipolar spindle formation." SIGNOR-262331 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT CDT1 protein Q9H211 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10790373 t miannu " Biochemical studies showed that Skp2 interacts specifically with cyclin E and thereby promotes its ubiquitylation and degradation both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that specific degradation of cyclin E and p27(Kip1) is mediated by the SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligase complex, and that Skp2 may control chromosome replication and centrosome duplication by determining the abundance of cell cycle regulators. Skp2 was associated with Cul1, but not Cul3." SIGNOR-272565 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-262995 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT KCNC4 protein Q03721 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 SSYRGRKsGNKPPSK 9606 7993631 t gcesareni "We found that pkc specifically eliminates rapid inactivation of a cloned human a-type k+ channel (hkv3.4), converting this channel from a rapidly inactivating a type to a noninactivating delayed rectifier type." SIGNOR-35622 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser366 KTLPRSSsMAAGLER 9606 22137581 t lperfetto "Using this approach for ppp1r12c, baiap2, and cdc27, we found that mutation of a single serine to alanine (s452, s366, and s379 respectively) resulted in almost a complete loss of ampk phosphorylation in these proteins. Termination of irsp53 function is suggested to occur following cdc42 dissociation, kinase phosphorylation of t340 and t360, and subsequent 14-3-3 binding, which competes for sh3 partners, thus allowing filopodial retraction" SIGNOR-216608 CMTM6 protein Q9NX76 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" stabilization 9606 BTO_0002806 28813410 t Barakat "Furthermore, the observations that (i) CMTM6 affects PD-L1 protein stability at late time points after biosynthesis; (ii) CMTM6, CMTM4 and PD-L1 interact, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation; and that (iii) CMTM6 is largely located at the cell surface, collectively suggest a model in which CMTM6 interacts with PD-L1 at the tumour cell surface and thereby protects it from degradation" SIGNOR-274980 POLR1G protein O15446 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266155 EIF5A protein P63241 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 15371445 t miannu "eIF5A regulated p53 protein expression. Further analysis by reverse transcription PCR showed eIF5A-activated p53 transcription. The effect of eIF5A on p53 transcriptional activity was further demonstrated by the increasing expressions of p21 and Bax, well known target genes of p53." SIGNOR-266375 "HIRA complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C462 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 30285846 t miannu "H3.3 is an ancient and conserved H3 variant and plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation. HIRA complex, which is composed of HIRA, UBN1 or UBN2, and Cabin1, is a H3.3 specific chaperone complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the UBN1 or UBN2 subunit is mainly responsible for specific recognition and direct binding of H3.3 by the HIRA complex." SIGNOR-269440 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10790373 t miannu " Biochemical studies showed that Skp2 interacts specifically with cyclin E and thereby promotes its ubiquitylation and degradation both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that specific degradation of cyclin E and p27(Kip1) is mediated by the SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligase complex, and that Skp2 may control chromosome replication and centrosome duplication by determining the abundance of cell cycle regulators. Skp2 was associated with Cul1, but not Cul3." SIGNOR-272566 PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 BTO:0000938 7691597 t gcesareni "Endogenous pp60c-src kinase activity is enhanced in the rptp alpha-transfected cells, which may be due to direct dephosphorylation of the regulatory tyr residue at position 527 in pp60c-src by rptp alpha." SIGNOR-32014 FADS6 protein Q8N9I5 UNIPROT arachidonoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15514 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267914 EFL1 protein Q7Z2Z2 UNIPROT EIF6 protein P56537 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 21536732 f miannu "Human sbds is an essential cofactor for the efl1 gtpase, and together they cooperate to directly catalyze the release of eif6 from mammalian pre-60s ribosomal subunits" SIGNOR-173492 PKI-402 chemical CID:44187953 PUBCHEM PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206250 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18077326 f miannu "In binding to the beta-catenin c-terminal domain, fhit represses transcription of target genes such as cyclin d1, axin2, mmp-14, and survivin." SIGNOR-159870 CMTM4 protein Q8IZR5 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" stabilization 9606 BTO_0002806 28813410 t Barakat "Furthermore, the observations that (i) CMTM6 affects PD-L1 protein stability at late time points after biosynthesis; (ii) CMTM6, CMTM4 and PD-L1 interact, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation; and that (iii) CMTM6 is largely located at the cell surface, collectively suggest a model in which CMTM6 interacts with PD-L1 at the tumour cell surface and thereby protects it from degradation" SIGNOR-274981 CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11997436 t lperfetto "The experiments presented in this report illustrate that in response to fgf stimulation, cbl is recruited by grb2 binding to the frs2_ multiprotein complex, resulting in ubiquitination of frs2_ and fgfr. grb2 functions as a link between frs2_ and cbl;grb2 is bound to tyrosine-phosphorylated frs2_ by means of its sh2 domain and to a proline-rich region in the c terminus of cbl by means of its sh3 domains." SIGNOR-87166 CDH8 protein P55286 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 17938208 t gianni "CHD8 binds to histone H3 di- and trimethylated on lysine 4. It resides on the human U6 promoter as well as the mRNA IRF3 promoter in vivo and contributes to efficient transcription from both these promoters" SIGNOR-266898 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP 9606 BTO:0000007 10973490 t gcesareni "Here we show that in vitro, atm phosphorylates the ser-gln/thr-gln (sq/tq) cluster domain (scd) on chk2, which contains seven sq/tq motifs, and thr68 is the major in vitro phosphorylation site by atm. Atm predominantly phosphorylates chk2 at thr68, promoting homodimerization and activation via intramolecular trans-autophosphorylation at thr383/387." SIGNOR-81438 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "CGB Family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF108 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086;BTO:0005511 15983365 f miannu "Transfection of NANOG-specific small interfering RNAs reduced levels of NANOG transcript and protein and induced activation of the extraembryonic endoderm-associated genes GATA4, GATA6, LAMININ B1, and AFP as well as upregulation of trophectoderm-associated genes CDX2, GATA2, hCG-alpha, and hCG-beta." SIGNOR-254624 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1738 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120208 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 15870696 f miannu "Valproate (VPA) induces silencing of the ERalpha, cyclin D1 and pS2 promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrates that VPA induces recruitment of the 5-MeCpG binding protein MeCP2 to the ERalpha A promoter and also to the pS2 and cyclin D1 promoters" SIGNOR-254571 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT MAPRE3 protein Q9UPY8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser176 MQTSGRLsNVAPPCI 9606 19696028 t llicata "Aurora-a and aurora-b phosphorylate eb3 at ser-176 in a spatial and cell cycle-specific manner, respectively during mitosis two kinases, aurora-a and aurora-b, phosphorylate eb3 at ser-176, and the resulting phosphorylation disrupts the eb3-siah-1 complex. Indeed, eb3 is stabilized during mitosis and facilitates cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-187657 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser164 GLAKSFGsPNRAYTH -1 11113184 t lperfetto "Activating phosphorylation of CDK7 by CDC2 and CDK2. The ability of pure CDK2-cyclin A to activate CDK7 in T170-dependent fashion (Fig. ​(Fig.3C,3C, lane 2) strongly suggested a direct phosphorylation mechanism. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping confirmed that both CDK2-cyclin A (Fig. ​(Fig.4A)4A) and CDC2-cyclin B (Fig. ​(Fig.4D)4D) phosphorylated CDK7 on both S164 and T170." SIGNOR-270807 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr359 DTEFTSRtPKDSPGI 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252745 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr419 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 BTO:0000007 11007774 t gcesareni "Incubation of the inactivated c-Src with PTP1B results in a dose-dependent reactivation of c-Src tyrosine kinase activity. Incubation of c-Src with 2 or 10 g of PTP1B results in partial or full restoration of c-Src kinase activity, respectively. The activation is accompanied by dephosphorylation of c-Src, both of Tyr-419 and of Tyr-530" SIGNOR-245299 ACD protein Q96AP0 UNIPROT RPA1 protein P27694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C306 18680434 t lperfetto "The current model for how telomeres repress ATR signaling proposes that POT1/TPP1 prevents the binding of RPA to the single-stranded telomeric DNA" SIGNOR-263328 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CDT1 protein Q9H211 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 10790373 t miannu " Biochemical studies showed that Skp2 interacts specifically with cyclin E and thereby promotes its ubiquitylation and degradation both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that specific degradation of cyclin E and p27(Kip1) is mediated by the SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligase complex, and that Skp2 may control chromosome replication and centrosome duplication by determining the abundance of cell cycle regulators. Skp2 was associated with Cul1, but not Cul3." SIGNOR-272568 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10224115 t "G protein alpha subunits Gi1alpha, Gsalpha, and Goalpha are shown to activate the GTPase activity of tubulin, inhibit microtubule assembly, and accelerate microtubule dynamics." SIGNOR-256539 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18612045 f areggio "Consistent with these findings, DEX-induced upregulation of MuRF1 is significantly attenuated in mice expressing a homodimerization-deficient GR despite no effect on the degree of muscle loss in these mice vs. their wild-type counterparts. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that both GR and FOXO1 bind to the endogenous MuRF1 promoter in C(2)C(12) myotubes, and IGF-I inhibition of DEX-induced MuRF1 expression correlates with the loss of FOXO1 binding." SIGNOR-254992 PBX4 protein Q9BYU1 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265806 EGF protein P01133 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11279155 t tpavlidou "To better understand the role of the egfr tyrosine kinase, we analyzed signaling by a kinase-inactive egfr (k721m) in erbb-devoid 32d cells. K721m alone exhibited no detectable signaling capacity, whereas coexpression of k721m with erbb2, but not erbb3 or erbb4, resulted in egf-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) activation. The kinase activity, but not tyrosine phosphorylation, of erbb2 was required for egf-induced mapk activation." SIGNOR-106497 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser688 RLFVENDsPSDGGTP 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104687 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 7541045 t lperfetto "In our present work, we show that both IRS-1 and SHC interact directly with the juxtamembrane region of the IGFIR in a phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. |We propose a model in which IGFIR autophosphorylation of Tyr-950 forms a direct binding site for the amino-terminal receptor binding domains of SHC and IRS-1. This interaction is presumed to facilitate tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC on Tyr-317 leading to GRB2/SOS interaction" SIGNOR-262587 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser225 ARLGSQHsPGRTASL 9606 21419341 t gcesareni "We show that erk colocalizes with the wrc at lamellipodial leading edges and directly phosphorylates two wrc components: wave2 and abi1." SIGNOR-172881 STRN protein O43815 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 29802198 t miannu "The striatin family proteins interact with the structural (A) and catalytic (C) subunits of the protein phosphatase, PP2A, and are also termed the B‴ family of PP2A subunits (4). Within heterotrimeric PP2A complexes, striatins function as one of many regulatory B subunits thought to be responsible for substrate selection and localization of PP2A isoforms" SIGNOR-261698 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GTF2A1L protein Q9UNN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser418 VEEDPLNsGDDVSEQ -1 12107178 t llicata "ALF was able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA, but it could not stabilize TBP mutants A184E, N189E, E191R, and R205E nor could it facilitate binding of the TBP-like factor TRF2/TLF to a consensus TATA element. However, phosphorylation of ALF with casein kinase II resulted in the partial restoration of complex formation using mutant TBPs. | Because the residues involved (Ser-280, Ser-281, Ser-316, and Ser-321) are conserved in ALF (Ser-356, Ser-357, Ser-418, and Ser-423), we tested whether its activity might also be affected by this modification. We first showed that ALF and TFIIAα/β polypeptides incubated with casein kinase II and [γ-32P]ATP could be labeled." SIGNOR-250872 RHOBTB1 protein O94844 UNIPROT PDE5A protein O76074 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30896450 t miannu "RhoBTB1 augmented the cGMP response to nitric oxide by restraining the activity of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) by acting as a substrate adaptor delivering PDE5 to the Cullin-3 E3 Ring ubiquitin ligase complex for ubiquitination inhibiting PDE5." SIGNOR-272312 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT HK1 protein P19367 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16892082 t gcesareni "The glucose dependence of the antiapoptotic effects of growth factors and akt plus a strong correlation between akt-regulated mitochondrial hexokinase association and apoptotic susceptibility suggest a major role for hexokinases in these effects." SIGNOR-252495 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1217 LNNQLFLyDTHQNLR 9606 11507089 t lperfetto "These findings indicate that the phosphorylations of the tyrosine residues 753, 759, 1197, and 1217, which have been identified as btk-dependent phosphorylation sites in vitro, coordinately contribute to bcr-induced activation of plcgamma2." SIGNOR-109750 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr145 PVEDDADyEPPPSND 9606 12817019 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of slp-76 is required for prolonged erk activation in response to sdf-1_ cr signal transduction results in slp-76 tyrosine phosphorylation at the amino-terminal tyrosines 113, 128, and 145 via a mechanism requiring the zap-70 tyrosine kinase." SIGNOR-102515 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 TFRPRSSsNASSVST 10090 10217147 t "Here we show that protein kinase B phosphorylates AFX, a human orthologue of daf -16 (refs 5, 6, 9), both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-252862 IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 24737791 t milica "In lymphocytes, binding of il-15 to the il-2/15rbg heterodimer induces jak1 activation that subsequently phosphorylates stat3 via the b-chain and jak3/stat5 activation via its g-chain" SIGNOR-204972 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 12746313 t scontino "Human type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the conversion of T(4) to rT(3) and of T(3) to 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (T2) by inner-ring deiodination. Like types I and II iodothyronine deiodinases, D3 protein contains selenocysteine (SeC) in the highly conserved core catalytic center at amino acid position 144." SIGNOR-266946 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Pro40 GDRVYIHpFHLVIHN -1 11815627 t miannu "The ACE2 hydrolytic activity is dependent on the C terminus sequence of the substrate, which is evident from the data with the angiotensin peptides. After 2 h, ACE2 hydrolyzes Ang I partially and Ang II completely, although there is no hydrolysis of angiotensin 1–9, angiotensin 1–7, and angiotensin 1–5, which possess the same N terminus." SIGNOR-256315 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257123 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 11842088 f lperfetto "In addition, immunoblot and immunostaining analysis revealed that phosphorylation of erk was increased by treatment with sb203580;whereas pd98059 increased the phosphorylation of p38, which implies a seesaw-like balance between erk and p38 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-244665 PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg70 ESGLTEYrLVSINKS -1 10978167 t lperfetto "Plasmin mediates the lysis of fibrin clots and could in different studies activate platelets or inhibit the responses induced by thrombin (41-43). Our study favors a net inactivating effect on PAR1 despite minor cleavage at Arg41, on the basis of preferential cleavage at positions Arg70 and Lys76, COOH-terminal to the Arg41-Ser42 activation site." SIGNOR-263572 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT ABCG8 protein Q9H221 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000398 21123766 f miannu "these results indicate that HMG-CoAR inhibition with atorvastatin stimulates intestinal expression of NPC1L1 and PCSK9, increases cholesterol absorption, and reduces ABCG5/8 expression; these effects are mediated most likely by stimulation of the transcription factors SREBP-2 and HNF-4α." SIGNOR-254458 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser333 KGLVSPQsPQKSDCQ 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 9649500 t gcesareni "Here we show that antigen receptor activation leads to bcl-6 phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). Phosphorylation, in turn, targets bcl-6 for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-58489 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189990 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24011072 f miannu "To assess whether Stat3 affects C/EBPŒ¥ expression, we co-transfected C2C12 myoblasts with a plasmid expressing a C/EBPŒ¥promoter-driven luciferase plus a lentivirus expressing the constitutively active Stat3C-GFP. Overexpression of Stat3C increased C/EBPŒ¥promoter activity compared to that in lentivirus expressing GFP control" SIGNOR-255333 GUCY1B2 protein O75343 UNIPROT GUCY1A2-B2 complex SIGNOR-C137 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "This enzyme is a heterodimeric protein consisting of - and ²-subunits, and expression of both subunits is required for catalytic activity" SIGNOR-243974 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT GP6 protein Q9HCN6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12377757 f miannu "We have determined that the GP6 sequence -191 to -39 represents the core promoter and that transcription is driven largely by GATA-1 (-176) and c-Ets-1 (-45) sites within this segment." SIGNOR-254082 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser19 KGFRRAVsELDAKQA 9606 BTO:0000142 1680128 t llicata "This increase in ser19 phosphorylation was associated with enhanced th activity and was due, in part, to glutamate-receptor-mediated calcium influx and possibly calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii (camkii) activation." SIGNOR-20912 TSHR protein P16473 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25878058 t scontino "The primary signal transduction pathway for TSH receptor is activation of adenylate cyclase via a Gαs G protein-coupled receptor." SIGNOR-267136 CEP135 protein Q66GS9 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 27477386 t miannu "Here, we analyzed in detail the microtubule-binding activity of human CEP135 (HsCEP135).  Biochemical, cryo-electron, and fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed that in vitro HsCEP135-N interacts with tubulin, protofilaments, and microtubules and induces the formation of microtubule bundles" SIGNOR-269678 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 8276865 t gcesareni "Lpa activates its own g protein-coupled receptor(s) leading to stimulation of phospholipase c and inhibition of adenylate cyclase." SIGNOR-37368 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23430109 t lperfetto "AP24534 also inhibited SRC (IC50: 5.4 nM) and members of the VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR families of receptor tyrosine kinases (Table 1 and Table S1)" SIGNOR-261985 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT AKR1C4 protein P17516 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003846 2044952 f 2 miannu "Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4_/_, HNF-1_, and vHNF-1 regulate the cell-specific expression of the human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD)4/AKR1C4 gene. HNF-4_ is a necessary factor for the activation of the human DD4 gene. is much higher than that of vHNF-1-C." SIGNOR-240016 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT CHI3L1 protein P36222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20508200 f lperfetto "Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it induces the expression of its target genes, including markers (Arg1, Chi3l3, Mrc1, Mgl1, and Retnla) and regulators (Pparalpha, Ppargamma and PGC-1?) of alternative activation." SIGNOR-249537 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 18316399 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Together, these results suggest that B-Cat increases MyoD binding to E box elements" SIGNOR-255653 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:27978 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "Following release, 5-HT receptor activation and reuptake by 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), serotonin is degraded by MAO (monoamine oxidase) and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) into 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA)." SIGNOR-264188 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253477 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser738 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 9606 10197446 t llicata "These results provide direct evidence that pkd becomes activated in vivo as a consequence of pkc-mediated phosphorylation of serines 744 and 748." SIGNOR-66666 MRAP2 protein Q96G30 UNIPROT MC2R protein Q01718 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling.We have previously identified MRAP as an accessory protein for MC2R, required for receptor trafficking to the cell surface and the formation of a functional MC2R. Here we have identified MRAP2 as a homologue of MRAP. Like MRAP, MRAP2 is able to support MC2R cell-surface expression, producing a functional ACTH-responsive receptor." SIGNOR-252361 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser540 HVSEDSSsPERTSPP 9606 SIGNOR-C17 19107194 t gcesareni "We identified cyclinb/cdk1 as a cell cycle-dependent kinase that forms a complex with and phosphorylates sirt1. Mutation of two residues phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdk1 (threonine 530 and serine 540) disturbs normal cell cycle progression and fails to rescue proliferation defects in sirt1-deficient cells" SIGNOR-182863 CPSF2 protein Q9P2I0 UNIPROT "CPSF complex" complex SIGNOR-C53 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19224921 t lperfetto "The CPSF complex consists of five subunits, named CPSF160, CPSF100, Fip1, CPSF73, and CPSF30." SIGNOR-268335 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT SMAD3/JUN complex SIGNOR-C86 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9732876 t gcesareni "These results show a ligand-dependent association of smad3 with c-jun" SIGNOR-59867 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161605 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR AMOTL1 protein Q8IY63 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser793 SSLRPARsVPSIAAA 9606 BTO:0000007 25373897 t miannu "we show that AMPK directly phosphorylates S793 of AMOTL1. AMPK activation stabilizes and increases AMOTL1 steady-state protein levels, contributing to YAP inhibition." SIGNOR-263105 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser483 IRRPRNYsVGSRPLK 9606 BTO:0000562 23457334 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent activation of the heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (pfkfb2) isoenzyme by amino acids." SIGNOR-252528 GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257308 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9606 BTO:0000007 10942774 t lperfetto "Mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent phosphorylation of phas-i in four (s/t)p sites detected by phospho-specific antibodies." SIGNOR-236702 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1609 LGPYEAVtPLTKAAD -1 24703952 t lperfetto "Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |phosphorylation of T1609 is likely to be mediated by p38 MAPK" SIGNOR-264445 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser287 SMSSCGSsGYFSSSP 9606 22017876 t llicata "Deptor is phosphorylated by s6k1 and rsk1 on the degron serine residues upon serum stimulation s6k1/rsk1 and _trcp are required for ubiquitination and degradation of endogenous deptor upon mitogen stimulation." SIGNOR-176862 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24280869 f miannu "HOXA9 is significantly upregulated in both categories of DNMT3A modifications and this has been associated with poor prognosis in AML before (Figure 3d). In fact, almost the entire HOXA and HOXB cluster were significantly upregulated in AML samples with either epimutation or mutation in DNMT3A." SIGNOR-256128 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003432 10217414 t lperfetto "Interleukin-1 (il-1) stimulates the association of the il-1 receptor-associated protein kinase (irak) with the heterodimer of il-iri and il-iracp via the adapter protein myd88." SIGNOR-67140 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 BTO:0001264 24493753 f miannu "The effects of β-oestradiol (E2), the biologically active form of oestrogen, are classically mediated by two types of oestrogen receptor (ER): ERα and ERβ. E2 has both non-genomic and genomic effects upon VGSC expression/activity; and (ii) transcriptionally, E2 (via ERα) downregulates functional VGSC (nNav1.5) expression in BCa cells." SIGNOR-253467 COLGALT2 protein Q8IYK4 UNIPROT COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation -1 19075007 t "Recombinant GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 enzymes showed a strong galactosyltransferase activity toward various types of collagen and toward the serum mannose-binding lectin MBL, which contains a collagen domain. Amino acid analysis of the products of GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 reactions confirmed the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine residues." SIGNOR-261157 PPME1 protein Q9Y570 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Leu309 RRTPDYFl -1 18394995 t lperfetto "Methylation of the carboxy-terminal Leu309 in a conserved TPDYFL309 motif of the C subunit has been shown to enhance the affinity of the PP2A core enzyme for some, but not all, regulatory subunits |Demethylation and negative regulation of PP2A is mediated by a PP2A-specific methylesterase PME-1, which is conserved from yeast to humans." SIGNOR-265750 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser459 TSSSPPIsPASSDLS 9606 BTO:0000007 16141410 t "In vitro and in vivo (HEK 293 cells) kinase assays with synthetic peptides and full-length myocardin demonstrated that myocardin was a primed GSK3beta substrate, with serines 455 to 467 and 624 to 636 being the major GSK3beta phosphorylation sites.  GSK3β phosphorylation at the sites identified inhibits myocardin intrinsic transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-251243 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation 9606 SIGNOR-C6 16382138 t gcesareni "Rela is also acetylated at several sites by p300 and cbp" SIGNOR-143399 VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 10747851 t miannu "Recent evidence indicates that SOCS1 interacts with elongins B and C, which are components of a ubiquitin ligase complex, VCB (VHL/elonginC/B), based on the VHL (von Hippel Lindau) tumor suppressor protein." SIGNOR-272563 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18957298 t miannu "Adenosine is an endogenous inhibitor of excitatory synaptic transmission with potent anticonvulsant properties in the mammalian brain. Given adenosine's important role in modulating synaptic transmission, several mechanisms exist to regulate its extracellular availability. One of these is the intracellular enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK), which phosphorylates adenosine to AMP." SIGNOR-265465 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser177 ASSGSSAsFISDTFS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252325 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser326 PPKMWKTsPDPSPVS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252335 DAGLB protein Q8NCG7 UNIPROT "episterol ester" smallmolecule CHEBI:52393 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26787883 t miannu "Diacylglycerol lipases (DAGLŒ± and DAGLŒ≤) convert diacylglycerol to the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol." SIGNOR-264265 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001546 26690702 t gcesareni "Wnt5a induces ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization to enhance leukemia chemotaxis and proliferation|Evolutionarily conserved receptor tyrosine kinase–like orphan receptor-1 and -2 (ROR1/2) are considered distinct receptors for Wnt5a and are implicated in noncanonical Wnt signaling in organogenesis and cancer metastasis." SIGNOR-199647 MLST8 protein Q9BVC4 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205609 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11557984 t "CREB was found to induce expression of the gluconeogenic programme through the nuclear receptor coactivator PGC-1, which is shown here to be a direct target for CREB regulation in vivo" SIGNOR-256150 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 19279133 t flangone "Here, we show that Smad2/3, the downstream effectors of Activin/Nodal signalling, bind and directly control the activity of the Nanog gene in hESCs." SIGNOR-242049 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT TRIP6 protein Q15654 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr55 PLPSEQCyQAPGGPE 10090 BTO:0002572 17591779 t "PTPL1/FAP-1 negatively regulates TRIP6 function in lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell migration.|Here we further demonstrate that a switch from c-Src-mediated phosphorylation to PTPL1/Fas-associated phosphatase-1-dependent dephosphorylation serves as an inhibitory feedback control mechanism of TRIP6 function in LPA-induced cell migration. PTPL1 dephosphorylates phosphotyrosine 55 of TRIP6 in vitro and inhibits LPA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of TRIP6 in cells." SIGNOR-248713 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser284 RRDYDDMsPRRGPPP 9606 16564677 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylation drives cytoplasmic accumulation of hnrnp-k and inhibition of mrna translation mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (mapk/erk) efficiently phosphorylates hnrnp-k both in vitro and in vivo at serines 284 and 353." SIGNOR-145375 PPP2R2B protein Q00005 UNIPROT PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C133 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243507 GNB/GNG complex SIGNOR-C202 SIGNOR PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates 23994464 t apalma "Similar to PLCβ activation, PI3K-activation by neutrophil GPCRs also occurs primarily through Gβγ subunits, through the unique PI3Kγ isoform which is directly activated by Gβγ dimers" SIGNOR-255010 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT CYP27A1 protein Q02318 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11867220 f miannu "Therefore, Sp1, Sp3 and HNF4 co-operate in the expression of the human CYP27 gene in HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-255197 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 9606 SIGNOR-C83 10428798 t gcesareni "Within er af-1, serines 104, 106, and 118 represent potential cdk phosphorylation sites, and in this current study, we ascertain their importance in mediating cyclin a-cdk2-dependent enhancement of er transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-69718 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15109499 t "Constitutively active Foxo3 acts on the atrogin-1 promoter to cause atrogin-1 transcription and dramatic atrophy of myotubes and muscle fibers" SIGNOR-252929 GMIP protein Q9P107 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260506 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT "Skp1-Pam E3" complex SIGNOR-C537 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24992930 t miannu "Fbxo45 interacts with Par-4 in the cytoplasm and mediates its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Fbxo45 silencing results in stabilization of Par-4 with increased apoptosis.Fbxo45 forms an atypical ubiquitin ligase complex that contains Skp1 and the Ring-finger protein PAM (protein-associated with myc) also known as MYCBP2 (myc-binding protein 2)." SIGNOR-272225 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT FANCE protein Q9HB96 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr346 LGLLRLCtWLLALSP 9606 17296736 t llicata "Chk1 directly phosphorylates the fance subunit of the fa core complex on two conserved sites (threonine 346 and serine 374). chk1-mediated phosphorylation of fance is required for the fanconi anemia/brca pathway." SIGNOR-153027 ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 22863277 t milica "To further explore the role of camp signaling in the hippo pathway, we treated cells with forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase that results in cAMP production." SIGNOR-198486 BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr58 KKFELLPtPPLSPSR 9606 32482868 t lperfetto "We report that BRD4 phosphorylates MYC at Thr58, leading to MYC ubiquitination and degradation, thereby regulating MYC target genes." SIGNOR-262046 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT SLC4A4 protein Q9Y6R1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000988 21317537 t lperfetto "WNK kinases acted as scaffolds to recruit SPAK, which phosphorylated CFTR and NBCe1-B, reducing their cell surface expression. IRBIT opposed the effects of WNKs and SPAK by recruiting PP1 to the complex to dephosphorylate CFTR and NBCe1-B, restoring their cell surface expression," SIGNOR-264644 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser872 HQRCLAHsLVGTPNY 9606 21808241 t gcesareni "Activation of mst1/2 leads to phosphorylation and activation of their direct substrates, lats1/2." SIGNOR-175797 UVRAG protein Q9P2Y5 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex II" complex SIGNOR-C241 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30397185 t lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260322 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser286 SSMSSCGsSGYFSSS 9606 22017877 t lperfetto "We found that deptor was rapidly phosphorylated on three serines in a conserved degron, facilitating binding and ubiquitylation by the f box protein _trcp, with consequent proteasomal degradation of deptor. Phosphorylation of the _trcp degron in deptor is executed by ck1" SIGNOR-176883 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004850 14594802 f miannu "We find that LEF-1 and CBFalpha co-activate ELA2 expression." SIGNOR-254552 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR EIF1 protein P41567 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" stabilization 9606 17581632 t lperfetto "EIF3 plays many functions in initiation complex formation. It interacts with eIF1, eIF5, eIF4B and eIF4G, and the direct interaction between eIF3 and eIF4G may serve as a bridge between the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF4F-bound mRNA (Hershey and Merrick, 2000). eIF3 stabilizes the binding of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex to the 40S subunit" SIGNOR-269152 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 25280219 t "FLT3-ITD kinase may regulate c-MYC through STAT5-induced enhancement of PIM kinases (Choudhary et al., 2009), which can modulate c-MYC stability and activity via phosphorylation (van der Lugt et al., 1995s). This is supported by the observation that FLT3-ITD CD34+ cells showed higher PIM activity compared to cells expressing FLT3-WT, indicated by increased expression of the PIM targets including p-BAD (Ser112), p-4EBP1 (Thr37/46), and p-c-MYC (Ser62) (Figure 6C); and by the observation that siRNA-mediated inhibition of PIM1, but not PIM2, expression resulted in significantly decreased p-c-MYC (Ser62), c-MYC, and SIRT1 expression in MV4-11 cells" SIGNOR-261557 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 10790373 t miannu " Biochemical studies showed that Skp2 interacts specifically with cyclin E and thereby promotes its ubiquitylation and degradation both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that specific degradation of cyclin E and p27(Kip1) is mediated by the SCF(Skp2) ubiquitin ligase complex, and that Skp2 may control chromosome replication and centrosome duplication by determining the abundance of cell cycle regulators. Skp2 was associated with Cul1, but not Cul3." SIGNOR-272569 STK24 protein Q9Y6E0 UNIPROT STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 DWVFINYtYKRFEGL 9606 BTO:0000007 16314523 t lperfetto "Ndr1/ndr2 protein kinase is activated by phosphorylation on the activation loop phosphorylation site ser281/ser282 and the hydrophobic motif phosphorylation site thr444/thr442. Autophosphorylation of ndr is responsible for phosphorylation on ser281/ser282, whereas thr444/thr442 is targeted by an upstream kinase. Here we show that mst3, a mammalian ste20-like protein kinase, is able to phosphorylate ndr protein kinase at thr444/thr442. In vitro, mst3 selectively phosphorylated thr442 of ndr2, resulting in a 10-fold stimulation of ndr activity." SIGNOR-142467 TNFSF14 protein O43557 UNIPROT TNFRSF14 protein Q92956 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000763 10894944 t gcesareni "A member of the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) superfamily, human tnfsf14 (htnfsf14)/hvem-l (herpes virus entry mediator ligand) was isolated as a cellular ligand for hvem/tr2 and human lymphotoxin beta receptor (ltbetar). Tnfsf14 induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor formation" SIGNOR-79328 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 DFPKKPLtPYFRFFM 9606 11741541 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 was found to phosphorylate the architectural transcription factor ubf at amino acids 117 and 201 within hmg boxes 1 and 2, preventing their interaction with dna" SIGNOR-112805 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257744 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CYTH1 protein Q15438 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser394 ARKKKVSsTKRH 9606 BTO:0001948 11438522 t lperfetto "We show here that a serine/threonine motif within the short polybasic stretch of cytohesin-1 is phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C delta in vitro. Furthermore, the respective residues are also found to be phosphorylated after phorbol ester stimulation in vivo. Biochemical and functional analyses show that phosphorylated cytohesin-1 is able to tightly associate with the actin cytoskeleton, and we further demonstrate that phosphorylation of the protein is required for maximal leukocyte function antigen-1-mediated adhesion of Jurkat cells to intercellular adhesion molecule 1. " SIGNOR-249098 MCF2L protein O15068 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260560 IL13RA1 protein P78552 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 12704343 t milica "IL-4R, ?c, and IL-13R1 All contain proline-rich box-1 regions that bind jak1, jak3, and tyk2, respectivelyil-4 uses the type ii receptor, and IL-13R1 Binds tyk2. Il-13 results in activation of jak1 and tyk2 in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-100756 BMP1 protein P13497 UNIPROT COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9534 BTO:0000298 11283002 t miannu "BMP-1myc Expressed in COS-7 Cells Exhibits Procollagen C-proteinase Activity. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-1, which belongs to the tolloid subgroup of astacin-like zinc metalloproteinases, cleaves the C-propeptides of procollagen at the physiologic site and is, therefore, a procollagen C-proteinase (PCP). Cleavage occurs between a specific alanine or glycine residue (depending on the procollagen chain) and an invariant aspartic acid residue in each of the three chains of procollagen." SIGNOR-256342 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23729744 t apalma "The released NICD translocates directly to the nucleus, where it forms a transcriptional complex with the DNA-binding protein CSL (CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, Lag1), Mastermind (Mam) and transcriptional co-activators to drive the expression of Notch target genes" SIGNOR-255378 LHX4 protein Q969G2 UNIPROT POU1F1 protein P28069 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10029 BTO:0000246 15998782 t Luana "We show that normal LHX4 binds to a human-specific element and subsequently activates transcription from the proximal upstream regulatory sequence of POUIF1, a gene encoding a POU homeodomain transcription factor known as the main regulator of GH expression." SIGNOR-266056 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner." SIGNOR-175213 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8182090 f gcesareni "Tgf-beta stimulates transcription of the human alpha 2(i) collagen gene (col1a2) promoter by increasing the affinity of an sp1-containing protein complex for its cognate dna-binding site" SIGNOR-36783 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr411 RVIEDNEyTAREGAK 9606 BTO:0000007 10934191 t "Hck transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293T cells was found to be phosphorylated at Tyr-29 and Tyr-388, proving that Hck can also undergo autophosphorylation at both sites in vivo. autophosphorylation of Tyr-29 contributes significantly to the activation of Hck." SIGNOR-251266 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT MAPKAPK3 protein Q16644 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002814 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253807 NEDD9 protein Q14511 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16184168 t miannu "HEF1 interacts with AurA and is required for the activation of AurA kinase. Together, these data suggest a model in which an initial interaction of HEF1 with AurA prior to mitotic entry activates AurA, which then phosphorylates HEF1, promoting dissociation of the two proteins." SIGNOR-262653 LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0000664 21821001 f miannu "Our study also showed that a number of K562 cells survived despite the apoptotic stimuli. Within these surviving cells, galectin-3 was upregulated through newly synthesized protein. Notably, inducible galectin-3, which stabilized the pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2, was essential for anti-apoptosis. Unpredictably, GSK-3β was critical for inducible galectin-3 expression as well as for cell survival. As summarized in Fig. 4C, we not only found inducible galectin-3 has an anti-apoptotic effect, but we also identified a GSK-3β-regulated mechanism for apoptotic resistance in K562 cells." SIGNOR-261907 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR ARHGAP17 protein Q68EM7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser702 LSAPRRYsSSLSPIQ 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "Screening for potential mediators of this effect resulted in the identification of the Rac1-specific GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP17 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF6 as new PKA and PKG substrates in platelets. We mapped the PKA/PKG phosphorylation sites to serine 702 on ARHGAP17 using Phos-tag gels and to serine 684 on ARHGEF6. |ARHGAP17 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein of Rac1 and is bound to the SH3 domain of CIP4 via its SH3 binding region in resting platelets. Endothelial PGI2 stimulates the activation of PKA and leads to the phosphorylation of Ser-702 in ARHGAP17, which results in the dissociation of the ARHGAP17-CIP4 complex." SIGNOR-272157 BMS-554417 chemical CID:54754526 PUBCHEM IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190455 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT MYL12A protein P19105 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr18 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 BTO:0000567 11485996 t miannu "DAPK Phosphorylates Myosin II RLC in Vitro and in Vivo. Together these results show that similar to the conventional MLCKs, Ser-19 is the primary RLC residue phosphorylated by DAPK and that phosphorylation of Thr-18 is also possible." SIGNOR-262843 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 15342917 t lperfetto "The mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-activated kinase, p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) 1, was found to interact with and phosphorylate tuberin at a regulatory site, ser-1798, located at the evolutionarily conserved c terminus of tuberin. Rsk1 phosphorylation of ser-1798 inhibits the tumor suppressor function of the tuberin/hamartin complex, resulting in increased mtor signaling to s6k1" SIGNOR-256311 GABRA6 protein Q16445 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263768 RIT1 protein Q92963 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 23791108 t "It is possible that RIT1 interacts with RAF1 and that gain-of-function mutations in RIT1 and RAF1 exert similar effects in heart development." SIGNOR-251650 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CCNF protein P41002 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser577 TKRKRENsLQEDRGS 9606 BTO:0001938 28954236 t miannu "AKT phosphorylation of cyclin F enhances its stability and promotes assembly into productive E3 ligase complexes." SIGNOR-266361 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254942 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 32603820 t miannu "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a critical molecule for learning and memory. Brain BDNF levels correlate with cognitive status. Activation of CREB facilitates the transcription of crucial proteins for activity-dependent plasticity particularly BDNF." SIGNOR-265062 COA3 protein Q9Y2R0 UNIPROT "MITRAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C538 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23260140 t "By analyzing MITRAC12 interaction partners, we show that recently identified assembly factors, such as c12orf62, CMC1, and the novel assembly factor MITRAC15, are constituents of MITRAC complexes" SIGNOR-272484 CD79A protein P11912 UNIPROT BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "BCR consists of a pair of identical immunoglob- ulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains. though membrane BCR per se is not able to transduce downstream signaling, it does so by making BCR complex with CD79. The extracellular portion of the BCR is non-covalently coupled to a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the CD79A and CD79B. This association allows expression of BCR on the plasma membrane and BCR internalization after antigen recognition." SIGNOR-268192 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11062067 t "Phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif" gcesareni "Here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1)these results indicate that hgk, a novel activator of the jnk pathway, may function through tak1, and that the hgk --> tak1 --> mkk4, mkk7 --> jnk kinase cascade may mediate the TNF-alphalpha signaling pathway." SIGNOR-83732 NUP93 protein Q8N1F7 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262081 ATG5 protein Q9H1Y0 UNIPROT ATG12/5/16L1 complex SIGNOR-C109 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18321988 t lperfetto "Atg12 is conjugated to atg5 and forms an approximately 800-kda protein complex with atg16l (referred to as atg16l complex)." SIGNOR-226693 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr74 SAHARKEtEFLRLKR 9606 12493777 t lperfetto "We found that ndr1 autophosphorylates in vitro predominantly on ser-281 and to a lesser extent on thr-74 and thr-444. All of these residues proved to be crucial also for ndr1 activity in vivo" SIGNOR-96687 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C324 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t miannu "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-263722 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TDP1 protein Q9NUW8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser81 PKRQKSGsQEDLGWC 9606 19851285 t lperfetto "Optimal function of the dna repair enzyme tdp1 requires its phosphorylation by atm and/or dna-pk. Here we show that top1-associated dna double-stranded breaks (dsbs) induce the phosphorylation of tdp1 at s81. This phosphorylation is mediated by the protein kinases: ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (atm) and dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk)" SIGNOR-188772 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser143 PPFPSRDsGRLSPDL 9606 BTO:0000567 21658950 t miannu "Here, we show that Aurora B phosphorylates Haspin to promote generation of H3T3ph and that Aurora B kinase activity is required for normal chromosomal localization of the CPC, indicating an intimate linkage between Aurora B and Haspin functions in mitosis." SIGNOR-263138 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser206 ATPPTLSsTVLIVRN 9606 BTO:0001938 12815053 t lperfetto "Plk1 interacts with BRCA2 in vivo, and mutation of Ser193, Ser205/206, and Thr203/207 to Ala in BR-N1 abolished Plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that BRCA2 is the substrate of Plk1. Furthermore, both the hyperphosphorylated and hypophosphorylated forms of BRCA2 bind to RAD51, whereas the M phase hyperphosphorylated form of BRCA2 no longer associates with the P/CAF, suggesting that the dissociation of P/CAF-BRCA2 complex is regulated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249219 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser187 NSHPFPHsPNSSYPN 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161593 RTKN protein Q9BST9 UNIPROT SEPTIN9 protein Q9UHD8 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16007136 f miannu "We identified rhotekin, a downstream effector for rho, as a candidate regulator organizing septin structures through filament disruption." SIGNOR-138578 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser429 PQRERKSsSSSEDRN 9606 BTO:0000007 10869359 t "Akt phosphorylates both S364 and S428. Akt downregulates B-Raf activity in vivo" SIGNOR-251472 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser228 PPGDLPLsPSAFSAA 10090 BTO:0000944 7768935 t lperfetto "By a combination of protease digestion experiments and site-directed mutagenesis strategies, we found that serine 220 was phosphorylated by p42 MAP kinase in vitro. Expression of mutant TTP in fibroblasts confirmed that serine 220 was one of the major, mitogen-stimulated phosphorylation sites on the protein in intact cells. |It is not obvious how phosphorylation of TTP at serine 220 would alter DNA binding, since this residue lies well outside of the putative zinc finger region, which is between amino acids 95 to 159 in the mouse protein" SIGNOR-249456 AMT protein P48728 UNIPROT "Glycine cleavage system" complex SIGNOR-C437 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16051266 t lperfetto "The glycine cleavage system is a mitochondrial multienzyme system composed of four proteins termed P, H, T and L-protein, and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-H4folate), and reduced pyridine nucleotide." SIGNOR-268242 TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr128 DGEDDGDyESPNEEE 9606 10660534 t lperfetto "Rlk phosphorylated the N-terminal region of SLP-76, a region that has been previously shown to serve as a target for ZAP-70. Loss of N-terminal YESP/YEPP sites of SLP-76 or the Rlk kinase activity attenuated cooperativity between Rlk and SLP-76" SIGNOR-246929 UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257252 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257344 GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19703466 t "Adenylate cyclase is regulated by stimulatory hormones through Gs(alpha s beta gamma) and inhibitory hormones through Gi(alpha i beta gamma)" SIGNOR-256500 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 11244506 f miannu "BRCA1 blocked the expression of two endogenous estrogen-regulated gene products in human breast cancer cells: pS2 and cathepsin D." SIGNOR-253759 NUP133 protein Q8WUM0 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262089 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser536 SGDEDFSsIADMDFS 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C13 15489227 t lperfetto "Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained ikkalpha, ikkbeta, ikkepsilon, and tbk1. collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter." SIGNOR-129935 "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys6 kGGKGLGK 9606 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. by comparing the substrate specificities of the MSL and NSL complexes, we obtain evidence that MOF HAT activity is differentially regulated by assembly into the MSL complex, where it acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 on lysine 16, and the NSL complex, where it also acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 on lysines 5 and 8." SIGNOR-267167 "aspartic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:22660 ChEBI Asp-tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29158 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270378 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA 9606 18570871 t gcesareni "Together, our findings demonstrate that jnk1-mediated multisite phosphorylation of bcl-2 stimulates starvation-induced autophagy by disrupting the bcl-2/beclin 1 complex." SIGNOR-179088 "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 25675981 f lperfetto "The Integrator complex controls the termination of transcription at diverse classes of gene targets.|Following INTS3 or INTS9 knockdown, the levels of SDC4, JUNB, FOSL1, and GADD45B increased, suggesting that the Integrator complex negatively regulates the transcription of these genes." SIGNOR-261480 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser324 RDLELPLsPSLLGGP 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-252085 PPP1R3C protein Q9UQK1 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000759 36551183 t miannu "In the liver, PTG and PPP1R3B(GL)are expressed at roughly equivalent levels [55], and they jointly promote hepatic glycogen mobilization and storage. PTG overexpression significantly increased glycogen content, mainly due to its ability to promote the redistribution of PP1 and glycogen synthase to glycogen granules, significantly increasing GS activity and glycogen synthesis (Figure 2)" SIGNOR-271733 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000150 BTO:0000149 20443831 f gcesareni "The mechanism by which cyclin d1 enhances notch1 activity in different cell types remains to be determined;the current studies demonstrate for the first time that notch1 activity is induced by cyclin d1. The expression of cyclin d1 sirna reduced notch1 activity." SIGNOR-165189 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BE1 protein A0A2R8Y619 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265380 ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "L-asparagine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58048 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-267533 F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 27871158 t lperfetto "Integrin αIIbβ3 is retained by the actin cytoskeleton in resting platelets but is released to the cell surface during platelet activation. " SIGNOR-261864 GSK690693 chemical CHEBI:90677 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252462 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sQKHRDFV 9606 16495336 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain. Coexpression of vrk1 and gfp-baf greatly diminishes the association of baf with the nuclear chromatin/matrix and leads to its dispersal throughout the cell" SIGNOR-144795 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr534 SRTPSLPtPPTREPK 9606 17078951 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Here, we found that prephosphorylation by pka promotes gsk-3beta-catalyzed tau phosphorylation at thr181, ser199, ser202, thr205, thr217, thr231, ser396 and ser422" SIGNOR-150364 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 21596315 t lperfetto "Complexed with the activator proteins CDC20 or CDH1 (Fang et al., 1998, Visintin et al., 1997), the APC/C recognizes, ubiquitinates, and targets for proteasomal degradation a multitude of cell cycle regulators containing KEN or D box degrons, including securin, cyclin A, and cyclin B." SIGNOR-265050 PSMB1 protein P20618 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263356 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser30 EDLQEVLsSDENGGT 9606 BTO:0000567 12876286 t llicata "CHOP transcription factor phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 inhibits transcriptional activation. | The serine to alanine substituted site CHOP mutant was not phosphorylated by CK2, indicating that serines 14–15 and 30–31 of CHOP are the CK2 phosphoacceptor sites" SIGNOR-250852 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 21931630 f miannu "Using human MSCs, we discovered TWIST, a downstream target of HIF-1α, was induced under hypoxia and acted as a transcription repressor of RUNX2 through binding to the E-box located on the promoter of type 1 RUNX2." SIGNOR-255593 PCDH19 protein Q8TAB3 UNIPROT GABRA5 protein P31644 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 SIGNOR-C335 29360992 t miannu "Here, we found that PCDH19 binds the alpha subunits of GABAAR and regulates its surface availability and currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. The PCDH19 gene (Xp22.1) encodes the cell-adhesion protein protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) and is responsible for a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by female-limited epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autistic features, the pathogenic mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a new interaction between PCDH19 and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) alpha subunits in the rat brain. PCDH19 shRNA-mediated downregulation reduces GABAAR surface expression and affects the frequency and kinetics of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. " SIGNOR-267219 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT KCNA3 protein P22001 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr163 FDAILYYyQSGGRIR 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000671 19166614 t gcesareni "Previously we have shown that acute brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) activation of neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase b (trkb) suppresses the shaker voltage-gated potassium channel (kv1.3) via phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues in the n and c terminal aspects of the channel protein." SIGNOR-183523 NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT L-citrulline smallmolecule CID:9750 PUBCHEM up-regulates 9606 7537672 f apalma "Activation with lipopolysaccharide induces macrophages to produce the enzymes arginase and nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Both enzymes use as a substrate the ammino acid L-arginine, which can be either hydrolyzed by arginase to urea and ornithine or oxidized by NO synthase to NO and citrulline" SIGNOR-255382 ANKS1B protein Q7Z6G8 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26356309 t miannu "The reversible removal of AIDA-1 from the PSD core under excitatory conditions is similar to the redistribution of another abundant PSD protein, SynGAP. Both SynGAP-alpha1 and AIDA-1 are known to bind PSD-95." SIGNOR-264228 DNAJC3 protein Q13217 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25329545 t gcesareni "The protein p58IPK {also known asDnaJ3C [DnaJ heat-shock protein (hsp) 40 homologue, subfamily C, member 3]} is known to inhibit the eIF2 kinases PKR (dsRNA-dependent protein kinase/eIF2 kinase 2) and PERK" SIGNOR-246207 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser345 LVQGISFsQPTCPDH 9606 17015476 t "Phosphorylation of Chk1 by ATR is antagonized by a Chk1-regulated protein phosphatase 2A circuit|In response to genotoxic stress, Chk1 is phosphorylated on serines 317 (S317) and 345 (S345) by the ataxia-telangiectasia-related (ATR) protein kinase. Phosphorylation of Chk1 on these C-terminal serine residues is used as an indicator of Chk1 activation in vivo." SIGNOR-248615 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 28709001 f "MMP14 Promotes Adipogenesis Downstream of or in Parallel to TIMP3" SIGNOR-255909 PLEKHG4 protein Q58EX7 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260564 nisoxetine chemical CHEBI:73410 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 18487050 t Luana "For [3H]paroxetine, [3H]citalopram, [3H]nisoxetine, and [3H]WIN35,428 the following KD values were obtained on the human monoamine transporters hSERT, hNET, and hDAT by homologous competition experiments: 0.69 nM [3H]paroxetine, 4.46 nM [3H]citalopram, 6.77 nM [3H]nisoxetine, and 24.1 [3H]WIN35,428. " SIGNOR-257797 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000562 23607968 t gcesareni "Additionally, the hippo and wnts also cooperate in the nucleus, where yap interacts with beta-catenin and induces the expression of canonical wnt target genes, such as sox2 and snai2 in mouse heart tissue." SIGNOR-201939 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr9 ARTTSQLyDAVPIQS 9606 11481331 t lperfetto "Using site-directed mutants, we show that, although phosphorylation on tyr-373/376 is important for pdk1 activity, phosphorylation on tyr-9 has no effect on the activity of the kinase. Both of these residues can be phosphorylated by v-src tyrosine kinase in vitro, and co-expression of v-src leads to tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of pdk1." SIGNOR-109533 SUN2 protein Q9UH99 UNIPROT RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10818110 t Sara "Rab5ip represents a novel rab5 interacting protein that may function on endocytic vesicles as a receptor for rab5-GDP and participate in the activation of rab5" SIGNOR-261309 N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxylatoethyl)-AMP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57567 ChEBI fumarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29806 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-266610 SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 9660765 t miannu "We speculate that zfm1 may inhibit transcription driven by the ntds of tls" SIGNOR-58967 MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT MXI1 protein P50539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7954804 t 2 miannu "The role MAX plays in transcription is thought to be primarily as a cofactor for DNA binding. In this capacity, however, it appears to be essential for most, if not all, the known biological activities of MYC. MAX also functions as a cofactor for DNA binding for a group of bHLHZip proteins related to MYC, including MNT, MXD1-4 (formerly Mad1, Mxi1, Mad3 and Mad4), and MGA. Like MYC, these proteins do not homodimerize and appear to be incapable of binding DNA on their own, but when bound to MAX, they recognize E-box sequences." SIGNOR-240314 EID2 protein Q8N6I1 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14612439 t lperfetto "Stable expression of eid-2 in the tgf-beta1-responsive cell line inhibits endogenous smad3-smad4 complex formation and tgf-beta1-induced expression of p21 and p15. These results suggest that eid-2 may function as an endogenous suppressor of tgf-beta signaling." SIGNOR-119174 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT SLC19A3 protein Q9BZV2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 15217784 f miannu "In transiently transfected Drosophila SL2 cells, both SP1 and SP3 transactivated the SLC19A3 minimal promoter in a dose-dependent manner and in combination demonstrated an additive stimulatory effect." SIGNOR-255214 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPVVKRL 9606 BTO:0000763 12193595 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-244735 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr359 DTEFTSRtPKDSPGI 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252751 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr244 RRLCDLYyINSPELE 9606 22195962 t llicata "Mitochondrial pdhk1 is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated by fgfr1 in cancer cells further mass spectrometric analysis identified three tyrosine residues of pdhk1, including y136, y243 and y244, that are phosphorylated by fgfr1" SIGNOR-193454 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser32 RSEDARSsPSQRRRG 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C83 12714602 t lperfetto "We reported that the dna helicase activity of the human and mouse mcm4-6-7 complex, a sub-complex of the mcm2-7 heterohexamer, is inhibited by the phosphorylation by cdk2-cyclin a we identified six sites, including ser-32, ser-53, and thr-109, in the amino-terminal region of mouse mcm4 that are required for the phosphorylation with cdk2-cyclin a." SIGNOR-100881 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 17151142 f lperfetto "These results indicate that TNF-alpha regulates myogenesis and muscle regeneration as a key activator of p38." SIGNOR-235370 "SNS-314 Mesylate" chemical CID:24995523 PUBCHEM AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207105 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser579 NVKSKIGsTENLKHQ -1 12435421 t miannu "Ser214, Ser262, Ser356, and Ser409 of tau441‚ were phosphorylated by PKA. tau in PHF is abnormally hyperphosphorylated and lacks its normal activity to bind to microtubules and to stimulate their assembly" SIGNOR-250008 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT Enolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF74 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 24841372 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "The present finding suggested that the tyrosine residue at position 44 in chicken alpha-enolase is the phosphorylation site by the tyrosine kinase. Our data suggest that eno1 was upregulated by caga protein through activating the src and mek/erk signal pathways" SIGNOR-270248 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM59 protein Q8IWR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271123 TIAM1 protein Q13009 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260577 MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser857 PPYNRAVsLDSPVSV 9606 BTO:0000551 22505454 t gcesareni "Here, we report that erk3 interacted with and phosphorylated steroid receptor coactivator 3 (src-3), an oncogenic protein overexpressed in multiple human cancers at serine 857 (s857)" SIGNOR-196957 PRIM2 protein P49643 UNIPROT "DNA primase complex" complex SIGNOR-C261 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24043831 t lperfetto "Here, we describe the crystal structure of human primase in heterodimeric form consisting of full-length catalytic subunit and a C-terminally truncated large subunit." SIGNOR-261340 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 17900900 t gcesareni "The energy sensor amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) has been shown to directly phosphorylate foxo factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the akt phosphorylation sites, resulting in foxo activation" SIGNOR-157947 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000149 12954634 t miannu "Ncoa-1/src-1 is an essential coactivator of stat5 that binds to the fdl motif in the alpha-helical region of the stat5 transactivation domain." SIGNOR-100258 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr292 YTAMDVAtGQEVAIK 9606 14993270 t gcesareni "Activated erk can phosphorylate t292 in the prs, and this blocks the ability of pak to phosphorylate s298 and of rac-pak signaling to enhance mek1-erk complex formation." SIGNOR-123074 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 8195185 f irozzo "Regulation of the Erythroid Kruppel-like Factor (EKLF) Gene Promoter by the Erythroid Transcription Factor GATA-l.Accordingly,we have also demonstrated that GATA-2, like GATA-1, is able to activate the EKLF promoter in NIH3T3." SIGNOR-256051 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr566 SLNQEDIyITTESLT 10029 BTO:0000246 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248394 DAMPS stimulus SIGNOR-ST18 SIGNOR AIM2 protein O14862 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f lperfetto "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-256419 (R)-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:16347 ChEBI O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17490 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267119 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser287 WEPPGRAsPSQGSSP 9606 14697653 t lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-120455 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" hydroxylation 9606 24990963 t lperfetto "There are three EglN family members in humans and mice (EglN1, EglN2, and EglN3). Their enzymatic activity requires oxygen, ascorbic acid, iron, and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Under hypoxic conditions, EglNs lose their activity and fail to hydroxylate HIFα, which leads to HIFα stabilization" SIGNOR-262000 ADCY9 protein O60503 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265005 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT KSR2 protein Q6VAB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser313 TALHRSKsHEFQLGH 10090 19560418 t "These findings indicate that calcineurin modulates the phosphorylation state of KSR2, but not KSR1, and identifies S198, T287, and the S310 14-3-3 binding site as the KSR2 residues targeted by calcineurin.|the negative regulators 14-3-3" SIGNOR-248527 SLC9A9 protein Q8IVB4 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265608 SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26772908 t miannu "The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is composed of three homologous subunits and allows the flow of Na(+) ions across high resistance epithelia, maintaining body salt and water homeostasis. ENaC dependent reabsorption of Na(+) in the kidney tubules regulates extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and blood pressure by modulating osmolarity." SIGNOR-269275 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 YRYPRPAsVPPSPSL 11427888 t "Glycogen synthase has multiple serines (residues 640, 644, 648 and 652) separated by three residues, and those Ser residues are phosphorylated sequentially by GSK3 from the C-terminal end after Ser 656 has been phosphorylated by casein kinase II." SIGNOR-251239 CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT Immortality phenotype SIGNOR-PH47 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 10648628 f "Human keratinocytes that express hTERT and also bypass a p16(INK4a)-enforced mechanism that limits life span become immortal yet retain normal growth and differentiation characteristics" SIGNOR-259286 ERCC6 protein Q03468 UNIPROT NEIL1 protein Q96FI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19179336 t Regulation miannu "CSB stimulates NEIL1 incision activity in vitro, and CSB and NEIL1 co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize in HeLa cells." SIGNOR-251931 RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31225475 f miannu "L3MBTL2 links RNF8 and RNF168 in the DNA double strand break response. The protein kinase ATM phosphorylates L3MBTL2, which recruits it to the DNA lesion by promoting the interaction between MDC1 and L3MBTL2. L3MBTL2 is subsequently ubiquitinated by RNF8, which acts as a docking site for RNF168, thereby recruiting the ubiquitin ligase to the damage site. RNF168, in turn, ubiquitinates H2A-type histones to amplify the DNA damage response and recruit downstream DNA repair proteins for proper DSB signaling." SIGNOR-266789 SMARCAD1 protein Q9H4L7 UNIPROT TRIM28 protein Q13263 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21549307 t 1 miannu "SMARCAD1 interacts with HDAC1 and KAP1 and is required for their binding to heterochromatin" SIGNOR-239838 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr534 SRTPSLPtPPTREPK 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251595 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HLA-A protein P04439 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr344 SDRKGGSyTQAASSD 9606 6304688 t lperfetto "Hla-a2 and hla-b7 antigens are phosphorylated in vitro by rous sarcoma virus kinase (pp60v-src) at a tyrosine residue encoded in a highly conserved exon of the intracellular domain." SIGNOR-25566 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT GRB7 protein Q14451 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8631863 t gcesareni "Grb7 and grb10, likely relay signals emanating from ret to other, as yet, unidentified targets within the cell" SIGNOR-41765 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser25 PGTASRPsSSRSYVT -1 2500966 t miannu "Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65. Domain- and sequence-specific phosphorylation of vimentin induces disassembly of the filament structure." SIGNOR-250066 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1021 PNEGDNDyIIPLPDP 9606 12062403 t "Primary sequence determinants responsible for site-selective dephosphorylation of the PDGF beta-receptor by the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase DEP-1|DEP-1 dephosphorylation of original and chimeric phospho-peptides spanning the preferred pY1021" SIGNOR-248704 PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 18042541 t gcesareni "Regulation of phosphorylation of Thr-308 of Akt, cell proliferation, and survival by the B55alpha regulatory subunit targeting of the protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme to Akt.|Phosphorylation of Akt at regulatory residues Thr-308 and Ser-473 leads to its full activation. The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has long been known to negatively regulate Akt activity. The PP2A holoenzyme consists of the structural subunit (A), catalytic subunit (C), and a variable regulatory subunit (B)." SIGNOR-243530 EIF2B1 protein Q14232 UNIPROT EIF2S3 protein P41091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269134 MEGF10 protein Q96KG7 UNIPROT Phagocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH97 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28526325 f miannu "Our results indicate that MEGF10 may be responsible for phagocytic activity targeted toward unwanted substances such as amyloid in cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons." SIGNOR-265166 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr996 EEAPEDLyKDFLTLE 9606 10102632 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation of kdr in the kinase domain is required for maximal vegf-stimulated kinase activity and receptor internalizationthe intensity of vegf-induced autophosphorylation is significantly reduced when using receptor mutated at y996, confirming that this is a major site of autophosphorylation. Second, tyrosines 951 and 996 are the only two tyrosines in the receptor's kinase insert domain, and there is strong evidence from studies using the pdgfr and cfms that autophosphorylation of tyrosines in this domain leads to important signaling events." SIGNOR-66040 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21779497 f gcesareni "Pi3k can also activate rac, and this activation is involved in cytoskeleton reorganization." SIGNOR-175238 C5AR2 protein Q9P296 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by expression" 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263470 HOXB8 protein P17481 UNIPROT ACTA2 protein P62736 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002196 15886193 t Luana "Results from these experiments demonstrated that in 10T1/2 cells Hoxa10-1 increased the activity of the telokin promoter 3-fold without affecting the activity of the other promoters analyzed (Fig. 2A). Similar results were also observed in A10 SMC (data not shown). In contrast, Hoxb8 significantly repressed the activity of the telokin, smooth muscle α-actin, and SM22α promoters by 70, 50, and 70%, respectively" SIGNOR-261641 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser378 SKKGQSTsRHKKLMF 9606 BTO:0000776 17339337 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-153479 bethanechol chemical CHEBI:3084 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258625 Helicase protein P0DTD1-PRO_0000449630 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32979938 t miannu "We use unbiased screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 proteins that antagonize type I interferon (IFN-I) response. We found three proteins that antagonize IFN-I production via distinct mechanisms: nonstructural protein 6 (nsp6) binds TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to suppress interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation, nsp13 binds and blocks TBK1 phosphorylation, and open reading frame 6 (ORF6) binds importin Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) to inhibit IRF3 nuclear translocation. the results indicate that (1) nsp6 binds to TBK1 without affecting TBK1 phosphorylation, but the nsp6/TBK1 interaction decreases IRF3 phosphorylation, which leads to reduced IFN-β production; and (2) nsp13 binds and inhibits TBK1 phosphorylation, resulting in decreased IRF3 activation and IFN-β production (Figure 2F)." SIGNOR-262512 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12536214 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We found that pka phosphorylation of the ampa receptor subunits glur4 and glur1 directly controlled the synaptic incorporation of ampa receptors in organotypic slices from rat hippocampus." SIGNOR-270233 SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. The human enzyme readily oxidizes succinate to fumarate, while the reverse reaction is hardly detectable in most human cells and tissues under standard conditions." SIGNOR-266276 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr773 DTANNPLyKEATSTF 9606 BTO:0003904 11723131 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation level of beta(3) integrin was modulated using a temperature-sensitive v-Src kinase. Increased beta(3) phosphorylation abolished alpha(v)beta(3)- but not alpha(5)beta(1)-mediated adhesion to fibronectin. Thus, phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of beta(3) is a negative regulator of alpha(v)beta(3)-fibronectin binding strength." SIGNOR-247202 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR3C protein Q8WXA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264296 NRG1 protein Q02297 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 7477375 t gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4 direct interaction between heregulin and the two proteins was demonstrated by chemical cross-linking experiments using 125i-heregulin followed by immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for erbb2 or erbb3." SIGNOR-26061 FBXO6 protein Q9NRD1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19716789 t miannu " Here, we report that DNA damage not only activates Chk1, but also exposes a degron-like region at the carboxyl terminus of Chk1 to an Fbx6-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase, which mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of Chk1 and, in turn, terminates the checkpoint." SIGNOR-271881 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 20510530 t fferrentino "GATA2 interacts directly with PPARG and C/EBP a , which may deplete PPARG involved in the promotion of adipogenesis" SIGNOR-132949 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr302 PEPEVLStQEDLFDQ 9606 22621922 t gcesareni "Here we report phosphorylation of 53bp1 at several novel residues, using mass spectrometry and phospho-specific antibodies, and show that ionising radiation-stimulated phosphorylation of these residues requires atm." SIGNOR-197619 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT GLS2 protein Q9UI32 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22307140 t Luana "Glutaminase 2 (GLS2) can be directly transactivated by p53 and can therefore mediate p53-dependent regulation of cellular energy metabolism. G" SIGNOR-268041 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1303 NKLRRQHsYDTFVDL -1 11306676 t lperfetto "These results indicate that PKC can directly phosphorylate S1303 and S1323 in the NR2B C terminus, leading to enhanced currents through NMDA receptor channels." SIGNOR-249084 RIPK3 protein Q9Y572 UNIPROT MLKL protein Q8NB16 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr357 FELRKTQtSMSLGTT -1 24012422 t gianni "MLKL comprises a four-helical bundle tethered to the pseudokinase domain, which contains an unusual pseudoactive site. Although the pseudokinase domain binds ATP, it is catalytically inactive and its essential nonenzymatic role in necroptotic signaling is induced by receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated phosphorylation.[...]S345, S347, and T349 in the MLKL activation loop were phosphorylated by RIPK3 in in vitro kinase assays" SIGNOR-266438 KIF5C protein O60282 UNIPROT TRAK2 protein O60296 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24161670 t miannu "Trafficking kinesin proteins (TRAKs) are kinesin adaptors. They bind the cargo binding domain of kinesin-1 motor proteins forming a link between the motor and their cargoes. This supports the idea that the KIF5A–TRAK2 interaction is multivalent and could act to ensure stable motor-cargo interaction during intracellular trafficking; dimerization of both motor and adaptor molecules further enhances this stability (Fig. 6). A similar multivalent profile was found for the TRAK2 binding site within the kinesin-1 isoform, KIF5C." SIGNOR-264064 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12435361 t Gianni "Whereas Fgf8 expression was almost absent in Shh-/- mutants, it was up-regulated in Gli3-/-;Shh-/- double mutants, suggesting that SHH is not required for Fgf8 induction, and that GLI3 normally represses Fgf8 independently of SHH" SIGNOR-268949 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser368 QRPSSRAsSRASSRP 10116 10871288 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of connexin43 on serine368 by protein kinase C regulates gap junctional communication.|These data strongly suggest that PKC directly phosphorylates Cx43 on S368 in vivo, which results in a change in single channel behavior that contributes to a decrease in intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249048 NDUFA3 protein O95167 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND1-module builds around the Q-module with the help of TIMMDC1/C3ORF1 [47,48], which remains bound to the Q/ND1 subassembly until the last maturation steps. MT-ND1 joins first and then NDUFA3, NDUFA8 and NDUFA13 are added" SIGNOR-262155 EGR3 protein Q06889 UNIPROT NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 20506119 f miannu "In T lymphocytes EGR2 and EGR3 have been shown to inhibit NAB2 expression." SIGNOR-253884 MAT2B protein Q9NZL9 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001938 30942439 f miannu "MAT2B Promotes Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma by Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen" SIGNOR-261242 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr929 STIIRSKtFSPGPQS 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t llicata "Moreover, we found that rsk1/2 specifically phosphorylates kibra at two highly conserved sites (thr(929) and ser(947)) in vitro and in cells. Rsk-mediated phosphorylation is required for kibra binding to rsk1, but not rsk2." SIGNOR-203298 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser303 RGAPPRRsSIRNAHS 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t esanto "Pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation. The use of p47phox mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc?, ???, And ?." SIGNOR-89217 TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17429065 t lperfetto "Smad2/3 also binds to _-tubulin, which provides a negative regulatory mechanism controlling tgf-_ activity. the results showed that the mh2 domain of smad2 binds to _-tubulin with almost the same efficiency as the full-length (wild-type) smad2. Similar results were obtained for the smad3 binding to _-tubulin." SIGNOR-217631 GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT Glycogen_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH39 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 14593110 f lperfetto "Glycogen synthase, a key enzyme in the regulation of glycogen synthesis by insulin, is controlled by multisite phosphorylation." SIGNOR-235751 "prostaglandin E2" smallmolecule CHEBI:15551 ChEBI PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 15299086 t gcesareni "Pge2 is the ligand for four ep receptor subtypes termed ep1 to ep4." SIGNOR-127738 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser520 RLQTICMsGTGMRSV 9606 20448038 t lperfetto "Overexpression of pp2a catalytic subunit (pp2ac) beta-isoform results in dephosphorylation of mekk3 at thr-516 and ser-520 and termination of mekk3-mediated nf-kappab activation." SIGNOR-165229 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR Quiescence phenotype SIGNOR-PH25 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002314 22045613 f gcesareni "Notch signaling is active in quiescent SCs. SC-specific deletion of recombining binding protein-J (RBP-J), a nuclear factor required for Notch signaling, resulted in the depletion of the SC pool and muscles that lacked any ability to regenerate in response to injury." SIGNOR-244004 CDH15 protein P55291 UNIPROT CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12634428 t lperfetto "Cdo binds promyogenic cadherins form complexes with n- and m-cadherin." SIGNOR-99250 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol smallmolecule CHEBI:62746 ChEBI 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol smallmolecule CHEBI:16749 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 18772128 t miannu "The cycle of deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids plays a critical role in regulating availability of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. The major yeast lysophospholipid acyltransferase, Ale1p, is related to mammalian membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) proteins. MBOAT7 is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase with remarkable specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA. MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 are particularly susceptible to inhibition by thimerosal. Human neutrophils express mRNA for these four enzymes, and neutrophil microsomes incorporate arachidonoyl chains into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, PS, and phosphatidylethanolamine in a thimerosal-sensitive manner. These results strongly implicate MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 in arachidonate recycling, thus regulating free arachidonic acid levels and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-267245 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser322 TTLPRMKsSSSVTTS 9606 21945940 t lperfetto "Here we show that phosphorylation of vasp by ampk occurs at a novel site, serine 322, and that phosphorylation at this site alters actin filament binding. We also show that inhibition of ampk activity results in the accumulation of vasp at cell-cell adhesions and a concomitant increase in cell-cell adhesion." SIGNOR-216568 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259040 4-[4-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-N-[4-[[(2R)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(phenylthio)butan-2-yl]amino]-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]sulfonylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:94128 ChEBI BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189156 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser457 RGRKRFVsEGDGGRL 9606 16357133 t gcesareni "Our results show that akt specifically phosphorylates ser(67) and ser(457) residues of pdcd4 in vitro and in vivo. We further show that phosphorylation of pdcd4 by akt causes nuclear translocation of pdcd4." SIGNOR-252488 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT FRAT1 protein Q92837 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser188 RLQQRRGsQPETRTG 9606 16982607 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ser188 by pka inhibited the ability of frat1 to activate beta-catenin-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-149689 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:62845 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000093 8790407 t Luana "These studies demonstrate that human P450 1B1 is a catalytically efficient E2 4-hydroxylase that is likely to participate in endocrine regulation and the toxicity of estrogens." SIGNOR-269753 (2s)-1-{[5-(3-Methyl-1h-Indazol-5-Yl)pyridin-3-Yl]oxy}-3-Phenylpropan-2-Amine chemical CID:11314340 PUBCHEM AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259688 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT SMAD2/STAT3/EP300 complex SIGNOR-C203 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26194464 t "MARCO ROSINA" "Thus, pSmad2L (Ser255) forms complex with p300 and STAT3 to bind to the proximal promoter of the Rorc and Il17a genes." SIGNOR-255023 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr88 KGSLPEFyYRPPRPP -1 17254966 t "Lyn and Abl phosphorylate Y88 of p27 in vitro. phosphorylation of Y88 in p27 impaired its ability to inhibit the bound kinase complex" SIGNOR-251426 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15890648 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Cad is a multifunctional protein that initiates and regulates mammalian de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The activation of the pathway required for cell proliferation is a consequence of the phosphorylation of cad thr-456 by mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase.Activated map kinase (erk1/2), the enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of thr-456, was also present in larger amounts in the nucleus than the cytosol" SIGNOR-269998 Terfenadine chemical CHEBI:9453 ChEBI KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9395068 t miannu "We have previously shown that terfenadine can inhibit both Kv1.5 and HERG with its effects on HERG being approximately 10‐fold more potent" SIGNOR-258673 RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT TRPM6 protein Q9BX84 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18258429 t Manara "We identified RACK1 as the first TRPM6-associated protein and demonstrated that RACK1 inhibits TRPM6 channel activity depending on the phosphorylation state T1851 in the α-kinase domain." SIGNOR-260921 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001593 BTO:0000140 SIGNOR-C29 22298955 t "Create trimers (2 typeII and 1 typeI) with serine/threonine kinase function" lperfetto "Noggin binds the domain that is re-quired for bmp-7 to interact with bmp type i and type ii receptors.Noggin Inhibits bmp by blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type i and type ii receptors (pmid 12478285)" SIGNOR-195612 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t miannu "Myod targets brg1 to the myogenin promoter during the initiation of myogenesis in tissue culture models for skeletal muscle differentiation /initiation of myogenin transcription is dependent upon myod, the pbx homeodomain factor, and swi/snf chromatin-remodeling enzymes" SIGNOR-151682 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10078207 t miannu "The remodeling activity of brg1 and hbrm is stimulated by baf170/baf155 and is further stimulated when ini1 is added." SIGNOR-65432 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR PPP2R5B protein Q15173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23135275 t miannu "Here, we report that KLHL15-Cul3 specifically targets B'β to promote turnover of the PP2A subunit by ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. We mapped KLHL15 residues critical for homodimerization as well as interaction with Cul3 and B'β." SIGNOR-272019 "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32644488 f lperfetto "Therefore, VWF cannot bind to the GpIb receptors on platelets via the A1 domain to induce platelet aggregation and further hemostasis. " SIGNOR-261866 CLK1 protein P49759 UNIPROT RBM17 protein Q96I25 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser62 IDLKRGGsSDDRQIV 9534 BTO:0001538 23519612 t miannu "In this work, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) phosphorylates SPF45 on eight serine residues." SIGNOR-262712 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr113 SSFEEDDyESPNDDQ 9606 BTO:0000782 12817019 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of slp-76 is required for prolonged erk activation in response to sdf-1_ cr signal transduction results in slp-76 tyrosine phosphorylation at the amino-terminal tyrosines 113, 128, and 145 via a mechanism requiring the zap-70 tyrosine kinase." SIGNOR-102507 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 26387839 t lperfetto "BIGH3 binds molecules of the ECM, including fibronectin, laminin and different collagens ( Hashimoto et al., 1997 ; Hanssen et al., 2003) and serves as a ligand for several integrins|BIGH3 has been shown to interact with α3β1, αvβ3, αvβ5, α1β1, α6β4 and α7β1 integrin heterodimers" SIGNOR-253271 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser722 PRLRSVSsYGNIRAV 9606 SIGNOR-C3 18722121 t llicata "Ser719, ser721, and ser722 are the predominant rsk-dependent phosphorylation sites in raptor raptor phosphorylation regulates mtorc1 activity" SIGNOR-252773 HIF3A protein Q9Y2N7 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 21479871 t Luana "None of the long HIF-3α variants was capable of efficient induction of an HRE reporter in overexpression experiments, but instead inhibited the transcriptional activation of the reporter by HIF-1 and HIF-2. " SIGNOR-261615 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 20551513 t ggiuliani "Expression of a constitutively active mutant of MKK6 (MKK6-glu) (39), but not a kinase-inactive mutant of MKK6 (MKK6-K82A) (39), strongly promoted human MSC differentiation to osteoblasts as shown by increased ALP activity and extracellular matrix mineralization (Figure 4E). Furthermore, MKK6-glu‚Äìexpressing osteoblasts were treated with inhibitors of p38, JNK, and MEK (Figure 4F). Only treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked the effects of MKK6-glu." SIGNOR-255780 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM3A protein Q9Y4C1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271583 SARM1 protein Q6SZW1 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 17667936 t gcesareni "SARM utilizes its TIR domain to negatively regulate TRIF" SIGNOR-252068 GFPT1 protein Q06210 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21310273 t miannu "GFPT1 catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamine onto fructose-6-phosphate, yielding glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) and glutamate. This transamidase reaction has been identified as the first and rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is the obligatory source of essential amino sugars for the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans" SIGNOR-267816 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT OSBP2 protein Q969R2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 30925160 t lperfetto "CK1a1, JNK1 and CDK1 had the highest site-specific activity for ORP4L, while CDK1, GSK3a, CK1a1 and GSK3b showed the highest specificity for the site when corrected for background activity with ORP4L-S4A. Because of the complexity of the serine/proline-rich site, we did not determine which serine(s) in ORP4L were phosphorylated by candidate kinases.|We conclude that phosphorylation of a unique serine/proline motif in the ORD induces a conformation change in ORP4L that enhances interaction with vimentin and cholesterol extraction from membranes." SIGNOR-264876 RBBP4 protein Q09028 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23110252 t lperfetto "The PRC2 core, conserved from Drosophila to humans, is composed of four proteins that add up to about 230 kDa (Figure 1A) (see Margueron and Reinberg, 2010 for a recent review): EED (present in different isoforms), either one of the two methyltranferases Ezh1 or Ezh2 (Ezh1/2), Suz12, and either RbAp46 or RbAp48 (RbAp46/48)." SIGNOR-241906 8-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)butyl]-1H-quinolin-2-one chemical CHEBI:91585 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257857 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 14668333 t miannu "ApoA-I interactions with ABCA1 and lipid efflux to apoA-I were substantially impaired by inhibiting or abolishing JAK2, whereas ABCA1 protein levels were unaffected, and ABCA1 cholesterol translocase activity was only slightly reduced. The most likely explanation for these findings is that JAK2 promotes apolipoprotein interactions with ABCA1 or a closely proximal site, and this facilitates the removal of cellular lipids. the interaction of apolipoproteins with ABCA1-expressing cells activates JAK2, which in turn activates a process that enhances apolipoprotein interactions with ABCA1 and lipid removal from cells" SIGNOR-252107 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser594 HKAAVPAsEKLLLLK 9606 BTO:0000930 15381704 t lperfetto "Finally, basal ChAT phosphorylation in neurons is mediated predominantly by PKC at Ser-476, with PKC activation increasing phosphorylation at Ser-440 and enhancing ChAT activity." SIGNOR-249272 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1035 DHQTPPTsPVQGTTP 9606 24089523 t lperfetto "Histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) is well known for its ability to promote cell migrationextracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) phosphorylates histone deacetylase 6 (hdac6) at serine 1035 to stimulate cell migrationwe have identified two novel erk-mediated phosphorylation sites: threonine 1031 and serine 1035 in hdac6. Both sites were phosphorylated by erk1" SIGNOR-202698 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 12704343 t milica "Irs-1 and a homologous protein, irs-2 (also known as 4-phosphotyrosine substrate), are recruited to phosphorylated y497 of IL-4R After ligand binding, leading to phosphorylation and activation of irs-1 and irs-2." SIGNOR-100768 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser334 PTYQRRGsLQLWQFL 9606 12213813 t lperfetto "Pka targets er81 on ser(334) in vivo. Surprisingly, phosphorylation of ser(334) severely reduces the dna-binding ability of er81 but also enhances the transactivation potential of er81. These counteractive effects of pka phosphorylation on er81-dependent transcription may cause the selective up-regulation of promoters with high but not low affinity for er81." SIGNOR-92455 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR DLC1 protein Q96QB1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser766 VTRTRSLsACNKRVG 10116 BTO:0000443 16338927 t gcesareni "We have demonstrated that Ser-322 is phosphorylated upon insulin stimulation of intact cells and that this site is directly phosphorylated in vitro by PKB and ribosomal S6 kinase, members of the AGC (protein kinases A, G, and C) family of insulin-stimulated protein kinases" SIGNOR-247997 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI PRKAR2A protein P13861 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258761 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr75 RPNPCAYtPPSLKAV 10116 BTO:0000142 10604473 t llicata "We find that DARPP-32 is converted into an inhibitor of PKA when phosphorylated at threonine 75 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Cdk5 phosphorylates DARPP-32 in vitro and in intact brain cells. Phospho-Thr 75 DARPP-32 inhibits PKA in vitro by a competitive mechanism." SIGNOR-250671 "Melanotan II" chemical CID:92432 PUBCHEM MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding BTO:0000614 17702843 t lperfetto "Centrally administered melanotan II (MTII), a synthetic melanocortin 3/4-receptor agonist, decreases adiposity beyond that accountable by food intake decreases." SIGNOR-253065 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18652845 f miannu "Although RAPA downregulated ILT2, ILT3 and ILT4 expression in DC, the inhibition of T cell proliferation by RAPA-treated DC is predominantly due to the reduction of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression rather than the propensity to generate FoxP3 expressing regulatory cells." SIGNOR-255474 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t lperfetto "Akt inactivates protein degradation by phosphorylating and thus repressing the transcription factors of the foxo family, and stimulates protein synthesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (gsk3b)." SIGNOR-252352 TSPOAP1 protein O95153 UNIPROT RIMS3 protein Q9UJD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264373 glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [‚Ķ] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267394 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 10092231 t miannu "P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) phosphorylates MLCK, resulting in decreased MLCK activity. " SIGNOR-250317 EFNA2 protein O43921 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52203 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 SALNRTSsDSALHTS 9606 SIGNOR-C15 20577053 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on the ser171 residue of crtc2 by ampk and ampk-related kinases, including the salt-inducible kinases (siks), is critical for determining the activity, cellular localization, and degradation of crtc2" SIGNOR-166365 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271105 TAOK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF21 SIGNOR STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t miannu "The thousand-and-one (TAO) amino acids kinase or TAOK1 – 3 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate Hpo or MST1/2." SIGNOR-256182 N-[6,6-dimethyl-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-oxomethyl]-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-3-methylbutanamide chemical CHEBI:91371 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206124 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Lar ptpase shows strong preference for dephosphorylation first at py5 (at tri-, di-, and monophosphotyrosyl levels). Initially this regioselectivity gives the y5(py9)(py10) diphospho regioisomer, followed by equal dephosphorylation at py9 or py10 to give the corresponding monophosphoryl species on the way to fully dephosphorylated product." SIGNOR-76013 ARHGAP40 protein Q5TG30 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260497 UBXN1 protein Q04323 UNIPROT Protein_degradation phenotype SIGNOR-PH96 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15362974 f miannu "Our working hypothesis is that SAKS1 acts as scaffolding protein to enhance the unfolding and proteolytic destruction of a subset of proteins. PNGase removes high-mannose-containing oligosaccharides from MGPs [30], and our results suggest this may be facilitated by the formation of a complex between PNGase, VCP, SAKS1 and ubiquitinated MGPs, as illustrated schematically in Figure 7(B). PNGase has been reported to bind to the S4 component of the proteasome [30], so that the deglycosylation of MGPs by PNGase, followed by VCP-catalysed unfolding, may facilitate their destruction by the proteasome." SIGNOR-261059 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser27 GNDPLTSsPGRSSRR 9606 16899510 t Luana "Taken together, these results indicate that Cdc7/Dbf4 phosphorylation of MCM2 is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells. | Because MCM2 was phosphorylated in vivo at Ser27, Ser41, and Ser139, which were phosphorylated by Cdc7/Dbf4 in vitro, the results suggested that Ser27, Ser41, and Ser139 are in vivo Cdc7/Dbf4 phosphorylation sites in MCM2." SIGNOR-259848 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr76 LRASRLGtTRTPSSY 9606 BTO:0000971 10574968 t lperfetto "We developed antibodies specifically recognizing the kinase-dependent phosphorylation of desmin at Thr-16, Thr-75, and Thr-76. With these antibodies, phosphorylation of desmin was observed specifically at the cleavage furrow in late mitotic Saos-2 cells. We then found that treatment of the interphase cells with calyculin A revealed phosphorylation at all the three sites of desmin" SIGNOR-249031 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser526 MSGTGMRsVTGTPYW 9606 20448038 t lperfetto "Pp2ac binds to the phosphorylated mekk3 and subsequently dephosphorylate mekk3 at thr-516, ser-520, and ser-526 residues to terminate mekk3-mediated ikkbeta/Nf-kappaB Activation" SIGNOR-165233 MTA3 protein Q9BTC8 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263840 NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003879 20383200 f Regulation miannu "Ectopic expression of Nodal or activation of Nodal signaling by addition of rNodal increased MMP-2 protein level and cell invasion. the expression level of Nodal correlates well with MMP-2 expression and cell invasion." SIGNOR-251940 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT GFER protein P55789 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 18513187 f miannu "We also confirmed that activation and repression of hHSS transcription induced by Sp1 and HNF4alpha resulted from binding of these factors to these two cis-elements respectively. Overexpression of HNF4alpha led to a dramatic repression of the promoter activity and, in contrast, the activity was markedly elevated by overexpression of Sp1." SIGNOR-254449 MAP1B protein P46821 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10649507 t lperfetto "MAP1B is a microtubule-associated phosphoprotein that is particularly highly expressed in developing neurons. " SIGNOR-264844 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14625384 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-252806 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT TSSK3 protein Q96PN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr168 SHRELSQtFCGSTAY -1 16336268 t Manara "We elucidated the mechanism of regulation of TSSK3 activity showing that autophosphorylation and PDK1 phosphorylation in the ‘activation loop’ are necessary for activation." SIGNOR-260786 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT WRN protein Q14191 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser440 DTSYVIEsDEDLEME 9606 BTO:0000007 24429382 t llicata "Here, we identify ser-440 and -467 in wrn as major phosphorylation sites mediated by dna-pk our findings indicate that phosphorylation of ser-440 and -467 in wrn are important for relocalization of wrn to nucleoli, and that it is required for efficient dsb repair." SIGNOR-203737 ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT BTC protein P35070 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "Like ADAM17, ADAM10 has also been implicated in the activation of specific EGFR ligands, especially EGF and betacellulin" SIGNOR-259839 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser131 HTDSRKDsPPAGSPA 9606 BTO:0000142 17327227 t llicata "Phosphorylation by cdk5 decreased the auto-ubiquitylation of parkin both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-153445 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser8 MESEMLQsPLLGLGE 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t llicata "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-169518 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C8 9689110 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that human smad2 and smad4, two essential smad proteins involved in mediating tgf-beta transcriptional responses in endothelial and other cell types, can functionally interact with the transcriptional coactivator creb binding protein (cbp). This interaction is specific in that it requires ligand (tgf-beta) activation and is mediated by the transcriptional activation domains of the smad proteins." SIGNOR-59462 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG 9606 SIGNOR-C110 23151663 t gcesareni "Beta-catenin phosphorylation in vivo is sequentially carried out by two distinct kinases, ckialfa and gsk-3. Ckialfa phosphorylation of s45 proceeds and is required for subsequent gsk-3 phosphorylation of t41, s37, and s33 one key substrate of gsk3 is the transcriptional co-activator beta catenin, whichis inactivated by gsk3 mediated phosphorylation and targeted for proteasomal degradation in unstimulated cells." SIGNOR-199512 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PDE3A protein Q14432 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser438 PGLLRRVsSTWTTTT 9606 19261611 t llicata "Protein kinase c-mediated phosphorylation and activation of pde3a regulate camp levels in human platelets. together, these results demonstrate that platelet activation stimulates pkc-dependent phosphorylation of pde3a on ser(312), ser(428), ser(438), ser(465), and ser(492) leading to a subsequent increase in camp hydrolysis and 14-3-3 binding." SIGNOR-184456 SLA protein Q13239 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 phosphorylation:Tyr594 TYVDPHTyEDPNQAV 24457997 t lperfetto "These data are consistent with a model where SLAP induces Ephrin-independent EPHA2 degradation. | This activity is independent from CBL but requires SLAP SH3 interaction with the ubiquitination factor UBE4A and SLAP SH2 interaction with pTyr594-EPHA2." SIGNOR-262964 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser434 SFEPKIRsPRRFIGS 9823 BTO:0004712 23486913 t lperfetto "Collectively, these results indicate that Arg, Leu, and Gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of pTr cells through activation of the MTOR-RPS6K-RPS6-EIF4EBP1 signal transduction pathway" SIGNOR-201534 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10828059 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-2" llicata "Long pde4d forms are inhibited by erk2 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-77574 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15780951 f lperfetto "Furthermore, FGF-2 and FGF-9 increased expression of other osteogenic factors BMP-2 and TGFbeta-1. Meanwhile, blocking endogenous FGF signaling, using a virally transduced dominant-negative FGF receptor (FgfR), resulted in drastically reduced expression of the BMP-2 gene, demonstrating for the first time that endogenous FGF/FgfR signaling is a positive upstream regulator of the BMP-2 gene in calvarial osteoblasts" SIGNOR-134785 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 19607706 t "Permanent activation of the upstream kinase IKK beta results from UVB-induced inhibition of the catalytic subunit of Ser-Thr phosphatase PP2A (PP2Ac), leading to immediate phosphorylation and degradation of newly synthesized I kappaB alpha|Chronic Ser 177/181 phosphorylation of IKKβ was due to UVB-induced inhibition of the catalytic subunit of the Ser-Thr phosphatase PP2A (PP2Ac)" SIGNOR-248580 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120048 GH1 protein P01241 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 15665309 t Luana "Autocrine hGH increased the transcription and subsequent mRNA level and protein expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 in human mammary epithelial cells" SIGNOR-261629 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT miR-34 mirna URS000033F823_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21986534 f "We revealed that TNFα treatment results in the up-regulation of miR-155 through the NFκB pathway in 3T3-L1 cells." SIGNOR-255935 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Met) smallmolecule CHEBI:29173 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270395 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR BNIP3 protein Q12983 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267454 NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24577401 t miannu "A retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) response element within the BMAL1 promoter is responsive to both ROR and REV-ERB (encoded by the genes NR1D1 and NR1D2); ROR activates the transcription of BMAL1, whereas REV-ERB suppresses its transcription." SIGNOR-268005 Enolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF74 SIGNOR phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266527 MBTPS2 protein O43462 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 10029 BTO:0000246 10419520 t "In order to activate transcription, the NH2-terminal domain of the SREBP must be released from the membrane so that it can enter the nucleus. This release has been studied most extensively for one of the SREBPs, namely, SREBP-2. However, the mechanism appears to be similar for the other SREBPs (SREBP-1a and -1c) (1). Release of the NH2-terminal domain is accomplished by a two-step proteolytic event that is regulated by sterols (3). In sterol-depleted mammalian cells, this proteolysis is initiated by the Site-1 protease (S1P), which cleaves human SREBP-2 between the Leu522-Ser523 bond in the sequence RSVL S (4). This cleavage requires formation of a complex between SREBP and SCAP, a polytopic membrane protein of the ER, and it is prevented when this complex is disrupted" SIGNOR-267499 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR TUBA1C protein Q9BQE3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 t miannu "Elongator Subunits Interact with the Microtubules and Are Required for Proper Acetylation of α-Tubulin." SIGNOR-269720 TSHB protein P01222 UNIPROT SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 14623893 f miannu "Uptake is stimulated by TSH, the master hormone for thyroid gland regulation. TSH stimulation results, at least in part, from the cAMP-mediated increase in NIS biosynthesis. TSH not only stimulates NIS transcription and biosynthesis but is also required for modulating the NIS phosphorylation pattern, maintaining its half-life, and retaining NIS at the thyrocyte plasma membrane" SIGNOR-251994 spermine smallmolecule CHEBI:15746 ChEBI Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14617280 f apalma "Cell proliferation is highly dependent on the synthesis of polyamines, which are derived from arginine metabolism" SIGNOR-255552 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT MAML3 protein Q96JK9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21873209 t gcesareni "When bound to the active intracellular domain of notch (nicd), rbpj recruits a coactivator complex, including a mastermind homologue (maml1-3 in mammals), and drives a complex transcriptional program with pervasive phenotypic effects." SIGNOR-176200 SIM1 protein P81133 UNIPROT ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9020169 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that both SIM1 and SIM2 can heterodimerize via their helix-loop-helix·PAS regions with ARNT, but not with AHR, and that they do not form homodimers. Furthermore, SIM1 may have a dual role, both negatively affecting AHR·ARNT binding to the XRE and also acting in concert with ARNT as a novel DNA-binding heterodimer." SIGNOR-240759 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SPHK1 protein Q9NYA1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser225 VGSKTPAsPVVVQQG 9606 14532121 t gcesareni "Activation of sphingosine kinase 1 by erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-118546 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR SLX4 protein Q8IY92 UNIPROT up-regulates -1 10542278 f miannu "HMLH1 and hPMS2 function in postreplicative mismatch repair in the form of a heterodimer referred to as hMutLα. Tumors or cell lines lacking this factor display mutator phenotypes and microsatellite instability, and mutations in the hMLH1 andhPMS2 genes predispose to hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer. Recombinant hMutLα and hMutLβ, expressed in the baculovirus system, were tested for their activity in an in vitro mismatch repair assay." SIGNOR-259063 TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 25549588 f areggio "Muscle-specific ubiq- uitin ligases, muscle-specific RING-finger 1 (MURF1; also known as TRIM63)12 and atrogin 1 (also known as MAFBX), are markedly induced in almost all types of atrophy." SIGNOR-254993 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Thrombin also activates the cofactors FVIII (to FVIIIa) and FV (to FVa) and activates platelets such that they provide a procoagulant membrane surface to which these proteins then bind" SIGNOR-263529 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 8650547 t Luana "Stress-Induced Phosphorylation and Activation of the Transcription Factor CHOP (GADD153) by p38 MAP Kinase" SIGNOR-260724 RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT RAD50 protein Q92878 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004784 16600870 t lperfetto "We propose that p130, forming a complex with Rad50 through RINT-1, blocks telomerase-independent telomere lengthening in normal cells. " SIGNOR-265029 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257925 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT DAAM1 protein Q9Y4D1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19365405 t gcesareni "B-catenin-independent wnt signaling can activate rho family gtpases through at least two mechanisms: (1) direct activation of rac1 by dvl;and (2) activation of rhoa via dvl-associated activator of morphogenesis-1 (daam1), possibly through the weak-similarity guaninenucleotide exchange factor (wgef)1." SIGNOR-185271 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser188 RKRHKSDsISLSFDE 9606 15169778 t lperfetto "Stabilization of mdm2 via decreased ubiquitination is mediated by protein kinase b/akt-dependent phosphorylationhere we show that pkb inhibits mdm2 self-ubiquitination via phosphorylation of mdm2 on ser(166) and ser(188)" SIGNOR-244300 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15209375 t gcesareni "One of the most studiedevents controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of aof agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-126072 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MCRIP1 protein C9JLW8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr30 PSSSEIFtPAHEENV 9606 25728771 t lperfetto "When phosphorylated by ERK, MCRIP1 dissociates from CtBP, allowing CtBP to interact with ZEB1. In this manner, the CtBP co-repressor complex is recruited to, and silences, the E-cadherin promoter by inducing chromatin modifications.| While substitution of S4 or S18 with Ala did not affect the phosphorylation of MCRIP1 by ERK, substitution of either S21 or T30 significantly reduced MCRIP1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-264772 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 26194347 f irozzo "Nrf2 was up-regulated in HCC, and expression of Nrf2 was correlated with tumor differentiation, metastasis, and tumor size. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of Nrf2 expression inhibited proliferation by inducing apoptosis and repressed invasion, and up-regulation of Nrf2 expression resulted in opposite phenotypes." SIGNOR-259285 PI-103 chemical CHEBI:90524 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258266 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF138 protein Q8WVD3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271027 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1229 SSEDLSAyASISFQK 9606 17827393 t gcesareni "Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)." SIGNOR-157734 (S)-malate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15589 ChEBI oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-266282 APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT TSHZ3 protein Q63HK5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 19343227 t miannu "We carried out yeast two-hybrid studies with a PTB domain of FE65, focusing on those genes that might be involved in nuclear signaling, and identified and validated Teashirt proteins as FE65 interacting proteins in neurons. Using reporter systems, we observed that FE65 could simultaneously recruit SET, a component of the inhibitor of acetyl transferase, and Teashirt, which in turn recruited histone deacetylases, to produce a powerful gene-silencing complex." SIGNOR-264813 CLU protein P10909 UNIPROT LRP2 protein P98164 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10090 32332780 t miannu "Our results demonstrate that circulating ApoJ is retained in muscle via LRP2 and that LRP2 signaling could play a role in the maintenance of ApoJ homeostasis in circulation, at least in part." SIGNOR-265256 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257930 RPEL1 protein Q2QD12 UNIPROT "D-ribulose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17363 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267066 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr387 TMKRRDEtMQPAKPS 9606 20513427 t "PHLPPs dephosphorylate Mst1 on the T387 inhibitory site, which activate Mst1 and its downstream effectors p38 and JNK to induce apoptosis." SIGNOR-248730 GRB7 protein Q14451 UNIPROT RND1 protein Q92730 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 10664463 t gcesareni "We would like to propose that when cells are driven to divide by growth factor stimulation, grb7 relocalizes at the membrane, in the same subcellular compartment as rnd1, where they could interact in vivo." SIGNOR-74914 Gluconeogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH35 SIGNOR α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-267958 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21659604 t lperfetto "The adaptor protein grb10 was identified as an mtorc1 substrate that mediates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase." SIGNOR-217063 ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26010542 t irozzo "The luciferase reporter assay results revealed that the presence of both MZF-1 and Elk-1 significantly contributed to the upregulation of PKCα gene transcription activity." SIGNOR-256336 CFD protein P00746 UNIPROT CFB protein P00751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Thr25 LLSGGVTtTPWSLAR 9606 BTO:0000089 26489954 t lperfetto "The resulting proconvertase C3bB is subsequently cleaved by factor D (FD), generating the AP C3 convertase C3bBb" SIGNOR-263488 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr664 EGGWMEDyDYVHLQG 9606 BTO:0001130 22084245 t lperfetto "Protein-tyrosine kinase 6 promotes peripheral adhesion complex formation and cell migration by phosphorylating p130 crk-associated substrate. Tyrosine residues 165 and 664 of p130cas were both phosphorylated by ptk6 in vitro" SIGNOR-177242 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 PNEPVSDyINANIIM 9534 8995399 t lperfetto "Tyrosine residues 304 and 327 in shp-2 are phosphorylated by jaks, and phosphorylated shp-2 can associate with the downstream adapter protein grb2." SIGNOR-236282 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR LIN28A protein Q9H9Z2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269238 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr373 ASDTDSSyCIPTAGM 9606 19881549 t lperfetto "Using both mutagenesis and mass spectrometry approaches, y242, y259, y317, y373 and y627 of gab1 were identified to be phosphorylated by c-src a gab1 mutant with substitutions of the src phosphorylation sites failed to promote hgf-induced dna synthesis" SIGNOR-236318 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT LGALS3BP protein Q08380 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002812 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253805 CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT "cyclic ADP-ribose" smallmolecule CHEBI:31445 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR." SIGNOR-264244 TM9SF4 protein Q92544 UNIPROT Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29125601 f miannu "In the present study, we report a novel autophagy-related protein TM9SF4, which plays a functional role in the induction phase of autophagic process. Overexpression of TM9SF4 promoted autophagic flux in HEK293 cells." SIGNOR-266704 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser374 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-262999 SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264700 CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11285280 t miannu "These results suggested that cyclin A is a target of the Cdc20-associated APC/C in human cells." SIGNOR-272578 CDK20 protein Q8IZL9 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr160 GVPVRTYtHEVVTLW 9606 14597612 t gcesareni "P42 is essential for the phosphorylation of thr-160 and activation of cdk2." SIGNOR-118986 BRF2 protein Q9HAW0 UNIPROT TFIIIB complex SIGNOR-C393 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 29378333 t lperfetto "Both in yeast and mammalian cells, TFIIIB consists of three subunits: TFIIB-related Brf1, TATA-box binding protein (TBP), common also for the other two RNA polymerases, and Pol III-specific subunit, Bdp1 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266191 NAD(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57540 ChEBI SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10693811 t gcesareni "Here we show that yeast and mouse Sir2 proteins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylases" SIGNOR-238539 HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257350 NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30205049 t miannu "In AML cells, NPM1 mutations result in abnormal cytoplasmic localization of the mutant protein (NPM1c); however, it is unknown whether NPM1c is required to maintain the leukemic state. Here, we show that loss of NPM1c from the cytoplasm, either through nuclear relocalization or targeted degradation, results in immediate downregulation of homeobox (HOX) genes followed by differentiation." SIGNOR-260138 SH3GL2 protein Q99962 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25517094 f miannu "Endocytosis is required for internalization of micronutrients and turnover of membrane components. Endophilin has been assigned as a component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-263883 RPL10 protein P27635 UNIPROT YES1 protein P07947 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12138090 t miannu "Several c-yes kinase activity assays indicated that the qm protein reduced c-yes kinase activity by 70%" SIGNOR-90805 FBXO9 protein Q9UK97 UNIPROT TELO2 protein Q9Y4R8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23263282 t miannu "Here we report that Tel2 and Tti1 are targeted for degradation within mTORC1 by the SCFFbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mTOR signalling to growth factor availability. The interaction between Tel2/Tti1 and Fbxo9 identified by mass spectrometry suggests that SCFFbxo9 is probably the ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of both proteins." SIGNOR-271996 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253464 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 14522900 f miannu " In this study, we found that a subset of ING family members strongly repressed human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter activity but stimulated the p21(WAF1) promoter in parallel experiments in the same cell type, similar to the effects of p53. Both ING1 and p53 were able to suppress AFP transcription and cause p21 induction; hSIR2, a negative regulator of the p53 protein, showed the opposite effects on the AFP promoter and, like HDAC1, repressed p21 promoter activity." SIGNOR-254481 Cyclopamine chemical CHEBI:4021 ChEBI CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Cyclopamine and other inhibitors of hh signaling were found to inhibit smo coupling to gi in a manner consistent with inverse agonism." SIGNOR-148469 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PDZRN3 protein Q9UPQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271069 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 ILDLISEsPIKGRAQ 9606 11259409 t miannu "JNK Phosphorylation of HnRNP K Increases Its Transcriptional Activity. the primary site for JNK phosphorylation consists of serines 216 and 353 on the K protein." SIGNOR-250081 LEP protein P41159 UNIPROT LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9463481 t gcesareni "Both ob-ra and ob-rb bind leptin with the same affinity, whereas only ob-rb can elicit intracellular response" SIGNOR-55656 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr41 GIHSGATtTAPSLSG 9606 BTO:0000586 SIGNOR-C110 16293724 t gcesareni "This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway." SIGNOR-141807 ZFYVE9 protein O95405 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20515759 t lperfetto "Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) is known as Smad cofactor that interacts directly with Smad2/3 and functions to recruit Smad2/3 to the TGF-beta receptor." SIGNOR-59145 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 EGRQPSPsPSPTERA 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29590-4" gcesareni "We conclude that phosphorylation by map kinase cascades potentiates the antiproliferative functions of pml and helps mediate the proapoptotic effects of as(2)o(3)." SIGNOR-124244 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000938 9346240 t lperfetto "Experiments in this study reveal that akt phosphorylates bad both in vitro and in vivo and that akt-mediated phosphorylation of bad effectively blocks bad induced cell death.[...] In addition, these findings implicate a particular phosphorylation site on bad, serine 136, in the suppression of bad-mediated death by akt.[...]The Phosphorylation of bad may lead to the prevention of cell death via a mechanism that involves the selective association of the phosphorylated forms of bad with 14-3-3 protein isoforms. Akt phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo we show that growth factor activation of the pi3'k/akt signaling pathway culminates in the phosphorylation of the bcl-2 family member bad, thereby suppressing apoptosis and promoting cell survival. Akt phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo erbb-mediated phosphorylation of bad by akt promotes survival by blocking the interaction of this pro-apoptotic molecule with bcl-2 and bcl-x proteins" SIGNOR-244148 MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9020361 f amattioni "Nik stimulates nf-kappab activity" SIGNOR-46212 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT FCRL6 protein Q6DN72 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 12695521 f lperfetto "Microphthalmia transcription factor and PU.1 synergistically induce the leukocyte receptor osteoclast-associated receptor gene expression." SIGNOR-268966 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser843 DVRLSRGsIDREDGS 9606 15845548 t gcesareni "Furthermore, activated camkii directly phosphorylated the recombinant cooh-terminal region of fak at a residue equivalent to ser-843." SIGNOR-135631 RRAGA protein Q7L523 UNIPROT RAGAC complex SIGNOR-C113 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20381137 t gcesareni "Mammals express four Rag proteins€”RagA, RagB, RagC, and RagD€”that form heterodimers consisting of RagA or RagB with RagC or RagD. RagA and RagB, like RagC and RagD, are highly similar to each other and are functionally redundant" SIGNOR-228164 S3I-201 chemical CHEBI:91224 ChEBI STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194847 AATF protein Q9NY61 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 23146908 t "Chromatin immunoprecipitation in combination with siRNA-mediated knockdown revealed that recruitment of AATF and ZIPK to the PSA enhancer was dependent on AR, whereas recruitment of TSG101 was dependent on AATF." SIGNOR-253669 NKX2-1 protein P43699 UNIPROT TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001073 27347897 t scontino "TSH regulates TPO expression through the cAMP pathway and acts with thyroid-specific transcription factors such as TTF-1, TTF-2 and Pax-8." SIGNOR-267278 propranolol chemical CHEBI:8499 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 10079020 t Luana "Similarly, the binding affinities of ICI 118–551, CGP 20712A, propranolol, bupranolol and CGP 12177 for human β1-, β2- and β3-adrenoceptors correlate with their affinities at human β1- (P=0.04), β2- (P=0.01)" SIGNOR-258334 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 FLMECRNsPVTKTPP 9606 BTO:0000007 11691836 t lperfetto "The 4E-BPs inhibit translation in a reversible manner. Hypophosphorylated 4E-BPs interact avidly with eIF4E, whereas 4E-BP hyperphosphorylation, elicited by stimulation of cells with hormones, cytokines, or growth factors, results in an abrogation of eIF4E-binding activity.|These results are at variance with reports that have characterized the 4E-BP1/eIF4E interaction utilizing recombinant 4E-BP1 proteins phosphorylated in vitro with ERK, and harboring alanine substitutions at Thr 37, Thr 46, Thr 70, and Ser 83 |phosphorylation of either Thr 46 or Ser 65 was reported to result in a decrease in eIF4E binding" SIGNOR-249390 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr664 EGGWMEDyDYVHLQG 11604500 t lperfetto "FAK phosphorylates CAS-SBD tyrosines 668 and/or 670, driving an SH2-mediated recruitment of Src which then phosphorylates CAS-SD." SIGNOR-249111 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT MAP3K14 protein Q99558 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 20682767 t gcesareni "Ciap1/2 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 and 2) ubiquitinate nik for degradation." SIGNOR-167298 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 11493009 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Specifically, the complex formation between PTP-SL and ERK2 involves an unusual interaction leading to the phosphorylation of PTP-SL by ERK2 at Thr253 and the inactivating dephosphorylation of ERK2 by PTP-SL." SIGNOR-270147 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT TNFAIP3 protein P21580 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 18246070 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that the regulatory molecule tax1bp1 recruited the e3 ligase itch to a20 via two 'ppxy' motifs. Itch was essential for the termination of tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling by controlling a20-mediated recruitment and inactivation of rip1. (abstract)" SIGNOR-160621 "Brivanib alaninate" chemical CID:11154925 PUBCHEM FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190717 TAF12 protein Q16514 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263924 HMGB2 protein P26583 UNIPROT GFI1B protein Q5VTD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19965638 f miannu "HMGB2 binds to the GFI1B promoter in vivo and up-regulates its trans-activation most likely by enhancing the binding of Oct-1 and, to a lesser extent, of GATA-1 and NF-Y to the GFI1B promoter." SIGNOR-254429 FLCN protein Q8NFG4 UNIPROT RRAGD protein Q9NQL2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 24095279 t "The folliculin tumor suppressor is a GAP for the RagC/D GTPases that signal amino acid levels to mTORC1 [..} RagC/D is a key regulator of the interaction of mTORC1 with the Rag heterodimer and that, unexpectedly, RagC/D must be GDP-bound for the interaction to occur" SIGNOR-256504 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser623 ALDFQPSsPSPHRKP 9606 15356145 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb2-associated binder 2 on serine 623 by erk mapk regulates its association with the phosphatase shp-2 and decreases stat5 activation.We and others have demonstrated that il-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of gab2 and its interaction with its sh2 domain-containing partners, shp-2, p85 pi3k, and crkl (5, 26, 27). we report that pretreatment of kit 225 cells with the mek inhibitor u0126, strongly decreased the characteristic shift of gab2 in response to il-2 and increased gab2/shp-2 association, an effect that could be ascribed to erk phosphorylation of serine 623." SIGNOR-128731 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser381 GYSFVAPsILFKRNA 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "Msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758. Of these sites, the n-terminal t-loop residue ser-212 and the 'hydrophobic motif' ser-376 are phosphorylated by the c-terminal kinase domain of msk1, and their phosphorylation is essential for the catalytic activity of the n-terminal kinase domain of msk1 and therefore for the phosphorylation of msk1 substrates in vitro." SIGNOR-131395 TUBGCP3 protein Q96CW5 UNIPROT "g-TuRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C282 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 31862189 t lperfetto "Here, we present a cryo-EM reconstruction of the native human gamma-TuRC at 3.8A resolution, revealing an asymmetric, cone-shaped structure. Pseudo-atomic models indicate that GCP4, GCP5, and GCP6 form distinct Y-shaped assemblies that structurally mimic GCP2/GCP3 subcomplexes distal to the gamma-TuRC “seam.”" SIGNOR-262327 PP121 chemical CHEBI:50915 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206298 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser947 CRLNRSDsDSSTLSK 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t llicata "Moreover, we found that rsk1/2 specifically phosphorylates kibra at two highly conserved sites (thr(929) and ser(947)) in vitro and in cells. Rsk-mediated phosphorylation is required for kibra binding to rsk1, but not rsk2." SIGNOR-203302 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gln711 PTYKFFEqMQN -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261790 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18676376 t lperfetto "Calcineurin dephosphorylates members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)2 transcription factor family, allowing NFAT to translocate to the nucleus where it cooperates with other transcription factors to induce transcription of target genes." SIGNOR-252321 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t miannu "Pim kinases phosphorylate multiple sites on Bad and promote 14-3-3 binding and dissociation from Bcl-XL. pim kinases are constitutively active when expressed in HEK-293 cells and are able to phosphorylate the Bcl-2 family member Bad on three residues, Ser112, Ser136 and Ser155 in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-259423 STAG2 protein Q8N3U4 UNIPROT RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 28430577 t miannu "Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved complex composed of four core proteins (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and either STAG2 or STAG1) that form a ring-shaped structure able to encircle chromatin" SIGNOR-261511 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser166 SSRRRAIsETEENSD 9606 11504915 t lperfetto "Mitogen-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3-kinase) and its downstream target, the akt/pkb serine-threonine kinase, results in phosphorylation of mdm2 on serine 166 and serine 186. Phosphorylation on these sites is necessary for translocation of mdm2 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.Both akt expression and serum treatment induced phosphorylation of mdm2 at ser186." SIGNOR-116270 ASXL3 protein Q9C0F0 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 25450400 t miannu "Here, we showed that ASXL3 interacts with HP1α and LSD1, leading to transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-266764 N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:125619 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207779 SYNE4 protein Q8N205 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263288 NLGN3 protein Q9NZ94 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9HDB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264167 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 21440011 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FoxOs by Akt inhibits transcriptional functions of FoxOs and contributes to cell survival, growth and proliferation.The PI3K/Akt signaling regulates cell proliferation and survival in part by phosphorylating FoxOs to promote their interaction with 14-3-3 protein that results in nuclear exclusion and eventual ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP)-dependent degradation of FoxOs" SIGNOR-252833 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT STC2 protein O76061 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18394600 t Giorgia "With the ChIP assay, we demonstrated the direct binding of HIF-1alpha to STC2 promoter. These findings support the notion that HIF-1 is a potent stimulator of STC2 expression. Collectively, this is the first report to show that STC2 was aberrantly hypermethylated in human cancer cells. The findings demonstrated that STC2 epigenetic inactivation may interfere with HIF-1 mediated activation of STC2 expression." SIGNOR-260389 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT SMAD1/5/8 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF35 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22298955 f "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "Neogenin, a transmembranous protein, was reported to regulate bmp receptor association with lipid raft, where bmp induces canonical smad1/5/8 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-269848 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21993628 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-176748 SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 30267828 t miannu "The best-studied SNARE-complex is the one formed between three proteins, VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25, that mediate fast exocytosis in neuronal cells." SIGNOR-263967 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser326 PPKMWKTsPDPSPVS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248378 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT E2F6 protein O75461 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser52 EDNVQYVsMRKALKV -1 23954429 t miannu "the checkpoint kinase Chk1 phosphorylates E2F6 leading to its dissociation from promoters." SIGNOR-266371 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser527 PHLDGPPsPRSPVIG 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29590-4" gcesareni "We conclude that phosphorylation by map kinase cascades potentiates the antiproliferative functions of pml and helps mediate the proapoptotic effects of as(2)o(3)." SIGNOR-124252 STING1 protein Q86WV6 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24622840 t miannu "MAVS also interacts with STING that locates at the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), and induces the ubiquitination and dimerization of STING. The activated STING recruits TBK1 and IRF3 and contributes to the phosphorylation of IRF3 mediated by TBK1." SIGNOR-260153 orantinib chemical CHEBI:91088 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207438 CNOT3 protein O75175 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268301 phosphatidylethanolamine chemical CHEBI:16038 ChEBI Inner_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C411 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "The lipid composition of the IMM varies from that of the OMM. PC and PE are still the most abundant phospholipids in the IMM, comprising about 75 % of total lipids.|One of the biggest differences between OMM and IMM lipid composition is the greater concentration of CL that is found in the IMM. Here, CL makes up about 15–20 % of the total phospholipid mass" SIGNOR-267002 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257616 TRIM5 protein Q9C035 UNIPROT TRIM5 protein Q9C035 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 18312418 t miannu "Here, we show that TRIM5alpha functions as a RING-finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase both in vitro and in vivo and ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. Thus, the ubiquitination of TRIM5alpha is catalyzed by itself and Ro52. Unexpectedly, although TRIM5alpha is ubiquitinated, our results have revealed that the proteasome inhibitors MG115 and MG132 do not stabilize it in HeLa cells, suggesting that the ubiquitination of TRIM5alpha does not lead to proteasomal degradation. Importantly, TRIM5alpha is clearly conjugated by a single ubiquitin molecule (monoubiquitination). Our monoubiquitin-fusion assay suggests that monoubiquitination is a signal for TRIM5alpha to translocate from cytoplasmic bodies to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-271671 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT STAP2 protein Q9UGK3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 10980601 t gcesareni "The phosphorylation of and association with bks by brk was also dependent on the sh2-like domain present within bks.bks is a substrate for the kinase activity of brk and has the characteristics of an adaptor protein." SIGNOR-81489 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG3-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C507 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270896 lenalidomide chemical CHEBI:63791 ChEBI CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22552008 t miannu "Our biophysical, biochemical and gene silencing studies show that CRBN is a proximate, therapeutically important molecular target of lenalidomide and pomalidomide." SIGNOR-259284 MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257385 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22578813 t miannu "We identified the KLHL25-CUL3 complex as the E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets hypophosphorylated 4E-BP1. Thus, the activity of eIF4E is under homeostatic control via the regulation of the levels of its repressor protein 4E-BP1 through ubiquitination." SIGNOR-272051 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2V1 protein Q13404 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271355 BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 14585074 t "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" amattioni "Bax and/or bak-mediated release of pro-apoptotic mediators including smac/diablo and omi" SIGNOR-118908 18-hydroxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16485 ChEBI aldosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:27584 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268686 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser327 ELPTRVSsPVFGATS 9606 BTO:0000567 15485915 t lperfetto "Ser327 site is a Ser-Pro site, a preferred phosphorylation site by cyclin-dependent kinases|Unlike wild-type CtIP, the S327A mutant did not bind to BRCA1 BRCT domains in vitro (Fig. ​(Fig.1C)1C) and failed to associate with BRCA1 in vivo (Fig. ​(Fig.1D),1D), suggesting that residue Ser327 of CtIP is critical for the CtIP-BRCA1 interaction." SIGNOR-263227 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr224 DSNSKKIyGSQPNFN -1 12573241 t "Itk phosphorylated Bmx-SH3 to a low extent. pY positions correspond to the residues Y215 and Y223 in Bmx. Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (TFKs) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop." SIGNOR-251332 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270383 FBXW8 protein Q8N3Y1 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 EEVDLACtPTDVRDV 17205132 t miannu "We next investigated whether in vitro ubiquitination of cyclin D1 through the SCF-like (SCFL) complex FBXW8 (SKP1-CUL7-FBXW8-RBX1/SCFLFBXW8) requires phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 (Fig. 3F). Polyubiquitination through SCFLFBXW8 was dramatically reduced by the depletion of ERK2 (lane 2). Furthermore, cyclin D1 polyubiquitination was largely prevented by the alanine-for-Thr286 substitution (T286A, lane 3), suggesting that phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 is necessary for ubiquitination by SCFLFBXW8." SIGNOR-271624 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12433373 t flangone "Coimmunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated association of socs-1 with irak...This Finding suggests that socs-1 might suppress myd88-dependent signal pathways at least by binding to irak" SIGNOR-95528 BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys377 NEPSLQSkLQDEANY 9606 16603398 t amattioni "In this report, we show that ciap1 and ciap2 promote cancer cell survival by functioning as e3 ubiquitin ligases that maintain constitutive ubiquitination of the rip1 adaptor protein." SIGNOR-145855 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT STMN2 protein Q93045 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 EAPRTLAsPKKKDLS 9606 11718727 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that purified scg10 can be phosphorylated by two subclasses of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun n-terminal/stress-activated protein kinase (jnk/sapk) and p38 map kinase;jnk3/sapkbeta phosphorylation occurs at ser-62 and ser-73, residues that result in reduced microtubule-destabilizing activity for scg10." SIGNOR-112114 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30860024 f lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair." SIGNOR-269323 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT PIMREG protein Q9BSJ6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser131 GAQKGSGsPTHSLSQ 9606 23419774 t lperfetto "Cats is a substrate of kis and mapped the phosphorylation site to cats serine 131 (s131). Kis enhances the transcriptional repressor activity of cats" SIGNOR-192702 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1175 AQQDGKDyIVLPISE 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 17658244 t gcesareni "Binding of vegf to the receptor induces dimerisation and autophosphorylation of specific intracellular tyrosine residues. Activation of intracellular cascades results in proliferation, migration, survival and increased permeability." SIGNOR-157089 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 ATRGRGSsVGGGSRR 9606 BTO:0002552 19749799 t lperfetto "Pim1 phosphorylates and negatively regulates ask1-mediated apoptosispim1 phosphorylation of ask1 on ser83 inhibited ask1-mediated c-jun n-terminal kinase phosphorylation" SIGNOR-187905 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR LDHB protein P07195 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7673128 t lperfetto "Deletional and mutational analysis of the function of mouse LDH-reporter fusion gene constructs in transient transfection assays defined three domains, between -41 and -84 base pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site, which were crucial for oxygen-regulated expression. The most important of these, although not capable of driving hypoxic induction in isolation, had the consensus of a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) site, and cross-competed for the binding of HIF-1 with functionally active Epo and phosphoglycerate kinase-1 sequences" SIGNOR-267653 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PIK3R6 protein Q5UE93 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr607 SHRPREVtVSLRATG 25753393 t lperfetto "P84 forms a negative regulatory complex with p110gamma to control PI3Kgamma signalling during cell migration|However, phosphorylation at this site was confirmed using an in vitro kinase assay in which Akt kinase was shown to readily phosphorylate Thr607 using a p84 peptide (Figure 1e), where Thr607 in conjunction with surrounding residues forms an Akt kinase consensus sequence|In contrast, although p84-T607A exhibited basal p110γ dimerisation, this interaction could not be further induced with stimulation" SIGNOR-275723 ATIC protein P31939 UNIPROT 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58467 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The last two steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the bifunctional AICAR transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC). The transformylase domain of the enzyme first catalyzes the conversion of AICAR to formylaminoimida zole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (FAICAR) using the N10-formyltetrahydrofolate. Then, the cyclohydrolase domain closes the purine ring to form IMP." SIGNOR-267327 DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16975 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269656 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1109 FDEIELAyRRRPPRS -1 11024032 t "Tyr-932, Tyr-1039, Tyr-1070, Tyr-1109, Tyr-1252, Tyr-1336, and Tyr-1472 are Fyn-mediated phosphorylation sites in GluRε2 in vitro." SIGNOR-251171 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser207 TSVRRRTsFYLPKDA 9606 SIGNOR-C18 18071316 t llicata "This skp2-dependent destruction of rassf1a requires phosphorylation of the latter on serine-203 by cyclin d-cyclin-dependent kinase 4." SIGNOR-159849 CCKBR protein P32239 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256908 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ITPKB protein P27987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 9374536 t miannu "Two isoforms of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase have been identified, the A form and the B form. phosphorylation of isoform A by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase increased activity 1.5-fold, whereas phosphorylation of isoform B decreased activity by 45%. major phosphorylation sites in the protein are Ser119 for PKA. Ser119 in the A isoform is conserved in the B isoform as Ser328" SIGNOR-249995 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 18451154 t gcesareni "On tgf-beta treatment, the e3 ubiquitin ligase arkadia mediates degradation of ski in a smad-dependent manner" SIGNOR-178598 PRSS21 protein Q9Y6M0 UNIPROT RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 11875078 t miannu "Rad21 is a component of the cohesin complex that holds sister chromatids together during mitosis and repairs double-strand dna breaks. Interestingly, rad21 is cleaved by a caspase-like esp1/separase at the onset of anaphase to trigger sister chromatid separation." SIGNOR-115426 GFs stimulus SIGNOR-ST12 SIGNOR AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 23300340 f lperfetto "Akt normally resides in the cytosol under serum-starved conditions, but translocates to the plasma membrane where it is subsequently phosphorylated and activated in response to growth factor treatment. Phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and at Ser473 by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) is required for full Akt activation" SIGNOR-245405 PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr531 FTATEPQyQPGENL 10090 BTO:0000255 9535845 t "In a coexpression system, PTPalpha effected a dose-dependent tyrosine dephosphorylation and activation of p59(fyn), where maximal dephosphorylation correlated with a 5-fold increase in kinase activity.|the increased p59fyn catalytic activity and SH2 availability for binding are consistent with a PTPα-mediated dephosphorylation of the C-terminal Tyr-531 of p59fyn." SIGNOR-248435 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 14707117 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we demonstrate that pstpip serves as a scaffold protein between ptp-pest and wasp and allows ptp-pest to dephosphorylate wasp. This finding suggests a possible mechanism for ptp-pest to directly modulate actin remodeling through the pstpip-wasp interaction." SIGNOR-121136 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser281 SGTPSSAsPALSRRG 10090 17213202 t lperfetto "Serines 281 and 285 of the nfat3 protein might be target amino acids of rsk2 phosphorylationrsk2 induced nuclear localization of nfat3. Rsk2 phosphorylated nfat3 in vitro (km=3.559 microm), and activation of nfat3 by rsk2 enhanced the promoter activity of nfat3 downstream target genes in vivo." SIGNOR-234465 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206361 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT GRAP protein Q13588 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 23399893 t gcesareni "We show that the grb2-related adapter protein, gads, also associates with bcr-abl, specifically through y177 and demonstrate that bcr-abl-driven lymphoid disease requires gads" SIGNOR-200871 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 23032366 f lperfetto "PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation by upregulating p27 and p15 and suppressing Cdc25A." SIGNOR-245441 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1675 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248773 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RPL10 protein P27635 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser168 GRQKIHIsKKWGFTK -1 9016777 t lperfetto "Moreover, QM is phosphorylated by PKC and the extent of phosphorylation by PKC is correlated with the extent of inhibition of binding of QM to c-Jun. " SIGNOR-248958 CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "Calpains also modulate the activity of CDK5. Physiologically, CDK 5 is activated by p35 and its cleaved product p25. The latter has a longer half life than p35 and therefore it is a more potent activator of CDK5. The cleavage of p35 to p25 is mediated by calpain" SIGNOR-251583 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT ADAMTS5 protein Q9UNA0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21337390 f miannu "The inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA induced OA-like gene expression changes, namely the significant down-regulation of aggrecan and up-regulation of COL10A1 and ADAMTS-5." SIGNOR-255140 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260101 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr247 VKGKSDPyHATSGAL 9606 BTO:0000671 24849651 t lperfetto "Tc-ptp dephosphorylates cx43 residues y247 and y265, dephosphorylation maintained cx43 gap junctions at the plaque and partially reversed the channel closure caused by v-src-mediated phosphorylation of cx43." SIGNOR-205097 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser661 NVPDPSKsHIAQWSP -1 8511589 t lperfetto "The biological functions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are mediated through a signal-transducing component of the IL-6 receptor, gp130, which is associated with the ligand-occupied IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) protein. Binding of IL-6 to IL-6R induced disulfide-linked homodimerization of gp130. Tyrosine kinase activity was associated with dimerized but not monomeric gp130 protein. Substitution of serine for proline residues 656 and 658 in the cytoplasmic motif abolished tyrosine kinase activation and cellular responses but not homodimerization of gp130." SIGNOR-238625 GAD1 protein Q99259 UNIPROT "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32041144 t miannu "Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a unique pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which exhibits several well-known physiological functions." SIGNOR-267552 RFX3 protein P48380 UNIPROT FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "RFX3 acts as a transcriptional co-activator to FOXJ1 that enhances the expression of cilia-associated genes. FOXJ1 is an important regulator of cilia gene expression during ciliated cell differentiation, with RFX3 as a transcriptional co-activator to FOXJ1, helping to induce the expression of cilia genes in the process of ciliated cell differentiation of basal/progenitor cells." SIGNOR-266929 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT SLCO1B3 protein Q9NPD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 15840840 t lperfetto "PRL enhanced the binding of Stat5a to the OATP1B3 promoter and DNA-protein binding was inhibited in competition assays by excess OATP1B3 and Stat5 consensus oligomers but not by mutant Stat5 oligomers.|PRL and GH induction of Oatp1b2 and OATP1B3 promoter activity required cotransfection of Stat5a and PRLRL or GHR." SIGNOR-268990 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH11 protein P55287 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265829 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT SET protein Q01105-2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SAPAAKVsKKELNSN 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 23374587 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01105-2" miannu "Ckii-mediated phosphorylation at ser9 hinders nuclear import of set" SIGNOR-200806 clofarabine chemical CHEBI:681569 ChEBI PRIM2 protein P49643 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1707752 t miannu "Effects of 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 Cellular Metabolism and the Inhibition of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase and DNA Polymerases by Its 5′-Triphosphate.The effect of Cl-F-ara-ATP on human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma isolated from K562 cells grown in culture was determined and compared with those of Cl-dATP and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine triphosphate (F-ara-ATP). Cl-F-ara-ATP was a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha.Cl-F-ara-ATP was not a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta, DNA polymerase gamma, or DNA primase." SIGNOR-258360 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "Myog/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C94 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 17194702 t miannu "Upon the expression of myogenin, myogenin, mef2d, and brg1 localize to the myogenin promoter to maintain myogenin expression./ Swi/snf chromatin-remodeling activity is required for myogenin expression in differentiated skeletal muscle" SIGNOR-151706 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002314 18177723 f miannu "Altogether, these data demonstrate that IL-6 loss results in deficient STAT3 signaling in activated satellite cells, leading to their reduced proliferation and myogenic progression, and highlight the major role played by the IL-6/STAT3 axis in controlling these processes during compensatory hypertrophy." SIGNOR-255632 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257929 Telatinib chemical CID:9808844 PUBCHEM KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207227 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VCL protein P18206 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1101 NAQNLMQsVKETVRE -1 11741957 t lperfetto "PKC Phosphorylates Serines 1033 and 1045 in Helix H5" SIGNOR-249128 PCM1 protein Q15154 UNIPROT NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 15659651 t miannu "Recruitment of nek2 and c-nap1 to the centrosome is dependent on pcm-1" SIGNOR-133337 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one chemical CHEBI:77954 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 11160424 t lperfetto "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity." SIGNOR-244930 MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12220515 t gcesareni "This result suggests that ZAK activates JNK/SAPK mediated by downstream target, MKK7" SIGNOR-243342 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001253 10940313 t gcesareni "Itch binds to the n-terminal portion of the notch intracellular domain via its ww domains and promotes ubiquitination of notch through its hect ubiquitin ligase domain." SIGNOR-80702 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr384 LCEDLPGtEDFVGHQ -1 8662852 t "we report the identification of the sites of GRK2- and GRK5-mediated beta2AR phosphorylation. six are phosphorylated by GRK5 (Thr-384, Thr-393, Ser-396, Ser-401, Ser-407, and Ser-411)." SIGNOR-251199 N-methyl-N-[3-[[[2-[(2-oxo-1,3-dihydroindol-5-yl)amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]methanesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:91370 ChEBI PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206067 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21133840 t miannu "RIP-1 recruitment of MEKK-3 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)-activated kinase (TAK1) subsequently activates the IKK (inhibitor of Œ∫B kinase) complex" SIGNOR-256024 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr345 GADSDVEtPSNFGKY 9606 BTO:0000007 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262986 PDE3A protein Q14432 UNIPROT ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000199 25593322 t lperfetto "Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity by phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) in human myocardium: phosphorylation-dependent interaction of PDE3A1 with SERCA2.|PDE3A co-localized with PLB, SERCA2, and an AKAP18 variant|our studies show that PDE3-selective inhibition (but not PDE4 inhibition) potentiates the phosphorylation of PLB by endogenous PKA and stimulation of SERCA2 activity and Ca2+ uptake in SR-enriched vesicles prepared from human myocardium." SIGNOR-262051 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT STAT4 protein Q14765 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser721 PSDLLPMsPSVYAVL 10090 BTO:0000944 10961885 t "MKK6, phosphorylate STAT4 on serine 721. IL-12 induces STAT4 phosphorylation on serine 721 and that mutation of serine 721 interferes with STAT4 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-251425 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1303 NKLRRQHsYDTFVDL BTO:0003036 8940188 t llicata "By peptide mapping, automated sequencing, and mass spectrometry, we identified the major site of phosphorylation on the fusion protein as Ser-383, corresponding to Ser-1303 of full-length NR2B. The Km for phosphorylation of this site in the fusion protein was approximately 50 nM, much lower than that of other known substrates for CaM kinase II, suggesting that the receptor is a high affinity substrate. We show that serine 1303 in the full-length NR2B and/or the cognate site in NR2A is a major site of phosphorylation of the receptor both in the postsynaptic density fraction and in living hippocampal neurons." SIGNOR-250688 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr154 ICLEDIHtSRVVAHV 9606 17568776 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of pirh2 by calmodulin-dependent kinase ii impairs its ability to ubiquitinate p53" SIGNOR-156068 CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT MAD2L1 protein Q13257 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19282672 t Giulio "These data indicate that CDK5RAP2 is a positive regulator of both the BUBR1 promoter and the MAD2 promoter" SIGNOR-260313 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr566 SLNQEDIyITTESLT 10029 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248421 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12832467 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) regulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase docking and RSK activity.Erk-activates the rsk family of serine/threonine kinases,rsk1, rsk2, and rsk3." SIGNOR-102648 ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 27426034 f miannu "Our study demonstrates that ANXA1 can be phosphorylated by PKC and is subsequently translocated to the nucleus of BV-2 microglial cells after OGD/R, resulting in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. we set out to examine the relationship between the different subcellular distributions of ANXA1 and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. When BV-2 microglial cells were transfected with ANXA1-S27A constructs following by OGD/R treatment, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were found to be expressed at lower levels than those of control groups" SIGNOR-261940 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261661 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:83767 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18662546 t miannu "The SIRT1 catalytic reaction involves the breakdown of one NAD+ molecule for each deacetylated acetyl lysine and the generation of nicotinamide and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose." SIGNOR-267963 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 9020188 t lperfetto "The stat1 and stat2 proteins are present in the cytoplasm of untreated cells;upon stimulation with ifn-g they become rapidly activated by tyrosine phosphorylation at a single site catalyzed by receptor associated jak (janus) kinases." SIGNOR-236239 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23430109 t lperfetto "AP24534 also inhibited SRC (IC50: 5.4 nM) and members of the VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR families of receptor tyrosine kinases (Table 1 and Table S1)" SIGNOR-261984 "MECP2/SIN3A/HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C360 SIGNOR BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 14593184 t Luana "Moreover, increased Bdnf transcription involves dissociation of the MeCP2–histone deacetylase–mSin3A repression complex from its promoter." SIGNOR-265071 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PKMYT1 protein Q99640 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser426 CSLLLDSsLSSNWDD -1 12738781 t miannu "Here, we have shown that Plk1 is responsible for part of the phosphorylation of Myt1 during M phase. The kinase activity of human Myt1 is reported to be decreased during M phase, and the decreased activity correlates with hyperphosphorylated forms of Myt1 (35, 37). We then tested the ability of these mutant forms of Myt1 (GST fusion proteins), to serve as a substrate for Plk1 in vitro. Quantification of the result (Fig. 5C) showed that Ser-426 is the major phosphorylation site by Plk1 in vitro and Thr-495 the second major site." SIGNOR-263096 ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-267101 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser294 APMAPGRsPLATTVM 9606 BTO:0000150 10655479 t miannu "Phosphorylation of human progesterone receptors at serine-294 by mitogen-activated protein kinase signals their degradation by the 26s proteasome" SIGNOR-74712 corticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16827 ChEBI 18-hydroxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16485 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268674 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242634 EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001802 16488997 f "Ezrin is indispensable for Six1-induced metastasis and highly expressed in a panel of representative pediatric cancers." SIGNOR-259375 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 31776402 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of KDM5B at Ser1456 attenuated the occupancy of KDM5B on the promoters of pluripotency genes." SIGNOR-273450 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser172 GQLVRNDsLWHRSDS 9606 26816379 t gcesareni "A screen for substrates of AMPK identified mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), a mitochondrial outer-membrane receptor for DRP1, the cytoplasmic guanosine triphosphatase that catalyzes mitochondrial fission." SIGNOR-249656 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000093 8415704 t "PML-RAR alpha chimera cooperates with c-Jun and, strikingly, with c-Fos to stimulate the transcription of both synthetic and natural reporter genes containing an AP-1 site" SIGNOR-259940 KCNIP4 protein Q6PIL6 UNIPROT KCND2 protein Q9NZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 8355 BTO:0000964 24811166 t Luisa "KChIP4 increased the current amplitude of Kv4.2, decelerated the inactivation, and accelerated the recovery from inactivation of Kv4.2. KChIP.is known to promote the translocation of Kv4.2 from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi to the cell surface" SIGNOR-269004 UNC13B protein O14795 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 31679900 f miannu "N-terminal interactions of RIMs with RAB3 and MUNC13 regulate DCV fusion. Through N-terminal interactions, RIMs position MUNC13 and recruit DCVs via RAB3, which is located on the vesicle. MUNC13 is proposed to tether synaptic vesicles by bridging between vesicle and plasma membrane via its C2C-domain and C1/C2B-domains" SIGNOR-264386 "Rix1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C373 SIGNOR "Ribosome biogenesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH164 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 22190736 f miannu "In this study, we show that LAS1L forms a protein complex with PELP1, TEX10, NOL9, SENP3, and WDR18. Our data demonstrate that all the components of the LAS1L complex cosediment with the pre-60S ribosomal particle and are required for proper processing of the 32S rRNA intermediate.These findings demonstrate that the LAS1L complex is critical for ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation and provide additional evidence that multiple protein complexes have distinct functions in the synthesis of eukaryotic ribosomes." SIGNOR-265473 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11432829 t gcesareni "This function correlated with the ability of ptp-pest to induce dephosphorylation of shc, pyk2, fak and cas, and inactivate the ras pathway." SIGNOR-109035 IRF2 protein P14316 UNIPROT TAP1 protein Q03518 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15778351 f miannu "We also show that this cytokine-dependent expression of TAP1 transcripts depends on STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2), but not on IRF-1, and provide evidence that IRF-2 constitutively binds to the TAP1 gene promoter and enhances TAP1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-254530 4-methyl-3-[[1-methyl-6-(3-pyridinyl)-4-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91447 ChEBI RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194922 IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22810696 t lperfetto "These results strongly suggest that the IGF2–IGF1R–IRS2 axis signals to PI3K in CRC and imply that therapeutic targeting of the pathway could act to block PI3K activity in this subset of patients." SIGNOR-251492 NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15758953 t gcesareni "Nbs1 can also immobilize atm at the site of the dsb via direct binding of atm to a c-terminal atm interaction motif on nbs1 . the mre11/rad50/nbs1 (mrn) complex maintains genomic stability by bridging dna ends and initiating dna damage signaling through activation of the atm" SIGNOR-134508 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268583 CDH10 protein Q9Y6N8 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265850 CHD3 protein Q12873 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263843 MCM3 protein P25205 UNIPROT MCM complex SIGNOR-C268 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19946136 t "The Mcm2-7 complex serves as the eukaryotic replicative helicase, the molecular motor that both unwinds duplex DNA and powers fork progression during DNA replication." SIGNOR-261673 CEP43 protein O95684 UNIPROT MAPRE1 protein Q15691 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16314388 t miannu "Fop also binds to eb1 and is required for localizing eb1 to the centrosome" SIGNOR-142400 NGFR protein P08138 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14699954 f amattioni "Neurotrophin binding to p75ntr has also been shown to induce apoptosis" SIGNOR-256655 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1044 WNLVSPDsPRSIDSN 9606 7777512 t gcesareni "Indeed, phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the low-affinity lif receptor alpha-subunit (lifr) in mono q-fractionated, lif-stimulated 3t3-l1 extracts occurred only in those fractions containing activated mapk;ser-1044 served as the major phosphorylation site in the human lifr for mapk both in agonist-stimulated 3t3-l1 lysates and by recombinant extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 in vitro" SIGNOR-32753 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate" SIGNOR-264688 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15077116 t gcesareni "P53 interacts with the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial membrane protein bak" SIGNOR-124122 NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 16697957 f miannu "NKX3.1 stabilizes p53.NKX3.1 can physically associate with HDAC1 and promotes p53 acetylation by recruiting HDAC1 from p53-MDM2-HDAC1 complex" SIGNOR-251548 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr275 TTGTKSNtPTSSVPS 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134533 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser364 FGQRDRSsSAPNVHI 9606 10869359 t gcesareni "We show that phosphorylation of b-raf by akt occurs at multiple residues within its aminoterminal regulatory domain, at both the conserved and unique phosphorylation sites. Akt phosphorylated b-raf on s364 and s428 to inactivate its kinase activity." SIGNOR-78693 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 17300219 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" gcesareni "The n-terminal domain of maml1 directly interacts with both p300 and histones, and the p300-maml1 complex specifically acetylates histone h3 and h4 tails in chromatin." SIGNOR-153038 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT HAT1 protein O14929 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser190 MWFIETAsFIDVDDE -1 28143904 t lperfetto "Together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylated DNMT1-Ser730, RBBP7-Ser314, and HAT1-Ser190|AMPK increased HAT1 activity through phosphorylation of HAT1-Ser190 and RBBP7-Ser314" SIGNOR-264782 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 9160889 t 2 miannu "USF specifically interacts with Fra1. USF was repressing this modest Fra1 transactivation" SIGNOR-240975 PI-103 chemical CHEBI:90524 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206172 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr551 RYVLDDEyTSSVGSK 9606 11226282 t lperfetto "We have demonstrated that BLNK mediates Syk-dependent Btk activation. In a reconstitution cell system, coexpression of BLNK allows Syk to phosphorylate Btk on its tyrosine 551, leading to the enhancement of Btk activity." SIGNOR-247586 FBXO8 protein Q9NRD0 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000675 31024008 t miannu "Here, we show that loss of FBX8 accelerates chemical-induced colon tumorigenesis. FBX8 directly targets GSTP1 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation in CRC." SIGNOR-272307 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CCDC88A protein Q3V6T2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1417 INRERQKsLTLTPTR 9606 16139227 t llicata "Akt phosphorylates serine at position 1416 in girdin, and phosphorylated girdin accumulates at the leading edge of migrating cells." SIGNOR-140216 PGD protein P52209 UNIPROT "D-ribulose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17363 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "6 PG undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) producing Ru5P and the second NADPH molecule." SIGNOR-267061 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser684 GSSTRKDsIPQVLLP 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "Screening for potential mediators of this effect resulted in the identification of the Rac1-specific GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP17 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF6 as new PKA and PKG substrates in platelets. We mapped the PKA/PKG phosphorylation sites to serine 702 on ARHGAP17 using Phos-tag gels and to serine 684 on ARHGEF6. |we show that ARHGEF6 is constitutively linked to GIT1, a GAP of Arf family small G proteins, and that ARHGEF6 phosphorylation enables binding of the 14-3-3 adaptor protein to the ARHGEF6/GIT1 complex." SIGNOR-272159 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 16153436 t gcesareni "We hypothesized that ret could directly phosphorylate fak and erk. erk 2 could be phosphorylated at y187 (y204 in erk1)." SIGNOR-140294 ADX-47273 chemical CID:11383075 PUBCHEM MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "Selleck|inferred from family member" gcesareni SIGNOR-270276 IL2 protein P60568 UNIPROT TNFSF10 protein P50591 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22128144 f miannu "We observe that the CD8(+) T-cell autocrine growth factor IL-2 coordinately increases Nab2 expression and decreases TRAIL expression." SIGNOR-253895 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 17868033 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Apicidin inhibited rhHDACs 2 and 3 in the nanomolar range." SIGNOR-261128 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser970 HSQCLNSsPLSHHSQ 9606 11369754 t lperfetto "These findings strongly suggest that rip phosphorylates mekk1 at ser-957 and ser-994." SIGNOR-108257 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 16140393 t lperfetto "Mib physically interacts with Delta and promotes its ubiquitination and internalization [66], which have been shown to up-regulate Notch activity." SIGNOR-209750 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12270934 t lbriganti "Mek1 as indicated by extensive phosphorylation of erk1 and erk2 during the initial 2 h of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-210176 MAT2B protein Q9NZL9 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000599 23325603 f miannu "MAT2B and GIT1 regulate cell growth and increase ERK activity.GIT1 and MAT2B (V1 and V2) require one another to regulate growth and activate ERK" SIGNOR-261246 NCOA4 protein Q13772 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10347167 t miannu "We demonstrated that ara70 and ar physically interact and that ara70 can function as an androgen-dependent coactivator for ar." SIGNOR-67684 acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 20952656 t miannu "ACC catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting and first committed step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Two isoforms of ACC exist in mammals, ACC1 and ACC2, and both enzymes function to carboxylate acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA" SIGNOR-267108 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser381 CIPTAGMsPSRSNTI 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249395 MMP19 protein Q99542 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272363 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272364 GC protein P02774 UNIPROT "vitamin D" smallmolecule CHEBI:27300 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000759 30080183 t lperfetto "Vitamin D-binding protein transports vitamin D to the liver, where it undergoes 25-hydroxylation by CYP2R1. CYP27B1 further hydroxylates 25-hydroxyvitamin D at the 1-alpha position, resulting in the formation of the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D." SIGNOR-270566 "vincaleukoblastine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:9984 ChEBI TUBG1 protein P23258 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15579115 t miannu "Tubulin binding molecules have generated considerable interest after the successful introduction of the taxanes into clinical oncology and the widespread use of the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. These compounds inhibit cell mitosis by binding to the protein tubulin in the mitotic spindle and preventing polymerization into the MTs." SIGNOR-259259 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser235 IAKRRRLsSLRASTS 9606 17360704 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that while ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1) phosphorylates rps6 at all sites, rsk exclusively phosphorylates rps6 at ser(235/236) in vitro and in vivo using an mtor-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-153618 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 9606 12792650 t lperfetto "Inhibition of caspase-9 through phosphorylation at Thr 125 by ERK MAPK" SIGNOR-101544 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr275 TTGTKSNtPTSSVPS 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134572 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 10464286 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-70428 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003697 18583320 t "Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that this region of the StAR promoter was bound by C/EBPalpha, C/EBPbeta, and CREB. Forced expression of either C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta alone was sufficient to up-regulate StAR promoter activity whereas PGE(2) was needed to induce StAR promoter activity in CREB-overexpressed cells." SIGNOR-254043 TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1055 VPEGHEYyRVREDGD 9606 BTO:0000452 8702790 t lperfetto "These results indicate that tyk2 is activated by phosphorylation on tyr-1054 and/or tyr-1055The K930R mutant, bearing a mutation in the ATP binding site, is catalytically inactive (Fig. 3B, lanes 5 and 6). This protein is not basally phosphorylated, while the wt and the Y1054F/Y1055F proteins are (Fig. 3A), suggesting that autophosphorylation is responsible for the basal level of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-43092 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT AGO2 protein Q9UKV8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 SKLMRSAsFNTDPYV 9606 18476811 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of argonaute 2 at serine-387 facilitates its localization to processing bodies, akt3-mediated phosphorylation of ago2 is a molecular switch between target mrna cleavage and translational repression activities of ago2" SIGNOR-178416 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 9606 BTO:0000007 19759537 t "Using a quantitative chemical proteomic approach, we discovered that XAV939 stabilizes axin by inhibiting the poly-ADP-ribosylating enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2. Both tankyrase isoforms interact with a highly conserved domain of axin and stimulate its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-261248 AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268709 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25460509 t miannu "One of the hallmarks of EMT is loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin expression, which are regulated by the core EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as Zeb1/2, Snai1/2 and Twist1. Here, we find that EMT-TFs can be dynamically degraded by an atypical ubiquitin E3 ligase complex Skp1-Pam-Fbxo45 (SPFFbxo45) through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The key step is recognition of EMT-TFs by Fbxo45 through its SPRY domain for Zeb2, or F-box domain for the other three EMT-TFs Snai1, Snai2 and Twist1, respectively." SIGNOR-272181 PCSK5 protein Q92824 UNIPROT OXT protein P01178 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0001073 11690596 t miannu "Oxytocin-extended form is further cleaved by enzymatic activity to yield the nine-amino-acid active peptide, OT. The proteolysis may involve several pro-hormone convertases, convertase 2 (PC2) (20p11-1-11.2) and convertase 5 (PC5) (9q21.3) (Gabreels et al 1998). Both enzymes are found in OT neurosecretory vesicles and are a part of a family of subtilisen/kexinlike convertases (Seidah et al 1994). It is a product of the OT gene located at human gene locus 20p13 (Rao et al 1992). The processing cascade results in the production of neurophysin I and OT extended form (OT-X), which is OT with a C-terminal, three-amino-acid extension." SIGNOR-270327 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12433372 f irozzo "Using these progenitors and a conditionally activatable PU.1 protein, we show that PU.1 can negatively regulate expression of the GATA-2 gene.The above experiments suggested that PU.1 may physiologically downregulate the expression of the GATA-2 gene during the differentiation of myeloid progenitors into macrophages." SIGNOR-256069 UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000785 14713952 t lperfetto "Intact ring and zinc finger domains are required for tnfalfa-induced traf2 ubiquitination, which is also dependent on ubc13. Traf2 ubiquitination coincides with its translocation to the insoluble cellular fraction, resulting in selective activation of jnk. Ubc13 expression by rnai resulted in tnfalfa-induced traf2 translocation and impaired activation of jnk but not of ikk or p38." SIGNOR-121274 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NR4A2 protein P43354 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr132 SSPPTPTtPGFQVQH 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 17681692 t llicata "We have shown that erk2 is a kinase to phosphorylate nurr1 on multiple sites. S126 and t132, which are located near af1 core of nurr1, are dominant sites phosphorylated by erk2. reporter gene assays show that nurr1delta124-133/t185a, an erk2 phospho-site mutant form, could not further increase its transcriptional activity on th promoter, suggesting that nurr1 phosphorylation by erk2 may regulate its transcriptional activity on th promoter." SIGNOR-157171 Glutaminolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH119 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 22749528 f Luana "Glutaminolysis Is Required for the Activation of mTORC1 by Leucine and Glutamine" SIGNOR-268007 COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17452440 t lperfetto "Mammalian det1 regulates cul4a activity and forms stable complexes with e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes" SIGNOR-154514 CAPN3 protein P20807 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25969760 t lperfetto "Thus, it has been shown that calpain cleaves the inhibitory domain of GSK3 generating two fragments of 40 and 30 kDa. This cleavage enhanced activity of the kinase" SIGNOR-251607 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA11 protein Q9Y5H2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265690 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 17259970 t milica "Il-7r signalling is initiated when il-7 crosslinks the extracellular domains of il-7ralpha and gammac, bringing together jak1 and jak3, which mutually phosphorylate each other, increasing their kinase activity." SIGNOR-152914 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser139 EEWTRHGsFVNKPTR 9606 16963224 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29353-2" gcesareni "Pkc delta phosphorylates p52shca at ser29 to regulate erk activation in response to h2o2." SIGNOR-149398 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT MTURN protein Q8N3F0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 GDNFHVWsESEDCLP -1 28704656 t miannu " INKIT interacted with IKKα/β and TBK1/IKKɛ, impairing the recruitment and phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3. Viral infection induced IKK-mediated phosphorylation of INKIT at Ser58, resulting in its dissociation from the IKKs. Our findings thus uncover INKIT as a regulator of innate antiviral responses." SIGNOR-273612 GCSAM protein Q8N6F7 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31362927 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate that the adaptor protein HGAL, specifically expressed in GC lymphocytes and GC-derived lymphomas, directly binds to Grb2 upon BCR activation and negates the inhibitory effects of Grb2 on the BCR-induced biochemical signaling cascade. " SIGNOR-273608 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT JADE1 protein Q6IE81 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser18 EDSDDNGsLSTTWSQ 9606 BTO:0000007 25100726 t done miannu "We demonstrate that the destruction complex component casein kinase 1α (CK1α) phosphorylates Jade-1 at a conserved SLS motif and reduces the ability of Jade-1 to inhibit β-catenin signaling. " SIGNOR-273618 ABT-737 chemical CID:11228183 PUBCHEM BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 17200714 t gcesareni "A cell-permeant compound, abt-737, binds with high affinity to bcl2, bcl2l1, and bcl2l2, antagonizes their antiapoptotic function, and induces apoptosis in select human tumor cell lines, primary patient-derived cells." SIGNOR-151790 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1430 LGYVPHPsSLSGSLP 9606 16513652 t gcesareni "We find that ckiepsilon binds to lrp5 and lrp6 in vitro and in vivo and identify three ckiepsilon-specific phosphorylation sites in lrp6. Two of the identified phosphorylation sites, ser1420 and ser1430, influence wnt signaling in vivo," SIGNOR-145053 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21544813 f lperfetto "Screening by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and PCR arrays revealed that cyclin E1, CDK2, Fos and Jun were negatively regulated by ARNT, whereas CDKN1C, CNKN2A, CDKN2B, MAPK11 and MAPK14 were positively regulated in HCC" SIGNOR-253696 MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 RQNPSRCsVSLSNVE 9606 BTO:0000007 10978317 t lperfetto "The results suggest that MNK1 or a closely related kinase is responsible for in vivo phosphorylation of cPLA2 on Ser-727." SIGNOR-226633 MFN1 protein Q8IWA4 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH218 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25486875 f lperfetto "OPA1, MFN1 and MFN2 are essential mediators of the sequential fusion of the outer and inner membranes of adjacent mitochondria" SIGNOR-272984 PPM1F protein P49593 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr423 PEQSKRStMVGTPYW 10116 11864573 t "The p21-activated kinase PAK is negatively regulated by POPX1 and POPX2, a pair of serine/threonine phosphatases of the PP2C family|POPX Can Dephosphorylate and Downregulate PAK| To confirm that POPX2 acts on αPAK phospho-Thr422, a key regulator of activity in the kinase activation loop [9], we used phospho-specific antibodies against αPAK P-Thr422 (Figure 3B, lower panel), which proved to be an excellent substrate for POPX2. Similarly, complete loss of αPAK P-Ser57 with 0.2 μg POPX2 contrasts with the slight loss observed with 1.5 μg PP1. On the basis of these results, we suggest PAK is a substrate of POPX." SIGNOR-248531 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser377 PPFNPNVsGPNDLRH -1 12023960 t miannu "The present study is the first report of a protein kinase (NEK6) capable of phosphorylating the hydrophobic motif of SGK1, although our data suggest that NEK6 may not mediate this reaction in cells. Nevertheless, the phosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif of SGK1in vitro, coupled with the phosphorylation of the T-loop with PDK1, may be a useful way of generating fully active wild type SGK1. Ser377 and Ser422of SGK1, and the CDK7 T-loop peptide, which are phosphorylated by NEK6." SIGNOR-250296 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 8548810 t lperfetto "The c-iaps associate with traf1 and traf3" SIGNOR-39527 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11259588 t miannu "Cd148 can dephosphorylate lat and plc?1 In vitro. / plc?1 Undergoes inducible tyrosine phosphorylation following tcr stimulation (46), and this phosphorylation is required to stimulate its catalytic activity" SIGNOR-105790 GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr492 QDVGAFStVKGVAFD -1 1527025 t "The major autophosphorylation site yielded the following sequence: DVGAFS488T489VKGVAFEK, where Ser488 and Thr489 are phosphorylated. Additionally, a minor autophosphorylation site was identified at Ser21. we speculate that autophosphorylation of RK may lower the affinity of the enzyme for Rho* via repulsion between phosphorylated sites on Rho* and the kinase." SIGNOR-251188 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29167 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269484 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr309 LRKGRGEtRICKIYD 9606 15665856 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that chk1 interacts with rad51, and that rad51 is phosphorylated on thr 309 in a chk1-dependent manner" SIGNOR-133375 tri-mu-sulfido-mu3-sulfido-triiron chemical CHEBI:21137 ChEBI SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. Four nuclear genes encode the four subunits, SDHA (15 exons), SDHB (8 exons), SDHC (6 exons) and SDHD (4 exons), mapping on to chromosomes 5p15, 1p35-p36.1, 1q21 and 11q23, respectively." SIGNOR-267734 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr969 VSECPHTyQNRRPFS 10090 BTO:0001516 16627759 t lperfetto "In vitro mapping of FLT3 autophosphorylation sites|Tryptic peptides covering more than 80% of the FLT3 kinase domain were recovered, and 5 tyrosine residues (Y591, Y726, Y842, Y955, and Y969) within this region were phosphorylated." SIGNOR-271920 CDKL5 protein O76039 UNIPROT CDKL5 protein O76039 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr169 EGNNANYtEYVATRW -1 16935860 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we show that CDKL5 can self-associate and mediate the phosphorylation of its own TEY (Thr-Glu-Tyr) motif." SIGNOR-262289 IGF2 protein P01344 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9281335 t fspada "Therefore, these results provide genetic evidence that the growth-promoting function of igf-ii during mouse embryogenesis is mediated in part by signaling through the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-50719 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 11916967 f lperfetto "Transcription assays demonstrated that liganded ar repressed beta-catenin/t cell factor-responsive reporter gene activity" SIGNOR-116260 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 21640712 t lperfetto "These data indicated that PLK1 phosphorylates CDC25B and that pre-phosphorylation of CDC25B by CDK1/CyclinB enhances its substrate properties for PLK1 in vitro" SIGNOR-267560 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 9606 22865920 t lperfetto "When phosphorylated by camk/pkd, class iia hdacs bind 14-3-3 chaperone proteins, which facilitates their nuclear export, thereby relieving hdac-mediated transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-198662 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29168 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269485 CBLL1 protein Q75N03 UNIPROT ANXA2 protein P07355 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31952268 t miannu "By immunoprecipitation, we present evidence that Hakai interacts with Hsp90 chaperone complex in several epithelial cells and demonstrate that is a novel Hsp90 client protein. Interestingly, by overexpressing and knocking-down experiments with Hakai, we identified Annexin A2 as a Hakai-regulated protein. Interestingly, geldanamycin-induced Hakai degradation is accompanied by an increased expression of E-cadherin and Annexin A2." SIGNOR-271473 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1693 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273045 UBASH3B protein Q8TF42 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15159412 t gcesareni "Sts-1 and sts-2 contain sh3 domains that interacted with cbl, ub-associated domains, which bound directly to mono-ub or to the egfr/ub chimera as well as phosphoglycerate mutase domains that mediated oligomerization of sts-1/2. Ligand-induced recruitment of sts-1/sts-2 into activated egfr complexes led to inhibition of receptor internalization, reduction in the number of egfr-containing endocytic vesicles, and subsequent block of receptor degradation followed by prolonged activation of mitogenic signaling pathways." SIGNOR-124897 ENMD-2076 chemical CID:16041424 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191466 YIF1B protein Q5BJH7 UNIPROT HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000938 18685031 t nucleus lperfetto "Together, our results provide strong evidence that Yif1B is a member of the ER/Golgi trafficking machinery, which plays a key role in specific targeting of 5-HT(1A)R to the neuronal dendrites. This finding opens up new pathways for the study of 5-HT(1A)R regulation by partner proteins and for the development of novel antidepressant drugs.|We confirmed 5-HT(1A)R-Yif1B interaction by glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments using rat brain extracts and transfected cell lines." SIGNOR-268299 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr371 TQEQYELyCEMGSTF 10090 BTO:0000944 11997497 t "Insulin receptor phosphorylates Cbl on tyrosines 371, 700, and 774 in the presence of APS. This phosphorylation event is required for the recruitment of Crk to the CAP/Cbl complex and for the subsequent activation of GLUT4 translocation." SIGNOR-251304 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257968 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr200 LPLLVQRtIARTIVL -1 8576253 t "giulio giuliani" "From our present data, it is not easy to deduce the mechanistic significance of serine 172 and threonine 176 of TŒ≤R-I in TGF-Œ≤ signaling. Although it was reported that TGF-Œ≤-induced phosphorylation of these residues was not detected in vivo(22), it is still possible that TŒ≤R-II may phosphorylate these residues as minor phosphorylation site(s)." SIGNOR-255962 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR LCN2 protein P80188 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15536164 f miannu "Biglycan, NGAL, and MMP-9 are transcriptionally up-regulated by NF-kappaB, a transcription factor that is activated in FAP nerves and SG." SIGNOR-254796 TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT PERP protein Q96FX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21965674 f miannu "SATB2 attenuates p63-mediated gene expression of perp (p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22), a critical downstream target gene during development, and specifically decreases p63 perp promoter binding." SIGNOR-255136 superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "precursor of" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272284 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Ala36 PESKATNaTLDPRSF -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus" SIGNOR-263575 NEUROG1 protein Q92886 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 18400164 f lperfetto "While the mechanisms by which Ngn2 promotes neurogenesis have been characterized, little is known about how Ngn2 confers neuronal cell-type identity during spinal cord development. Ngn1 and Ngn2, two mammalian orthologs of the Drosophila proneural bHLH gene atonal, are expressed in overlapping patterns throughout the developing nervous system and act as important regulators of developmental neurogenesis" SIGNOR-265172 NRXN2 protein P58401 UNIPROT NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626545 t miannu "The neurexin–NL2 interaction is sufficient to induce GABAergic differentiation and clustering of GABAARs at postsynaptic sites" SIGNOR-265455 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CCNF protein P41002 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr31 RRRPRNLtILSLPED 9606 BTO:0001938 28954236 t miannu "AKT phosphorylation of cyclin F enhances its stability and promotes assembly into productive E3 ligase complexes." SIGNOR-266360 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr171 RGTLRKGtLGSKGQK -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273488 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 GDRSGYSsPGSPGTP 9606 BTO:0000142 20308788 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau appears to be crucial in neurofibrillary degeneration in alzheimer's disease (ad). Gsk-3beta phosphorylated tau at many sites, with ser199, thr205, and ser396 being the most favorable sites in cells." SIGNOR-164651 SP2 protein Q02086 UNIPROT IRF1 protein P10914 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000552 19482358 t miannu "Sp2 could be also able to interact with IRF-1 and this interaction is also observed on DNA indicating that by this way Sp2 is able to modulate IRF-1 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-226478 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser455 PAPSRTAsFSESRAD 10116 BTO:0000443 12107176 t gcesareni "Taken together, these results demonstrate that serine 454 of ATP-citrate lyase is a novel and major in vivo substrate for protein kinase B." SIGNOR-245259 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249647 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation Lys113 KNELKHVkYCQYAFD 9606 12621041 t gcesareni "The mh1 domain of smad4 was shown to associate physically with ubc9, the ubiquitin carrier protein (e2) conjugating enzyme in sumoylation. In cultured cells, smad4 is modified by sumo-1 at the endogenous level. The sumoylation sites were identified as two evolutionarily conserved lysine residues, lys-113 and lys-159, in the mh1 domain. We found that the mutations at lys-113 and lys-159 did not alter the ability of smad4 to form a complex with smad2 and fast on the mix.2 promoter. Importantly, sumo-1 overexpression enhanced tgf-beta-induced transcriptional responses. These findings identify sumoylation as a unique mechanism to modulate smad4-dependent cellular responses" SIGNOR-98993 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT ELMO1 protein Q92556 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr18 AIEWPGAyPKLMEID 9606 15952790 t llicata "We previously showed that elmo1 binds directly to the hck sh3 domain and is phosphorylated by hck. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify the following sites of elmo1 phosphorylation: tyr 18, tyr 216, tyr 511, tyr 395, and tyr 720. Mutant forms of elmo1 lacking these sites were defective in their ability to promote phagocytosis and migration in fibroblasts." SIGNOR-138142 BDNF protein P23560 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 32603820 f miannu "BDNF is a central driver of synaptic plasticity and memory formation and its decreased levels may contribute to the degeneration of specific neuronal populations and progressive atrophy of neurons in the AD-affected brain" SIGNOR-265063 ZDHHC2 protein Q9UIJ5 UNIPROT AKAP5 protein P24588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation Cys129 KSRLKIPcIKFPRGP 10116 25589740 t "Here, we report that the recycling endosome-resident palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC2 interacts with and palmitoylates AKAP79/150 to regulate these plasticity signaling mechanisms" SIGNOR-261289 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPV5 protein Q9NQA5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser299 FLELVVSsDKREARQ 9606 17006539 t gcesareni "A cell permeable analog of DAG increased TRPV5 activity within 30 min via protein kinase C activation of the channel since mutation of TRPV5 at the putative PKC phosphorylation sites S299 and S654 prevented the stimulatory effect of TK." SIGNOR-149948 ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT MUC4 protein Q99102 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001861 19757157 t lperfetto "Through promoter screening, overexpressing methods and luciferase reporter studies, we found that transcription factors CREB, Ets-1, Elk-1 and STAT1 can positively regulate MUC4 expression at the promoter and mRNA level." SIGNOR-254096 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser257 PGVVMASsPALPTQP 9606 20573984 t lperfetto "Ere we found that homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (hipk2), a dna-damage responsive nuclear kinase, is a new creb kinase for phosphorylation at ser-271 but not ser-133, and activates creb transactivation function" SIGNOR-166338 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr658 SDFEGFSyVNPQFVH 9606 BTO:0000830 12881490 t lperfetto "We present evidence that Tyr-662 and Tyr-658 of PKCbetaI and PKCalpha, respectively, are phosphorylated by Syk in the membrane compartment of FcepsilonRI-stimulated mast cells. These phosphorylations require prior PKC autophosphorylation of the adjacent serine residues (Ser-661 and Ser-657, respectively) and generate a binding site for the SH2 domain of the adaptor protein Grb-2." SIGNOR-246581 NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12297508 t gcesareni "We show that mammalian aph-1 (maph-1), a conserved multipass membrane protein, physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human cell lines and in rat brain. Similar to the loss of presenilin or nicastrin, the inactivation of endogenous maph-1 using small interfering rnas results in the decrease of presenilin levels, accumulation of gamma-secretase substrates (app carboxyl-terminal fragments), and reduction of gamma-secretase products (amyloid-beta peptides and the intracellular domains of app and notch)." SIGNOR-93313 BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 14672706 f lperfetto "Forced expression of Clock/Bmal increased endogenous Dec1 mRNA level, and overexpression of Dec1 resulted in suppression of Dec2, Per2, and Dbp expression" SIGNOR-253717 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser53 LPPFEDEsEGLLGTE 9606 19647517 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of mcm2 by cdc7 promotes pre-replication complex assembly during cell-cycle re-entry" SIGNOR-187400 desipramine chemical CHEBI:47781 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9400006 t miannu "In the SERT, the TCAs amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine and chloroimipramine were 4.5 to 10 times more potent (table 3) at the human SERT.in the SERT, the TCAs amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine and chloroimipramine were 4.5 to 10 times more potent (table 3) at the human SERT.Thus, amitriptyline, imipramine, nortriptyline and desipramine showed high affinity for the SERT, particularly the human version, and for the NET in which the secondary amines were more potent." SIGNOR-258679 SH3GL1 protein Q99961 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25517094 f miannu "Endocytosis is required for internalization of micronutrients and turnover of membrane components. Endophilin has been assigned as a component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-263885 TRIP13 protein Q15645 UNIPROT MCC complex SIGNOR-C382 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25092294 t miannu "We have indeed showed that TRIP13 action to disassemble the Cdc20–Mad2 complex requires the presence of p31comet (Fig. 3A). We furthermore found that the joint action of TRIP13 and p31comet is also required for the release of Mad2 from MCC, for the complete disassembly of MCC and for relieving APC/C from checkpoint inhibition (Figs. 3 and ​and4).4)." SIGNOR-265972 PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258751 tetrabenazine chemical CHEBI:9467 ChEBI SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 8643547 t miannu "Reserpine and ketanserin are slightly more potent inhibitors of VMAT2-mediated transport than of VMAT1-mediated transport, whereas tetrabenazine binds to and inhibits only VMAT2." SIGNOR-258491 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "Yap and taz are two main downstream effectors of the hippo pathway, and they function as transcription co-activators to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis." SIGNOR-199217 KAT8 protein Q9H7Z6 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 27758890 t "Overexpression of Myc-KAT8 increased the acetylation level of endogenous FASN by 2.2-fold (Fig. 3C). In contrast, knockdown of KAT8 decreased endogenous FASN acetylation by as much as 55%" SIGNOR-267366 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ATXN1 protein P54253 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser775 ATRKRRWsAPESRKL 9606 BTO:0000567 12757707 t "Interaction of Ataxin-1 and 14-3-3 Requires Akt Phosphorylation at S776. 14-3-3 protein, a multifunctional regulatory molecule, mediates the neurotoxicity of ataxin-1 by binding to and stabilizing ataxin-1, thereby slowing its normal degradation." SIGNOR-252561 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2448 RSRTRTDsYSAGQSV 9606 15905173 t lperfetto "Importantly, phosphorylation of mTOR by S6K1 occurs at threonine 2446/serine 2448. This region has been shown previously to be part of a regulatory repressor domain. These sites are also constitutively phosphorylated in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 carrying an amplification of the S6K1 geneit has been proposed that other inputs, in addition to phosphorylation of Thr-2446/Ser-2448 by S6K1, are part of the mechanism involved in inhibiting this repressor domain" SIGNOR-137251 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser24 QAAPKAPsKKEKKKG 9606 10542228 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis revealed that a dab2 ser(24) phosphorylation mutant (s24a) abrogated the inhibitory function of dab2." SIGNOR-71764 GMPS protein P49915 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24462112 t miannu "In response to genotoxic stress or nucleotide deprivation, gmps becomes nuclear and facilitates p53 stabilization by promoting its transfer from mdm2 to a gmps-usp7 deubiquitylation complex." SIGNOR-204409 PPP1R1C protein Q8WVI7 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 18310074 t lperfetto "IPP5, a novel inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1, suppresses tumor growth and progression of cervical carcinoma cells by inducing G2/M arrest" SIGNOR-275726 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20626350 f gcesareni "Such phosphorylation is required for tace mediated ectodomain shedding of tgfalfa family ligands, which results in the activation of egfr and cell proliferation." SIGNOR-166568 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 18192505 f "Inhibition of FLT3/ITD leads to a small decrease in RAC1 activity" SIGNOR-261536 NCAPD2 protein Q15021 UNIPROT "Condensin I" complex SIGNOR-C341 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263905 GDF6 protein Q6KF10 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C29 16049014 t gcesareni "We found that transfection of small hairpin rna for bmprii and actriia in mc3t3 cells suppressed the signaling of gdf6, gdf7, and bmp10. Thus, the present approach provides a genomic paradigm for matching paralogous polypeptide ligands with a limited number of evolutionarily related receptors capable of activating specific downstream smad proteins." SIGNOR-139093 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ALYREF protein Q86V81 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr219 GGGTRRGtRGGARGR 9606 18562279 t llicata "Nuclear akt directly binds aly and phosphorylates it on the t219 residue. gfp-aly t219d displayed comparable activity to gfp control and wild-type aly, indicating that aly phosphorylation by akt is sufficient to enhance mrna export." SIGNOR-252518 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT FZD7 protein O75084 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0001103 23290138 t apalma "Our previous work has demonstrated that ligation of Wnt7a to Fzd7 activates the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway […] Therefore, we conclude that the Fzd7/Sdc4 co-receptor complex binds both Wnt7a and FN." SIGNOR-255845 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser331 KSKGRASsSGNQESS 9606 BTO:0000567 19861535 t lperfetto "In vitro and in vivo experiments show that phosphorylation of s331 is mediated by chk1, the s-phase checkpoint kinase implicated in the fanconi anemia dna repair pathway. phosphorylation at this site is dependent on chk1, signifying the importance of the s-phase checkpoint in the activation of fanconi anemia pathway." SIGNOR-107042 ZFYVE9 protein O95405 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9865696 t lperfetto "We now identify SARA (for Smad anchor for receptor activation), a FYVE domain protein that interacts directly with Smad2 and Smad3. SARA functions to recruit Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptor by controlling the subcellular localization of Smad2 and by interacting with the TGFbeta receptor complex." SIGNOR-62874 "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27023846 f miannu "Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) perform protein synthesis inside mitochondria, the organelles responsible for energy conversion and adenosine triphosphate production in eukaryotic cells." SIGNOR-261487 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT ZNF746 protein Q6NUN9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000793 21376232 t miannu ". Parkin ubiquitinates and regulates the ubiquitin proteasomal degradation of PARIS " SIGNOR-272758 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT TIAM1 protein Q13009 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 20654717 t gcesareni "This latter work suggested that inactive smo prevents rac1 activation by interacting with the rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (gef) t-lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (tiam1). This smo-tiam1 complex dissociates upon shh-mediated activation of smo, thus allowing tiam1 to activate rac1" SIGNOR-167070 FZD8 protein Q9H461 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000971 21078818 t amattioni "Ligands such as Wnt1, Wnt3a, and Wnt8 couple the seven-transmembrane domain receptor Frizzled (Fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) to activate Wnt–Beta-catenin signaling." SIGNOR-169635 DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23111325 t gcesareni "In this study, we demonstrate that dll1 can activate notch signaling mostly through notch2 receptor and can contribute to drug resistance to bortezomib, both in murine and human mm cells." SIGNOR-199320 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 KELEKRAsGQAFELI 9606 14645234 t gcesareni "Pak1 phosphorylates op18/stathmin specifically at serine 16 and inactivates its catastrophe promoting activity in biochemical and time lapse microscopy microtubule assembly assays. Furthermore, phosphorylation of either serine 16 or 63 is sufficient to inhibit op18/stathmin in vitro." SIGNOR-119483 EIF2AK1 protein Q9BQI3 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 24714526 t miannu "HRI is an intracellular heme sensor that coordinates heme and globin synthesis in erythropoiesis by inhibiting protein synthesis of globins and heme biosynthetic enzymes during heme deficiency. HRI is a heme-regulated kinase that phosphorylates the α-subunit of eIF2 in heme deficiency, impairing another round of translational initiation and thereby inhibiting translation." SIGNOR-251817 NDUFA11 protein Q86Y39 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)" SIGNOR-262142 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT SERPINB2 protein P05120 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254856 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10976919 t gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr)." SIGNOR-81446 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002590 17487558 f miannu "Immunoblot analysis showed that HEY/si-TWIST cells exhibited decreased expression levels of CD29, CD44 and CD54 compared to those of HEY/si-scrambled cells" SIGNOR-255517 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu68 VEETCSYeEAFEALE -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263681 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser235 IAKRRRLsSLRASTS 10090 15809305 t lperfetto "A knockin mouse carrying mutations at all phosphorylation sites in the primary s6k substrate, ribosomal protein s6 (rps6), has provided insight into the physiological role of this protein phosphorylation event. Of the many known substrates of s6k1, it is rps6 that has been shown to be directly involved, via its phosphorylation, in controlling cell size." SIGNOR-135172 melatonin smallmolecule CHEBI:16796 ChEBI MTNR1A protein P48039 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257545 MBD1 protein Q9UIS9 UNIPROT MGMT protein P16455 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 15657354 f "Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of methyl-CpG binding domain containing proteins detected a greater amount of MeCP2, MBD1, and CAF-1 bound to the MGMT promoter in MGMT-silenced cells. Our findings implicate specific MBD proteins in methylation-mediated transcriptional silencing of MGMT." SIGNOR-254036 PABPC1 protein P11940 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30209168 t miannu "The binding of PABP to mRNA poly(A) tails is followed by interactions with eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF4G) and other translation factors, including eIF4E, to constitute a translation initiation complex, which mediates cellular mRNA circularization and enhances cap-dependent translation by facilitating ribosome recycling" SIGNOR-260968 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1913 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120148 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser416 GFPSKTDsPSCEYSR 9606 BTO:0000007 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262978 TOMM70 protein O94826 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 12526792 t miannu "The Tom70 receptor is a membrane-localized cochaperone that integrates the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones with mitochondrial preprotein targeting and translocation. In mammals, preprotein in the cytosol is associated with both Hsp90 and Hsp70 in a multichaperone complex, and docking of Hsp90 and/or Hsp70 onto Tom70 is essential for preprotein targeting." SIGNOR-261379 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253633 ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000960;BTO:0002062 15958056 f irozzo "We thus conclude that TEL is also an accelerator for erythroid differentiation upon cytokine stimulation in human hematopoietic cells. We demonstrated in the present study that TEL accelerates erythroid differentiation induced by a physiological cytokine EPO in human leukemia cell line UT-7/GM." SIGNOR-256017 acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI Fatty_Acid_Biosynthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH190 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 10893421 f "Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the first committed step of the fatty acid synthetic pathway. Although ACC has often been proposed to be a major rate-controlling enzyme of this pathway, no direct tests of this proposal in vivo" SIGNOR-267383 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 SIGNOR-C5 15340381 t gcesareni "Scfb-trcp has recently been shown to degrade phosphorylated cdc25a in the s and g2 phases." SIGNOR-128436 NLGN4Y protein Q8NFZ3 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9HDB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264168 (S)-duloxetine chemical CHEBI:36795 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18387300 t Luana "Selective inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake (SNRI) has been shown to be an attractive dual pharmacology approach for the treatment of a number of diseases.1,2 For example, dual 5- HT/NA reuptake inhibitor duloxetine (1) has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of depression, pain, and urinary incontinence." SIGNOR-257776 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr686 IITEYCRyGDLVDYL 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000527 19275932 t gcesareni "These data are exciting as they indicate that abl kinases not only are activated by pdgfr and promote pdgfr-mediated proliferation and migration,but also act in an intricate negative feedback loop to turn-off pdgfr-mediated chemotaxis." SIGNOR-184552 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 LSTPVVLsPGPQKP 10090 BTO:0000944 7889942 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that elk-1, a protein closely related to p62tcf in function, is a nuclear target of two members of the map kinase family, erk1 and erk2, erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324,t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-235463 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10828059 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-2" gcesareni "These straddle the target residue, ser(579), for erk2 phosphorylation of pde4d3. Mutation of either or both of these docking sites prevented erk2 from being co-immunoprecipitated with pde4d3, ablated the ability of epidermal growth factor to inhibit pde4d3 through erk2 action in transfected cos cells, and attenuated the ability of erk2 to phosphorylate pde4d3 in vitro." SIGNOR-270174 RPE protein Q96AT9 UNIPROT "D-ribulose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17363 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267065 NAT8L protein Q8N9F0 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57288 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19524112 t miannu "The biosynthetic enzyme, aspartate-N-acetyltransferase (Asp-NAT; EC 2.3.1.17) is a CNS specific enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetate from acetyl-CoA to L-aspartate forming NAA." SIGNOR-267522 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser261 TSGEDTLsDSDDEDD -1 1425701 t llicata "Analysis of phosphorylation sites in synthetic peptides of this acidic region identified the major sites phosphorylated by CKII as Ser261 and Ser263." SIGNOR-251014 trimethyl-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]ammonium chemical CHEBI:94038 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258649 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT BCL10 protein O95999 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000661 15082780 t miannu "The HECT domain ubiquitin ligases NEDD4 and Itch promote ubiquitination and degradation of Bcl10, thus downmodulating NF-kappa B activation. " SIGNOR-271414 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10880350 t lperfetto "Pp1 is a substrate for nek2 and phosphorylation of pp1gamma(1) on two c-terminal sites reduces its phosphatase activity. / threonine-307 and -318 appear to be equally well phosphorylated by nek2" SIGNOR-264655 DUSP2 protein Q05923 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 8626452 t fstefani "Pac1 and mkp-1 previously have been implicated in the in vivo inactivation of erk or of erk and jnk, respectively." SIGNOR-40915 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14625384 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-119229 FGF1 protein P05230 UNIPROT FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1385111 t gcesareni "Our results establish an fgf binding profile for fgfr-4 with afgf having the highest affinity, followed by k-fgf/hst-1 and bfgf. In addition, fgf-6 was found to bind to fgfr-4 in ligand competition experiments. Ligands binding to fgfr-4 induced receptor autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of a set of cellular polypeptides." SIGNOR-18454 "alvocidib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:90998 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192458 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT ANKRD26 protein Q9UPS8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000843 24430186 t lperfetto "In healthy individual, RUNX1/FLI1 complex negatively regulates ANKRD26 gene expression in MKs." SIGNOR-266069 OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257155 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267419 A-966492 chemical CID:16666333 PUBCHEM PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205698 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser194 QNRSGAMsPMSWNSD 9606 15001534 t gcesareni "The results clearly show that fadd phosphorylation at ser194 affects functions both upstream and downstream of the mekk1/mkk7/jnk1 pathway and is closely associated with chemosensitivity in prostate cancer cells" SIGNOR-123164 P2RY13 protein Q9BPV8 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257143 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 27561354 t miannu " Here, we identify the Cullin3 E3 ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-like protein 15 (KLHL15) as a new interaction partner of CtIP and show that KLHL15 promotes CtIP protein turnover via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272412 SNRNP40 protein Q96DI7 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270644 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT E2F3 protein O00716 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser124 PALGRGGsGGGGGPP 9606 19917728 t llicata "These results suggest that e2f3a is directly phosphorylated by chk kinases and that the phosphorylation of serine 124 is required for the posttranslational induction of e2f3a protein by chemotherapy." SIGNOR-161758 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19805059 t miannu "GR directly regulates transcription of circadian clock components in mouse and human primary MSCs. Per2, E4bp4, Per1, and Timeless rapidly respond to glucocorticoid stimulation. Primary glucocorticoid receptor (GR) target genes are those at which GR occupies a nearby genomic glucocorticoid response element (GRE) and regulates target gene transcription" SIGNOR-268049 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10487978 t "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-267413 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr529 TITKTVEyLHAQGVV 9606 BTO:0000007 18156174 t llicata "Together, our findings suggest that src-dependent phosphorylation at tyr-529 facilitates inactive erk binding to rsk2, which might be a general requirement for rsk2 activation by egf through the mek/erk pathway." SIGNOR-160052 SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15265865 t miannu "Synapsins, a family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins, have been demonstrated to regulate the availability of synaptic vesicles for exocytosis by binding to both synaptic vesicles and the actin cytoskeleton in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-269187 D-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:30659 ChEBI THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0003736 6777394 t "inferred from 70% of family members" miannu "The high levels of circulating D-T4 and presumably of circulating D-T3 originating from the peripheral conversion of D-T4 achieved after the chronic administration of D-T4 (Choloxin) may be responsible for a high degree of saturation of the human pituitary nuclear T3 receptors, thus resulting in the suppression of the TRH-induced TSH response." SIGNOR-269878 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 15713663 f areggio "Collectively, these studies suggest an important role of cyclin D1 in regulation of PPARgamma-mediated adipocyte differentiation through recruitment of HDACs to regulate PPAR response element local chromatin structure and PPARgamma function." SIGNOR-258981 ODC1 protein P11926 UNIPROT putrescine smallmolecule CHEBI:17148 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14617280 t miannu "Arginase generates ornithine, an aminoacid that can be further metabolized to proline via ornithine aminotransferase and to polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)" SIGNOR-256034 "Neurofibrillary tangle formation" phenotype SIGNOR-PH58 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11578751 f lperfetto "Alzheimer's disease, the cause of one of the most common types of dementia, is a brain disorder affecting the elderly and is characterized by the formation of two main protein aggregates: senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are involved in the process leading to progressive neuronal degeneration and death" SIGNOR-251641 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT TRPC3 protein Q13507 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16331690 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q13507-3" llicata "The present study demonstrates that human trpc3 expressed in hek293 cells forms store-operated ca2+ influx channels, the activity of which is inhibited by pkg. The inhibition is due to a direct phosphorylation of pkg on trpc3 channels at position t11 and s263." SIGNOR-142964 STYK1 protein Q6J9G0 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser90 IPPARMMsTESANSF 9606 BTO:0000007 31696776 t lperfetto "We also demonstrated that STYK1 elevated the serine phosphorylation of BECN1, thereby decreasing the interaction between BECN1 and BCL2. |The results indicated that the level of BECN1 S90 phosphorylation significantly increased after STYK1 overexpression, but not STYK1K147R mutant.|STYK1 promotes autophagy through enhancing the assembly of autophagy-specific class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I" SIGNOR-264568 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10023660 t gcesareni "The scf is composed of skp1, cdc53/cul1, and a specificity-conferring f-box protein. F-box proteins contain two domains, an f-box motif that binds skp1 and allows assembly into skp1/cdc53 complexes, and a second proteinprotein interaction domain that interacts specifically with one or more target proteins. Cdc53/cul1, in turn, interacts with both the e2 and the skp1/f-box protein complex." SIGNOR-64505 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser129 VNTRAGPsQHSSPAV 9606 BTO:0000671 12628002 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (erk5) by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (mkk5)activated erk5 also phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (mkk5) extensively at ser(129), ser(137), ser(142) and ser(149)" SIGNOR-99127 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15311212 f miannu "known E-cadherin transcriptional repressors, such as SLUG (SNAI2), SIP1 (ZEB2), TWIST1, SNAIL (SNAI1) and ZEB1 (TCF8), but not E12/E47 (TCF3), had a lack of upregulation in cells expressing mutated E-cadherin compared to WT." SIGNOR-255157 SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT FN1/SDC4 complex SIGNOR-C210 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23290138 t apalma "We found that binding of ECM glycoprotein Fibronectin (FN) to Sdc4 stimulates the ability of Wnt7a to induce the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells" SIGNOR-255286 CDC42BPA protein Q5VT25 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 19851336 t lperfetto "More than a dozen kinases have been reported to phosphorylate the rlcs of nm ii (fig. 2), including myosin light chain kinase (mlck;also known as mylk), rho-associated, coiled coil-containing kinase (rock), citron kinase, leucine zipper interacting kinase (zipk;also known as dapk3) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related cdc42-binding kinase (mrck;also known as cdc42bp)6,34,45,46. These kinases phosphorylate rlcs on ser19, thr18 or both, to relieve the inhibition imposed on the myosin molecule by unphosphorylated rlcs and the head_head interaction outlined above." SIGNOR-188785 RPL36AL protein Q969Q0 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262493 CASP5 protein P51878 UNIPROT GSDMD protein P57764 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp275 CLHNFLTdGVPAEGA 9606 BTO:0000007 26375003 t lperfetto "Co-expression of GSDMD with caspase-1, 4, 5 or 11 but not apoptotic caspases (caspase-2, 8 and 9) in 293T cells induced the same cleavage of GSDMD|inflammatory caspases specifically cleave GSDMD after the 272FLTD275 (or 273LLSD276) sequence |" SIGNOR-256418 NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 21743488 f gcesareni "We demonstrate that her2 overexpression in this cellular model of dcis drives transcriptional upregulation of multiple components of the notch survival pathway. Importantly, luminal filling required upregulation of a signaling pathway comprising notch3, its cleaved intracellular domain and the transcriptional regulator hes1." SIGNOR-174750 FZD7 protein O75084 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 22179044 t apalma "In non-canonical Wnt signalling, Wnt proteins bind Fzd and glypican-4, to activate Dsh at the cell membrane, leading to activation of Rho and JNK" SIGNOR-255893 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253486 CD40LG protein P29965 UNIPROT IGSF6 protein O95976 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9809579 f miannu "CD40L activation of dendritic cells down-regulates DORA, a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily" SIGNOR-261727 adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33568 ChEBI ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257877 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002861 18682241 t flangone "We also find that SMADs bind with the NANOG promoter and that SMAD2/3 activity enhances NANOG promoter activity." SIGNOR-242052 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKBIB protein Q15653 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9346241 t gcesareni "We described the purification of a 900 kda protein kinase complex, the ikb kinase (ikk), that phosphorylates ikbalfa and ikbbeta at the sites that mediate their ubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-52932 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser323 MVGGKPGsFRVRASS 9606 15069075 t gcesareni "Thus, pkc-zeta might promote feedback ir/irs-1 complex formation and irs-1 tyrosine phosphorylation through phosphorylation of ser318." SIGNOR-123738 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CYP27A1 protein Q02318 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11867220 f miannu "Therefore, Sp1, Sp3 and HNF4 co-operate in the expression of the human CYP27 gene in HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-255199 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr231 LLPLRRGyIGVVNRS 9606 BTO:0000007 9880482 t lperfetto "Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of dynamin is required for beta2-adrenergic receptor internalization and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalingHere we demonstrate that activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2-ARs) leads to c-Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of dynamin, which is required for receptor internalization. Two tyrosine residues, Tyr231 and Tyr597, are identified as the major phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-247124 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser319 NSKYNAEsTERESQD 9606 18667537 t llicata "This jnk phosphorylation of ps1 at ser(319)thr(320) enhances the stability of the ps1 c-terminal fragment that is necessary for gamma-secretase activity." SIGNOR-179676 RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002932 28882106 t irozzo "RanBP2 can increase the sumoylation of p27kip1. In our study, the target protein p27kip1 mainly acts as a tumor-suppressor gene in the nucleus, RanBP2 and SUMO1 act as oncogenes by promoting the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and debilitate the G1-arrest brought by p27kip1 accumulation in the nucleus." SIGNOR-259115 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT TNFRSF11B protein O00300 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253812 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9534 BTO:0001538 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219332 RPL4 protein P36578 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262460 PDYN protein P01213 UNIPROT OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258411 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 12524424 t gcesareni "Thus, repression of the activity of C/EBPs by Smad3/4 at C/EBP binding sites inhibited transcription from the PPAR2 and leptin promoters" SIGNOR-250567 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser62 PSWHLADsPAVNGAT 9606 BTO:0001130 12633850 t lperfetto "We have identified that serine 62 is the necessary site for taxol- or 2-me-induced bcl-xl phosphorylation in summary, our studies suggest that the phosphorylation of bcl-xl by stress response kinase signaling might oppose the anti-apoptotic function of bcl-xl" SIGNOR-99215 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28036276 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, we further show that FBW7, an E3 ligase complex component that is frequently downregulated in TNBC, negatively regulates EglN2 protein stability." SIGNOR-261997 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 10617617 t "We observed that S1P treatment significantly increased proliferation of HTC4 hepatoma cells stably transfected with human S1P receptor Edg3 or Edg5, which was attributable to stimulation of cell growth and inhibition of apoptosis caused by serum starvation." SIGNOR-261141 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SH3BP2 protein P78314 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr174 YPTDNEDyEHDDEDD 9534 12709437 t lperfetto "By using the transient expression system in COS-7 cells, we have demonstrated that 3BP2 was predominantly phosphorylated on Tyr174, Tyr183, and Tyr446 when it was coexpressed with Syk." SIGNOR-246587 PNPLA6 protein Q8IY17 UNIPROT 2-(((R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)phosphoryloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium smallmolecule CID:439285 PUBCHEM "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25033069 t "PNPLA6 encodes NTE, a lysophospholipase that converts lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to glycerophosphocholine. PNPLA6 is expressed in neurons throughout the brain, particularly in the cortex, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and hippocampus" SIGNOR-253611 MTHFD2L protein Q9H903 UNIPROT (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate smallmolecule CHEBI:57455 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10116 21163947 t lperfetto "Conversion of these 1-carbon units to formate requires several folate-interconverting enzymes in mitochondria. The enzyme(s) responsible for conversion of 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate (CH(2)-THF) to 10-formyl-THF in adult mammalian mitochondria are currently unknown. A new mitochondrial CH(2)-THF dehydrogenase isozyme, encoded by the MTHFD2L gene, has now been identified. " SIGNOR-268252 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PMAIP1 protein Q13794 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 ARKNAQPsPARAPAE 9606 BTO:0001271 21145489 t llicata "We show that noxa is phosphorylated on a serine residue (s(13)) in the presence of glucose. Phosphorylation promotes its cytosolic sequestration and suppresses its apoptotic function. We identify cdk5 as the noxa kinase" SIGNOR-170357 Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 27920254 f miannu "Stress granules (SGs) are large macromolecular aggregates that contain translation initiation complexes and mRNAs. Stress granule formation coincides with translational repression, and stress granules actively signal to mediate cell fate decisions by signaling to the translation apparatus to (i) maintain translational repression, (ii) mount various transcriptional responses, including innate immunity, and (iii) repress apoptosis." SIGNOR-260865 PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT 3-phosphonatooxypyruvate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18110 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" "chemical modification" 9606 25406093 t lperfetto "PHDGH catalyzes the first reaction of de novo serine biosynthesis, producing 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate by NAD+-coupled oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG).|The PHGDH reaction is reversible and, under standard conditions, thermodynamically favors the direction from 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate to 3PG." SIGNOR-268568 WIPI1 protein Q5MNZ9 UNIPROT ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "WIPI1 assists WIPI2 in recruiting ATG16L for LC3 lipidation. WIPI1-WIPI2 heterodimer may function more efficiently in ATG16L complex recruitment." SIGNOR-268477 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser425 TKGSGLGsPTSSFNS 9606 19282669 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-252963 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser60 PHVLEALsPPQTSGL 9606 20516213 t lperfetto "The protein is phosphorylated mainly on residues s60, s68, and s75, and this inhibits its pol iii repression function. The responsible kinase is mtorc1, which phosphorylates maf1 directly." SIGNOR-217149 P2RY2 protein P41231 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257233 UBE2G2 protein P60604 UNIPROT SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 14593114 t miannu "We show that human HRD1 is a non-glycosylated, stable ER protein with a cytosolic RING-H2 finger domain. In the presence of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC7, the RING-H2 finger has in vitro ubiquitination activity for Lys(48)-specific polyubiquitin linkage, suggesting that human HRD1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in protein degradation." SIGNOR-272593 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001011 19381306 t miannu "RORα regulates the expression of several genes in Purkinje cells. RORα becomes highly expressed in postmitotic Purkinje cells. It regulates their maturation, particularly dendritic differentiation. Dendritogenesis and the expression of several genes, including Shh, Itpr1, Pcp4, Calb1, Pcp2, and Slc1a6, normally expressed in mature Purkinje cells, are inhibited in RORα-deficient mice." SIGNOR-266846 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR CEP97 protein Q8IW35 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0004790 30404837 t miannu "Cullin-3-KCTD10-mediated CEP97 degradation promotes primary cilium formation. we identified the cullin-3-RBX1-KCTD10 complex as the E3 ligase that mediates CEP97 degradation and removal from the mother centriole." SIGNOR-272925 ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257240 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser80 LHIRSSMsGLHLVKQ 9606 29899443 t "Human ACC1 is inactivated by phosphorylation at Ser80, Ser1201 and Ser1216 by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)" SIGNOR-267475 NDUFA9 protein Q16795 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)" SIGNOR-262160 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "The ca2+ dependent phosphatase calcineurin induces cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy by a process that involves nf-at nuclear translocation, and activation of mef2c." SIGNOR-84047 CRYBB2 protein P43320 UNIPROT CRYBB2 protein P43320 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16319073 t miannu "βB2-crystallin is the major component of β-crystallin and is a dimer at low concentrations. At high concentrations or in the lens, βB2-crystallin forms hetero-oligomers with other β-crystallins. These oligomeric β-crystallins further participate in the formation of a supramolecular assembly that is important in lens function-lens transparency." SIGNOR-252154 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 16751101 t lperfetto "Ppm1a dephosphorylates and promotes nuclear export of tgfbeta-activated smad2/3; these results suggest that phospho-smad2 is a direct substrate of mg2+-dependent ppm1a. in conclusion, ppm1a is a bona fide phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates the critical sxs motif of r-smads." SIGNOR-232110 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM49D1 protein C9J1S8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271269 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser55 CPTYFPPsPTGSLTQ 9606 16484495 t llicata "We show here that gsk3beta phosphorylates and stabilizes the orphan nuclear receptor rev-erbalpha, a negative component of the circadian clock." SIGNOR-144566 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser273 AGTRRREsLGKKAKR -1 9677319 t miannu "Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII). Incubation of Rad with PKA decreases GTP binding by 60-70%, but this effect seems to be independent of phosphorylation, as it is observed with the Ser273-->Ala mutant of Rad containing a mutation at the site of PKA phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250048 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15141161 t gcesareni "The jip proteins function by aggregating components of a map kinase module (including mlk, mkk7, and jnk) and facilitate signal transmission by the protein kinase cascade. Overexpression of jip1 deactivates the jnk pathway selectively by cytoplasmic retention of jnk and thereby inhibits gene expression mediated by jnk, which occurs in the nucleus" SIGNOR-124727 SNUPN protein O95149 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 9670026 t miannu "Here, we describe the isolation and cDNA cloning of a 45 kDa protein, termed snurportin1, which interacts specifically with m3G-cap but not m7G-cap structures. Snurportin1 enhances the m3G-capdependent nuclear import of U snRNPs in both Xenopus laevis oocytes and digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells, demonstrating that it functions as an snRNP-specific nuclear import receptor." SIGNOR-272081 CCL19 protein Q99731 UNIPROT ACKR4 protein Q9NPB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 23341447 t Luana " In the present study, however, we demonstrate for the first time the concentration-dependent recruitment of β-arrestins to the atypical chemokine receptor CCX-CKR upon stimulation with CCL19, CCL21, or CCL25 using three different methodologies in various transfected cell lines." SIGNOR-268416 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 NSSDTVTsPQRAGPL 9606 BTO:0000938 10544291 t llicata "These results present compelling evidence that cdk5/p35 kinase is responsible for the novel phosphorylation of c-src at ser75 in neuronal cells, raising the intriguing possibility that c-src acts as an effector of cdk5/p35 kinase during neuronal development." SIGNOR-71950 METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 27117702 t miannu "Here we find that METTL3 promotes translation of certain mRNAs including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the Hippo pathway effector TAZ in human cancer cells. " SIGNOR-265954 GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8327893 t gcesareni "Concentration-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclases by purified Gi alpha subunits is described. Activated Gi alpha but not G(o) alpha was effective, and myristoylation of Gi alpha was required" SIGNOR-38029 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CRMP1 protein Q14194 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser522 PAPSAKSsPSKHQPP 9606 BTO:0000938 18003833 t lperfetto "These findings suggest that sema3a-induced spine development is regulated by phosphorylation of crmp1 by cdk5. Introduction of crmp1-wt, but not crmp1-t509a/s522a, a crmp1 mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by cdk5, rescued the defect in sema3a responsiveness." SIGNOR-159314 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-253301 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser849 NMLNRRDsSASTISS 9606 10693759 t lperfetto "Ci/gli zinc finger proteins mediate the transcriptional effects of hedgehog protein signals. In drosophila, ci action as transcriptional repressor or activator is contingent upon hedgehog-regulated, pka-dependent proteolytic processingall six pka phosphorylation sites are required for processing of gli3." SIGNOR-75343 CCL1 protein P22362 UNIPROT CCR8 protein P51685 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 12645948 t gcesareni "Ccl1 activates the mapk pathway in ccr8-transfected cho cells." SIGNOR-99401 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp348 GTGGLEPdLARGRWA 9606 BTO:0005111 32122970 t miannu "We show that LUBAC interacted with caspase-1 via HOIP and modified its CARD domain with linear polyubiquitin and that depletion of HOIP or Sharpin resulted in heightened caspase-1 activation and cell death in response to inflammasome activation, unlike what is observed in macrophages. Reciprocally, caspase-1, as well as caspase-8, regulated LUBAC activity by proteolytically processing HOIP at Asp-348 and Asp-387 during the execution of cell death." SIGNOR-272194 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000565 19747485 f "Collectively, data establish that regulated WT1 followed by sequential Egr1 and Sp1 binding to elements within Prm1 mediate repression and subsequent induction of TPα during differentiation into the megakaryocytic phenotype, shedding significant insights into factors regulating TPα expression therein." SIGNOR-254254 CDK19 protein Q9BWU1 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser174 TPAVPPVsEDEDDDD 9606 19520772 t llicata "Here, we identified p21 activated kinase 1 (pak1) as a new cdk11(p58) substrate and we mapped a new phosphorylation site of ser174 on pak1" SIGNOR-185000 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR TDG protein Q13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24962565 t miannu "TDG Is Polyubiquitinated by CRL4Cdt2 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase in a PIP Degron-dependent Manner" SIGNOR-272849 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr502 TTANVVYyVGENVVN 9606 BTO:0000567 12637538 t gcesareni "Here we report that PKD is tyrosine-phosphorylated within the PH domain, leading to activation. [..] Mutation of the other two sites, Tyr432 and Tyr502, had no significant influence on PKD activity." SIGNOR-246215 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser89 SELLRSGsSPNLNMG 9606 12379484 t lperfetto "Inhibition of histone acetyltransferase function of p300 by pkcdeltawe found that pkcdelta but not classical pkc, specifically phosphorylates p300 at serine 89 in vitro and in vivo. This phosphorylation causes inhibition of p300 intrinsic hat activity." SIGNOR-94263 CHD7 protein Q9P2D1 UNIPROT SETDB1/NLK/CHD7 complex SIGNOR-C189 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 21952300 t FFerrentino "The non-canonical WNT ligand WNT5A activates the histone methyltransferase SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1)42. SETDB1 forms a complex with chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 7 (CHD7) and NEMO-like kinase (NLK) to inhibit the ability of PPARγ to transcriptionally activate its downstream metabolic target genes in the MSC cell line ST2 and in 3T3‑L1 cells42,43." SIGNOR-253526 Laminin-1 complex SIGNOR-C183 SIGNOR "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9361014 t lperfetto "Using integrin-specific antibodies, recognition sites for the alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins were identified in the short arms of both laminin alpha1- and alpha2-chain isoforms. Comparisons with a beta-alpha chimeric short arm protein possessing beta1-chain domain VI further localized these activities to alpha-chain domain VI." SIGNOR-253254 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGB6 protein Q9Y5F9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265706 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser486 DDEITEAKsGTATPQRS -1 17023420 t "We show that AMPK α-Ser485/491 can be a site for autophosphorylation, which may play a role in limiting AMPK activation in response to energy depletion or other regulators" SIGNOR-256113 MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 21149567 t gcesareni "Mff functions as an essential factor in mitochondrial recruitment of Drp1." SIGNOR-245957 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser160 SSTFDALsPSPAIPS 9606 23166821 t llicata "We show that phosphorylation of _np63_ at s66/68 in response to ultraviolet (uv) irradiation is mediated by alk5" SIGNOR-199781 EIF6 protein P56537 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 10085284 t lperfetto "The beta4 integrin interactor p27(BBP/eIF6) is an essential nuclear matrix protein involved in 60S ribosomal subunit assembly." SIGNOR-269151 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT IFIH1 protein Q9BYX4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser88 EALRRTGsPLAARYM 9606 BTO:0000007 23499489 t lperfetto "Exogenous PP1alpha or PP1gamma substantially decreased the S88 phosphorylation of Flag-MDA5|we identified PP1alpha and PP1gamma as primary phosphatases responsible for MDA5 and RIG-I dephosphorylation, leading to their activation." SIGNOR-264577 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1542 EEQQLEEsGPHDLTE 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t lperfetto "The brca1 (breast cancer gene 1) tumor suppressor protein is phosphorylated in response to dna damage. phosphorylation of brca1 by the checkpoint kinase atm may be critical for proper responses to dna double-strand breaks. Phosphorylation of brca1 on ser1423 and ser1524 by atm" SIGNOR-72072 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT CLCN5 protein P51795 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9267 BTO:0003069 15489223 t miannu "The presence of albumin triggers the formation of an endocytic complex that includes ClC-5. (iii) Nedd4-2 is recruited to this complex and ubiquitinates ClC-5. This ubiquitination by Nedd4-2 shunts ClC-5 into the albumin uptake/degradative pathway." SIGNOR-272665 PICALM protein Q13492 UNIPROT CLTCL1 protein P53675 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 16491119 t miannu "Calm interacts with the clathrin heavy chain through its c-terminal third and with phophoinositides through its ap180 n-terminal homology (anth) domain, promoting assembly of clathrin triskelia into clathrin cagesin vitro" SIGNOR-144733 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1920 SPTYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269366 FAD smallmolecule CHEBI:16238 ChEBI FADH2 smallmolecule CHEBI:17877 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33450351 t miannu "ETF is a two-electron and two-proton transporter as its FAD undergoes successive reduction via two-consecutive one-electron transfer steps, with the formation of an intermediate one-electron red flavin semiquinone species (FAD•−), which is then fully reduced to FADH2 with the uptake of one additional electron and two protons (Fig. 4a)." SIGNOR-269456 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 9539746 t lperfetto "These experiments demonstrate that bcl-xl associates with caspase-9 and apaf-1, and show that bcl-xl inhibits the maturation of caspase-9 mediated by apaf-1." SIGNOR-56399 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269429 HTR3A protein P46098 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 18761359 f miannu "The 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 (5-HT3) receptor is a cation-selective ion channel of the Cys-loop superfamily. 5-HT3 receptor activation in the central and peripheral nervous systems evokes neuronal excitation and neurotransmitter release. " SIGNOR-264316 Silmitasertib chemical CID:24748573 PUBCHEM CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21159648 t Federica "In this study, we describe CX-4945, a potent and selective orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of CK2." SIGNOR-261130 SLC24A2 protein Q9UI40 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264399 NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20498086 f miannu "The export of mRNAs is a multistep process, involving the packaging of mRNAs into messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs), their transport through nuclear pore complexes, and mRNP remodeling events prior to translation. Ribonucleic acid export 1 (Rae1) and Nup98 are evolutionarily conserved mRNA export factors that are targeted by the vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein to inhibit host cell nuclear export. these data suggest that the Rae1*Nup98 complex directly binds to the mRNP at several stages of the mRNA export pathway." SIGNOR-260872 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr360 SGISSVPtPSPLGPL 9606 BTO:0000527 19941816 t lperfetto "Erk2, which is activated by egfr signaling, directly binds to ck2alpha via the erk2 docking groove and phosphorylates ck2alpha primarily at t360/s362, subsequently enhancing ck2alpha activity" SIGNOR-244525 TOMM5 protein Q8N4H5 UNIPROT "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18331822 t lperfetto "The fungal preprotein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex) comprises import receptors Tom70, Tom20, and Tom22, import channel Tom40, and small Tom proteins Tom5, Tom6, and Tom7, which regulate TOM complex assembly. These components are conserved in mammals; unlike the other components, however, Tom5 and Tom6 remain unidentified in mammals. We immuno-isolated the TOM complex from HeLa cells expressing hTom22-FLAG and identified the human counterparts of Tom5 and Tom6, together with the other components including Tom7. These small Tom proteins are associated with Tom40 in the TOM complex." SIGNOR-267675 PSMD3 protein O43242 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263353 "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 29369787 t miannu "Omega 3 fatty acids and fibrates are considered as natural and pharmacological ligands of PPARα, respectively, that reduce inflammation and arteriosclerosis in cardiovascular system" SIGNOR-256189 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser401 VPSDNIDsQGRNCST -1 8662852 t "we report the identification of the sites of GRK2- and GRK5-mediated beta2AR phosphorylation. six are phosphorylated by GRK5 (Thr-384, Thr-393, Ser-396, Ser-401, Ser-407, and Ser-411)." SIGNOR-251196 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser249 DTRQIQPsPPWSYDQ 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t miannu "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on AML1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of AML1c in K562 and 293T cells (27).4 Mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein. The presence of these mutations results in an increase in the amount of ubiquitinated AML1c in the matrix, and increases the half-life of this insoluble AML1c. One possible model to explain these observations is that phosphorylation might be necessary for the normal process of both proteasome degradation and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-268218 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser404 RSRGRASsHSSQTQG -1 7925482 t lperfetto "Mutation of both Ser-403/Ser-404 within a PKC motif flanking the nuclear localization signal inhibits transport of mutant lamin A to the nucleus in 64% of the cells. It is proposed that phosphorylation of the motif in vivo positively regulates nuclear localization together with the nuclear localization sequence." SIGNOR-248904 frovatriptan chemical CHEBI:134991 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9986723 t miannu "As far as the selectivity against the 5-HT1A receptor, compound 10 shows similar selectivity as VML-251 (4) but has slightly lower selectivity as compared to sumatriptan (1), naratriptan (2), and rizatriptan (3). Although none of the 5-HT1D receptor agonists in the current study demonstrate as good selectivity versus the 5-HT1B receptor, the N-methyl-5-tert-butyltryptamine (10) remains the most selective (4-fold)." SIGNOR-259075 RUVBL1 protein Q9Y265 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270855 UNC80 protein Q8N2C7 UNIPROT NALCN protein Q8IZF0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19535918 t miannu "UNC80 is a protein that is associated with the NALCN Na(+) leak cation channel, and is required for the activation of this channel by the neuropeptide substance P through GPCRs in a G-protein-independent fashion. Here, we show that UNC80 binds Src kinases and recruits Src into the channel complex. " SIGNOR-265180 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 32917954 t SimoneGraziosi "NR3C1 impaired GLI1 function by dynamically modulating the recruitment of PCAF acetyltransferase" SIGNOR-269233 NSD3 protein Q9BZ95 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Lys366 RLVMVLysVVPTC 9606 BTO:0002181 29101251 t irozzo "We found that lysine methyltransferase NSD3 interacts with and directly monomethylates IRF3 in the nucleus, leading to the enhanced IRF3 transcriptional activity and antiviral immune responses." SIGNOR-259198 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 23387299 t miannu "CUL3 assembles with BTB proteins to form Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. To explore how a CUL3-KLHL3 complex might operate, we immunoprecipitated KLHL3 and found that it associated strongly with WNK isoforms and CUL3. These results suggest that the CUL3-KLHL3 E3 ligase complex regulates blood pressure via its ability to interact with and ubiquitylate WNK isoforms." SIGNOR-272100 TBX2 protein Q13207 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24470334 f "TBX2 blocks myogenesis and promotes proliferation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells" SIGNOR-251562 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 9606 8248197 t gcesareni "We now provide evidence that two growth-regulated, nucleus- and cytoplasm-localized protein kinases, 90-kda ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (map kinase), contribute to the serum-induced phosphorylation of c-fos. The major phosphopeptides derived from biosynthetically labeled c-fos correspond to phosphopeptides generated after phosphorylation of c-fos in vitro with both rsk and map kinase. The phosphorylation sites identified for rsk (ser-362) and map kinase (ser-374) are in the transrepression domain. Cooperative phosphorylation at these sites by both enzymes was observed in vitro and reflected in vivo by the predominance of the peptide phosphorylated on both sites, as opposed to singly phosphorylated peptides. This study suggests a role for nuclear rsk and map kinase in modulating newly synthesized c-fos phosphorylation and downstream signaling." SIGNOR-37154 TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19874624 t Regulation miannu "Nodal effects are dependent upon interactions with Cripto, a small cysteine-rich extracellular protein that is attached to the plasma membrane through a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol linkage. Cripto interacts with Nodal and ALK4, independently, and promotes the formation of a stable high affinity complex with activin type II receptors." SIGNOR-251937 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20220133 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Here we show that jnk directly phosphorylates cdc25c at serine 168 during g(2) phase of the cell cycle. Cdc25c phosphorylation by jnk negatively regulates its phosphatase activity and thereby cdk1 activation, enabling a timely control of mitosis onset." SIGNOR-269983 MASTL protein Q96GX5 UNIPROT ENSA protein O43768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser67 KGQKYFDsGDYNMAK -1 21164014 t gcesareni "We identified cyclic adenosine monophosphate€“regulated phosphoprotein 19 (Arpp19) and -Endosulfine as two substrates of Gwl that, when phosphorylated by this kinase, associate with and inhibit PP2A, thus promoting mitotic entry." SIGNOR-243690 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr391 PNVQRSDyLNTFEFM -1 34289383 t lperfetto "Moreover, in an in vitro kinase assay, purified recombinant FLT3 (rFLT3) phosphorylated recombinant IDH2 R140Q mutant but did not alter its catalytic activity (Figure 1C), whereas rFLT3 phosphorylated mIDH1 protein and enhanced its catalytic activity" SIGNOR-267630 "all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:28364 ChEBI FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000951 16467281 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "it was found that EPA increased collagen and elastic fibers (tropoelastin and fibrillin-1) expression by increasing transformin growth factor-beta expression in aged human skin." SIGNOR-251910 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 9606 18339811 t "Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. |Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs." SIGNOR-248603 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser291 PVSSLQAsVPGSVPG -1 16027724 t "GSK-3, p38 and CDK2 can phosphorylate Cdx2 through the 4S motif in vitro, but only CDK2 was shown to be active in vivo. the compound mutant 4S>A (serines 281, 285, 289 and 293 replaced by alanines)" SIGNOR-251229 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser149 SNSLKKSsAELKKIL 9606 BTO:0000671 12628002 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (erk5) by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (mkk5)activated erk5 also phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (mkk5) extensively at ser(129), ser(137), ser(142) and ser(149)" SIGNOR-99139 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1235 DMYDKEYySVHNKTG 9606 8302603 t lperfetto "Previous work has shown that autophosphorylation of p190met enhances its enzymatic activity and that the major phosphorylation site is tyr1235, located in the catalytic domainonly the replacement of both tyr1234 and tyr1235 yielded a mutant which completely lost the ability to be activated by autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-37727 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD52 protein P43351 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr104 DLNNGKFyVGVCAFV 9606 BTO:0000007 12379650 t gcesareni "We show here that c-Abl tyrosine kinase associates with and phosphorylates Rad52 on tyrosine 104. Importantly, the very same site of Rad52 is phosphorylated on exposure of cells to ionizing radiation (IR)." SIGNOR-247661 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 18156621 f "Our results demonstrate that IL-27 inhibits the acquisition of the Treg phenotype at the level of Foxp3. The inhibitory effect of IL-27 on Treg generation was at least partially signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) dependent as examined by targeted STAT3 protein inhibition using small interfering RNA (siRNA)" SIGNOR-254364 CPC complex SIGNOR-C554 SIGNOR Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 37292983 f miannu "Here, we focus on the chromosome passenger complex (CPC), that forms a chromatin body that regulates chromosome segregation in mitosis." SIGNOR-275427 9-(1-Methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-[1-(1-oxoprop-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]-2-benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridinone chemical CID:71748056 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24556163 t miannu "This analysis revealed that QL47 also potently inhibits BMX with an IC50 of 6.7 nM but impressively displays more than 100-fold selectivity against EGFR, HER2, JAK3, BLK, TEC, and ITK that possess an equivalently placed cysteine" SIGNOR-262233 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser130 SGEQAEGsPGGPGDS 9606 15964852 t lperfetto "Cdk2 destabilizes p21 via the cy2 cyclin-binding motif and p21 phosphorylation at ser-130." SIGNOR-149416 AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI ETF complex SIGNOR-C463 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33450351 t miannu "Human ETF is nuclear encoded by two separate genes, ETFA and ETFB, respectively. After translation, the two subunits are imported to the mitochondrial matrix space and assemble into a heterodimer containing one FAD and one AMP as cofactors." SIGNOR-269468 UBE2E2 protein Q96LR5 UNIPROT RNF19B protein Q6ZMZ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000914 16709802 t miannu "We demonstrated that both UbcH7 and UbcH8 bind to full-length NKLAM.  We demonstrated decreased protein expression and enhanced ubiquitination of URKL-1 in the presence of NKLAM. These data indicate that NKLAM is a RING finger protein that binds Ubcs and" SIGNOR-271592 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17438144 f gcesareni "Smad7 repressed smad3/4-, smad2/4-, and smad1/4-enhanced reporter gene expression." SIGNOR-154390 E4F1 protein Q66K89 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys319 TSSSPQPkKKPLDGE 9606 BTO:0001938 17110336 t miannu "E4F1 Has an Intrinsic Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Activity that Drives K48-type Ubiquitylation of p53. These data demonstrate that E4F1 stimulates the ubiquitylation of p53 on the lysine cluster K319–K321, i.e., at sites distinct from those targeted by Hdm2. p53 forms Ubiquitylated by E4F1 Are Localized on Chromatin. In striking contrast with Ub-p53 forms stimulated by Hdm2, which are mainly cytosoluble and targeted to the proteasome, we found that E4F1-stimulated Ub-p53 forms are tightly associated with chromatin, suggesting that they could be involved in transcription." SIGNOR-271394 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR EIF4B protein P23588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" stabilization 9606 17581632 t lperfetto "EIF3 plays many functions in initiation complex formation. It interacts with eIF1, eIF5, eIF4B and eIF4G, and the direct interaction between eIF3 and eIF4G may serve as a bridge between the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF4F-bound mRNA (Hershey and Merrick, 2000). eIF3 stabilizes the binding of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex to the 40S subunit" SIGNOR-269158 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT ELF1 protein P32519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr231 CPKYIKWtQREKGIF 9606 18714041 t "Elf-1 enhances the expression of CD3zeta, whereas it suppresses the expression of FcRgamma gene and lupus T cells have decreased amounts of DNA-binding 98 kDa form of Elf-1. We show that the aberrantly increased PP2A in lupus T cells dephosphorylates Elf-1 at Thr-231. Dephosphorylation results in limited expression and binding of the 98 kDa Elf-1 form to the CD3zeta and FcRgamma promoters. Suppression of the expression of the PP2A leads to increased expression of CD3zeta and decreased expression of FcRgamma genes and correction of the early signaling response" SIGNOR-248634 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr88 PQSSSPVyGSSAKTS 9606 BTO:0000182 27447856 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that Src kinase directly phosphorylates Y88 paxillin|In this study, we also show how pY88 paxillin transduces a signal to activate Akt" SIGNOR-263977 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser406 RSQSRKDsLDDSGSC 9534 BTO:0000298 9353340 t lperfetto " Phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of the Ser394 and Ser400 as well as GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the Ser404, Ser408, and Ser410, resulted in the desensitization of alpha1BAR-mediated inositol phosphate response. " SIGNOR-248987 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11093753 t gcesareni "Lysophosphatidic acid (lpa), a major g protein coupled receptor (gpcr)-activating ligand present in serum, elicits growth factor like responses by stimulating specific gpcrs coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins such as g(i), g(q), and g12/13. lpa2 also can couple to the gi/o, g12/13, and gqfamilies." SIGNOR-84559 LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0000664 21821001 f miannu "Our study also showed that a number of K562 cells survived despite the apoptotic stimuli. Within these surviving cells, galectin-3 was upregulated through newly synthesized protein. Notably, inducible galectin-3, which stabilized the pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2, was essential for anti-apoptosis. Unpredictably, GSK-3β was critical for inducible galectin-3 expression as well as for cell survival. As summarized in Fig. 4C, we not only found inducible galectin-3 has an anti-apoptotic effect, but we also identified a GSK-3β-regulated mechanism for apoptotic resistance in K562 cells." SIGNOR-261906 NANOGP8 protein Q6NSW7 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10900 BTO:0000667 23839044 f Luana "Constitutive NanogP8 overexpression in adult L1 mice reduced CD34+α6+ and Lrig-1+ bulge stem cells, impaired keratinocyte migration, and repressed the expression of many stem cell-associated genes, including Bmp5, Fgfr2, Jmjd1a, and Jun." SIGNOR-266090 HARS1 protein P12081 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10430027 t miannu "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. This amino acid has uniquely moderate basic properties and is an important group in many catalytic functions of enzymes." SIGNOR-270488 ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256766 UQCRH protein P07919 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262195 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT MAD2L1 protein Q13257 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 11402067 t lperfetto "Spindle checkpoint protein Bub1 is required for kinetochore localization of Mad1, Mad2, Bub3, and CENP-E, independently of its kinase activity" SIGNOR-252018 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT DUOX1 protein Q9NRD9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser955 KDLCRRAsYISQDMI 9606 19144650 t llicata "We analyzed the duox1 phosphorylation state with an anti-rxx(ps/pt) antibody that could potentially recognize phosphorylation on ser955 and ser1217 but not on thr1007. duox1 but not duox2 activity is stimulated by forskolin (ec50 = 0.1 _m) via protein kinase a-mediated duox1 phosphorylation on serine 955. duox1 is positively regulated by the camp-dependent protein kinase a (pka)6 cascade" SIGNOR-183449 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ARHGAP35 protein Q9NRY4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1105 RNEEENIySVPHDST 9606 9819392 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of y1105, but not the minor site, was modulated in vivo to a greater extent by overexpression of c-src than by the egf receptor and was efficiently catalyzed by c-src in vitro. Mutation of y1105 from tyr to phe resulted in complete loss of p-tyr-dependent complex formation, indicating that p-y1105 was the sole p-tyr residue mediating binding to p120" SIGNOR-61670 ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI P2RX7 protein Q99572 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 18827222 t mrosina "Pericellular ATP activates P2XRs on the T cell in an autocrine fashion (step 4) and perhaps also P2X7 receptors on the APC in a paracrine fashion resulting in IL-1beta processing and release (step 5)." SIGNOR-254965 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser637 VPVARKLsAREQRDC 9606 18838687 t "When mitochondrial depolarization is associated with sustained cytosolic Ca(2+) rise, it activates the cytosolic phosphatase calcineurin that normally interacts with Drp1. Calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of Drp1, and in particular of its conserved serine 637, regulates its translocation to mitochondria as substantiated by site directed mutagenesis." SIGNOR-248361 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 BTO:0003316 10781582 t lperfetto "Serine 15 phosphorylation of p53 leads to a stabilization of p53 by reducing its interaction with murine double minute 2, a negative regulatory partner[...]These results strongly suggest that both ERKs and p38 kinase have a direct role in UVB-induced phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 in vivo." SIGNOR-226614 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PPP1R12C protein Q9BZL4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser452 AGLQRSAsSSWLEGT 9606 22137581 t lperfetto "Ampk-induced phosphorylation is necessary for ppp1r12c interaction with 14-3-3 and phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain. Both ampk activity and ppp1r12c phosphorylation are increased in mitotic cells and are important for mitosis completion. The interaction between ppp1r12c and 14-3-3_ may inactivate the ppp1r12c-containing phosphatase complex in vivo." SIGNOR-216600 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003725 11439327 t miannu "We show that SK-UT-1B cells express a novel splice variant of Skp2 that localizes to the cytoplasm and that cyclin D1 ubiquitination takes place in the nucleus. We propose that the translocation of Skp2 into the nucleus is required for the ubiquitination of cyclin D1 and that the absence of the SCF(Skp2) complex in the nucleus of SK-UT-1B cells is the mechanism underlying the ubiquitination defect observed in this cell line." SIGNOR-272576 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2L5 protein A0A1B0GUS4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271365 "SB 203580" chemical CHEBI:90705 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 10512765 t gcesareni "Pretreatment of hela cells with sb 203580, a pyridinyl imidazole compound that specifically inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). It has previously been established that sb 203580 acts primarily to block the catalytic activity of p38 mapk. However, it has been suggested that in cells, the compounds could also inhibit p38 mapk activation by virtue of their ability to bind to the inactive enzyme." SIGNOR-71024 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UBOX5 protein O94941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271150 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr869 LGAEEKEyHAEGGKV 9606 BTO:0000567 10653583 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "After binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF), the EGF receptor (EGFR) becomes autophosphorylated via tyrosine." SIGNOR-236487 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26512963 f miannu "DAB2IP could interact with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via its unique PR domain and suppress STAT3 phosphorylation and transactivation, leading to the inhibition of survivin expression in PCa cells." SIGNOR-254762 TH protein P07101 UNIPROT tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Tyrosine produced in the liver is then transported by an active transport mechanism into the dopaminergic neurons within the brain. This is followed by the conversion of L-tyrosine into L-DOPA through hydroxylation at the phenol ring by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)." SIGNOR-263990 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser409 HGLSLIPsTGLCSPD 9606 21749389 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O75030-9" gcesareni "The current study reveals that c-kit signaling triggers two phosphorylation events on mi, which up-regulate transactivation potential yet simultaneously target mi for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The specific activation/degradation signals derive from mapk/erk targeting of serine 73, whereas serine 409 serves as a substrate for p90 rsk-1. An unphosphorylatable double mutant at these two residues is at once profoundly stable and transcriptionally inert." SIGNOR-252795 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 18448069 t lperfetto "The association of Smurf2 with Smad7 and its ubiquitination were inhibited by AIMP1, thereby protecting its autocatalytic degradation stimulated by Smad7." SIGNOR-178501 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 32409565 t lperfetto "Upon investigating the functional effect, we find that interaction with Tnks-1/2 inhibits the ubiquitination and proteasomal turnover of TDP-43, leading to its stabilization. We further show that proteasomal turnover of TDP-43 occurs preferentially in the nucleus; our data indicate that Tnks-1/2 stabilizes TDP-43 by promoting cytoplasmic accumulation, which sequesters the protein from nuclear proteasome degradation." SIGNOR-262115 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF149 protein Q8NC42 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271201 DAD1 protein P61803 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272067 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 16751101 t lperfetto "Ppm1a dephosphorylates and promotes nuclear export of tgfbeta-activated smad2/3; these results suggest that phospho-smad2 is a direct substrate of mg2+-dependent ppm1a. in conclusion, ppm1a is a bona fide phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates the critical sxs motif of r-smads." SIGNOR-217628 WNT6 protein Q9Y6F9 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21872687 f fspada "We show that knockdown of Beta-catenin completely prevents the inhibition of adipogenesis and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation by wnt6, wnt10a or wnt10b" SIGNOR-176193 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001660 9435577 t lperfetto "These studies revealed that PI 3-kinase is associated in vivo with both TGF-_ receptor subtypes and that TGF-_1 stimulation enhances PI 3-kinase activity associated with type I TGF-_ receptor in hASM cells." SIGNOR-252732 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT TOB2 protein Q14106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser254 PAPQSQLsPNAKEFV -1 32404348 t miannu "Taken together, these observations strongly support the notion that several different CDK-cyclin complexes are involved in the phosphorylation of Tob2 at S254.A more detailed regulatory context of Tob2 phosphorylation at S254 is provided by our findings from mass-spec and in vitro kinase analyses that suggest connections to PP2B and PP2C phosphatases and CDK-cyclin complexes, particularly CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 (Table 1; Supplemental Table S2).One possibility is that the phosphorylation of S254 helps stabilize the interaction of Tob2 with the Ccr4–Not complex, which could contribute to Tob2's ability to recruit the entire Ccr4–Not complex and thus further enhances deadenylation." SIGNOR-273602 KIF2A protein O00139 UNIPROT "Minus-end directed microtubule movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH217 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272533 GTF3C1 protein Q12789 UNIPROT TFIIIC complex SIGNOR-C392 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29378333 t lperfetto "Both yeast and human TFIIIC consist of six polypeptides organized into two globular domains" SIGNOR-266188 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr966 QICKGMEyLGTKRYI 9606 BTO:0000007 20304997 t lperfetto "Tyrosines 868, 966, and 972 in the kinase domain of jak2 are autophosphorylated and required for maximal jak2 kinase activity" SIGNOR-236290 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr783 EGRNPGFyVEANPMP -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-247316 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 10734133 t flangone "Finally, we have tested the set of ptps for their ability to dephosphorylate a phosphopeptide corresponding to the irk autophosphorylation site. tc-ptp, sap-1, and ptp-1b all tested positive, but ptp-? Showed no activity, although the same gst-ptp preparation could efficiently convert pnpp (tablei). Interestingly, many other ptps showed activity, namely dep-1, glepp-1, lar, ptp-?, -?, -?, And shp-1." SIGNOR-75930 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 9020184 t gcesareni "Jnk1 phosphorylation and activation was inhibited by expression of both mkp1 and mkp2." SIGNOR-46079 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr212 VIEPLPVtPTRDVAT 9534 BTO:0004055 11604394 t lperfetto "Our previous work revealed that the neuronal p35/Cdk5 kinase associates with Pak1 in a RacGTP-dependent manner, causing hyperphosphorylation and down-regulation of Pak1 kinase activity. We have now demonstrated direct phosphorylation of Pak1 on threonine 212 by the p35/Cdk5 kinase." SIGNOR-249328 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR PPP1R1A protein Q13522 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser67 LKSTLAMsPRQRKKM 10116 11278334 t "In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. | However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation." SIGNOR-252334 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1070 DSFLQRYsSDPTGAL 9606 BTO:0000007 10347170 t llicata " We show that serines 1046/1047 are sites for CaM kinase II phosphorylation, although there is a preference for serine 1047, which resides within the consensus -R-X-X-S-. In addition, we have identified major phosphorylation sites at serine 1142 and serine 1057, which lie within a novel -S-X-D- consensus. Mutation of serines 1046/1047 in full-length EGFR enhanced both fibroblast transformation and tyrosine autokinase activity that was significantly potentiated by additional mutation of serines 1057 and 1142. A single CaM kinase II site was also identified at serine 744 within sub-kinase domain III, and autokinase activity was significantly affected by mutation of this serine to an aspartic acid making this site appear constitutively phosphorylated. We have addressed the mechanism by which CaM kinase II phosphorylation of the EGFR might regulate receptor autokinase activity and show that this modification can hinder association of the cytoplasmic tail with the kinase domain to prevent an enzyme-substrate interaction. " SIGNOR-250620 "BI 2536" chemical CID:11364421 PUBCHEM PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259702 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR IGFBP5 protein P24593 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136601 RORC protein P51449 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24737872 t miannu "As RORs function as transcriptional activators and their expression correlates with histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility, RORs are thought to function as positive regulators of Bmal1 expression at its peak levels, whereas REV-ERBs block ROR and negatively regulate Bmal1 at the trough of its expression." SIGNOR-268004 LETM1 protein O95202 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 29123128 t lperfetto "Others have suggested that LETM1 plays an essential role in mitochondrial K+ homeostasis by mediating the mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange" SIGNOR-262542 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1062 TWIENKLyGMSDPNW 9606 11121408 t gcesareni "Lar expression significantly reduced tyrosine-1062 phosphorylation in ret-men2a but not in ret-men2b" SIGNOR-85170 MARCHF1 protein Q8TCQ1 UNIPROT HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys244 FIIKGLRkSNAAERR 9606 19117940 t miannu "Two E3 ligases, MARCH I and MARCH VIII, have been shown to polyubiquitinate lysine residue 225 in the cytoplasmic tail of I-Abeta and HLA-DRbeta. We show that lysine residue 219 in the cytoplasmic tail of DRalpha is also subject to polyubiquitination." SIGNOR-271412 9-HODE chemical CHEBI:72651 ChEBI GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257501 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT PABIR1 protein Q96E09 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 GGLRRSNsAPLIHGL 9606 BTO:0000018 33108758 t miannu "Knockout of FAM122A results in activation of PP2A-B55α, a phosphatase that dephosphorylates the WEE1 protein and rescues WEE1 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. in tumor cells with oncogene-driven replication stress, CHK1 can directly phosphorylate FAM122A, leading to activation of the PP2A-B55α phosphatase and increased WEE1 expression." SIGNOR-266380 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 1840554 t "The expression levels of both C/EBPB and C/EBPD are increased dramatically during the time of hormonal stimulation (see Fig. 8). Furthermore, the C/EBPB- and C/EBPD encoding genes are activated directly by adipogenic hormones" SIGNOR-251648 AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000459 20921139 t lperfetto "we show that the BECLIN 1-VPS34 complex is tethered to the cytoskeleton through an interaction between the BECLIN 1-interacting protein AMBRA1 and dynein light chains 1/2." SIGNOR-168252 PPP6C protein O00743 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr187 CDIQTHMtNNKGSAA 9606 17079228 t "Protein phosphatase 6 down-regulates TAK1 kinase activation in the IL-1 signaling pathway|From proteomic analysis of TAK1-binding proteins, we identified protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), a type-2A phosphatase, and demonstrated that PP6 associated with and inactivated TAK1 by dephosphorylation of Thr-187." SIGNOR-248292 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TGFA protein P01135 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 17251915 f lperfetto "Ep2 can also promote the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) expressed in colon cancer cells through src, which activates the proteolytic release of the egfr ligands amphiregulin (ar) and transforming growth factor-alfa (tgfalfa)125, thereby stimulating the egfr- network." SIGNOR-236534 "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR "MLL/SET subcomplex" complex SIGNOR-C87 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complexincluding wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-204744 HECTD3 protein Q5T447 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28636940 t miannu " By western blot, we observed robust degradation of endogenous native CRAF in untransformed HEK293 cells treated with control siRNA 24 hr after the addition of AUY922, but this was substantially reduced in cells in which HECTD3 was knocked down, confirming that endogenous CRAF is a bona fide degradation target of HECTD3 " SIGNOR-272328 IL10RB protein Q08334 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000776 10347215 t milica "Specifically, il-10 effects the activation of jak1 (associated with the il-10 receptor ? Chain) and tyk2 (associated with the il-10 receptor ? Chain) and induces the activation of stat1, stat3, and, in some cells, stat5." SIGNOR-68013 ESRRA protein P11474 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000159 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253799 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG -1 9111318 t "Within the Jak2 kinase domain, there is a region that has considerable sequence homology to the regulatory region of the insulin receptor and contains two tyrosines, Y1007 and Y1008, that are potential regulatory sites. Y1007 and Y1008 are sites of trans- or autophosphorylation in vivo and in in vitro kinase reactions. Mutation of Y1007, or both Y1007 and Y1008, to phenylalanine essentially eliminated kinase activity, whereas mutation of Y1008 to phenylalanine had no detectable effect on kinase activity" SIGNOR-251358 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser25 KRRSARLsAKPPAKV 9606 10739259 t lperfetto "Protein kinases that phosphorylate hmg-14 17 at the major sites have been implicated from previous in vitro studies. Protein kinase c and a similar calcium phospholipid-dependent kinase have been reported to phosphorylate both proteins in vitro, where the phosphorylation of hmg-17 occurs predominantly at ser24 and to a lesser degree at ser28. Phosphorylation of hmg-14 at ser6 by camp- or cgmp-dependent kinases has also been reported. Thus, other kinases may contribute to phosphorylation at ser6 in response to oa. Ser88 and ser98 on hmg-14 are also phosphorylated by casein kinase ii in vitro. we conclude that the correlation we observe reflects a causal relationship, in which phosphorylation somehow facilitates the redistribution of hmg-14 and -17 toward non-nuclear pools." SIGNOR-76286 imatinib chemical CHEBI:45783 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193375 "SAE1/SAE2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C294 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys265 SISSMELkTEPFDDF 9606 SIGNOR-C154 16055711 t lperfetto "We report here that lysine 265 of c-Fos is conjugated by the peptidic posttranslational modifiers SUMO-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3 and that c-Jun can be sumoylated on lysine 257 as well as on the previously described lysine 229. Sumoylation of c-Fos preferentially occurs in the context of c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers.|Inhibition of c-Fos and c-Jun sumoylation stimulates AP-1-dependent transcription activity." SIGNOR-263014 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser8 MPLNRTLsMSSLPGL -1 22233421 t miannu "Recombinant muscle GYS1 (glycogen synthase 1) and recombinant liver GYS2 were phosphorylated by recombinant AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) in a time-dependent manner and to a similar stoichiometry. The phosphorylation site in GYS2 was identified as Ser7, which lies in a favourable consensus for phosphorylation by AMPK. Phosphorylation of GYS1 or GYS2 by AMPK led to enzyme inactivation by decreasing the affinity for both UDP-Glc (UDP-glucose) [assayed in the absence of Glc-6-P (glucose-6-phosphate)] and Glc-6-P (assayed at low UDP-Glc concentrations)." SIGNOR-263102 BAZ2B protein Q9UIF8 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 acetylation:Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 31999386 t miannu "The BAZ2B bromodomain has been shown to bind to acetylated H3K14 (H3K14ac), whose presence at promoter regions is generally associated with gene activation. This suggests a potential role for BAZ2B in transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266623 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT AGAP2 protein Q99490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1130 QGRTALFyARQAGSQ 9606 16841086 t llicata "We demonstrate that fyn is essential for phosphorylating pike-a and protects it from apoptotic cleavage. Active but not kinase-dead fyn interacts with pike-a and phosphorylates it on both y682 and y774 residues. Tyrosine phosphorylation in pike-a is required for its association with active fyn but not for akt. Mutation of d into a in pike-a protects it from caspase cleavage and promotes cell survival." SIGNOR-147936 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT UNG protein P13051 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr60 AGQEEPGtPPSSPLS 9606 BTO:0000812 phosphorylation:Ser64 EPGTPPSsPLSAEQL 27875297 t lperfetto "Here we show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) interacts with and phosphorylates UNG2 at Thr60 and that Thr60 phosphorylation requires a Ser64 priming phosphorylation event.|phosphorylation of Thr60 and Ser64 creates a cyclin E/c-Myc-like phosphodegron that promotes polyubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-264885 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 17643117 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Pim1-dependent phosphorylation of histone h3 at serine 10 is required for myc-dependent transcriptional activation and oncogenic transformation." SIGNOR-259409 IGF2 protein P01344 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22810696 t lperfetto "These results strongly suggest that the IGF2–IGF1R–IRS2 axis signals to PI3K in CRC and imply that therapeutic targeting of the pathway could act to block PI3K activity in this subset of patients." SIGNOR-251495 miR-29b mirna URS0000150A7D_9606 RNAcentral DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9913 28255176 t "Target prediction analysis revealed that ZNF423 was a potential target of bta-miR-23a. Dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that bta-miR-23a directly targeted the 3′-UTR of ZNF423." SIGNOR-255927 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001370 9706399 t "Among several known transcription factor binding motifs, nuclear protein(s) of VD3-treated HL-60 cells and THP-1 cells bound to the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-binding motif that was located in the upstream region of the MRP14 gene (-81), as evidenced by the competitive gel mobility-shift assay.|Thus, it was concluded that C/EBP alpha and -beta were able to bind to the C/EBP motif, and that C/EBP alpha bound to the motif in THP-1 cells and C/EBP beta bound to that in the VD3-treated HL-60 cells." SIGNOR-254041 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257200 RABEP1 protein Q15276 UNIPROT RABGEF1 protein Q9UJ41 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11452015 t miannu "We show that rabaptin-5 increases the exchange activity of rabex-5 on rab5." SIGNOR-109395 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 inhibited foxo3's ability to induce cell death." SIGNOR-217887 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ELAVL1 protein Q15717 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Mk2 and mk3 participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating the are-binding proteins ttp and hur, and by regulating eef2k" SIGNOR-166622 MSX2 protein P35548 UNIPROT SPEN protein Q96T58 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000661 19835636 t gcesareni "Furthermore, in addition to msx2, both tlx1 and nkx2-5 proteins interacted with notch-pathway repressors, spen/mint/sharp and tle1/grg1, representing a potential mechanism for (de)regulation." SIGNOR-188572 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr402 CSIESDIyAEIPDET 9606 10521452 t gcesareni "Raftk binds constitutively to the protein tyrosine phosphatase shptp1.SHPTP1 Plays a negative role in pyk2/raftk signaling by dephosphorylating raftk on tyr-402, thereby inhibiting the interaction of the sh2 domain of c-src with raftk" SIGNOR-71414 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Met666 VIVITLVmLKKKQYT -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261789 TSPAN12 protein O95859 UNIPROT NDP protein Q00604 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19837033 f "Genetic Interaction" gcesareni "Tspan12 genetically interacts with norrin or lrp5" SIGNOR-188661 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12840032 t gcesareni "P-erk1/2 proteins were efficiently dephosphorylated in vitro by protein phosphatases 1 and 2a (pp1/2a) and mapk phosphatase 3 (mkp3)." SIGNOR-103162 acyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:17984 ChEBI 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol smallmolecule CHEBI:16749 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 18772128 t miannu "The cycle of deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids plays a critical role in regulating availability of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. The major yeast lysophospholipid acyltransferase, Ale1p, is related to mammalian membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) proteins. MBOAT7 is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase with remarkable specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA. MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 are particularly susceptible to inhibition by thimerosal. Human neutrophils express mRNA for these four enzymes, and neutrophil microsomes incorporate arachidonoyl chains into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, PS, and phosphatidylethanolamine in a thimerosal-sensitive manner. These results strongly implicate MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 in arachidonate recycling, thus regulating free arachidonic acid levels and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-267243 SDHC protein Q99643 UNIPROT SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. Four nuclear genes encode the four subunits, SDHA (15 exons), SDHB (8 exons), SDHC (6 exons) and SDHD (4 exons), mapping on to chromosomes 5p15, 1p35-p36.1, 1q21 and 11q23, respectively." SIGNOR-266273 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257689 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1766 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248814 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK -1 10734133 t miannu "Interestingly, all PTPs that were tested could completely dephosphorylate the receptor, given sufficient time, including a negative control (PTP-PEST) that failed to bind IRK as a trapping mutant." SIGNOR-75894 C5AR2 protein Q9P296 UNIPROT CR1 protein P17927 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263465 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR POLL protein Q9UGP5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr553 GPGRVLPtPTEKDVF 9606 BTO:0000007 18688254 t miannu "Pol λ phosphorylation prevents degradation. Recently, we identified Pol λ as an interaction partner of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) that is central to the cell cycle G1/S transition and S-phase progression. This interaction leads to in vitro phosphorylation of Pol λ, and its in vivo phosphorylation pattern during cell cycle progression mimics the modulation of CDK2/cyclin A. Experiments with phosphorylation-defective mutants suggest that phosphorylation of Thr 553 is important for maintaining Pol λ stability," SIGNOR-273595 KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004475 12556498 t irozzo "The present study also shows that EKLF itself inhibits FLI-1 activity. As suggested above for the inhibition of EKLF activity, the inhibition of FLI-1 activity most probably involves the indirect recruitment of EKLF to FLI-1 target promoters by protein-protein interaction." SIGNOR-256046 NFX1 protein Q12986 UNIPROT SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004117 18505829 t miannu "we investigated the mechanism of NFX1-91 repression of the hTERT promoter and demonstrated that NFX1-91 interacts with the corepressor mSin3A/HDAC to maintain the deacetylated status at the hTERT promoter, thus providing a mechanism by which NFX1-91 represses hTERT expression." SIGNOR-226360 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TOPORS protein Q9NS56 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser718 KDRDGYEsSYRRRTL 9606 19473992 t lperfetto "Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of topors regulates p53 stabilityherein, we have identified topoisomerase i-binding protein (topors), a p53-binding protein, as a plk1 target. We show that plk1 phosphorylates topors on ser(718) in vivo. Significantly, expression of a plk1-unphosphorylatable topors mutant (s718a) leads to a dramatic accumulation of p53 through inhibition of p53 degradation. Topors is an ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like modifier ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (sumo e3) ligase. Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of topors inhibits topors-mediated sumoylation of p53, whereas p53 ubiquitination is enhanced, leading to p53 degradation." SIGNOR-185838 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR POLM protein Q9NP87 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser12 RRRARVGsPSGDAAS -1 23933132 t miannu " In vitro kinase assays showed that the S phase-associated Cdk2/cyclin A complex was able to phosphorylate Polμ. We identified Ser12, Thr21 (located in the BRCT domain) and Ser372 (located in loop1) as the target residues. Mutation of these residues to alanine indicated that Ser372 is the main phosphorylation site.Our evidences suggest that Polμ could be regulated in vivo by phosphorylation of the BRCT domain (Ser12/Thr21) and of Ser372, affecting the function of loop1." SIGNOR-273597 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SUPT5H protein O00267 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr768 MTSTYGRtPMYGSQT 9606 16427012 t lperfetto "We describe an evolutionarily conserved repetitive heptapeptide motif (consensus = g-s-r/q-t-p) in the c-terminal region (ctr) of hspt5, which, like the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rna pol ii, is highly phosphorylated by p-tefb. Thr-4 residues of the ctr repeats are functionally important phosphorylation sites. In vitro, thr-4 phosphorylation is critical for the elongation activation activity of dsif" SIGNOR-143919 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TOB2 protein Q14106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser254 PAPQSQLsPNAKEFV -1 32404348 t miannu "Taken together, these observations strongly support the notion that several different CDK-cyclin complexes are involved in the phosphorylation of Tob2 at S254.A more detailed regulatory context of Tob2 phosphorylation at S254 is provided by our findings from mass-spec and in vitro kinase analyses that suggest connections to PP2B and PP2C phosphatases and CDK-cyclin complexes, particularly CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 (Table 1; Supplemental Table S2).One possibility is that the phosphorylation of S254 helps stabilize the interaction of Tob2 with the Ccr4–Not complex, which could contribute to Tob2's ability to recruit the entire Ccr4–Not complex and thus further enhances deadenylation." SIGNOR-273601 IKZF3 protein Q9UKT9 UNIPROT B_cell_maturation phenotype SIGNOR-PH15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004731 14718515 f "Here we show that the Ikaros family member, Aiolos, is specifically required for the generation of these plasma cells. Failure to generate high affinity plasma cells in the BM and to sustain serum antibody titers is apparent after both primary and secondary immunization of Aiolos−/− mice with a range of hapten concentrations." SIGNOR-259952 P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR MLLT3 protein P42568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17135274 t miannu "Phosphorylation of Af9 and Enl by P-TEFb promotes their proteolysis" SIGNOR-266800 PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 15149596 t "Pbx is constitutively bound close to the Myogenin promoter and can recruit MyoD" lperfetto "These domains are necessary for the stable binding of myod to the myogenin promoter through an interaction with an adjacent protein complex containing the homeodomain protein pbx, which appears to be constitutively bound at this site" SIGNOR-124834 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT DRAM2 protein Q6UX65 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30755245 f irozzo "DRAM2 plays an oncogenic role in NSCLC via regulating p53 expression. Knockdown of DRAM2 caused an increase of p53 and p21 expression, and overexpression of p53 caused a decrease of DRAM2 expression." SIGNOR-259148 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr27 SSLEPDStYFDLPQS 9606 18418051 t llicata "P73-mediated transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by polo-like kinase 1. tap73 is phosphorylated by this kinase on threonine-27 (thr-27) within the ta domain." SIGNOR-178253 3-[8-amino-1-(2-phenyl-7-quinolinyl)-3-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazinyl]-1-methyl-1-cyclobutanol chemical CHEBI:91402 ChEBI IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193675 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT CARHSP1 protein Q9Y2V2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser52 TRRTRTFsATVRASQ 9606 BTO:0000671 15910284 t lperfetto "These and other results demonstrate that crhsp24 is phosphorylated at ser52 by pkbalpha in response to igf-1, at ser52 by pkbalpha and rsk in response to egf" SIGNOR-137482 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 11359933 t miannu "Smad3 interacts with a RING finger protein, ROC1, through its C-terminal MH2 domain in a ligand-dependent manner. An E3 ubiquitin ligase complex ROC1-SCF(Fbw1a) consisting of ROC1, Skp1, Cullin1, and Fbw1a (also termed betaTrCP1) induces ubiquitination of Smad3. " SIGNOR-272944 APOBEC3G protein Q9HC16 UNIPROT "Clearance_of_foreign intracellular_DNA" phenotype SIGNOR-PH132 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29367246 f lperfetto "The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, or A3) family of interferon-inducible cytidine deaminases functions as antiviral restriction factors (reviewed in reference 15). Humans express seven A3 family members: A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H (16, 17). A3A is notable in that it specifically targets and restricts foreign DNA elements. A3A binds to single-stranded DNA with a high affinity (18), mediates the catabolism of foreign DNA (19), and restricts infection of several DNA viruses, including HPV (20,–24)." SIGNOR-261329 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT ABCG2 protein Q9UNQ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18234970 f miannu "An increased association of the chromatin remodeling factor, Brg-1, to the ABCG2 promoter was observed consistently in S1 and H460 cells where ABCG2 expression was activated by romidepsin treatment" SIGNOR-255150 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 22972936 f "Here we report that stimulation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) activates YAP/TAZ by decreasing phosphorylation and increasing nuclear localization." milica "Par1 acts through g12/13 and rho gtpase to inhibit the lats1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-192045 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252878 ENO2 protein P09104 UNIPROT 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266529 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr331 CTPVVTCtPSCTAYT 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-251523 VEPH1 protein Q14D04 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 22055343 f "In the neuronal differentiation" lperfetto "Melted represses warts transcription to disrupt hippo pathway activity and specify rh5 fate wts and melt repress each other s transcription in a double negative, bistable feedback loop that directs robust expression of either rh5 or rh6 in r9" SIGNOR-269858 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT USP2 protein O75604 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser225 SRVPEIIsPTYRPIG -1 29490279 t miannu "Here, we report the role of USP2a in promoting metastasis by facilitating TGF-β-triggered signaling. USP2a interacts with TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 upon TGF-β stimulation and removes K33-linked polyubiquitin chains from Lys502 of TGFBR1, promoting the recruitment of SMAD2/3. Simultaneously, TGFBR2 phosphorylates Ser207/Ser225 of USP2a, leading to the disassociation of SMAD2/3 from TGFBR1." SIGNOR-273603 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT USP2 protein O75604 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser207 ENYGRKGsASQVPSQ -1 29490279 t miannu "Here, we report the role of USP2a in promoting metastasis by facilitating TGF-β-triggered signaling. USP2a interacts with TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 upon TGF-β stimulation and removes K33-linked polyubiquitin chains from Lys502 of TGFBR1, promoting the recruitment of SMAD2/3. Simultaneously, TGFBR2 phosphorylates Ser207/Ser225 of USP2a, leading to the disassociation of SMAD2/3 from TGFBR1." SIGNOR-273604 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "Lpa through galfai and gbetagamma subunits also activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k), which results in the stimulation of the akt survival pathway and increased protein translation by the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) pathway." SIGNOR-152759 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11331872 t lperfetto "Induced p35 forms a complex with Cdk5 and activates its kinase activity" SIGNOR-250683 "3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:64057 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190774 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CyclinA2/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C420 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29870721 t lperfetto "Here we show that cyclin A/cdk1 kinase is the factor triggering mitosis." SIGNOR-267570 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr896 EPKSPGEyVNIEFGS 9606 7515062 t gcesareni "The specific activity of four candidate protein-tyrosine phosphatases (protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp1b), sh2 domain-containing ptpase-2 (shp-2), leukocyte common antigen-related (lar), and leukocyte antigen-related phosphatase) (lrp) toward irs-1 dephosphorylation was studied using recombinant proteins in vitro. Ptp1b exhibited the highest specific activity these results provide new insight into novel molecular interactions involving ptp1b and grb2 that may influence the steady-state capacity of irs-1 to function as a phosphotyrosine scaffold and possibly affect the balance of postreceptor insulin signaling." SIGNOR-27028 NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 16697957 t miannu "NKX3.1 also binds HDAC1 and releases p53 from p53-MDM2-HDAC1 complex, promoting p53 acetylation and activity." SIGNOR-251549 EREG protein O14944 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16829981 t gcesareni "For example, betacellulin binds to and activates both erbb1 and erbb4, whereas epiregulin binds to erbb1, erbb3 and erbb4." SIGNOR-147859 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser703 MSRARIGsDPLAYEP 9606 10400637 t gcesareni "The results indicate that p90rsk phosphorylates serine 703 of nhe-1, and this phosphorylation is required for growth factor stimulation of na+/h+ exchange." SIGNOR-69171 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CCDC50 protein Q8IVM0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 SSHKGFHyKH 9606 BTO:0000567 19059208 t miannu "We also detected tyrosine phosphorylation of Ymer by EGF stimulation as previously reported (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, we verified that EGF receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Ymer is inhibited by AG1478, which is known as an EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Fig. 1B). A luciferase reporter assay showed that mutation of tyrosines on Ymer (YmerY217/279/304F) results in loss of the inhibitory activity for NF-kappaB signaling." SIGNOR-262852 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT CFLAR protein O15519 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255087 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1763 TPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273083 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 TTSTRTYsLGSALRP 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248885 SCF(TBL1) complex SIGNOR-C533 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys666 LFRMSEDkPQDYKKR 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "Upon UV-induced DNA damage, beta-catenin is recruited for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation by a unique, p53-induced SCF-like complex (SCF(TBL1)), comprised of Siah-1, Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1, transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). " SIGNOR-271946 MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257434 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser280 RSPSPQPsSHVAPQD 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248377 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 14585074 t lperfetto "Tradd mediates recruitment of the traf2 adaptor protein" SIGNOR-118770 "SEC61 complex" complex SIGNOR-C368 SIGNOR SEC63 protein Q9UGP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 33925740 t lperfetto "This is where allosteric effectors of the Sec61 complex (BiP together with Sec62/Sec63 complex or TRAP complex) (Figure 2 and Figure 5) and auxiliary membrane protein insertases (EMC and TMCO1 complex) join the game" SIGNOR-265274 BRSK1 protein Q8TDC3 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser642 KKMNRSVsLTIY -1 15150265 t llicata "HsSAD1 protein produced in Sf9 cells phosphorylated the GST-fused human wild-type Wee1A fragment but not its S642A mutant produced inEscherichia coli (Fig. 2). The kinase-dead hsSAD1 mutant (K59A) failed to phosphorylate the wild-type Wee1A fragment." SIGNOR-250601 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1644 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273092 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CDCA5 protein Q96FF9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser209 DMTLPGIsPPPEKQK 9606 BTO:0000567 20551060 t miannu "Phosphorylation and activation of cell division cycle associated 5 by mitogen-activated protein kinase play a crucial role in human lung carcinogenesis. Our data suggest that transactivation of CDCA5 and its phosphorylation at Ser209 by ERK play an important role in lung cancer proliferation, and that the selective suppression of the ERK-CDCA5 pathway could be a promising strategy for cancer therapy." SIGNOR-262968 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1931 SPTSPTYsPTSPKGS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273099 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr564 RGTASRStFHGQPRE 9606 15084291 t lperfetto "Hpar-1a, t564, is phosphorylated in vivo and by apkc in vitro.This study establishes a novel functional link between two central determinants of cellular polarity, apkc and par-1, and suggests a model by which apkc may regulate par-1 in polarized cells" SIGNOR-124221 ASH2L protein Q9UBL3 UNIPROT TBX1 protein O43435 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20463296 t Regulation miannu "Tbx1 interacts with Ash2l in both yeast and mammalian cells and Ash2l acts as a transcriptional co-activator in luciferase reporter assays." SIGNOR-251868 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16169518 t gcesareni "Recently, it has been known that er activates phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pi3k) through binding with the p85 regulatory subunit of pi3k." SIGNOR-140473 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249646 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RRAS protein P10301 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr66 DPTIEDSyTKICSVD 9606 BTO:0000007 11682467 t lperfetto "The small gtpase, r-ras, affects cell adhesion by maintaining integrin activity. Activated src oncogene phosphorylates r-ras and suppresses integrin activity. the src phosphorylation site in r-ras was tyrosine 66" SIGNOR-111189 LAMTOR5 protein O43504 UNIPROT S100A4 protein P26447 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 22740693 f miannu "It suggests that HBXIP is able to activate S100A4 promoter via interacting with STAT4 in breast cancer cells, leading to the up-regulation of S100A4." SIGNOR-255248 Ku-0063794 chemical CHEBI:85572 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 20884880 t gcesareni "Sgk-1 activation in response to stretch is blocked by insulin-like growth factor (igf)-1 receptor inhibitor and mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mtorc)2 inhibitor (ku-0063794) but not mtorc1 inhibitor (rapamycin)." SIGNOR-168188 PSMD7 protein P51665 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263349 PML protein P29590 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15356634 t gcesareni "Cytoplasmic pml physically interacts with smad2/3 and sara (smad anchor for receptor activation) and is required for association of smad2/3 with sara and for the accumulation of sara and tgf-beta receptor in the early endosome." SIGNOR-128735 EPHA3 protein P29320 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11870224 t lperfetto "Our results suggest that recruitment of crkii and activation of rho signalling are responsible for epha3-mediated cell rounding, blebbing and de-adhesion, and that ephrin-a5-mediated receptor clustering and epha3 tyrosine kinase activity are essential for this response" SIGNOR-115335 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 21576360 t "When IFN-γ binds to its receptor, the receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinases Janus kinase I (JAK1) and JAK2 are activated (37). This leads to the phosphorylation of STAT1, which then dimerizes, translocates to the nucleus, and activates its target promoters, including the pIV promoter of Ciita" SIGNOR-256249 fenoterol chemical CHEBI:149226 ChEBI ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Finally, comparisons of the rank order of ligands for the three different receptors provide information about relative intrinsic efficacies. Fenoterol is a full and efficacious agonist at the β1-adrenoceptor, ranking third out of the agonists studied. It was also a full agonist at the β2- and β3-adrenoceptors with the highest intrinsic efficacy (i.e. top of Tables 4 and ​and5,5, rank 1). " SIGNOR-257868 "ruxolitinib phosphate" chemical CHEBI:66917 ChEBI JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23061804 t miannu "Ruxolitinib is a selective inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAK) 1 and 2, which are involved in the signalling pathway of various cytokines and growth factors essential to haematopoiesis." SIGNOR-259170 L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31422819 t miannu "Both isoforms [GOT! AND GOT2] catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate." SIGNOR-266921 PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates cleavage 9606 SIGNOR-C98 10593990 t "Gamma secretase subunit that leads a proteolitic cleavage through Asp257 and Asp385 after transport to cell surface." gcesareni "Presenilin-1 (ps1), a polytopic membrane protein primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, is required for efficient proteolysis of both notch and beta-amyloid precursor protein (app) within their trans- membrane domains." SIGNOR-254308 CS protein O75390 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3013232 t miannu "Citrate synthase catalyzes an important step within the cycle, the Claisen condensation of acetyl-Coenzyme A with oxaloacetate to form citrate; and it is the only enzyme in the cycle that can catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon bond." SIGNOR-266238 TRIM8 protein Q9BZR9 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination Lys158 ALIHRDLkPPNLLLV 22084099 t K63 miannu "These results suggest that TRIM8 could mediate K63-linked polyubiquitination of TAK1 at residue K158.These results suggest that TRIM8 is involved in TNFα- and IL-1β–induced NF-κB activation by mediating K63-linked TAK1 polyubiquitination and subsequent activation." SIGNOR-271890 ARHGEF5 protein Q12774 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260533 MTF1 protein Q14872 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15378601 f miannu "MRE-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is a highly conserved heavy metal-induced transcriptional activator. MTF-1 also activates transcription in response to oxidative stress and regulates the expression of several cytoprotective factor genes, including MT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase." SIGNOR-254601 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr310 FPFEAEAyRNIEPVY 9606 20798688 t lperfetto "C-abl can phosphorylate atr on y291 and y310 and this phosphorylation appears to have a positive role in atr activation under genotoxic stress." SIGNOR-167636 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 24067369 f miannu "HIC1 suppressing the VEGF and c-Myc promoter activity and the colony formation of MDA-MB 231 cells were STAT3-dependent." SIGNOR-254245 1-[2-chloro-4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolinyl)oxy]phenyl]-3-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea chemical CHEBI:91327 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207302 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258553 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16199882 t gcesareni "Although pka did not affect the formation of a complex between glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (gsk-3beta), beta-catenin, and axin, phosphorylation of beta-catenin by pka inhibited ubiquitination of beta-catenin in intact cells and in vitro." SIGNOR-140902 PDK2 protein Q15119 UNIPROT PDHA2 protein P29803 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS 9606 16436377 t gcesareni "Kinetic and regulatory properties of recombinant human pdh2 and pdh1 were compared in this study. Site-specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the three phosphorylation sites by four pdh kinases (pdk1-4) and two pdh phosphatases (pdp1-2) were investigated by substituting serines with alanine or glutamate in pdhs." SIGNOR-143970 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser403 QRSRGRAsSHSSQTQ -1 7925482 t lperfetto "Mutation of both Ser-403/Ser-404 within a PKC motif flanking the nuclear localization signal inhibits transport of mutant lamin A to the nucleus in 64% of the cells. It is proposed that phosphorylation of the motif in vivo positively regulates nuclear localization together with the nuclear localization sequence." SIGNOR-248903 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT MTTP protein P55157 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11111091 f miannu "SREBP1 increased the expression of MTP and increased the assembly and secretion of VLDL containing apo B100." SIGNOR-252113 CyclinD3/CDK11A complex SIGNOR-C542 SIGNOR SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser243 TDSEVDSsCSGQPIH 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273123 CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser238 SEESWTDsEVDSSCS 9606 BTO:0000007 26885618 t lperfetto "In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues|Western blot analysis demonstrated that only one of the mutant constructs, consisting of mutations of serine 238, 242 and 243, resulted in increased levels of SPDEF protein expression as compared to wild type SPDEF, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway.|" SIGNOR-273126 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252741 GUCY1A2-B2 complex SIGNOR-C137 SIGNOR "3',5'-cyclic GMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:16356 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "Guanylyl cyclases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of GTP to cGMP. The family comprises both membrane-bound and soluble isoforms that are expressed in nearly all cell types" SIGNOR-244090 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000459 18621737 t lperfetto "Through its death domain and amino-terminal region, tradd recruits rip1 (receptor-interacting protein), traf2, and through its interaction with traf2, c-iap1 and c-iap2." SIGNOR-179449 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257659 "Caspase 6 complex" complex SIGNOR-C228 SIGNOR CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 11455969 t gcesareni "This pathway can either be ampli?ed By caspase- 8-mediated cleavage of bid and by the downstream, caspase-6- mediated cleavage of caspase-8." SIGNOR-256468 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16606617 t irozzo "Therefore, ASXL1, a vertebrate PcG/TrxG protein, may mediate RA-regulated cell growth by modulating RAR activity.Finally, the ASXL1-induced accumulation of acetylated H3 may enhance the RAR-mediated transcriptional activity. In this study, we demonstrate that mammalian ASXL1 interacts with the AF-2 AD core of RAR (and RXR) through a novel, promiscuous NR box (LVMQLL) and enhances transcriptional activity of the receptors in certain cells." SIGNOR-255910 SEPTIN9 protein Q9UHD8 UNIPROT ARHGEF18 protein Q6ZSZ5 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15558029 t miannu "In transient expression analyses, sept9b inhibited sa-rhogef-dependent rho activation in cos7 and hela cells." SIGNOR-131184 SIN3B protein O75182 UNIPROT Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21041482 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266967 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser854 HPKPKQFsSFEKRAK 9606 21068236 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of rig-i by casein kinase ii inhibits its antiviral response. Threonine at amino acid (aa) 770 and serine at aa 854 to 855 of rig-i are phosphorylated by casein kinase ii (ck2)" SIGNOR-169400 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr539 RGLDKVItVLTRSKR 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-141034 NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21890489 t gcesareni "Nitric oxide (NO), the smallest signalling molecule known, is produced by three isoforms of NO synthase (NOS; EC 1.14.13.39). They all utilize l-arginine and molecular oxygen as substrates" SIGNOR-243957 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1229 SSEDLSAyASISFQK 9606 BTO:0000443 12220227 t lperfetto "Here we show that stimulation by insulin of freshly isolated primary adipocytes resulted in the expected rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, IRS-1 and IRS-3. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase enhanced the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 on (i) Tyr(612) and Tyr(941) (p85 binding sites), concomitant with an increased association of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase; (ii) Tyr(896) (a Grb2 binding site); and (iii) Tyr(1229) (an SHP-2 binding site), although little or no binding of SHP-2 to IRS-1 was detectable under any conditions." SIGNOR-235983 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI DDR2 protein Q16832 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259208 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23213415 t gcesareni "Furthermore, smad7 caused hdac-1 bind to e2f-1 to form a ternary complex on chromosomal dna containing an e2f-binding motif and leading to repression in the activity of the e2f target genes" SIGNOR-199952 morphine chemical CHEBI:17303 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258765 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT DARS2 protein Q6PI48 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269418 KTN1 protein Q86UP2 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30683916 f miannu "Collectively, our findings revealed a novel mechanism wherein MALAT1 interacts with c-MYC to transactivate KTN1 for enhancing EGFR protein expression, which finally contributes to the development of cSCC." SIGNOR-259906 CPSF3 protein Q9UKF6 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30507380 f lperfetto "Replication-dependent (RD) core histone mRNA produced during S-phase is the only known metazoan protein-coding mRNA presenting a 3' stem-loop instead of the otherwise universal polyA tail. A metallo β-lactamase (MBL) fold enzyme, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 73 (CPSF73), is proposed to be the sole endonuclease responsible for 3' end processing of both mRNA classes." SIGNOR-268336 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 18976935 f lperfetto "Furthermore, membrane targeting of the SLAT Dbl-homology (catalytic) domain was sufficient to trigger TCR-mediated NFAT activation and Th1 and Th2 differentiation in a Cdc42-dependent manner." SIGNOR-253370 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM64 protein A6NGJ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271138 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT CSF1 protein P09603 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 16267391 f miannu "Ini1/hsnf5/baf47 is involved in activation of the csf1 promoter." SIGNOR-141047 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr419 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254725 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 16421275 t lperfetto "Here we show that Gli is rapidly destroyed by the proteasome and that mouse basal cell carcinoma induction correlates with Gli protein accumulation. We identify two independent destruction signals in Gli1, D(N) and D(C), and show that removal of these signals stabilizes Gli1 protein and rapidly accelerates tumor formation in transgenic animals.Levels of _TrCP appeared to be limiting for Gli1 degradation, as increasing the levels of _TrCP protein significantly decreased steady-state levels of Gli1 protein" SIGNOR-235631 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FERMT2 protein Q96AC1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr193 SKTMTPTyDAHDGSP 9606 BTO:0000007 26037143 t miannu "Here we report that Src binds to and phosphorylates Kindlin-2 at Y193. Reciprocally, Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation activates and maintains Src kinase activity. Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation is also involved in its binding capacity with Migfilin and the recruitment of Migfilin to the focal adhesions. Functionally, we demonstrate that Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation regulates Kindlin-2-mediated cell spreading and migration." SIGNOR-266100 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253172 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000801 17337443 t lperfetto "Analyses of embryonic fibroblasts and macrophages obtained from IRAK-4 KD mice demonstrate lack of cellular responsiveness to stimulation with IL-1beta or a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. IRAK-4 kinase deficiency prevents the recruitment of IRAK-1 to the IL-1 receptor complex and its subsequent phosphorylation and degradation." SIGNOR-153458 ASIP protein P42127 UNIPROT ATRN protein O75882 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 11137996 t gcesareni "Attractin is a low-affinity receptor for agouti protein, but not agrp, in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-85496 DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255983 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser29 GSVSEDNsEDEISNL -1 2900140 t llicata "Phosphorylation at site 6 by casein kinase-2 is in good agreement with previous studies on the specificity of this kinase, which is known to phosphorylate serine residues followed by an acidic cluster" SIGNOR-250973 PRRX1 protein P54821 UNIPROT MAFK protein O60675 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11036080 t miannu "Hoxd12 and MHox, that interact with v-/c-Maf, using the phage display method. The Hox proteins also could associate with the other Maf protein family members, MafB, MafK, MafF, and MafG, but not with Jun and Fos. The Hox proteins negatively regulated the DNA binding, transactivation and cell-transforming abilities of Maf." SIGNOR-221932 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser32 RSEDARSsPSQRRRG 9606 BTO:0000567 12714602 t lperfetto "We reported that the dna helicase activity of the human and mouse mcm4-6-7 complex, a sub-complex of the mcm2-7 heterohexamer, is inhibited by the phosphorylation by cdk2-cyclin a we identified six sites, including ser-32, ser-53, and thr-109, in the amino-terminal region of mouse mcm4 that are required for the phosphorylation with cdk2-cyclin a." SIGNOR-217344 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT SH2B1 protein Q9NRF2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15082760 t lperfetto "The adapter protein sh2-b has been shown to bind to activated nerve growth factor (ngf) receptor trka and has been implicated in ngf-induced neuronal differentiation and the survival of sympathetic neurons." SIGNOR-124198 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser167 FLISPPAsPPVGWKQ 10090 BTO:0000165 12063245 t lperfetto "Consensus phosphorylation sites for p42/44 MAPK and GSK-3 are present in the SP repeat of MCIP1 at serine 112 and serine 108, respectively |Several endogenous proteins are capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of calcineurin. Modulatory calcineurin interacting protein 1 (MCIP1) is unique among these proteins on the basis of its pattern of expression and its function in a negative feedback loop to regulate calcineurin activity. Here we show that MCIP1 can be phosphorylated by MAPK and glycogen synthase kinase-3 and that phosphorylated MCIP1 is a substrate for calcineurin." SIGNOR-249478 NVP-ADW742 chemical CID:9825149 PUBCHEM IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194883 Normorphine chemical CHEBI:7633 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258822 PTX3 protein P26022 UNIPROT CFH protein P08603 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19050261 t miannu "Our findings identify PTX3 as a unique FH ligand in that it can bind both of the two hot-spots of FH, namely SCR7 and SCR19-20 and indicate that PTX3 participates in the localization of functionally active FH. PTX3 binds FH without interfering with its complement inhibitory function. Therefore PTX3 may contribute to focusing FH regulatory action, prevent excessive complement activation, and thus exert an important function in the control of inflammation in response to tissue injury." SIGNOR-252140 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 17998336 t gcesareni "The sh3 domain of lck modulates t-cell receptor-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through activation of raf-1." SIGNOR-159168 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21712438 f gcesareni "Hypertonicity activates p38 via a rac1-osm-mekk3-mkk3-p38 pathway." SIGNOR-174602 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT L3MBTL2 protein Q969R5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 31225475 t miannu "L3MBTL2 links RNF8 and RNF168 in the DNA double strand break response. The protein kinase ATM phosphorylates L3MBTL2, which recruits it to the DNA lesion by promoting the interaction between MDC1 and L3MBTL2. L3MBTL2 is subsequently ubiquitinated by RNF8, which acts as a docking site for RNF168, thereby recruiting the ubiquitin ligase to the damage site. RNF168, in turn, ubiquitinates H2A-type histones to amplify the DNA damage response and recruit downstream DNA repair proteins for proper DSB signaling." SIGNOR-266787 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT ETV5 protein P41161 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268880 DUSP26 protein Q9BV47 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 20562916 t "Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 is a novel p53 phosphatase and inhibits p53 tumor suppressor functions in human neuroblastoma|Inhibiting DUSP26 expression in the IMR-32 neuroblastoma cell line enhanced doxorubicin-induced p53 phosphorylation at Ser20 and Ser37, p21, Puma, Bax expression as well as apoptosis" SIGNOR-248765 SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16829981 t gcesareni "In addition to direct binding of grb2 to phosphotyrosine residues of receptor kinases, grb2 can also be recruited to the receptor by binding to shc when shc is tyrosine phosphorylated as a result of receptor stimulation." SIGNOR-147865 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT SAT1 protein P21673 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser149 RRGASDLsSEEGWRL -1 8954982 t llicata "Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates recombinant human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase on both serine and threonine residues. | suggesting that the Ser-phosphorylated residues are located in the C-terminus of the protein, probably Ser 146 and 149." SIGNOR-251035 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser363 TSRTPKDsPGIPPSA 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252742 GAD2 protein Q05329 UNIPROT "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32041144 t miannu "Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a unique pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which exhibits several well-known physiological functions." SIGNOR-267555 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr89 GSLPEFYyRPPRPPK 9606 BTO:0000150 17254967 t lperfetto "Src regulates p27 stability through phosphorylation of p27 at tyrosine 74 and tyrosine 88. Our data indicate that phosphorylation by src impairs the cdk2 inhibitory action of p27" SIGNOR-152839 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257903 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser684 IGIPQFHsPVGSPLK 9606 20236090 t lperfetto "Using ms analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, ser684, ser688, thr698 and ser705, located at the extreme c-terminus of erk3.alanine substitution of the four c-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of erk3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.we found that the phosphatases cdc14a and cdc14b (cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to erk3 and reverse its c-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis." SIGNOR-164471 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser62 LLPTPPLsPSRRSGL 10116 BTO:0004725 11018017 t "Phosphorylation of Ser 62 is required for Ras-induced stabilization of Myc, likely mediated through the action of ERK." SIGNOR-252079 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10346818 t amattioni "Oligomerization of the traf2 effector domain results in specific binding to mekk1, a protein kinase capable of jnk, p38, and ikk activation" SIGNOR-67552 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001454 19609947 t lperfetto "Although there are likely to be multiple levels of crosstalk between the pi3k-akt and nf-kb pathways, one mechanism has been attributed to direct phosphorylation of the amino acid residue t23 on ikb kinase alfa (ikkalfa) by akt, thereby leading to activation of this kinase upstream of nf-kb akt mediates ikkalpha phosphorylation at threonine 23 akt transiently associates in vivo with ikk and induces ikk activation. Akt mediates ikkalfa phosphorylation at threonine 23.Akt phosphorylates ikkalpha on t23, and this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of p65 at s534 by ikkalpha and beta" SIGNOR-217466 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser398 DSLPSSPsSATPHSQ 9606 22669845 t lperfetto "In response to genotoxic stress, eef2k was activated by ampk (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase)-mediated phosphorylation on serine 398. Activated eef2k phosphorylated eef2 and induced a temporary ribosomal slowdown at the stage of elongation" SIGNOR-216503 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser282 NSLQRVPsYDSFDSE BTO:0003637 12475968 t llicata "Increased Transactivation of the GM-CSF Promoter/Enhancer by Ets1 with Mutated CaMK II Sites | Significantly, phosphorylation of Ets1 by Ca2+-dependent pathways is thought to inhibit DNA binding in vitro. To analyze the role of these four serines, S251, S257, S282, and S285, in transcription, we constructed three mutant derivatives of human Ets1 " SIGNOR-250686 ADK protein P55263 UNIPROT ADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:456216 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33961946 t miannu "Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5‚Ä≤-adenosine monophosphate. The enzyme exists in two isoforms: a long isoform (ADK-long, ADK-L) and a short isoform (ADK-short, ADK-S)." SIGNOR-267841 YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17072343 f miannu "YB-1 knockdown by siRNA upregulated 344 genes, including MDR1, thymidylate synthetase, S100 calcium binding protein and cyclin B, and downregulated 534 genes, including CXCR4, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, E-cadherin and phospholipase C." SIGNOR-255611 SYBU protein Q9NX95 UNIPROT STX1A protein Q16623 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 15459722 t miannu "Conventional kinesin I heavy chain binds to syntabulin and associates with syntabulin-linked syntaxin vesicles in vivo. These findings suggest that syntabulin functions as a linker molecule that attaches syntaxin-cargo vesicles to kinesin I, enabling the transport of syntaxin-1 to neuronal processes." SIGNOR-264812 AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 34404733 t lperfetto "Ubiquitinated AMOTL2 then serves as a physical docking site for LATS2, which phosphorylates YAP to promote its cytoplasmic retention and degradation." SIGNOR-271875 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CHMP4C protein Q96CF2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser215 RRSRAASsQRAEEED 9606 22422861 t lperfetto "Chmp4c functioned in the aurora b-dependent abscission checkpoint to prevent both premature resolution of intercellular chromosome bridges and accumulation of dna damage. Chmp4c engaged the chromosomal passenger complex (cpc) via interaction with borealin, which suggested a model whereby chmp4c inhibits abscission upon phosphorylation by aurora b" SIGNOR-196728 KDM5D protein Q9BY66 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-264310 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "The signal for ubiquitination after uv and ir exposure is created by phosphorylation of cdc25a mediated by chk1 and chk2, respectively. Chk1 is a major kinase phosphorylating cdc25a (ser76/124) and cdc25c (ser216)." SIGNOR-163158 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1654 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248807 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT SMARCD3 protein Q6STE5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15870273 t lperfetto "This suggests a novel mechanism by which myod interacts with the promoter indirectly via pbx-1 and recruits chromatin-remodeling enzymes, which then facilitate the binding of myod and other regulators. Demonstration of physical interactions between brg1 and myod and brg1 and pbx support this conclusion" SIGNOR-136130 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser923 DELRDSDsVCDSGVE 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C13 10469655 t lperfetto "All residues of p105 phosphorylated by ikka are c-terminal; the major phosphorylation region contains three serines (ser923; ser927;ser932) and two threonines (thr927 and thr391)." SIGNOR-70449 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28153798 t scontino "MIT and DIT, which are deiodinated by iodotyrosine dehalogenase (DEHAL1) that seems to be present in the apical plasma membrane. MIT and DIT are liberated, and the deiodination of these molecules by DEHAL1 is important for providing a sustained source of intrathyroidal iodide." SIGNOR-268094 miR-23a mirna URS00001CC864_9606 RNAcentral ZNF423 protein Q2M1K9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19800867 t "These results suggest that the anti-adipogenic effect of miR-27b in hMADS cells is due, at least in part, to suppression of PPARgamma." SIGNOR-255934 "Vincristine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:79401 ChEBI TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 30599272 t miannu "Vincristine is commonly administered as an effective anti-brain tumor drug. Vincristine treatment also impaired the microtubule-associated protein tubulin, and fibronectin, and downregulated MMP10 activity." SIGNOR-259251 (R)-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:16347 ChEBI O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17490 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267118 ARID1B protein Q8NFD5 UNIPROT "BAF250b E3 ligase" complex SIGNOR-C522 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20086098 t miannu "In the present work, we show that BAF250 associates with elongin C (Elo C), cullin 2 (Cul2), and Roc1 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. BAF250 forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase with Elo B/C, Cul2, and Roc1 that targets histone H2B. H2B-Ub has been shown to be required for transcriptional activation in vitro" SIGNOR-271437 HMGB2 protein P26583 UNIPROT POU2F2 protein P09086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 7720710 t 2 miannu "HMG2 and Oct2 interact via their HMG domains and POU homeodomains, respectively. This interaction is not restricted to Oct2, as other members of the octamer transcription factor family like Oct1 and Oct6 also interact with HMG2. The interaction with HMG2 results in a marked increase in the sequence-specific DNA binding activity of the Oct proteins" SIGNOR-240108 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser737 EPLERRLsLVPDSEQ 9606 19095655 t Luana "AMPK phosphorylates CFTR in vitro at two essential serines (Ser737and Ser768) in the R domain, formerly identified as ""inhibitory"" PKA sites." SIGNOR-21316 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12432220 f irozzo "Closer examination revealed a cross-regulatory mechanism by which GATA-1 can control the expression of GATA-2 and vice versa, possibly via essential GATA binding sites in their cis-acting elements.In this model, GATA-2 activates GATA-1 gene expression, while GATA-1 represses GATA-2 gene expression." SIGNOR-256056 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser139 EDLTNVSsLLNMERA 9606 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265233 APH1A protein Q96BI3 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12297508 t "Gamma secretase subunit that leads to PS1/PS2 eterodimer complex stabilisation." gcesareni "By using co-immunoprecipitation and nickel affinity pull-down approaches, we now show that mammalian aph-1 (maph-1), a conserved multipass membrane protein, physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments in human cell lines and in rat brain." SIGNOR-93262 ofatumumab antibody DB06650 DRUGBANK MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001546 28580841 t miannu "Ofatumumab is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that binds to a membrane-proximal epitope of CD20 molecule expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes. Ofatumumab, the second-generation anti-CD20 antibody, induces cell lysis through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Ofatumumab is approved as monotherapy and in combination with chlorambucil for the treatment of fludarabine- and alemtuzumab-refractory CLL patients and previously untreated CLL patients, respectively." SIGNOR-259897 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT IER3 protein P46695 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr18 MTILQAPtPAPSTIP 9606 12356731 t lperfetto "Upon phosphorylation by erks, iex-1 acquires the ability to inhibit cell death induced by various stimuli. In turn, iex-1 potentiates erk activation in response to various growth factors." SIGNOR-93740 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12123574 t gcesareni "Here, we observed that gsk3beta was able to bind and phosphorylate notch1ic in vitro, and attenuation of gsk3beta activity reduced phosphorylation of notchic in vivo.Functionally, ligand-activated signaling through the endogenous notch1 receptor was reduced in gsk3beta fibroblasts, implying a positive role for gsk3beta in mammalian notch signaling." SIGNOR-90608 ASH1L protein Q9NR48 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 35210569 t Gianni "Depletion of ASH1L decreases neurite outgrowth and decreases expression of the gene encoding the neurotrophin receptor TrkB whose signaling pathway is linked to neuronal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-269058 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 FLMECRNsPVTKTPP 9606 BTO:0002181 SIGNOR-C3 10942774 t lperfetto "PHAS-I in adipocytes and HEK293 cells is phosphorylated in the following five sites, all of which conform to a (S/T)P motif (9, 10): Thr-36, Thr-45, Ser-64, Thr-69, and Ser-82. Thr-45 and Ser-64 flank the eIF4E-binding motif (7, 8), and phosphorylation of either site blocks eIF4E binding in vitro (10, 11). Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of Thr-36, Thr-45, Ser-64, and Thr-69 in both fat cells and HEK293 cells, and incubating cells with rapamycin decreases the phosphorylation of these sites.Immunoprecipitated epitope-tagged mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylated Thr-36/45. mTOR also phosphorylated Thr-69 and Ser-64 but only when purified immune complexes were incubated with the activating antibody, mTAb1." SIGNOR-226714 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1420 YVVHGPAsVPLGYVP 9606 16513652 t gcesareni "We find that ckiepsilon binds to lrp5 and lrp6 in vitro and in vivo and identify three ckiepsilon-specific phosphorylation sites in lrp6. Two of the identified phosphorylation sites, ser1420 and ser1430, influence wnt signaling in vivo," SIGNOR-145049 KLC2 protein Q9H0B6 UNIPROT FYCO1 protein Q9BQS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25855459 t Giulio "Interestingly, bead capture assays indicated that the middle part of FYCO1 (residues 585–1233) interacts directly with the KLC2 light chain of kinesin 1 (Fig. 3a and Extended Data Fig. 7a, b). Residues 735–773 of FYCO1 were found to be necessary for its kinesin-1 binding (Fig. 3c and Extended Data Fig. 7b, c), and FYCO1(Δ735–773)-positive LEs failed to translocate to the cell periphery (Extended Data Fig. 7e)." SIGNOR-260599 UDP-D-galactose smallmolecule CHEBI:18307 ChEBI lactose smallmolecule CHEBI:17716 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16157350 t miannu "Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (beta4Gal-T1) transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins." SIGNOR-268471 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser221 PRTSPIMsPRTSLAE 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248687 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser675 QDYKKRLsVELTSSL 9606 22173096 t lperfetto "Pak4 interacts with and phosphorylates _-catenin on ser675, which promotes the tcf/lef transcriptional activity and stabilizes _-catenin through inhibition of its degradation." SIGNOR-191557 KLHL15 protein Q96M94 UNIPROT PPP2R5B protein Q15173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23135275 t miannu "Here, we report that KLHL15-Cul3 specifically targets B'β to promote turnover of the PP2A subunit by ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. We mapped KLHL15 residues critical for homodimerization as well as interaction with Cul3 and B'β." SIGNOR-272017 AKAP13 protein Q12802 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260527 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser279 KVAERRSsPLLRRKD 9606 22865920 t lperfetto "PKA/Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of HDAC5 at Ser279 within the NLS promotes nuclear localization of HDAC5 and interaction with the nuclear corepressor complex" SIGNOR-198658 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT BHLHE40 protein O14503 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11278694 t miannu " Co-expression of STRA13 and UBC9 led to an increase of the pSTRA13 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. These data established that UBC9/STRA13 association in cells is of physiological importance, presenting direct proof of UBC9 involvement in the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of pSTRA13. We also checked whether UBC9 is directly involved in pSTRA13 ubiquitination. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that pSTRA13 is targeted for proteolysis by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway through association with UBC9." SIGNOR-272579 MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 19851336 t lperfetto "More than a dozen kinases have been reported to phosphorylate the rlcs of nm ii (fig. 2), including myosin light chain kinase (mlck;also known as mylk), rho-associated, coiled coil-containing kinase (rock), citron kinase, leucine zipper interacting kinase (zipk;also known as dapk3) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related cdc42-binding kinase (mrck;also known as cdc42bp)6,34,45,46. These kinases phosphorylate rlcs on ser19, thr18 or both, to relieve the inhibition imposed on the myosin molecule by unphosphorylated rlcs and the head_head interaction outlined above." SIGNOR-188797 BCL7C protein Q8WUZ0 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270715 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA 9606 10567572 t gcesareni "G(2)/m-phase cells proved more susceptible to death signals, and phosphorylation of bcl-2 appeared to be responsible, as a ser70ala substitution restored resistance to apoptosis. We noted that ask1 and jnk1 were normally activated at g(2)/m phase, and jnk was capable of phosphorylating bcl-2.." SIGNOR-72125 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser317 SHLASPPsLGEMQQL 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21205641 t gcesareni "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-170859 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser241 SKQARANsFVGTAQY 9606 10455013 t lperfetto "Pdk1 is itself phosphorylated in vivo and whether phosphorylation plays a role in regulating its activity/ phosphorylation of ser-241 is essential for the activity of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1" SIGNOR-236789 FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT PMAIP1 protein Q13794 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19637194 f irozzo "FBP1 down-regulates cell cycle inhibitors and proapoptotic genes. Interestingly, we also observed the up-regulation of proapoptotic genes following FBP1 knockdown in Hep3B cells. In particular, elevated expression of the Bcl-2 family members Bik and Noxa was detected." SIGNOR-259128 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270368 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ABCF1 protein Q8NE71 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser140 AALIQDQsEEEEEEE 9606 17894550 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that abc50 is a phosphoprotein and is phosphorylated at two sites by ck2. These sites, ser-109 and ser-140, lie in the nterminal part of abc50 but are not required for the binding of abc50 to eif2." SIGNOR-157937 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR RBBP7 protein Q16576 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser314 LKLHTFEsHKDEIFQ -1 28143904 t lperfetto "AMPK increased HAT1 activity through phosphorylation of HAT1-Ser190 and RBBP7-Ser314| interaction between RBBP7 and HAT1 is required for acetyltransferase activity" SIGNOR-264789 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser428 SSKIRRLsACKQQ 9606 25846811 t lperfetto "Directly and/or through the activation of p90RSK, ERK phosphorylates LKB-1 at Ser325 and Ser428. The phosphorylation of LKB-1 causes the dissociation of LKB-1 from AMPK, resulting in the impaired activation of AMPK." SIGNOR-244595 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253494 S100A8 protein P05109 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000876 16690079 t miannu "Calcium-induced complexes of S100A8 and S100A9 have been shown to colocalize with microtubules (MTs) during activation of monocytes. Functional analyses demonstrated that the complexes are involved in cytoskeletal organization and that they directly bind to tubulin and promote tubulin polymerization in a calcium-dependent manner" SIGNOR-261937 neratinib chemical CHEBI:61397 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194631 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser82 HSISYTLsRAQTVVV 9606 BTO:0000007 12496252 t lperfetto "In this article we demonstrate that pellino 1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites by irak1 or irak4 in vitro. The key residues involved in activation are located between residues 76 and 86 (ser-76, ser-78, thr-80, ser-82, and thr-86) and at thr-288 and ser-293, just n-terminal to the ring-like domain that carries the e3 ligase activity. Unusually, we found that the phosphorylation of ser-76 or thr-288 or ser-293 alone was sufficient for maximal activation" SIGNOR-96747 Upf-EJC complex SIGNOR-C367 SIGNOR "Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay" phenotype SIGNOR-PH175 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 17803942 t miannu "The three Up-frameshift (Upf) proteins, Upf1, Upf2, and Upf3 that together form the Upf complex, constitute the conserved core of NMD from yeast to humans. hUpf3b Forms Multiple Contacts with the EJC and Depends on hUpf2 for Complex Formation with hUpf1. the hUpf complex communicates with the EJC and triggers NMD in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-265239 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr53 KEPSEVPtPKRPRGR 9606 17960875 t gcesareni "Here, we found that hipk2 phosphorylates hmga1a at ser-35, thr-52, and thr-77, and hmga1b at thr-41 and thr-66. In addition, we demonstrated that cdc2, which is known to phosphorylate hmga1 proteins, could induce the phosphorylation of hmga1 proteins at the same ser/thr sites. we found that the hipk2-phosphorylated hmga1a reduced the binding affinity of hmga1a to human germ line promoter, and the drop in binding affinity induced by hipk2 phosphorylation was lower than that introduced by cdc2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-158620 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1056 FLTQRRPsASSPNNN 9606 BTO:0000007 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. We found that phosphorylated PHF2 then associates with ARID5B, a DNA-binding protein, and induce demethylation of methylated ARID5B. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2-ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark. Replacement of all of four serine residues by alanines (4SA: Ser 757/Ser 899/Ser 954/Ser 1056) fully abrogated PKA phosphorylation of PHF2 (Fig. 2h)." SIGNOR-264513 MAP3K10 protein Q02779 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr355 NFSSSPStPVGSPQG 9606 19801649 t llicata "Mlk2 inhibits e47 transactivation activity on the trkb promote" SIGNOR-161544 CEBPE protein Q15744 UNIPROT CEBPG protein P53567 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15588942 t miannu "C/EBP-epsilon interacts with C/EBP-gamma through the leucine-zipper containing domain. C/EBP-epsilon and C/EBP-gamma synergistically activate transcription of lactoferrin promoter" SIGNOR-224900 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Tyr69 NESGLTEyRLVSINK -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263564 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 KVTSKCGsLGNIHHK -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation of tau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably the KXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320). This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau's affinity for microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau's assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-250174 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-268073 "AMG 900" chemical CID:24856041 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189495 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser664 IDPGADLsQYKMDVT 9606 BTO:0000150 10910365 t llicata "Atm phosphorylates ctip at serine residues 664 and 745 our study suggests another dna damage-response pathway in which the signal is transmitted through phosphorylation of ctip by atm, leading to dissociation of the ctip_ctbp repressor complex from brca1, which in turn, activate transcription of gadd45" SIGNOR-79872 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 33082139 f "P35637:p.Pro525Leu (mutation increasing interaction); P35637:p.Pro521Gly (mutation increasing interaction)" "When mTORC2 is inhibited, FUS is recruited to polyribosomes to promote translation inhibition and polyribosome stalling. Panel iv, ALS-FUS R521G and P525L mutants that localize more prominently to the cytoplasm also associate more abundantly with polyribosomes to inhibit translation and protein synthesis." SIGNOR-262820 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-235712 GPR17 protein Q13304 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256835 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT PHB2 protein Q99623 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser91 RARPRKIsSPTGSKD 9606 BTO:0000887 21689744 t lperfetto "Here we show that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase iv (camk iv) specifically binds to the c terminus of phb2 and phosphorylates phb2 at serine 91. Camk iv effectively decreased phb2-mediated repression of mef2 activity through phosphorylation" SIGNOR-174437 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM40 protein Q6P9F5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271170 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t gcesareni "The syk-family kinases (syk and zap-70) were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site on sch1 (iso2)." SIGNOR-59643 S1PR5 protein Q9H228 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256819 CD3G protein P09693 UNIPROT CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12507424 t miannu "The T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) serves a critical role in the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells, and receptor triggering elicits a complex set of biological responses that serve to protect the organism from infectious agents. The receptor is composed of six different chains that form the TCR heterodimer responsible for ligand recognition, as well as the CD3γε, CD3δε, and ζζ signaling modules." SIGNOR-255296 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270381 MRPS15 protein P82914 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261455 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser68 GQNGEEKsPPNASHP -1 15850461 t miannu "CapZIP was also phosphorylated rapidly by SAPK3/p38γ and SAPK4/p38δ, and even faster and more extensively by JNK1α1, these protein kinases phosphorylating CapZIP in vitro to >3, approx. 2 and >5 mol of phosphate/mol of protein respectively within a few minutes. Following tryptic digestion and C18 chromatography, further sites phosphorylated by JNK1α1 were identified as Ser-68, Ser-83 and Ser-216 (results not shown), and are highlighted in Figure 3.Using this antibody, we showed by immunoblotting that bacterially expressed CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-108 by SAPK4/p38δ, JNK1α1 and ERK2 in vitro, as well as by SAPK3/p38γ (results not shown).An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263084 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr169 FLPRHRDtGILDSIG -1 2413024 t miannu "Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-165" SIGNOR-250015 PBRM1 protein Q86U86 UNIPROT CRABP2 protein P29373 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15601824 f miannu "We found that baf180 deficiency leads to a decreased expression of select target genes, such as s100a13 and ra targets rar_2 and crabpii in heart tissues." SIGNOR-131552 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that specifically activates rhoa and rhoc" SIGNOR-171347 TRPS1 protein Q9UHF7 UNIPROT GDF5 protein P43026 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0005092 18363966 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Treatment of cells with Gdf5 enhanced Trps1 protein levels and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear translocation of Trps1 was also induced by Gdf5. These effects were blocked by a dominant negative form of activin-linked kinase 6 (dn-Alk6) and by SB203580, an inhibitor of the p38 MAPK pathway. Conversely, Gdf5 expression was suppressed by the over-expression of Trps1." SIGNOR-251866 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser232 ITLERGNsGLGFSIA 9534 BTO:0000298 12933808 t llicata "Synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97), a member of membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein family, has been implicated in the processes of targeting ionotropic glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites. | We show here that SAP97 is directly associated with NR2A through its PDZ1 domain, and CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of SAP97-Ser-232 disrupts NR2A interaction both in an in vitro pull-out assay and in transfected COS-7 cells. Moreover, expression of SAP97(S232D) mutant has effects similar to those observed upon constitutively activating CaMKII." SIGNOR-250618 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT UBE2S protein Q16763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19822757 t lperfetto "Ube2S depends on the cell cycle-dependent association with the APC/C activators Cdc20 and Cdh1 for its activity" SIGNOR-265081 eprosartan chemical CHEBI:4814 ChEBI AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1309870 t miannu "The angiotensin II (AII) antagonist activity of (E)-alpha-[[2-butyl-1-[(4-carboxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-imidazol-5- yl]methylene]-2-thiophenepropanoic acid (SK&F 108566), was examined in a number of in vitro and in vivo assays." SIGNOR-258347 CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser174 TPAVPPVsEDEDDDD 19520772 t lperfetto "CDK11p58 phosphorylation of PAK1 Ser174 promotes DLC2 binding and roles on cell cycle progression|We show that PAK1 is a substrate of CDK11p58 and can be strongly activated upon phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273129 "bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17747 ChEBI HCAR2 protein Q8TDS4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "We discovered that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), two of the highest volume production agents, were potent activators of human CAR2 (hCAR2), a unique human CAR splice variant and, to a lesser degree, human PXR (hPXR)." SIGNOR-268772 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT VIL1 protein P09327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr81 EQGAAAIyTTQMDDF 9606 BTO:0000567 15342783 t lperfetto "These data suggest that phosphorylation of villin by c-src is involved in the actin cytoskeleton remodeling necessary for cell migration.To further investigate the role of tyrosine phosphorylated villin in cell migration, we used phosphorylation site mutants (tyrosine to phenylalanine or tyrosine to glutamic acid) in HeLa cells. We determined that tyrosine phosphorylation at residues 60, 81, and 256 of human villin played an essential role in cell migration as well as in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton" SIGNOR-247441 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222;BTO:0001946 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001760 15851482 f lperfetto "Mirk diminishes the extent of myoblast apoptosis during the differentiation process, at least in part by direct modulation of p21cip1 localization." SIGNOR-235731 (D-Ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly-ol(5))enkephalin chemical CHEBI:272 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258783 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr453 SGPIIIRtPTVGPNG 9606 BTO:0000552 14744793 t gcesareni "We showed that perifosine activates the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and this activation promotes the phosphorylation of sp1 in known mitogen-activated protein kinase residues (threonine 453 and 739), thereby leading to increased sp1 binding and enhanced p21(waf1/cip1) transcription." SIGNOR-248062 D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the Œ±2Œ≤Œ≥ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into Œ±-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-266250 PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements. PER and CRY proteins form heterodimers and suppress the activity of the BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) completing the feedback loop." SIGNOR-267973 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000584 23175188 f miannu "Here we demonstrated that the class III histone deacetylase SIRT2 was upregulated by N-Myc in neuroblastoma cells and by c-Myc in pancreatic cancer cells, and that SIRT2 enhanced N-Myc and c-Myc protein stability and promoted cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255146 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SGO1 protein Q5FBB7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr346 LEEGVHLtPFRQKVS 9606 24055156 t lperfetto "The complex between shugoshin and protein phosphatase 2A (Sgo1-PP2A) localizes to centromeres in mitosis, binds to cohesin in a reaction requiring Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of Sgo1, dephosphorylates cohesin-bound sororin, and protects a centromeric pool of cohesin from mitotic kinases and the cohesin inhibitor Wapl." SIGNOR-265263 NME2 protein P22392 UNIPROT NME2 protein P22392 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation His118 QVGRNIIhGSDSVKS -1 8132589 t miannu "Using site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA encoding NM23-H2, we have created a mutant substituting for the amino acid histidine 118, the presumed site of phosphorylation in the formation of the phosphoenzyme intermediate, the nonphosphorylatable amino acid phenylalanine. The H118F mutant protein is shown to be catalytically inactive" SIGNOR-250304 ARG1 protein P05089 UNIPROT L-ornithine smallmolecule CHEBI:15729 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14617280 t miannu "Arginase generates ornithine, an aminoacid that can be further metabolized to proline via ornithine aminotransferase and to polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)" SIGNOR-255545 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 phosphorylation:Ser672 TLYDRYSsPPASTTR 12435635 t miannu " The activity of the ubiquitin ligase complex Skp1-Cul1/Cdc53-F-box protein Skp2 (SCF(Skp2)) and the proteasome were necessary for p130 degradation. In vitro, recombinant Skp2 was able to bind hyperphosphorylated but not dephosphorylated p130. Furthermore, in vitro polyubiquitination of p130 by SCF(Skp2) was specifically dependent on phosphorylation of p130 on Serine 672. " SIGNOR-272598 SCAF11 protein Q99590 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp333 DTVAENDdGGFSEEW -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261742 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser88 RPSDEDSsSLESAAS -1 12852856 t lperfetto "Here, we identify a centrosomal plk1 substrate, termed nlp (ninein-like protein), whose properties suggest an important role in microtubule organization. Nlp interacts with two components of the gamma-tubulin ring complex and stimulates microtubule nucleation. Plk1 phosphorylates nlp and disrupts both its centrosome association and its gamma-tubulin interaction" SIGNOR-103356 NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19479054 f "Using antisense inhibition we disrupted the expression of NKX2-5 and studied changes in expression of cardiac-associated genes. Down-regulation of NKX2-5 resulted in increased beta-catenin while GATA4 was decreased. We demonstrated that this regulation was conferred by binding of NKX2-5 to specific elements (NKEs) in the promoter region of the beta-catenin and GATA4 genes. Using promoter-luciferase reporter assay combined with mutational analysis of the NKEs we demonstrated that the identified NKX2-5 binding sites were essential for the suppression of beta-catenin, and upregulation of GATA4 by NKX2-5." SIGNOR-253654 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr38 CADVPLLtPSSKEMM 9606 12048211 t gcesareni "9-cis retinoid x receptor alpha (rxr alpha) interacted with erk2 but not erk5 in intact cells, whereas ets-1 interacted preferentially with erk5. Increased phosphorylation of rxr alpha and ets-1 was detected in response to 1,25d. Activated erk2 and erk5 specifically phosphorylated rxr alpha and ets-1, respectively.Mutagenesis of ets-1 (t38a) reduced cyp24 promoter activity to levels observed with the dominant-negative mek5(a) and inhibited erk5-directed phosphorylation. Mutated rxr alpha (s260a) inhibited 1,25d-induced cyp24 promoter activity and abolished phosphorylation by activated erk2." SIGNOR-88666 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14623893 f miannu "The sodium/iodide symporter mediates the active transport of iodide in thyroid follicular cells. A number of agents regulate NIS expression; among these, TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of both iodide uptake and NIS gene expression" SIGNOR-259912 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1626 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269348 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 15843435 t llicata "Grk2 phosphorylates glutathione s-transferase (gst)-ezrin, but not an ezrin fusion protein lacking threonine 567 (t567), in vitro. These results suggest that t567, the regulatory phosphorylation site responsible for maintaining ezrin in its active conformation, represents the principle site of grk2-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-135622 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24692351 f scontino "Skeletal muscle has been recognized as a key TH target for contractile function, regeneration, and transport as well as for metabolism and glucose disposal (237, 238). TH stimulation favors transition to fast-twitch fibers and transition to a faster myosin heavy chain (MHC) form." SIGNOR-267620 RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser32 LLDDRHDsGLDSMKD 9606 20385620 t gcesareni "Rsk2 is activated by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alfa (tnf-alfa) and directly phosphorylates ikbalfa at ser-32, leading to ikbalfa degradation." SIGNOR-164790 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr751 SKDESVDyVPMLDMK -1 7545675 t "Upon activation, the βPDGFR is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine residues and thereby becomes a docking site for SH2-domain-containing signal transduction proteins.|While all phosphotyrosine sites on the βPDGFR are equally good targets for rPTP1B, maps of the βPDGFR dephosphorylated by rSyp showed that rSyp had a distinct preference for certain sites (Fig. 4 D-F). The low dose of rSyp primarily dephosphorylated spots 1, 6, 7, 9, and to a lesser extent 8a|Spot 1 corresponds to tyrosine 751; spot 3 corresponds to tyrosine 1009; spot 6 corresponds to tyrosine 740; spot 8b corresponds to tyrosine 1021; spot 9 corresponds to tyrosine 771, and spots 2, 7, and 8a are as yet unidentified phosphopeptides" SIGNOR-248414 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT UBQLN4 protein Q9NRR5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser318 GNSDSSSsQPLRTEN 9606 BTO:0001938 30612738 t lperfetto "These results suggest that UBQLN4 phosphorylation on S318 is functionally important for its role in the DSB response.>Particularly HRR is dependent on ATM activity (Dietlein et al., 2014). Here, we showed that UBQLN4 is an ATM substrate and that DSB sealing is markedly impaired in UBQLN4-depleted cells. HRR depends on a 5′-3′ DSB end resection, which is initiated by the MRE11 nuclease" SIGNOR-265076 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser7 sSAEGAAK 9606 10739259 t gcesareni "Peptide mass and sequence analysis showed major and minor phosphorylation sites, respectively, at ser24 and ser28 in hmg-17, and ser20 and ser24 in hmg-14 a third phosphorylation site in hmg-14 was located at either ser6 or ser7phosphorylation of ser6 and ser7 may compromise the binding of hmgn1 protein to the binding domain of importin proteins, which in turn affects the nuclear transport and sub-cellular localization of hmgn1 protein. Protein kinase ck2 could potentially be an enzyme that regulates this process." SIGNOR-76266 "Immunoglobulin delta heavy chain" protein P0DOX3 UNIPROT BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 20176268 t scontino "Immunoglobulins (Igs) belong to the eponymous immunoglobulin super-family (IgSF). They consist of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains, where the L chain can consist of either a κ or a λ chain. There are five main classes of heavy chain C domains. Each class defines the IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE isotypes." SIGNOR-268195 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 9606 9566877 t Luana " In vitro, FAK directly phosphorylated Shc Tyr-317 to promote Grb2 binding. FAK can associate and directly phosphorylate Shc at Tyr-317 to promote Grb2 binding and low-level signaling to ERK2." SIGNOR-259854 TRIB3 protein Q96RU7 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000759 12791994 t llicata "TRB3 expression is induced in liver under fasting conditions, and TRB3 disrupts insulin signaling by binding directly to Akt and blocking activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-237850 KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31374292 t miannu "The retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2) belongs to the KDM5 family, and is also known as JARID1A or KDM5A. We found that histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase RBP2 expression is negatively correlated with BCR-ABL expression, which suggests a regulatory link between these two genes. We also discovered that RBP2 mediates the dephosphorylation of BCR-ABL by directly downregulating PTEN expression, depending on histone demethylase activity, while PTEN targets protein phosphatase activity of BCR-ABL, a phosphatase which directly dephosphorylates BCR-ABL." SIGNOR-260079 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259026 GALR2 protein O43603 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256884 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 1303753 t gcesareni "Lar ptpase shows strong preference for dephosphorylation first at py5 (at tri-, di-, and monophosphotyrosyl levels). Initially this regioselectivity gives the y5(py9)(py10) diphospho regioisomer, followed by equal dephosphorylation at py9 or py10 to give the corresponding monophosphoryl species on the way to fully dephosphorylated product." SIGNOR-16247 LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 25526788 f miannu "The overexpression of LRRC4/NGL-2 suppresses glioma cell growth, angiogenesis and invasion through complicated signaling regulation networks." SIGNOR-264060 lenvatinib chemical CHEBI:85994 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191457 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-156852 ELOC protein Q15369 UNIPROT NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000672 22001063 t gcesareni "Using proteomic techniques, several components of the elongin c complex were identified as candidate notch4(icd) interactors. Elongin c complexes can function as ubiquitin ligases capable of regulating proteasomal degradation of specific protein substrates. Our studies indicate that ectopic elongin c expression stimulates notch4(icd) degradation and inhibits its transcriptional activity in human kidney tubule hk11 cells." SIGNOR-176779 KLF14 protein Q8TD94 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 19088080 f lperfetto "Mechanistically, KLF14 represses the TGFbetaRII promoter via a co-repressor complex containing mSin3A and HDAC2." SIGNOR-271696 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1647 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269339 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004850 14594802 f miannu "We find that LEF-1 and CBFalpha co-activate ELA2 expression." SIGNOR-254553 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT ANKRD2 protein Q9GZV1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 QERVRKTsLDLRREI 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 21737686 t llicata "In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that akt phosphorylates ankrd2 at ser-99. moreover, the forced expression of a phosphorylation-defective mutant form of ankrd2 in c2c12 myoblasts promoted a faster differentiation program, implicating akt-dependent phosphorylation at ser-99 in the negative regulation of myogenesis in response to stress conditions." SIGNOR-236978 ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31226023 t miannu "Apart from ER protein chaperones, ATF6 also induces the expression of CHOP and XBP1, thereby connecting the three UPR branches into an integrated signaling network" SIGNOR-260184 UIMC1 protein Q96RL1 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 17525342 t gcesareni "Rap80 specifically recruits brca1 to dna damage sites and functions with brca1 in g2/m checkpoint control" SIGNOR-155201 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1917 SPTSPTYsPTSPKYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself. Cellular kinase cdk9 phosphorylates serine-2 in the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rnap ii" SIGNOR-203592 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser380 EPDHYRYsDTTDSDP 9606 22413754 t miannu "Overall, our results suggest that PTEN autodephosphorylation may be a critical event in this process; thus a major protein substrate for PTEN may be PTEN itself.|Various studies have demonstrated that PTEN is itself a phosphoprotein, and that the major sites of phosphorylation are found in an acidic stretch (DHYRYSDTTDSDPENE) near the C-terminus [1]. This prompted us to consider whether PTEN may autodephosphorylate these sites" SIGNOR-248544 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT ICAM3 protein P32942 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser518 REHQRSGsYHVREES 9606 BTO:0000661 9268366 t lperfetto "Ser489 was a phosphorylation site in vitro for recombinant protein kinase Ctheta. Finally, treatment of Jurkat cells with chelerythrine chloride, a protein kinase C inhibitor, prevented ICAM-3-triggered spreading. " SIGNOR-248979 MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 19805145 t miannu "MTA1 destabilizes COP1 by promoting its autoubiquitination. in addition to polyubiquitination of its substrates, COP1 also catalyzes its autoubiquitination for degradation as a part of an autoregulatory mechanism" SIGNOR-271892 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18805788 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-181271 PP2 chemical CHEBI:78331 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000142 11782488 t gcesareni "Herbimycin a and pp2, specific inhibitors of src family kinases, both inhibited h2o2-mediated c-src and bmk1 activation." SIGNOR-113776 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR DTX3L protein Q8TDB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270952 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI SH2B3 protein Q9UQQ2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17620431 t miannu "Pazopanib inhibition of a number of kinases outside of the VEGFR family was also determined. These included Abl1; Akt3; activin-like kinase 6; cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin A; cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A; c-fms; c-Kit; epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB2; ErbB4; EphB4; focal adhesion kinase; FGF receptors (FGFR) 1, 2, and 3; Flt-3; glycogen synthase kinase 3; insulin-like growth factor type I receptor; insulin receptor; interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase; c-jun NH2-terminal kinases 1, 2, and 3; lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (murine); Met; p38α; PDGFRα and PDGFRβ; protein kinase C-β1 and -β2; polo-like kinases 1 and 3; Ret; Src; Syk; Tie-2; and Wee1. All assays were conducted using purified, recombinantly expressed catalytic domains of the kinases. " SIGNOR-259169 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser886 PVDPRRRsLPAGDAL 9606 22072711 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q92974-2" gcesareni "We also show that par1b-induced serine 885/serine 959 phosphorylation inhibits rhoa-specific gef activity of gef-h1. As a consequence, gef-h1 phosphorylated on both of the serine residues loses the ability to stimulate rhoa and thereby fails to induce rhoa-dependent stress fiber formation" SIGNOR-177096 NCK1 protein P16333 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11157752 t lperfetto "Both nck and grb4 proteins could associate with receptor tyrosine kinases and the sh3-binding proteins pak, sos1, and prk2, and they synergized with v-abl and sos to induce gene expression via the transcription factor elk-1. Association of nck with pak1 may serve to link this important regulatory kinase to cell activation by growth factor receptors." SIGNOR-235947 PFK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF79 SIGNOR "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266474 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM2A protein Q9Y2K7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271566 TFG protein Q92734 UNIPROT SEC16B protein Q96JE7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21478858 t miannu "We identify tfg-1, a new conserved regulator of protein secretion that interacts directly with sec-16 and controls the export of cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum in caenorhabditis elegans. Hydrodynamic studies indicate that tfg-1 forms hexamers that facilitate the co-assembly of sec-16 with copii subunits." SIGNOR-173279 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 7737130 t gcesareni "Stimulation of atf-2-dependent transactivation by genotoxic agents requires the presence of threonines 69 and 71 located in the n-terminal transactivation domain. These sites are the target of p54 and p46 stress-activated protein kinases (sapks) which bind to, and phosphorylate atf-2 in vitro." SIGNOR-32421 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22049910 t miannu "Glutaminase (GLS1/2) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine to L-glutamate and ammonia." SIGNOR-266906 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 15621017 t "Thus, the increased immunoreactivity of CaMKII-α of the remaining neurons may be the consequence of the altered calcium dynamics in neurons. There is evidence indicating that CaMKII might participate in tau phosphorylation in AD." SIGNOR-255490 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUP210 protein Q8TEM1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1881 SPPSGLWsPAYASH -1 8672508 t miannu "In vitro phosphorylation of GST fusion protein containing the carboxyl-terminal domain of gp210 by cyclin B-p34cdc2 protein kinase generates a phosphopeptide that comigrates with a mitosis-specific phosphopeptide. Ser1880 Is the Mitotic Phosphorylation Site of Gp210." SIGNOR-262699 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 10571231 t miannu "Synapsins are exclusively localized to synaptic vesicles, which they coat as peripheral membrane proteins; they probably constitute one of the most abundant neuronal PKA substrates. Our study reveals an unexpectedly dynamic state of synapsins in nerve terminals: any changes in PKA or CaM Kinase I activity will modulate the amount of synapsin on synaptic vesicles. PKA Activation Triggers Synapsin Dissociation" SIGNOR-264108 KDM3B protein Q7LBC6 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0005964 19194461 t miannu "We show that Jhdm2a expression is induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation, and that Jhdm2a directly regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Ppara) and Ucp1 expression." SIGNOR-266637 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT SIGLEC10 protein Q96LC7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr667 ESQEELHyATLNFPG 9606 11733002 t lperfetto "These results suggest that the tyrosines at positions 597 and 667, contained within itim-like motifs, are likely targets of phosphorylation by several classes of signaling molecules, including lck, jak3, and emt. The tyrosine located at position y691 was also contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by lck and jak3 kinases. Phosphorylation of the tyrosine located at position 667 in an itim motif appears to be necessary for the recruitment of shp-1 and partial recruitment of shp-2" SIGNOR-112475 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser877 CFSSRRSsEASQAEG 9606 10693759 t lperfetto "Ci/gli zinc finger proteins mediate the transcriptional effects of hedgehog protein signals. In drosophila, ci action as transcriptional repressor or activator is contingent upon hedgehog-regulated, pka-dependent proteolytic processingall six pka phosphorylation sites are required for processing of gli3." SIGNOR-75351 COPS4 protein Q9BT78 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270762 TLK2 protein Q86UE8 UNIPROT ASF1B protein Q9NVP2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser198 PGLLPENsMDCI 9606 20016786 t Manara "We found that only S192A in hASF1a and S198A in hASF1b significantly affected phosphorylation by hTLK2 | hASF1b stability does not appear to depend on phosphorylation by TLKs, but recently it has been shown that hASF1b transcription is controlled by the cell-cycle regulated E2F transcription factors" SIGNOR-260788 OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257368 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr743 PQAHYNMyPQNPDSV 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000150 11751923 t llicata "Novel activation of stat5b in response to epidermal growth factor. novel activation of stat5b in response to epidermal growth factor." SIGNOR-113401 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr216 RSSSSEStGTPSNPD 10090 11983168 t "cyclin G also binds in vivo and in vitro to Mdm2 and markedly stimulates the ability of PP2A to dephosphorylate Mdm2 at T216. Consistent with these data, cyclin G null cells have both Mdm2 that is hyperphosphorylated at T216 and markedly higher levels of p53 protein when compared to wild-type cells" SIGNOR-248636 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 TMKTFCGtPEYLAPE 10090 BTO:0005655 23142783 t gcesareni "GSK3_ negatively regulates AKT activation by phosphorylating AKT at T312 in the substrate binding site, which inhibited IL-1-induced AKT activation and function." SIGNOR-252455 UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "We used MuRF1 as the E3 as it functions with all these E2s to ubiquitinate one of its typical substrates, troponin I Although UbcH1 and UbcH13/Uev1a support ubiquitination of troponin I by MuRF1, these E2s do not support ubiquitination of S5a, unlike Class I E2s." SIGNOR-272737 MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT DHX9 protein Q08211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002042 20696886 t miannu "We further showed that both DHX9 and DHX36 are localized within the cytosol and are directly bound to the Toll-interleukin receptor domain of MyD88 via their helicase-associated domain 2 and DUF domains. This study demonstrates that DHX9/DHX36 represent the MyD88-dependent DNA sensors in the cytosol of pDCs and suggests a much broader role for DHX helicases in viral sensing." SIGNOR-260955 SIK2 protein Q9H0K1 UNIPROT CEP250 protein Q9BV73 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser2394 LHHSLSHsLLAVAQA 9606 20708153 t lperfetto "Remarkably, lc-ms confirmed that the predominant serine phosphorylation site of the recombinant carboxy-terminal domain of c-nap1 is s2392 at the predicted consensus phosphorylation sequence and to a lesser extent s2394." SIGNOR-167492 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr17 PSEGEEStVRFARKG -1 2377895 t lperfetto "Thus four peptides containing six major sites of intrapeptide autophosphorylation of protein kinase C have been identified. | Phosphoamino acid analyses indicated that only the NH2-terminal peptide contained phosphoserine. The modified residue was determined to be Ser16" SIGNOR-248868 CDON/SPAG9 complex SIGNOR-C21 SIGNOR ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT unknown binding 9606 19470755 t lperfetto "We report that abl associates with both cdo and jlp during myoblast differentiation" SIGNOR-217019 "perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:39421 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10090 BTO:0000011 16731579 t miannu "Human, mouse, and rat PPARα were activated by PFOA isomers and PFOS." SIGNOR-268789 SUV39H1 protein O43463 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002267 23435416 f lperfetto "The methyl marks H3K9me3 on the myoD promoter and H3K27me3 on the myogenin promoter have been shown to be under the control of the histone methyl transferase KMT1A and the HDM KDM4A, respectively, during normal myogenesis. In addition, KMT1A has recently been shown to play a role in ARMS by inhibiting myogenic differentiation" SIGNOR-249601 PCM1 protein Q15154 UNIPROT PCNT protein O95613 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12403812 t miannu "Rna silencing of pcm-1 leads to reduced assembly of centrin, pericentrin, and ninein at the centrosome" SIGNOR-95117 AGPAT5 protein Q9NUQ2 UNIPROT "1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57970 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21173190 t lperfetto "The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA).¬†" SIGNOR-267012 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10050749 t lperfetto "Growth hormone induces insulin-like growth factor-I gene transcription by a synergistic action of STAT5 and HNF-1α" SIGNOR-251720 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21310273 t miannu "GFPT1 catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from glutamine onto fructose-6-phosphate, yielding glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) and glutamate. This transamidase reaction has been identified as the first and rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is the obligatory source of essential amino sugars for the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans" SIGNOR-267814 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "P53 regulates basal expression of AIF and SCO2 and facilitates oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, and HK2 is negatively regulated by p53, whereas TIGAR expression is induced by p53. The net result of p53-mediated regulation of these glycolytic enzymes is the suppression of glycolysis. In addition, p53 directly binds and inhibits G6PD activity and downregulates the pentose phosphate pathway." SIGNOR-267466 CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 PAAAPASsSDPAAAA 19245811 t lperfetto "EIF3f is phosphorylated by CDK11p46 at Ser46 during apoptosis.|Phosphorylation of eIF3f plays an important role in regulating its function in translation and apoptosis. Phosphorylation of eIF3f enhances the association of eIF3f with the core eIF3 subunits during apoptosis. " SIGNOR-273134 EIF1 protein P41567 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 14600024 f lperfetto "Binding of eIF1 to the 40S subunit would block access of the 60S" SIGNOR-269144 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 EVVGGDDsDGLRAED 9606 23226345 t lperfetto "More recently, we identified and mapped multiple phosphorylation sites in yy1, including, threonine 39, serine 118, serine 247, threonine 348 and threonine 378. The first kinase proven to phosphorylate yy1 in vivo was plk1, which phosphorylates threonine 39 during g2/m stage of the cell cycle [25]. Ck2_ is another kinase identified as constitutively phosphorylating yy1 at serine 118. This modification protects yy1 cleavage by caspase 7 during apoptosis" SIGNOR-200083 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser133 LPYSPVSsPQSSPRL 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Cdk5 and gsk3 phosphorylate ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137. Mutation of ser-129, ser-133, and ser-137 increases autonomous activity with little change in ca2 /cam-dependent activity." SIGNOR-198126 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT BRSK1 protein Q8TDC3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr189 VGDSLLEtSCGSPHY 9606 14976552 t lperfetto "Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1we recently demonstrated that the lkb1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase strad and the scaffolding protein mo25, phosphorylates and activates amp-activated protein kinase (ampk). A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold" SIGNOR-122413 Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine chemical CID:94880 PUBCHEM KCNN1 protein Q92952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258026 MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr219 AEHQYFMtEYVATRW 9606 BTO:0000567 20667468 t miannu "ERK5 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that, after stimulation, is activated selectively by dual phosphorylation in the TEY motif by MAPK kinase 5 (MEK5). ERK5 is activated selectively by dual phosphorylation on Thr218 and Tyr220 in the TEY motif by its only upstream kinase, MEK5, a member of the MEK" SIGNOR-259824 TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT BBC3 protein Q96PG8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23684607 f miannu "The transcription factor TCF3, also known as E2A, drives p21 expression while repressing PUMA across cancer cell types of multiple origins." SIGNOR-255386 "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR PUM1 protein Q14671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31320642 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in bulk mRNA decay, CCR4-NOT can also catalyze the deadenylation or promote translational repression of specific mRNA targets to which it is recruited by RNA binding proteins, such as Nanos, Roquin and Puf/Pumilio proteins" SIGNOR-268351 INTS8 protein Q75QN2 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261472 RAB32 protein Q13637 UNIPROT "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23247405 t miannu "Rab32 and Rab38 interact physically and colocalize with BLOC-2, AP-1 and AP-3|These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 operate in the same pathways previously defined for AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2 and suggest they are the specific proteins that divert AP-1, AP-3 and BLOC-2-dependent cargoes to maturing melanosomes and away from lysosomes." SIGNOR-268524 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16530044 t gcesareni "Maml-1 is preassociated with other components of the transcriptional machinery, such as p300" SIGNOR-145057 1038915-60-4 chemical CID:24958200 PUBCHEM PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194399 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT TNFRSF11A protein Q9Y6Q6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10075662 t miannu "TRAF6 interacts with a novel motif located between residues 340 and 358 of RANK. TRAF6-binding region (340-358), but not the TRAF2 or TRAF5-binding region, is necessary and sufficient for RANK-induced NF-kappaB activation." SIGNOR-253045 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp324 RMQSLQLdCVAVPSS 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000093;BTO:0000567 10521396 t amattioni "These results suggested that the aspartic acid at position 324 is the cleavage site of ripk1. In this study we found that receptor-interacting protein (ripk1) is cleaved by casp8 when cells undergo tnf-induced apoptosis. The cleavage of ripk1 abolished its nf-kb inducing ability." SIGNOR-256442 MRGPRD protein Q8TDS7 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0000801 30918468 f Luana "Our data suggested that both Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, through their respective receptors Mas and MrgD, promote an anti-inflammatory reprogramming of M(LPS+IFN-γ)/M1 macrophages under inflammatory circumstances and potentiate the reprogramming induced by IL-4." SIGNOR-262310 CRYBB2 protein P43320 UNIPROT CRYBB1 protein P53674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16319073 t miannu "At high concentrations or in the lens, βB2-crystallin forms hetero-oligomers with other β-crystallins. These oligomeric β-crystallins further participate in the formation of a supramolecular assembly that is important in lens function-lens transparency." SIGNOR-252153 CD27 protein P26842 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12324477 f gcesareni "Cd40 ligation up-regulated bcl-2 and bcl-xl as much as 9.7- (p < 0.01) and 6.8-fold (p < 0.01), respectively (fig. 2, b and c). Under similar conditions, cd27 ligation also up-regulated bcl-2 and bcl-xl as much as 5.0- (p < 0.01) and 3.9-fold (p < 0.01), respectively." SIGNOR-93317 ITPRIPL1 protein Q6GPH6 UNIPROT ITPR1 protein Q14643 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 21368195 t "Induces Ca2+ release that increases the binding affinity of Shh for Boc." gcesareni "Recruitment of g protein also can activate phospholipase c (plc) that in turn increases inositol triphosphate (ip3) levels and induces ca2+ release from internal stores." SIGNOR-172497 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser447 GSPRTPVsPVKFSPG 9606 21035469 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-169154 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 33082139 f "When mTORC2 is inhibited, FUS is recruited to polyribosomes to promote translation inhibition and polyribosome stalling. Panel iv, ALS-FUS R521G and P525L mutants that localize more prominently to the cytoplasm also associate more abundantly with polyribosomes to inhibit translation and protein synthesis." SIGNOR-262819 PHF21A protein Q96BD5 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 16140033 t miannu "BHC80 Inhibits LSD1 Demethylase Activity In Vitro. in contrast to CoREST, which is a positive regulator of LSD1 activity, the in vitro evidence presented above suggests that BHC80 may function to inhibit LSD1 activity." SIGNOR-264505 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser730 VLDTMNDsLSKILLD 9606 19737929 t lperfetto "It has been reported that plk1 could directly phosphorylate foxm1 at ser-715 and ser-724 for full activation and proper mitotic progression" SIGNOR-187888 KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‚Äê and di‚Äê methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-265334 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HLA-E protein P13747 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 8206526 f miannu "In melanoma, HLA class I expression is suppressed by overexpression of the c-myc oncogene." SIGNOR-254604 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp329 EMEEDSYdSFGEPSY -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261752 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 10712517 t gcesareni "Using several complementary approaches, we investigated the formation of homomeric and heteromeric complexes between the two known bmp type i receptors" SIGNOR-75652 olanzapine chemical CHEBI:7735 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Several compounds proposed as ‘atypical’ antipsychoticagents were found to exhibit agonist activity at 5-HT1A EC values were greater than the respective Kvalues50i .21.8""5.8-fold difference,ns10 and a high degree of correlation was observed. All the compounds displayed high or marked bind-ing affinity at CHO-h5-HT1A receptors except for olanzapine, which exhibited a micromolar Kvalue at h5-HTi1A receptors (table3)." SIGNOR-258834 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 10852916 t llicata "We found that grk-mediated phosphorylation inhibits synuclein's interaction with both phospholipids and pld2. These findings suggest that gpcrs may be able to indirectly stimulate pld2 activity via their ability to regulate grk-promoted phosphorylation of synuclein." SIGNOR-78333 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10085140 t gcesareni "Our results indicate that atf-2 not only directly binds to smad3/4 hetero-oligomers but also that atf-2 is phosphorylated by tgf-beta signaling via tak1 and p38. The two pathways, smad and tak1, synergistically enhance the activity of atf-2 which acts as their common nuclear target" SIGNOR-65589 HSPH1 protein Q92598 UNIPROT HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19754877 f miannu "Hsp105beta upregulates hsp70 gene expression through signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Hsp105beta induces Hsp70 expression markedly through the STAT3 pathway in heat-shocked cells. This may represent the mechanism that connects the heat shock protein and STAT families for cell defense against deleterious stress." SIGNOR-255242 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HERC5 protein Q9UII4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271297 SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR Chemotaxis phenotype SIGNOR-PH93 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15526160 f apalma "The SFK family of tyrosine kinases is named after its prototypic family member c-Src. SCF-induced chemotaxis of Mo7 cells was dependent on SFK activity" SIGNOR-254996 STAT2 protein P52630 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17923090 t lperfetto "We then examined STAT2 acetylation within the b-barrel DBD. A direct interaction between the STAT2-DBD (315485) and STAT1 was detected (Figure 6E) (Li et al., 1997)." SIGNOR-217957 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr310 VPPLPKVtPTKELQQ 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t lperfetto "Recent studies show that phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 prd by cdk5 inhibited the association of amphiphysin1 with ap-2 in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (7, 8) similar to that by mapk (present report). Cdk5 appears to phosphorylate amphiphysin1 at serines 261, 272, 276, and 285 and threonine 310, located in the prd" SIGNOR-126855 NSD1 protein Q96L73 UNIPROT PRB4 protein P10163 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003233 29156722 t miannu "We here demonstrate that NSD1 could bind to the promoter regions of PRB4 and activate promoter activity by reducing the binding of H3K27me2 and increasing the binding of H3K36me2 on PRB4 promoter." SIGNOR-268459 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR STX5 protein Q13190 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 14970262 t miannu "Giantin and syntaxin 5 are cleaved by caspase-3. Given that both giantin and syntaxin 5 are cleaved at an early stage during apoptosis, we anticipated that, at the very least, the delivery of ER-derived transport intermediates to the Golgi would be impaired in apoptotic cells." SIGNOR-261236 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 20138985 t lperfetto "Pras40 is an insulin-regulated inhibitor of the mtorc1 protein kinase. Insulin stimulates akt/pkb-mediated phosphorylation of pras40, which prevents its inhibition of mtorc1 in cells and in vitro. Phosphorylation of pras40 on thr246 by pkb/akt facilitates efficient phosphorylation of ser183 by mtorc1." SIGNOR-217586 "gamma-aminobutyric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16865 ChEBI "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA1), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts its action via ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)." SIGNOR-263791 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser276 EQLARQGsFRGFPAL 9606 17022975 t esanto "Based on experiments using numb mutants, both the initial phosphorylation of ser(264) and the subsequent phosphorylation of ser(283) are sufficient to abolish the binding of numb to ap-2." SIGNOR-149993 S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256713 EAPP protein Q56P03 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23542036 f miannu "We show here that EAPP stimulates the MDR1 promoter resulting in higher PGP levels. Independently of EAPP, E2F1 also increases the activity of the MDR1 promoter." SIGNOR-253842 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR LIMA1 protein Q9UHB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser604 FQSTSVKsPKTVSPP 9606 BTO:0001033 23188829 t miannu "Mechanistic study revealed that EGF could activate the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of EPLIN through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-dependent signaling cascade. Pharmacological inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway effectively antagonized EGF-induced EPLIN degradation. Two serine residues, i.e. serine 362 and serine 604, were identified as putative ERK1/2 phosphorylation sites in human EPLIN, whose point mutation rendered resistance to EGF-induced protein turnover." SIGNOR-263063 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asp1155 ETPDDLLdDGEIKED 9606 12149654 t miannu "We demonstrate the cleavage and the consequential downregulation of full-length BRCA1 by caspase-3 during UV-induced apoptosis. Finally, mutation of a caspase-3 specific cleavage site (D/A1154) rendered BRCA1 non-cleavable." SIGNOR-256432 PFDN2 protein Q9UHV9 UNIPROT "Prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C513 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32699605 t miannu "The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins.  Canonical prefoldin complex is a heterohexameric complex composed of two α subunits (PFDN3 and PFDN5) and four β subunits (PFDN1, PFDN2, PFDN4 and PFDN6)" SIGNOR-270931 "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263812 "Fostamatinib disodium" chemical CID:25008120 PUBCHEM SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206373 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12835716 t gcesareni "C-myc directly activates transcription of cyclin d1, cyclin d2 and cdk4, and leads to cdk 4/6 activation" SIGNOR-102734 WNT9A protein O14904 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-132076 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser49 ESEMETPsAINGNPS 9606 21336504 t lperfetto "Polo kinase 3 (plk3) was implicated in bcl-xl(ser49) phosphorylation. These data indicate that, during g2 checkpoint, phospho-bcl-xl(ser49) is another downstream target of plk3, acting to stabilize g2 arrest." SIGNOR-172230 GRM7 protein Q14831 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264080 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Arg355 CPEEPQLrMKNNEEA -1 10350471 t lperfetto "N-Terminal sequencing along with time courses of proteolysis indicated that VIIa-TF/PL cleaved factor VIII first at R740, followed by concomitant cleavage at R336 and R372. |hus, heavy chain cleavage of factor VIII by VIIa-TF/PL produces an inactive factor VIII cofactor no longer capable of activation by thrombin." SIGNOR-263643 SMAD1/5/8 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF35 SIGNOR SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20957627 t lperfetto "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common smad (co-smad; smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-255838 Guanabenz chemical CHEBI:5553 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258911 1-[4-Amino-7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-2-fluoroethanone chemical CID:644243 PUBCHEM RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0002135 31505737 t miannu "Since p90RSK was activated in the diabetic hearts in mice, we investigated whether FMK (an inhibitor of p90RSK) could protect INS-1 cells (a pancreatic β-cell line) from HG-induced β-cell dysfunction and glucotoxicity." SIGNOR-262231 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr39 TDPTPQHyPSFGVTS -1 9425276 t "Activated Fyn furthermore undergoes autophosphorylation on Tyr30, Tyr39 and Tyr420. Tyr28 This site is also a Fyn autophosphorylation site When Fyn mutants with Tyr28, Tyr30 or Tyr39 replaced with phenylalanine residues were transfected into NIH3T3 cells a decreased activation after PDGF stimulation was seen, suggesting a functional importance of the N-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of Fyn." SIGNOR-251166 "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR NANOS2 protein P60321 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 20603330 t miannu "We have identified SPRY domain-containing SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) box protein 2 (SPSB2) as a novel negative regulator that recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to polyubiquitinate iNOS, resulting in its proteasomal degradation. A cell-free ubiquitination assay was established to demonstrate SPSB2-dependent ubiquitination of iNOS. LPS/IFN-γ–stimulated macrophage lysates from Spsb2−/− mice were used as a source of iNOS and incubated with ubiquitin and a trimeric SPSB2/elongin BC complex in the presence of E1 and E2 (UbcH5a) enzymes, Rbx2, and Cullin5 for various times." SIGNOR-271900 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 HSHSPRHsLRHSPGS 9606 30017192 t miannu "In this study, we found that PKCα stabilized and activated PIM-1L by phosphorylation at Ser65. The PIM-1L phosphorylation suppressed sotrastaurin-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that PKCα promotes cell survival and proliferation by upregulating PIM-1L in acute myeloid leukemia." SIGNOR-256153 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr980 YASVNPEyFSAADVY -1 7493944 t lperfetto "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinase. We mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246256 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNGT1 protein P63211 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-148601 PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT Spindle_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH60 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15297875 f miannu "These results suggest that KIF4 and its binding partner PRC1 play essential roles in the organization of central spindles and midzone formation. KIF4 deficiency leads to mislocalization of PRC1, MKLP1, CENP-E and chromosomal passenger proteins" SIGNOR-265987 VARLITINIB chemical CID:42642648 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189900 GALR1 protein P47211 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256687 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT RHOT1 protein Q8IXI2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 22078885 t miannu "PINK1 phosphorylates Miro, a component of the primary motor/adaptor complex that anchors kinesin to the mitochondrial surface. The phosphorylation of Miro activates proteasomal degradation of Miro in a Parkin-dependent manner. in Miro1, Ser156 (homologous to Ser182 in Drosophila) and Thr298, 299 (homologous to Ser324, 325 in Drosophila, Figure 6C)." SIGNOR-272728 sorafenib chemical CHEBI:50924 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258284 nilotinib chemical CHEBI:52172 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258256 PF-04691502 chemical CID:25033539 PUBCHEM AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;inhibitor of phosphorylation of AktT308 and AktS473" gcesareni SIGNOR-252631 DLG3 protein Q92796 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization BTO:0000227 32904533 t lperfetto "DLG3 plays a critical role in clustering of NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses." SIGNOR-266006 ORC2 protein Q13416 UNIPROT ORC complex SIGNOR-C419 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32808929 t lperfetto "The dynamic nature of the human origin recognition complex revealed through five cryoEM structures|Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. |The very first step of this initiation process is accomplished by DNA association with the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a six-subunit protein that forms a partial ring around origin DNA" SIGNOR-267566 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT CD274 protein Q9NZQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27141364 t irozzo "STAT3 and HIF-1α cooperatively enhance PD-L1 expression in EML4-ALK-translocated pADC cells under hypoxia.The protein-DNA binding assay revealed that pSTAT3 was bound to the PD-L1 promoter region in H23 cells transfected with EML4-ALK." SIGNOR-259188 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser242 IPNGFGTsPLTPSAR 10090 BTO:0000142 12796778 t llicata "Three specific phosphorylation sites (Ser198, Thr219 and Ser231) and two weak phosphorylation sites (Ser242 and Thr245) for CDK5/p35 are located in this region of NUDEL | Each single or double mutant compromised,and the triple mutant completely eliminated, interaction with 14-3-3ε. | 14-3-3ε sustains NUDEL phosphorylation and protects it from phosphatase.e dynein motor function." SIGNOR-250677 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser46 VKVNGDAsPAAAESG -1 8034575 t lperfetto "Of the 7 phosphorylated serine residues identified by Edman degradation, only 1 was within the known phosphorylation domain by protein kinase C. All the other phosphorylated serine residues originated from the N-terminal half of the molecule and were immediately followed by proline. | The other phosphorylated peptides were subjected to the same analysis, and Ser45 (peptide K5), Sel-80(peptide K7), and Ser99 (peptide K8) were confirmed to be the phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-248908 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1177 TSRIRTQsFSLQERQ 9606 BTO:0000567 18303014 t lperfetto "The central finding of this report is that rosiglitazone rapidly stimulates no production and enos ser-1177 phosphorylation in an ampk-dependent manner" SIGNOR-216627 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT ACVRL1 protein P37023 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000975 12023024 f gcesareni "Smad7, induced by alk1 activation, recruits pp1? To alk1 and thereby inhibits tgf-?/Alk1-induced smad1/5 phosphorylation in ecs." SIGNOR-87673 NRXN3 protein Q9HDB5 UNIPROT DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626542 t miannu "The DGC is potentially recruited to the postsynaptic membrane though a direct neurexin–dystroglycan interaction and an indirect interaction with NL2 via the synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM." SIGNOR-265462 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 32482868 t lperfetto "Conversely, MYC inhibits BRD4's HAT activity, suggesting that MYC regulates its own transcription by limiting BRD4-mediated chromatin remodeling of its locus." SIGNOR-262047 PITX1 protein P78337 UNIPROT LHB protein P01229 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19106114 f miannu "GNRH1 induces expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), which interacts with steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1) to regulate Lhb promoter activity." SIGNOR-254920 NLRX1 protein Q86UT6 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21703539 t Giorgia "Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that NLRX1 interacted with TRAF6 and TRAF3, but not with TRAF2 or TRAF5. These results further suggest that NLRX1 specifically inhibits TLR-induced TRAF6-dependent NF-kB signaling through targeting TRAF6." SIGNOR-260364 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr227 LEPEALHtPTLMTTP 9606 27816489 t Manara "PKCθ-induced phosphorylations, in part at T217 and T227 residues, strongly and specifically increased Fra-1 transcriptional activity through the stimulation of Fra-1 transactivation domain, without affecting JUN factors." SIGNOR-260879 KPNA4 protein O00629 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 20454918 t gcesareni "Nicd binds via one of its four potential nuclear localization signals to importins alfa3, alfa4, and alfa7." SIGNOR-165314 Clinofibrate chemical CHEBI:31412 ChEBI HMGCR protein P04035 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191085 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI 3-methoxytyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:1582 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-264177 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:456216 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33961946 t miannu "Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5‚Ä≤-adenosine monophosphate. The enzyme exists in two isoforms: a long isoform (ADK-long, ADK-L) and a short isoform (ADK-short, ADK-S)." SIGNOR-267836 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2647 QQHDFTLtQTADGRS 9606 BTO:0000773 12186630 t lperfetto "We have identified seven in vitro autophosphorylation sites in DNA-PKcs. Six of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2620, Ser2624, Thr2638 and Thr2647) are clustered in a region of 38 amino acids in the central region of the protein. Five of these sites (Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638, Thr2647 and Ser3205) are conserved between six vertebrate species. Moreover, we show that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated in vivo at Thr2609, Ser2612, Thr2638 and Thr2647 in okadaic acid-treated human cells. | Thus phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at one or more of the autophosphorylation sites identified in this study is likely to be required for DNA-PKcs function." SIGNOR-249160 OGA protein O60502 UNIPROT PFKL protein P17858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deglycosylation Ser529 CVIPATIsNNVPGTD 9606 26399441 t lperfetto "Our previous investigation on O-GlcNAcylation of PFK1 has demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation inhibits PFK1 enzyme activity|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively." SIGNOR-267608 KIF5B protein P33176 UNIPROT GABBR1 protein Q9UBS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 17532644 t SARA "GABABR1 co-immunoprecipitated with Marlin-1 and kinesin-I, providing evidence for the existence of a complex between these proteins. Kinesin-I modulates GABAB receptor transport." SIGNOR-260990 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RXRG protein P48443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 17132853 t miannu "The physiological effects of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated by members of two families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct human genes, RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma." SIGNOR-256193 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT PHKA2 protein P46019 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10487978 t "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-267412 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 f gcesareni "In explant cultures of mouse paraxial mesoderm, Wnt1 induced expression of the MRF Myf5, whereas Wnt7a or Wnt6 preferentially activated the MRF MyoD" SIGNOR-198849 ARHGAP30 protein Q7Z6I6 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260485 DDX41 protein Q9UJV9 UNIPROT STING1 protein Q86WV6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 25704810 t miannu "The kinase and SH3/SH2 interaction domains of BTK bind, respectively, the DEAD-box domain of DDX41 and transmembrane region of STING. BTK phosphorylates DDX41, and its kinase activities are critical for STING-mediated IFN-β production. We show that Tyr364 and Tyr414 of DDX41 are critical for its recognition of AT-rich DNA and binding to STING, and tandem mass spectrometry identifies Tyr414 as the BTK phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-266403 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 11742987 f gcesareni "The MAP kinase p38 is also a target for negative regulation by glucocorticoids" SIGNOR-251675 hydromorphone chemical CHEBI:5790 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258037 MADD protein Q8WXG6 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10116 BTO:0000142 11809763 t miannu "Rab3A, a member of the Rab3 small G protein family, regulates Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter. The cyclical activation and inactivation of Rab3A are essential for the Rab3A action in exocytosis. GDP-Rab3A is activated to GTP-Rab3A by Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein (Rab3 GEP), and GTP-Rab3A is inactivated to GDP-Rab3A by Rab3 GTPase-activating protein (Rab3 GAP)." SIGNOR-265579 entacapone chemical CHEBI:4798 ChEBI COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000759 9681662 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Entacapone and tolcapone were powerful inhibitors of COMT and their IC50 estimates were 151 and 773 nM (P=0.008), respectively, in the liver; consistent results were obtained with the other tissues." SIGNOR-261088 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr224 MSRFSSStEQSSASR 9606 22609948 t lperfetto "Ck1_/__dependent phosphorylation of dvl2 at s143 and t224and that this event is critical to interact with plk1 in early stages of the cell cycle" SIGNOR-197551 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT SUGT1 protein Q9Y2Z0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser331 VKRAMNKsFMESGGT 9606 22869522 t lperfetto "Plk1 phosphorylates Sgt1 at the kinetochores to promote timely kinetochore-microtubule attachment|Plk1 is required for the kinetochore localization of Sgt1 and phosphorylates serine 331 of Sgt1 at the kinetochores. This phosphorylation event enhances the association of the Hsp90-Sgt1 chaperone" SIGNOR-265222 STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 15688006 t "Two of these, S909 and T1079, were required for Lats1 activation." milica "Since the N-terminal half of Lats1 (residues 1¬ñ588) was dispensable for the activation of Lats1 by Mst2, mass spectrometry was used to identify phosphorylation sites within the C-terminal domain of Lats1." SIGNOR-270217 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser558 VPTYESAsIRRFQEG 9606 BTO:0000930 15381704 t lperfetto "Finally, basal ChAT phosphorylation in neurons is mediated predominantly by PKC at Ser-476, with PKC activation increasing phosphorylation at Ser-440 and enhancing ChAT activity." SIGNOR-249271 CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256882 PLEKHA7 protein Q6IQ23 UNIPROT TSPAN33 protein Q86UF1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003618 30463011 t Simone "Using cell biological and biochemical methods, we now show that ADAM10 is docked to junctions by its transmembrane partner Tspan33, whose cytoplasmic C terminus binds to the WW domain of PLEKHA7 in the presence of PDZD11." SIGNOR-261250 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser784 GVPFRRPsTFGIPRL 9606 BTO:0000671 12082086 t lperfetto "G-kinase phosphorylated tfii-i in vitro and in vivo on ser(371) and ser(743) outside of the interaction domain. G-kinase strongly enhanced tfii-i transactivation of a serum-response element-containing promoter in cos7 cells" SIGNOR-89853 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SPTBN1 protein Q01082 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2110 PEPSTKVsEEAESQQ 9606 17088250 t miannu "We show here that the short c-terminal splice variant of betaii-spectrin (betaiisigma2) is a substrate for phosphorylation. In vitro, protein kinase ck2 phosphorylates ser-2110 and thr-2159 / phosphorylation of ?II?2 C-terminal fragment inhibits its interaction with ?II N-terminal fragment." SIGNOR-150467 NPFFR1 protein Q9GZQ6 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256987 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269636 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 LGYEPEGsASPTPPY -1 17318175 t lperfetto "Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated (Supplementary Figure 3). Three of them (S80, S82, and S473) were also phosphorylated in vitro by CKI and are conserved between axin1 and axin2/conductin.|This suggests that cumulative phosphorylation of axin is required for it to fully downregulate Wnt/beta_catenin signaling." SIGNOR-249189 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation -1 8454633 t gcesareni "Intrinsic activity was demonstrated in vitro against a variety of phosphotyrosine-containing substrates including BIRK, the autophosphorylated cytoplasmic kinase domain of the insulin receptor beta subunit." SIGNOR-39155 HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9671480 t 2 miannu "The mammalian two-hybrid system showed that the region aa 393 to 476 of LFB3 is involved in the interaction with CREB or ATF1. The importance of this region for mediating cAMP induction was confirmed in transient transfection assays." SIGNOR-241320 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser474 RTHFPQFsYSASIRE 10090 17353188 t "Reduction in the levels of both LMW-PTP isoforms in vitro and in vivo increased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and AktSer473 and increased IRS-1- and IRS-2-associated PI3-K activities in both liver and fat.|Activated PI3-K stimulates Akt (or protein kinase B) that in turn phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3" SIGNOR-248456 RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 23708797 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitin/SUMO-dependent DNA damage response (UbS-DDR), controlled by the E3 ligases RNF8/RNF168, triggers BLM recruitment to sites of replication fork stalling via ubiquitylation in the N-terminal region of BLM and subsequent BLM binding to the ubiquitin-interacting motifs of RAP80. " SIGNOR-272114 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 10116 7780739 t "Inactivation of p42 MAP kinase by protein phosphatase 2A and a protein tyrosine phosphatase, but not CL100, in various cell lines|Protein phosphatase-2A was the only vanadate-insensitive phosphatase acting on Thr 183 of p42mapk or on MAPKK to be detected in PC12 cell extracts." SIGNOR-248625 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser54 RVKALPLsPRKRLGD 9606 10339564 t lperfetto "Hscdc6 is an excellent substrate for cdk2 in vitro and is phosphorylated in vivo at three sites (ser-54, ser-74, and ser-106)|An HsCdc6A1A2A3 mutant, which mimics unphosphorylated HsCdc6, is exclusively nuclear, and its expression inhibits initiation of DNA replication. An HsCdc6E1E2E3 mutant, which mimics phosphorylated HsCdc6, is exclusively cytoplasmic and is not associated with the chromatin/nuclear matrix fraction." SIGNOR-217276 MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256956 CGA protein P01215 UNIPROT TSH complex SIGNOR-C412 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001379 8196184 t scontino "TSH is a heterodimer composed of common alpha subunit and unique beta subunit encoded by genes located on different chromosomes. It is known that the expression of these subunit genes is regulated in different mechanism by several extracellular factors." SIGNOR-267046 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 RLQERRGsNVALMLD 9606 10559944 t llicata "Here we show that cyclic-amp-dependent protein kinase (pka) phosphorylates serine residue 23 in the kim of heptp in vitro and in intact cells. This modification reduces binding of map kinases to the kim, an effect that is prevented by mutation of serine 23 to alanine." SIGNOR-72147 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser363 TSRTPKDsPGIPPSA 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219312 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR "NLRC4 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C223 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 16037825 f miannu "Among these sensors, members of the evolutionary conserved NLRs, together with AIM2 and pyrin, can assemble into a multimeric protein complex that is called the inflammasome (see poster).| An inflammasome assembles in response to a diverse range of pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs). The inflammasome platform leads to activation of caspase-1 through proximity-induced self-cleavage" SIGNOR-263124 RNF41 protein Q9H4P4 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 12411582 t miannu "Nrdp1/FLRF is a ubiquitin ligase promoting ubiquitination and degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor family member, ErbB3" SIGNOR-272599 F11 protein P03951 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg424 KNMEDLHrHIFWEPD -1 12372819 t miannu "the ability of plasma kallikrein and FXIa to activate pro-HGF in vitro raises the possibility that mediators of inflammation and blood coagulation may also regulate processes that involve the HGF/c-Met pathway, such as tissue repair and angiogenesis.Unlike other known activators, both FXIa and kallikrein processed pro-HGF by cleavage at two sites. Using N-terminal sequencing they were identified as the normal cleavage site Arg(494)-Val(495) and the novel site Arg(424)-His(425) located in the K4 domain of the alpha-chain." SIGNOR-256515 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr573 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219328 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of yap ser127 and of the corresponding sites in yki and taz generates a protein-binding motif for the 14-3-3 family proteins, which, upon binding by a 14-3-3 protein, leads to their cytoplasmic retention." SIGNOR-169716 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-267847 ATP5PB protein P24539 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261401 CLCN3 protein P51790 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29845874 t miannu "ClC-3 is a strongly outwardly rectifying, electrogenic 2Cl/H exchanger with biophysical properties that closely resemble those of its close homologues ClC-4 and ClC-5" SIGNOR-265422 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser362 ISSVPTPsPLGPLAG 9606 BTO:0000527 19941816 t lperfetto "Erk2, which is activated by egfr signaling, directly binds to ck2alpha via the erk2 docking groove and phosphorylates ck2alpha primarily at t360/s362, subsequently enhancing ck2alpha activity" SIGNOR-244521 CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32283152 f miannu "High levels of expression of IL-1B, IFN-γ, IP-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) have been detected in patients with COVID-19. These inflammatory cytokines may activate the T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell response. Th1 activation is a key event in the activation of specific immunity." SIGNOR-261027 aloxistatin chemical CHEBI:101381 ChEBI CTSB protein P07858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 32142651 t miannu "Full inhibition was attained when camostat mesylate and E-64d, an inhibitor of CatB/L, were added (Figure 4A; Figure S3B), indicating that SARS-2-S can use both CatB/L as well as TMPRSS2 for priming in these cell lines." SIGNOR-260281 "AP-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C248 SIGNOR "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260674 CLCN4 protein P51793 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28972156 t miannu "ClC-3 and ClC-4 are two closely related intracellular chloride/proton exchangers that co-exist in neurons, glia, muscle, heart, and epithelial cells. ClC-4 is an intracellular Cl-/H+ exchanger that is highly expressed in the brain and whose dysfunction has been linked to intellectual disability and epilepsy. ClC-4 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) upon overexpression in HEK293T cells." SIGNOR-265421 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT OCLN protein Q16625 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser340 DKRFYPEsSYKSTPV 9615 11502742 t lperfetto "Protein kinase C regulates the phosphorylation and cellular localization of occludin. Ser(338) of occludin was identified as an in vitro protein kinase C phosphorylation site using peptide mass fingerprint analysis and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy. Both the phosphorylation of occludin and its incorporation into tight junctions induced by calcium switch were markedly inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF-109203X." SIGNOR-249105 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM2A protein Q9Y2K7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271581 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10715136 t "Phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif." gcesareni "A map kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk), termed ask1, was identified that activated two different subs of map kinase kinases (mapkk), sek1 (or mkk4) and mkk3/mapkk6 (or mkk6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (sapk, also known as jnk;c-jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subs of map kinases, respectively. Here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1)." SIGNOR-75792 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 BTO:0000176 19607706 t "Permanent activation of the upstream kinase IKK beta results from UVB-induced inhibition of the catalytic subunit of Ser-Thr phosphatase PP2A (PP2Ac), leading to immediate phosphorylation and degradation of newly synthesized I kappaB alpha|Chronic Ser 177/181 phosphorylation of IKKβ was due to UVB-induced inhibition of the catalytic subunit of the Ser-Thr phosphatase PP2A (PP2Ac)" SIGNOR-248581 MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT mir-206 mirna URS0000389B41_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16731620 t "Moreover, both loci encoding miR-1, miR-1-1, and miR-1-2, and two of the three encoding miR-133, miR-133a-1 and miR-133a-2, are strongly induced during myogenesis.[…]By using CHIP analysis, we demonstrate that the myogenic factors Myogenin and MyoD bind to regions upstream of these microRNAs and, therefore, are likely to regulate their expression." SIGNOR-255917 KIF4A protein O95239 UNIPROT Spindle_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH60 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15297875 f miannu "These results suggest that KIF4 and its binding partner PRC1 play essential roles in the organization of central spindles and midzone formation. KIF4 deficiency leads to mislocalization of PRC1, MKLP1, CENP-E and chromosomal passenger proteins" SIGNOR-265986 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15340381 t gcesareni "The F-box family of proteins €” which are the substrate-recognition components of the Skp1€“Cul1€“F-box-protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase €” are important players in many mammalian functions." SIGNOR-243763 WNT2B protein Q93097 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131777 vorinostat chemical CHEBI:45716 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257916 LPCAT2 protein Q7L5N7 UNIPROT 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine chemical CHEBI:58168 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272766 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA -1 11313365 t miannu "ILK Phosphorylates PKB/Akt on Serine 473 To become fully activated, PKB/Akt requires phosphorylation at two sites, threonine 308 and serine 473, in a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent manner." SIGNOR-252596 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT IFITM5 protein A6NNB3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23530031 f miannu "Regulation of the bone-restricted IFITM-like (Bril) gene transcription by Sp and Gli family members and CpG methylation. Bril transcription is activated by Sp1, Sp3, OSX, and GLI2 and by CpG demethylation." SIGNOR-254220 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT ELOVL proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF93 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 18226595 t Luana "These data demonstrated that Elovl-6 is regulated directly and primarily by SREBP-1c." SIGNOR-267944 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser539 SLFNVSPsCSSFNSP 9606 20640476 t lperfetto "AMPK can directly phosphorylate PGC-1a at Thr177 and Ser538 in in vitro assays PGC-1a phosphorylation might not directly affect its intrinsic coactivation activity, but, rather, release it from its repressor protein p160myb [79] and/or allow deacetylation and subsequent activation by SIRT1" SIGNOR-209940 CIT protein O14578 UNIPROT KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000565 16431929 t miannu "We find that KIF14 targets to the central spindle via its interaction with PRC1 and has an essential function in cytokinesis. In KIF14-depleted cells, citron kinase but not other components of the central spindle and cleavage furrow fail to localize. Furthermore, the localization of KIF14 and citron kinase to the central spindle and midbody is codependent, and they form a complex depending on the activation state of citron kinase." SIGNOR-266424 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr758 NPLFKSAtTTVMNPK 9606 BTO:0000751 11700305 t lperfetto "Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) delta and PKCbetaI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCalpha and PKCeta also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCalpha additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. |" SIGNOR-249124 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR IL7R protein P16871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22577461 f lperfetto "Constitutive Notch Activation Upregulates Pax7 and Promotes the Self-Renewal of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells" SIGNOR-254345 "Immunoglobulin kappa light chain" protein P0DOX7 UNIPROT BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 20176268 t scontino "Immunoglobulins (Igs) belong to the eponymous immunoglobulin super-family (IgSF). They consist of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains, where the L chain can consist of either a κ or a λ chain. There are five main classes of heavy chain C domains. Each class defines the IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE isotypes." SIGNOR-268194 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C133 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243442 PROK1 protein P58294 UNIPROT PROKR1 protein Q8TCW9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12054613 t gcesareni "The present study demonstrates that eg-vegf/prokineticin 1 and a peptide closely related to eg-vegf, prokineticin 2, are cognate ligands of two orphan g-protein-coupled receptors designated zaq (=eg-vegf/pk-r1) and i5e (=eg-vegf/pk-r2)" SIGNOR-89084 PI4KA protein P42356 UNIPROT ADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:456216 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269104 "8-Hydroxy-7-(6-sulfo-naphthalen-2-ylazo)-quinoline-5-sulfonic acid" chemical CID:92577 PUBCHEM PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19233143 t lperfetto "In this study, we screened protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) by in vitro phosphatase assays to identify PTPs that are inhibited by 8-hydroxy-7-(6-sulfonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl-quinoline-5-sulfonic acid (NSC-87877), a potent inhibitor of SHP-1 and SHP-2 PTPs." SIGNOR-261978 FFAR3 protein O14843 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256821 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser181 YQPRRRKsVKNGQAE 9606 20039424 t lperfetto "Rho kinase-dependent activation of sox9 in chondrocytes. In vitro, rock directly phosphorylated sox9 at ser(181), and the overexpression of rock or the activation of the rhoa pathway in sw1353 chondrosarcoma cells increased sox9(ser181) phosphorylation" SIGNOR-162643 "ceramide 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:84404 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 19948174 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that C1P induces translocation of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) from the soluble to the membrane fraction of bone marrow-derived macrophages." SIGNOR-268502 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 consists of two subunits, HIF-1α and HIF-1β. While HIF-1β protein is constitutively expressed and present in excess, HIF-1α protein has a short half-life" SIGNOR-267448 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser434 SFEPKIRsPRRFIGS 10090 BTO:0002572 12782654 t lperfetto "S6K1 is a positive regulator of protein synthesis, and its activity is induced by mTOR-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-101332 quetiapine chemical CHEBI:8707 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9760039 t miannu "Several compounds proposed as ‘atypical’ antipsychoticagents were found to exhibit agonist activity at 5-HT1A EC values were greater than the respective Kvalues50i .21.8""5.8-fold difference,ns10 and a high degree of correlation was observed. All the compounds displayed high or marked bind-ing affinity at CHO-h5-HT1A receptors except for olanzapine, which exhibited a micromolar Kvalue at h5-HTi1A receptors (table3)." SIGNOR-258842 SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253450 2-cyclohexyl-6-methoxy-N-(1-propan-2-yl-4-piperidinyl)-7-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]-4-quinazolinamine chemical CHEBI:95074 ChEBI EHMT1 protein Q9H9B1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 26320100 t miannu "Using a small-molecule screen, we found that UNC0638, a selective inhibitor of EHMT1 and EHMT2 histone methyltransferases, induces γ-globin expression." SIGNOR-262239 PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11711538 t gcesareni "As shown, gst-ptp-sl dephosphorylated efficiently both erk2 and p38 wild typetogether, these results indicate that the defective association of the tyrosine phosphatase ptp-sl with erk2 d319n and p38 d316n mutations impairs the retention and inactivation in the cytosol of these map kinases by ptp-sl." SIGNOR-111762 ADSS2 protein P30520 UNIPROT Nucleotide_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH179 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10496970 f miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267834 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 10734133 t flangone "Finally, we have tested the set of ptps for their ability to dephosphorylate a phosphopeptide corresponding to the irk autophosphorylation site. tc-ptp, sap-1, and ptp-1b all tested positive, but ptp-? Showed no activity, although the same gst-ptp preparation could efficiently convert pnpp (tablei). Interestingly, many other ptps showed activity, namely dep-1, glepp-1, lar, ptp-?, -?, -?, And shp-1." SIGNOR-75926 RDX protein P35241 UNIPROT Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 35267019 f miannu "Rev-erbα interacted with OPHN-1, promoted RhoA activity and phosphorylation of ERM. etection of phosphorylated ezrin (Thr567)/radixin (Thr564)/moesin (Thr558)(p-ERM) in Rev-erbαfl/flCre− and Rev-erbαfl/flPF4Cre+ platelets using phospho-specific antibodies. Taken together, these results suggest that Rev-erbα potentiates platelet activation via an OPHN-1-mediated RhoA/ERM signalling pathway." SIGNOR-268433 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser227 QQRRRITsVQPPTGL 9606 BTO:0001271 21147854 t lperfetto "Here, we report that the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase sgk1 remarkably reduced the protein stability of the active form of notch1 through fbw7activated sgk1 phosphorylated fbw7 at serine 227" SIGNOR-170404 phosphatidylcholine chemical CHEBI:64482 ChEBI Outer_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C410 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "The OMM is comprised of a phospholipid bilayer that houses vital components such as metabolic enzymes and transport proteins|he OMM contains a variety of lipids. The major components of this bilayer include phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) |It has been reported that in the mammalian OMM, the most prominent of these lipids are PC (~54 % of total), PE (~29 %) and PI (~14 %) (Daum and Vance 1997). The remaining lipids comprise approximately 3 % of the total OMM composition." SIGNOR-267000 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ACACB protein O00763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 PTMRPSMsGLHLVKR 9606 14613924 t miannu "ACCβ(Ser221) is a known target for AMPK in human skeletal muscle" SIGNOR-250316 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 10090 SIGNOR-C16 11278991 t lperfetto "We have recently found that nucleophosmin (npm/b23), a phosphoprotein primarily found in nucleolus, associates with unduplicated centrosomes and is a direct substrate of cdk2-cyclin e in centrosome duplication. Upon phosphorylation by CDK2-cyclin E, NPM/B23 dissociates from centrosomes, which is a prerequisite step for centrosomes to initiate duplication." SIGNOR-235725 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SCNN1A protein P37088 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004299 12684058 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 activate alpha-ENaC2 transcription through a GC-rich element (Sp1-binding site) in the promoter. Sp1 and Sp3 are essential for alpha-ENaC2 transcription in lung epithelial cells and that dephosphorylation of the Sp transcription factors by PP1 suppresses alpha-ENaC2 expression." SIGNOR-251950 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr523 REDSVLSyETVTQME 9606 24981431 t llicata "These results indicate that psd-95 phosphorylation by src facilitates the integration of pyk2 to psd-95 signal complex, the activation of pyk2/src, as well as the subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of nr2a, which ultimately results in the upregulation of nmda receptor function and synaptic transmission." SIGNOR-205120 ELOVL proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF93 SIGNOR palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267901 (+)-pilocarpine chemical CHEBI:8207 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258628 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr37 PPGDYSTtPGGTLFS 9606 BTO:0003316 11777913 t miannu "4E-BP1 Is Phosphorylated in Vitro by Active p38 Kinase. In the present study we demonstrated that UVB induced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at multiple sites, Thr-36, Thr-45, Ser-64, and Thr-69, leading to dissociation of 4E-BP1 from eIF-4E." SIGNOR-250098 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RING1 protein Q06587 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270984 NAMPT protein P43490 UNIPROT NAD(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57540 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12555668 t gcesareni "Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor, whose expression is up-regulated in activated lymphocytes, is a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, a cytosolic enzyme involved in NAD biosynthesi" SIGNOR-238602 ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser218 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 9606 BTO:0000567 8621729 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrated that a-raf is, indeed, a mek1 activator and may play a role in growth factor signaling|The immunoprecipitates were assayed for GST-MEK1 activation. D, activation of MEK1 by A-Raf requires the presence of serine residue 218 and 222." SIGNOR-236451 ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 2163110 t "The protein, termed beta-arrestin, was expressed and partially purified. It inhibited the signaling function of beta ARK-phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptors by more than 75 percent, but not that of rhodopsin. It is proposed that beta-arrestin in concert with beta ARK effects homologous desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors" SIGNOR-256502 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000150 19573809 f lperfetto "However, here we show through phosphoprotein profiling and functional genomic studies that many PIK3CA mutant cancer cell lines and human breast tumors exhibit only minimal AKT activation and a diminished reliance on AKT for anchorage-independent growth" SIGNOR-252634 FASTKD5 protein Q7L8L6 UNIPROT COX4I1 protein P13073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25683715 f miannu "FASTKD5 is required for maturing precursor mRNAs that are not flanked by tRNAs and that therefore cannot be processed by the canonical mRNA maturation pathway. Silencing FASTKD5 rendered mature COX I mRNA almost undetectable, which severely reduced the synthesis of COX I, resulting in a complex IV assembly defect." SIGNOR-261223 MRPL12 protein P52815 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262381 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT CSF2RB protein P32927 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr628 PPPGSLEyLCLPAGG 9162089 t gcesareni "Shp2 is thought to act as a positive mediator of growth factor signals.. Hp2 could act as an adaptor between the activated c and grb2, thus leading to activation of the ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, known to be activated by il-3" SIGNOR-48557 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 23836662 f miannu "We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254151 RPL31 protein P62899 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262469 SIK3 protein Q9Y2K2 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser171 SALNRTSsDSALHTS 9606 BTO:0000567 16306228 t lperfetto "We found that QSK and SIK phosphorylated TORC2 at Ser171 as well as at least two additional residues, namely Ser70 and Ser348|QIK also phosphorylates the CREB co-activator TORC2, in unstimulated cells, to sequester it in the cell cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting CREB-dependent gene-expression" SIGNOR-249172 STARD8 protein Q92502 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260519 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser732 RRVRKLPsTTL 9534 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-219320 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 1715686 t gcesareni "Dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated insulin and epidermal-growth-factor receptors by two major subtypes of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase from human placenta." SIGNOR-21303 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t miannu "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-132939 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 15241418 t lperfetto "We have mapped CDK4 and CDK2 phosphorylation sites to Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 in Smad3. Mutation of the CDK phosphorylation sites increases Smad3 transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-232142 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr581 PDNQPLKtPCFTLHY 9606 BTO:0000567 9687510 t gcesareni "Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (msk1) is directly activated by mapk and sapk2/p38, and may mediate activation of crebactivated by phosphorylation at ser-360, thr-581 and thr-700 by mapk1/erk2, mapk3/erk1 and mapk14/p38-alpha" SIGNOR-59447 HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C12 23213415 t gcesareni "Furthermore, smad7 caused hdac-1 bind to e2f-1 to form a ternary complex on chromosomal dna containing an e2f-binding motif and leading to repression in the activity of the e2f target genes." SIGNOR-199964 UFD1 protein Q92890 UNIPROT AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 17681147 t miannu "Here we show that Ufd1 directly interacts with gp78 and functions as a cofactor. Ufd1 enhances the E3 activity of gp78, accelerates the ubiquitination and degradation of reductase, and eventually promotes receptor-mediated uptake of low-density lipoprotein." SIGNOR-252425 SGI-1776 chemical CID:24795070 PUBCHEM PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206859 L-isoprenaline chemical CHEBI:6257 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257457 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t miannu "Pim kinases phosphorylate multiple sites on Bad and promote 14-3-3 binding and dissociation from Bcl-XL. pim kinases are constitutively active when expressed in HEK-293 cells and are able to phosphorylate the Bcl-2 family member Bad on three residues, Ser112, Ser136 and Ser155 in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-250394 GDC-0879 chemical CHEBI:83405 ChEBI BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192592 T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0002417 32454942 f miannu "interferon gamma- (IFNγ-) and interleukin-17- (IL-17-) secreting CD4+ T cells are believed to be the pathogenic initiators of MS [22], and in MS patients, the increased production of either IFNγ or IL-17 is associated with pathology" SIGNOR-263818 "sedoheptulose 7-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:15721 ChEBI "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 19401148 t miannu "Transaldolase (TAL, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone transferase; EC number 2.2.1.2) is a cofactor-less enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig. 1A and B). It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a three carbon unit (“dihydroxyacetone”) between various sugar phosphates (from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in length). Physiological donor compounds are ketose sugar phosphates as fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Acceptor compounds are aldose sugar phosphates as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate." SIGNOR-268133 SF3A2 protein Q15428 UNIPROT SF3a complex SIGNOR-C345 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 8349644 t miannu "Components required for the splicing of nuclear messenger RNA precursors in vitro have been isolated from HeLa cells. Here we describe the separation of splicing factor SF3 into two components, SF3a and SF3b. SF3a has been purified to homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and glycerol gradient sedimentation. It consists of a complex of three polypeptides of 60, 66, and 120 kDa." SIGNOR-263947 BAG1 protein Q99933 UNIPROT HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 11676916 t miannu "BAG-1 stimulates CHIP-induced degradation of the glucocorticoid hormone receptor (GR). A model for the cooperation of CHIP and BAG-1 in coupling Hsc/Hsp70 to the ubiquitin/proteasome system. CHIP associates with Hsc/Hsp70 via its TPR chaperone adaptor (TPR) and, at the same time, recruits E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the Ubc4/5 family to the chaperone complex. BAG-1 binds to Hsp70 via its BAG domain (BAG) and utilizes its ubiquitin-like domain (ubl) for proteasomal association" SIGNOR-272589 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT JADE1 protein Q6IE81 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 SDDNGSLsTTWSQNS 9606 BTO:0000007 25100726 t done miannu "We demonstrate that the destruction complex component casein kinase 1α (CK1α) phosphorylates Jade-1 at a conserved SLS motif and reduces the ability of Jade-1 to inhibit β-catenin signaling. " SIGNOR-273617 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1185 GTPPASTsPFSQLAA 9606 10660621 t lperfetto "Furthermore, erk-2 phosphorylated threonine 1179 and serine 1185 (and to a lesser extent, serine 395) in vitro, suggesting the importance of this pathway for src-1 regulation. Treatment of cells expressing src-1 with epidermal growth factor enhanced the ligand-dependent, progesterone receptor-mediated activation of a target reporter gene." SIGNOR-74872 CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT CETN3 protein O15182 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16760425 t miannu "We report that CP110 interacts with two different Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and centrin, in vivo. our data demonstrate a functional role for CaM binding to CP110 and suggest that CP110 cooperates with CaM and centrin to regulate progression through cytokinesis." SIGNOR-265968 RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12783862 t gcesareni "The interaction between egfr and rin1 delineates a novel signal transduction pathway between egfr and its effectors, rin1, rab5a, and ras, which together coordinate and regulate both signaling and membrane trafficking." SIGNOR-101530 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT SDHD protein O14521 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 20359165 f Giorgia "We found that SLP-2hi cells had significantly higher activities of NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05), complexes I and II of the electron transport chain." SIGNOR-260383 GRIN1 protein Q05586 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2B" complex SIGNOR-C348 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. The NMDA receptor subtypes are encoded by three gene families that process mRNA transcripts to yield six distinct subunits (NR1, NR2A-2D, NR3A). Receptors are thought to be tetrameric complexes of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits" SIGNOR-264122 AP3S1 protein Q92572 UNIPROT "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21097499 t lperfetto "Key components of this system are the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP)4 complexes, AP-1 (gamma-beta1-mi1-sigma1), AP-2 (α-beta2-mi2-sigma2), AP-3 (delta-beta3-mi3-sigma3), and AP-4 (epsilon-beta4-mi4-sigma4) (subunit composition shown in parentheses)" SIGNOR-260680 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR MYH3 protein P11055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136647 PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30193097 t miannu "√Ǭ†PCK1 regulates an essential rate-limiting step by catalyzing the reversible conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).√Ǭ†" SIGNOR-266588 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr905 DVYEEDSyVKRSQGR 9606 21454698 t llicata "Focal adhesion kinase (fak) binds ret kinase via its ferm domain, priming a direct and reciprocal ret-fak transactivation mechanism. following gdnf stimulation, increased phosphorylation of fak at tyr-576/577 as well as phosphorylation of ret at tyr-905 was observed." SIGNOR-173009 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f lperfetto "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253683 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser299 GRDSRSGsPMARR 9606 BTO:0000142 16401070 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation decreased the ability of mbp to polymerize actin and to bundle actin filaments but had no effect on the dissociation constant of the mbp-actin complex or on the ability of ca2+-calmodulin to dissociate the complex. The most significant effect of phosphorylation on the mbp-actin complex was a dramatic reduction in its ability to bind to negatively charged lipid bilayers. Mass spectrometry and peptide sequencing allowed us to identify serine 164 of mbp as the unique site phosphorylated by kis. Phosphorylation of synthetic peptides indicated the importance of the proline residue at position +1." SIGNOR-143485 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262264 OPA1 protein O60313 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH218 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25486875 f lperfetto "OPA1, MFN1 and MFN2 are essential mediators of the sequential fusion of the outer and inner membranes of adjacent mitochondria" SIGNOR-272987 PDXP protein Q96GD0 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG -1 15580268 t "Chronophin, a novel HAD-type serine protein phosphatase, regulates cofilin-dependent actin dynamics|Cofilin is a key regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics whose activity is controlled by phosphorylation of a single serine residue. We report the biochemical isolation of chronophin (CIN), a unique cofilin-activating phosphatase of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily." SIGNOR-248764 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA4 protein Q9Y5G9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265675 XL765 chemical CHEBI:71958 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207878 MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 19851336 t lperfetto "More than a dozen kinases have been reported to phosphorylate the rlcs of nm ii (fig. 2), including myosin light chain kinase (mlck;also known as mylk), rho-associated, coiled coil-containing kinase (rock), citron kinase, leucine zipper interacting kinase (zipk;also known as dapk3) and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related cdc42-binding kinase (mrck;also known as cdc42bp)6,34,45,46. These kinases phosphorylate rlcs on ser19, thr18 or both, to relieve the inhibition imposed on the myosin molecule by unphosphorylated rlcs and the head_head interaction outlined above." SIGNOR-188801 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT FCRL2 protein Q96LA5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271543 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PHOX2A protein O14813 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser153 RKQERAAsAKGAAGA 9606 19564421 t llicata "Phox2a becomes phosphorylated by protein kinase a (pka) on ser153, which prevents association of phox2a with dna and terminates p27(kip1) transcription." SIGNOR-186462 USF2 protein Q15853 UNIPROT B2M protein P61769 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12480693 f miannu "Here we show that upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) and USF2 bind to the E box and regulate beta(2)m transactivation." SIGNOR-254656 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259003 hsa-mir-223 mirna URS000037EC34_9606 RNAcentral Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24708856 t miannu "We found overexpression of miR-155 led to increase in cJUN, FOS and TRIB2, and decrease in MEIS1, GFI1, cMYC and JARID2." SIGNOR-255763 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17620431 t miannu "Pazopanib inhibition of a number of kinases outside of the VEGFR family was also determined. These included Abl1; Akt3; activin-like kinase 6; cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin A; cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A; c-fms; c-Kit; epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB2; ErbB4; EphB4; focal adhesion kinase; FGF receptors (FGFR) 1, 2, and 3; Flt-3; glycogen synthase kinase 3; insulin-like growth factor type I receptor; insulin receptor; interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase; c-jun NH2-terminal kinases 1, 2, and 3; lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (murine); Met; p38α; PDGFRα and PDGFRβ; protein kinase C-β1 and -β2; polo-like kinases 1 and 3; Ret; Src; Syk; Tie-2; and Wee1. All assays were conducted using purified, recombinantly expressed catalytic domains of the kinases. " SIGNOR-259164 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT NFIC protein P08651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9099724 t 2 miannu "Coexpression of NFI-B3 with other isoforms of the NFI-B, -C, and -X family, however, led to a strong reduction of transcriptional activation compared with the expression of these factors alone. NFI-B3 apparently forms heterodimers with other NFI proteins thereby interfering with their function." SIGNOR-240880 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT SERPINF1 protein P36955 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001177 22115973 f miannu "Here we show that the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which plays central roles in the development and function of a variety of cell types including RPE cells, upregulates the expression of a multifunctional factor PEDF in RPE cells." SIGNOR-254587 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257281 CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT B_cell_maturation phenotype SIGNOR-PH15 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000776 25673924 f lperfetto "CD19 is a crucial regulator of B cell activation." SIGNOR-242888 MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT CLU protein P10909 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0000298 10770937 t miannu "Here we show that the human ApoJ/Clusterin gene contains a Myb binding site in its 5' flanking region, which interacts with bacterially synthesized B-MYB protein and mediates B-MYB-dependent transactivation of the ApoJ/Clusterin promoter in transient transfection assays. Endogenous ApoJ/Clusterin expression is induced in mammalian cell lines following transient transfection of a B-MYB cDNA." SIGNOR-269800 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29177 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270427 SLC24A2 protein Q9UI40 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30173760 t miannu "K+-dependent Na+-Ca2+ Exchangers (NCKX) are bi-directional plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters which belong to the Solute Carrier Family 24 A (SLC24 A) of membrane transporters. NCKXs operate via the alternating access model and mediate the extrusion of one Ca2+ ion coupled with one K+ ion in exchange for four Na+ ions (4Na+↔ 1Ca2+ + 1 K+)" SIGNOR-264394 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19127412 f miannu "Overexpression of foxa1 promoted apoptosis" SIGNOR-256642 luminespib chemical CHEBI:83656 ChEBI HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190041 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser561 PFLSRHNsKSSIFSF 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275793 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31226023 t miannu "ATF4 also induces another bZIP protein C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), which is responsible for triggering apoptosis in cells under prolonged ER stress. ATF4 and CHOP further induce growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible protein 34 (GADD34),a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) that dephosphorylates eIF2α. This negative feedback mechanism enables protein synthesis to resume after resolution of ER stress." SIGNOR-260170 NDUFB2 protein O95178 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND5-module corresponds to the distal part of the membrane arm and it is composed of MT-ND5, NDUFB2, NDUFB3, NDUFB7, NDUFB8, NDUFB9 and NDUFAB1" SIGNOR-262165 TM4SF1 protein P30408 UNIPROT SDCBP2 protein Q9H190 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 33015133 t lperfetto "TM4SF1 functions as a membrane adaptor connecting DDR1 to syntenin2." SIGNOR-272401 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26350239 f miannu "Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to investigate the effect of DNMT3A on p18INK4C expression, along with the other INK4 members, including p15INK4B, p16INK4A and p19INK4D. The results showed that the depletion of DNMT3A increased the transcriptional levels of the four members of the INK4 family" SIGNOR-261509 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr502 TTANVVYyVGENVVN 9606 12637538 t lperfetto "Here we report that PKD is tyrosine-phosphorylated within the PH domain, leading to activation. This phosphorylation is mediated by a pathway that consists of the Src and Abl tyrosine kinases and occurs in response to stimulation with pervanadate and oxidative stress. Mutational analysis revealed three tyrosine phosphorylation sites (Tyr(432), Tyr(463), and Tyr(502)), which are regulated by the Src-Abl pathway, and phosphorylation of only one of these (Tyr(463)) leads to PKD activation." SIGNOR-247328 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1892 TPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269377 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites." SIGNOR-235960 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT COL7A1 protein Q02388 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21931594 f Regulation miannu "Egr-1 induced a time-dependent ECM gene expression program, with the number of ECM genes increasing >2.5-fold (from 16 to 41) between 24 and 48 h. Genes in this group include those coding for multiple collagens (COL4A1, COL4A2, COL11A1, COL7A1, COL10A1)" SIGNOR-251920 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 16990763 f gcesareni "Addition of jag-1 peptide induced ikkalpha mediated nf-kappab activation, as well as increased ppargamma expression." SIGNOR-254344 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 12763138 t gcesareni "The stat3-mediated transactivation was reduced by blocking the stat3 serine phosphorylation with the mek inhibitor u0126 or by expression of kinase-inactive msk1." SIGNOR-101251 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CAV2 protein P51636 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser36 DPEKFADsDQDRDPH 9606 BTO:0001130 12743374 t lperfetto "We show that caveolin-2 is phosphorylated in vivo at two serine residues and that the phosphorylation of caveolin-2 is necessary for its actions as a positive regulator of caveolin-1 during organelle biogenesis in prostate cancer cells. Mutation of the primary phosphorylation sites on caveolin-2, serine 23 and 36, reduces the number of plasmalemma-attached caveolae" SIGNOR-101110 PSTPIP1 protein O43586 UNIPROT PTPN18 protein Q99952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 9422760 t lperfetto "These data confirm the importance of these residues to the binding interaction, and they suggest that much of the COOH-terminal region of PTP HSCF may be required for highest affinity binding to PST PIP.|Because this protein-protein interaction appears to be required for the dephosphorylation of PST PIP phosphotyrosines (20), it may be a potentially important new mechanism for the regulation of the cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-262594 2-(4-morpholinyl)-6-(1-thianthrenyl)-4-pyranone chemical CHEBI:91372 ChEBI ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193600 DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT "2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58245 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 20637175 t lperfetto "Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK4; EC 2.7.1.74) catalyzes the phosphorylation of 2′-deoxycytidine (dCyd), 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine to their corresponding monophosphate forms, using ATP or UTP as phosphoryl donors. This reaction is the first and rate-limiting step of the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway, which provides deoxynucleoside triphosphates for DNA replication and repair as an alternative to de novo nucleotide synthesis" SIGNOR-275808 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR MXD1 protein Q05195 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser145 IERIRMDsIGSTVSS 9606 18451027 t lperfetto "In this study, we showed that mad1 is a substrate of p90 ribosomal kinase (rsk) and p70 s6 kinase (s6k). Both rsk and s6k phosphorylate serine 145 of mad1 upon serum or insulin stimulation. Ser-145 phosphorylation of mad1 accelerates the ubiquitination and degradation of mad1 through the 26s proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-252811 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 BTO:0000007 16582879 t "Binding of insulin to the IR results in autophosphorylation of each beta‐subunit on at least six different tyrosines. This autophosphorylation occurs first on three tyrosines located in the activation loop of the kinase domain (Y1158, 1162 and 1163), resulting in the stabilization of the kinase in an active conformation.|Termination of the signal involves inactivation of the IR by dephosphorylation of the three tyrosines of the kinase domain (Tonks, 2003). PTP1B is a protein tyrosine phosphatase located in the endoplasmic reticulum that has an important role in the dephosphorylation of these tyrosines after internalization of the IR" SIGNOR-248409 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 10090 BTO:0000944 11742987 t gcesareni "Glucocorticoids inhibit MAP kinase via increased expression and decreased degradation of MKP-1|Both induction of MKP-1 expression and inhibition of its degradation are necessary for glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Erk-1/2 activation. In NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, although glucocorticoids up-regulate the MKP-1 level, they do not attenuate the proteasomal degradation of this protein and consequently they are unable to inhibit Erk-1/2 activity." SIGNOR-253546 Saracatinib chemical CID:10302451 PUBCHEM SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206691 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr28 AVHSLSRiGDELYLE 9606 11971963 t Manara "The SH3 domain of c-Abl interacts directly with the C-terminal region of Rad9. c-Abl phosphorylates the Rad9 Bcl-2 homology 3 domain (Tyr-28) in vitro and in cells exposed to DNA-damaging agents. | c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of Rad9 induces binding of Rad9 to Bcl-xL |these findings indicate that Rad9 is regulated by a c-Abl-dependent mechanism in the apoptotic response to genotoxic stress." SIGNOR-260843 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC27 protein P30260 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser426 TQPNINDsLEITKLD 9606 14657031 t lperfetto "Apc activation is thought to depend on apc phosphorylation and cdc20 binding. We have identified 43 phospho_sites on apc of which at least 34 are mitosis specific. Of these, 32 sites are clustered in parts of apc1 and the tetratricopeptide repeat (tpr) subunits cdc27, cdc16, cdc23 and apc7. In vitro, at least 15 of the mitotic phospho_sites can be generated by cyclin_dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), and 3 by polo_like kinase 1 (plk1). Apc phosphorylation by cdk1, but not by plk1, is sufficient for increased cdc20 binding and apc activation" SIGNOR-119873 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT AP2M1 protein Q96CW1 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 20965945 t gcesareni "Arkadia ubiquitylated the _?2 Subunit at lys130. In addition, arkadia interacted with the ap2 complex, and modified endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) induced by egf. Arkadia thus appears to regulate egf signalling by modulating endocytosis of egfr through interaction with ap2 complex." SIGNOR-168931 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1457 SEKAVLTsQKSSEYP 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t lperfetto "The brca1 (breast cancer gene 1) tumor suppressor protein is phosphorylated in response to dna damage. phosphorylation of brca1 by the checkpoint kinase atm may be critical for proper responses to dna double-strand breaks" SIGNOR-72056 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser107 SQPPSPPsPAPSSFS 9606 15448698 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-129406 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser516 GDRSGYSsPGSPGTP 9606 BTO:0000142 20308788 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Among the sites studied, thr205, thr212, ser214, and ser262 were the most favorable sites, and ser199 and ser404 were the least favorable sites for pp2a in vitro." SIGNOR-164659 NCSTN protein Q92542 UNIPROT gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "-Secretase is a four subunit, 19-pass transmembrane enzymeBiochemical studies indicated that -secretase activity is catalyzed by the presenilin (PS)-containing macromolecular complex (Li et al., 2000a). The search for other components of the complex revealed three additional proteins: nicastrin (Nct), anterior pharynx-defective-1 (Aph-1), and presenilin enhancer-2 (Pen-2)" SIGNOR-209711 PLAUR protein Q03405 UNIPROT KRT1 protein P04264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14691569 t "Regulation of binding" miannu "Cytokeratin 1 binds to both gC1qR and u-PAR. Our data suggest that formation of HK (and Factor XII) binding sites along endothelial cell membranes consists of bimolecular com-plexes of gC1qR-cytokeratin 1 and u-PAR-cytokeratin 1, with gC1qR binding being favored." SIGNOR-251880 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT MUC4 protein Q99102 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001861 19757157 f lperfetto "Through promoter screening, overexpressing methods and luciferase reporter studies, we found that transcription factors CREB, Ets-1, Elk-1 and STAT1 can positively regulate MUC4 expression at the promoter and mRNA level." SIGNOR-254091 RBX1 protein P62877 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 SIGNOR-C5 11295495 t gcesareni "The scf-betatrcp complex is responsible for the ubiquitination of p100 and p105 following their phosphorylation by ikk." SIGNOR-106781 DVL2 protein O14641 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 17529994 t lperfetto "Dishevelled (dvl) transduces the wnt signal by interacting with the cytoplasmic axin complex." SIGNOR-227920 RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser351 GRRGRLPsKPKQPPD 10116 11883936 t "From PMID 9395454: We have shown that the in vitro phosphorylation of Ser350 located within the ""A-box,"" a motif necessary for DNA binding by NGFI-B, results in a decrease in the binding of NGFI-B to its response element" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of a residue in the DNA-binding region (Ser-350 of NGFI-B and 354 of Nur77) has been described in detail to have effect on the transcriptional function of the protein [11, 24]. Growth-related kinase pp90rsk, but not ERK1 (pp44mapk), was shown to phosphorylate recombinant Nur77 in vitro in the DNA binding domain, but not the amino-terminus, using an immune complex kinase as- say [11]." SIGNOR-249429 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser296 KQRRSIIsPNFSFMG 9606 16286470 t lperfetto "The dual-specificity mapk phosphatase mkp-1/cl100/dusp1 is an inducible nuclear protein controlled by p44/42 mapk (erk1/2) in a negative feedback mechanism to inhibit kinase activity. Here, we report on the molecular basis for a novel positive feedback mechanism to sustain erk activation by triggering mkp-1 proteolysis. Active erk2 docking to the def motif (fxfp, residues 339-342) of n-terminally truncated mkp-1 in vitro initiated phosphorylation at the ser(296)/ser(323) domain" SIGNOR-141605 DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31226023 f miannu "ATF4 also induces another bZIP protein C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), which is responsible for triggering apoptosis in cells under prolonged ER stress. ATF4 and CHOP further induce growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible protein 34 (GADD34),a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) that dephosphorylates eIF2α. This negative feedback mechanism enables protein synthesis to resume after resolution of ER stress." SIGNOR-260171 SEMA3A protein Q14563 UNIPROT NRP1 protein O14786 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25335892 t miannu "Further examination of the composition of the functional Sema3B receptor revealed that, unlike Sema3A, which signals exclusively using the NP1 receptor, Sema3B utilizes both NP1 and NP2 for signal transduction." SIGNOR-261815 ZNF503 protein Q96F45 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 25538248 f Monia "Zpo2-overexpressing cells demonstrated high levels of pFAK compared with the control (Fig. 6A). Additionally, Western blot analysis indicated that, in response to Zpo2 expression, both EpH4.9 and PyMT cells increase FAK activity, as demonstrated by higher levels of pFAK staining (Fig. 6B)." SIGNOR-261191 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0003079 27181361 t Gianni "PAX5 tyrosine phosphorylation by SYK co-operatively functions with its serine phosphorylation to cancel the PAX5-dependent repression of BLIMP1: A mechanism for antigen-triggered plasma cell differentiation." SIGNOR-269084 ARHGEF25 protein Q86VW2 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 16314529 t gcesareni "Exogenous expression of geft promotes myogenesis ofc2c12 cells via activation of rhoa, rac1, and cdc42 and their downstream effector proteins, while a dominant negative mutant of geft inhibits this process." SIGNOR-236885 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser555 RALSNSVsNMGLSES 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249682 COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 12496264 t lperfetto "Modeling of the alpha I domain-collagen peptide complexes could partially explain the observed preference of different I domains for certain GFOGER sequence variations. In summary, our data indicate that the GFOGER sequence in fibrillar collagens is a common recognition motif used by alpha(1)beta(1), alpha(2)beta(1), and also alpha(11)beta(1) integrins." SIGNOR-253346 GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t miannu "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-264988 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10693759 t gcesareni "In vertebrates,pka-mediated phosphorylation of gli2 and gli3 initiates a phosphorylation cascade that leads to processing into repressors of transcription or frank degradation" SIGNOR-75362 "bisphenol A" chemical CHEBI:33216 ChEBI TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17379648 t miannu "Half-maximal inhibition of TPO by BPA and F21388 occurred at 174 and 37.5 mol/liter in the guaiacol assay." SIGNOR-268786 CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements. PER and CRY proteins form heterodimers and suppress the activity of the BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) completing the feedback loop." SIGNOR-267971 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT NR1H2 protein P55055 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14993927 t gcesareni "We provide genetic and molecular evidence that cholesterol homeostasis in scs does not require pparalpha and beta, but depends upon the tif2 coactivator and rxrbeta/lxrbeta heterodimers, in which rxrbeta af-2 is transcriptionally active." SIGNOR-123094 Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266449 pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI (S)-lactate smallmolecule CHEBI:16651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24929216 t "Glucose and alanine produce pyruvate which is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm without oxygen consumption. Lactate removal takes place via its oxidation to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase." SIGNOR-266920 "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t miannu "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-268525 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 FIFMRRSsLLSRSSS 9606 16282323 t lperfetto "Recombinant Akt could directly phosphorylate a GST-Bim(EL) fusion protein and identified the Akt phosphorylation site in the Bim(EL) domain as Ser(87). Further, we demonstrated that cytokine stimulation promotes Bim(EL) binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Finally, we show that mutation of Ser(87) dramatically increases the apoptotic potency of Bim(EL)." SIGNOR-141581 POLR3E protein Q9NVU0 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266129 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SUPT5H protein O00267 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr775 TPMYGSQtPMYGSGS 9606 16427012 t lperfetto "We describe an evolutionarily conserved repetitive heptapeptide motif (consensus = g-s-r/q-t-p) in the c-terminal region (ctr) of hspt5, which, like the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rna pol ii, is highly phosphorylated by p-tefb. Thr-4 residues of the ctr repeats are functionally important phosphorylation sites. In vitro, thr-4 phosphorylation is critical for the elongation activation activity of dsif" SIGNOR-143923 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr221 GGPEPGPyAQPSVNT 10090 BTO:0000944 9480911 t "On activation of the IGF-I receptor, Crk-II binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues, especially in the juxtamembrane region. As a result of this binding, the IGF-I receptor kinase phosphorylates Tyr-221 of Crk-II, resulting in a change in intramolecular folding and binding of the SH2 domain to the phosphorylated Tyr-221, which causes rapid disassociation of the Crk-II-IGF-I receptor complex." SIGNOR-251273 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-270032 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 17705188 f lperfetto "Inflammatory stimuli can activate IkappaB kinase (IKK) signalsome and subsequently the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), which influences gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) along with other transcription factors." SIGNOR-260262 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 32665005 t lperfetto "During vascular injury, TF is exposed to the blood, where it functions as a cofactor for the circulating zymogen factor VII (FVII). This TF:FVIIa complex can then bind and activate either factor IX (FIX) or factor X (FX), triggering a cascade that generates fibrin and activates platelets, resulting in a hemostatic plug at the site of injury." SIGNOR-263543 CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19056339 t lperfetto "We therefore compared human cyclin a1- and cyclin a2-containing cdk complexes in vitro by determining kinetic constants and by examining the complexes for their ability to phosphorylate prb and p53. Differences in biochemical activity were observed in cdk2 but not cdk1 when complexed with cyclin a1 versus cyclin a2. Further, cdk1/cyclin a1 is a better kinase complex for phosphorylating potentially physiologically relevant substrates prb and p53 than cdk2/cyclin a2." SIGNOR-182566 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser77 EIVPSPPsPPPLPRI 9606 11955452 t llicata "Thus, we demonstrate that the cdk7 kinase of tfiih phosphorylates the nuclear receptor, then allowing ligand-dependent control of the activation of the hormone-responsive genes." SIGNOR-116582 ketoconazole chemical CHEBI:47519 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258060 BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT VDAC1 protein P21796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10365962 t lperfetto "The recombinant pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak accelerate the opening of VDAC" SIGNOR-249613 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259051 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 IIRLRNKtLIEDEIA 9606 BTO:0000150 20231902 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates mst2 at thr117 in vitro and in vivo, which leads to mst2 cleavage and kinase activity as well as nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-252509 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM72 protein Q6ZMU5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271172 Cytoplasmic_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF67 SIGNOR Cilium_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH64 SIGNOR up-regulates 16440056 f lperfetto "A second cytoplasmic dynein complex, cytoplasmic dynein 2, has a role in intraflagellar transport (IFT), a process required for ciliary/flagellar assembly" SIGNOR-265022 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 14697653 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-270166 estramustine chemical CHEBI:4868 ChEBI MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 1647395 t miannu "Estramustine is a novel anti-microtubule drug shown to bind MAP-1 and MAP-2 (microtubule-associated proteins) in vitro. In this paper we have shown that estramustine specifically binds MAP-1A in Du 145a cells, resulting in disruption of MAP-1A microtubules and inhibition of type IV collagenase secretion." SIGNOR-259298 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr397 EDEPEGDyEEVLEPE 9606 BTO:0000776 9104825 t llicata "Here, we show that bcr-associated tyrosine kinases lyn and syk synergistically phosphorylate hs1, and that tyr-378 and tyr-397 of hs1 are the critical residues for its bcr-induced phosphorylation. once the two tyrosine residues are both phosphorylated, processive phosphorylation of hs1 by lyn and the other src family kinases would take place, producing hyperphosphorylated form of hs1. Finally, it is this hyperphosphorylated form of hs1 that translocates to the nucleus and activates b cell apoptosis." SIGNOR-47342 baicalein chemical CHEBI:2979 ChEBI CYP2C9 protein P11712 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190236 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr323 GCHLLVAtPGRLVDM 9606 SIGNOR-C17 16280325 t lperfetto "Thr204 to glu204 ddx3 mutant protein lost its function, suggesting that phosphorylation at thr204 affects ddx3 function. Thr204 was phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2. Thr323 in motif ib was also phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2 kinase. We propose a novel function of cyclin b/cdc2 kinase in mitosis, which is to cause a loss of ddx3 function to repress cyclin a expression and to decrease ribosome biogenesis and translation during mitosis." SIGNOR-141569 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT TBX22 protein Q9Y458 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 25373698 t miannu "TBX22 is an X-linked gene, which encodes a T-box-containing transcription factor. Loss-of-function mutation in the X-linked TBX22 promoter disrupts an ETS-1 binding site and leads to cleft palate. We first link the transcription factor ETS-1 to TBX22 pathway during embryonic palatogenesis." SIGNOR-265565 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 LPNNTSSsPQPKKKP 9606 14640983 t lperfetto "We used non-radioactive electrophoretic mobility shift assays to show that c-terminal phosphorylation of p53 protein by cdk2/cyclin a on ser315 or by pkc on ser378 can efficiently stimulate p53 binding to dna in vitro." SIGNOR-217300 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7326 RAGSRASsRRGSDAS 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264434 ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257191 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 10487978 t "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme." SIGNOR-267409 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 9606 22311969 t gcesareni "Pp1 dephosphorylated thr125 site of caspase-9 and activated caspase-9 to mediate il-2 deprivation-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-195992 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16931515 t lpetrilli "In this study, we have found that ppm1a, a metal ion-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase, physically interacts with and dephosphorylates smad1 both in vitro and in vivo. considering the highly conserved nature of the sxs motif in all r-smads, we reasoned that ppm1a might also recognize the sxs motif in the bmp-activated smad1." SIGNOR-149077 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr119 HNLMRRStVSLLDTY 23871434 t "Phosphosite positions are derived from Figure S5" lperfetto "AMPKalpha2-mediated inhibition of WIP1 phosphorylation by HIPK2|Site-directed mutagenesis of Thr112 and Ser114 in the N terminus, and Thr1107 in the C terminus markedly reduced HIPK2 phosphorylation by AMPKalpha2 in vitro" SIGNOR-275482 PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266536 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 23616010 t lperfetto "Erk also undergoes rapid translocation into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and activates a variety of transcription factor targets, including sp1, e2f, elk-1, and ap1." SIGNOR-233520 RAPGEF5 protein Q92565 UNIPROT RAP1A protein P62834 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 21791615 t miannu "We found here that cAMP-dependent activation of Epac1 and Rap1 but not PKA is able to activate CaMKI to mediate Ser47 (S47) phosphorylation in GCM1. Epac1 and Epac2 proteins were identified as cAMP-binding proteins with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activities for the small GTPases, Rap1 and Rap2" SIGNOR-262682 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT SKAP1 protein Q86WV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr232 EEEKEETyDDIDGFD 9606 BTO:0000661 11909961 t "Mutational analysis demonstrated the pivotal role of Tyr-232 in SKAP55 in the association with CD45. In Jurkat cells, anti-CD3 antibody stimulation promoted SKAP55 tyrosine phosphorylation and translocation from the cytoplasm to the membrane. Overexpression of SKAP55 in these cells induced transcriptional activation of the IL-2 promoter, while mutant SKAP55-Y232F totally suppressed the promoter activity. Furthermore, overexpression of SKAP55-Y232F also caused the tyrosine hyperphosphorylation of Fyn with a decreased kinase activity. Thus, SKAP55 is an essential adapter to couple CD45 with the Src family kinases for dephosphorylation and, thus, positively regulates TCR signaling." SIGNOR-248360 CSF2 protein P04141 UNIPROT CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10572088 t gcesareni "We have determined the nmr structure of a ligand-binding domain of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) receptor comparisons between the spectra of the 15n-labelled domain with and without g-csf indicate that the major ligand-recognition site is on the fg loop just upstream of the wsxws sequence." SIGNOR-72458 PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23000145 t scontino "Upon stimulation with various immune receptors, PLCγ2 cleaves the membrane-bound phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-biphosphate (PIP2) into the second messenger molecules inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." SIGNOR-268454 TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001938 12271141 f lperfetto "These findings strongly implicate the tuberin-hamartin tumor suppressor complex as an inhibitor of mtor" SIGNOR-251527 TRIM65 protein Q6PJ69 UNIPROT TNRC6A protein Q8NDV7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 24778252 t miannu "Ubiquitination assays demonstrate that TRIM65 is an ubiquitin E3 ligase for TNRC6 proteins. The combination of overexpression and knockdown studies establishes that TRIM65 relieves miRNA-driven suppression of mRNA expression through ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TNRC6." SIGNOR-272174 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256881 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5√¢‚Ǩ¬≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-268060 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr136 AEDAKAIyDFTDTVI 9606 22195962 t llicata "Mitochondrial pdhk1 is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated by fgfr1 in cancer cells further mass spectrometric analysis identified three tyrosine residues of pdhk1, including y136, y243 and y244, that are phosphorylated by fgfr1" SIGNOR-191719 KMT2E protein Q8IZD2-8 UNIPROT NCR2 protein O95944 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000737 23958951 t miannu "We identify natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 (NKp44L), a novel isoform of the mixed-lineage leukemia-5 protein, as a cellular ligand for NKp44. Unlike the other MLL family members, NKp44L is excluded from the nucleus, but expressed at the cell-surface level; its subcellular localization is being associated with the presence of a specific C-terminal motif. Strikingly, NKp44L has not been detected on circulating cells isolated from healthy individuals, but it is expressed on a large panel of the tumor and transformed cells." SIGNOR-260042 "prostaglandin F2alpha" smallmolecule CHEBI:15553 ChEBI Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 f apalma "Prostaglandins are able to affect muscle cell proliferation (142), differentiation (96) and fusion (141), and can also modulate muscle fiber growth and the synthesis and degradation of proteins in muscle" SIGNOR-255360 SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Like other wnt co-receptors, syndecan 4 directly interacts with dvl during pcp 1." SIGNOR-199632 PBX3 protein P40426 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265805 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 EPDHYRYsDTTDSDP 9606 21779440 t gcesareni "The C-terminal tail of PTEN is also the target of mutations in tumors. As mentioned, this region contains the main phosphorylation sites mapped to residues Ser362, Thr366, Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, and the kinases involved are casein kinase 2 (CK2), GSK3_, LKB1, and MAST.84,97-101 The phosphorylation of the tail has been shown to enhance PTEN stability but at the same time decrease its phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-152348 ruxolitinib chemical CHEBI:66919 ChEBI JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258278 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 12792650 t lperfetto "Inhibition of caspase-9 through phosphorylation at Thr 125 by ERK MAPK|The opposing protein kinase activity is overcome by treatment with the broad-specificity kinase inhibitor staurosporine or with inhibitors of MEK1/2" SIGNOR-249386 P2RX7 protein Q99572 UNIPROT PLD2 protein O14939 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 8573088 f mrosina "This study shows that extracellular ATP, acting through the P2Z purinoceptor, stimulated PLD activity in human lymphocytes." SIGNOR-254966 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT GUCD1 protein Q96NT3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24743017 t miannu "The E3 ligase NEDD4 regulates GUCD1 degradation. many polyubiquitinylated species of GUCD1 appeared as high molecular weight forms, suggesting that GUCD1 is degraded by the proteasome, after polyubiquitin chain formation, in the presence of NEDD4-1." SIGNOR-272846 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr531 FTATEPQyQPGENL 9606 BTO:0000782 11909961 t "On the membrane SKAP55, via its phosphorylated Tyr-271, further binds the SH2 domain of Fyn to replace the low-affinity bound inhibitory site of the kinase. Consequently, CD45 may have transiently disassociated with the Tyr-232 residue of SKAP55 through dephosphorylation and simultaneously interacted with the released the phosphorylated inhibitory tyrosine residue of Fyn for dephosphorylation, resulting in activation of the Src family kinase Fyn and initiation of TCR-engaged signal transduction." SIGNOR-248352 "bisphenol A" chemical CHEBI:33216 ChEBI AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity.In our study, BPs showed AhR agonist activity only at the highest concentrations, and the mixture did not differ from the single BPs." SIGNOR-268735 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu637 QKLVFFAeDVGSNKG -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261768 JAK1/STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C120 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30029643 f areggio "In summary, our results indicate IL-15 can stimulate the proliferation of FAPs through Jak-STAT pathway." SIGNOR-256230 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 16401070 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation decreased the ability of mbp to polymerize actin and to bundle actin filaments but had no effect on the dissociation constant of the mbp-actin complex or on the ability of ca2+-calmodulin to dissociate the complex. The most significant effect of phosphorylation on the mbp-actin complex was a dramatic reduction in its ability to bind to negatively charged lipid bilayers. The identification of myelin basic protein (phosphorylation at -pro-arg-thr-pro-) as a substrate for the erk kinases (fig. 1) demonstrates that there are other determinants important for substrate recognition than those present in the originally identified consensus sequence." SIGNOR-270100 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000527 25303533 t miannu "KLHL9 mediates poly-ubiquitylation of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ isoforms. We confirmed KLHL9 deletions in an independent cohort and showed that this protein is necessary for Cul3-ligase mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of established MES-GBM MRs, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ." SIGNOR-272457 GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr485 LDIEQFStVKGVELE 9534 BTO:0000298 10334944 t "GRK6 Is Autophosphorylated in COS-7 Cells. GRK6, like GRK5, is autophosphorylated on Ser484 and Thr485. Whether the autophosphorylation of GRK6 modulates its activity remains however to be established." SIGNOR-251212 NONO protein Q15233 UNIPROT NONO/SFPQ complex SIGNOR-C62 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000017 9756848 t miannu "We show that the psf/p54 dimer has pronounced stimulatory effect on dna catalysis by topoisomerase i" SIGNOR-60475 BCL7A protein Q4VC05 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270723 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sESFTMAS 9606 19647517 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of mcm2 by cdc7 promotes pre-replication complex assembly during cell-cycle re-entry" SIGNOR-187396 MDFI protein Q99750 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 8797820 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that I-mf inhibits the transactivation activity of the MyoD family and represses myogenesis. I-mf associates with MyoD family members and retains them in the cytoplasm by masking their nuclear localization signals." SIGNOR-240493 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr450 TAQMITItPPDQDDS 9606 11839802 t gcesareni "Integrin alpha 2 beta 1 promotes activation of protein phosphatase 2a and dephosphorylation of akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta" SIGNOR-114767 Hexocyclium chemical CHEBI:5707 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258398 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT GP9 protein P14770 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002581 15466856 f miannu "Both Fli-1 and GATA-1 are required for formation of an active transcriptional complex on the C-MPL and GPIX promoters in vivo." SIGNOR-254161 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 10029 15069075 t lperfetto "Extensive studies have provided evidence that phosphorylation of Ser307 in IRS-1 inhibits IR/IRS-1 complex formation and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation after prolonged insulin-stimulation similar to our results." SIGNOR-236760 HOXC13 protein P31276 UNIPROT DSG4 protein Q86SJ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000552 19683850 f miannu "we studied the transcriptional regulation of DSG4 by transcription factors/pathways that are known regulators of hair keratin or KAP expression. We show that HOXC13, LEF1 and FOXN1 repress DSG4 transcription and provide in vitro and in vivo evidence correlating the Notch pathway with the activation and/or maintenance of DSG4 expression in the hair follicle." SIGNOR-254184 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20185585 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-163956 GNB5 protein O14775 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004032 21303898 t miannu "The D2-class dopamine receptors (D2, D3, and D4) couple to the Gi/o family of G proteins and thus induce inhibition of AC" SIGNOR-267850 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269786 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12473678 t Luana "Thus, these results indicate that MeCP2-interacting Dnmt1 has significant maintenance DNA methyltransferase activity and that MeCP2 does not vanish Dnmt1 enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-264541 CNOT7 protein Q9UIV1 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268307 SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR MED13L protein Q71F56 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23322298 t miannu "The SCF-Fbw7 ubiquitin ligase degrades MED13 and MED13L and regulates CDK8 module association with Mediator. We show that Fbw7, a tumor suppressor and ubiquitin ligase, binds to CDK8-Mediator and targets MED13/13L for degradation. MED13/13L physically link the CDK8 module to Mediator, and Fbw7 loss increases CDK8 module-Mediator association." SIGNOR-266689 FBXO3 protein Q9UK99 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004573 18809579 t miannu "O clarify the role of PML in transcription regulation, we purified the PML complex and identified Fbxo3 (Fbx3), Skp1, and Cullin1 as novel components of this complex. Fbx3 formed SCF(Fbx3) ubiquitin ligase and promoted the degradation of HIPK2 and p300 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-271744 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT SLC1A3 protein P43003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr482 LDRLRTTtNVLGDSL -1 12911626 t miannu "Site‐directed mutagenesis of the SGK1 phosphorylation sites in the Nedd4‐2 protein (S382A,S468ANedd4‐2) and in the EAAT1 protein (T482AEAAT1, T482DEAAT1) significantly blunts the effect of S422DSGK1. Introduction of a negative charge at the SGK phosphorylation site in the EAAT1 protein leads to a strong stimulation of the carrier, whereas replacement with alanine markedly decreases the EAAT1‐mediated current. These observations suggest that SGK1 exerts its effect not only by phosphorylation of Nedd4‐2 but also by phosphorylation of EAAT1." SIGNOR-263075 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT GTF2A2 protein P52657 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9620850 t "Inhibits transcription" gcesareni "Rbp interacts with two transcriptional coactivators: dtafii110, a subunit of tfiid, and tfiia to repress transcription. The domain of dtafii110 targeted by rbp is the same domain that interacts with tfiia" SIGNOR-57832 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20185585 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-163941 DTX4 protein Q9Y2E6 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000938 10531053 t gcesareni "Nlrp4 negatively regulates type i interferon signaling by targeting the kinase tbk1 for degradation via the ubiquitin ligase dtx4" SIGNOR-71565 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1787 SPNYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120036 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR F3 protein P13726 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001949 12744731 f miannu "In conclusion, NF-kappaB could be activated promptly after HUVEC incubated with TNF-alpha, then it was bound to TF promotor to start the TF transcription, TF mRNA expression was upregulated, that leaded to the increase of TF expression on the HUVEC surface and activated the coagulation cascade." SIGNOR-254810 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser389 LSPIAPRsPAKLSFQ 9606 BTO:0000567 8846788 t lperfetto "However, both of these stimuli strongly activate two other mapks, jnk1 and jnk2, and stimulate elk-1 transcriptional activity and phosphorylation jnk phosphorylation sites include ser383 and ser389, the major residues whose phosphorylation is responsible for enhancement of elk-1 trascriptional activity." SIGNOR-247062 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser715 YQSTIPQsPSPAPDD 9606 BTO:0000007 10022832 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-2" gcesareni "These straddle the target residue, ser(579), for erk2 phosphorylation of pde4d3. Mutation of either or both of these docking sites prevented erk2 from being co-immunoprecipitated with pde4d3, ablated the ability of epidermal growth factor to inhibit pde4d3 through erk2 action in transfected cos cells, and attenuated the ability of erk2 to phosphorylate pde4d3 in vitro." SIGNOR-64326 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr609 SAAQLAStPFHKLPV 9606 16760428 t gcesareni "The plk1-bub1 interaction requires the polo-box domain (pbd) of plk1 and is enhanced by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1)-mediated phosphorylation of bub1 at t609" SIGNOR-147065 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser305 IYQLMDHsNMDCFIC phosphorylation:Ser387 YLEMDLSsPQTRYIP 24484936 t lperfetto "By phosphorylating S387 in procaspase-8 Cdk1/cyclin B1 generates a phospho-epitope for the binding of the PBD of Plk1. Subsequently, S305 in procaspase-8 is phosphorylated by Plk1 during mitosis. Using an RNAi-based strategy we could demonstrate that the extrinsic cell death is increased upon Fas-stimulation when endogenous caspase-8 is replaced by a mutant (S305A) mimicking the non-phosphorylated form. Together, our data show that sequential phosphorylation by Cdk1/cyclin B1 and Plk1 decreases the sensitivity of cells toward stimuli of the extrinsic pathway during mitosis." SIGNOR-272989 MT-ND5 protein P03915 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND5-module corresponds to the distal part of the membrane arm and it is composed of MT-ND5, NDUFB2, NDUFB3, NDUFB7, NDUFB8, NDUFB9 and NDUFAB1" SIGNOR-262148 TSPAN33 protein Q86UF1 UNIPROT ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 30463011 t Simone "Using cell biological and biochemical methods, we now show that ADAM10 is docked to junctions by its transmembrane partner Tspan33, whose cytoplasmic C terminus binds to the WW domain of PLEKHA7 in the presence of PDZD11." SIGNOR-261251 KIF1C protein O43896 UNIPROT RAB6A protein P20340 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization -1 20360680 t miannu "Here, we identify Bicaudal-D-related protein 1 (BICDR-1) as an effector of the small GTPase Rab6 and key component of the molecular machinery that controls secretory vesicle transport in developing neurons. BICDR-1 interacts with kinesin motor Kif1C, the dynein/dynactin retrograde motor complex, regulates the pericentrosomal localization of Rab6-positive secretory vesicles and is required for neural development in zebrafish. In young neurons, BICDR-1 accumulates Rab6 secretory vesicles around the centrosome, restricts anterograde secretory transport and inhibits neuritogenesis. Later during development, BICDR-1 expression is strongly reduced, which permits anterograde secretory transport required for neurite outgrowth. These results indicate an important role for BICDR-1 as temporal regulator of secretory trafficking during the early phase of neuronal differentiation." SIGNOR-266877 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CYGB protein Q8WWM9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 28948618 t miannu "Skp2 induces ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cygb. To this end, we performed an in vivo ubiquitination assay in HEK293T cells by transfecting relevant plasmids as indicated. The V5-Skp2DN was generated by deleting the N-terminal residues from 1 to 153 containing the F-box domain, which is involved in recruiting Skp2 to the SCF complex." SIGNOR-272794 EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257052 KCNB1 protein Q14721 UNIPROT VAPA protein Q9P0L0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 29941597 t lperfetto "Confirmation that Kv2.1 and -2.2 bind VAPA and VAPB employed colocalization/redistribution, siRNA knockdown, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assays.|As Kv2.1 accumulates on the surface it begins to bind ER VAPs and form the large and stable membrane junctions." SIGNOR-262122 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206364 ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI sphingomyelin smallmolecule CHEBI:64583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18184806 t miannu "Ceramide is a common precursor for both sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids, which are ubiquitous components of membranes in mammalian cells and play important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis" SIGNOR-268497 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12270934 t lperfetto "Mek1 as indicated by extensive phosphorylation of erk1 and erk2 during the initial 2 h of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-235940 CSNK1G2 protein P78368 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15917222 t miannu "Ck1_ and ck1_2 can promote proteasome-dependent per1 degradation in mammalian tissue culture cells, and their removal by rnai leads to an increased abundance of per1." SIGNOR-137751 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 ACTNFMMtPYVVTRY 9606 BTO:0000007 9890973 t "phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif" gcesareni "Here we report that mkk4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (tyr-185), and mkk7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (thr-183) in three sapk1/jnk1 isoforms tested (jnk1 alpha 1, jnk2 alpha 2 and jnk3 alpha 1). These results indicate that hgk, a novel activator of the jnk pathway, may function through tak1, and that the hgk --> tak1 --> mkk4, mkk7 --> jnk kinase cascade may mediate the TNF-alphalpha signaling pathway." SIGNOR-63976 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1609 LGPYEAVtPLTKAAD -1 24703952 t lperfetto "Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |phosphorylation of T1609 is likely to be mediated by p38 MAPK" SIGNOR-264448 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser556 LLRSPGsPQETVPE 10116 11724780 t lperfetto "These results strongly suggested that the fatty acid inhibition of glucose-induced l-PK transcription resulted from AMPK phosphorylation of ChREBP at Ser568, which inactivated the DNA binding activity." SIGNOR-216526 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 28363951 f lperfetto "Furthermore, PTH acts on osteocytes to suppress the expression of sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling (Li, et al. 2005; Semenov, et al. 2005)). PTH action on sclerostin is primarily through cAMP signaling (Keller and Kneissel 2005) and mediated by Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcriptional regulators (Leupin, et al. 2007). Using the cAMP signaling pathway in osteoblasts, PTH also inhibits the expression of Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1) (Guo et al. 2010a), which is another Wnt pathway inhibitor " SIGNOR-270553 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser286 KFIMGDSsVQDQWKE 9606 BTO:0000567 phosphorylation:Ser386 LRGAQAAsPAKGEPS 23348582 t lperfetto "Cdk1-cyclin B1 directly phosphorylates PTP1B at serine 386 in a kinase assay. Recombinant Plk1 phosphorylates PTP1B on serine 286 and 393 in vitro, however, it requires a priming phosphorylation by Cdk1 at serine 386 highlighting a novel co-operation between Cdk1 and Plk1 in the regulation of PTP1B.|Finally, phosphorylation on serine 286 enhanced PTP1B phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-272990 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser637 HSLLERYsVNEGLVA 9606 BTO:0000567 phosphorylation:Thr550 PPINGSStPNPKIAS 19509060 t lperfetto "Here we report that the function of Nedd1 is regulated by Cdk1 and Plk1. During mitosis, Nedd1 is firstly phosphorylated at T550 by Cdk1, which creates a binding site for the polo-box domain of Plk1. Then, Nedd1 is further phosphorylated by Plk1 at four sites: T382, S397, S637 and S426. The sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 promotes its interaction with gamma-tubulin for targeting the gammaTuRC to the centrosome and is important for spindle formation." SIGNOR-272991 MAPK8IP2 protein Q13387 UNIPROT MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10490659 t gcesareni "Deletion analysis demonstrated that the cooh-terminal regions of jip1 and jip2 were sufficient for the formation of hetero-oligomeric complexes" SIGNOR-70863 SIX4 protein Q9UIU6 UNIPROT UBA52 protein P62987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 9826681 f gcesareni "We have demonstrated by studies of transgenic mice the importance of the mef3 motif present in the myogeninpromoter for its activation and have characterized the mef3 binding activity as consisting of two skeletal-muscle specific members of the six family, six1 and six4." SIGNOR-62178 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr325 TELEPLCtPVVTCTP 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-118027 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination Lys501 LQLAVLLkENDAFED 9606 BTO:0000567 32014991 t miannu "DCAF4-mediated ubiquitination of OPTN facilitates the degradation of DBR-exposed SOD1. OPTN is involved in degradation of DBR-exposed SOD1. These data demonstrate that DCAF4-including CRL4 complex mediates OPTN ubiquitination at lysine 501, and this ubiquitination is absent in the ALS-related OPTNmut." SIGNOR-272209 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8114697 t lperfetto "P34cdc2 catalyzes the in vitro phosphorylation of mkk1 on both of these threonine residues and inactivates mkk1 enzymatic activity. Both sites are phosphorylated in vivo as well" SIGNOR-244847 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr352 TEVYESPyADPEEIR 9606 9820500 t lperfetto "These represented sites of tyrosine phosphorylation previously identified from the study of in vitro autophosphorylated Syk. Phosphorylation was observed on peptides corresponding to Tyr130, Tyr317, Tyr342, Tyr346, Tyr519, and Tyr520" SIGNOR-246613 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3" SIGNOR-244576 THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-267779 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ADAM15 protein Q13444 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr735 LKGPTCQyRAAQSGP 9606 11741929 t lperfetto "Hck, and to a lesser extent lck, phosphorylated the adam15. Deletion and point mutation analysis of the adam15 cytoplasmic domain confirmed the importance of the proline-rich motifs for grb2 and lck binding and indicated the regulatory nature of tyr(715) and tyr(735). These data demonstrate selective, phosphorylation-dependent interactions of adam15 with src family ptks and grb2, which highlight the potential for integration of adam functions and cellular signaling." SIGNOR-112935 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser332 STPKSKQsPISTPTS 9606 21159948 t lperfetto "Gsk3b phosphorylates dcx at the distinct site of ser327 and thereby contributes to dcx function in the restriction of axon branching. Together, our data define a jip3-regulated gsk3_/dcx signaling pathway that restricts axon branching in the mammalian brain.Gsk3_ induces the phosphorylation of dcx at ser327, which contributes to dcx function in the inhibition of axon branching and self-contact." SIGNOR-170755 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT RGS2 protein P41220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 KDWKTRLsYFLQNSS -1 14608379 t lperfetto "Thus, PKGI-alpha binds to, phosphorylates and activates RGS-2, attenuating receptor-mediated vascular contraction. " SIGNOR-249240 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser368 NTSPRAIsRVDRERK 9606 BTO:0000007 10542239 t llicata "Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. T" SIGNOR-250808 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18483217 f "PDGF signaling has been implicated in several fibrotic conditions and is assumed to play a role in driving proliferation of cells with a myofibroblast phenotype." SIGNOR-254371 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8631863 t gcesareni "Grb7 and grb10, likely relay signals emanating from ret to other, as yet, unidentified targets within the cell" SIGNOR-41699 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15564063 f miannu "Increased expression of RUNX2 in OA cartilage may contribute to increased expression of MMP-13. FGF2, which is present in OA synovial fluid, activated RUNX2 via the MEK/ERK pathway and increased MMP-13 expression." SIGNOR-255078 HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257250 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT CYP1A1 protein P04798 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22387692 f lperfetto "The miR-24-dependent down-regulation of ARNT decreased the expression of its downstream genes such as CYP1A1 and carbonic anhydrase IX." SIGNOR-253705 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser561 MANDSDDsISAATNK -1 28436950 t miannu "Here we show that MRE11 directly interacts with PIH1D1, a subunit of heat-shock protein 90 cochaperone R2TP complex, which is required for the assembly of large protein complexes, such as RNA polymerase II, small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. The MRE11-PIH1D1 interaction is dependent on casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation of two acidic sequences within the MRE11 C terminus containing serines 558/561 and 688/689." SIGNOR-265894 PTGER3 protein P43115 UNIPROT GNB3 protein P16520 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12038972 t gcesareni "Ep3 receptor signals are primarily involved in adenylyl cyclase via g(i) activation, and in ca(2+)-mobilization through g(beta)(gamma) from g(i)" SIGNOR-88192 HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT KITLG protein P21583 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 15378028 f miannu "Human KIT ligand promoter is positively regulated by HMGA1 in breast and ovarian cancer cells." SIGNOR-254426 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser408 SIKSEPIsPPRDRMT 9606 BTO:0004102 12691662 t lperfetto "Cdk5-mediated inhibition of the protective effects of transcription factor mef2 in neurotoxicity-induced apoptosis.We have identified the prosurvival transcription factor mef2 as a direct nuclear target of cdk5. Cdk5 phosphorylates mef2 at a distinct serine in its transactivation domain to inhibit mef2 activity." SIGNOR-100574 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11278729 t lperfetto "Coexpression of activated c-Src and Stat3 synergistically induced strong HGF promoter activity in SP1 cells" SIGNOR-251742 ELP1 protein O95163 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12058026 f gcesareni "Ikap efficiently and specifically enhanced jnk activation induced by ectopic expression of mekk1 and ask1, upstream activators of jnk" SIGNOR-89334 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 7518560 t lperfetto "Erbb1 recruites grb2 through sh2 domain;from these studies, we concluded that grb2 binds directly to the egfr at y-1068, to a lesser extent at y-1086, and indirectly at y-1173. Egfr has six binding sites for the adapter protein grb2, and erbb4 has five, each with different binding strength several tyrosine-based motifs recruit a number of signal transducers to the phosphorylated form of erbb1 such as the adaptor proteins growth-factor-receptor bound-2 (grb2) and src-homology-2-containing (shc)." SIGNOR-235721 BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15218035 t gcesareni "Formation of a survivin-xiap complex promotes increased xiap stability against ubiquitination/proteasomal destruction and synergistic apoptosis" SIGNOR-126367 "Dynorphin A" smallmolecule CHEBI:4727 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257552 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT ZBTB4 protein Q9P1Z0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr795 AAERPGGtPTPVIAY -1 19448668 t miannu "The human protein kinase HIPK2 phosphorylates and downregulates the methyl-binding transcription factor ZBTB4." SIGNOR-262880 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY6 protein O43306 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-204195 CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257217 RAB6C protein Q9H0N0 UNIPROT VPS13B protein Q7Z7G8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25492866 t miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. COH1 Golgi Localization Is Mediated by Active RAB6 . COH1 Interacts with All Three Mammalian RAB6 Homologues" SIGNOR-269204 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 17804415 t gcesareni "Stress-induced c-jun activation mediated by polo-like kinase 3 in corneal epithelial cells. Hypoxia/reoxygenation activated plk3 in hce cells to directly phosphorylate c-jun proteins at phosphorylation sites ser-63 and ser-73, and to increase dna binding activity of c-jun." SIGNOR-157725 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT UNC5A protein Q6ZN44 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser532 EPSPDSWsLRLKKQS 10116 BTO:0003036 16554470 t miannu "We show that protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) recruits activated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) to MycUNC5A at the plasma membrane, stimulating its endocytosis. We identify two PKCα phosphorylation sites at serines 408 and 587, as well as dileucine internalization motifs, which are required for this endocytosis." SIGNOR-268179 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR TSPYL2 protein Q9H2G4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 RRLSSSEsPQRDPPP 9606 BTO:0000567 11395479 t llicata "We observed that a CDA1 mutant with the two consensus CDK phosphorylation sites abolished (S20A and T340A) disabled its capacity to inhibit cell growth, indicating that these sites are important for the function of this protein. Furthermore, we showed that these sites are phosphorylated by cyclin/CDKs in vitro, suggesting that these kinases may regulate CDA1 function in vivo. " SIGNOR-250752 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PROM1 protein O43490 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr852 GYHKDHVyGIHNPVM 9606 19296573 t llicata "Cd133 (prominin-1) is phosphorylated on cytoplasmic tyrosine-828 and tyrosine-852 by src" SIGNOR-184776 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser172 LCLSPASsGSSASFI 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248680 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 9528794 t gcesareni "Our results are consistent with a model in which notch and deltex act on e47 by inhibiting signaling through ras." SIGNOR-56144 PTK6 protein Q13882 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr435 ARPVKGAyREHPYGR 9606 16179349 t lperfetto "We show that BRK phosphorylates Sam68 on all three tyrosines in the nuclear localization signal." SIGNOR-249293 TRIM32 protein Q13049 UNIPROT DTNBP1 protein Q96EV8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 19349376 t miannu "TRIM32 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for dysbindin. TRIM32 targets dysbindin for degradation." SIGNOR-265658 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT Mob1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF42 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21808241 t "The regulation of MOB1 and LATS1/2 by MST1/2 may be organ and disease-specific." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2 mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-269855 "UV stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST7 SIGNOR RRM2B protein Q7LG56 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001061 14583450 f miannu "Taken together, we conclude that UV-induced activation of p53R2 transcription and binding of p53R2 to hRRM1 to form RR holoenzyme are impaired in the p53-mutant cell line PC3." SIGNOR-259362 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 10116 7535768 t "Dephosphorylation and Inactivation of ERKs|ERK1 phosphorylated on either threonine (ERK1*Y204F) or tyrosine alone (ERK1*T202A) was utilized as a substrate for HVH2. Threonine 202 and tyrosine 204 in ERK1 (53) correspond to threonine 183 and tyrosine 185 in ERK2 which are the activation-phosphorylation sites by MEK(14, 15, 16). ERK1*, a kinase-deficient mutant, was phosphorylated on both threonine and tyrosine by MEK2 (Fig. 3B). ERK1*T202A, having threonine 202 substituted by an alanine, was phosphorylated only on tyrosine while ERK1*Y204F, having tyrosine 204 substituted by a phenylalanine, was phosphorylated only on threonine (Fig. 3B). GST-HVH2 dephosphorylated all three ERK1* mutants (Fig. 3A), suggesting that double phosphorylations of adjacent threonine and tyrosine were not a prerequisite for HVH2 recognition. However, HVH2 dephosphorylated ERK1* and ERK1*T202A more efficiently than ERK1*Y204F (Fig. 3A), indicating that HVH2 preferred phosphotyrosine over phosphothreonine. Interestingly, MEK also phosphorylated tyrosine residues more efficiently than threonine residues of ERK" SIGNOR-248716 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253419 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 11283671 t apalma "Here we show that AML1–ETO blocks C/EBPα –dependent activation of its own promoter and thereby inhibits autoregulation." SIGNOR-255672 "3-(4-{[5-Fluoro-2-(4-methylphenyl)phenyl]methoxy}phenyl)propanoic acid" chemical CID:57522038 PUBCHEM FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257491 SCF(TBL1) complex SIGNOR-C533 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys671 EDKPQDYkKRLSVEL 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "Upon UV-induced DNA damage, beta-catenin is recruited for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation by a unique, p53-induced SCF-like complex (SCF(TBL1)), comprised of Siah-1, Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1, transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). " SIGNOR-271947 lanreotide chemical CHEBI:135901 ChEBI SSTR5 protein P35346 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 26416534 t miannu "Lanreotide Autogel (known as lanreotide Depot in the USA) is a synthetic octapeptide analog of somatostatin with a longer half-life than the native molecule and with selectivity for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 2 and, to a lesser extent, SSTR 5" SIGNOR-259243 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000669 15889140 t Luana "We finally observed that the forced expression of Evi1 induced GATA-2 expression in a hematopoietic cell line, EML C1, along with GATA-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie2 " SIGNOR-266061 CyclinC/CDK19 complex SIGNOR-C544 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation -1 25344755 t lperfetto "Mapping of cyclin C-dependent phosphosites on ICN1, using mass spectrometry revealed that several of them are located within the PEST-domain of Notch1, which controls ICN1 degradation38,39 (Fig. 5g and Supplementary Table 1). Three of them (T2512, S2514 and S2517) are localized within the consensus motif, “Cdc4 phosphodegron”, which is shared by most substrates of Fbw7 (Cdc4) ubiquitin ligase38. Two of these residues (S2514 and S2517) were previously shown by Fryer et al.20 to be phosphorylated by cyclin C-CDK8 in vitro, and all three were shown to play a role in controlling ICN1 stability via Fbw740. We verified that cyclin C-CDK8, C-CDK19 and C-CDK3 phosphorylate ICN1 on these three residues" SIGNOR-273163 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22863277 t gcesareni "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2 thereby activating yap and taz transcription co-activators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-198556 pemetrexed chemical CHEBI:63616 ChEBI GART protein P22102 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205883 OBSCN protein Q5VST9 UNIPROT ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0003324 19840192 t miannu "Ankyrin-B is targeted to the M-line via its interaction with the C-terminal domain of the large sarcomeric protein obscurin. Obscurin is targeted to the M-line via its N-terminal interactions with myomesin and titin. This population of ankyrin-B recruits B56α, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, to the M-line where the phosphatase may regulate the phosphorylation status of contractile and signalling proteins." SIGNOR-266726 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser269 PCNKRKYsLNGRQPP 9606 12351631 t lperfetto "Here we show that overexpression of pka causes phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation of nf-atc1 in direct opposition to calcineurin by phosphorylating ser-245, ser-269, and ser-294 in the conserved serine-proline repeat domainwe further show that a complete block of nf-atc1 nuclear localization by pka requires a second kinase activity that can be supplied by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3)" SIGNOR-93535 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269295 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 EEVDLACtPTDVRDV 9606 24119401 t lperfetto "Dyrk1a controls the rate of cycd1 degradation by directly phosphorylating cycd1 at thr 286 and thereby regulates the fraction of cycling cells." SIGNOR-202838 G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT NADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58349 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24769394 t miannu "G6PD catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and concomitantly reduces NADP+ to NADPH, which is the rate-limiting and primary control step of the NADPH-generating portion in the PPP. Thus, G6PD acts as a guardian of cellular redox potential during oxidative stress" SIGNOR-268125 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity." SIGNOR-252898 Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22944199 t amattioni "When canonical wnts bind to their respective fzd receptors, heterotrimeric g-proteins and dsh get activated and lead to the recruitment of axin to the fzd co-receptor lrp." SIGNOR-253124 "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264134 "prostaglandin G2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:82629 ChEBI "prostaglandin H2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57405 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 7592599 t Luana "[14C]Arachidonate metabolism by oPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2 was examined in reactions with a series of GSP/Cox ratios (Fig. 3). The principal metabolite for both isoforms was the endoperoxide PGH2, with lesser amounts of PGF2a, PGE2, PGD2," SIGNOR-269777 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 20179209 t lperfetto "Pkcs phosphorylate bad under in vitro conditions, and the association of phosphorylated bad with pkc-mu or pkc-epsilon, as shown by immunoprecipitation, indicated direct involvement of pkcs in bad phosphorylation. To confirm these results, cells overexpressing pegfp-n1, wt-bad, or bad with a single site mutated (ser112ala;ser136ala;ser155ala), two sites mutated (ser(112/136)ala;ser(112/155)ala;ser(136/155)ala), or the triple mutant were tested. Igf-i protected completely against rapamycin-induced apoptosis in cells overexpressing wt-bad and mutants having either one or two sites of phosphorylation mutated" SIGNOR-163928 metaproterenol chemical CHEBI:6792 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 19168263 t Luana "Synthesis, pharmacological and in silico evaluation of 1-(4-di-hydroxy-3,5-dioxa-4-borabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-7,9,11-trien-9-yl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol, a compound designed to act as a β2 adrenoceptor agonist | After that, in vitro assays were carried out and the Kd value obtained for BR-AEA was compared with reported in vitro data for salbutamol and other well-known ligands." SIGNOR-257814 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr766 ALTSNQEyLDLSMPL 10116 19224897 t lperfetto "This second-stage autophosphorylation occurs on y583, in the kinase insert region (a noncatalytic sequence within the kinase domain), followed by autophosphorylation of y463 in the juxtamembrane region, y766 in the c-terminal tail, and y585 in the kinase insert region (1). The third-stage autophosphorylation takes place on the second tyrosine in the activation loop (y654), resulting in an additional 10-fold increase in the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of fgfr1." SIGNOR-236203 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT DBNL protein Q9UJU6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr344 PPEQETFyEQPPLVQ 9606 BTO:0000782 14557276 t lperfetto "We found an interaction between the tyrosine kinase zap-70 and hip-55, which was induced by tcr stimulation. Zap-70 phosphorylated hip-55 at tyr-334 and tyr-344, which were shown to be the tyrosine phosphorylation sites of hip-55 in stimulated t cells.Our results demonstrate for the first time that hip-55 is an important adaptor protein for the jnk kinase cascade in tcr signaling." SIGNOR-118695 DHCR7 protein Q9UBM7 UNIPROT cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol smallmolecule CHEBI:17759 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9634533 t miannu "In cholesterol biosynthesis, 7-DHC is converted to cholesterol by the enzyme sterol D7 -reductase. This NADPH-dependent enzyme catalyzes the reduction of the D7 -diene bond in 7-DHC, to form cholesterol." SIGNOR-267251 tofacitinib chemical CHEBI:71200 ChEBI JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258302 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1693 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself. Cellular kinase cdk9 phosphorylates serine-2 in the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rnap ii" SIGNOR-203532 MORF4L2 protein Q15014 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269300 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT NR2C2 protein P49116 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 11737269 t lperfetto "Smad6 interacts with tak1 and tab1, and smad7 with tab1" SIGNOR-112636 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1626 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248769 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257266 ALDH5A1 protein P51649 UNIPROT 4-oxobutanoate smallmolecule CHEBI:57706 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19300440 t miannu "Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) is involved in the final degradation step of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid by converting succinic semialdehyde to succinic acid in the mitochondrial matrix." SIGNOR-266616 LHFPL5 protein Q8TAF8 UNIPROT "Hair cells mechanotransduction channel" complex SIGNOR-C290 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "Here we show that TMHS is an auxiliary subunit of the hair cells mechanotransduction channel.|TMHS belongs to the tetraspan family. It binds to PCDH15, controls the assembly of the hair cells mechanotransduction machinery, regulates the properties of their mechanotransduction channels, and is required for adaptation." SIGNOR-262574 PSMA7 protein O14818 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263365 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr210 FTLGSPLtSPGGSPG 9606 BTO:0001131 9630228 t lperfetto "Dominant-negative cki alpha Induces nuclear import of nf-at4 these results demonstrated that the cki alpha Phosphorylation sites identified in vitro were also specifically phosphorylated by cki alpha In vivo, and that these residues were crucial for the masking of the nls of nf-at4." SIGNOR-109776 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257990 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17936701 t "We found that pVHL associates with the NF-kappaB agonist Card9 but does not target Card9 for destruction. Instead, pVHL serves as an adaptor that promotes the phosphorylation of the Card9 C terminus by CK2." SIGNOR-257603 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257996 STC2/HMOX1 complex SIGNOR-C244 SIGNOR heme smallmolecule CHEBI:30413 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 22503972 t lperfetto "Stanniocalcin 2, forms a complex with heme oxygenase 1, binds hemin and is a heat shock protein.|Taken together, our findings point to three novel functions of STC2, and suggest that STC2 interacts with HO1 to form a eukaryotic 'stressosome' involved in the degradation of heme." SIGNOR-260405 TFAP2C protein Q92754 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 31583686 f SimoneGraziosi "SOX17 regulates TFAP2C, PRDM1 and PRDM14, thereby maintaining latent pluripotency and suppressing somatic differentiation." SIGNOR-269262 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1456 FKLERERsYELVRSA 9606 BTO:0000815 31776402 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the histone demethylase KDM5B and regulation of the phenotype of triple negative breast cancer|Here, we demonstrate that KDM5B is phosphorylated at Ser1456 by the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Phosphorylation of KDM5B at Ser1456 attenuated the occupancy of KDM5B on the promoters of pluripotency genes." SIGNOR-273435 MAP4K5 protein Q9Y4K4 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9405407 f gcesareni "Here we report the identification of a tnf-responsive serine/threonine protein kinase termed gck related (gckr) that likely signals via mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) kinase kinase 1 (mekk1) to activate the sapk pathway." SIGNOR-53779 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 20404331 f lperfetto "Capacity of PGC-1alpha and PGC-1beta to inhibit FoxO3 and NFkappaB actions and proteolysis helps explain how exercise prevents muscle atrophy.overexpression of PGC-1_ inhibits muscle wasting induced by denervation, starvation, and even caFoxO3 expression" SIGNOR-217966 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT KRT18 protein P05783 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser53 ISVSRSTsFRGGMGS 9606 7523419 t flangone "Ser-52 in k18 is not glycosylated and matches consensus sequences for phosphorylation by cam kinase..these kinases can phosphorylate k18 in vitro predominantly at that site" SIGNOR-27398 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1178 IMSKHLDsPPAIPPR 9606 8816480 t gcesareni "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1" SIGNOR-43947 CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT CyclinA2/CDK18 complex SIGNOR-C547 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 33781185 t lperfetto "PCTAIRE kinases (PCTKs) are a CDK subfamily, characterized by serine to cysteine mutation in the consensus PSTAIRE motif, involved in binding to the cyclin. One member of this class is PCTK3, which has two isoforms (a and b) and is also known as CDK18. After being activated by cyclin A2 or phosphorylation at Ser12 by PKA, PCTK3 can perform several functions." SIGNOR-273437 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000594 26087183 t lperfetto "F-box protein FBXO22 mediates polyubiquitination and degradation of KLF4 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression" SIGNOR-273445 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr230 QPYDPNFyDETYDYG 9606 12052863 t lperfetto "We show that hnrnp k and the c-src kinase specifically interact with each other, leading to c-src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of hnrnp k in vivo and in vitro. c-src-mediated phosphorylation reversibly inhibits the binding of hnrnp k to the differentiation control element (dice) of the lox mrna 3' untranslated region in vitro and specifically derepresses the translation of dice-bearing mrnas in vivo.We confirmed that tyr 230, 234, 236, and 380 are phosphorylated and identified two additional targets of c-src, tyr 72 and tyr 225 (data not shown)." SIGNOR-88903 "DNA polymerase epsilon" complex SIGNOR-C377 SIGNOR DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 12930972 f lperfetto "Processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases delta and epsilon requires the cellular replication factor C (RF‐C) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)." SIGNOR-265514 pregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:16581 ChEBI 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:28750 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000048;BTO:0000050 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268648 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21419341 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "We show that erk colocalizes with the wrc at lamellipodial leading edges and directly phosphorylates two wrc components: wave2 and abi1." SIGNOR-270161 TTC5 protein Q8N0Z6 UNIPROT JMY protein Q8N9B5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 15448695 t miannu "DNA damage activates ATM kinase which then phosphorylates Strap at Ser 203 (red circles). Phosphorylated Strap is stabilized and undergoes nuclear accumulation where it assembles into a co-activator complex, which includes p300 and cofactors such as JMY" SIGNOR-262647 "Nucleosome_H3.1t variant" complex SIGNOR-C325 SIGNOR Transcritpional_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH205 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15623580 f lperfetto "All these studies indicate the possibility that disruption of nucleosomes can take place independently of replication and can be coupled with transcription.The exchange of core histones on mitotic chromatin at anaphase and telophase observed by FRAP may reflect the replacement of a subset of nucleosomes in genome regions that are transcriptionally reactivated in the earliest parts of the new cell cycle. This interpretation is consistent with evidence of chromatin remodeling and chromatin association with RNA pol II at the anaphase–telophase transition (Fig. 9; Prasanth et al., 2003). In situ incorporation of Br-U for 5 min at the same stage showed little labeling outside of NORs (Fig. 9), suggesting that the majority of transcription is yet to commence at this point. The replacement of core histones conceivably precedes transcription to allow the clearance of promoter regions for factors to engage." SIGNOR-273454 CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT BEST1 protein O76090 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 18849347 f miannu "Three OTX family proteins - OTX1, OTX2 and CRX - bound to both Sites 1 and 2 in vitro, and all of them increased BEST1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-253815 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser157 LYKKLRLsTDTVEHS 9606 16193064 t gcesareni "Here we show that protein kinase (pk) ck2 phosphorylates procaspase-2 directly at serine-157. When intracellular pkck2 activity is low or downregulated by specific inhibitors, procaspase-2 is dephosphorylated, dimerized, and activated in a piddosome-independent manner." SIGNOR-140836 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1323 ALAPRSVsLKDKGRF -1 11306676 t lperfetto "These results indicate that PKC can directly phosphorylate S1303 and S1323 in the NR2B C terminus, leading to enhanced currents through NMDA receptor channels." SIGNOR-249087 PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11888928 f miannu "Plagl1 has been shown to prevent the proliferation of tumor cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis" SIGNOR-256658 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT PGD protein P52209 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr481 GTVSSSSyNA 9606 30824700 t lperfetto "6PGD is phosphorylated at tyrosine (Y) 481 by Src family kinase Fyn. This phosphorylation enhances 6PGD activity by increasing its binding affinity to NADP+ and therefore activates the PPP for NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate, which consequently detoxifies intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accelerates DNA synthesis." SIGNOR-265758 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser241 RRIPYRYsDELNEII 9606 17197699 t gcesareni "Enzymatic activity, inhibited;" SIGNOR-151767 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 FIFMRRSsLLSRSSS 9606 16282323 t lperfetto "Recombinant Akt could directly phosphorylate a GST-Bim(EL) fusion protein and identified the Akt phosphorylation site in the Bim(EL) domain as Ser(87). Further, we demonstrated that cytokine stimulation promotes Bim(EL) binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Finally, we show that mutation of Ser(87) dramatically increases the apoptotic potency of Bim(EL)." SIGNOR-252487 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR -1 9543386 t miannu "P38 binds and phosphorylates Cdc25B at serines 309 and 361, and Cdc25C at serine 216; phosphorylation of these residues is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins." SIGNOR-250091 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10029 17510057 t lperfetto "In response to insulin and nutrients, mTORC1, consisting of mTOR, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR), and mLST8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4EBP) and p70 S6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-235748 IL2 protein P60568 UNIPROT IL2RA protein P01589 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16477002 t miannu "Il-2 is a cytokine that functions as a growth factor and central regulator in the immune system and mediates its effects through ligand-induced hetero-trimerization of the receptor subunits il-2r alpha, il-2r beta, and gamma(c)." SIGNOR-144537 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser218 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 9606 10359597 t lperfetto "Among other effectors, active ras binds and activates the raf kinase, iniziating a kinase cascade involving serine phosporylation of mek1/2 (mapkk) and tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of erk1/2 active raf phosphorylates mek phospholpeptide analysis demostrated that serine residues 218 and 222 of human mek1 are the primary sites for phosphorylation by c-raf." SIGNOR-235987 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr890 GQVERFEtVGMEAAT 9606 12361954 t fspada "This interaction, which does not seem to involve a classical phosphotyrosine sh2-mediated binding, however, significantly enhances the interaction of stat3 and the il-6 receptor subunit glycoprotein (gp) 130, which is the initial step for stat3 activation by il-6. Expression of a dominant negative pkcdelta or depletion of the endogenous pkcdelta by phorbol 12-myristate 3-acetate treatment abrogates the association of stat3 with gp130. At the same time, pkcdelta is recruited to gp130 via association with stat3, which may facilitate its phosphorylation on the gp130 receptor. Finally, we identified thr-890, a putative pkc phosphorylation site on gp130, to be critical for the effect of pkcdelta. Our data indicate that pkcdelta plays important regulatory roles in il-6 signaling." SIGNOR-94012 "Nucleosome_H3.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C324 SIGNOR Transcritpional_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH205 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15623580 f lperfetto "All these studies indicate the possibility that disruption of nucleosomes can take place independently of replication and can be coupled with transcription.The exchange of core histones on mitotic chromatin at anaphase and telophase observed by FRAP may reflect the replacement of a subset of nucleosomes in genome regions that are transcriptionally reactivated in the earliest parts of the new cell cycle. This interpretation is consistent with evidence of chromatin remodeling and chromatin association with RNA pol II at the anaphase–telophase transition (Fig. 9; Prasanth et al., 2003). In situ incorporation of Br-U for 5 min at the same stage showed little labeling outside of NORs (Fig. 9), suggesting that the majority of transcription is yet to commence at this point. The replacement of core histones conceivably precedes transcription to allow the clearance of promoter regions for factors to engage." SIGNOR-273458 SYN3 protein O14994 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 33809712 f miannu "Synapsins are a family of peripheral proteins that bind to the SV membrane. Synapsins Maintain the SV Reserve Pool. Synapsins serve as a key protein for maintaining SVs within this reserve pool, but the mechanism that allows synapsins to do this is unclear. This mechanism is likely to involve synapsins either cross-linking SVs, thereby anchoring SVs to each other, or creating a liquid phase that allows SVs to float within a synapsin droplet." SIGNOR-264107 TRAF1 protein Q13077 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8069916 t gcesareni "Traf1 and traf2 can form homo- and heterotypic dimers." SIGNOR-34768 imatinib chemical CHEBI:45783 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258120 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Erbb3 is characterized by a large number of binding sites for phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k), while erbb2 has only few interaction partners with shc as the most frequent one." SIGNOR-146855 CDH6 protein P55285 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265868 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RASA1 protein P20936 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11389730 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of p120-gap by p60c-src inhibited its ability to stimulate the ha-ras-gtpase activity" SIGNOR-86008 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr292 ETPPRPRtPGRPLSS 9606 8114697 t gcesareni "P34cdc2 catalyzes the in vitro phosphorylation of mkk1 on both of these threonine residues and inactivates mkk1 enzymatic activity. Both sites are phosphorylated in vivo as well" SIGNOR-36116 TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10903733 f miannu "Bcma overexpression induces nf-kb activation" SIGNOR-79510 RPS23 protein P62266 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262428 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19254573 f fspada "Sox9 directly binds to the promoter regions of c/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta to suppress their promoter activity, preventing adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-184280 Naltriben chemical CID:5486827 PUBCHEM OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258424 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SLAIN2 protein Q9P270 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272696 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser462 GSPHNPIsSVS 9606 9335504 t llicata "The c terminus of smad1, which is phosphorylated directly by the bmp type i receptor at the ssvs sequence in contrast to the bmp-stimulated phosphorylation of smad1, which affects carboxy-terminal serines and induces nuclear accumulation of smad1, erk-mediated phosphorylation specifically inhibits the nuclear accumulation of smad1." SIGNOR-52662 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268783 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM4A protein O75164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273465 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser32 LLDDRHDsGLDSMKD 9606 9346241 t lperfetto "We described the purification of a 900 kda protein kinase complex, the ikb kinase (ikk), that phosphorylates ikbalfa and ikbbeta at the sites that mediate their ubiquitination and degradation" SIGNOR-216385 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273472 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM5D protein Q9BY66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273473 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273474 NCS1 protein P62166 UNIPROT PI4KB protein Q9UBF8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10116 21104311 f miannu "In chromaffin and PC12 cells, NCS-1 can enhance secretion via its activation of PI4 kinaseIIIb with the subsequent increase in PIP2 levels. PIP2 has been shown to be an important requirement for exocytosis" SIGNOR-263963 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser887 HSQPAPGsVKAPAKT 10090 BTO:0005065 11278470 t lperfetto ". Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that PKC promoted phosphorylation of PLC beta1 at serine 887 in the nucleus of IGF-I-treated cells. Overexpression of either a PLC beta1 mutant in which the PKC phosphorylation site Ser(887) was replaced by alanine, or a dominant-negative PKC alpha, resulted in a sustained activation of nuclear PLC following IGF-I stimulation." SIGNOR-249081 PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001939 23836662 f miannu "We further demonstrated that PER2 served as a transcriptional corepressor, which recruited polycomb proteins EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as HDAC2 to octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) (POU2F1) binding sites of the TWIST1 and SLUG promoters to repress expression of these EMT genes." SIGNOR-254153 anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one chemical CHEBI:90695 ChEBI MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11717429 t gcesareni "We report the identification of an anthrapyrazolone series with significant jnk1, -2, and -3 (k(i) = 0.19 microm). To determine whether jnk activity is required for stress-induced translocation of bax to the mitochondria, we examined the effect of sp600125, a jnk inhibitor." SIGNOR-111980 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT DUT protein P33316-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser11 SEETPAIsPSKRARP -1 8631817 t miannu "DUTPase Is Phosphorylated at a Consensus Cyclin-dependent Protein Kinase Site: in Vitro Phosphorylation of Ser-11 by p34cdc2. It is conceivable that the exclusive phosphorylation of DUT-N may play a role in nuclear targeting of this protein. Taken a step further, Ser-11 may confer the ability of DUT-N to localize in specific regions of the nucleus where the dUTPase function is required. The Ser-11 Ala mutant should aid in the testing of these hypotheses." SIGNOR-262693 RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT POLH protein Q9Y253 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys694 SPLACTNkRPRPEGM 9606 21791603 t miannu "Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase monoubiquitinates DNA polymerase eta to suppress translesion DNA synthesis. Specifically, we show that Pirh2, a target of the p53 tumor suppressor, monoubiquitinates PolH at one of multiple lysine residues.we show that monoubiquitination of PolH alters the ability of PolH to translocate to replication foci for translesion DNA synthesis of UV-induced DNA lesions.These results suggest that Pirh2 monoubiquitinates PolH at one of the four lysine residues (K682, K686, K694, and K709)." SIGNOR-272732 MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000142 20493079 t Luana "The selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and (−)-deprenyl were used to study the distribution of monoamine oxidase-A and -B (MAO-A, MAO-B) activities towards (−)-noradrenaline and (+),(−)-adrenaline in homogenates from seven different regions of human brain. Noradreanline and adrenaline were substrates for both forms of the enzyme in all regions studied." SIGNOR-269745 COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT DDR1 protein Q08345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001282 17318226 t lperfetto "The Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs) constitute a unique set of receptor tyrosine kinases that signal in response to collagen.|Consistent with this view128, we showed that ectopic expression of DDR1b or DDR2 in HT1080 cells elicited a potent growth inhibitory effect only when the cells were cultured on 2D or 3D COL1 matrices, in agreement with previous studies in melanoma48, breast cancer76,78, and lung cancer cells74,75. " SIGNOR-272340 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser262 TFRPRSSsNASSVST 10090 BTO:0004245 10217147 t "Here we show that protein kinase B phosphorylates AFX, a human orthologue of daf -16 (refs 5, 6, 9), both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-252569 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr56 FSSQPGHtPHPAASR 9606 10669763 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the map kinase sites in bcl-2, thr56, thr74, and ser87, is sufficient to inhibit tnf--induced degradation. p44mapk/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) and p42 mapk/erk2 are activated by il-3, colocalize with mitochondrial bcl2, and can directly phosphorylate bcl2 on ser-70 in a stauro-resistant manner both_ in vitro_ and_ in vivo." SIGNOR-74923 canertinib chemical CHEBI:61399 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258196 RAB1A protein P62820 UNIPROT GOLGA2 protein Q08379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10116 11285137 t Giulio "Here, we demonstrate that the cis ‐Golgi tethering protein GM130, complexed with GRASP65 and other proteins, forms a novel Rab1 effector complex that interacts with activated Rab1‐GTP in a p115‐independent manner and is required for coat protein II vesicle targeting/fusion with the cis ‐Golgi" SIGNOR-261285 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1668 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248808 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr380 TDSEEQPyLEMDLSS 9606 16619028 t lperfetto "Src kinase phosphorylates caspase-8 on tyr380: a novel mechanism of apoptosis suppressionwe identified caspase-8 as a new substrate for src kinase. Phosphorylation occurs on tyr380, situated in the linker region between the large and the small subunits of human procaspase-8, and results in downregulation of caspase-8 proapoptotic function" SIGNOR-146127 PCSK2 protein P16519 UNIPROT Corticotropin protein P01189-PRO_0000024969 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 24631756 t lperfetto "POMC is post-translationally cleaved by prohormone convertase enzymes 1 and 2 (PC1, PC2) into ACTH, an N-terminal glycopeptide" SIGNOR-268725 DTX3L protein Q8TDB6 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys92 MDVVYALkRQGRTLY 9606 BTO:0000007 19818714 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate that BBAP selectively monoubiquitylates histone H4 lysine 91 and protects cells exposed to DNA-damaging agents. Disruption of BBAP-mediated monoubiquitylation of histone H4K91 is associated with the loss of chromatin-associated H4K20 methylase, mono- and dimethyl H4K20, and a delay in the kinetics of 53BP1 foci formation at sites of DNA damage.  In response to DNA damage, BBAP expression increases and the E3 ligase selectively monoubiquitylates H4K91. Disruption of BBAP-mediated monoubiquitylation of H4K91 is associated with loss of chromatin-associated PR-Set7/Set8 and mono- and dimethyl H4K20, delayed kinetics of 53BP1 foci formation and increased sensitivity to DNA damage." SIGNOR-271897 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD1/5/8 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF35 SIGNOR down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-269845 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT RBFOX3 protein A6NFN3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268912 3-methoxytyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:1582 ChEBI 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:27978 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-264178 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24553933 f miannu "Nfibbinds to the ezh2 promoter and overexpression ofnfibrepresses ezh2 transcription." SIGNOR-204643 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT IL1RAP protein Q9NPH3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10854325 t lperfetto "Binding of IL-1 to its receptor results in rapid assembly of a membrane-proximal signalling complex that consists of two different receptor chains (IL-1Rs), IL-1RI and IL-1RAcP, the adaptor protein MyD88, the serine/threonine kinase IRAK and a new protein, which we have named Tollip. Here we show that, before IL-1β treatment, Tollip is present in a complex with IRAK, and that recruitment of Tollip–IRAK complexes to the activated receptor complex occurs through association of Tollip with IL-1RAcP. Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (and IL-1Rs)" SIGNOR-251981 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 AGTSFMMtPYVVTRY 9606 9312068 t gcesareni "Jnk is activated by jnk-activating kinase 1 (jnkk1), a dual specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates jnk on threonine 183 and tyrosine 185 residues." SIGNOR-51199 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser441 GHSPLSLsAQSVMEE 9606 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204736 clotrimazole chemical CHEBI:3764 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 9770465 t miannu "In addition to rifampicin, other known inducers of human CYP3A4 expression, including nifedipine and clotrimazole, also activated hPAR." SIGNOR-259065 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NOX5 protein Q96PH1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser536 GRGSKRLsRSVTMRK 9606 24505490 t llicata "A constitutively active form of pkc? Robustly increased basal and pma-stimulated nox5 activity and promoted the phosphorylation of nox5 on ser490, thr494, and ser498." SIGNOR-204546 Oxatomide chemical CHEBI:31943 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257791 IQSEC2 protein Q5JU85 UNIPROT GRIA3 protein P42263 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 27009485 t miannu "BRAG1 increases the synaptic recycling pool of AMPARs.these data suggest that the BRAG1 enhancement of AMPAR transmission is mediated by the increased expression of the recycling pool of synaptic GluA2/3 receptors." SIGNOR-264914 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CACNA1B protein Q00975 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser446 ADLCAVGsPFARASL 9534 16406008 t miannu "Thus, Ser-447 on Ca(v)2.2 and Ser-161 and Ser-348 of Ca(v)beta1b appear to be both necessary and sufficient for ERK-dependent modulation of these channels. Together, our data strongly suggest that modulation of neuronal N-type VDCCs by ERK involves phosphorylation of Ca(v)2.2alpha1 and to a lesser extent possibly also Ca(v)beta subunits. On the basis of the evidence presented here, it is therefore suggested that ERK-dependent up-regulation of Cav2.2 channels is primarily mediated by phosphorylation of Ser-447 on the I–II loop of Cav2.2 and possibly also the two SP sites conserved on Cavβs." SIGNOR-262967 FBLN5 protein Q9UBX5 UNIPROT ELN protein P15502 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18267938 t miannu "The binding of tropoelastin fragments to fibulin-5 was directly proportional to their propensity to coacervate. Furthermore, the addition of fibulin-5 to tropoelastin facilitated coacervation. Taken together, the present study shows that fibulin-5 enhances elastic fiber formation in part by improving the self-association properties of tropoelastin." SIGNOR-252137 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT VPS39 protein Q96JC1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 12941698 t miannu "TLP interacts with TGF-β and activin receptors in vivo. Endogenous TLP associates with both active and kinase-deficient TGF-beta and activin type II receptors, but interacts with the common-mediator Smad4 only in the presence of TGF-beta/activin signaling." SIGNOR-261375 NAA25 protein Q14CX7 UNIPROT NatB complex SIGNOR-C416 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18570629 t miannu "In the present study we present the components of hNatB (human NatB complex). It consists of the Nat3p homologue hNAT3 (human N-acetyltransferase 3) and the Mdm20p homologue hMDM20 (human mitochondrial distribution and morphology 20). They form a stable complex and in vitro display sequence-specific N(alpha)-acetyltransferase activity on a peptide with the N-terminus Met-Asp-." SIGNOR-267231 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000938 24431436 t miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-204357 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SRPK2 protein P78362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr492 PSHDRSRtVSASSTG 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 19592491 t lperfetto "Here we show that srpk2, a protein kinase specific for the serine/arginine (sr) family of splicing factors, triggers cell cycle progression in neurons and induces apoptosis through regulation of nuclear cyclin d1. Akt phosphorylates srpk2 on thr-492 and promotes its nuclear translocation leading to cyclin d1 up-regulation, cell cycle reentry, and neuronal apoptosis." SIGNOR-186760 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT CTNNA1 protein P35221 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr148 LADMADVyKLLVQLK 9606 16767162 t gcesareni "Tyr148 of beta-catenin is an shp2 target dephosphorylation site. Together, these results suggest that beta-catenin plays a suppressor role in cell transformation and that shp2, by dephosphorylating beta-catenin, promotes mitogenic, cell survival and transformation signals." SIGNOR-147075 "1-[2-[bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]ethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:93185 ChEBI SLC6A1 protein P30531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 7851497 t miannu "Recently, a number of lipophilic GABA transport inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, which are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier, and which display anticonvulsive activity. We have now determined the potency of four of these compounds, SK&F 89976-A (N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid), tiagabine ((R)-1-[4,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-3-butenyl]-3- piperidencarboxylic acid), CI-966 ([1-[2-[bis 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]ethyl]-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid), and NNC-711 (1-(2-(((diphenylmethylene)amino)oxy)ethyl)-1,2,4,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride), at each of the four cloned GABA transporters, and find them to be highly selective for GAT-1." SIGNOR-258480 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser556 GLGCRLHsAPNLSDL 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21205641 t gcesareni "In a screen for conserved substrates of ampk, we identified ulk1 and ulk2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase atg1, which is required for autophagy." SIGNOR-170863 GYPA protein P02724 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266018 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21799911 t "By RNAi screening, we identified the RNF146 RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling that operates with tankyrase to maintain low steady-state levels of Axin proteins." SIGNOR-259997 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT URI1 protein O94763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser372 AKRKRKNsTGSGHSA 9606 BTO:0000567 17936702 t miannu "Here we report that the prefoldin chaperone URI represents a mitochondrial substrate of S6K1. In growth factor-deprived or rapamycin-treated cells, URI forms stable complexes with protein phosphatase (PP)1gamma at mitochondria, thereby inhibiting the activity of the bound enzyme. Growth factor stimulation induces disassembly of URI/PP1gamma complexes through S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of URI at serine 371." SIGNOR-262943 retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS9" SIGNOR-265115 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr202 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 9677429 t "MAPK3/ERK1 is a MAPK which plays an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade." lperfetto "The mek1 proline-rich insert is required for efficient activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases erk1 and erk2 in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-244802 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr226 KRNKPTVyGVSPNYD 9606 11847100 t lperfetto "c-Src-induced c-Abl activation involves phosphorylation of Y245 and Y412, two residues required for c-Abl mitogenic function." SIGNOR-246307 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-266322 ziprasidone chemical CHEBI:10119 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9760039 t miannu "Several compounds proposed as ‘atypical’ antipsychoticagents were found to exhibit agonist activity at 5-HT1A EC values were greater than the respective Kvalues50i .21.8""5.8-fold difference,ns10 and a high degree of correlation was observed. All the compounds displayed high or marked bind-ing affinity at CHO-h5-HT1A receptors except for olanzapine, which exhibited a micromolar Kvalue at h5-HTi1A receptors (table3)." SIGNOR-258833 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr43 KVTTVVAtPGQGPDR 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000680 16039586 t lperfetto "Erk, which is activated by hbx, associates with gsk-3beta through a docking motif ((291)fkfp) of gsk-3beta and phosphorylates gsk-3beta at the (43)thr residue, which primes gsk-3beta for its subsequent phosphorylation at ser9 by p90rsk, resulting in inactivation of gsk-3beta and upregulation of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-138898 "DNA polymerase delta" complex SIGNOR-C376 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 24035200 f lperfetto "Analysis of the subcellular localization of Pol subunits in response to UV indicates that Pol delta3 is present at sites of DNA damage long before repair is complete, so that Pol delta3 is the form of Pol activity that is likely involved in gap filling reactions during DNA repair" SIGNOR-265721 ETV2 protein O00321 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24727028 f miannu "We have identified a novel positive feed-forward regulatory loop in which etv2 activates expression of genes involved in vasculogenesis, including fli1." SIGNOR-203272 BAG5 protein Q9UL15 UNIPROT HSPA1B protein P0DMV9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 15603737 t Monia "Here, we show that BAG5, a BAG domain-containing family member, interacts with both Hsp70 and parkin with deleterious functional consequences. Through these interactions, BAG5 inhibits Hsp70 chaperone activity and parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity; Thus, BAG5 interacts with Hsp70 in vitro and in vivo, and substitution of select residues within the BAG domains is sufficient to abolish this interaction." SIGNOR-261197 "AMG 900" chemical CID:24856041 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189492 "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269022 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT NLRC4 protein Q9NPP4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15580302 f miannu "Here we show that Ipaf, a human CED-4 homologue and an activator of caspase-1, is induced by p53. Overexpression of p53 by transfection in U2OS and A549 cells increased Ipaf mRNA levels." SIGNOR-255439 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20978344 f "Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) was identified as a key molecule inducing D2 expression and thereby increasing intracellular T3 production. Accordingly, FoxO3-depleted primary myoblasts also had a differentiation deficit that could be rescued by high levels of T3." SIGNOR-256204 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18596912 t lbriganti "The genomic activity of ppargamma is modulated, in addition to ligand binding, by phosphorylation of a serine residue by mapks, such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (erk-1/2), or by nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization through the erk activators mapk kinases-1/2 (mek-1/2). These mapks phosphorylate (in humans) ser 84 in the ppargamma1 and ser 114 in ppargamma2 isoform" SIGNOR-210182 KCNJ10 protein P78508 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 24561201 t miannu "KCNJ10 encodes Kir4.1, a member of the K+ channel family known as inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels. Kir4.1 channels may comprise either Kir4.1 homomers or Kir4.1/Kir5.1 heteromers" SIGNOR-269446 RLF protein Q13129 UNIPROT RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10545207 t miannu "Rit and Rin were found to interact with the known Ras binding proteins RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6/Canoe. These interactions were GTP and effector domain dependent and suggest that RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6 are Rit and Rin effectors." SIGNOR-220920 RBCK1 protein Q9BYM8 UNIPROT LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17006537 t miannu "Here, we report that a protein complex consisting of two RING finger proteins, HOIL-1L and HOIP, exhibits ubiquitin polymerization activity by recognizing ubiquitin moieties of proteins. The polyubiquitin chain generated by the complex is not formed by Lys linkages, but by linkages between the C- and N-termini of ubiquitin, indicating that the ligase complex possesses a unique feature to assemble a novel head-to-tail linear polyubiquitin chain." SIGNOR-271615 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 21502402 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 68 of twist1 by mapks stabilizes twist1 protein and promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness. this ser 68 is phosphorylated by p38, c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnk), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 in vitro" SIGNOR-270122 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT SIPA1L1 protein O43166 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 12036950 t miannu " the purified E6AP enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of E6TP1 in the presence of E6 in vitro. Additionally, the expression of a dominant-negative E6AP mutant (C833A) in cells inhibited the E6-induced degradation of E6TP1. These findings demonstrate that the E6-induced decrease in the levels of E6TP1 protein involves the E6AP-mediated ubiquitination followed by proteasome-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-272608 TUBA8 protein Q9NY65 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 f miannu "We show here that Elongator regulates corticogenesis because an acute disruption of its activity in dorsal progenitors results in radial migration delays and defective terminal branching of projection neurons that come with a reduction in α-tubulin acetylation. Importantly, this complex interacts with the microtubule cytoskeleton, where Elp3 may directly acetylate α-tubulin, a posttranslational modification known to regulate the intracellular trafficking that is critical for cell shape remodeling during migration and terminal branching." SIGNOR-269729 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 9606 BTO:0000887 11114197 t gcesareni "Camk phosphorylates serines -259 and -498 in hdac5, which subsequently serve as docking sites for 14-3-3. Our studies suggest that 14-3-3 binding to hdac5 is required for camk-dependent disruption of mef2hdac complexes and nuclear export of hdac5, and implicate 14-3-3 as a signal-dependent regulator of muscle cell differentiation." SIGNOR-85022 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10212258 t gcesareni "C-abl phosphorylates rad51 in vitro and in vivo. In assays using purified components, phosphorylation of rad51 by c-abl enhances complex formation between rad51 and rad52, which cooperates with rad51 in recombination and repair" SIGNOR-67069 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser849 FCLIPQQsINEAIRT 12609872 t llicata "Direct phosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit of postsynaptic AMPA receptors by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII) is believed to be one of the major contributors to the enhanced strength of glutamatergic synapses in CA1 area of hippocampus during long-term potentiation. | Validity of the approach was confirmed by modeling, and silence analysis was applied then to the GluR1 AMPA receptor mutated at S831, the site phosphorylated by CaM-KII during long-term potentiation. Silence analysis indicates that a negative charge at S831 is a critical determinant for the enhanced channel function as a charge carrier. Silence and variance analyses, when applied to the same sets of data, were in agreement on the receptor regulation upon mutations." SIGNOR-250698 "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C322 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24311584 f miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression." SIGNOR-263713 GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15632071 f fspada "Constitutive expression of both gata-2 and gata-3 suppressed adipocyte differentiation, partially through direct binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) promoter and suppression of its basal activity" SIGNOR-210025 CPSF4 protein O95639 UNIPROT "CPSF complex" complex SIGNOR-C53 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19224921 t lperfetto "The CPSF complex consists of five subunits, named CPSF160, CPSF100, Fip1, CPSF73, and CPSF30." SIGNOR-268334 NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 21317932 t gcesareni "Here we showed that in the presence of wild-type lkb1, nuak1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates p53 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-172008 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr951 RFRQGKDyVGAIPVD 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 17658244 t gcesareni "Binding of vegf to the receptor induces dimerisation and autophosphorylation of specific intracellular tyrosine residues. Activation of intracellular cascades results in proliferation, migration, survival and increased permeability." SIGNOR-157097 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr201 DIPEKPKtPQQLWYT 9606 11741541 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 was found to phosphorylate the architectural transcription factor ubf at amino acids 117 and 201 within hmg boxes 1 and 2, preventing their interaction with dna" SIGNOR-112809 TBR1 protein Q16650 UNIPROT AUTS2 protein Q8WXX7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 20615956 t miannu "Tbr1 implements frontal identity in part by direct promoter binding and activation of Auts2, a frontal cortex gene implicated in autism." SIGNOR-266836 DDC protein P20711 UNIPROT tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Under specific conditions, dopamine can also be synthesized by a minor pathway, in which L-tyrosine is converted into p-tyramine (mediated by AADC), with subsequent hydroxylation to dopamine by the enzyme CYP2D6 (Cytochrome P450 2D6) which is found in the substantia nigra of human brain¬¨‚Ć" SIGNOR-263993 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C6 22298955 t gcesareni "Ski and snon also prevent smads from binding to the transcriptional coactivator p300/cbp" SIGNOR-195582 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser81 AAGSGAAsPSAAEKG -1 8034575 t lperfetto "Of the 7 phosphorylated serine residues identified by Edman degradation, only 1 was within the known phosphorylation domain by protein kinase C. All the other phosphorylated serine residues originated from the N-terminal half of the molecule and were immediately followed by proline. | The other phosphorylated peptides were subjected to the same analysis, and Ser45 (peptide K5), Sel-80(peptide K7), and Ser99 (peptide K8) were confirmed to be the phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-248910 RPL15 protein P61313 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262483 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 20852628 t gcesareni "The F-box protein Skp2 mediates c-Myc ubiquitylation by binding to the MB2 domain" SIGNOR-243551 STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 17579211 t lperfetto "StAR transfers cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membranes, where the enzyme complex of cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) converts it to the first steroid, pregnenolone" SIGNOR-265727 FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT AHSG protein P02765 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 16595698 f lperfetto "CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta and hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta are necessary and sufficient to mediate dexamethasone-induced up-regulation of alpha2HS-glycoprotein/fetuin-A gene expression." SIGNOR-271676 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SLC9A3 protein P48764 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 16464174 f "Co-transfection of Sp1 or Sp3 into SL2 cells activated the NHE3-reporter constructs, suggesting that Sp1 and Sp3 act as positive regulators of the NHE3 expression. In addition, overexpression of EGR-1 was sufficient to transactivate the NHE3-reporter gene activity" SIGNOR-254270 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20492721 t FFerrentino "Hypophosphorylation of β-catenin and translocation into the nucleus leads to binding with members of the lymphoid-enhancer-binding factor/T-cell-specific transcription factor (LEF/TCF) family and activation of WNT target genesAs a member of LEF/TCF family, transcription factor 7 like 2 (Tcf7l2, formerly called Tcf4) is an important transcription factor triggering the downstream responsive genes of WNT signaling" SIGNOR-85757 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265440 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CLASP2 protein O75122 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser537 REASRESsRDTSPVR 9534 BTO:0004055 19638411 t lperfetto "GSK-3beta directly phosphorylates CLASP2 at Ser533 and Ser537 within the region responsible for the IQGAP1 binding. Phosphorylation of CLASP2 results in the dissociation of CLASP2 from IQGAP1, EB1 and microtubules.| CLASPs were originally identified as CLIP-170-interacting proteins and later found to be required for microtubule stabilisation at the cortical regions of epithelial cells" SIGNOR-264826 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser251 GKLGGQDsFESIESY 9606 BTO:0000782 12475968 t lperfetto "Treatment of ets1 by t-cell nuclear extract or phosphorylation of these four serines by calmodulin-dependent kinase ii (camk ii) has recently been reported to decrease ets1 dna binding by reinforcing autoinhibition" SIGNOR-96330 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1059 DIYKDPDyVRKGDAR 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 17658244 t gcesareni "Binding of vegf to the receptor induces dimerisation and autophosphorylation of specific intracellular tyrosine residues. Activation of intracellular cascades results in proliferation, migration, survival and increased permeability." SIGNOR-157085 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26910834 f miannu "RUNX1high was positively associated with miR-155, miR-125a, miR-99b, miR-133a, miR-130a, miR-25 and miR-92a-1. MiR-155 was previously found to function as an oncogene in CN-AML" SIGNOR-255800 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT GATA6 protein Q92908 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253160 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser100 QPQDKVIsGIAREKL 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262713 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2054 MPKKKKPsRLKGDNE 9606 11050185 t miannu "Changing a serine residue (Ser(2054)) to aspartic acid mutated the potential protein kinase A site adjacent to NLS2(APC), resulting in both inhibition of the NLS2(APC)-mediated nuclear import of a chimeric beta-galactosidase fusion protein and a reduction of full-length APC nuclear localization." SIGNOR-250335 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TBC1D4 protein O60343 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr642 QFRRRAHtFSHPPSS 9606 16880201 t llicata "14-3-3 proteins interact with as160 in an insulin- and akt-dependent manner via an akt phosphorylation site, thr-642." SIGNOR-252494 hsa-mir-223 mirna URS000037EC34_9606 RNAcentral CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 24332853 t miannu "PRMT4 is downregulated by miR-223 during normal myeloid differentiation" SIGNOR-261970 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161658 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 31539109 f miannu "GGCX can regulate osteoporosis via promoting the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway, facilitating BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and inhibiting BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. The transfection of pcDNA-GGCX plasmid significantly promoted BMSC cell proliferation, increased calcified nodule formation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation, enhanced ALP activity, elevated RUNX2, and OPN mRNA expressions, and upregulated TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad7 expressions (p < 0.05)." SIGNOR-261233 EPRS1 protein P07814 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270356 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 18697834 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Wnt1, Wnt3a and Wnt5a all induced a statistically greater degree of proliferation than control cells" SIGNOR-255651 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR -1 15738054 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that protein kinase D (PKD; also known as PKCmi), which is activated upon engagement of the TCR, stimulates HDAC7 nuclear export by direct phosphorylation on four serine residues. Conversely, selective PKD inhibition blocks TCR-induced HDAC7 nuclear export and Nur77 expression. In addition, an HDAC7 mutant specifically deficient in phosphorylation by PKD blocks TCR-mediated apoptosis. | PKD1 phosphorylates S155, S181, S321, and S449 of HDAC7 in vitro." SIGNOR-249275 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR CUL4A protein Q13619 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243160 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT CRX protein O43186 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15781457 t miannu "Zinc finger DNA-binding domains of both Sp1 and Sp3 interact with Crx. Sp4 and Sp1 produce much higher levels of transcriptional activation when co-transfected with Crx, they may additionally act by directly increasing the rate of transcriptional initiation by the general transcriptional apparatus through their activation domains." SIGNOR-225336 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser7 sSAEGAAK 10090 BTO:0000452 12773393 t lperfetto "The results presented here show that MSK2 and, to a lesser extent, MSK1 are the major protein kinases required for the phosphorylation of histone H3 at both Ser10 and Ser28 and HMG-14 at Ser6 after stimulation of primary embryonic fibroblasts by TPA or anisomycin." SIGNOR-249216 (2S)-3-(4-acetamidophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanamide chemical CHEBI:94760 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189623 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT Granulocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH102 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 19706798 f "Conditional cebpa deficiency in adult mice blocks the transition from common myeloid progenitors (CMP) to granulocyte monocyte progenitors (GMP) resulting in the accumulation of myeloid blasts" SIGNOR-259966 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of yap ser127 and of the corresponding sites in yki and taz generates a protein-binding motif for the 14-3-3 family proteins, which, upon binding by a 14-3-3 protein, leads to their cytoplasmic retention. One protein that associates with 14-3-3 in an akt-dependent manner is shown here to be the yes-associated protein (yap), which is phosphorylated by akt at serine 127, leading to binding to 14-3-3. Akt promotes yap localization to the cytoplasm, resulting in loss from the nucleus where it functions as a coactivator of transcription factors including p73." SIGNOR-169719 "2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropyl]amino]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:91634 ChEBI OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258806 ARHGAP1 protein Q07960 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260459 G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24769394 t miannu "G6PD catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and concomitantly reduces NADP+ to NADPH, which is the rate-limiting and primary control step of the NADPH-generating portion in the PPP. Thus, G6PD acts as a guardian of cellular redox potential during oxidative stress" SIGNOR-267050 PPP1R9B protein Q96SB3 UNIPROT PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10194355 t miannu "In the present study, the interaction between PP1 and spinophilin, a neuronal protein that targets PP1 to dendritic spines, has been characterized. . These studies support the notion that spinophilin functions in vivo as a neuronal PP1 targeting subunit by directing the enzyme to postsynaptic densities and regulating its activity toward physiological substrates." SIGNOR-269178 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16602827 t areggio "We show that in addition to its inhibitory function, Wnt5a can also activate beta-catenin signaling in the presence of the appropriate Frizzled receptor, Frizzled 4." SIGNOR-258954 HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257049 UNII-XH2662798I chemical CID:16156006 PUBCHEM "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 20068082 f gcesareni "Pf-00477736 also significantly enhances docetaxel efficacy in vitro and in vivo, in association with decreased cdc25c cytoplasmic phosphorylation (ser216) and histone h3 phosphorylation (ser10)(42)." SIGNOR-265352 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC34 protein P49427 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser203 APAPDEGsDLFYDDY 9606 BTO:0000567 11546811 t lperfetto "The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, cdc34, has been implicated in the ubiquitination of a number of vertebrate substrates, including p27(kip1), ikappabalpha, wee1, and myod. We show that mammalian cdc34 is a phosphoprotein that is phosphorylated in proliferating cells. Phosphorylation of cdc34 by the associated kinase maps predominantly to residues 203 and 222. Mutation of cdc34 at ck2-targeted residues, ser-203, ser-222, ser-231, thr-233, and ser-236, abolishes the phosphorylation of cdc34 observed in vivo and markedly shifts nuclearly localized cdc34 to the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-110383 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr331 LTEDSTQtSDTATNS -1 7836371 t gcesareni "Kinetic studies demonstrated that GRK2 has a Km for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the FPR of approximately 1.5 microM and that denaturation of the substrate results in an almost complete loss of phosphorylation [€] simultaneous substitution of the upstream Ser328, Thr329, Thr331, and Ser332 or merely the Ser328 and Thr329 residues resulted in an approximately 80% reduction in phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249676 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr356 PLEEERQtQRSKPQP 9606 BTO:0000130 17217339 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the cytosolic factor p47phox is essential for activation of the nadph oxidase.We found that thr133, ser288 and thr356, targets for irak-4 phosphorylation in vitro, are also phosphorylated in endogenous p47phox after lps stimulation. We conclude that irak-4 phosphorylates p47phox and regulates nadph oxidase activation after lps stimulation." SIGNOR-152027 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 12478285 t "We report the crystal structure of the antagonist Noggin bound to BMP-7, which shows that Noggin inhibits BMP signalling by blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type I and type II receptors." SIGNOR-256484 NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT PCDH19 protein Q8TAB3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000142 34215582 t miannu "We demonstrated that high expression of COUP-TFI induces MEC cell fate and protocadherin 19 expression. We next demonstrated that COUP-TFI is able to directly bind to a conserved Sp1/COUP-TFI binding site in the Pcdh19 promoter region by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) (Fig. 6, E and F)." SIGNOR-267223 CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257224 TRIM13 protein O60858 UNIPROT TRIM13 protein O60858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 31744379 t miannu " In this study, we showed that the N-degron pathway mediates ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent reticulophagy. During this 2-step process, the ER transmembrane E3 ligase TRIM13 undergoes auto-ubiquitination via lysine 63 (K63) linkage chains and acts as a ligand for the autophagic receptor SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1). " SIGNOR-272219 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser564 LEEESPVsQLFELEI 9606 23405218 t gcesareni "The main phosphorylation site of daxx is identified to be ser564, which is a direct target of atm. Phosphorylation of endogenous daxx at ser564 occurs rapidly during the dna damage response and precedes p53 activation. Blockage of this phosphorylation event prevents the separation of daxx from mdm2, stabilizes mdm2, and inhibits dna damage-induced p53 activation." SIGNOR-200889 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser341 GTMSRPAsVDGSPVS -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251294 ZFAT protein Q4KMQ4 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 10090 24663380 f francesca "Ano6 deficiency significantly reduces ERK/AKT phosphorylation. In addition, Ano6-KD also affected levels of phosphorylated and total AKT levels." SIGNOR-261215 Guanabenz chemical CHEBI:5553 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258910 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser10 LNRTLSMsSLPGLED -1 2117608 t llicata "With all four peptides, prior phosphorylation significantly stimulated phosphorylation by casein kinase I. From these results, we propose that there are substrates for casein kinase I for which prior phosphorylation is a critical determinant of protein kinase action. | From analysis of 32P release during Edman degradation, no radioactively labeled phosphate was associated with Thr3 or Ser7, but could be accounted for by phosphorylation at Ser10" SIGNOR-250878 "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg756 KGQAGLQrALEILQE -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263436 DDC protein P20711 UNIPROT serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 7955 23940784 t brain lperfetto "AADC is responsible for the decarboxylation step in the catecholamine and dopamine biosynthesis. Dopamine and serotonin can be synthesized by AADC from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan, respectively [7]. A deficiency in AADC will lead to reduced biogenic monoamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin" SIGNOR-263987 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT CORO1C protein Q9ULV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254838 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131634 MK-2461 chemical CID:44137946 PUBCHEM PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194390 FOXE1 protein O00358 UNIPROT MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21177256 f miannu "The MSX1 and TGF-β3 up-regulation in response to FOXE1 at both transcriptional and translational levels and the recruitment of FOXE1 to specific binding motifs, together with the transactivation of the promoters of these genes, indicate that MSX1 and TGF-β3 are direct FOXE1 targets." SIGNOR-254173 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19008118 t FFerrentino "In mesenchymal precursor cells, Wnt10b (and Wnt10a) binding to frizzled (FZD1)" SIGNOR-253511 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000725 21389315 f irozzo "Consequently, cell cycle and apoptosis analyses suggest that MLL-AF4 conveys a selective proliferation coupled to a survival advantage, which correlates with changes in the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, sensing DNA damage and DNA repair." SIGNOR-255873 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu69 CSYEEAReVFEDSDK -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263672 F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257360 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PTHLH protein P12272 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr121 YKEQPLKtPGKKKKG 9606 10373465 t llicata "Phosphorylation at the cyclin-dependent kinases site (thr85) of parathyroid hormone-related protein negatively regulates its nuclear localization" SIGNOR-68548 MAML1 protein Q92585 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11101851 t gcesareni "Maml1 binds to the ankyrin repeat domain of all four mammalian notch receptors, forms a dna-binding complex with icn and rbp-jkappa, and amplifies notch-induced transcription of hes1." SIGNOR-84827 PKG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF77 SIGNOR "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266504 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser272 ELDELMAsLSDFKIQ 9606 BTO:0001130 20406887 t llicata "We find that pak4 is localised at focal adhesions, is immunoprecipitated with paxillin and phosphorylates paxillin on serine 272." SIGNOR-164889 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr234 PNFYDETyDYGGFTM 9606 12052863 t lperfetto "We show that hnrnp k and the c-src kinase specifically interact with each other, leading to c-src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of hnrnp k in vivo and in vitro. c-src-mediated phosphorylation reversibly inhibits the binding of hnrnp k to the differentiation control element (dice) of the lox mrna 3' untranslated region in vitro and specifically derepresses the translation of dice-bearing mrnas in vivo.We confirmed that tyr 230, 234, 236, and 380 are phosphorylated and identified two additional targets of c-src, tyr 72 and tyr 225 (data not shown)." SIGNOR-88907 ARVCF protein O00192 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 14610055 t miannu "To clarify the role of p120 in mammalian cells, we have knocked down p120 with siRNA in cells expressing epithelial (E-), placental (P-), neuronal (N-), and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherins. We report that each of these cadherins, as well as α- and β-catenins, were rapidly degraded in the absence of p120, resulting in loss of cell–cell adhesion. The effect was clearly dose dependent, indicating that p120 expression levels may directly determine cadherin levels. Degradation of p120-uncoupled cadherin occurred after its arrival at the surface, indicating that p120 regulates cadherin turnover at the level of internalization or recycling. p120 homologues ARVCF and δ-catenin could substitute for p120, so at least one family member is likely required to maintain adhesion. Thus, cadherin complexes are rapidly turned over and degraded in mammalian cells in the absence of direct interaction with p120 or a p120 family member." SIGNOR-252128 CCR1 protein P32246 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25230753 f "CCL3, an eosinophil precursor-produced chemokine that signals through CCR1, promotes terminal differentiation of CCR1-positive eosinophil precursors in the absence of IL-5, highlighting an autocrine loop capable of sustaining eosinophil differentiation" SIGNOR-254369 CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12925705 t miannu "CENP-E binds to and directly stimulates the kinase activity of purified BubR1 in vitro." SIGNOR-266118 torkinib chemical CHEBI:90679 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206313 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 BTO:0000331 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258516 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser219 HALAEWAsRREAFAQ 9606 BTO:0001938 12400006 t "In the present study we show that the human pEg3 kinase is able to specifically phosphorylate CDC25B in vitro. One phosphorylation site was identified and corresponded to serine 323[Ä] Taken together these results suggest that pEg3 is a potential regulator of the G2/M progression and may act antagonistically to the CDC25B phosphatase" SIGNOR-255655 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BAIAP2L1 protein Q9UHR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr163 YEHKEIEyVETVTSR -1 21840312 t miannu "Here, we report that overexpression of IRTKS increases the speed of wound closure of HT1080 cells in a Src-dependent manner. Active Src phosphorylates IRTKS in vivo and in vitro. Deletion mapping and mutation analysis revealed that six tyrosine residues (Y37, Y156, Y163, Y274, Y293 and Y439) were Src-stimulated phosphorylation sites on IRTKS. Disruption of Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation abolished the effect of IRTKS on wound closure. Collectively, these data suggest Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation is essential for its function in cell motility." SIGNOR-263038 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser211 LVGVTSSsCPADLTQ 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C3 22692423 t gcesareni "Our data points to the lysosome as the site where mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB occurs. [...]Our study has revealed a specific role for phosphorylation of TFEB S211 in the negative regulation of the nuclear abundance of TFEB. This occurs through the promotion of 14-3-3 binding and the masking of the nearby NLS on TFEB." SIGNOR-248270 TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001938 12271141 f lperfetto "These findings strongly implicate the tuberin-hamartin tumor suppressor complex as an inhibitor of mtor. Here, we show that hamartin and tuberin function together to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor)-mediated signaling to eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 (s6k1)." SIGNOR-93130 PTGER1 protein P34995 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256954 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR Enolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF74 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f "inferred from family member" miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-270249 KCNJ3 protein P48549 UNIPROT KCNJ5/KCNJ3 complex SIGNOR-C56 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000562 22362083 t miannu "The muscarinic k(+) channel (i (k,ach)) is a heterotetramer composed of girk1 (kir3.1) andgirk4(kir3.4) subunits of a g protein-coupled inwardly rectifying channel, and plays an important role in mediating electrical responses to the vagal stimulation in the heart." SIGNOR-196202 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT PFN1 protein P07737 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser138 MASHLRRsQY 9606 22479341 t lperfetto "Knockdown of the catalytic subunit of pp1 (pp1c_), but not pp2a (pp2ac_), increased ps137-pfn1 levels. Pp1c_ binds pfn1 in cultured cells, and this interaction was increased by a phosphomimetic mutation of pfn1 at ser-137 (s137d). Together, these data define pp1 as the principal phosphatase for ser-137 of pfn1" SIGNOR-196816 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1735 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248824 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RCC1 protein P18754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 KRIAKRRsPPADAIP -1 15014043 t miannu "Human RCC1 is phosphorylated on Ser 2 and Ser 11 in mitosis by Cdc2 kinase. We show here that Cdc2 kinase phosphorylates the serines located in or near the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of human RCC1, the nucleotide exchange factor for Ran. This phosphorylation is necessary for RCC1 to generate RanGTP on mitotic chromosomes in mammalian cells, which in turn is required for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation." SIGNOR-262702 PSAT1 protein Q9Y617 UNIPROT 3-phosphonatooxypyruvate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18110 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" "chemical modification" 3702 30034403 t lperfetto "Phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate (3-PHP) to 3-phosphoserine (PSer) in an L-glutamate (Glu)-linked reversible transamination reaction." SIGNOR-268562 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10929711 t amattioni "Smac promotes caspase-9 activation by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, iaps, and removing their inhibitory activity." SIGNOR-80218 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT VEGFA protein P15692 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 24067369 f miannu "HIC1 suppressing the VEGF and c-Myc promoter activity and the colony formation of MDA-MB 231 cells were STAT3-dependent." SIGNOR-254247 RPEL1 protein Q2QD12 UNIPROT "D-xylulose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57737 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267069 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr1007 VLPQDKEyYKVKEPG 9606 14522994 t "We report that SHP-2 dephosphorylates tyrosine (Tyr-1007) of Jak2 kinase, a critical recruitment site for the ubiquitin ligase-associated inhibitory protein suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), thereby contributing to Jak2 stability. Inactivation of SHP-2 function by blocking receptor/SHP-2 association or by using a catalytically inactive mutant of SHP-2 led to a marked increase in Jak2 ubiquitination/degradation, Jak2 phosphorylation on Tyr-1007, and Jak2/SOCS-1 association" SIGNOR-248665 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CNOT4 protein O95628 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271004 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr201 DQTPLAIyNSISYKT 9534 BTO:0000298 17027227 t "Site of Jak2 tyrosine autophosphorylation; namely, tyrosine 201. Jak2 tyrosine residue 201 was the principal mediator of SHP-2 binding as conversion of this tyrosine residue to phenylalanine abolished this interaction" SIGNOR-251360 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270616 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr785 STFTNITyRGT 9606 11723131 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation level of beta(3) integrin was modulated using a temperature-sensitive v-Src kinase. Increased beta(3) phosphorylation abolished alpha(v)beta(3)- but not alpha(5)beta(1)-mediated adhesion to fibronectin. Thus, phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of beta(3) is a negative regulator of alpha(v)beta(3)-fibronectin binding strength." SIGNOR-247207 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT CACNA1C protein Q13936 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1981 ASLGRRAsFHLECLK 9606 22100296 t gcesareni "Both the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of pkd and the mutation of serine 1884 but not serine 1930, putative targets of pkd, strongly reduced l-type calcium currents and single channel activity without affecting the channel's expression at the plasma membrane. Our results suggest that serine 1884 is essential for the regulation of hcav1.2 by pkd." SIGNOR-177481 Interferon-type-I proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF50 SIGNOR MOV10 protein Q9HCE1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32496609 f miannu "Mov10 is a processing body (P-body) protein and an interferon-stimulated gene that can affect replication of retroviruses, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus (HCV)." SIGNOR-261137 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10029 BTO:0005787 25815583 t "TTP appears to be a p38α/β MAPK target and pretreating skeletal muscle with a p38α/β MAPK inhibitor reduces TTP phosphorylation." SIGNOR-253596 P2RY12 protein Q9H244 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256855 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT PIK3R2 protein O00459 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9435577 t lperfetto "These studies revealed that PI 3-kinase is associated in vivo with both TGF-_ receptor subtypes and that TGF-_1 stimulation enhances PI 3-kinase activity associated with type I TGF-_ receptor in hASM cells." SIGNOR-227531 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "catalytic activity" 9606 27113762 t Monia "Here, we report that SIRT5 desuccinylates and deglutarylates isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), respectively, and thus activates both NADPH-producing enzymes." SIGNOR-261212 "Succinyl-CoA ATP variant" complex SIGNOR-C398 SIGNOR succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27487822 t miannu "In the citric acid cycle, succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only step that provides substrate-level phosphorylation: succinyl-CoA + NDP + Pi = succinate + CoA + NTP, where N is adenosine or guanosine and the reaction requires magnesium ions." SIGNOR-266267 HSD3B1 protein P14060 UNIPROT progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 2243100 t lperfetto "Three beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase (3 beta-HSD) catalyze the oxidative conversion of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroids to the delta 4-3-keto configuration and is therefore essential for the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids, namely progesterone, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens." SIGNOR-268635 CS protein O75390 UNIPROT citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3013232 t miannu "Citrate synthase catalyzes an important step within the cycle, the Claisen condensation of acetyl-Coenzyme A with oxaloacetate to form citrate; and it is the only enzyme in the cycle that can catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon bond." SIGNOR-266240 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination Lys308 SEARALAkERQKKDN 9606 10673502 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we identified lysine 201 as a potential ubiquitination site. A lysine to arginine mutation abolished mitf (k201r) degradation by hubc9 in vivo." SIGNOR-75117 N-[3-[[5-iodo-4-[3-[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]propylamino]-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenyl]-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91439 ChEBI IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190792 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ENTR1 protein Q96C92 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272705 ARHGAP31 protein Q2M1Z3 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260490 arformoterol chemical CHEBI:408174 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 20655218 t Luana "Table 1. Human β2- and β1-adrenoceptor binding and calculated log D7.4 values for formoterol, indacaterol, salmeterol, S1319 and the representative library members 11–41" SIGNOR-257881 NELFCD protein Q8IXH7 UNIPROT NELF complex SIGNOR-C521 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18628398 t miannu "The Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) is a transcription regulatory complex that induces stalling of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early transcription elongation and represses expression of several genes studied to date, including Drosophila Hsp70, mammalian proto-oncogene junB, and HIV RNA. It is composed of four subunits, NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/D, and NELF-E." SIGNOR-271399 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT VIL1 protein P09327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr60 KTASSLSyDIHYWIG 9606 BTO:0000567 15342783 t lperfetto "These data suggest that phosphorylation of villin by c-src is involved in the actin cytoskeleton remodeling necessary for cell migration.To further investigate the role of tyrosine phosphorylated villin in cell migration, we used phosphorylation site mutants (tyrosine to phenylalanine or tyrosine to glutamic acid) in HeLa cells. We determined that tyrosine phosphorylation at residues 60, 81, and 256 of human villin played an essential role in cell migration as well as in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton" SIGNOR-247437 PCDH19 protein Q8TAB3 UNIPROT GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 29360992 t miannu "Here, we found that PCDH19 binds the alpha subunits of GABAAR and regulates its surface availability and currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. The PCDH19 gene (Xp22.1) encodes the cell-adhesion protein protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) and is responsible for a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by female-limited epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autistic features, the pathogenic mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a new interaction between PCDH19 and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) alpha subunits in the rat brain. PCDH19 shRNA-mediated downregulation reduces GABAAR surface expression and affects the frequency and kinetics of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. " SIGNOR-267216 "neuropeptide FF receptor agonist" smallmolecule CHEBI:141000 ChEBI NPFFR2 protein Q9Y5X5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257550 IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15864272 t gcesareni "The only type ii ifn, ifn-, binds a distinct cell-surface receptor, which is known as the type ii ifn receptor. This receptor is also composed of two subunits, ifngr1 and ifngr2, which are associated with jak1 and jak2, respectively. Activation of the jaks that are associated with the type i ifn receptor results in tyrosine phosphorylation of stat2" SIGNOR-135955 "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI arachidonoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15514 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267906 NRG1 protein Q02297 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 7514177 t gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4 direct interaction between heregulin and the two proteins was demonstrated by chemical cross-linking experiments using 125i-heregulin followed by immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for erbb2 or erbb3." SIGNOR-26878 MLF1 protein P58340 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15861129 f miannu "Mlf1 induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest" SIGNOR-135943 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C134 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243433 PVR protein P15151 UNIPROT CD226 protein Q15762 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000914 30591568 t lperfetto "We focused on receptor-ligand interactions between CAFs and NK cell and found that cell-surface poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155), a ligand of activating NK receptor DNAM-1, was downregulated in the CAFs compared with NEFs. |Poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155) is a ligand of the paired NK receptors, DNAM-1 (activating) and TIGIT (inhibiting). NK cells can kill cancer cells expressing PVR via the DNAM-1-mediated activating signaling (11,12)." SIGNOR-261424 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser141 MASQKRPsQRHGSKY -1 2413024 t lperfetto "MBP was phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or C | Subsequent amino acid analysis and/or sequential Edman degradation of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence of this protein, revealed that Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161 at various reaction velocities." SIGNOR-248869 SLRP proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF31 SIGNOR ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21949456 t "Proteoglycans are ubiquitous in connective tissue, and muscle ECM is no exception. A number of PGsare present in muscle ECM, and many belong to the family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs)." SIGNOR-255345 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 18372406 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-178145 TRIM41 protein Q8WV44 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17893151 t miannu "RINCK induces the ubiquitination of PKC both in vitro and in cells. Overexpression of RINCK reduces the levels of PKC in cells, whereas genetic knockdown of endogenous RINCK increases the levels of PKC. The RINCK-mediated ubiquitination is likely to be polyubiquitination, because the ubiquitinated PKCβII was detected as a high molecular weight smear." SIGNOR-271667 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18635759 t gcesareni "Traf2, ubc13, and ikkgamma were required for complex assembly and activation of mekk1 and mapk cascades." SIGNOR-179476 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGB4 protein Q9UN71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265679 LSM3 protein P62310 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270633 ARHGAP22 protein Q7Z5H3 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260476 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270691 VTN protein P04004 UNIPROT "A8/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C165 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 7559467 t lperfetto "The human integrin alpha 8 beta 1 functions as a receptor for tenascin, fibronectin, and vitronectin." SIGNOR-253307 F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT F11 protein P03951 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000131 8427954 t lperfetto "Activation of factor XI in plasma is dependent on factor XII | Similar kinetics of factor XI cleavage are seen when 40 nmol/L factor XIIa (equal to 10% of factor XII activation) is added to factor XII-deficient plasma if an activating surface is provided." SIGNOR-263519 IL18 protein Q14116 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10653850 f miannu "IL-18, originally described as IFN-γ-inducing factor, is secreted from activated macrophages and Kupffer cells (1–3). The major activity associated with this cytokine is induction of IFN-γ production from CD4+ Th1 cells, T cells, B cells and NK cells, especially in collaboration with IL-12. IL-12 and IL-18 acted in a synergistic manner for the development of T cells into IFN-γ-producing cells without their TCR engagement." SIGNOR-260860 RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser446 DSIRLQIsNPDLKDR 9606 22412986 t lperfetto "Activation of interferon regulatory factor 5 by site specific phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of carboxyl serines 451 and 462 appear the primary trigger of irf5 function in nuclear accumulation, transcription, and apoptosis. Rip2 activation of the irf5 aspartic acid substitutions showed a similar positive effect of s451d and s462d function in this assay" SIGNOR-196524 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 30825796 t miannu "In the mammalian brain the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission is carried out by Œ±-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors located within the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses" SIGNOR-264611 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23723069 f miannu "Lrig1 is a negative regulator of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, including erbb and met receptors, and promotes receptor degradation." SIGNOR-202146 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser474 RTHFPQFsYSASIRE 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248632 superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI Oxidative_stress phenotype SIGNOR-PH215 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29301787 f lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272276 KANSL1 protein Q7Z3B3 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 26243146 f miannu "Here we uncover a novel function of the NSL complex members in mitosis. As the cell enters mitosis, KANSL1 and KANSL3 undergo a marked relocalisation from the chromatin to the mitotic spindle. By stabilizing microtubule minus ends in a RanGTP-dependent manner, they are essential for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation." SIGNOR-267170 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 DTRQIQPsPPWSYDQ 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138908 tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon chemical CHEBI:49883 ChEBI "BRCA1-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C298 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "Another BRCA1 complex, the BRCA1‚ÄìB complex containing BRCA1/TopBP1 and BACH1 (also known and BRIP1/FANCJ) has been reported to play a role in HR and S‚Äêphase cell cycle arrest. The exact role of this complex in HR remains unclear, although it is assumed that BACH1, a DNA helicase, contributes to end resection (possibly through its helicase activity) and RPA loading, whereas TopBP1 is required for ATR activation and subsequent S‚Äêphase checkpoint activation" SIGNOR-269475 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser16 PPSEGEEsTVRFARK -1 2377895 t lperfetto "Thus four peptides containing six major sites of intrapeptide autophosphorylation of protein kinase C have been identified. | Phosphoamino acid analyses indicated that only the NH2-terminal peptide contained phosphoserine. The modified residue was determined to be Ser16" SIGNOR-248863 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16547521 t miannu "KLHL12 recruits Dsh to Cullin-3 for protein degradation. In vitro ubiquitination of Dsh3 by KLHL12–Cullin-3–Roc1. The E3 ligase complex was obtained by transfection of HEK293T cells . We show that the BTB-containing protein KLHL12 negatively regulates Dsh function by recruiting a pool of Dsh to the Cullin-3 ligase scaffold, thereby promoting its ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-271620 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR BIN1 protein O00499 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136399 GBE1 protein Q04446 UNIPROT glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26199317 t miannu "Glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) plays an essential role in glycogen biosynthesis by generating Œ±-1,6-glucosidic branches from Œ±-1,4-linked glucose chains, to increase solubility of the glycogen polymer. In eukaryotes, glycogenin (EC 2.4.1.186) initiates the synthesis of the linear glucan chain (2), which is elongated by glycogen synthase (GYS, EC 2.4.1.11) (3), functioning in concert with glycogen branching enzyme (GBE, EC 2.4.1.18) to introduce side chains" SIGNOR-267942 mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr479 FSYSASGtA 9606 BTO:0000093 24670654 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of S477 and T479 at the Akt extreme carboxy terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A or mTORC2, under distinct physiological conditions, promotes Akt activation through facilitating, or functionally compensating for, S473 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252444 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002729 23993924 f flangone "Engagement of BMP4-mediated signaling in adult mouse ovary-derived OSCs cultured in vitro drives differentiation of these cells into IVD oocytes through Smad1/5/8 activation and transcriptional up-regulation of key meiosis-initiating genes." SIGNOR-242059 EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" hydroxylation 9606 BTO:0000567 21620138 t "Interaction of PKM2 with prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) enhances PKM2 binding to HIF-1Œ± and PKM2 coactivator function. Mass spectrometry and anti-hydroxyproline antibody assays demonstrate PKM2 hydroxylation on proline-403/408. PHD3 knockdown inhibits PKM2 coactivator function, reduces glucose uptake and lactate production, and increases O(2) consumption in cancer cells." SIGNOR-268146 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258272 Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21106647 f miannu "Axon outgrowth and guidance to the proper target requires the coordination of filamentous (F)-actin and microtubules (MTs), the dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that promote shape change and locomotion." SIGNOR-268384 WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr231 TRNKVRKtFVGTPCW 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000671 16083423 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by WNK1 or WNK4 markedly increased SPAK and OSR1 activity. Phosphopeptide mapping studies demonstrated that WNK1 phosphorylated kinase-inactive SPAK and OSR1 at an equivalent residue located within the T-loop of the catalytic domain (Thr233 in SPAK, Thr185 in OSR1) and a serine residue located within a C-terminal non-catalytic region (Ser373 in SPAK, Ser325 in OSR1)" SIGNOR-160846 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ARHGAP26 protein Q9UNA1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 9525907 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "In vitro, purified mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of Graf on serine 510, suggesting that Graf phosphorylation may be mediated through MAP kinase signaling." SIGNOR-270058 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT FES protein P07332 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr811 RPSFSTIyQELQSIR 9606 8663427 t llicata "Substitution of kinase domain tyrosine residues 713 or 811 with phenylalanine resulted in a loss of the 10- and 4-kda phosphopeptides, respectively, identifying these tyrosines as in vitro autophosphorylation sites. Cnbr cleavage analysis of fes isolated from 32po4-labeled 293t cells showed that tyr-713 and tyr-811 are also autophosphorylated in vivo. . Mutagenesis of tyr-713 reduced both autophosphorylation of tyr-811 and transphosphorylation of bcr, a recently identified fes substrate, supporting a major regulatory role for tyr-713." SIGNOR-42659 CREB3L1 protein Q96BA8 UNIPROT CREB3L1 protein Q96BA8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12805554 t miannu "E4BP4, ATF-6, OASIS, and XBP-1 all formed strong homodimeric associations on the array Transcription factor dimerization can increase the selectivity of protein-DNA interactions and generate a large amount of DNA binding diversity from a relatively small number of proteins" SIGNOR-224205 FBXO21 protein O94952 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 26299618 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that a ubiquitin E3-ligase, FBXO21, targets the multidrug resistance transporter, ABCB1, also known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), for proteasomal degradation.Purified in vitro translated FLAG-tagged P-gp along with E2 (UbcH5c), E3 ligase FBXO21, Cul1, Skp1, Roc1 purified from Sf-9 insect cells were incubated in vitro." SIGNOR-272422 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser571 RMRSRSRsFSRHRSC 9606 17554339 t miannu "Here we describe a mechanism by which insulin, through the intermediary protein kinase akt2/protein kinase b (pkb)-beta, elicits the phosphorylation and inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator 1alpha (pgc-1alpha), a global regulator of hepatic metabolism during fasting / phosphorylation of pgc-1? At ser?570 Is required for akt to inhibit recruitment of pgc-1? To chromatin." SIGNOR-155536 ATP2B2 protein Q01814 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30535804 t lperfetto "ATP2B2 encodes the PMCA2 Ca(2+) pump that plays an important role in maintaining ion homeostasis in hair cells among others by extrusion of Ca(2+) from the stereocilia to the endolymph." SIGNOR-262585 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 10023660 t lperfetto "These results indicate that the cul1/skp1/beta-trcp complex forms a ubiquitin ligase that mediates the degradation of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-217181 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser39 TTSTRTYsLGSALRP 9606 20856200 t llicata "The binding of akt (tail region) to vim (head region) results in vim ser39 phosphorylation enhancing the ability of vim to induce motility and invasion while protecting vim from caspase-induced proteolysis." SIGNOR-167971 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser495 KTMIRKRsFGNPFEG 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "Pka phosphorylates ser-100, ser-495, and ser-511the camp/pka pathway can inhibit camkk2 activity" SIGNOR-198150 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TBC1D4 protein O60343 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr642 QFRRRAHtFSHPPSS 9606 16880201 t llicata "14-3-3 proteins interact with as160 in an insulin- and akt-dependent manner via an akt phosphorylation site, thr-642." SIGNOR-148342 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT BAG3 protein O95817 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser187 SSSSSSAsLPSSGRS 9606 23108398 t lperfetto "Pkc_-mediated phosphorylation of bag3 at ser187 site induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhances invasiveness in thyroid cancer fro cells. we showed that bag3 was implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt) procedure, and phosphorylation state at ser187 site had a critical role in emt regulation by bag3." SIGNOR-199316 RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0001103 22493066 f svumbaca "Both binding sites were enriched by more than 5-fold in the ChIP assay with RBP-Jk antibody, suggesting that RBP-Jk occupies these sequences in the Pax7 promoter region." SIGNOR-255365 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 15897469 t miannu "BMI1 and MACROH2A1 interact with and are ubiquitinated by the CULLIN3 and SPOP ligase complex. Polyubiquitination of endogenous BMI1 could not be detected, suggesting that only a small amount of the protein undergoes this modification. No significant changes in protein stability were observed, suggesting that ubiquitination serves regulatory functions other than protein degradation of BMI1 and MACROH2A1" SIGNOR-272661 MK-2461 chemical CID:44137946 PUBCHEM FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194378 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser789 QSVDKVTsPTKV 9606 BTO:0001260 10514499 t lperfetto "Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) phosphorylate the high molecular mass isoform of the actin-binding protein caldesmon (h-cad) at two sites (ser(759) and ser(789)) during smooth muscle stimulation. Nmr spectroscopy shows that the actin binding properties of the minimal inhibitory region of caldesmon, residues 750-779, alter upon map kinase phosphorylation of ser-759, a residue not involved in actin binding. This phosphorylation leads to markedly diminished actin affinity as a result of the loss of interaction at one of the two sites that bind to f-actin." SIGNOR-71045 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 33622779 f miannu "Here, using cultured hippocampal neurons pooled from both sexes of mice, we provide evidence that binding to cortactin tethers Abl2 in spines, where Abl2 and cortactin maintain the small pool of stable actin required for dendritic spine stability." SIGNOR-266594 SRR protein Q9GZT4 UNIPROT D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10090 BTO:0000142 12393813 t lperfetto "High levels of d-serine occur in the brain, challenging the notion that d-amino acids would not be present or play a role in mammals. d-serine levels in the brain are even higher than many l-amino acids, such as asparagine, valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan, among others. d-serine is synthesized by a serine racemase (SR) enzyme, which directly converts l- to d-serine. We now report that SR is a bifunctional enzyme, producing both d-serine and pyruvate in cultured cells and in vitro. Transfection of SR into HEK 293 cells elicits synthesis of d-serine and augmented release of pyruvate to culture media." SIGNOR-268270 ARF3 protein P61204 UNIPROT Vesicle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH172 SIGNOR up-regulates 14973189 f lperfetto "ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) are 20-kDa GTPases of the ras superfamily that regulate vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. There are three classes of ARFs: class I (ARF1–3), which function in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking; the much less studied class II (ARF4–5); and class III (ARF6), with significant roles in endocytotic pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics near the cell surface" SIGNOR-272150 FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT ITGAX protein P20702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7679388 t gcesareni "To map the binding sites for four distinct ligands for mac-l: ic3b, fibrinogen, icam-1. __the i domain on the ot chain of mac-1 is an important recognition site for all four ligands." SIGNOR-31320 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr362 SPPAEDVyDVPPPAP 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246409 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252179 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NPHS1 protein O60500 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1125 QWTGERDtQSSTVST 9606 BTO:0000007 21321125 t llicata "Binding of _-arrestin2 to the nephrin intracellular domain depended on phosphorylation of nephrin threonine residues 1120 and 1125 by pkc_." SIGNOR-172056 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257805 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LAX1 protein Q8IWV1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr373 SNEDSSDyENVLTAK 9606 BTO:0000007 12359715 t miannu "Upon stimulation via the B or T cell receptors, LAX is rapidly phosphorylated by Src and Syk family tyrosine kinases and interacts with Grb2, Gads, and p85. " SIGNOR-273528 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT5B protein Q9H1J7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242727 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 11165242 t miannu "Human casein kinase Idelta phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2. We have now extended our previous studies to show that human casein kinase Idelta (hCKIdelta), the closest homologue to hCKIepsilon, associates with and phosphorylates hPER1 and causes protein instability. Furthermore, we observed that both hCKIdelta and hCKIepsilon phosphorylated and caused protein instability of human period 2 protein (hPER2)." SIGNOR-268000 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "We found that smo, by virtue of what appears to be constitutive activity, activates all members of the g(i) family but does not activate members of the g(s), g(q), and g(12) families." SIGNOR-148484 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001874 17251190 f Regulation miannu "The effect of TGFbeta on Pax6 expression was studied in the FHL124 lens epithelial cell line and was found to cause up to a 50% reduction in Pax6 mRNA levels within 24 h. Pax6-stimulated activity of the Pax6 promoter is repressed by TGFβ signalling." SIGNOR-251874 MSTN protein O14793 UNIPROT ACVR2B protein Q13705 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 11459935 t gcesareni "The purified C-terminal myostatin dimer was capable of binding the activin type II receptors, Act RIIB and, to a lesser extent, Act RIIA" SIGNOR-235153 "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 25838379 f lperfetto "The highly divergent ribosomes of human mitochondria (mitoribosomes) synthesize 13 essential proteins of oxidative phosphorylation complexes." SIGNOR-262333 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257978 LAMTOR3 protein Q9UHA4 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9733512 t gcesareni "A protein called mp1 (mek partner 1) was identified that bound specifically to mek1 and erk1 and facilitated their activation. When overexpressed in cultured cells, mp1 enhanced activation of erk1 and activation of a reporter driven by the transcription factor elk-1." SIGNOR-59877 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT miR-199a mirna URS0000759977_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 24708856 t miannu "We found overexpression of miR-155 led to increase in cJUN, FOS and TRIB2, and decrease in MEIS1, GFI1, cMYC and JARID2." SIGNOR-255765 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000670 26131937 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that lenalidomide induces the ubiquitination of casein kinase 1A1 (CK1a) by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4€“RBX1€“DDB1€“CRBN (known as CRL4CRBN)" SIGNOR-236907 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR OBI1 protein Q5W0B1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271167 LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257120 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr299 AGLTPPTtPPHKANQ 9606 BTO:0000887 11741533 t gcesareni "Cytokine stimulation of energy expenditure through p38 map kinase activation of ppargamma coactivator-1we show here that many cytokines activate the transcriptional ppar gamma coactivator-1 (pgc-1) through phosphorylation by p38 kinase, resulting in stabilization and activation of pgc-1 proteinp38 mapk directly phosphorylates pgc-1 on residues threonine 262, serine 265, and threonine 298" SIGNOR-112774 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15952796 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb10 by mitogen-activated protein kinase: identification of ser150 and ser476 of human grb10zeta as major phosphorylation sitesreplacing ser(150) and ser(476) with alanines reduced the inhibitory effect of human grb10zeta on insulin-stimulated irs1 tyrosine phosphorylation" SIGNOR-270077 MVD protein P53602 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9534 12646231 f miannu "An overexpression of mot-2 resulted in reduced level of Ras and phosphorylated ERK2. These were rescued by co-expression of MPD from an exogenous promoter demonstrating a functional link between mot-2, MPD, and Ras. Ras and its oncogenic forms act as key players in controlling proliferation of normal and cancerous cells. Assigning mot-2 upstream of p21Ras offers an important mechanism for influence over cell proliferation. Therefore, we ra tionaled to investigate if overexpression of MPD could affect the steady state levels of Ras by affecting its prenylationTransient transfections of MPD-myc in COS 7 cells resulted in higher stable levels of Ras as compared to the untransfected cells (Fig. 3A, compare lanes 4 and 8 and Fig. 3B)" SIGNOR-265887 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 10973958 f lperfetto "NF-kB-, AP-1-, and Smad3-driven promoters all require p300/CREB-binding protein for their transactivation. Previous studies have suggested that NF-kB- and AP-1-driven promoters can be inhibited by competitive recruitment of coactivators such as p300/CPB to other unrelated promoters. We hypothesized that NF-kB and AP-1 compete with Smad3 for limiting quantities of p300. This hypothesis predicts that added p300 should alleviate TGF-b1/Smad3-mediated inhibition of inflammatory genes. Conversely, increasing doses of TGF-b1/Smad3 would compete away even overexpressed p300 from NF-kB/AP- 1-driven promoters." SIGNOR-249557 1-[5-bromo-4-methyl-2-[[(2S)-2-morpholinyl]methoxy]phenyl]-3-(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)urea chemical CHEBI:124917 ChEBI CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193787 SLC2A3 protein P11169 UNIPROT glucose chemical CHEBI:17234 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 23506862 t miannu "GLUThe SLC2A3 gene encoding GLUT3 was first cloned from a human fetal skeletal muscle cell line (Kayano et al., 1988). It shares ~64% sequence identity with SLC2A1. GLUT3 has a higher apparent affinity (lower Km) and a higher maximum turnover number for glucose than the other Class 1 GLUT proteins, and its principal physiological substrate is clearly D-glucose T1 plays a critical role in cerebral glucose uptake as the major GLUT isoform expressed in brain endothelial cells." SIGNOR-267461 MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272377 ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "All erbb ligands and receptors couple to activation of the ras-mapk pathway, either directly through sh2 domain-mediated recruitment of grb-2 or indirectly through ptb domain-mediated binding of the shc adaptor. In this study, we identify grb2 as a specific binding partner to tyrosines y1199 and y1268 of erbb3." SIGNOR-146858 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT SMG5 protein Q9UPR3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16809764 t miannu "Here, we report that the human ortholog of the yeast ever-shorter telomeres 1B (EST1B) binds HDAC8. This interaction is regulated by protein kinase A-mediated HDAC8 phosphorylation and protects human EST1B (hEST1B) from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Phosphorylated HDAC8 preferentially recruits Hsp70 to a complex that inhibits the CHIP (C-terminal heat shock protein interacting protein) E3 ligase-mediated degradation of hEST1B. " SIGNOR-272649 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT KCNC4 protein Q03721 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 KSGNKPPsKTCLKEE 9606 7993631 t gcesareni "We found that pkc specifically eliminates rapid inactivation of a cloned human a-type k+ channel (hkv3.4), converting this channel from a rapidly inactivating a type to a noninactivating delayed rectifier type." SIGNOR-35626 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 15173068 t gcesareni "The results presented here show for the first time that er redistribution to the cytoplasm and its interaction with her2 are important downstream effects of her2 overexpression, that erk1/2 is important for er cytoplasmic localization, and that subcellular localization of er may play a mechanistic role in determining the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen." SIGNOR-124962 MMP26 protein Q9NRE1 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272370 SMARCD2 protein Q92925 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270733 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000601 25420914 f Luana "Our current study highlights the phosphorylation, but not the overall expression level, of MeCP2 as a significant regulatory mechanism in regulating adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. " SIGNOR-264967 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TAGLN protein Q01995 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 VIGLQMGsNRGASQA -1 11053353 t lperfetto "Of the three consensus protein kinase C or casein kinase II phosphorylation sites in SM22, only Ser-181 was readily phosphorylated by protein kinase C in vitro, and such phosphorylation greatly decreased actin binding." SIGNOR-249061 PDPK2P protein Q6A1A2 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15505410 t gcesareni "Akt to the plasma membrane where it is phosphorylated and activated by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (pdk) 1 and pdk2." SIGNOR-252628 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser673 RVQSKIGsLDNITHV -1 12435421 t miannu "Ser214, Ser262, Ser356, and Ser409 of tau441‚ were phosphorylated by PKA. tau in PHF is abnormally hyperphosphorylated and lacks its normal activity to bind to microtubules and to stimulate their assembly" SIGNOR-250007 PFAS protein O15067 UNIPROT 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phosphonato-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine smallmolecule CHEBI:147287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The first two reactions catalyzed by TGART are sequential and produce FGAR, which is then acted upon by the third enzyme in the pathway, formylglycinamidine synthase (PFAS/FGAMS).The transferred ammonia is then used to convert FGAR to FGAM. The FGAMS protein exhibits interesting biophys ical properties and will be covered later in this review. The FGAM produced by FGAMS is then converted into AIR by the AIRS domain of TGART, resulting in a five membered ring closure." SIGNOR-267311 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr266 TDLDAVRtPEPLEEF BTO:0000007 10593981 t llicata "Ten phosphorylation sites carboxyl-terminal to the DNA-binding domain were identified by this method: threonines at positions 267, 408, 497, 519, 522, and 524 and serines at positions 283, 396, 455, and 581. | Our results indicate that B-Myb can be phosphorylated in a cell-free system by both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. | These data suggest that B-Myb is a target for phosphorylation by cyclin-Cdk2 and that phosphorylation of B-Myb regulates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-250736 TARS1 protein P26639 UNIPROT Thr-tRNA(Thr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29163 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25824639 t miannu "Here we show, using X-ray crystal structures and functional analyses, that a single molecule of borrelidin simultaneously occupies four distinct subsites within the catalytic domain of bacterial and human ThrRSs. These include the three substrate-binding sites for amino acid, ATP and tRNA associated with aminoacylation, and a fourth 'orthogonal' subsite created as a consequence of binding." SIGNOR-270506 NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000938 23778145 t miannu "The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2)." SIGNOR-253457 RNF8 protein O76064 UNIPROT "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 20551964 t gcesareni "Rnf8 and ubc13 ubiquitylate h2a and h2ax, but other substrates probably exist." SIGNOR-265313 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT ANKRD28 protein O15084 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1007 INRYTNTsKTVSFEA -1 phosphorylation:Ser1011 TNTSKTVsFEALPIM 17023142 t lperfetto "We provide evidence for a dual kinase-mediated regulation of the PITK holoenzyme whereby PITK phosphorylation at S1017 is catalyzed by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II-delta (CaMKIIdelta), promoting the subsequent phosphorylation of S1013 by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in vitro.|the phosphorylation of PITK at these specific residues altered PP1 binding and subsequent PITK-directed dephosphorylation of hnRNP K" SIGNOR-264792 LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0000664 21821001 f miannu "Our study also showed that a number of K562 cells survived despite the apoptotic stimuli. Within these surviving cells, galectin-3 was upregulated through newly synthesized protein. Notably, inducible galectin-3, which stabilized the pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2, was essential for anti-apoptosis. Unpredictably, GSK-3β was critical for inducible galectin-3 expression as well as for cell survival. As summarized in Fig. 4C, we not only found inducible galectin-3 has an anti-apoptotic effect, but we also identified a GSK-3β-regulated mechanism for apoptotic resistance in K562 cells." SIGNOR-261905 "tositumomab and iodine i 131 tositumomab" antibody DB00081 DRUGBANK MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14748653 t miannu "Tositumomab is an immunoglobulin G murine monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD20 antigen on the surface of normal and malignant human B-cells. Tositumomab is linked covalently with iodine-131 to produce the radioimmunoconjugate iodine-131 tositumomab (Bexxar). The iodine-131 tositumomab regimen was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in June 2003 for the treatment of patients with CD20-positive, follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, both with and without transformation, whose disease is refractory to rituximab (Rituxan) and has relapsed following chemotherapy." SIGNOR-259903 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0001946 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23704355 f gcesareni "Here we report the identification of flt3l (fms-like tyrokine kinase 3 ligand) signaling as a novel regulator of skeletal myogenesis" SIGNOR-202105 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-148537 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT FAF1 protein Q9UNN5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser291 DVHMVSDsDGDDFED 9606 18790738 t llicata "This study reports that aurora-a (aur-a) phosphorylates fas-associated factor-1 (faf1) at ser-289 and ser-29 our findings support the negative feedback regulation of aur-a via phosphorylation of the death-promoting protein, faf1" SIGNOR-180891 ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0003102 14565977 f miannu "ARNO and ARF6 regulate axonal elongation and branching through downstream activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase alpha" SIGNOR-264908 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser228 PGVTPSKsTSASAIM 9606 BTO:0000938 26917740 t lperfetto "Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents." SIGNOR-275740 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser230 VTPSKSTsASAIMNG 9606 BTO:0000938 26917740 t lperfetto "Bioluminescence-based screening of small molecule modulators of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex identified 4,5,6,7 -: tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), a potent casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor, as a strong suppressor of FGF14:Nav1.6 interaction. Inhibition of CK2 through TBB reduces the interaction of FGF14 with Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 channels. Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents." SIGNOR-275741 caffeine chemical CHEBI:27732 ChEBI PDE2A protein O00408 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 36476859 t lperfetto "We show that caffeine, by inhibiting PDE2, enhances PKA phosphorylation leading to mitochondrial NCLX activation, thereby reducing neuronal excitotoxicity and enhancing learning in mice. " SIGNOR-275729 DIS3L protein Q8TF46 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261391 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser175 FGLARAFsLAKNSQP 9606 21533037 t gcesareni "Protein phosphatase-1 activates cdk9 by dephosphorylating ser175" SIGNOR-173450 copper(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:49552 ChEBI SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 1542024 t lperfetto "Copper as a cofactor and regulator of copper,zinc superoxide dismutase" SIGNOR-272300 PKN3 protein Q6P5Z2 UNIPROT ARHGAP18 protein Q8N392 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr158 RVETVSQtLRKKNKQ -1 33092266 t lperfetto "We present strong evidence that PKN3-ARHGAP18 interaction is increased upon ARHGAP18 phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation of ARHGAP18 by PKN3 enhances its GAP domain activity and contributes to negative regulation of active RhoA.|These results support our data from phosphoproteomic screen and suggest that ARHGAP18 can be phosphorylated by PKN3 on Thr154, Ser156 and Thr158." SIGNOR-264572 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser410 RKDSLDDsGSCLSGS 9534 BTO:0000298 9353340 t lperfetto " Phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of the Ser394 and Ser400 as well as GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the Ser404, Ser408, and Ser410, resulted in the desensitization of alpha1BAR-mediated inositol phosphate response. " SIGNOR-248988 FOXF2 protein Q12947 UNIPROT TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9722567 t miannu "The human forkhead protein FREAC-2 contains two functionally redundant activation domains and interacts with TBP and TFIIB." SIGNOR-220373 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 f apalma "Once in the nucleus, NF-kB can induce the transcription of iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1, which may then promote further NF-kB activation, as well as elevate the expression of other inflammatory mediators such as CCL2 and IL-6." SIGNOR-255357 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT APC protein P25054 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000038 9734785 t amattioni "Axin, an inhibitor of the wnt pathway, interacts with beta-catenin, gsk-3beta and apc and reduces the beta-catenin level." SIGNOR-60043 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1647 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269370 moclobemide chemical CHEBI:83531 ChEBI MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21680183 t Luana "Twenty-two pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and tested for their human MAO (hMAO) inhibitory activity. Twelve molecules with unsubstituted ring A and substituted ring C (5–16) were found to be potent inhibitors of hMAO-A isoform with SIMAO-A in the order 103 and 104. " SIGNOR-258314 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser32 LLDDRHDsGLDSMKD 10723127 t lperfetto "As described for other stimuli, following pIC treatment, PKR phosphorylates the NF-kappa B inhibitor I kappa B alpha at serine 32 before degradation." SIGNOR-249335 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 10090 BTO:0004831 11896587 t lperfetto "Serine 20 phosphorylation of p53 has been shown to be required for the activation of p53 following UV radiation. we determined the role of map kinases in uvb-induced phosphorylation and found that jnks are directly involved in the phosphorylation of p53 at serine 20" SIGNOR-106538 "Immunoglobulin mu heavy chain" protein P0DOX6 UNIPROT BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323265 t scontino "An antibody is composed of two identical HCs and two identical LCs (either kappa or lambda ), consisting of variable (V) and constant (C) regions linked by disulfide bonds. Pro- genitor B cells rearrange their Ig heavy chain (HC) genes to differentiate into precursor B (pre- B) cells that express μ HCs." SIGNOR-268191 NPY protein P01303 UNIPROT NPY2R protein P49146 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9549761 t gcesareni "Analogs of npy and pyy have been synthesized that contain a proline residue in position 34 of the molecule, i.e., [leu31, pro34]npy (fuhlendorff et al., 1990) or [pro34]pyy (grandt et al., 1994b), and are much more potent at y1 than y2receptors." SIGNOR-56568 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253853 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr12 DSQQTNDyMQPEEDW 9534 BTO:0004055 11369769 t lperfetto "The cytoskeletal/non-muscle isoform of alpha-actinin is phosphorylated on its actin-binding domain by the focal adhesion kinase tyrosine 12 is the site of phosphorylation. The wild type recombinant protein was not phosphorylated in cells lacking the focal adhesion kinase (fak).Tyrosine phosphorylation reduced the amount of alpha-actinin that cosedimented with actin filaments." SIGNOR-108329 CDKL5 protein O76039 UNIPROT LRRC4C protein Q9HCJ2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser631 PLLIRMNsKDNVQET 9606 22922712 t llicata "Cdkl5 binds and phosphorylates the cell adhesion molecule ngl-1. This phosphorylation event ensures a stable association between ngl-1 and psd95." SIGNOR-192035 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18721822 t miannu "The glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyR), a member of the pentameric Cys-loop ion channel receptor family, mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord, brainstem and retina." SIGNOR-264985 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT PCNA protein P12004 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253856 GATOR1 complex SIGNOR-C192 SIGNOR RRAGB protein Q5VZM2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" -1 23723238 t "GATOR1 has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity for RagA and RagB, and its components are mutated in human cancer." SIGNOR-253563 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr177 DPGSVLStACGTPGY -1 8253780 t llicata "CaM kinase I was autophosphorylated in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent manner at a threonyl residue (Thr-177) which is located at a position equivalent to that of the threonyl residue (Thr-197) autophosphorylated in cAMP-dependent protein kinase." SIGNOR-250612 ITGAD protein Q13349 UNIPROT "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253195 RRAGC protein Q9HB90 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 20006481 t lperfetto "Active rag and gtr heterodimers are able to bind and activate torc1, through direct interactions with raptor." SIGNOR-217547 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17652154 t gcesareni "Because adenylyl cyclases are directly activated by G(s)alpha and the carboxyl termini of the various Galpha proteins determine their receptor coupling specificity, we proposed a set of chimeric G(s)alpha where the COOH-terminal five amino acids are replaced by those of other Galpha proteins and used these to dissect the potential Galpha linked to a given GPCR" SIGNOR-267848 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268212 FADS6 protein Q8N9I5 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267910 P2RY14 protein Q15391 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257002 CXCL1 protein P09341 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16885213 f gcesareni "The data suggest that smo is in fact the source of two signals relevant to the activation of gli: one involving g(i) and the other involving events at smo's c-tail independent of g(i)." SIGNOR-148460 APOBEC3C protein Q9NRW3 UNIPROT "Clearance_of_foreign intracellular_DNA" phenotype SIGNOR-PH132 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29367246 f lperfetto "The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, or A3) family of interferon-inducible cytidine deaminases functions as antiviral restriction factors (reviewed in reference 15). Humans express seven A3 family members: A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H (16, 17). A3A is notable in that it specifically targets and restricts foreign DNA elements. A3A binds to single-stranded DNA with a high affinity (18), mediates the catabolism of foreign DNA (19), and restricts infection of several DNA viruses, including HPV (20,–24)." SIGNOR-261326 KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT PTHLH protein P12272 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Pro21 FLLSYAVpSCGRSVE -1 8753751 t lperfetto "Our study demonstrates that PTHrP is a substrate for PSA. The cleavage of the amino-terminal portion of PTHrP completely disrupts its ability to interact with the PTH/PTHrP receptor and thus inhibits its PTH-like activity. | Our data show that PSA proteolytically cleaves PTHrP (1-34) after either residue 22 or 23, generating three peptide fragments." SIGNOR-270546 MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR 9534 9543386 t miannu "C-TAK1 protein kinase phosphorylates human Cdc25C on serine 216 and promotes 14-3-3 protein binding. Phosphorylation of serine 21 6 promotes 1 4-3-3 binding to Cdc25C and is inhibitory to Cdc25C function." SIGNOR-250176 IRF8 protein Q02556 UNIPROT CD68 protein P34810 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 12676954 f "However, our data show that PU.1/IRF-4 and IRF-8 heterocomplexes down-regulate CD68 promoter activity in macrophages and repression is dependent on the integrity of both the IRF and PU.1 half-sites of this composite element." SIGNOR-254285 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser195 PNSSYPNsPGSSSST 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248301 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu75 EEAFEALeSSTATDV -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263684 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT ALDOB protein P05062 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255055 SF3A1 protein Q15459 UNIPROT SF3a complex SIGNOR-C345 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 8349644 t miannu "Components required for the splicing of nuclear messenger RNA precursors in vitro have been isolated from HeLa cells. Here we describe the separation of splicing factor SF3 into two components, SF3a and SF3b. SF3a has been purified to homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and glycerol gradient sedimentation. It consists of a complex of three polypeptides of 60, 66, and 120 kDa." SIGNOR-263948 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 15315962 t miannu "KIT binds to and induces the phosphorylation of Cbl proteins, which in turn act as E3 ligases, mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of KIT and themselves. Tyrosine kinase binding and RING finger domains of Cbl are essential for Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of KIT." SIGNOR-260105 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr751 SKDESVDyVPMLDMK 9606 2550144 t llicata "We have identified two platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf)-dependent autophosphorylation sites in the beta subunit of the human pdgf receptor (pdgf-r). The major site of phosphorylation (tyr-857) corresponds to the major autophosphorylation site in many other tyrosine kinases. Tyr-751, which lies within the kinase insert region, is a second in vivo site and the major in vitro site." SIGNOR-22993 CTNNBIP1 protein Q9NSA3 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10898789 t gcesareni "We identify a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein, icat, that was found to inhibit the interaction of beta-catenin with tcf-4 and represses beta-catenin-tcf-4-mediated transactivation." SIGNOR-79399 PF-3845 chemical CID:25154867 PUBCHEM FAAH protein O00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206049 CCNF protein P41002 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 20596027 t miannu "Using a mode of substrate binding distinct from other F-box protein-substrate pairs, CP110 and Cyclin F physically associate on the centrioles during the G2 phase of the cell cycle, and CP110 is ubiquitylated by the SCF(Cyclin F) ubiquitin ligase complex, leading to its degradation." SIGNOR-266364 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 18211802 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Activates rhoa and as a result regulates actin assembly." SIGNOR-270007 pipamperone chemical CHEBI:78549 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0001311 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258573 FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22726438 t gcesareni "Inhibition of basal fgf receptor signaling by dimeric grb2." SIGNOR-197980 SRSF7 protein Q16629 UNIPROT NXF1 protein Q9UBU9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18364396 t miannu "9g8 and srp20 also enhance the tap rna-binding activity" SIGNOR-161338 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser274 LERERPLsLLQLLGS 8355 BTO:0000887 17382906 t lperfetto "We evaluated the putative role of sgk1 in the modulation of glut4. Coexpression of the kinase along with glut4 in xenopus oocytes stimulated glucose transport. The enhanced glut4 activity was paralleled by increased transporter abundance in the plasma membrane. Disruption of the sgk1 phosphorylation site on glut4 ((s274a)glut4) abrogated the stimulating effect of sgk1. In summary, sgk1 promotes glucose transporter membrane abundance via glut4 phosphorylation at ser274." SIGNOR-236653 ARID1A protein O14497 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Here, we show that BAF complexes are required for the self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse ES cells but not for the proliferation of fibroblasts or other cells. Proteomic studies reveal that ES cells express distinctive complexes (esBAF) defined by the presence of Brg (Brahma-related gene), BAF155, and BAF60A, and the absence of Brm (Brahma), BAF170, and BAF60C." SIGNOR-270714 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "prostaglandin D2" smallmolecule CHEBI:15555 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 11751058 t gcesareni "Cox catalyzes two enzymatic activities;namely, the conversion of aa to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide pgg2, followed by its subsequent reduction to the labile product pgh2. Pgh2_ is the common substrate for a number of different cell-specific synthases, which convert pgh2_ to the individual pgs or tx, including pge2, pgi2_ (prostacyclin), pgd2, pgf2alfa, and txa2" SIGNOR-113282 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage -1 10579725 t lperfetto "P53 can inhibit the survival function of integrins by inducing the caspase-dependent cleavage and inactivation of the serine/threonine kinase akt/pkb;the involvement of caspase 3 in akt/pkb regulation was indicated by the ability of z-devd-fmk, a caspase 3 inhibitor, to block the alpha6beta4-associated reduction in akt/pkb levels in vivo, and by the ability of recombinant caspase 3 to promote the cleavage of akt/pkb in vitro" SIGNOR-252624 HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 15546868 t lperfetto "Mirk activated mef2 not through direct phosphorylation of mef2 but by phosphorylation of its inhibitors, the class ii histone deacetylases (hdacs). Mef2 is sequestered by class ii hdacs such as hdac5 and mef2-interacting transcriptional repressor (mitr). Mirk antagonized the inhibition of mef2c by mitr, whereas kinase-inactive mirk was ineffective. Mirk phosphorylates class ii hdacs at a conserved site within the nuclear localization region, reducing their nuclear accumulation in a dose-dependent and kinase-dependent manner" SIGNOR-235642 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270431 AGO2 protein Q9UKV8 UNIPROT RISC(DICER1/AGO2/TARBP2) complex SIGNOR-C32 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16142218 t lperfetto "Dicer and trbp interact in vivo and in vitro /our data indicate that trbp is primarily required for the assembly and/or functioning of si_ or mi_riscs in mammalian cells, but it may also facilitate the cleavage of pre_mirnas by dicer." SIGNOR-140220 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 21443688 t Luana "YN968D1 potently suppressed the kinase activities of VEGFR-2, c-kit and c-src, and inhibited cellular phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, c-kit and PDGFRβ." SIGNOR-257898 VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30267828 t miannu "The best-studied SNARE-complex is the one formed between three proteins, VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25, that mediate fast exocytosis in neuronal cells." SIGNOR-263966 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 8940145 f "Translocation from intracellular compartment to cell surface in muscle and adipose tissue" gcesareni "The constitutively active Akt induced glucose uptake into adipocytes in the absence of insulin by stimulating translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-45117 NRARP protein Q7Z6K4 UNIPROT RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 8355 11485984 t lperfetto "Overexpression of nrarp in embryos blocks notch signaling and inhibits the activation of notch target genes by icd. We show that nrarp forms a ternary complex with the icd of xnotch1 and the csl protein xsu(h) and that in embryos nrarp promotes the loss of icd." SIGNOR-219228 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr170 LHSEPPVyANLSNFN -1 10637231 t "Active nuclear Abl efficiently phosphorylate c-Jun. After phosphorylation of c-Jun by Abl on Tyr170, both proteins interacted via the SH2 domain of Abl." SIGNOR-251428 "vincaleukoblastine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:9984 ChEBI TUBA1A protein Q71U36 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15579115 t miannu "Tubulin binding molecules have generated considerable interest after the successful introduction of the taxanes into clinical oncology and the widespread use of the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. These compounds inhibit cell mitosis by binding to the protein tubulin in the mitotic spindle and preventing polymerization into the MTs." SIGNOR-259255 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 LSLTRGLsRTSMKPR 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275770 C1D protein Q13901 UNIPROT NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9405624 t 2 miannu "SUN-CoR is a protein involved in transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors. The C terminus of SUN-CoR interacts with TR and RevErb in vitro and associates with RevErb in cells, SUN-CoR potentiates repression by both receptors in cells, and the N terminus of SUN-CoR contains an intrinsic repression domain." SIGNOR-241272 PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 2195779 t gcesareni "Importantly, our data show that binding of ps1 to cadherin mediates the effects of ps1 on the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and destabilization of beta-catenin. Thus, cadherins mediate both the association of ps1 and beta-catenin and the effects of ps1 on the cellular levels of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-22837 EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT EIF5B protein O60841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 30211544 t lperfetto "eIF5B promotes ribosomal subunit joining, with the help of eIF1A. Upon subunit joining, eIF5B hydrolyzes GTP and is released together with eIF1A. We found that human eIF5 interacts with eIF5B and may help recruit eIF5B to the PIC." SIGNOR-269122 MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Tyr27 LSSTCVAyVATRDNC -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-13 27YVATRDN g-chain| 20ADSGEGD a-chain| 124RNSVDXLNXN b-chain| 442LRTGKEKV a-chain" SIGNOR-263614 adapalene chemical CHEBI:31174 ChEBI RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000404 30836068 t miannu "Adapalene, the third-generation synthetic retinoid,selectively bound to specific RAR, thus activating genes responsible forcellular differentiation. It showed greatest affinity for subtypes RARβindermalfibroblasts (Kd value 34 nM) and RARγin the epidermis (Kdvalue 130 nM)" SIGNOR-258487 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT FGF7 protein P21781 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261654 MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg679 EKTTRKKrNVNFQKA -1 17204478 t lperfetto "MASP-2 cleaves C4 releasing C4a and generating C4b, which attaches covalently to the pathogen surface upon exposure of its reactive thioester. C2 binds to C4b and is also cleaved by MASP-2 to form the C3 convertase (C4b2a)." SIGNOR-263422 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 LSLTRGLsRTSMKPR 9606 BTO:0000938 33410863 t lperfetto "Among the sites identified, only six were previously suggested to be the targets for specific kinases using in silico and/or in vitro analyses: S36 and S525 were attributed to the regulation by PKA; S484 and S664 were assigned to the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3); and S516 and S571 were ascribed to CaMKII (reviewed in Marionneau and Abriel, 2015). In marked contrast, several previously described phosphorylation sites were not detected in the present study, including the PKA-dependent S528, the CaMKII-associated T594, the PKC-dependent S1506, the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)–dependent T101 (Liu et al., 2019), and the six Fyn-dependent tyrosines (Ahern et al., 2005; Iqbal et al., 2018).|The simplest interpretation of these findings is that these three phosphorylation clusters, at positions S457-S460, S483-T486, and S664-S671, are likely involved in regulating the basal and/or gating properties of native cardiac NaV1.5 channels. Conversely, the other phosphorylation sites, with lower stoichiometries, may play spatially or temporally distinct roles in the physiological or more pathophysiological regulation of channel expression or gating. | Remarkably, this MS analysis also revealed that the vast majority of identified phosphorylation sites (at least 26) are clustered, suggesting concomitant phosphorylation and roles in regulating channel expression and/or function. Unexpectedly, however, except for S664, S667, and S671, no apparent effects of phosphomimetic or phosphosilent mutations were observed on heterologously expressed (in HEK-293 cells) NaV1.5" SIGNOR-275773 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10116 BTO:0003293 16959574 t lperfetto "Gsk3 inhibits the mtor pathway by phosphorylating tsc2 in a manner dependent on ampk-priming phosphorylation." SIGNOR-149380 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT HLA-B protein P01889 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 2507660 f Regulation miannu "HLA-B (class I) and C13 gene expression was transcriptionally activated by IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha 2" SIGNOR-251926 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1008 LPQDKEYyKVKEPGE 9606 11970898 t "Immunoblots with phospho-specific antibodies confirmed that PTP1B suppresses phosphorylation of the Jak2 activation site tyrosines (Y1007/Y1008) and Stat3 in a dose-dependent manner" SIGNOR-248405 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser116 KDIIRQPsEEEIIKL 9606 BTO:0000007 12808093 t lperfetto "Protein kinase b/akt binds and phosphorylates ped/pea-15, stabilizing its antiapoptotic action." SIGNOR-102092 FARSB protein Q9NSD9 UNIPROT "Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C473 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270435 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT PPP1R1A protein Q13522 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser67 LKSTLAMsPRQRKKM 10116 11278334 t "In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. | However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation." SIGNOR-248379 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262255 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1572 ESGISLFsDDPESDP -1 10403822 t llicata " Subsequent studies showed that BRCA1 was phosphorylated in vitro by CK2. An analysis by site directed mutagenesis of BRCA1 showed that in vitro phosphorylation by CK2 required a serine at aa1572. These data implicate CK2 as a potential mediator of BRCA1 activity." SIGNOR-250832 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255509 PD173074 chemical CHEBI:63448 ChEBI FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205725 DCK protein P27707 UNIPROT "2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57566 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 20637175 t lperfetto "Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK4; EC 2.7.1.74) catalyzes the phosphorylation of 2′-deoxycytidine (dCyd), 2′-deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine to their corresponding monophosphate forms, using ATP or UTP as phosphoryl donors. This reaction is the first and rate-limiting step of the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway, which provides deoxynucleoside triphosphates for DNA replication and repair as an alternative to de novo nucleotide synthesis" SIGNOR-275807 GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29176 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24898252 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. Glycyl- tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. . In this study we report crystal structures of wild type and mutant hGlyRS in complex with tRNA and with small substrates and describe the molecular details of enzymatic recognition of the key tRNA identity elements in the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop." SIGNOR-270477 CTSH protein P09668 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Arg94 IGFQEAYrRFYGPV -1 9076588 t miannu "This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42." SIGNOR-256325 dimethyloxalylglycine chemical CHEBI:102218 ChEBI EGLN2 protein Q96KS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000018 28900510 t lperfetto "We treated the A549 cells with the following EGLN/PHD inhibitors: dimethyloxalyglycine (DMOG), CoCl2, inhibitors of dioxygenases, and BAY 85-3494 (BAY), a specific inhibitor of EGLNs with highest potency against EGLN1." SIGNOR-261992 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT PCSK9 protein Q8NBP7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21123766 t miannu "Recent studies have demonstrated that PCSK9 mRNA expression was upregulated to a greater extent than that of the LDL receptor in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Our findings also support the role of SREBP-2 as a transcriptional regulator of both the LDL receptor and PCSK9 in human enterocytes." SIGNOR-254459 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser141 TVKQKYLsFTPPEKD 9606 BTO:0000007 16204230 t gcesareni "Pak2 is autophosphorylated at eight sites;ser-141 and ser-165 in the regulatory domain and thr-402 in the activation loop are identified as key sites in activation of the protein kinase." SIGNOR-140907 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr128 SKAQQGLyQVPGPSP 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Five tyrosine phosphorylation sites were identified in p130cas on tyr-128, tyr-249, tyr-306, tyr-327, and tyr-410. These tyrosine residues are all located in the substrate domain of p130cas that mediates binding to the sh2 domain of the adaptor molecule crk. Fgf-1-transduced fibroblasts demonstrated a > 10-fold increase in migration, an observation correlated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p125fak and p130cas." SIGNOR-98488 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256409 WNK4 protein Q96J92 UNIPROT STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr231 TRNKVRKtFVGTPCW 16990453 t lperfetto "Vitari et al. (76) and Moriguchi et al. (52) demonstrated that WNK4 bound and phosphorylated PASK at Thr-233 and Ser-373 in mammalian cells.| this phosphorylation event activates PASK, which in turn phosphorylates and activates NKCC1" SIGNOR-264640 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 20110348 t gcesareni "Protein phosphatase 2a reactivates foxo3a through a dynamic interplay with 14-3-3 and aktpp2a-mediated dephosphorylation of t32/s253 is required for dissociation of 14-3-3, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation of foxo3a." SIGNOR-163684 CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 t "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-256103 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr705 WKLQRAItILDTEKS 9534 BTO:0000298 14523239 t lperfetto "We found that mutation of S800 to alanine significantly reduced the PMA-induced enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents and the direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Mutation of S502 to alanine reduced PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents, but had no effect on direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Conversely, mutation of T704 to alanine had no effect on PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents but dramatically reduced direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA." SIGNOR-249235 RHOH protein Q15669 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0004850 18089848 t irozzo "Therefore, RhoH functions as a Rac1 antagonist by inhibiting Rac1 translocation to the cell plasma membrane in the regulation of cell migration and F-actin assembly of HPCs" SIGNOR-259085 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr183 ACTNFMMtPYVVTRY -1 11062067 t "MKK7 phosphorylates SAPK2a p38 exclusively at Tyr-182. Stress-activated protein kinase 1 (SAPK1), also called c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), becomes activated in vivo in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines or cellular stresses. Its full activation requires the phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif, which can be catalysed by the protein kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)4 and MKK7." SIGNOR-251417 NR5A2 protein O00482 UNIPROT HSD3B2 protein P26439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001555 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254873 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1934 LFRQQAGsGLSEEDA 28882890 t "Phosphosite is derived from Figure 2" lperfetto "C-terminal phosphorylation of NaV1.5 impairs FGF13-dependent regulation of channel inactivation| Of 19 native NaV1.5 phosphorylation sites identified, two C-terminal phosphoserines at positions 1938 and 1989 showed increased phosphorylation in the CaMKIIδc-Tg compared with the WT ventricles." SIGNOR-275782 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1985 DSVTRATsDNLQVRG 28882890 t "Phosphosite is derived from Figure 2" lperfetto "C-terminal phosphorylation of NaV1.5 impairs FGF13-dependent regulation of channel inactivation| Of 19 native NaV1.5 phosphorylation sites identified, two C-terminal phosphoserines at positions 1938 and 1989 showed increased phosphorylation in the CaMKIIδc-Tg compared with the WT ventricles." SIGNOR-275783 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser561 PFLSRHNsKSSIFSF 9606 BTO:0000938 32611770 t lperfetto "CaMKII enhances voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6 activity and neuronal excitability|mmobilized peptide arrays and nanoflow LC-electrospray ionization/MS of Nav1.6 reveal potential sites of CaMKII phosphorylation, specifically Ser-561 and Ser-641/Thr-642 within the first intracellular loop of the channel." SIGNOR-275784 ANAPC2 protein Q9UJX6 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252002 4-trimethylammoniobutanal smallmolecule CHEBI:18020 ChEBI 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate smallmolecule CHEBI:16244 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11802770 t miannu "Aldolytic cleavage of HTML yields 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMABA) and glycine, a reaction catalysed by HTML aldolase (HTMLA; EC 4.1.2.‘X’). Dehydrogenation of TMABA by TMABA dehydrogenase (TMABA-DH; EC 1.2.1.47) results in the formation of 4-Ntrimethylaminobutyrate (butyrobetaine)." SIGNOR-269696 "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260668 1-methyl-5-[[2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-benzimidazolamine chemical CHEBI:91451 ChEBI RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206385 HCRTR2 protein O43614 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257124 MAPKAPK3 protein Q16644 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser15 FSLLRGPsWDPFRDW -1 8774846 t miannu "MAPKAP kinase-3 and MAPKAP kinase-2 phosphorylated peptide substrates with similar kinetic constants and phosphorylated the same serine residues in HSP27 at the same relative rates.The three serine residues in HSP27 phosphorylated by MAPKAPK2 were also phosphorylated at the same relative rates by MAPKAP-K3 (Ser-82>>Ser-78 >Ser-15)" SIGNOR-250159 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 20530484 t miannu "BEST1 promoter activity was increased by SOX9 overexpression and decreased by siRNA-mediated SOX9 knockdown. SOX9 physically interacted with MITF and OTX2 and orchestrated synergistic activation of the BEST1 promoter with the paired SOX site playing essential roles." SIGNOR-255183 OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257310 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser304 LSSYGMDsRPPMAIF -1 8226933 t "MEK1 and MEK2 can also be activated by autophosphorylation. Tyrosine 304 may be a candidate for the autophosphorylation site in MEK1." SIGNOR-251415 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser272 CSLERQLsLEQEVQQ 9606 BTO:0000567 12670876 t lperfetto "Intriguingly, a significant difference in the potency of nonredox-type inhibitors (but not of BWA4C) was determined between wild-type 5-LO and the mutant S271A/S663A-5-LO (lacking phosphorylation sites for ERK1/2 and MAPKAPK-2) in HeLa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that compared with Ca2+-mediated 5-LO product formation, enzyme activation involving 5-LO phosphorylation events specifically and strongly alters the susceptibility of 5-LO toward nonredox-type inhibitors in intact cells." SIGNOR-264441 2-[3-[[7-[3-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propoxy]-4-quinazolinyl]amino]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide chemical CHEBI:91367 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190245 KNSTRN protein Q9Y448 UNIPROT KIF2B protein Q8N4N8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001938 22535524 t lperfetto "The protein astrin has been shown to remove Kif2b from kinetochores in metaphase through competitive binding of CLASP1 (Manning et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle). During prometaphase, Aurora B kinase activity prevents astrin from localizing to kinetochores (Manning et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle; Schmidt et al., 2010 blue right-pointing triangle). This permits Kif2b to localize to kinetochores to destabilize k-MT attachments to execute error correction through Plk1-dependent recruitment and activation." SIGNOR-252053 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1227 PPSSTDRsPYEKVSA BTO:0000567 9819408 t lperfetto "GSK3beta binds directly to an STDRSPYE site in MUC1 and phosphorylates the serine adjacent to proline. Phosphorylation of MUC1 by GSK3beta decreases binding of MUC1 to beta-catenin in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-249356 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NES protein P48681 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr315 AENSRLQtPGGGSKT 10090 BTO:0000165 12832492 t llicata "We identify nestin as a novel in vivo target for cdk5 and p35 kinase, a critical signaling determinant in development. Two cdk5-specific phosphorylation sites on nestin, Thr-1495 and Thr-316, were established, the latter of which was used as a marker for cdk5-specific phosphorylation in vivo. | Cdk5 activity is necessary for differentiation and the concomitant nestin reorganization in C2C12 myoblasts." SIGNOR-250670 PDP1 protein Q9P0J1 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 20208177 t "Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDP) is a mitochondrial serine phosphatase that activates phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-251664 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser313 LDLEESSsSDHAERP 10029 BTO:0000246 7876239 t "The alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor (alpha 2AAR) undergoes rapid functional desensitization caused by phosphorylation of the receptor by the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK). beta ARK-mediated phosphorylation of alpha 2C10 occurs at Ser-296-299 in the third intracellular loop, and this represents the critical step in rapid agonist-promoted desensitization." SIGNOR-251442 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI S100A8 protein P05109 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001044 16690079 t miannu "S100 proteins comprise the largest family of calcium-binding proteins. Members of this family usually form homo- or heterodimers, which may associate to higher-order oligomers in a calcium-dependent manner. The heterodimers of S100A8 and S100A9 represent the major calcium-binding proteins in phagocytes. Both proteins regulate migration of these cells via modulation of tubulin polymerization." SIGNOR-261935 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT Fatty_Acid_Biosynthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH190 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9356448 f miannu "Our model of the native fatty acid synthase (FAS) depicts it as a dimer of two identical multifunctional proteins (Mr approximately 272,000) arranged in an antiparallel configuration so that the active Cys-SH of the beta-ketoacyl synthase of one subunit (where the acyl group is attached) is juxtaposed within 2 A of the pantetheinyl-SH of the second subunit (where the malonyl group is bound). This arrangement generates two active centers for fatty acid synthesis and predicts that if we have two appropriate halves of the monomer, we should be able to reconstitute an active fatty acid-synthesizing site" SIGNOR-268159 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21620960 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. In addition, phosphorylation of afx by protein kinase b inhibits its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252515 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 20138985 t lperfetto "Pras40 is an insulin-regulated inhibitor of the mtorc1 protein kinase. Insulin stimulates akt/pkb-mediated phosphorylation of pras40, which prevents its inhibition of mtorc1 in cells and in vitro. Phosphorylation of pras40 on thr246 by pkb/akt facilitates efficient phosphorylation of ser183 by mtorc1." SIGNOR-252539 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser432 SAYGGLTsPGLSYSL 9606 BTO:0000182 16554440 t "K8 Ser431-P is a physiologic substrate to PP2A during hyposmotic conditions and possibly other biologic contexts." SIGNOR-248588 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser409 HGLSLIPsTGLCSPD 9606 21749389 t "The effect has been demonstrated using O75030-9" gcesareni "The current study reveals that c-kit signaling triggers two phosphorylation events on mi, which up-regulate transactivation potential yet simultaneously target mi for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The specific activation/degradation signals derive from mapk/erk targeting of serine 73, whereas serine 409 serves as a substrate for p90 rsk-1. An unphosphorylatable double mutant at these two residues is at once profoundly stable and transcriptionally inert." SIGNOR-174760 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21041482 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266968 TRIM37 protein O94972 UNIPROT TRIM37 protein O94972 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 14561866 t miannu "In this paper, we present data showing that TRIM37, a member of the TRIM subfamily of RING finger proteins, is autoubiquitinated in a RING domain-dependent manner.  However, we feel tempted to speculate that the most likely mechanism, in which TRIM37-mediated ubiquitination could be involved, is proteasomal degradation of a target protein and, possibly, its own turnover." SIGNOR-271503 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CASR protein P41180 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr888 FKVAARAtLRRSNVS 9606 BTO:0000007 12356761 t lperfetto "Expression of a mutant CaR in which the major PKC phosphorylation site is altered by substitution of alanine for threonine (T888A) eliminated oscillatory behavior, producing [Ca(2+)](i) responses almost identical to those produced by the wild type CaR exposed to PKC inhibitors. These results support a model in which phosphorylation of the CaR at the inhibitory threonine 888 by PKC provides the negative feedback needed to cause [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations mediated by this receptor." SIGNOR-249176 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17183360 t gcesareni "By contrast, after uv stimulation, rela directly induces the expression of pkcdelta, which in turn activates jnk." SIGNOR-151428 naloxone chemical CHEBI:7459 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258770 HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257443 COLGALT1 protein Q8NBJ5 UNIPROT COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation -1 19075007 t "Recombinant GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 enzymes showed a strong galactosyltransferase activity toward various types of collagen and toward the serum mannose-binding lectin MBL, which contains a collagen domain. Amino acid analysis of the products of GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 reactions confirmed the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine residues." SIGNOR-261152 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT C1R protein P00736 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser206 TEASGYIsSLEYPRS -1 8635594 t llicata "We provide evidence that this kinase phosphorylates Clr at the level of Ser189. | Accessibility of Ser189 was low in intact C1r, due in part to the presence of one of the oligosaccharides borne by the alpha region, further reduced in the presence of calcium, and abolished when C1r was incorporated into the C1s-C1r-C1r-C1s tetramer or the C1 complex." SIGNOR-250833 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-252322 TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17700533 f miannu "Like p53, its homolog p73 transactivates proapoptotic genes and induces cell death." SIGNOR-255473 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser245 PSTSPRAsVTEESWL 9606 12351631 t lperfetto "Here we show that overexpression of pka causes phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation of nf-atc1 in direct opposition to calcineurin by phosphorylating ser-245, ser-269, and ser-294 in the conserved serine-proline repeat domainwe further show that a complete block of nf-atc1 nuclear localization by pka requires a second kinase activity that can be supplied by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3)" SIGNOR-93531 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp329 EMEEDSYdSFGEPSY -1 10069390 t lperfetto "In decreasing order of activity, caspase-8, -3, -1, -6 and -7 proteolysed PS2 at the recognition site D326SYD329." SIGNOR-261749 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser7 sDSEEEVC -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250791 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT BLNK protein Q8WV28 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr84 EHSDSEMyVMPAEEN 9606 BTO:0000776 12456653 t llicata "The phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues not only amplifies plcgamma-mediated signaling but also supports 'cis'-mediated interaction between distinct signaling effectors within a large molecular complex." SIGNOR-96048 ARID5B protein Q14865 UNIPROT TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29326336 f miannu "ARID5B positively regulates the expression of TAL1 and its regulatory partners. we also observed that ARID5B regulates the expression of four major components of the TAL1 complex (namely, TAL1,GATA3, RUNX1, and MYB) in Jurkat cells. Knockdown of ARID5B resulted in reductions of the H3K27ac signals at those enhancer loci (Supplemental Fig. S6E–H) and down-regulation of all four factors at the mRNA (Fig. 6E) and protein levels (Fig. 6F)." SIGNOR-256157 BCKDK protein O14874 UNIPROT BCKDHA protein P12694 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser337 TYRIGHHsTSDDSSA 9606 BTO:0001103;BTO:0000142;BTO:0000562;BTO:0000671 3947057 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation sites and inactivation of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase isolated from rat heart, bovine kidney, and rabbit liver, kidney, heart, brain, and skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-25084 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr133 KLPTDNQtKKPETYL 9606 BTO:0000130 17217339 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the cytosolic factor p47phox is essential for activation of the nadph oxidase.We found that thr133, ser288 and thr356, targets for irak-4 phosphorylation in vitro, are also phosphorylated in endogenous p47phox after lps stimulation. We conclude that irak-4 phosphorylates p47phox and regulates nadph oxidase activation after lps stimulation." SIGNOR-152023 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK2 protein Q9HBY8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15209375 t gcesareni "One of the most studiedevents controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of aof agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated." SIGNOR-126177 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT SNAIL/RELA/PARP1 complex SIGNOR-C198 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000452;BTO:0002625 22223884 t alessandro "Therefore, we conclude that the endogenous proteins PARP1, p65NF-κB and Snail1 form a ternary complex in the nuclei of cells that are actively expressing fibronectin" SIGNOR-254526 HIRA protein P54198 UNIPROT "HIRA complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C461 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30285846 t miannu "H3.3 is an ancient and conserved H3 variant and plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation. HIRA complex, which is composed of HIRA, UBN1 or UBN2, and Cabin1, is a H3.3 specific chaperone complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the UBN1 or UBN2 subunit is mainly responsible for specific recognition and direct binding of H3.3 by the HIRA complex." SIGNOR-269434 TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11468175 t "GILZ inhibits NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding due to a direct protein-to-protein interaction of GILZ with the NF-kappaB subunits." SIGNOR-253299 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser656 RAEFLNKsVQKSSGV 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 8182108 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of both intact caldesmon and of its c-terminal fragment (658c), containing residues 658-756, significantly decreased their ability to inhibit acto-heavy meromyosin atpase." SIGNOR-36792 GABRG2 protein P18507 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263761 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT ATG13 protein O75143 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19211837 t gcesareni "Mtor phosphorylates a mammalian homologue of atg13 and the mammalian atg1 homologues ulk1 and ulk2." SIGNOR-183965 NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16606617 f irozzo "We also show that ASXL1 associates specifically with SRC-1 and cooperates synergistically in the transcriptional activation. Further data indicated that the transactivation domain (AD; amino acids 300–655) of ASXL1, newly defined in this study, interacts with the C-terminal AD2 (amino acids 1217–1441) of SRC-1, suggesting that one AD cooperates with the other AD in transcriptional activation by RAR." SIGNOR-255932 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 BTO:0000567 10673501 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-75017 EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr616 FYAEPHTyEEPGRAG 9606 BTO:0000007 10498895 t "Tyr-615 and Tyr-838 are major autophosphorylation sites of the EphA8 receptor. phosphorylation of Tyr-615 is critical for determining the association with Fyn whereas the integrity of Tyr-838 phosphorylation is required for efficient phosphorylation at Tyr-615 as well as other major sites." SIGNOR-251120 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255503 CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Lys76 YRLVSINkSSPLQKQ -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263560 "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "The most abundant signaling protein in the PSD fraction is Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which makes up 1 to 2% of the total protein in the forebrain (21). CaMKII is a target for Ca2+ flowing through the NMDA receptor and is necessary for normal synaptic plasticity in pyramidal neurons. The cytosolic tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor bind to CaMKII and thus can serve as docking sites for it in the PSD" SIGNOR-264214 CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT "L-cysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:35235 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275824 CTH protein P32929 UNIPROT "L-homocysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58199 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000671;BTO:0000759;BTO:0002688 19961860 t lperfetto "the role of CSE in this reaction pathway is to convert l-cystathionine into l-cysteine whilst generating α-ketobutyrate and ammonia (Fig. 1). The reaction proceeds via an α,γ-elimination mechanism where the C–γ–S bond of l-cystathionine is specifically cleaved to yield l-cysteine.12 Defects in this metabolic pathway are associated with cystathioninuria, l-cysteine deficiency and subsequent impairment of glutathione metabolism, as well as higher plasma homocysteine concentrations.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Besides its role in the conversion of l-cystathionine into l-cysteine, studies have also shown that CSE can utilize l-cysteine as a substrate for producing H2S via an α,β-elimination reaction (Fig. 1).18, 19, 20 However, to date, no reports have clearly demonstrated the residues that affect CSE-mediated H2S production." SIGNOR-275825 "L-homocysteine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58199 ChEBI "L-cystathionine dizwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58161 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 23981774 t lperfetto "Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of homocysteine with serine to generate cystathionine." SIGNOR-275826 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16273260 t gcesareni "Human wnt5a, wnt5b and wnt11 are non-canonical wnt ligands transducing pcp signals through fzd3 or fzd6 receptors." SIGNOR-253129 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18719589 f "induction of mitochondrial biogenesis" fspada "Bmp7 activates a full program of brown adipogenesis including induction of early regulators of brown fat fate prdm16 (pr-domain-containing 16;ref. 4) and pgc-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) coactivator-1alpha;ref. 5), increased expression of the brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and adipogenic transcription factors ppargamma and ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase-(also known as mapk14) and pgc-1-dependent pathways" SIGNOR-180308 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser183 CPHHERCsDSDGLAP 9606 22611192 t gcesareni "We show that aurora b phosphorylates p53 at s183, t211, and s215 to accelerate the degradation of p53 through the polyubiquitination-proteasome pathway, thus functionally suppressing the expression of p53 target genes involved in cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis (e.g., p21 and puma)." SIGNOR-197598 ARHGEF11 protein O15085 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260538 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT NCK2 protein O43639 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10026169 t esanto "Growth factor binding to receptor protein tyrosine kinases (r-ptks)1 induces their dimerization and trans-phosphorylation, creating docking sites for proteins containing sh2 and ptb protein interaction domains. Nck binds to the pdgf and egfr receptors (figure 3c)." SIGNOR-64731 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 21071439 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-270027 IL34 protein Q6ZMJ4 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 24890514 t apalma "The CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) is activated by the homodimeric growth factors colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34)" SIGNOR-255569 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser343 TRLEPVYsPPGSPPP 9606 BTO:0000567 10806207 t llicata "Rskb, a 90-kda ribosomal s6 protein kinase family (rsk) member with two complete catalytic domains connected by a linker, is activated through p38- and erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases. unlike other rsks, the activation loop phosphorylation sites of both catalytic domains of rskb, ser(196) and thr(568), were required for activity. Rskb activation depended on phosphorylation of linker ser(343) and ser(360) and associated with phosphorylation of nonconserved ser(347), but ser(347)-deficient rskb retained partial activity." SIGNOR-77208 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 30283340 f miannu "Herein, we observed that overexpression of MYCT1 induced apoptosis in HL-60 and KG-1a cells, and upregulated Bax, downregulated Bcl-2, and enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9. Similar proapoptotic role of MYCT1 was also found in the AML cell xenografts. These results suggest that MYCT1 affects AML cell apoptosis by modulating the endogenous apoptotic pathways." SIGNOR-261942 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT RALGAPA2 protein Q2PPJ7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser486 SSWGRTYsFTSAMSR 10090 SIGNOR-C469 21148297 t miannu "RGC2 is an endogenous substrate for Akt2 downstream of PI 3-kinase. kt2 directly phosphorylated all three sites on RGC2 (Figure 5A)." SIGNOR-269797 KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‚Äê and di‚Äê methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-265354 NKX6-3 protein A6NJ46 UNIPROT GKN1 protein Q9NS71 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001007 26314965 t Luana " In particular, NKX6.3 transcriptional factor was found to bind specifically to the upstream sequences of GKN1, a gastric-specific tumor suppressor, and dramatically increase expression of the latter. " SIGNOR-266096 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20457564 f gcesareni "The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway has long been considered a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway, largely based on the role of NF-kappaB in the expression of proinflammatory genes including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules." SIGNOR-245039 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RANBP2 protein P49792 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2251 ASPLASSerPVRKNL -1 26051540 t irozzo "Cdk1 phosphorylates conserved sites within RanBP2 and activates BicD2 binding and early dynein recruitment." SIGNOR-259119 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR ANLN protein Q9NQW6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 16040610 t miannu " Ubiquitination of anillin required a destruction-box and was mediated by Cdh1, an activator of APC/C. Overexpression of Cdh1 reduced the levels of anillin, whereas inactivation of APC/C(Cdh1) increased the half-life of anillin." SIGNOR-272655 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser536 SGDEDFSsIADMDFS 9606 SIGNOR-C13 15489227 t gcesareni "Overexpressed ikkepsilon and tbk1 phosphorylate ser-536 in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-129943 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17081971 f amattioni "The interaction of beta-catenin with the N terminus of tcf/lef transiently converts it into an activator, translating the Wnt signal into the transient transcription of Tcf target genes. The Wnt pathway has distinct transcriptional outputs, which are determined by the identity of the responding cell, and range from cell proliferation and survival to the terminal differentiation of postmitotic cells." SIGNOR-229764 UHRF2 protein Q96PU4 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 21952639 t miannu "We found that NIRF directly ubiquitinated cyclins D1 and E1, as evidenced by the appearance of the tail (Fig. 4B). In summary, the above findings suggest that NIRF tightly cooperates with the core cell cycle machinery and induces G1 arrest, which is accompanied by ubiquitination of cyclins D1 and E1." SIGNOR-271886 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr218 TAANSRDtIFQKERF 9606 19366211 t llicata "This study identifies novel in vitro pkcdelta autophosphorylation sites at thr(141) adjacent to the pseudosubstrate domain, thr(218) in the c1a-c1b interdomain, ser(295), ser(302), and ser(304) in the hinge region, and ser(503) adjacent to thr(505) in the activation loop." SIGNOR-185303 CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val58 KGVTVETvFSVDEFS -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263583 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004475 12556498 t irozzo "FLI-1 represses the transcriptional activity of EKLF.Our data indicate that the ETS domain of FLI-1 is absolutely required to inhibit EKLF activity. Since the FLI-1 ETS domain interacts with the DNA binding domain of EKLF, one possibility could be that FLI-1 inhibits the binding of EKLF to its DNA targets" SIGNOR-256044 GRSF1 protein Q12849 UNIPROT FASTKD5 protein Q7L8L6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25683715 f miannu "DHX30 siRNA treatment resulted in an increase of FASTKD2 levels, and FASTKD5 was increased in cells treated with siRNA for GRSF1." SIGNOR-261224 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser551 ELQAPVRsPITRSFA 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249397 MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0005387 19584257 f lperfetto "However, we show that soluble factors secreted by SUM102 breast cancer cells stimulated the expression of MMP-1 and CXCR4 in HMFs. As a result, these stromal cells acquired an invasive and migratory phenotype" SIGNOR-252265 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT CIR1 protein Q86X95 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9874765 t amattioni "In the mechanism of cbf1-mediated repression, cbf1 binds to a unique corepressor cir. Targeting of cir to cbf1 is an important component of repression. Cir binds to histone deacetylase and to sap30 and serves as a linker between cbf1 and the histone deacetylase complex." SIGNOR-62932 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr246 LPRPRLNtSDFQKLK 9606 BTO:0000007 12524439 t gcesareni "Treatment of these cells with 4-hydroxytamoxifen stimulated the phosphorylation of wt PRAS40 but not the mutant PRAS40 in which Thr-246 was mutated. These results demonstrate that activation of Akt alone is sufficient to induce phosphorylation of PRAS40" SIGNOR-252544 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1738 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248813 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser246 FPKSRLSsVSVTYCS 9606 19182667 t lperfetto "Camkii caused ets-2 phosphorylation.Serine 246, 310, and 313 were the targets. Camkii to phosphorylates ets-2, thus altering ets-2 binding to its downstream promoters" SIGNOR-183596 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser625 PIVGSNGsSRLQDSR 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262924 AP2S1 protein P53680 UNIPROT "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 31671891 t lperfetto "The most important endocytic adaptor is the heterotetrameric AP-2 complex made up of the large alpha- and beta2-adaptin subunits, the medium-sized mu2-subunit and a small sigma2-subunit" SIGNOR-260421 CUX2 protein O14529 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 26221032 f miannu "Genetic inactivation in mouse embryo fibroblasts or CUX2 knockdown in HCC38 cells delayed DNA repair and increased DNA damage. These results demonstrate that CUX2 functions as an accessory factor that stimulates the repair of oxidative DNA damage" SIGNOR-263958 ROBO2 protein Q9HCK4 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" -1 16226035 t miannu "Slit2 causes the miRNA miR-182 to release cofilin1 mRNA, potentiating cofilin1 local translation and resulting in growth cone collapse. The use of morpholinos or RNAi to knockdown robo2 and robo3 in X. laevis RGCs, would be useful to further confirm that Robo2 and Robo3 are the receptors involved in Slit2-dependent cofilin1 translation." SIGNOR-268378 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr264 FAFSGGLyGGLPPTH -1 11104670 t "Tyrosine phosphorylation of NIPP1 by Lyn was abolished by the Tyr-264 to Asp mutation." SIGNOR-251405 spiperone chemical CHEBI:9233 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258692 α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23431053 t miannu "The trimeric complex of alfa-catenin, 14-3-3, and yap sequesters yap at ajs and prevents yap dephosphorylation/activation." SIGNOR-265823 GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) chemical CHEBI:58885 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26882899 t miannu "Glycogenin initiates the first step of glycogen synthesis by self glycosylation of a short 8–12 glucose oligosaccharide primer. Glycogen synthase (GYS) elongates the glucose oligossacharide primer, which utilises UDP-glucose as the glucosyl donor." SIGNOR-267938 CASC3 protein O15234 UNIPROT "Exon junction complex" complex SIGNOR-C369 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16923391 t miannu "The EJC is deposited onto mRNA during splicing and is transported to the cytoplasm where it influences translation, surveillance, and localization of the spliced mRNA. The complex is formed by the association of four proteins (eIF4AIII, Barentsz [Btz], Mago, and Y14), mRNA, and ATP." SIGNOR-265241 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 RSQELRKtFKEIICC 9606 12639913 t miannu "Activation of MC4R by agonist is associated with protein kinase A (PKA) and GRK phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues in the C-terminal tail of MC4R, followed by -arrestin and dynamin-dependent internalization of the receptor. Thr312 and Ser329/330 in the C-terminal tail of MC4R are potential sites for PKA" SIGNOR-250017 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR LTN1 protein O94822 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271149 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT HSPA9 protein P38646 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr62 VVGIDLGtTNSCVAV 9606 17573779 t lperfetto "Mortalin binds to mps1, and is phosphorylated by mps1 on thr62 and ser65. The phosphorylated mortalin then super-activates mps1 in a feedback manner. Mps1-associated acceleration of centrosome duplication depends on the presence of mortalin and super-activation by the thr62/ser65 phosphorylated mortalin" SIGNOR-156185 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT RGS16 protein O15492 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr168 TLMEKDSyPRFLKSP -1 12588871 t "Lyn kinase phosphorylated recombinant RGS16 in vitro. Induction of RGS16 tyrosine phosphorylation was associated with increased RGS16 protein levels and enhanced GAP activity in cell membranes." SIGNOR-251410 "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Gly1446 TPLQLFEgRRNRRRR -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263439 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 20626350 f lperfetto "On the other hand, p38 alfa may negatively modulate akt activity, indipendently of pi3k by regulating the interaction between caveolin 1 and pp2a through a mechanism dependent on cell attachment." SIGNOR-244461 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 IDENCLLsPLAGEDD 9606 12351702 t gcesareni "Taken together, these findings suggest that jnk-mediated phosphorylation of the gr-ser226 enhances gr nuclear export and may contribute to termination of gr-mediated transcription." SIGNOR-93558 RAD50 protein Q92878 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17713585 t fstefani "To organize the mrn complex, the mre11 exonuclease directly binds nbs1, dna, and rad50." SIGNOR-157478 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT LTBR protein P36941 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001615 22470139 f miannu "Efficient knockdown of WWTR1, demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR, led to upregulation of ASNS and downregulation of SMAD3, LTBR, BAX and BAK1 in WWTR1 knockdown cells, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the repression of cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255604 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265841 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 23124025 t lperfetto "Although the receptor-associated tyrosine kinases Jak2 and Tyk2 are activated after the recruitment of IL-13 to its receptor (containing IL-4R and IL-13R1), IL-4 stimulates Jak1 activation." SIGNOR-249529 "9-cis-retinoic acid" chemical CHEBI:50648 ChEBI RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18321241 t miannu "Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a unique panagonist retinoid, capable of binding to all six known retinoid receptors (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma)." SIGNOR-259234 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10321728 t miannu "We identified a human F-box/WD40 repeats protein (HOS), which is homologous to Slimb/h betaTrCP. Being a part of SCF complex with Skp1 and Cullin1, HOS specifically interacted with the phosphorylated IkappaB and beta-catenin, targeting these proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation in vivo. " SIGNOR-272544 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 16452206 f gcesareni "The mtor inhibitory drug rapamycin up-regulates irs-1 protein levels and induces akt phosphorylation, protein kinase activity, and downstream signaling." SIGNOR-144159 FBXO6 protein Q9NRD1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27855403 t miannu "Ero1L is a ubiquitination substrate of FBXO6. FBXO6 mediates the degradation of Ero1L through a ubiquitylation-dependent pathway. Overexpression of FBXO6 increased the polyubiquitination and decreased the stability of Ero1L, whereas inhibition of FBXO6 prolonged the half-life of Ero1L. FBXO6 is the substrate recognition component of a Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin E3 ligase complex" SIGNOR-272331 RPS2 protein P15880 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262431 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr32 QNHFVDEyDPTIEDS 9606 BTO:0000007 26617336 t miannu "Here we identify SHP2 as the ubiquitously expressed tyrosine phosphatase that preferentially binds to and dephosphorylates Ras to increase its association with Raf and activate downstream proliferative Ras/ERK/MAPK signalling." SIGNOR-255754 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT TSHB protein P01222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001073 9305891 t scontino "Pit-1, is necessary but not sufficient to allow basal transcription of the mTSHβ gene.The analysis of the mTSHβ gene described in this report provides evidence for the participation of a zinc finger factor, GATA-2, with a POU homeodomain partner, Pit-1, on a such a composite element.In summary, we have shown the requirement for at least two different classes of transcription factors to regulate mTSHβ gene expression. Both GATA-2 and Pit-1 can bind independently to the P1 region of the promoter, form a heteromeric complex with DNA, and functionally synergize to activate TSHβ promoter activity." SIGNOR-267253 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser302 GRGGRGGsRARNLPL 9606 10329716 t lperfetto "Ser302 is a major k protein site phosphorylated by pkcdelta in vitrothe ability of pkc_ to inducibly bind and phosphorylate k protein may serve not only to alter the activity of k protein itself, but k protein may also provide an avenue for pkc_ to engage in a cross-talk with other k protein molecular partners in response to specific changes in the extracellular environment" SIGNOR-67515 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000150 17478088 t gcesareni "Oestrogen receptors (er)alpha and beta modify the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation through binding to oestrogen response elements (eres) located in a number of gene promoters." SIGNOR-154660 N-[4-[3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:91467 ChEBI ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189945 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19293931 t lperfetto "In the absence of secreted wnt ligands, cytosolic beta-catenin is phosphorylated at ser45 by the priming kinase casein kinase 1 (ck1). Consequently, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3), in complex with axin and adenomatous polyposis coli (apc), phosphorylates beta-catenin at thr41, ser37, and ser33 apc cooperates with axin to promote the phosphorylation of b-catenin by gsk3 [which requires priming phosphorylation by casein kinase 1, alpha-isoform (ck1alpha)]" SIGNOR-227964 GNE protein Q9Y223 UNIPROT "N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57666 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10745088 t lperfetto "UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase is a bifunctional enzyme and catalyzes the first two steps of neuraminic acid synthesis in the cytosol, the conversion of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to ManAc and the phosphorylation to ManAc-6-phosphate." SIGNOR-266074 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 EYVQTVKsSKGGPGS 9606 24103589 t lperfetto "The authors identified several phosphorylated residues by a combination of peptide mapping and sequence analysis and showed that recombinant pp60c-src phosphorylates annexin a1 near its amino terminus, at tyrosine 21 (tyr21). Also polyoma virus middle t/pp60c-src complex, recombinant pp50v-abl, and the egf receptor/kinase phosphorylated the same tyrosine residue. It was also shown that serine 27 residue of anxa1 is the primary site phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc). In the same study, the threonine 41 residue has been identified as a pkc substrate as well. The adenosine cyclic 3_,5_-phosphate dependent protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylates anxa1 in its carboxyl-terminal core at the threonine 216 residue (thr216) [2].The phosphorylation of serine 27 is essential for annexin a1 membrane localization." SIGNOR-202780 SLC34A3 protein Q8N130 UNIPROT phosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000671 11880379 t lperfetto "Growth is critically dependent on the retention of a variety of nutrients. The kidney contributes to this positive external balance. In the present study, we isolated a cDNA from the human and rat kidney that encodes a growth-related Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate (P(i)) cotransporter (type IIc)." SIGNOR-270577 romidepsin chemical CHEBI:61080 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257995 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser742 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 9606 10197446 t llicata "These results provide direct evidence that pkd becomes activated in vivo as a consequence of pkc-mediated phosphorylation of serines 744 and 748." SIGNOR-66670 AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT TRPC6 protein Q9Y210 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24850910 f "We demonstrated that Ang II evokes concentration-dependent activation of podocyte TRPC6 channels" SIGNOR-253331 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr341 GQRDSSYyWEIEASE 10090 BTO:0001482 8876196 t " JAK2 phosphorylated Raf-1. e sites at 340/341 are indeed phosphorylated by JAK2 and that this phosphorylation represents a major component of the activation process." SIGNOR-251362 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 GAVPSEAtKRDQNLK 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262925 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT KATNA1 protein O75449 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser109 VPVERRPsPGPRKRQ 9606 BTO:0000007 19287380 t miannu "DYRK2 mediated phosphorylation is required for Katanin p60 degradation. Serine 42, serine 109 and threonine 133 are likely to be the major DYRK2 phosphorylation sites as single mutations for these sites showed reduced phosphorylation by DYRK2 and the triple mutant showed almost no DYRK2 mediated phosphorylation (Fig. 5d)." SIGNOR-262847 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RFWD3 protein Q6PCD5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270991 RNF220 protein Q5VTB9 UNIPROT SIN3B protein O75182 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20170641 t miannu "Here we identify RNF220 (RING finger protein 220) as a novel ubiquitin ligase for Sin3B. RNF220 specifically interacts with Sin3B both in vitro and in vivo. Sin3B can be regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Co-expression of RNF220 promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Sin3B." SIGNOR-271943 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr576 RYMEDSTyYKASKGK 9606 BTO:0000671 15694384 t llicata "Once stimulated, fak undergoes autophosphorylation at tyrosine (y) 397, followed by phosphorylation of several sites including y576/y577 which increases fak's kinase activity, as well as at y407, y861, and y925." SIGNOR-133841 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ARID4A protein P29374 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1007 QHNFSVAsPLTLSQD 9606 21148318 t lperfetto "We identified rbp1 as a novel cdk substrate. Rbp1 is phosphorylated by cdk2 on serines 864 and 1007, which are n- and c-terminal to the lxcxe motif, respectively. Cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of rbp1 or prb destabilizes their interaction in vitro, with concurrent phosphorylation of both proteins leading to their dissociation" SIGNOR-170451 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 12000790 t lperfetto "We conclude that a major role of axin in the wnt is to provide the kinase activity that initiates the beta-catenin phosphorylation cascade at s45. This process is mediated by cki, the alfa, delta, or epsilon isoform, all detected in association with axin by lc/ms." SIGNOR-227973 NPEPPS protein P55786 UNIPROT oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11062501 t "The proteasome generates exact major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands as well as NH2-terminal-extended precursor peptides| We performed in vitro peptide digests using recombinant PSA | PSA behaved exclusively as an aminopeptidase |BH and PSA act as complementary and redundant systems responsible for the final trimming of the correct NH2 terminus." SIGNOR-272467 AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10209155 t "Amphiregulin is an autocrine growth factor" lperfetto "ErbB ligands include: EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)_, and amphiregulin which only bind ErbB1" SIGNOR-67000 DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 f miannu "Nuclear DSCAM and DSCAML1 impair neurite outgrowth. this demonstrates that enhanced nuclear translocation of the DSCAM and DSCAML1 ICDs profoundly impairs neurite outgrowth and development of primary cortical neurons." SIGNOR-264276 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr110 PRSGVRGtPVRQRPD 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C83 12714602 t lperfetto "We reported that the dna helicase activity of the human and mouse mcm4-6-7 complex, a sub-complex of the mcm2-7 heterohexamer, is inhibited by the phosphorylation by cdk2-cyclin a we identified six sites, including ser-32, ser-53, and thr-109, in the amino-terminal region of mouse mcm4 that are required for the phosphorylation with cdk2-cyclin a." SIGNOR-100889 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR "Postsynaptic density assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH163 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0004249 23125836 f miannu "PKA is activated by Group I mGluRs in ACC neurons. The cAMP signaling pathway contributes to the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex" SIGNOR-264960 PPM1B protein O75688 UNIPROT PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 25631048 t "PPM1B can dephosphorylate the Pax2 activation domain and displace the adaptor protein PTIP, thus inhibiting H3K4 methylation and gene activation" SIGNOR-251712 BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17515904 t "We suggest that interactions of the BRCA2 C-terminal region with RAD51 may facilitate efficient nucleation of RAD51 multimers on DNA and thereby stimulate recombination-mediated repair." SIGNOR-259905 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr583 RRPPGLEyCYNPSHN 10116 BTO:0003293 19224897 t lperfetto "Autophosphorylation of Y653 is followed by the ordered autophosphorylation of several key tyrosine residues within binding sites for the SH2 or PTB domains of signaling proteins that bind to and are phosphorylated by activated FGFR1. This second-stage autophosphorylation occurs on Y583, in the kinase insert region (a noncatalytic sequence within the kinase domain), followed by autophosphorylation of Y463 in the juxtamembrane region, Y766 in the C-terminal tail, and Y585 in the kinase insert region" SIGNOR-235906 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr290 RQSVLVPyEPPQVGT 9606 19783996 t Manara "In cell lines, upon cisplatin treatment, c-Abl phosphorylates TAp63 on specific tyrosine residues. Such modifications affect p63 stability and induce a p63-dependent activation of proapoptotic promoters." SIGNOR-260933 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t lperfetto "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-244647 PBK protein Q96KB5 UNIPROT PRDX1 protein Q06830 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser32 QFKDISLsDYKGKYV 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000848;BTO:0001286 20647304 t lperfetto "We report that prx1 is newly discovered direct target of topk. Our results demonstrate that topk phosphorylation of prx1 at ser-32 inhibits uvb-induced apoptosis in rpmi7951 melanoma cells by increasing prx1 peroxidase activity and decreasing the intracellular accumulation of h2o2." SIGNOR-166901 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT PDC protein P20941 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser73 ERVSRKMsIQEYELI 11331285 t llicata "In this study, we report that Pd was rapidly phosphorylated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, resulting in 100-fold greater inhibition of Gbetagamma binding than cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, Pd phosphorylation by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II at Ser-54 and Ser-73 led to binding of the phosphoserine-binding protein 14-3-3." SIGNOR-250637 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 15821101 t gcesareni "Mechanism of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b-mediated inhibition of leptin signalling. Ptp1b plays a critical role in the down-regulation of activated-stat3 by dephosphorylating tyr705, that is the phosphorylation site of activation of stat3." SIGNOR-135211 MIPOL1 protein Q8TD10 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 31609475 f miannu "In our results, we also showed that re-expression of MIPOL1 is associated with suppression phosphorylation of AKT and p65, a subunit of NF-ҡB. This suggests that MIPOL1 may inhibit invasion by suppression of phosphorylation of AKT and p65 to further inhibit the expression of MMP-9" SIGNOR-261136 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser641 GKVYGKTsHLRAHLR 9606 19464346 t gcesareni "The hdac inhibitor tsa-induced cell-specific phosphatase release from the promoter, which serves as an 'on' mechanism for sp1 phosphorylation by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase czeta (pi3k/pkczeta) at ser641, leading to p107 repressor derecruitment and lhr transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-185741 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT NINL protein Q9Y2I6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser448 QGYRERLsLLRSEVE 9606 20864540 t lperfetto "Importantly, nlp is characterized as a novel substrate of aurora b and can be phosphorylated by aurora b. The specific phosphorylation sites are mapped at ser-185, ser-448, and ser-585. The phosphorylation at ser-448 and ser-585 is likely required for nlp association with aurora b and localization at midbody. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation at ser-185 is vital to nlp protein stability. Disruptions of these phosphorylation sites abolish cytokinesis and lead to chromosomal instability." SIGNOR-168049 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9534 8943354 t "Direct association with and dephosphorylation of Jak2 kinase by the SH2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1" SIGNOR-248466 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR GAPDH protein P04406 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser122 GAKRVIIsAPSADAP 10090 26626483 t miannu "Under glucose starvation, but not amino acid starvation, cytoplasmic GAPDH is phosphorylated on Ser122 by activated AMPK. This causes GAPDH to redistribute into the nucleus. Inside the nucleus, GAPDH interacts directly with Sirt1, displacing Sirt1's repressor and causing Sirt1 to become activated. " SIGNOR-267578 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257914 LMO3 protein Q8TAP4 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21573214 f miannu "Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the co-expression of LMO3 and HEN2 attenuates HES1 (a negative regulator for Mash1)-dependent reduction of luciferase activity driven by the Mash1 promoter." SIGNOR-254826 ZBTB14 protein O43829 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 10080939 f miannu "ZF5, which we have cloned as a transcriptional repressor on the mouse c-myc promoter" SIGNOR-220537 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser123 EEGFGSSsPVKSPAA 9606 16085715 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of serines 53 and 123 (s53 and s123) of wee1a by polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) and cdk, respectively, are required for binding to beta-trcp. During the s and g2 phases, s123 (wee1) is phosphorylated by a cdk (possibly cdk2)." SIGNOR-139469 HNuRF complex SIGNOR-C448 SIGNOR EN2 protein P19622 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 14609955 t miannu "Human NURF (hNURF) is enriched in brain, and we demonstrate that it regulates human Engrailed, a homeodomain protein that regulates neuronal development in the mid-hindbrain. Furthermore, we show that hNURF potentiates neurite outgrowth in cell culture. Taken together, our data suggess a role for an ISWI complex in neuronal growth. ) ChIP assays localize hNURF specifically to engrailed-1 (en-1) and engrailed-2 (en-2) promoters." SIGNOR-268840 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 phosphorylation:Ser1387 QPLSKSSsSPELQTL 20226003 t gcesareni "Gsk3 inhibits the mtor pathway by phosphorylating tsc2 in a manner dependent on ampk-priming phosphorylation." SIGNOR-164098 "denileukin diftitox" smallmolecule SID:125240988 ChEBI IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15757436 t miannu "Denileukin diftitox (DAB389IL-2; Ontak) is a novel recombinant fusion protein approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It consists of fragments of diphtheria toxin linked to human interleukin-2 and works by targeting the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expressed on malignant cells. " SIGNOR-259394 DRAM2 protein Q6UX65 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30755245 f irozzo "Here, we show that DRAM2 may act as an oncogenic regulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, DRAM2 overexpression increased the expression of proteins RAC1, RHOA, RHOC, ROCK1, and decreased RHOB expression, all of which are cell migration factors." SIGNOR-259141 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267426 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin. Dephosphorylated by ptpreand ptpn1 at tyr-999, tyr-1185, tyr-1189 and tyr-1190." SIGNOR-75898 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PLAG1 protein Q6DJT9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271068 GCSH protein P23434 UNIPROT "Glycine cleavage system" complex SIGNOR-C437 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16051266 t lperfetto "The glycine cleavage system is a mitochondrial multienzyme system composed of four proteins termed P, H, T and L-protein, and catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-H4folate), and reduced pyridine nucleotide." SIGNOR-268241 ANGPT1 protein Q15389 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 26042050 f lperfetto "Exogenous Ang-1 enhanced myogenic (MyoD and Myogenin) mRNA in differentiating myoblasts and increased myosin heavy chain protein." SIGNOR-241554 DVL1P1 protein P54792 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Taken together, these results suggest that site-specific dvl2 phosphorylation is required for dvl2 association with pkc_. This interaction is likely to be one of the mechanisms essential for wnt3a-dependent neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-199457 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT TIRAP protein P58753 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11544529 t fstefani "Mal (myd88-adapter-like) is required for toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction." SIGNOR-110337 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000152 15955695 f miannu "In cancer tissue, the expression levels of EAR-2, COUP-TF1, EARgamma, Snail, and Slug decrease, and aromatase expression is then up-regulated through the binding of ERRalpha to S1 and the binding of CREB1 or related factors to CREaro." SIGNOR-253792 OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257042 TBX22 protein Q9Y458 UNIPROT DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9031 BTO:0005956 20033915 t miannu "the main function of TBX22 as shown in misexpression experiments is to decrease proliferation. We subsequently uncovered three targets of TBX22, DLX5, MSX2, and TBX22 itself. All are downregulated in the presence of viral-derived hTBX22." SIGNOR-265566 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 20630875 t gcesareni "Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (mt) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. The kinases involved in phosphorylating stmn ser-16 and ser-63 include camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) and pak1, whereas stmn ser-25 and ser-38 have been shown to be targets for proline-directed serine/threonine kinases such as cyclin-dependent kinases, erk1/2, and members of the p38 mapk subfamily." SIGNOR-166686 CTSS protein P25774 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 11920402 f lperfetto "Cathepsins K and S have been implicated in various aspects of extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory responses." SIGNOR-253319 PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT GNA11 protein P29992 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1322796 t miannu "Plc-_1 stimulates hydrolysis of gq/11-bound gtp and acts as a gtpase-activating protein (gap) for its physiologic regulator, gq/11" SIGNOR-17239 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR SLC2A3 protein P11169 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267451 "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "precursor messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:139356 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs." SIGNOR-266176 ZNF774 protein Q6NX45 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000578 31659254 t miannu "Here we report that ZNF774, a novel zinc-finger protein, inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Molecular characterization of this protein indicated that ZNF774 acts as a transcription repressor, and interrogation of ZNF774 interactome by affinity purification-coupled mass spectrometry revealed that ZNF774 is physically associated with the Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex in cells. We demonstrated that ZNF774 recruits the NuRD complex to the NOTCH2 promoter and represses NOTCH2 transcription." SIGNOR-265559 SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT ACTN1 protein P12814 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264583 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT LDHA protein P00338 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr10 TLKDQLIyNLLKEEQ 9606 21969607 t gcesareni "We found that the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase fgfr1 directly phosphorylates ldh-a. Phosphorylation at y10 and y83 enhances ldh-a activity by enhancing the formation of active, tetrameric ldh-a and the binding of ldh-a substrate nadh, respectively." SIGNOR-176730 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR HEY1 protein Q9Y5J3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0001593 15207708 f gcesareni "Deltex, meltrin beta, ifi-202, and ifi-204 were also upregulated by notchic in the 2b4.11 t cell hybridoma, whereas ifi-d3 was expressed constitutively at relatively high levels and slightly upregulated by notchic, and pre-talfa was not expressed. Deltex, meltrin beta, pre-talfa, ifi-202, and ifi-204 were upregulated by notchic expression in the akr1 dp thymoma cell line, whereas ifi-d3 was not expressed" SIGNOR-254341 Nalorphine chemical CHEBI:7458 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9262330 t miannu "We recently cloned a human kappa opioid receptor and stably expressed it in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In this study, the effects of activation of the human kappa receptor by agonists on [35S]GTPgammaS binding to CHO cell membranes were examined.. The rank order of potencies of opioid ligands tested in stimulating [35S]GTPgammaS binding was dynorphin A 1-17 > (+/-)-ethylketocyclazocine > beta-funaltrexamine, (-)-U50,488H, tifluadom > nalorphine > pentazocine, nalbuphine > buprenorphine." SIGNOR-258664 MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT C2 protein P06681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Ser20 LYPGLADsAPSCPQN 9606 BTO:0000392 11907111 t lperfetto "The MASPs in the preparations had proteolytic activities against C4, C2, and C3 in the fluid phase" SIGNOR-263419 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser401 QTRNRKMsNKSKKSK 9606 BTO:0000876 15837948 t "PI-3K/Akt-dependent manner." fspada "We show that insulin induces gata2 phosphorylation on serine 401 in a pi-3k/akt-dependent manner. Insulin-dependent phosphorylation of serine 401 impairs gata2 translocation to the nucleus and its dna binding activity" SIGNOR-135614 CCNE2 protein O96020 UNIPROT CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19665013 t lperfetto "The eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by different cyclins and their associated kinases (murray and hunt, 1993). In mammalian cells, levels of cycline and its associated kinase, cdk2, rise in late g1/early s-phase when dna replication is initiated" SIGNOR-187454 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 BTO:0001103 22395773 t lperfetto "SIRT1 controls the acetylation of FOXO transcription factors, which are important regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism as well as stress response. On the other hand, SIRT1 can also stimulate the gluconeogenic transcriptional program by deacetylating and activating FOXO1." SIGNOR-253509 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001271 21750978 t miannu "Ikarosis dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) via interaction at a consensus pp1-binding motif/ hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-174859 "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27098840 f miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes." SIGNOR-263860 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr771 IGTAEPDyGALYEGR 9606 1689310 t llicata "We have identified the sites phosphorylated in vitro by epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor kinase in bovine brain phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma). They are tyrosine residues 472, 771, 783, and 1254. we propose, therefore, that the phosphorylation of plc-gamma by egf receptor kinase alters its interaction with putative inhibitory proteins and leads to its activation." SIGNOR-20984 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 BTO:0000887 14985344 f gcesareni "Ampk by insulin-sensitizing drugs markedly inactivates in- ducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos)." SIGNOR-120827 EYA3 protein Q99504 UNIPROT Six1/Dach complex SIGNOR-C122 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 14628042 t llicata "The phosphatase function of Eya switches the function of Six1-Dach from repression to activation," SIGNOR-238032 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21078818 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that prototype canonical Wnt3a and noncanonical Wnt5a ligands specifically trigger completely unrelated endogenous coreceptors-LRP5/6 and Ror1/2, respectively-through a common mechanism that involves their Wnt-dependent coupling to the Frizzled (Fzd) coreceptor and recruitment of shared components, including dishevelled (Dvl), axin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)" SIGNOR-169654 GREB1 protein Q4ZG55 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 31462641 t miannu "GREB1 is localized to the nucleus where it binds Smad2/3 in a competitive manner with p300 and inhibits TGFβ signaling, thereby promoting HepG2 HB cell proliferation. Binding of GREB1 to Smad2/3 inhibits transcription" SIGNOR-265885 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086;BTO:0005511 15983365 f miannu "Transfection of NANOG-specific small interfering RNAs reduced levels of NANOG transcript and protein and induced activation of the extraembryonic endoderm-associated genes GATA4, GATA6, LAMININ B1, and AFP as well as upregulation of trophectoderm-associated genes CDX2, GATA2, hCG-alpha, and hCG-beta." SIGNOR-254622 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 11742987 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Both induction of MKP-1 expression and inhibition of its degradation are necessary for glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Erk-1/2 activation." SIGNOR-269920 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser398 WKRLRSHsRQYVSGL 9606 BTO:0000975 15107581 t "Translocation from Endosome to Lysosome" gcesareni "As we have shown previously, human h1r can be phosphorylated in vitro by several kinases includingpka, pkc, pkg, and camk ii in summary, these data suggest that thr140, thr142, ser396, ser398, and thr478 can be phosphorylated by the kinases described above (table 2)." SIGNOR-124344 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR TENT2 protein Q6PIY7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 31057087 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "We found that Gld2 activity is regulated by site-specific phosphorylation in its disordered N-terminal domain. We identified two phosphorylation sites (S62, S110) where phosphomimetic substitutions increased Gld2 activity and one site (S116) that markedly reduced activity. Using mass spectrometry, we confirmed that HEK 293 cells readily phosphorylate the N-terminus of Gld2. We identified protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase B (Akt1) as the kinases that site-specifically phosphorylate Gld2 at S116, abolishing Gld2-mediated nucleotide addition." SIGNOR-270130 ALDOA protein P04075 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266479 "L-asparagine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58048 ChEBI L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24657844 t miannu "Recently, we structurally and biochemically characterized the enzyme human L-asparaginase 3 (hASNase3), which possesses L-asparaginase activity and belongs to the N-terminal nucleophile superfamily of enzymes. l-Asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1; l-asparagine amidohydrolase; l-ASNase2) are enzymes that primarily catalyze the conversion of l-asparagine (l-Asn) to l-aspartic acid (l-Asp) and ammonia, although some of them are able to also hydrolyze l-glutamine (l-Gln) to l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) and ammonia." SIGNOR-267536 PFDN1 protein O60925 UNIPROT "Prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C513 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32699605 t miannu "The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins.  Canonical prefoldin complex is a heterohexameric complex composed of two α subunits (PFDN3 and PFDN5) and four β subunits (PFDN1, PFDN2, PFDN4 and PFDN6)" SIGNOR-270932 SYCE2 protein Q6PIF2 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22394509 t miannu "The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure of chromosome bivalents whose assembly is indispensable for the successful progression of the first meiotic division of sexually reproducing organisms. four proteins were identified that locate specifically to the CE: SYCE1, SYCE2, SYCE3 and TEX12. These three proteins (SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3) are essential for synapsis initiation, as no CE-structures are formed in the absence of any of these proteins. The final step, i.e. synapsis extension over the entire length of the homologs, requires loading of both SYCE2 and TEX12. In their absence, short pieces of CE-like structures composed of SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3 are formed that, however, cannot mature to a SC central region." SIGNOR-264198 FOXP1 protein Q9H334 UNIPROT PITX3 protein O75364 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000596 20175877 t Gianni "We identified FoxP1 as a novel marker for midbrain dopamine neurons. Enforced expression of FoxP1 in embryonic stem cells actuates the expression of Pitx3, a homeobox protein that is exclusively expressed in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and is required for their differentiation and survival during development and from embryonic stem cells in vitro. We show that FoxP1 can be recruited to the Pitx3 locus in embryonic stem cells and regulate Pitx3 promoter activity in a dual-luciferase assay." SIGNOR-269049 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257924 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser469 DGEFSDDsGADQEKD 9606 BTO:0000007 11500362 t llicata "The fifth site, which lies outside the catalytic domain of eIF2Bepsilon, can be phosphorylated by casein kinase 1. All five sites are phosphorylated in the eIF2B complex in vivo. | A phosphopeptide corresponding to this region was identified in Asp‐N digests of eIF2Bϵ phosphorylated in vitro by CK1, suggesting that Ser461 or Ser464 may be phosphorylated by this kinase in vivo." SIGNOR-250788 CREBL2 protein O60519 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 21728997 f Luana "Accordingly, the results of QPCR and immunoblot analysis showed that during adipogenesis, both the mRNA (Figures 4D and 4E) and protein (Figure 4F) levels of PPARγ , as well as C/EBPα, in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes transfected with either siCREBL2-1 or siCREBL2-2 were significantly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05), suggesting that knockdown of CREBL2 protein suppress 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation via inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα expression." SIGNOR-261574 RUVBL2 protein Q9Y230 UNIPROT "R2TP core co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C515 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29662061 t miannu " Here we use cryo-EM and biochemical studies on the human R2TP core (RUVBL1-RUVBL2-RPAP3-PIH1D1) which reveal the distinctive role of RPAP3, distinguishing metazoan R2TP from the smaller yeast equivalent. RPAP3 spans both faces of a single RUVBL ring, providing an extended scaffold that recruits clients and provides a flexible tether for HSP90. " SIGNOR-270929 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 28646232 t "inferred from 70% family members" Gianni "We demonstrate that insulin-mediated activation of ERK1/2 results in phosphorylation of GSK3Œ≤ at S9 independently of Akt/mTORC1 activity in Tsc2 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that inhibition of ERK1/2 rescues GSK3Œ≤ activity and restores protein synthesis in Tsc2 ‚àí/‚àí MEFs to normal levels" SIGNOR-270068 CYSLTR1 protein Q9Y271 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257225 MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT MNT protein Q99583 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7954804 t 2 miannu "the role MAX plays in transcription is thought to be primarily as a cofactor for DNA binding. In this capacity, however, it appears to be essential for most, if not all, the known biological activities of MYC. MAX also functions as a cofactor for DNA binding for a group of bHLHZip proteins related to MYC, including MNT, MXD1-4 (formerly Mad1, Mxi1, Mad3 and Mad4), and MGA. Like MYC, these proteins do not homodimerize and appear to be incapable of binding DNA on their own, but when bound to MAX, they recognize E-box sequences." SIGNOR-240354 RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT VEGFC protein P49767 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001610 22641097 f miannu "Effective silencing of Runx2 by short interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated downregulation of EMT-related molecules (SNAI2, SNAI3 and TWIST1), MMP2 and vasculogenic factors (VEGFA and VEGFC) in thyroid carcinoma cells." SIGNOR-255081 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2609 LTPMFVEtQASQGTL 9606 17189255 t gcesareni "Atm mediates dna-pkcs phosphorylation at thr-2609 as well as at the adjacent (s/t)q motifs within the thr-2609 cluster. In addition, our data suggest that dna-pkcs- and atm-mediated dna-pkcs phosphorylations are cooperative and required for the full activation of dna-pkcs and the subsequent dsb repair." SIGNOR-151441 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI LILRB4 protein Q8NHJ6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002042 18652845 f miannu "Although RAPA downregulated ILT2, ILT3 and ILT4 expression in DC, the inhibition of T cell proliferation by RAPA-treated DC is predominantly due to the reduction of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression rather than the propensity to generate FoxP3 expressing regulatory cells." SIGNOR-255478 ATF5 protein Q9Y2D1 UNIPROT CYP2B6 protein P20813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18332083 f miannu "We induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by means of amino acid limitation or selective chemicals, and assessed the time course response of ATF5 and CYP2B6. We found a post-transcriptional up-regulation of ATF5 and a parallel induction of CYP2B6 mRNA." SIGNOR-253751 DLD protein P09622 UNIPROT OGDC complex SIGNOR-C397 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15953811 t miannu "The α-ketoglutarate–dehydrogenase complex is a complex including multiple copies of three proteins: E1k (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), E2k (dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase), and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (Fig. 2). The consecutive action of the three catalytic components of KGDHC results in oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, preserving the energy in the form of succinylCoA and NADH." SIGNOR-266256 6-(N-carbamoyl-2,6-difluoroanilino)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:94489 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207681 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser661 QNEFAGFsYTNPEFV 9606 10828076 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P05771-2" llicata "We found in preliminary studies that autophosphorylation at ser660 was enhanced in response to angiotensin ii and phorbol esters|However, it was apparent that the return of the mutant GFP-S660A from the membrane to the cytoplasm was impaired, suggesting a specific role for this autophosphorylation site in the regulation of reverse translocation." SIGNOR-77583 tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI tyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:15760 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Under specific conditions, dopamine can also be synthesized by a minor pathway, in which L-tyrosine is converted into p-tyramine (mediated by AADC), with subsequent hydroxylation to dopamine by the enzyme CYP2D6 (Cytochrome P450 2D6) which is found in the substantia nigra of human brain¬¨‚Ć" SIGNOR-264175 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser38 QVSSLSEsEESQDSS 9606 20730097 t lperfetto "We propose that constitutive hyperphosphorylation by ck1/ck2 maintains atf1 in an inactive state that promotes transcriptional repression. Pp2a/b56c antagonizes phosphorylation of atm sites in both creb and atf5" SIGNOR-167564 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT AGGF1 protein Q8N302 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19556247 f miannu "Overexpression of GATA1 increased expression of AGGF1. Knockdown of GATA1 expression by siRNA reduced expression of AGGF1, and resulted in endothelial cell apoptosis and inhibition of endothelial capillary vessel formation and cell migration, which was rescued by purified recombinant human AGGF1 protein." SIGNOR-254188 NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21881539 f lperfetto "Concomitant attenuation of NR1D1 downregulation (-2.4-fold compared with -4.1-fold in placebo; P=0.04), a transcriptional repressor of ARNTL, supported the view that ramipril might modulate glucose homeostasis pathways involving the NR1D1 ARNTL axis." SIGNOR-253719 (2S)-2-[[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yloxy)-9-[(4-phenylphenyl)methyl]-6-purinyl]amino]-3-phenyl-1-propanol chemical CHEBI:94469 ChEBI ARFGAP3 protein Q9NP61 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 26152429 t lperfetto "Here we present structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of QS11 analogs in two assays: direct inhibition of enzymatic activity of purified ARFGAP1 protein and cellular activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results confirm the direct inhibition of ARFGAP1 by QS11, and also suggest the presence of other potential cellular targets of QS11" SIGNOR-261980 PSMA3 protein P25788 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263362 TRIP11 protein Q15643 UNIPROT THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9256431 t miannu "Trip230 binds to rb independently of thyroid hormone while it forms a complex with tr in a thyroid hormone-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of the protein trip230 in cells, but not a mutant form that does not bind to tr, enhances specifically tr-dependent transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-50421 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19254573 f fspada "Sox9 directly binds to the promoter regions of c/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta to suppress their promoter activity, preventing adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-210037 "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 21295084 t amattioni "Triggering of the DISC leads to caspase-8 activation. Active caspase-8 cleaves caspase-3 which, in type I cells, leads to cell death induction." SIGNOR-256452 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 14751588 t miannu "DARPP-32/PP1 cascade modulates the physiological properties of NMDA and AMPA receptors, and activation of the DARPP-32/PP1 signaling leads to parallel increase in the phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunits and intracellular Ca2+ levels" SIGNOR-265061 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ERF protein P50548 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser251 PLSPFPVsPLAGPGS 9606 10330152 t lperfetto "The experiments presented here indicate that erf is regulated during nuclear import and/or export and that this process depends on its phosphorylation by erks our analysis indicates that in addition to t526 (position 7), s161 (position 2), s246 (position 3), and s251 (position 4) are also phosphorylated in vitro by erk2 and in vivo after mitogenic stimulation (fig. 3a)." SIGNOR-67528 atomoxetine chemical CHEBI:127342 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9871604 t miannu "The gamma-amino alcohol/ether unit contained in venlafaxine, 2 fluoxetine, 3 and tomoxetine 3 has been prepared by a sequence of nitrile aldol reaction and nitrile reduction. Equilibrium dissociation constants KD for binding of (_+)-2 and (_+)-3 to hSERT, hNET, and hDAT are given in Table 2." SIGNOR-259071 TBX2 protein Q13207 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 24470334 t "We have found that TBX2 is highly up regulated in both ERMS and ARMS subtypes of RMS and demonstrate that TBX2 is a repressor of myogenesis by binding to MyoD and myogenin and inhibiting their activity." SIGNOR-251560 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser123 EEGFGSSsPVKSPAA 23051732 t lperfetto "Cdk1 phosphorylates Wee1 on Ser-123, which primes additional phosphorylation by other kinases, leading to the formation of phosphodegrons responsible for SCF (Skp1/cullin/F-box) ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Wee1" SIGNOR-267471 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser622 ILSTAMLsLGSGISQ 9534 BTO:0000298 11865049 t llicata "The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, CKIepsilon and CKIdelta are able to induce nuclear translocation of mPer3, which requires its nuclear localization signal. The mutation in potential phosphorylation sites on mPer3 decreased the extent of both nuclear translocation and degradation of mPer3 that are stimulated by CKIepsilon. | In mut7 in which all of the conserved serine and threonine residues in this region were mutated, the ratio of the shifted band was greatly reduced reproducibly. " SIGNOR-250815 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser222 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 9606 8157000 t gcesareni "To understand the mechanism of activation of MAPKK, we have identified Ser217 and Ser221 of MAPKK1 as the sites phosphorylated by p74raf-1." SIGNOR-262292 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12040186 t lperfetto "The activated PI3K converts the plasma membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3]." SIGNOR-252713 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 17041602 f miannu "Knockdown of the transcription factor PU.1 (encoded by Sfpi1) leads to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in mice. We examined the transcriptome of preleukemic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in which PU.1 was knocked down (referred to as 'PU.1-knockdown HSCs') to identify transcriptional changes preceding malignant transformation. Transcription factors c-Jun and JunB were among the top-downregulated targets." SIGNOR-256065 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 9507002 t gcesareni "Our present study established that n-shc and sck are expressed in a region-specific manner in the brain and that n-shc is a higher affinity adapter molecule than sck for trka and trkb receptors" SIGNOR-55864 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 10411939 t irozzo "Here we demonstrate that a region of the PU.1 Ets domain (the winged helix–turn–helix wing) interacts with the conserved carboxyl-terminal zinc finger of GATA-1 and GATA-2 and that GATA proteins inhibit PU.1 transactivation of critical myeloid target genes." SIGNOR-256071 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PIK3C2B protein O00750 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000017 10805725 t gcesareni "The n-terminal region of pi3k-c2beta was found to selectively interact with the egf receptor in vitro, suggesting that it mediates the association of this pi3k with the receptor." SIGNOR-77195 NARS2 protein Q96I59 UNIPROT tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29172 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270461 USP6 protein P35125 UNIPROT MMP10 protein P09238 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20418905 f miannu "In this study we show that tre17 is sufficient to induce expression of mmp-9 and mmp-10, in a manner requiring its usp activity, but not its ability to bind arf6. Tre17 induces transcription of mmp-9 through activation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab), mediated in part by the gtpase rhoa and its effector kinase, rock." SIGNOR-164943 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser2152 TRRRRAPsVANVGSH 9606 16442073 t gcesareni "We report that a purified c-terminal recombinant region of filamin is a suitable substrate for calcineurin in vitro. Furthermore, 1 microm cyclosporin a (csa), a specific calcineurin inhibitor, reduced the dephosphorylation of the recombinant fragment in 293ft cells" SIGNOR-252339 "Histone H2B" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF68 SIGNOR Nucleosome complex SIGNOR-C371 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t lperfetto "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-265310 Inner_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C411 SIGNOR "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "One of the main functions of the IMM is the housing of proteins that make up the electron transport chain (ETC) which ultimately produces ATP. " SIGNOR-267008 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser239 LIRGVKSsGKVVYFT 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262918 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr52 DSSKPAVyNYPEGAA 9606 BTO:0000150 20101225 t gcesareni "Eralpha can be phosphorylated on two sites, tyrosine 52 (y-52) and tyrosine 219 (y-219). Eralpha phosphorylation by c-abl stabilizes eralpha, resulting in enhanced eralpha transcriptional activity and increased expression of endogenous eralpha target genes." SIGNOR-163566 IRAK3 protein Q9Y616 UNIPROT IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 25290089 t flangone "Irak3 exerts negative regulatory effects through preventing (i) the dissociation of irak1 and irak4 from myd88 irak3 negatively regulates irak signalling through suppression of irak4 and irak1 activation" SIGNOR-205434 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT NQO1 protein P15559 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24024136 t irozzo "In both models, the inducer-modified and Nrf2-bound Keap1 is inactivated and, consequently, newly synthesized Nrf2 proteins bypass Keap1 and translocate into the nucleus, bind to the ARE and drive the expression of Nrf2 target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione S transferases (GSTs)." SIGNOR-256275 CHMP1A protein Q9HD42 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265531 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 PARRGQSsPPPAPPI -1 25501809 t lperfetto "AURKA activity promotes WDR62 spindle localization|We next purified recombinant full-length WDR62 (GST–WDR62-FL) for in vitro kinase assays with active AURKA and demonstrated that WDR62 was a direct phosphorylation target of AURKA|In addition, our quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of in-vitro-phosphorylated WDR62 identified S32 and S33 as significantly phosphorylated in the presence of active AURKA|Alanine replacement of the five putative phosphorylation sites (S32/S33/S49/T50/S52-AAAAA) of WDR62 attenuated interphase microtubule association induced by AURKA coexpression" SIGNOR-271713 ELL protein P55199 UNIPROT ELL/ICE2 complex SIGNOR-C49 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 22195968 t miannu "The ell-ice complex is called lec for its proposed role in transcriptional regulation of the littlesnrna genes." SIGNOR-193461 Protocadherin_alpha proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF100 SIGNOR Protocadherin_beta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF102 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15347688 t miannu "We analyzed the expression of CNR/Pcdhalpha and Pcdhgamma in HEK293T cells and found that they formed a protein complex and that Pcdhgamma enhanced the surface expression of CNR/Pcdhalpha. This enhanced surface expression was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and by marking cell surface proteins with biotin. The enhancement was observed using different combinations of CNR/Pcdhalpha and Pcdhgamma proteins. The surface expression activity was enhanced by the extracellular domains of the proteins, which could bind each other. Their cytoplasmic domains also had binding activity and influenced their localization. Their protein-protein interaction was also detected in extracts of mouse brain and two neuroblastoma cell lines. Thus, interactions between CNR/Pcdhalpha and Pcdhgamma regulate their surface expression and contribute to the combinatorial diversity of cell recognition proteins in the brain." SIGNOR-269036 SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT FZD7/SDC4 complex SIGNOR-C216 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0001103 23290138 t apalma "We next examined whether endogenous Fzd7 and Sdc4 form a receptor complex in satellite cells […] Therefore, we conclude that Fzd7 and Sdc4 form a co-receptor complex in activated satellite cells." SIGNOR-255847 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser726 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000671 9679146 t gcesareni "These data demonstrate that adducin is a significant in vivo substrate for pkc or other pma-activated kinases in a variety of cells, and that phosphorylation of adducin occurs in dendritic spines that are believed to respond to external signals by changes in morphology and reorganization of cytoskeletal structures. Ser-726 and ser-713 in the c-terminal marcks-related domains of alpha- and beta-adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites common for pka and pkc." SIGNOR-59303 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI MAPKAP1 protein Q9BPZ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 26293922 t gcesareni "PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, but not other PtdInsPn species, interacts with SIN1-PH to release its inhibition on the mTOR kinase domain, thereby triggering mTORC2 activation" SIGNOR-252429 Ub:RING_E3 complex SIGNOR-C519 SIGNOR Protein_ubiquitination phenotype SIGNOR-PH214 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 34199813 f miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271383 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 19282669 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-270070 SLC4A1 protein P02730 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266015 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 12792650 t lperfetto "Inhibition of caspase-9 through phosphorylation at Thr 125 by ERK MAPK|The opposing protein kinase activity is overcome by treatment with the broad-specificity kinase inhibitor staurosporine or with inhibitors of MEK1/2" SIGNOR-249385 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265436 CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256965 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr81 APAPAAPtPAAPAPA 9606 BTO:0000007 11283254 t lperfetto "Jnk phosphorylated p53 at t81 in response to dna damage and stress-inducing agents, as determined by phospho-specific antibodies to t81 . Jun NH2-terminal kinase phosphorylation of p53 on Thr-81 is important for p53 stabilization and transcriptional activities in response to stress." SIGNOR-106542 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257470 axitinib chemical CHEBI:66910 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 21297102 t gcesareni "Axitinib , a highly selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors taken orally, is approved for second-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (rcc) after failure of prior treatment with sunitinib or a cytokine." SIGNOR-171863 PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 21620138 t "PKM2 interacts directly with the HIF-1α subunit and promotes transactivation of HIF-1 target genes by enhancing HIF-1 binding and p300 recruitment to hypoxia response elements," SIGNOR-267473 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT CSF2RB protein P32927 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr628 PPPGSLEyLCLPAGG 9606 9162089 t gcesareni "However, inhibition of shp2 binding to betac, did not prevent tyrosine phosphorylation of shp2. Interestingly, this same phosphopeptide served as a substrate for the tyrosine phosphatase activity of both shp1 and shp2." SIGNOR-48561 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 20509143 f miannu "SLUG up-regulation engenders breast cancer cells with stem cell-like properties including enhanced expression of CD44 and Jagged-1 in conjunction with estrogen receptor alpha down-regulation, growth as mammospheres, and extracellular matrix invasiveness." SIGNOR-255153 MTMR2 protein Q13614 UNIPROT 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57880 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18429927 t miannu "PtdIns(3,5)P2 can be dephosphorylated by the 3-phosphatase myotubularins (MTMs), leading to the production of PtdIns5P. Myotubularins also dephosphorylate PtdIns3P into PtdIns" SIGNOR-269808 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24890514 f apalma "The Erk1/2 pathway has a central role in CSF-1R-regulated myeloid differentiation. CSF-1 induces early (peaking at ‚àº5 min) and persistent (starting at 1 h) waves of MEK/Erk1/2 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-255572 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr68 SSLETVStQELYSIP -1 16311512 t "an in vitro phosphatase assay revealed that Wip1 (WT), but not Wip1 (D314A), dephosphorylates Thr68 on phosphorylated Chk2 in vitro, resulting in the inhibition of Chk2 kinase activity toward glutathione S-transferase-Cdc25C." SIGNOR-248318 NRG4 protein Q8WWG1 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t "Does not bind to the ERBB1, ERBB2 and ERBB3 receptors" gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-122062 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser335 YDSFGEPsYPEVFEP -1 9558331 t llicata "In vitro the large hydrophilic loop of PS-2 between transmembrane domains 6 and 7 can be phosphorylated by casein kinase-1 (CK-1) and CK-2, but not by PKA or PKC. Quantitative analysis of in vitro phosphorylation demonstrates the presence of two phosphorylation sites for CK-1 and a single site for CK-2. A deletion analysis revealed that the CTF of PS-2 is phosphorylated in vivo within an acidic sequence containing three potential phosphorylation sites for CKs (serines 327, 330, and 335). These data suggest that CK type protein kinases phosphorylate the CTF of PS-2 within its hydrophilic loop domain in vivo. Interestingly, the potential phosphorylation sites are located directly adjacent to the recently identified caspase cleavage sites." SIGNOR-250935 DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fission phenotype SIGNOR-PH143 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002295 31063459 f lperfetto "Mitochondrial fission is governed primarily by the cytoplasmic dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Drp1 is a conserved dynamin GTPase superfamily protein that is translocated from its cytoplasmic pool to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where Drp1 then assembles into constrictive ring-like multimeric structures, ultimately driving mitochondrial fragmentation through a GTP-dependent mechanism|We have also previously reported that ROCK1-mediated Drp1S600 phosphorylation resulted in enhanced mitochondrial fission in podocytes" SIGNOR-262553 KLHL15 protein Q96M94 UNIPROT RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 27561354 t miannu " Here, we identify the Cullin3 E3 ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-like protein 15 (KLHL15) as a new interaction partner of CtIP and show that KLHL15 promotes CtIP protein turnover via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272410 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF38 protein Q9H0F5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271222 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT P300/PCAF complex SIGNOR-C7 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21131905 t lperfetto "Histone acetyltransferases (hats) gcn5 and pcaf (gcn5/pcaf) and cbp and p300 (cbp/p300) are transcription co-activators." SIGNOR-170273 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1248 PTAENPEyLGLDVPV -1 1706616 t " Y1023 and Y1248, Y1139 and Y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of HER2." SIGNOR-251128 MKRN1 protein Q9UHC7 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002552 19536131 t miannu "Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 (MKRN1) is a transcriptional co-regulator and an E3 ligase. Here, we show that MKRN1 simultaneously functions as a differentially negative regulator of p53 and p21. In normal conditions, MKRN1 could destabilize both p53 and p21 through ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. As a result, depletion of MKRN1 induced growth arrest through activation of p53 and p21. " SIGNOR-271845 KANSL2 protein Q9H9L4 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267163 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr228 YPGGSDNyGSLSRVT -1 11382764 t lperfetto "Identification of Src phosphorylation sites in the catenin p120ctn.Using selected tyrosine to phenylalanine p120 mutants as dominant negative reagents, it may now be possible to selectively block events postulated to be dependent on p120 tyrosine phosphorylation.combinations of Tyr _ Phe mutations at residues 96, 112, 228, 257, 280, 291, 296, and 302" SIGNOR-246484 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr490 HCAAWHGyYSVAKAL 9606 17803936 t gcesareni "Here, we show that the leukocyte common antigen-related (lar) tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates dapk at py491/492 to stimulate the catalytic, proapoptotic, and antiadhesion/antimigration activities of dapk." SIGNOR-157702 GIGYF2 protein Q6Y7W6 UNIPROT GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 20670374 t miannu "We demonstrated that, in cultured cells and mammalian brains, GIGYF2 interacts and colocalises with Grb10, promoting ligand‐induced ubiquitination of IGF‐1R, and thereby regulates receptor degradation" SIGNOR-260057 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser38 LGPGTRLsLARMPPP -1 2155236 t lperfetto "Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the intermediate filament component of astroglial cells, can serve as an excellent substrate for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, in vitro. GFAP phosphorylated by each protein kinase does not polymerize, and the filaments that do polymerize tend to depolymerize after phosphorylation. Dephosphorylation of phospho-GFAP by phosphatase led to a recovery of the polymerization competence of GFAP. Most of the phosphorylation sites for cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C on GFAP are the same, Ser-8, Ser-13, and Ser-34. cAMP-dependent protein kinase has one additional phosphorylation site, Thr-7." SIGNOR-248862 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001567 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255162 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr860 DSLLVFDyEGSGSTA 9606 BTO:0000848 16371504 t lperfetto "Src-mediated phosphorylation of the n-cadherin cytoplasmic domain results in a significant reduction in beta-catenin bindingbeta-catenin dissociates from n-cadherin and redistributes to the nucleus of transmigrating melanoma cells to activate gene transcription.Because there were only four tyrosine residues (y852, y860, y884, and y886) in this peptide, all of them were phosphorylated." SIGNOR-143238 gefitinib chemical CHEBI:49668 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15284455 t SimoneGraziosi "Gefitinib (Iressa, Astra Zeneca Pharmaceuticals) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and induces dramatic clinical responses in nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with activating mutations within the EGFR kinase domain. " SIGNOR-269264 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR INF2 protein Q27J81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys682 LLKLLPEkHEIENLR 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272805 PRKAG2 protein Q9UGJ0 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16054041 t gcesareni "Gamma non-catalytic subunit mediates binding to amp, adp and atp, leading to activate or inhibit ampk: amp-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (prkaa1 or prkaa2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-139176 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SLC4A1 protein P02730 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr21 ENLEQEEyEDPDIPE 9606 10942405 t llicata "Our findings suggest that, upon phosphorylation by p72syk, y8 and y21 act as docking sites for the sh2 domain of lyn, which subsequently phosphorylates band 3 at additional secondary sites." SIGNOR-80788 LARP1 protein Q6PKG0 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 28650797 t SARA "LARP1-mTORC1 interaction occurs through direct protein-protein contacts. phosphorylated LARP1 facilitates mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4EBP1 on the LARP1-containing mRNPs by scaffolding mTORC1." SIGNOR-260993 OSTC protein Q9NRP0 UNIPROT "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272058 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT TEAD2 protein Q15562 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "Crystallographic data revealed that the N-terminal TEAD-binding domain of YAP wraps around a globular structure formed by the C-terminal domains of TEAD1, 2 and 4." gcesareni "When dephosphorylated, yap/taz enter nuclei and induce gene transcription by interacting with transcription factors tead14." SIGNOR-201468 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t lperfetto "Once released from associated repressors, MEF2 is bound by the p300 coactivator, which possesses histone acetyltransferase activity. Thus, the net result of CaMK signaling to MEF2 complexes is increased histone acetylation (Ac), which relaxes chromatin and stimulates MEF2 target gene transcription." SIGNOR-232165 PFKL protein P17858 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266472 NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257010 BCL9 protein O00512 UNIPROT PYGO1 protein Q9Y3Y4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 11955446 t miannu "Here we report the identification of two segment polarity genes in drosophila, legless (lgs), and pygopus (pygo), and we show that their products are required for wnt signal transduction at the level of nuclear beta-catenin. Lgs encodes the homolog of human bcl9, and we provide genetic and molecular evidence that these proteins exert their function by physically linking pygo to beta-catenin." SIGNOR-116577 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 17350185 t Luana "The IL-6 promoter was stimulated by NF-kB RelA protein. " SIGNOR-266088 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys91 CAFLSVKkQFEELTL 10090 BTO:0002268 25778398 t miannu "Fbxl7 targets survivin for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation.these data suggest that the Skp1·Cul1·F-box protein complex subunit Fbxl7 modulates mitochondrial function by controlling the cellular abundance of survivin. These results suggest that both Lys-90 and Lys-91 are critical for Fbxl7-mediated polyubiquitylation." SIGNOR-272439 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 12746313 t scontino "Human type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the conversion of T(4) to rT(3) and of T(3) to 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (T2) by inner-ring deiodination. Like types I and II iodothyronine deiodinases, D3 protein contains selenocysteine (SeC) in the highly conserved core catalytic center at amino acid position 144." SIGNOR-266940 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15327770 t lperfetto "TNF_ induced the polyubiquitination of RIP and the association of polyubiquitinated RIP with TAB2." SIGNOR-128406 COL4A3 protein Q01955 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253244 TAOK2 protein Q9UL54 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10660600 t gcesareni "Immunoprecipitated psk phosphorylates myelin basic protein and transfected psk stimulates mkk4 and mkk7 and activates the c-jun n-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway." SIGNOR-74867 PPBP protein P02775 UNIPROT OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258412 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 KNIVTPRtPPPSQGK 9606 BTO:0000142 16401070 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation decreased the ability of mbp to polymerize actin and to bundle actin filaments but had no effect on the dissociation constant of the mbp-actin complex or on the ability of ca2+-calmodulin to dissociate the complex. The most significant effect of phosphorylation on the mbp-actin complex was a dramatic reduction in its ability to bind to negatively charged lipid bilayers. The identification of myelin basic protein (phosphorylation at -pro-arg-thr-pro-) as a substrate for the erk kinases (fig. 1) demonstrates that there are other determinants important for substrate recognition than those present in the originally identified consensus sequence." SIGNOR-143477 PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 f lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-242655 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8663074 t gcesareni "Mapkk6 was shown to phosphorylate and specifically activate the p38/mpk2 sub-family of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily." SIGNOR-42384 ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Active raf phosphorylates mek." SIGNOR-175142 "DPM complex" complex SIGNOR-C289 SIGNOR "dolichyl beta-D-mannosyl phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17624 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10835346 t lperfetto "Dolichol-phosphate-mannose (DPM) synthase generates mannosyl donors for glycosylphosphatidylinositols, N-glycan and protein O- and C-mannosylation." SIGNOR-262566 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1377 KPQKSVVsDLEADDV 9606 BTO:0000567 7961967 t llicata "Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping revealed that casein kinase II phosphorylated the C-terminal domain primarily on 2 serine residues in vitro, which were shown to be sites of modification in vivo. Site-directed mutagenesis studies identified these casein kinase II-specific phosphorylation sites as serine 1524 and serine 1376." SIGNOR-250965 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu62 NLERECVeETCSYEE -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263679 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR FASLG protein P48023 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10102273 f gcesareni "Within the nucleus, fkhrl1 triggers apoptosis most likely by inducing the expression of genes that are critical for cell death, such as the fas ligand gene." SIGNOR-252942 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser591 DKEKSKGsLKRK 9606 15269224 t llicata "Protein kinase calpha therefore critically and negatively regulates shp-1 function, forming part of a mechanism to retain shp-1 in a basal active state through interaction with its sh2 domains, and phosphorylating its c-terminal ser591 upon cellular activation" SIGNOR-126876 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HSPB6 protein O14558 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 PSWLRRAsAPLPGLS 9606 10196226 t llicata "Hosphorylation of hsp20 at ser16 is not only associated with cyclic nucleotide-dependent vasorelaxation but also inhibits agonist-induced contractile responses." SIGNOR-66493 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT STK25 protein O00506 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 17657516 t "To investigate dephosphorylation of CCM3 by FAP-1, phosphorylated GST-CCM3 was incubated with cdFAP-1, and reactions were analyzed by autoradiography. Again, GST-STK25 phosphorylated GST-CCM3 and possessed autophosphorylation activity. cdFAP-1 of 0.005 U were sufficient to dephosphorylate GST-CCM3 as well as the kinase GST-STK25.|More recently, the Golgi matrix protein GM130 was shown to function as a scaffold protein for STK25 and to activate STK25 through stimulation of autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-248711 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0001620 19581926 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO45 promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of p73.Importantly, SCFFBXO45 ubiquitylates p73 both in vivo and in vitro. Expression of Cul1 dominant negative mutant, but not Cul2, Cul3, Cul4 and Cul5 dominant negative mutants, increased p73 levels (Figure 1c) to an extent similar to that observed in the ts41 cell line at not permissive temperature, suggesting that a Cul1-associated activity is required for p73 protein stability." SIGNOR-271876 COPS3 protein Q9UNS2 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270764 CYBB protein P04839 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264723 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr730 SNCTNELyMMMRDCW 10116 BTO:0002809;BTO:0001009 8622701 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of six additional autophosphorylation sites (y-463, y-583, y-585, y-653, y-654 and y-730) on fgfr1.We have proposed that the role of the third stage of autophosphorylation is to enable the efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of substrate proteins that are physically bound to the receptor molecule by a maximally activated fgfr1" SIGNOR-235686 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT MARK3 protein P27448 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser96 KTQLNPTsLQKLFRE 9606 15319445 t gcesareni "Here we show that the protein kinase cdc25 c-associated kinase 1 (c-tak1) is a binding partner and a substrate of pim-1." SIGNOR-128260 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser8 MTTEQRRsLQAFQDY 9606 BTO:0000007 23499489 t lperfetto "We identified PP1alpha and PP1gamma as primary phosphatases responsible for MDA5 and RIG-I dephosphorylation, leading to their activation.|endogenous RIG-I and MDA5 that interacted with PP1 exhibited markedly decreased phosphorylation levels at S8 and S88, respectively " SIGNOR-264580 SLC25A12 protein O75746 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12084073 t miannu "Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane." SIGNOR-265154 "RBR E3 ligase" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF107 SIGNOR Ub:RBR_E3 complex SIGNOR-C520 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271378 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser43 RNPEAALsPTFRSDS 32615088 t miannu "Here, we report that, in response to DSBs, the RNA methyltransferase METTL3 is activated by ATM-mediated phosphorylation at S43." SIGNOR-265969 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 27846390 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading.¬†" SIGNOR-269999 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-265333 COMMD5 protein Q9GZQ3 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30021164 f miannu "In this study, we identified a specific and crucial role for COMMD5 in the endocytic trafficking machinery, and especially we determined COMMD5 as an actin- and tubulin-binding protein. Our results provide further insight into the essential role of COMMD5 on every aspect of cellular processes, from membrane receptor trafficking to cytoskeleton organization, cell migration, and junctions. Here, we demonstrate that COMMD5 is crucial for the stability of the cytoskeleton. Its silencing leads to a major re-organization of actin and microtubule networks." SIGNOR-261693 ELOVL4 protein Q9GZR5 UNIPROT 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267899 N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[3-[4-(Aminomethyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl]phenyl]methylamino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-1,2-oxazole-5-carboxamide chemical CID:49843508 PUBCHEM F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20873792 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Agonist GB110 (19, EC50 0.28 μM) selectively induced PAR2-, but not PAR1-, mediated intracellular Ca2+ release in HT29 human colorectal carcinoma cells." SIGNOR-261125 dehydroepiandrosterone chemical CHEBI:28689 ChEBI androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol smallmolecule CHEBI:2710 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0001363 30943210 t lperfetto "Testicular 17betaHSD3 converts DHEA to androstenediol and androstenedione to testosterone" SIGNOR-268659 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRNA7 protein P36544 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 27167578 t "Here, we demonstrate a role for α7 nAChR/G protein interaction in the activation of the small (monomeric) RhoA GTPase leading to cytoskeletal changes during neurite growth. Treatment of PC12 cells with the α7 nAChR agonist choline or PNU-282987 was associated with an increase in RhoA activity and an inhibition in neurite growth." SIGNOR-253984 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 17804415 t gcesareni "Stress-induced c-jun activation mediated by polo-like kinase 3 in corneal epithelial cells. Hypoxia/reoxygenation activated plk3 in hce cells to directly phosphorylate c-jun proteins at phosphorylation sites ser-63 and ser-73, and to increase dna binding activity of c-jun." SIGNOR-157721 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253441 DAD1 protein P61803 UNIPROT "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272059 L-ornithine smallmolecule CHEBI:15729 ChEBI M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 24669294 f apalma "While investigating the factors that regulate macrophage arginine metabolism, Mills and colleagues found that macrophages activated in mouse strains with Th1 and Th2 backgrounds differed qualitatively in their ability to respond to the classic stimuli IFN-γ or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or both and defined an important metabolic difference in the pathway: M1 macrophages made the toxic nitric oxide (NO), whereas M2 macrophages made the trophic polyamines" SIGNOR-256076 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SP7 protein Q8TDD2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21619873 t gcesareni "Akt, a member of the ser-ine/threonine-specific protein kinase, was found to phosphorylate osx and dlx5" SIGNOR-252514 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser116 PQKLLGCsPALKRSH 9606 SIGNOR-C17 12411508 t lperfetto "Mitotic stabilization of cdc25a reflects its phosphorylation on ser17 and ser115 by cyclin b-cdk1, modifications required to uncouple cdc25a from its ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated turnover." SIGNOR-95256 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT STIP1 protein P31948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser189 LLGVDLGsMDEEEEI 10090 BTO:0000944 14754904 t miannu "Inactivation and phosphorylation mimicking of potential phosphorylation sites in mSTI1 altered the nuclear translocation. Mimicking of phosphorylation at the mSTI1 CKII phosphorylation site (S189E) promoted nuclear localization of mSTI1-EGFP. Mimicking phosphorylation at the cdc2 kinase phosphorylation site (T198E) promoted cytoplasmic localization of mSTI1-EGFP at the G1/S-phase transition,whereas removal of this site (T198A) promoted the nuclear localization of mSTI1-EGFP under the same conditions." SIGNOR-262729 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT SNAPIN protein O95295 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 NHSVAKEtARRRAML 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 23949442 t lperfetto "Lrrk2 phosphorylates snapin and inhibits interaction of snapin with snap-25. these data suggest that lrrk2 may regulate neurotransmitter release via control of snapin function by inhibitory phosphorylation. hreonine 117 of snapin is one of the sites phosphorylated by lrrk2" SIGNOR-202436 NPEPPS protein P55786 UNIPROT "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11062501 t "The proteasome generates exact major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands as well as NH2-terminal-extended precursor peptides| We performed in vitro peptide digests using recombinant PSA | PSA behaved exclusively as an aminopeptidase |BH and PSA act as complementary and redundant systems responsible for the final trimming of the correct NH2 terminus." SIGNOR-272468 GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT ARHGAP32 protein A7KAX9 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12819203 t gcesareni "Gc-gap, a rho family gtpase-activating protein that interacts with signaling adapters gab1 and gab2we propose that gab1 and gab2 in cooperation with other adapter molecules might regulate the cellular localization of gc-gap under specific stimuli." SIGNOR-102628 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Pro48 RSFLLRNpNDKYEPF -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263577 CAMTA1 protein Q9Y6Y1 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0005397 21385898 f irozzo "Our findings define properties of CAMTA1 in growth suppression and neuronal differentiation that support its assignment as a 1p36 tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma." SIGNOR-259100 "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser376 LKSKKGQsTSRHKKL 9606 9315650 t llicata "The cdk7-cych-p36 complex of transcription factor iih phosphorylates p53, enhancing its sequence-specific dna binding activity in vitro.  serines 371, 376, 378, and 392 may be the potential sites for this kinase." SIGNOR-269328 "BRCA1-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C298 SIGNOR ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 16530042 t lperfetto "These results establish that TopBP1 can activate both Xenopus and human ATR. Furthermore, these experiments provide conclusive evidence that the kinase activity that is induced by TopBP1 is intrinsic to the ATR protein itself and is not due to a kinase that associates with ATR." SIGNOR-263231 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT ACAT1 protein P24752 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr407 HALKQGEyGLASICN 9606 BTO:0002552 27867011 t lperfetto "Treatment with the FGFR1 inhibitor TKI258 in FGFR1-expressing H1299 cells led to decreased Y407 phosphorylation of ACAT1 in the mitochondrial fraction, where both ACAT1 and a fraction of FGFR1 were detected|Inhibition of tetrameric ACAT1 by abolishing Y407 phosphorylation or AH treatment results in decreased ACAT1 activity," SIGNOR-264423 EIF2B5 protein Q13144 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269123 "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269286 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-249134 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270747 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser795 SPYKFPSsPLRIPGG 9606 BTO:0000150 23336272 t lperfetto "Cyclin d1 is known to activate cdk4, which then phosphorylates the rb protein, leading to cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-216992 RPN2 protein P04844 UNIPROT "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272065 TPR protein P12270 UNIPROT MAD2L1 protein Q13257 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18981471 t miannu "Tpr directly binds to mad1 and mad2. / depletion of tpr decreases the levels of mad1 at kinetochores during prometaphase, correlating with the inability of mad1 to activate mad2, which is required for inhibiting apc(cdc20)." SIGNOR-181975 COL21A1 protein Q96P44 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35267698 t lperfetto "Integrins constitute a major group of receptors for extracellular matrix components, including collagens.|Among the four types, the signaling mechanism of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins has especially been reported. These integrins bind to both collagen types I and IV; however, their affinities differ: α1β1 has a higher affinity for collagen type IV, while α2β1 preferentially binds to collagen type I [13,23]." SIGNOR-272347 PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT SYNJ1 protein O43426 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 22371566 t miannu "We identified two novel Pak5 substrates, Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1, proteins that directly interact with one another to regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling. Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1 were phosphorylated by Pak5 and the other group II Paks in vitro, and Pak5 phosphorylation promoted Pacsin1-Synaptojanin1 binding both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-263024 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR LIMA1 protein Q9UHB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser362 PVHPKPLsPDSRASS 9606 BTO:0001033 23188829 t miannu "Mechanistic study revealed that EGF could activate the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of EPLIN through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-dependent signaling cascade. Pharmacological inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway effectively antagonized EGF-induced EPLIN degradation. Two serine residues, i.e. serine 362 and serine 604, were identified as putative ERK1/2 phosphorylation sites in human EPLIN, whose point mutation rendered resistance to EGF-induced protein turnover." SIGNOR-263062 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10669763 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 directly phosphorylate bcl2 exclusively at ser-70 p44mapk/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) and p42 mapk/erk2 are activated by il-3, colocalize with mitochondrial bcl2, and can directly phosphorylate bcl2 on ser-70 in a stauro-resistant manner both in vitro and in vivo molecular association." SIGNOR-270064 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC14 protein Q99879 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271994 SETD1B protein Q9UPS6 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 32546568 t miannu "SETD1B encodes a lysine-specific methyltransferase that assists in transcriptional activation of genes by depositing H3K4 methyl marks." SIGNOR-265578 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr100 FDKDGNGyISAAELR 9606 3415247 t miannu "Phosphorylation of calmodulin by the epidermal-growth-factor-receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylated calmodulin does not exhibit the characteristic ca2+ shift normally observed with calmodulin in electrophoretic gels, an observation that is consistent with this modification affecting the biological activity of the molecule." SIGNOR-266335 ZNF503 protein Q96F45 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25538248 f Monia "We asked whether higher pFAK staining in cells expressing Zpo2 correlates with reduced E-cadherin levels. Immunostaining for E-cadherin in the EpH4.9 and PyMT stable cell lines indicated a decrease in overall E-cadherin staining in Zpo2-overexpressing cells compared with the control (Fig. 6C). Similarly, Western blot analysis indicated a reduction in E-cadherin expression in Zpo2-expressing cells compared with the control (Fig. 6D)." SIGNOR-261190 CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "BCR consists of a pair of identical immunoglob- ulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains. though membrane BCR per se is not able to transduce downstream signaling, it does so by making BCR complex with CD79. The extracellular portion of the BCR is non-covalently coupled to a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the CD79A and CD79B. This association allows expression of BCR on the plasma membrane and BCR internalization after antigen recognition." SIGNOR-268189 GABRB1 protein P18505 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a3-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C332 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263757 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2E3 protein Q969T4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271364 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-262997 solifenacin chemical CHEBI:135530 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21524581 t Luana "The IC50 values for solifenacin, YM-46303, tiotropium bromide and ipratropium bromide were also determined for reference" SIGNOR-258312 domperidone chemical CHEBI:31515 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258720 TSHR protein P16473 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001379 32698392 t scontino "Activation of TSHR and the linked signaling cascades through binding of circulating TSH plays a pivotal role in controlling thyrocyte growth and in regulating thyroid hormone production/secretion. This is executed through switching on different subtypes of G proteins and signaling pathways. Among them, the Gαs- and Gαq-induced cascades are of the greatest importance, as they have been tightly linked to specific intracellular signal transductions downstream of TSHR in response to stimulations" SIGNOR-267138 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 11085989 f miannu "We show here that leptin can activate ERK signaling in thehypothalamus and that this stimulation is likely to occur viatwo pathways, both involving SHP-2.We have shown above that SHP-2 is a positive mediator of ERK activation by ObRb and that this requires both the phosphatase activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2. Furthermore,Tyr-985 is required for maximal ERK phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263499 GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT HAMP protein P81172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 21609320 f miannu "Co-transfection of a GATA-4 expression vector with a hepcidin promoter reporter construct enhanced hepcidin promoter transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-254196 beta-Funaltrexamine chemical CHEBI:81527 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258772 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 10090 BTO:0000944 SIGNOR-C3 17510057 t lperfetto "mTORC1 catalyzes the phosphorylation of eIF4E binding protein-1 (4EBP1, also known as PHAS-I) and p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1)Phosphorylation of S6K1 at Thr-389" SIGNOR-235507 MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT ATG3 protein Q9NT62 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22170151 t gcesareni "Lc3-i is activated by the same atg7 involved in atg12 conjugation, transferred to atg3, a second e2-like enzyme, and finally conjugated to pe." SIGNOR-191549 DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 22521266 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated foxo1 is inactive and retained in the cytosol. Mkp-3 mediated dephosphorylation activates foxo1 and subsequentially promotes its nuclear translocation and binding to the promoters of gluconeogenic genes, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase)." SIGNOR-197194 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Thus, we propose that mapk phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 controls ngf receptor/trka-mediated endocytosis by terminating the amphiphysin1-ap-2 interaction.Our results indicate that phosphorylation of amphiphysin 1 at ser-285 and/or ser-293 affects the function of amphiphysin1.Mapk phosphorylation of ser-285 and ser-293 could modulate the interaction between prd and ap-2, resulting in the dissociation of amphiphysin1 from ap-2." SIGNOR-270102 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CHMP4C protein Q96CF2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 ARRSRAAsSQRAEEE 9606 22724069 t lperfetto "Moreover, we find that the cpc's catalytic subunit, aurora b kinase, phosphorylates one of the three human snf7 paralogues-chmp4c-in its c-terminal tail, a region known to regulate its ability to form polymers and associate with membranes. Phosphorylation at these sites appears essential for chmp4c function because their mutation leads to cytokinesis defects. The introduction of the s214a and s215a mutations together with s210a almost completely abolished aurora b phosphorylation" SIGNOR-197971 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 25451943 f gcesareni "Adipogenesis is controlled by a transcriptional cascade composed of a large number of transcriptional factors, among which CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) ² plays an essential role." SIGNOR-250562 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser285 QRVPSYDsFDSEDYP BTO:0003637 12475968 t llicata "Increased Transactivation of the GM-CSF Promoter/Enhancer by Ets1 with Mutated CaMK II Sites | Significantly, phosphorylation of Ets1 by Ca2+-dependent pathways is thought to inhibit DNA binding in vitro. To analyze the role of these four serines, S251, S257, S282, and S285, in transcription, we constructed three mutant derivatives of human Ets1 " SIGNOR-250687 RPS13 protein P62277 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262439 "MITRAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C538 SIGNOR COX4I1 protein P13073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 23260140 t "Each association relies on the supply of subunits from either the cytosol or the mitochondrial matrix, suggesting that human TIM21 ushers nuclear-encoded proteins to assembly intermediates. In agreement with this, assembly of the early cytochrome c oxidase subunit COX4-1 requires TIM21, whereas it is dispensable for late-assembling subunits. The finding that TIM21 also interacts with complex I intermediates points to a more general role of TIM21 in respiratory-chain assembly. Furthermore, TIM21 appears to be tightly connected to MITRAC15, which, in contrast to TIM23 and MITRAC12, coimmunoprecipitates with TIM21 under all tested conditions. MITRAC15 associates with MITRAC and is required for complex IV but also complex I assembly." SIGNOR-272487 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr702 FGMSRDVySTDYYRV 10090 BTO:0000944 10533983 t miannu "TrkB autophosphorylation occurs on five cytoplasmic tyrosines: Y484, Y670, Y674, Y675, and Y785. Mutagenesis of Y484 inhibits the interaction between Shc and TrkB, and also block the E3DNF-inducible tyrosine phoslphorylation of Shc" SIGNOR-250205 ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser300 KKDQEGDsAAALSLY 9606 20643644 t Manara "We show that ULK3 autophosphorylation occurs at four serine residues (Ser-300, Ser-350, Ser-384, and Ser-464) situated outside of the KD | Thus, autophosphorylation of ULK3 may involve conformational changes resulted in exposure of CTD to KD and consequently in generation of the catalytically active kinase." SIGNOR-260793 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257526 GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser373 SMGTLRTsISVERQI 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251205 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1172 ISLDNPDyQQDFFPK 9606 BTO:0000567 10653583 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "After binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF), the EGF receptor (EGFR) becomes autophosphorylated via tyrosine." SIGNOR-236467 pregnenolone smallmolecule CHEBI:16581 ChEBI progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000048 2243100 t lperfetto "Three beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase (3 beta-HSD) catalyze the oxidative conversion of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroids to the delta 4-3-keto configuration and is therefore essential for the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids, namely progesterone, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens." SIGNOR-268630 "Fanconi anemia ID complex" complex SIGNOR-C302 SIGNOR BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT up-regulates 18985065 f lperfetto "Once monoubiquitinated, the ID complex becomes associated with chromatin and is redistributed to DNA-damage sites, forming foci that are visible by immunofluorescence and colocalizing with other DNA-repair molecules, notably BRCA1, BRCA2 and γH2AX." SIGNOR-263270 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT PIK3C2A protein O00443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7692086 t gcesareni "Analysis of the ability of the full-length igfr and its mutant receptors described above to associate with phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase indicated that the association required ptk activity and tyrosine [?] Phosphorylation of the receptors and correlated well with their transforming activities" SIGNOR-32076 "Infliximab (Remicade)" antibody DB00065 DRUGBANK TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26092578 t "Infliximab [IFX] is a monoclonal antibody designed to intercept and neutralise tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], a key inflammatory cytokine" SIGNOR-272489 NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000003 18540626 f miannu "Among approximately 40 kinds of phytochemicals, tangeretin and ginkgolides A and B markedly induced the PXR-dependent transcriptional activity and also the activity of the human MDR1 promoter. The expression levels of MDR1 mRNA as well as of CYP3A4 mRNA, another gene regulated by PXR, were significantly increased by these phytochemicals." SIGNOR-254834 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004473 19049325 f miannu "FGF2 increases PC-1 and Ank expression while inhibiting Tnap expression in primary pre-osteoblast cells. Additionally, we show that the induction of PC-1 by FGF2 is cell type specific and mediated by the transcription factor, Runx2." SIGNOR-252191 CUL4A protein Q13619 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22649780 t gcesareni "The CUL4 family employs the structurally distinct triple WD40 ²-propeller domain-containing DDB1 adaptor to recruit members of the DDB1€“CUL4 associated factors (DCAF) family of substrate receptors" SIGNOR-234793 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 15489227 t lperfetto "Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained ikkalpha, ikkbeta, ikkepsilon, and tbk1. collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter." SIGNOR-217376 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr138 PAVTSAGtPKRVIVQ 9606 18326489 t lperfetto "P35 phosphorylation by cdk5 interferes with the microtubule-binding and polymerizing activities of p35. Using a mutational approach, we found that only phosphorylation at thr-138, one of the two residues primarily phosphorylated in vivo, inhibits the polymerizing activity" SIGNOR-177967 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser177 ASSGSSAsFISDTFS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248369 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT VDAC1 protein P21796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001279 20797535 t "P00441:p.Gly38Arg (mutation causing interaction)" "Misfolded Mutant SOD1 Directly Inhibits VDAC1 Conductance in a Mouse Model of Inherited ALS|With conformation-specific antibodies, we now demonstrate that misfolded mutant SOD1 binds directly to the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1), an integral membrane protein imbedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane." SIGNOR-262798 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR INF2 protein Q27J81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys982 ALLADIRkGFQLRKT 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272806 ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19878745 t Manara "We show that ULK3 is able to phosphorylate three mammalian GLI proteins in vitro" SIGNOR-260798 ELF4 protein Q99607 UNIPROT CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000782 14625302 f miannu "Myeloid elf1-like factor is a potent activator of interleukin-8 expression in hematopoietic cells" SIGNOR-119204 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT EIF4ENIF1 protein Q9NRA8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser374 GLEQAILsPGQNSGN 9606 22966201 t llicata "Identification of 4e-t phosphorylation sites regulated by jnk. identification of these residues as phosphorylation sites (ser301, ser374, ser513, ser587, ser693, and ser752) was obtained by ms/ms sequencing, these results demonstrate that jnk activity is required to stimulate the assembly of pbs in response to oxidative stress." SIGNOR-198988 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 9278437 t lperfetto "Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (mkk4)/stress-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (sek1), a dual-specificity kinase that phosphorylates and activates jnk, synergized with tak1 in activating jnk.Taken together, these results identify TAK1 as a regulator in the HPK1 --> TAK1 --> MKK4/SEK1 --> JNK kinase cascade and indicate the involvement of JNK in the TGF-beta signaling pathway." SIGNOR-50618 MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 21673106 f "miR-143 and miR-145 target KLF4" gcesareni "This result suggests that mrtf-a, but not myocd, is essential for bmp4-dependent induction ofmir-143/145gene transcription. Of the mirnas identified to target klf4, only mir-143 and mir-145 were induced at least 1.5-fold by both bmp4 and tgf- , suggesting that they may be critical for bmp4- and tgf- -mediated reduction of klf4." SIGNOR-174261 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser515 SGDRSGYsSPGSPGT 9606 BTO:0000590 9832145 t lperfetto "Sequencing of 32P-labeled trypsin phosphopeptides from tau prephosphorylated by A-kinase (using unlabeled ATP) and further phosphorylated by GSK-3 in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP revealed that Ser-195, Ser-198, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-262, Ser-356 and Ser-404 are phosphorylated, whereas if tau is not prephosphorylated by A-kinase, GSK-3 phosphorylates it at Thr-181, Ser-184, Ser-262, Ser-356 and Ser-400. These data suggest that (i) prephosphorylation of tau by A-kinase makes additional and different sites accessible for phosphorylation by GSK-3; (ii) phosphorylation of tau at these additional sites further inhibits the biological activity of tau in its ability to bind to microtubules and promote microtubule assembly." SIGNOR-249354 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000793 20080744 t miannu "We have recently discovered that the glycolysis-promoting enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, isoform 3 (PFKFB3), is degraded by the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1, which also degrades cell-cycle proteins." SIGNOR-271435 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser385 MARVGGAsSLENTVD -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikkepsilon And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178363 MTNR1B protein P49286 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256986 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 19162178 t gcesareni "The hgf-induced wave2 transport, lamellipodia formation, stathmin/op18 phosphorylation at ser38 and binding to kinesin-wave2 complex, but not stathmin/op18 phosphorylation at ser25 and microtubule growth, were abrogated by pak1 inhibitor ipa-3" SIGNOR-183503 "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "3-phosphonato-D-glyceroyl phosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57604 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11724794 t miannu "GAPDH is commonly known as a key enzyme in glycolysis (GAPDH catalyzes the NAD-mediated oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate), a number of intriguing intracellular roles have been reported including modulation of the cytoskeleton, kinase activity, and the promotion of vesicle fusion" SIGNOR-266496 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 26049753 f "Overexpression of c-MYC resulted in SIRT1 deubiquitination, whereas c-MYC knockdown led to decrease in SIRT1 protein stability and expression." SIGNOR-261558 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr393 DFVGHQGtVPSDNID -1 8662852 t "we report the identification of the sites of GRK2- and GRK5-mediated beta2AR phosphorylation. six are phosphorylated by GRK5 (Thr-384, Thr-393, Ser-396, Ser-401, Ser-407, and Ser-411)." SIGNOR-251200 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1253 EGSFESRyQQPFEDF 9606 BTO:0000142 1689310 t llicata "We have identified the sites phosphorylated in vitro by epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor kinase in bovine brain phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma). They are tyrosine residues 472, 771, 783, and 1254. we propose, therefore, that the phosphorylation of plc-gamma by egf receptor kinase alters its interaction with putative inhibitory proteins and leads to its activation." SIGNOR-20976 "Av/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C175 SIGNOR TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18757303 f lperfetto "Recombinant human LN-511 alone was suffi- cient to enable self-renewal of mouse ES cells for up to 169 days (31 passages). Cells cultured on LN-511 maintained expression of pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Tert, UTF1, and Nanog|ES cells interacted with LN-511 via 􏰇1-integrins, mostly a6b1 and aVb1." SIGNOR-253274 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1101 GCRRRHSsETFSSTP 10090 15306821 t lperfetto "Nevertheless, s6k1-deficient mice remain sensitive to insulin owing to the apparent loss of a negative feedback loop from s6k1 to insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs1), which blunts s307 and s636/s639 phosphorylation; thus under conditions of nutrient satiation s6k1 negatively regulates insulin." SIGNOR-127904 PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 11163259 t miannu "We demonstrate that LIS1 directly interacts with the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (CDHC) and NUDEL. LIS1 is required for the proper distribution of NUDEL and cellular components regulated by CDHC function. Reduction of LIS1 leads to mislocalization of NUDEL, CDHC, β-tubulin, and the Golgi complex" SIGNOR-252157 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser38 LGPGTRLsLARMPPP -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. The sites phosphorylated by aurora-b;thr-7/ser-13/ser-38 of gfap, and thr-16 of desmin are common with those related to rho-associated kinase (rho-kinase), which has been reported to phosphorylate gfap and desmin at cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We identified ser-59 of desmin to be a specific site phosphorylated by aurora-b in vitro." SIGNOR-100188 SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10980415 f miannu "Since Sox9 also contains a potent transcription activation domain, it is a typical transcription factor. Two other members of the Sox family, L-Sox5 and Sox6, also bind to the 48-bp Col2a1 enhancer and together with Sox9 activate this enhancer as well as the endogenous Col2a1" SIGNOR-251760 DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9743501 t gcesareni "Daxx was found to activate the jnk kinase kinase ask1, and overexpression of a kinase-deficient ask1 mutant inhibited fas- and daxx-induced apoptosis and jnk activation." SIGNOR-60164 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20570526 t Luana "Sunitinib [inhibits KDR, PDGFR2, PDGFRβ, c-KIT and FLT3; approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors]," SIGNOR-257851 TOLLIP protein Q9H0E2 UNIPROT IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10854325 t lperfetto "Binding of IL-1 to its receptor results in rapid assembly of a membrane-proximal signalling complex that consists of two different receptor chains (IL-1Rs), IL-1RI and IL-1RAcP, the adaptor protein MyD88, the serine/threonine kinase IRAK and a new protein, which we have named Tollip. Here we show that, before IL-1β treatment, Tollip is present in a complex with IRAK, and that recruitment of Tollip–IRAK complexes to the activated receptor complex occurs through association of Tollip with IL-1RAcP. Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (and IL-1Rs)" SIGNOR-251980 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "In the absence of hedgehog signaling, gli1 is transcriptionally repressed, gli2 is phosphorylated by gsk3 and ck1 for the fbxw11 (betatrcp2)-mediated degradation, and gli3 is processed to a cleaved repressor." SIGNOR-154222 OGA protein O60502 UNIPROT PFKP protein Q01813 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deglycosylation Ser540 VMVPATVsNNVPGSD 9606 26399441 t lperfetto "Our previous investigation on O-GlcNAcylation of PFK1 has demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation inhibits PFK1 enzyme activity|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively." SIGNOR-267606 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT VEPH1 protein Q14D04 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 22055343 f "In the neuronal differentiation" lperfetto "Melted represses warts transcription to disrupt hippo pathway activity and specify rh5 fate wts and melt repress each other s transcription in a double negative, bistable feedback loop that directs robust expression of either rh5 or rh6 in r9" SIGNOR-177071 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PIAS2 protein O75928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser113 STSVTPHsPSSPVGS 9606 BTO:0000007 16713578 t miannu "The switch between the coactivating and inhibitory actions of PIASxα is controlled, at least in part, through PIASxα phosphorylation. PIASxα is itself phosphorylated by p38 in vitro and in vivo in response to the activation of stress signaling pathways (Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4). We identify Ser113 and Ser 116 as two residues that are phosphorylated by p38 and have important functional roles" SIGNOR-262948 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 t apalma "Once phosphorylated, Akt can act on a broad spectrum of substrates that can influence cell survival and proliferation and protein synthesis (65). Phosphorylation of mTOR by Akt leads to mTOR activation (40, 52) and the subsequent activation of p70S6K" SIGNOR-255844 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 11108261 t lperfetto "Studies using mutants of er-alpha demonstrated that akt increased estrogen receptor activity through the amino-terminal activation function-1 (af-1). Serines s104 s106, s118, and s167 appear to play a role in the activation of er-alpha by akt." SIGNOR-84967 TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr145 PVEDDADyEPPPSND 9606 BTO:0000782 10660534 t lperfetto "Resting lymphocyte kinase (rlk/txk) targets lymphoid adaptor slp-76 in the cooperative activation of interleukin-2 transcription in t-cells. In this study, we report that rlk phosphorylates slp-76 at its n-terminal yesp/yepp sites. A third tyrosine within the amino-terminal region (y145) appears to be the most important for optimal slp-76 function" SIGNOR-74848 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 2846551 t gcesareni "Heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activation by insulin results from ser-466 and ser-483 phosphorylation and requires 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, but not protein kinase b." SIGNOR-23757 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11955435 t gcesareni "In principle, pka, ck-1 and gsk3 can phosphorylate as many as 19 serine residues in gli3: fourpkasites, three primarygsk3sites, four primary ck-1 sites and eight secondary gsk3 and ck-1 sites" SIGNOR-116512 TESK1 protein Q15569 UNIPROT CFL2 protein Q9Y281 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVTVNDE 9606 BTO:0001363 11418599 t lperfetto "Like TESK1, TESK2 phosphorylated cofilin specifically at Ser-3 and induced formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesionsExpression of cofilin or S3A-cofilin into HeLa cells induced marked decreases in rhodamine-phalloidin staining due to the actin binding and -depolymerizing activity of cofilin" SIGNOR-246719 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 KNIVTPRtPPPSQGK 9606 1939237 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation decreased the ability of mbp to polymerize actin and to bundle actin filaments but had no effect on the dissociation constant of the mbp-actin complex or on the ability of ca2+-calmodulin to dissociate the complex. The most significant effect of phosphorylation on the mbp-actin complex was a dramatic reduction in its ability to bind to negatively charged lipid bilayers. The identification of myelin basic protein (phosphorylation at -pro-arg-thr-pro-) as a substrate for the erk kinases (fig. 1) demonstrates that there are other determinants important for substrate recognition than those present in the originally identified consensus sequence." SIGNOR-22420 CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT Macrophage_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH126 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 32283152 f miannu "The rapid replication of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice induces the delayed release of IFN-α/β, which is accompanied by the influx of many pathogenic inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The accumulated mononuclear macrophages receive activating signals through the IFN-α/β receptors on their surface and produce more monocyte chemoattractants (such as CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12), resulting in the further accumulation of mononuclear macrophages." SIGNOR-260849 RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR "form complex" binding phosphorylation:Ser327 ELPTRVSsPVFGATS 25400280 t lperfetto "The BRCA1–C complex consisting of BRCA1, Mre11:Rad50:Nbs1 (collectively known as the MRN complex) and CtIP plays a role in DSB end resection, a process that also involves EXO1 and DNA2|The interaction between BRCA1 and CtIP within this complex is mediated by CDK‐dependent phosphorylation of CtIP‐S327" SIGNOR-263220 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr170 GSPNRAYtHQVVTRW 9606 11113184 t amattioni "Threonine-170 of cdk7 is phosphorylated in vitro by cdk2. Full activation of cdk7 requires phorylation of a conserved threonine residue at position 170 in its own t loop." SIGNOR-85013 alemtuzumab antibody DB00087 DRUGBANK CD52 protein P31358 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000776 15757437 t miannu "Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52, a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is highly expressed on normal T- and B-lymphocytes, and on a large proportion of malignant lymphoid cells, but not on hematopoietic progenitor cells." SIGNOR-259883 SKA3 protein Q8IX90 UNIPROT "SKA complex" complex SIGNOR-C364 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 22483620 t lperfetto "We show that the structure of the Ska core complex is a W-shaped dimer of coiled coils, formed by intertwined interactions between Ska1, Ska2, and Ska3." SIGNOR-265196 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000671 16239230 t miannu "Both pp2a holoenzymes were found to associate with raf1 and catalyze dephosphorylation of inhibitory phospho-ser-259. Together these findings indicate that pp2a abalphac and abdeltac holoenzymes function as positive regulators of raf1-mek1/2-erk1/2 signaling by targeting raf1." SIGNOR-141170 PRPF19 protein Q9UMS4 UNIPROT PRPF3 protein O43395 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 20595234 t k63 miannu "Here, we report that the spliceosomal Prp19 complex modifies Prp3, a component of the U4 snRNP, with nonproteolytic K63-linked ubiquitin chains. The K63-linked chains increase the affinity of Prp3 for the U5 snRNP component Prp8, thereby allowing for the stabilization of the U4/U6.U5 snRNP. " SIGNOR-271966 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT TLR3 protein O15455 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22310660 f lperfetto "Together, these data indicated that E2F1 suppresses TLR3 transcription, but during immune stimulation, Rb is upregulated to block the inhibitory effect of E2F1 on TLR3, highlighting a role of Rb-E2F1 axis in the innate immune response in epithelial cells." SIGNOR-254136 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "Purified pkg isoforms ia, ib, and ii all caused incorporation of phosphate in recombinant hsp27 at ser-78, ser-82, and thr-143, but not ser-15.These Studies indicate that hsp27 is a genuine substrate for pkg and that pkg may mediate inhibition of platelet aggregation through phosphorylation of hsp27 and subsequent prevent of actin polymerization" SIGNOR-186788 dutasteride chemical CHEBI:521033 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191445 RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT JKAMP protein Q9P055 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19269966 t miannu "RNF5 is a ubiquitin ligase anchored to the ER membrane implicated in ERAD via ubiquitination of misfolded proteins. This association results in Ubc13-dependent RNF5-mediated noncanonical ubiquitination of JAMP. This ubiquitination does not alter JAMP stability but rather inhibits its association with Rpt5 and p97." SIGNOR-271483 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC18 protein Q5QNW6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265394 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2609 LTPMFVEtQASQGTL 9606 16908529 t gcesareni "Finally, in vitro atr-mediated phosphorylation at the t2609 cluster was further confirmed by western blot analysis using phosphospecific antibodies against t2647 (fig. ?(Fig.7e),7e), suggesting that dna-pkcs could be the direct target of atr kinase." SIGNOR-148722 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HJURP protein Q8NCD3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser486 GLETRRLsLPSSKAK -1 17256767 t miannu "These data define a new protein complex in mammalian cells where 14‐3‐3 associates with FAKTS through phosphorylated S479. Our research identifies a widely expressed eukaryotic protein FAKTS, as a new Akt/PKB substrate localized in the nucleus. Akt/PKB promotes FAKTS association with 14‐3‐3, placing FAKTS under the control of 14‐3‐3 proteins. FAKTS may play an important role in transmitting Akt/PKB‐mediated signals in the complex network of intracellular signal transduction." SIGNOR-262623 ACVR2B protein Q13705 UNIPROT ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr206 VQRTVARtIVLQEII 9606 8622651 t miannu "Activin binds directly to ActR-IIB, and this complex associates with ActR-IB, which does not bind ligand on its own. In the resulting complex, ActR-IB becomes hyperphosphorylated, and this requires the kinase activity of ActR-IIB." SIGNOR-235146 KX2-391 chemical CID:23635314 PUBCHEM SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193624 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR "BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex" complex SIGNOR-C295 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14636569 t lperfetto "These findings identify BRCC as a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex that enhances cellular survival following DNA damage.|Reconstitution of a recombinant four-subunit complex containing BRCA1/BARD1/BRCC45/BRCC36 revealed an enhanced E3 ligase activity compared to that of BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer" SIGNOR-263208 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000574 7565762 f miannu "TPA induced EGR1 binding to the -69/+20 promoter sequences over a time course which correlated with increased MDR1 promoter activity and increased steady-state MDR1 RNA levels. These data suggest a role for EGR1 in modulating MDR1 promoter activity in hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-253871 KPNA4 protein O00629 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 20454918 t gcesareni "Nicd binds via one of its four potential nuclear localization signals to importins alfa3, alfa4, and alfa7." SIGNOR-254322 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 19118012 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by activated jnk protects c-jun from ubiquitination;phosphorylation of c-jun on ser73 by jnk is sufficient to protect c-jun from ubiquitination c-jun is targeted for ubiquitination by its association with inactive c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk). Phosphorylation by activated jnk protects c-jun from ubiquitination, thus by prolonging its half-life targets of the jnk signal transduction pathway include the transcription factors atf2 and c-jun apoptosis, altered;apoptosis, induced;transcription, altered;cell growth, altered;jnk1(disrupts);pin1(induces);dna(disrupts) transcription, altered;cell growth, altered;jnk1(disrupts);pin1(induces);dna(disrupts)" SIGNOR-183017 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr564 SKHKEDVyENLHTKN 9606 14699166 t llicata "Recombinant shp-1 had elevated activity subsequent to phosphorylation by src in vitro, and shp-1 variants with mutated phosphorylation sites in the c terminus, shp-1 y538f, and shp-1 y538f,y566f were less active toward src-generated phosphoproteins in intact cells." SIGNOR-120492 GSC protein P56915 UNIPROT EVX1 protein P49640 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 22178155 f miannu "We found that EVX1 repressed GSC expression and promoted formation of posterior streak-like progeny in response to BMP4, and conversely that GSC repressed EVX1 expression and was required for development of anterior streak-like progeny in response to activin." SIGNOR-254140 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C133 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20080667 t miannu "DAB2IP interacts via its C2 domain with GSK3β, recruiting phosphatase PP2A for S9 de-phosphorylation and leading to GSK3β activation" SIGNOR-254753 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PLN protein P26678 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr17 SAIRRAStIEMPQQA 10090 BTO:0003265 19696029 t "Akt interacts with and phosphorylates PLN at Thr(17), the Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent kinase IIdelta site, whereas silencing Akt signaling, through the knock-out of phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase-1, resulted in reduced phosphorylation of PLN at Thr(17)." SIGNOR-252578 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 17339337 t gcesareni "A cell-free ser(20) phosphorylation site assay was used to identify a broad range of calcium calmodulin kinase superfamily members, including chk2, chk1, dapk-1, dapk-3, drak-1, and ampk, as ser(20) kinases.Evaluation of these calcium calmodulin kinase superfamily members as candidate ser(20) kinases in vivo has shown that only chk1 or dapk-1 can stimulate p53 transactivation and induce ser(20) phosphorylation of p53." SIGNOR-153487 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16840789 t Luana "We conclude that the Nanog enhancer activity is regulated by both Sall4 and Nanog. " SIGNOR-266080 N-methyl-N-[3-[[[2-[(2-oxo-1,3-dihydroindol-5-yl)amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]methanesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:91370 ChEBI PTK2B protein Q14289 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206070 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PRDX6 protein P30041 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr177 TAEKRVAtPVDWKDG 9606 BTO:0000763 19140803 t miannu "These results show that the mapks can mediate phosphorylation of prdx6 at thr-177 with a consequent marked increase in its aipla(2) activity." SIGNOR-183379 DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15660129 t miannu "The dead box protein p68: a novel transcriptional coactivator of the p53 tumour suppressor" SIGNOR-133341 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086;BTO:0005511 15983365 f miannu "Transfection of NANOG-specific small interfering RNAs reduced levels of NANOG transcript and protein and induced activation of the extraembryonic endoderm-associated genes GATA4, GATA6, LAMININ B1, and AFP as well as upregulation of trophectoderm-associated genes CDX2, GATA2, hCG-alpha, and hCG-beta." SIGNOR-254621 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 24726876 t miannu "RACK1 Negatively Regulates the Type I IFN pathway. Here we report that IRF3 is deactivated via dephosphorylation mediated by the serine and threonine phosphatase PP2A and its adaptor protein RACK1. The PP2A-RACK1 complex negatively regulated the IRF3 pathway after LPS or poly(I:C) stimulation or Sendai virus (SeV) infection." SIGNOR-260944 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser276 PQRSRSPsPQPSSHV 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248521 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser434 SFEPKIRsPRRFIGS 9606 12586835 t gcesareni "The activation of p70s6k is associated with multiple phosphorylations at two sets of sites. The first set, s411, s418, t421, and s424, reside within the autoinhibitory domain, mutations of s371 abolished kinase activity. In mitotic hela cells, when the activity of cdc2 is high, s6k1 is phosphorylated at multiple ser/thr, pro (s/tp) sites, including ser(371), ser(411), thr(421), and ser(424)." SIGNOR-98215 MRGPRX2 protein Q96LB1 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257172 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17446862 t gcesareni "In mammalian cells, the antiapoptotic protein, bcl-2, binds to beclin 1 during nonstarvation conditions and inhibits its autophagy function." SIGNOR-154477 TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003432 10761931 t Luana "T-bet Transactivates the IFNγ Gene and Represses the IL-2 Gene in EL4 Cells" SIGNOR-266234 "Naloxone benzoylhydrazone" chemical CID:9601084 PUBCHEM OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258422 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29168 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270387 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser197 APRRRAAsMDSSSKL 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252828 "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "Respiratory electron transport chain" phenotype SIGNOR-PH141 SIGNOR up-regulates 30030361 f lperfetto "The oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) of the mitochondrial inner membrane is composed of five enzymes (complexes I–V; cI–V). In mammals, they are all multimeric and, except for cII, have subunits encoded both in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and the nuclear genome (nDNA)." SIGNOR-262140 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ATP2B1 protein P20020 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1178 APTKRNSsPPPSPNK -1 2548572 t miannu "The ATPase is phosphorylated only at this site by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and the phosphorylation is inhibited by calmodulin. The effect of the phosphorylation is to decrease the Km for Ca2+ of the purified ATPase from about 10 microM to about 1.4 microM and to increase the Vmax of ATP hydrolysis about 2-fold." SIGNOR-262694 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191532 eIF4F_complex complex SIGNOR-C44 SIGNOR 48S_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C454 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269166 Angiotensin-2 protein P01019-PRO_0000032458 UNIPROT AGTR2 protein P50052 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32201502 t MIANNU "Ang II initiates most of the RAS-attributed physiologic effects through selective interactions with G-proteincoupled Ang II type 1 (AT1) or type 2 (AT2) receptors and subsequent activation of distinct intra cellular signaling pathways" SIGNOR-260237 FBXW12 protein Q6X9E4 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 26171402 t miannu "FBXW12 causes depletion of endogenous and plasmid-derived IL-22R in lung epithelia, binds the E3 ligase constituent Skp-1, and facilitates ubiquitination of IL-22R in vitro." SIGNOR-272427 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT ANKRD26 protein Q9UPS8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000843 24430186 t lperfetto "In healthy individual, RUNX1/FLI1 complex negatively regulates ANKRD26 gene expression in MKs." SIGNOR-266070 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NPAT protein Q14207 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1350 ISRTTSAtPLKDNTQ 9606 10995387 t llicata "Importantly, mutation of cdk2 phosphorylation sites to alanine abrogates the ability of p220 to activate the histone h2b promoter." SIGNOR-82141 ATOH1 protein Q92858 UNIPROT MUC2 protein Q02817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17000673 f miannu "This study confirms the importance of HATH1 for the development of intestinal secretory cells. The results further suggest that HATH1 is an important factor in the up-regulation of MUC2 expression that occurs in mucinous cancers and signet ring carcinomas." SIGNOR-253755 ARHGEF10 protein O15013 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260535 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000142 11782488 f gcesareni "C-src was suggested to be involved in bmk1 activation from the experiments with herbimycin a and pp2, specific inhibitors of src family kinases." SIGNOR-113779 SCHEMBL14517914 chemical CID:10016910 PUBCHEM CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Xl844 (exelixis) a potent atp-competitive inhibitor of chk1 (ki, 2.2nm) and chk2 (ki, 0.07nm)." SIGNOR-163231 LLGL2 protein Q6P1M3 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C503 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270879 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22493435 t miannu "BTG2 was found to up-regulate expression of antioxidant enzymes known to be regulated by NFE2L2, including catalase, SOD1, and SOD2" SIGNOR-254653 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20162623 f Indirect:regulation miannu "Our results demonstrate that activin A induced Hb synthesis and promoter activation of the specific erythroid gene, ζ-globin, through p38α and p38β isoforms and their activator, MKK6 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6)." SIGNOR-251834 PRLR protein P16471 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 17975019 f miannu "We also show that activation of RS represses the expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and that of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (Galt), two proteins known to be essential for normal follicular development." SIGNOR-254187 APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT Apoptosome complex SIGNOR-C230 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 10206961 t lperfetto " APAF-1 binds and hydrolyzes ATP or dATP to ADP or dADP, respectively. The hydrolysis of ATP/dATP and the binding of cytochrome c promote APAF-1 oligomerization, forming a large multimeric APAF-1.cytochrome c complex. Such a complex can be isolated using gel filtration chromatography and is by itself sufficient to recruit and activate procaspase-9. " SIGNOR-256431 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser157 EHIERRVsNAGGPPA 9606 14679200 t lperfetto "Three phosphorylation sites have been identified in VASP: Ser157, Ser239, and Thr278, all of which can be phosphorylated by either PKA or PKG in vitro" SIGNOR-120347 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser468 AVFTDLAsVDNSEFQ 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000782 SIGNOR-C13 16046471 t lperfetto "Rela is phosphorylated at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k). We now present evidence that suggests that the upstream kinase ikkbeta plays an important role in tax-induced p53 inhibition through phosphorylation of p65/rela at ser-536. Ikkbeta plays an important role in tax-induced p53 inhibition through phosphorylation of p65/rela at ser-536." SIGNOR-138903 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser230 AFAQRPSsAPDLMCL 9606 17003105 t lperfetto "Here, we show that cdc25b is phosphorylated by chk1 in vitro on multiple residues, including s230 and s563.We show that the s230-phosphorylated form of cdc25b is located at the centrosome from early s phase until mitosis. Furthermore, mutation of s230 to alanine increases the mitotic-inducing activity of cdc25b" SIGNOR-149898 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-146879 somatostatin smallmolecule CHEBI:64628 ChEBI SSTR2 protein P30874 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257582 "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268609 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 16501611 t "Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway." SIGNOR-248499 P2RY4 protein P51582 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257122 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 SIGNOR-C7 15009097 t gcesareni "Gcn5 functions like pcaf, in that it binds to tgf-beta-specific r-smads, and enhances transcriptional activity induced by tgf-beta. In addition, gcn5, but not pcaf, interacts with r-smads for bone morphogenetic protein (bmp) signalling pathways, and enhances bmp-induced transcriptional activity, suggesting that gcn5 and pcaf have distinct physiological functions in vivo." SIGNOR-123315 "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 16115959 t lperfetto "N this study, we demonstrate an essential role for protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B in this process. In resting platelets, c-Src forms a complex with alphaIIbbeta3 and Csk, which phosphorylates c-Src tyrosine 529 to maintain c-Src autoinhibition. Fibrinogen binding to alphaIIbbeta3 triggers PTP-1B recruitment to the alphaIIbbeta3-c-Src-Csk complex in a manner that is dependent on c-Src and specific tyrosine (tyrosine 152 and 153) and proline (proline 309 and 310) residues in PTP-1B. Studies of PTP-1B-deficient mouse platelets indicate that PTP-1B is required for fibrinogen-dependent Csk dissociation from alphaIIbbeta3, dephosphorylation of c-Src tyrosine 529, and c-Src activation." SIGNOR-261800 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LAT protein O43561 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr220 SLDGSREyVNVSQEL 9606 BTO:0000782 16938345 t gcesareni "Evidence of lat as a dual substrate for lck and syk in t lymphocytes.Lat is a linker protein essential for activation of t lymphocytes. Its rapid tyrosine-phosphorylation upon t cell receptor (tcr) stimulation recruits downstream signaling molecules for membrane targeting and activation." SIGNOR-149186 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 GILARRPsYRKILKD 10090 BTO:0000452 11909979 t lperfetto "Using embryonic fibroblasts derived from these mice we were able to demonstrate an important role for these enzymes in the activation of CREB and the closely related transcription factor ATF1. | Our results clearly demonstrate that MSK1 and MSK2 are the major, if not the only, protein kinases that mediate the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 and of ATF1 at Ser63 in fibroblasts" SIGNOR-249145 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 10737771 t gcesareni "We discovered that mef2 interacts with histone deacetylases (hdacs) 4 and 5, resulting in repression of the transcriptional activity of mef2." SIGNOR-76234 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr417 SLPQATVtPPRKEER 9606 BTO:0000680;BTO:0001573;BTO:0001286 SIGNOR-C17 14551205 t lperfetto "Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene, by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b.Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain. Tuberin interacts with phosphohamartin, and tuberin expression attenuates the phosphorylation of exogenous hamartin. Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70s6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex" SIGNOR-118584 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21282467 t lperfetto "TFII-I has been shown to interact with USF and to associate with either E-box elements or initiator sequences to activate gene transcription" SIGNOR-268538 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 2808370 t gcesareni "Fz2 was also required for the wnt3a-dependent accumulation of beta-catenin, and wnt5a competed with wnt3a for binding to fz2 in vitro and in intact cells, thereby inhibiting the beta-catenin pathway." SIGNOR-23441 INVS protein Q9Y283 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15852005 t gcesareni "Inversin inhibits the canonical wnt pathway by targeting cytoplasmic dishevelled (dsh or dvl1) for degradation" SIGNOR-135766 SLC25A12 protein O75746 UNIPROT "aspartic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:22660 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12084073 t miannu "Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane." SIGNOR-265156 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr548 KKVAVVRtPPKSPSS 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "However, other kinases, such as cdk5, p38 and pka, also phosphorylate tau at t231tau phosphorylation at t231, s235 and s262 also contributes to the dissociation of tau from microtubules" SIGNOR-171022 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser721 PVVSGDTsPRHLSNV 9606 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249321 mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "chemical modification" 9606 19224921 f lperfetto "Because only mRNA molecules that have been correctly spliced, capped at the 5′ extremity, and processed at the 3′ extremity can be used as templates for translation, processing of mRNA precursors plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. 3′ processing of pre-mRNAs comprises two steps (reviewed in Ref. 4): cleavage and polyadenylation." SIGNOR-268322 SRGAP3 protein O43295 UNIPROT RAC2 protein P15153 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12447388 f miannu "Wrp binds directly to wave-1 through its src homology domain 3 and specifically inhibits rac function in vivo." SIGNOR-95921 MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr221 HQYFMTEyVATRWYR 9606 BTO:0000567 20667468 t miannu "ERK5 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that, after stimulation, is activated selectively by dual phosphorylation in the TEY motif by MAPK kinase 5 (MEK5). ERK5 is activated selectively by dual phosphorylation on Thr218 and Tyr220 in the TEY motif by its only upstream kinase, MEK5, a member of the MEK" SIGNOR-259825 SEC16A protein O15027 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265293 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr620 RAARFVStPFHEIMS 9606 17785528 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that bubr1 is phosphorylated on the cdk1 site t620, which triggers the recruitment of plk1 and phosphorylation of bubr1 by plk1 both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation does not appear to be required for spindle checkpoint function but instead is important for the stability of kinetochore-microtubule (kt-mt) interactions" SIGNOR-157642 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12169099 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Up-regulation of c-jun mrna in cardiac myocytes requires the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade, but c-jun n-terminal kinases are required for efficient up-regulation of c-jun protein." SIGNOR-270033 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 SIGNOR-C14 21673972 t lperfetto "These results demonstrate that the ikk is a direct substrate of ampk_2 and that its phosphorylation on ser177 and ser181no initiates the activation of the ampk_2 in endothelial cells which in turn phosphorylates and activates the _-subunit of the ikk. The latter also induces a higher rate of ikk auto-inactivation and thus attenuates the activation of nf_b and the expression of inflammatory genes" SIGNOR-174405 SETDB2 protein Q96T68 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation "Lys 10" RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 BTO:0000007 20404330 t miannu "Here, we have characterized a previously undescribed member of the histone H3K9 methyltransferase family named CLLD8 (or SETDB2 or KMT1F). This protein contributes to the trimethylation of both interspersed repetitive elements and centromere-associated repeats and participates in the recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1 to centromeres. Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) has emerged as an important player in the formation of heterochromatin, chromatin condensation, and transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-263894 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT USO1 protein O60763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser942 EEEDELEsGDQEDED -1 10931861 t llicata "Phosphorylation is mediated by casein kinase II (CKII) or a CKII-like kinase. | Serine 941 in the Acidic Domain of p115 Is Essential for Reassembly of Golgi Cisternae" SIGNOR-251082 MYO5A protein Q9Y4I1 UNIPROT VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21077886 t miannu "Another potential role of myosin Va in LDCV exocytosis lies in facilitating the formation of the SNARE complex, which is needed for fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane. Notably, myosin Va binds to at least two SNARE proteins in a Ca2+-dependent manner: at micromolar Ca2+-levels, it binds to VAMP2 located in the membrane of the cargo vesicle via its globular tail domain" SIGNOR-269281 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20704570 t gcesareni "Accordingly, smad3-associated pp2a activity was found under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia attenuated the nuclear accumulation of tgf-beta-induced smad3 but did not affect smad2. Moreover, the influence of tgf-beta on a set of smad3-activated genes was attenuated by hypoxia, and this was reversed by chemical pp2a inhibition. Our data demonstrate the existence of a smad3-specific phosphatase and identify a novel role for pp2a." SIGNOR-167480 ID4 protein P47928 UNIPROT SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21531766 f miannu "We found that ID4 enhanced SOX2 protein expression by suppressing microRNA-9* (miR-9*), which can repress SOX2 by targeting its 3'-untranslated region. " SIGNOR-255180 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr536 LPLNTDAyLSLQELQ -1 10214954 t "Recombinant p56(lck) phosphorylates in vitro tyrosine residues within the IL-2Rbeta chain. p56(lck) phosphorylates tyrosine residues 355, 358 and 361 but not 338 of the IL-2Rbeta chain acidic subdomain. p56(lck) also phosphorylates very efficiently the two tyrosines present in the IL-2Rbeta chain C-terminal region, Tyr-392 and Tyr-510." SIGNOR-251379 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser777 SMPLDQYsPSFPDTR 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Fgfr1 translocation requires p38 mapk activation which phosphorylates the c-term tail of fgfr1 on ser777" SIGNOR-166598 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT XPO5 protein Q9HAV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser416 GFPSKTDsPSCEYSR 9606 BTO:0000007 27846390 t lperfetto "Here we show that ERK suppresses pre-miRNA export from the nucleus through phosphorylation of exportin-5 (XPO5) at T345/S416/S497. After phosphorylation by ERK, conformation of XPO5 is altered by prolyl isomerase Pin1, resulting in reduction of pre-miRNA loading. " SIGNOR-262979 MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264689 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1071 SFLQRYSsDPTGALT 9606 BTO:0000007 10347170 t llicata " We show that serines 1046/1047 are sites for CaM kinase II phosphorylation, although there is a preference for serine 1047, which resides within the consensus -R-X-X-S-. In addition, we have identified major phosphorylation sites at serine 1142 and serine 1057, which lie within a novel -S-X-D- consensus. Mutation of serines 1046/1047 in full-length EGFR enhanced both fibroblast transformation and tyrosine autokinase activity that was significantly potentiated by additional mutation of serines 1057 and 1142. A single CaM kinase II site was also identified at serine 744 within sub-kinase domain III, and autokinase activity was significantly affected by mutation of this serine to an aspartic acid making this site appear constitutively phosphorylated. We have addressed the mechanism by which CaM kinase II phosphorylation of the EGFR might regulate receptor autokinase activity and show that this modification can hinder association of the cytoplasmic tail with the kinase domain to prevent an enzyme-substrate interaction. " SIGNOR-250621 TMLHE protein Q9NVH6 UNIPROT 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:15786 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11431483 t miannu "Epsilon-N-Trimethyllysine hydroxylase (EC ) is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of l-carnitine and catalyzes the formation of beta-hydroxy-N-epsilon-trimethyllysine from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine, a reaction dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe(2+), and oxygen." SIGNOR-269684 ACSL1 protein P33121 UNIPROT palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21242590 t miannu "Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) catalyze the thioesterification of long-chain FAs into their acyl-CoA derivatives. On the other hand, overexpression of ACSL1 resulted in large increases in oleoyl-CoA synthesis and palmitoyl-CoA synthesis in SMC lysates (Fig. 4A)." SIGNOR-267877 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr841 RSAFTTStVVRMHVG -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249287 IFNLR1 protein Q8IU57 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15120645 t gcesareni "Each r1-type chain (il-10r1, il-20r1, il-22r1, ifn-_r1 and ifn-_r1) is associated with jak1 tyrosine kinase and mediates recruitment of a variety of signaling molecules after being phosphorylated on its intracellular domain." SIGNOR-124480 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257282 E2F5 protein Q15329 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 21374739 t Luana "We identified for E2F5 a repressor function for HP1a expression." SIGNOR-261591 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr405 STSSSIIySSQEDVK 9606 21081495 t lperfetto "Mdm2 has three known c-abl phosphorylation sites (tyr276, tyr394, and tyr405)these data show that c-abl is important for reducing mdm2 and mdmx protein levels after genotoxic stress and suggest another cellular mechanism for the stabilization and activation of p53." SIGNOR-169703 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr305 TDAATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 18160256 t llicata "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248611 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr216 RSSSSEStGTPSNPD 9606 11983168 t fstefani "Cyclin g also binds in vivo and in vitro to mdm2 and markedly stimulates the ability of pp2a to dephosphorylate mdm2 at t216. Our data imply that the function of cyclin g is to serve as a negative regulator of p53 by activating mdm2 through dephosphorylation." SIGNOR-86736 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr450 TAQMITItPPDQDDS 9606 11839802 t gcesareni "Integrin alpha 2 beta 1 promotes activation of protein phosphatase 2a and dephosphorylation of akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta" SIGNOR-252616 WIPF1 protein O43516 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19121306 f lperfetto "However, we did detect WAFL binding to bothWIP and actin by immunoprecipitation (Fig. 4). In conclusion, we propose a model whereby WAFL associates toendocytic vesicles by its coiled-coil domain and is involved in actin-based movement of early endosomes via WIP and binding to actin." SIGNOR-260611 DIAPH1 protein O60610 UNIPROT CDH4 protein P55283 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000815 22820501 t lperfetto "Taken together, data obtained from MCF10A cells were consistent with the idea that Rho signaling to Dia1 and profilin-1 was essential for R-cadherin adherens junction formation." SIGNOR-253110 CDK2AP1 protein O14519 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 22427660 t lperfetto "The ubiquitously expressed CDK2AP1 protein is the only known specific inhibitor of CDK2, making it an important component of cell cycle regulation during G1-to-S phase transition." SIGNOR-264781 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser172 SLDRPFIsEGTTLKD 9606 8576253 t lperfetto "Recent studies have revealed that upon TGF-beta binding several serine and threonine residues in the GS domain of TGF-beta type I receptor (T beta R-I) are phosphorylated by TGF-beta type II receptor (T beta R-II) and that the phosphorylation of GS domain is essential for TGF-beta signalingThese observations indicate that serine 172 and threonine 176 of T beta R-I are dispensable for extracellular matrix protein production but essential to the growth inhibition by TGF-beta" SIGNOR-246728 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser180 GSSASFIsDTFSPYT 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248370 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser373 SMGTLRTsISVERQI 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t lperfetto "In addition, we found a protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of Ser(346) that was mutually exclusive with the basal phosphorylation at Ser(348) and therefore may be implicated in differential regulation of B2 receptor activation. Functional analysis of receptor mutants revealed that a low phosphorylation stoichiometry is sufficient to initiate receptor sequestration while a clustered phosphorylation around Ser(346) is necessary for desensitization of the B2 receptor-induced phospholipase C activation." SIGNOR-249108 SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 20940030 t gcesareni "The overexpression of siah1 causes the re-localization of notch from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus, which is indicative of notch activation" SIGNOR-168460 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 23213400 t miannu "We identify Aurora-A as a KLHL18-interacting partner. Overexpression of KLHL18 and CUL3 promotes Aurora-A ubiquitylation in vivo, and the CUL3-KLHL18-ROC1 ligase ubiquitylates Aurora-A in vitro. Our study reveals that the CUL3-KLHL18 ligase is required for timely entry into mitosis, as well as for the activation of Aurora-A at centrosomes." SIGNOR-272023 MED27 protein Q6P2C8 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266662 MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg756 KGQAGLQrALEILQE -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263435 MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT MERTK protein Q12866 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr753 KKIYSGDyYRQGRIA 9606 8702477 t gcesareni "By using a vaccinia virus expression system to express a constitutively activated form of nyk, we identified the major sites of nyk autophosphorylation in tryptic peptide iy749sgdy753y754r. Tyr-749, tyr-753, and tyr-754 in this peptide lie in the activation loop of the kinase domain." SIGNOR-42918 SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT dioxygen smallmolecule CHEBI:15379 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272282 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser795 TASTRKVsLAPQANL 9606 10581361 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of cf-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by pka and pkgcftr possesses a large cluster of strict dibasic consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase a (pka) in the r-domain and an obligatory dependence on phosphorylation is a hallmark of cftr cl(-) channel function" SIGNOR-72724 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr276 SIWKGVKtSGKVVWV 9606 BTO:0000567 17913921 t gcesareni "These results are consistent with the hypothesis that pkg phosphorylates hsert at thr-276 and increases its activity by modifying the substrate permeation pathway formed, in part, by tm5." SIGNOR-158186 JWOGUUIOCYMBPV-GMFLJSBRSA-N chemical CID:6918328 PUBCHEM HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257979 "Caspase 7 complex" complex SIGNOR-C232 SIGNOR PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 11058599 t amattioni "Caspase-7 cleaves parp;redundancy exists between the caspase-3 and -7 at the level of parp proteolysis." SIGNOR-256470 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr229 HFFKNIVtPRTPPPS 9606 BTO:0000661 12760422 t lperfetto "Thr94 in bovine myelin basic protein is a second phosphorylation site for 42-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK2)." SIGNOR-249419 SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "hydrogen peroxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16240 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29301787 t lperfetto "Oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus (DM)–induced endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1,2 The major cellular defense against superoxide (O2•−) is SODs (superoxide dismutases), which consists of the SOD1 (cytoplasmic copper zinc SOD [Cu/ZnSOD]), the SOD2 (mitochondrial MnSOD), and the SOD3 (extracellular Cu/ZnSOD)." SIGNOR-272283 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257802 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000356 29945959 t lperfetto "FBXO22 elicits its antimetastatic effects by targeting SNAIL, a master regulator of EMT and breast cancer metastasis, for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation in a glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation-dependent manner. " SIGNOR-273447 vasopressin smallmolecule CHEBI:9937 ChEBI AVPR2 protein P30518 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257463 SLN protein O00631 UNIPROT ATP2A1 protein O14983 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 28487373 t lperfetto "These results suggest that sAnk1 interacts with SLN both directly and in complex with SERCA1 and reduces SLN's inhibitory effect on SERCA1 activity." SIGNOR-265929 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257687 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT NPY protein P01303 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 27154742 f lperfetto "Leptin binding inhibits the neuropeptide Y/agouti-related protein (NPY/AgRP) production and stimulates pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) production" SIGNOR-253075 PHIP protein Q8WWQ0 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 30018425 t miannu "One member of the CRL4 complex, the WD-40 containing protein RepID (DCAF14/PHIP), selectively binds and activates a group of replication origins. Here we show that RepID recruits the CRL4 complex to chromatin prior to DNA synthesis, thus playing a crucial architectural role in the proper licensing of chromosomes for replication. In the absence of RepID, cells rely on the alternative ubiquitin ligase, SKP2-containing SCF, to progress through the cell cycle." SIGNOR-266963 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser711 NPAKEPTsVSENEGI -1 11328814 t miannu "Here we incubated a recombinant preparation of the phospholipase in vitro with several enzymes including protein kinase CK2 (CK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to identify effects that might be of regulatory importance in vivo.Major findings were that 1) CK2 phosphorylated the phospholipase on serines 93, 105, and 716; 2) ERK2 phosphorylated the enzyme on serine 730; 3) there was cross-antagonism between the reactions that phosphorylated serines 716 and 730; 4) PP2A selectively hydrolyzed phosphate groups that were esterified to serines 716 and 730. The results of two independent experiments with each type of assay indicated that the incubation caused a 50% loss of phospholipase activity (TableV). These results differed from those of corresponding incubation experiments with PA-PLA1α plus ERK2 and MgATP (see “Experimental Procedures”), which provided no evidence for complex formation or phosphorylation-dependent loss of phospholipase activity" SIGNOR-262975 MAPKAPK3 protein Q16644 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser78 PAYSRALsRQLSSGV -1 8774846 t miannu "MAPKAP kinase-3 and MAPKAP kinase-2 phosphorylated peptide substrates with similar kinetic constants and phosphorylated the same serine residues in HSP27 at the same relative rates.The three serine residues in HSP27 phosphorylated by MAPKAPK2 were also phosphorylated at the same relative rates by MAPKAP-K3 (Ser-82>>Ser-78 >Ser-15)" SIGNOR-250160 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SYNGAP1 protein Q96PV0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1077 RGKSQQLtVSAAQKP -1 15358237 t miannu "Certain phosphopeptides were detected only in samples phosphorylated in vitro under conditions that favor CaMKII activity (Mg2+-ATP, Ca2+, calmodulin, and peptide inhibitors of PKA and PKC). In samples phosphorylated in vitro in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin, we also detected the peptide (R)GKS*QQLT*VSAAQKPR with phosphorylated residues corresponding to S-1058 and T-1062 of synaptic ras GTPase activating protein (SynGAP)." SIGNOR-262691 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser77 YEPEGSAsPTPPYLK 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248568 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser472 RPHFPQFsYSASGRE 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248653 CACNA1G protein O43497 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 33393208 t miannu "Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in neuronal plasticity and maintenance in mammals. Low-threshold voltage-gated T-type calcium channels produce calcium spikes that increase fast action potentials in newborn cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG)" SIGNOR-264033 RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24321385 t miannu "We observed that depletion of RAD21 (but not CTCF) enhanced RUNX1 transcription in human HL-60 myelocytic leukemia cells" SIGNOR-259973 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259036 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR menB protein P23966 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270976 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT POLL protein Q9UGP5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr204 EASDGEEtQVSAADL 9606 BTO:0000007 28109743 t done miannu "We identify threonine 204 (T204) as a main target for ATM/DNA-PKcs phosphorylation on human Polλ, and establish that its phosphorylation may facilitate the repair of a subset of IR-induced DSBs and the efficient Polλ-mediated gap-filling during NHEJ. " SIGNOR-273510 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr472 KLAEGSAyEEVPTSM 9606 BTO:0000142 1689310 t llicata "We have identified the sites phosphorylated in vitro by epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor kinase in bovine brain phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma). They are tyrosine residues 472, 771, 783, and 1254. we propose, therefore, that the phosphorylation of plc-gamma by egf receptor kinase alters its interaction with putative inhibitory proteins and leads to its activation." SIGNOR-20980 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 22944199 t lperfetto "Non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway has also been implicated in multiple functions including cell adhesion and cell movements during gastrulation. In this signaling cascade, binding of Wnt to the Fzd receptor leads to the release of intracellular Ca2+, a process which is mediated through heterotrimeric G proteins, PLC (phospholipase C) and CamKII (calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinae II) as well as PKC (protein kinase C). The increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration also activates the calcineurin phosphatase, leading to activation of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell)." SIGNOR-252320 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT SKA3 protein Q8IX90 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser159 SPRSPQLsDFGLERY -1 22371557 t miannu "Aurora B directly phosphorylated Ska1 and Ska3 in vitro, and expression of phosphomimetic mutants of Ska1 and Ska3 impaired Ska KT recruitment and formation of stable KT-MT fibers (K-fibers), disrupting mitotic progression. We propose that Aurora B phosphorylation antagonizes the interaction between the Ska complex and the KMN network, thereby controlling Ska recruitment to KTs and stabilization of KT-MT attachments." SIGNOR-262661 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr292 DTLNSDGyTPEPARI -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254732 4-fluoro-N-{2-[4-(7-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}benzamide chemical CHEBI:64101 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258893 OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT BEST1 protein O76090 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 18849347 f miannu "Three OTX family proteins - OTX1, OTX2 and CRX - bound to both Sites 1 and 2 in vitro, and all of them increased BEST1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-254888 CARM1 protein Q86X55 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates methylation 10090 BTO:0001103 29163212 t FFerrentino "The first evidence alluding to a role of PRMTs in mediating skeletal muscle plasticity, specifically myogenesis, arose from the identification of CARM1 as a glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) binding protein. (Chen et al., 2000). Here, GRIP1 and MEF2 were co-expressed in the nucleus during skeletal muscle differentiation. These initial findings led to an investigation that revealed that this methyltransferase was responsible for coactivating the transcription of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C) via GRIP1 " SIGNOR-255964 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr386 IGLNQPStPTHAAGV 9606 10567369 t lperfetto "An ERK2-binding site at the N terminus of MEK1 was reported to mediate their stable association. We examined the importance of this binding site in the feedback phosphorylation of mek1 on thr(292) and thr(386) by erk2" SIGNOR-236498 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11494141 f miannu "Defects in PTEN, a tumor suppressor, have been found in cancers arising in a variety of human tissues. To elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of this gene, we have been analysing expression profiles of cancer cells after introduction of exogenous PTEN. Those experiments identified 99 candidate genes that were transcriptionally transactivated. Among them, we report here the further analyses of eight genes, EGR2/Krox-20, BPOZ, APS, HCLS1/HS1, DUSP1/MKP1, NDRG1/Drg1/RTP, NFIL3/E4BP4, and a novel gene (PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase)." SIGNOR-260051 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 TVLVKDStNRDSLDM 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129276 MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 30566428 t lperfetto "Specifically, we demonstrate that MEKK3 interacts with WDR62 to stabilize WDR62 and regulates JNK activity in a synergic way. On the other hand, JNK activity also regulates the phosphorylation of WDR62 at T1053 in a feedback loop which facilities the recruitment of FBW7 degradation of WDR62" SIGNOR-271714 vatalanib chemical CHEBI:90620 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207645 TNC protein P24821 UNIPROT "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0001336 24241034 t lperfetto "Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages derived from arthritic joints spontaneously secreted tenascin-C and osteopontin. Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages obtained from patients with RA expressed α9β1 integrins, a common receptor for osteopontin and tenascin-C." SIGNOR-253312 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2070 DEYNVTPsPPGTVLT 9606 BTO:0000007 12794074 t "Ser-2093 is efficiently phosphorylated by GSK-3β and, to a minor extent, residues Thr-2068 and/or Ser-2070 and Thr-2074 of Notch2 are also targets for GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation. We also find that GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation of Notch2 is inhibiting transcriptional activation of different Notch target genes." SIGNOR-251254 FER protein P16591 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr142 AVVNLINyQDDAELA -1 12640114 t "Interaction of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin is regulated by the phosphorylation of beta-catenin Tyr-142. This residue can be phosphorylated in vitro by Fer or Fyn tyrosine kinases.  Transfection of these kinases to epithelial cells disrupted the association between both catenins." SIGNOR-251131 RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19785988 t miannu "In this study, we reported that RACK1, the receptor for activated C-kinase 1, associated with the cytoplasmic tail of CLEC-2. Moreover, overexpression of RACK1 decreased the stability of CLEC-2 through promoting its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, without impairing surface expression and downstream signaling of CLEC-2. Taken together, these results suggest RACK1 as a novel modulator of CLEC-2 expression.Previous reports indicated that RACK1 mediated ubiquitin–proteasome degradation of HIF-1a and BimEL by recruiting Elongin-C/B ubiquitin ligase complex" SIGNOR-272782 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CRMP1 protein Q14194 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser518 KYATPAPsAKSSPSK 9606 BTO:0000938 16611631 t lperfetto "Using in vitro kinase assays and pharmacological inhibition of gsk3 as described above for crmp2 and crmp4, it was found that thr509 (and presumably ser518 and thr514) of human crmp1 is phosphorylated by gsk3, following priming of ser522 by cdk5" SIGNOR-145991 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2407 AKVSGRPsSRKAKSP 9606 SIGNOR-C14 15494311 t "Translocation from Nucleus to Cytoplasm" gcesareni "Nf-kappab transcription requires ikkalpha to phosphorylate smrt on chromatin, stimulating the exchange of corepressor for coactivator complexes. Ikk directly phosphorylates smrt to stimulate nuclear export. Ikkalpha orchestrates smrt derepression, a prerequisite for nf-kappab transcription and survival." SIGNOR-129956 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr999 YASSNPEyLSASDVF 9606 10734133 t flangone "Finally, we have tested the set of ptps for their ability to dephosphorylate a phosphopeptide corresponding to the irk autophosphorylation site. tc-ptp, sap-1, and ptp-1b all tested positive, but ptp-? Showed no activity, although the same gst-ptp preparation could efficiently convert pnpp (tablei). Interestingly, many other ptps showed activity, namely dep-1, glepp-1, lar, ptp-?, -?, -?, And shp-1." SIGNOR-75938 TMEM258 protein P61165 UNIPROT "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272060 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270849 HEY1 protein Q9Y5J3 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 19917614 f lperfetto "Our results indicate instead that hey1 is recruited to the promoter regions of myogenin and mef2c, two genes whose induction is critical for myogenesis." SIGNOR-235822 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT FBXO4 protein Q9UKT5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser12 EPRSGTNsPPPPFSD 9606 21242966 t lperfetto "Gsk3beta-mediated phosphorylation of fbx4 ser12 during the g1/s transition regulates fbx4 dimerization, which in turn governs fbx4-driven e3 ligase activity." SIGNOR-171648 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPU protein Q71F23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr78 FDPPLHStAIYADEE 9606 17081991 t lperfetto "S77 and t78 of pbip1 are important for plk1-dependent pbip1 phosphorylation and degradation. Here, we demonstrate that a pbd-binding protein, pbip1, is crucial for recruiting plk1 to the interphase and mitotic kinetochores. Unprecedentedly, plk1 phosphorylated pbip1 at t78. Later in mitosis, plk1 also induced pbip1 degradation in a t78-dependent manner, thereby enabling itself to interact with other components critical for proper kinetochore functions" SIGNOR-150457 CHM protein P24386 UNIPROT RABGGTB protein P53611 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18532927 t miannu "Prenylation (or geranylgeranylation) of Rab GTPases is catalysed by RGGT (Rab geranylgeranyl transferase) and requires REP (Rab escort protein). In the classical pathway, REP associates first with unprenylated Rab, which is then prenylated by RGGT. In the alternative pathway, REP associates first with RGGT; this complex then binds and prenylates Rab proteins." SIGNOR-265571 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12000790 t lperfetto "We conclude that a major role of axin in the wnt is to provide the kinase activity that initiates the betBeta-catenin phosphorylation cascade at s45. This process is mediated by cki, the alfa, delta, or ? Isoform, all detected in association with axin by lc/ms." SIGNOR-227976 cabozantinib chemical CHEBI:72317 ChEBI RET protein P07949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21606412 t miannu "XL184 (cabozantinib) is a potent inhibitor of MET, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and RET, with robust antiangiogenic, antitumor, and anti-invasive effects in preclinical models." SIGNOR-259321 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" binding 9606 9162033 t lperfetto "Androgen and glucocorticoid receptor heterodimer formation. A possible mechanism for mutual inhibition of transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-48513 CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28642685 t miannu "Rab interacting molecules (RIMs) are multi-domain proteins that positively regulate the number of Ca2+ channels at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Several molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated for RIM-binding to components of the presynaptic Ca2+ channel complex, the key signaling element at the AZ. Here, we report an interaction of the C2B domain of RIM2α and RIM3γ with the C-terminus of the pore-forming α–subunit of CaV1.3 channels (CaV1.3α1), which mediate stimulus-secretion coupling at the ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). " SIGNOR-264359 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT NRBF2 protein Q96F24 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser120 SPLSQKYsPSTEKCL 9606 BTO:0001938 28059666 t miannu "Human NRBF2 is phosphorylated by MTORC1 at S113 and S120. Upon nutrient starvation or MTORC1 inhibition, NRBF2 phosphorylation is diminished. Phosphorylated NRBF2 preferentially interacts with PIK3C3/PIK3R4. Suppression of NRBF2 phosphorylation by MTORC1 inhibition alters its binding preference from PIK3C3/PIK3R4 to ATG14/BECN1, leading to increased autophagic PtdIns3K complex assembly, as well as enhancement of ULK1 protein complex association." SIGNOR-265875 RNF25 protein Q96BH1 UNIPROT NKD2 protein Q969F2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18757723 t miannu "Here, we show that Naked2 is a short-lived protein with a half-life of 60 min caused by its rapid ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Overexpression of TGF-alpha stabilizes Naked2 protein in an EGF receptor (EGFR)-independent manner; a physical interaction between the cytoplasmic tail of TGF-alpha and Naked2 is necessary and sufficient for this protection. We have identified a RING finger protein, AO7/RNF25, as a ubiquitin ligase for Naked2, and we have shown that overexpression of TGF-alpha reduces binding of AO7 to Naked2." SIGNOR-271738 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252848 BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT STAMBP protein O95630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2 sDHGDVSL 9534 BTO:0000298 11483516 t llicata "BMP type I receptor activation stimulates AMSH phosphorylation | The exact position of phosphoserine residues in four phosphopeptides was identified by Edman degradation analysis; spot a for Ser243, Ser245 and Ser247, spot b for Ser2, and spots c and d for Ser48. To confirm the position of the phosphoserine residues, the serine residue(s) in each phosphopeptide was replaced by alanine residues. Then, each mutant as well as wild‐type AMSH was transfected into COS7 cells in the absence or presence of caALK6, and tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of each mutant was performed. As seen in Figure 7, each spot corresponding to the phosphopeptide containing phosphoserine disappeared in the tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. | Thus, AMSH promotes BMP signaling by negatively regulating the function of I‐Smads." SIGNOR-250596 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT EID1 protein Q9Y6B2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 11073989 t miannu "Degradation of EID-1 occurs via ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and correlates with MDM2 binding. These results are consistent with a model wherein destruction of EID-1 is linked to its ability to interact with MDM2 via either p300 or pRB." SIGNOR-272582 RNF125 protein Q96EQ8 UNIPROT IFIH1 protein Q9BYX4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0005029 17460044 t miannu "Here, we found that RIG-I undergoes proteasomal degradation after conjugation to ubiquitin by RNF125. Further, RNF125 conjugates ubiquitin to MDA5, a family protein of RIG-I as well as IPS-1, which is also a downstream protein of RIG-I signaling that results in suppressing the functions of these proteins. Because RNF125 is enhanced by IFN, these functions constitute a negative regulatory loop circuit for IFN production." SIGNOR-271646 OST4 protein P0C6T2 UNIPROT "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272061 SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000038 17875931 t irozzo "We have demonstrated that Sox17 and Sox4 can directly interact with β-catenin and TCF/LEF proteins.Sox4 enhances β-catenin/TCF activity and the proliferation of SW480 cells.In contrast, Sox4 may function to stabilize β-catenin protein." SIGNOR-256138 VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT NPLOC4 protein Q8TAT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20442859 t miannu "These findings ascribe specific functions to each of the components of the VCP-UFD1L-NPL4 complex in Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation: VCP energizes the process through ATP binding and hydrolysis, UFD1L binds ubiquitinated CD4 through recognition of K48 Ub chains, and NPL4 stabilizes UFD1L. VCP is thus likely to provide the energy required for extraction of CD4 from membranes." SIGNOR-252423 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT HSPB8 protein Q9UJY1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 PFRDSPLsSRLLDDG 9606 22721717 t lperfetto "Hsp22 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (at residues ser(14) and thr(63)) and by p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (at residues ser(27) and thr(87)). Concerning the possible function of hsp22, no definitive conclusions can be drawn with the available data, although its function might be to bind to and modulate the activity of hsp27.Some Studies claimed that phosphorylation is required for the translocation" SIGNOR-197932 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776;BTO:0003076 8816467 f lperfetto "Induction of bcl-2 expression by phosphorylated CREB proteins during B-cell activation and rescue from apoptosis" SIGNOR-43927 ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257030 CRCP protein O75575 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266134 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259025 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:17780 ChEBI serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "In serotonergic neurons Trp serves as the precursor for 5-HT. The 5-HT metabolic pathway is initiated by Trp being hydroxylated to the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to become 5-HT" SIGNOR-264186 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ATRIP protein Q8WXE1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser224 APSVSHVsPRKNPSV 9606 17638878 t lperfetto "Atrip is a cdk2 substrate, and cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of s224 regulates the ability of atr-atrip to promote cell cycle arrest in response to dna damage./ One possibility is s224 phosphorylation creates a binding site for another protein involved in the g2-m checkpoint response" SIGNOR-156928 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr809 LIVEYAKyGSLRGFL 9606 14711813 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr(806), tyr(809), tyr(900), tyr(905), tyr(981), tyr(1062), tyr(1090), and tyr(1096) were autophosphorylation sites. these facts suggest that tyr806 and tyr809, located in this unique position, play a novel supplemental role for the activation loop upon phosphorylation." SIGNOR-121157 RASGEF1A protein Q8N9B8 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183829 pictrelisib chemical CHEBI:65326 ChEBI PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000149 21876152 t gcesareni "Currently, several pi3k inhibitors, including gdc0941 (genentech) and bez235 (novartis pharmaceuticals), have entered phase i clinical trials, and in addition, isoform-specific compounds are being developed" SIGNOR-176295 HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT POU3F1 protein Q03052 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002127 7791781 t 2 miannu "Direct contacts were identified between the POU domain of Tst-1/Oct-6 and a short stretch of 10 amino acids in the central portion of HMG-I/Y. In the presence of HMG-I/Y, Tst-1/Oct-6 exhibited an increased affinity for this AT-rich element." SIGNOR-240155 UCHL5 protein Q9Y5K5 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16027725 t gcesareni "Here, we report a novel interaction between smads and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase uch37, a deubiquitinating enzyme that could potentially reverse smurf-mediated ubiquitination. In gst pull down experiments, uch37 bound weakly to smad2 and smad3, and bound very strongly to smad7 in a region that is distinct from the -py- motif in smad7 that interacts with smurf ubiquitin ligases." SIGNOR-138879 ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT TCF4 protein P15884 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C129 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241376 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HDAC8 protein Q9BY41 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser39 AKIPKRAsMVHSLIE 9606 14701748 t lperfetto "Negative regulation of histone deacetylase 8 activity by cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase athe pka phosphoacceptor site of hdac8 is ser(39)" SIGNOR-120643 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0001103 15870273 t "Simone Vumbaca" "We suggest that the interaction between MyoD and Pbx is necessary to initially target MyoD to the myogenin promoter" SIGNOR-255639 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1059 DIYKDPDyVRKGDAR 9606 18936167 t gcesareni "The autoactivation residues y1054 and y1059 are targeted by dep-1 and this results in the inhibition of kinase activity and the consequent general dephosphorylation of vegfr2." SIGNOR-181676 estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000056 16166196 t lperfetto "A novel 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) chronologically named type 12 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD12), that transforms estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) was identified by sequence similarity with type 3 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD3) that catalyzes the formation of testosterone from androstenedione in the testis." SIGNOR-268661 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr718 IPERDSRySQPLHEE 9606 19287004 t lperfetto "Previously we have shown that tyrosine 718 of ask1 when phosphorylated is critical for socs1 binding and socs1-mediated degradation of ask1we identified jak2 and shp2 as a tyr-718-specific kinase and phosphatase, respectively." SIGNOR-184604 WDR5 protein P61964 UNIPROT "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12670868 t miannu "Our analysis of HCF-1-associated proteins suggests that a K4 histone H3 HMT complex has been conserved from yeast to humans in both structure and activity: the Set1/Ash2 HMT. The results presented here show that this Set1/Ash2 HMT complex, in mutually exclusive interactions, can associate with HCF-1 bound to the repressive Sin3 HDAC or the transcriptional activator VP16, indicating a diversity of transcriptional regulatory roles." SIGNOR-264480 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 12530968 f "�The present data provide a direct link between insulin signaling through Irs _ PI 3-kinase _ Akt and adipogenesis through Foxo1 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Foxo1 via phosphorylation appears to be required during the clonal expansion phase, and our data show that unrestrained Foxo1 activity prevents terminal differentiation." SIGNOR-254977 STX16 protein O14662 UNIPROT "LE-TGN SNARE" complex SIGNOR-C157 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18195106 t lperfetto "We show in human cells that a soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex comprised of syntaxin 10 (STX10), STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3 is required for this MPR transport" SIGNOR-253079 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser43 FGYQRRAsDDGKLTD 10090 BTO:0000944 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-249439 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257447 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDCP1 protein Q9H5V8 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr734 KDNDSHVyAVIEDTM 9606 14739293 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of gp140 and p80 are mediated by Src family kinases at multiple Tyr residues including Tyr(734)." SIGNOR-246457 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys298 MGVVECAkHELLQPF 9606 BTO:0000007 19946338 t gcesareni "Here, we show that Ebp1 p42 isoform can be sumoylated on both K93 and K298 residues, which mediate its nuclear translocation and are required for its anti-proliferative activity €.. Hence, TLS-mediated sumoylation is required for Ebp1 transcriptional repressive activity." SIGNOR-249657 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser772 LFKKIFPsLELNITD 9606 BTO:0004553 24614225 t gianni "NMDA treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons causes recruitment of CYLD, as well as CaMKII, to the postsynaptic density (PSD), as shown by immunoelectron microscopy, […] Purified CaMKII phosphorylates CYLD on at least three residues (S-362, S-418, and S-772 on the human CYLD protein Q9NQC7-1) and promotes its deubiquitinase activity." SIGNOR-266433 APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT VLDL_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH62 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23721961 f miannu "Apolipoprotein B is a structural protein that is an integral component of chylomicrons, as well as very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In man, VLDL contains only ApoB100, the full length protein" SIGNOR-252115 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT VASP protein P50552 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr278 LARRRKAtQVGEKTP -1 8182057 t miannu "The vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a major substrate for cAMP-dependent- (cAK) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) in human platelets and other cardiovascular cells.‚  three VASP phosphorylation sites are phosphorylated by cAK and cGK. Thr, Ser I, and Ser 2 correspond to Thr278, Ser157, Ser239 of the VASP protein, respectively" SIGNOR-250065 RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20704570 t lperfetto "Importantly, PPM1A facilitates the interaction of dephosphorylated Smad2/3 with RanBP3, a nuclear export factor [75]. As a result, PPM1A-mediated dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 promotes nuclear export of Smad2/3 and shuts off TGF-_-induced anti-proliferative and transcriptional responses" SIGNOR-217625 migalastat chemical CHEBI:135923 ChEBI GLA protein P06280 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0003676 10866822 t Federica "1-Deoxygalactonojirimycin was the most potent inhibitor of a-Gal A with an IC50 value of 0.04mm." SIGNOR-261076 TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr91 KIQVKALyDFLPREP 9606 12081135 t lperfetto "Evidence of autophosphorylation in txk: y91 is an autophosphorylation site. the results suggest that phosphorylated txk is an active form to promote ifn-gamma synthesis" SIGNOR-89844 DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256845 CTDSPL2 protein Q05D32 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 20932329 f "Regulation of transcription" miannu "CTD small phosphatase like 2 (CTDSPL2) can increase ε- and γ-globin gene expression in K562 cells and CD34+ cells derived from umbilical cord blood." SIGNOR-251778 MLL-AF9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP5 SIGNOR "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f miannu "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions." SIGNOR-255970 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr522 YTATESQyQQQP 9606 10934191 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that autophosphorylation of the recombinant src family kinase hck leads to a 20-fold increase in its specific enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-76996 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT ANKRD13A protein Q8IZ07 UNIPROT unknown ubiquitination -1 20804422 t miannu "Recombinant proteins were used to profile substrate ubiquitination by the Smurf1 ubiquitin ligase on a global scale using protein microarrays. T Proteins ubiquitinated on the protein microarray were confirmed as potential substrates of the Smurf1 activity using an off chip in vitro ubiquitination assay." SIGNOR-272680 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser358 WPLSRTRsEPLPPSA 9606 18339811 t "Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. |Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs." SIGNOR-248605 FBXL2 protein Q9UKC9 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23604317 t miannu "FBXL2 binds p85α and p85β. p85β is targeted for ubiquitylation and degradation by SCF FBXL2." SIGNOR-272112 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA3D protein P0DPH8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys40 DGQMPSDkTIGGGDD -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272246 PLEKHG5 protein O94827 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260566 ZNRF1 protein Q8ND25 UNIPROT CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys39 MADELSEkQVYDAHT 9606 BTO:0000007 28593998 t miannu "The ubiquitin ligase ZNRF1 promotes caveolin-1 ubiquitination and degradation to modulate inflammation. ZNRF1 mediates CAV1 polyubiquitination at lysine 39 and promote CAV1 degradation to modulate TLR4-mediated immune response." SIGNOR-272327 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NDRG1 protein Q92597 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr356 GTRSRSHtSEGTRSR 9606 18787837 t llicata "Transient expression of active (sgk1-s422d) and inactive (sgk1-k127a) sgk1 mutants confirmed that activating sgk1 stimulates ndrg1-thr(346/356/366) phosphorylation. dexamethasone (0.2 mum) acutely activated sgk1 and the peak of this response (2-3 h) coincided with the induction of g (na), and both responses were pi3k-dependent. While these data suggest that sgk1 might mediate the rise in g (na), transient expression of the inactive sgk1-k127a mutant did not affect the hormonal induction of g (na) but did suppress the activation of sgk1." SIGNOR-180825 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 GDRSGYSsPGSPGTP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251598 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser311 DALDLEEsSSSDHAE 10029 BTO:0000246 7876239 t "The alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor (alpha 2AAR) undergoes rapid functional desensitization caused by phosphorylation of the receptor by the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK). beta ARK-mediated phosphorylation of alpha 2C10 occurs at Ser-296-299 in the third intracellular loop, and this represents the critical step in rapid agonist-promoted desensitization." SIGNOR-251440 INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "An adaptor protein Dok-3 mediates the suppressive function of LYN. The Dok-3 phosphorylated by LYN upon BCR stimulation forms a complex with GRB2, which allows it to enter into the signalosome and associate with activation of SHIP protein. This translocation facilitates the efficient inhibition of PLCc2 and SYK from activation, subsequently resulting in the suppression of downstream Ca2+ signaling." SIGNOR-268455 FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT T-reg_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH91 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15785758 f mrosina "Viewed as a whole, the available data demonstrate essential involvement of Foxp3 in the development and function of CD4 + CD25 + T reg cells." SIGNOR-254970 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr221 KDEILPTtPISEQKG 9606 21871177 t gcesareni "These results suggest that the phosphorylation of rps3 by cdk1 occurs at thr221 during g2/m phase and, moreover, that this event is important for nuclear accumulation of rps3." SIGNOR-176131 XRCC3 protein O43542 UNIPROT "D1-D2-G-X3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C301 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18212739 t lperfetto "These results argue that FANCG has a role independent of the FA core complex, and we propose that phosphorylation of serine 7 is the signalling event required for forming a discrete complex comprising FANCD1/BRCA2-FANCD2-FANCG-XRCC3 (D1-D2-G-X3). " SIGNOR-263257 GTF2H1 protein P32780 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr433 DCDFGDLtPLDF -1 10428966 t "TFIIH-mediated phosphorylation of E2F-1 plays a role in triggering E2F-1 degradation during S phase. E2F-1 activation domain interacts with a kinase activity which phosphorylates two sites, Ser403 and Thr433, within the activation domain. We demonstrate that TFIIH is responsible for the E2F-1 phosphorylation observed in cell extracts and that endogenous E2F-1 interacts in vivo with p62, a component of TFIIH, during S phase." SIGNOR-251260 succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI succinate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30031 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 27487822 t miannu "In the citric acid cycle, succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only step that provides substrate-level phosphorylation: succinyl-CoA + NDP + Pi = succinate + CoA + NTP, where N is adenosine or guanosine and the reaction requires magnesium ions." SIGNOR-266266 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser399 DNITLPPsQPSPTGG 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252975 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 SRSGLYRsPSMPENL 9606 8119945 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-48, thr-67, ser-122, thr-130, ser-168 and ser-214 occurs at g2 and g2-m transition and is catalyzed by cdk1. Ser-168 phosphorylation levels are lower than those at the other 5 cdk1 sites. Phosphorylation by cdk1 leads to increased activity." SIGNOR-36267 SNX9 protein Q9Y5X1 UNIPROT DNM1 protein Q05193 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 15703209 t miannu "Snx9 binds directly to bothdynamin-1 anddynamin-2. Moreover by stimulatingdynaminassembly, snx9 stimulatesdynamin's basal gtpase activity and potentiates assembly-stimulated gtpase activity on liposomes." SIGNOR-133892 WNT5B protein Q9H1J7 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19577541 f fspada "Wnt5b additionally appears to be a potent enhancer of adipogenic capacity by stimulation of ppargamma" SIGNOR-186625 DDX5 protein P17844 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17369852 t miannu "Wt p68 co-immunoprecipitates efficiently with hdac1, the k53r p68 does not / sumoylation is important for the interaction of p68 with hdac1 and for transcriptional repression by p68" SIGNOR-153715 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr348 LPMDTEVyESPYADP 9606 BTO:0000776 9820500 t lperfetto "These represented sites of tyrosine phosphorylation previously identified from the study of in vitro autophosphorylated Syk. Phosphorylation was observed on peptides corresponding to Tyr130, Tyr317, Tyr342, Tyr346, Tyr519, and Tyr520" SIGNOR-246609 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT FCGR2C protein P31995 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr310 TDDDKNIyLTLPPND -1 8756631 t miannu "Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of FcgRIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addition to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262675 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr80 RMGSSEStDSGFCLD 9606 18167338 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (gsk-3beta) phosphorylates cdc25a to promote its proteolysis in early cell-cycle phases. Phosphorylation by gsk-3beta requires priming of cdc25a, and this can be catalyzed by polo-like kinase 3 (plk-3)" SIGNOR-160228 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1787 SPNYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248779 alanine smallmolecule CHEBI:16449 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264746 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251634 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RC3H1 protein Q5TC82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271005 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT NR5A1 protein Q13285 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser203 EYPEPYAsPPQPGLP 9606 17901130 t llicata "In conclusion, our results indicate that cdk7, as part of the cak complex and tfiih, phosphorylates sf1 at s203 followed by increased transcriptional activity of sf1" SIGNOR-157952 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12923220 t lperfetto "IDH1 gene transcription is sterol regulated and activated by SREBP-1a and SREBP-2 in human hepatoma HepG2 cells|evidence that IDH1 may regulate lipogenesis in hepatic cells" SIGNOR-253133 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9534 8402896 f miannu "BCR-ABL-induced oncogenesis is mediated by direct interaction with the SH2 domain of the GRB-2 adaptor protein. Mutation of Y177 to phenylalanine (Y177F) abolishes GRB-2 binding and abrogates BCR-ABL-induced Ras activation." SIGNOR-261506 ATP5MC1 protein P05496 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261399 EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" stabilization 9606 17581632 t lperfetto "EIF3 plays many functions in initiation complex formation. It interacts with eIF1, eIF5, eIF4B and eIF4G, and the direct interaction between eIF3 and eIF4G may serve as a bridge between the 40S ribosomal subunit and eIF4F-bound mRNA (Hershey and Merrick, 2000). eIF3 stabilizes the binding of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex to the 40S subunit" SIGNOR-269154 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22621922 t miannu "The kinase vrk1 is activated by dna double strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation (ir) and specifically phosphorylates 53bp1 in serum-starved cells./ Vrk1 knockdown resulted in the defective formation of 53bp1 foci in response to ir both in number and size" SIGNOR-197625 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB7 protein P26010 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257633 POGLUT1 protein Q8NBL1 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates glycosylation 9606 22872643 t O-glycosilation gcesareni "O-glucosylation of epidermal growth factor-like (egf) repeats in the extracellular domain of notch is essential for notch function. A udp-glucose:protein o-glucosyltransferase (poglut/rumi) transfers o-glucose to serine within the o-glucose consensus." SIGNOR-198713 UBE2L3 protein P68036 UNIPROT NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "Only UbcH5 and Related Class I E2s Support Ubiquitination of S5a—UbcH5 belongs to the Class I family of E2s which contains a catalytic core (UBC domain) without a distinct Ub binding domain (38). To test whether other Class I E2s can also support ubiquitination of S5a, we assayed the ubiquitination of S5a with UbcH7 and the E3s, Nedd4, or Parkin. With either of these E3s, UbcH7 supported ubiquitination of S5a (Fig. 8, A and B). In addition, another Class I E2, Ubc4, a close homolog of UbcH5, supported ubiquitination of S5a by the APC, a multimeric Ring finger E3 responsible for cell cycle progression through mitosis (39) (Fig. 8C). Thus, multiple Class I E2s can support ubiquitination of S5a by various types of E3s (Table 1)." SIGNOR-272735 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT NEK11 protein Q8NG66 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser273 SMLNKNPsLRPSAIE 9606 19734889 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1) directly activates nek11 by phosphorylating it on ser 273" SIGNOR-187863 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser87 KTVEGAGsIAAATGF 9606 BTO:0000938 10617630 t lperfetto "In vitro experiments and two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping provided further evidence that serine 129 was phosphorylated by ck-1 and ck-2. Moreover, phosphorylation of serine 129 was reduced in vivo upon inhibition of ck-1 or ck-2. These data demonstrate that alpha-synuclein is constitutively phosphorylated within its c terminus and may indicate that the function of alpha-synuclein is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.From these data we conclude that _-synuclein is predominantly phosphorylated at serine residue 129. However, a second serine at position 87 is also used for phosphorylation to some extent. together, these data may indicate that ck-1 and ck-2 are involved in the regulation of neuronal function and one may speculate that phosphorylation of _-synuclein could affect its binding to membranes." SIGNOR-73799 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1079 EHAFYEFtFRRFFDD 9606 BTO:0000007 15688006 t "Two of these, S909 and T1079, were required for Lats1 activation." milica "Since the N-terminal half of Lats1 (residues 1–588) was dispensable for the activation of Lats1 by Mst2, mass spectrometry was used to identify phosphorylation sites within the C-terminal domain of Lats1." SIGNOR-132927 WNT9B protein O14905 UNIPROT CHRNA1 protein P02708 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 22309736 t gcesareni "We identified five wnts (wnt9a, wnt9b, wnt10b, wnt11, and wnt16) that are able to stimulate achr clustering, of which wnt9a and wnt11 are expressed abundantly in developing muscles." SIGNOR-195978 RalGAP1 complex SIGNOR-C468 SIGNOR RALA protein P11233 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 BTO:0000011 21148297 t miannu "Here we report the identification and characterization of a Ral GAP complex (RGC) that mediates the activation of RalA downstream of the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The complex is composed of an RGC1 regulatory subunit and an RGC2 catalytic subunit (previously identified as AS250) that directly stimulates the guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis of RalA." SIGNOR-269795 "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-267935 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser12 ESPLCPLsPLEAGDL 9606 BTO:0000599 10187842 t lperfetto "We now demonstrate that amino acids 1-92 of hPPARalpha contain an activation function (AF)-1-like domain, which is further activated by insulin through a pathway involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 and p44. Further analysis of the amino-terminal region of PPARalpha revealed that the insulin-induced trans-activation occurs through the phosphorylation of two mitogen-activated protein kinase sites at positions 12 and 21, both of which are conserved across evolution." SIGNOR-249433 MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1494 KLKNNAQtMPGEVNS 9606 17242196 t lperfetto "Gadd45 binding also induced mtk1 dimerization via a dimerization domain containing a coiled-coil motif, which is essential for the trans autophosphorylation of mtk1 at thr-1493 in the kinase activation loop." SIGNOR-152408 ATRX protein P46100 UNIPROT GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001138 22021382 f 1 miannu "XNP/dATRX physically interacts with DREF. our results show that DREF is required for the proper expression of pnr and that XNP/dATRX binds to DREF at the DRE sites, resulting in the repression of pnr gene expression." SIGNOR-239733 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000567 12853467 t gcesareni "These findings suggest that PKB-dependent binding of 14-3-3s to phospho-Ser483 of cardiac PFK-2 mediates the stimulation of glycolysis by growth factor." SIGNOR-248031 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 8977526 t lperfetto "JAK2 is a primary kinase regulating all the known activities of GM-CSF. JAK2 mediates GM-CSF induced c-fos activation through receptor phosphorylation and Shc/PTP 1D activation." SIGNOR-249503 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT XRCC1 protein P18887 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr519 EDPYAGStDENTDSE 9606 BTO:0000567 15367657 t lperfetto "Xrcc1 phosphorylation by ck2 is required for its stability and efficient dna repair. Rcc1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by ck2, and ck2 phosphorylation of xrcc1 on s518, t519, and t523" SIGNOR-128897 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-183620 ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257201 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 11581251 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Thus, activation of the ERK pathway appears to be able to regulate adipocyte lipolysis by phosphorylating HSL on Ser(600) and increasing the activity of HSL." SIGNOR-270119 PFN1 protein P07737 UNIPROT CDH4 protein P55283 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000815 22820501 t lperfetto "Taken together, data obtained from MCF10A cells were consistent with the idea that Rho signaling to Dia1 and profilin-1 was essential for R-cadherin adherens junction formation." SIGNOR-253111 KIF1C protein O43896 UNIPROT RAB6B protein Q9NRW1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization -1 20360680 t miannu "Here, we identify Bicaudal-D-related protein 1 (BICDR-1) as an effector of the small GTPase Rab6 and key component of the molecular machinery that controls secretory vesicle transport in developing neurons. BICDR-1 interacts with kinesin motor Kif1C, the dynein/dynactin retrograde motor complex, regulates the pericentrosomal localization of Rab6-positive secretory vesicles and is required for neural development in zebrafish. In young neurons, BICDR-1 accumulates Rab6 secretory vesicles around the centrosome, restricts anterograde secretory transport and inhibits neuritogenesis. Later during development, BICDR-1 expression is strongly reduced, which permits anterograde secretory transport required for neurite outgrowth. These results indicate an important role for BICDR-1 as temporal regulator of secretory trafficking during the early phase of neuronal differentiation." SIGNOR-266878 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage His42 RVYIHPFhLVIHNES -1 11815627 t miannu "The ACE2 hydrolytic activity is dependent on the C terminus sequence of the substrate, which is evident from the data with the angiotensin peptides. After 2 h, ACE2 hydrolyzes Ang I partially and Ang II completely, although there is no hydrolysis of angiotensin 1–9, angiotensin 1–7, and angiotensin 1–5, which possess the same N terminus." SIGNOR-256317 Verdinexor chemical CID:71492799 PUBCHEM XPO1 protein O14980 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 30541831 t "Simone Vumbaca" "We show that KPT-335 inhibits XPO1-mediated nuclear export, leading to nuclear accumulation of RSV M protein and a reduction inRSV titers." SIGNOR-261129 "albuterol sulfate" chemical CHEBI:2550 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206682 (6aR,9R)-N-[(2S)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-4,7-dimethyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:92629 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258688 NDUFB8 protein O95169 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND5-module corresponds to the distal part of the membrane arm and it is composed of MT-ND5, NDUFB2, NDUFB3, NDUFB7, NDUFB8, NDUFB9 and NDUFAB1" SIGNOR-262171 PML protein P29590 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15093545 f gcesareni "The promyelocytic leukemia (pml) protein is a potent growth suppressor and proapototic factor" SIGNOR-124320 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1161 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 8940173 t lperfetto "Src phosphorylates the insulin-like growth factor type i receptor on the autophosphorylation sites. Requirement for transformation by srcsrc kinase can substitute for the receptor kinase in phosphorylating and activating the igf-i receptor" SIGNOR-45122 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" cleavage -1 9367996 t lperfetto "The cell-death protease cpp32 (caspase-3) in vitro specifically cleaved chicken and human ikappab-alpha at a conserved asp-ser sequence.Therefore, cleavage of I_B-_ by a CPP32-like protease could create what is sometimes called a super-repressor form of I_B-_ (20). That is, cleavage by CPP32 would block the ability of I_B-_ to undergo signal-induced degradation by removing the sites of signal-induced ubiquitination and by likely disrupting the ability of I_B-_ to become phosphorylated at critical Ser residues." SIGNOR-256456 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 23429262 t lperfetto "We show that the miRNA-induced silencing of CDC25A increases the tyrosine phosphorylation status of CDK4/6 cyclin-dependent kinases which, in turn, abolishes CDK4/6 capacity to associate with D-type cyclins. This prevents CDK4/6 kinases’ activation, impairs downstream events such as cyclin E stimulation and sequesters cells in early G1." SIGNOR-245456 TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT TNNI1 protein P19237 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "We used MuRF1 as the E3 as it functions with all these E2s to ubiquitinate one of its typical substrates, troponin I Although UbcH1 and UbcH13/Uev1a support ubiquitination of troponin I by MuRF1, these E2s do not support ubiquitination of S5a, unlike Class I E2s." SIGNOR-272736 ETF complex SIGNOR-C463 SIGNOR FADH2 smallmolecule CHEBI:17877 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33450351 t miannu "ETF is a two-electron and two-proton transporter as its FAD undergoes successive reduction via two-consecutive one-electron transfer steps, with the formation of an intermediate one-electron red flavin semiquinone species (FAD•−), which is then fully reduced to FADH2 with the uptake of one additional electron and two protons (Fig. 4a)." SIGNOR-269455 MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17713585 t esanto "The mre11_rad50_nbs1 (mrn) complex is among the earliest respondents to dna double-strand breaks (dsbs). To organize the mrn complex, the mre11 exonuclease directly binds nbs1, dna, and rad50." SIGNOR-157475 TGFBI protein Q15582 UNIPROT "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004093 25786978 t lperfetto "First, EPCs incorporated into the neovascular region recognize the TGFBIp secreted by cells in the environment via binding to integrins a4 and a5. Second, binding of TGFBIp to integrins in EPCs induces phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules in a pathway necessary for TGFBIp-mediated angiogenic activity of EPCs. In addition, binding of TGFBIp to integrins activates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway that induces expression of DLL1 and JAG1 in EPCs." SIGNOR-253283 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 12553907 f "In contrast, c-Jun is required for the survival of liver tumor cells. Reduced tumor formation strictly correlated with high apoptotic indices in c-Jun-deficient tumors, suggesting that increased apoptosis in c-Jun-deficient liver tumors is the primary cause for impaired tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-256560 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 SALNRTSsDSALHTS 9606 SIGNOR-C15 16148943 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on the ser171 residue of crtc2 by ampk and ampk-related kinases, including the salt-inducible kinases (siks), is critical for determining the activity, cellular localization, and degradation of crtc2" SIGNOR-140238 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257643 MMP11 protein P24347 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272356 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates cleavage 23729744 t apalma "Receptor–ligand engagement triggers a second NECD cleavage (S2 cleavage) by a metalloproteinase ADAM (known as Kuzbanian in Drosophila melanogaster), which in turn facilitates a further crucial signaling cleavage within the Notch transmembrane domain by a γ-secretase complex that contains Presenilin (S3 cleavage)" SIGNOR-255372 ABCC4 protein O15439 UNIPROT "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29304533 t lperfetto "Release of Platelet-Derived Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Involves Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) and Is Inhibited by Statins" SIGNOR-265912 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1910 TPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273081 SIRT4 protein Q9Y6E7 UNIPROT GLUD2 protein P49448 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" glycosylation 9606 16959573 t miannu "We show that SIRT4 is a mitochondrial enzyme that uses NAD to ADP-ribosylate and downregulate glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity." SIGNOR-268559 PCDHA3 protein Q9Y5H8 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265668 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 11359933 t gcesareni "Here, we show that smad3 activated by tgf-beta is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Smad3 interacts with a ring finger protein, roc1, through its c-terminal mh2 domain in a ligand-dependent manner. An e3 ubiquitin ligase complex roc1-scf(fbw1a) consisting of roc1, skp1, cullin1, and fbw1a (also termed betatrcp1) induces ubiquitination of smad3." SIGNOR-108240 GH1 protein P01241 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7862673 t gcesareni "The hghr only binds primate gh. Arg43 in hghr interacts with asp171 of hgh." SIGNOR-34129 IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 26315890 f svumbaca "IL-1b was present in the sera of wild-type mice but was not detected in the sera of IRF5-/- mice" SIGNOR-255340 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser405 KTQTPPVsPAPQPTE 9606 BTO:0000938 21079800 t gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-169674 PTPMT1 protein Q8WUK0 UNIPROT phosphatidylglycerol(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:60523 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 10090 21641550 t lperfetto "PGP is an essential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of cardiolipin, a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid regulating the membrane integrity and activities of the organelle. We further demonstrate that PTPMT1 specifically dephosphorylates PGP in vitro. Loss of PTPMT1 leads to dramatic diminution of cardiolipin, which can be partially reversed by the expression of catalytic active PTPMT1. Our study identifies PTPMT1 as the mammalian PGP phosphatase and points to its role as a regulator of cardiolipin biosynthesis." SIGNOR-267025 tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29181 ChEBI Trp-tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29159 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA. Alternative splicing produces two forms of hTrpRS in human cells: full-length hTrpRS (residues 1-471) and mini-hTrpRS (residues 48-471)" SIGNOR-270515 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1165 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 7493944 t lperfetto "Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) receptors are heterotetrameric proteins consisting of two alpha-and two beta-subunits and members of the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors. Specific ligand binding to the receptor triggers a cascade of intracellular events, which begins with autophosphorylation of several tyrosine residues of the beta-subunit of the receptor." SIGNOR-26586 HACD2 protein Q6Y1H2 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18554506 t "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. However, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase catalyzing the third step in mammals has remained unidentified. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases," SIGNOR-267761 RPN1 protein P04843 UNIPROT "OST-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C535 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272063 PPP4C protein P60510 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser80 LHIRSSMsGLHLVKQ 9606 BTO:0000599 25050742 t "PP4 was also found to directly interact with pACC1‑Ser79 in human HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the present study showed that PP4 may be a novel regulator in hepatic lipogenesis through dephosphorylating ACC1 on serine 79, suggesting that PP4 may be a promising therapeutic target in lipid metabolism disorders." SIGNOR-267724 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser840 VRSAFTTsTVVRMHV -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249282 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT ZNF318 protein Q5VUA4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001321 16469430 t Monia "A central domain of TZF is required for repression of AR-mediated transactivation. The results revealed that HDAC2 was coimmunoprecipitated with TZF (Fig. 6A), These results indicate that AR, TZF and HDAC2 form a ternary complex during the repression of AR-mediated transactivation." SIGNOR-261188 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser518 DTDMKRLsMEIEKEK 9606 18071304 t lperfetto "Merlin contains a c-terminal serine 518, which is phosphorylated both by p21-activated kinase (pak) and protein kinase a (pka) (shaw et al., 2001;kissil et al., 2002;xiao et al., 2002;alfthan et al., 2004). Phosphorylation at this site is predicted to result in a more open conformation incapable of inhibiting cell growth," SIGNOR-159768 PGM2 protein Q96G03 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32898648 t miannu "Human PGM1 deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism (OMIM: 614921), affecting cellular glucose homeostasis, the storage of glucose as glycogen, and the N-glycosylation of proteins. Like other PGM enzymes, the human protein catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)." SIGNOR-268116 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT RALA protein P11233 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser183 RARKMEDsKEKNGKK 9606 17540176 t miannu "Pp2a abeta-containing complexes dephosphorylate rala at ser183 and ser194, inactivating rala and abolishing its transforming function" SIGNOR-155349 ASH2L protein Q9UBL3 UNIPROT "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12670868 t miannu "Our analysis of HCF-1-associated proteins suggests that a K4 histone H3 HMT complex has been conserved from yeast to humans in both structure and activity: the Set1/Ash2 HMT. The results presented here show that this Set1/Ash2 HMT complex, in mutually exclusive interactions, can associate with HCF-1 bound to the repressive Sin3 HDAC or the transcriptional activator VP16, indicating a diversity of transcriptional regulatory roles." SIGNOR-264479 DDHD1 protein Q8NEL9 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269650 VEGFC protein P49767 UNIPROT NRP2 protein O60462 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 16816121 t gcesareni "The functional importance of the interaction of np2 with the lymphangiogenic growth factors was demonstrated by cointernalization of np2 along with vegfr-3 in endocytic vesicles of lymphatic endothelial cells upon stimulation with vegf-c or vegf-d." SIGNOR-147611 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT RCSD1 protein Q6JBY9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 SKSKAPGsPLSSEGA -1 15850461 t miannu "CapZIP was also phosphorylated rapidly by SAPK3/p38γ and SAPK4/p38δ, and even faster and more extensively by JNK1α1, these protein kinases phosphorylating CapZIP in vitro to >3, approx. 2 and >5 mol of phosphate/mol of protein respectively within a few minutes. Following tryptic digestion and C18 chromatography, further sites phosphorylated by JNK1α1 were identified as Ser-68, Ser-83 and Ser-216 (results not shown), and are highlighted in Figure 3.Using this antibody, we showed by immunoblotting that bacterially expressed CapZIP was phosphorylated at Ser-108 by SAPK4/p38δ, JNK1α1 and ERK2 in vitro, as well as by SAPK3/p38γ (results not shown).An important clue to the function of CapZIP and its phosphorylation came from the finding that it binds to the actin-capping protein CapZ (Figure 7A), and that cellular stresses trigger the dissociation of these two proteins (Figure 7B).Such an effect is presumably lost when CapZIP is phosphorylated and dissociates from CapZ." SIGNOR-263087 SLC34A2 protein O95436 UNIPROT phosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000671 11009570 t lperfetto "Three families of NPCs have been reported to date. The type I family consists of a single species (NaPi-1), which has thus far been found only in rabbit kidney.28 The type II family consists of six species homologues, NaPi 2 to 7, that are expressed predominantly in renal epithelial tissues.The type III family is the most recently identified and consists of two members, Pit-1 (also called Glvr-1) and Pit-2 (also called Ram-1).34" SIGNOR-270578 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser249 DTRQIQPsPPWSYDQ 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" miannu "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on AML1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of AML1c in K562 and 293T cells (27).4 Mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein. The presence of these mutations results in an increase in the amount of ubiquitinated AML1c in the matrix, and increases the half-life of this insoluble AML1c. One possible model to explain these observations is that phosphorylation might be necessary for the normal process of both proteasome degradation and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-138969 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT KCNC4 protein Q03721 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 KSGNKPPsKTCLKEE 9606 9649584 t gcesareni "This study investigated the molecular physiology of the nh2-terminal phosphorylation sites that regulate inactivation gating of an a-type k+ channel. The main results show that: (a) pkc acts on four phosphate acceptors (s8, s9, s15, and s21) within the inactivation domain because mutation of these residues to alanine is necessary and sufficient to remove the action of pkc on channel inactivation." SIGNOR-58502 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C18 21902831 t gcesareni "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-176530 RPL37 protein P61927 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262463 SH2B1 protein Q9NRF2 UNIPROT SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "SHP-1 is recruited by the phosphorylated ITIM-bearing receptors such as CD22 and it dephosphorylates proximal BCR signaling molecules such as CD79, SYK, BLNK." SIGNOR-268445 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT SLC11A1 protein P49279 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 11909746 f "Functional studies in Nramp1 transfected macrophages have demonstrated that the Nramp1 protein plays a vital role in early macrophage activation [10,29,30]. Nramp1 is constitutively expressed in macrophage cell lines of the myeloid lineage (isolated peritoneal, splenic, and liver resident macrophages), and can be induced by treatment of macrophages with IFN-γ, or IFN-γ plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)" SIGNOR-254038 rauwolscine chemical CHEBI:48562 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 9459568 t miannu "These studies display the usefulness of [3H]rauwolscine as an antagonist radioligand for the cloned human 5-HT2B receptor. The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor" SIGNOR-258690 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr380 TDSEEQPyLEMDLSS 18086677 t lperfetto "The non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Lyn, can phosphorylate caspase-8 on Tyr-397 and Tyr-465, rendering it resistant to activational cleavage and inhibiting apoptosis." SIGNOR-272979 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1524 LQNRNYPsQEELIKV 9606 BTO:0000150 10550055 t lperfetto "The brca1 (breast cancer gene 1) tumor suppressor protein is phosphorylated in response to dna damage. phosphorylation of brca1 by the checkpoint kinase atm may be critical for proper responses to dna double-strand breaks. Phosphorylation of brca1 on ser1423 and ser1524 by atm" SIGNOR-72068 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT MYL12A protein P19105 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser19 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 BTO:0000567 11485996 t miannu "DAPK Phosphorylates Myosin II RLC in Vitro and in Vivo. Together these results show that similar to the conventional MLCKs, Ser-19 is the primary RLC residue phosphorylated by DAPK and that phosphorylation of Thr-18 is also possible." SIGNOR-262842 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18177723 f "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Interestingly, since IL-6 production by nerve-mediated skeletal muscle contraction has recently been shown to be partly dependent on the activation of the calcineurin pathway |The fact that IL-6 is produced not only by proliferating satellite cells but also by growing myofibers during hypertrophy" SIGNOR-269987 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr576 RYMEDSTyYKASKGK 9606 15735019 t miannu "Surprisingly, we found that expression of SrcMF or Src251 resulted in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK on Tyr(407), Tyr(576), Tyr(577), and Tyr(861), which are considered to be Src kinase substrates" SIGNOR-150484 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0001949 18439899 t gcesareni "DNA-PK phosphorylates HM Ser473 of PKB. However, we also noted similar patterns in T loop Thr308 phosphorylation after _-IR []his function is apparently restricted to the PKBalpha isoform" SIGNOR-252431 CERK protein Q8TCT0 UNIPROT ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34202192 t miannu "Another relevant enzyme is Ceramide kinase (CerK), which phosphorylates Cer to produce Ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P)." SIGNOR-268500 CNTF protein P26441 UNIPROT CNTFR protein P26992 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10966616 t gcesareni "Ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf) is a cytokine supporting the differentiation and survival of various cell types in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Its receptor complex consists of a non-signaling alpha chain, cntfr, and two signaling beta chains, gp130 and the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (lifr)" SIGNOR-81379 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser246 QACARTFsRMSLLHK 9606 BTO:0000150 15833848 t lperfetto "Pak1 phosphorylation of snail, a master regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition, modulates snail's subcellular localization and functionswe found for the first time that pak1 promotes transcription repression activity of snail from e-cadherin, occludin, and aromatase promoters. Pak1 regulates the repressor activity of snail by phosphorylating on ser(246). Pak1 phosphorylation of snail supports snail's accumulation in the nucleus as well as its repressor functions." SIGNOR-135609 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256890 POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization -1 20457598 t lperfetto "The pol II CTD specifically mediates recruitment of Integrator to the promoter of snRNA genes to activate transcription and direct 3' end processing of the transcripts." SIGNOR-261476 dothiepin chemical CHEBI:36798 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258699 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr373 SEDDEDCyGNYDNLL 9606 20643654 t lperfetto "Previous studies indicate that optimal activation of PDK1 requires phosphorylation of Tyr373/376 (11, 12, 14, 17), and growth factor receptor activation leads to PDK1 recruitment to the plasma membrane, followed by sequential phosphorylation of Tyr9 and then Tyr373/376" SIGNOR-166710 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser159 NNTSTDGsLPSTPPP 9606 16543145 t gcesareni "We investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3), which is inactivated by akt, for its role in the regulation of apoptosis. Upon il-3 withdrawal, protein levels of mcl-1 decreased but were sustained by pharmacological gsk-3, which prevented cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Mcl-1 was phosphorylated by gsk-3 at a conserved gsk-3 phosphorylation site (s159). S159 phosphorylation of mcl-1 was induced by il-3 withdrawal or pi3k inhibition and prevented by akt or gsk-3, and it led to increased ubiquitinylation and degradation of mcl-1." SIGNOR-145200 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT NDC80 protein O14777 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 KPTFGKLsINKPTSE 9606 20471944 t lperfetto "To determine whether the combinatorial regulation of the kmn network by aurora b observed in vitro is critical to controlling kinetochore-microtubule attachments in vivo, we next investigated the effect of the phosphomimetic (to aspartate) and nonphosphorylatable (to alanine) mutants of dsn1, knl1, and ndc80 in vertebrate cells. We predicted that both types of mutations in critical phosphorylation sites would affect chromosome segregation, since preventing the inactivation of inappropriately attached kinetochores by aurora b (in the nonphosphorylatable mutant) or constitutively inactivating this attachment (in the phosphomimetic mutant)." SIGNOR-165558 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29186 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270371 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 11842088 f gcesareni "In addition, immunoblot and immunostaining analysis revealed that phosphorylation of erk was increased by treatment with sb203580;whereas pd98059 increased the phosphorylation of p38, which implies a seesaw-like balance between erk and p38 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-114771 N-acetyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16953 ChEBI "acetic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15366 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 17194761 t miannu "N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) is one of the most abundant amino acid derivatives found in the vertebrate brain, second only to glutamate. Aspartoacylase catalyzes hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-aspartate to aspartate and acetate in the vertebrate brain." SIGNOR-268085 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PDE3B protein Q13370 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser442 TPQLRRSsGTSGLLP -1 8163498 t miannu "Serine 427 is the target for cAMP-PK phosphorylation of the rat adipocyte cGI-PDE in vitro" SIGNOR-250023 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser645 RPASVPPsPSLSRHS 11427888 t "Glycogen synthase has multiple serines (residues 640, 644, 648 and 652) separated by three residues, and those Ser residues are phosphorylated sequentially by GSK3 from the C-terminal end after Ser 656 has been phosphorylated by casein kinase II." SIGNOR-251238 NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16219765 f miannu "Overexpression of NFAT3 enhanced both ERalpha and ERbeta transcriptional activities in a ligand-independent manner and up-regulated downstream estrogen-responsive genes including pS2 and cathepsin D. Reduction of endogenous NFAT3 with NFAT3 small interfering RNA or overexpression of NFAT3 deletion mutants that lack the ER-binding sites reduced the NFAT3 coactivation of ERalpha and ERbeta." SIGNOR-254640 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser345 RPASVDGsPVSPSTN -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251295 SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130;BTO:0000848;BTO:0000527 10564661 t miannu "Hsu(fu) associated with itself / homo- or heterodimers of hsu(fu) might function to bring together other effector proteins" SIGNOR-72311 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr423 PEQSKRStMVGTPYW 9534 BTO:0000298 10995762 t miannu "P21-activated kinase (PAK1) is phosphorylated and activated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1). We identify threonine 423, a conserved threonine in the activation loop of kinase subdomain VIII, as the PDK1 phosphorylation site on PAK1." SIGNOR-250267 FOXP2 protein O15409 UNIPROT AUTS2 protein Q8WXX7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25232744 t miannu "By interacting with CASK, TBR1 regulates several ASD candidate genes, such as GRIN2B, AUTS2 and RELN—all of which are recurrently mutated in ASD. In areas of the brain with overlapping expression patterns, such as in glutamatergic layer 6 neurons, the TBR1–FOXP2 interaction may result in co-ordinated regulation of common downstream targets." SIGNOR-266832 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1043 CRPEALNsGVEYYWD 9606 BTO:0000567 30217973 t lperfetto "Furthermore, we show that mitophagy function of AMBRA1 is post-translationally controlled, upon HUWE1 activity, by a positive phosphorylation on its serine 1014. This modification is mediated by the IKKα kinase and induces structural changes in AMBRA1, thus promoting its interaction with LC3/GABARAP (mATG8) proteins and its mitophagic activity." SIGNOR-272974 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser100 ESEDSQEsVDSVTDS 9606 9931297 t lperfetto "Ser108, ser111 and ser114, located in a region matching the consensus sequence for the casein kinase ii target, were required.These results strongly suggest that the casein kinase ii target region is involved in cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of the creb protein and also in transcriptional enhancement." SIGNOR-64258 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr136 SEEGYQDyEPEA 9606 BTO:0000975;BTO:0000142 11744621 t llicata "Here, we show that alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is an outstanding substrate for the protein tyrosine kinase p72syk (syk), which phosphorylates three tyrosyl residues in its c-terminal domain (y-125, y-133, and y-136), here, we show that _-syn is an outstanding substrate for syk and that once it is tyrosine phosphorylated, it loses the ability to form oligomers." SIGNOR-113069 PPP6C protein O00743 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr187 CDIQTHMtNNKGSAA 9606 17079228 t gcesareni "Our results demonstrate that pp6 specifically down-regulates tak1 through dephosphorylation of thr-187 in the activation loop, which is likely important for suppressing inflammatory responses via tak1 signaling pathways." SIGNOR-150408 2-Amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-YL)-5-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile chemical CID:25223366 PUBCHEM SLC1A3 protein P43003 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 19161278 t Federica "The most potent analogue in the series, 1o, displayed high nanomolar inhibitory activity (IC50) 0.66μM) at EAAT1, with more than 400-foldselectivity compared to EAAT2 and EAAT3." SIGNOR-261108 "Host translation inhibitor nsp1" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037309 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 17715225 f miannu "SARS-CoV nsp1 inhibits c-Jun expression and phosphorylation." SIGNOR-262505 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT INCENP protein Q9NQS7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser893 PRYHKRTsSAVWNSP 9606 12925766 t gcesareni "Human incenp was a substrate of aurora b and mass spectrometry identified three consecutive residues (threonine 893, serine 894, and serine 895) containing at least two phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-118011 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser112 AIKVEPAsPPYYSEK 9606 11733495 t gcesareni "Moreover, the inhibition of erks 1 and 2 with a mek inhibitor, u1026, lead to an inhibition in the decay of ppargamma proteins, indicating that serine phosphorylation influences the degradation of ppargamma in fat cells." SIGNOR-179404 "arachidonic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15843 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15878913 f miannu "AA increases PC-3 prostate tumor cell growth, total DNA content and endogenous PGE 2 levels via induction of c-fos , cPLA 2 and cox-2 mRNA transcription." SIGNOR-255394 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser334 SVVRESKsFTRSTVD 9606 12464600 t gcesareni "Whole cell phosphorylation assays with specific inhibitors as well as in vitro phosphorylation assays with recombinant enzymes and peptide substrates revealed that phosphorylation of ser-334 is regulated by protein kinase c-beta this study is among the first to analyze in a detailed manner, using a non-mutational approach, modifications of a defined phosphorylation site in a g protein-coupled receptor and to correlate these findings with functional parameters of receptor deactivation." SIGNOR-96067 CTNNA1 protein P35221 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t milica "The trimeric complex of alfa-catenin, 14-3-3, and yap sequesters yap at ajs and prevents yap dephosphorylation/activation." SIGNOR-201173 "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000132 12788695 t lperfetto "We further measured the ability of ppIs phosphorylated in positions D-3 and D-4 to release the F-actin capping proteins CapZ and gelsolin from OG-permeabilized platelets (Fig. 7A). Ten percent of platelet CapZ and gelsolin is found in the OG-insoluble fraction (4). PI3,4,5P3 and PI3,4P2 release both CapZ and gelsolin from these preparations." SIGNOR-261840 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 22418700 t gcesareni "Afatinib is an oral, erbb family blocker, which covalently binds and irreversibly blocks all kinase-competent erbb family members." SIGNOR-259442 GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 26865625 f miannu "Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a protein kinase C (PKC)-activated phosphoprotein, is often implicated in axonal plasticity and regeneration. " SIGNOR-266771 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-270214 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser367 PDCRRTIsAPVVRPK 9606 18356162 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase akt mediates phosphorylation of mdmx at ser367. This phosphorylation leads to stabilization of mdmx and consequent stabilization of mdm2." SIGNOR-178063 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10976919 t gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr" SIGNOR-81455 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18342499 f flangone "Genetic ablation or activation of the pathway reveals that Notch signalling promotes differentiation of the hair follicle, sebaceous gland and interfollicular epidermal lineages" SIGNOR-241998 RBBP8 protein Q99708 UNIPROT "BRCC ubiquitin ligase complex" complex SIGNOR-C295 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 24832651 t lperfetto "DNA damage activates ATM and CHK2 kinases, which mediate phosphorylation of CtIP and BRCA1. Phosphorylated CtIP associates with BRCA1 and with the MRN complex leading to the recruitment of the BRCC complex at the site of DNA damage where HR is initiated." SIGNOR-263202 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr218 CEKQFQPyFIPIN 9606 9973379 t "CTLA-4 can associate with the Src kinases Fyn and Lck and that transfection of Fyn or Lck, but not the unrelated kinase ZAP70, can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA-4 on residues Y201 and Y218.  Phosphorylation of CTLA-4 Y201 in Jurkat cells correlated with cell surface accumulation of CTLA-4." SIGNOR-251160 RUBCNL protein Q9H714 UNIPROT STX17 protein P56962 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 30704899 t miannu "Under nutrient-rich conditions, mTORC1 phosphorylates Pacer at serine157 to disrupt the association of Pacer with Stx17 and the HOPS complex and thus abolishes Pacer-mediated autophagosome maturation. These results demonstrate that mTORC1-mediated Pacer phosphorylation at S157 inhibits autophagosome maturation by disrupting the association of Pacer with Stx17 and the HOPS complex" SIGNOR-273684 D-glucopyranose smallmolecule CHEBI:4167 ChEBI lactose smallmolecule CHEBI:17716 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16157350 t miannu "Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (beta4Gal-T1) transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins." SIGNOR-268474 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr590 PALLEHRtGRYAPTI 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262921 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT HSPD1 protein P10809 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255086 PIKFYVE protein Q9Y2I7 UNIPROT "PAS complex" complex SIGNOR-C190 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17556371 t miannu "Here we have identified and characterized Sac3, a Sac domain phosphatase, as the Fig4 mammalian counterpart. Endogenous Sac3, a widespread 97-kDa protein, formed a stable ternary complex with ArPIKfyve and PIKfyve. Sac3 assembles with PIKfyve and ArPIKfyve in a stable ternary complex and controls PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels." SIGNOR-253529 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1784 TPTSPNYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273082 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT PROS1 protein P07225 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 28125048 t lperfetto "Gamma-carboxylation is essential in the activation and proper functioning of multiple VK-dependent proteins (VKDP), the most well-known of which are involved in blood clotting, including coagulation factors (FII, FVII, FIX and FX) and natural anti-clotting agents (protein C, protein S (ProS; OMIM*176880) and protein Z" SIGNOR-265924 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR4 protein Q13639 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264294 TADA1 protein Q96BN2 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269583 7-(dipropylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol chemical CHEBI:111176 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258724 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1102 MLEERKTyVNTTLYE 9606 BTO:0001176 20973951 t miannu "This phosphorylation requires a kinase competent Tie2 as well as intact tyrosines 1100 and 1106 (Y1100 and Y1106) on the receptor. This suggests that Y1100 and Y1106 on Tie2 play a role in Grb14 mediated signal transduction downstream of this receptor." SIGNOR-259834 REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT CARTPT protein Q16568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 18485095 f miannu "When expression of NRSF was down-regulated in HeLa cells using a RNA interfering technique, the transcriptional activity of the CART promoter or a NRSE reporter was significantly increased. Taken together, our data suggested that CART gene expression in neuroendocrine cells is strictly controlled by NRSF, via a mechanism dependent upon the CART NRSE." SIGNOR-255073 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr202 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 BTO:0000142 1411546 t gcesareni "The primary structure of mek, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the erk gene product" SIGNOR-19240 HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT CD163 protein Q86VB7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16522161 t Regulation miannu "These data suggest that hemoglobin may mediate a stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis through the activation of CD163 on hematopoietic progenitor cells." SIGNOR-251746 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser732 RRVRKLPsTTL 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252747 GOT1 protein P17174 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-268062 ELF1 protein P32519 UNIPROT CD68 protein P34810 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 12676954 f "Band shift experiments show that PU.1 associates with the -89 site whereas, Elf-1 preferentially binds the -106 Ets binding site and enhances CD68 activity in vitro." SIGNOR-254282 MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 17308127 t lperfetto "Previous work has shown that the Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) transcription factor represses p53 transcription by binding to the PE21 element. Our results show that MUC1-C binds constitutively to KLF4, occupies PE21 with KLF4, and enhances the KLF4 occupancy of PE21. " SIGNOR-270543 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR TCHP protein Q9BT92 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0004910 25270598 t miannu "We have identified KCTD17 as a substrate-adaptor for Cul3-RING E3 ligases (CRL3s) that polyubiquitylates trichoplein. Depletion of KCTD17 specifically arrests ciliogenesis at the initial step of axoneme extension through aberrant trichoplein-Aurora-A activity. Thus, CRL3-KCTD17 targets trichoplein to proteolysis to initiate the axoneme extension during ciliogenesis." SIGNOR-272465 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1444 NIKARASsSPVILVG -1 24351927 t gcesareni "Furthermore, our work establishes S1444 as a PKA-regulated 14-3-3 docking site€.Strikingly, 14-3-3 binding to phospho-S1444 decreased LRRK2 kinase activity in vitro." SIGNOR-237444 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161557 "EEF1B complex" complex SIGNOR-C460 SIGNOR EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome. An inactive eEF1A-GDP moiety leaves the ribosome and must be recycled to eEF1A-GTP before binding another aa-tRNA. This GTP exchange process is the function of the nucleotide exchange factor eEF1B complex, which exchanges GDP for GTP to regenerate active eEF1A." SIGNOR-269387 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-252946 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 20404331 f lperfetto "In mouse muscles, overexpression of PGC-1beta (like PGC-1alpha) inhibited denervation atrophy, ubiquitin ligase induction, and transcription by NFkappaB" SIGNOR-217978 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ARHGAP26 protein Q9UNA1 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 9525907 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "In vitro, purified mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of Graf on serine 510, suggesting that Graf phosphorylation may be mediated through MAP kinase signaling." SIGNOR-270170 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967141 t gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylates bad at threonine 201, thereby inhibiting bad association with the antiapoptotic molecule bcl-x(l)" SIGNOR-121940 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys28 LATKAARkSAPATGG 9606 24561908 t "This tri-methylation is associated with the downregulation of nearby genes via the formation of heterochromatic regions." miannu "Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratricopeptide Repeat on chromosome X (UTX) and Jumonji D3 (JMJD3) as novel histone demethylases that catalyze the removal of di- and trimethyl groups on histone H3 lysine 27, thereby promoting target gene activation." SIGNOR-260017 PLEKHG6 protein Q3KR16 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260568 Opsonization phenotype SIGNOR-PH150 SIGNOR "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 30552328 f lperfetto "CryoEM reveals how the complement membrane attack complex ruptures lipid bilayers" SIGNOR-263455 RBM7 protein Q9Y580 UNIPROT P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 30824372 t miannu "Here, we show that following genotoxic stress, the RNA-binding motif protein 7 (RBM7) stimulates RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription and promotes cell viability by activating the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) via its release from the inhibitory 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP). these findings establish that RBM7 binds 7SK snRNP and that genotoxic stress activates P-TEFb by relocating it from 7SK snRNP to the CTD of Pol II." SIGNOR-261182 CCL3 protein P10147 UNIPROT CCR1 protein P32246 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10734056 t "CCR1 is also activated by MIP-1α, MCP-2, and MCP-3, although maximum responses are only obtained with RANTES and MIP-1α." SIGNOR-254366 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr309 SDGATMKtFCGTPEY -1 9512493 t lperfetto "The activation of PKBbeta and PKBgamma by PDK1 was accompanied by the phosphorylation of the residues equivalent to Thr308 in PKBalpha, namely Thr309 (PKBbeta) and Thr305 (PKBgamma). PKBgamma which had been activated by PDK1 possessed a substrate specificity identical with that of PKBalpha and PKBbeta towards a range of peptides. The activation of PKBgamma and its phosphorylation at Thr305 was triggered by insulin-like growth factor-1 in 293 cells." SIGNOR-248997 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255531 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0003328 9393856 f fcortellessa "Bcl-xL Expression Prevents Cytochrome c Redistribution and Subsequent Mitochondrial Depolarization during Apoptosis. Bcl-xL expression prevented both cytochrome c redistribution and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. In contrast, zVAD treatment could not prevent either cytochrome c redistribution or mitochondrial membrane depolarization in control transfectants withdrawn from IL-3. Thus, cytochrome c redistribution from mitochondria is an early apoptotic event that precedes mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Bcl-xL expression functions to inhibit both of these events. In at least some forms of cell death, the ability of Bcl-xL to regulate these mitochondrial events cannot be mimicked by caspase inhibition" SIGNOR-261683 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser389 LSPIAPRsPAKLSFQ 10090 BTO:0000944 7889942 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that elk-1, a protein closely related to p62tcf in function, is a nuclear target of two members of the map kinase family, erk1 and erk2, erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324,t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-235471 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "AE/b7 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C186 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257665 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 32991581 t brain lperfetto "NFIA binds to and activates the brown-fat-specific enhancers even before differentiation and later facilitates the binding of PPARgamma|NFIA has at least three functions on the transcriptional regulation of brown fat [2]. First, NFIA activates adipogenesis per se, through activating the transcription of Pparg, which encodes PPARgamma. Second, NFIA also activates the brown-fat-specific gene expression (such as Ucp1 and Ppargc1a) independent of the degree of adipocyte differentiation, through facilitating the binding of PPARgamma to the brown-fat-specific enhancers. Third, NFIA represses myogenesis through suppression of myogenic transcription factors such as Myod1 as well as Myog," SIGNOR-263984 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr547 VQKFQVYyLGNVPVA 9606 15031292 t lperfetto "The c-abl tyrosine kinase phosphorylates the fe65 adaptor protein to stimulate fe65/amyloid precursor protein nuclear signaling. Here, we show that active c-abl stimulates app/fe65-mediated gene transcription and that this effect is mediated by phosphorylation of fe65 on tyrosine 547 within its second ptb domain." SIGNOR-123476 PGAM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF78 SIGNOR 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266513 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT EFHC1 protein Q5JVL4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266934 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 14764593 t lperfetto "The functional transcription factor exists as a heterodimeric complex consisting of HIF-1alpha and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). Association of HIF-1 with ARNT is required for its activity; however, no other role has been ascribed to this interaction." SIGNOR-253720 WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25071155 t miannu "WWP1 in complex with WWP2 specifically regulates ΔNp73.  In our study, we identified WWP2, an E3 ligase, as a novel p73-associated protein that ubiquitinates and degrades p73. In contrast, WWP2 heterodimerizes with another E3 ligase, WWP1, which specifically ubiquitinates and degrades ΔNp73. " SIGNOR-272231 EPGN protein Q6UW88 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16829981 t gcesareni "Areg (amphiregulin), btc (beta-cellulin), egf, epgn (epigen), ereg (epiregulin), hbegf, nrg1, nrg2, nrg3, nrg4 and tgfa (tgfalpha) constitute egf family ligands for erbb family receptors." SIGNOR-147835 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21993628 t gcesareni "The action of kit kinase inhibitors, especially imatinib, sunitinib, dasatinib and pkc412, on different primary and secondary mutants is discussed." SIGNOR-176760 UNC5B protein Q8IZJ1 UNIPROT DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268166 WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 25071155 t miannu "WWP1 in complex with WWP2 specifically regulates ΔNp73.  In our study, we identified WWP2, an E3 ligase, as a novel p73-associated protein that ubiquitinates and degrades p73. In contrast, WWP2 heterodimerizes with another E3 ligase, WWP1, which specifically ubiquitinates and degrades ΔNp73. " SIGNOR-272232 FGF3 protein P11487 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8663044 t gcesareni "Using fgf 1 as an internal standard we have determined the relative activity of all the other members of the fgf family. These data should serve as a biochemical foundation for determining developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes that involve fgf signaling pathways" SIGNOR-42374 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 28646232 t Gianni "We demonstrate that insulin-mediated activation of ERK1/2 results in phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 independently of Akt/mTORC1 activity in Tsc2 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that inhibition of ERK1/2 rescues GSK3β activity and restores protein synthesis in Tsc2 −/− MEFs to normal levels" SIGNOR-262519 "AP-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C248 SIGNOR SORT1 protein Q99523 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31767632 t miannu "The short intracellular domain of sortilin binds several cytoplasmic adaptor proteins (e.g., the AP-1 complex and GGA1 to -3), most of which target two well-defined motifs: a C-terminal acidic cluster dileucine motif and a YXXΦ motif in the proximal third of the domain. Both motifs contribute to endocytosis as well as Golgi-endosome trafficking of sortilin." SIGNOR-273720 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 25451943 f gcesareni "Adipogenesis is controlled by a transcriptional cascade composed of a large number of transcriptional factors, among which CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β plays an essential role." SIGNOR-238297 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr407 IIDEEDTyTMPSTRD 9606 BTO:0000671 15694384 t llicata "Once stimulated, fak undergoes autophosphorylation at tyrosine (y) 397, followed by phosphorylation of several sites including y576/y577 which increases fak's kinase activity, as well as at y407, y861, and y925." SIGNOR-133837 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15917223 t miannu "We have found that per1 interacts with both _-trcp1 and _-trcp2 in a manner that depends on casein kinase 1 activity, and depletion of both _-trcp1 and _-trcp2 by rnai leads to dramatic stabilization of per1" SIGNOR-137758 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser248 SVQSDIWsMGLSLVE -1 8413257 t lperfetto "Raf-1 phosphorylation of MEK activated it, as judged by its ability to stimulate the phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by glutathione S-transferase-ERK1." SIGNOR-39058 CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT MAD2L1 protein Q13257 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 12925705 f lperfetto "CENP-E is required for efficient recruitment of BubR1, Mad1, and Mad2 to attached and newly unattached kinetochores" SIGNOR-252045 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR ZC3HC1 protein Q86WB0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser395 PGLEVPSsPLRKAKR 9606 17389604 t lperfetto "Moreover, we found cyclin b1/cdk1 to phosphorylate nipa at ser-395 in mitosis. Mutation of both ser-359 and ser-395 impaired effective inactivation of the scfnipa complex, resulting in reduced levels of mitotic cyclin b1" SIGNOR-216880 IRF1 protein P10914 UNIPROT IRF8 protein Q02556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11483597 t miannu "We found that tyrosine phosphorylated ICSBP activates CYBB and NCF2 transcription, during late myeloid differentiation, by interacting with PU.1, IRF1 and CBP." SIGNOR-222841 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol chemical CHEBI:75722 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258150 vadimezan chemical CHEBI:75934 ChEBI NQO1 protein P15559 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191397 BMS-265246 chemical CID:5329775 PUBCHEM CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190434 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser330 RLSPIMAsTELDEVQ 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity phosphorylation of foxos by akt, ikk, erk, ck1, cdk2, and dyrk1a universally leads to foxo's inhibition." SIGNOR-183674 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr210 YDGERKKtLCGTPNY 9606 BTO:0000567 12207013 t miannu "Xplkk1 phosphorylates and activates mammalian plk / xplkk1 phosphorylates thr-210" SIGNOR-92274 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT BAALC protein Q8WXS3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22493267 f miannu "We show that BAALC overexpression occurs in the presence of the T allele of SNP rs62527607[GT], which creates a binding site for the activating RUNX1 transcription factor in the BAALC promoter region. The mechanism is demonstrated experimentally in vitro using luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis." SIGNOR-255077 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1714 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273094 bexarotene chemical CHEBI:50859 ChEBI RXRG protein P48443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002058 17483357 t miannu "Bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a selective retinoid X receptor agonist, prevents and reverses gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC cells by modulating gene amplification." SIGNOR-259232 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser425 TKGSGLGsPTSSFNS 9606 19282669 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-184577 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12645577 t lperfetto "These results indicate that c-src can associate with ikkbeta and phosphorylate its tyrosine residues after tnf-alfa or tpa stimulation." SIGNOR-217439 EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT MYH7 protein P12883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12847114 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "βMHC expression was markedly augmented by PE and ET, suggesting the transformation of myosin. endothelin-1 (ET)" SIGNOR-251955 silodosin chemical CHEBI:135929 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206914 NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0004094 15531507 f Regulation miannu "Nodal induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activin receptor-like kinase 7." SIGNOR-251934 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr117 IIRLRNKtLIEDEIA 9606 BTO:0000150 20231902 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates mst2 at thr117 in vitro and in vivo, which leads to mst2 cleavage and kinase activity as well as nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-164306 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser199 PRPEHTKsVYTRSVI 10116 18586681 t "Purified PP2Cα protein efficiently dephosphorylated PAK1 in vitro (Fig. 1, D and E). We previously assessed the time course of phospho-PAK1 dephosphorylation assessed using specific antibodies against either Ser(P)198/203 or Thr(P)422 sites in the PAK1 activation loop." SIGNOR-248492 TAOK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF21 SIGNOR STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t milica "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2." SIGNOR-230710 NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003879 20383200 f Regulation miannu "Nodal induced LIF and Cripto-1 expressions through Smad2 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-251942 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t "The binding occours if Smo is phosphorylated" gcesareni "Grk2-mediated phosphorylation of vertebrate smo allows smo to bind to beta-arrestins 1 or 2" SIGNOR-199150 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser89 SELLRSGsSPNLNMG 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000876 21940946 t gcesareni "The mechanism of ampk-mediated anti- inflammation involves the induction of p300 ser89 phosphor- ylation and subsequent inactivation of p300 hat activity." SIGNOR-176637 ARNT protein P27540 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 21544813 f lperfetto "Screening by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and PCR arrays revealed that cyclin E1, CDK2, Fos and Jun were negatively regulated by ARNT, whereas CDKN1C, CNKN2A, CDKN2B, MAPK11 and MAPK14 were positively regulated in HCC" SIGNOR-253693 MOV10 protein Q9HCE1 UNIPROT UPF1 protein Q92900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27016603 t miannu "MOV10 has been shown to promote mRNA degradation by associating with UPF1, this activity requires the helicase activity of MOV10." SIGNOR-261139 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9822657 t gcesareni "The ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (cam kinase) cascade includes three kinases: cam-kinase kinase (camkk);and the cam kinases camki and camkiv, which are phosphorylated and activated by camkk." SIGNOR-61922 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT MEP1A protein Q16819 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22326557 t "TNF-α-induced down-regulation of CDX2 suppresses MEP1A expression in colitis|" SIGNOR-253965 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT ISCU protein Q9H1K1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser14 FRLRRAAsALLLRSP 9606 SIGNOR-C3 23508953 t llicata "Here, we demonstrate that mtorc1 associates with iscu and phosphorylates iscu at serine 14. This phosphorylation stabilized iscu protein." SIGNOR-201595 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CARD9 protein Q9H257 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr533 TGSDNTDtEGS 9606 17936701 t "PVHL serves as an adaptor that promotes the phosphorylation of the Card9 C terminus by CK2." SIGNOR-269111 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 27499297 f SimoneGraziosi "OCT4 positively controls the level of RARgamma" SIGNOR-269222 STRA6 protein Q9BX79 UNIPROT retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9913 17255476 t lperfetto "We identified in bovine retinal pigment epithelium cells STRA6, a multitransmembrane domain protein, as a specific membrane receptor for RBP. STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and has robust vitamin A uptake activity from the vitamin A-RBP complex" SIGNOR-265107 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "CellSignaling;phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (D3F9) XP?? Rabbit mAb" gcesareni SIGNOR-189696 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11237216 t gcesareni "Although the three ppar subtypes are closely related and bind to similar dna response elements as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor rxr, each subserves a distinct physiology" SIGNOR-105345 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 BTO:0003807 11971971 t lperfetto "Mapk1 is phosphorylated by map2k1/mek1 and map2k2/mek2 on thr-185 and tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or ngf. Both phosphorylations are required for activity." SIGNOR-236447 FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr724 ANCTHDLyMIMRECW 9606 BTO:0000007 11294897 t lperfetto "Ligand stimulation leads to autophosphorylation of fgfr3taken together, these results clearly implicate y724 in the activation of stat proteins by constitutively activated mutants of fgfr3 and suggest that both y724 and y760 are required for maximal stat activation." SIGNOR-106738 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT VCAN protein P13611 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12438652 t miannu "By using in vitro and in vivo assays, we showed CSPG2 to be directly transactivated by p53." SIGNOR-255441 LDHA protein P00338 UNIPROT (S)-lactate smallmolecule CHEBI:16651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24929216 t "Glucose and alanine produce pyruvate which is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm without oxygen consumption. Lactate removal takes place via its oxidation to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase." SIGNOR-266919 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189987 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_block phenotype SIGNOR-PH10 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 14976264 f lperfetto "Sirt1 increased foxo3's ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress" SIGNOR-217878 SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001545 24183681 f miannu "These data demonstrate an HSC cell intrinsic role for Sox4 on proliferation induced by loss of C/EBPα." SIGNOR-260133 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys382 QSTSRHKkLMFKTEG 9606 BTO:0000567 11070080 t gcesareni "P300 acetylates and activates the tumor suppressor p53 after dna damage." SIGNOR-84074 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT CASP2 protein P42575 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16701639 t gcesareni "However, among hiap1, hiap2 and xiap, only hiap2 binds and inhibits caspase-2." SIGNOR-146738 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT down-regulates deacetylation 9606 16613856 t gcesareni "Hdac4 and hdac5 deacetylate runx2 and lead to a smurf-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-146122 AT9283 chemical CID:11696609 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190014 "aliskiren fumarate" chemical CHEBI:53777 ChEBI REN protein P00797 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189483 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269599 4-(2-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-4-imidazolyl)-N-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-2-pyrimidinamine chemical CHEBI:91419 ChEBI CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190182 N-[[3-fluoro-4-[[2-(1-methyl-4-imidazolyl)-7-thieno[3,2-b]pyridinyl]oxy]anilino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-phenylacetamide chemical CHEBI:91393 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194334 LSM-1131 chemical CHEBI:91398 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189873 3-methyladenine chemical CHEBI:38635 ChEBI PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205636 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 20660302 f "P38 MAPK mediates the effect of AMPK on Gr induced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-255951 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19175684 f gcesareni "In-teractions between beta-catenin and runx2 play an im-portant role in bmp-9-induced osteogenic differentia-tion of mscs." SIGNOR-183532 ACVR2A protein P27037 UNIPROT ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9748228 t fspada "The major bmp7 type i receptor observed was alk2," SIGNOR-60234 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT PRKAG3 protein Q9UGI9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21460634 t gcesareni "Ulk1/2 in turn phosphorylates all three subunits of ampk and thereby negatively regulates its activity." SIGNOR-173095 DPM1 protein O60762 UNIPROT "DPM complex" complex SIGNOR-C289 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10835346 t lperfetto "Human dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase consists of three subunits, DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3." SIGNOR-262563 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191148 R547 chemical CID:6918852 PUBCHEM CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206358 MAP3K6 protein O95382 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr838 GINPCTEtFTGTLQY 9606 17210579 t Manara "ASK2 Activates ASK1 by Phosphorylation" SIGNOR-260832 vatalanib chemical CHEBI:90620 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207648 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 23015147 t "Calcineurin is known to facilitate the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)." SIGNOR-253329 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9733513 f gcesareni "This scaffold protein selectively enhanced jnk activation by the mlk signaling pathway." SIGNOR-59884 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 10080542 t gcesareni "FL stimulation induces association of Grb2 with Flt3, SHP-2,and Shc" SIGNOR-245060 ENMD-2076 chemical CID:16041424 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191469 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25875593 t irozzo "C-Fos dimerizes with c-Jun to form the transcription activator protein-1 (AP-1) which binds to the specific recognition site." SIGNOR-256367 "ixazomib citrate" chemical CHEBI:90939 ChEBI PSMB5 protein P28074 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194536 TET3 protein O43151 UNIPROT OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23353889 t miannu "Tet2 and tet3 associate with the o_glcnac transferase ogt / tet2 and tet3 promote ogt_mediated glcnacylation" SIGNOR-200729 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189996 SGX-523 chemical CHEBI:90624 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206905 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20466877 t gcesareni "Taz physically interacts with myod through the ww domain and activates myod-dependent gene transcription." SIGNOR-165414 N-[4-[[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]thio]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91336 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207666 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 8276865 t gcesareni "Lpa activates its own g protein-coupled receptor(s)." SIGNOR-36389 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser70 RDPVARTsPLQTPAA 9534 BTO:0004055 10677502 t lperfetto "Erk1 and erk2 directly phosphorylate bcl2 exclusively at ser-70." SIGNOR-219217 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT "Embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C484 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0001086 19279220 t miannu "An embryonic stem cell chromatin remodeling complex, esBAF, is essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency" SIGNOR-270718 CCT137690 chemical CID:25154041 PUBCHEM AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190892 "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25883140 t miannu "The B-WICH complex allows c-Myc to bind to a site in the IGS. c-Myc requires the B-WICH complex to remodel chromatin for its function." SIGNOR-268842 NONO protein Q15233 UNIPROT TOP1 protein P11387 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000017 9756848 t miannu "We show that the psf/p54 dimer has pronounced stimulatory effect on dna catalysis by topoisomerase i" SIGNOR-60557 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17181399 f gcesareni "Finally, downregulation of p70 s6 kinase by sirna significantly enhanced the fgf-2-stimulated vegf release and phosphorylation of sapk/jnk." SIGNOR-149367 GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT ARHGAP32 protein A7KAX9 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 12819203 t gcesareni "Gc-gap, a rho family gtpase-activating protein that interacts with signaling adapters gab1 and gab2." SIGNOR-102586 budesonide chemical CHEBI:3207 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 11208622 t ashma gcesareni SIGNOR-251687 AGO2 protein Q9UKV8 UNIPROT DICER1/hAgo2/PRKRA complex SIGNOR-C41 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23661684 t miannu SIGNOR-143102 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT FSHB protein P01225 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004467 24065703 f miannu "We demonstrate that FOXO1 represses basal and GnRH-induced Fshb transcription in LβT2 cells." SIGNOR-254185 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 15549093 f lperfetto "The BRCA1 protein also contributes to cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair by homologous recombination" SIGNOR-251500 EPC1 protein Q9H2F5 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269305 crizotinib chemical CHEBI:64310 ChEBI ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191133 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-121994 XL147 chemical CHEBI:71957 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207854 FLT3LG protein P49771 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 12681969 t gcesareni "Flt3 is activated by binding of its natural flt3-ligand (flt3-l)," SIGNOR-99750 "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 25901680 f lperfetto "Ribosomes are translational machineries that catalyse protein synthesis." SIGNOR-262412 AMG-208 chemical CHEBI:90626 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189507 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12419246 t gcesareni "Ski also represses bmp signaling through interactions with smad4 and bmp-specific r-smads, smad1 or smad5." SIGNOR-195630 TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 24463367 f lperfetto "Topoisomerase IIbeta is required for proper retinal development and survival of postmitotic cells" SIGNOR-242533 PDE4DIP protein Q5VU43 UNIPROT PRKAR1A protein P10644 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21569246 t miannu "Mmgl acts as a dual-specific akap by anchoring pka regulatory isoforms r1a and r2a." SIGNOR-173769 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 22863277 t milica "The cAMP signaling cascade can activate protein kinase a (PKA)" SIGNOR-198492 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 16300735 t gcesareni "These results indicate that pax3 specifically interacts with taz both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-236879 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191529 "torin 2" chemical CHEBI:90682 ChEBI RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23436801 f gcesareni "Torin2 inhibited mtorc1-dependent t389 phosphorylation on s6k (rps6kb1)" SIGNOR-201502 GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130 22203955 t gcesareni "However, grpr preferentially couples to galfaq proteins." SIGNOR-195320 3-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)-4-[1-[1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-indolyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione chemical CHEBI:91368 ChEBI PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191496 TP53INP1 protein Q96A56 UNIPROT MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22421968 t gcesareni "Tp53inp1-lc3 interaction occurs via a functional lc3-interacting region (lir)." SIGNOR-196670 6alpha-methylprednisolone chemical CHEBI:6888 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 1159081 t inflammation gcesareni SIGNOR-251697 PD318088 chemical CID:10231331 PUBCHEM MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205737 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206418 olaparib chemical CHEBI:83766 ChEBI PARP2 protein Q9UGN5 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195019 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10023660 t gcesareni "The human f box protein beta-trcp associates with the cul1/skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-64496 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001271 11790798 t lperfetto "Thus, the c-terminal tail of vav serves as a direct substrate of bcr-abl in vitro." SIGNOR-114094 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr751 SKDESVDyVPMLDMK 9606 18567737 t gcesareni "Ptp1b blocked pdgf-induced tyr716 and tyr751 phosphorylation of the pdgfr." SIGNOR-179076 TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 22975381 f amattioni "Ck2-mediated phosphorylation at ser392 of p53 was attenuated in the presence of recombinant twist1" SIGNOR-192064 DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT Chemoattraction_of_axon phenotype SIGNOR-PH197 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 f miannu "DCC constitutively expresses on the axonal surface. Netrin-1-binding to DCC induces chemoattraction" SIGNOR-268163 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser595 GLMQQQKsFR 9606 11781100 t lperfetto " In summary, SHP2 is phosphorylated on serine residues 576 and 591 by PKC isoforms alpha, beta 1, beta 2, and eta." SIGNOR-249140 "AMG 900" chemical CID:24856041 PUBCHEM AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189498 AVP protein P01185 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 18402937 f gcesareni "Vp induces phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein bad and prevents cytochrome c release." SIGNOR-178197 2-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine chemical CHEBI:91330 ChEBI ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191094 N-[4-[[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]thio]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91336 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207669 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT PRKAB1 protein Q9Y478 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21460634 t gcesareni "Ulk1/2 in turn phosphorylates all three subunits of ampk and thereby negatively regulates its activity" SIGNOR-173092 MK-2461 chemical CID:44137946 PUBCHEM FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194367 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33384352 f miannu "QRICH1 promotes cell death and its translation is upregulated by the PERK-eIF2α axis under ER stress." SIGNOR-269399 sapitinib chemical CHEBI:132986 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190149 masitinib chemical CHEBI:63450 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194257 WAY-600 chemical CID:25229526 PUBCHEM MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;ATP-competitive inhibitor mTOR" gcesareni SIGNOR-207788 CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18708524 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "C-reactive protein enhances macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression." SIGNOR-251852 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-146888 alvocidib chemical CHEBI:47344 ChEBI CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192038 ezogabine chemical CHEBI:68584 ChEBI KCNQ2 protein O43526 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "Selleck;anticonvulsant for KCNQ2/3 currents" gcesareni SIGNOR-206483 PIDD1 protein Q9HB75 UNIPROT "Caspase-2 PIDDosome" complex SIGNOR-C292 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20158568 t miannu "The PIDDosome consists of the proteins PIDD, RAIDD and caspase-2." SIGNOR-262643 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT DNA_fragmentation phenotype SIGNOR-PH22 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10200555 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is required for blebbing, chromatin condensation and dna fragmentation" SIGNOR-66863 "PIK-75 Hydrochloride" chemical CID:45265864 PUBCHEM PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252652 UBAP2 protein Q5T6F2 UNIPROT ANXA2 protein P07355 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 27121050 t Sara "UBAP2 formed a complex with Annexin A2 and promoted the degradation of Annexin A2 protein by ubiquitination" SIGNOR-261314 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR TUBA8 protein Q9NY65 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 t miannu "Elongator Subunits Interact with the Microtubules and Are Required for Proper Acetylation of α-Tubulin." SIGNOR-269721 PHA-848125 chemical CID:16718576 PUBCHEM CCNA2 protein P20248 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206148 GSK1059615 chemical CHEBI:71955 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192780 DUSP4 protein Q13115 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16849326 t gcesareni "This result suggests that dusp4 represses gluconeogenesis through dephosphorylation of p38" SIGNOR-147958 "GW 3965" chemical CHEBI:79995 ChEBI NR1H3 protein Q13133 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193015 SNW1 protein Q13573 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11404076 t gcesareni "We find that Notch 3 IC, like Notch 1 IC, can bind the SKIP and PCAF proteins" SIGNOR-108499 rosiglitazone chemical CHEBI:50122 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 7768881 t "An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma)" SIGNOR-251646 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 SVEFEVEsLDSEDYS 9606 12167711 t gcesareni "Hypophosphorylation of mdm2 augments p53 stability." SIGNOR-91195 ADIPOR1 protein Q96A54 UNIPROT APPL1 protein Q9UKG1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16622416 t milica "Appl1 interacts with adiponectin receptors in mammalian cells and the interaction is stimulated by adiponectin." SIGNOR-146212 NODAL protein Q96S42 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0004094 15531507 f Regulation miannu "Nodal induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activin receptor-like kinase 7." SIGNOR-251935 SMAD1/5/8/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C215 SIGNOR RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27563484 f ggiuliani "Smad1/5/8-Smad4 complex transcribed Runx2 expression, as they complex with Runx2 to initiate other osteoblast gene expression." SIGNOR-255836 85375-15-1 chemical CID:6917797 PUBCHEM SLC6A12 protein P48065 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207031 PHA-767491 chemical CID:11715767 PUBCHEM CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206112 PF-03814735 chemical CID:49830590 PUBCHEM PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205959 NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18079694 f miannu "Nod1 and Nod2 stimulation activates NF-kappaB through RICK, a caspase-recruitment domain-containing kinase." SIGNOR-252412 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23583303 t gcesareni "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-201687 SP6 protein Q3SY56 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 19088080 f lperfetto "Mechanistically, KLF14 represses the TGFbetaRII promoter via a co-repressor complex containing mSin3A and HDAC2." SIGNOR-271695 motesanib chemical CHEBI:51098 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194563 STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21808241 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Activation of mst1/2 leads to phosphorylation and activation of their direct substrates, lats1/2." SIGNOR-270218 IL13 protein P35225 UNIPROT IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12704343 t milica "Both il-4 and il-13 use the IL-4R Chain as a component of their receptors." SIGNOR-100753 SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT NR2E1 protein Q9Y466 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22194602 f miannu "Sox2 positively regulates tlx expression" SIGNOR-191714 dacomitinib chemical CHEBI:132268 ChEBI ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205942 CNTF protein P26441 UNIPROT CNTFR protein P26992 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10812968 t amattioni "Signal transduction by cntf requires that it bind first to cntfr alpha. Cntf activates downstream signaling molecules" SIGNOR-77408 TRPC6 protein Q9Y210 UNIPROT PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 27383564 f gcesareni "TRPC6 channel-dependent [Ca2+]i elevation and sequential activation of the calcineurin." SIGNOR-253328 AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT Cell_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH38 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001176 21937427 f lperfetto "Taking together, our data indicate that Amotl2 plays a pivotal role in polarity, migration and proliferation of angiogenic endothelial cells." SIGNOR-271872 TIAM1 protein Q13009 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12393875 t gcesareni "Lpa-induced rac activation requires tiam1" SIGNOR-94691 FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 2516828 t "The cFos proto-oncoprotein associates with cJun to form a heterodimer with increased DNA binding and transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-252087 Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 19279717 t apalma "Wnt signaling is transduced through Fz independent of LRP5/6 leading to the activation of Dsh." SIGNOR-255891 GTF3C6 protein Q969F1 UNIPROT TFIIIC complex SIGNOR-C392 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 29378333 t lperfetto "Both yeast and human TFIIIC consist of six polypeptides organized into two globular domains" SIGNOR-266183 MIB1 protein Q86YT6 UNIPROT DLL3 protein Q9NYJ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 16140393 t lperfetto "Mib physically interacts with Delta and promotes its ubiquitination and internalization [66], which have been shown to up-regulate Notch activity." SIGNOR-209672 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI Glutaminolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 22749528 f Luana "Leucine and Glutamine Activate Glutaminolysis and mTORC1" SIGNOR-268016 GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT TNFAIP8 protein O95379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20607800 t "TNFAIP8: a new effector for Galpha(i) coupling to reduce cell death and induce cell transformation" SIGNOR-256490 seliciclib chemical CHEBI:45307 ChEBI CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206568 NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0003104 10082541 f lperfetto "the effect of NFIL3 on cytokine-mediated cell survival was independent of an effect on cell proliferation." SIGNOR-242760 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1343 FSDFDEKtDDEDFVP 9606 9804834 t llicata "Casein kinase II catalyzes a mitotic phosphorylation on threonine 1342 of human DNA topoisomerase IIalpha" SIGNOR-250966 Telatinib chemical CID:9808844 PUBCHEM FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207221 4-[6-[4-(1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-3-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl]quinoline chemical CHEBI:91387 ChEBI BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193642 MTX1 protein Q13505 UNIPROT "SAM complex" complex SIGNOR-C422 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 31387448 t lperfetto "The SAM complex of the outer membrane mediates insertion of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. hSam50 associates with MTX1 and MTX2." SIGNOR-267684 GSK1059615 chemical CHEBI:71955 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192693 RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 25660019 t Luana "Rheb GTPase directly binds and activates PERK in vitro" SIGNOR-260873 HIP1 protein O00291 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11007801 f miannu "Huntingtin interacting protein 1 induces apoptosis via a novel caspase-dependent death effector domain." SIGNOR-256646 TNFAIP3 protein P21580 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 18164316 t lperfetto "A20 is a deubiquitinating enzyme (dub) for lys63-linked polyubiquitinated signaling mediators such as traf6" SIGNOR-160223 CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT MAD1L1 protein Q9Y6D9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000452 12925705 f lperfetto "CENP-E is required for efficient recruitment of BubR1, Mad1, and Mad2 to attached and newly unattached kinetochores" SIGNOR-252044 XAV939 chemical CHEBI:62878 ChEBI TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 19759537 t gcesareni "Xav939 inhibits the poly-adp-ribosylating enzymes tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2." SIGNOR-188054 RASSF5 protein Q8WWW0 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22195963 t lperfetto "NORE1A can heterodimerize with RASSF1A and, thus, mediate K-Ras regulation of RASSF1A" SIGNOR-249587 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19114990 t lperfetto "While association of the TGF_RI receptor with p85 requires TGF-_ stimulation." SIGNOR-217960 3-(3-oxo-1H-indol-2-ylidene)-1H-indol-2-one chemical CHEBI:92322 ChEBI GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193402 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10471495 t flangone "Our results reveal that igf-1 receptors promote beta-cell development and survival through the irs-2 signalling pathway." SIGNOR-70477 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14657019 f lpetrilli "Expression of arkadia is down-regulated by tgf-beta." SIGNOR-119669 IL1A protein P01583 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21304099 f lperfetto "Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases" SIGNOR-171873 GLS protein O94925 UNIPROT Glutaminolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 28053289 f "Glutaminase is the rate-limiting enzyme in glutaminolysis and it is encoded by two different genes, GLS and GLS2." SIGNOR-259999 "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 15721307 f lperfetto "Previous reports indicated that the prosurvival signal mediated through α5β1-fibronectin interactions was due to increased Bcl-2 levels" SIGNOR-253310 "SNS-314 Mesylate" chemical CID:24995523 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207102 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 20663147 t gcesareni "Deltanp63 transcriptionally regulates atm to control p53 serine-15 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-167152 APOC3 protein P02656 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 17315402 f Regulation miannu "Apolipoprotein CIII inhibits the lipoprotein lipase." SIGNOR-251850 AGPAT3 protein Q9NRZ7 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 12401205 t gcesareni "Pa can be generated by the acylation of lyso-pa by lyso-pa acyl transferases" SIGNOR-94864 MPO-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C474 SIGNOR ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 2161532 f lperfetto "ANCA-induced release of ROS measured by chemiluminescence." SIGNOR-270590 MAP3K10 protein Q02779 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 SPSTPVGsPQGLAGT 9606 19801649 t llicata "Mlk2 inhibits e47 transactivation activity on the trkb promote" SIGNOR-161531 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11356985 t gcesareni "as noted previously, the human form of par-3 activated phosphoinositide signaling in response to thrombin when overexpressed in cos-7 cells" SIGNOR-108225 KITLG protein P21583 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1698556 t gcesareni "We have also provided biological and physical evidence that scf is a ligand for the c-kit receptor." SIGNOR-21193 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 10090 BTO:0004732 26208884 f "The mitogen activated protein kinases ERK1/2 play an important role in response to toll like receptor (TLR) activation and cytokine production, including IL-10 and IL-12." SIGNOR-256080 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206415 GSK690693 chemical CHEBI:90677 ChEBI AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193000 STC2 protein O76061 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000298 29207625 f lperfetto "STC2 activates STAT3 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus and GT1-7 cells" SIGNOR-260406 "Brivanib alaninate" chemical CID:11154925 PUBCHEM FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190720 seliciclib chemical CHEBI:45307 ChEBI CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206565 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10023660 t gcesareni "The human f box protein beta-trcp associates with the cul1/skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-64514 ARSA protein P15289 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 237937 t Regulation miannu "ASA acetylates hemoglobin. Purified acetylated hemoglobin had a slightly increased oxygen affinity and decreased heme-heme interaction." SIGNOR-251773 6-[difluoro-[6-(1-methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl]methyl]quinoline chemical CHEBI:91417 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193522 orantinib chemical CHEBI:91088 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207441 PI-103 chemical CHEBI:90524 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206163 GDF2 protein Q9UK05 UNIPROT ALPL protein P05186 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19175684 f gcesareni "Wnt3a and bmp-9 enhanced each other's ability to induce alp in mscs" SIGNOR-183535 MK-2461 chemical CID:44137946 PUBCHEM MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194384 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT LRIG3 protein Q6UXM1 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 23723069 f miannu "Lrig1 destabilizes lrig3, limiting lrig3's positive effects on receptors and identifying lrig3 as a new target of lrig1." SIGNOR-202177 MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Mnk1 and mnk2 regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor eif4e." SIGNOR-166646 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT GRAP protein Q13588 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8662889 t gcesareni "To efficiently promote transformation met requires direct binding with grb2." SIGNOR-42358 "Tert-butyl 2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetate" chemical CID:46907787 PUBCHEM BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20871596 t "Simone Vumbaca" "JQ1 displaces BRD4 from nuclear chromatin in cells" SIGNOR-261123 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr463 NDTGSRYyKEIPLSE 9606 BTO:0000567 12637538 t "Abl Phosphorylates and Activates PKD through Tyr463 Phosphorylation" SIGNOR-251430 COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 9685391 t gcesareni "We have isolated a novel collagen type ii binding integrin, a10b1," SIGNOR-59349 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr471 YEDAGSHyLCLLKAR 9606 12408982 t gcesareni "Ec mlck-1 is phosphorylated by p60(src) on tyr(464) and tyr(471), resulting in a 2- to 3-fold increase in ec mlck-1 enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-95242 SGI-1776 chemical CID:24795070 PUBCHEM PIM3 protein Q86V86 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206896 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT Mitotic_checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH28 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20888775 f gcesareni "The multidomain protein kinases bub1 and bubr1 (mad3 in yeast, worms and plants) are central components of the mitotic checkpoint for spindle assembly (sac)" SIGNOR-168192 6-propyl-2-thiouracil smallmolecule CHEBI:8502 ChEBI DIO1 protein P49895 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001379 27347897 t scontino "The activity of D1 but not D2 or D3 is inhibited by 6n-propylthiouracil (PTU)." SIGNOR-267280 CUL4A protein Q13619 UNIPROT "DCX DET1-COP1" complex SIGNOR-C24 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 17452440 t lperfetto "Mammalian det1 regulates cul4a activity and forms stable complexes with e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes" SIGNOR-154502 CCT129202 chemical CID:16202152 PUBCHEM AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190880 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22972936 t milica "Par1 acts through g12/13 and rho gtpase to inhibit the lats1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-199010 3-[2,4-diamino-7-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-pteridinyl]phenol chemical CHEBI:94691 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207248 CADM2 protein Q8N3J6 UNIPROT Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000962 17967169 f Gianni "The adhesion molecule Necl-3/SynCAM-2 localizes to myelinated axons, binds to oligodendrocytes and promotes cell adhesion." SIGNOR-268856 progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI COMT protein P21964 UNIPROT down-regulates 17138778 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Catechol-O-methyltransferase expression was down-regulated by progesterone or estrogen." SIGNOR-251960 CHIR-124 chemical CID:11502647 PUBCHEM CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190973 dacomitinib chemical CHEBI:132268 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205939 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001103 15109499 f gcesareni "Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy." SIGNOR-241949 CDK18 protein Q07002 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 28361970 t lperfetto "Activated PCTK3 phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in vitro. " SIGNOR-264558 R406 chemical CID:11984591 PUBCHEM SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206340 4-methyl-3-[[1-methyl-6-(3-pyridinyl)-4-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91447 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194913 GSK256066 chemical CID:9827968 PUBCHEM PDE4B protein Q07343 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-192982 LHX2 protein P50458 UNIPROT CGA protein P01215 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0001538 7513049 t Luana "In Cos cells, LH-2 activated the a-subunit promoter approximately twofold" SIGNOR-266055 LTBR protein P36941 UNIPROT Lymphoma phenotype SIGNOR-PH14 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17633025 f lperfetto "The lymphotoxin-beta receptor (ltbetar, tnfrsf3) signaling pathway activates gene transcription programs and cell death important in immune development and host defense." SIGNOR-156902 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser143 PPFPSRDsGRLSPDL 9606 21658950 t miannu "Phosphorylation by Aurora B is required for full Haspin activity toward H3T3 in mitosis" SIGNOR-262656 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116900 SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT "LMX1B/SFPQ/PSPC1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C106 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 23308148 t miannu "LMX1B is part of a transcriptional complex with PSPC1 and PSF. This complex was observed in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-223970 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HNRNPC protein P07910 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser260 SEGGADDsAEEGDLL -1 12564933 t llicata "Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates hnRNP-C1/C2 at S247" SIGNOR-251007 U0126.EtOH chemical CHEBI:90692 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207606 "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269013 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14585074 f amattioni "Caspase-3 is responsible for apoptosis execution" SIGNOR-256474 Bafetinib chemical CID:24853523 PUBCHEM BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190224 OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation Ser430 VDRLRRMsLIEEEGS 9606 BTO:0002181 34939084 t Luana "O-GlcNAcylation at Ser-430 promotes PYGL activity" SIGNOR-267988 PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 18250156 t gcesareni "Atm phosphorylates i-2 on serine 43, leading to the dissociation of the pp1-i-2 complex and the activation of pp1." SIGNOR-160651 NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT SNW1 protein Q13573 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887 10713164 t "Ncor2 is a Skip corepressor" gcesareni "Protein-protein interaction assays demonstrated interaction between skip and the corepressor smrt." SIGNOR-74227 4-[[5-amino-1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)-oxomethyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:94506 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193531 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 17183360 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr505 by the chk1 inhibits rela transactivation and results in its increased association with hdac1." SIGNOR-151425 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 16537363 f gcesareni "Indicating that akt positively regulates shh signaling by controlling pka-mediated gli inactivation." SIGNOR-252490 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 GGGDEPGsPAQGKRG 9606 BTO:0000150 21502402 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of serine 68 of twist1 by mapks stabilizes twist1 protein and promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness." SIGNOR-173417 Arry-380 chemical CID:42598643 PUBCHEM ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189882 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21454675 t fstefani "Expression of rptp-beta inhibits both mek1/2 and erk1/2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-173000 "imatinib methanesulfonate" chemical CHEBI:31690 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193393 pelitinib chemical CHEBI:38927 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205755 3-(carbamoylamino)-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-[(3S)-3-piperidinyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:131156 ChEBI CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Azd7762 is equally potent against chk2 in vitro." SIGNOR-163119 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser511 RREERSLsAPGNLLT 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 15209507 t lperfetto "Dapk phosphorylates camkks511 was identified as the phosphorylation site" SIGNOR-126245 IL7 protein P13232 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 20089933 t milica "This receptor (il-7r) is a heterodimer consisting of the il-7r chain and the common cytokine ? -chain." SIGNOR-163545 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr465 GEEELSNyICMGGKG 9606 17827393 t gcesareni "Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)." SIGNOR-157738 EIF4A2 protein Q14240 UNIPROT eIF4F_complex complex SIGNOR-C44 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000671 11408474 t miannu "Eif4a interacts with a scaffold protein, eif4g, to form complexes that also contain the cap-binding protein eif4e, which binds the cap structure (m7gpppn_) at the 5_-end of the mrna. These complexes are termed eif4f." SIGNOR-108512 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004116 7862113 t irozzo "Our studies show that the human C/EBPa protein stimulates USF to bind to a USF consensus element within C/EBPa promoter and activates it by two- to threefold.The mechanism by which C/EBPa enhances USF binding and transactivation is currently under study." SIGNOR-255701 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190302 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT NEK11 protein Q8NG66 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15161910 t esanto "Nek2 directly phosphorylated nek11 in the c-terminal non-catalytic region and elevated nek11 kinase activity." SIGNOR-124944 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser461 NPLMRRNsVTPLASP 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0000671 12065600 t lperfetto "Ipfk-2 was phosphorylated on the homologous serine (ser-461) and activated by ampk in vitro." SIGNOR-216639 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT FZD8 protein Q9H461 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11448771 t gcesareni "Wnt signaling is mediated by the frizzled (fz) family of seven-pass transmembrane receptors that bind wnt via the conserved amino-terminal cysteine-rich domain (crd)" SIGNOR-109250 RAN protein P62826 UNIPROT XPO1 protein O14980 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 31075303 t "Ran ID inferred from sequence: KRHLTGEFEKKYVATLGVEV" lperfetto "The nuclear export by CRM1 requires an interaction with the small GTPase Ras-related nuclear antigen (Ran), which cycles between GTP- and GDP-bound states. The binding of Ran GTP to CRM1 in the nucleus increases the affinity of CRM1 for cargo proteins" SIGNOR-275848 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT RAN protein P62826 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys37 HLTGEFEkKYVATLG 31075303 t "Ran ID inferred from sequence: KRHLTGEFEKKYVATLGVEV" lperfetto "N this study, we demonstrated that SIRT7 interacts with a small GTPase, Ras-related nuclear antigen (Ran), and deacetylates Ran at K37. |The nuclear export by CRM1 requires an interaction with the small GTPase Ras-related nuclear antigen (Ran), which cycles between GTP- and GDP-bound states. The binding of Ran GTP to CRM1 in the nucleus increases the affinity of CRM1 for cargo proteins [[18], [19], [20]]. Interestingly, Ran is a lysine-acetylated protein" SIGNOR-275849 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT USP28 protein Q96RU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser67 DERVKEPsQDTVATE 31938050 t lperfetto "Here we report that the deubiquitylase USP28 is recruited to sites of DNA damage in cisplatin-treated cells. ATR phosphorylates USP28 and increases its enzymatic activity.|Representative immunoblots of n = 3. C Immunoblotting of total and phosphorylated USP28 at serine 67 and 714 in A431 cells exposed to indicated concentrations of CPPD for 6 h." SIGNOR-275850 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT USP28 protein Q96RU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser714 ESSTNSSsQDYSTSQ 31938050 t lperfetto "Here we report that the deubiquitylase USP28 is recruited to sites of DNA damage in cisplatin-treated cells. ATR phosphorylates USP28 and increases its enzymatic activity.|Representative immunoblots of n = 3. C Immunoblotting of total and phosphorylated USP28 at serine 67 and 714 in A431 cells exposed to indicated concentrations of CPPD for 6 h." SIGNOR-275851 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT USP28 protein Q96RU2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser67 DERVKEPsQDTVATE 31938050 t lperfetto "Once all the three conservative SQ sites (S67, S495, and S714), in USP28, were mutated to alanine, the pS/TQ antibody completely could not recognize the immunoprecipitated Flag-USP28-3S/A (Figure ​Figure55D), suggesting that in response to 5'-AZA-induced stress, ATM phosphorylates USP28 at all these three sites.|We demonstrated that the ubiquitin E3 ligase KLHL2 interacted with UCK1 and mediated its polyubiquitination at the K81 residue and degradation. We showed that deubiquitinase USP28 antagonized KLHL2-mediated polyubiquitylation of UCK1. We also provided evidence that ATM-mediated phosphorylation of USP28 resulted in its disassociation from KLHL2 and UCK1 destabilization." SIGNOR-275852 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT USP28 protein Q96RU2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser714 ESSTNSSsQDYSTSQ 31938050 t lperfetto "Once all the three conservative SQ sites (S67, S495, and S714), in USP28, were mutated to alanine, the pS/TQ antibody completely could not recognize the immunoprecipitated Flag-USP28-3S/A (Figure ​Figure55D), suggesting that in response to 5'-AZA-induced stress, ATM phosphorylates USP28 at all these three sites.|We demonstrated that the ubiquitin E3 ligase KLHL2 interacted with UCK1 and mediated its polyubiquitination at the K81 residue and degradation. We showed that deubiquitinase USP28 antagonized KLHL2-mediated polyubiquitylation of UCK1. We also provided evidence that ATM-mediated phosphorylation of USP28 resulted in its disassociation from KLHL2 and UCK1 destabilization." SIGNOR-275853 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT USP28 protein Q96RU2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser495 STSTESSsQDVESTF 31938050 t lperfetto "Once all the three conservative SQ sites (S67, S495, and S714), in USP28, were mutated to alanine, the pS/TQ antibody completely could not recognize the immunoprecipitated Flag-USP28-3S/A (Figure ​Figure55D), suggesting that in response to 5'-AZA-induced stress, ATM phosphorylates USP28 at all these three sites.|We demonstrated that the ubiquitin E3 ligase KLHL2 interacted with UCK1 and mediated its polyubiquitination at the K81 residue and degradation. We showed that deubiquitinase USP28 antagonized KLHL2-mediated polyubiquitylation of UCK1. We also provided evidence that ATM-mediated phosphorylation of USP28 resulted in its disassociation from KLHL2 and UCK1 destabilization." SIGNOR-275854 USP28 protein Q96RU2 UNIPROT UCK1 protein Q9HA47 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination Lys81 EQKAKALkGQYNFDH 31938050 t lperfetto "We demonstrated that the ubiquitin E3 ligase KLHL2 interacted with UCK1 and mediated its polyubiquitination at the K81 residue and degradation. We showed that deubiquitinase USP28 antagonized KLHL2-mediated polyubiquitylation of UCK1." SIGNOR-275855 uridine smallmolecule CHEBI:16704 ChEBI "uridine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57865 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 11306702 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine nucleoside analogs by two human uridine-cytidine kinases.|We have cloned the cDNA of two human UCKs. The approximately 30-kDa proteins, named UCK1 and UCK2, were expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of Urd and Cyd. The enzymes did not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides." SIGNOR-275856 cytidine smallmolecule CHEBI:17562 ChEBI "cytidine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60377 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 11306702 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine nucleoside analogs by two human uridine-cytidine kinases.|We have cloned the cDNA of two human UCKs. The approximately 30-kDa proteins, named UCK1 and UCK2, were expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of Urd and Cyd. The enzymes did not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides." SIGNOR-275857 UCK1 protein Q9HA47 UNIPROT "uridine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57865 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 11306702 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine nucleoside analogs by two human uridine-cytidine kinases.|We have cloned the cDNA of two human UCKs. The approximately 30-kDa proteins, named UCK1 and UCK2, were expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of Urd and Cyd. The enzymes did not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides." SIGNOR-275858 UCK1 protein Q9HA47 UNIPROT "cytidine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60377 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 11306702 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine nucleoside analogs by two human uridine-cytidine kinases.|We have cloned the cDNA of two human UCKs. The approximately 30-kDa proteins, named UCK1 and UCK2, were expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of Urd and Cyd. The enzymes did not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides." SIGNOR-275859 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI JUND protein P17535 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-189672 UCK2 protein Q9BZX2 UNIPROT "uridine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57865 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 11306702 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine nucleoside analogs by two human uridine-cytidine kinases.|We have cloned the cDNA of two human UCKs. The approximately 30-kDa proteins, named UCK1 and UCK2, were expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of Urd and Cyd. The enzymes did not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides." SIGNOR-275860 UCK2 protein Q9BZX2 UNIPROT "cytidine 5'-monophosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60377 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 11306702 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine nucleoside analogs by two human uridine-cytidine kinases.|We have cloned the cDNA of two human UCKs. The approximately 30-kDa proteins, named UCK1 and UCK2, were expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of Urd and Cyd. The enzymes did not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides." SIGNOR-275861 METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT UCK2 protein Q9BZX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 34430596 t lperfetto "Furthermore, the m6A modification regulated by METTL3 led to UCK2 increased messenger RNA (mRNA) stability in melanoma cancer. Functional and mechanistic experiments indicated that UCK2 enhanced the metastasis of melanoma cancer cells through the WNT/β-catenin pathway." SIGNOR-275862 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CLCN3 protein P51790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser109 ERHRRINsKKKESAW 14754994 t lperfetto "Identification of an N-terminal amino acid of the CLC-3 chloride channel critical in phosphorylation-dependent activation of a CaMKII-activated chloride current|The N-terminus of CLC-3, which contains a CaMKII consensus sequence, was phosphorylated by CaMKII in vitro, and mutation of the serine at position 109 (S109A) abolished the CaMKII-dependent Cl(-) conductance, indicating that this residue is important in the gating of CLC-3 at the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-275863 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr153 TLTHMSItRLHEQKL 27511885 t lperfetto "Here, the authors show that energy stress induces an AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Sirt7, which promotes its ubiquitin-independent degradation by REGγ, resulting in the down-regulation of rRNA transcription and cell survival.|These results strongly suggest that the phosphorylation status of SirT7 at T153 plays a crucial role in determining its subcellular distribution, degradation and binding to REGγ." SIGNOR-275864 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr153 TLTHMSItRLHEQKL 27511885 t lperfetto "Here, the authors show that energy stress induces an AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Sirt7, which promotes its ubiquitin-independent degradation by REGγ, resulting in the down-regulation of rRNA transcription and cell survival.|These results strongly suggest that the phosphorylation status of SirT7 at T153 plays a crucial role in determining its subcellular distribution, degradation and binding to REGγ." SIGNOR-275865 PSME3 protein P61289 UNIPROT SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 27511885 t lperfetto "Here, the authors show that energy stress induces an AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of Sirt7, which promotes its ubiquitin-independent degradation by REGγ, resulting in the down-regulation of rRNA transcription and cell survival.|These results strongly suggest that the phosphorylation status of SirT7 at T153 plays a crucial role in determining its subcellular distribution, degradation and binding to REGγ." SIGNOR-275866 PSME1 protein Q06323 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35932807 t lperfetto "While PA28alpha beta is responsible for promoting peptidase activity of proteasome to facilitate MHC-I antigen processing, but unable to promote protein degradation, PA28gamma is well-known to not only promote peptidase activity but also proteolytic activity of proteasome." SIGNOR-275867 PSME2 protein Q9UL46 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35932807 t lperfetto "While PA28alpha beta is responsible for promoting peptidase activity of proteasome to facilitate MHC-I antigen processing, but unable to promote protein degradation, PA28gamma is well-known to not only promote peptidase activity but also proteolytic activity of proteasome." SIGNOR-275868 PSME3 protein P61289 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35932807 t lperfetto "While PA28alpha beta is responsible for promoting peptidase activity of proteasome to facilitate MHC-I antigen processing, but unable to promote protein degradation, PA28gamma is well-known to not only promote peptidase activity but also proteolytic activity of proteasome." SIGNOR-275869 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys19 TGGKAPRkQLATKVA 22722849 t lperfetto "SIRT7 links H3K18 deacetylation to maintenance of oncogenic transformation.|Genome-wide binding studies reveal that SIRT7 binds to promoters of a specific set of gene targets, where it deacetylates H3K18Ac and promotes transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-275870 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys19 TGGKAPRkQLATKAA 22722849 t lperfetto "SIRT7 links H3K18 deacetylation to maintenance of oncogenic transformation.|Genome-wide binding studies reveal that SIRT7 binds to promoters of a specific set of gene targets, where it deacetylates H3K18Ac and promotes transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-275871 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys19 TGGKAPRkQLATKAA 22722849 t lperfetto "SIRT7 links H3K18 deacetylation to maintenance of oncogenic transformation.|Genome-wide binding studies reveal that SIRT7 binds to promoters of a specific set of gene targets, where it deacetylates H3K18Ac and promotes transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-275872 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys19 TGGKAPRkQLATKAA 22722849 t lperfetto "SIRT7 links H3K18 deacetylation to maintenance of oncogenic transformation.|Genome-wide binding studies reveal that SIRT7 binds to promoters of a specific set of gene targets, where it deacetylates H3K18Ac and promotes transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-275873 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys19 TGGKAPRkQLATKAA 22722849 t lperfetto "SIRT7 links H3K18 deacetylation to maintenance of oncogenic transformation.|Genome-wide binding studies reveal that SIRT7 binds to promoters of a specific set of gene targets, where it deacetylates H3K18Ac and promotes transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-275874 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys19 TGGKAPRkQLATKAA 22722849 t lperfetto "SIRT7 links H3K18 deacetylation to maintenance of oncogenic transformation.|Genome-wide binding studies reveal that SIRT7 binds to promoters of a specific set of gene targets, where it deacetylates H3K18Ac and promotes transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-275875 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275876 VX-745 chemical CHEBI:90528 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11892915 t gcesareni "Vx-745 was reported to be active against several isotypes of p38 mapk, including p38alpha, p38beta and p38gamma" SIGNOR-115782 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 7644468 t lperfetto "In transfected cos-1 cells, osteogenic protein (op)-1/bmp-7, and less efficiently bmp-4, bound to bmpr-ii. Bmpr-ii bound ligands only weakly alone, but the binding was facilitated by the presence of previously identified type i receptors for bmps. Binding of op-1/bmp-7 to bmpr-ii was also observed in nontransfected cell lines. Moreover, a transcriptional activation signal was transduced by bmpr-ii in the presence of type i receptors after stimulation by op-1/bmp-7." SIGNOR-217520 MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Lats1 and Lats2 are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases." gcesareni "Lats1/2 are activated by association with the highly homologous scaffold proteins mps one binder kinase activator-like 1a (mobkl1a) and 1b (mobkl1b), which are collectively referred to as mob1." SIGNOR-269865 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PDE4C protein Q08493 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser14 GEGAEACsRLSRSRG 9534 12023945 t miannu "Long PDE4 isoforms from all four sub-families can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). This leads to an increase in their activity and may thus contribute to cellular desensitization processes in cells where these isoforms are selectively expressed.These were Ser89Ala-PDE4A8, Ser133Ala-PDE4B1, Ser13Ala-PDE4C2 and Ser126Ala-PDE4D5." SIGNOR-273938 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GMFB protein P60983 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser53 DEELEGIsPDELKDE -1 7598724 t llicata "We report that recombinant glia maturation factor (GMF), a 17-kD brain protein, can be phosphorylated in vitro at the serine residue by protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA), and casein kinase II (CKII), and at the threonine residue by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). " SIGNOR-250868 PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 11304546 t gcesareni "Co-immunoprecipitation from fibroblasts confirmed that the association between paxillin and ilk occurs in vivo in both adherent cells and cells in suspension. [__] thus, paxillin binding is necessary for efficient focal adhesion targeting of ilk and may therefore impact the role of ilk in integrin-mediated signal transduction events." SIGNOR-106824 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr157 GIRKRPAtDDSSTQN 10090 23707388 t Monia "We also demonstrate that i) CaMKI phosphorylates p27 at Thr157and Thr198 in human cells and at Thr170and Thr197in mouse cells to modulate its subcellular localization;" SIGNOR-261195 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248293 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 19352540 t lperfetto "Smad7 also recruits the HECT type of E3 ubiquitin ligases, Smurf1 and Smurf2. It binds to Smurfs in the nucleus and translocates into the cytoplasm in response to TGF-_ and recruits the ubiquitin ligases to the activated type I receptor ALK5/T_RI, leading to the degradation of the receptor through the proteasomal pathway." SIGNOR-253258 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18394876 t gcesareni "The other major signaling modules that directly regulate the activity of the foxo factors include the stress-activated jun-n-terminal kinase (jnk), the mammalian ortholog of the ste20-like protein kinase (mst1), and the deacetylase sirt1" SIGNOR-253002 CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20940130 t gcesareni "P12Beta-catenin_ also associates to the_ wnt_ co-receptor lrp5/6, an interaction mediated by e-cadherin." SIGNOR-168464 TNFRSF21 protein O75509 UNIPROT ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 32454942 f miannu "Further, data from our laboratories indicate that selective agonism of TNFR2 rescues neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death [160] and excitotoxic cell death [161, 162]. Similarly, TNFR2 activation induces expression of antiapoptotic and detoxifying proteins and protects OPCs against oxidative stress." SIGNOR-263831 PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:58017 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16939420 t miannu "PRPP (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate) is an important metabolite essential for nucleotide synthesis and PRS (PRPP synthetase) catalyses synthesis of PRPP from R5P (ribose 5-phosphate) and ATP." SIGNOR-267079 BGJ-398 chemical CHEBI:63451 ChEBI FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190266 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr373 VNVIPPHtPVRTVMN 9606 1756735 t lperfetto "The retinoblastoma gene product (prb) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is thought to play a key role in the negative regulation of cellular proliferation. The active form of prb is underphosphorylated. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to potential cdc2 phosphorylation sites, we have developed a strategy which has allowed the identification of five sites. S249, t252, t373, s807 and s811 are phosphorylated in vivo, and in each case these sites correspond closely to the consensus sequence for phosphorylation by p34cdc2." SIGNOR-21564 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 12110590 t gcesareni "Here, we show that in fibroblasts, insulin, epidermal growth factor (egf) and serum activate atf2 via a so far unknown two-step mechanism involving two distinct ras effector pathways: the raf-mek-erk pathway induces phosphorylation of atf2 thr71, whereas subsequent atf2 thr69 phosphorylation requires the ral-ralgds-src-p38 pathway." SIGNOR-90517 suprofen chemical CHEBI:9362 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001061 18667313 t Luana "Profens, that is, Ketoprofen 1, Suprofen 2 (Fig. 1), were chosen because of their interesting inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase and of their different selectivity versus the two isoforms COX-1/COX-2. " SIGNOR-257808 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275877 NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626543 t miannu "The neurexin–NL2 interaction is sufficient to induce GABAergic differentiation and clustering of GABAARs at postsynaptic sites" SIGNOR-265453 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RSF1 protein Q96T23 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1359 ENVGKVGsPLDYSLV 9606 BTO:0000567 26259146 t done miannu "Moreover, CDK1 phosphorylates RSF1 at Ser1375, and this phosphorylation is necessary for PLK1 recruitment. Subsequently, PLK1 phosphorylates RSF1 at Ser1359, stabilizing PLK1 deposition. " SIGNOR-273590 BAG5 protein Q9UL15 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15603737 t Monia "Here, we show that BAG5, a BAG domain-containing family member, interacts with both Hsp70 and parkin with deleterious functional consequences. Through these interactions, BAG5 inhibits Hsp70 chaperone activity and parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity Immunoprecipitation (IP) of GFP-parkin resulted in the coimmunoprecipitation of both Hsp70 and BAG5 or BAG5(DARA) (Figure 4A). Furthermore, IP of GFP-parkin resulted in the coimmunoprecipitation of BAG5 or BAG5 (DARA) in the absence of overexpressed Hsp70. Taken together, these data demonstrate that BAG5 can directly inhibit parkin-mediated autoubiquitinylation independently of Hsp70." SIGNOR-261198 C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg748 ASHLGLArSNLDEDI 9606 26806831 t lperfetto "C3 autoactivates in a process known as “tick-over,” which is characterized by spontaneous hydrolysis of a reactive thiol-ester to generate C3(H2O). Although C3(H2O)Bb produces only relatively small amounts of C3b compared to the other C3 convertases, it nevertheless generates enough C3b to set the C3 convertase amplification loop in motion." SIGNOR-263484 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15175348 t lperfetto "The identified pdk1 phosphorylation sites in mek1 and mek2 are ser222 and ser226, respectively, and are known to be essential for full activation." SIGNOR-244938 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr491 PQQRNALtPTTIPDG 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180767 "Doxorubicin hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:31522 ChEBI TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1963303 t miannu "DNA topoisomerase II as the primary target of anti-tumor anthracyclines.Such studies have also given evidence of the peculiar features of the drug interference with DNA topoisomerase II activity. In contrast to other cytotoxic topoisomerase II inhibitors (acridines, epipodophyllotoxins), anthracyclines produce persistent DNA cleavable complexes. This property is more evident with doxorubicin derivatives than with daunorubicin derivatives." SIGNOR-259324 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr575 SNSCRSStTTCPEQD 9606 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249299 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 20383689 t lperfetto "HIF prolyl hydroxylase-3 mediates alpha-ketoglutarate-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression|The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are enzymes that are functionally inactivated in hypoxia, as they use both oxygen and alpha-ketoglutarate as substrates to hydroxylate target prolyl residues." SIGNOR-253138 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ARMC10 protein Q8N2F6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser45 LGIRSSKsAGALEEG 9606 30631047 t miannu "We validated one uncharacterized protein, ARMC10, and demonstrated that the S45 site of ARMC10 can be phosphorylated by AMPK both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ARMC10 overexpression was sufficient to promote mitochondrial fission, whereas ARMC10 knockout prevented AMPK-mediated mitochondrial fission. These results demonstrate that ARMC10 is an effector of AMPK that participates in dynamic regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion." SIGNOR-266413 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-quinolinone chemical CHEBI:91395 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258210 CLTC protein Q00610 UNIPROT "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260670 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT MAL protein P21145 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 35082605 f "Non-canonical pathway (Gli1-indipendent): SMO/AMPK" SimoneGraziosi "We show that GSA-10 promotes Gli2 upregulation, MBP and MAL/OPALIN expression via Smo/AMPactivated Protein Kinase (AMPK) signaling, and efficiently increases the number of axonal contact/ensheathment for each oligodendroglial cell." SIGNOR-269224 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10753870 t gcesareni "Abl binds directly to raft1 and phosphorylates raft1 in vitro and in vivo. c-abl inhibits autophosphorylation of raft1 and raft1-mediated phosphorylation p70(s6k)." SIGNOR-76562 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys37 APSTGGVkKPHRYRP 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275878 Wnt proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF40 SIGNOR Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23290138 t miannu "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-256173 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser694 QTSKRHDsDTFPELK 9606 BTO:0000150 20085797 t lperfetto "We identify a novel akt phosphorylation site in brca1 at s694 which is responsive to activation of these signaling pathways. These data suggest akt phosphorylation of brca1 increases total protein expression by preventing proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-244164 PKMYT1 protein Q99640 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr14 IEKIGEGtYGVVYKG 9606 BTO:0000567 9001210 t "Preference on the part of Myt1Hu for the cyclin-bound form of Cdc2" gcesareni "Myt1hu preferentially phosphorylates cdc2 on threonine 14 in a cyclin-dependent manner;phosphorylation of threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 is inhibitory." SIGNOR-45725 RLIM protein Q9NVW2 UNIPROT LDB2 protein O43679 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10029 BTO:0000246 11882901 t miannu "Here we identify RLIM as a ubiquitin protein ligase that is able to target CLIM cofactors for degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-272616 EML4-ALK "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP8 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28370702 f lperfetto "A specific subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized with an EML4-ALK fusion gene, which drives constitutive oncogenic activation of ALK kinase. We demonstrated that exogenous introduction of EML4-ALK protein with the substitution of lysine 1610 to an alanine in these two cell lines reduced the phosphorylation levels of AKT, one of downstream oncogenic molecules in the EML4-ALK pathway, and suppressed the growth of the two cell lines." SIGNOR-253218 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572;BTO:0000801 SIGNOR-C14 21232017 t lperfetto "Tak1 become activated and then phosphorilates and activates ikk2 which in turn now phosphorylates ikba, marking it for k48-ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-235400 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 9534 BTO:0004055 15367659 t lperfetto "Here, we demonstrate that signaling by protein kinase C (PKC) is sufficient and, in some cases, necessary to drive nuclear export of class II HDAC5 in cardiomyocytes." SIGNOR-249270 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19389701 f gcesareni "Following uv irradiation, usf-1 is phosphorylated by the p38 stress-activated kinase on threonine 153 and directly up-regulates expression of the pomc, mc1r, tyr, tyrp-1 and dct genes" SIGNOR-185575 RPL29 protein P47914 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262471 RUSC1 protein Q9BVN2 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 BTO:0000007 19365808 t miannu "NESCA interacts with the IKK complex by the N-terminal region of NEMO. This experiment revealed that the overexpression of NESCA completely abolished the TRAF6-mediated polyubiquitination of NEMO, as it appears by using either anti-HA (Fig. 5A) or anti-NEMO (Fig. 5B) antibodies on immunoprecipitated extracts." SIGNOR-272775 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258592 RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT BLZF1 protein Q9H2G9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21478859 t lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263340 FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25648147 t miannu "We identify FOXOs as transcriptional activators of IDH1. FOXOs promote IDH1 expression and thereby maintain the cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH." SIGNOR-260103 (S)-malate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15589 ChEBI oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-266281 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" -1 8511589 f lperfetto "The biological functions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are mediated through a signal-transducing component of the IL-6 receptor, gp130, which is associated with the ligand-occupied IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) protein. Binding of IL-6 to IL-6R induced disulfide-linked homodimerization of gp130. Tyrosine kinase activity was associated with dimerized but not monomeric gp130 protein. Substitution of serine for proline residues 656 and 658 in the cytoplasmic motif abolished tyrosine kinase activation and cellular responses but not homodimerization of gp130." SIGNOR-238617 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr171 AIPSNTDyPGPHSFD 9606 19783996 t Manara "In cell lines, upon cisplatin treatment, c-Abl phosphorylates TAp63 on specific tyrosine residues. Such modifications affect p63 stability and induce a p63-dependent activation of proapoptotic promoters." SIGNOR-260932 NRCAM protein Q92823 UNIPROT ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266720 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRM4 protein Q14833 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate" SIGNOR-264074 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23454976 t miannu "SOCS3 binds specific receptor-JAK complexes to control cytokine signaling by direct kinase inhibition" SIGNOR-253051 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3Y2 protein P0DPK5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkATAWQAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269598 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT NCAM1 protein P13591 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003952 11696550 f miannu "Consistent with our observation that expression of exogenous LEF-1 causes transactivation of the N-CAM promoter, a recent study demonstrated that noggin-dependent induction of LEF-1 coincidentally increased N-CAM expression (50). Ectopic noggin added to skin cultures up-regulates LEF-1 expression and stimulates hair induction. Based on promoter assays and EMSAs, our results further support the notion that N-CAM is a direct target of LEF-1." SIGNOR-254549 CIB2 protein O75838 UNIPROT TMC1 protein Q8TDI8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004744 28663585 t miannu " Furthermore, we report that calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 binds to the components of the hair cell mechanotransduction complex, TMC1 and TMC2, and these interactions are disrupted by deafness-causing Cib2 mutations. We conclude that calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 is required for normal operation of the mechanotransducer channels and is involved in limiting the growth of transducing stereocilia." SIGNOR-269664 PRPF19 protein Q9UMS4 UNIPROT PRP19-CDC5L complex SIGNOR-C534 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20176811 t miannu "In this study, we affinity purified the human Prp19/CDC5L complex from HeLa cell lines stably expressing FLAG-AD002 or FLAG-SPF27 and determined its molecular architecture and EM structure. To learn more about the spatial organization of the human Prp19 (hPrp19)/CDC5L complex, which is comprised of hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73, we purified native hPrp19/CDC5L complexes from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002 or SPF27." SIGNOR-271968 OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT NTF3 protein P20783 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22194658 f "same result in PC12 cell" miannu "SiRNA effectively downregulated optineurin expression in RGC-5 and PC12 stable transfected cells. Optineurin siRNA significantly inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis in RGC-5 and PC12 cells. Microarray analysis identified 112 differentially expressed genes in optineurin siRNA transfected RGC-5 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), neurotrophin-3(Ntf3), synaptosomal-associated protein 25(Snap25), and neurofilament, light polypeptide(Nefl) was significantly downregulated in RGC-5 and PC12 cells transfected with optineurin siRNA." SIGNOR-259879 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SH3BP2 protein P78314 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr448 GDDSDEDyEKVPLPN 9534 BTO:0004055 12709437 t lperfetto "By using the transient expression system in COS-7 cells, we have demonstrated that 3BP2 was predominantly phosphorylated on Tyr174, Tyr183, and Tyr446 when it was coexpressed with Syk." SIGNOR-246596 SYNGAP1 protein Q96PV0 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26356309 t miannu "The reversible removal of AIDA-1 from the PSD core under excitatory conditions is similar to the redistribution of another abundant PSD protein, SynGAP. Both SynGAP-alpha1 and AIDA-1 are known to bind PSD-95." SIGNOR-264229 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC13 protein Q99880 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSVYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271995 "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR ATF5 protein Q9Y2D1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 31387448 t lperfetto "Central to the mtUPR is the transcription factor ATF5. When stress causes protein import and/or electron transport chain dysfunction ATF5 accumulates in the nucleus to transcribe mitochondrial chaperones and protease genes |Under normal conditions, ATF5 is imported into and sequestered within mitochondria." SIGNOR-267685 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT SCF-FBW2 complex SIGNOR-C525 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15640526 t miannu "FBW2 targets GCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. Here, we report the identification of an SCF complex as the GCM ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) that regulates human GCMa (hGCMa) degradation. We found that SKP1 and CUL1, two key components of the SCF complex, associate with hGCMa in vivo. We further identify the human F-box protein FBW2 (hFBW2) as the substrate recognition subunit in the SCF E3 complex for hGCMa. We show that hFBW2 interacts with hGCMa in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes hGCMa ubiquitination. Supporting a critical role for hFBW2 in hGCMa degradation, knockdown of hFBW2 expression by RNA interference leads to a reduction in hGCMa ubiquitination and a concomitant increase in hGCMa protein stability. Our study identifies the SCF(hFBW2) E3 complex as the key machinery that targets hGCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system" SIGNOR-271526 HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT ATP6V0E2 protein Q8NHE4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 30375985 t lperfetto "Consistent with previous data, HDAC3 only bound to the ATP6V0E2 promoter in the presence of ALDH2.|Taken together, our data demonstrate that in the macrophages of LDLR-KO or ALDH2 rs671 mutant, AMPK phosphorylates ALDH2 at T356, which enables its nuclear translocation. Once in the nucleus, ALDH2 binds to HDAC3 and suppresses the transcription and protein expression of ATP6V0E2." SIGNOR-271868 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser764 LQSASSHsPTPQRRP 10116 20496096 t "CaN is activated, targeting a set of proteins for dephosphorylation, including dynamin II |We have recently discovered that the ubiquitously expressed dynamin isoform, dynII, is phosphorylated at S764 specifically during mitosis (unpublished data). We now show that S764 is phosphorylated throughout mitosis and is dephosphorylated at the time of cytokinesis(dynII)." SIGNOR-248508 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys37 TPSTCGVkPHRYRPG 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275879 DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT PIP5K1A protein Q99755 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18772438 t gcesareni "Wnt3a stimulates the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphates [ptdins (4,5)p2] through frizzled and dishevelled, the latter of which directly interacted with and activated pip5ki." SIGNOR-180788 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11007482 t "Galphas and Galphai similarly modulate Hck, another member of Src-family tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-256529 DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256914 ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser464 DKEGLSEsVRSSCTL 9606 20643644 t Manara "We show that ULK3 autophosphorylation occurs at four serine residues (Ser-300, Ser-350, Ser-384, and Ser-464) situated outside of the KD | Thus, autophosphorylation of ULK3 may involve conformational changes resulted in exposure of CTD to KD and consequently in generation of the catalytically active kinase." SIGNOR-260796 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10230396 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-67392 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT GP1BA protein P07359 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17725493 f miannu "We and others have previously shown that RUNX1 and GATA-1 physically interact and cooperate in the activation of megakaryocytic promoters such as alpha IIb integrin and glycoprotein Ibalpha." SIGNOR-254195 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "carbamoyl phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58228 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267416 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257936 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19623618 t gcesareni "Here, we identify ck1 and ck2 as major kinases that directly bind to and phosphorylate lef-1 inducing distinct, kinase-specific changes in the lef-1/dna complex.CK1-dependent phosphorylation inhibits, whereas ck2 activates lef-1/beta-catenin transcriptional activity in reporter gene assays." SIGNOR-187209 NUP98-HOXA9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP15 SIGNOR HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28630438 t miannu "NUP98-HOXA9 has an activator-repressor role in transcriptional regulation driven by p300 and HDAC1 interactions. The chromosomal translocation t(7;11)(p15, p15), encoding the fusion protein NUP98-HOXA9 (NHA9), is a rare poor risk cytogenetic event in AML associated with a particularly poor prognosis.In summary, NHA9 deregulates the expression of key leukemic genes, including MEIS1-HOXA9-PBX3 complex, through the enhancer binding and the direct interaction of the fusion protein with HDAC and p300 transcriptional regulators." SIGNOR-261498 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT DERL1 protein Q9BUN8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18519638 t "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Gly86Arg (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Ala5Val (mutation causing interaction)" "Various proteins involved in ERAD have been identified recently (Meusser et al. 2005). Among them, components of the retro-translocation machinery including ATPase p97, its cofactors Ufd1 and Npl4, and the ER membrane proteins Derlin-1 and VIMP are of key importance to ERAD function |Here we show that SOD1(mut) specifically interacted with Derlin-1, a component of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery and triggered ER stress through dysfunction of ERAD." SIGNOR-262785 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:27978 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|It undergoes oxidative deamination, catalyzed by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), to produce reactive aldehyde 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL)." SIGNOR-264180 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination LYS355 YERDLVQkLKVLRHE 9606 BTO:0000007 21572392 t miannu "Here, we report that F-box and LRR domain-containing protein 15 (FBXL15), an F-box protein of the FBXL family, forms an Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein-Roc1 (SCF)(FBXL15) ubiquitin ligase complex and targets Smurf1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.  FBXL15, through its leucine-rich repeat domain, specifically recognizes the large subdomain within the N-lobe of the Smurf1 HECT domain and promotes the ubiquitination of Smurf1 on K355 and K357 within the WW-HECT linker region. In this way, FBXL15 positively regulates BMP signalling in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-271911 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275880 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22153608 t "Activation of Wnt signaling induces the hyperphosphorylation of Dishevelled (DVL), and this, via a poorly understood mechanism, ultimately leads to a rise in beta-Catenin levels and to the activation of beta-Catenin target genes." gcesareni "Taz binds to dvl proteins, thereby inhibiting dvl phosphorylation by casein kinase 1-delta and -epsilon kinases (ck1d/e), thus promoting beta-catenin degradation." SIGNOR-195212 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr454 RAPIIAVtRNPQTAR 9606 24142698 t Manara "Importantly, we found that PIM2 could directly phosphorylate PKM2 on the Thr-454 residue, resulting in an increase of PKM2 protein levels." SIGNOR-260905 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr14 VEKIGEGtYGVVYKA 9606 12411508 t gcesareni "Cell division cycle 25 a (cdc25a), a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, is one of the most crucial cell cycle regulators, which removes the inhibitory phosphorylation in cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), such as cdk2, cdk4, and cdk6, and positively regulates the activities of cdks that lead to cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-95252 COL1A2 protein P08123 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253248 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys84 PFTIAQGkGQKLCEI 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations. This result aligns well with the observation that multiple ubiquitylated DEK lysine residues were detected in the initial proteome analysis (fig. S2E)." SIGNOR-272829 "[4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-2-(Dimethylamino)-1h-Benzimidazol-1-Yl]acetic Acid" chemical CID:46943415 PUBCHEM CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22115617 t Federica "4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- and 4,5,6,7-tetraiodo-1H-benzimidazoles and their newly obtained N1- and 2-S-carboxyalkyl derivatives showed potent inhibitory activity against both these subunits. CK2α was up to 6 times more sensitive to the studied compounds than CK2α." SIGNOR-261112 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser396 FTWKRLRsHSRQYVS 9606 15328002 t gcesareni "Two amino acid residues (ser396, ser398) on hr1 were determined to be pkc phosphorylation sites by in vitro phosphorylation studies.Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggests that the ser398 residue was primarily involved in pkc-mediated desensitization. Possibly, phosphorylation of the residues is required for receptor transport from endosomes to lysosomes." SIGNOR-128411 "Brivanib alaninate" chemical CID:11154925 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190732 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 19282669 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-270175 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FLNC protein Q14315 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser2233 LGRERLGsFGSITRQ 10090 BTO:0000165 32444788 t miannu "We identified the extended basophilic phosphosite motif RxRxxp[S/T]xxp[S/T] in various proteins including filamin-C (FLNc). Importantly, this extended motif, located in a unique insert in Ig-like domain 20 of FLNc, is doubly phosphorylated. The protein kinases responsible for this dual-site phosphorylation are Akt and PKCα. Proximity proteomics and interaction analysis identified filamin A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) as direct FLNc binding partner. FILIP1 binding induces filamin degradation, thereby negatively regulating its function. Here, dual-site phosphorylation of FLNc not only reduces FILIP1 binding, providing a mechanism to shield FLNc from FILIP1-mediated degradation, but also enables fast dynamics of FLNc necessary for its function as signaling adaptor in cross-striated muscle cells. In vitro kinase assays combined with LC-MS confirmed hFLNc-S2233 as a substrate of Akt, whereas PKCα preferentially targeted S2236." SIGNOR-262616 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr336 SKQSPIStPTSPGSL 9606 14741103 t llicata "In order to determine the sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5, serine or threonine in the nine potential sites were substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to create mutant Dcx proteins. hese were analyzed by co-transfection of 293T cells with cdk5/p35. All-sites-A mutant Dcx showed no slower migrating species on Western analysis, indicating that removal of all nine possible sites is sufficient to block the phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35. However, each single mutant Dcx retains the slower migrating species similar to the wild-type Dcx, suggesting that any single mutation is not sufficient to block phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35." SIGNOR-250660 ZRANB1 protein Q9UGI0 UNIPROT UVRAG protein Q9P2Y5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 30686098 t miannu "Here we report that UVRAG is ubiquitinated by SMURF1 at lysine residues 517 and 559, which decreases the association of UVRAG with RUBCN and promotes autophagosome maturation. However, the deubiquitinase ZRANB1 specifically cleaves SMURF1-induced K29 and K33-linked polyubiquitin chains from UVRAG, thereby increasing the binding of UVRAG to RUBCN and inhibiting autophagy flux. " SIGNOR-273651 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CDKN2D protein P55273 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr141 RRDARGLtPLELALQ 9606 22558186 t lperfetto "Cdk2 and pka were found to participate in p19ink4d phosphorylation process and that they would mediate serine 76 and threonine 141 modifications respectively.we propose a sequential phosphorylation model for p19 in which modification at s76 would enable a second phosphorylation event at t141. The phosphorylation-induced structural changes could have functional implicancies for p19 in the dna damage response" SIGNOR-197289 PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15297875 t miannu "These data indicate that PRC1 binds to KIF4, MKLP1 and CENP-E during late mitosis; however, it apparently does not interact simultaneously with more than one of these motor proteins." SIGNOR-265990 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1060 HGHVSDAsIRVGENV -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262900 proline smallmolecule CHEBI:26271 ChEBI Pro-tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29154 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270434 ZNF165 protein P49910 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26567849 t Luana "ZNF165 drives the unrestrained activation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling by directly inactivating the expression of negative feedback pathway regulators, SMURF2, SMAD7 and PMEPA1." SIGNOR-266093 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT EXO1 protein Q9UQ84 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20019063 t gcesareni "The phosphorylation of exo1 by atm appears to regulate the activity of exo1 following resection, allowing optimal rad51 loading and the completion of hr repair." SIGNOR-162304 MTSS1 protein O43312 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17845852 t gcesareni "Mim is a shh-responsive gene that can potentiate gli transcriptional activity.MIM Appears to regulate target gene expression through its association with the gli complex" SIGNOR-157650 RAPGEF5 protein Q92565 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183732 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PCGF2 protein P35227 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271089 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser278 QKVAERRsSPLLRRK 9606 22865920 t lperfetto "We define the precise site of aurb-mediated phosphorylation as a conserved serine within the nuclear localization signals of hdac4, hdac5, and hdac9 at ser265, ser278, and ser242, respectivelyduring mitosis, aurb-mediated phosphorylation may localize class iia hdacs to a phosphorylation gradient at the spindle midzone, permitting temporal and spatial regulatory mechanisms altering hdac protein interactions" SIGNOR-198650 SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Well-described targets of srebp-1 and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (chrebp), which include the following: fatty acid synthase (fas), acetyl coa carboxylase (acc1), and liver pyruvate kinase (l-pk)" SIGNOR-270288 Pentostatin chemical CID:439693 PUBCHEM ADA protein P00813 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 2433905 t miannu "2'-Chloropentostatin is a new inhibitor of adenosine deaminase isolated from the fermentation broth of an unidentified actinomycete, ATCC 39365. It contains the aglycone of coformycin, i.e. 3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-o1, coupled to the unusual carbohydrate, 2'-chloro-2'-deoxyribose. 2'-Chloropentostatin is a slightly weaker inhibitor of rat and human adenosine deaminases than coformycin, and considerably weaker than pentostatin. Unlike pentostatin, which appears to undergo a two-stage interaction with adenosine deaminase, 2'-chloropentostatin forms a single enzyme-inhibitor complex. The enzyme-inhibitor complex between adenosine deaminase and 2'-chloropentostatin was much more rapidly dissociable than the complex with pentostatin." SIGNOR-259261 2-[3-[[7-[3-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propoxy]-4-quinazolinyl]amino]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide chemical CHEBI:91367 ChEBI AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258181 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1047 SSSSELStPEKPPHQ 9606 BTO:0000680;BTO:0001573;BTO:0001286 SIGNOR-C17 14551205 t lperfetto "Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene, by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b.Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain. Tuberin interacts with phosphohamartin, and tuberin expression attenuates the phosphorylation of exogenous hamartin. Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70s6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex" SIGNOR-118580 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PRPF3 protein O43395 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr494 TEAVQDPtKVEAHVR 9606 17932117 t lperfetto "Our findings provide new insights into the biology of hprp3p and suggest that the loss of hprp3p phosphorylation at thr494 is a key step for initiating thr494met aberrant interactions within u4/u6 snrnp complex and that these are likely linked to the rp18 phenotype." SIGNOR-158319 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10976919 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Like many receptors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors (trs) bind to specific th-dna responsive elements (tre) upstream of target gene in heterodimeric complex with the 9-cis retinoid acid receptor (rxr" SIGNOR-267805 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR TELO2 protein Q9Y4R8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23263282 t miannu "Here we report that Tel2 and Tti1 are targeted for degradation within mTORC1 by the SCFFbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mTOR signalling to growth factor availability. The interaction between Tel2/Tti1 and Fbxo9 identified by mass spectrometry suggests that SCFFbxo9 is probably the ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of both proteins." SIGNOR-272000 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275881 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15627498 t miannu "We discuss recent insights in the functional differences between two evolutionary conserved subclasses of swi/snf-related chromatin remodeling factors. Onesubfamily comprises yeast swi/snf, fly bap and mammalian baf, whereas the other subfamily includes yeast rsc, fly pbap andmammalian pbaf. We review the subunit composition, conserved protein modules and biological functions of each of these subclasses ofswi/snf remodelers." SIGNOR-132933 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 SALSYLQsPITTSPS 9606 10617468 t lperfetto "Mkp-1 was a target in vivo and in vitro for p42(mapk) or p44(mapk), which phosphorylates mkp-1 on two carboxyl-terminal serine residues, serine 359 and serine 364. This phosphorylation did not modify mkp-1's intrinsic ability to dephosphorylate p44(mapk) but led to stabilization of the protein." SIGNOR-73621 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT FXYD1 protein O00168 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser83 EEGTFRSsIRRLSTR 9606 21220422 t llicata "We conclude that phosphorylation of plm increases its oligomerization into tetramers, decreases its binding to nka, and alters the structures of both the tetramer and nka regulatory complex." SIGNOR-171184 LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000664 21821001 f miannu "The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inducible galectin-3 in leukemic cells escape of apoptotic stimuli. Notably, inducible galectin-3, which stabilized the pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2, was essential for anti-apoptosis." SIGNOR-261904 Cyclopamine chemical CHEBI:4021 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0000298 12414725 t gcesareni "The steroidal alkaloid cyclopamine has both teratogenic and antitumor activities arising from its ability to specifically block cellular responses to vertebrate Hedgehog signaling. We show here, using photoaffinity and fluorescent derivatives, that this inhibitory effect is mediated by direct binding of cyclopamine to the heptahelical bundle of Smoothened (Smo)" SIGNOR-95270 NMBR protein P28336 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257315 "sphingosine 1-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37550 ChEBI S1PR4 protein O95977 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 10753843 t "These results indicate that EDG-6 is a high affinity receptor for SPP, which couples to a G(i/o) protein, resulting in the activation of growth-related signaling pathways" SIGNOR-261143 KLHL20 protein Q9Y2M5 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26687681 t miannu "Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin Ligase Governs the Turnover of ULK1 and VPS34 Complexes to Control Autophagy Termination. KLHL20 promotes ubiquitination of phagophore-residing VPS34 and Beclin-1" SIGNOR-272415 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19726546 t lperfetto "Thus, TGF-_1 rapidly stimulates activity of both RhoA and Rac1 and this activation requires ALK5/T_RI kinase activity." SIGNOR-227499 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser294 QLSKWPGsPTSRSSD 9606 19282669 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of foxo3a by erk1/2 at residues ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425 increases foxo3amdm2 interaction and enhances foxo3a degradation via an mdm2-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-184569 EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31226023 f miannu "Activated PERK phosphorylates the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), which inhibits the conversion of inactive GDP-bound eIF2α back to the active GTP-bound form, thereby suppressing translation initiation.The resulting global attenuation of protein synthesis reduces the ER protein influx and allows the ER to reprogram for preferential expression of UPR genes." SIGNOR-260166 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SPTBN1 protein Q01082 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr2159 NGATEQRtSSKESSP -1 17088250 t miannu "Short C-terminal splice variant of betaII-spectrin (betaIISigma2) is a substrate for phosphorylation. protein kinase A phosphorylates Thr-2159. Mammalian alphaII- and betaII-spectrin subunits form dimers that associate head to head with high affinity to form tetramers In vitro, protein kinase A phosphorylation of an active fragment of betaIISigma2 greatly reduced its interaction with alphaII-spectrin at the tetramerization site." SIGNOR-250054 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271564 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001130 15695390 t gcesareni "Our study has identified e-cadherin as a novel substrate of pkd1, and phosphorylation of e-cadherin by pkd1 is associated with increased cellular aggregation and decreased cellular motility in prostate cancer." SIGNOR-133856 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT ALOX15 protein P16050 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 12517954 f lperfetto "In A549 cells activation of 15-LOX by IL-4 required the coactivation of histone acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein/p300 and led to a sizable production of 15(S)-HETE" SIGNOR-254093 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr120 IIRLRNKtLTEDEIA 9606 19940129 t llicata "Akt interacts with mst1 and phosphorylates a highly conserved residue threonine 120 of mst1, which leads to inhibition of its kinase activity and nuclear translocation as well as the autophosphorylation of thr(183)." SIGNOR-252507 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys38 PATGGVKkPHRYRPG 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275882 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257468 PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 19881509 t Giorgia "PCBP2 mediates degradation of the adaptor MAVS via the HECT ubiquitin ligase AIP4." SIGNOR-260360 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ATG9A protein Q7Z3C6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser761 QSIPRSAsYPCAAPR 9606 25266655 t miannu "Our data suggest that the localization of mammalian Atg9A to autophagosomes requires phosphorylation on the C terminus of Atg9A at S761, which creates a 14-3-3ζ docking site. Under basal conditions, this phosphorylation is maintained at a low level and is dependent on both ULK1 and AMPK." SIGNOR-266365 XBP1 protein P17861-2 UNIPROT "Chaperone-mediated protein folding" phenotype SIGNOR-PH120 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 15598891 f miannu "ATF6 and XBP1 are transcription factors activated specifically in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Three cis-acting elements capable of binding to ATF6, XBP1 or both have been identified to date, namely ER stress-response element (ERSE), unfolded protein response element (UPRE) and ERSE-II. ERSE controls the expression of ER-localized molecular chaperones such as BiP that can refold unfolded proteins in the ER; transcription from ERSE is fully activated by ATF6 even in the absence of XBP1. In contrast, transcription from UPRE depends solely on XBP1 and it has been suggested that UPRE may control the expression of components of the ER-associated degradation system that can degrade unfolded proteins in the ER." SIGNOR-260185 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr283 QGPSQTStPTDVTAI 9606 16331257 t lperfetto "These results support the hypothesis that pp1 constitutively keeps cyclin d3 in a stable, dephosphorylated state" SIGNOR-264662 RNF126 protein Q9BV68 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23026136 t miannu "E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF126 promotes cancer cell proliferation by targeting the tumor suppressor p21 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation.We showed that RNF126 interacts with p21 and RNF126 overexpression increased p21 protein ubiquitination in an E3 ligase activity-dependent manner." SIGNOR-272033 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 21902831 f gcesareni "Chen et al. showed that phosphorylated creb is present at high levels in cells of the dermomyotome that express pax3, myod and myf5 and that this phosphorylation is critical for the induction of these genes." SIGNOR-176536 terbutaline chemical CHEBI:9449 ChEBI ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257871 "Obatoclax mesylate" chemical CID:46930996 PUBCHEM BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23515850 t lperfetto "Obatoclax and its predecessor analogs bind to BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-w, BCL-B, BFL-1, and MCL-1 in vitro" SIGNOR-262022 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser373 SMGTLRTsISVERQI 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t gcesareni "...expression of GRK4Ž drastically increased the basal level of32P incorporation into B2R.[€]a clustered phosphorylation around Ser(346) is necessary for desensitization of the B2 receptor-induced phospholipase C activation." SIGNOR-249658 MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000142 20493079 t Luana "The selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and (−)-deprenyl were used to study the distribution of monoamine oxidase-A and -B (MAO-A, MAO-B) activities towards (−)-noradrenaline and (+),(−)-adrenaline in homogenates from seven different regions of human brain. Noradreanline and adrenaline were substrates for both forms of the enzyme in all regions studied." SIGNOR-269744 SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32140746 t lperfetto "Characterization of the purified SF3b complex indicated that it consists of seven proteins with a molecular size ranging from 10 to 155 kDa [10–12] (Fig. 1a). Due to methodological differences in identifying SF3b components in human and yeast, a number of names have been designated for these proteins across different species. In this review, I will use SF3b1-7 for consistency and clarity (Fig. 1a)." SIGNOR-268403 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 14657655 t gcesareni "Phospho-gsk3b-specific antibodies also revolved that lkb1 regulates gsk3b phosphorylation at a known inhibitory site, serine-9. This localized phosphorylation is cdc42 and pkc-zeta-dependent." SIGNOR-119889 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser439 AGSPFQSsPLSLGSR 9606 SIGNOR-C17 16880739 t llicata "Cdk1/cyclin b-mediated phosphorylation stabilizes srebp1 during mitosis." SIGNOR-148354 bufexamac chemical CHEBI:31317 ChEBI HDAC10 protein Q969S8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000664 21258344 t Luana " We also identified the anti-inflammatory drug bufexamac as a class IIb (HDAC6, HDAC10) HDAC inhibitor." SIGNOR-257891 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT ARFGAP1 protein Q8N6T3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22423108 t gcesareni "Arfgap1 is an lrrk2 kinase substrate whose gap activity is inhibited by lrrk2. The phosphorylation of arfgap1 by lrrk2 was subjected to mass spectrometry to determine the sites of phosphorylation. There was 95.3% coverage and serines(s155, s246, s284) and threonine (t189, t216, t292) are phosphorylated by lrrk2. Mutational analysis of these serine and threonine amino acids to alanine reveals that no single amino acid is the predominant phospho-amino acid." SIGNOR-196732 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT APTX protein Q7Z2E3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr125 AKNPGLEtHRKRKRS 9606 19561170 t llicata "We show the novel molecular consequences of increased kinase activities of mutants: aprataxin (aptx), a dna repair protein causative for autosomal recessive ataxia, was found to be a preferential substrate of mutant pkc gamma, and phosphorylation inhibited its nuclear entry. ollectively, phosphorylation occurred at thr111, reducing nuclear aptx." SIGNOR-186409 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-2 protein Q5TEC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys38 PATGGVKkPHRYRPG 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275883 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys38 PSTGGVKkPHRYRPG 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275884 phenytoin chemical CHEBI:8107 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258160 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8052307 t gcesareni "In vivo, dominant negative ras mutant n17 inhibits growth factor induced production of 3' phosphorylated phosphoinositides in pc12 cells, and transfection of ras, but not raf, into cos cells results in a large elevation in the level of these lipids. Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85. it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner. lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-35878 olanzapine chemical CHEBI:7735 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258508 P2RY4 protein P51582 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257006 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20974802 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6. External stimuli, which control the activity of mapks, such as phorbol esters and fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) control the choice of the lrp6-ppps/tp kinase and regulate the amplitude of lrp6 phosphorylation and wnt/beta-catenin-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-269908 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT up-regulates -1 16930133 t lperfetto "In vitro phosphorylation experiments indicate that the phosphorylation of Sav by Mst is direct. The stabilizing effect of Mst was much greater on N-terminally truncated hSav mutants, as long as they retained the ability to bind Mst. Mst mutants that lacked the C-terminal coiled-coil domain and were unable to bind to hSav, also failed to stabilize or phosphorylate hSav" SIGNOR-217833 RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins." SIGNOR-16581 "Vincristine sulfate" chemical CHEBI:79401 ChEBI MMP10 protein P09238 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 30599272 t miannu "Vincristine is commonly administered as an effective anti-brain tumor drug. Vincristine treatment also impaired the microtubule-associated protein tubulin, and fibronectin, and downregulated MMP10 activity." SIGNOR-259253 P2RY10 protein O00398 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257287 MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT GSTM1 protein P09488 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14576818 t "Functional analysis of the GSTM1 promoter using reporter assays indicated that both the DNA binding and transactivation domains of Myb were required for transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-253975 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3-5 protein Q6NXT2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys38 K-->P 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275885 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 9606 10831586 t lperfetto "Hkis is a nuclear protein that binds the c-terminal domain of p27(kip1) and phosphorylates it on s10 in vitro and in vivo, promoting its nuclear export to the cytoplasm.Phosphorylation at serine 10, a major phosphorylation site of p27(kip1), increases its protein stability" SIGNOR-77705 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr363 IEDDIIYtQDFTVPG 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 12805220 t lperfetto "It was shown that thr336 and thr366 are the major autophosphorylation sites of mouse lkb1 (sapkota et al., 2002). We confirmed these data on the human orthologues thr336 and thr363. Moreover, the enhanced stoichiometry of lkb1 autophosphorylation by strad enabled us to identify two novel sites: thr185 and thr402. We show that increased lkb1 autophosphorylation of all sites correlates with the activation of its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-101848 P2RY6 protein Q15077 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257398 TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256776 FAM13A protein O94988 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260502 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15998794 t gcesareni "Up-regulation of skp2 by notch signaling enhances proteasome-mediated degradation of the ckis, p27 kip1 and p21 cip1, and causes premature entry into s phase." SIGNOR-138490 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1105 LDRKRHNsISEAKMR 10116 BTO:0004576 11278298 t lperfetto "PKG can directly phosphorylate PLC-beta2 and PLC-beta3 in vitro with purified proteins and in vivo with metabolic labeling. Phosphorylation of PLC-beta leads to the inhibition of G-protein-activated PLC-beta3 activity by 50-70% in COS-7 cell transfection assays. By using phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis, we further identified two key phosphorylation sites for the regulation of PLC-beta3 by PKG (Ser(26) and Ser(1105)). Mutation at these two sites (S26A and S1105A) of PLC-beta3 completely blocked the phosphorylation of PLC-beta3 protein catalyzed by PKG." SIGNOR-249077 SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT "LINC complex" complex SIGNOR-C303 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 24481844 t lperfetto "LINC complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. SUN domain proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, located at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) interact with the nuclear lamins, Lamin A/C, B1, and B2, that line the nucleoplasmic face of the INM. SUN domain proteins interact with Nesprins in the perinuclear space (PNS). Nesprins protrude from the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and interact with the cytoskeleton, often through an intermediate binding partner. Nesprin 1 giant (g) and Nesprin 2g potentially link the NE directly to the Z-disc (Z), whereas Nesprin 1alpha and 2alpha may connect via an unknown intermediate protein. In addition, the shorter isoforms of Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2 may localize to the INM." SIGNOR-263282 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXC6 protein P09630 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260028 PICK1 protein Q9NRD5 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 25784538 t "inferred from family member" miannu "RAB39B directs GluA2 trafficking in neurons. GTP-bound RAB39B interacts with PICK1. In line with evidence that PICK1 can dimerize, the structural model suggests that dimerization of PICK1 is a prerequisite for simultaneous recognition of both RAB39B and GluA2 each by one of the PICK1 molecules in the PICK1 dimer (Fig. 6a‚Äìc). The existence of such complex is supported by our co-immunoprecipitation experiments shown above." SIGNOR-270236 TUT1 protein Q9H6E5 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21102410 f miannu "Star-PAP is a poly (A) polymerase (PAP) that is putatively required for 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of a select set of pre-messenger RNAs (mRNAs)" SIGNOR-272322 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr250 KEEVVGLtETSSQPK 9606 BTO:0000776 7678037 t llicata "These data suggest taht CKII can phosphorylate more than one site on CD20 molecule. | Taken together, this data shown that insulin can increase serine/ threonine phosphorylation and may stimulate CKII activity in B cells." SIGNOR-251013 CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT FUT2 protein Q10981 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000182;BTO:0000391 22547830 f miannu "We provide evidence that ST3GAL1/3/4 and FUT3 are transcriptionally up-regulated by c-Myc with probable involvement of Ser62 phosphorylation, and that FUT2 is transcriptionally down-regulated through the attenuation of CDX2." SIGNOR-254610 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr58 KKFELLPtPPLSPSR 9606 16023596 t gcesareni "Similar to c-myc, similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-138596 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys38 PATGGVKkPHRYRPG 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275886 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT H3C15 protein Q71DI3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys38 PATGGVKkPHRYRPG 30653310 t lperfetto "Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37." SIGNOR-275887 PRMT6 protein Q96LA8 UNIPROT SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Arg388 ILGGWFGrGCTKRTK 30420520 t lperfetto "Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) directly interacts with and methylates SIRT7 at R388 in vitro and in vivo R388 methylation suppresses the H3K18 deacetylase activity of SIRT7 without modulating its subcellular localization." SIGNOR-275888 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PRMT6 protein Q96LA8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 30420520 t lperfetto "AMPK induces R388 hypomethylation by disrupting the association between PRMT6 and SIRT7.|Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) directly interacts with and methylates SIRT7" SIGNOR-275889 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys3016 VLMRLQEkLKGVEEG 30944854 t lperfetto "Here, we report that sirtuin 7 (SIRT7)-mediated deacetylation is essential for dephosphorylation and deactivation of ATM. We show that SIRT7, a class III histone deacetylase, interacts with and deacetylates ATM in vitro and in vivo. |Upon DNA damage, ATM is activated via a series of highly organized machineries, including acetylation by the histone acetyltransferase TIP60 at lysine 3016" SIGNOR-275890 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys3016 VLMRLQEkLKGVEEG 30944854 t lperfetto "Here, we report that sirtuin 7 (SIRT7)-mediated deacetylation is essential for dephosphorylation and deactivation of ATM. We show that SIRT7, a class III histone deacetylase, interacts with and deacetylates ATM in vitro and in vivo. |Upon DNA damage, ATM is activated via a series of highly organized machineries, including acetylation by the histone acetyltransferase TIP60 at lysine 3016" SIGNOR-275891 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys205 RDLINLAkKRTNIIP 30540930 t lperfetto "Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7.|hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. |Global acetylome studies have shown that FBL is acetylated at four conserved lysine residues (K102, K121, K205, and K206)" SIGNOR-275892 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys206 DLINLAKkRTNIIPV 30540930 t lperfetto "Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7.|hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. |Global acetylome studies have shown that FBL is acetylated at four conserved lysine residues (K102, K121, K205, and K206)" SIGNOR-275893 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys102 GVFICRGkEDALVTK 30540930 t lperfetto "Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7.|hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. |Global acetylome studies have shown that FBL is acetylated at four conserved lysine residues (K102, K121, K205, and K206)" SIGNOR-275894 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys121 GESVYGEkRVSISEG 30540930 t lperfetto "Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7.|hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. |Global acetylome studies have shown that FBL is acetylated at four conserved lysine residues (K102, K121, K205, and K206)" SIGNOR-275895 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys205 RDLINLAkKRTNIIP 30540930 t lperfetto "Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7.|hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. |Global acetylome studies have shown that FBL is acetylated at four conserved lysine residues (K102, K121, K205, and K206)" SIGNOR-275896 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT HLX protein Q14774 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254936 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SHOX protein O15266 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 EKREDVKsEDEDGQT 9606 16325853 t lperfetto "We show also that casein kinase ii phosphorylates shox on serine 106 efficiently in vitro. S106a shox mutant, defective in phosphorylation, does not activate transcription and fails to induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis" SIGNOR-142875 AHCTF1 protein Q8WYP5 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262086 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser338 RPRGQRDsSYYWEIE 10090 24530606 t gcesareni "PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 dephosphorylate RAF1 to reduce its signaling, increase the invasive and migratory activities of CRC cells, and activate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In Apc(Min) mice, loss of PHLPP1 promotes tumor progression." SIGNOR-237449 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ZNHIT1 protein O43257 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20473270 t gcesareni "We show that the srcap subunit named znhit1 or p18(hamlet), which is a substrate of p38 mapk, is recruited to the myogenin promoter at the onset of muscle differentiation, in a p38 mapk-dependent manner. Furthermore, p18hamlet was phosphorylated during myoblast differentiation in a p38 mapk-dependent manner (dal testo pmc)" SIGNOR-165571 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser584 ETSIFTPsPCKIPPP 9606 BTO:0000680;BTO:0001573;BTO:0001286 SIGNOR-C17 14551205 t lperfetto "Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of hamartin, the product of the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 gene, by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b.Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylates hamartin at three sites, one of which (thr417) is in the hamartin-tuberin interaction domain. Tuberin interacts with phosphohamartin, and tuberin expression attenuates the phosphorylation of exogenous hamartin. Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70s6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex" SIGNOR-118576 MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 GTEEKCGsPQVRTLS 9606 18337751 t gcesareni "The phosphorylation of eef2k at ser359 is of particular interest. First, the phosphorylation of this site strongly decreases the activity of eef2k even at high calcium concentrations (knebel et al, 2001), that is, desensitizes eef2k to the activating effects of elevated ca2+ levels. third, although p38 map kinase (also termed sapk4 can phosphorylate ser359 in vitro (knebel et al, 2001), this enzyme is not known to be active basally or to be regulated by amino acids." SIGNOR-177986 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser684 IGIPQFHsPVGSPLK 9606 20236090 t "Reciprocally, we found that the phosphatases Cdc14A and Cdc14B (Cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to ERK3 and reverse its C-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis. Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.|In vitro phosphorylation of a series of ERK3-deletion mutants by mitotic cell extracts revealed that phosphorylation is confined to the unique C-terminal extension of the protein. Using MS analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, Ser684, Ser688, Thr698 and Ser705, located at the extreme C-terminus of ERK3." SIGNOR-248334 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1864 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120220 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257956 CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT aldosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:27584 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268685 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT ITGA11 protein Q9UKX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 9606 BTO:0001282 16300938 t lperfetto "We speculate that the ""mesenchymal signature"" of alpha11 integrin gene expression is controlled by the activity of Sp1/Sp3, fibroblast-specific combinations of Ets family members and yet unidentified enhancer-binding transcription factors." SIGNOR-253352 YWHAG protein P61981 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 14701738 t miannu "In order to address whether Gem binds specific isoforms of 14-3-3, we determined the coassociation of Gem and 14-3-3 in the neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y. 14-3-3ζ, -γ, -τ, and -β were observed to bind to Gem. 14-3-3-bound Gem has a twofold-longer half-life than nonbound Gem (Fig. ​(Fig.6).6). A similar increase in protein stability following 14-3-3 binding has been described for the Wee1 kinase" SIGNOR-261723 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9031 SIGNOR-C29 12478285 t "Create trimers (2 typeII and 1 typeI) with serine/threonine kinase function" lperfetto "Noggin binds the domain that is re-quired for bmp-7 to interact with bmp type i and type ii receptors (PMID 22298955). Noggin Inhibits bmp by blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type i and type ii receptors" SIGNOR-219225 HIPK3 protein Q9H422 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser194 QNRSGAMsPMSWNSD -1 11034606 t "FIST/HIPK3 causes FADD phosphorylation, thereby promoting FIST/HIPK3-FADD-Fas interaction.¬† Phosphorylation occurs on Ser194 close to the COOH terminus of human FADD| Fas ligand-induced activation of Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase is impaired by overexpressed active FIST/HIPK3" SIGNOR-251272 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr463 MLAGVSEyELPEDPR 10116 BTO:0003293 19224897 t lperfetto "This second-stage autophosphorylation occurs on Y583, in the kinase insert region (a noncatalytic sequence within the kinase domain), followed by autophosphorylation of Y463 in the juxtamembrane region, Y766 in the C-terminal tail, and Y585 in the kinase insert region" SIGNOR-235762 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT TRAF1 protein Q13077 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9733516 f gcesareni "Thus, our data indicate that nf-kb controls the expression of traf1 and traf2 and c-iap1 and c-iap2." SIGNOR-59957 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys206 DLINLAKkRTNIIPV 30540930 t lperfetto "Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7.|hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. |Global acetylome studies have shown that FBL is acetylated at four conserved lysine residues (K102, K121, K205, and K206)" SIGNOR-275897 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 20647423 t gcesareni "Ampk recruitment and h2b ser36 phosphorylation colocalized within genes activated by ampk-dependent pathways, both in promoters and in transcribed regions." SIGNOR-166905 vandetanib chemical CHEBI:49960 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258308 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT SRCIN1 protein Q9C0H9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 8647432 t miannu "Phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine-containing motifs found on Sin correlated with c-Crk and cellular phosphoprotein binding to Sin as well as increased c-Src activity. These data suggest that (1) SH2 and SH3 ligand sites on Sin cooperatively activate the signaling potential of c-Src, (2) Sin acts as both an activator and a substrate for c-Src, and (3) phosphorylated Sin may serve as a signaling effector molecule for Src by binding to multiple cellular proteins." SIGNOR-263196 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser329 LGGLCDLsSRY 9606 12639913 t "Thr312 and Ser329/330 in the C-terminal tail of MC4R are potential sites for PKA and GRK phosphorylation and the subsequent recruitment of β-arrestin to the activated receptor. Replacement by alanine(s) of Thr312 and Ser329/330 in the C-terminal tail resulted in an impaired sequestration of mutated receptors to agonist, whereas mutations of Thr232 or Ser306 did not. This indicates that phosphorylation of these residues by kinases is critical for the internalization of MC4R." SIGNOR-251453 "R2SP co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C517 SIGNOR PPFIA2 protein O75334 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 29844425 t miannu "Systematic interaction analyses show that one RPAP3-like protein, SPAG1, binds PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 to form an R2TP-like complex termed R2SP.  This co-chaperone is enriched in testis and among 68 of the potential clients identified, some are expressed in testis and others are ubiquitous. One substrate is liprin-α2, which organizes large signaling complexes. Remarkably, R2SP is required for liprin-α2 expression and for the assembly of liprin-α2 complexes, indicating that R2SP functions in quaternary protein folding." SIGNOR-270942 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1474 GSSNGHVyEKLSSIE -1 11483655 t lperfetto "We have investigated the tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B by exogenous Src Phosphorylation-site specific antibodies identified NR2B Tyr1472 as a phosphorylation site for intrinsic PSD tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-247176 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 8565075 t lperfetto "The strong interaction between tradd and fadd occurs via their death domains." SIGNOR-39951 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23239736 t miannu "This study demonstrates that phosphorylation of EZH2 at Ser21, mediated directly or indirectly by the PI3K-Akt pathway, can switch its function from a Polycomb repressor to a transcriptional coactivator of AR (and potentially other factors)." SIGNOR-251542 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT CLDN5 protein O00501 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22235125 t Luana "ETS-related gene (ERG) controls endothelial cell permeability via transcriptional regulation of the claudin 5 (CLDN5) gene." SIGNOR-261596 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11154267 t lperfetto "Expression of Cdc25A is transcriptionally regulated by Myc and E2F-1 , both of which are expressed in MCF-7 cells in response to estrogen" SIGNOR-245465 F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT KLKB1 protein P03952 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg390 CTTKTSTrIVGGTNS 9606 BTO:0000131 28966616 t lperfetto "FXIIa activates two serine proteinases, factor XI (FXI) and plasma prekallikrein (PK) that drive the coagulation and kallikrein–kinin systems, respectively" SIGNOR-263518 ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr69 SVIVADQtPTPTRFL 9606 15916964 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of atf2 by jnk/p38 on thr69/71 is prerequisite to its transcriptional activities" SIGNOR-137635 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT XRN2 protein Q9H0D6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr439 FTPSGILtPHALGSR 9606 26728557 t Luana "CDKs and Xrn2 phosphorylation promote transcription termination. | Cdk7 phosphorylated Xrn2-Thr439 but was less efficient than Cdk9. |" SIGNOR-259851 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser76 ISNKDQHsISYTLSR 9606 BTO:0000007 12496252 t lperfetto "In this article we demonstrate that pellino 1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites by irak1 or irak4 in vitro. The key residues involved in activation are located between residues 76 and 86 (ser-76, ser-78, thr-80, ser-82, and thr-86) and at thr-288 and ser-293, just n-terminal to the ring-like domain that carries the e3 ligase activity. Unusually, we found that the phosphorylation of ser-76 or thr-288 or ser-293 alone was sufficient for maximal activation" SIGNOR-96739 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser378 SKKGQSTsRHKKLMF 9606 9315650 t llicata "The cdk7-cych-p36 complex of transcription factor iih phosphorylates p53, enhancing its sequence-specific dna binding activity in vitro. serines 371, 376, 378, and 392 may be the potential sites for this kinase." SIGNOR-51288 DAB2 protein P98082 UNIPROT DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27858941 t miannu "In prostate cancer cells, DAB2IP was shown to be recruited by the adaptor protein DAB2/DOC2 to promote Ras inactivation and inhibition of MAPK signaling upon receptor stimulation." SIGNOR-254744 ZWILCH protein Q9H900 UNIPROT "RZZ complex" complex SIGNOR-C357 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20462495 t lperfetto "The RZZ complex recruits dynein to kinetochores. We investigated structure, topology, and interactions of the RZZ subunits (ROD, ZWILCH, and ZW10) in vitro, in vivo, and in silico." SIGNOR-265014 MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 9841871 t lperfetto "When truncated mapkkk4 (deltamapkkk4) was overexpressed in hek293 cells, it was constitutively activeco-expressed map kinase kinase (mkk)-1, mkk-4, mkk-3 and mkk-6 were activated in vivo by deltamapkkk4. All of the above mkks purified from escherichia coli were phosphorylated and activated by deltamapkkk4 immunoprecipitates in vitro." SIGNOR-62369 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19864431 t lperfetto "Here we focus primarily although not exclusively on raptor Ser(863) phosphorylation. We report that insulin promotes mTORC1-associated phosphorylation of raptor Ser(863) via the canonical PI3K/TSC/Rheb pathway in a rapamycin-sensitive manner. mTORC1 activation by other stimuli (e.g. amino acids, epidermal growth factor/MAPK signaling, and cellular energy) also promote raptor Ser(863) phosphorylation." SIGNOR-217559 "KNL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C363 SIGNOR "KMN network" complex SIGNOR-C366 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 18007590 t lperfetto "The 10-subunit KMN assembly (comprising KNL1, MIS12, and NDC80 complexes, designated KNL1C, MIS12C, and NDC80C) binds microtubules and regulates mitotic checkpoint function through NDC80C and KNL1C," SIGNOR-265217 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser19 EVCDERTsLMSAESP -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250932 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser667 SSLIRKRsTRRSVRG 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272513 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT GADD45G protein O95257 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268937 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr425 SDKYGLGyQLCDNSV 9606 27899378 t Manara "C-ABL can directly phosphorylate PLK1 and activate PLK1. | The above results indicate that c-ABL–mediated PLK1 Y425 phosphorylation regulates PLK1 ubiquitination and stability." SIGNOR-260935 MAML3 protein Q96JK9 UNIPROT NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12370315 t esanto "Whereas maml1 and maml2 functioned efficiently as coactivators with each of the notch receptors to transactivate a notch target hes1 promoter construct, maml3 functioned more efficiently with icn4 than with other forms of icn." SIGNOR-94103 IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 11416002 t lperfetto "To examine contributions of specific YXXM motifs in human insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) to mediating the metabolic actions of insulin, we studied IRS-1 mutants containing various substitutions of Phe for Tyr. In transfected NIH-3T3(IR) cells, insulin stimulation caused a 5-fold increase in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity coimmunoprecipitated with wild-type IRS-1" SIGNOR-235487 risperidone chemical CHEBI:8871 ChEBI HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258524 PLRG1 protein O43660 UNIPROT HNRNPM protein P52272 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20467437 t 1 miannu "hnRNP-M interacts directly with CDC5L and PLRG1 in vivo. we investigated whether the function of hnRNP-M in alternative splicing was affected by the central region mapped as essential for binding to the CDC5L/PLRG1 proteins. We conclude that loss of the CDC5L/PLRG1 interaction domain in hnRNP-M correlates with a loss of ability to modulate alternative splice site selection in this assay." SIGNOR-239444 LTF protein P02788 UNIPROT iron(3+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29034 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 11747454 t "Lactoferrin (Lf), a major iron-binding protein in human milk, has been suggested to have multiple biological roles such as facilitating iron absorption, modulating the immune system, embryonic development, and cell proliferation." SIGNOR-272473 N-[3-[[5-bromo-4-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethylamino]-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenyl]-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91357 ChEBI PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190804 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys102 GVFICRGkEDALVTK 30540930 t lperfetto "Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7.|hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. |Global acetylome studies have shown that FBL is acetylated at four conserved lysine residues (K102, K121, K205, and K206)" SIGNOR-275898 ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256955 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr312 ISYDIPPtPGNTYQI 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249463 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-quinolinone chemical CHEBI:91395 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191409 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT FBL protein P22087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys121 GESVYGEkRVSISEG 30540930 t lperfetto "Here, we show that FBL is acetylated at several lysine residues by the acetyltransferase CBP and deacetylated by SIRT7.|hyperacetylation impairs the interaction of FBL with histone H2A and chromatin, thereby compromising H2AQ104 methylation (H2AQ104me) and rDNA transcription. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of FBL ensures H2AQ104me and high levels of rRNA synthesis during interphase. |Global acetylome studies have shown that FBL is acetylated at four conserved lysine residues (K102, K121, K205, and K206)" SIGNOR-275899 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deacetylation 28886238 t lperfetto "Here, we show that DDB1 is acetylated and acetylation promotes DDB1 binding to CUL4. We also identify nucleolar sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) as a major deacetylase that negatively regulates DDB1-CUL4 interaction." SIGNOR-275900 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys18 LESDTAMkKGETLRK 28790157 t lperfetto "Significantly, the activity of DDX21 is regulated by acetylation. Acetylation by CBP inhibits DDX21 activity, while deacetylation by SIRT7 augments helicase activity and overcomes R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases.|acetylation of K18, K137, and K600 impairs the helicase activity of DDX21." SIGNOR-275901 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys18 LESDTAMkKGETLRK 28790157 t lperfetto "Significantly, the activity of DDX21 is regulated by acetylation. Acetylation by CBP inhibits DDX21 activity, while deacetylation by SIRT7 augments helicase activity and overcomes R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases.|acetylation of K18, K137, and K600 impairs the helicase activity of DDX21." SIGNOR-275902 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys137 PKKMKKEkEMNGETR 28790157 t lperfetto "Significantly, the activity of DDX21 is regulated by acetylation. Acetylation by CBP inhibits DDX21 activity, while deacetylation by SIRT7 augments helicase activity and overcomes R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases.|acetylation of K18, K137, and K600 impairs the helicase activity of DDX21." SIGNOR-275903 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys137 PKKMKKEkEMNGETR 28790157 t lperfetto "Significantly, the activity of DDX21 is regulated by acetylation. Acetylation by CBP inhibits DDX21 activity, while deacetylation by SIRT7 augments helicase activity and overcomes R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases.|acetylation of K18, K137, and K600 impairs the helicase activity of DDX21." SIGNOR-275904 SIRT7 protein Q9NRC8 UNIPROT DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation Lys600 HFKQSAEkLIEEKGA 28790157 t lperfetto "Significantly, the activity of DDX21 is regulated by acetylation. Acetylation by CBP inhibits DDX21 activity, while deacetylation by SIRT7 augments helicase activity and overcomes R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases.|acetylation of K18, K137, and K600 impairs the helicase activity of DDX21." SIGNOR-275905 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys600 HFKQSAEkLIEEKGA 28790157 t lperfetto "Significantly, the activity of DDX21 is regulated by acetylation. Acetylation by CBP inhibits DDX21 activity, while deacetylation by SIRT7 augments helicase activity and overcomes R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases.|acetylation of K18, K137, and K600 impairs the helicase activity of DDX21." SIGNOR-275906 UCHL3 protein P15374 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination Lys57 EAVAYAPkKELINIK 27941124 t lperfetto "Here we report that ubiquitination of RAD51 hinders RAD51-BRCA2 interaction, while deubiquitination of RAD51 facilitates RAD51-BRCA2 binding and RAD51 recruitment and thus is critical for proper HR. | UCHL3, in turn, deubiquitinates RAD51 and promotes the binding between RAD51 and BRCA2.|Our results suggested that three lysine sites (56, 57, and 63) on RAD51 that are close to E59 are deubiquitinated by UCHL3." SIGNOR-275907 UCHL3 protein P15374 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination Lys58 AVAYAPKkELINIKG 27941124 t lperfetto "Here we report that ubiquitination of RAD51 hinders RAD51-BRCA2 interaction, while deubiquitination of RAD51 facilitates RAD51-BRCA2 binding and RAD51 recruitment and thus is critical for proper HR. | UCHL3, in turn, deubiquitinates RAD51 and promotes the binding between RAD51 and BRCA2.|Our results suggested that three lysine sites (56, 57, and 63) on RAD51 that are close to E59 are deubiquitinated by UCHL3." SIGNOR-275908 UCHL3 protein P15374 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deubiquitination Lys64 KKELINIkGISEAKA 27941124 t lperfetto "Here we report that ubiquitination of RAD51 hinders RAD51-BRCA2 interaction, while deubiquitination of RAD51 facilitates RAD51-BRCA2 binding and RAD51 recruitment and thus is critical for proper HR. | UCHL3, in turn, deubiquitinates RAD51 and promotes the binding between RAD51 and BRCA2.|Our results suggested that three lysine sites (56, 57, and 63) on RAD51 that are close to E59 are deubiquitinated by UCHL3." SIGNOR-275909 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT UCHL3 protein P15374 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EEEEKIKsQGQDVTS 27941124 t lperfetto "The deubiquitinase UCHL3 is phosphorylated and activated by ATM. UCHL3, in turn, deubiquitinates RAD51 and promotes the binding between RAD51 and BRCA2. |Mutation of S75 (S75A) abolished the pSQ/TQ signal, suggesting that S75 is a major ATM phosphorylation site following DNA damage" SIGNOR-275910 HSD17B11 protein Q8NBQ5 UNIPROT androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol smallmolecule CHEBI:2710 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363 30943210 t lperfetto "Testicular 17betaHSD3 converts DHEA to androstenediol and androstenedione to testosterone" SIGNOR-268660 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT FOXC1 protein Q12948 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser272 SSLSSGSsPPGSLPS 31650548 t lperfetto "P38 interacts with and phosphorylates the Ser241 and ser272 sites of FOXC1 to maintain its stability by inhibiting ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-275911 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR FOXC1 protein Q12948 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser272 SSLSSGSsPPGSLPS 31650548 t lperfetto "P38 interacts with and phosphorylates the Ser241 and ser272 sites of FOXC1 to maintain its stability by inhibiting ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-275912 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT FOXC1 protein Q12948 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser241 PSPPQPLsPAAALGS 31650548 t lperfetto "P38 interacts with and phosphorylates the Ser241 and ser272 sites of FOXC1 to maintain its stability by inhibiting ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-275913 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR FOXC1 protein Q12948 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser241 PSPPQPLsPAAALGS 31650548 t lperfetto "P38 interacts with and phosphorylates the Ser241 and ser272 sites of FOXC1 to maintain its stability by inhibiting ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-275914 FOXC1 protein Q12948 UNIPROT MMP10 protein P09238 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31650548 t lperfetto "Therefore, FOXC1 is strongly suggested as a pro-metastatic gene in CRC by transcriptionally activating MMP10, SOX4 and SOX13|MMP10 was demonstrated as the direct target and mediator of FOXC1." SIGNOR-275915 FOXC1 protein Q12948 UNIPROT SOX13 protein Q9UN79 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31650548 f lperfetto "Therefore, FOXC1 is strongly suggested as a pro-metastatic gene in CRC by transcriptionally activating MMP10, SOX4 and SOX14" SIGNOR-275916 FOXC1 protein Q12948 UNIPROT SOX4 protein Q06945 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31650548 f lperfetto "Therefore, FOXC1 is strongly suggested as a pro-metastatic gene in CRC by transcriptionally activating MMP10, SOX4 and SOX15" SIGNOR-275917 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CNKSR1 protein Q969H4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr519 PPREEDCySETEAED 26319181 t lperfetto "We identified Tyr 26 as a PDGF-induced and, additionally, Tyr 519 and Tyr 665 as SRC-induced tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Phosphomimetic mutants indicate that phosphorylation of Tyr 519 recruits CNK1 to the nucleus and additional phosphorylation of Tyr 26 enables CNK1 to promote SRE-dependent gene expression." SIGNOR-275918 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CNKSR1 protein Q969H4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr26 LDDSLQDyPFEDWQL 26319181 t lperfetto "We identified Tyr 26 as a PDGF-induced and, additionally, Tyr 519 and Tyr 665 as SRC-induced tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Phosphomimetic mutants indicate that phosphorylation of Tyr 519 recruits CNK1 to the nucleus and additional phosphorylation of Tyr 26 enables CNK1 to promote SRE-dependent gene expression." SIGNOR-275919 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CNKSR1 protein Q969H4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr665 KEQNRELySEGLGAW 26319181 t lperfetto "We identified Tyr 26 as a PDGF-induced and, additionally, Tyr 519 and Tyr 665 as SRC-induced tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Phosphomimetic mutants indicate that phosphorylation of Tyr 519 recruits CNK1 to the nucleus and additional phosphorylation of Tyr 26 enables CNK1 to promote SRE-dependent gene expression." SIGNOR-275920 CNKSR1 protein Q969H4 UNIPROT EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 26319181 t lperfetto "The phosphorylated CNK1 interacts with ephrinB1. The binding of ephrinB1 to CNK1 connects RhoA and p115RhoGEF with ephrinB1-associated MKK4, promoting JNK activation and cell migration." SIGNOR-275921 EPHB1 protein P54762 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 26319181 t lperfetto "The phosphorylated CNK1 interacts with ephrinB1. The binding of ephrinB1 to CNK1 connects RhoA and p115RhoGEF with ephrinB1-associated MKK4, promoting JNK activation and cell migration." SIGNOR-275922 KCNE3 protein Q9Y6H6 UNIPROT KCNQ1 protein P51787 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 21911611 t lperfetto "Sexual dimorphism and oestrogen regulation of KCNE3 expression modulates the functional properties of KCNQ1 K⁺ channels|The KCNQ1 potassium channel associates with various KCNE ancillary subunits that drastically affect channel gating and pharmacology. Co-assembly with KCNE3 produces a current with nearly instantaneous activation" SIGNOR-275923 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser731 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 18692497 t lperfetto "The results presented in this study indicate that during mitosis, PKD3 and PKD are phosphorylated at Ser(731) and Ser(744) within their activation loop by a mechanism that requires protein kinase C. Mitosis-associated PKD3 Ser(731) and PKD Ser(744) phosphorylation is related to the catalytic activation of these kinases as evidenced by in vivo phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 5, a substrate of PKD and PKD3." SIGNOR-275924 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser742 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 18692497 t lperfetto "The results presented in this study indicate that during mitosis, PKD3 and PKD are phosphorylated at Ser(731) and Ser(744) within their activation loop by a mechanism that requires protein kinase C. Mitosis-associated PKD3 Ser(731) and PKD Ser(744) phosphorylation is related to the catalytic activation of these kinases as evidenced by in vivo phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 5, a substrate of PKD and PKD3." SIGNOR-275925 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 18692497 t lperfetto "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 and 7, two members of the class II of classical HDAC [62], are in vivo substrates of PKD3 and PKD [63]. In response to a variety of signals, including phorbol esters, T cell receptor engagement, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin stimulation, the activity of HDAC5 and 7 are regulated by a mechanism that involves PKD3 and PKD-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved Ser259 and Ser498 residues that are located in N-terminus of class II HDACs [63–67]." SIGNOR-275926 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 18692497 t lperfetto "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 and 7, two members of the class II of classical HDAC [62], are in vivo substrates of PKD3 and PKD [63]. In response to a variety of signals, including phorbol esters, T cell receptor engagement, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin stimulation, the activity of HDAC5 and 7 are regulated by a mechanism that involves PKD3 and PKD-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved Ser259 and Ser498 residues that are located in N-terminus of class II HDACs [63–67]." SIGNOR-275927 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 18692497 t lperfetto "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 and 7, two members of the class II of classical HDAC [62], are in vivo substrates of PKD3 and PKD [63]. In response to a variety of signals, including phorbol esters, T cell receptor engagement, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin stimulation, the activity of HDAC5 and 7 are regulated by a mechanism that involves PKD3 and PKD-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved Ser259 and Ser498 residues that are located in N-terminus of class II HDACs [63–67]." SIGNOR-275928 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 18692497 t lperfetto "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 and 7, two members of the class II of classical HDAC [62], are in vivo substrates of PKD3 and PKD [63]. In response to a variety of signals, including phorbol esters, T cell receptor engagement, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin stimulation, the activity of HDAC5 and 7 are regulated by a mechanism that involves PKD3 and PKD-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved Ser259 and Ser498 residues that are located in N-terminus of class II HDACs [63–67]." SIGNOR-275929 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser474 KEVPRRKsLVGTPYW 24840177 t lperfetto "When PKD3 was knocked-down using isoform-specific shRNA (PKD3-shRNA), PAK4 activity (judged by its phosphorylation status at the activation loop using the pS474-PAK4 antibody) was decreased" SIGNOR-275930 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT PAK4 protein O96013 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser474 KEVPRRKsLVGTPYW 23841590 t lperfetto "PAK4 activity is regulated by an autoinhibitory domain that is released upon RhoGTPase binding as well as phosphorylation at Ser474 in the activation loop of the kinase domain. In the present study, we add another level of complexity to PAK4 regulation by showing that phosphorylation at Ser99 is required for its targeting to the leading edge. This phosphorylation is mediated by PKD1 (protein kinase D1)" SIGNOR-275931 NGEF protein Q8N5V2 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260562 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 18692497 t "Conserved Phosphorylated residue Ser259 and Ser498 refer to HDAC5 sequence. Phospho-residues in HDAC7 were derived by aligning HDAC5 and HDAC7" lperfetto "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 and 7, two members of the class II of classical HDAC [62], are in vivo substrates of PKD3 and PKD [63]. In response to a variety of signals, including phorbol esters, T cell receptor engagement, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin stimulation, the activity of HDAC5 and 7 are regulated by a mechanism that involves PKD3 and PKD-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved Ser259 and Ser498 residues that are located in N-terminus of class II HDACs [63–67]." SIGNOR-275932 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 18692497 t "Conserved Phosphorylated residue Ser259 and Ser498 refer to HDAC5 sequence. Phospho-residues in HDAC7 were derived by aligning HDAC5 and HDAC7" lperfetto "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 and 7, two members of the class II of classical HDAC [62], are in vivo substrates of PKD3 and PKD [63]. In response to a variety of signals, including phorbol esters, T cell receptor engagement, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin stimulation, the activity of HDAC5 and 7 are regulated by a mechanism that involves PKD3 and PKD-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved Ser259 and Ser498 residues that are located in N-terminus of class II HDACs [63–67]." SIGNOR-275933 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 WPLSRTRsEPLPPSA 18692497 t "Conserved Phosphorylated residue Ser259 and Ser498 refer to HDAC5 sequence. Phospho-residues in HDAC7 were derived by aligning HDAC5 and HDAC7" lperfetto "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 and 7, two members of the class II of classical HDAC [62], are in vivo substrates of PKD3 and PKD [63]. In response to a variety of signals, including phorbol esters, T cell receptor engagement, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin stimulation, the activity of HDAC5 and 7 are regulated by a mechanism that involves PKD3 and PKD-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved Ser259 and Ser498 residues that are located in N-terminus of class II HDACs [63–67]." SIGNOR-275934 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser358 WPLSRTRsEPLPPSA 18692497 t "Conserved Phosphorylated residue Ser259 and Ser498 refer to HDAC5 sequence. Phospho-residues in HDAC7 were derived by aligning HDAC5 and HDAC7" lperfetto "Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5 and 7, two members of the class II of classical HDAC [62], are in vivo substrates of PKD3 and PKD [63]. In response to a variety of signals, including phorbol esters, T cell receptor engagement, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin stimulation, the activity of HDAC5 and 7 are regulated by a mechanism that involves PKD3 and PKD-mediated phosphorylation of the highly conserved Ser259 and Ser498 residues that are located in N-terminus of class II HDACs [63–67]." SIGNOR-275935 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser978 SPLKRSHsLAKLGSL 21832093 t lperfetto "Active PKD Isoforms Phosphorylate and Inactivate SSH1L|Here, we show that active PKD3 also mediates SSH1L phosphorylation at Ser-978 and binding to 14-3-3, further confirming the involvement of all three PKD isoforms in negatively regulating this phosphatase" SIGNOR-275936 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser978 SPLKRSHsLAKLGSL 21832093 t lperfetto "Active PKD Isoforms Phosphorylate and Inactivate SSH1L|Here, we show that active PKD3 also mediates SSH1L phosphorylation at Ser-978 and binding to 14-3-3, further confirming the involvement of all three PKD isoforms in negatively regulating this phosphatase" SIGNOR-275937 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser978 SPLKRSHsLAKLGSL 21832093 t lperfetto "Active PKD Isoforms Phosphorylate and Inactivate SSH1L|Here, we show that active PKD3 also mediates SSH1L phosphorylation at Ser-978 and binding to 14-3-3, further confirming the involvement of all three PKD isoforms in negatively regulating this phosphatase" SIGNOR-275938 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 KLAVRLEsAWADRVR 23841590 t lperfetto "Protein kinase D-mediated phosphorylation at Ser99 regulates localization of p21-activated kinase n the present study, we add another level of complexity to PAK4 regulation by showing that phosphorylation at Ser99 is required for its targeting to the leading edge. This phosphorylation is mediated by PKD1 (protein kinase D1). Phosphorylation of PAK4 at Ser99 also mediates binding to 14-3-3 protein, and is required for the formation of a PAK4-LIMK-PKD1 complex that regulates cofilin activity and directed cell migration|" SIGNOR-275939 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser172 GQLVRNDsLWHRSDS 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275940 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser172 GQLVRNDsLWHRSDS 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275941 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser172 GQLVRNDsLWHRSDS 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275942 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser155 GRLKRERsMSENAVR 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275943 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 19329994 t lperfetto "PKD1 regulates cofilin S3-phosphorylation|Both, oxidative stress as well as RhoA activation enhanced cofilin phosphorylation at S3, implicating an increased inhibition due to PKD1-mediated signalling events" SIGNOR-275944 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser155 GRLKRERsMSENAVR 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275945 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser275 DNVRYGIsNIDTTIE 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275946 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser155 GRLKRERsMSENAVR 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275947 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser275 DNVRYGIsNIDTTIE 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275948 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT MFF protein Q9GZY8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser275 DNVRYGIsNIDTTIE 34010649 t lperfetto "The mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), the main mitochondrial receptor for the Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), is directly phosphorylated by Protein Kinase D (PKD) specifically during mitosis. PKD-dependent MFF phosphorylation is required and sufficient for mitochondrial fission in mitotic but not in interphasic cells.|PKD directly phosphorylates MFF on serines 155, 172, and 275" SIGNOR-275949 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser876 QGLAERIsVL 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275950 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser710 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275951 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser706 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275952 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser876 QGLAERIsVL 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275953 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser710 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275954 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser706 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275955 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser876 QGLAERIsVL 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275956 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser710 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275957 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser706 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275958 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser876 QGLAERIsVL 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275959 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser710 GEKSFRRsVVGTPAY 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275960 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser706 ARIIGEKsFRRSVVG 12058027 t lperfetto "Our data demonstrate that gastrin-stimulated PKD2 activation involves a heterotrimeric G alpha(q) protein as well as the activation of phospholipase C. Furthermore, we show that PKD2 can be activated by classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family such as PKC alpha, PKC epsilon, and PKC eta.|The position of PKD2 phosphorylated at Ser876 and Ser706/Ser710 is indicated by anarrowhead." SIGNOR-275961 KLHL2 protein O95198 UNIPROT UCK1 protein Q9HA47 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys81 EQKAKALkGQYNFDH 31938050 t lperfetto "We demonstrated that the ubiquitin E3 ligase KLHL2 interacted with UCK1 and mediated its polyubiquitination at the K81 residue and degradation. We showed that deubiquitinase USP28 antagonized KLHL2-mediated polyubiquitylation of UCK1." SIGNOR-275962 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT UCK1 protein Q9HA47 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 31938050 t lperfetto "ATM also phosphorylates UCK1 at S145, significantly enhancing the KLHL2-UCK1 complex formation|We demonstrated that the ubiquitin E3 ligase KLHL2 interacted with UCK1 and mediated its polyubiquitination at the K81 residue and degradation." SIGNOR-275963 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT KCNE3 protein Q9Y6H6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser82 LILGYTRsRKVDKRS 21911611 t lperfetto "Currents mediated by the complex formed by KCNQ1 and the mutant KCNE3-S82A β-subunit (mutation of the site for PKCdelta-promoted phosphorylation and modulation of the activity of KCNE3) showed rapid run-down and insensitivity to E2. " SIGNOR-275964 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH18 protein Q13634 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265835 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser78 PAYSRALsRQLSSGV 9606 BTO:0000938 12367505 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." gcesareni "Notably mk2 is well known to play an important role in actin filament remodellng by phosphorylating hsp27." SIGNOR-94021 PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT BZLF1 protein P03206 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 23678172 t Gianni "... we demonstrate that Pax5 inhibits Z-mediated lytic viral gene expression and the release of infectious viral particles in latently infected epithelial cell lines. Conversely, we found that shRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous Pax5 in a Burkitt lymphoma B-cell line leads to viral reactivation. Furthermore, we show that Pax5 reduces Z activation of early lytic viral promoters in reporter gene assays and inhibits Z binding to lytic viral promoters in vivo. We confirm that Pax5 and Z directly interact" SIGNOR-269082 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser139 RRGLLYDsDEEDEER 9606 BTO:0000567 16899510 t gcesareni "In the present study, we report the identification of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation sites on mcm2 and determine the functional role of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation of mcm2 in the initiation of dna replication in human cells." SIGNOR-148709 MPG protein P29372 UNIPROT STK36 protein Q9NRP7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 25278022 t miannu " Here, we show that MID1 catalyzes the ubiquitination and proteasomal cleavage of the GLI3 regulator Fu." SIGNOR-272466 MVD protein P53602 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" lipidation 10090 25378391 t miannu "Akt modulated the pathway by phosphorylating mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD) at Ser96. These data suggest that Akt regulates Rac1 activity by directly phosphorylating MDD at Ser96, which augments Rac1 geranylgeranylation." SIGNOR-265892 OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257105 SCF-FBW2 complex SIGNOR-C525 SIGNOR GCM1 protein Q9NP62 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 15640526 t miannu "FBW2 targets GCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. Here, we report the identification of an SCF complex as the GCM ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) that regulates human GCMa (hGCMa) degradation. We found that SKP1 and CUL1, two key components of the SCF complex, associate with hGCMa in vivo. We further identify the human F-box protein FBW2 (hFBW2) as the substrate recognition subunit in the SCF E3 complex for hGCMa. We show that hFBW2 interacts with hGCMa in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes hGCMa ubiquitination. Supporting a critical role for hFBW2 in hGCMa degradation, knockdown of hFBW2 expression by RNA interference leads to a reduction in hGCMa ubiquitination and a concomitant increase in hGCMa protein stability. Our study identifies the SCF(hFBW2) E3 complex as the key machinery that targets hGCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system" SIGNOR-271528 CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR CRY2 protein Q49AN0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f lperfetto "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253680 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT PCK2 protein Q16822 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17094771 f miannu "SHP repressed C/EBPalpha (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha)-driven transcription of PEPCK through direct interaction with C/EBPalpha protein both in vitro and in vivo. The formation of an active transcriptional complex of C/EBPalpha and its binding to DNA was inhibited by SHP, resulting in the inhibition of PEPCK gene transcription." SIGNOR-254832 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 19593385 f lperfetto "Activation of mTORC1 causes a robust increase in the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is the master transcriptional regulator of adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-235343 Netrin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF97 SIGNOR UNC5 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF98 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268174 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR IREB2 protein P48200 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser157 LQKAGKLsPVKVQPK 9606 18574241 t lperfetto "Irp2 ser-157 is phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin b1 during g(2)/m / ser-157 phosphorylation during g(2)/m reduces irp2 rna-binding activity" SIGNOR-216888 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000599 10890911 f lperfetto "Coexpression of smad2 and smad4, smad3 alone, or smad3 and smad4 resulted in strong enhancement of lef1-dependent transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-229311 M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 32454942 f miannu "Macrophages and microglia show a high plasticity and have been arbitrarily classified into “M1” (proinflammatory) and “M2” (prorepair, anti-inflammatory) phenotypes depending on their activation state, although it is now widely accepted that this classification is hugely oversimplified, particularly for microglia, and only partially reflects the real situation. According to the M1/M2 model, M1 polarized cells are characterized by the release of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF, IL-1β, and IFNγ" SIGNOR-263827 STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 23624152 t miannu "Stathmin depresses ttl tubulin tyrosination activityin vitro." SIGNOR-193465 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ELAVL1 protein Q15717 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr118 SGLPRTMtQKDVEDM 9606 19528229 t lperfetto "P38 mapk phosphorylates the mrna binding protein hur on thr118, which results in cytoplasmic accumulation of hur and its enhanced binding to the p21cip1 mrna." SIGNOR-186135 MAP3K11 protein Q16584 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser257 ISGQLVDsIAKTRDA 9606 15328343 t gcesareni "These data suggest that mlk-3 phosphorylates sek1 directly and that it does so specifically on those residues known to activate sek1 in vivo." SIGNOR-128420 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21853041 f miannu "GATA-2 induces the expression of GATA-1, which first activates its cofactor FOG-1, and then downregulates GATA-2 cooperatively with FOG-1." SIGNOR-256062 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 EGSNPPAsPLQDNLV 9606 BTO:0000567 8618896 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at Ser-59 (or alternatively, its mutation to Glu) reverses the inhibition and allows interaction of the p56lck SH2 domain with p62.|phosphotyrosine-independent binding of p62 to the p56lck SH2 domain appears to provide an alternative pathway for p56lck signaling that is regulated by Ser-59 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249412 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser362 ISSVPTPsPLGPLAG 9606 BTO:0000527 19941816 t lperfetto "Erk2, which is activated by egfr signaling, directly binds to ck2alpha via the erk2 docking groove and phosphorylates ck2alpha primarily at t360/s362, subsequently enhancing ck2alpha activity" SIGNOR-161851 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 BTO:0000142 20308788 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Among the sites studied, thr205, thr212, ser214, and ser262 were the most favorable sites, and ser199 and ser404 were the least favorable sites for pp2a in vitro." SIGNOR-164671 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PCGF1 protein Q9BSM1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271059 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000671 12807881 f miannu "Here we show that ectopic expression of rfp in human embryonic kidney 293 cells causes extensive apoptosis, as assessed by multiple criteria." SIGNOR-256667 G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone smallmolecule CHEBI:16938 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24769394 t miannu "G6PD catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and concomitantly reduces NADP+ to NADPH, which is the rate-limiting and primary control step of the NADPH-generating portion in the PPP. Thus, G6PD acts as a guardian of cellular redox potential during oxidative stress" SIGNOR-267051 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr197 RSLGPKLyGIFPQGR 9606 BTO:0000093 21822308 t miannu "We find that CHKA forms a complex with EGFR in a c-Src-dependent manner. Endogenous CHKA and EGFR co-immunoprecipitated from a variety of breast cancer cell lines and immortalized mammary epithelial cells. CHKA interacted with the EGFR kinase domain upon c-Src co-overexpression and was phosphorylated in a c-Src-dependent manner on Y197 and Y333." SIGNOR-266351 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25699704 t irozzo "A second group of AML patients (15%–33% of all cases) harbor mutations in either the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 gene (Shih et al., 2012). These enzymes produce α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is required for TET activity." SIGNOR-255706 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29731393 f miannu "Oncogenic proteins that regulate proliferation, such as KRAS, BRAF, and MYC increase the transcription of NRF2" SIGNOR-267363 SP7 protein Q8TDD2 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 "BTO:0004058; BTO:0000165" 11792318 f "Giulio Giuliani" "To test whether Osx could activate typical osteoblast genes, we transfected an Osx expressing vector into both C2C12 and C3H10T1/2 cells. Our results showed that Osx produced an induction of osteocalcin RNA in both cell types." SIGNOR-255409 TELO2 protein Q9Y4R8 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20427287 t miannu "MTOR exists in two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that differ in their subunit composition. In this study, we identified KIAA0406 as a novel mTOR-interacting protein. Because it has sequence homology with Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tti1, we named it mammalian Tti1. Tti1 constitutively interacts with mTOR in both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Knockdown of Tti1 suppresses phosphorylation of both mTORC1 substrates (S6K1 and 4E-BP1) and an mTORC2 substrate (Akt) and also induces autophagy. Furthermore, using immunoprecipitation and size-exclusion chromatography analyses, we found that knockdown of either Tti1 or Tel2 causes disassembly of mTORC1 and mTORC2." SIGNOR-272003 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT EIF4ENIF1 protein Q9NRA8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser513 NLESHLMsPAEIPGQ 9606 22966201 t llicata "Identification of 4e-t phosphorylation sites regulated by jnk. identification of these residues as phosphorylation sites (ser301, ser374, ser513, ser587, ser693, and ser752) was obtained by ms/ms sequencing, these results demonstrate that jnk activity is required to stimulate the assembly of pbs in response to oxidative stress." SIGNOR-198992 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 IQRGVSPsQAQGLGS 9606 24821553 t lperfetto "Serine 249 phosphorylation by atm protein kinase regulates hepatocyte nuclear factor-1_ transactivation" SIGNOR-205087 PABPN1 protein Q86U42 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 25480299 t lperfetto "As poly(A)+ mRNAs are associated with poly(A) binding protein (PABP) in cells|his result suggests that PABPC1 binds preferentially to long poly(A) tails and protects them from TUT4/7 and thereby enhances the selectivity of uridylation according to poly(A) tail length." SIGNOR-268320 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1062 AVKTVNEsASLRERI -1 7926007 t lperfetto "Identification of serines-1035/1037 in the kinase domain of the insulin receptor as protein kinase C alpha mediated phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-248905 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" dephosphorylation Ser657 QSDFEGFsYVNPQFV 9606 BTO:0000067 18162466 t gcesareni "In addition, knockdown of PHLPP expression reduces the rate of phorbol ester-triggered dephosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif, but not turn motif, of PKC alpha" SIGNOR-237051 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1927 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120156 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270364 wortmannin chemical CHEBI:52289 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 8162590 t gcesareni "The microbial product wortmannin and some of its analogues have been shown to be potent inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase." SIGNOR-36557 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 19631210 t llicata "Myogenin had a MAFbx-recognition motif and interacted with MAFbx. MAFbx activated polyubiquitination of myogenin. The results of this study suggest that MAFbx functions as an F-box protein for ubiquitination of myogenin." SIGNOR-237854 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT COX4I1 protein P13073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000443 23021218 f lperfetto "PGC1a is known to drive the expression of many genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including cytochrome c (CytC) and the cyto- chrome C oxidative (COX) subunits (CoxIII, Cox4il, Cox5b, Cox7a, and Cox8b)." SIGNOR-253098 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr218 CEKQFQPyFIPIN 9606 BTO:0000007 9973379 t "Lck and Fyn, but not ZAP70, induce tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA-4 in the cell line HEK293. Phosphorylation of CTLA-4 occurs on both Y201 and Y218.the role of Y218 in CTLA-4 biology is not known at the present" SIGNOR-251371 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT RYK protein P34925 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15454084 t lperfetto "Mammalian ryk is a wnt coreceptor required for stimulation of neurite outgrowth" SIGNOR-129577 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr774 GYGDRTStFCGTPEF 9606 10753910 t miannu "It is shown that activation in vitro and in vivo involves the activation loop phosphorylation of prk1/2 by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1) /pdk1 phosphorylates the prks at their conserved activation loop threonines (thr-774 and thr-816 for prk1 and prk2, respectively)" SIGNOR-76640 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Except for nfat5, nfatc1c4 are activated upon a rise in intracellular ca2+, which stimulates the serine/threonine phosphatase activity of calcineurin the ca2+-calcineurin signal is the most important signal for regulating nfat activation, but the signal that leads to ca2+ influx during neural tube differentiation is still unclear." SIGNOR-176367 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM77 protein I1YAP6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271273 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr394 RLIEDNEyTAREGAK 9606 11294838 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that shp-1 dephosphorylates the lymphoid-specific src family kinase lck at tyr-394. Because phosphorylation of tyr-394 activates lck, the fact that shp-1 specifically dephosphorylates this site suggests that shp-1 is a negative regulator of lck." SIGNOR-106604 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates foxo3a at ser644. Ikappab kinase (ikk) physically interacts with, phosphorylates, and inhibits foxo3a independent of akt and causes proteolysis of foxo3a via the ub-dependent proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-252951 SPAST protein Q9UBP0 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 BTO:0000298 15716377 f Gianni "Using purified components, we also show that Spastin interacts directly with microtubules and is sufficient for severing. These studies suggest that defects in microtubule severing are a cause of axonal degeneration in human disease." SIGNOR-269045 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23612709 f "Activated NFATc2 stimulates myoblast fusion through the increased production of IL-4 and myoferlin" SIGNOR-255460 ETFA protein P13804 UNIPROT ETF complex SIGNOR-C463 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33450351 t miannu "Human ETF is nuclear encoded by two separate genes, ETFA and ETFB, respectively. After translation, the two subunits are imported to the mitochondrial matrix space and assemble into a heterodimer containing one FAD and one AMP as cofactors." SIGNOR-269453 "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C323 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24311584 f miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression." SIGNOR-263714 TACR2 protein P21452 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257015 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser389 LSPIAPRsPAKLSFQ 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-252086 CUL2 protein Q13617 UNIPROT VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11574546 t miannu "The von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) forms a protein complex (VCB-Cul2) with elongin C, elongin B, Cul-2, and Rbx1, which functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3). The alpha-subunits of the hypoxia-inducible factors have been identified as targets for the VCB-Cul2 ubiquitin ligase. " SIGNOR-271519 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser24 DMKVRKSsTPEEVKK 9606 BTO:0001271 22855535 t lperfetto "Pkc_ phosphorylates cofilin at ser-23 and/or ser-24 during degranulationthese results indicate that a novel pkc_-mediated phosphorylation event regulates cofilin by inhibiting its ability to depolymerize f-actin and bind to 14-3-3_, thereby promoting f-actin polymerization" SIGNOR-198482 TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT Telomere_maintenance phenotype SIGNOR-PH148 SIGNOR up-regulates 18680434 t lperfetto "Dyskerin was recently found to be associated with active human telomerase (34), and mutations in dyskerin or NOP10 or deletion of the H/ACA motif of hTERC result in diminished telomerase activity" SIGNOR-263334 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 BTO:0000567 16729043 t lperfetto "We determined interaction partners to all cytosolic tyrosine residues of the four members of the ErbB-receptor family in an unbiased fashion by quantitative proteomics using pull-down experiments with pairs of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated synthetic peptides. Each receptor had characteristic preferences for interacting proteins and most interaction partners had multiple binding sites on each receptor. EGFR and ErbB4 had several docking sites for Grb2, while ErbB3 was characterized by six binding sites for PI3K." SIGNOR-236327 Phenelzine chemical CHEBI:8060 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "At the human norepinephrine transporter, among the antidepressants desipramine was the most potent with a KD=0.83±0.05 nM. All the tetracyclic antidepressants, except mirtazapine, which is a structural analog of mianserin, were more potent at the norepinephrine transporter than at the serotonin transporter. Tomoxetine, considered from animal data to be very selective for the norepinephrine transporter, had high affinity for the human norepinephrine transporter (KD=2.03±0.06 nM). However, at the human serotonin transporter, tomoxetine was nearly as potent and close to that for dothiepin and venlafaxine. Venlafaxine, considered a serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was very weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. Its KD value was 5× less that than for norepinephrine. All of the serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, with the exception of paroxetine, were also weak at the human norepinephrine transporter. " SIGNOR-258743 TBPL2 protein Q6SJ96 UNIPROT TAF3/TRF3 complex SIGNOR-C23 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 18851836 t lperfetto "We recently identified taf3 as a subunit specifically associated with trf3 to form a complex that is required for myogenic differentiation" SIGNOR-181614 VEGFD protein O43915 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9435229 t gcesareni "Vegf-d is a ligand for both vegf receptors (vegfrs) vegfr-2 (flk1) and vegfr-3 (flt4) and can activate these receptors." SIGNOR-55163 BLOC1S1 protein P78537 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22203680 t lperfetto "We show that BLOC-1 is an elongated complex that contains one copy each of the eight subunits pallidin, Cappuccino, dysbindin, Snapin, Muted, BLOS1, BLOS2, and BLOS3. The complex appears as a linear chain of eight globular domains, ∼300 A long and ∼30 A in diameter." SIGNOR-265936 moclobemide chemical CHEBI:83531 ChEBI MAOB protein P27338 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21680183 t Luana "Twenty-two pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and tested for their human MAO (hMAO) inhibitory activity. Twelve molecules with unsubstituted ring A and substituted ring C (5–16) were found to be potent inhibitors of hMAO-A isoform with SIMAO-A in the order 103 and 104. " SIGNOR-258315 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR Met-tRNA(Met) chemical CHEBI:16635 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270398 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNA1H protein O95180 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1107 LPDSRRGsSSSGDPP 9606 19131331 t miannu "Here, we identify protein kinase A (PKA) as a molecular switch that allows Gbeta(2)gammax dimers to effect voltage-independent inhibition of Ca(v)3.2 channels. Inhibition requires phosphorylation of Ser(1107), a critical serine residue on the II-III loop of the channel pore protein. S1107A prevents inhibition of unitary currents by recombinant Gbeta(2)gamma(2) dimers but does not disrupt dimer binding nor change its specificity." SIGNOR-263110 TIMP2 protein P16035 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "There are many naturally occurring proteins that can inhibit angiogenesis, including angiostatin, endostatin, interferon, platelet factor 4, thorombospondin, prolactin 16 kd fragment, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3" SIGNOR-252273 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser183 GLRTRTGsNIDCEKL 9606 15703181 t lperfetto "We show that protein kinase a inhibits activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 downstream of cytochrome c in xenopus egg extracts and in a human cell-free system. Protein kinase a directly phosphorylates human caspase-9 at serines 99, 183, and 195." SIGNOR-133880 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT PPP2R5A protein Q15172 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser28 VDGFTRKsVRKAQRQ 9606 18957415 t llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 28 by pkr promotes mitochondrial localization of b56alpha, because wild-type but not mutant s28a b56alpha promoted mitochondrial pp2a activity." SIGNOR-181793 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT CP protein P00450 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15618519 t gcesareni "Binding of sonic hedgehog (shh) to patched (ptc) relieves the latter's tonic smoothened (smo), a receptor that spans the cell membrane seven times. Ptch exists in vertebrates as two isoforms, ptch1 and ptch2, which seem to be equivalent in terms of binding the three hh isoforms." SIGNOR-132672 Ast-487 chemical CID:11409972 PUBCHEM KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259694 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser853 SSLNSSEsDKDQDYD 10090 10671552 t llicata "Casein kinase II phosphorylation of E-cadherin increases E-cadherin/beta-catenin interaction and strengthens cell-cell adhesion. | Under these conditions, phosphorylation of the E-cadherin double mutant S853A/S855A was reduced by 25% as compared with wt E-cadherin. | Expression of the E-cadherin double mutant S853A/S855A in NIH3T3 cells expressing Wnt-1 reduces cell-cell adhesion." SIGNOR-250841 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 17283141 t lperfetto "Nek2 is activated by autophosphorylation, and its dephosphorylation is catalyzed by pp1" SIGNOR-264667 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252849 NLGN4X protein Q8N0W4 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Like NRXNs, NLGNs bind to intracellular PDZ-domain proteins, but in contrast to NRXNs, NLGNs bind to class I PDZ domains such as those contained in PSD95, a postsynaptic MAGUK protein65. PSD95 and its homologues are centrally involved in recruiting glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites66. Similarly to CASK, PSD95 binds to intracellular adaptor proteins, and especially to GKAP (a protein that binds to the guanylate-kinase domain of PSD95), which, in turn, binds to SHANK proteins (Fig. 1b). A possible role of these interactions is to recruit postsynaptic adaptor proteins to the site of synaptic junctions." SIGNOR-264192 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT ALDH1A1 protein P00352 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004094 22144423 f miannu "For three selected genes (ALDH1A1, SSTR1, and DACT3), we validated their upregulation upon EZH2 knockdown and confirmed the binding of EZH2/H3K27Me3 to their genomic loci." SIGNOR-254141 "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268598 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT ITPR2 protein Q14571 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser150 EKNAMRVsLDAAGNE 9534 BTO:0001538 23019322 t miannu "Phopho-specific antibodies demonstrate that InsP(3)R2 Ser-150 is phosphorylated in vivo by CaMKIIδ. The results of this study show that serine 150 of the InsP(3)R2 is phosphorylated by CaMKII and results in a decrease in the channel open probability." SIGNOR-262692 TLX1 protein P31314 UNIPROT PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 15897879 t 2 miannu "HOX11 also inhibited PP2A serine/threonine phosphatase activity concomitant with stimulation of the AKT/PKB signaling cascade." SIGNOR-240722 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 EYVQTVKsSKGGPGS 9606 24103589 t lperfetto "The authors identified several phosphorylated residues by a combination of peptide mapping and sequence analysis and showed that recombinant pp60c-src phosphorylates annexin a1 near its amino terminus, at tyrosine 21 (tyr21). Also polyoma virus middle t/pp60c-src complex, recombinant pp50v-abl, and the egf receptor/kinase phosphorylated the same tyrosine residue. It was also shown that serine 27 residue of anxa1 is the primary site phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc). In the same study, the threonine 41 residue has been identified as a pkc substrate as well. The adenosine cyclic 3_,5_-phosphate dependent protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylates anxa1 in its carboxyl-terminal core at the threonine 216 residue (thr216) [2].The phosphorylation of serine 27 is essential for annexin a1 membrane localization." SIGNOR-202784 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 9606 10579915 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)- binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and the p70 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1). In vitro activation of p70alfa by mtor-catalyzed phosphorylation involving p70alfa thr-412. Mtor-catalyzed p70alfa phosphorylation in vitro is accompanied by a substantial restoration in p70alfa kinase activity toward its physiologic substrate, the 40 s ribosomal protein s6. In response toinsulinand nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-217060 RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT SLC26A4 protein O43511 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22750442 t miannu "E3 ubiquitin ligase Rma1 is involved in Pendrin degradation" SIGNOR-271497 (S)-selisistat chemical CHEBI:90371 ChEBI SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191511 B4GALT1 protein P15291 UNIPROT UDP-D-galactose smallmolecule CHEBI:18307 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16157350 t miannu "Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase-I (beta4Gal-T1) transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins." SIGNOR-268467 ZDHHC9 protein Q9Y397 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16000296 t miannu "Covalent lipid modifications mediate the membrane attachment and biological activity of Ras proteins. All Ras isoforms are farnesylated and carboxyl-methylated at the terminal cysteine; H-Ras and N-Ras are further modified by palmitoylation. Here we report that H- and N-Ras are palmitoylated by a human protein palmitoyltransferase encoded by the ZDHHC9 and GCP16 genes. DHHC9 is an integral membrane protein that contains a DHHC cysteine-rich domain. GCP16 encodes a Golgi-localized membrane protein." SIGNOR-261355 TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT DICER1 protein Q9UPY3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 7227 32620127 t lperfetto "Molecularly, we observed that TBPH regulates the expression levels of Dicer-2 by direct protein-mRNA interactions in vivo.|In agreement with this idea, we found that the suppression of TDP-43 induces the downregulation of Dicer in human neuroblastoma cell lines signifying that the TDP-43 function is required to prevent defects in Dicer protein expression or stability" SIGNOR-262114 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1195 HGHVSDAsISLGESV -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262905 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser685 VPLVQRGsANGL -1 11278469 t miannu "PKA directly phosphorylates GRK2 on serine 685. This modification increases G subunit binding to GRK2 and thus enhances the ability of the kinase to translocate to the membrane and phosphorylate the receptor." SIGNOR-250334 IL22RA1 protein Q8N6P7 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15120645 t gcesareni "Each r1-type chain (il-10r1, il-20r1, il-22r1, ifn-_r1 and ifn-_r1) is associated with jak1 tyrosine kinase and mediates recruitment of a variety of signaling molecules after being phosphorylated on its intracellular domain." SIGNOR-124489 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0002606 22626542 t miannu " In brain, the DGC is involved in the organisation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-containing protein complexes in neurons and glia, respectively. DGC-like complexes function in the postsynaptic clustering and stabilisation of GABAARs in a subset of inhibitory GABAergic synapses." SIGNOR-265433 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr204 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9606 16153436 t gcesareni "We hypothesized that ret could directly phosphorylate fak and erk. erk 2 could be phosphorylated at y187 (y204 in erk1)." SIGNOR-140298 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser151 VARSNPKsPQKPIVR 9606 BTO:0000848 21478863 t "We show that overactivation of the MAPK pathway, induced by the oncogenic Ras in melanoma, induces constitutive phosphorylation of BRAF on Ser151 by ERK, which inhibits NRAS-BRAF interaction" SIGNOR-259920 FGF4 protein P08620 UNIPROT FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1385111 t gcesareni "Our results establish an fgf binding profile for fgfr-4 with afgf having the highest affinity, followed by k-fgf/hst-1 and bfgf. In addition, fgf-6 was found to bind to fgfr-4 in ligand competition experiments. Ligands binding to fgfr-4 induced receptor autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of a set of cellular polypeptides." SIGNOR-18567 LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT YWHAG protein P61981 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser59 VVGARRSsWRVISSI 9606 21118956 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of 14-3-3_ on s59 by lats2. Ser(58) phosphorylation and lys(49) acetylation of 14-3-3_ occur in a coordinated time-dependent manner to regulate 14-3-3_ homodimerization. 14-3-3_ ser(58) phosphorylation is required for star interactions under control conditions," SIGNOR-170139 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR "BRCA1-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C296 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20656690 t lperfetto "We and others showed previously that BRCC36 is a component of the BRCA1-A complex, which consists of RAP80, CCDC98/ABRAXAS, BRCC45/BRE, MERIT40/NBA1, BRCC36, and BRCA1. " SIGNOR-263216 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 KRRLRKNsSRDSGRG 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0001253 18296647 t gcesareni "Both akt and p70(s6k) phosphorylate pdcd4, allowing for binding of the e3-ubiquitin ligase beta-trcp and consequently ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-160982 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser595 GLMQQQKsFR 9606 11781100 t lperfetto " In summary, SHP2 is phosphorylated on serine residues 576 and 591 by PKC isoforms alpha, beta 1, beta 2, and eta." SIGNOR-249139 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15861399 t miannu "The unliganded AR resides predominately in the cytoplasm as a heteromeric complex with hsp90 and other chaperone proteins. These chaperone proteins maintain AR in a form that is receptive to ligand binding. Regulation of gene expression by androgen-activated AR occurs through receptor nuclear translocation, dimerization, and binding to androgen response elements (AREs) in the DNA of target genes." SIGNOR-251536 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT DNAJC5 protein Q9H3Z4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser10 DQRQRSLsTSGESLY 9606 BTO:0000938 18951872 t gcesareni "Csp is phosphorylated in vivo on a single residue, ser10, and this phosphorylation regulates its cellular functions,[...]PKA Phosphorylation of full-length csp protein stimulated 14-3-3 binding, and this was abolished in a ser10-ala mutant csp, confirming the binding site as phospho-ser10" SIGNOR-181788 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr4 yTKIEKIG 9606 20395957 t lperfetto "Our findings demonstrate that (i) pkr, ser/thr kinase, phosphorylates its new substrate cdc2 at the tyr 4 residue, (ii) pkr-mediated tyr 4-phosphorylation facilitates cdc2 ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation" SIGNOR-164809 IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22378047 f lperfetto "IL-4-induced c-Myc activity controls a subset of M2-associated genes. IL-4 also induces the M2-polarizing JMJD3-IRF4 axis to inhibit IRF5-mediated M1 polarization." SIGNOR-249559 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser274 MILIQDGsQNTNVDK 9606 21329876 t lperfetto "The atm kinase directly binds to and phosphorylates ksrp, leading to enhanced interaction between ksrp and pri-mirnas and increased ksrp activity in mirna processing" SIGNOR-172123 TPP1 protein O14773 UNIPROT Telomere_maintenance phenotype SIGNOR-PH148 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22101936 f miannu "The mammalian shelterin component TPP1 has essential roles in telomere maintenance and, together with POT1, is required for the repression of DNA damage signaling at telomeres. " SIGNOR-272723 TRIB3 protein Q96RU7 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000759 12791994 t llicata "TRB3 expression is induced in liver under fasting conditions, and TRB3 disrupts insulin signaling by binding directly to Akt and blocking activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-252644 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19127412 f miannu "Foxa1 overexpression decreased the expression of bcl2, while foxa1 depletion increased the expression of bcl2" SIGNOR-161448 BTG2 protein P78543 UNIPROT HOXB9 protein P17482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10617598 t miannu "The leukemia-associated protein Btg1 and the p53-regulated protein Btg2 interact with the homeoprotein Hoxb9 and enhance its transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-220987 ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 27426034 f miannu "Our study demonstrates that ANXA1 can be phosphorylated by PKC and is subsequently translocated to the nucleus of BV-2 microglial cells after OGD/R, resulting in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. we set out to examine the relationship between the different subcellular distributions of ANXA1 and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. When BV-2 microglial cells were transfected with ANXA1-S27A constructs following by OGD/R treatment, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were found to be expressed at lower levels than those of control groups" SIGNOR-261941 CGAS protein Q8N884 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 31544964 f "Chromatin‐bound cGAS is an inhibitor of DNA repair and hence accelerates genome destabilization and cell death" SIGNOR-259951 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1071 SFLQRYSsDPTGALT 9606 BTO:0000017 1309762 t llicata "The mechanism of desensitization of kinase activity can be accounted for, in part, by the EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of the receptor at Ser1046/7, a substrate for the multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vitro. Mutation of Ser1046/7 by replacement with Ala residues blocks desensitization of the EGF receptor protein-tyrosine kinase activity. " SIGNOR-250695 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser62 SYTPTPRsPRFIGRR 9606 7901013 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P07101-2" gcesareni "Mitogen-activated protein-kinase (map) kinase-activated protein kinases 1 and 2 (mapkap kinase-1, mapkap kinase-2), were found to phosphorylate bacterially expressed human tyrosine hydroxylase in vitro at comparable rates to other proteins thought to be physiological substrates of these protein kinases.The effect on activity of phosphorylating both ser31 and ser40 was not additive. The possible roles of mapkap kinase-1, mapkap kinase-2 and map kinase in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in vivo are discussed." SIGNOR-34674 "acetylsalicylic acid" chemical CHEBI:15365 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 11809688 t gcesareni "Nsaids inhibit cyclooxygenase (cox) isozymes, which are responsible for the committed step in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and this has been considered the primary mechanism by which nsaids exert their antitumorigenic effects." SIGNOR-114380 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser256 SPRRRAAsMDNNSKF 9606 10377430 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that pkb/akt directly phosphorylates fkhr1, a member of the closely related fkhr subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors, on at least two residues (threonine-24 and serine-253). These results indicate that phosphorylation by pkbyakt negatively regulates fkhr1 by promoting export from the nucleus." SIGNOR-68652 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 18691976 t gcesareni "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." SIGNOR-161439 MRPL47 protein Q9HD33 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262349 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT FUNDC1 protein Q8IVP5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser17 DYESDDDsYEVLDLT 9606 BTO:0000567 24671035 t done miannu "Here, we show that ULK1 is upregulated and translocates to fragmented mitochondria upon mitophagy induction by either hypoxia or mitochondrial uncouplers. At mitochondria, ULK1 interacts with FUNDC1, phosphorylating it at serine 17, which enhances FUNDC1 binding to LC3. " SIGNOR-273606 NMUR1 protein Q9HB89 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256894 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT P300/PCAF complex SIGNOR-C7 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21131905 t lperfetto "Histone acetyltransferases (hats) gcn5 and pcaf (gcn5/pcaf) and cbp and p300 (cbp/p300) are transcription co-activators." SIGNOR-170262 ruxolitinib chemical CHEBI:66919 ChEBI JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206673 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Tyr88 KGSLPEFyYRPPRPP 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 17254966 t gcesareni "A conserved tyrosine residue (Y88) in the Cdk-binding domain of p27 can be phosphorylated by the Src-family kinase Lyn and the oncogene product BCR-ABL" SIGNOR-245293 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAB5B protein P61020 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser123 KELQRQAsPSIVIAL 9606 10403367 t lperfetto "Cdc2 kinase preferentially phosphorylates ser-123 of rab5b. More work will be required to establish how phosphorylation of the three rab5 isoforms influences their function in the endocytic pathway" SIGNOR-69233 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 21966368 f Regulation miannu "Insulin has a major effect on LPL regulation in adipose tissue since in mature adipocytes insulin not only increases the level of LPL mRNA but also regulates LPL activity through both posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms" SIGNOR-251858 NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 18625840 t gcesareni "We report here that NPM regulates turnover of the c-Myc oncoprotein by acting on the F-box protein Fbw7 , a component of the E3 ligase complex involved in the ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of c-Myc. NPM was required for nucleolar localization and stabili- zation of Fbw7" SIGNOR-245084 miR-27b mirna URS000075B0A5_9606 RNAcentral PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10116 26239616 t Luana "Overexpression of miR-132 significantly reduced the expression levels of MeCP2, at both the mRNA and protein level, whereas downregulation of miR-132 increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of MeCP2" SIGNOR-264608 GP1BB protein P13224 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 16293600 t lperfetto "The GPIb-V-IX receptor consists of 4 transmembrane subunits: GPIbα, disulfide-linked to GPIbβ, and the noncovalently associated GPIX and GPV components, in ratios of 2:2:2:1." SIGNOR-261850 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11130076 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that irsp53, a substrate for insulin receptor with unknown function, is the 'missing link' between rac and wave. Activated rac binds to the amino terminus of irsp53, and carboxy-terminal src-homology-3 domain of irsp53 binds to wave to form a trimolecular complex." SIGNOR-85302 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 BTO:0004055 14993270 t lperfetto "We propose that activation of erk during adhesion creates a feedback system in which erk phosphorylates mek1 on t292, and this in turn blocks additional s298 phosphorylation in response to integrin signaling." SIGNOR-244862 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 22285184 t miannu "Here we report that CHFR interacts with BRG1, SNF5, and BAF60a of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex and ubiquitinates them to target for degradation through a proteasome-mediated pathway, and that SRG3/mBAF155 stabilizes these components by blocking their interaction with CHFR. These results suggest that CHFR enhances the degradation of the components of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex by inducing their poly-ubiquitination." SIGNOR-271459 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr373 GRSYDTYtPPHMQTH 9606 BTO:0001938 16407227 t "HIPK2 phosphorylates the activation domain of Pax6, which augments Pax6 transactivation by enhancing its interaction with p300. Mass spectrometric analysis identified three Pax6 phosphorylation sites as threonines 281, 304, and 373." SIGNOR-251271 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser577 RKPGLRRsPIKKVRK 9606 SIGNOR-C83 9840932 t lperfetto "The cell-cycle regulated transcription factor b-myb is phosphorylated by cyclin a/cdk2 at sites that enhance its transactivation properties. we show that b-myb is phosphorylated at thr447, thr490, thr497 and ser581 by cyclin a/cdk5" SIGNOR-62353 serotonin(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:350546 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257521 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 29106906 t Gianni "We report that, in the absence of Nfia or Nfib, there is a marked reduction in the spinal cord expression of NFIX, and that NFIB can transcriptionally activate Nfix expression in vitro. These data demonstrate that NFIX is part of the downstream transcriptional program through which NFIA and NFIB coordinate gliogenesis within the spinal cord." SIGNOR-268870 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15071501 f "JNK-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 at Ser184 reduces its affinity for Bax." gcesareni "We demonstrate that jnk-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 induces the release of bax from 14-3-3 and triggers its translocation to the mitochondria here we demonstrate that activated jnk promotes bax translocation to mitochondria through phosphorylation of 14-3-3, a cytoplasmic anchor of bax. Phosphorylation of 14-3-3 led to dissociation of bax from this protein." SIGNOR-124012 protein P0DOX5 UNIPROT Pr3-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C475 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27464484 t lperfetto "Although the majority of PR3-ANCAs are of the IgG isotype, the results of one study showed that PR3-ANCAs of the IgA isotype were present in up to 30% of patients with GPA" SIGNOR-270594 protein P0DOX5 UNIPROT MPO-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C474 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27464484 t lperfetto "Although MPO-ANCAs of the IgA isotype are sometimes found in patients with IgA nephropathy or IgA vasculitis45, isotypes other than IgG have not been reported in patients with typical AAV, with the exception of a single patient with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis" SIGNOR-270595 "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000578 31659254 t miannu "Here we report that ZNF774, a novel zinc-finger protein, inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Molecular characterization of this protein indicated that ZNF774 acts as a transcription repressor, and interrogation of ZNF774 interactome by affinity purification-coupled mass spectrometry revealed that ZNF774 is physically associated with the Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex in cells. We demonstrated that ZNF774 recruits the NuRD complex to the NOTCH2 promoter and represses NOTCH2 transcription." SIGNOR-265561 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1490 AILNPPPsPATERSH 9606 35487243 t miannu "Central to WNT signalosome formation is phosphorylation of LRP6 at multiple sites, with GSK3β phosphorylating LRP6 at S1490 and CK1 family members phosphorylating LRP6 at T1479 and T1493" SIGNOR-275398 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1479 SSSSTKGtYFPAILN 9606 35487243 t miannu "Central to WNT signalosome formation is phosphorylation of LRP6 at multiple sites, with GSK3β phosphorylating LRP6 at S1490 and CK1 family members phosphorylating LRP6 at T1479 and T1493" SIGNOR-275402 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1493 NPPPSPAtERSHYTM 9606 35487243 t miannu "Central to WNT signalosome formation is phosphorylation of LRP6 at multiple sites, with GSK3β phosphorylating LRP6 at S1490 and CK1 family members phosphorylating LRP6 at T1479 and T1493" SIGNOR-275403 LAG3 protein P18627 UNIPROT "Class II MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C429 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 35413245 t Barakat "Binding of LAG-3 to stable peptide-MHC class II limits T cell function and suppresses autoimmunity and anti-cancer immunity" SIGNOR-275412 LAG3 protein P18627 UNIPROT "T cell exhaustion" phenotype SIGNOR-PH221 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 27192565 f Barakat "Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT are highly expressed on dysfunctional or exhausted T cells in chronic diseases such as chronic viral infection and cancer." SIGNOR-275414 CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT "T cell exhaustion" phenotype SIGNOR-PH221 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 26086965 f Barakat "Both PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibited the activity of Akt, a crucial molecular in regulating glucose metabolism of T cells by elevating glucose transporter 1 expression and glycolysis, suggesting that glucose metabolism may contribute to T-cell exhaustion" SIGNOR-275415 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT GAS2L1 protein Q99501 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser352 HPRSRRYsGDSDSSA 9606 32289147 t miannu "Nek2A mediates G2/M phosphorylation of GAS2L1. GAS2L1 and its Ser352 phosphorylation are required for proper spindle organization and chromosome segregation. " SIGNOR-273683 "cyclosporin A" chemical CHEBI:4031 ChEBI PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15276472 t gcesareni "Calcineurin catalytic activity is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and fk506 through complexes with immunophilin proteins." SIGNOR-127225 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser239 QKVAERRsSPLLRRK 9606 22865920 t lperfetto "We define the precise site of aurb-mediated phosphorylation as a conserved serine within the nuclear localization signals of hdac4, hdac5, and hdac9 at ser265, ser278, and ser242, respectivelyduring mitosis, aurb-mediated phosphorylation may localize class iia hdacs to a phosphorylation gradient at the spindle midzone, permitting temporal and spatial regulatory mechanisms altering hdac protein interactions" SIGNOR-198654 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR SNW1 protein Q13573 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10713164 t gcesareni "Notch signal transduction pathway genes, lfng, hey1, and hes1, are differen-tially regulated by bmp-2 and tgf-beta." SIGNOR-254337 DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 8755651 t scontino "Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DII), which catalyzes deiodination of thyroxine (T4) exclusively on the outer ring (5‚Äô-position) to yield T4" SIGNOR-266949 INCENP protein Q9NQS7 UNIPROT CPC complex SIGNOR-C554 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23175282 t miannu "It is now known that the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is composed of four subunits: the enzymatic component Aurora B and the three regulatory and targeting components INCENP, Survivin and Borealin (also known as Dasra)5–7 (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-275425 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CPC complex SIGNOR-C554 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23175282 t miannu "It is now known that the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is composed of four subunits: the enzymatic component Aurora B and the three regulatory and targeting components INCENP, Survivin and Borealin (also known as Dasra)5–7 (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-275426 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGVVYKGR 9606 12049736 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation on tyrosine-15 of p34(cdc2) by erbb2 inhibits p34(cdc2) activation and is involved in resistance to taxol-induced apoptosis" SIGNOR-88671 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT TRIB2 protein Q92519 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser83 FRAVHLHsGEELVCK 9606 BTO:0002181 24089522 t miannu "Furthermore, Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination required phosphorylation of TRIB2 by p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) via another domain (amino acids 69-85) that is also essential for correct TRIB2 subcellular localization. Mutation of Ser-83 diminished p70S6K-induced phosphorylation of TRIB2." SIGNOR-275433 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser355 EADLPEPsEKQPAAA -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275436 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT CENPE protein Q02224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 11402067 t lperfetto "Spindle checkpoint protein Bub1 is required for kinetochore localization of Mad1, Mad2, Bub3, and CENP-E, independently of its kinase activity" SIGNOR-252016 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser214 GGKERPGsKEEVDED -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275439 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser76 SNLQRMGsSESTDSG 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "The signal for ubiquitination after uv and ir exposure is created by phosphorylation of cdc25a mediated by chk1 and chk2, respectively. Chk1 is a major kinase phosphorylating cdc25a (ser76/124) and cdc25c (ser216). regulation;btrc(induces);14-3-3 beta(induces);apoptosis, altered;14-3-3 beta(induces);ccna1(disrupts);cdk2(disrupts);cdk1(disrupts);ccnb1(disrupts);" SIGNOR-163150 PRPF3 protein O43395 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and L√ºhrmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-271967 NTF3 protein P20783 UNIPROT NTRK3 protein Q16288 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1653651 t gcesareni "Trkc, a new member of the trk family of tyrosine protein kinases, is a receptor for neurotrophin-3." SIGNOR-20699 UBQLN2 protein Q9UHD9 UNIPROT HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 25616961 t lperfetto "Confirmation of binding of recombinant full-length hnRNPA1 and hnRNPU proteins with ubiquilin-2 by GST-pull-down assays|Additionally, our evidence that ubiquilin-2 is in- volved in stabilizing hnRNPA1 protein" SIGNOR-262270 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser355 EADLPEPsEKQPAAA -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-275440 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TACSTD2 protein P09758 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser322 GELRKEPsL 9606 BTO:0001109 31177095 t done miannu " Analyses using HCT116 cells expressing WT Trop-2 (HCT116/WT) or Trop-2 alanine-substituted at Ser-303 (HCT116/S303A) or Ser-322 (HCT116/S322A) revealed that Trop-2 is phosphorylated at Ser-322. sing protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and PKC-specific siRNAs, we found that PKCα and PKCδ are responsible for Trop-2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273820 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT TARBP2 protein Q15633 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser283 ILSLRSCsLGSLGAL -1 27407113 t miannu "We demonstrate that S6 kinases can phosphorylate the extended C-terminal domain of TRBP and interact with TRBP in situ in primary cells. TRBP serines 283/286 are essential for S6K-mediated TRBP phosphorylation, optimal expression of TRBP, and the S6K-TRBP interaction in human primary cells. " SIGNOR-274065 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT BSG protein P35613 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser368 GSAPLKSsGQHQNDK 9606 31016558 t done miannu "These results indicate that NEK6 directly interacts with CD147 and phosphorylates the protein at serine-252 in Huh-7 cells." SIGNOR-273882 "UV stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST7 SIGNOR MAP3K4 protein Q9Y6R4 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9305639 f lperfetto "Overexpression of a dominant-negative MTK1 mutant [MTK1(K/R)] strongly inhibited the activation of the p38 pathway by environmental stresses (osmotic shock, UV and anisomycin)[]These results indicate that MTK1 is a major mediator of environmental stresses that activate the p38 MAPK pathway" SIGNOR-226605 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT THOP1 protein P52888 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser643 KVGMDYRsCILRPGG -1 10969067 t miannu "PKA phosphorylation is suggested to play a regulatory role in EP24.15 enzyme activity. Mutation analysis of each putative PKA site, in vitro phosphorylation, and phosphopeptide mapping indicated serine 644 as the phosphorylation site. The most dramatic change upon PKA phosphorylation was a substrate-specific, 7-fold increase in both K(m) and k(cat) for GnRH." SIGNOR-250060 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 16146838 f lperfetto "Oncogenic mutations of Flt3 also result in the activation of aberrant signaling pathways, including strong activation of STAT5, induction of STAT target genes, and repression of myeloid transcription factors c/EBP-3 and Pu.1." SIGNOR-249634 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 20837657 t gcesareni "In canonical wnt signaling, dsh phosphorylation inhibits the apcaxingsk3 complex, leading to beta-catenin stabilization." SIGNOR-167957 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex SIGNOR-C147 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10426999 t lperfetto "BRCA1 encodes a tumor suppressor that is mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancers. Here, it is shown that BRCA1 interacts in vitro and in vivo with hRad50, which forms a complex with hMre11 and p95/nibrin. Upon irradiation, BRCA1 was detected in discrete foci in the nucleus, which colocalize with hRad50.| These data suggest that BRCA1 is important for the cellular responses to DNA damage that are mediated by the hRad50-hMre11-p95 complex." SIGNOR-251501 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR IRX2 protein Q9BZI1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15133517 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "To identify the phosphorylated residue, we introduced a serine-to-alanine substitution at residues 294 and 326 and a threonine-to-alanine substitution at residue 331 in Irx2(291‚Äì356). Erk1 phosphorylated S294A and T331A, but not S326A (Fig. 4b), indicating that Ser326 is the bona fide MAP kinase target." SIGNOR-270193 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT BMPR1B protein O00238 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 10712517 t lperfetto "Using several complementary approaches, we investigated the formation of homomeric and heteromeric complexes between the two known bmp type i receptors (br-ia and br-ib) and the bmp type ii receptor (br-ii)." SIGNOR-219291 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT CASC3 protein O15234 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 21478859 t lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263382 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser214 GGKERPGsKEEVDED -1 21204788 t done miannu "AMPK phosphorylation inhibits tau binding of microtubules. In order to study further the phosphorylation of tau by AMPK, we compared phosphorylation of tau by MARK4 or AMPK using a panel of phospho-tau antibodies (Figure 2A). Five phosphorylation sites common to both kinases were identified (Thr231, Ser262, Ser356, Ser396 and Ser422). In addition, AMPK, but not MARK4, was capable of phosphorylating Ser214 (Figure 2A)." SIGNOR-273926 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT TEAD1 protein P28347 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "YAP/TAZ mainly bind to the transcription factors TEAD1?????_?4 to regulate genes involved in cell proliferation and cell death." gcesareni "When dephosphorylated, yap/taz enter nuclei and induce gene transcription by interacting with transcription factors tead1?_?_?4." SIGNOR-192768 MINK1 protein Q8N4C8 UNIPROT PRICKLE1 protein Q96MT3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr370 LSGNADDtLSRKLDD -1 22037766 t miannu "We show that Mink1 phosphorylates Prickle on a conserved threonine residue and regulates its Rab5-dependent endosomal trafficking, a process required for the localized plasma membrane accumulation and function of Prickle." SIGNOR-263095 CDC5L protein Q99459 UNIPROT PRP19-CDC5L complex SIGNOR-C534 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20176811 t miannu "In this study, we affinity purified the human Prp19/CDC5L complex from HeLa cell lines stably expressing FLAG-AD002 or FLAG-SPF27 and determined its molecular architecture and EM structure. To learn more about the spatial organization of the human Prp19 (hPrp19)/CDC5L complex, which is comprised of hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73, we purified native hPrp19/CDC5L complexes from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002 or SPF27." SIGNOR-271974 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AC11 protein P0C0S8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHK 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271749 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22225874 t FFerrentino "Srf within myofibers modulates Il6 and Cox2/Il4 expressions and, therefore, exerts a paracrine control of satellite cell proliferation and fusion, respectively, which in turn support skeletal muscle hypertrophy." SIGNOR-255965 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser197 APRRRAAsMDSSSKL 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-252484 CAPN2 protein P17655 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Thr45 LIGKVDGtSHVTGKG -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263582 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser191 HRFRRQLsEPCNSFP 9606 12213813 t lperfetto "Here we describe that the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1), a protein kinase downstream of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subclass of MAPKs, binds to ER81, phosphorylates it, and enhances ER81-dependent transcription. Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation." SIGNOR-252768 "tyrphostin AG 1478" chemical CHEBI:75404 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189377 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT CCNE2 protein O96020 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30283340 f miannu "MYCT1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclins D and E. Moreover, MYCT1 overexpression triggered apoptosis in AML cells, which was accompanied by enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and downregulated Bcl-2." SIGNOR-261733 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261651 SNAIL/RELA/PARP1 complex SIGNOR-C198 SIGNOR FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000452;BTO:0002625 22223884 f alessandro "Taken together, our results indicate that Snail1, p65NF-κB and PARP1 interact to activate the expression of fibronectin and other ECM genes involved in cell movement. This mechanism is functional not only in epithelial cells undergoing EMT but also in fibroblasts." SIGNOR-254529 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CDCA2 protein Q69YH5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser981 RRKSFCIsTLANTKA 9606 BTO:0000567 32938714 t done miannu "This result demonstrates that the three sites of Repo-Man (Ser-543, Ser-977, and Ser-981) are phosphorylated by Aurora B in early mitosis. We uncover that PP1γ is recruited to mitotic chromosomes by its regulatory subunit Repo-Man in the absence of Aurora B activity and that Aurora B regulates dissociation of PP1γ by phosphorylating and disrupting PP1γ-Repo-Man interactions on chromatin." SIGNOR-274001 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CLIC5 protein Q9NZA1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr33 EENESPHyDDVHEYL 9606 BTO:0000567 10930415 t miannu "In this paper, we demonstrate that p64 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated when co-expressed with p59(fyn) in HeLa cells." SIGNOR-274006 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11331248 t gcesareni "Vav interacts with the tyrosine kinase syk. inhibition of syk kinase activity prevents tyrosine phosphorylation of vav and its interaction with pi 3-k." SIGNOR-107046 SNTA1 protein Q13424 UNIPROT NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0001103 12456711 t gcesareni "biochemical studies showed that the N-terminal PDZ domain of nNOS binds to a similar PDZ domain of syntrophin (Fig. 1), a dystrophin-associated protein" SIGNOR-236916 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr589 SHDSEENyVPMNPNL 9606 BTO:0000018 10734310 t miannu "Gab-1 is phosphorylated on the same residues by HGF and EGF receptors. Among 16 peptides only nine were phosphorylated by the EGF and HGF receptors, namely peptides containing the tyrosine residues 285, 307, 373, 407, 448, 473, 590, 628 and 660. we show that in the response to HGF or EGF, Gab1 is phosphorylated in vivo on the same residues. However, a sustained activation of signaling pathways downstream to Gab1 (as a result of its sustained phosphorylation) is achieved only in response to HGF." SIGNOR-250288 WNK2 protein Q9Y3S1 UNIPROT WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser382 KRASFAKsVIGTPEF 9606 22032326 t Manara "WNK1, which is activated in response to osmotic stress by phosphorylation of its T-loop residue (Ser382). | We found that wild-type WNK2 (Figure 8A) or WNK3 (Figure 8B) phosphorylated kinase-inactive WNK1 (1–667, D368A) at Ser382 in vitro." SIGNOR-260790 MED22 protein Q15528 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266661 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT USP16 protein Q9Y5T5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser330 ILKAFGNsTEKLDEE -1 26323689 t done miannu "Plk1 phosphorylates and activates Usp16. In vitro phosphorylation of Usp16 with single (S330A, S386A, or S486A) or collective 3A (S330A/S386A/S486A) mutation showed that Plk1 phosphorylated Usp16 at all three sites (Fig. S2 D)." SIGNOR-274016 PAQR3 protein Q6TCH7 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex I" complex SIGNOR-C242 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26834238 t miannu "Firstly, PAQR3 functions as a scaffold protein that facilitates the formation of ATG14L- but not UVRAG-linked VPS34 complex, leading to elevated capacity of PI(3)P generation ahead of starvation signals. Secondly, AMPK phosphorylates PAQR3 at threonine 32 and switches on PI(3)P production to initiate autophagosome formation swiftly after glucose starvation. " SIGNOR-273738 IRF2BPL protein Q9H1B7 UNIPROT PDYN protein P01213 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 17627301 t miannu "EAP1 encoded a nuclear protein expressed in neurons involved in the inhibitory and facilitatory control of reproduction. EAP1 transactivated genes required for reproductive function, such as GNRH1, and repressed inhibitory genes, such as preproenkephalin. It contained a RING finger domain of the C3HC4 subclass required for this dual transcriptional activity.These results suggest that EAP1 is a transcriptional regulator that, acting within the neuroendocrine brain, contributes to controlling female reproductive function." SIGNOR-267156 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr213 PPTVPNDyMTSPARL 9606 21320496 t lperfetto "Abi-1 is an adaptor protein for abelson kinase (c-abl). Here, we identified a new phosphorylation site (y398) in the sh3 domain of abi1, and disruption of y398, combined with the previously identified phosphorylation site y213, significantly weakens the binding of abi-1 to c-abl. Phosphorylation of abi-1 is dependent on c-abl kinase" SIGNOR-172017 CARS1 protein P49589 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270805 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 14585074 t lperfetto "Active caspase-3 itself is able to process its upstream , caspase-8 and caspase-9, establishing a self-amplifying loop of caspase activation" SIGNOR-256453 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 8107774 t gcesareni "A new brain serine/threonine protein kinase may be a target for the p21ras-related proteins Cdc42 and Rac1. The kinase sequence is related to that of the yeast protein STE20, implicated in pheromone-response pathways." SIGNOR-248250 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 9606 18332134 t Manara "In this report, we show that VEGF stimulates PKD-dependent phosphorylation of HDAC5 at Ser259/498residues in ECs, which leads to HDAC5 nuclear exclusion and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-260875 MRPL30 protein Q8TCC3 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262365 RIOK3 protein O14730 UNIPROT IFIH1 protein Q9BYX4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser828 GRARADEsTYVLVAH 9606 BTO:0000007 25865883 t lperfetto "RIOK3 mediates phosphorylation of MDA5 Ser-828|RIOK3-mediated phosphorylation of MDA5 interferes with its assembly and attenuates the innate immune response" SIGNOR-264576 SLC4A10 protein Q6U841 UNIPROT hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26136660 t miannu "Slc4a10 is a Na+-coupled Cl−-HCO3− exchanger, which is expressed in principal and inhibitory neurons as well as in choroid plexus epithelial cells of the brain. In neurons, bicarbonate transport is mainly mediated by members of the SLC4A family of proteins. While the Na+-independent anion-exchanger SLC4A3 lowers the intraneuronal bicarbonate concentration, the Na+-dependent anion exchangers SLC4A8 (NDCBE) and SLC4A10 (NCBE) use the sodium gradient to accumulate bicarbonate in exchange of chloride" SIGNOR-264919 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1423 AVLEQHGsQPSNSYP 9606 BTO:0000007 17603999 t "Protein kinases involved in the DNA damage checkpoint control, such as ATM, ATR, and hCds1/Chk2, have been shown to phosphorylate and activate BRCA1 upon DNA damage. |Altogether, these results indicate that PP1α specifically dephosphorylates BRCA1 at multiple serine sites, including S988 [12], S1423, and S1524." SIGNOR-248561 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PACSIN2 protein Q9UNF0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser313 ADLNRTLsRREKKKA 9606 BTO:0000007 31801866 t done miannu "PKCα phosphorylates PACSIN2 at serine 313 in the linker region and decreases its membrane binding and tubulation activities. Phosphorylation of PACSIN2 at S313 negatively regulated protein interaction between NS5A and core, which affected viral assembly" SIGNOR-273799 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr407 SRIPASQtSVPFDHL 9606 BTO:0000007 10542239 t llicata "Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. T" SIGNOR-250814 GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT GPHN protein Q9NQX3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 25882190 t miannu "The GABA(A)R-associated protein GABARAP was found to bind to the gamma2 subunit of GABA(A)Rs. Here we show that GABARAP interacts with gephyrin in both biochemical assays and transfected cells. Our data indicate that GABARAP-gephyrin interactions are not important for postsynaptic GABA(A)R anchoring but may be implicated in receptor sorting and/or targeting mechanisms." SIGNOR-264971 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 SSPDKRLtLSQIYEW -1 17711846 t done miannu "Here, we find that AMPK directly regulates mammalian FOXO3, a member of the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors known to promote resistance to oxidative stress, tumor suppression, and longevity. We show that AMPK phosphorylates human FOXO3 at six previously unidentified regulatory sites.Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activation of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization.Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylates at least six residues of FOXO3 in vitro (Thr179, Ser399, Ser413, Ser555, Ser588, and Ser626)." SIGNOR-274094 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 25309941 f "Following GSK3β activation, NF-κB is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and binds transcriptional sites with CBP leading to an increase in the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6)." SIGNOR-255489 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 1373652 t gcesareni "The question of whether protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptpases) dephosphorylate a multiply phosphorylated peptide in a random or ordered manner was investigated using the synthetic triphosphotyrosyl peptide trdiy(p)etdy(p)y(p)rk, corresponding to the major sites of autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, as a substrate for four purified ptpases." SIGNOR-18018 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser450 SHNSALYsQVQKSGA 9606 15574499 t amattioni "Ikkbeta phosphorylates dok1 s(439)s(443) and s(446)s(450) after tnf-alpha, il-1, or gamma-radiation. mutant dok1 a(439), a(443), a(446), and a(450) differed from wild-type dok1 in not inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation or cell growth. Mutant dok1 a(439), a(443), a(446), and a(450) also did not promote cell motility whereas wild-type dok1 promoted cell motility." SIGNOR-131556 EPHB2 protein P29323 UNIPROT RRAS protein P10301 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr66 DPTIEDSyTKICSVD 9606 10570155 t "Tyrosine 66 of R-Ras is phosphorylated by EphB2|. R-Ras, a small intracellular GTPase, regulates the binding of integrins to their ligands outside the cell. |Cells in which EphB2 is activated become poorly adherent to substrates coated with integrin ligands, and a tyrosine residue in the R-Ras effector domain is phosphorylated." SIGNOR-251125 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT ELF3 protein P78545 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser207 GTGASRSsHSSDSGG 9606 BTO:0000150 17491012 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of stability and transforming potential of ets transcriptional factor ese-1 by p21-activated kinase 1. Pak1 selectively phosphorylates ese-1 at ser(207). Intriguingly, pak1 phosphorylation inactive mutant ese1-s207a is more unstable" SIGNOR-154743 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "Yap and taz are two main downstream effectors of the hippo pathway, and they function as transcription co-activators to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis." SIGNOR-256668 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000776 20185585 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-163944 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr263 PSRPPPPtPRRPASV 9606 BTO:0000007 16446428 t gcesareni "Itch undergoes JNK1-mediated phosphorylation that greatly enhances its enzymatic activity. To investigate how phosphorylation activates an E3 Ub ligase we have identified the JNK1 phosphorylation sites within Itch as S199, S232, and T222" SIGNOR-249579 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 BTO:0000552 20663147 t gcesareni "DeltaNp63alpha depletion by RNAi reduces steady-state ATM mRNA and protein levels, and attenuates p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. Conversely, ectopic expression of DeltaNp63alpha in p63-null tumour cells stimulates ATM transcription and p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-167156 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser329 STISGRLsPIMTEQD 9534 BTO:0001538 20061393 t done miannu "Here, we report that the transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase (TAK1)-Nemo-like kinase (NLK) pathway negatively regulates FOXO1. We show that NLK binds and phosphorylates FOXO1 at Pro-directed Ser/Thr residues in the transactivation domain. The phosphorylation by TAK1-NLK pathway inhibits the transcriptional activity of FOXO1 and excludes FOXO1 from the nucleus, which is independent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. " SIGNOR-273907 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser399 DNITLPPsQPSPTGG -1 17711846 t done miannu "Here, we find that AMPK directly regulates mammalian FOXO3, a member of the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors known to promote resistance to oxidative stress, tumor suppression, and longevity. We show that AMPK phosphorylates human FOXO3 at six previously unidentified regulatory sites.Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activation of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization.Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK phosphorylates at least six residues of FOXO3 in vitro (Thr179, Ser399, Ser413, Ser555, Ser588, and Ser626)." SIGNOR-274095 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT TIMP3 protein P35625 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 28709001 f "We identified that ciliary Hh signaling in FAPs regulates expression of Timp3. Future experiments will determine whether Timp3 is a direct or indirect target of Hh signaling." SIGNOR-255907 ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003858 16051604 t lperfetto "Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein/Thrombospondin 5 Supports Chondrocyte Attachment through Interaction with Integrins|We show that COMP/TSP5 can support chondrocyte attachment and that the RGD sequence in COMP/TSP5 and the integrin receptors alpha5beta1 and alphaVbeta3 on the chondrocytes are involved in mediating this attachment. The interactions of COMP/TSP5 with the integrins are dependent on COMP/TSP5 conformation." SIGNOR-266988 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT ACVR1 protein Q04771 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7791754 t gcesareni "Bmpr-ii is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that binds bmp-2 and bmp-7 in association with multiple type i receptors, including bmpr-ia/brk1, bmpr-ib, and actr-i, which is also an activin type i receptor." SIGNOR-33434 GIT1 protein Q9Y2X7 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 23325602 t miannu "We found both MAT2B variants interact with GIT1. MAT2B directly promoted binding of GIT1 and ERK2 to MEK1. MAT2B and GIT1 interact and are overexpressed in most human liver and colon cancer specimens." SIGNOR-261245 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI LILRB1 protein Q8NHL6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002042 18652845 f miannu "Although RAPA downregulated ILT2, ILT3 and ILT4 expression in DC, the inhibition of T cell proliferation by RAPA-treated DC is predominantly due to the reduction of CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression rather than the propensity to generate FoxP3 expressing regulatory cells." SIGNOR-255476 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser196 EEKERTFsFCGTIEY 9606 BTO:0001253 17429437 t gcesareni "Ser-343 and ser-196 are autophosphorylated by the c-terminal kinase domain, and their phosphorylation is essential for the catalytic activity of the n-terminal kinase domain." SIGNOR-154324 KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000876 2848118 t gcesareni "Ksrp was shown to interact with the c-terminus of dvl3. We show that ksrp negatively regulates wnt/beta-catenin signaling at the level of post-transcriptional ctnnb1 (beta-catenin) mrna stability." SIGNOR-23800 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 9520455 t gcesareni "We have found that il-2 induces association of shp-1 with the il-2 receptor complex, and that once shp-1 is recruited to the activated receptor it is able to decrease tyrosine phosphorylation of il-2rbeta and the associated tyrosine kinases jak1 and jak3." SIGNOR-55989 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PDE4B protein Q07343 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser56 NLQLPPLsQRQSERA 9534 BTO:0000298 12441002 t miannu "PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Ser-56 in UCR1 of PDE4B4 leads to activation of this long isoform" SIGNOR-250024 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000527 15808505 t gcesareni "These data are consistent with phlpp terminating akt signaling by directly dephosphorylating and inactivating akt / phlpp1 specifically modulates the phosphorylation of hdm2 and gsk-3alpha through akt2, whereas phlpp2 specifically modulates the phosphorylation of p27 through akt3" SIGNOR-135008 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12771128 t gcesareni "A dominant-negative mutant of high cell densityenhanced ptp 1 (dep-1)//cd148 as well as reduction of its expression by rna interference partially restore vegfr-2 phosphorylation and map kinase activation." SIGNOR-101282 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser8 MEPAPARsPRPQQDP 9606 19015637 t llicata "In response to dna damage, hipk2 phosphorylates pml at serines 8 and 38. he n-terminal phosphorylation sites contribute to the dna damage-induced pml sumoylation and are required for the ability of pml to cooperate with hipk2 for the induction of cell death." SIGNOR-182432 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 "BTO:0000776; BTO:0000801" 16484370 f "Mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase Tpl2, levels of which are markedly reduced in nfkb1(-/-) cells, is required for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages and B cells stimulated with diverse TLR ligands" SIGNOR-256078 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser368 PNPSTSAsPKKSPPP 9606 SIGNOR-C16 18332217 t llicata "We define ser-331 as the site phosphorylated by cyclin e-cdk2, cyclin a-cdk2, and p35-cdk5 both in vitro and in cells. Importantly, phosphorylation at ser-331 inhibits the catalytic activity of sirt2." SIGNOR-177972 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f gcesareni "As shown in fig. 3a, metformin (0.5 to 2 mmol/l) induced shp gene expression and repressed the camp/dex-induced expression of pepck and g6pase in a dose-dependent manner in h4iie cells" SIGNOR-158068 PTH2 protein Q96A98 UNIPROT PTH2R protein P49190 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 11861531 t gcesareni "Subsequent efforts led to the isolation and definition of the primary structure of a novel peptide, referred to as tip39, from bovine hypothalamus and the synthetic peptide was shown to efficiently activate human, rat, and zebrafish pth2 receptors" SIGNOR-115124 MMP12 protein P39900 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272357 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7901013 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "In this paper we have studied the phosphorylation and activation of alternatively spliced forms of human th by mapkap kinase-1 , mapkap kinase-2, map kinase, and cam kinase-11" SIGNOR-270055 FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-236560 buprenorphine chemical CHEBI:3216 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258769 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1001 SKESEHDsDESSDDD 9606 10066810 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis of ck2 consensus sites showed that the target for ck2 was in an acidic insert of 19 amino acids in the d2 domain, and ser to ala mutations at amino acids 965, 968, 969, and 973 abrogated ck2 phosphorylation of cd45. Ck2 phosphorylation increased cd45 activity 3-fold toward phosphorylated myelin basic protein," SIGNOR-65281 FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 24209627 f gcesareni "Loss of fgf signaling in fgf24 and fgf8 double-deficient zebrafish" SIGNOR-203148 INTS1 protein Q8N201 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261468 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser19 KGFRRAVsELDAKQA 9606 12421349 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P07101-3" gcesareni "Recombinant human tyrosine hydroxylase (hth1) was found to be phosphorylated by mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (msk1) at ser40 and by p38 regulated/activated kinase (prak) on ser19. Phosphorylation of both ser40 and ser19 induced a high-affinity binding of 14-3-3 proteins, but only the interaction of 14-3-3 with ser19 increased the hth1 activity." SIGNOR-95479 INTS14 protein Q96SY0 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261474 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr227 KVDATADyICKVKWG 9606 BTO:0000007 32420483 t done miannu " We demonstrate the binding of PIP2 to the CoA-binding domain of ACLY and identify the six tyrosine residues of ACLY that are phosphorylated by Lyn. Three of them (Y682, Y252, Y227) can be also phosphorylated by Src and they are located in catalytic, citrate binding and ATP binding domains, respectively. PI3K and Lyn inhibitors reduce the ACLY enzyme activity, ACLY-mediated Acetyl-CoA synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, histone acetylation and cell growth. Thus, PIP2/PIP3 binding and Src tyrosine kinases-mediated stimulation of ACLY links oncogenic pathways to Acetyl-CoA-dependent pro-growth and survival metabolic pathways in cancer cells." SIGNOR-274108 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr275 LVDSKAKtRSAGCAA 9606 9312068 t lperfetto "Here we show that jnkk2, a novel member of the map kinase kinase family, was phosphorylated and activated by mekk1" SIGNOR-51211 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr252 EAYPEEAyIADLDAK 9606 BTO:0000007 32420483 t done miannu " We demonstrate the binding of PIP2 to the CoA-binding domain of ACLY and identify the six tyrosine residues of ACLY that are phosphorylated by Lyn. Three of them (Y682, Y252, Y227) can be also phosphorylated by Src and they are located in catalytic, citrate binding and ATP binding domains, respectively. PI3K and Lyn inhibitors reduce the ACLY enzyme activity, ACLY-mediated Acetyl-CoA synthesis, phospholipid synthesis, histone acetylation and cell growth. Thus, PIP2/PIP3 binding and Src tyrosine kinases-mediated stimulation of ACLY links oncogenic pathways to Acetyl-CoA-dependent pro-growth and survival metabolic pathways in cancer cells." SIGNOR-274109 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1834 MLRRRMAsMQRTGVV 9606 16926151 t lperfetto "We find that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid stimulates akt activity, which is required to phosphorylate p300 at ser(1834). Akt-mediated phosphorylation of p300 dramatically increases its acetyltransferase activity" SIGNOR-148983 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr487 DNSSDSDyDLHGAQR -1 11298344 t "Tyrosine-mutated CD5 molecules have been used to show that residues Y429 and Y463 are targeted in vivo by protein tyrosine kinases following cell stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb or pervanadate. This is in agreement with data from direct in vitro kinase assays using purified recombinant Lck and Fyn protein tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-251152 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PRH1 protein P02810 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser24 QDLDEDVsQEDVPLV 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000671 10684652 t lperfetto "Ser22 may be phosphorylated by a g-ck that recognizes an atypical substrate sequence or by a novel kinase. While prp1 secreted from salivary glands is fully phosphorylated at ser8 and 22" SIGNOR-75272 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF2B1 protein Q14232 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Akt also promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating gsk3b, thus releasing the gsk3b-dependent inhibition of the eukariotic translation initiation factor 2b (eif2b)." SIGNOR-175436 SH3PXD2A protein Q5TCZ1 UNIPROT NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20943948 t lperfetto "Tks4 and Tks5 bind NoxA1 through their SH3 domains in a Rac-independent manner|NoxO1 is required for full Nox1 and Nox3 oxidase activity at least partially because of its role in the plasma membrane recruitment of the NoxA1 activator protein|Tks4 and Tks5 support Nox1- and Nox3-dependent ROS generation" SIGNOR-264708 PPP2R1A protein P30153 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 15525651 t gcesareni "Galpha12 directly interacts with pp2a: evidence for galpha12-stimulated pp2a phosphatase activity and dephosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein, tau." SIGNOR-130136 XAF1 protein Q6GPH4 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17613533 t gcesareni "Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that xaf1 binds to xiap,birc2,birc3." SIGNOR-156843 PPM1L protein Q5SGD2 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr838 GINPCTEtFTGTLQY 9606 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 17456047 t gcesareni "Exogenous pp2cepsilon associated with exogenous ask1 in hek-293 cells under non-stressed conditions, inactivating ask1 by decreasing thr845 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-154554 REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 10449787 f miannu "We show here that CoREST, a newly identified human protein, functions as a corepressor for REST. A single zinc finger motif in REST is required for CoREST interaction. Together, REST and CoREST mediate repression of the type II sodium channel promoter in nonneural cells, and the REST/CoREST complex may mediate long-term repression essential to maintenance of cell identity." SIGNOR-220698 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser23 PAPIRRRsSNYRAYA 9606 18550549 t gcesareni "Src phosphorylates pkcdelta at tyr311 and tyr332 leading to enhanced pkcdelta autophosphorylation at thr505 (its activation loop) and pkcdelta-dependent ctni phosphorylation at both ser23/ser24 and thr144." SIGNOR-178880 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser279 SSPTAPLsPMSPPGY 9606 9535909 t lperfetto "These studies confirm that connexin-43 is a MAP kinase substrate in vivo and that phosphorylation on Ser255, Ser279, and/or Ser282 initiates the down-regulation of gap junctional communication. Studies with connexin-43 mutants suggest that MAP kinase phosphorylation at one or more of the tandem Ser279/Ser282 sites is sufficient to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249466 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28624438 t miannu "The promoter region of ADAM10 contains several transcription factor binding sites that can stimulate its transcription. These include binding sites for transcription factors SP1 and USF, and the spliced form of the X-box binding protein (XBP)-1 as well as a retinoic acid-responsive element" SIGNOR-259837 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SLC2A2 protein P11168 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser505 EFQKKSGsAHRPKAA 9534 BTO:0004055 8626492 t miannu "GLUT2 is rapidly phosphorylated by protein kinase A following activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin. serines 489 and 501/503 and threonine 510 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the transporter are the in vitro and in vivo sites of phosphorylation. Stimulation of GLUT2 phosphorylation in beta cells reduces the initial rate of 3-O-methyl glucose uptake by approximately 48% but does not change the Michaelis constant. a consequence of GLUT2 phosphorylation is a reduction of its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-250051 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14699954 t amattioni "The targets of jnk include the transcription factors p53. P75ntr-mediated apoptosis was shown to be dependent of p53" SIGNOR-120552 paliperidone chemical CHEBI:82978 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258563 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26055960 f miannu "Our results suggest that activating mutation of FLT3 in AML can lead, to increased expression of miR-155, which then causes down-regulation of SPI1 and CEBPB and consequently causes block of myeloid differentiation." SIGNOR-255802 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT DUSP22 protein Q9NRW4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 28515487 f "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events in hFUS+/+; Smn+/− mice. As shown in Fig. 6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected in hFUS+/+ mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-262803 GNRH1 protein P01148 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17202804 t miannu "GnRH antagonizes testosterone activation of the human androgen receptor in SCL60 cells. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Functionally Antagonizes Testosterone Activation of the Human Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cells through Focal Adhesion Complexes Involving Hic-5" SIGNOR-259267 FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 18667433 f areggio "Additionally, the association of Ror2 with the actin-binding protein filamin A is required for Wnt5a-induced JNK activation and polarized cell migration. " SIGNOR-258973 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser342 LAHDRAPsRKDSLES 9606 21317289 t gcesareni "We report that Sufu is phosphorylated at Ser-342 and Ser-346 by GSK3? and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), respectively, and phosphorylation at this dual site stabilizes Sufu against Shh signaling-induced degradation." SIGNOR-171999 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smad1 interacts with runx2 on the promoter of target genes and controls osteoblast gene expression and differentiation" SIGNOR-195642 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT Mast-Cell_diff phenotype SIGNOR-PH117 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000830 25801432 f "We have identified GATA2 as an essential transcription factor in differentiation of newly identified common basophil and mast cell progenitors into basophils and mast cells. ll differentiation and maintenance" SIGNOR-259959 NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT S100A4 protein P26447 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000815 22266867 t done miannu " As expected, the depletion of NFAT5 decreased the S100A4 and LCN2 mRNA levels (Figure 3a). In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay using NFAT5 antibody indicated that NFAT5 was bound to the S100A4 and LCN2 promoters (Figure 3b, Supplementary Figure S3), as expected (Chen et al., 2009)." SIGNOR-274115 acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 3013232 t miannu "Citrate synthase catalyzes an important step within the cycle, the Claisen condensation of acetyl-Coenzyme A with oxaloacetate to form citrate; and it is the only enzyme in the cycle that can catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon bond." SIGNOR-266236 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 14517246 t gcesareni "Jnks directly phosphorylate nuclear factor of activated t-cell (nfat) transcription factors, thus antagonizing the effects of calcium-regulated signaling through the protein phosphatase calcineurin" SIGNOR-118223 PRPS2 protein P11908 UNIPROT "5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:58017 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16939420 t miannu "PRPP (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate) is an important metabolite essential for nucleotide synthesis and PRS (PRPP synthetase) catalyses synthesis of PRPP from R5P (ribose 5-phosphate) and ATP." SIGNOR-267082 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRM3 protein Q14832 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 25042998 t miannu "Metabotropic glutamate receptors are class C G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate" SIGNOR-264075 P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256800 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001914 23887393 t gcesareni "Here, we report that PDK1 directly induces phosphorylation of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which in turn induces MYC phosphorylation and protein accumulation. We show that PDK1-PLK1-MYC signaling is critical for cancer cell growth and survival, and small-molecule inhibition of PDK1/PLK1 provides an effective approach for therapeutic targeting of MYC dependency" SIGNOR-243522 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000944 17673906 f "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "We report that upon TGF__ stimulation, the activated TGF__ type I receptor (T_RI) recruits and directly phosphorylates ShcA proteins on tyrosine and serine. This dual phosphorylation results from an intrinsic T_RI tyrosine kinase activity that complements its well_defined serine_threonine kinase function. TGF___induced ShcA phosphorylation induces ShcA association with Grb2 and Sos, thereby initiating the well_characterised pathway linking receptor tyrosine kinases with Erk MAP kinases." SIGNOR-269903 PLK3 protein Q9H4B4 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 21098032 t gcesareni "Kinase activity of plk3 was significantly activated by hyperosmotic stimulation. Further downstream, active plk3 phosphorylated atf-2 at the thr-71 site in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-170008 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser64 EPDLKKEsEEDKFPV 9606 15889150 t llicata "We find that activation of camp-dependent protein kinase a (pka) induces phosphorylation of sox9 on its two s64 and s181 pka sites, and its nuclear localization by enhancing sox9 binding to the nucleocytoplasmic transport protein importin beta." SIGNOR-137089 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT TSC22D3 protein Q99576 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001482 15705665 t "We have analyzed the promoter of human gilz (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper), a dexamethasone-inducible gene that is involved in regulating apoptosis, and identified six glucocorticoid (GC)-responsive elements and three Forkhead responsive elements (FHREs)." SIGNOR-255950 "Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C473 SIGNOR tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29184 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270438 D-glucitol smallmolecule CHEBI:17924 ChEBI TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000312 33172210 f "We found that osmotic stress robustly induced nuclear loss of TDP-43, SPFQ, FUS, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPK, with characteristic changes in nucleocytoplasmic localisation in an RBP-dependent manne" SIGNOR-262817 RIT2 protein Q99578 UNIPROT POU4F1 protein Q01851 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000934 12934100 t miannu "we describe the evidence for a functional interaction between Brn-3a and Rin and demonstrate the role of Rin in modulating the activation of the Brn-3a regulated egr-1 promoter by the N-terminal domain of Brn-3a." SIGNOR-224546 BRK1 protein Q8WUW1 UNIPROT "WRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C191 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21107423 t miannu "WAVE proteins are constitutively associated with four additional proteins in cells: Sra1/Cyfip1, Nap1/Hem-2, Abi and HSPC300. The components of this ~400 kDa pentamer, termed the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) have all been implicated in control of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly in a wide range of systems" SIGNOR-253570 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADORA1 protein P30542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257446 RAE1 protein P78406 UNIPROT NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16036565 t miannu "Nup98 is a major interacting partner of Rae1 and known to beinvolved in mRNA export." SIGNOR-260868 WNK4 protein Q96J92 UNIPROT SLC12A3 protein P55017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr50 SHLTHSStFCMRTFG -1 22342722 t "Q9BYP7:p.Glu562Lys (mutation causing interaction);Q9BYP7:p.Asp564Ala (mutation causing interaction);Q9BYP7:p.Gln565Glu (mutation causing interaction)" lperfetto "Threonine 48 was identified as the WNK4 phosphorylation site at mouse NCC|. Thus, WNK4 stimulates NCC in three ways: (1) direct phosphorylation and in turn increasing NCC protein abundance; (2) facilitating the phosphorylation of NCC by SPAK/OSR1 indirectly, and (3) phosphorylating and activating SPAK/OSR1.|Evidences from early studies using Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells indicate that WNK4 inhibits NCC and PHAII-causing mutations relieve the inhibition" SIGNOR-264631 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT5B protein P51692 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr740 AVCPQAHyNMYPQNP 9606 11751923 t llicata "Novel activation of stat5b in response to epidermal growth factor. novel activation of stat5b in response to epidermal growth factor." SIGNOR-113397 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258234 HLA-G protein P17693 UNIPROT KIR2DL4 protein Q99706 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10190900 t gcesareni "Recombinant soluble kir2dl4 binds to cells expressing hla-g but not to cells expressing other hla class i molecules." SIGNOR-66132 ADSS1 protein Q8N142 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267346 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 18721898 f lperfetto "Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-dependent activation of the rheb-mtor pathway triggers the simultaneous local synthesis of tc10 and par3." SIGNOR-180453 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SUFU protein Q9UMX1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser346 RAPSRKDsLESDSST 9606 21317289 t gcesareni "We report that Sufu is phosphorylated at Ser-342 and Ser-346 by GSK3? and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), respectively, and phosphorylation at this dual site stabilizes Sufu against Shh signaling-induced degradation" SIGNOR-172003 CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 17889670 t lperfetto "Microtubule plus end binding proteins (+TIPs) localize to the dynamic plus ends of microtubules, where they stimulate microtubule growth and recruit signaling molecules. Three main +TIP classes have been identified (XMAP215, EB1, and CLIP-170)" SIGNOR-264830 apomorphine chemical CHEBI:48538 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258374 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-262534 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser706 LNGEASKsQEMVHLV 9606 9580567 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that cd44 is phosphorylated to high stoichiometry in resting cells and that ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii is a cd44 ser(325) kinase." SIGNOR-57376 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 9528794 t gcesareni "We provide evidence that notch and deltex may act on e47 by inhibiting signaling through ras because (i) full e47 activity was found to be dependent on ras and (ii) both notch and deltex inhibited gal4-jun, a hybrid transcription factor whose activity is dependent on signaling from ras to sapk/jnk." SIGNOR-56150 CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" deubiquitination 9606 12917691 t lperfetto "Cyld also interacts directly with tumour-necrosis factor receptor (tnfr)-associated factor 2 (traf2), an adaptor molecule involved in by members of the family of tnf/nerve growth factor receptors. (articolo-abstract)" SIGNOR-117860 MTCP1 protein P56278 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t miannu "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-81674 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser78 PAYSRALsRQLSSGV 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "Ser-15, ser-78, and ser-82 in hsp27 (ser-15 and ser-86 in hsp25) are part of the rxxs motif, a known recognition site for p70rsk." SIGNOR-186955 IYD protein Q6PHW0 UNIPROT 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28153798 t scontino "MIT and DIT, which are deiodinated by iodotyrosine dehalogenase (DEHAL1) that seems to be present in the apical plasma membrane. MIT and DIT are liberated, and the deiodination of these molecules by DEHAL1 is important for providing a sustained source of intrathyroidal iodide." SIGNOR-267032 MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22588174 f Giorgia "ECSIT enhances IPS-1-mediated IFN-Beta promoter activation" SIGNOR-260372 EREG protein O14944 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 22891299 t gcesareni "For example, betacellulin binds to and activates both erbb1 and erbb4, whereas epiregulin binds to erbb1, erbb3 and erbb4" SIGNOR-191785 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 SSVSSSPsPPFGHSA 9606 12151396 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro." SIGNOR-91071 PCDH15 protein Q96QU1 UNIPROT TMC1 protein Q8TDI8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000630 25114259 t lperfetto "Although several studies show that the tip links, composed of PCDH15 and CDH23, are required for normal mechanotransduction, it is unclear how they are coupled to the transduction machinery. Likewise, it has been demonstrated that the transmembrane channel-like proteins TMC1 and TMC2 are required for mechanosensitive responses in hair cells, but how they interact with other components of the mechanotransduction complex is not known. Here, we show that TMC1 and TMC2 can interact with PCDH15, thereby establishing a critical connection between the tip link and these putative components of the mechanotransduction channel in hair cells." SIGNOR-262582 EML4-ALK "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP8 SIGNOR ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 21415216 t irozzo "We also found that phosphorylation of both the mitogen-activated proteinkinase (MAPK) ERK and STAT3 was markedly increased inthe cells expressing either variant of EML4-ALK[.]. Oncogenic EML4-ALK tyrosine kinase activates ERKand STAT3 signaling pathways" SIGNOR-259174 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu59 RKGNLEReCVEETCS -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263678 TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT TICAM2 protein Q86XR7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18221795 t fstefani "Mappit analysis of early toll-like receptor signalling events." SIGNOR-160424 RND1 protein Q92730 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "In the non-canonical wnt pathway, frizzled uses galfaq or galfai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat, and frizzled also signals through the small gtpases rho and rac to c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), which activates the ap1 transcription factor" SIGNOR-152811 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 25624455 t miannu "The main regulatory mechanism of RPTP activity consists of the reversible transition from a homodimeric inactive form to a monomeric active form. PTPRG is constitutively expressed on monocyte plasma membrane as a homodimer with the WD involved in catalytic domain blockade." SIGNOR-254737 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr763 DMKGDVKyADIESSN 9823 10391677 t miannu "Activation of the beta-receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) by its ligand leads to autophosphorylation on a number of tyrosine residues. Here we show that Tyr763 in the kinase insert region is a novel autophosphorylation site, which after phosphorylation binds the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2." SIGNOR-250258 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT TRPC3 protein Q13507 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser251 KNDYRKLsMQCKDFV 9606 16331690 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q13507-3" llicata "The present study demonstrates that human trpc3 expressed in hek293 cells forms store-operated ca2+ influx channels, the activity of which is inhibited by pkg. The inhibition is due to a direct phosphorylation of pkg on trpc3 channels at position t11 and s263." SIGNOR-142961 "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR H2BC11 protein P06899 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSIYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271980 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 20966922 f "APL cells closely resemble normal promyelocytes, a specific stage of the granulocytic differentiation pathway, suggesting that PML–RARα blocks the normal myeloid differentiation programme." SIGNOR-255724 UNC5 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF98 SIGNOR Chemorepulsion_of_axon phenotype SIGNOR-PH198 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30108487 f miannu "Netrin binding to the receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) results in attractive responses, viahomodimerization of DCC (covered in detail in later sections), whereas heterodimerization between DCC and receptor uncoordinated locomotion 5 (UNC5) converts this attractive response into repulsion" SIGNOR-268177 ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT Vesicle_transport phenotype SIGNOR-PH172 SIGNOR up-regulates 14973189 f lperfetto "ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF) are 20-kDa GTPases of the ras superfamily that regulate vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. There are three classes of ARFs: class I (ARF1–3), which function in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking; the much less studied class II (ARF4–5); and class III (ARF6), with significant roles in endocytotic pathways and cytoskeletal dynamics near the cell surface" SIGNOR-272153 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252846 TRHR protein P34981 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001379 23248581 t scontino "TRH receptors are textbook calcium-mobilizing receptors: they are coupled to Gq and G11, which activate phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ)." SIGNOR-267202 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr161 LGLPEEEtELDNLTE -1 9407077 t llicata "Phosphorylation of NIPP-1 in a heterodimeric complex with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1 resulted in an activation of the holoenzyme without a release of NIPP-1. Sequencing and phosphoamino acid analysis of tryptic phosphopeptides enabled us to identify Ser178 and Ser199 as the phosphorylation sites of protein kinase A, whereas Thr161 and Ser204 were phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2." SIGNOR-250931 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 28233384 t lperfetto "Here, we report the highest resolution, cryo-EM structures of actin filaments with bound ATP analog β,γ-imidoadenosine 5′-triphosphate (AMPPNP) (3.1 Å) and ADP with inorganic phosphate (ADP-Pi) (3.1 Å) as well as a 3.6-Å resolution structure of the ADP filament. These structures of the three well-characterized nucleotide states of actin monomers and filaments" SIGNOR-261879 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser294 APMAPGRsPLATTVM 9606 BTO:0000150 10655479 t miannu "Phosphorylation of human progesterone receptors at serine-294 by mitogen-activated protein kinase signals their degradation by the 26s proteasome" SIGNOR-74708 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser60 DNTAGCTsAGPHFNP 4932 24647101 t "ROS signaling is mediated by Mec1/ATM and its effector Dun1/Cds1 kinase, through Dun1 interaction with Sod1 and regulation of Sod1 by phosphorylation at S60, 99. In the nucleus, Sod1 binds to the promoters and regulates the expression of oxidative resistance and repair genes." SIGNOR-262794 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 TVNQSLLsPLVLEVD 9606 11788583 t lperfetto "Keratin 8 (k8) serine 73 occurs within a relatively conserved type ii keratin motif . Here we show that ser-73 is exclusively phosphorylated in vitro by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The ser-73 --> ala-associated filament reorganization defect is rescued by a ser-73 --> asp mutation. Also, disease-causing keratin mutations can modulate keratin phosphorylation and organization, which may affect disease pathogenesis." SIGNOR-114067 CNTNAP1 protein P78357 UNIPROT CNTN1 protein Q12860 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0001221 11069942 t Gianni "These results suggest that the targeting of contactin to different axonal domains may be determined, in part, via its association with Caspr." SIGNOR-269073 MMP7 protein P09237 UNIPROT DCN protein P07585 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu30 GLFDFMLeDEASGIG -1 9148753 t miannu "Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases. These data indicate proteolytic degradation of DCN by MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-7, and suggest the possibility that, under pathophysiological conditions, the digestion by the MMPs may induce tissue reactions mediated by TGF-beta1 released from DCN in the connective tissues." SIGNOR-256351 RCHY1 protein Q96PM5 UNIPROT POLH protein Q9Y253 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys682 SAVSHQGkRNPKSPL 9606 21791603 t miannu "Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase monoubiquitinates DNA polymerase eta to suppress translesion DNA synthesis. Specifically, we show that Pirh2, a target of the p53 tumor suppressor, monoubiquitinates PolH at one of multiple lysine residues.we show that monoubiquitination of PolH alters the ability of PolH to translocate to replication foci for translesion DNA synthesis of UV-induced DNA lesions.These results suggest that Pirh2 monoubiquitinates PolH at one of the four lysine residues (K682, K686, K694, and K709)." SIGNOR-272730 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 22262897 t Luana "Bicuculline treatment also leads to an increase in the levels of the transcriptional repressor MeCP2, which binds to the GluR2 promoter along with the corepressors HDAC1 and mSin3A." SIGNOR-264684 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11689688 t miannu "Here we report that CDK9 is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome whereas cyclin T1 is stable. SCF(SKP2) was recruited to CDK9/cyclin T1 via cyclin T1 in an interaction requiring its PEST domain. CDK9 ubiquitination was modulated by cyclin T1 and p45(SKP2). " SIGNOR-272666 DVL1P1 protein P54792 UNIPROT DAAM1 protein Q9Y4D1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Importantly, daam1 binds to disheveled (dvl) and thus functions downstream of the frizzled receptors. Little is known of how daam1 is localized and functions in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-199451 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CAPZA1 protein P52907 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 ADFDDRVsDEEKVRI 9606 15831458 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that ser9 of cpalpha is phosphorylated by protein kinase ck2 in vitro, that cpalpha is phosphorylated in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that ckip-1 and ck2 inhibit the activity of actin capping protein at the barbed ends of actin filaments." SIGNOR-135422 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CENPA protein P49450 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser7 sRKPEAPR 9606 BTO:0000567 11756469 t llicata "CENP-A–GST constructs were prepared in which Ser7 was mutated to alanine or glutamic acid. Phosphorylation of these proteins by Aurora B was reduced by 50%, demonstrating that Ser7 is a kinase substrate | Therefore, under the short term induction conditions used in these experiments, we can conclude that CENP-A Ser7 mutations do not grossly interfere with kinetochore formation, spindle assembly, or cell cycle progression." SIGNOR-250585 S protein P59594 UNIPROT EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18231581 t lperfetto "Coronavirus spike protein inhibits host cell translation by interaction with eIF3f" SIGNOR-260255 SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 21628332 f lperfetto "SOCS3 attenuates IL-6-induced STAT3 anti-inflammatory effects, as well as IL-4-induced insulin receptor substrate-2/PI3K-mediated gene expression." SIGNOR-249567 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9436979 t lperfetto "Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors signal by phosphorylating Smad1, which then associates with Smad4; this complex moves into the nucleus and activates transcription." SIGNOR-103615 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT MED28 protein Q9H204 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr64 ASLVSQDyVNGTDQE 9606 16899217 t gcesareni "Y64 of magicin is phosphorylated by lck creating a sh2-grb2 binding motif" SIGNOR-148704 canertinib chemical CHEBI:61399 ChEBI PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258094 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr235 YEKDDKLtPKIGFPW 9606 BTO:0000971 12769842 t llicata "Increased ezrin expression and activation by CDK5 coincident with acquisition of the senescent phenotype." SIGNOR-250665 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr753 ERDINSLyDVSRMYV -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249383 IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT SOCS2 protein O14508 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22291912 f miannu "SOCS2 induction by LPS was dependent on the type I IFN regulated transcription factors IRF1 and IRF3 as shown by using silencing RNAs for IRFs." SIGNOR-254495 EIF2B2 protein P49770 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269125 trametinib chemical CHEBI:75998 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck lperfetto SIGNOR-244871 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr325 GQLRGSAtRALPPGP 9606 BTO:0000007 10542239 t llicata "Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. T" SIGNOR-250811 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR HECTD2 protein Q5U5R9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271283 KPNA1 protein P52294 UNIPROT KPNB1 protein Q14974 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 17596301 t lperfetto "Although ORF6 causes a relocalization of KPNA2 from the cytosol to the ER/Golgi membrane, KPNA2 is not directly involved in the translocation of the STAT1:STAT2:IRF9 (ISGF3) complex into the nucleus; rather, KPNA1 interacts with KPNB1 to initiate ISGF3's nuclear localization." SIGNOR-260273 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr771 IGTAEPDyGALYEGR -1 7682059 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of purified phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and PLC-gamma 2 by src-family-protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) P56lck, p53/56lyn, p59hck, p59fyn, and p60src was studied in vitro. All five PTKs phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, suggesting that both PLC-gamma isozymes can be phosphorylated in cells by any of the src-family PTKs in response to the activation of cell surface receptors." SIGNOR-249361 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2L3 protein P68036 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271326 "EIF4E2/GIGYF1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C256 SIGNOR Protein_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH29 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 30917308 f lperfetto "4EHP forms complexes with the GYF domain-containing proteins GIGYF1 and GIGYF2, which are critical for this translational repression" SIGNOR-261012 KIF5B protein P33176 UNIPROT JAKMIP1 protein Q96N16 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 17532644 t SARA "Marlin-1 is associated with kinesin-I and suggest that the movement of Marlin-1 is mediated by plus end microtubuledependent molecular motors" SIGNOR-260989 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR PNN protein Q9H307 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003081 32203416 t miannu "Apo-PIWIL1 functions as a co-activator for APC/C ubiquitin ligase. Here, we show that in the absence of piRNAs, human PIWIL1 in PDAC functions as an oncoprotein by activating the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 complex, which then targets a critical cell adhesion-related protein, Pinin, to enhance PDAC metastasis." SIGNOR-272201 CEBPG protein P53567 UNIPROT LTF protein P02788 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 15588942 f miannu "C/EBP_ interacts with C/EBP_ through the leucine-zipper–containing domain. C/EBP_ and C/EBP_ synergistically activate transcription of lactoferrin promoter" SIGNOR-225015 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr487 SQKVVVTtPLHRDKT 9606 9840932 t lperfetto "The cell-cycle regulated transcription factor b-myb is phosphorylated by cyclin a/cdk2 at sites that enhance its transactivation properties. we show that b-myb is phosphorylated at thr447, thr490, thr497 and ser581 by cyclin a/cdk2" SIGNOR-217260 GRIK2 protein Q13002 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264343 chlorpromazine chemical CHEBI:3647 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258371 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIK5 protein Q16478 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 27586965 t miannu "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its biological activity through a variety of receptors. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are divided into two major classes on the basis of the mechanism by which they relay their signal: the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated cation channels, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that are G protein-coupled receptors" SIGNOR-264474 CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264454 LSM-1231 chemical CHEBI:91471 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258237 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 10196136 t lperfetto "We have recently found that Dvl-1 directly binds to Axin and that the binding of Dvl-1 to Axin does not affect the interaction of GSK-3beta with Axin. It is possible that the binding of Dvl to Axin induces the structural change of the Axin complex; therefore GSK-3beta does not effectively phosphorylate Axin. This is the first demostration showing that Dvl inhibits the function of GSK-3beta directly." SIGNOR-227917 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT LIPE protein Q05469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr891 NSETSSDtPEMSLSA 10090 BTO:0000944 11581251 t lperfetto "Thus, activation of the ERK pathway appears to be able to regulate adipocyte lipolysis by phosphorylating HSL on Ser(600) and increasing the activity of HSL." SIGNOR-249413 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr334 ALPPGPPtGATANRL 9606 BTO:0000007 10542239 t llicata "Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. T" SIGNOR-250812 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23339905 t gcesareni "He mGR appears to reside in caveolae and its association with caveolin-1 (Cav-1) was clearly detected in two of the four cell lines investigated using double recognition proximity ligation assay." SIGNOR-251683 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDKN2D protein P55273 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser76 VQDTSGTsPVHDAAR 9606 22558186 t lperfetto "Cdk2 and pka were found to participate in p19ink4d phosphorylation process and that they would mediate serine 76 and threonine 141 modifications respectively. Nuclear translocation of p19ink4d induced by dna damage was shown to be dependent on serine 76 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-197270 "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14967450 t miannu "All erbb ligands and receptors couple to activation of the ras-mapk pathway, either directly through sh2 domain-mediated recruitment of grb-2 or indirectly through ptb domain-mediated binding of the shc adaptor" SIGNOR-256162 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI RORB protein Q92753 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 12958591 t miannu "ATRA and related retinoids inhibit ROR beta but not ROR alpha transcriptional activity suggesting that high-affinity, subtype-specific ligands could be designed for the identification of ROR beta target genes. Our results identify ROR beta as a retinoid-regulated nuclear receptor, providing a novel pathway for retinoid action." SIGNOR-266845 NOD2 protein Q9HC29 UNIPROT Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 19898471 f miannu "Autophagy is emerging as a crucial defense mechanism against bacteria, but the host intracellular sensors responsible for inducing autophagy in response to bacterial infection remain unknown. Here we demonstrated that the intracellular sensors Nod1 and Nod2 are critical for the autophagic response to invasive bacteria." SIGNOR-252403 DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 30745319 t miannu "Our findings now further suggest that STAT3 and the adaptor protein SH2D2A interact with tyrosine‐containing motifs within the DSCAM/L1 ICDs. The SH2 domains of both STAT3 and SH2D2A are known to bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the context of such motifs. Thus, the interactions between DSCAMs and SH2‐domain containing proteins seem to play a central and conserved role in Dscam signaling in the context of dynamic changes of tyrosine‐phosphorylation levels." SIGNOR-264277 SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT Protein_aggregates phenotype SIGNOR-PH142 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0004488 29371591 t "P00441:p.Gly94Ala (mutation causing interaction); P00441:p.Gly86Arg (mutation causing interaction)" "Incubating SOD1G93A or SOD1G85R, another well-established misfolded SOD1 mutant, in the absence of recombinant MIF resulted in an exponential increase in thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence (which correlates with amyloid aggregate formation)" SIGNOR-262796 ARAP3 protein Q8WWN8 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260456 EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT EIF2AK2 protein P19525 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr258 DMKETKYtVDKRFGM 9606 11152499 t tpavlidou "We previously identified four autophosphorylated amino acids and elucidated their participation in pkr activation.Replacement Of all four of these residues in pkr with alanines did not dramatically affect kinase activity in vitro or in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.However, when coupled with mutations of serine 242 and threonines 255 and 258 in the central region, these mutations increased pkr protein expression in mammalian cells, consistent with diminished kinase activity." SIGNOR-85777 FGF4 protein P08620 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8663044 t gcesareni "The nine known fgf ligands and the four signaling fgf receptors (and their alternatively spliced variants) are expressed in specific spatial and temporal patterns. The activity of this signaling pathway is regulated by ligand binding specificity, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and the differential signaling capacity of individual fgf receptors." SIGNOR-42377 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser170 PSALNRTsSDSALHT 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21892142 t gcesareni "Collectively, these findings suggest ampk suppresses glucose production through two transcriptional effects:reduced expression of creb targets via crtc inactivation and reduced expression of foxo target genes via class iia hdac inactivation" SIGNOR-176426 AP1S1 protein P61966 UNIPROT "AP-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C248 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21097499 t lperfetto "Key components of this system are the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP)4 complexes, AP-1 (gamma-beta1-mi1-sigma1), AP-2 (α-beta2-mi2-sigma2), AP-3 (delta-beta3-mi3-sigma3), and AP-4 (epsilon-beta4-mi4-sigma4) (subunit composition shown in parentheses)" SIGNOR-260684 UHMK1 protein Q8TAS1 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 9606 12093740 t lperfetto "Hkis is a nuclear protein that binds the c-terminal domain of p27(kip1) and phosphorylates it on s10 in vitro and in vivo, promoting its nuclear export to the cytoplasm.Phosphorylation at serine 10, a major phosphorylation site of p27(kip1), increases its protein stability" SIGNOR-90274 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16606617 t irozzo "We also show that ASXL1 associates specifically with SRC-1 and cooperates synergistically in the transcriptional activation. Further data indicated that the transactivation domain (AD; amino acids 300–655) of ASXL1, newly defined in this study, interacts with the C-terminal AD2 (amino acids 1217–1441) of SRC-1, suggesting that one AD cooperates with the other AD in transcriptional activation by RAR." SIGNOR-255931 PSPC1 protein Q8WXF1 UNIPROT "LMX1B/SFPQ/PSPC1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C106 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000669 23308148 t miannu "LMX1B is part of a transcriptional complex with PSPC1 and PSF. This complex was observed in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-223973 HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to G6P, using ATP as a phosphoryl donor." SIGNOR-266456 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser312 ALDLEESsSSDHAER 10029 BTO:0000246 7876239 t "The alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor (alpha 2AAR) undergoes rapid functional desensitization caused by phosphorylation of the receptor by the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK). beta ARK-mediated phosphorylation of alpha 2C10 occurs at Ser-296-299 in the third intracellular loop, and this represents the critical step in rapid agonist-promoted desensitization." SIGNOR-251441 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT SLC12A2 protein P55011 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 16990453 t lperfetto "This phosphorylation event activates PASK, which in turn phosphorylates and activates NKCC1" SIGNOR-264642 4-[4-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-N-[4-[[(2R)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(phenylthio)butan-2-yl]amino]-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]sulfonylbenzamide chemical CHEBI:94128 ChEBI BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189150 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser363 TSRTPKDsPGIPPSA 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-250554 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser543 SLLSTLSsPGPKLDN 9606 BTO:0000093 15383283 t miannu "P38 MAPK and JNK can phosphorylate multiple sites on SRC-3, including S505, S543, S860, and S867. Our results suggest that several kinases are important for phosphorylating SRC-3 and enhancing its interaction with DNA-dependent transcription factors and other coactivators." SIGNOR-250104 E4F1 protein Q66K89 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys321 SSPQPKKkPLDGEYF 9606 BTO:0001938 17110336 t miannu "E4F1 Has an Intrinsic Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Activity that Drives K48-type Ubiquitylation of p53. These data demonstrate that E4F1 stimulates the ubiquitylation of p53 on the lysine cluster K319–K321, i.e., at sites distinct from those targeted by Hdm2. p53 forms Ubiquitylated by E4F1 Are Localized on Chromatin. In striking contrast with Ub-p53 forms stimulated by Hdm2, which are mainly cytosoluble and targeted to the proteasome, we found that E4F1-stimulated Ub-p53 forms are tightly associated with chromatin, suggesting that they could be involved in transcription." SIGNOR-271395 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Identification of tyrosine phosphatases that dephosphorylate the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-75989 SOX2 protein P48431 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001086 16153702 f flangone "Our results suggest that OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG contribute to pluripotency and self-renewal by activating their own genes and genes encoding components of key signaling pathways and by repressing genes that are key to developmental processes." SIGNOR-242064 "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II" complex SIGNOR-C278 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 26083061 t lperfetto "Respiratory chain complexes I–III depend on Fe-S clusters for function" SIGNOR-262136 KAT8 protein Q9H7Z6 UNIPROT "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16227571 t miannu "We describe a stable, multisubunit human histone acetyltransferase complex (hMSL) that contains homologs of the Drosophila dosage compensation proteins MOF, MSL1, MSL2, and MSL3. This complex shows strong specificity for histone H4 lysine 16 in chromatin in vitro, and RNA interference-mediated knockdown experiments reveal that it is responsible for the majority of H4 acetylation at lysine 16 in the cell." SIGNOR-263943 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 15994958 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-138479 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT CTDP1 protein Q9Y5B0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser575 AGESLDQsMEEEEEE 9606 BTO:0000567 12591939 t llicata "We found that only phosphorylated FCP1 can physically interact with TFIIF. We set out to purify an FCP1 kinase from HeLa cells and identified casein kinase 2, which, surprisingly, displayed a negative effect on FCP1-associated activities.| Phosphorylation of FCP1 by CK2 Inhibits the Transcription Elongation Activity of FCP1. | Two in vivo phosphorylation sites within the C terminus of FCP1 at Ser-575 and Ser-740 were identified" SIGNOR-250985 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 10195903 t "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-248695 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-51939 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PDIA3 protein P30101 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr445 ANDVPSPyEVRGFPT -1 8631326 t miannu "Lyn phosphorylates tyrosine residues Y444, Y453 and Y466 which are located in a highly acidic region of the protein at the C-terminus. Upon phosphorylation, p57 forms a complex with Lyn which can be immunoprecipitated with anti-Lyn IgG. The association which occurs between the phosphorylated substrate and the SH2 domain of the kinase is consistent with the suggested 'processive phosphorylation' model, which implies that a primary phosphorylation site of the substrate binds to the SH2 domain of the enzyme and triggers the phosphorylation at secondary site(s)." SIGNOR-262894 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1924 SPTSPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176829 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT ZRANB1 protein Q9UGI0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser209 RWRGSCSsGNSQRRS 9606 BTO:0000007 30686098 t miannu "Interestingly, ZRANB1 is phosphorylated at Thr35, and Ser209 residues by CSNK1A1, and this phosphorylation activates its deubiquitinating activity." SIGNOR-273621 "Food intake" phenotype SIGNOR-PH152 SIGNOR "vitamin K" smallmolecule CHEBI:28384 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 31226734 f lperfetto "Vitamin K obtained from the diet is considered to reach the target tissues via lipid absorption and the transport system " SIGNOR-265899 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001914 23887393 t gcesareni "Here, we report that PDK1 directly induces phosphorylation of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which in turn induces MYC phosphorylation and protein accumulation. We show that PDK1-PLK1-MYC signaling is critical for cancer cell growth and survival, and small-molecule inhibition of PDK1/PLK1 provides an effective approach for therapeutic targeting of MYC dependency" SIGNOR-243519 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR HYAL1 protein Q12794 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004796 18718911 f miannu "In 253J-Lung and HT1376 bladder cancer cell lines, which show high HYAL-1 expression, transcription factors Egr-1, AP-2, and NFκB bind the HYAL-1 promoter. Because both SP1 and Egr-1 have two overlapping binding sites within the promoter (Fig. 5), it appears that although SP1 binding to the methylated HYAL-1 promoter turns off transcription, binding of Erg-1 (and also AP-2) to the unmethylated promoter turns on transcription." SIGNOR-253880 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27571105 t areggio "Although there are other activators of PCP, Wnt5a can activate the PCP pathway by forming a complex with Fzd and Ror2 receptors, activating DVL, which in turn activates Rho-family small GTPases, including RhoA and Rac, and their downstream effectors, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), the actin-binding protein, Filamin A and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)" SIGNOR-258972 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 20395206 t gcesareni "With epidermal growth factor treatment, overexpression of erk8 in jb6 cl41 cells caused an increased phosphorylation of c-jun at ser(63) and ser(73), resulting in increased activator protein-1 transactivation." SIGNOR-164800 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser27 EYVQTVKsSKGGPGS 9606 24103589 t lperfetto "The authors identified several phosphorylated residues by a combination of peptide mapping and sequence analysis and showed that recombinant pp60c-src phosphorylates annexin a1 near its amino terminus, at tyrosine 21 (tyr21). Also polyoma virus middle t/pp60c-src complex, recombinant pp50v-abl, and the egf receptor/kinase phosphorylated the same tyrosine residue. It was also shown that serine 27 residue of anxa1 is the primary site phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc). In the same study, the threonine 41 residue has been identified as a pkc substrate as well. The adenosine cyclic 3_,5_-phosphate dependent protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylates anxa1 in its carboxyl-terminal core at the threonine 216 residue (thr216) [2].The phosphorylation of serine 27 is essential for annexin a1 membrane localization." SIGNOR-202788 HSPA1B protein P0DMV9 UNIPROT PACRG protein Q96M98 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding -1 12150907 t miannu "Our in vitro data suggest that CHIP competes with Hsp70 in binding to Parkin, probably via suppression of the ATPase activity of Hsc/Hsp70 (Figure 4E).In fact, it acts as an inhibitory factor that suppresses the ubiquitination of Pael-R mediated by Parkin in vitro, and Hsp70 enhances the efficiency of folding of overexpressed Pael-R in vivo." SIGNOR-272891 SLC2A5 protein P22732 UNIPROT D-fructofuranose smallmolecule CHEBI:37721 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28083649 t "Although increased dietary fructose consumption is associated with metabolic impairments, the mechanisms and regulation of intestinal fructose absorption are poorly understood. GLUT5 is considered to be the main intestinal fructose transporter." SIGNOR-267493 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT ACOT4 protein Q8N9L9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 33148467 t lperfetto "HSPA1A binds unphosphorylated ACOT4 and promotes its degradation" SIGNOR-271819 IL12A protein P29459 UNIPROT IL12RB2 protein Q99665 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11086056 t gcesareni "Il-12r beta 2 plays an essential role in mediating the biological functions of il-12 in mice." SIGNOR-84361 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr759 LYDVSRMyVDPSEIN 9606 BTO:0000776 11606584 t gcesareni "By measuring the ability of human plcgamma2 to restore calcium responses to the b-cell receptor stimulation or oxidative stress in a b-cell line (dt40) deficient in plcgamma2, we have demonstrated that two tyrosine residues, tyr(753) and tyr(759), were important for the plcgamma2 signaling function.Of the two kinases that previously have been proposed to phosphorylate plcgamma2, btk, and syk, purified btk had much greater ability to phosphorylate recombinant plcgamma2 in vitro, whereas syk efficiently phosphorylated adapter protein blnk." SIGNOR-111073 TRIM71 protein Q2Q1W2 UNIPROT LIN28B protein Q6ZN17 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001950 24602972 t miannu "In cells, TRIM71 negatively regulates Lin28B protein stability by catalyzing polyubiquitination. " SIGNOR-272054 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DLDRIAAsMRALVLR -1 SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR-C3 18372248 t lperfetto "We propose that after mtorc1 kinase activation by upstream regulators, pras40 is phosphorylated directly by mtor, thus contributing to the relief of pras40-mediated substrate competitionwe also find that mutation of ser-221 to ala increases the inhibitory activity of pras40 toward mtorc1." SIGNOR-178128 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT KIF1C protein O43896 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1092 PRMRRQRsAPDLKES -1 10559254 t llicata "Serine 1092 was a substrate for the protein kinase casein kinase II in vitro, and inhibition of casein kinase II in cells diminished the association of KIF1C with 14-3-3gamma. Our data thus suggest that KIF1C can form dimers and is associated with proteins of the 14-3-3 family." SIGNOR-250912 FBXO11 protein Q86XK2 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates neddylation Lys320 SSSPQPKkKPLDGEY 9606 17098746 t miannu "Fbxo11 promotes the neddylation of p53 and inhibits its transcriptional activity / we found that fbxo11 also neddylates p53 on two lysines, lys-320 and lys-321" SIGNOR-150669 RALBP1 protein Q15311 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260513 IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT "IL17R complex" complex SIGNOR-C260 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001946 32024054 t lperfetto "Importantly, IL-17 was involved in increased collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts in response to HG, with both subunits of the IL-17RA and IL-17RC heterodimer complex being important to mediating this response." SIGNOR-261337 HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256721 oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "peptide antigen" smallmolecule CHEBI:166824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31810556 t scontino "Within the phagosome, the internalized antigens are partially degraded by Cathepsin S and the GILT complex, a necessary step for further export to cytosol." SIGNOR-267863 "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19454274 t "The PFKFB enzymes synthesize fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) which allosterically activates 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1), a rate-limiting enzyme and essential control point in the glycolytic pathway. PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP when energy stores are abundant and F2,6BP can override this inhibition and enhance glucose uptake and glycolytic flux" SIGNOR-267267 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT PECAM1 protein P16284 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr713 KKDTETVySEVRKAV 9606 BTO:0000007 12972546 t miannu "PECAM-1 Is Phosphorylated by Fer and, To a Lesser Extent, by Fes. These results suggest that Fer not only functions as a tyrosine kinase for PECAM-1 but also that Fer modulates the downstream signaling of PECAM-1 by inducing phosphorylation of SHP-2 and Gab1." SIGNOR-262868 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 SVPEFPLsPPKKKDL 9606 BTO:0001271 7637391 t gcesareni "Op18 is multisite phosphorylated on four ser residues during mitosis;two of these ser residues, ser-25 and ser-38, are targets for cyclin-dependent protein kinases. our findings suggest that stathmin phosphorylation in reh6 cells could be in part mediated by pkc activation." SIGNOR-30357 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr426 TEVEDTLtPPPSDAG 9606 BTO:0000567 16825193 t lperfetto "The transcription factor SREBP1 is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system following phosphorylation of Thr426 and Ser430 in its phosphodegron. We now demonstrate that the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of these residues in SREBP1 is enhanced in response to specific DNA binding" SIGNOR-236649 DICER1 protein Q9UPY3 UNIPROT RISC(DICER1/AGO2/TARBP2) complex SIGNOR-C32 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16142218 t lperfetto "Dicer and trbp interact in vivo and in vitro /our data indicate that trbp is primarily required for the assembly and/or functioning of si_ or mi_riscs in mammalian cells, but it may also facilitate the cleavage of pre_mirnas by dicer." SIGNOR-140223 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser664 KKTSGPLsPPTGPPG 9606 15851026 t llicata "Here, we show that erk may play a critical role in tsc progression through posttranslational inactivation of tsc2. s664 is the primary erk phosphorylation site on tsc2 in vitro and in vivo" SIGNOR-135696 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT MC5R protein P33032 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11785979 t gcesareni "The purpose of this study was to identify the peptide that functions as a natural ligand at the mc5r in the skin. alpha-msh, acth1-39, acth1-17, acth1-10, and acth4-10 all increased the production of camp in hek293 cells transfected with the mouse mc5r. alpha-msh and acth1-17 were the most potent in this respect. In addition, all peptides stimulated a rapid and transient increase in [ca(2+)](i)." SIGNOR-114058 ZC3H12A protein Q5D1E8 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 30842549 t "Here, we show that Regnase-1 regulates self-renewal of HSPCs through modulating the stability of Gata2 and Tal1 mRNA" SIGNOR-259943 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 17298674 t miannu "Cdk2 (S384) and GSK3 (T380) prime cyclin E for destruction. The hyper-phosphorylated T380/S384 degron has high affinity for monomeric Fbw7α, which engages the remainder of the SCF to initiate cyclin E's ubiquitination by an E2 enzyme" SIGNOR-271643 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "Lar ptpase shows strong preference for dephosphorylation first at py5 (at tri-, di-, and monophosphotyrosyl levels). Initially this regioselectivity gives the y5(py9)(py10) diphospho regioisomer, followed by equal dephosphorylation at py9 or py10 to give the corresponding monophosphoryl species on the way to fully dephosphorylated product." SIGNOR-76009 MLH1/PMS2 complex SIGNOR-C59 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 29175432 f "MLH1 and PMS2 proteins form the MutLα heterodimer, which plays a major role in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in humans" SIGNOR-257600 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270407 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser100 DEDSGKGsQPPSPPS 9606 20305697 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-164613 GALR3 protein O60755 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256862 DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 7227 22162134 t lperfetto "The expression of dx, which physically interacts with notch, favors a mono-ubiquitinated state of the receptor, which leads to a ligand-independent intracellular activation of notch" SIGNOR-219269 SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 20852628 t gcesareni "We now show that the F-box protein Fbw7 interacts with and thereby destabilizes c-Myc in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of MB1. Whereas wild-type Fbw7 promoted c-Myc turnover in cells, an Fbw7 mutant lacking the F-box domain delayed it." SIGNOR-243757 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UHRF1 protein Q96T88 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271020 SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT PSMD4 protein P55036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 19240029 t miannu "S5a/Rpn10 is a ubiquitin (Ub)-binding protein that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome but also exists free in the cytosol. It binds poly-Ub chains through its two Ub-interacting motifs (UIMs). We discovered that, unlike typical substrates of Ub ligases (E3s), S5a can be ubiquitinated by all E3s tested including multimeric and monomeric Ring finger E3s (MuRF1, Siah2, Parkin, APC, and SCF(betaTRCP1)), the U-box E3, CHIP, and HECT domain E3s (E6AP and Nedd4) when assayed with UbcH5 or related Ub-conjugating enzymes.The short half-life of S5a presumably is because of the presence of the UIM domain and reflects the ubiquitination of free S5a by many E3s." SIGNOR-272748 MMP25 protein Q9NPA2 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272369 BAG5 protein Q9UL15 UNIPROT HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 15603737 t Monia "Here, we show that BAG5, a BAG domain-containing family member, interacts with both Hsp70 and parkin with deleterious functional consequences. Through these interactions, BAG5 inhibits Hsp70 chaperone activity and parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity; Thus, BAG5 interacts with Hsp70 in vitro and in vivo, and substitution of select residues within the BAG domains is sufficient to abolish this interaction." SIGNOR-261196 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0001271 BTO:0000671 14551213 t gcesareni "The activation of stat-3 is regulated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 by receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases these include epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) kinase,92 src,5 janus-activated kinases (jak), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)a constitutively active galpha16 mutant, galpha16ql, stimulated stat3-dependent luciferase activity as well as the phosphorylation of stat3 at both tyr705 and ser727. Galpha16ql-induced stat3 activation was enhanced by overexpression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1" SIGNOR-118600 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A5/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C163 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259017 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20622900 t miannu "These two KIM sites are found at N- and C-terminal locations on hScrib, and both are essential for directing the interaction between ERK and hScrib, but with the C-terminal site having the strongest affinity for ERK. One of the most likely consequences of this interaction is to inhibit ERK translocation to the nucleus." SIGNOR-263067 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT ROR1 protein Q01973 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Ror1 and ror2 bind wnt5a." SIGNOR-199644 Hexocyclium chemical CHEBI:5707 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258397 ACOT8 protein O14734 UNIPROT glutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57378 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271814 IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29090344 t miannu "Two of the most commonly mutated genes in AML encode for two isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), IDH1 and IDH2. IDH1 and IDH2 are two isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase that perform crucial roles in cellular metabolism. Somatic mutations in either of these two genes impart a neomorphic enzymatic activity upon the encoded enzymes resulting in the ability to convert √鬱-ketoglutarate (√鬱KG) into the oncometabolite R2-hydroxyglutarate (R2-HG), which can competitively inhibit multiple √鬱KG-dependent dioxygenases." SIGNOR-253135 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MCRIP1 protein C9JLW8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 25728771 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "When phosphorylated by ERK, MCRIP1 dissociates from CtBP, allowing CtBP to interact with ZEB1. In this manner, the CtBP co-repressor complex is recruited to, and silences, the E-cadherin promoter by inducing chromatin modifications.| While substitution of S4 or S18 with Ala did not affect the phosphorylation of MCRIP1 by ERK, substitution of either S21 or T30 significantly reduced MCRIP1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-270092 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002572 28646232 t Gianni "We demonstrate that insulin-mediated activation of ERK1/2 results in phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 independently of Akt/mTORC1 activity in Tsc2 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that inhibition of ERK1/2 rescues GSK3β activity and restores protein synthesis in Tsc2 −/− MEFs to normal levels" SIGNOR-262521 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RBSN protein Q9H1K0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser215 ESLSTHTsPSQSPNS 9606 16138080 t lperfetto "We found that p38alpha can phosphorylate the rab5 effectors eea1 and rabenosyn-5 on thr-1392 and ser-215, respectively, and these phosphorylation events regulate the recruitment of eea1 and rabenosyn-5 to membranes" SIGNOR-140143 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser68 LRDAIRQsNQILRER 9606 SIGNOR-C14 17977820 t lperfetto "In this study we analyze the ikkbeta-mediated phosphorylation of the ikk-binding domain of nemo. In vitro, ikkbeta phosphorylates three serine residues in the domain of nemo at positions 43, 68, and 85. However, mutational analysis revealed that only the phosphorylation of serine 68 in the center of the ikk-binding domain plays an essential role for the formation and the function of the ikk complex. Thus, ser(68) phosphorylation attenuates the amino-terminal dimerization of nemo as well as the ikkbeta-nemo interaction. I" SIGNOR-209788 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257324 ERC1 protein Q8IUD2 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 15218148 t lperfetto "Elks likely functions by recruiting ikappabalpha to the ikk complex and thus serves a regulatory function for ikk activation." SIGNOR-217448 COLGALT2 protein Q8IYK4 UNIPROT COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation -1 19075007 t "Recombinant GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 enzymes showed a strong galactosyltransferase activity toward various types of collagen and toward the serum mannose-binding lectin MBL, which contains a collagen domain. Amino acid analysis of the products of GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 reactions confirmed the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine residues." SIGNOR-261156 NEFM protein P07197 UNIPROT "Neurofilament bundle assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH72 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 8376466 f miannu "Neurofilaments (NFs), composed of three distinct subunits NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H, are neuron-specific intermediate filaments present in most mature neurons." SIGNOR-252391 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser303 DPDAKGLsDPGKIKR -1 12740371 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that AMPK directly phosphorylates HNF4alpha and represses its transcriptional activity. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of HNF4alpha on serine 304 had a 2-fold effect, reducing the ability of the transcription factor to form homodimers and bind DNA and increasing its degradation rate in vivo." SIGNOR-263106 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser632 LVVSRNLsPPNCTEL 9606 BTO:0000150 17334399 t lperfetto "In particular, we have identified ser 632 of brca1 as a cyclin d1/cdk4 phosphorylation site in vitro. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we observed that the inhibition of cyclin d1/cdk4 activity resulted in increased brca1 dna binding at particular promoters in vivo." SIGNOR-216984 NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24012335 t "The opposite changes in Lats/YAP and Mst1/2 phosphorylation upon loss of NF2 therefore argue against the generally assumed linear model in which NF2 signals through activation of Mst1/2" flangone "As expected, the nf2-/- fc-912 cells were defective in lats1/2 phosphorylation (figure s2e-f). Subcellular fractionation revealed a significant increase of endogenous lats1/2 in the cytoplasmic relative to the membrane fraction in the nf2-/- fc-912 schwann cells compared to the nf2+/+ fh-912 schwann cells (figure 2e). This localization defect was rescued by re-expression of nf2" SIGNOR-202607 NGF protein P01138 UNIPROT NGFR protein P08138 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10764727 t gcesareni "The low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75ntr can mediate cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells by ngf and other neurotrophins." SIGNOR-76832 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr516 GASKRLQtICMSGTG 9606 20448038 t lperfetto "Overexpression of pp2a catalytic subunit (pp2ac) beta-isoform results in dephosphorylation of mekk3 at thr-516 and ser-520 and termination of mekk3-mediated nf-kappab activation." SIGNOR-165237 "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 18593525 t gcesareni "The hrh1 predominantly couples to g?q/11 proteins, leading to the activation of phospholipase c (plc) and subsequent release of the second messengers inositol trisphosphate (ip3) and diacylglycerol (dag) followed by the activation of pkc and the release of [ca2+]i." SIGNOR-179291 BCL10 protein O95999 UNIPROT IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C14 18287044 t gcesareni "Here, we show that bcl10 undergoes k63-linked polyubiquitination in response to t cell activation and subsequently binds nemo, the regulatory subunit of ikk." SIGNOR-160967 CYTH2 protein Q99418 UNIPROT ARF6 protein P62330 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10116 BTO:0003102 14565977 t miannu "Effects of ARNO upon Axonogenesis Are Mediated by Downstream Activation of ARF6. ARNO/ARF6 signaling pathways that could modulate actin reorganization in the axonal growth cone. ARNO stimulates GTP exchange on ARF6, thereby increasing the amount of active ARF6." SIGNOR-264910 venlafaxine chemical CHEBI:9943 ChEBI SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9615 20378347 t Luana "The cycloalkanol ethylamine scaffold was successfully utilized in the discovery and development of dual serotonin (5-HT)/norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).1 Drugs such as venlafaxine (1) and duloxetine (2) possessing norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, either selectively or in combination with serotonin reuptake inhibition were approved for major depressive disorder (MDD)." SIGNOR-257835 GDP smallmolecule CHEBI:17552 ChEBI GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 12040175 t gcesareni "Agonist binding triggers a conformational change in the receptor, which catalyses the dissociation of gdp from the alfa subunit followed by gtp-binding to galfa and the dissociation of galfa from gbetagamma subunits1." SIGNOR-88229 LSM-1231 chemical CHEBI:91471 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258236 LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" relocalization 9606 11336703 t lperfetto "Lrp-5, a close homolog of lrp-6 (hey et al., 1998), functions as a coreceptor for wnt proteins in mammalian cells and that it can transduce the canonical wnt signals, at least in part by binding and recruiting axin to membranes" SIGNOR-227930 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001593 16880529 f lperfetto "Finally, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) stimulates BMP-2 promoter activity and osteoblast differentiation, and the effects of Shh are mediated by Gli2." SIGNOR-148349 CPT1C protein Q8TCG5 UNIPROT O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine smallmolecule CHEBI:17490 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267131 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14977528 t gcesareni "Gpcrs signal through four relatively small families of galfa proteins (galfas, galfai/o, galfaq, and galfa12/13), and if fzd receptors are classic gpcrs, they should signal through one of these four galfa families." SIGNOR-122892 YES1 protein P07947 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr17 AEIGVGAyGTVYKAR 9606 18479465 t lperfetto "We purified tyrosine 17 kinases from hela cells and found that the src family non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-yes contributes a large fraction of the tyrosine 17 kinase activity in hela lysatesthis site is equivalent to tyrosine 15 of cyclin dependent kinase 1, which undergoes inhibitory phosphorylation by wee1 and myt1" SIGNOR-178624 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT PPP1R14C protein Q8TAE6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr73 RHQQGKVtVKYDRKE 9606 12804574 t lperfetto "Pka predominantly phosphorylated a site distinct from the inhibitory t73 in kepi. Integrin-linked kinase phosphorylated KEPI (T73) and this dramatically increased inhibition of PP1c" SIGNOR-101835 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DRB1 protein P01911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 t "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253977 RPLP1 protein P05386 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262450 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255097 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AZ2 protein Q71UI9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265410 paliperidone chemical CHEBI:82978 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0001311 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258560 SEC23B protein Q15437 UNIPROT UBA52 protein P62987 UNIPROT unknown binding 30605680 t lperfetto "We validate the genotype-specific differential SEC23B–UBA52 (ribosomal protein RPL40) interaction." SIGNOR-265305 SCF-SKP2 complex SIGNOR-C136 SIGNOR IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination phosphorylation:Thr157 GKVEITYtPSDGTQK 34929314 t lperfetto "During the cell cycle S phase, Cyclin A-CDK2 phosphorylates IDH1 on its Threonine 157 residue (Threonine 197 in IDH2) to facilitate its recognition and ubiquitination by Skp2 E3 ubiquitin, followed by degradation through 26S proteasome" SIGNOR-267623 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT SH3BP5 protein O60239 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser351 PGSLDLPsPVSLSEF -1 15158451 t miannu "Activated SAPK3 phosphorylates the mitochondrial protein Sab. we have identified serine 321 as the major site of phosphorylation by both SAPK3 and JNK2. SAPK3 but not JNK2 also phosphorylates serine 391" SIGNOR-250140 brimonidine chemical CHEBI:3175 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258900 B2M protein P61769 UNIPROT "Class I MHC" complex SIGNOR-C425 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 28367149 t scontino "One Ig domain is present in each chain of MHC class II, while the second Ig-type domain of MHC class I is provided by non-covalent association of the invariant light chain beta-2 microglobulin (beta2m) with the HC.|The MHC class I HC folds and assembles with beta2m in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)" SIGNOR-267777 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 10841026 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "More interestingly, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of MITF at Ser 73 is essential for MITF ubiquitinilation and degradation (87). Putting together all these findings, it can be proposed that MAPK activation inhibits melanogenesis due to an increased MITF degradation which is dependent on the MAPK-induced MITF phosphorylation and ubiquitinilation. In summary, although the phosphorylation of MITF at Ser73 increases its intrinsic transcriptional activity, this phosphorylation also targets MITF to the proteasome for its degradation. Consequently, the decrease in MITF levels leads to a down-regulation of melanogenic enzymes expression and to an inhibition of melanogenesis." SIGNOR-270029 "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR "PAX7/MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C91 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 t miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198623 CDS1 protein Q92903 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25375833 t lperfetto "CDP-diacylglycerol synthases (CDS) are critical enzymes that catalyze the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid (PA)." SIGNOR-267018 ACOT4 protein Q8N9L9 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271806 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 15870696 f miannu "Valproate (VPA) induces silencing of the ERalpha, cyclin D1 and pS2 promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrates that VPA induces recruitment of the 5-MeCpG binding protein MeCP2 to the ERalpha A promoter and also to the pS2 and cyclin D1 promoters" SIGNOR-254573 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser250 TGSPAELsPTTLSPV 9606 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248298 HIF1AN protein Q9NWT6 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR down-regulates hydroxylation 9606 18299578 t gcesareni "We show that fih-1 hydroxylates notch icd at two residues (n(1945) and n(2012)) that are critical for the function of notch icd as a transactivator within cells and during neurogenesis and myogenesis in vivo. Fih-1 negatively regulates notch activity and accelerates myogenic differentiation." SIGNOR-254324 NCAPG2 protein Q86XI2 UNIPROT "Condensin II" complex SIGNOR-C342 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263911 STK24 protein Q9Y6E0 UNIPROT RAB8A protein P61006 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr72 AGQERFRtITTAYYR -1 32227113 t lperfetto "In a screen for Rab8A kinases we identify TAK1 and MST3 kinases that can efficiently phosphorylate the Switch II residue Threonine72 (Thr72) in a similar manner as LRRK2 in vitro. |Overall our data suggests that the phosphorylation of Rab8A at Ser111 may influence Switch II-binding by regulators, thus disrupting interactions with its cognate GEF and moderately impairs its interaction with GAPs.|The antagonistic interplay between Ser111 phosphorylation and Thr72 phosphorylation is genetically concordant with how respective mutations in PINK1 and LRRK2 cause Parkinson’s disease" SIGNOR-260265 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser486 RPLSRAQsSPAAPAS 9606 18339811 t "Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. |Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs." SIGNOR-248606 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser108 WKLRARPsLTVTPRR 9606 BTO:0000567 21658950 t miannu "Here, we show that Aurora B phosphorylates Haspin to promote generation of H3T3ph and that Aurora B kinase activity is required for normal chromosomal localization of the CPC, indicating an intimate linkage between Aurora B and Haspin functions in mitosis." SIGNOR-263137 WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA. Alternative splicing produces two forms of hTrpRS in human cells: full-length hTrpRS (residues 1-471) and mini-hTrpRS (residues 48-471)" SIGNOR-270512 HIF3A protein Q9Y2N7 UNIPROT EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 21479871 t Luana "None of the long HIF-3α variants was capable of efficient induction of an HRE reporter in overexpression experiments, but instead inhibited the transcriptional activation of the reporter by HIF-1 and HIF-2. " SIGNOR-261616 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser191 HRFRRQLsEPCNSFP 452646 11551945 t miannu "MK2 phosphorylates ER81 in vitro within its central inhibitory domain, and overexpression of MK2 leads to increased in vivo phosphorylation of ER81. Two serine residues, ER81 amino acids 191 and 216, were identified as MK2 phosphorylation sites. MK2 suppresses basal ER81-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-250145 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser637 VDLSKVTsKCGSLGN -1 9199504 t miannu "Phosphorylation of tau by SAPK3 and SAPK4 markedly reduced the ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly. SAPK3 (also called ERK6 and p38) and SAPK4 phosphorylate recombinant tau protein at multiple Ser/Thr-Pro sites that are hyperphosphorylated in PHF-tau, with SAPK4 and SAPK3 being the most effective." SIGNOR-250085 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t gcesareni "Taz has been shown to interact with smad2 and smad3 through its coiled-coil region, and to be important in maintaining the nuclear localization of smad2 and smad3 as well as the expression of their target genes in response to tgf-b signaling and, thus, in the maintenance of human esc self-renewal." SIGNOR-169835 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDC6 protein Q99741 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser54 RVKALPLsPRKRLGD 9606 SIGNOR-C83 9889196 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of mammalian cdc6 by cyclin a/cdk2 regulates its subcellular localization/based on our data we suggest that the phosphorylation of cdc6 by cyclin a/cdk2 is a negative regulatory event that could be implicated in preventing re-replication during s phase and g2." SIGNOR-63891 TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21876188 t lperfetto "In this pathway, 5,10-methyleneTHF, a one-carbon donor, is generated from serine by SHMT and used for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in a reaction catalyzed by TYMS. The TYMS-catalyzed reaction generates dihydrofolate, which is converted to THF in an NADPH-dependent manner by DHFR." SIGNOR-268231 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr194 ALEKKSNyEVLEKDV 9606 16782899 t gcesareni "Here we report that fak directly interacts with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-met. Phosphorylation of c-met at tyr-1349 and, to a lesser extent, tyr-1356 is required for its interaction with the band 4.1 and ezrin/radixin/moesin homology domain (ferm domain) of fak. met-fak interaction leads to fak activation and subsequent contribution to hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell motility and cell invasion." SIGNOR-147179 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT SLC6A8 protein P48029 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 443947 BTO:0000964 22407360 t miannu "Janus-activated kinase-2 (JAK2) participates in the regulation of the Na⁺-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1 and the Na⁺-coupled amino acid transporter SLC6A19. JAK2 is a novel regulator of the creatine transporter SLC6A8, which downregulates the carrier, presumably by interference with carrier protein insertion into the cell membrane." SIGNOR-265807 MED31 protein Q9Y3C7 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266668 TUBB1 protein Q9H4B7 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 17118269 f lperfetto "However, evidence suggests that the detyrosination/tyrosination cycle of alpha-tubulin may be linked in some cell types to cell division and proliferationNF-Y" SIGNOR-242138 KLF9 protein Q13886 UNIPROT SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 11438660 t miannu "detailed biochemical and functional analyses have demonstrated that the TIEG2 _-HRM domain interacts specifically with the PAH2 domain of mSin3A to repress transcription. our data suggest the presence of a conserved _-helical repression motif (_-HRM) in the TIEG and BTEB subfamilies of Sp1-like proteins that mediates transcriptional repression activity through interaction with the corepressor mSin3A." SIGNOR-222434 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser301 IQSNLDFsPVNSASS 9606 21765472 t lperfetto "Chk1 itself is also subject to cdk-mediated phosphorylation at serines 286 and 301 (s286 and 301). We show that chk1 s301 phosphorylation increases as cells progress through s and g2 and that both cdk1 and cdk2 are likely to contribute to this modification in vivo. We also find that substitution of s286 and s301 with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues strongly attenuates dna damage-induced chk1 activation and g2 checkpoint proficiency" SIGNOR-175083 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK3 protein Q96BR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser486 DDAFVGFsYAPPSED 10548550 t miannu "SGK2 and SGK3 are activated in vitro by PDK1, albeit more slowly than SGK1, and their activation is accompanied by the phosphorylation of Thr(193) and Thr(253) respectively. The PDK1-catalysed phosphorylation and activation of SGK2 and SGK3, like SGK1, is greatly potentiated by mutating Ser(356) and Ser(419) respectively to Asp, these residues being equivalent to the C-terminal phosphorylation site of PKB." SIGNOR-250278 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 SAVRLRSsVPGVRLL 9606 12458200 t llicata "By identifying eight aurora-b phosphorylation sites on vimentin in vitro, we have demonstrated that vimentin-ser-72 is an in vitrophosphorylation site of aurora-b. in vitro analyses revealed that aurora-b phosphorylates vimentin at approximately 2 mol phosphate/mol of substrate for 30 min and that this phosphorylation dramatically inhibits vimentin filament formation." SIGNOR-96057 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18423396 f fspada "Moreover, expression of p27(kip1), an inhibitor of the cell cycle, was down regulated in an akt1/pkbalpha-specific manner during adipocytedifferentiation." SIGNOR-178269 "sorafenib tosylate" chemical CHEBI:50928 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 16757355 t miannu "Further characterization of sorafenib revealed that this molecule was a multikinase inhibitor that targeted the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor family (PDGFR-beta and Kit), which play key roles in tumor progression and angiogenesis. The in vitro and cellular profile of sorafenib is summarized in Table I." SIGNOR-259223 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR TRIM71 protein Q2Q1W2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269247 IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15864272 t gcesareni "The only type ii ifn, ifn-g, binds a distinct cell-surface receptor, which is known as the type ii ifn receptor. This receptor is also composed of two subunits, ifngr1 and ifngr2, which are associated with jak1 and jak2, respectively. Activation of the jaks that are associated with the type i ifn receptor results in tyrosine phosphorylation of stat2" SIGNOR-135952 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 10490932 t Regulation miannu "Heme oxygenase (HO), by catabolizing heme to bile pigments, down-regulates cellular hemoprotein, hemoglobin, and heme" SIGNOR-251813 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MPZL1 protein O95297 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr263 NKSESVVyADIRKN 9606 11751924 t lperfetto "Indeed, our studies indicated that cross-linking of pzr by cona lead to activation of c-src, which may be responsible for phosphorylation of pzr and possibly other proteins. Phosphorylation of pzr in turn recruits shp-2, which by itself is an essential signal transducertyrosine residues 241 and 263 embedded in the itims are responsible for the tyrosine phosphorylation of pzr" SIGNOR-113410 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000938 9346240 t lperfetto "Experiments in this study reveal that akt phosphorylates bad both in vitro and in vivo and that akt-mediated phosphorylation of bad effectively blocks bad induced cell death.[...] In addition, these findings implicate a particular phosphorylation site on bad, serine 136, in the suppression of bad-mediated death by akt.[...]The Phosphorylation of bad may lead to the prevention of cell death via a mechanism that involves the selective association of the phosphorylated forms of bad with 14-3-3 protein isoforms. Akt phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo we show that growth factor activation of the pi3'k/akt signaling pathway culminates in the phosphorylation of the bcl-2 family member bad, thereby suppressing apoptosis and promoting cell survival. Akt phosphorylates bad in vitro and in vivo erbb-mediated phosphorylation of bad by akt promotes survival by blocking the interaction of this pro-apoptotic molecule with bcl-2 and bcl-x proteins" SIGNOR-52859 estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258584 PREX2 protein Q70Z35 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24367090 t irozzo "Here, we report that P-REX2 interacts with PTEN via two interfaces. In summary, P-REX2 docks to the PDZ-BD of PTEN through its C-terminal domain, reads the phosphorylation state of the PTEN tail via the DH domain, and inhibits PTEN activity by unleashing the PH domain" SIGNOR-259189 CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT dehydroepiandrosterone chemical CHEBI:28689 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000050;BTO:0000056 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268651 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C18 21902831 t gcesareni "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-176515 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr59 EGYDELQtDGNRSSH 9606 BTO:0000567 11583622 t llicata "Here we report that Bid is phosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) and casein kinase II (CKII). Inhibition of CKI and CKII accelerated Fas-mediated apoptosis and Bid cleavage, whereas hyperactivity of the kinases delayed apoptosis. | These results suggest that residues S61, S64, and to a much lesser extent T58 are sites of phosphorylation of Bid." SIGNOR-250831 IL15RA protein Q13261 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 30029643 t areggio "Since Jak-STAT pathway primarily activated in IL-15-me- diated cell proliferation, we tested whether it is also participates in IL-15-mediated proliferation of FAPs. Interestingly, we found the expression of phospho-Jak3 and phospho-Tyk2, as well as their downstream, phospho- STAT3 and phospho-STAT5, was significantly upregulated" SIGNOR-256225 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000452 31958465 t miannu "Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFGE8), a protein known as lactadherin in humans, contains C domains interacting with extracellular matrices and epidermal growth factor–like domains with an RGD motif binding to integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5." SIGNOR-260645 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr375 GRGARGGtRGGRGRI 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249254 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1878 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTT 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176805 RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT PTK7 protein Q13308 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21350015 t gcesareni "Here, we identify rack1 as a novel interaction partner of ptk7. Mechanistically, rack1 is necessary for the ptk7-mediated membrane localization of dishevelled (dsh). Rack1 facilitates the ptk7-dsh interaction by recruiting pkcdelta1, a known effector of dsh membrane translocation." SIGNOR-172322 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f miannu "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions." SIGNOR-260127 Sound_vibration stimulus SIGNOR-ST27 SIGNOR "TIP-LINK complex" complex SIGNOR-C291 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 f lperfetto "Sound induced vibrations or motion lead to deflection of the stereociliary bundles, which directly control the activity of the mechanotransduction channels in stereocilia. It is thought that tip links, fine extracellular filaments that connect the tips of neighboring stereocilia, transmit tension force onto the transduction channels" SIGNOR-262581 vasopressin smallmolecule CHEBI:9937 ChEBI AVPR1A protein P37288 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257461 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 23431053 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of YAP (S381) and TAZ (S311) by Lats1/2 primes subsequent phosphorylation events by casein kinase 1 (CK1d/e); this sequential phosphorylation results in recruitment of b-transducin repeat-containing proteins (b-TRCP; a subunit of the SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase) and consequently leads to degradation of YAP/TAZ" SIGNOR-230750 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT NR3C1/STAT5A complex SIGNOR-C84 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8878484 t fspada "We show here that the glucocorticoid receptor can act as a transcriptional co-activator for stat5 and enhance stat5-dependent transcription. Stat5 forms a complex with the gluco-corticoid receptor which binds to dna independently of the gre. This complex formation between stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor diminishes the glucocorticoid response of a gre-con-taining promoter." SIGNOR-44379 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001570 19277896 f lperfetto "We propose that CtBP1 is recruited by SNAI1P at the CLDN7 gene promoter indirectly through another yet to be identified protein. Based on our observations, we propose a model for SNAI1P-mediated down regulation of human CLDN7 gene expression by chromatin remodeling" SIGNOR-254103 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sMDMDMSP 9606 BTO:0000567 15190079 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated at ser-4 by plk1 and plk2. Phosphorylation at ser-4 by plk2 in s phase is required for centriole duplication and is sufficient to trigger centriole replication. Phosphorylation at ser-4 by plk1 takes place during mitosis." SIGNOR-125666 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM48 protein Q8IWZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271192 NEFH protein P12036 UNIPROT "Neurofilament L/H" complex SIGNOR-C208 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19468066 t miannu "Neurofilaments are obligate heteropolymers that are minimally comprised of the low molecular neurofilament protein L (NFL) plus the medium and/or high molecular weight proteins neurofilament protein M (NFM) and neurofilament protein H" SIGNOR-255273 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT SPAST protein Q9UBP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22574173 f miannu "we demonstrate that SPAST transcription is positively regulated by NRF1 and SOX11." SIGNOR-254885 MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT O-phosphoethanolamine smallmolecule CHEBI:17553 ChEBI up-regulates binding 9606 22170151 t gcesareni "Lc3-i is activated by the same atg7 involved in atg12 conjugation, transferred to atg3, a second e2-like enzyme, and finally conjugated to pe" SIGNOR-191546 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161678 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DRB5 protein Q30154 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002417 10886240 f "These results indicate that impaired up-regulation of HLA-DR in response to IFN-gamma results from insufficient induction of CIITA, but not from the signal from IFN-gamma receptor to the nucleus. The abnormal regulation of HLA-DR expression caused by impaired induction of CIITA may affect CD4+ T cell development in thymoma." SIGNOR-254013 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257955 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser20 APPVRMSsTIFSTGG 9606 22137581 t lperfetto "Together, these results indicate that ampk phosphorylates endogenous ppp1r12c at s452 and pak2 at s20 in human cells." SIGNOR-216612 CPSF7 protein Q8N684 UNIPROT "CFI complex" complex SIGNOR-C388 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 8626397 t lperfetto "We report here the purification of CF Im from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Three polypeptides of 68, 59, and 25 kDa copurified with CF Im activity." SIGNOR-266124 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1021 PNEGDNDyIIPLPDP -1 7545675 t "Upon activation, the βPDGFR is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine residues and thereby becomes a docking site for SH2-domain-containing signal transduction proteins.|While all phosphotyrosine sites on the βPDGFR are equally good targets for rPTP1B, maps of the βPDGFR dephosphorylated by rSyp showed that rSyp had a distinct preference for certain sites (Fig. 4 D-F). The low dose of rSyp primarily dephosphorylated spots 1, 6, 7, 9, and to a lesser extent 8a|Spot 1 corresponds to tyrosine 751; spot 3 corresponds to tyrosine 1009; spot 6 corresponds to tyrosine 740; spot 8b corresponds to tyrosine 1021; spot 9 corresponds to tyrosine 771, and spots 2, 7, and 8a are as yet unidentified phosphopeptides" SIGNOR-248417 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT TRIP10 protein Q15642 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12242347 f gcesareni "The specific interaction of active tc10 with cip4 2 suggested thatinsulinmight induce a change in the subcellular localization of cip4 2" SIGNOR-93062 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGA6 protein Q9Y5G7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265694 "125-L-serine-2-133-interleukin 2 (human reduced)" smallmolecule SID:46508054 ChEBI IL2RA protein P01589 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18031103 t miannu "Aldesleukin (recombinant IL-2) has similar pharmacodynamic properties to endogenous IL-2 and, when administered to patients with cancer, stimulates the antitumour immune response." SIGNOR-259388 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr182 IDQGDLMtPQFTPYY 9606 BTO:0000567 9628874 t lperfetto "In hela cells, prak was activated in response to cellular stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Prak activity was regulated by p38alpha and p38beta both in vitro and in vivo and thr182 was shown to be the regulatory phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-58135 NPTX1 protein Q15818 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0004168;BTO:0003227 31113871 f lperfetto "We found that the protein levels of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) were increased in NPTX1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 and MHCC-97h cells relative to control cells. In contrast, decreased levels of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were found in NPTX1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 and MHCC-97h cells relative to control" SIGNOR-260413 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT UBE2D3 protein P61077 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 21044962 f miannu "knockdown of SLUG in SLUG-high breast cancer cells elevated the levels of UbcH5c while decreasing the level of cyclin D1 protein. SLUG is recruited at the E2-box sequence at the UbcH5c gene promoter along with the corepressor CtBP1 and the effector HDAC1 to silence the expression of this gene." SIGNOR-255173 MASTL protein Q96GX5 UNIPROT ARPP19 protein P56211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser62 KGQKYFDsGDYNMAK -1 21164014 t gcesareni "We identified cyclic adenosine monophosphate€“regulated phosphoprotein 19 (Arpp19) and -Endosulfine as two substrates of Gwl that, when phosphorylated by this kinase, associate with and inhibit PP2A, thus promoting mitotic entry." SIGNOR-243611 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT SDC2 protein P34741 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser188 LGERKPSsAAYQKAP -1 9244383 t lperfetto "We investigated phosphorylation of syndecan-2 cytoplasmic domain by PKC | Peptide mapping and substitution studies showed that both serines were phosphoacceptors, but each had slightly different affinity, with that of serine-197 being higher than serine-198." SIGNOR-248978 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19114990 t lperfetto "In immunoprecipitation esperiments, the TGF _ RII receptor was found to be constitutively associated with p85, the regulatory subunity of PI3K" SIGNOR-252731 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage Asp546 ALQTDIVdLQRSPMG 9606 11741536 t gcesareni "Ikappab kinase (ikk) beta was specifically proteolyzed by caspase-3-related caspases at aspartic acid residues 78, 242, 373, and 546 during tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induced apoptosis." SIGNOR-112796 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21228325 f "Interestingly, quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a 2-fold increase in PARP-1 expression. Western blotting analysis of protein nuclear extracts from FLT3/ITD B-cells confirmed that PARP1 was up-regulated, compared with wild-type controls " SIGNOR-261554 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2407 AKVSGRPsSRKAKSP 9606 22888005 t gcesareni "The kinase activity of camkii was essential for the activation of notch signaling. We also determined that camkii could enhance the association between notch1-ic and rbp-jk. Furthermore, the physical association between rbp-jk and smrt was substantially suppressed by camkii. We demonstrated that camkii directly bound and phosphorylated smrt at ser-1407, thereby facilitating smrt translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and proteasome-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-191777 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252279 HSPA1A protein P0DMV8 UNIPROT GSTA4 protein O15217 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization phosphorylation:Thr193;Ser189 VKLSNIPtIKRFLEP;QEYTVKLsNIPTIKR 21929724 t lperfetto "Model showing Ser189/Thr193 protein kinase dependent phosphorylation of GST A4‐4 has increased affinity for chaperone Hsp70 which activates mitochondrial competent import signals for GSTA4‐4. |Protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation of serine residues of CYPs increases the affinity of proteins for binding to cytoplasmic chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsp), Hsp70/Hsp90, resulting in increased mitochondrial translocation" SIGNOR-264799 RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22683405 t "Mst1/2 are pro-apoptotic kinases that are activated by caspase cleavage" gcesareni "Rassf1a and mst1 co-exist as a complex localizing at microtubules throughout the cell cycle, of which the rassf1a mst1 interaction is stimulatory to the mst1 kinase activity." SIGNOR-197744 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr366 QSSASRKtQKKKKKK 9606 BTO:0004737 11325528 t lperfetto "We found that Ebp1 was basally phosphorylated in AU565 breast cancer cells on serine/threonine residues and that this phosphorylation was enhanced by heregulin treatment. Both serine and threonine residues of a GST-Ebp1 fusion protein were phosphorylated by PKC in vitro. In vivo, we demonstrated that basal Ebp1 phosphorylation was dependent upon PKC." SIGNOR-249094 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10072077 f "Here, we demonstrate that, while lymphoid development is normal, Stat5a/b mutant peripheral T cells are profoundly deficient in proliferation and fail to undergo cell cycle progression or to express genes controlling cell cycle progression" SIGNOR-254302 methiothepin chemical CHEBI:64203 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258853 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr426 TEVEDTLtPPPSDAG 9606 BTO:0000007 19126544 t lperfetto "Importantly, we demonstrate that the mature form of endogenous SREBP1 is phosphorylated on Ser-434. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylates Ser-434, and the phosphorylation of this residue is attenuated in response to insulin signaling. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Ser-434 promotes the glycogen synthase kinase-3-dependent phosphorylation of Thr-426 and Ser-430 and destabilizes SREBP1." SIGNOR-236667 N1'-[3-fluoro-4-[[6-methoxy-7-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]-4-quinolinyl]oxy]phenyl]-N1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91418 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 21697284 t gcesareni "Cocrystallization of the met kinase domain in complex with nvp-bvu972 revealed a key role for y1230 in binding of nvp-bvu972, as previously reported for multiple other selective met inhibitors." SIGNOR-174555 "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI arachidonoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15514 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267904 methotrexate chemical CHEBI:44185 ChEBI DHFR protein P00374 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0004254 23581023 t miannu "Methotrexate, a structural analogue of folic acid, is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutics, especially in haematological malignancies, various solid tumours and also inflammatory disorders. Methotrexate interferes with folate metabolism, mainly by inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in the suppression of purine and pyrimidine precursor synthesis." SIGNOR-258481 GUCY1A3-B2 complex SIGNOR-C139 SIGNOR "3',5'-cyclic GMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:16356 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "Guanylyl cyclases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of GTP to cGMP. The family comprises both membrane-bound and soluble isoforms that are expressed in nearly all cell types" SIGNOR-244122 CRYGS protein P22914 UNIPROT Maintenance_of_lens_transparency phenotype SIGNOR-PH65 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10521291 f "The γ-crystallin proteins are tightly folded in two domains with no free loops. It is possible that the R58H mutation destabilizes the contact between lens-fiber cells, which is critical for the maintenance of lens transparency. Improper folding of CRYGD, the most abundantly expressed γ-crystallin in the lens, could well cause protein aggregation and lens opacification." SIGNOR-253625 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI TAP1 protein Q03518 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26254357 t miannu "It is suggested that in vitro, regorafenib is an inhibitor of ABCB1 and ABCG2, but not a substrate, and that its active metabolites, M2 (N-Oxide metabolite) and M5 (N-Oxide/N-desmethyl metabolite), are substrates of ABCB1 and ABCG3" SIGNOR-259204 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT DENND3 protein A2RUS2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser472 THRRMVVsMPNLQDI 9606 25925668 t lperfetto "ULK-mediated phosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DENND3 at serines 554 and 572 upregulates its GEF activity toward the small GTPase Rab12." SIGNOR-264732 DAPK1 protein P53355 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 BTO:0000776 17339337 t gcesareni "Dna damage-activated protein kinases like chk1/2 modify the box-i domain of p53 at thr18 and ser20 (46) by an allosteric mechanism (10)." SIGNOR-153491 "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 15571818 t scontino "The proteasome system is the central proteolytic system of the eukaryotic cell [1] and plays an important role in the generation of MHC-class I peptides. The enzyme complex responsible for the selectivity of intracellular protein degradation is the 26S proteasome that degrades poly-ubiquitinated substrates." SIGNOR-267768 DHODH protein Q02127 UNIPROT ubiquinol smallmolecule CHEBI:17976 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30449682 t miannu "OXPHOS directly drives the respiration-coupled mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) that converts dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway" SIGNOR-267432 miR-29c mirna URS000075B799_9606 RNAcentral TET2 protein Q6N021 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 22983574 t Gianni "Transcriptional regulation of miR-10a/b by TWIST-1 in myelodysplastic syndromes" SIGNOR-268854 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR PYG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF96 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0002049 22225877 t "GP is the first protein whose function was discovered to be regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation, which is controlled by phosphorylase kinase (PhK) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Here we report that lysine acetylation negatively regulates GP activity by both inhibiting enzyme activity directly and promoting dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-267961 RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT FKBP8 protein Q14318 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17991864 t gcesareni "Rheb interacts directly with fkbp38 and prevents its association with mtor in a guanosine 5'-triphosphate (gtp)-dependent manner." SIGNOR-159016 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr452 GLEKTQTtPNGSLQA 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249310 EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16597412 t gcesareni "Endothelin-1 (et-1) and angiotensin ii (angii), two potent vasoactive peptides involved in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis, also induce mitogenic and pro-angiogenic responses in vitro and in vivo. Both peptides are produced by cleavage of inactive precursors by metalloproteases (endothelin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme, respectively) and activate two subtypes of membrane receptors (eta-r and etb-r for et-1, at1r and at2r for angii) that all belong to the superfamily of g-protein coupled receptors." SIGNOR-145762 cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol smallmolecule CHEBI:17759 ChEBI cholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:16113 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 9634533 t miannu "In cholesterol biosynthesis, 7-DHC is converted to cholesterol by the enzyme sterol D7 -reductase. This NADPH-dependent enzyme catalyzes the reduction of the D7 -diene bond in 7-DHC, to form cholesterol." SIGNOR-267250 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "It has been proposed that metformin stimulates crtc2 phosphorylation in response to metabolic signals such as energy stress through the lkb1-ampk/sik1 pathways, which promotes binding to 14-3-3 proteins, thereby sequestering crtc2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm" SIGNOR-142207 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR Interferon_Production phenotype SIGNOR-PH16 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0002572 20610653 f lperfetto "Type 1 IFNs are induced in a cell type-specific manner through Toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor pathways, both of which activate interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor _B (NF-_B) transcription factors." SIGNOR-216322 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr354 RKPANDItSQLEINF 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249249 ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253200 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR TSPYL2 protein Q9H2G4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr340 GRLVSHStPIRWHRG 9606 BTO:0000567 11395479 t llicata "We observed that a CDA1 mutant with the two consensus CDK phosphorylation sites abolished (S20A and T340A) disabled its capacity to inhibit cell growth, indicating that these sites are important for the function of this protein. Furthermore, we showed that these sites are phosphorylated by cyclin/CDKs in vitro, suggesting that these kinases may regulate CDA1 function in vivo. " SIGNOR-250753 KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT "Minus-end directed microtubule movement" phenotype SIGNOR-PH217 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19773780 f "In general, N-kinesins and C-kinesins drive microtubule plus end- and minus end-directed motilities, respectively, and M-kinesins depolymerize microtubules1,9 (Box 1).|Forty-five genes that encode kinesin superfamily proteins (also known as KIFs) have been discovered in the mouse and human genomes.|KIFs are molecular motors that directionally transport various cargos, including membranous organelles, protein complexes and mRNAs, along the microtubule system." SIGNOR-272535 PML protein P29590 UNIPROT KAT6A/PML complex SIGNOR-C55 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 23431171 t miannu "We show here that moz is an acetyltransferase of p53 at k120 and k382 and colocalizes with p53 in promyelocytic leukemia (pml) nuclear bodies following cellular stress. The moz-pml-p53 interaction enhances moz-mediated acetylation of p53, and this ternary complex enhances p53-dependent p21 expression" SIGNOR-201489 TRADD protein Q15628 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001412;BTO:0000567 8943045 t amattioni "The recruitment of TRAF2 and c-IAP1 to TNF-R1 is TNF-dependent, is mediated by TRADD. N-terminal domain of tradd may become accessible to traf2, thereby permitting recruitment of the traf2/ciap1 heterocomplex." SIGNOR-45134 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001931 10683340 t miannu "These findings suggest that LMP2A recruits Nedd4-like ubiquitin-protein ligases and B-cell signal transduction molecules, resulting in the degradation of LMP2A and Lyn by a ubiquitin-dependent mechanism. " SIGNOR-272558 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT HSD11B1 protein P28845 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19088256 t lperfetto "Cotransfection with human CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) and C/EBPbeta-LAP expression vectors activated the HSD11B1 promoter with the strongest effect within the same region." SIGNOR-268971 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser582 LNKLQQHsDKIIRLY 9606 18680479 t miannu "We have identified 16 sites of mps1 autophosphorylation in vitro, several of which are required for catalytic activity / autophosphorylation outside the activation segment was also important for activity in vitro, since s582a/s582d and y811f mutants exhibited decreased activity" SIGNOR-179896 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12801888 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "Our results suggest that map kinase can phosphorylate thr276 of smad4 and that phosphorylation can lead to enhanced tgf-beta-induced nuclear accumulation and, as a consequence, enhanced transcriptional activity of smad4." SIGNOR-270107 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGC3 protein Q9UN70 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265674 SENP1 protein Q9P0U3 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" desumoylation Lys276 NVVYRDLkLENLMLD 10090 BTO:0002572 23884910 t gcesareni "Although multiple sites on Akt could be SUMOylated, K276 was identified as a major SUMO acceptor site. K276R or E278A mutation reduced SUMOylation of Akt but had little effect on its ubiquitination. Strikingly, these mutations also completely abolished Akt kinase activity. In support of these results, we found that expression of PIAS1 and SUMO1 increased Akt activity, whereas expression of SENP1 reduced Akt1 activity." SIGNOR-252738 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12628924 t lperfetto "Transcriptional activation of the nf-kappab p65 subunit by mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (msk1)mutational analysis of p65 revealed ser276 as a target for phosphorylation and transactivation in response to tnf. Moreover, we identified msk1 as a nuclear kinase for p65, since msk1 associates with p65 in a stimulus-dependent way and phosphorylates p65 at ser276." SIGNOR-217424 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT ROBO1 protein Q9Y6N7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268907 GRM7 protein Q14831 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264350 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT CYP27A1 protein Q02318 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 11867220 f miannu "Therefore, Sp1, Sp3 and HNF4 co-operate in the expression of the human CYP27 gene in HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-255198 Oxotremorine chemical CHEBI:7851 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258651 aclidinium chemical CHEBI:65346 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000131 19653626 t Luana "This compound is a potent muscarinic antagonist, with long duration of action in vivo, and was found to have a rapid hydrolysis in human plasma, minimizing the potential to induce class-related systemic side effects." SIGNOR-258152 EIF2S3 protein P41091 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32955564 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, translation initiation generally occurs by a cap-dependent scanning mechanism, wherein the small (40S) subunit of the ribosome recruits methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) in a ternary complex (TC) with GTP-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), in a reaction stimulated by factors eIF1, eIF1A and eIF3." SIGNOR-269116 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT JAK1/STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C120 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15284024 t "Stimulation of EGFR induces Tyr701 phosphorylation of STAT1 and initiates complex formation of STAT1 and STAT3 with JAK1 and JAK2. Thereafter, the STATs translocate to the nucleus within 15 min." SIGNOR-252088 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18077326 f miannu "In binding to the beta-catenin c-terminal domain, fhit represses transcription of target genes such as cyclin d1, axin2, mmp-14, and survivin." SIGNOR-159867 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Ala36 PESKATNaTLDPRSF -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus" SIGNOR-263565 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser217 YTRTGSEsPKVCSDQ 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248496 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr265 KDPKRRMtIAQSLEH 9606 15611134 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis showed that phosphorylation of thr180 in the kinase activation t-loop, thr225 in the substrate-binding groove, and thr265 in kinase subdomain x is essential for full zipk autophosphorylation and activity toward exogenous substrates." SIGNOR-132467 IL23R protein Q5VWK5 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 12023369 t gcesareni "Il-23 activates the same jak-stat signaling molecules as il-12: jak2, tyk2, and stat1, -3, -4, and -5, but stat4 activation is substantially weaker and different dna-binding stat complexes form in response to il-23 compared with il-12." SIGNOR-87841 frovatriptan chemical CHEBI:134991 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9986723 t miannu "As far as the selectivity against the 5-HT1A receptor, compound 10 shows similar selectivity as VML-251 (4) but has slightly lower selectivity as compared to sumatriptan (1), naratriptan (2), and rizatriptan (3). Although none of the 5-HT1D receptor agonists in the current study demonstrate as good selectivity versus the 5-HT1B receptor, the N-methyl-5-tert-butyltryptamine (10) remains the most selective (4-fold)." SIGNOR-259074 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268915 WNT8A protein Q9H1J5 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131987 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr255 ITTPELTtPCGSAEY 9606 BTO:0000093 17130135 t "We generated a phosphospecific antibody to Thr(P)-214 in the T-loop of MNKs and found that phosphorylations of both Thr-209 and Thr-214 in human MNK1 are required for activation" SIGNOR-253015 HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001412 17327400 t Luana "Thus Pim1 appears to be a direct transcriptional target of HOXA9 and a mediator of its antiapoptotic and proproliferative effects in early cells. " SIGNOR-261632 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser978 SPLKRSHsLAKLGSL 9606 BTO:0000150 19567672 t llicata "Pkd-mediated phosphorylation of serines 937 and 978 regulates ssh1l subcellular localization by binding of 14-3-3 proteins 14-3-3 proteins associate with ssh1l when phosphorylated at serines 937 and 978, thereby sequestering ssh1l in the cytoplasm and preventing translocation of the phosphatase to f-actin_rich membrane protrusions" SIGNOR-186471 CDON protein Q4KMG0 UNIPROT SPAG9 protein O60271 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000222 18678706 t "p38 together with Bnip-2 and CDC42 to activate p38alfa/beta activity" lperfetto "During myoblast differentiation, the promyogenic cell surface receptor cdo binds to the p38alpha/beta pathway scaffold protein jlp and, via jlp, p38alpha/beta itself." SIGNOR-179870 MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "The c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk)-interacting protein (jip) group of scaffold proteins (jip1, jip2, and jip3) can interact with components of the jnk signaling pathway and potently activate jnk." SIGNOR-134555 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258292 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Tyr102 YDLKLQEyQSAIKVE 10090 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000011 25368164 t "We show that the tyrosine kinase Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene (cAbl) is an adipogenic key regulator. c-Abl promotes adipogenesis by phosphorylation and subsequent stabilization of PPARγ." SIGNOR-262297 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser387 LSLPSTQsLNIKSEP 9606 9858528 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q06413-3" lperfetto "Our studies showed that p38 specifically phosphorylates serine 387 and threonines 293 and 300 within the mef2c transactivation domain" SIGNOR-62788 KRN-633 chemical CID:9549295 PUBCHEM FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193585 CNR2 protein P34972 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256979 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT SCF-FBW7 complex SIGNOR-C135 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15340381 t gcesareni "The F-box family of proteins €” which are the substrate-recognition components of the Skp1€“Cul1€“F-box-protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase €” are important players in many mammalian functions." SIGNOR-243766 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu82 REVFENTeRTTEFWK 10090 BTO:0001103 11133752 t lperfetto "The direct gamma-carboxyglutamic acid analysis and the N-terminal sequence analysis of the myotube-synthesized F.IX demonstrate efficient carboxylation at 11 of 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. |In previous work54 we have demonstrated that the γ-glutamyl carboxylase is present in skeletal muscle, but at a level only 5% to 10% of that found in the liver. This level of enzyme appears to be sufficient to provide full carboxylation of F.IX synthesized in myotubes|Glu 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, and 36 are each less than 10% of the yield at the previous and subsequent cycles. Only a single γ-carboxylated residue, Gla 40, was not assessed by N-terminal sequencing." SIGNOR-263695 Ruboxistaurin chemical CID:153999 PUBCHEM PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258275 PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 16847462 t gcesareni "The activation of pi3k results in the generation of the second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip2). In vivo, class i pi3ks primarily generate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (pip3) from phosphatidylinositol- 4,5-bisphosphate (pi-4,5-p2)" SIGNOR-147954 "Obatoclax mesylate" chemical CID:46930996 PUBCHEM BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23515850 t lperfetto "Obatoclax and its predecessor analogs bind to BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-w, BCL-B, BFL-1, and MCL-1 in vitro" SIGNOR-262024 oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-267503 SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR fumarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29806 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. The human enzyme readily oxidizes succinate to fumarate, while the reverse reaction is hardly detectable in most human cells and tissues under standard conditions." SIGNOR-266277 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser266 QYLGSIAsPSVHPAT 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138932 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser18 RRLLFACsPPPASQP 9606 12411508 t lperfetto "Mitotic stabilization of cdc25a reflects its phosphorylation on ser17 and ser115 by cyclin b-cdk1, modifications required to uncouple cdc25a from its ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated turnover." SIGNOR-95260 MMUT protein P22033 UNIPROT succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 1978672 t miannu "Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) is an adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme that catalyses isomerization between methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA (3-carboxypropionyl-CoA)." SIGNOR-269109 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole chemical CHEBI:92005 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258857 EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 31226023 t miannu "Activated PERK phosphorylates the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), which inhibits the conversion of inactive GDP-bound eIF2α back to the active GTP-bound form, thereby suppressing translation initiation." SIGNOR-260165 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 23075495 f gcesareni "Yap and taz are two main downstream effectors of the hippo pathway, and they function as transcription co-activators to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis." SIGNOR-199214 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr42 SGVEVRVtPTRTEII 9606 15950189 t llicata "Erk phosphorylates threonine 42 residue of ribosomal protein s3." SIGNOR-136075 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT DYNLL1 protein P63167 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser88 VAILLFKsG 9606 BTO:0000149 18084006 t lperfetto "Dlc1 phosphorylation on ser(88) by p21-activated kinase 1 (pak1), a signaling nodule, promotes mammalian cell survival by regulating its interaction with bim and the stability of bim. Here we discovered that phosphorylation of ser(88), which juxtapose each other at the interface of the dlc dimer, disrupts dlc1 dimer formation and consequently impairs its interaction with bim" SIGNOR-159995 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10195894 t lperfetto "Once activated, ikkbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased ikk activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response" SIGNOR-216373 CDKN2AIP protein Q9NXV6 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16803988 t miannu "In the nucleoplasm, carf interacts with p53 and enhances its function." SIGNOR-147360 KLK2 protein P20151 UNIPROT NCOA4 protein Q13772 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001130 24122203 f miannu "Klk2may cooperate with the ar coregulator, ara70, to enhance ar transactivation" SIGNOR-202885 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser290 GRIVARNsRKMAFRA -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249007 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT PRPS2 protein P11908 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18677108 t miannu "Analysis of in vivo C-MYC interactions with TS, IMPDH2 and PRPS2 genes confirmed that they are direct C-MYC targets. C-MYC depletion did not significantly affect levels of E2F1 protein reported to regulate expression of many S-phase specific genes, but resulted in the repression of several genes encoding enzymes rate-limiting for dNTP metabolism. These included thymidylate synthase (TS), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 (PRPS2). C-MYC depletion also resulted in reduction in the amounts of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and inhibition of proliferation." SIGNOR-267376 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MYO9B protein Q13459 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1346 RATGAALtPTEERRT 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262777 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260580 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 14657019 t gcesareni "Arkadia physically interacts with inhibitory smad, smad7, and induces its poly-ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-119663 "iron-sulfur cluster" smallmolecule CHEBI:30408 ChEBI PRIM2 protein P49643 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 26083061 t lperfetto "Human DNA primase, are Fe-S proteins. The loss of an iron-sulfur cluster in RAD3 helicase results in a failure to unwind DNA1" SIGNOR-262134 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr117 DGCTWKGtLKEYESC 10090 17188031 t "We show that the Thr117 residue in TRAF2 is phosphorylated following TNFalpha stimulation. This phosphorylation process is modulated by PP2A and is required for TRAF2 functional activity." SIGNOR-248597 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR PTPRR protein Q15256 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 11493009 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Specifically, the complex formation between PTP-SL and ERK2 involves an unusual interaction leading to the phosphorylation of PTP-SL by ERK2 at Thr253 and the inactivating dephosphorylation of ERK2 by PTP-SL." SIGNOR-270021 NCBP1 protein Q09161 UNIPROT mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26382858 f lperfetto "The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of the nuclear cap-binding protein (NCBP) 2 and its adaptor NCBP1, is believed to bind all capped RNA and to be necessary for its processing and intracellular localization." SIGNOR-268361 E2F4 protein Q16254 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12110166 f "During terminal adipocyte differentiation" fspada "we show here that e2f1 induces ppar gamma transcription during clonal expansion, whereas e2f4 represses pparg amma expression during terminal adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-210050 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259453 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12242309 t lperfetto "Overexpressed rai resulted in the potentiation of the ret-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) and akt. The ret/ptc receptor tyrosine kinase that responds to glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor also phosphorylated akt tyrosine residue 315 promoting activation of akt" SIGNOR-244443 ARID3A protein Q99856 UNIPROT "Immunoglobulin mu heavy chain" protein P0DOX6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 16738337 t lperfetto "In this work, we show that TFII-I directly interacts with human Bright through amino acids in Bright's protein interaction domain and that specific tyrosine residues of TFII-I are essential for Bright-induced activity of an immunoglobulin reporter gene. Moreover, inhibition of TFII-I function in a B-cell line resulted in decreased heavy-chain transcript levels.| Figure ​3 shows that both anti-Bright and anti-TFII-I precipitated the bf150 Bright binding site from the B-cell line but not from a T-cell line that contains but does not express the V1 gene." SIGNOR-268532 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HSPH1 protein Q92598 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser509 PTEENEMsSEADMEC -1 12558502 t llicata "Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates Hsp105 alpha at Ser509 and modulates its function. | the phosphorylation of Hsp105 alpha at Ser(509) abolished the inhibitory activity of Hsp105 alpha in vitro." SIGNOR-250901 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 24708856 t miannu "We found overexpression of miR-155 led to increase in cJUN, FOS and TRIB2, and decrease in MEIS1, GFI1, cMYC and JARID2." SIGNOR-255766 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270988 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser676 SNGRRKRsPTQSFRF 9606 15657420 t esanto "We demonstrate that p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (rsk) is recruited to the nfat-dna transcription complex upon activation.Bound Rsk phosphorylates ser(676) and potentiates nfatc4 dna binding. Ser(676) is also targeted by the erk map kinase." SIGNOR-133283 FIG4 protein Q92562 UNIPROT "PAS complex" complex SIGNOR-C190 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17556371 t miannu "Here we have identified and characterized Sac3, a Sac domain phosphatase, as the Fig4 mammalian counterpart. Endogenous Sac3, a widespread 97-kDa protein, formed a stable ternary complex with ArPIKfyve and PIKfyve. Sac3 assembles with PIKfyve and ArPIKfyve in a stable ternary complex and controls PtdIns(3,5)P2 levels." SIGNOR-253528 ASXL3 protein Q9C0F0 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000972 25450400 t "inferred from family member" miannu "We determined that ASXL3 depletion augments the ligand-induced transcriptional activities of LXRŒ± and TRŒ≤, which were repressed by ASXL3 overexpression. The ligand-dependent interactions of ASXL3 with LXRŒ± and TRŒ≤ were demonstrated by the GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation analyses. We confirmed that ASXL3 suppresses the expression of LXRŒ± target genes through its recruitment to the LXR-response elements." SIGNOR-270302 GREB1 protein Q4ZG55 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30154312 f miannu "GREB1 is an early estrogen-responsive gene, and its expression is correlated with estrogen levels in breast cancer patients. Additionally, GREB1 responds to androgen in prostate cancer cells, and can stimulate the proliferation of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-265886 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr256 EHNSTTStFCGTPEY -1 10191262 t miannu "PDK1 activates SGK in vitro by phosphorylating Thr256." SIGNOR-250275 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser320 GEGGRFFsPKEKDSP 12857729 t llicata "Cdk2 phosphorylates two serine residues near the DNA-binding domain of the YA subunit of NF-Y. Cyclin A-cdk2 appears to associate with NF-Y both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, YA protein is phosphorylated in parallel with a cell cycle-dependent activation of cdk2 kinase and cyclin A expression. YA phosphorylation is unnecessary for heterotrimer formation with the YB-YC dimer. However, NF-Y containing a phosphorylation-deficient mutant form of YA, YA-aa, has its DNA binding activity impaired. \ To examine whether cdk2 phosphorylates the two serine residues at positions 320 and 326 in YA, we replaced either or both with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. In a kinase assay using purified GST fusion proteins in vitro, cdk2 phosphorylated the wild type and both of the single-mutant proteins (YA-as and -sa), but not the double-mutant protein (YA-aa)" SIGNOR-250742 PDK4 protein Q16654 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser300 SMSDPGVsYRTREEI 9606 17474719 t gcesareni "In mammals, pdhc is tightly regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of three serine residues in the thiamin-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase (e1) component. In vivo, inactivation of human pdhc correlates mostly with phosphorylation of serine 264, which is located at the entrance of the substrate channel leading to the active site of e1." SIGNOR-154656 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLEK protein P08567 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser117 ARKSTRRsIRLPETI 9606 7559487 t gcesareni "To determine the role of pkc-dependent phosphorylation in pleckstrin function, we mapped the phosphorylation sites in vivo of wild-type and site-directed mutants of pleckstrin expressed in cos cells. Phosphorylation was found to occur almost exclusively on ser-113 and ser-117. Replacing all these sites with glycine decreased phosphorylation by > 90% and reduced pleckstrin's ability to inhibit phosphoinositide hydrolysis by as much as 80%." SIGNOR-28884 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT Metabolism phenotype SIGNOR-PH77 SIGNOR up-regulates 18391974 f "Forkhead proteins, and FoxO1 in particular, play a significant role in regulating whole body energy metabolism." SIGNOR-253010 "4.1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C386 SIGNOR SPTB protein P11277 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The junctional complex is focused around a hub or ‘junction’ arising from lateral connections between protein 4.1, actin and beta spectrin (the first of which stabilises the actin spectrin association via direct binding to both proteins [8])." SIGNOR-266041 MIF protein P14174 UNIPROT CD74 protein P04233 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12782713 t gcesareni "MIF binds to the extracellular domain of CD74, and CD74 is required for MIF-induced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 MAP kinase cascade, cell proliferation, and PGE2 production" SIGNOR-252060 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT GRIPAP1 protein Q4V328 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 17761173 t Giorgia "These results suggest that the region of GRASP‐1 downstream of the Caspase‐3‐cleavage site is capable of activating the JNK signaling pathway by enhancing the phosphorylation of JNK. these results suggest that full length GRASP‐1 does not enhance JNK pathway activity, possibly due to the inhibitory effect of the N‐terminal fragment on the C‐terminal fragment. In contrast, Caspase‐3 cleavage of GRASP‐1 releases the C‐terminal fragment, which in turn activates JNK signaling by serving as a scaffold protein." SIGNOR-260641 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser256 SPRRRAAsMDNNSKF -1 BTO:0000318 10377430 t lperfetto "Here we show that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase by extracellular growth factors induces phosphorylation, nuclear export, and transcriptional inactivation of FKHR1, a member of the FKHR subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a key mediator of PI3 kinase signal transduction, phosphorylated recombinant FKHR1 in vitro at threonine-24 and serine-253. Mutants FKHR1(T24A), FKHR1(S253A), and FKHR1(T24A/S253A) were resistant to both PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation and PI3 kinase-stimulated nuclear export. These results indicate that phosphorylation by PKB/Akt negatively regulates FKHR1 by promoting export from the nucleus." SIGNOR-252346 HECW1 protein Q76N89 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001976 14684739 t miannu "We have also found that NEDL1 targets Dishevelled-1 (Dvl1) for ubiquitination-mediated degradation and that mutant (but not wild-type) SOD1 affects the function of Dvl1. " SIGNOR-271499 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser268 LPPGLSAsPQPSSVA 10090 BTO:0000783;BTO:0002284 20637728 t "Our results suggest that HIPK2-mediated phosphorylation of PDX1 at Ser-269 might be a regulatory mechanism connecting signals generated by changes in extracellular glucose concentration to downstream effectors via changes in subnuclear localization of PDX1, thereby influencing islet cell differentiation and function" SIGNOR-255539 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BAG3 protein O95817 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser289 RSSTPLHsPSPIRVH 9606 BTO:0000016 27659916 t miannu "ERK-dependent phosphorylation of BIS following H2O2 treatment." SIGNOR-274070 CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257009 RBBP4 protein Q09028 UNIPROT HNuRF complex SIGNOR-C448 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14609955 t miannu "hNURF is a chromatin remodeler. Here, we describe the purification of the first human SNF2L complex. The subunit composition suggests that it represents the human ortholog of the dNURF complex. In this regard, the hNURF complex also contains BPTF and RbAP46/48. Surprisingly, hNURF does not contain the inorganic pyrophosphatase protein NURF38. Nonetheless, the biochemical activity of hNURF is similar as it displayed predominantly nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity, as well as potent chromatin-remodeling activity on oligonucleosomal arrays." SIGNOR-268816 "erlotinib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:53509 ChEBI JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 17178722 t "JAK2(V617F), a mutant of tyrosine kinase JAK2. Erlotinib specifically targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, which is highly expressed and occasionally mutated in various forms of cancer. It binds in a reversible fashion to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of the receptor." gcesareni "This study shows that the anti-cancer drug erlotinib (tarceva) is a potent inhibitor of jak2(v617f) activity" SIGNOR-151274 SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT TIMP1 protein P01033 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002058 20501643 f miannu "When Spry4 was stably transfected into H157 and H2122 NSCLC cell lines, decreased migration and invasion were observed. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity was decreased, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP1 and CD82 were increased. Stable expression of Spry4 led to reduced cell growth and reduced anchorage-independent growth in NSCLC cell lines, along with upregulation of tumor suppressors p53 and p21." SIGNOR-253038 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF2 protein Q9P0N8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271245 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr758 NPLFKSAtTTVMNPK 9606 BTO:0000782 11700305 t lperfetto "We identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase c (pkc) delta and pkcbetai/ii as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin cd18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as ser-745 and thr-758. Pkc-mediated phosphorylation of cd18 after cell stimulation could lead to the recruitment of 14-3-3 proteins to the activated integrin, which may play a role in regulating its adhesive state or ability to signal." SIGNOR-111495 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser188 RKRHKSDsISLSFDE 9606 BTO:0000671 15169778 t lperfetto "Stabilization of mdm2 via decreased ubiquitination is mediated by protein kinase b/akt-dependent phosphorylationhere we show that pkb inhibits mdm2 self-ubiquitination via phosphorylation of mdm2 on ser(166) and ser(188)" SIGNOR-124953 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268211 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000056 16166196 t lperfetto "A novel 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) chronologically named type 12 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD12), that transforms estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2) was identified by sequence similarity with type 3 17beta-HSD (17beta-HSD3) that catalyzes the formation of testosterone from androstenedione in the testis." SIGNOR-268662 CYSLTR1 protein Q9Y271 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256883 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:18348 ChEBI "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260669 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 21695170 t lperfetto "The oncoprotein EVI1 and the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3 co-operate in binding and de novo methylation of target DNA|Here we show that EVI1 physically interacts with DNA methyltransferases 3a and 3b (Dnmt3a/b), which are the only de novo DNA methyltransferases identified to date in mouse and man, and that it forms an enzymatically active protein complex that induces de novo DNA methylation in vitro." SIGNOR-273432 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257285 tacedinaline chemical CHEBI:90195 ChEBI HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258007 CD300LB protein A8K4G0 UNIPROT TYROBP protein O43914 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 20959446 t lperfetto "The CD300b receptor is a non-classical activating receptor able to deliver signals by associating with the transmembrane adaptor protein DAP-12 and the intracellular mediator Grb-2." SIGNOR-264834 PEA15 protein Q15121 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 11702783 f "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Here, we report that pea-15, a protein variably expressed in multiple cell types, blocks erk-dependent transcription and proliferation by binding erks and preventing their localization in the nucleus._ Pea-15 can redirect the biological outcome of map kinase signaling by regulating the subcellular localization of erk map kinase." SIGNOR-269904 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000671 12807881 f miannu "Here we show that ectopic expression of rfp in human embryonic kidney 293 cells causes extensive apoptosis, as assessed by multiple criteria." SIGNOR-102019 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr366 QSSASRKtQKKKKKK 9606 BTO:0004737 11325528 t lperfetto "We found that Ebp1 was basally phosphorylated in AU565 breast cancer cells on serine/threonine residues and that this phosphorylation was enhanced by heregulin treatment. Both serine and threonine residues of a GST-Ebp1 fusion protein were phosphorylated by PKC in vitro. In vivo, we demonstrated that basal Ebp1 phosphorylation was dependent upon PKC." SIGNOR-249092 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1143 PMGSSHAsQVCSETP 9606 BTO:0002181 11114888 t llicata "Of the four potential phosphoacceptor sites in the BRCA1 (1005–1313) fragment (Ser 1143, Ser 1239, Ser 1280, Ser 1298), Ala substitutions at two sites, Ser 1143 and Ser 1280, reduced the in vitro phosphorylation of GST–BRCA1 (1005–1313) by ATR, whereas substitution of Ser 1239 or Ser 1298 with Ala had little or no effect (Fig. 2C; data not shown). A Ser 1143/Ser 1280 double mutant was a poor substrate for ATR, suggesting that these are the two major in vitro phosphorylation sites on this BRCA1 fragment. | Together, these results demonstrate that ATR and BRCA1 are components of the same genotoxic stress-responsive pathway, and that ATR directly phosphorylates BRCA1 in response to damaged DNA or stalled DNA replication." SIGNOR-250581 OGA protein O60502 UNIPROT PFKM protein P08237 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deglycosylation Ser530 VVIPATVsNNVPGSD 9606 26399441 t lperfetto "Our previous investigation on O-GlcNAcylation of PFK1 has demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation inhibits PFK1 enzyme activity|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively." SIGNOR-267607 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr123 IVKCQKLtDDHVQFL 9606 BTO:0000801 17055984 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of p38 by grk2 at the docking groove unveils a novel mechanism for inactivating p38mapk p38 associates with grk2 endogenously and is phosphorylated by grk2 at thr-123, a residue located at its docking groove. Mimicking phosphorylation at this site impairs the binding and activation of p38 by mkk6 and diminishes the capacity of p38 to bind and phosphorylate its substrates" SIGNOR-150152 GABRB1 protein P18505 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263763 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr1029 TPSDSLIyDDGLSEE 9534 BTO:0004055 8621380 t lperfetto "Based on the phosphopeptide maps, we can identify six tyrosine phosphorylation sites in RET: Tyr-687, Tyr-826, Tyr-1062, Tyr-1096, Tyr-1015, and Tyr-1029. By comparing the peptide map of each mutant to the wild-type receptor, we can tentatively assign each tryptic peptide containing phosphorylation sites to individual P-labeled spots on the two-dimensional map " SIGNOR-248940 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT STC2/HMOX1 complex SIGNOR-C244 SIGNOR "form complex" binding BTO:0000298 22503972 t Giorgia "Stanniocalcin 2, forms a complex with heme oxygenase 1, binds hemin and is a heat shock protein.|Taken together, our findings point to three novel functions of STC2, and suggest that STC2 interacts with HO1 to form a eukaryotic 'stressosome' involved in the degradation of heme." SIGNOR-260388 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT AQP1 protein P29972 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr239 APRSSDLtDRVKVWT 9606 BTO:0000671 17522053 t llicata "Activation of protein kinase c (pkc) by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (oag) induced a marked increase of aqp1-dependent water permeability. This regulation was abolished in mutated aqp1 channels lacking both consensus pkc phosphorylation sites thr(157) and thr(239) (termed aqp1 deltapkc)." SIGNOR-155106 PZP protein P20742 UNIPROT MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 9344465 t lperfetto "Both PZP and a2M collagenase complexes incubated with gelatin demonstrated a significant inhibition of the catalytic activity| MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261804 DERA protein Q9Y315 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25229427 t miannu "Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.4), which converts 2-deoxy-d-ribose-5-phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetaldehyde, belongs to the core metabolism of living organisms. his study provides the first experimental evidence that DERA, which is mainly expressed in lung, liver and colon, is the human deoxyribose phosphate aldolase." SIGNOR-267098 GPSM3 protein Q9Y4H4 UNIPROT GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 22843681 t lperfetto "GPSM3 was found not only to modulate heterotrimeric G-protein subunit signaling through its two active GoLoco motifs, but also to affect monomeric Gbeta subunit biosynthesis and stability|interactions between GPSM3 and Galphai1 or Gbeta1 (20) was assayed by BRET." SIGNOR-264865 STOX1 protein Q6ZVD7 UNIPROT CNTNAP2 protein Q9UHC6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000601 22728895 t Gianni "In this study we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to shotgun cloning to discover novel STOX1A target genes. Our results show that CNTNAP2, a member of the neurexin family, is directly downregulated by STOX1A." SIGNOR-269065 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr171 IPTSAPVyQQPQQQP 9606 BTO:0000132 19718473 t lperfetto "Integrin-dependent translocation of LASP-1 to the cytoskeleton of activated platelets correlates with LASP-1 phosphorylation at tyrosine 171 by Src-kinase" SIGNOR-271706 RNF183 protein Q96D59 UNIPROT TNFRSF10B protein O14763 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31889078 t miannu "RNF183 mediated K63-linked ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of DR5." SIGNOR-272212 MATK protein P42679 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr508 YTATEGQyQQQP -1 9171348 t miannu "In vitro phosphorylation assays showed that Chk suppressed Lyn activity by phosphorylating its C-terminal negative regulatory tyrosine." SIGNOR-250177 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT KRT17 protein Q04695 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21796151 f miannu "IL-17A upregulates keratin 17 expression in keratinocytes through STAT1- and STAT3-dependent mechanisms." SIGNOR-255233 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 10464286 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-70432 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268707 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser168 YREPLCLsPASSGSS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248509 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 26592448 f "Instead our data provide novel evidence that EGFR signaling is needed to activate the oncogenic and pro-proliferative transcription factor c-MYC" SIGNOR-252092 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 ATKAARKsAPATGGV 9606 20129940 t gcesareni "Upon activation of the erk and p38 mapk pathways, the msk1/2-mediated nucleosomal response, including h3 phosphorylation at serine 28 or 10, is coupled with the induction of immediate-early (ie) gene transcription." SIGNOR-163712 DNAJC15 protein Q9Y5T4 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267692 XBP1 protein P17861 UNIPROT B-Lymphocyte_diff phenotype SIGNOR-PH113 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000392 11460154 f "XBP-1 is the only transcription factor known to be selectively and specifically required for the terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells." SIGNOR-259957 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr476 EANYVPMtPGTFDFS 9606 15379552 t lperfetto "Erk phosphorylation enhances hgf-dependent gab1/pi3k but inhibits egf-dependent gab1/pi3k association and activation implicates that mapk activation provides another specific regulatory mechanism which can result in divergent effects for distinct rtks.we identified four serine and two threonine residues that are phosphorylated by erk in vitro. Five of these phosphorylation sites (t312, s454, t476, s581, s597)" SIGNOR-129200 ACSS3 protein Q9H6R3 UNIPROT acetate smallmolecule CHEBI:30089 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271833 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser257 QIRLRRDsKEANARR -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249003 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 9155018 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Mnk1 was phosphorylated and activated in vitro by erk1 and p38 map kinasespreliminary results showed that thr344 at least was one of the major sites phosphorylated by erk1" SIGNOR-270022 GRPEL2 protein Q8TAA5 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267700 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser142 IQKNLHPsYSCKYEG 9606 12809513 t llicata "We concluded that serine 142 of the tr dbd is the likely site of phosphorylation by t(4)-activated mapk and that the docking site on tr for activated mapk includes residues 128-133 (kgffrr), a basic amino acid-enriched motif novel for mapk substrates. Tr mutations in the proposed mapk docking domain and at residue 142 modulated t(4)-conditioned shedding of co-repressor and recruitment of co-activator proteins by the receptor, and they altered transcriptional activity of tr in a thyroid hormone response element-luciferase reporter assay." SIGNOR-102216 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0001255 12839928 f miannu "Activation of p38 MAPK is required for arsenite-induced apoptosis and MEK1,2 dephosphorylation in human skin fibroblasts. Our data suggest the presence of a continuous negative feedback from p38α and p38β to MEK1,2 as simultaneous inhibition of p38α and p38β isoforms in normal quiescent cells resulted in accumulation of phosphorylated MEK1,2 (Fig. 2A) ⇓ . This negative regulation of MEK1,2 in normal cells could be considered a means to control MEK1,2-mediated proliferation and expression of transformation-related genes." SIGNOR-263512 KLKB1 protein P03952 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg353 EQPPSLTrNGPLSCG 9606 BTO:0000131 28966616 t lperfetto "FXIIa converts PK to the active protease PKa, which reciprocally activates more FXII|In addition, PKa can initiate a further proteolysis of FXIIa into a ~30 kDa light chain fragment, termed β-FXIIa. The cleavage takes place at the peptide bond Arg353–Val354 and consequently, the active site released from the heavy chain and thus from surfaces." SIGNOR-263520 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser347 TFPAQSLsPEPLPQE 9606 14697653 t lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-120479 XPOT protein O43592 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9660920 t miannu "Exportin-t Is Predominantly Nuclear, Binds NPCs, and Shuttles Rapidly between Nucleus and Cytoplasm. RanGTP appears to have at least two functions in this complex. First, it stabilizes the tRNA/exportin-t interaction (see Figure 4B). Second, exportin-t apparently has to bind RanGTP for rapid exit from the nucleus . RanGTP causing a conformational change in exportin-t, which increases the affinity for export sites at the NPC. Exportin-t probably makes a direct contact to the NPC and accounts for the interactions that drive translocation of the tRNA/exportin-t/RanGTP complex out of the nucleus." SIGNOR-261393 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002882 15769897 t "we observed constitutive activation of Erk-1 and Erk-2, Akt, and of Shc by both Flt3-ITD and Flt3-D835Y" SIGNOR-261540 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser505 SPVAGVHsPMASSGN 9606 BTO:0000093 15383283 t miannu "P38 MAPK and JNK can phosphorylate multiple sites on SRC-3, including S505, S543, S860, and S867. Our results suggest that several kinases are important for phosphorylating SRC-3 and enhancing its interaction with DNA-dependent transcription factors and other coactivators." SIGNOR-250103 NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT CBS protein P35520 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12427542 f miannu "Our results further confirm the important transactivating role for NF-Y for the CBS-1b promoter, via its synergism with Sp1. While differential phosphorylation of Sp1 likely contributes to binding to multiple GC-/GT-boxes in the CBS-1b and promoter activation [16], NF-Y is clearly necessary for a maximal activation response." SIGNOR-254815 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser523 GVSDVPTsPTLQRPT 9534 BTO:0004055 16705159 t "16705160:the phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser523 inhibits Jak2 activity and represents a novel mechanism for the regulation of Jak2-dependent cytokine signaling." lperfetto "We hypothesize that phosphorylation of ser523 in jak2 by erks 1 and/or 2 or other as-yet-unidentified kinases acts in a negative feedback manner" SIGNOR-236331 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser140 GKKATQAsQEY 9606 18158901 t gcesareni "H2ax interacts with numerous proteins required for dna damage signaling and repair when phosphorylated on ser-140. Phosphorylation of ser-140 (h2ax139ph) in response to ionizing radiation is mediated by both atm and prkdc. Our data showed that h2ax is phosphorylated by uva-activated jnk." SIGNOR-160206 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NIBAN1 protein Q9BZQ8 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser602 ASPARRAsAILPGVL 9606 22510990 t llicata "We demonstrate here that ultraviolet irradiation induces phosphorylation of niban at s602 by akt, which increases the association of niban with nucleophosmin and disassociation of nucleophosmin from the mdm2 complex." SIGNOR-252530 MRPL11 protein Q9Y3B7 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262382 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Binding of IGF1 to its receptor leads to activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase and autophosphorylation, thus generating docking sites for insulin receptor substrate (IRS), which is also phosphorylated by the IGF1 receptor." SIGNOR-175665 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PITPNM1 protein O00562 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser382 DFIDAFAsPVEAEGT 9606 15125835 t lperfetto "Here we show that, at the onset of mitosis, cdk1 phosphorylates the peripheral golgi protein nir2 at multiple sites;of these, s382 is the most prominent. Phosphorylation of nir2 by cdk1 facilitates its dissociation from the golgi apparatus, and phospho-nir2(ps382) is localized in the cleavage furrow and midbody during cytokinesis." SIGNOR-124638 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr259 KGRFAEVyKAKLKQN -1 9169454 t lperfetto "Tryptic mapping and amino acid sequencing of in vitro autophosphorylated type ii receptor cytoplasmic domain allowed the localization of the sites of tyrosine phosphorylation to positions 259, 336, and 424. Replacement of all three tyrosines with phenylalanines strongly inhibited the kinase activity of the receptor, suggesting that tyrosine autophosphorylation may play an autoregulatory role for the kinase activity of this receptor." SIGNOR-48859 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT ADM protein P35318 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9480831 t "These findings suggest that NF-IL6 and AP-2 sites in the promoter region are the functional elements in the transcriptional regulation of human AM gene in vascular endothelial cells." SIGNOR-254047 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CRYAB protein P02511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21556774 t miannu "Aberrant expression of CRYAB has been shown to be associated with several neurological diseases and malignant neoplasms. To identify transcriptional regulators of CRYAB expression, we examined its promoter for binding sites of transcription factors and identified four potential AP-2 binding sites in addition to a p53 binding site reported previously|Taken together, our results indicate that AP-2_ up-regulates the transcription of the CRYAB gene through stabilizing p53" SIGNOR-253638 RPL11 protein P62913 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 25301064 t miannu "We report that rpl5 and rpl11 can also enhance the transcriptional activity of a p53 homolog tap73" SIGNOR-205514 PCC complex SIGNOR-C414 SIGNOR propionyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57392 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15890657 t miannu "Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of propionyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA. PCC consists of two heterologous subunits, alpha PCC and beta PCC, which are encoded by the nuclear PCCA and PCCB genes, respectively." SIGNOR-267184 "arachidonic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15843 ChEBI FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 15878913 f miannu "AA increases PC-3 prostate tumor cell growth, total DNA content and endogenous PGE 2 levels via induction of c-fos , cPLA 2 and cox-2 mRNA transcription." SIGNOR-255392 UNC13A protein Q9UPW8 UNIPROT SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 30267828 t miannu "In neuronal exocytosis, Munc18-1 (aSM-protein) and Munc13-1/2 (similar to CATCHRs) arethe relevant proteins responsible for SNARE-complex formation. Munc18-1 associates with syntaxin-1 in its‘closed’ conformation, i.e. with the regulatory Habc-domain folded against the SNARE (H3-)-domain. Opening-up of syntaxin is catalyzed by the Mun-domainwithin Munc13-1/2 and allows assembly with the partnerSNARE SNAP-25 and possibly VAMP2." SIGNOR-263971 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Ala617 ISEVKMDaEFRHDSG -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261737 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264151 streptozocin chemical CHEBI:9288 ChEBI SLC2A2 protein P11168 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 9421374 t miannu "In this study, we report that GLUT2 is a target molecule for MLD-STZ toxicity. Ex vivo, a gradual decrement of both GLUT2 protein and mRNA expression was found in pancreatic islets isolated from MLD-STZ-treated C57BL/6 male mice, whereas mRNA expression of beta-actin, glucokinase, and proinsulin remained unaffected. GLUT2 is a crucial target molecule of MLD-STZ toxicity, and this toxicity seems to precede the immune reactions against beta-cells." SIGNOR-259314 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 9381178 t "Active Akt induced a significant increase in BAD phosphorylation. mutant BAD with alanine substitutions at Ser112 and Ser136 was not phosphorylated by active Akt . phosphorylation of BAD by Akt will preclude its binding to membrane-anchored Bcl-xL, leading to increased cell survival." SIGNOR-252563 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR TNNI2 protein P48788 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136786 PIEZO1 protein Q92508 UNIPROT "Hair cells mechanotransduction channel" complex SIGNOR-C290 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The pore forming subunits of the hair cells mechanotransduction channel still need to be identified, but some candidates have emerged including TMC-1,TMC-2 (Kawashima et al., 2011), Piezo1 and Piezo2 (Coste et al., 2010; Coste et al., 2012)." SIGNOR-262571 OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT PFKP protein Q01813 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" glycosylation Ser540 VMVPATVsNNVPGSD 9606 BTO:0000018 26399441 t lperfetto "Our previous investigation on O-GlcNAcylation of PFK1 has demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation inhibits PFK1 enzyme activity|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively." SIGNOR-267583 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PAK6 protein Q9NQU5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser165 MPWPEPQsPRVLPNG 9606 15550393 t gcesareni "The activation of pak6 by both p38 map kinase and mkk6 suggests that pak6 plays a role in the cellular response to stress-related signals." SIGNOR-130979 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGA4 protein Q9Y5G9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265697 AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001176 21937427 f lperfetto "Taking together, our data indicate that Amotl2 plays a pivotal role in polarity, migration and proliferation of angiogenic endothelial cells." SIGNOR-271871 PIK3C2A protein O00443 UNIPROT PIPP smallmolecule CID:24755493 PUBCHEM up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 23119004 t "D3 position" gcesareni "Pi3ks phosphorylate the d3 position of membrane phosphatidylinositides to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3);" SIGNOR-199364 PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT SLC25A20 protein O43772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19577614 f miannu "CACT is upregulated by PPARalpha and PPARdelta, probably by binding to a functional PPRE at position +45 to +57 relative to the transcription start site. The upregulation of CACT by PPARalpha and PPARdelta, which are both important for the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in tissues during fasting, may increase the import of acylcarnitine into the mitochondrial matrix during fasting." SIGNOR-255048 NF2 protein P35240 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003324 27402866 t "Hippo pathway" Gianni "NF2 is activated by oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and mouse myocardium and facilitates apoptosis. NF2 promotes I/R injury through activation of Mst1 and inhibition of Yap, thereby regulating Hippo signaling in the adult heart." SIGNOR-269948 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser75 LGYEPEGsASPTPPY 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248494 TPH2 protein Q8IWU9 UNIPROT tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:27897 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31024440 t brain lperfetto "In serotonergic neurons Trp serves as the precursor for 5-HT. The 5-HT metabolic pathway is initiated by Trp being hydroxylated to the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is subsequently decarboxylated to become 5-HT|Thus, the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of 5-HT is the hydroxylation of Trp which is catalyzed by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) (Figure 1). This enzyme is specific for 5-HT producing cells, however, it is present in two different isoforms, TPH1 and TPH2 [reviewed in (22, 23)]." SIGNOR-264011 SAR1A protein Q9NR31 UNIPROT SEC23A protein Q15436 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding SIGNOR-C370 30605680 t lperfetto "Biogenesis of COPII vesicles is initiated by the activation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein secretion-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1) at specialized subdomains of the ER, called ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER (tER). Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer." SIGNOR-265299 EIF3A protein Q14152 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266400 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18677108 t miannu "Analysis of in vivo C-MYC interactions with TS, IMPDH2 and PRPS2 genes confirmed that they are direct C-MYC targets. C-MYC depletion did not significantly affect levels of E2F1 protein reported to regulate expression of many S-phase specific genes, but resulted in the repression of several genes encoding enzymes rate-limiting for dNTP metabolism. These included thymidylate synthase (TS), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 (PRPS2). C-MYC depletion also resulted in reduction in the amounts of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and inhibition of proliferation." SIGNOR-267374 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR USP37 protein Q86T82 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21596315 t lperfetto "USP37 is ubiquitinated by APCCDH1 in late mitosis and early G1 phase||Inactive USP37 now becomes a substrate for APCCDH1, undergoing K11-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Elimination of USP37 ensures that it does not antagonize APC/C substrate degradation during mitosis." SIGNOR-265048 PIGBOS1 protein A0A0B4J2F0 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0002181 31653868 f miannu "Here, we characterize a microprotein called PIGBOS and reveal a role for a mitochondrial protein in UPR signaling. Together, these results showed that loss of PIGBOS increases cellular sensitivity to ER stress, which in turn increases apoptosis and links PIGBOS levels to the ability of cells to survive stress." SIGNOR-261042 FES protein P07332 UNIPROT BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr177 ADAEKPFyVNVEFHH 9606 BTO:0000007 8955135 t "Mutagenesis of BCR Tyr-177 to Phe completely abolished FES-induced BCR binding to the GRB2 SH2 domain, identifying Tyr-177 as an additional phosphorylation site for FES. Co-expression of BCR and FES in human 293T cells stimulated the tyrosine autophosphorylation of FES. By contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR by FES suppressed BCR serine/threonine kinase activity toward the 14-3-3 protein and BCR substrate, BAP-1." SIGNOR-251136 OPHN1 protein O60890 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000938 12932438 t miannu "OPHN-1 colocalized with the actin cytoskeleton in neuronal and glial cells. We have previously shown that OPHN1 stimulates GTPases activity of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 in vitro" SIGNOR-268398 CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT DCTN1 protein Q14203 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15381688 t miannu "MT-unbound CLIP-170 can adopt a folded conformation through an intramolecular interaction of its terminal domains. Binding to MTs correlates with the unfolding of CLIP-170, which allows the interaction of the COOH-terminal domain with its binding partners, such as dynactin, resulting in their recruitment to the MT tip. The NH2 terminus of p150Glued binds directly to the COOH terminus of CLIP-170 through its second metal-binding motif." SIGNOR-252164 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr390 DSKFTRQtPVDSPDD 9606 11914378 t azuccotti "Thr229 phosphorylation requires prior phosphorylation of the Ser/Thr-Pro sites in the autoinhibitory domain and Thr389 in the linker domain [..]. Moreover, in vitro mTOR directly phosphorylates Ser371, and this event modulates Thr389phosphorylation by mTOR, compatible with earlier in vivo findings." SIGNOR-255842 SEMA3A protein Q14563 UNIPROT NRP1 protein O14786 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10196546 t gcesareni "Semaphorins a and e act as antagonists of neuropilin-1 and agonists of neuropilin-2 receptors." SIGNOR-66661 APBA1 protein Q02410 UNIPROT CASK protein O14936 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 11036064 t miannu "Interaction with Munc18 increases Mint1 binding to CASK." SIGNOR-264041 OFD1 protein O75665 UNIPROT ATG13 protein O75143 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 34027042 t miannu "The OFD1 protein inhibits autophagosome biogenesis by selective autophagy-mediated degradation of Autophagy Related 13 (ATG13), a component of the unc-51-like kinase (ULK1) autophagy initiation complex." SIGNOR-269107 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser88 FDGIWKAsFTTFTVT -1 8058322 t llicata "Here, we have identified this serine kinase activity as a casein kinase II-like enzyme, since the phosphorylation of caveolin-rich membrane domains is stimulated and inhibited by known effectors of casein kinase II (poly-L-lysine, endogenous polyamines, and a casein kinase II inhibitor peptide), but is unaffected by modulators of other known kinases. In support of these observations, caveolin contains a consensus sequence for casein kinase II phosphorylation in its cytoplasmic N-terminal domain (Ser-88)" SIGNOR-250835 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT IRF5 protein Q13568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser293 VELFGPIsLEQVRFP 9606 22412986 t lperfetto "Activation of interferon regulatory factor 5 by site specific phosphorylation. Although the gene induction by irf5 in the presence of tbk-1 was modest, phosphorylation by tbk-1 produced a significant shift in the mobility of irf5 in sds-page. For this reason we identified the residues that are phosphorylated on irf5 by tbk-1 with mass spectrometry. Ser-158 and ser-309 were found to be phosphorylated" SIGNOR-196532 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257938 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 25533466 t miannu "inhibition of adipogenesis does not require the JmjC demethylase domain of FBXL10, but it does require the F-box and leucine-rich repeat domains, which we show recruit a noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) containing RING1B, SKP1, PCGF1, and BCOR." SIGNOR-255278 miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 19219026 t Luana "Here we report that the c-Myc (hereafter referred to as Myc) oncogenic transcription factor, which is known to regulate microRNAs and stimulate cell proliferation, transcriptionally represses miR-23a and miR-23b, resulting in greater expression of their target protein, mitochondrial glutaminase, in human P-493 B lymphoma cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. " SIGNOR-268039 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser637 VDLSKVTsKCGSLGN -1 10090741 t miannu "We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation of tau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably the KXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320). This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau's affinity for microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau's assembly into PHFs." SIGNOR-250173 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT RACGAP1 protein Q9H0H5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser185 KKREKRRsTSRQFVD 9606 BTO:0000567 14744859 t llicata "It was found that the 5A fragment in which five Ser/Thr residues were substituted with Ala (S144A/T145A/S185A/T186A/S187A) fully prevented phosphorylation (Fig. 5B), confirming that Aurora B primarily phosphorylates five Ser/Thr residues in the basic region of MgcRacGAP. | the strong phosphorylation of the basic region of MgcRacGAP by Aurora B kinase was demonstrated, and this phosphorylation prevents the inhibition of MgcRacGAP GAP activity by PRC1" SIGNOR-250587 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PPP1R8 protein Q12972 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr335 NEPKKKKyAKEAWPG -1 11104670 t "Lyn phosphorylates both Tyr-264 and Tyr-335, but that the phosphorylation of Tyr-335 is dependent on the association of NIPP1 with RNA. The inhibitory potency of the C-terminal site of NIPP1 was decreased by phosphorylation of Tyr-335 and by the addition of RNA." SIGNOR-251406 UCHL5 protein Q9Y5K5 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination 9606 16027725 t gcesareni "Here, we report a novel interaction between smads and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase uch37, a deubiquitinating enzyme that could potentially reverse smurf-mediated ubiquitination. In gst pull down experiments, uch37 bound weakly to smad2 and smad3, and bound very strongly to smad7 in a region that is distinct from the -py- motif in smad7 that interacts with smurf ubiquitin ligases" SIGNOR-138876 "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266466 LPCAT4 protein Q643R3 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine chemical CHEBI:57643 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272770 CYP21A2 protein P08686 UNIPROT progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 25855791 t lperfetto "Cytochrome P450 (P450)4 21A2 is the major steroid 21-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-OH-progesterone) to form 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively" SIGNOR-268646 ARID5B protein Q14865 UNIPROT PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21532585 t miannu "We found that phosphorylated PHF2 then associates with ARID5B, a DNA-binding protein, and induce demethylation of methylated ARID5B. Assembly of the PHF2–ARID5B complex, its recruitment to target promoters, and its H3H9Me2 demethylase activity were dependent on PKA activity." SIGNOR-264515 SOHLH1 protein Q5JUK2 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0002181 22328502 t Luana "Our results suggest that SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 directly stimulate Kit transcription in postnatal spermatogonia, thus activating the signaling involved in spermatogonia differentiation and spermatogenetic progression." SIGNOR-266205 Collagen proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF103 SIGNOR ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 35268340 f miannu "The extracellular matrix is a structure composed of many molecules, including fibrillar (types I, II, III, V, XI, XXIV, XXVII) and non-fibrillar collagens (mainly basement membrane collagens: types IV, VIII, X), non-collagenous glycoproteins (elastin, laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, tenascin, osteopontin, osteonectin, entactin, periostin) embedded in a gel of negatively charged water-retaining glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as non-sulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulfated GAGs which are linked to a core protein to form proteoglycans (PGs)." SIGNOR-269732 CUDC-101 chemical CID:24756910 PUBCHEM HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20143778 t miannu "By incorporating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory functionality into the pharmacophore of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, we synthesized a novel series of compounds with potent, multiacting HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 inhibition and identified 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide 8 (CUDC-101) as a drug candidate, which is now in clinical development. 8 displays potent in vitro inhibitory activity against HDAC, EGFR, and HER2 with an IC(50) of 4.4, 2.4, and 15.7 nM, respectively." SIGNOR-262256 OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0005118 22194658 f "same result in PC12 cell" miannu "SiRNA effectively downregulated optineurin expression in RGC-5 and PC12 stable transfected cells. Optineurin siRNA significantly inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis in RGC-5 and PC12 cells. Microarray analysis identified 112 differentially expressed genes in optineurin siRNA transfected RGC-5 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), neurotrophin-3(Ntf3), synaptosomal-associated protein 25(Snap25), and neurofilament, light polypeptide(Nefl) was significantly downregulated in RGC-5 and PC12 cells transfected with optineurin siRNA." SIGNOR-259876 TSH complex SIGNOR-C412 SIGNOR TSHR protein P16473 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001379 25905363 t scontino "The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) is a member of the glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHRs), a sub-group of class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). TSHR and its ligand thyrotropin are of essential importance for growth and function of the thyroid gland." SIGNOR-267048 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr220 PETEENIyQVPTSQK 10090 11279201 t lperfetto "Dab1 is rapidly phosphorylated when neurons isolated from embryonic brains are stimulated with Reelin, and several tyrosines have been implicated in this response. Mice with phenylalanine substitutions of all five tyrosines (Tyr(185), Tyr(198), Tyr(200), Tyr(220), and Tyr(232)) exhibit a reeler phenotype, implying that tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for Dab1 function. Here we report that, although Src can phosphorylate all five tyrosines in vitro, Tyr(198) and Tyr(220) represent the major sites of Reelin-induced Dab1 phosphorylation in embryonic neurons." SIGNOR-247080 DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23405218 t gcesareni "The optimal function of mdm2 requires daxx, which stabilizes mdm2 through the deubiquitinase hausp/usp7 and also directly promotes mdm2's ubiquitin ligase activity towards p53." SIGNOR-200892 OGT protein O15294 UNIPROT PFKL protein P17858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" glycosylation Ser529 CVIPATIsNNVPGTD 9606 BTO:0000007 22923583 t lperfetto "O-GlcNAcylation was induced at serine 529 of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) in response to hypoxia. Glycosylation inhibited PFK1 activity and redirected glucose flux through the pentose phosphate pathway| O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to serine or threonine residues" SIGNOR-267585 PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 23994464 f apalma "The PI3Kγ pathway (but not PLCβ2/3) is required for chemotaxis of the cells while both pathways are required for GPCR-induced superoxide release" SIGNOR-255014 6alpha-methylprednisolone chemical CHEBI:6888 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 6749443 t "bronchial ashma" gcesareni SIGNOR-251696 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MKRN1 protein Q9UHC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271234 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 f apalma "Once in the nucleus, NF-kB can induce the transcription of iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1, which may then promote further NF-kB activation, as well as elevate the expression of other inflammatory mediators such as CCL2 and IL-6." SIGNOR-255356 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT LPP protein Q93052 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22886954 f miannu "Inactivation of rho kinase (rok) with rok inhibitors significantly inhibited lpp mrna expression" SIGNOR-191765 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1693 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248752 MMP3 protein P08254 UNIPROT HBEGF protein Q99075 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0000150 11043579 t gcesareni "It was concluded that mmp-3 cleaves hb-egf at a specific site in the jm domain and that this enzyme might regulate the conversion of hb-egf from being a juxtacrine to a paracrine/autocrine growth factor." SIGNOR-83339 USP14 protein P54578 UNIPROT CXCR4 protein P61073 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 26523394 t lperfetto "The physical interaction of CXCR4 and USP14 is paralleled by USP14-catalyzed deubiquitination of the receptor|We also observed that ubiquitination of CXCR4 facilitated receptor degradation, whereas overexpression of USP14 or RNAi-induced knockdown of USP14 blocked CXCL12-mediated CXCR4 degradation" SIGNOR-265057 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser111 ESNSDGAsPEPCTVT 9606 23024368 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of this site downregulates nanog, sox2, rex1 and upregulates bmp4, gata6, ddlx5." SIGNOR-192101 CFH protein P08603 UNIPROT C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19050261 t miannu "As a regulator of the alternative pathway, FH binds to C3b and inhibits the binding of factor B to C3b, acts as a cofactor for the factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b to iC3b (cofactor activity), and accelerates the decay of C3bBb, the alternative pathway C3 convertase (decay-accelerating activity)" SIGNOR-252141 CFH protein P08603 UNIPROT CFI protein P05156 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26806831 t lperfetto "FH also serves as cofactor for the serine protease factor I (FI) that cleaves C3b into iC3b, unable to form C3 convertase (Fig 1B)." SIGNOR-263490 ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16149046 f miannu "Constitutively active mutants of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and c-Jun additionally stimulated GTP cyclohydrolase I promoter activity, but to a lesser extent than the constitutively active CREB mutant. Enzymatic reactions that require tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactor are therefore indirectly controlled by signaling cascades involving the signal-responsive transcription factors CREB, c-Jun, and ATF2." SIGNOR-252226 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser197 TKSIYTRsVIDPVPA -1 10075701 t miannu "Eight autophosphorylation sites were identified in Cdc42-activated gamma-PAK, six of which are in common with those previously reported in alpha-PAK, while Ser-19 and Ser-165 appear to be uniquely phosphorylated in the gamma-form. Further, the phosphorylation of Ser-141, Ser-165, and Thr-402 was found to correlate with gamma-PAK activation. The information resulting from manual Edman degradation and from automated sequencing clearly identified Ser-192, Ser-197, and Thr-402 as the phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-250226 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1382 MKSRFVDsGEMSESF 9606 BTO:0000551 17434128 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cbp by ikkalpha promotes cell growth by switching the binding preference of cbp from p53 to nf-kappabhere, we show that ikkalpha phosphorylates cbp at serine 1382 and serine 1386 and consequently increases cbp's hat and transcriptional activities" SIGNOR-154329 GABBR1 protein Q9UBS5 UNIPROT "GABA-B receptor" complex SIGNOR-C336 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9872316 t brain lperfetto "Heterodimerization is required for the formation of a functional GABA(B) receptor.|These results indicate that, in vivo, functional brain GABA(B) receptors may be heterodimers composed of GABA(B)R1 and GABA(B)R2." SIGNOR-263742 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Akt, a member of the ser-ine/threonine-specific protein kinase, was found to phosphorylate osx and dlx5. akt interacts with and phosphorylates dlx5. In addition, we provide evidences that akt kinase activity is important for akt to enhance the protein stability and transcriptional activity of dlx5." SIGNOR-195546 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser293 GSTKRRKsMSGASPK 9606 23708659 t lperfetto "Rsk promotes g2/m transition through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b rsk is likely to be more active in mitotic cells than in interphase cells, as evidenced by the phosphorylation status of t359/s363 in rsk. Together, these findings indicate that rsk promotes g2/m transition in mammalian cells through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b." SIGNOR-252793 AVPR1B protein P47901 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256934 GPR183 protein P32249 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257202 HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT CD163 protein Q86VB7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16522161 t Regulation miannu "These data suggest that hemoglobin may mediate a stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis through the activation of CD163 on hematopoietic progenitor cells." SIGNOR-251747 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acid anion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57560 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15507492 t "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-267208 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001260 17079331 t lperfetto "The calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway has been found to play a role in regulating growth and differentiation in several cell types. However, the functional significance of NFAT in the vasculature is largely unclear. Here we show that NFATc1, NFATc3, and NFATc4 are expressed in human myometrial arteries. |Chronic inhibition of NFAT significantly reduced IL-6 production in intact myometrial arteries and inhibited cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from explants from the same arteries." SIGNOR-251730 MEPCE protein Q7L2J0 UNIPROT P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 32048991 t miannu "JMJD6 cleaves MePCE. we propose that JMJD6 is the cognate protease of MePCE and cleaves at the R171 site within MePCE. Experiments using purified JMJD6 showed that it could make a cut in an enzyme called MePCE, which belongs to the group of proteins that hold P-TEFb in its inactive form. The levels of activated Pol II were lower in cells without JMJD6 and higher in those without MePCE. Together, the results suggest that JMJD6 cuts MePCE to release P-TEFb, which then activates Pol II." SIGNOR-261038 (S)-dihydroorotate smallmolecule CHEBI:30864 ChEBI orotate smallmolecule CHEBI:30839 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30449682 t miannu "OXPHOS directly drives the respiration-coupled mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) that converts dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway" SIGNOR-267428 POLR3G protein O15318 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266127 RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_block phenotype SIGNOR-PH10 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165 10801445 f gcesareni "Although forced expression of either p130 or pRb in mouse C2 myoblasts efficiently blocked cell cycle progression, only p130 inhibited the differentiation program." SIGNOR-267287 REN protein P00797 UNIPROT AGT protein P01019 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 16816138 t "Angiotensinogen, an _-glycoprotein, is released from the liver (152, 250, 444) and is cleaved in the circulation by the enzyme renin that is secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney (245, 250, 540, 631) to form the decapeptide angiotensin (ANG) I" SIGNOR-252297 SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT SMAD5/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C205 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20957627 t lperfetto "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common smad (co-smad; smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-255267 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259703 NSL1 protein Q96IY1 UNIPROT "MIS12 complex" complex SIGNOR-C362 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27881301 t lperfetto "Human MIS12C (also known as MIND complex or Mtw1 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) contains the MIS12, PMF1, NSL1, and DSN1 subunits" SIGNOR-265191 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT IARS1 protein P41252 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269427 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr288 APSSRRTtLCGTLDY 9606 24867643 t lperfetto "The upstream pak1 kinase can phosphorylate aurora a at t288, autophosphorylation appears to be the essential mode of activation. Our experiments suggest that phosphorylation of t288 is important for regulation of the aurora2 kinase both for its activity and its stability" SIGNOR-205110 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr753 ERDINSLyDVSRMYV 9606 11606584 t gcesareni "By measuring the ability of human plcgamma2 to restore calcium responses to the b-cell receptor stimulation or oxidative stress in a b-cell line (dt40) deficient in plcgamma2, we have demonstrated that two tyrosine residues, tyr(753) and tyr(759), were important for the plcgamma2 signaling function.Of the two kinases that previously have been proposed to phosphorylate plcgamma2, btk, and syk, purified btk had much greater ability to phosphorylate recombinant plcgamma2 in vitro, whereas syk efficiently phosphorylated adapter protein blnk." SIGNOR-111069 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 LKHVTQSsRKLIRAD 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation" SIGNOR-129304 "Nucleosome_H3.1t variant" complex SIGNOR-C325 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20498094 f miannu "A histone H3 variant, H3T, is highly expressed in the testis, suggesting that it may play an important role in the chromatin reorganization required for meiosis and/or spermatogenesis. In the present study, we found that the nucleosome containing human H3T is significantly unstable both in vitro and in vivo, as compared to the conventional nucleosome containing H3.1." SIGNOR-263728 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 12612081 t "In this study, we investigated the downregulation of insulin receptor (IR) signaling by TCPTP. In response to insulin stimulation, the TC48-D182A and TC45-D182A substrate-trapping mutants formed stable complexes with the endogenous tyrosine-phosphorylated IR beta-subunit in 293 cells.|IR β-subunit phosphorylated on tyrosine and specifically on tyrosines 1162 and 1163 could be coimmunoprecipitated with the TC48-D182A and TC45-D182A mutants but not the wild-type TC48 or TC45 in response to insulin" SIGNOR-248386 PHF12 protein Q96QT6 UNIPROT TLE1 protein Q04724 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11390640 t miannu "We have cloned and characterized a new member of the PHD zinc finger family called Pf1 that interacts with two global transcription corepressors: mSin3A and TLE. Pf1 interacts with TLE. The Groucho/TLE proteins are members of an abundant corepressor family, and we hypothesized that Pf1 might interact with TLE family members. Together, these data suggest that in the absence of interactions with mSin3A, Gal4-Pf1 (102–273 L212P/A216P)-dependent repression can be attributed to interaction with endogenous TLE." SIGNOR-266994 CD3E protein P07766 UNIPROT CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12507424 t miannu "The T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) serves a critical role in the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells, and receptor triggering elicits a complex set of biological responses that serve to protect the organism from infectious agents. The receptor is composed of six different chains that form the TCR heterodimer responsible for ligand recognition, as well as the CD3γε, CD3δε, and ζζ signaling modules." SIGNOR-255294 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser641 KVTSKCGsLGNIHHK 9606 21215781 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Mark and pka phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably the kxgs motifs including ser262, ser324, and ser356, plus ser320)tau pseudophosphorylation at specific sites such as s262, s293, s324 and s356 was reported to induce tau conformational change and attenuate tau binding to microtubules (fischer et al., 2009). Then, newly soluble tau proteins are targeted by post-translational modifications that directly or indirectly alter tau conformation, promoting tau dimerization in an anti-parallel manner. Stable tau dimers form tau oligomers, which continue in the aggregation process" SIGNOR-171054 NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20817722 t miannu "In this study, we found that NPAS2, like BMAL1, is a direct target gene of RORα and REV-ERBα. it appears in the context of the NPAS2 promoter RORα functions as a transcriptional activator, but REV-ERBα may only function as an inhibitor of RORα activity by blocking binding." SIGNOR-267983 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19747485 f "Collectively, data establish that regulated WT1 followed by sequential Egr1 and Sp1 binding to elements within Prm1 mediate repression and subsequent induction of TPα during differentiation into the megakaryocytic phenotype, shedding significant insights into factors regulating TPα expression therein." SIGNOR-254253 doxepin chemical CHEBI:4710 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258879 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT XIAP protein P98170 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 11583623 t "Smac/DIABLO released from mitochondria" amattioni "Smac/diablo, an inhibitor of xiap, is released from mitochondria upon receiving apoptotic stimuli and binds to the bir2 and bir3 domains of xiap, thereby inhibiting its caspase-inhibitory activity" SIGNOR-110831 TCL1B protein O95988 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t lperfetto "In vivo, tcl1 forms trimers, which associate with akt. Tcl1 facilitates the oligomerization and activation of akt. Our data show that tcl1 is a novel akt kinase coactivator, which promotes akt-induced cell survival and proliferation." SIGNOR-244452 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT OSBP2 protein Q969R2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 30925160 t lperfetto "CK1a1, JNK1 and CDK1 had the highest site-specific activity for ORP4L, while CDK1, GSK3a, CK1a1 and GSK3b showed the highest specificity for the site when corrected for background activity with ORP4L-S4A. Because of the complexity of the serine/proline-rich site, we did not determine which serine(s) in ORP4L were phosphorylated by candidate kinases.|We conclude that phosphorylation of a unique serine/proline motif in the ORD induces a conformation change in ORP4L that enhances interaction with vimentin and cholesterol extraction from membranes." SIGNOR-264874 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser198 TRKSAPSsPTLDCEK 10090 BTO:0000142 12796778 t llicata "Three specific phosphorylation sites (Ser198, Thr219 and Ser231) and two weak phosphorylation sites (Ser242 and Thr245) for CDK5/p35 are located in this region of NUDEL | Each single or double mutant compromised,and the triple mutant completely eliminated, interaction with 14-3-3ε. | 14-3-3ε sustains NUDEL phosphorylation and protects it from phosphatase.e dynein motor function." SIGNOR-250675 PGAM1 protein P18669 UNIPROT 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266514 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PDX1 protein P52945 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser61 LGALEQGsPPDISPY 10090 BTO:0000783;BTO:0002284 16407209 t "Here we show that a minor portion of IPF1/PDX1 is phosphorylated on serine 61 and/or serine 66 in pancreatic beta-cells. This phosphorylated form of IPF1/PDX1 preferentially accumulates following proteasome inhibition, an effect that is prevented by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity." SIGNOR-255543 BFAR protein Q9NZS9 UNIPROT TMBIM6 protein P55061 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21068390 t miannu "BAR overexpression promotes BI-1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.We show here that bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BAR) functions as an ER-associated RING-type E3 ligase, interacts with BI-1, and promotes proteasomal degradation of BI-1. " SIGNOR-272778 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11741541 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Erk1/2 was found to phosphorylate the architectural transcription factor ubf at amino acids 117 and 201 within hmg boxes 1 and 2, preventing their interaction with dna" SIGNOR-270080 IFNL3 protein Q8IZI9 UNIPROT IFNLR1 protein Q8IU57 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12469119 t gcesareni "Il-28 and il-29 interacted with a heterodimeric class ii cytokine receptor that consisted of il-10 receptor beta (il-10rbeta) and an orphan class ii receptor chain, designated il-28ralpha." SIGNOR-96243 PTPRZ1 protein P23471 UNIPROT ARHGAP35 protein Q9NRY4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1105 RNEEENIySVPHDST 10090 BTO:0000601 16513268 t "Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z is involved in hippocampus-dependent memory formation through dephosphorylation at Y1105 on p190 RhoGAP| Furthermore, Ptprz selectively dephosphorylated pY1105 of p190 RhoGAP in vitro, and the tyrosine phosphorylation at Y1105 controls p190 RhoGAP activity in vivo." SIGNOR-248451 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT EIF4ENIF1 protein Q9NRA8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser693 ASITSMLsPSFTPTS 9606 22966201 t llicata "Identification of 4e-t phosphorylation sites regulated by jnk. identification of these residues as phosphorylation sites (ser301, ser374, ser513, ser587, ser693, and ser752) was obtained by ms/ms sequencing, these results demonstrate that jnk activity is required to stimulate the assembly of pbs in response to oxidative stress." SIGNOR-199000 PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "prostaglandin G2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:82629 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 7592599 t Luana "[14C]Arachidonate metabolism by oPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2 was examined in reactions with a series of GSP/Cox ratios (Fig. 3). The principal metabolite for both isoforms was the endoperoxide PGH2, with lesser amounts of PGF2a, PGE2, PGD2," SIGNOR-269771 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 21454478 t gcesareni "In ad-dition, some proteins (e.g. Chip, carboxyl terminus of hsc70-interacting protein) inhibit the signaling activities of smad1/5 by recruiting smad1/5 from the functional r-/co-smad complex and further pro-moting the ubiquitination and degradation of smad1/5 in a chaperone-independent manner" SIGNOR-172993 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11016919 t lperfetto "The ability of smurf2 to promote smad2 destruction required the hect catalytic activity of smurf2 and depended on the proteasome-dependent pathway." SIGNOR-236133 G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT G3BP2 protein Q9UN86 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23279204 t miannu "Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a component of SGs that initiates the assembly of SGs by forming a multimer. In this study, we examined the role of G3BP2, a close relative of G3BP1, in SG formation. Although single knockdown of either G3BP1 or G3BP2 in 293T cells partially reduced the number of SG-positive cells induced by arsenite, the knockdowns of both genes significantly reduced the number. G3BP2 formed a homo-multimer and a hetero-multimer with G3BP1. Moreover, like G3BP1, the overexpression of G3BP2 induced SGs even without stress stimuli." SIGNOR-260862 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr433 DCDFGDLtPLDF 9606 10428966 t lperfetto "These results suggest that tfiih-mediated phosphorylation of e2f-1 plays a role in triggering e2f-1 degradation during s phase.  here we show that the e2f-1 activation domain interacts with a kinase activity which phosphorylates two sites, ser403 and thr433, within the activation domain." SIGNOR-269354 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI FOSB protein P53539 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-189629 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT MFN2 protein O95140 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000793 20871098 t miannu "Parkin and PINK1 are required for ubiquitination of MFN-1 and MFN-2.  Decreases in MFN-1 and MFN-2 protein levels seen at later timepoints are difficult to interpret as it is unclear whether this is due to degradation by the proteasome and/or loss of whole mitochondria by mitophagy." SIGNOR-272780 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 28793257 f "Among histone-modifying enzymes, HDAC2 is a crit- ical negative regulator of structural and functional plasticity in the mammalian nervous system (Guan et al., 2009; Hanson et al., 2013). HDAC2 localizes to the promoters of numerous synap- tic-plasticity-associated genes, where it deacetylates histone substrates (Gra ̈ ff et al., 2012; Guan et al., 2009). Consistently, loss of HDAC2 or HDAC inhibitor treatments promotes synaptic gene expression, long-term synaptic plasticity, and memory pro- cesses, while HDAC2 overexpression has opposing effects" SIGNOR-268624 CYSLTR2 protein Q9NS75 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256746 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0002572 22863277 f "inferred from 70% of family members" milica "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2, thereby activating yap and taz transcription coactivators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-269868 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 15537652 t gcesareni "Here we provide evidence that fyn kinase, a member of the src kinase family, is involved in the uvb-induced phosphorylation of histone h3 at serine 10" SIGNOR-265330 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15498859 f "Pim-1 is a proto-oncogene and is known to be up-regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), which itself is a downstream target of FLT3 signaling. constitutively activated FLT3 signaling up-regulates Pim-1 expression in leukemia cells." SIGNOR-261519 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser269 GNLLGRNsFEVRVCA 9606 20959462 t llicata "Importantly, the aurora b-mediated phosphorylation on ser(269) or thr(284) significantly compromises p53 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-168745 RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT CLEC1B protein Q9P126 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19785988 t miannu "In this study, we reported that RACK1, the receptor for activated C-kinase 1, associated with the cytoplasmic tail of CLEC-2. Moreover, overexpression of RACK1 decreased the stability of CLEC-2 through promoting its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, without impairing surface expression and downstream signaling of CLEC-2. Taken together, these results suggest RACK1 as a novel modulator of CLEC-2 expression.Previous reports indicated that RACK1 mediated ubiquitin–proteasome degradation of HIF-1a and BimEL by recruiting Elongin-C/B ubiquitin ligase complex" SIGNOR-272781 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT NF90-NF45 complex SIGNOR-C443 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000782 33555115 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate that NFAT, a key regulator of the immune response, translocates from cytoplasm to nucleolus and interacts with NF45/NF90 complex to collaboratively promote rDNA transcription via triggering the directly binding of NF45/NF90 to the ARRE2-like sequences in rDNA promoter upon T-cell activation in vitro. NF45/NF90‐mediated rDNA transcription contributes to T‐cell activation by interacting with NFATc2 in the nucleolus" SIGNOR-268492 CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT SOD1 protein P00441 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000792 20385105 f miannu "Expression of CEBPD reduced cisplatin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in NTUB1 cells by inducing the expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) via direct promoter transactivation." SIGNOR-253774 DRD1 protein P21728 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256939 SH3GLB1 protein Q9Y371 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16227588 t gcesareni "Here, we provide evidence that bif-1 plays a regulatory role in apoptotic activation of not only bax but also bak and appears to be involved in suppression of tumorigenesis. while bif-1 did not directly interact with bak, it heterodimerized with bax on mitochondria in intact cells, and this interaction was enhanced by apoptosis induction and preceded the bax conformational change." SIGNOR-141166 RB1CC1 protein Q8TDY2 UNIPROT ULK1/Atg13/Fip200 complex SIGNOR-C100 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23863160 t lperfetto "In mammals, two protein complexes, namely the ULK1-Atg13-FIP200 (200kDa focal adhesion kinase family-interacting protein) complex and the Beclin–Vps34 complex, function jointly to produce the phagophore membrane, the initial phase of autophagosome formation." SIGNOR-209887 SOHLH1 protein Q5JUK2 UNIPROT LHX8 protein Q68G74 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 16690745 t Luana "Cotransfection of a mouse Sohlh1 expression vector with E box-containing promoter regions of mouse Lhx8, Zp1, and Zp3 fused to luciferase resulted in significant transactivation . Mutation of the E box sequences abolished SOHLH1-dependent stimulation. Thus, Lhx8, Zp1, and Zp3 are likely direct downstream target genes of SOHLH1 through the E box elements in their promoters." SIGNOR-266076 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MNX1 protein P50219 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser77 ADRLRAEsPSPPRLL 9606 24425879 t miannu "Here we show that gsk-3_ inactivates the proapoptotic activity of hlxb9 by phosphorylating hlxb9 at ser-78/ser-80 (phlxb9)." SIGNOR-203657 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT CCN2 protein P29279 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255160 APP protein P05067 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 16446437 f gcesareni "These results suggest a direct relationship between app proteolytic processing, but not amyloid-_, in gsk-3_ activation and tau phosphorylation in human neurons." SIGNOR-144057 ZFYVE26 protein Q68DK2 UNIPROT TTC19 protein Q6DKK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20208530 t miannu "We show that PtdIns(3)P localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis and recruits a centrosomal protein, FYVE-CENT (ZFYVE26), and its binding partner TTC19, which in turn interacts with CHMP4B, an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III subunit implicated in the abscission step of cytokinesis. FYVE-CENT interacts with KIF13A and TTC19" SIGNOR-265538 Cytoplasmic_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF67 SIGNOR Spindle_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH60 SIGNOR up-regulates 16440056 f lperfetto "The most abundant cytoplasmic dynein complex, cytoplasmic dynein 1, is involved in functions as diverse as spindle-pole organization and nuclear migration during mitosis, the positioning and functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and the nucleus, and also the minus-end-directed transport of vesicles, including endosomes and lysosomes, along microtubules and retrograde axonal transport in neurons." SIGNOR-265059 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr751 SKDESVDyVPMLDMK -1 7545675 t "Upon activation, the βPDGFR is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine residues and thereby becomes a docking site for SH2-domain-containing signal transduction proteins.|While all phosphotyrosine sites on the βPDGFR are equally good targets for rPTP1B, maps of the βPDGFR dephosphorylated by rSyp showed that rSyp had a distinct preference for certain sites (Fig. 4 D-F). The low dose of rSyp primarily dephosphorylated spots 1, 6, 7, 9, and to a lesser extent 8a|Spot 1 corresponds to tyrosine 751; spot 3 corresponds to tyrosine 1009; spot 6 corresponds to tyrosine 740; spot 8b corresponds to tyrosine 1021; spot 9 corresponds to tyrosine 771, and spots 2, 7, and 8a are as yet unidentified phosphopeptides" SIGNOR-248668 "1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynyl ester" chemical CHEBI:92418 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258635 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT CD28 protein P10747 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr218 PPRDFAAyRS 8992971 t "EMT can phosphorylate all four tyrosines of the CD28 tail. in vivo, tyrosines other than tyrosine 173 become phosphorylated following CD28 stimulation, this finding suggests that, like LCK, one function of EMT during CD28 signaling is phosphorylation of the receptor." SIGNOR-251337 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21892142 f gcesareni "Collectively, these findings suggest ampk suppresses glucose production through two transcriptional effects:reduced expression of creb targets via crtc inactivation and reduced expression of foxo target genes via class iia hdac inactivation" SIGNOR-176475 ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Pi3k is the sole binding partner to six tyrosines of erbb3 and one in erbb4." SIGNOR-146864 RAC2 protein P15153 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9705280 t gcesareni "This report shows that rac1 binds to and stimulates the kinase activity of pak1 approximately 2- and 4-5-fold, respectively, better than rac2." SIGNOR-59546 ODC1 protein P11926 UNIPROT spermine smallmolecule CHEBI:15746 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14617280 t miannu "Arginase generates ornithine, an aminoacid that can be further metabolized to proline via ornithine aminotransferase and to polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)" SIGNOR-256035 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS4 protein O14654 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9553137 t gcesareni "Insulin-like growth factor i acting through its receptor was as effective as insulin in eliciting tyrosine phosphorylation of irs-4." SIGNOR-56604 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser468 AVFTDLAsVDNSEFQ 9606 BTO:0000782 SIGNOR-C13 16407239 t gcesareni "Rela is phosphorylated at: ser276 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac), msk1 and msk2; at ser311 by the atypical pkczeta; at ser468 by ikkbeta, ikkepsilon and glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta); at ser529 by ck2; and at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1)) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k) ." SIGNOR-143581 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT GRAP protein Q13588 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7809090 t gcesareni "Here we report that both in cell extracts and within intact mammalian cells vav binds to grb2 (sem-5/ash/drk), an adaptor molecule which plays a key role in ras activation." SIGNOR-33840 (R)-salbutamol chemical CHEBI:8746 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 20590599 t Luana "Denopamine is the most selective ligand for β1-receptors, with regard to intrinsic activity and efficacy, and clenbuterol, procaterol, zinterol, AZ 40140d and salbutamol are more selective for the β2-adrenoceptor than the β1-adrenoceptor based on intrinsic activity and efficacy. " SIGNOR-257865 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 phosphorylation:Thr286 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1 " SIGNOR-271630 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253435 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2H protein P62256 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271328 THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001073 29407449 t scontino "We found that the T3-bound TR inhibits this reporter construct driven by GATA2 alone, indicating that the target of T3-bound TR repression is GATA2." SIGNOR-267256 FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 14585074 t lperfetto "The fas receptor, upon binding to the fasl, trimerizes" SIGNOR-85991 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PKD2 protein Q13563 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser801 SSLPRPMsSRSFPRS 9606 BTO:0000007 20881056 t miannu "Here, we report the identification of a previously unrecognized phosphorylation site within the polycystin-2 C terminus (Ser801), and we demonstrate that it is phosphorylated by protein kinase D. Phosphorylation at this site was significantly increased in response to serum and epidermal growth factor stimulation.We confirmed previous studies showing that PC2 mediated Ca2+ release from the ER can be stimulated by ATP.Phosphorylation at Ser801 seems to be permissive for this activity without altering the subcellular localization nor homophilic and heterophilic (with PC1) interactions of wild-type PC2." SIGNOR-259829 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR isoleucine smallmolecule CHEBI:24898 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270421 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269424 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253500 ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256901 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr362 DPKEDPIyDEPEGLA 10029 BTO:0000246 11551902 t "Insulin receptor-mediated p62dok tyrosine phosphorylation at residues 362 and 398. p62(dok) is a direct substrate for the IR tyrosine kinase and that phosphorylation at Tyr(362) and Tyr(398) plays an essential role for p62(dok) to interact with its effectors and negatively regulate the insulin signaling pathway." SIGNOR-251307 ZNF140 protein P52738 UNIPROT FCGR3B protein O75015 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0002269 11470777 t Luana "Thus, these results indicate that these cloned ZNF140 and ZNF91 proteins function as repressors for the human Fc gamma RIIB transcription." SIGNOR-266214 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 10195903 t "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-252332 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser270 EFRPRSKsQSSSNCS -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251289 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FCGR2A protein P12318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 TDDDKNIyLTLPPND -1 8756631 t lperfetto "To identify the FcgammaRII-phosphorylating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), we used the combination of an in vitro and an in vivo approach. In an in vitro assay using recombinant cytoplasmic tails of the different FcgammaRII isoforms as well as tyrosine exchange mutants, we show that each of the BCR-associated PTKs (Lyn, Blk, Fyn, and Syk) shows different phosphorylation patterns with regard to the different FcgammaR isoforms and point|Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of Fc_RIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addi-tion to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249337 GALR3 protein O60755 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256998 PAICS protein P22234 UNIPROT L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The next two reactions (steps 6 and 7) involve carb oxylation of AIR to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonu cleotide (CAIR) and ligation of the carboxy group of CAIR with an amide group derived from Asp in an ATP dependent reaction forming 4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)- 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR). These reac tions are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS)." SIGNOR-267321 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RFPL3 protein O75679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271148 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT TSPAN15 protein O95858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254862 PARD6A protein Q9NPB6 UNIPROT PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22544755 t lperfetto "The Par complex member Par-6, previously thought to inhibit aPKC, is a potent activator of aPKC in our assays. Par-6 and aPKC interact via PB1 domain heterodimerization, and this interaction activates aPKC by displacing the pseudosubstrate, although full activity requires the Par-6 CRIB-PDZ domains." SIGNOR-227489 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252821 oxaprozin chemical CHEBI:7822 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000132;BTO:0003652 9650852 t miannu "We used human platelets cyclooxygenase-1 and interleukin-1beta-stimulated human synovial cell cyclooxygenase-2 for measuring cyclooxygenase selectivity. The presence of the enzymes was confirmed by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analysis, and by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Mean IC50 values (microM) for human platelet cyclooxygenase-1 and interleukin-1beta-stimulated human synovial cell cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclooxygenase-1/-2 IC50 ratio of various NSAIDs were as follows: aspirin, 3.2, 26, 0.12; diclofenac, 0.037, 0.00097, 38; etodolac, 122, 0.68, 179; ibuprofen, 3.0, 3.5, 0.86; indomethacin, 0.013, 0.044, 0.30; loxoprofen (active metabolite), 0.38, 0.12, 3.2; NS-398, 12, 0.0095, 1263; oxaprozin, 2.2, 36, 0.061; zaltoprofen, 1.3, 0.34, 3.8; respectively." SIGNOR-258930 GRIA1 protein P42261 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264947 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT FAM162A protein Q96A26 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15082785 t Giulio "In this work, we report the identification of an HIF-1 alpha-responsive proapoptotic molecule, HGTD-P. Its expression was directly regulated by HIF-1 alpha through a hypoxia-responsive element on the HGTD-P promoter region." SIGNOR-260292 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15618521 t gcesareni "Raf-1 prevents dimerization and phosphorylation of the activation loop of mst2 independently of its protein kinase activity.Raf-1 counteracts apoptosis by suppressing the activation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase (mst2)" SIGNOR-132824 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT MYOD/HEB complex SIGNOR-C128 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241110 DLC1 protein Q96QB1 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004006 phosphorylation:Ser1943 RKGAGDGsDEEVDGK 26977077 t miannu "Our study has shown that Dlc1 interacts with non-muscle myosin heavy chain II-A (Myh9), plectin and spectrin proteins in different multiprotein complexes. Overexpression of Dlc1 led to increased phosphorylation of Myh9 protein and activation of Rac1 GTPase. Dlc1 interacts with phosphorylated Myh9 (Ser-1943). This association of Dlc1 with S1943 phosphorylated Myh9, suggests that Dlc1 may be involved in reduced Myh9 filament stability." SIGNOR-269283 RBM38 protein Q9H0Z9 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 17050675 t Luana "Here, we found that RNPC1, an RNA-binding protein and a target of the p53 family, is required for maintaining the stability of the basal and stress-induced p21 transcript." SIGNOR-275391 TRPC4AP protein Q8TEL6 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20551172 t miannu "We characterize a new Myc-interacting factor, TRPC4AP (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4-associated protein)/TRUSS (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated ubiquitous scaffolding and signaling protein), which is the receptor for a DDB1 (damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1)-CUL4 (Cullin 4) E3 ligase complex for selective Myc degradation through the proteasome. TRPC4AP/TRUSS binds specifically to the Myc C terminus and promotes its ubiquitination and destruction through the recognition of evolutionarily conserved domains in the Myc N terminus. " SIGNOR-271963 MAPK8IP1 protein Q9UQF2 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20508646 t "Interferes with binding to RBP-J" gcesareni "Here, we show that jip1 suppresses notch1 activity. Jip1 was found to physically associate with either intracellular domain of notch1 or rbp-jk and interfere with the interaction between them." SIGNOR-165710 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000944 8131746 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at ser-218 and ser-222 by map kinase kinase kinases (raf or mekk1) positively regulates mek1 kinase activity." SIGNOR-244881 CFL2 protein Q9Y281 UNIPROT F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "Cofilin also binds to actin and contributes to the disassembly of actin filaments and the subsequent release of actin monomers." SIGNOR-261837 "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269025 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269611 Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 21106647 f miannu "Axon outgrowth and guidance to the proper target requires the coordination of filamentous (F)-actin and microtubules (MTs), the dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that promote shape change and locomotion." SIGNOR-268383 AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 29074724 t lperfetto "PRPS1 is inhibited by the nucleotide biosynthesis products ADP, AMP, and GDP" SIGNOR-265737 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1943 RKGAGDGsDEEVDGK 9606 BTO:0000150 17567956 t gcesareni "In egf-stimulated cells, the myosin-iia heavy chain is phosphorylated on the casein kinase 2 site (s1943)" SIGNOR-155987 QRICH1 protein Q2TAL8 UNIPROT EARS2 protein Q5JPH6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269402 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser153 SMTDFYHsKRRLIFS 9606 16055744 t lperfetto "Binding of calmodulin to the carboxy-terminal region of p21 induces nuclear accumulation via inhibition of protein kinase c-mediated phosphorylation of ser153| When phosphorylated at Ser153, p21 is located at the cytoplasm and disrupts stress fibers." SIGNOR-139302 IQSEC2 protein Q5JU85 UNIPROT GRIA4 protein P48058 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 27009485 t miannu "BRAG1 increases the synaptic recycling pool of AMPARs.these data suggest that the BRAG1 enhancement of AMPAR transmission is mediated by the increased expression of the recycling pool of synaptic GluA2/3 receptors." SIGNOR-264915 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr145 QGRKRRQtSMTDFYH 9606 16982699 t gcesareni "Whereas akt1 phosphorylates p21, inducing its release from cdk2 and cytoplasmic localization as previously described for akt." SIGNOR-244184 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1166 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL 9606 8940173 t lperfetto "Src phosphorylates the insulin-like growth factor type i receptor on the autophosphorylation sites. Requirement for transformation by srcsrc kinase can substitute for the receptor kinase in phosphorylating and activating the igf-i receptor" SIGNOR-45130 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 10090 17353188 t "Reduction in the levels of both LMW-PTP isoforms in vitro and in vivo increased tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and AktSer473 and increased IRS-1- and IRS-2-associated PI3-K activities in both liver and fat.|Activated PI3-K stimulates Akt (or protein kinase B) that in turn phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3" SIGNOR-248455 (S,S)-asenapine chemical CHEBI:71257 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258566 "MSH release-inhibiting hormone" smallmolecule CID:56842142 PUBCHEM MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257538 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254855 REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 17453016 f "NRSF represses neuronal differentiation by binding to conserved NRS elements (NRSEs) in gene promoters in non-neuronal cells, where it associates with one of several large repressor complexes, including the transcriptional co-repressor mSIN3a/b, nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 (N-CoR1), and coREST/histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). In this way, NRSF keeps neural-specific genes turned off in non-neuronal cells." SIGNOR-268622 GRM4 protein Q14833 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening." SIGNOR-264935 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000132 27871158 t lperfetto "Gelsolin is an actin binding protein that severs and caps the barbed-end actin filaments to prevent actin monomer exchange upon intracellular calcium increase in the initial step." SIGNOR-261844 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser672 TLYDRYSsPPASTTR 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130. all three residues selectively targeted by cdk4(6), t401 (n-terminus), s672 (spacer region) and s1035 (c-terminus)" SIGNOR-104715 tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29172 ChEBI Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270459 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 21902831 t gcesareni "Not much is known about how this occurs, but inhibition of mef2c by cdk4 prevents the association of mef2 with its transcriptional coactivator, glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (grip1)." SIGNOR-176521 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22575959 t gcesareni "Znrf3 is associated with the wnt receptor complex, and inhibits wnt by promoting the turnover of frizzled and lrp6. Frizzled receptors are regu__lated by cycles of ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation, and znrf3 and rnf43 act as frizzled ubiquitin ligases, removing frizzled and possibly lrp6 from the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-197420 EAF1 protein Q96JC9 UNIPROT ELL protein P55199 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16006523 t miannu "Positive regulation of ell elongation activity depends on stable binding of eaf1 to the ell n terminus" SIGNOR-138516 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser178 LFTQRQNsAPARMLS 9606 14559997 t "Phosphorylation is the signal for ubiquitination" gcesareni "The order and fidelity of cell cycle events in mammals is intimately linked to the integrity of the Chk1 kinase-Cdc25A phosphatase pathway. Chk1 phosphorylation targets Cdc25A for destruction and, as shown here, inhibits interactions between Cdc25A and its mitotic substrate cyclin B1-Cdk1. Phosphorylation of Cdc25A on serine 178 and threonine 507 facilitates 14-3-3 binding, and Chk1 phosphorylates both residues in vitro." SIGNOR-118759 NTRK3 protein Q16288 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10092678 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that the phosphotyrosine binding domain of frs-2 directly binds the trk receptors at the same phosphotyrosine residue that binds the signaling adapter shc, suggesting a model in which competitive binding between frs-2 and shc regulates differentiation versus proliferation." SIGNOR-65958 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TIFA protein Q96CG3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr9 TSFEDADtEETVTCL 9606 BTO:0001545 28069801 t miannu "Here, we report that Aurora A is essential for Thr9 phosphorylation of the TRAF-interacting protein TIFA, triggering activation of the NF-κB survival pathway in AML. " SIGNOR-273551 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser144 GDVGALEsLRGNADL 9606 16287866 t gcesareni "Inhibitor sensitivity and interactions with caspase 9 indicate that the predominant kinase that targets ser144 is the atypical protein kinase c isoform zeta (pkczeta)." SIGNOR-141629 CEP290 protein O15078 UNIPROT RAB8A protein P61006 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 18694559 t miannu "CEP290 cooperates with Rab8a to promote ciliogenesis and this function is antagonized by CP110. CEP290 recruits Rab8a to centrosomes. Depletion of CEP290 results in a significant decrease of Rab8a at the centrosome and at the cilium, raising the possibility that CEP290 first recruits Rab8a through direct protein-protein interactions to the centrosome in cycling cells and later promotes ciliogenesis by allowing the entry of Rab8a into the cilium" SIGNOR-252146 ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29084849 t miannu "Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) converts aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. ASNS is present in most, if not all, mammalian organs, but varies widely in basal expression. Human ASNS activity is highly responsive to cellular stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7." SIGNOR-267532 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser320 ASPGRPSsVDTLLSP 9606 21085490 t lperfetto "Protein kinase a binds and activates heat shock factor 1hsf1 binds avidly to the catalytic subunit of pka, (pkac_) and becomes phosphorylated on a novel serine phosphorylation site within its central regulatory domain (serine 320 or s320), both in vitro and in vivo. Intracellular pkac_ levels and phosphorylation of hsf1 at s320 were both required for hsf1 to be localized to the nucleus, bind to response elements in the promoter of an hsf1 target gene" SIGNOR-169853 C1S protein P09871 UNIPROT "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 29449492 t lperfetto "The complement system is part of our innate immune system. The classical complement pathway is triggered by activation of the C1 initiation complex upon binding to cell surfaces. C1, or C1qr2s2, consists of four proteases, C1r and C1s, that associate with C1q, which contains antibody-binding sites.|The reconstruction reveals densities for all C1q collagen-like triple helices and gC1q modules, C1r and C1s proteases" SIGNOR-263394 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR CDR2 protein Q01850 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 20383333 t lperfetto "Here we find that cdr2 is cell cycle regulated in tumor cells with protein levels peaking in mitosis. As cells exit mitosis, cdr2 is ubiquitinated by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and rapidly degraded by the proteasome. Previously we showed that cdr2 binds to the oncogene c-myc, and here we extend this observation to show that cdr2 and c-myc interact to synergistically regulate c-myc-dependent transcription during passage through mitosis." SIGNOR-252024 STAP1 protein Q9ULZ2 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10679268 t miannu "STAP-1 was tyrosine-phosphorylated by activated c-kit. An in vitro binding assay suggested that the STAP-1 SH2 domain interacted with several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins including c-kit and STAT5. These suggest that STAP-1 functions as an adaptor molecule downstream of c-kit in hematopoietic stem cells." SIGNOR-261822 "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR Melanosome_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH180 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22203680 f lperfetto "Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) 6 are present in a range of cells in multicellular eukaryotes and include lytic granules, lung lamellar bodies, platelet-dense granules, and melanosomes (1.). The melanosome of the pigment cells in the skin and eye is the best studied of the LROs (1., 2.). The biogenesis of the melanosome and other LROs requires the AP-3 adaptor complex, the class C Vps complex, and three BLOC (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex) complexes" SIGNOR-265941 RAD50 protein Q92878 UNIPROT MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex SIGNOR-C147 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 17713585 t lperfetto "The mre11_rad50_nbs1 (mrn) complex is among the earliest respondents to dna double-strand breaks (dsbs). To organize the mrn complex, the mre11 exonuclease directly binds nbs1, dna, and rad50." SIGNOR-251506 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 SSPDKRLtLSQIYEW 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-238813 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001620 19581926 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO45 promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of p73.Importantly, SCFFBXO45 ubiquitylates p73 both in vivo and in vitro. Expression of Cul1 dominant negative mutant, but not Cul2, Cul3, Cul4 and Cul5 dominant negative mutants, increased p73 levels (Figure 1c) to an extent similar to that observed in the ts41 cell line at not permissive temperature, suggesting that a Cul1-associated activity is required for p73 protein stability." SIGNOR-271877 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29184 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269492 PI4K2B protein Q8TCG2 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17526 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10101268 t miannu "The enzymes PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4K, for nomenclature see [3]) and PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PI4P5K) catalyse the phosphorylation of PtdIns at the D4 and consecutively at the D5 position." SIGNOR-269101 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CLTC protein Q00610 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1477 LFITEEDyQALRTSI 9606 10089883 t gcesareni "Egf-mediated clathrin phosphorylation is followed by clathrin redistribution to the cell periphery and is the product of downstream activation of src kinase by egf receptor (egfr) signaling" SIGNOR-65714 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI FGF1 protein P05230 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17620431 t miannu "Pazopanib inhibition of a number of kinases outside of the VEGFR family was also determined. These included Abl1; Akt3; activin-like kinase 6; cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin A; cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin A; c-fms; c-Kit; epidermal growth factor receptor; ErbB2; ErbB4; EphB4; focal adhesion kinase; FGF receptors (FGFR) 1, 2, and 3; Flt-3; glycogen synthase kinase 3; insulin-like growth factor type I receptor; insulin receptor; interleukin-2–inducible T-cell kinase; c-jun NH2-terminal kinases 1, 2, and 3; lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (murine); Met; p38α; PDGFRα and PDGFRβ; protein kinase C-β1 and -β2; polo-like kinases 1 and 3; Ret; Src; Syk; Tie-2; and Wee1. All assays were conducted using purified, recombinantly expressed catalytic domains of the kinases. " SIGNOR-259166 SF3B6 protein Q9Y3B4 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270675 TNPO1 protein Q92973 UNIPROT HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 29970603 t lperfetto "TNPO1 only mediates the nuclear import of a subset of proteins.|Among TNPO1 cargos, the most extensively characterized is the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein 1 (hnRNPA1) (27), which functions in several processes including mRNA biogenesis and promotion of transcription factor activity (28–30). NPC protein NUP153 is also a target for TNPO1-mediated nuclear import" SIGNOR-262099 ALOX15 protein P16050 UNIPROT 15(S)-HETE smallmolecule CHEBI:15558 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12517954 t lperfetto "In A549 cells activation of 15-LOX by IL-4 required the coactivation of histone acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein/p300 and led to a sizable production of 15(S)-HETE" SIGNOR-254094 NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT LYL1 protein P12980 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19608273 f "Sequence analysis of the LYL1 promoter region revealed potential binding sites for transcription factors HOXA10, LMO2 and NKX2-5. Overexpression analysis, reporter gene assays and chromatin immuno-precipitation confirmed their activating impact on LYL1 expression. In conclusion, we identified multiple mechanisms which activate LYL1 in leukemic cells, including structural genomic alterations, namely microdeletion or amplification, together with the involvement of prominent oncogenic transcription factors." SIGNOR-253655 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004760 15574429 f "Furthermore, a small but reproducible growth/survival advantage was observed in both TF-1 and TF-1/ITD cells when SHP-1 expression was knocked down by RNAi. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that suppression of SHP-1 by FLT3/ITD signaling may be another mechanism contributing to the transformation by FLT3/ITD mutations" SIGNOR-259950 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR USP37 protein Q86T82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser628 MVNSCITsPSTPSKK 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 21596315 t lperfetto "There is positive reinforcement of this signaling mechanism because phosphorylation of Ser628 by CDK2/cyclin E and CDK2/cyclin A complexes produces maximal USP37 activity" SIGNOR-265046 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 MVPGGDRsPSRMLPP 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 16407259 t llicata "In vitro kinase assays using recombinant cdc2 kinase showed that runx2 was phosphorylated at ser(451) the cdc2 inhibitor roscovitine dose dependently inhibited in vivo runx2 dna-binding activity during mitosis and the runx2 mutant s451a exhibited lower dna-binding activity and reduced stimulation of anchorage-independent growth relative to wild type runx2." SIGNOR-143586 sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 29863287 f miannu "Axonal excitability is an important determinant for the accuracy, direction, and velocity of neuronal signaling. The mechanisms underlying spike generation in the axonal initial segment and transmitter release from presynaptic terminals have been intensely studied and revealed a role for several specific ionic conductances, including the persistent sodium current (INaP )." SIGNOR-265182 MAP3K6 protein O95382 UNIPROT MAP3K6 protein O95382 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr806 GITPCTEtFTGTLQY 9606 17210579 t Manara "These results suggested that the induction of ASK2 phosphorylation in the presence of ASK1 is the consequence of autophosphorylation of ASK2. ASK1 thus appears to not only support the effective protein expression but also confer the kinase activity to ASK2." SIGNOR-260774 ATAT1 protein Q5SQI0 UNIPROT TUBA3C protein P0DPH7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys40 DGQMPSDkTIGGGDD -1 29703898 t lperfetto "Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules" SIGNOR-272244 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19762596 t miannu " We found that a SKP1-CUL1-FBXL5 ubiquitin ligase protein complex associates with and promotes the iron-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of IRP2. The F-box substrate adaptor protein FBXL5 was degraded upon iron and oxygen depletion in a process that required an iron-binding hemerythrin-like domain in its N terminus. " SIGNOR-271884 GUCY1A2-B2 complex SIGNOR-C137 SIGNOR IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination phosphorylation:Thr197 GTFKMVFtPKDGSGV 34929314 t lperfetto "During the cell cycle S phase, Cyclin A-CDK2 phosphorylates IDH1 on its Threonine 157 residue (Threonine 197 in IDH2) to facilitate its recognition and ubiquitination by Skp2 E3 ubiquitin, followed by degradation through 26S proteasome" SIGNOR-267624 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 11729323 t gcesareni "Pa directly interacted with the domain in mtor that is targeted by rapamycin, and this interaction was positively correlated with mtor's ability to activate downstream effectors." SIGNOR-112379 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr376 DEDCYGNyDNLLSQF 9606 20643654 t miannu "Src-dependent pdk1 tyr373/376 tyrosine phosphorylation. / optimal activation of pdk1 requires phosphorylation of tyr373/376" SIGNOR-166722 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "The membrane-bound Notch segment that results from this cleavage, known as Notch Intracellular Truncation domain (NEXT), is a -secretase substrate (Kopan and Ilagan, 2009). -Secretase performs the subsequent cleavage at S3 (De Strooper et al., 1999), releasing Notch intracellular domain (NICD) from the membrane and allowing for signal transduction through binding with the CBL-1, Su(H), Lag-1 (CSL; Schroeter et al., 1998; Struhl and Adachi, 1998) family of DNA binding proteins." SIGNOR-254328 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 25653159 t lperfetto "MyoD and HDAC2 repress myogenic late genes at early times of differentiation.A time course of Ckm, Des and Acta1 gene expression demonstrated that these genes were prematurely expressed when differentiation was driven by myogenin and Mef2D1b (Figure _(Figure6A).6A). Since MyoD is not expressed under these conditions, it cannot bind to these genes; ChIP assays demonstrated that HDAC2 also was not present on the Ckm, Des and Acta1 regulatory sequences under these conditions (Figure _(Figure6B).6B). Therefore the presence of MyoD and HDAC2 prior to gene expression functions to repress late gene expression at early times of differentiation." SIGNOR-241762 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 7557387 t "Andrea Cerquone Perpetuini" " Induction of C/EBP beta DNA-binding activity in NIH-3T3 beta 2 cells exposed to dexamethasone in the presence of insulin and fetal bovine serum activates the expression of an adipocyte-specific nuclear hormone receptor, PPAR gamma, that stimulates the conversion of these fibroblasts into committed preadipocytes" SIGNOR-255730 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser39 MKKIRLEsEEEGVPS 9606 15788687 t lperfetto "Additionally, transfection of cdc2 with a mutation at ser(39) to ala, which is the ck2 phosphorylation site, partially inhibits cell cycle progression in g(1) to g(2) phase following 6-tg treatment." SIGNOR-134846 EPAS1 protein Q99814 UNIPROT KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271580 N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]methyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:94525 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257934 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 11069927 f "In the liver, glucocorticoids induce a 10-15-fold increase in the rate of transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene, which encodes a key gluconeogenic enzyme" SIGNOR-253056 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 10734133 t flangone "Finally, we have tested the set of ptps for their ability to dephosphorylate a phosphopeptide corresponding to the irk autophosphorylation site. tc-ptp, sap-1, and ptp-1b all tested positive, but ptp-? Showed no activity, although the same gst-ptp preparation could efficiently convert pnpp (tablei). Interestingly, many other ptps showed activity, namely dep-1, glepp-1, lar, ptp-?, -?, -?, And shp-1." SIGNOR-75914 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BU1 protein Q8N257 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265388 STARD13 protein Q9Y3M8 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260521 BRF1 protein Q92994 UNIPROT TFIIIB complex SIGNOR-C393 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 29378333 t lperfetto "Both in yeast and mammalian cells, TFIIIB consists of three subunits: TFIIB-related Brf1, TATA-box binding protein (TBP), common also for the other two RNA polymerases, and Pol III-specific subunit, Bdp1 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266190 ERLIN2 protein O94905 UNIPROT Erlin complex SIGNOR-C532 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10119 BTO:0003293 19240031 t miannu "Here we report that the ER membrane protein SPFH1 and its homolog SPFH2 form a heteromeric approximately 2 MDa complex that binds to IP(3)R tetramers immediately after their activation and is required for their processing. The complex is ring-shaped (diameter approximately 250A(),) and RNA interference-mediated depletion of SPFH1 and SPFH2 blocks IP(3)R polyubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-275393 tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29176 ChEBI Gly-tRNA(Gly) smallmolecule CHEBI:29156 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24898252 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. Glycyl- tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. . In this study we report crystal structures of wild type and mutant hGlyRS in complex with tRNA and with small substrates and describe the molecular details of enzymatic recognition of the key tRNA identity elements in the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop." SIGNOR-270483 VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 15899873 t miannu "While the ankyrin repeats of ASB3 interact with the C-terminal 37 amino acids of TNF-R2, the SOCS box of ASB3 is responsible for recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptors Elongins-B/C, leading to TNF-R2 ubiquitination on multiple lysine residues within its C-terminal region. Downregulation of ASB3 expression by a small interfering RNA inhibited TNF-R2 degradation and potentiated TNF-R2-mediated cytotoxicity. The data presented here implicate ASB3 as a negative regulator of TNF-R2-mediated cellular responses to TNF-alpha by direct targeting of TNF-R2 for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation" SIGNOR-271545 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9822657 t miannu "The ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (cam kinase) cascade includes three kinases: cam-kinase kinase (camkk);and the cam kinases camki and camkiv, which are phosphorylated and activated by camkk." SIGNOR-266345 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT JUP protein P14923 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr550 AAGTQQPyTDGVRME 10116 14517306 t "Phosphorylation of plakoglobin by Fer and Fyn kinases decreases plakoglobin-desmoplakin interaction and increases plakoglobin-α-catenin association. Fyn mainly phosphorylated Tyr549" SIGNOR-251177 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser296 SPSALSSsPNNLSPT 10090 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-249442 Naltrindole chemical CHEBI:81528 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258818 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SYNGAP1 protein Q96PV0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1138 PSITKQHsQTPSTLN -1 14970204 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of synGAP by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II increases its Ras GTPase-activating activity by 70-95%. We identify four major sites of phosphorylation, serines 1123, 1058, 750/751/756, and 764/765." SIGNOR-262688 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT HYOU1 protein Q9Y4L1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 22564731 f miannu "Our results indicate a novel mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates ER stress by overexpression of ORP150, and suggest that SIRT1 ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via regulation of ER stress." SIGNOR-255143 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser405 EVSRIPAsQTSVPFD 9606 BTO:0000007 10542239 t llicata "Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. T" SIGNOR-250809 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr226 GSSGSLStSSSSSPP 9606 phosphorylation:Ser237 SSPPGTPsPADAKAP 22369944 t fspada "However, the acquisition of dna binding and transactivation capacity of c/ebpbeta is delayed until further phosphorylation (on ser(184) or thr(179)) by gsk3beta occurs." SIGNOR-210129 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 14657655 t gcesareni "Phospho-gsk3b-specific antibodies also revolved that lkb1 regulates gsk3b phosphorylation at a known inhibitory site, serine-9. This localized phosphorylation is cdc42 and pkc-zeta-dependent." SIGNOR-119885 nociceptin smallmolecule CHEBI:80266 ChEBI OPRL1 protein P41146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257553 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZNRF4 protein Q8WWF5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271206 KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0003104 10082541 f lperfetto "A constitutively active Ras protein [Ras(G12V)] regulates the stable expression of the NFIL3 transcription factor through both the Raf-MAPK and PI3-K pathways." SIGNOR-242757 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257910 ANAPC11 protein Q9NYG5 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252010 KIF5B protein P33176 UNIPROT SYBU protein Q9NX95 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 15459722 t miannu "Conventional kinesin I heavy chain binds to syntabulin and associates with syntabulin-linked syntaxin vesicles in vivo. These findings suggest that syntabulin functions as a linker molecule that attaches syntaxin-cargo vesicles to kinesin I, enabling the transport of syntaxin-1 to neuronal processes." SIGNOR-264811 OGDH protein Q02218 UNIPROT OGDC complex SIGNOR-C397 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15953811 t miannu "The α-ketoglutarate–dehydrogenase complex is a complex including multiple copies of three proteins: E1k (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), E2k (dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase), and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (Fig. 2). The consecutive action of the three catalytic components of KGDHC results in oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, preserving the energy in the form of succinylCoA and NADH." SIGNOR-266255 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr130 PAQLLCStPNGLDRG 9606 SIGNOR-C17 10864927 t gcesareni "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-78424 TBX5 protein Q99593 UNIPROT NPPA protein P01160 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000562 18451335 f miannu "TBX5 is expressed, among others, in the embryonic heart and forelimbs.8 In the heart, it regulates transcription of downstream genes such as the atrial natriuretic factor (NPPA) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) by the binding to T-box binding elements (TBEs),11 often in combination with the NKX2-5 transcription factor." SIGNOR-255384 H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C323 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24311584 t miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression. However, no structural differences between H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 have been reported. In the present study, the crystal structures of nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 were determined." SIGNOR-263711 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11058129 t gcesareni "P/caf was found to interact directly with smad3 in vitro. Moreover, smad2 and smad3 interacted with p/caf upon tgf-beta type i receptor activation in cultured mammalian cells. these results demonstrate the co-activator function of p/caf for smad2 and smad3." SIGNOR-83607 PLD1 protein Q13393 UNIPROT "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 9873061 t gcesareni "The primary known function of phospholipase d (pld) is to generate phosphatidic acid (pa) via the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. . phospholipase d (pld) hydrolyzes phospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid (pa)." SIGNOR-62882 UGP2 protein Q16851 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58601 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 8631325 t miannu "UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.9) catalyses the interconversion of MgUTP plus Glc1P and UDP-Glc plus MgPPi." SIGNOR-267926 TRAM-34 chemical CHEBI:34990 ChEBI KCNN4 protein O15554 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207426 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI Glu-tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29157 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270386 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT EPHA4 protein P54764 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268908 CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT MSTN protein O14793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 24011072 f miannu "To identify whether p-Stat3 acts through C/EBPŒ¥ to stimulate myostatin, we knocked down C/EBPŒ¥ using siRNA. In this case, the IL-6-induced increase in myostatin expression was blocked when C/EBPŒ¥was suppressed even though p-Stat3 was increased" SIGNOR-255332 MET-enkephalin smallmolecule CHEBI:6618 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257554 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HCN2 protein Q9UL51 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr476 LDSSRRQyQEKYKQV 9606 BTO:0000007 26280531 t miannu "We identified a highly conserved tyrosine residue in the C-linker of HCN channels (Tyr476 in HCN2) that confers modulation by Src. Replacement of this tyrosine by phenylalanine in HCN2 or HCN4 abolished sensitivity to Src inhibitors. Mass spectrometry confirmed that Tyr476 is phosphorylated by Src. Our results have functional implications for HCN channel gating. Furthermore, they indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation contributes in vivo to the fine tuning of HCN channel activity." SIGNOR-263199 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser147 EDLCQAFsDVILAVN 9606 BTO:0000567 11242082 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin b1 is central to its nuclear translocationduring cell-cycle progression in hela cells, a change in the kinase activity of endogenous plk1 toward s147 and/or s133 correlates with a kinase activity in the cell extractsa mutant cyclin b1 in which s133 and s147 are replaced by alanines remains in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type cyclin b1 accumulates in the nucleus during prophase.Together, these results suggest that phosphorylation of s133 and s147 is necessary for the nuclear translocation of cyclin b1 during prophase, and that phosphorylation of s126 and s128 may stimulate the nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-105719 CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000608 26095609 f miannu "There has been no study regarding the route of entry of exogenous ANXA3 in any cell type thus far. We found exogenous ANXA3 to be internalized into HCC cells through caveolin-1-mediated, but not HSPG-mediated, endocytosis." SIGNOR-262215 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9534 BTO:0004055 8137421 t lperfetto "The jnk-mediated phosphorylation of both ser63 and ser73 within the transactivation domain of c-jun potentiates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-235766 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF80 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "In fasted mammals, glucose homeostasis is maintained through induction of the camp response element-binding protein (creb) coactivator transducer of regulated creb activity 2 (torc2), which stimulates the gluconeogenic program in concert with the forkhead factor foxo1" SIGNOR-268145 "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26497135 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) and the proteasomal LID are conserved macromolecular complexes composed of at least eight subunits with molecular weights of approximately 350 kDa. CSN and LID are part of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and cleave isopeptide linkages of lysine side chains on target proteins. CSN cleaves the isopeptide bond of ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from cullins, whereas the LID cleaves ubiquitin from target proteins sentenced for degradation. The evolutionary conserved ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) mediates degradation of intracellular proteins in all eukaryotes. This essential process requires three protein complexes: E3 ubiquitin ligases as e.g., cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), CSN and the 26S proteasome." SIGNOR-270794 USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" destabilization 9606 BTO:0000567 16520378 t "Degradation of acutely stimulated receptor tyrosine kinases, epidermal growth factor receptor and Met, is strongly inhibited in UBPY knockdown cells suggesting that UBPY function is essential for growth factor receptor down-regulation." SIGNOR-266902 MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT SPRY2 protein O43597 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser112 APLSRSIsTVSSGSR 9606 19864419 t llicata "The spry2/nedd4 association involves the ww domains of nedd4 and requires phosphorylation of the mnk2 kinase sites, ser(112) and ser(121), on spry2. mnk2 silencing decreased spry2-nedd4 interactions and also augmented the ability of spry2 to inhibit fibroblast growth factor signaling. endogenous and overexpressed nedd4 polyubiquitinate spry2 via lys(48) on ubiquitin and decrease its stability." SIGNOR-188889 SHOC2 protein Q9UQ13 UNIPROT MRAS protein O14807 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10783161 t gcesareni "Sur-8 interacts with ras and raf and is able to form a ternary complex with the two proteins. Thus, sur-8 may function as a scaffold that enhances ras-map kinase signal transduction by facilitating the interaction between ras and raf." SIGNOR-77082 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265373 "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 f miannu "We concluded that FBXL10 recruits the noncanonical PRC1 complex to directly repress Cdk1, Uhrf1, and Pparg that may account for the FBXL10-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-252249 TRIM27 protein P14373 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys572 VVRPKLPkPPTDPLG 10090 35670107 t lperfetto "TRIM27 directly polyubiquitinates ULK1 at K568 and K571 sites with K48-linked ubiquitin chains, with proteasomal turnover maintaining control over basal ULK1 levels" SIGNOR-272541 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000132 SIGNOR-C2 21592956 t lperfetto "Protein kinase B (PKB, Akt) is a Ser/Thr kinase involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism and is activated by dual phosphorylation on Thr(308) in the activation loop and Ser(473) in the hydrophobic motif. It plays a contributory role to platelet function, although little is known about its regulation. In this study, we investigated the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)-2 in Akt regulation using the recently identified small molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors PP242 and Torin1." SIGNOR-244417 TRIP12 protein Q14669 UNIPROT RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 22884692 t miannu "Here, we show that TRIP12 and UBR5, two HECT domain ubiquitin E3 ligases, control accumulation of RNF168, a rate-limiting component of a pathway that ubiquitylates histones after DNA breakage. We find that RNF168 can be saturated by increasing amounts of DSBs. Depletion of TRIP12 and UBR5 allows accumulation of RNF168 to supraphysiological levels, followed by massive spreading of ubiquitin conjugates and hyperaccumulation of ubiquitin-regulated genome caretakers such as 53BP1 and BRCA1." SIGNOR-266783 FFAR1 protein O14842 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257272 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr311 NSLALSLtADQMVSA 9606 12138194 t gcesareni "P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was involved in estrogen receptor activation by estrogens and mekk1. Here, we report estrogen receptor-dependent p38 activation by estrogens in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells and in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation of the estrogen receptor alpha mediated through p38. The phosphorylation site was identified as threonine-311 (thr(311)), located in helix 1 of the hormone-binding domain." SIGNOR-90823 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser245 NQSMDTGsPAELSPT 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "SCP1 Dephosphorylates Smad2/3 in the Linkers|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248795 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ATN1 protein P54259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser739 EEYETPEsPVPPARS 9606 BTO:0000142 12812981 t lperfetto "Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy protein is phosphorylated by c-jun nh2-terminal kinase. serine 734 of the drpla protein is a phospho-acceptor site by jnk. The phosphorylation may be coupled to the activation of a protease. The molecular size of drpla protein detected in the rat brain with the specific phosphopeptide antibody was 150_kda, which was slightly smaller than that expected from the sequence and the results with the human protein. The phosphorylated forms of ha-tagged human drpla gradually disappeared after osmotic treatment," SIGNOR-102398 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser285 QRVPSYDsFDSEDYP 9606 BTO:0000782 12475968 t lperfetto "Treatment of ets1 by t-cell nuclear extract or phosphorylation of these four serines by calmodulin-dependent kinase ii (camk ii) has recently been reported to decrease ets1 dna binding by reinforcing autoinhibition" SIGNOR-96342 EXOC5 protein O00471 UNIPROT "Exocyst_EXOC6B variant" complex SIGNOR-C491 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26240175 t miannu "The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion." SIGNOR-270780 SHOC2 protein Q9UQ13 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16630891 t "Using a proteomics approach, we have identified a complex comprised of Shoc2/Sur-8 and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) as a highly specific M-Ras effector. M-Ras targets Shoc2-PP1c to stimulate Raf activity by dephosphorylating the S259 inhibitory site" SIGNOR-251647 (-)-anisomycin chemical CHEBI:338412 ChEBI MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t "CellSignaling;phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (D3F9) XP?? Rabbit mAb" gcesareni SIGNOR-189675 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser351 GRRGRLPsKPKQPPD 9606 BTO:0000007 16223362 t lperfetto "In the present paper, we have re-examined the phosphorylation of Nur77 on Ser354. Using a combination of cell-permeable kinase inhibitors and mouse knockin mutations, we show that Nur77 is phosphorylated by RSK in response to mitogenic stimulation of cells. Phosphorylation of Nur77 on Ser354 did not, however, appear to affect the transcriptional activity of Nur77, or its ability to bind 14-3-3 proteins in vivo." SIGNOR-249296 MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256786 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 BTO:0000552 15254178 t lperfetto "Deltanp63 transcriptionally regulates atm to control p53 serine-15 phosphorylation. We next aimed to identify novel factors that control damage-induced p53 phosphorylation in a keratinocyte model system, and discovered that the epithelial stem cell marker _Np63_ is a novel ATM regulator that controls p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation through transcription of the ATM kinase." SIGNOR-126753 TBL1XR1 protein Q9BZK7 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130 24243687 t miannu "We showed that tblr1 physically interacts with ar and directly occupies the androgen-response elements of the affected ar target genes in an androgen-dependent manner. / we characterized tblr1 as a coactivator of ar" SIGNOR-203235 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT IGFBP1 protein P08833 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10358076 f miannu "Reporter gene studies in hepg2 hepatoma cells show that fkhr stimulates insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 promoter activity through an irs" SIGNOR-68152 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT LIFR protein P42702 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1044 WNLVSPDsPRSIDSN 9606 7777512 t gcesareni "Thus, our results identify the human lifr as a substrate for mapk and suggest a mechanism of heterologous receptor regulation of lifr signaling occurring at ser-1044." SIGNOR-32757 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr688 FAEPYNLySSLKELV 9534 BTO:0004055 9461588 t "The regulatory p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. We report that this phosphorylation event is readily catalyzed by the Abl and Lck protein-tyrosine kinases in vitro, by Bcr-Abl or a catalytically activated Lck-Y505F in co-transfected COS cells. we have mapped a major phosphorylation site to Tyr-688 in the C-terminal SH2 domain of p85. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p85 in vitro or in vivo was not associated with detectable change in the enzymatic activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase heterodimer, but correlated with a strong reduction in the binding of some, but not all, phosphoproteins to the SH2 domains of p85." SIGNOR-252699 AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT SERPINI1 protein Q99574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21507957 t miannu "In this study, we demonstrate that two ER-associated E3 ligases, Hrd1 and gp78, are involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of mutant neuroserpin." SIGNOR-272756 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr373 ASDTDSSyCIPTAGM 9606 9890893 t lperfetto "Gab-1 is a multisubstrate docking protein downstream in the signaling pathways of different receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)the entire protein was phosphorylated by regfr at eight tyrosine residues (y285, y373, y406, y447, y472, y619, y657, and y689)." SIGNOR-236408 AVPR1B protein P47901 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256791 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1787 SPNYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248746 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MCRIP1 protein C9JLW8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 KRTSSPRsPPSSSEI 9606 25728771 t lperfetto "When phosphorylated by ERK, MCRIP1 dissociates from CtBP, allowing CtBP to interact with ZEB1. In this manner, the CtBP co-repressor complex is recruited to, and silences, the E-cadherin promoter by inducing chromatin modifications.| While substitution of S4 or S18 with Ala did not affect the phosphorylation of MCRIP1 by ERK, substitution of either S21 or T30 significantly reduced MCRIP1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-264773 RAPGEF3 protein O95398 UNIPROT RAP1B protein P61224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9534 BTO:0000298 10777494 t miannu "Epac1 (cAMP-GEFI) and Epac2 (cAMP-GEFII) are closely related guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the small GTPase Rap1, which are directly regulated by cAMP. Here we show that both GEFs efficiently activate Rap2 as well." SIGNOR-263957 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT CD44 protein P16070 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001454 10933396 f gcesareni "Activation of notch1 signaling in dp thymocytes and thymoma cell lines results in the upregulation of cd25 and cd44 expression" SIGNOR-80333 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr447 SEELDENyVPMNPNS 10090 10978177 t "HGab-1 was phosphorylated by IR at eight tyrosine residues (Y242, Y285, Y373, Y447, Y472, Y619, Y657, and Y689). t Gab-1 is the major binding partner of PI-3 kinase in 3T3L1 cells when stimulated with insulin" SIGNOR-251313 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16510571 f lperfetto "Mutagenesis of STAT3 binding sites within the cyclin D1 promoter and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies showed an association between STAT3 and the transcriptional regulation of the human cyclin D1 gene." SIGNOR-253049 GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 23074268 f gcesareni "Furthermore, this work suggested that the gbetagamma subunits released upon gi activation activated phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma) to produce inositol 3 phosphate (ip3) which would subsequently increase intracellular ca2+ abundance." SIGNOR-199129 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT IL10RB protein Q08334 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000776 10347215 t milica "Functionally active il-10 receptors are composed of two distinct subunits. The il-10 receptor ? Chain is a 110-kda polypeptide that plays the dominant role in mediating high affinity ligand binding and signal transduction. The il-10 receptor ? Subunit (also known as crf2_4) is predicted to be a 40-kda polypeptide that is largely required only for signaling." SIGNOR-68007 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30029643 f "Taken together, our data show IL-15 can enhance the collagen deposition in vivo after muscle damage and this process can be prevented by blocking Jak-STAT pathway." SIGNOR-256257 CBX3 protein Q13185 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-265324 CDK14 protein O94921 UNIPROT TAGLN2 protein P37802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser163 KENPRNFsDNQLQEG 21577206 t lperfetto "This newly identified oncogene–tumor suppressor cascade, where oncogenic PFTK1 inactivates a tumor suppressor gene TAGLN2 via phosphorylation|. Our data therefore underline much importance for S83 and S163 residues on TAGLN2 in its actin-binding capacity." SIGNOR-265105 DAAM1 protein Q9Y4D1 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19365405 t gcesareni "B-catenin-independent wnt signaling can activate rho family gtpases through at least two mechanisms: (1) direct activation of rac1 by dvl;and (2) activation of rhoa via dvl-associated activator of morphogenesis-1 (daam1), possibly through the weak-similarity guaninenucleotide exchange factor (wgef)1." SIGNOR-185268 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser207 AARFTLGsPLTSPGG 9606 BTO:0001131 9630228 t lperfetto "Dominant-negative cki? Induces nuclear import of nf-at4these results demonstrated that the cki? Phosphorylation sites identified in vitro were also specifically phosphorylated by cki? In vivo, and that these residues were crucial for the masking of the nls of nf-at4." SIGNOR-109800 CS protein O75390 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3013232 t miannu "Citrate synthase catalyzes an important step within the cycle, the Claisen condensation of acetyl-Coenzyme A with oxaloacetate to form citrate; and it is the only enzyme in the cycle that can catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon bond." SIGNOR-266239 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser72 PPRKRLKsKGSDKDF 9606 20663873 t miannu "We found that expression of Pim-1 increases the level of Skp2 through direct binding and phosphorylation of multiple sites on this protein. Along with known Skp2 phosphorylation sites including Ser(64) and Ser(72), we have identified Thr(417) as a unique Pim-1 phosphorylation target. Phosphorylation of Thr(417) controls the stability of Skp2 and its ability to degrade p27." SIGNOR-259819 MYCL protein P12524 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002891 27546534 f irozzo "Our findings demonstrate that stable expression of the L-MYC gene in NSC008 cells promotes their survival and proliferation while preserving their migration and differentiation properties in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-259109 TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257333 RABEPK protein Q7Z6M1 UNIPROT IGF2R protein P11717 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9230071 t lperfetto "P40 is a very potent transport factor in that the pure, recombinant protein can stimulate, significantly, an in vitro transport assay that measures transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. The functional importance of p40 is confirmed by the finding that anti-p40 antibodies inhibit in vitro transport. Finally, p40 shows synergy with Rab9 in terms of its ability to stimulate mannose 6-phosphate receptor transport. These data are consistent with a model in which p40 and Rab9 act together to drive the process of transport vesicle docking." SIGNOR-253090 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 15537652 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Here we provide evidence that fyn kinase, a member of the src kinase family, is involved in the uvb-induced phosphorylation of histone h3 at serine 10" SIGNOR-130274 clofarabine chemical CHEBI:681569 ChEBI RRM2 protein P31350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000664 1707752 t miannu "Effects of 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 Cellular Metabolism and the Inhibition of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase and DNA Polymerases by Its 5′-Triphosphate" SIGNOR-258356 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT CSF2RA/CSF2RB complex SIGNOR-C212 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 19436055 t apalma "The GM-CSF receptor does not have intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, but associates with the tyrosine kinase Jak2 that is required for Œ≤c transphosphorylation and the initiation of signaling and biological activity" SIGNOR-255584 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT "Caspase 8 complex" complex SIGNOR-C231 SIGNOR "form complex" binding cleavage:Asp216 SDSPREQdSESQTLD 10508785 t lperfetto "Activated caspase-8 (an alpha2beta2 heterotetramer) activates other downstream caspases that are incapable of autocatalytic processing and activation. |The alphabeta dimeric protein associates further to form an alpha2beta2 heterotetramer that appears to be required for catalytic activity." SIGNOR-256395 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr775 SSNYMAPyDNYVPSA -1 8940081 t miannu "The SH2 domain of Grb7 can directly bind to the autophosphorylated PDGF beta-receptor in vitro. Grb7 association to the PDGF beta-receptor was dramatically reduced by replacement of tyrosine residues 716 or 775 with phenylalanine residues." SIGNOR-250259 pravastatin chemical CHEBI:63618 ChEBI HMGCR protein P04035 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 1597859 t miannu "A series of N-heteroaryl-substituted mevalonolactones were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase both in vitro and in vivo, and to lower plasma cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic dog model. The goal of the strategy employed was to design an inhibitor which possessed the pharmacological properties of lovastatin (1), and the physicochemical properties (increased hydrophilicity) of pravastatin (2)." SIGNOR-258350 ATG14 protein Q6ZNE5 UNIPROT "Vps34 Complex I" complex SIGNOR-C242 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 30397185 t lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260318 "SB 203580" chemical CHEBI:90705 ChEBI MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258279 "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 24241034 f lperfetto "Importantly, autocrine and paracrine interactions of α9β1 integrin and tenascin-C induced the expression of MMPs and IL-6 in synovial fibroblasts, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β in synovial macrophages." SIGNOR-253314 ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT KIF3A protein Q9Y496 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16908539 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that _-arrestins mediate the activity-dependent interaction of smo and the kinesin motor protein kif3a." SIGNOR-148773 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 9606 17466630 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the apoptotic initiator protease caspase-9 is regulated during the cell cycle through periodic phosphorylation at an inhibitory site, thr125. This site is phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin b1 during mitosis and in response to microtubule poisons that arrest cells at this stage of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-216884 DRD4 protein P21917 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256846 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI CDP-diacylglycerol(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58332 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25375833 t lperfetto "CDP-diacylglycerol synthases (CDS) are critical enzymes that catalyze the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid (PA)." SIGNOR-267019 GUCY1A3-B3 complex SIGNOR-C140 SIGNOR "3',5'-cyclic GMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:16356 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10977868 t gcesareni "Guanylyl cyclases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of GTP to cGMP. The family comprises both membrane-bound and soluble isoforms that are expressed in nearly all cell types" SIGNOR-244105 MXI1 protein P50539 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002036 11875718 t Luana "Mxi1 inhibits the proliferation of U87 glioma cells through down-regulation of cyclin B1 gene expression | Mxi1 inhibits the promoter activity of the cyclin B1 gene." SIGNOR-266064 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser328 INITKPAsVFVQLRR 9606 22152481 t llicata "Taken together, the above findings suggest that chk1 phosphorylates p50 at s329 and further, that this phosphorylation blocks p50 dna binding." SIGNOR-195208 RAE1 protein P78406 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262095 HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT SRSF2 protein Q01130 UNIPROT up-regulates deacetylation Lys52 IPRDRYTkESRGFAF 9606 21157427 t miannu "Our data support a model in which hdac6 has a key role in the maintenance of srsf2 protein level by inhibiting tip60_mediated acetylation and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-170590 VEGFB protein P49765 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252276 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 23175188 f miannu "Here we demonstrated that the class III histone deacetylase SIRT2 was upregulated by N-Myc in neuroblastoma cells and by c-Myc in pancreatic cancer cells, and that SIRT2 enhanced N-Myc and c-Myc protein stability and promoted cancer cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255147 PRKD3 protein O94806 UNIPROT GIT1 protein Q9Y2X7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser46 RSLGRHIsIVKHLRH 9606 22893698 t lperfetto "We propose that phosphorylation of git1 on serine 46 by pkd3 represents a molecular switch by which git1 localization, paxillin trafficking, and cellular protrusive activity are regulated." SIGNOR-191839 CENPX protein A8MT69 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265201 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser332 TEDSTQTsDTATNST -1 7836371 t gcesareni "Kinetic studies demonstrated that GRK2 has a Km for the carboxyl-terminal domain of the FPR of approximately 1.5 microM and that denaturation of the substrate results in an almost complete loss of phosphorylation [€] simultaneous substitution of the upstream Ser328, Thr329, Thr331, and Ser332 or merely the Ser328 and Thr329 residues resulted in an approximately 80% reduction in phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249680 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr73 MKIDEPStPYHSMMG -1 11320080 t llicata "Neuronal Cdc2-like protein kinase (Cdk5/p25) is associated with protein phosphatase 1 and phosphorylates inhibitor-2. | NCLK Phosphorylates Thr72 of I-2" SIGNOR-250672 LTK protein P29376 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9223670 t gcesareni "Although c-cbl is found to be phosphorylated by ltk and therefore is a second candidate linking ltk with the pi3-kinase pathway along with irs-1, we found that the p85 subunit of pi3 kinase directly binds to tyrosine 753 of ltk, which is located within a yxxm motif, a consensus binding amino acid sequence for the sh2 domain of p85" SIGNOR-49622 KAT6A/KAT6B complex SIGNOR-C54 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys120 FLHSGTAkSVTCTYS 9606 BTO:0001271 23431171 t lperfetto "We show here that moz is an acetyltransferase of p53 at k120 and k382 and colocalizes with p53 in promyelocytic leukemia (pml) nuclear bodies following cellular stress. The moz-pml-p53 interaction enhances moz-mediated acetylation of p53, and this ternary complex enhances p53-dependent p21 expression" SIGNOR-217194 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr419 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 15489898 t gcesareni "The increased Src activity is mainly due to the phosphorylation of Tyr-419, rather than the dephosphorylation of Tyr-530 of Src protein. PDGFR, not FAK or EGFR, appears to be the upstream protein tyrosine kinase responsible for the detachment-induced Src activation in the lung tumor cells." SIGNOR-247984 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser212 RVRVRLLsGDTYEAV 9606 17311912 t lperfetto "Akt attenuation of the serine protease activity of htra2/omi through phosphorylation of serine 212" SIGNOR-153323 NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257126 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser454 YVPMNPNsPPRQHSS 10029 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249396 TFDP1 protein Q14186 UNIPROT TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14618416 f miannu "To assess transactivating activity of E2F1/DP-1, we also analyzed expression of ten putative transcriptional targets of this complex in HCCs. Expression levels of TFDP1 and E2F1 correlated with those of seven transcriptional targets ( TYMS, DHFR, PCNA, RRM1, CCNE1, CDC2, and MYBL2) that play important roles in the G1/S transition, and down-regulation of TFDP1 inhibited growth of Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-253861 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR E2F5 protein Q15329 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr261 SQSLTPVtPQKSSMA 9606 10783242 t miannu "Here we show that E2F-5 is phosphorylated by the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex, which functions in the late G1 phase, but not by the early-G1-phase-acting cyclin D-CDK complex. A phosphorylation site in the trans-activation domain of E2F-5 stimulates transcription and cell-cycle progression by the recruitment of the p300/CBP family of co-activators, whose binding to E2F-5 is stabilized upon phosphorylation by cyclin E-Cdk2." SIGNOR-262732 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser718 QDDPSYRsFHSGGYG 9606 19001871 t lperfetto "Ser-718 of beta-catenin was directly phosphorylated by recombinant plk1thus it may be possible that function of the additional phosphorylation site(s) in cooperation with the ser-718 is required for the regulation of _-catenin at m phase" SIGNOR-182150 PCGF1 protein Q9BSM1 UNIPROT "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 25533466 t miannu "inhibition of adipogenesis does not require the JmjC demethylase domain of FBXL10, but it does require the F-box and leucine-rich repeat domains, which we show recruit a noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) containing RING1B, SKP1, PCGF1, and BCOR." SIGNOR-255279 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr138 SPTLVIAyLMMRQKM 9606 12447358 t gcesareni "We report here that vhr, a vaccinia virus vh1-related dual-specific protein phosphatase that inactivates the mitogen-activated kinases erk2 and jnk, is phosphorylated at y138 by zap-70. Tyr138 phosphorylation was required for vhr to inhibit the erk2-elk-1 pathway" SIGNOR-95877 BZW2 protein Q9Y6E2 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0003897 30805927 f francesca "Overexpression (or silence) of BZW2 in HCC cells significantly stimulates (or decreases) the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway" SIGNOR-261218 Oxotremorine chemical CHEBI:7851 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258650 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL 9606 BTO:0000671 15694384 t llicata "Once stimulated, fak undergoes autophosphorylation at tyrosine (y) 397, followed by phosphorylation of several sites including y576/y577 which increases fak's kinase activity, as well as at y407, y861, and y925." SIGNOR-133845 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT10A protein Q9GZT5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242695 DEPTOR protein Q8TB45 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19446321 t "DEPTOR is an mTOR inhibitor frequently overexpressed in multiple myeloma cells and required for their survival" SIGNOR-251657 SRPK1 protein Q96SB4 UNIPROT RBM8A protein Q9Y5S9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser166 RRGGRRRsRSPDRRR 9606 16100109 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that y14 is phosphorylated at its repeated arginine/serine (rs) dipeptides, likely by sr protein-specific kinases. Phosphorylation of y14 abolished its interaction with ejc components as well as factors that function downstream of the ejc." SIGNOR-139551 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15894802 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-270278 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 ATRGRGSsVGGGSRR 9606 BTO:0000150 12697749 t lperfetto "Akt2 interacts with and phosphorylates ask1 at ser-83 resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity" SIGNOR-100588 RAP1GDS1 protein P52306 UNIPROT RHOB protein P62745 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21242305 t miannu "Smggds has been previously shown to activate a wide variety of small gtpases, including the ras family members rap1a, rap1b, and k-ras, as well as the rho family members cdc42, rac1, rac2, rhoa, and rhob" SIGNOR-171615 BABAM2 protein Q9NXR7 UNIPROT "BRCA1-A complex" complex SIGNOR-C296 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20656690 t lperfetto "We and others showed previously that BRCC36 is a component of the BRCA1-A complex, which consists of RAP80, CCDC98/ABRAXAS, BRCC45/BRE, MERIT40/NBA1, BRCC36, and BRCA1. " SIGNOR-263212 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001549 17688409 f miannu "Transcription factors GATA-1 and Fli-1 regulate human HOXA10 expression in megakaryocytic cells. Mutation of the GATA-1 and the Ets-1 motifs amplified the expression of HOXA10 in HEL and K562 cells, confirming the importance of these cis-acting elements in regulating HOXA10 expression in megakaryocytic cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assays confirm that HOXA11 binds to the putative binding site, resulting in repression of HOXA10 expression." SIGNOR-254471 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser370 TSVTPDVsDNEPDHY 9606 21779440 t gcesareni "The C-terminal tail of PTEN is also the target of mutations in tumors. As mentioned, this region contains the main phosphorylation sites mapped to residues Ser362, Thr366, Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, and the kinases involved are casein kinase 2 (CK2), GSK3_, LKB1, and MAST.84,97-101 The phosphorylation of the tail has been shown to enhance PTEN stability but at the same time decrease its phosphatase activity" SIGNOR-89818 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser351 RPLLRSMsAAFCSLL 9606 11784866 t llicata "Serine 351 is a substrate for protein kinase d (pkd [also known as pkcmu]) in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that the normal localization and function of rin1, as well as its ability to compete with raf, are regulated in part by 14-3-3 binding, which in turn is controlled by pkd phosphorylation." SIGNOR-113964 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 9606 BTO:0000887 11114197 t gcesareni "Camk phosphorylates serines -259 and -498 in hdac5, which subsequently serve as docking sites for 14-3-3. Our studies suggest that 14-3-3 binding to hdac5 is required for camk-dependent disruption of mef2hdac complexes and nuclear export of hdac5, and implicate 14-3-3 as a signal-dependent regulator of muscle cell differentiation.Recently, camkiv, a calcium-calmodulindependent protein kinase, was also shown to activate mef2s by dissociating class ii histone deacetylases (e.g., Hdac5) from mef2s, thus relieving the transcriptional repressive effect of hdacs." SIGNOR-85110 TARS1 protein P26639 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25824639 t miannu "Here we show, using X-ray crystal structures and functional analyses, that a single molecule of borrelidin simultaneously occupies four distinct subsites within the catalytic domain of bacterial and human ThrRSs. These include the three substrate-binding sites for amino acid, ATP and tRNA associated with aminoacylation, and a fourth 'orthogonal' subsite created as a consequence of binding." SIGNOR-270503 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT PLD2 protein O14939 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr415 ALGINSGySKRALML 9606 20176813 t miannu "We identified three kinases capable of phosphorylating pld2 in vitro-epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr), jak3, and src (with jak3 reported for the first time in this study)-that phosphorylate an inhibitory, an activator, and an ambivalent (one that can yield either effect) site, respectively. Mass spectrometry analyses indicated the target of each of these kinases as y(296) for egfr, y(415) for jak3, and y(511) for src." SIGNOR-163858 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 VPNDYMTsPARLGSQ 9606 BTO:0000567 21900237 t lperfetto "We identified serine 216 of Abi1 as a target of CDK1/cyclin B kinase that is phosphorylated in cells at the onset of mitosis.|Bcr-Abl-induced actin polymerization requires the Abi1 pathway, as the blockade of the signal transduction from Bcr-Abl to Abi1 abolishes the F-actin assembly|serine phosphorylation of Abi1 by CDK1/cyclin B serves as a cell cycle-dependent regulatory mechanism that inhibits actin assembly" SIGNOR-264452 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT ENG protein P17813 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002741 21146604 f miannu "In hepatic stellate cells, TGF-β1 upregulates endoglin expression most likely via the ALK5 pathway and requires the SP1 transcription factor." SIGNOR-255201 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 10116 8645147 t "Activated hyperphosphorylated Akt-1 bound to Ptd Ins(3,4,5)P3 -containing vesicles in a similar manner to the inactive dephosphorylated enzyme" SIGNOR-254982 "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Lys28 LATKAARkSAPATGG 9606 24987060 t miannu "The presence of trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3) at promoter regions is associated with gene repression. This modification is generated by the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), composed of the SET domain-containing histone methyltransferase (HMT) EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) or its functional homologue EZH1, and core accessory proteins (EED, SUZ12, and RbAp48) (Fig. 1A)." SIGNOR-260449 SKP1 protein P63208 UNIPROT SCF(TBL1) complex SIGNOR-C533 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "Upon UV-induced DNA damage, beta-catenin is recruited for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation by a unique, p53-induced SCF-like complex (SCF(TBL1)), comprised of Siah-1, Siah-1-interacting protein (SIP), Skp1, transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). " SIGNOR-271950 NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11052931 t miannu "Another central component of the NMDA receptor signaling complex is the scaffold protein PSD-95 (also referred to as SAP-90). The first and second PDZ domains bind tightly to the tails of the NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor" SIGNOR-264704 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1724 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269365 PPP2R5B protein Q15173 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 16495456 t gcesareni "Activation of pp2a is the intermediate step between the abeta-ceramide cascade and the subsequent inactivation of akt." SIGNOR-144808 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1387 EDCSGLSsQSDILTT 9606 BTO:0000773 11278964 t lperfetto "Brca1 is phosphorylated at ser-1423 and ser-1524 after ir and uv;however, ser-1387 is specifically phosphorylated after ir, and ser-1457 is predominantly phosphorylated after uv.atr controls brca1 phosphorylation in vivo. Taken together, our results support a model in which atm and atr act in parallel but somewhat overlapping pathways of dna damage signaling but respond primarily to different types of dna lesion." SIGNOR-106432 TCF7L1 protein Q9HCS4 UNIPROT NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001581 16894029 t Luana "These experiments showed that Tcf3 is associated with chromatin in the Nanog promoter regions and that the DNA-binding activity of Tcf3 was required for repression." SIGNOR-266081 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT GAPDH protein P04406 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser122 GAKRVIIsAPSADAP 10090 26626483 t Luana " Under glucose starvation, but not amino acid starvation, cytoplasmic GAPDH is phosphorylated on Ser122 by activated AMPK. This causes GAPDH to redistribute into the nucleus. Inside the nucleus, GAPDH interacts directly with Sirt1, displacing Sirt1's repressor and causing Sirt1 to become activated. " SIGNOR-259857 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257357 TP53INP2 protein Q8IXH6 UNIPROT GABARAPL2 protein P60520 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19056683 t gcesareni "Tp53inp2 binds to lc3 as well as to lc3-related proteins gabarap and gabarap-like2." SIGNOR-182611 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT HK2 protein P52789 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr473 QHRARQKtLEHLQLS 9606 BTO:0000192 31435020 t "K63-linked ubiquitination enhances the interaction between Akt and HK2 and eventually increases HK2 phosphorylation on Thr473 and mitochondrial localization" SIGNOR-259984 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT ST3GAL4 protein Q11206 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22547830 f "We provide evidence that ST3GAL1/3/4 and FUT3 are transcriptionally up-regulated by c-Myc with probable involvement of Ser62 phosphorylation, and that FUT2 is transcriptionally down-regulated through the attenuation of CDX2." SIGNOR-253959 "DNA polymerase epsilon" complex SIGNOR-C377 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10801849 f lperfetto "HeLa pol epsilon was initially purified as a soluble factor that restored repair synthesis to cytosol-depleted, UV-irradiated permeabilized human fibroblasts (11). By reconstituting the nucleotide excision repair (NER) process from purified proteins, Shivji et al. (12) further showed that mammalian pol epsilon was the most efficient enzyme in performing gap-filling DNA synthesis during NER." SIGNOR-265722 SDC4 protein P31431 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Like other wnt co-receptors, syndecan 4 directly interacts with dvl during pcp 1." SIGNOR-199638 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT TFAP2A protein P05549 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser239 AEVQRRLsPPECLNA 9606 10037142 t llicata "Recombinant ap-2 was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase a (pka) at ser239. Mutation of ser239 to ala abolished in vitro phosphorylation of ap-2 by pka, but not the dna binding activity of ap-2. Cotransfection studies showed that pka stimulated the effect of ap-2 on the apoe promoter, but not that of the s239a mutant." SIGNOR-64955 IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 20300203 t lperfetto "The n-terminal domain of ikkgamma is required both for the binding of ikkalfa and ikkbeta and their assembly into a high-molecular-weight complex essential for activation" SIGNOR-164512 TPX2 protein Q9ULW0 UNIPROT CLASP1 protein Q7Z460 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 phosphorylation:Ser121;Ser125 PAQPQRRsLRLSAQK;QRRSLRLsAQKDLEQ 26240182 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of TPX2 regulated its interaction with CLASP1 but not Kif2a.|This suggests that TPX2 phosphorylation positively regulates the function of CLASP1.| This is in accord with a phosphoproteomics study that identified S121 and S125 as potential phosphorylation sites for Aurora A in mitotic HeLa cells" SIGNOR-265090 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 12524424 t lperfetto "C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta were found to physically interact with Smad3 and Smad4, and Smad3 cooperated with Smad4 and TGF-beta signaling to repress the transcriptional activity of C/EBPs." SIGNOR-97117 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 17502367 t gcesareni "All stats are phosphorylated on at least one serine residue in their tad specifically, ser727 in stats 1 and 3 and ser721 in stat4. Stat serine kinases have been identified through the use of inhibitors, dominant-negative alleles, and in vitro kinase assays. They include mapk (p38mapk: stats 1, 3, 4;erk: stat3, 5;jnk: stat3), pkc_ (stat1, stat3), mtor (stat3), nlk (stat3 (42)), and camkii and ikk_ (stat1 (39, 40, 43)).STAT Serine phosphorylation regulates transcriptional activity (see below)." SIGNOR-154783 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr21 DFMSPGPtDLLSSSL 9606 20049328 t lperfetto "Gsk3beta phosphorylates bmal1 specifically on ser 17 and thr 21 and primes it for ubiquitylation. In the absence of gsk3beta-mediated phosphorylation, bmal1 becomes stabilized and bmal1 dependent circadian gene expression is dampened." SIGNOR-162790 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT MGluR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF55 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15894802 t "inferred from family member" lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-270273 GPR37 protein O15354 UNIPROT "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12666095 f lperfetto "Parkin-associated endothelin receptor-like receptor (Pael-R). Overexpression of this protein causes it to become ubiquinated, insoluble, and unfolded, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death. Furthermore, an insoluble form of Pael-R has been demonstrated to accumulate in the brains of patients with Parkin mutations, suggesting a possible toxic mechanism." SIGNOR-249701 SIRT6 protein Q8N6T7 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT up-regulates deacetylation Lys20 AEEALPKkTGGPQGS 9606 23552949 t gcesareni "Sirt6 regulates tnf-alfa secretion through hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acyl lysine" SIGNOR-201662 RAB5C protein P51148 UNIPROT EEA1 protein Q15075 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12493736 t Federica "The Rab5 effector early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) is a parallel coiled coil homodimer with an N-terminal C(2)H(2) Zn(2+) finger and a C-terminal FYVE domain. Rab5 binds to independent sites at the N and C terminus of EEA1.|The results demonstrate that the C(2)H(2) Zn(2+) finger is both essential and sufficient for the N-terminal interaction with Rab5." SIGNOR-261266 WASHC4 protein Q2M389 UNIPROT "WASH complex" complex SIGNOR-C258 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23721880 t lperfetto "The WASH complex is composed of five proteins: KIAA1033 (also known as SWIP), Strumpellin, FAM21, WASH1 and CCDC53." SIGNOR-261018 LMO3 protein Q8TAP4 UNIPROT ASCL1 protein P50553 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21573214 f miannu "Overexpression of both LMO3 and HEN2 induced expression of Mash1, suggesting that they might function as a transcriptional activator for Mash1." SIGNOR-254825 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 21255999 t miannu "Cadherins mediate the localization of vesicles to presynaptic compartments through multiple mechanisms. Cadherin-bound β-catenin then recruits scribble (Scrib) which acts as a scaffold for the further recruitment of proteins that mediate the localization of SVs." SIGNOR-265826 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1069 EDSFLQRySSDPTGA -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254699 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT RBM38 protein Q9H0Z9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser195 DQYPYAAsPATAASF 9606 24142875 t lperfetto "Here, we showed that rnpc1 is phosphorylated at ser195 by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3). We also provided evidence that ser195 phosphorylation converts rnpc1 from a repressor to an activator of p53." SIGNOR-203011 LETM1 protein O95202 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 29123128 t lperfetto "LETM1 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein and several reports suggest that it mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and extrusion in a gradient-dependent manner" SIGNOR-262541 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT SOX11 protein P35716 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268923 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser19 GTSKCPPsQRVPALT 9606 18536714 t llicata "Disruption of the hipk2-siah-1 complex is mediated by the atm/atr pathway and involves atm/atr-dependent phosphorylation of siah-1 at ser 19." SIGNOR-177945 NCOR1 protein O75376 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 10898795 t miannu "The POZ domains of BCL-6 and several other POZ proteins interact with corepressors N-CoR and SMRT." SIGNOR-252239 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TPPP protein O94811 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser160 GVTKAISsPTVSRLT -1 17693641 t miannu "Here we show that TPPP induces tubulin self-assembly into intact frequently bundled microtubules, and that the phosphorylation of specific sites distinctly affects the function of TPPP. The phosphorylation sites Thr(14), Ser(18), Ser(160) for Cdk5; Ser(18), Ser(160) for ERK2, and Ser(32) for PKA were identified by mass spectrometry. The phosphorylation by ERK2 or Cdk5 resulted in the loss of microtubule-assembling activity of TPPP." SIGNOR-262928 SIK3 protein Q9Y2K2 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser70 RSSHYGGsLPNVNQI 9606 BTO:0000567 16306228 t lperfetto "We found that QSK and SIK phosphorylated TORC2 at Ser171 as well as at least two additional residues, namely Ser70 and Ser348|QIK also phosphorylates the CREB co-activator TORC2, in unstimulated cells, to sequester it in the cell cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting CREB-dependent gene-expression" SIGNOR-249171 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Thr55 DDIEQWFtEDPGPDE 9606 17245430 t "A specific PP2A regulatory subunit, B56gamma, mediates DNA damage-induced dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55| In this study, we reported that the specific B regulatory subunits of PP2A B56gamma1 and B56gamma3 mediate dephosphorylation of p53 at Thr55. Ablation of the B56gamma protein by RNAi, which abolishes the Thr55 dephosphorylation in response to DNA damage, reduces p53 stabilization, Bax expression and cell apoptosis" SIGNOR-248583 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT GDF15 protein Q99988 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 24086573 t "Promoter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CEBPB could contribute to K7174-mediated transcriptional activation of GDF15." SIGNOR-254050 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1710 HVTSKCGsLKNIRHR 9606 BTO:0000567 11029056 t miannu "CAMP-dependent protein kinase activity disrupts the MAP2-microtubule interaction in living HeLa cells. S319, S350, and S382 were thus identified as preferred targets of PKA" SIGNOR-250002 TBXA2R protein P21731 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256887 DDX3X protein O00571 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 33627125 t miannu "DDX3X enhances transcription by interacting with transcription factors to promote their binding to the promoter of the target gene. The best characterized mechanism is its cooperation with the transcription factor SP1. The downstream genes of DDX3X-SP1-mediated transactivation include P21, KRAS, and MDM2" SIGNOR-269202 SEC61G protein P60059 UNIPROT "SEC61 complex" complex SIGNOR-C368 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 33925740 t lperfetto "The heterotrimeric Sec61 complex of the ER membrane represents the major entry point for precursor polypeptides into the membrane or lumen of the ER" SIGNOR-265278 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NUDC protein Q9Y266 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser274 KKINPENsKLSDLDS 9606 BTO:0000567 12852857 t lperfetto "Here, we characterize the interaction between plk1 and nudc, show that plk1 phosphorylates nudc at conserved s274 and s326 residues in vitro, and present evidence that nudc is also a substrate for plk1 in vivo. Downregulation of nudc by rna interference results in multiple mitotic defects, including multinucleation and cells arrested at the midbody stage, which are rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type nudc, but not by nudc with mutations in the plk1 phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-103403 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29731393 f miannu "Oncogenic proteins that regulate proliferation, such as KRAS, BRAF, and MYC increase the transcription of NRF2" SIGNOR-267362 bepotastine chemical CHEBI:71204 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257781 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 19074868 t gcesareni "The BRCA1-BRCT domains bind to phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and lead to its ubiquitination toward protein degradation" SIGNOR-252435 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10688666 t lperfetto "Tnf receptor (tnfr) associated factor 2 (traf2), an adapter protein that couples tnfrs to the sapks and p38s, can activate ask1 in vivo and can interact in vivo with the amino- and carboxyl-terminal noncatalytic domains of the ask1 polypeptide" SIGNOR-75334 CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser45 GATTTAPsLSGKGNP 9606 12000790 t gcesareni "We show that a complex of axin and casein kinase i (cki) induces beta-catenin phosphorylation at a single site: serine 45 (s45)." SIGNOR-87430 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C3 20006481 t gcesareni "Akt can phosphorylate pras40, a raptor binding protein that also acts as an inhibitor of torc1. Akt-mediated phosphorylation of pras40 again promotes 14-3-3 binding, in this case leading to relief from pras40-mediated inhibition." SIGNOR-162003 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser418 TTENRFHsLPFSLTK 9606 24614225 t lperfetto "Purified camkii phosphorylates cyld on at least three residues (s-362, s-418, and s-772 on the human cyld protein q9nqc7-1) and promotes its deubiquitinase activity." SIGNOR-25329 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f "inferred from family member" scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5’-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells grown in TSH-containing medium. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-g but not TGF-b." SIGNOR-267812 BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT SUMO1 protein P63165 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000182 22723377 f "QPCR analysis of the resulting gene expression levels identified three genes that were affected in opposite sense by the downregulation of either BCL-6 or STAT5, namely cyclin D2 (CCND2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B (CDKN2B), and SUMO1" SIGNOR-253929 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12055200 t fspada "Inhibition of adipogenesis by wnt10b is likely mediated by wnt receptors, frizzled 1, 2, and/or 5, and co-receptors low density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6" SIGNOR-89134 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 21478859 f lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263337 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser659 WPNVPDPsKSHIAQW -1 8511589 t lperfetto "The biological functions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are mediated through a signal-transducing component of the IL-6 receptor, gp130, which is associated with the ligand-occupied IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) protein. Binding of IL-6 to IL-6R induced disulfide-linked homodimerization of gp130. Tyrosine kinase activity was associated with dimerized but not monomeric gp130 protein. Substitution of serine for proline residues 656 and 658 in the cytoplasmic motif abolished tyrosine kinase activation and cellular responses but not homodimerization of gp130." SIGNOR-238621 POLR2K protein P53803 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266141 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr180 DTMAKRNtVIGTPFW 9606 BTO:0000150 20231902 t gcesareni "Consistent with previous studies, sts alone induces mst2 cleavage and autophosphorylation of thr180, an indicator of mst2 activation, as well as apoptosis." SIGNOR-164310 ritonavir chemical CHEBI:45409 ChEBI CYP2B6 protein P20813 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18285471 t Luana "These results show that ritonavir induces human CYP2B6 activity. " SIGNOR-257770 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr176 PFISEGTtLKDLIYD -1 8576253 t "giulio giuliani" "From our present data, it is not easy to deduce the mechanistic significance of serine 172 and threonine 176 of TŒ≤R-I in TGF-Œ≤ signaling. Although it was reported that TGF-Œ≤-induced phosphorylation of these residues was not detected in vivo(22), it is still possible that TŒ≤R-II may phosphorylate these residues as minor phosphorylation site(s)." SIGNOR-255961 BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 21900390 f miannu "RAF, a cytoplasmic serine-threonine protein kinase, is a member of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK cell-signaling pathway [also known as the MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway], and it plays an essential role in mediating cellular differentiation, proliferation, senescence, and survival in response to extracellular cues. Raf phosphorylates and activates MAP-ERK kinase (MEK), which phosphorylates and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)." SIGNOR-260082 PF-2545920 chemical CID:11581936 PUBCHEM PDE10A protein Q9Y233 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206001 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT TDGF1 protein P13385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 17068183 f miannu "To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG." SIGNOR-254943 CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23437375 t gcesareni "Our results suggest that ad-induced cyclin e activates cdk2 that targets the transcriptional repressor prb/cyclin e activates the cdk2 kinase necessary for the actual initiation of dna replication" SIGNOR-201506 LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 22658639 t miannu "In response to high cell densities, activated LATS1/2 phosphorylates the WW-domain containing transcriptional co-activators YAP at Ser127 and TAZ at Ser89, promoting 14-3-3 binding and thereby inhibiting their translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-256188 NEUROG3 protein Q9Y4Z2 UNIPROT NEUROG1 protein Q92886 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19028584 f miannu "Ngn3 overexpression altered the expression of a number of regulatory genes, including ash1, ath3, ath5, chx10, neuroD, ngn1, ngn2, and NSCL1. Early gene ngn1 was induced, but ash1, ngn2, ath3, and chx10, whose expressions persist through later phases of neurogenesis, were down-regulated." SIGNOR-254632 CIB2 protein O75838 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 34162842 t miannu "Mechanistically, CIB2 negatively regulates mTORC1 by preferentially binding to 'nucleotide empty' or inactive GDP-loaded Rheb. " SIGNOR-269663 PTPN21 protein Q16825 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 15143158 t "Dephosphorylation of Y527 was more pronounced in cells expressing PTPD1 at each time point tested. PTPD1C1108S drastically inhibited Y527 dephosphorylation|Activation of src requires dephosphorylation of src residue Y527. This promotes displacement of the SH2 domain from this residue and subsequent autophosphorylation of residue Y416 within the activation loop" SIGNOR-248725 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTGES3 protein Q15185 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 DDSDEDMsNFDRFSE 9606 15040786 t gcesareni "Cpges-activating protein kinase is ck-ii (casein kinase ii). Mutations of either of two predicted ck-ii phosphorylation sites on cpges (ser113 and ser118) abrogated its phosphorylation and activation both in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia induced the mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of a single serine residue, ser(122), in the protein, and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that ser(122) phosphorylation was necessary for hypoxic acceleration of tal1 turnover." SIGNOR-123598 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser422 LSTPVVLsPGPQKP 9606 7889942 t gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-34665 Cell-Cell_contact stimulus SIGNOR-ST13 SIGNOR STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22683405 f milica "In response to growth inhibitory signal (e.g. cell–cell contact), MST1/2 in active form phosphorylates LATS1/2 that sequentially phosphorylates YAP at Ser-127." SIGNOR-230693 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t lperfetto "Syk and zap-70 were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site. Of the two potential grb2 binding sites (y239 and y317), y239 appears to play a greater role in recruiting sos through grb2." SIGNOR-59631 MAOA protein P21397 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|It undergoes oxidative deamination, catalyzed by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), to produce reactive aldehyde 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL)." SIGNOR-264001 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ARHGEF2 protein Q92974 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr679 PGVELLLtPREPALP 9606 BTO:0000671 19261619 t gcesareni "Importantly tnf-alpha enhanced the erk pathway-dependent phosphorylation of thr-678 of gef-h1 that was key for activation." SIGNOR-184469 POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258409 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr309 TMKTFCGtPEYLAPE 9606 18160256 t "Overexpression of BTBD10 increased phosphorylation levels of Akts at both Thr(308) and Ser(473) while the reduction of the endogenous BTBD10 level resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of Akts. In vitro analysis indicated that BTBD10 bound to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and inhibited dephosphorylation of Akts by PP2A." SIGNOR-248612 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CDC42EP4 protein Q9H3Q1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser18 SVHSKRRsRADLTAE 9606 BTO:0001939 25086031 t miannu "Cdc42 effector protein-4 (CEP4) was recently identified by our laboratory to be a substrate of multiple PKC isoforms in non-transformed MCF-10A human breast cells. MS/MS analysis verified that Ser(18) and Ser(80) were directly phosphorylated by PKCα in vitro. Phosphorylation of CEP4 severely diminished its affinity for Cdc42 while promoting Rac activation and formation of filopodia (microspikes)." SIGNOR-263160 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257673 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. GDNF down-regulates doublecortin, Paf-ah1b (Lis1), dynamin, and a-tubulin, which are involved in neocortical lamination and cytoskeletal reorganization." SIGNOR-252171 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT DNAI1 protein Q9UI46 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266932 TRMT10B protein Q6PF06 UNIPROT "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32901109 t lperfetto "Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex|In humans, TIM22 is a 440-kDa complex comprising at least six components: the hypothetical channel-forming protein Tim22, three small Tim proteins (Tim9, Tim10a and Tim10b), Tim29 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK)." SIGNOR-267705 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 14665640 t lperfetto "Signal transduction pathways triggered by Tie2 have been extensively examined. Tyr-1101of Tie2 directly associates in a phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-dependent manner with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, which in turn activate PI 3-kinase, leading to cell motility and survival" SIGNOR-252721 "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "Insertion into mitochondrial membrane" phenotype SIGNOR-PH193 SIGNOR up-regulates 18423394 f lperfetto "The sorting and assembly pathway of outer membrane proteins involves three machineries: the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex) the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) and the MDM complex (mitochondrial distribution and morphology)." SIGNOR-267688 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 9606 10482988 t miannu "Intracellular FLT3 signaling involves tyrosine phosphorylation of several cytoplasmic proteins including SHC. We have found that upon FLT3 activation SHC phosphorylation occurs at tyrosine 239/240 and 313." SIGNOR-251148 "UV stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST7 SIGNOR CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11830546 f miannu "The expression of the melanoma susceptibility gene product p16 is increased after UVR both in epidermally derived cell lines and in human skin. The increased expression of p16 after exposure to suberythemal doses of UVR is potentiated by α-MSH, a ligand for MC1R, and this effect is mimicked by cAMP, the intracellular mediator of α-MSH signaling via the MC1 receptor." SIGNOR-252376 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF215 protein Q9Y6U7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271238 PCDHAC2 protein Q9Y5I4 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-269033 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15780951 f gcesareni "Fgf-2 and fgf-9 increased expression of other osteogenic factors bmp-2 and tgf-beta1, and endogenous fgf/ fgfr signaling is a positive upstream regulator of the bmp-2 gene in calvarial osteoblasts" SIGNOR-134791 MRPS35 protein P82673 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261442 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22298955 f gcesareni "In-teractions between beta-catenin and runx2 play an im-portant role in bmp-9-induced osteogenic differentia-tion of mscs." SIGNOR-195570 PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 18042541 t gcesareni "Regulation of phosphorylation of Thr-308 of Akt, cell proliferation, and survival by the B55alpha regulatory subunit targeting of the protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme to Akt.|Phosphorylation of Akt at regulatory residues Thr-308 and Ser-473 leads to its full activation. The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has long been known to negatively regulate Akt activity. The PP2A holoenzyme consists of the structural |Here we report the identification of the specific B regulatory subunit that targets the PP2A holoenzyme to Akt. We found endogenous association of PP2A AB55C holoenzymes with Akt by co-immunoprecipitation analyses in pro-lymphoid FL5.12 cells.subunit (A), catalytic subunit (C), and a variable regulatory subunit (B)." SIGNOR-252637 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser721 TPRLRSVsSYGNIRA 9606 SIGNOR-C3 18722121 t llicata "Ser719, ser721, and ser722 are the predominant rsk-dependent phosphorylation sites in raptor raptor phosphorylation regulates mtorc1 activity" SIGNOR-252774 SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C510 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270908 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT CPT1B protein Q92523 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0001538 15199055 f "Furthermore, we show that the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and caveolin-3 promoters are directly regulated by ROR and coactivated by p300 and PGC-1. This study implicates RORs in the control of lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-254260 THBS1 protein P07996 UNIPROT NGF protein P01138 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10708953 t lpetrilli "We have identified a mechanism for the activation of latent tgf-beta that involves binding of the secreted and extracellular matrix protein, thrombospondin-1 (tsp-1), to the latent precursor." SIGNOR-75624 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr198 PGLRRRQt 9606 18570873 t gcesareni "Activated sgk1 and p27 phosphorylation at t157, and both were inhibited by short-term rapamycin treatment and by sgk1 shrna.|Akt acts downstream of PI3K to phosphorylate p27 at T157 and T198, leading to impaired nuclear p27 import, p27 accumulation in the cytoplasm, and loss of cyclin E-Cdk2 inhibition" SIGNOR-179121 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser109 KSHSRQAsTDAGTAG 9606 25601544 t Luana "We performed mass spectrometry to determine additional sites on YAP1 targeted by NDR, identifying three additional serines, namely S61, S109, and S164, to also be phosphorylated by NDR in vitro " SIGNOR-259856 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256839 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT1/STAT3 complex SIGNOR-C118 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15526160 t miannu "Downstream of JAKs are the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which are phosphorylated by JAKs." SIGNOR-254999 MRPL19 protein P49406 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262375 SYCE1 protein Q8N0S2 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22394509 t miannu "The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure of chromosome bivalents whose assembly is indispensable for the successful progression of the first meiotic division of sexually reproducing organisms. four proteins were identified that locate specifically to the CE: SYCE1, SYCE2, SYCE3 and TEX12. These three proteins (SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3) are essential for synapsis initiation, as no CE-structures are formed in the absence of any of these proteins. The final step, i.e. synapsis extension over the entire length of the homologs, requires loading of both SYCE2 and TEX12. In their absence, short pieces of CE-like structures composed of SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3 are formed that, however, cannot mature to a SC central region." SIGNOR-264201 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Cys-tRNA(Cys) smallmolecule CHEBI:29152 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269508 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT AHNAK protein Q09666 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser5110 KAEAPLPsPKLEGEL 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262764 MID1IP1 protein Q9NPA3 UNIPROT ACACB protein O00763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 20952656 t miannu "Recently, we reported the discovery that MIG12, a 183 amino acid protein, binds to ACC1 and ACC2, which induces polymerization and subsequently increases the enzymatic activity of the protein" SIGNOR-267112 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT GNGT1 protein P63211 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17251915 t gcesareni "In the non-canonical wnt signalling pathway, frizzled uses galphaq or galphai and gbetagamma dimers to activate phospholipase c (plc), resulting in protein kinase c (pkc) activation and calcium mobilization that regulates the transcription factor nfat." SIGNOR-152606 afatinib chemical CHEBI:61390 ChEBI "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259441 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT Enolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF74 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 10823814 t "inferred from family member" miannu "C-Myc directly transactivates genes encoding GLUT1, phosphofructokinase, and enolase and increases glucose uptake in Rat1 fibroblasts. Nuclear run-on studies confirmed that the GLUT1 transcriptional rate is elevated by c-Myc. Our findings suggest that overexpression of the c-Myc oncoprotein deregulates glycolysis through the activation of several components of the glucose metabolic pathway." SIGNOR-267785 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 10448861 f "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "Treatment with igf-1 or insulin and dexamethasone mobilizes intracellular calcium, activates the ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, and induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nf-atc1." SIGNOR-269890 YWHAB protein P31946 UNIPROT NEFL protein P07196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 23230147 t miannu "These results suggest the important role of 14-3-3 in the dynamic regulation of NF-L assembly, and in the capacity to prevent the formation of NF-L aggregates. all seven isoforms specifically interacted with NF-L, but not NF-M or NF-H. specific interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with phosphorylated NF-L subunits also indicated the role of 14-3-3 and NF-L phosphorylation in the disassembly of neurofilaments. What is more, binding of 14-3-3 to phosphorylated NF-L subunits may prevent the dephosphorylation of these subunits by phosphatases, maintaining the hyperphosphorylation state of the subunits, which facilitates the disassembly of neurofilaments." SIGNOR-252396 RABGGTB protein P53611 UNIPROT RAB5A protein P20339 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" lipidation 9606 BTO:0000007 18532927 t miannu "Prenylation (or geranylgeranylation) of Rab GTPases is catalysed by RGGT (Rab geranylgeranyl transferase) and requires REP (Rab escort protein). In the classical pathway, REP associates first with unprenylated Rab, which is then prenylated by RGGT. In the alternative pathway, REP associates first with RGGT; this complex then binds and prenylates Rab proteins. Rab GTPases need to be geranylgeranylated on either one or two cysteine residues in their Ctermini in order to localize to the correct intracellular membrane and be functional" SIGNOR-265573 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser266 SSYGQQSsFRQDHPS 9606 9341188 t miannu "Here we report thatews, a nuclearrna-bindingprooncoprotein, contains an iq domain, is phosphorylated byproteinkinase c, and interacts with calmodulin. Interestingly, pkc phosphorylation of ews inhibits its binding to rna homopolymers, and conversely,rna binding to ews interferes with pkc phosphorylation./ these data indicate that ews contains an iq domain with ser266 acting as the primary site for pkc phosphorylation." SIGNOR-52854 SNRPA protein P09012 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270627 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT HDAC9 protein Q9UKV0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser240 KVAERRSsPLLRRKD 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 15546868 t lperfetto "Mirk activated mef2 not through direct phosphorylation of mef2 but by phosphorylation of its inhibitors, the class ii histone deacetylases (hdacs). Mef2 is sequestered by class ii hdacs such as hdac5 and mef2-interacting transcriptional repressor (mitr). Mirk antagonized the inhibition of mef2c by mitr, whereas kinase-inactive mirk was ineffective. Mirk phosphorylates class ii hdacs at a conserved site within the nuclear localization region, reducing their nuclear accumulation in a dose-dependent and kinase-dependent manner" SIGNOR-235813 FIP1L1 protein Q6UN15 UNIPROT PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14749727 t miannu "Recombinant hfip1 is sufficient to stimulate the in vitro polyadenylation activity of pap in a u-rich element-dependent manner. hfip1, cpsf160 and pap form a ternary complex in vitro, suggesting that hfip1 and cpsf160 act together in poly(a) site recognition and in cooperative recruitment of pap to the rna." SIGNOR-121700 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT SSTR1 protein P30872 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004094 22144423 f miannu "For three selected genes (ALDH1A1, SSTR1, and DACT3), we validated their upregulation upon EZH2 knockdown and confirmed the binding of EZH2/H3K27Me3 to their genomic loci." SIGNOR-254143 TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17700533 f miannu "Dissociation of p73 and HDM2 leads to increased p73 transcriptional activity with upregulation of p73 target genes noxa, puma and p21, as well as enhanced apoptosis." SIGNOR-255468 CRK protein P46108 UNIPROT MAP4K1 protein Q92918 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 9891069 t "HPK1 phosphorylated Crk mainly on threonine and weakly on serine" gcesareni "We found that hpk1 interacted with crk and crkl adaptor proteins in vitro and in vivo and that the proline-rich motifs within hpk1 were involved in the differential interaction of hpk1 with the crk proteins and grb2. Crk and crkl not only activated hpk1 but also synergized with hpk1 in the activation of jnk." SIGNOR-63988 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser263 GEDTLSDsDDEDDEE -1 1425701 t llicata "Analysis of phosphorylation sites in synthetic peptides of this acidic region identified the major sites phosphorylated by CKII as Ser261 and Ser263." SIGNOR-251015 PCDHA10 protein Q9Y5I2 UNIPROT PCDHGC4 protein Q9Y5F7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265715 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT LPL protein P06858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001030 10909770 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "The suppression of lipoprotein lipase expression in J774.2 macrophages by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha is mediated at the transcriptional level." SIGNOR-251854 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp1405 CPGYPETdHGLFEDP 9606 12907805 t lperfetto "Like other dependence receptors, ptc1 contains a dependence-as-associated receptor c-terminal motif that is cleaved by caspases at a conserved aspartic acid (asp 1392) in the absence of shh, to expose a proapoptotic domain." SIGNOR-104585 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DRB4 protein P13762 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-254002 glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI Glutaminolysis phenotype SIGNOR-PH119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000567 22749528 f Luana "Leucine and Glutamine Activate Glutaminolysis and mTORC1" SIGNOR-268009 ZMYND8 protein Q9ULU4 UNIPROT ADORA1 protein P30542 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 21620140 t Luana "We also confirmed transcriptional coactivator functions of ZMYND8 in ERα-driven reporter assays and on endogenous E2-dependent genes (Figure 5F,G). siRNA knockdown of ZMYND8 showed markedly decreased transcription at the presumptive ERα/Z3 target genes ADORA1 and NAV2, while the classical ERα targets pS2/TFF1 and GREB1 appear to be less affected (Figure 5G), suggesting likely gene-specificity of ZMYND8. " SIGNOR-266208 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1193 QPTSKAYsPRYSISD 9606 20724475 t lperfetto "ERK activation was sufficient for the SOS1 phosphorylation and resulting inhibition of EGF-induced Ras activation. This result also showed that SOS1 could be phosphorylated by ERK in the absence of association with EGFR at the plasma membrane, which is a phosphotyrosine-dependent process." SIGNOR-244747 TANC2 protein Q9HCD6 UNIPROT KIF1A protein Q12756 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 30021165 t miannu "Kinesin-3 Family Member KIF1A Interacts with Liprin-α and TANC2. TANC2 and Liprin-α Recruit KIF1A-Driven DCVs in Dendritic Spines. Upon Ca2+/CaM binding, KIF1A is activated, allowing for DCV loading and motility. KIF1A-driven DCVs are recruited in dendritic spines by liprin-α and TANC2, which ensure a precise mechanism of synaptic tagging for the vesicles." SIGNOR-266891 GABRB1 protein P18505 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C333 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263760 HRH4 protein Q9H3N8 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256815 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser170 RDSEGFNsPKQCDSS -1 12361598 t miannu "GST-tagged recombinant CP110 (GST-wt) was robustly phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2 (Figure 2A). Expression of a mutant derivative of CP110 refractory to CDK phosphorylation provokes marked polyploidy. We localized the majority (nine of ten) of potential CDK2 phosphorylation sites in CP110 to an amino-terminal fragment (GST-ΔN1; Figure 1B)" SIGNOR-265958 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001086 16153702 f flangone "Our results suggest that OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG contribute to pluripotency and self-renewal by activating their own genes and genes encoding components of key signaling pathways and by repressing genes that are key to developmental processes." SIGNOR-242070 Tomivosertib chemical CID:118598754 PUBCHEM MKNK2 protein Q9HBH9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 29526098 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Compound 23 (eFT508), an exquisitely selective, potent dual MNK1/2 inhibitor, was designed to assess the potential for control of oncogene signaling at the level of mRNA translation." SIGNOR-261117 "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR RABGEF1 protein Q9UJ41 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 27411398 t lperfetto "AP-1/sigma1A-ArfGAP1-Rabex-5 complex formation leads to more endosomal Rabex-5 and enhanced, Rab5GTP-stimulated Vps34 PI3-kinase activity, which is essential for multivesicular body endosome formation." SIGNOR-260706 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser25 KRRSARLsAKPPAKV 9606 11438671 t lperfetto "We report here that the NBD of the HMGN1 and -N2 protein family is highly and specifically phosphorylated during mitosis and that this phosphorylation has a major functional consequence: it abolishes the interaction of the proteins with its chromatin targets." SIGNOR-249101 IDH1 protein O75874 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26178471 t lperfetto "Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (Œ±-KG)" SIGNOR-261828 MAP3K10 protein Q02779 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser352 SSNNFSSsPSTPVGS 9606 19801649 t llicata "Mlk2 inhibits e47 transactivation activity on the trkb promote" SIGNOR-161527 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 14751588 t miannu "Dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein, 32 kDa (DARPP-32) is a key element of dopamine/D1/DARPP-32/protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) signaling cascades of mammalian brain. Phosphorylation of AMPA receptors due to DARPP-32/PP1 signaling cascade increases AMPA channel activity and currents" SIGNOR-265060 NEUROG3 protein Q9Y4Z2 UNIPROT VSX2 protein P58304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19028584 f miannu "Ngn3 overexpression altered the expression of a number of regulatory genes, including ash1, ath3, ath5, chx10, neuroD, ngn1, ngn2, and NSCL1. Early gene ngn1 was induced, but ash1, ngn2, ath3, and chx10, whose expressions persist through later phases of neurogenesis, were down-regulated." SIGNOR-254635 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr320 NPGGRPItPPRNSAK 9606 12202491 t gcesareni "Pp1 isoforms contain an arg-pro-ile/val-thr-pro-pro-arg sequence near the c terminus, a known site of phosphorylation by cdc/cdk kinases, and phosphorylation attenuates phosphatase activity. Increasing doses of cdk2 resulted in increased phosphorylation of the thr-320 site. Phosphorylation of this site in pp1 corresponded to decreased pp1 activity." SIGNOR-92269 BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000182 27447856 t lperfetto "One such SH2-domain containing protein is the p85 subunit of PI3K, as its docking with tyrosine-phosphorylated p130cas activates the p110alpha subunit| tyrosine-165 and tyrosine-128 on p130cas both are phosphorylated to a greater extent in parental versus paxillin Y88F mutan" SIGNOR-263980 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT MED28 protein Q9H204 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr64 ASLVSQDyVNGTDQE 9606 BTO:0001271;BTO:0000661 16899217 t fstefani "To unravel the cellular functions of magicin, we used a yeast two-hybrid system and identified fyn tyrosine kinase as a specific binding partner for magicin. Fyn phosphorylates magicin in vitro." SIGNOR-148700 HMG20B protein Q9P0W2 UNIPROT "BHC complex" complex SIGNOR-C353 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0000007" 15325272 t miannu "BRAF–HDAC complex (BHC) consisting of six subunit proteins, BRAF35, BHC80, BHC110, HDAC1, HDAC2, and CoREST, has been purified from HeLa and HEK293 cells" SIGNOR-264503 NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262098 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000782 9034190 t lperfetto "We have now purified and cloned a metalloproteinase that specifically cleaves precursor TNF-alpha. [...]This enzyme (called the tnf-alpha-converting enzyme, or tace) is a new member of the family of mammalian adamalysins (or adams), for which no physiological catalytic function has previously been identified." SIGNOR-46754 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1044 YPFVRTGsPRRIQLS 9606 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130. site-directed mutagenesis of s1044 to an alanine resulted in the specific loss of d5 when this mutant was ectopically expressed in t98g cells and labelled by [32p]orthophosphate (figure 4b), proving that phosphorylation of s1044 gave rise to the tryptic phosphopeptide d5: tgspr." SIGNOR-104660 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 17974954 t "Several protein tyrosine phosphatases are capable of activating Src by dephosphorylating Y530 (reviewed in ref. 9). These include PTP-α, PTP-λ, SHP-1, SHP-2, and PTP1B" SIGNOR-248671 MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT ABCC1 protein P33527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7923112 f miannu "Decreased expression of the N-myc oncogene in neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-C, following treatment with retinoic acid, was paralleled by down-regulation of MRP gene expression, contrasting with increased expression of the MDR1 gene." SIGNOR-254617 NatA complex SIGNOR-C415 SIGNOR HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" acetylation 9606 BTO:0001282 12464182 t miannu "In this report, we reveal an important function for ARD1 in mammalian cells as a protein acetyltransferase by direct binding to HIF-1alpha to regulate its stability. We present further evidence showing that ARD1-mediated acetylation enhances interaction of HIF-1alpha with pVHL and HIF-1alpha ubiquitination, suggesting that the acetylation of HIF-1alpha by ARD1 is critical to proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-267226 U2AF1/U2AF2 complex SIGNOR-C78 SIGNOR Spliceosomal_snRNP_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH79 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11739736 f miannu "The essential splicing factor U2AF (U2 auxiliary factor) is a heterodimer composed of 65-kDa (U2AF(65)) and 35-kDa (U2AF(35)) subunits. U2AF(35) has multiple functions in pre-mRNA splicing. First, U2AF(35) has been shown to function by directly interacting with the AG at the 3' splice site. Second, U2AF(35) is thought to play a role in the recruitment of U2AF(65) by serine-arginine-rich (SR) proteins in enhancer-dependent splicing." SIGNOR-263945 NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20818436 t gcesareni "The consequent activation of_ itch, together with the recruitment of gli1 through direct binding with_ numb, allows gli1 to enter into the complex, resulting in gli1 ubiquitination and degradation." SIGNOR-167841 PLCB2 protein Q00722 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(6-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:203600 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23994464 t apalma "The first phase of this signal is likely mediated by phospholipase C≈í‚⧠(PLC≈í‚â§) enzymes leading to the generation of IP3 and concomitant release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores" SIGNOR-255017 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 18032587 f lperfetto "SOSTDC1 is orthologous to a recently characterized murine antagonist of BMPs-2, -4, and -7" SIGNOR-242749 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 21329883 t lperfetto "Upon mitogen stimulation, triggering of the innate immune response, re-exposure to glucose, or oncogene activation, tbk1 is recruited to the exocyst, where it activates akt. Akt is a direct tbk1 substrate that connects tbk1 to prosurvival signaling." SIGNOR-252608 2-[[3-[[2-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-2-pyridin-4-yl-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline smallmolecule CHEBI:94276 ChEBI GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 17494766 t gcesareni "Gant61 was able to efficiently block gli1 as well as gli2-induced transcription" SIGNOR-154753 PTGES2 protein Q9H7Z7 UNIPROT "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 10922363 t Luana "Importantly, this enzyme is capable of converting COX-1-, but not COX-2-, derived PGH2 to PGE2 efficiently." SIGNOR-269766 MAP3K13 protein O43283 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11726277 t gcesareni "Lzk directly phosphorylated and activated mkk7." SIGNOR-112349 PCDHA7 protein Q9UN72 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265667 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 1715686 t gcesareni "Dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated insulin and epidermal-growth-factor receptors by two major subtypes of protein-tyrosine-phosphatase from human placenta." SIGNOR-21295 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255506 CCL11 protein P51671 UNIPROT CCR3 protein P51677 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24702154 t "Eotaxin (CCL11) is a specific ligand for CCR3 and serves as a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils" SIGNOR-254356 CDS2 protein O95674 UNIPROT CDP-diacylglycerol(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58332 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 25375833 t lperfetto "CDP-diacylglycerol synthases (CDS) are critical enzymes that catalyze the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid (PA)." SIGNOR-267020 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 GGRERLAsTNDKGSM 9606 7838153 t gcesareni "Serine 167 is the major phosphorylation site on the human estrogen receptor. Phosphorylation is mediated by casein kinase ii." SIGNOR-34117 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 8618896 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation at Ser-59 (or alternatively, its mutation to Glu) reverses the inhibition and allows interaction of the p56lck SH2 domain with p62.|phosphotyrosine-independent binding of p62 to the p56lck SH2 domain appears to provide an alternative pathway for p56lck signaling that is regulated by Ser-59 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-270177 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26350239 f miannu "Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to investigate the effect of DNMT3A on p18INK4C expression, along with the other INK4 members, including p15INK4B, p16INK4A and p19INK4D. The results showed that the depletion of DNMT3A increased the transcriptional levels of the four members of the INK4 family" SIGNOR-255809 ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT BBC3 protein Q96PG8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002883 16828711 f miannu "Forced expression of TEL stimulated transcription via the p53-responsive element and increased the expression of cellular target genes for p53 such as cell cycle regulator p21 and apoptosis inducer Puma." SIGNOR-254137 N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine chemical CHEBI:92386 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258921 BLK protein P51451 UNIPROT BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268214 DBP protein Q10586 UNIPROT CYP3A4 protein P08684 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 18004209 f miannu "The oscillation in the expression of the CYP3A4 gene seemed to be the underlying cause of the rhythmic change in its metabolic activity. Luciferase reporter gene analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the circadian transcriptional factor, D-site-binding protein (DBP), activated the transcription of the CYP3A4 gene by binding to the DNA sequence near the upstream of the transcriptional start site. The transactivation of the CYP3A4 gene by DBP was repressed by the E4 promoter-binding protein-4 (E4BP4), a negative component of the circadian clock." SIGNOR-253835 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17183360 t lperfetto "Rela is phosphorylated at: ser276 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac), msk1 and msk2; at ser311 by the atypical pkczeta; at ser468 by ikkbeta, ikkepsilon and glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta); at ser529 by ck2; and at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1)) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k)" SIGNOR-217370 PIAS3 protein Q9Y6X2 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates sumoylation 9606 15138572 t gcesareni "Stat3 mediated signaling pathways can be inhibited by pias3 (protein inhibitor of activated stat3), which was recently found to regulate protein stability and function by its sumo (small-ubiquitin like modifiers) ligase activity in promoting sumoylation of important nuclear proteins." SIGNOR-124723 6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one chemical CHEBI:91348 ChEBI SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258295 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR WNK1 protein Q9H4A3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272124 FGD5 protein Q6ZNL6 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260555 DKK1 protein O94907 UNIPROT KREMEN2 protein Q8NCW0 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12050670 t gcesareni "Dkk1 has been shown to inhibitwnt by binding to and antagonizing lrp5/6. Here we show that the transmembrane proteins kremen1 and kremen2 are high-affinity dkk1 receptors that functionally cooperate with dkk1 to blockwnt/beta-catenin . Kremen2 forms a ternary complex with dkk1 and lrp6, and induces rapid endocytosis and removal of thewntreceptor lrp6 from the plasma membranekremen2 forms a ternary complex with dkk1 and lrp6, and induces rapid endocytosis and removal of the wnt receptor lrp6 from the plasma membrane" SIGNOR-88882 ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11175361 t miannu "Ets2 is expressed at high levels during the differentiation and matrix mineralization phases of MC3T3-E1 culture. In addition, several extracellular matrix (ECM) associated gene products are targets of Ets2. Some of these matrix associated genes include: bone sialoprotein, osteonectin, osteocalcin and osteopontin" SIGNOR-259875 NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 22431919 f miannu "Overexpression or short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated down-regulation of EGR1 or NAB2, and chromatin immunoprecipitations indicated that EGR1 and NAB2 act in concert to positively regulate p130(Cas)/BCAR1 expression in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-253889 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 18772438 f gcesareni "Wnt3a stimulates the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphates [ptdins (4,5)p2] through frizzled and dishevelled, the latter of which directly interacted with and activated pip5ki." SIGNOR-180803 Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C506 SIGNOR Cell_polarity phenotype SIGNOR-PH213 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23397623 f miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270894 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT FASLG protein P48023 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9841917 f "Nuclear p53" amattioni "Cd95l, cd95, and the trail death receptors are induced by the tumour suppressor p53" SIGNOR-62379 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PLSCR1 protein O15162 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr69 PVPNQPVyNQPVYNQ 9606 12871937 t lperfetto "Plscr1 is phosphorylated by c-src, within the tandem repeat sequence 68vynqpvynqp77.|The EGF-mediated Interaction between PLSCR1 and Shc Requires Phosphorylation of Tyr69 and Tyr74 in PLSCR1" SIGNOR-103769 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT SGO1 protein Q5FBB7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser507 TDLCFLNsPIFKQKK 9606 17621308 t lperfetto "Here we show that nek2a phosphorylates human sgo1 and such phosphorylation is essential for faithful chromosome congression in mitosis. phosphorylation sites were mapped to ser(14) and ser(507)" SIGNOR-156882 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr161 GIPIRVYtHEVVTLW 9606 8344251 t lperfetto "The mo15 gene encodes the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase that activates cdc2 and other cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) through phosphorylation of thr161 and its homologues" SIGNOR-38307 "9-cis-retinoic acid" chemical CHEBI:50648 ChEBI RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18321241 t miannu "Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a unique panagonist retinoid, capable of binding to all six known retinoid receptors (RAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma, and RXR-alpha, -beta, -gamma)." SIGNOR-259241 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-263864 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269594 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 18418385 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." lperfetto "However, within T/G-Mediator, cdk8 phosphorylates serine-10 on histone H3, which in turn stimulates H3K14 acetylation by GCN5L within the complex. Tandem phosphoacetylation of H3 correlates with transcriptional activation, and ChIP assays demonstrate co-occupancy of T/G-Mediator components at several activated genes in vivo." SIGNOR-273170 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR EPCAM protein P16422 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11505407 f miannu "The current results provide the first insights into the regulation of EpCAM expression, which is regulated negatively by TNFalpha and TPA through the activation of NF-kappaB. The repression may rely on the competition of NF-kappaB for p300/CBP histone acetyl transferase activity, because the overexpression of p300 reverts TNFalpha effects." SIGNOR-254791 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22945641 f gcesareni "Our study indicates that beta-catenin regulates foxa2 expression, and this interaction is possibly essential to control cell cycle progression during endometrial hyperplasia formation" SIGNOR-198929 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1346 SFDERQPyAHMNGGR -1 7493944 t lperfetto "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246276 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser14 MGAELPSsPLAIEYV 9606 BTO:0000567 11416124 t lperfetto "These residues are phosphorylated by erk2 but not by p38, jnk, and erk5 in vitro. However, the contribution of the mek/erk pathway to mafa phosphorylation in vivo appears to be moderate, implicating another kinase. The integrity of serine 14 and serine 65 residues is required for transcriptional activity, since their mutation into alanine severely impairs mafa capacity to activate transcription." SIGNOR-108560 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser529 KGAKVFGsLERGLDK 9606 16216881 t lperfetto "We have mapped no less than 16 autophosphorylation sites including serines, threonines, and a tyrosine residue and show that the phosphorylation of thr167 and ser171 is required for the activation of melk.We have not yet explored the role of autophosphorylation of nine residues in the c-terminal, autoinhibitory domain (fig. 4c). An enticing hypothesis is that these autophosphorylations decrease the inhibitory potency of this domain and thereby contribute to the activation of the kinase." SIGNOR-141018 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT NUAK1 protein O60285 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr211 QKDKFLQtFCGSPLY 9606 14976552 t llicata "A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold." SIGNOR-122686 FRAT1 protein Q92837 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 9635432 t lperfetto "The frat family consists of three members: frat-1, -2, and -3. It has been shown that different sites of frat-1 interact with gsk-3 and dvl-1 and that wnt-1 disintegrates the complex formation of frat-1, dvl-1, and axin, resulting in the activation of the wnt signaling pathway" SIGNOR-227994 DBP protein Q10586 UNIPROT Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 8383844 f "inferred from family member" miannu "Contransfection experiments of aldolase B/CAT constructs and of expression vectors for different transcription factors were carried out in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells. We found that DBP and HNF-1 are strong transactivators of the aldolase B promoter while C/EBP and vHNF-1 are only weak activators" SIGNOR-270225 clofarabine chemical CHEBI:681569 ChEBI POLB protein P06746 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1707752 t miannu "Effects of 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 Cellular Metabolism and the Inhibition of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase and DNA Polymerases by Its 5′-Triphosphate.The effect of Cl-F-ara-ATP on human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma isolated from K562 cells grown in culture was determined and compared with those of Cl-dATP and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine triphosphate (F-ara-ATP). Cl-F-ara-ATP was a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha.Cl-F-ara-ATP was not a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta, DNA polymerase gamma, or DNA primase." SIGNOR-258358 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 ATKAARKsAPSTGGV 9606 11278789 t "Ser 27 (29) phosphorylation of H3 isinhibitory as induces transcription." miannu "In the present study, ERK1, ERK2, or p38 kinase strongly phosphorylated H3 at serine 28 in vitro. JNK1 or JNK2 was able also to phosphorylate H3 at serine 28 in vitro but to a lesser degree. Histone H3 phosphorylation is related closely to chromatin remodeling and chromosome condensation. H3 phosphorylation at serine 28 is coupled with mitotic chromosome condensation in diverse mammalian cell lines." SIGNOR-263068 HAT1 protein O14929 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys6 kGGKGLGK -1 11585814 t lperfetto "During nucleosome assembly in vivo, newly synthesized histone H4 is specifically diacetylated on lysines 5 and 12 within the H4 NH(2)-terminal tail domain. The highly conserved ""K5/K12"" deposition pattern of acetylation is thought to be generated by the Hat1 histone acetyltransferase, which in vivo is found in the HAT-B complex." SIGNOR-264791 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr753 YACASPKtPIQAGGY 10116 BTO:0001009 16508002 t lperfetto "Erk-induced phosphorylation of b-raf on t753 promoted the disassembly of raf heterodimers, and the mutation of t753 prolonged growth factor-induced heterodimerization. The b-raf t753a mutant enhanced differentiation of pc12 cells, which was previously shown to be dependent on sustained erk signaling. Site is critical for v-src dependent modulation of slk kinase activity." SIGNOR-236388 miR-4784 mirna URS000021E7E5_9606 RNAcentral AHDC1 protein Q5TGY3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 10090 19933931 t "The activation state of the IGF-1 signal transduction cascade reciprocally regulates miR-1 expression through the Foxo3a transcription factor;" SIGNOR-255720 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 9363941 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of p53 at serines 15 and 37 impairs the ability of mdm2 to inhibit p53-dependent transactivation. We present evidence that these effects are most likely due to a conformational change induced upon phosphorylation of p53. Our studies provide a plausible mechanism by which the induction of p53 can be modulated by dna-pk (or other protein kinases with similar specificity) in response to dna damage." SIGNOR-53030 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257964 "MLL Fusion" "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP14 SIGNOR DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001133 18977325 t miannu "Recent studies have identified association of multiple MLL-fusion partners including AF4, AF9, and AF10 with DOT1L, a histone H3K79 methyltransferase.This leads to a model where MLL-AF4 recruits DOT1L to MLL target genes, and promotes methylation of H3K79 at loci with existing H3K4 methylation (i.e., by wildtype MLL or other H3K4 methyltransferases) thus stimulating transcriptional elongation of genes that are normally primed but not fully transcribed." SIGNOR-260095 TUBA3E protein Q6PEY2 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 f miannu "We show here that Elongator regulates corticogenesis because an acute disruption of its activity in dorsal progenitors results in radial migration delays and defective terminal branching of projection neurons that come with a reduction in α-tubulin acetylation. Importantly, this complex interacts with the microtubule cytoskeleton, where Elp3 may directly acetylate α-tubulin, a posttranslational modification known to regulate the intracellular trafficking that is critical for cell shape remodeling during migration and terminal branching." SIGNOR-269726 Cell-Cell_contact stimulus SIGNOR-ST13 SIGNOR TJP2 protein Q9UDY2 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21529719 f milica "Another junction protein, the tight junction protein ZO-2, binds to YAP/TAZ, facilitating their nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-230703 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT KRT16 protein P08779 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000552 12954631 f miannu "these results suggest that Sp1 and AP1 sites in the essential promoter region are critical for EGF response, and Sp1 showed a functional cooperation with c-Jun and coactivators p300/CBP in driving the transcriptional regulation of EGF-induced keratin 16 gene expression. The coactivators p300/CBP could collaborate with Sp1 and c-Jun in the activation of keratin 16 promoter." SIGNOR-253905 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ZRANB1 protein Q9UGI0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr117 QRRTRSPtESPQSSG 9606 BTO:0000007 29748601 t miannu "Our findings also identify an essential role for activation of Trabid by AKT-mediated phosphorylation at Ser78/Thr117 in negatively regulating Twist1 signaling, which further provides insights into the mechanisms by which Trabid regulates Twist1 ubiquitination." SIGNOR-273484 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr180 GSKGQKTtQNRYSFY -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273485 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11807557 t miannu "Here we show that calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous Ca2+-sensing protein, binds to the carboxy-terminal 'IQ' domain of the human cardiac Na channel (hH1) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This binding interaction significantly enhances slow inactivation-a channel-gating process linked to life-threatening idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias." SIGNOR-266346 EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 20506119 f miannu "In T lymphocytes EGR2 and EGR3 have been shown to inhibit NAB2 expression." SIGNOR-253885 NLRX1 protein Q86UT6 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 "BTO:0000567; BTO:0002181" 18200010 t Giorgia "Here we describe human NLRX1, a highly conserved nucleotide-binding domain (NBD)- and leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-containing family member (known as NLR) that localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane and interacts with MAVS. Expression of NLRX1 results in the potent inhibition of RLH- and MAVS-mediated interferon-beta promoter activity and in the disruption of virus-induced RLH-MAVS interactions. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that HA–NLRX1 interacts with MAVS but not with other known mitochondrial outer membrane proteins (BCL2 and BCL2L1), indicating specificity of the NLRX1–MAVS interaction. Finally, endogenous NLRX1 associates strongly with endogenous MAVS after immunoprecipitation with two different MAVS antibodies" SIGNOR-260357 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser863 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21757713 t llicata "Arsenite treatment of cells activates p38_ and induces interaction between p38_ and raptor, a regulatory component of mtorc1, resulting in phosphorylation of raptor on ser(863) and ser(771). The phosphorylation of raptor on these sites enhances mtorc1 activity, and contributes largely to arsenite-induced mtorc1 activation." SIGNOR-174874 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT NET1 protein Q7Z628 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser152 PTPAKRRsSALWSEM -1 15684429 t miannu "In this work we show that the Rac/Cdc42hs-regulated protein kinase PAK1 down-regulates the activity of the RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor NET1. Specifically, PAK1 phosphorylates NET1 on three sites in vitro: serines 152, 153, and 538. Replacement of serines 152 and 153 with glutamate residues down-regulates the activity of NET1 as an exchange factor in vitro and its ability to stimulate actin stress fiber formation in cells. Using a phospho-specific antibody that recognizes NET1 phosphorylated on serine 152, we show that PAK1 phosphorylates NET1 on this site in cells and that Rac1 stimulates serine 152 phosphorylation in a PAK1-dependent manner." SIGNOR-263019 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258188 NTN4 protein Q9HB63 UNIPROT UNC5 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF98 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001484 25881791 t miannu "In the presence of netrin-1, UNC5 co-immuno-precipitates with DCC, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex of netrin-1 with ecto-domains of DCC and UNC5. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists. DCC binding to netrin-1 alone leads to axon attraction. Importantly, DCC has the ability to switch the netrin-1-mediated responses from attraction to repulsion when another receptor UNC5 co-exists." SIGNOR-268184 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr492 ALGADDSyYTARSAG 9606 8756661 t lperfetto "The data further support a model in which ZAP-70 is first phosphorylated by Lck at Tyr-493 to upregulate the catalytic activity of ZAP-70. This in turn per- mits additional phosphorylation of ZAP-70 mediated, in part, by autophosphorylation at sites including Tyr-292 and -492" SIGNOR-226624 ACO1 protein P21399 UNIPROT citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Citrate is converted to cis-aconitate. This is catalyzed by aconitase. Cis-aconitate is an intermediate and is further converted to isocitrate by aconitase. Aconitase is involved in both reactions. In which first dehydration and then rehydration occur and as a result final product isocitrate is obtained." SIGNOR-266242 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser771 SASSTLGsPENEEHI 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21757713 t llicata "Arsenite treatment of cells activates p38_ and induces interaction between p38_ and raptor, a regulatory component of mtorc1, resulting in phosphorylation of raptor on ser(863) and ser(771). The phosphorylation of raptor on these sites enhances mtorc1 activity, and contributes largely to arsenite-induced mtorc1 activation." SIGNOR-174870 CLCF1 protein Q9UBD9 UNIPROT CNTFR protein P26992 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10966616 t gcesareni "Striking phenotypic differences between cntf- and cntfr-deficient mice suggest that cntfr serves as a receptor for a second, developmentally important ligand. We have identified this factor as a stable secreted complex of cardiotrophin-like cytokine (clc) and the soluble receptor cytokine-like factor-1 (clf)." SIGNOR-81376 "PAX7/MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C91 SIGNOR MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 f miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198641 TIMM29 protein Q9BSF4 UNIPROT "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32901109 t lperfetto "Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex|In humans, TIM22 is a 440-kDa complex comprising at least six components: the hypothetical channel-forming protein Tim22, three small Tim proteins (Tim9, Tim10a and Tim10b), Tim29 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK)." SIGNOR-267707 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr232 LTLWTSDtQGDEAEA 9606 BTO:0000007 9360956 t llicata "This protein kinase has been identified as casein kinase Ialpha (CKIalpha) by peptide mapping analysis and sequencing. Among mammalian 14-3-3, only 14-3-3 tau possesses a phosphorylatable residue at the same position (Ser-233), and we show that this residue is also phosphorylated by CKI. In addition, we show that 14-3-3 zeta is exclusively phosphorylated on Thr-233 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The residue 233 is located within a region shown to be important for the association of 14-3-3 to target proteins. | We have now shown that in vivo phosphorylation of 14-3-3 zeta at the CKIalpha site (Thr-233) negatively regulates its binding to c-Raf, and may be important in Raf-mediated signal transduction." SIGNOR-250796 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 16293631 t "We report that activation of PKA retains Gli1 in the cytoplasm. Conversely, inhibition of PKA activity promotes nuclear accumulation of Gli1.We provide direct evidence to support that the cAMP/PKA signaling axis regulates Gli1 protein localization primarily through a site at Thr374. .These data suggest that Thr374 is an important PKA site responsible for PKA phosphorylation and for the transcriptional activity of Gli1." SIGNOR-253539 NCBP3 protein Q53F19 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 26382858 t lperfetto "The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of the nuclear cap-binding protein (NCBP) 2 and its adaptor NCBP1, is believed to bind all capped RNA and to be necessary for its processing and intracellular localization." SIGNOR-268364 STK16 protein O75716 UNIPROT DRG1 protein Q9Y295 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr100 AYEFTTLtTVPGVIR -1 18184589 t Manara "It is therefore likely that MPSK1 regulates DRG1 function by either phosphorylation or through competition with other DRG1 binding partners." SIGNOR-260806 MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10523642 t gcesareni "Overexpression of full-length jsap1 in cos-7 cells led to a considerable enhancement of jnk3 activation, and modest enhancement of jnk1 and jnk2 activation, by the mekk1-sek1 pathwaythe regions of jsap1 that bound jnk, sek1, and mekk1 were distinct from one another. Jnk and mekk1 also bound jsap1 in vitro, suggesting that these interactions are direct." SIGNOR-71468 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM2A protein Q9Y2K7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273478 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM3A protein Q9Y4C1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273479 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM4F protein A0A1W2PPD8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273480 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1355 SLGFKRSyEEHIPYT -1 3166375 t lperfetto "This approach revealed that insulin stimulates autophosphorylation of the insulin-receptor beta-subunit in vitro on at least seven tyrosine residues distributed among three distinct domainsAt least two further tyrosine residues appeared to be phosphorylated after those in domains 2 and 3. These residues probably residue within a domain lying in close proximity to the inner face of the plasma membrane containing tyrosines 953, 960 and 972" SIGNOR-22577 EIF3L protein Q9Y262 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266389 GDAP1 protein Q8TB36 UNIPROT Mitochondrial_fission phenotype SIGNOR-PH143 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33610749 f lperfetto "However, it remains elusive if additional proteins are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fission, such as proposed fission factor GDAP1" SIGNOR-272977 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser111 KESLRSRsTRMSTVS 9606 17567953 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the binding of mcak to chromosome arms is also regulated by aurora b and that aurora b-dependent chromosome arm and centromere localization is regulated by distinct two-site phosphoregulatory mechanisms. Mcak association with chromosome arms is promoted by phosphorylation of t95 on mcak, whereas phosphorylation of s196 on mcak promotes dissociation from the arms. Although targeting of mcak to centromeres requires phosphorylation of s110 on mcak, dephosphorylation of t95 on mcak increases the binding of mcak to centromeres." SIGNOR-155894 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser399 DNITLPPsQPSPTGG 9606 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-249667 UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 18077395 t gcesareni "In an h2ax- and mdc1-dependent manner , rnf8/ubc13 complexes go to sites of dna damage through their fha domain and initiate the synthesis of k63 polyubiquitin chains on chromatin that recruit the brca1 a complex through the uim domains of rap80." SIGNOR-159880 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM42 protein Q8IWZ5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270978 "Prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C513 SIGNOR "Chaperone-mediated protein folding" phenotype SIGNOR-PH120 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32699605 t miannu "The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins.  Canonical prefoldin complex is a heterohexameric complex composed of two α subunits (PFDN3 and PFDN5) and four β subunits (PFDN1, PFDN2, PFDN4 and PFDN6)" SIGNOR-270936 "Food intake" phenotype SIGNOR-PH152 SIGNOR "vitamin D" smallmolecule CHEBI:27300 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 9606 30080183 f lperfetto "Ultraviolet radiation results in the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to pre-vitamin D, which isomerizes to vitamin D in the skin. Vitamin D can also be obtained from nutrition." SIGNOR-270565 GATAD2A protein Q86YP4 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263846 RIMBP3 protein Q9UFD9 UNIPROT RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264365 SAR1A protein Q9NR31 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" binding 30605680 t lperfetto "Biogenesis of COPII vesicles is initiated by the activation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein secretion-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Sar1) at specialized subdomains of the ER, called ER exit sites (ERES) or transitional ER (tER). Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer." SIGNOR-265304 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 16431920 t fspada "These data suggest that c/ebp beta activates a single unified pathway of adipogenesis involving its stimulation of ppargamma expression, which then activates c/ebp alpha expression by dislodging hdac1 from the promoter for degradation in the proteasome" SIGNOR-143961 pirenzepine chemical CHEBI:8247 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258396 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr134 LKFYDSNtVKQKYLS 9606 BTO:0004828 32483448 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, CDK12 directly binds to and phosphorylates PAK2 at T134/T169 to activate MAPK signaling pathway" SIGNOR-273111 glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI GLRA1 protein P23415 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001175;BTO:0001279;BTO:0000146 18721822 t miannu "The glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyR), a member of the pentameric Cys-loop ion channel receptor family, mediates inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord, brainstem and retina." SIGNOR-264980 HIP1 protein O00291 UNIPROT REST protein Q13127 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21832040 f miannu "HIPPI could bind to the promoter of REST and increased its expression in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells. Such activation of REST down-regulated expression of REST target genes, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or proenkephalin (PENK)." SIGNOR-255076 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 17548584 t svumbaca "The loss of macrophage expression of HIF-1 led to significant decreases in the production of TNF-a, IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL-12" SIGNOR-256235 BCL7B protein Q9BQE9 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269783 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT SIK3 protein Q9Y2K2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr221 TPGQLLKtWCGSPPY 9606 14976552 t lperfetto "Lkb1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the ampk subfamily, including mark/par-1we recently demonstrated that the lkb1 tumour suppressor kinase, in complex with the pseudokinase strad and the scaffolding protein mo25, phosphorylates and activates amp-activated protein kinase (ampk). A total of 12 human kinases (nuak1, nuak2, brsk1, brsk2, qik, qsk, sik, mark1, mark2, mark3, mark4 and melk) are related to ampk. Here we demonstrate that lkb1 can phosphorylate the t-loop of all the members of this subfamily, apart from melk, increasing their activity >50-fold" SIGNOR-122835 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-270035 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser250 TGSPAELsPTTLSPV 9606 19115199 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182992 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TEX14 protein Q8IWB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr728 NLNNMSTtEEYLISK 9606 BTO:0000007 22405274 t miannu "Cdk1 phosphorylation of Tex14 is required for the Tex14-Plk1 interaction" SIGNOR-273522 "Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate" chemical CID:11591741 PUBCHEM DPP4 protein P27487 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206923 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000614 18511691 t Luana "MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of six target genes. ChIP with anti-MeCP2 antibody shows that MeCP2 binds to the promoter regions of activated targets Sst, Oprk1, Gamt, and Gprin1, and repressed targets Mef2c and A2bp1." SIGNOR-264677 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT TRH protein P20396 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 33201916 t scontino "The rat prepro-TRH gene is activated by GATA2." SIGNOR-267258 SCNN1B protein P51168 UNIPROT CACNA1H protein O95180 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 30736831 t miannu "This study describes the functional interaction between Cav3.2 calcium channels and the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC). β- and γ-ENaC subunits could be co-immunoprecipitated with Cav3.2 calcium channels from brain lysates, dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Αβγ-ENaC channels enhanced Cav3.2 calcium channel trafficking to the plasma membrane in tsA-201 cells. This effect was reciprocal such that Cav3.2 channel expression also enhanced β-ENaC trafficking to the cell surface. these findings reveal ENaC as an interactor and potential regulator of Cav3.2 calcium channels expressed in neuronal tissues." SIGNOR-269273 HSF4 protein Q9ULV5 UNIPROT DNASE2B protein Q8WZ79 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23507146 f miannu "We found that HSF4 promoted the expression and DNase activity of DLAD by directly binding to the DLAD promoter." SIGNOR-254479 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT SMARCAL1 protein Q9NZC9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser652 RLKSDVLsQLPAKQR 9606 BTO:0000007 23873943 t miannu "ATR phosphorylates SMARCAL1 on S652, thereby limiting its fork regression activities and preventing aberrant fork processing. Thus, phosphorylation of SMARCAL1 is one mechanism by which ATR prevents fork collapse, promotes the completion of DNA replication, and maintains genome integrity." SIGNOR-273516 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT ZDHHC13 protein Q8IUH4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser8 MEGPGLGsQCRNHSH 10090 BTO:0000847 28869973 t miannu "Collectively these results suggest that ZDHHC13 phosphorylation by ATR following UVB irradiation promotes its interaction with MC1R to stimulate MC1R palmitoylation." SIGNOR-273517 ZDHHC13 protein Q8IUH4 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation 10090 BTO:0000847 28869973 t miannu "Collectively these results suggest that ZDHHC13 phosphorylation by ATR following UVB irradiation promotes its interaction with MC1R to stimulate MC1R palmitoylation.Activating MC1R palmitoylation rescues the defect of MC1R RHC variants" SIGNOR-273518 NEK7 protein Q8TDX7 UNIPROT KIF14 protein Q15058 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser607 NLIDLAGsERCSTAH 9606 BTO:0000565 28630147 t miannu "Nek7 direct phosphorylation is required for the anaphase localization of Kif14. we generated an EGFP-Kif14-5A construct in which Ser56, Ser607, Ser1217, Ser1219, and Ser1220 were all mutated to Ala. When transfected into HeLa cells, EGFP-Kif14-5A was expressed to similar levels as WT Kif14 (Fig. S3 C), but its localization to the central spindle in anaphase cells was completely abolished (Fig. 6 C)." SIGNOR-266417 Angiotensin-1 protein P01019-PRO_0000032457 UNIPROT ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32201502 t MIANNU "Ang I is subsequently converted into the major RAS effector peptide Ang II or Ang (1–8), through activity of the zinc-dependent protease ACE, which hydrolyzes two amino acids from the carboxy terminus of Ang I" SIGNOR-260231 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19491197 f miannu "expression of E2F1 in the p53(-/-) hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B led to an increase of endogenous HIC1 mRNA, although bisulfite genomic sequencing of the HIC1 promoter revealed that the region bearing the two E2F1 binding sites is hypermethylated. In addition, endogenous E2F1 induced by etoposide treatment bound to the HIC1 promoter. Moreover, inhibition of E2F1 strongly reduced the expression of etoposide-induced HIC1." SIGNOR-253844 lofexidine chemical CHEBI:51368 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 22341244 t Luana "Lofexidine was selected because its scaffold is similar to that of the imidazolines of the present study and, as emerged from our functional study (Table 2), it displayed significant α2A- and α2C-AR agonism. " SIGNOR-258331 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser119 EILSRRPsYRKILND 10090 BTO:0002572 21385900 t "Our study demonstrates that PTEN can dephosphorylate CREB at Ser133 and that PTEN protein phosphatase activity is required for CREB dephosphoryation.|Moreover, we use both in vitro and in vivo experiments to show PTEN can dephosphorylate CREB in a phosphatase-dependent manner, suggesting that CREB is a substrate of PTEN nuclear phosphatase. Loss of Pten results in an elevated RNA level of multiple CREB transcriptional targets and increased cell proliferation, which can be reversed by a nonphosphorylatable CREB mutant or knockdown of CREB. These data reveal a mechanism for PTEN modulation of CREB-mediated gene transcription and cell growth." SIGNOR-248543 RASGEF1A protein Q8N9B8 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 19201597 t gcesareni "Gefs catalyse the transition from gdp-bound, inactive ras to gtp-bound, active ras." SIGNOR-183826 LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17081971 f amattioni "The interaction of beta-catenin with the N terminus of tcf/lef transiently converts it into an activator, translating the Wnt signal into the transient transcription of Tcf target genes. The Wnt pathway has distinct transcriptional outputs, which are determined by the identity of the responding cell, and range from cell proliferation and survival to the terminal differentiation of postmitotic cells." SIGNOR-229767 CREB5 protein Q02930 UNIPROT RDX protein P35241 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002816 21132541 f miannu "Our result verified CREB5 biological regulation module in the upstream of frontal cortex of HIVE-control patients (MAPKAPK3 activation; DGKG, LY96, TNFRSF11B inhibition) and downstream (ATP6V0E1, CFB, DGKG, MX1, TGFBR3 activation; LGALS3BP, RASGRP3, RDX, STAT1 inhibition)," SIGNOR-253809 IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT "5'-xanthylic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15652 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19480389 t miannu "IMPDH controls the gateway to guanine nucleotides, making it an ‚Äúenzyme of consequence‚Äù for virtually every organism. The IMPDH-catalyzed conversion of IMP to XMP is the first committed and rate-limiting step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. XMP is subsequently converted to GMP by the action of GMP synthetase (GMPS)." SIGNOR-267335 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser424 CDEEFSDsEDEGEGG 9606 BTO:0000567 12082111 t llicata "HDAC2 is phosphorylated uniquely by protein kinase CK2 in vitro. Studies using unfractionated cell extracts with CK2 inhibitors suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major source of HDAC2 kinase. Finally, and perhaps most interesting, HDAC2 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity, selectively regulates complex formation, but has no effect on transcriptional repression. | Since our data suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major kinase responsible for HDAC2 phosphorylation, and because Ser422 and Ser424, but not Ser411, lie within CK2 recognition sequences, we believe that Ser394, Ser422, and Ser424 constitute the three phosphorylated residues in HDAC2." SIGNOR-250888 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation Lys25 PETGRTVkEPEGPPP 9606 19744555 t miannu "Foxl2 is sumoylated by ubc9, and this ubc9-mediated sumoylation is essential to the transcriptional activity of foxl2 on the star promoter. / the sumoylation site was identified at lysine 25 of foxl2" SIGNOR-187901 RPAP2 protein Q8IXW5 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1665 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 BTO:0000567 22137580 t "In addition, we show that RPAP2 is a CTD Ser5 phosphatase. Taken together, our results indicate that during transcription of snRNA genes, Ser7 phosphorylation facilitates recruitment of RPAP2, which in turn both recruits Integrator and dephosphorylates Ser5.|The Pol II CTD is first phosphorylated on Ser5 and then on Ser7 by CDK7. RPAP2 associates with the Pol II CTD after Ser7 phosphorylation and tethers a subcomplex of Integrator to snRNA genes. RPAP2 dephosphorylates Ser5P of the CTD, facilitating transcription and the subsequent recruitment of the Int11 catalytic subunit of Integrator" SIGNOR-248750 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT GFRA2 protein O00451 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9192898 t gcesareni "Gdnf mediates its actions through a multicomponent receptor system composed of a ligand-binding glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked protein (designated gdnfr-alpha)." SIGNOR-49184 SOST protein Q9BQB4 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 19874086 f "Interacts with LRP4 (via the extracellular domain);the interaction facilitates the Wnt signaling. Interacts with LRP5 (via the first two YWTD-EGF repeat domains);the interaction inhibits Wnt-mediated signaling." gcesareni "It has been shown that both sclerostin and dkk1 act physiologically as downstream mole-cules of bmp signaling to inhibit canonical wnt sig-naling and therefore negatively regulate bone mass" SIGNOR-188964 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT USP37 protein Q86T82 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser628 MVNSCITsPSTPSKK 9606 SIGNOR-C83 21596315 t lperfetto "There is positive reinforcement of this signaling mechanism because phosphorylation of Ser628 by CDK2/cyclin E and CDK2/cyclin A complexes produces maximal USP37 activity" SIGNOR-265045 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr286 SVPSAAVtPLNESLQ 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134576 "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 16452181 f irozzo "C-myc is a direct target of SWI/SNF complex–dependent promoter repression. These results indicate that repression of c-myc is indeed dependent on the activity of SWI/SNF–related complexes and specifically on complexes that contain ARID1A." SIGNOR-256292 ATP5F1C protein P36542 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261405 COL4A4 protein P53420 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253245 POU1F1 protein P28069 UNIPROT TSHB protein P01222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001379 10931853 t scontino "CBP and Pit-1 acted synergistically in TRH stimulation of the TSH-β promoter. The human TSH-β promoter contains three well defined Pit-1 DNA-binding sites." SIGNOR-267205 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t lperfetto "The transcription factors stat1, stat3, and stat5 are directly phosphorylated by erbb-1, subsequent to which they dimerize through phosphotyrosine-sh2 domain interactions and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene trascription critical for proliferation" SIGNOR-121962 CYP24A1 protein Q07973 UNIPROT calcitetrol smallmolecule CHEBI:47799 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 30080183 t lperfetto "Homozygous mutations in the vitamin D 24-hydroxylase CYP24A1, the major enzyme responsible for inactivation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, lead to idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH)." SIGNOR-270571 ETFBKMT protein Q8IXQ9 UNIPROT ETFB protein P38117 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys200 ATLPNIMkAKKKKIE -1 25416781 t miannu "Accordingly, we found that METTL20-mediated methylation of ETFβ in vitro reduced its ability to receive electrons from the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. In conclusion, the present study establishes METTL20 as the first human KMT localized to mitochondria and suggests that it may regulate cellular metabolism through modulating the interaction between its substrate ETFβ and dehydrogenases." SIGNOR-269450 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10116 15069075 f lperfetto "The mechanism by which the phosphorylation of ser307 or ser318 inhibits irs-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is not known. Prolonged insulin-stimulation inhibits irs-1 binding to the phosphorylated npey motif in the juxta-membrane region of the irbeta -subunit." SIGNOR-236625 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr183 DTMAKRNtVIGTPFW 9534 BTO:0004055 12223493 t lperfetto "Mapping of MST1 kinase sites of phosphorylation. Activation and autophosphorylationWe define Thr(183) in subdomain VIII as a primary site of phosphoactivation. Thr(187) is also critical for kinase activity." SIGNOR-247577 SMARCC2 protein Q8TAQ2 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270605 ARHGEF10 protein O15013 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260537 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr393 RLMTGDTyTAHAGAK 9534 BTO:0004055 11163214 t lperfetto "Several experiments suggest that the pest-type ptps negatively regulate c-abl activity: c-abl was hyperphosphorylated in ptp-pest-deficient cells dephosphorylation of c-abl by pest-type ptp represents a novel mechanism by which c-abl activity is regulated." SIGNOR-235568 DLX3 protein O60479 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17060321 f gcesareni "Here we show that bmp2 induces dlx3, a homeodomain protein that activates runx2 gene transcription. Small interfering rna knockdown studies in osteoblasts validate that dlx3 is a potent regulator of runx2." SIGNOR-150177 PYGB protein P11216 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 3346228 t "Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases are found in at least three isozymic forms that can be distinguished by functional and structural properties as well as by the tissues in which they are preferentially expressed [√¢‚Ǩ¬¶] Each phosphorylase isozyme fulfills different physiological requirements even though all forms of the enzyme catalyze the same reaction, the phosphorolysis of glycogen to yield glucose 1-phosphate." SIGNOR-267952 PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT ARID5B protein Q14865 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21532585 t miannu "We found that phosphorylated PHF2 then associates with ARID5B, a DNA-binding protein, and induce demethylation of methylated ARID5B. Assembly of the PHF2–ARID5B complex, its recruitment to target promoters, and its H3H9Me2 demethylase activity were dependent on PKA activity." SIGNOR-264514 TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257316 NLGN3 protein Q9NZ94 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Like NRXNs, NLGNs bind to intracellular PDZ-domain proteins, but in contrast to NRXNs, NLGNs bind to class I PDZ domains such as those contained in PSD95, a postsynaptic MAGUK protein65. PSD95 and its homologues are centrally involved in recruiting glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites66. Similarly to CASK, PSD95 binds to intracellular adaptor proteins, and especially to GKAP (a protein that binds to the guanylate-kinase domain of PSD95), which, in turn, binds to SHANK proteins (Fig. 1b). A possible role of these interactions is to recruit postsynaptic adaptor proteins to the site of synaptic junctions." SIGNOR-264189 HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT HEXIM1 protein O94992 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 17174306 f lperfetto "In the present study, we show that hnRNP-U specifically enhances the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA by increasing its stability, possibly through binding to the 3' untranslated region. We also show that hnRNP-U enhances the expression of several other genes as well, including GADD45A, HEXIM1, HOXA2, IER3, NHLH2, and ZFY, by binding to and stabilizing these mRNAs." SIGNOR-262283 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22575959 t gcesareni "Znrf3 is associated with the wnt receptor complex, and inhibits wntby promoting the turnover of frizzled and lrp6." SIGNOR-197417 POLG2 protein Q9UHN1 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase gamma" complex SIGNOR-C378 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 19837034 t lperfetto "Here, we report a crystal structure of human DNA Pol gamma holoenzyme. The holoenzyme is a heterotrimer containing one Pol gammaA subunit and a dimeric Pol gammaB subunit." SIGNOR-265718 SLC27A5 protein Q9Y2P5 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264466 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser405 KTQTPPVsPAPQPTE 9606 21079800 t gcesareni "Strikingly, we find that pak1 phosphorylation of cortactin on serine residues 405 and 418 increases its association with n-wasp. Thus, pak1, by controlling the interaction between cortactin and n-wasp, could regulate the polymerization of actin during clathrin-independent endocytosis." SIGNOR-169690 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sPPLRDVD 9606 BTO:0000222 14749395 t lperfetto "Myod is phosphorylated on ser5 and ser200 by cyclin b-cdc2, resulting in a decrease of its stability and down-regulation of both myod and p21." SIGNOR-216924 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-[(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)thio]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one chemical CHEBI:94732 ChEBI MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 18922779 t "BI-78D3 is substrate competitive." gcesareni "Bi-78d3, dose-dependently inhibits the phosphorylation of jnk substrates both in vitro and in cell." SIGNOR-181647 CDX1 protein P47902 UNIPROT VIL1 protein P09327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19371634 f miannu "We concluded that cdx2 regulates intestinal villin expression through recruiting brm-type swi/snf complex to the villin promoter." SIGNOR-185483 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val72 GLTEYRLvSINKSSP -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263567 FBXO38 protein Q6PIJ6 UNIPROT KLF7 protein O75840 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 14729953 t miannu "Interaction between MoKA and KLF7 was confirmed by the in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and by coimmunoprecipitation of the proteins overexpressed in mammalian cells. Functional assays documented that MoKA is a KLF7 coactivator" SIGNOR-224621 CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000776 25673924 t lperfetto "CD19 has an extracellular region containing two C2-type Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic region of ~240 amino acids with 9 conserved tyrosine residues24. Lyn, a Src-family protein tyrosine kinase member, is the dominant kinase that phosphorylates CD19 upon stimulation. Once tyrosyl-phosphorylated, CD19 serves as a membrane-bound adaptor protein for Src homology 2-containing signaling molecules such as Lyn, Vav, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which further mediate downstream activation cascades." SIGNOR-252670 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT C1QTNF5 protein Q9BXJ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000224 20621834 f miannu "Here we demonstrate the mechanism by which the CTRP5 gene is transcriptionally activated in the liver. CTRP5 is activated by HNF4alpha via the region -206/-167 of the human CTRP5 promoter." SIGNOR-254448 IL5RA protein Q01344 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 7602114 t "Jak 2 is physically associated with the IL-5b receptor. The binding of IL-5 to its receptor results in tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Jak 2 tyrosine kinase within 1 to 3 min." SIGNOR-254352 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR CCL2 protein P13500 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21561061 t Luana "3b Potentiates AP-1-Dependent MCP-1 Promoter Activity" SIGNOR-260764 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT MSC protein O60682 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254861 SIL1 protein Q9H173 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 12356756 t Simone "BAP, a Mammalian BiP-associated Protein, Is a Nucleotide Exchange Factor That Regulates the ATPase Activity of BiP. In addition,BAP was associated with BiP in mammalian cells and inter-acted with BiP functionallyin vitro. BAP stimulated the ATPase activity of BiP when added alone or together with the ER DnaJ protein, ERdj4, by promoting the release of ADP from BiP. Together, these data demonstrate that BAP serves as a nucleotide exchange factor for BiP and provide insights into the mechanisms that control protein folding in the mammalian ER." SIGNOR-261045 MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "Neurofibrillary tangle formation" phenotype SIGNOR-PH58 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11578751 f lperfetto "Tau is a multifunctional microtubule-associated protein that plays major roles in the assembly of microtubules, the stabilization of microtubules against dynamic instability, and in bridging these polymers with other cytoskeletal filaments 43, 44, 45, 46 and 47. In normal brain, the equilibrium between phosphorylations and dephosphorylations of tau modulates the stability of the cytoskeleton and consequently axonal morphology. The earliest modification found in Alzheimer brains consists of hyperphosphorylations on tau by the action of different protein kinase and phosphatase systems that appear to lead to structural and conformational changes in this protein, thus affecting its binding with tubulin and the capacity to promote microtubule assembly" SIGNOR-251642 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein Q8N726 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12091906 f irozzo "AML1 binds to a six base pair DNA sequence (TGT/cGGT) that is present in many hematopoietic-specific genes.The p53 promoter does not contain any perfect AML1 DNA-binding sites (TGT/cGGT), but the human p14ARF promoter contains eight such sites (Fig. 1a), as well as multiple sites that match the broader consensus sequence (PyGPy/AGGT) or that have a single change from the consensus site.AML1 regulates the p14ARF promoter through an AML1 consensus DNA-binding site." SIGNOR-255713 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser68 GGGDEPGsPAQGKRG 9606 BTO:0000007 26975371 t gcesareni "These results indicate that SCP1 is the phosphatase that counter-regulates the MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of S68-Twist1." SIGNOR-245962 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT LASP1 protein Q14847 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser99 KNKGKGFsVVADTPE -1 12432067 t miannu "Lasp-1 binds to non-muscle filamentous (F) actin in vitro in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of recombinant lasp-1 with recombinant PKA increased the Kd and decreased the Bmax for lasp-1 binding to F-actin. PKA-dependent phosphorylation sites in rabbit lasp-1 to S99 and S146" SIGNOR-250075 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1892 TPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120232 LRRFIP2 protein Q9Y608 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15677333 t gcesareni "In particular, a previously unrecognized activator, lrrfip2 (leucine-rich repeat in flightless interaction protein 2), was found that interacts with dvl to increase the cellular levels of _-catenin and activate _-catenin/lef/tcf-dependent transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-133429 MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19250911 t gcesareni "Sqstm1/p62 (named a170 in the mouse;hereafter p62) is the first proposed example of such proteins (bj_?_?Rk_?_?Y et al.,2005). It binds polyubiquitinated protein aggregates via its uba domain and interacts with lc3 on the autophagosome/ this interaction is necessary for autophagic degradation of p62-positive cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing ubiquitinated proteins. We also demonstrate that alis are indistinguishable from p62 inclusion bodies and that p62 is required for their formation." SIGNOR-184198 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1944 GSTYSPTsPGYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269383 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0002417 15358865 t gcesareni "Activation of the Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade after T cell stimulation accelerated degradation of c-Jun and JunB through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the E3 ligase Itch." SIGNOR-245315 VARS1 protein P26640 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30755602 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase." SIGNOR-270528 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM61 protein Q5EBN2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271163 PAICS protein P22234 UNIPROT 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-D-ribosyl)imidazolium-4-carboxylate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:77657 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The next two reactions (steps 6 and 7) involve carb oxylation of AIR to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonu cleotide (CAIR) and ligation of the carboxy group of CAIR with an amide group derived from Asp in an ATP dependent reaction forming 4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)- 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR). These reac tions are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS)." SIGNOR-268110 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GRK7 protein Q8WTQ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser36 ELQRRRRsLALPGLQ 8355 BTO:0001175 18803695 t miannu "Recently, we have defined sites of phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the amino termini of both GRK1 and GRK7 in vitro. To determine the conditions under which GRK7 is phosphorylated in vivo, we have generated an antibody that recognizes GRK7 phosphorylated on Ser36, the PKA phosphorylation site. Using this phospho-specific antibody, we have shown that GRK7 is phosphorylated in vivo and is located in the cone inner and outer segments of mammalian, amphibian and fish retinas. The conservation of phosphorylation at Ser36 in GRK7 in these different species (which span a 400 million-year evolutionary period), and its light-dependent regulation, indicates that phosphorylation plays an important role in the function of GRK7" SIGNOR-263152 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2315 RSPQPVPsPRPQSQP 9606 17623675 t gcesareni "Erk2-mediated c-terminal serine phosphorylation of p300 (ser-2279, ser-2315, and ser-2366) is vital to the regulation of epidermal growth factor-induced keratin 16 gene expression." SIGNOR-156891 MORC2 protein Q9Y6X9 UNIPROT NAT10 protein Q9H0A0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31616951 t done miannu "MORC2 directly interacts with PARP1. MORC2 mediates the interaction between PARP1 and NAT10 and thereby promotes NAT10-mediated PARP1 acetylation at K949, which blocks CHFR-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PARP1." SIGNOR-273716 NatA complex SIGNOR-C415 SIGNOR CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0001109 21351257 t miannu "The human protein N(α)-terminal acetyltransferase A complex (hNatA), composed of the catalytic hNaa10p (hArd1) and auxiliary hNaa15p (hNat1/NATH/Tubedown) subunits, was reported to be important for cell survival and growth of various types of cancer.  lack of acetylation by hNatA activated H2A.X and Chk2 in both HCT116 cell lines independent of TP53 status (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-267228 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249484 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15640349 f irozzo "Menin activates transcription by means of a mechanism involving recruitment of MLL to the p27Kip1 and p18Ink4c promoters and coding regions." SIGNOR-255889 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNJ3 protein P48549 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser385 NSKERHNsVECLDGL 9606 19151997 t llicata "Using this approach, we identified s385 as an in vitro phosphorylation site. Mutation of this residue to alanine resulted in a reduced sensitivity of kir3.1* currents to h89 and forskolin, confirming an in vivo role for this novel site of the kir3.1 channel subunit in its regulation by pka." SIGNOR-183475 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser309 SLGEGNGsPNHQPEP 9606 19237534 t lperfetto "We previously established that phosphorylation of lsf in early g1 at ser-291 and ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in g1 is required for its reactivation. At the peak activities of erk and cyclin c/cdk2 in early g1, lsf is efficiently phosphorylated on ser-291 and ser-309." SIGNOR-184180 TIMM9 protein Q9Y5J7 UNIPROT "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 32901109 t lperfetto "Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex|In humans, TIM22 is a 440-kDa complex comprising at least six components: the hypothetical channel-forming protein Tim22, three small Tim proteins (Tim9, Tim10a and Tim10b), Tim29 and acylglycerol kinase (AGK)." SIGNOR-267704 "vinorelbine L-tartrate" chemical CHEBI:32296 ChEBI TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 7740336 t miannu "Vinorelbine (Navelbine; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC; Pierre Fabre Médicament, Paris, France) and paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Oncology, Princeton, NJ) as single-agent therapy exhibit good activity in breast and lung cancers. Because these agents bind to distinct sites on tubulin and affect microtubules in opposite ways, a pilot study was conducted of the combination of vinorelbine and paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer or lung cancer who were refractory to first-line chemotherapy." SIGNOR-259348 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT RHOQ protein P17081 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252185 PTGFR protein P43088 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257193 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253498 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser331 KSKGRASsSGNQESS 9606 BTO:0005035 19861535 t lperfetto "In this study, we report a novel phosphorylation site serine 331 (S331) of FANCD2, the pivotal downstream player of the Fanconi anemia pathway. Phosphorylation of S331 is important for its DNA damage-inducible monoubiquitylation, resistance to DNA cross-linkers, and in vivo interaction with FANCD1/BRCA2.|In vitro and in vivo experiments show that phosphorylation of S331 is mediated by CHK1," SIGNOR-263252 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser513 GEDEESEsD -1 9045708 t llicata "Purified CKI and CKII phosphorylate the wild-type carboxyl terminus of VMAT2, but not a double mutant with both serines 512 and 514 replaced by alanine. The protein kinase inhibitor CKI-7 and unlabeled GTP both block in vitro phosphorylation by cell homogenates, indicating a role for CKII and possibly CKI in vivo. Both kinases phosphorylate the VMAT2 fusion protein to a much greater extent than a similar fusion protein containing the carboxyl terminus of VMAT1, consistent with differential phosphorylation of the two transporters observed in intact cells. " SIGNOR-250952 MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10523642 t gcesareni "Overexpression of full-length jsap1 in cos-7 cells led to a considerable enhancement of jnk3 activation, and modest enhancement of jnk1 and jnk2 activation, by the mekk1-sek1 pathwaythe regions of jsap1 that bound jnk, sek1, and mekk1 were distinct from one another. Jnk and mekk1 also bound jsap1 in vitro, suggesting that these interactions are direct." SIGNOR-71471 "sepantronium bromide" chemical CHEBI:139608 ChEBI BIRC5 protein O15392 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 25659731 t miannu "The survivin suppressant YM155 (Sepantronium Bromide) has pre-clinical activity against a range of solid cancers and leukemias, although data in AML is limited. These data suggest that YM155-mediated inhibition of survivin is a potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy for AML, particularly paediatric disease, and warrants further evaluation." SIGNOR-262245 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 25549588 f areggio "Muscle-specific ubiq- uitin ligases, muscle-specific RING-finger 1 (MURF1; also known as TRIM63)12 and atrogin 1 (also known as MAFBX)8, are markedly induced in almost all types of atrophy." SIGNOR-254994 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131838 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 15467457 t miannu "Pocket protein family consists of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (prb) and the functionally and structurally related proteins p107 and p130./dephosphorylation of p130 and p107 in cell extracts is inhibited by concentrations of okadaic acid known to inhibit pp2a, but not pp1. Finally, the pp2a catalytic subunit pp2a/c) specifically interacts with both p130 and p107 / the cell cycle repressor activity of pocket proteins is inactivated by cdk mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-129752 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT TUBGCP6 protein Q96RT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1087 HGHVSNAsISLGESV -1 22302995 t miannu "Plk4 interacts with and phosphorylates GCP6. we show that GCP6 is an integral component of the centriole and required for centriole duplication. Moreover, we find that GCP6 interacts in vitro and in vivo with Plk4. We show that phosphorylation of GCP6 by Plk4 is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication." SIGNOR-262901 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser158 REGTRVQsVEQIREV 9606 SIGNOR-C15 23291169 t lperfetto "We found that an activated amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) phosphorylates ctbp1 on ser-158 upon metabolic stresses. Moreover, ampk-mediated phosphorylation of ctbp1 (s158) attenuates the repressive function of ctbp1" SIGNOR-200250 FCAR protein P24071 UNIPROT Immune_response phenotype SIGNOR-PH17 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000130;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876;BTO:0000399 30766540 f lperfetto "IgA-mediated immune effector responses such as phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, respiratory burst and cytokine release are mediated through FcalphaRI (CD89), an IgA-specific receptor that is expressed on monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages" SIGNOR-264862 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2366 MEQGHFAsPDQNSML 9606 17623675 t lperfetto "Serine residues (ser-2279, ser-2315, and ser-2366) on the c terminus of p300 were the major signaling targets of egf. Furthermore, the c-terminal serine phosphorylation of p300 stimulated its histone acetyltransferase activity these results also constituted the first report identifying the unique p300 phosphorylation sites induced by erk2 in vivo." SIGNOR-244537 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14988395 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Insulin-activated erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 at serine residues 432 and 455 in vivo.Further characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and promoter reporter gene analyses revealed that phosphorylation does not influence protein/dna interaction, but enhances trans-activity." SIGNOR-270012 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MCOLN1 protein Q9GZU1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser559 KFRRGSGsACSLLCC 9606 17988215 t llicata "The stimulatory effect of h89 on mcoln1 function was not observed when ser(557) and ser(559) were mutated to alanine residues, indicating that these two residues are essential for pka-mediated negative regulation of mcoln1." SIGNOR-158950 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT MYL3 protein P08590 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu135 GTYEDFVeGLRVFDK 9986 BTO:0003324 12186978 t lperfetto "By sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis, a noncanonical cleavage site for caspase-3 was mapped to the C-terminal DFVE(135)G motif. We demonstrated that vMLC1 cleavage in failing myocardium in vivo is associated with a morphological disruption of the organized vMLC1 staining of sarcomeres, and with a reduction in myocyte contractile performance." SIGNOR-270593 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT DKK3 protein Q9UBP4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002392 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Downregulation of BDKRB2, PHYHIPL, HIST2H2BE, FGF7, PTGER1, NPTX1, EGR1, COL9A3, CUGBP2, DKK3 and BPI was confirmed." SIGNOR-261658 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT BAZ1B protein Q9UIG0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser158 KSDGACDsPSSDKEN 9606 19776015 t gcesareni "Wstf, a specific component of two chromatin remodeling complexes (swi/snf-type winac and iswi-type wich), was phosphorylated by the stimulation of mapk cascades in vitro and in vivo. Ser-158 residue in the wac (wstf/acf1/cbpq46) domain, located close to the n terminus of wstf, was identified as a major phosphorylation target" SIGNOR-188168 ISL1 protein P61371 UNIPROT NLI/Lmx1.1/Isl1 complex SIGNOR-C103 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 9452425 t miannu "Interactions between LIM transcription factors were also evaluated in vivo. Cotransfected FLAG-Lmx1.1 and HA-Isl1 were capable of interacting. the NLI-dependent interaction observed between Isl1 and Lmx1.1 is likely to represent a physiologically significant complex found in the endocrine cells of the pancreas." SIGNOR-220131 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser236 AKRRRLSsLRASTSK 9606 17360704 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that while ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1) phosphorylates rps6 at all sites, rsk exclusively phosphorylates rps6 at ser(235/236) in vitro and in vivo using an mtor-independent mechanism." SIGNOR-252812 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser498 RPLSRTQsSPLPQSP 9606 BTO:0000887 11114197 t gcesareni "Camk phosphorylates serines -259 and -498 in hdac5, which subsequently serve as docking sites for 14-3-3. Our studies suggest that 14-3-3 binding to hdac5 is required for camk-dependent disruption of mef2hdac complexes and nuclear export of hdac5, and implicate 14-3-3 as a signal-dependent regulator of muscle cell differentiation." SIGNOR-85102 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1252 QPTLPSSsPVPIPVS 9606 BTO:0000567 37584777 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on mass spec table" lperfetto "CDK1 phosphorylates AMBRA1 at T1209 and S1223. |CDK1-mediated phosphorylation primes PLK1 phosphorylation on AMBRA1|In this work, we show that AMBRA1 is sequentially phosphorylated at mitosis by CDK1 and PLK1 on multiple sites. In particular, CDK1 is responsible for the early phosphorylations on T1209 and S1223, and it promotes additional late phosphorylation events by PLK1 on AMBRA1. Altogether, these phosphorylation events are critical for proper spindle function and orientation. Indeed, phosphorylated AMBRA1 can interact with NUMA1 and is responsible for NUMA1 proper localization at the cell cortex. Moreover, we observe that loss of AMBRA1 leads to PLK1 protein stabilization and to an increase in phospho-NUMA1 levels which, in turn, contributes to spindle orientation defects." SIGNOR-272968 KLHL3 protein Q9UH77 UNIPROT WNK4 protein Q96J92 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23453970 t miannu "Here, we found that KLHL3 interacted with Cullin3 and WNK4, induced WNK4 ubiquitination, and reduced the WNK4 protein level. The reduced interaction of KLHL3 and WNK4 by PHAII-causing mutations in either protein reduced the ubiquitination of WNK4, resulting in an increased level of WNK4 protein." SIGNOR-272105 GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser334 PLGDDEAsATVSKTE -1 8617805 t "That light-dependent phosphorylation of Rho is mediated primarily by RK. Addition of an inhibitory antibody against rhodopsin kinase (RK) lowered phosphorylation at Ser334, Ser338, and Ser343, without changing the ratio between phosphorylation sites. upon illumination, Ser334c, Ser338, and Ser343 are phosphorylated." SIGNOR-251189 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp326 NSEEDEMdSGTMVRA 9534 BTO:0004055 11517310 t lperfetto "In response to apoptotic stimuli, caspase cleavage of mst1 occurs at asp-326 and asp-349, resulting in the separation of its n-terminal kinase domain from the nes-containing c-terminal domain. Thus, caspase cleavage of mst1 serves two purposes: one is activation of mst1 kinase activity and the other is translocation of mst1 into the nucleus." SIGNOR-109874 FCN3 protein O75636 UNIPROT MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000392 11907111 t lperfetto "H-ficolin binds to PSA, a polysaccharide produced by Aerococcus viridans. C4 was activated by H-ficolin preparations bound to PSA which had been coated on ELISA plates. These results indicate that H-ficolin is a second ficolin which is associated with MASPs and sMAP, and which activates the lectin pathway|Proteolytic activation of complement components by H-ficolin-MASP." SIGNOR-263410 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7566157 t gcesareni "The p21 gene is under the transcriptional control of p53 (ref. 5), suggesting that p21 might promote p53-dependent cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. p21cip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor that is transcriptionally activated by p53 in response to dna damage. p53 then transcriptionally upregulates the expression of target genes, of which p21 is critical for inhibiting g1/s entry." SIGNOR-29248 ASIP protein P42127 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268698 FIZ1 protein Q96SL8 UNIPROT NRL protein P54845 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9913 12566383 t miannu "Interaction of Fiz1 and NRL-leucine zipper was validated by GST pulldown assays and co-immunoprecipitation from bovine retinal nuclear extracts. Fiz1 suppressed NRL- but not CRX-mediated transactivation of rhodopsin promoter activity in transiently transfected CV1 cells." SIGNOR-223796 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PML protein P29590 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser36 PSEGRQPsPSPSPTE 9606 BTO:0001271 15093545 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P29590-4" gcesareni "We conclude that phosphorylation by map kinase cascades potentiates the antiproliferative functions of pml and helps mediate the proapoptotic effects of as(2)o(3)." SIGNOR-124240 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 TVNQSLLsPLVLEVD 9606 11788583 t lperfetto "Keratin 8 (k8) serine 73 occurs within a relatively conserved type ii keratin motif . Here we show that ser-73 is exclusively phosphorylated in vitro by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The ser-73 --> ala-associated filament reorganization defect is rescued by a ser-73 --> asp mutation. Also, disease-causing keratin mutations can modulate keratin phosphorylation and organization, which may affect disease pathogenesis." SIGNOR-114063 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser338 RPRGQRDsSYYWEIE 9606 11733498 t lperfetto "Interaction between active pak1 and raf-1 is necessary for phosphorylation and activation of raf-1." SIGNOR-112549 SLC18A2 protein Q05940 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 30465801 t miannu "Key regulators of transmitter release and the signaling dynamics of dopamine are the plasma membrane reuptake transporter (DAT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2). These proteins serve to remove dopamine molecules from the extracellular and cytosolic space, respectively and both determine the amount of transmitter released from synaptic vesicles." SIGNOR-269197 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257478 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR SLC4A4 protein Q9Y6R1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000988 21317537 t lperfetto "WNK kinases acted as scaffolds to recruit SPAK, which phosphorylated CFTR and NBCe1-B, reducing their cell surface expression. IRBIT opposed the effects of WNKs and SPAK by recruiting PP1 to the complex to dephosphorylate CFTR and NBCe1-B, restoring their cell surface expression," SIGNOR-264647 STK16 protein O75716 UNIPROT STK16 protein O75716 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser197 AAQRCTIsYRAPELF -1 18184589 t Manara "Indeed, our kinetic analysis of MPSK1 autophosphorylation showed that autophosphorylation is a slow process and that two of the three identified sites are largely buried in unphosphorylated MPSK1. However, two autophosphorylation sites are located in the P + 1 loop and phosphorylation at these locations might affect substrate recognition." SIGNOR-260804 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 SETNQNSsSDSEAER -1 11711551 t llicata "We show here that Tcf-4 can be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase CK2 stoichiometrically in amino acids Ser-58-Ser-59-Ser-60. Phosphorylation of these residues does not modify the interaction of Tcf-4 with beta-catenin but reduces its association to plakoglobin. | Experiments performed using a Tcf-4 mutant with decreased interaction to plakoglobin demonstrated that binding to this protein negatively affected the transcriptional activity of Tcf-4." SIGNOR-250963 (S,S)-asenapine chemical CHEBI:71257 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258569 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser31 DLQEVLSsDENGGTY 9606 BTO:0000567 12876286 t llicata "CHOP transcription factor phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 inhibits transcriptional activation. | The serine to alanine substituted site CHOP mutant was not phosphorylated by CK2, indicating that serines 14–15 and 30–31 of CHOP are the CK2 phosphoacceptor sites" SIGNOR-250853 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 10090 BTO:0002572 28646232 t Gianni "We demonstrate that insulin-mediated activation of ERK1/2 results in phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 independently of Akt/mTORC1 activity in Tsc2 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that inhibition of ERK1/2 rescues GSK3β activity and restores protein synthesis in Tsc2 −/− MEFs to normal levels" SIGNOR-262524 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 9606 BTO:0000887 11160134 t lperfetto "Thus, at least three kinases mediate phosphorylation of ser307, including jnk, serine kinases in the pi 3-kinase cascade that are activated byinsulinor igf-1, and mek1-sensitive kinase cascades during tnf-alfa stimulation." SIGNOR-244784 Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C328 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268587 ADSS1 protein Q8N142 UNIPROT Nucleotide_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH179 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10496970 f miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267835 PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 23880553 t miannu "Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes convert phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate." SIGNOR-256497 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM67 protein Q6ZTA4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271177 LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25526788 f miannu "LRRC4/NGL-2 can delay the cell cycle in late G1 by increasing the expression of cell cycle inhibitory molecules (p21, p27) and reducing the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CyclinD1, CDK2, CyclinE, CDK4) via the inhibition of K-Ras/c-Raf/ERK/MAPK, PI-3K/AKT/NF- κB, p70S6/PKC and STAT3, and the upregulation of the JNK2/c-Jun/mp53 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-264059 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20162623 f Indirect:regulation miannu "Our results demonstrate that activin A induced Hb synthesis and promoter activation of the specific erythroid gene, ζ-globin, through p38α and p38β isoforms and their activator, MKK6 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6)." SIGNOR-251838 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT HOMER proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF59 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 18480293 t miannu "Homer3 is phosphorylated at Ser120, Ser159, and Ser176 by CaMKII in vitro. Homer3 phosphorylation reduces its affinity for target molecules and modulates the Ca2+ signaling patterns induced by mGluR1α activation" SIGNOR-264699 SND1 protein Q7KZF4 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12234934 t irozzo "STAT6 interacted with p100 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that the TAD of STAT6 is interacting with p100. p100 was found to enhance the STAT6-mediated transcription [.]." SIGNOR-259134 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr514 TTTPKGGtPAGSARG 9606 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-145971 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000551 15313915 f miannu "We found that this synergistic inhibition of tumor cell growth corresponded with the fhit-mediated inactivation of mdm2, which thereby blocked the association of mdm2 with p53, thus stabilizing the p53 protein." SIGNOR-127610 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT FOXP3 protein Q9BZS1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000775 32905139 t Gianni "Our results showed that arsenic induced the high expression of DNMT1 and Foxp3 gene promoter methylation level, thereby inhibiting the expression levels of Foxp3, followed by decreasing Tregs and reducing related anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 10 (IL-35)" SIGNOR-269053 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FLOT1 protein O75955 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr149 MGISVVSyTLKDIHD 9606 BTO:0001583 24983503 t done miannu "Taken together, we conclude that mitochondrial c-Src phosphorylates flotillin-1 at Tyr56 and Tyr149, and that these phosphorylations are required for its interaction with CxII and the prevention of ROS production." SIGNOR-273804 "CPI-0610 carboxylic acid" chemical CID:67815062 PUBCHEM BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0004479 26815195 t Monia "Here we describe the identification and characterization of a potent and selective benzoisoxazoloazepine BET bromodomain inhibitor that attenuates BET-dependent gene expression in vivo, demonstrates antitumor efficacy in an MV-4-11 mouse xenograft model, and is currently undergoing human clinical trials for hematological malignancies (CPI-0610)." SIGNOR-261101 Laminin-5 complex SIGNOR-C184 SIGNOR "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 12123670 t lperfetto "We have developed a cell-free assay for binding of solubilized beta1 integrins to their physiologically relevant ligands using an electrochemiluminescent detection method|Binding was clearly optimal for the presumed physiological ligands, i.e., collagen IV for a1b1, collagen I for a2b1, VCAM-Ig for a4b1, fibronectin (the 120-kDa cell attachment fragment was used) for a5b1, and laminin for a6b1." SIGNOR-253219 CRTC3 protein Q6UUV7 UNIPROT BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271;BTO:0000776;BTO:0000786 17644518 t miannu "The ankyrin repeat domain of bcl3 interacted with torc3 / we determined that bcl3 inhibited transcription from the htlv-1 ltr in a manner dependent on torc3" SIGNOR-156950 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT KCNK3 protein O14649 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser393 GLMKRRSsV 9606 21838752 t lperfetto "Task1 channels contain two putative rho kinase phosphorylation sites, ser(336) and ser(393) . Mutation of ser(393) rendered task1 channels insensitive to et(a) - or et(b)-mediated current inhibition. In contrast, removal of ser(336) selectively attenuated et(a) -dependent task1 regulation without affecting the et(b) pathway." SIGNOR-176029 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr265 GQSSAAAtPSTTGTK 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed that jnk caused thr phosphorylation of jip3 (fig. _(fig.3c).3c). This phosphorylation on thr was markedly decreased when thr266, thr276, and thr287 were replaced with ala. These data indicate that jnk phosphorylated jip3 on thr266, thr276, and thr287 in vitro." SIGNOR-134529 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 9606 16287866 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the apoptotic initiator protease caspase-9 is regulated during the cell cycle through periodic phosphorylation at an inhibitory site, thr125. This site is phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin b1 during mitosis and in response to microtubule poisons that arrest cells at this stage of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-216876 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000759 14614508 t "CREB inhibits hepatic PPAR-gamma expression in the fasted state by stimulating the expression of the Hairy Enhancer of Split (HES-1) gene, a transcriptional repressor that is shown here to be a mediator of fasting lipid metabolism in vivo" SIGNOR-253584 MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR down-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272382 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 12358777 f miannu "GDNF can support the function of primary dopaminergic neurones by triggering activation of GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I), a key enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. GTPCH I mRNA levels in primary dopaminergic neurones were not altered by GDNF treatment, suggesting that the mode of action for that up-regulation is not directly connected to the regulation of GTPCH I transcription" SIGNOR-252221 "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257702 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1132 TLPHGPRsASVSSIS 9534 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-235742 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser386 LRGAQAAsPAKGEPS 9606 BTO:0000567 23348582 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on mass spec table" lperfetto "Cdk1-cyclin B1 directly phosphorylates PTP1B at serine 386 in a kinase assay. Recombinant Plk1 phosphorylates PTP1B on serine 286 and 393 in vitro, however, it requires a priming phosphorylation by Cdk1 at serine 386 highlighting a novel co-operation between Cdk1 and Plk1 in the regulation of PTP1B.|Finally, phosphorylation on serine 286 enhanced PTP1B phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-272971 ITGA4 protein P13612 UNIPROT "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253175 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT PELI1 protein Q96FA3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr288 QCPVGFNtLAFPSMK 9606 BTO:0000007 12496252 t lperfetto "In this article we demonstrate that pellino 1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites by irak1 or irak4 in vitro. The key residues involved in activation are located between residues 76 and 86 (ser-76, ser-78, thr-80, ser-82, and thr-86) and at thr-288 and ser-293, just n-terminal to the ring-like domain that carries the e3 ligase activity. Unusually, we found that the phosphorylation of ser-76 or thr-288 or ser-293 alone was sufficient for maximal activation" SIGNOR-96751 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser86 TKNGLPGsRPGSPER 9606 16103124 t gcesareni "Moreover, app stabilized tip60 through cdk-dependent phosphorylation" SIGNOR-139649 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr56 FSSQPGHtPHPAASR 9606 16714293 t gcesareni "Bcl-2 phosphorylation by p38 mapkin this study, we identify, by using mass spectrometry techniques and specific anti-phosphopeptide antibodies, ser(87) and thr(56) as the bcl-2 residues phosphorylated by p38 mapk and show that phosphorylation of these residues is always associated with a decrease in the antiapoptotic potential of bcl-2 protein." SIGNOR-146786 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr271 CQLGQRIyQYIQSRF 9606 10910078 t lperfetto "Mirk kinase is activated by autophosphorylation on tyrosine at the y271/y273 site" SIGNOR-79806 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser642 NACTLTTsPRLPVF 10090 BTO:0000944 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-249444 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9823 BTO:0001840 SIGNOR-C3 23486913 t lperfetto "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway. Specifically as part of mtorc1, mtor directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein s6 kinases (s6k1 and s6k2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-219273 CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT Centrosome_separation phenotype SIGNOR-PH177 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 12361598 f miannu "Reduction in CP110 Protein Levels or Loss of CP110 Phosphorylation Promotes Centrosome Separation." SIGNOR-265964 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 19767751 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "These results indicate that phosphorylation of nup153 and nup214 by erk strongly reduces their affinity for importin-. nup153 depletion caused a strong inhibition of nuclear accumulation of gfp?importin-beta in both erk-inhibited and erk-activated cells (fig. 8b,c), indicating that nup153 is essential for the efficient importin-beta transport." SIGNOR-270044 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253488 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14701738 f miannu "Two functions for Gem have been demonstrated, including inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel activity and inhibition of Rho kinase-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization, such as stress fiber formation and neurite retraction. These functions for Gem have been ascribed to its interaction with the calcium channel Β subunit and Rho kinase Β, respectively." SIGNOR-261722 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 11882681 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "These findings indicate that glyr function is upregulated by ptks and this modulation is dependent on the tyrosine-413 residue of the beta subunit." SIGNOR-267796 LLGL1 protein Q15334 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG4-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C509 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270903 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPV5 protein Q9NQA5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser654 YVEVFKNsDKEDDQE 9606 17006539 t gcesareni "A cell permeable analog of DAG increased TRPV5 activity within 30 min via protein kinase C activation of the channel since mutation of TRPV5 at the putative PKC phosphorylation sites S299 and S654 prevented the stimulatory effect of TK." SIGNOR-149952 TKT protein P29401 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24929114 t miannu "Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation. TKs (with the exception of the enzymes of mammalian origin) are characterized by broad substrate specificity. Xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), erythrulose 4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate are typical donor substrates of TK; ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), and erythrose 4-phosphate are typical acceptor substrates." SIGNOR-267088 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253413 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT AIMP1 protein Q12904 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser140 KKEKKQQsIAGSADS 9606 20510162 t llicata "We further demonstrated that serine-140 residue of aimp1 was phosphorylated by jnk and alanine mutation of serine-140 suppressed lps-induced cell surface altogether, these results suggest that aimp1 is phosphorylated by jnk through tlr-myd88 pathway and lose the regulatory activity for er retention of gp96expression of gp96." SIGNOR-165763 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr74 QINMLYGtITEFCTE 9606 BTO:0000007 18362890 t gcesareni "These findings indicate that the phosphorylation of mob1 at thr74 by mst2 is essential to make a complex of mob1, mst2 and ndr1, and to fully activate ndr1" SIGNOR-177977 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT GAP43 protein P17677 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0000099 26865625 t miannu " In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a well known growth cone protein that promotes axonal regeneration, can be induced in rat brain astrocytes by the proinflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide via both nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mediated transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266772 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1717 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120020 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 17200203 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Decorin and IGF-I induce fibrillin-1 protein synthesis in normal rat kidney fibroblasts" SIGNOR-251862 RPS7 protein P62081 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262417 TNK2 protein Q07912 UNIPROT TNK2 protein Q07912 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr284 LPQNDDHyVMQEHRK 9606 14506255 t llicata "Purified ack1 undergoes autophosphorylation, and autophosphorylation enhances kinase activity. We identified tyr284 in the activation loop of ack1 as the primary autophosphorylation site using mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-118201 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 14625384 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-119237 CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-265325 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-268075 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT RAD17 protein O75943 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser646 ETWSLPLsQNSASEL 9606 BTO:0000567 11687627 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that atr but not atm phosphorylates the human rad17 (hrad17) checkpoint protein on ser(635) and ser(645) in vitro.The rfc-related checkpoint protein rad17, a phosphorylation substrate of atr, is critical for atr-mediated checkpoint signaling and cell survival." SIGNOR-111248 PHB2 protein Q99623 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000165 BTO:0000887 15173318 t lperfetto "Phb2 interacts with both myod and mef2, and represses both myod- and mef2-dependent gene transcription. Furthermore, binding of phb2 to both myod and mef2 significantly decreases upon myogenic differentiation." SIGNOR-235843 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18840615 f miannu "we show that E2F1 represses GRP78/BIP at the transcriptional level, and this requires its DNA binding domain." SIGNOR-253845 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation 9606 17157788 t miannu "Atm/atr are generally sensors of dna damage, but, together with the checkpoint kinases chk1 and chk2, they also function as response effectors by phosphorylation of key substrates, such as p53, brca1, and nbs1. In particular, p53 phosphorylation leads to protein accumulation and activation, which in turn promotes cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis." SIGNOR-151138 carbachol chemical CHEBI:3385 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258621 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RGCC protein Q9H4X1-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser45 ERMKRRSsASVSDSS 9606 BTO:0000567 19162005 t miannu "Akt phosphorylated GST-RGC-32 in vitro, and CDC2 was also able to phosphorylate RGC-32.  Akt failed to phosphorylate RGC-32 S45A-S47A mutant. These data indicate that Ser 45 and Ser 47 may be the RGC-32 phosphorylation sites for Akt kinase." SIGNOR-262629 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR KIF22 protein Q14807 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr463 QGAPLLStPKRERMV 9606 12727876 t lperfetto "Cdc2-mediated phosphorylation of kid controls its distribution to spindle and chromosomes. We identify ser427 and thr463 as m phase-specific phosphorylation sites and cdc2-cyclin b as a thr463 kinase. Kid with a thr463 to alanine mutation fails to be localized on chromosomes and is only detected along spindles, although it retains the ability to bind dna or chromosomes" SIGNOR-216793 KIF4A protein O95239 UNIPROT PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15297875 t miannu "These results suggest that KIF4 and its binding partner PRC1 play essential roles in the organization of central spindles and midzone formation. KIF4 deficiency leads to mislocalization of PRC1, MKLP1, CENP-E and chromosomal passenger proteins" SIGNOR-265988 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2996 QECKRNLsDIDQSFN 9606 21149446 t gcesareni "In human cells, the activation process involves autophosphorylation on three sites (ser367, ser1893, and ser1981) and acetylation on lys3016. We now describe the identification of a new atm phosphorylation site, thr(p)1885 and an additional autophosphorylation site, ser(p)2996, that is highly dna damage-inducible." SIGNOR-170473 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2E3 protein Q969T4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271330 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 16146838 f lperfetto "The results of 2 microarray experiments demonstrated that the aberrant activation of STAT proteins by Flt3-ITDs resulted in the up-regulation of several STAT5-responsive genes, such as Pim-1, Pim-2, and members of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) protein family. These results are particularly interesting because recent data point to an important role of Pim kinases in the antiapoptosis of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-249623 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser78 PAYSRALsRQLSSGV 9606 20626350 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." gcesareni "Notably mk2 is well known to play an important role in actin filament remodellng by phosphorylating hsp27." SIGNOR-166633 tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29175 ChEBI Glu-tRNA(Glu) smallmolecule CHEBI:29157 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270385 AKAP8L protein Q9ULX6 UNIPROT mRNA-nucleus_export phenotype SIGNOR-PH127 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11402034 f miannu "These results support the proposal that both RHA and HAP95 facilitated the nuclear export of unspliced, CTE-containing mRNA in human cells. we have extended this earlier study by mapping the functional domains of HAP95 and providing strong evidence for a direct role of HAP95 in RHA-mediated nuclear export of CTE-containing mRNA." SIGNOR-260949 EXOSC5 protein Q9NQT4 UNIPROT Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-261385 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 20717897 t lperfetto "The activated ikk complex then phosphorylates ikbalfa (an inhibitor of nf-kb) thereby targeting it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-167524 FXN protein Q16595 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial Fe-S Cluster Assembly Complex" complex SIGNOR-C276 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 27519411 t lperfetto "As the architecture of the human machinery remains undefined, we co-expressed in Escherichia coli the following four proteins involved in the initial step of Fe-S cluster synthesis: FXN42-210 (iron donor); [NFS1]·[ISD11] (sulfur donor); and ISCU (scaffold upon which new clusters are assembled). We purified a stable, active complex consisting of all four proteins with 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry." SIGNOR-262125 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1944 GSTYSPTsPGYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269352 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 19759537 t gcesareni "Both tankyrase isoforms interact with a highly conserved domain of axin and stimulate its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-188033 AMOT protein Q4VCS5 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 23431053 t "AMOT proteins, a family of proteins including AMOT, AMOTL1, and AMOTL2, interact extensively with multiple TJ components and are important for maintaining TJ integrity and epithelial cell polarity." gcesareni "Yap/taz and angiomotin (amot) family proteins were shown to interact, resulting in yap/taz localization to tight junctions and inhibition through phosphorylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms." SIGNOR-201132 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1101 GCRRRHSsETFSSTP 10090 15364919 t Manara "Protein kinase C Theta inhibits insulin signaling by phosphorylating IRS1 at Ser(1101)." SIGNOR-260906 MAPK8IP2 protein Q13387 UNIPROT MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10490659 t "These data demonstrated that JIP2 increases JNK activation by the MLK signaling pathway" gcesareni "These experiments demonstrated that 10 different jnk isoforms bound to both jip proteins." SIGNOR-70866 NLRP1 protein Q9C000 UNIPROT "NLRP1 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C224 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256407 SIRT5 protein Q9NXA8 UNIPROT SIRT3 protein Q9NTG7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31608237 f Monia "In U2OS cells, SIRT5 silencing resulted in downregulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 protein levels (Figures 4Ai,ii, compare bars 1 to 5)." SIGNOR-261209 APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 12869555 t miannu "ApoA-I stabilization of ABCA1 is mediated by reduced PEST sequence phosphorylation, which in turn leads to decreased calpain proteolysis of ABCA1." SIGNOR-252101 DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT PPP1R15A protein O75807 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31226023 t miannu "ATF4 also induces another bZIP protein C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), which is responsible for triggering apoptosis in cells under prolonged ER stress. ATF4 and CHOP further induce growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible protein 34 (GADD34),a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) that dephosphorylates eIF2α. This negative feedback mechanism enables protein synthesis to resume after resolution of ER stress." SIGNOR-260173 FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT KCND2 protein Q9NZV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000232 11102480 t Luisa "Filamin may function as a scaffold protein in the postsynaptic density, mediating a direct link between Kv4.2 and the actin cytoskeleton, and that this interaction is essential for the generation of appropriate Kv4.2 current densities." SIGNOR-269003 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT UBA1 protein P22314 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser835 ELKATLPsPDKLPGF 9606 BTO:0000567 7724583 t lperfetto "Ubiquitin-activating enzyme, e1, is phosphorylated in mammalian cells by the protein kinase cdc2. Thus, the serine at position 835 is a phosphorylation site. Taking these findings into consideration, we consider that cyclin b might be one of the substrates targeted by the specific ubiquitin conjugation pathway activated by the phosphorylation of e1 with cdc2 kinase." SIGNOR-32225 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20300203 t gcesareni "The kinase(s) responsible for the phosphorylation of the ikb inhibitors remained elusive for many years, until the biochemical purification of a cytoplasmic high-molecular weight complex migrating around 700900 kda and containing two related catalytic subunits, ikkalfa and ikkbeta." SIGNOR-164509 TP53RK protein Q96S44 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 17712528 t gcesareni "The intrinsic transcriptional activity of p53 was up-regulated by a transient transfection of prpk to cos-7 cells. Prpk was shown to bind to p53 and to phosphorylate p53 at ser-15." SIGNOR-157471 PHLPP2 protein Q6ZVD8 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser474 RTHFPQFsYSASIRE 9606 BTO:0001544 19261608 t "The Abl kinase inhibitors and depletion of Bcr-Abl induced the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, which dephosphorylated Ser-473 on Akt1, -2, and -3, resulting in inhibited proliferation of CML cells.|Thus, Bcr-Abl represses the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 and continuously activates Akt1, -2, and -3 via phosphorylation on Ser-473, resulting in the proliferation of CML cells." SIGNOR-248729 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR ANXA3 protein P12429 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000608 26095609 f miannu "ANXA3 Induces a Feed-Forward Loop that Is Mediated by the MKK4/JNK Signaling Cascade. To substantiate the importance of the JNK/AP-1 pathway in ANXA3-driven HCC, we performed rescue experiments using the JNK-specific inhibitor (JNKi) SP600125. JNKi suppressed the oncogenic properties conferred by ANXA3 overexpression, as evidenced by the diminished abilities of HCC cells to form colonies, migrate, invade, induce angiogenesis, form hepatospheres, and resist apoptosis and chemotherapy (Figures 6F–6J). Interestingly, treatment of parental HCC cells or HCC cells overexpressing ANXA3 with JNKi resulted in not only a reduction in JNK activity and modulation of downstream target genes (c-MYC and p21) but also a marked decrease in ANXA3 expression, suggesting that ANXA3 induces a feed-forward loop that is mediated by MKK4/JNK signaling (Figures 6K–6L)." SIGNOR-262216 DMD protein P11532 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255998 RASA1 protein P20936 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 10394594 t lperfetto "The Ras protein sits at the center of a many-tiered cascade of molecular interactions. Most of the proteins along this cascade are activated by phosphorylation, but Ras uses a bound guanine nucleotide to toggle between its “on” and “off” states. Ras hydrolyzes GTP to GDP fairly quickly, turning itself “off,” and a collection of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) speed up the processthe complex between human h-ras bound to guanosine diphosphate and the guanosine triphosphatase (gtpase)-activating domain of the human gtpase-activating protein p120gap (gap-334) in the presence of aluminum fluoride was solved." SIGNOR-68990 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser637 VPVARKLsAREQRDC 9606 18838687 t "When mitochondrial depolarization is associated with sustained cytosolic Ca(2+) rise, it activates the cytosolic phosphatase calcineurin that normally interacts with Drp1. Calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of Drp1, and in particular of its conserved serine 637, regulates its translocation to mitochondria as substantiated by site directed mutagenesis." SIGNOR-248506 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001939 26199140 t 1 miannu "Our data suggest that the c-Myc-dependent transcriptional switch is modulated by DOT1L, as in the presence of DOT1L c-Myc preferentially forms an active complex with p300 rather than a repressive complex containing HDAC1 and DNMT1" SIGNOR-239362 "A4/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C162 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257704 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM2 protein Q9C040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271019 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr926 LDIPTGTtPQRKSYL 9606 19001501 t done miannu "Nek6 phosphorylated Eg5 at several sites in vitro and one of these sites, Ser1033, is phosphorylated in vivo during mitosis. Whereas CDK1 phosphorylates nearly all Eg5 at Thr926 during mitosis, Nek6 phosphorylates approximately 3% of Eg5, primarily at the spindle poles. " SIGNOR-273887 HACD4 protein Q5VWC8 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18554506 t "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. However, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase catalyzing the third step in mammals has remained unidentified. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases," SIGNOR-267763 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RAB11A protein P62491 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser177 TEIYRIVsQKQMSDR -1 22188018 t miannu "This report shows for the first time that Rab11 is differentially phosphorylated by distinct PKC isoenzymes and that this post-translational modification might be a regulatory mechanism of intracellular trafficking.Our results demonstrate that classical PKC (PKCα and PKCβII but not PKCβI) directly phosphorylate Rab11 in vitro. In addition, novel PKCε and PKCη but not PKCδ isoenzymes also phosphorylate Rab11. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Ser 177 is the Rab11 residue to be phosphorylated in vitro by either PKCβII or PKCε." SIGNOR-263169 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT ACTA2 protein P62736 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 15269336 f gcesareni "The primary goal of the present study was to directly assess the role of the degeneracy of sm ?-Actin cargs in the regulation of smc-selective gene expression in vivo. in addition, our present studies address the possible role of this carg degeneracy, and the smc-selective srf coactivator myocardin, in regulating differential expression of carg-dependent smc genes and growth regulatory genes." SIGNOR-126923 protriptyline chemical CHEBI:8597 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258737 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser621 PKINRSAsEPSLHRA 9606 SIGNOR-C15 9091312 t gcesareni "Ampk also phosphorylated full-length, kinase-defective raf-1 (k375m) to generate two [32p]phosphopeptides, one co-migrating with synthetic tryptic peptide containing phospho-ser621 and the other with phospho-ser259. The catalytic subunit of PKA also phosphorylated Ser621 in vitro, while its overexpression in intact cells resulted in increased phosphorylation of Ser621 and decreased activity of Raf-1. These results suggest that phosphorylation of Ser621 inactivates Raf-1, but do not prove that PKA is responsible for this in vivo." SIGNOR-47148 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT GLO1 protein Q04760 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr107 ELTHNWGtEDDETQS -1 32966793 t miannu "This study is able to show that a phosphorylation of threonine-107 (T107) in the (rate-limiting) Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) protein, mediated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II delta (CamKIIδ), is associated with elevated catalytic efficiency of Glo1 (lower KM; higher Vmax)." SIGNOR-273553 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG -1 2449432 t lperfetto "We identified the major autophosphorylation sites in the insulin receptor and correlated their phosphorylation with the phosphotransferase activity of the receptor on synthetic peptides. We conclude that 1) autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor begins by phosphorylation of Tyr-1146 and either Tyr-1150 or Tyr-1151;" SIGNOR-106514 TP53INP1 protein Q96A56 UNIPROT MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22421968 t gcesareni "Tp53inp1-lc3 interaction occurs via a functional lc3-interacting region (lir)" SIGNOR-196673 TCL1B protein O95988 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t gcesareni "In vivo, tcl1 forms trimers, which associate with akt. Tcl1 facilitates the oligomerization and activation of akt. Our data show that tcl1 is a novel akt kinase coactivator, which promotes akt-induced cell survival and proliferation." SIGNOR-81716 ADNP protein Q9H2P0 UNIPROT MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000601 24365867 t miannu "Here, we show for the first time that hippocampal ADNP deficiency paralleled reduced beclin1 expression which, in turn, parallels increased tauopathy and cell death. We now show that ADNP directly interacts with LC3B, implicating the requirement of a healthy ADNP system for the apoptotic/autophagy processes." SIGNOR-266759 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser119 SFSSTSVsSLEAEAY 9606 20305697 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-164633 PRKACB protein P22694 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser284 AGGGRRIsDSHEDTG 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163772 BAG1 protein Q99933 UNIPROT HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 27474739 t lperfetto "Heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) regulates protein homeostasis through its reversible interactions with client proteins. Hsc70 has two major domains: a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), that hydrolyzes ATP, and a substrate-binding domain (SBD), where clients are bound. Members of the BAG family of co-chaperones, including Bag1 and Bag3, are known to accelerate release of both ADP and client from Hsc70." SIGNOR-254115 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1041 EHAFYEFtFRRFFDD 9606 23431053 t milica "MST1/2 directly phosphorylate Lats1/2 at the hydrophobic motif (Lats1 T1079 and Lats2 T1041), and this phosphorylation is required for Lats1/2 activation" SIGNOR-201302 CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 26297806 t lperfetto "Primary microcephaly (MCPH) associated proteins CDK5RAP2, CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 colocalize at the centrosome. We found that they interact to promote centriole duplication and form a hierarchy in which each is required to localize another to the centrosome, with CDK5RAP2 at the apex, and CEP152, WDR62 and CEP63 at sequentially lower positions. MCPH proteins interact with distinct centriolar satellite proteins; CDK5RAP2 interacts with SPAG5 and CEP72, CEP152 with CEP131, WDR62 with MOONRAKER, and CEP63 with CEP90 and CCDC14. These satellite proteins localize their cognate MCPH interactors to centrosomes and also promote centriole duplication. Consistent with a role for satellites in microcephaly, homozygous mutations in one satellite gene, CEP90, may cause MCPH. The satellite proteins, with the exception of CCDC14, and MCPH proteins promote centriole duplication by recruiting CDK2 to the centrosome." SIGNOR-271723 CADPS2 protein Q86UW7 UNIPROT SNAP25 protein P60880 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C346 24363652 t miannu "CAPS interacted independently with either syntaxin-1 or SNAP-25 suggesting that CAPS might promote QaQbc-SNARE heterodimer formation. CAPS binding to syntaxin-1 was mediated by the membrane-proximal C-terminal SNARE motif (H3) and membrane linker domain sequences of syntaxin-1" SIGNOR-264339 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser342 SKLTHSLsTSDITAI 9606 16943424 t lperfetto "Recently we showed that atm- and hdm2-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of hdmx following dsb induction are mediated by phosphorylation of hdmx on s403, s367, and s342, with s403 being targeted directly by atm." SIGNOR-149292 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "P53 regulates basal expression of AIF and SCO2 and facilitates oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, and HK2 is negatively regulated by p53, whereas TIGAR expression is induced by p53. The net result of p53-mediated regulation of these glycolytic enzymes is the suppression of glycolysis. In addition, p53 directly binds and inhibits G6PD activity and downregulates the pentose phosphate pathway." SIGNOR-267465 ALG11 protein Q2TAA5 UNIPROT alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc(PP-Dol) smallmolecule CHEBI:133994 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28575298 t lperfetto "The biosynthesis of eukaryotic lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) that act as donor substrates in eukaryotic protein N-glycosylation starts on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum and includes the sequential addition of five mannose units to dolichol-pyrophosphate-GlcNAc2. These reactions are catalyzed by the Alg1, Alg2 and Alg11 gene products and yield Dol-PP-GlcNAc2Man5, an LLO intermediate that is subsequently flipped to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum." SIGNOR-260417 RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT CACNA1D protein Q01668 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005822 28642685 t miannu "Here, we report an interaction of the C2B domain of RIM2α and RIM3γ with the C-terminus of the pore-forming α-subunit of CaV1.3 channels (CaV1.3α1), which mediate stimulus-secretion coupling at the ribbon synapses of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). In conclusion, we propose that RIM2α and RIM3γ directly interact with the C-terminus of the pore-forming subunit of CaV1.3 Ca2+ channels and positively regulate their plasma membrane expression in HEK293 cells." SIGNOR-264358 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11470830 t miannu "In brain, dystroglycan and dystrophin are expressed on neurons and astrocytes, and some muscular dystrophies cause cognitive dysfunction. Our data indicate that dystroglycan is a physiological ligand for neurexins and that neurexins' tightly regulated interaction could mediate cell adhesion between brain cells. these results suggest that α- and β-neurexins represent ligands for dystroglycan via interactions of their LNS domains, analogous to interaction of the LNS-domain in laminin, agrin, and perlecan with dystroglycan." SIGNOR-265447 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT FCGR2C protein P31995 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr310 TDDDKNIyLTLPPND -1 8756631 t miannu "Fyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of FcgRIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addition to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262676 POT1 protein Q9NUX5 UNIPROT RPA3 protein P35244 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C306 18680434 t lperfetto "The current model for how telomeres repress ATR signaling proposes that POT1/TPP1 prevents the binding of RPA to the single-stranded telomeric DNA" SIGNOR-263326 MTMR4 protein Q9NYA4 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20061380 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that myotubularin-related protein 4 (mtmr4), a fyve domain-containing dual-specificity protein phosphatase (dsp), attenuates tgfbeta signaling by reducing the phosphorylation level of r-smads in early endosomes." SIGNOR-163031 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258006 IRF2BPL protein Q9H1B7 UNIPROT PENK protein P01210 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000938 17627301 t miannu "EAP1 encoded a nuclear protein expressed in neurons involved in the inhibitory and facilitatory control of reproduction. EAP1 transactivated genes required for reproductive function, such as GNRH1, and repressed inhibitory genes, such as preproenkephalin. It contained a RING finger domain of the C3HC4 subclass required for this dual transcriptional activity.These results suggest that EAP1 is a transcriptional regulator that, acting within the neuroendocrine brain, contributes to controlling female reproductive function." SIGNOR-267155 HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257138 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu66 EETCSYEeAREVFED -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263671 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16882717 t lpetrilli "In human cells, rnai-mediated depletion of scp1 and scp2 increases the extent and duration of smad1 phosphorylation in response to bmp, the transcriptional action of smad1, and the strength of endogenous bmp gene responses. The present identification of the scp family as smad c-terminal phosphatases sheds light on the events that attenuate smad signaling and reveals unexpected links to the essential phosphatases that control rna polymerase ii in eukaryotes." SIGNOR-148434 NR2F1 protein P10589 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10900149 t lperfetto "Arp-1/rxr, coup-tfi/rxr, and arp-1/coup-tfi heterodimers bound the fp330-3' site" SIGNOR-79440 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14522900 f miannu " In this study, we found that a subset of ING family members strongly repressed human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter activity but stimulated the p21(WAF1) promoter in parallel experiments in the same cell type, similar to the effects of p53. Both ING1 and p53 were able to suppress AFP transcription and cause p21 induction" SIGNOR-254482 ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0004136 17464329 f miannu "We next focused on the pro-apoptotic function of ANXA1 in AML1-ETO-expressing AML cells. In this regard, FK228 was found to increase the protein levels of both the full-length and 33 kDa N-terminal cleavage products of ANXA1, which led to the localization of ANXA1 on the plasma membrane. Conversely, the inhibition of ANXA1 function (by ANXA1 neutralizing antibody, which blocked ANXA1 localization on the plasma membrane) or expression (by siRNA) significantly reduced FK228-induced apoptosis, indicating that ANXA1 is involved in apoptosis induction in response to FK228." SIGNOR-261689 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 BTO:0004055 14993270 t lperfetto "We propose that activation of erk during adhesion creates a feedback system in which erk phosphorylates mek1 on t292, and this in turn blocks additional s298 phosphorylation in response to integrin signaling." SIGNOR-244916 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR PYGL protein P06737 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser15 QEKRRQIsIRGIVGV 9606 22225877 t "GP is the first protein whose function was discovered to be regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation, which is controlled by phosphorylase kinase (PhK) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Here we report that lysine acetylation negatively regulates GP activity by both inhibiting enzyme activity directly and promoting dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-267403 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT miR-338 mirna URS000075E706_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23132946 f irozzo "We then showed that ectopic expression of MLL fusion genes in both human and mouse normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells could significantly down-regulate endogenous expression of miR-495 and that the depletion of MLL fusions resulted in the up-regulation of miR-495. Thus, our data suggest that there is an MLL-fusion–mediated negative regulation of the production of miR-495 in hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-255886 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004828 19051271 f miannu "we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC-27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up-regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down-regulated after TWIST depletion" SIGNOR-255501 SBDS protein Q9Y3A5 UNIPROT EFL1 protein Q7Z2Z2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 21536732 t miannu "Sbds stimulates 60s-dependent gtp hydrolysis by efl1" SIGNOR-173533 CDK10 protein Q15131 UNIPROT ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser220 PKGGLLDsMCPASTP 9606 24218572 t Manara "Altogether, these results suggest that CDK10/cyclin M directly controls ETS2 degradation through the phosphorylation of these two serines." SIGNOR-260913 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT REL/RELA complex SIGNOR-C68 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000671 9056676 t miannu "Tnf-alpha induces the formation of a specific kappab binding complex, mainly composed of nf-kappab subunits rela and c-rel." SIGNOR-46948 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT NOVA2 protein Q9UNW9 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser194 EQVHKAVsAIVQKVQ 9606 BTO:0000007 32492405 t miannu "CaMKIV Phosphorylates Nova-2 and Regulates Its Nuclear Localization. CaMKIV Phosphorylates Nova-2 and Regulates Its Nuclear Localization. Conversely, Nova-2 with single or double mutations to alanine (2A and 1A2A) was predominantly nuclear, like the WT (Figures 5H and ​and5I).5I). In contrast, glutamate mutations at site 3 had no effect on Nova-2 localization (Figures 5H and ​and5I)5I) or on Nova-2 binding to RNA (Figure S5E). These results showed that active CaMKIV reduces Nova-2 nuclear localization by phosphorylating sites 1 and 2 (S25, T27)." SIGNOR-273519 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-quinolinone chemical CHEBI:91395 ChEBI FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258105 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser186 PVLRQSIsFSGLPSG -1 14688255 t miannu "We confirm phosphorylation of TTP by MK2 and identify specific phosphorylation sites at Ser52, Ser105, Ser58, Ser176, Ser178, and Ser316. If MK2 regulates translation in part by TTP phosphorylation, TTP should be a repressor of translation when dephosphorylated and an activator of (or neutral to) translation when phosphorylated." SIGNOR-250152 KCNC3 protein Q14003 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 11506885 t miannu "Kv3 currents are activated specifically during action potential repolarization. Analysis of the Kv3 subfamily of K+ channel subunits has lead to the discovery of a new class of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels characterized by positively shifted voltage dependencies and very fast deactivation rates. These properties are adaptations that allow these channels to produce currents that can specifically enable fast repolarization of action potentials without compromising spike initiation or height" SIGNOR-265587 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11178121 t lperfetto "Bmps are dimeric proteins with a single interchain disulfide bond. The dimeric conformation is an absolute requirement for the biological action and interaction with receptors" SIGNOR-236166 KATNAL2 protein Q8IYT4 UNIPROT Acrosome_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH156 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28347630 f miannu "The majority of elongated spermatids also displayed a detached acrosome (Fig 5B), indicating that KATNAL2, or KATNAL2-regulated structures, have a role in the deposition of ‘adhesive components’ into the acroplaxome. The acroplaxome is an electron dense structure that overlies the anterior pole of the sperm nucleus and is thought to play a pivotal role in acrosome formation and attachment. These data strongly suggest that KATNAL2 is required for multiple aspects of male haploid germ cell development, and depending on the cellular context, KATNAL2 may act in either a KATNB1-dependent (manchette function) and KATNB1-independent manner (acrosome and axoneme development)." SIGNOR-267179 DDB1 protein Q16531 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22649780 t gcesareni "The CUL4 family employs the structurally distinct triple WD40 ²-propeller domain-containing DDB1 adaptor to recruit members of the DDB1€“CUL4 associated factors (DCAF) family of substrate receptors" SIGNOR-234802 "C3 convertase complex (C3bBb)" complex SIGNOR-C314 SIGNOR "C5 convertase complex (C3bBbC3b)" complex SIGNOR-C315 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000089 26489954 t lperfetto "In addition to the surface‐bound C3 convertase, a fluid‐phase convertase can be formed by association of water‐reacted C3, termed C3(H20), to FB thus constantly maintaining a low level of complement activation in solution (tick‐over). Both of the surface‐bound C3 convertases can bind a C3b molecule whereby the C5 convertases are formed. These cleave C5 into C5a and C5b, thus initiating the terminal pathway and leading to formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)." SIGNOR-263479 ATP smallmolecule CHEBI:15422 ChEBI ADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:456216 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33961946 t miannu "Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key regulator of adenosine and catalyzes the metabolism of adenosine to 5√¢‚Ǩ¬≤-adenosine monophosphate. The enzyme exists in two isoforms: a long isoform (ADK-long, ADK-L) and a short isoform (ADK-short, ADK-S)." SIGNOR-268079 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK13 protein O15264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr182 ADAEMTGyVVTRWYR 9606 BTO:0000007 10066767 t done miannu "p38-δ is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7. we investigated whether this Thr180-Gly-Tyr182 motif was essential for p38-δ activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual phosphorylation TGY motif is required for p38-δ activation." SIGNOR-273953 TBR1 protein Q16650 UNIPROT FEZF2 protein Q8TBJ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0000938 21228164 t lperfetto "We found that TBR1 promotes the identity of corticothalamic neurons and represses subcerebral fates through reducing expression of Fezf2 and CTIP2.|(3) Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis using TBR1 antibodies showed that TBR1 bound to a conserved region in the Fezf2 gene." SIGNOR-268967 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15564063 f miannu "Increased expression of RUNX2 in OA cartilage may contribute to increased expression of MMP-13. FGF2, which is present in OA synovial fluid, activated RUNX2 via the MEK/ERK pathway and increased MMP-13 expression." SIGNOR-255079 NEUROG1 protein Q92886 UNIPROT NEUROD2 protein Q15784 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000596 10814830 t Luana "Based on these results, we concluded that the transactivation of the NDRF gene by ngn1 is mediated through the E4 box, suggesting that the E4 box and its binding bHLH protein(s) may play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of the NDRF gene." SIGNOR-266235 PDP2 protein Q9P2J9 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16510868 t lpetrilli "We show that the mammalian pdps are important in dephosphorylation of bmp-activated smad1 but not tgf-beta-activated smad2 or smad3. Thus, pdps specifically inactivate smads in the bmp/dpp pathway. [...] These observations suggest that pdp1 and pdp2 are important for dephosphorylation of smad1." SIGNOR-144909 NFRKB protein Q6P4R8 UNIPROT "INO80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C498 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25016522 t miannu "Here, we have systematically investigated the involvement of the catalytic subunit of the human INO80 complex during unchallenged replication and under replication stress by following the effects of its depletion on cell survival, S-phase checkpoint activation, the fate of individual replication forks, and the consequences of fork collapse. We report that INO80 was specifically needed for efficient replication elongation, while it was not required for initiation of replication." SIGNOR-270856 CHL1 protein O00533 UNIPROT ANK1 protein P16157 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266724 JDP2 protein Q8WYK2 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18671972 t miannu "JDP2 dimerizes with other AP-1 proteins such as activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) and Jun to repress transcription from promoters that contain a cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE)." SIGNOR-226395 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT SOCS2 protein O14508 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 12468433 f "We have also found SOCS2 and SOCS3 specifically induced in 32D/Flt3-ITD, both of which are STAT3/5 target genes and known negative regulators of receptor signaling" SIGNOR-261545 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9792677 t lperfetto "Rsk-b is a p38alphamapk substrate, and activated by p38alphamapk and, more weakly, by erk1" SIGNOR-60998 UBE2E3 protein Q969T4 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" sumoylation Lys21 EGPRDGLkKERLLDD 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 10582246 t lperfetto "In the presence of an E1 SUMO-1-activating enzyme, Ubch9 conjugated SUMO-1 to IkappaBalpha primarily on K21, which is also utilized for ubiquitin modification. Thus, SUMO-1-modified IkappaBalpha cannot be ubiquitinated and is resistant to proteasome-mediated degradation. " SIGNOR-270545 PTPN12 protein Q05209 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 BTO:0000567 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 8454633 t gcesareni "Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin. Dephosphorylated by ptpreand ptpn1 at tyr-999, tyr-1185, tyr-1189 and tyr-1190." SIGNOR-39147 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10896679 f lperfetto "Two candidates that may function as mediators of pi3-k in the phosphorylation of mef2 proteins are pkb and big map kinase 1." SIGNOR-244303 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 15895091 t miannu "A crystal structure of the ligand-binding domains of gp130 in complex with human interleukin-6 (il-6) and its a-receptor (il-6ralpha) revealed a hexameric architecture in which the gp130 membrane-distal regions were approximately 100 a apart, in contrast to the close apposition seen between short cytokine receptor complexes." SIGNOR-48041 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 NVKVETQsDEENGRA 9606 BTO:0001271 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway / these results suggest that ck2 kinase directly phosphorylates amino acids 13, 23, 63, 101 and 294 in vivo" SIGNOR-174832 GNAI2 protein P04899 UNIPROT Adenylate_cyclase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF92 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 8327893 t gcesareni "Concentration-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclases by purified Gi alpha subunits is described. Activated Gi alpha but not G(o) alpha was effective, and myristoylation of Gi alpha was required" SIGNOR-267849 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1A protein Q9H8S9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr12 FSSRSSKtFKPKKNI 9606 21808241 t "The regulation of MOB1 and LATS1/2 by MST1/2 may be organ and disease-specific." gcesareni "Mob1, which forms a complex with lats1/2, is also phosphorylated by mst1/2, resulting in an enhanced lats1/2 mob1 interaction." SIGNOR-175805 "N-[4-[(hydroxyamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]carbamic acid [6-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ester" chemical CHEBI:94187 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257909 PTPRF protein P10586 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 11121408 t gcesareni "Here we show that lar reduces the constitutive tyrosine autophosphorylation and kinase activity of ret-men2a but not ret-men2b, accompanying a significant decrease of phosphorylation of phospholipase cgamma, akt, and erk1/2." SIGNOR-85166 RFXAP protein O00287 UNIPROT "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 10825209 t miannu "RFXANK and RFXAP bind to each other and form a heterodimer (step 1) that subsequently interacts with RFX5 Upon binding, the conformation of RFX5 changes (step 2) in a way that enables the RFX complex to bind to DNA (step 3) and to recruit other proteins that are required for the transcription of MHC II genes" SIGNOR-221568 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM FGFR3 protein P22607 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258081 INTS2 protein Q9H0H0 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261466 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT NOVA2 protein Q9UNW9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Thr27 VCTKRSNtGEEGEYF 9606 BTO:0000007 32492405 t miannu "CaMKIV Phosphorylates Nova-2 and Regulates Its Nuclear Localization. CaMKIV Phosphorylates Nova-2 and Regulates Its Nuclear Localization. Conversely, Nova-2 with single or double mutations to alanine (2A and 1A2A) was predominantly nuclear, like the WT (Figures 5H and ​and5I).5I). In contrast, glutamate mutations at site 3 had no effect on Nova-2 localization (Figures 5H and ​and5I)5I) or on Nova-2 binding to RNA (Figure S5E). These results showed that active CaMKIV reduces Nova-2 nuclear localization by phosphorylating sites 1 and 2 (S25, T27)." SIGNOR-273520 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BUB1B protein O60566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr792 PRNSAELtVIKVSSQ 9606 17376779 t gcesareni "Bubr1 was phosphorylated by plk1 in vitro at two plk1 consensus sites in the kinase domain of bubr1" SIGNOR-153867 CBFbeta-MYH11 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP3 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 29958106 t miannu "The genes encoding CBFβ and RUNX1 are frequent targets of mutations in hematologic malignancies. The chromosome inversion inv(16)(p13;q22), found in 8% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, fuses the CBFB and MYH11 genes to produce the leukemic oncoprotein CBFβ-SMMHC. This fusion protein has higher affinity and altered stoichiometry for RUNX1 relative to the native CBFβ (Cao et al., 1997; Lukasik et al., 2002). During development, CBFβ-SMMHC expression blocks definitive hematopoiesis and embryos die at mid-gestation (Castilla et al., 1996), a similar phenotype to that of Runx1- and Cbfb-knock out embryos (Wang et al., 1996a; Wang et al., 1996b), indicating that CBFβ-SMMHC has a dominant negative effect on RUNX function." SIGNOR-255743 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT Cell_growth phenotype SIGNOR-PH33 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 11426647 f "Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling is accompanied by upregulation of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and Bcl-x, changes consistent with subversion of normal cellular growth and survival control mechanisms." SIGNOR-252090 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2G2 protein P60604 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271310 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 19076070 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Here we report that ews and ews-fli1 become phosphorylated at thr79 in the n-terminal domain in response to mitogens or dna damage. Mitogen-induced phosphorylation of ews and ews-fli1 was weak and catalysed by erk1 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1) and erk2." SIGNOR-270062 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HECTD4 protein Q9Y4D8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 32814769 t miannu "We identified several E3 ligases as strong candidates responsible for AR and MYC protein loss as HECTD4, MYCBP2, and TRIM49. HECTD4 and MYCBP2 target AR and MYC for degradation while TRIM49 appears to promote AR and MYC stability. We have shown that these E3 ligases in turn are directly regulated by MYC. MYC in turn represses the expression of ubiquitin ligases, HECTD4 and MYCBP2 that promote AR and MYC protein degradation, further suppressing MYC and AR in a feed forward loop." SIGNOR-267144 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256875 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr71 IVADQTPtPTRFLKN 9606 12110590 t gcesareni "Here, we show that in fibroblasts, insulin, epidermal growth factor (egf) and serum activate atf2 via a so far unknown two-step mechanism involving two distinct ras effector pathways: the raf-mek-erk pathway induces phosphorylation of atf2 thr71, whereas subsequent atf2 thr69 phosphorylation requires the ral-ralgds-src-p38 pathway." SIGNOR-90533 ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT CACNA1B protein Q00975 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 24394417 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that ankyrin-B associates with Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 in cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. Additionally, using in vitro and in vivo techniques, we demonstrate that ankyrin-B, via its membrane-binding domain, associates with a highly conserved motif in the DII/III loop domain of Cav2.1 and Cav2.2. Collectively, our findings identify an interaction between ankyrin-B and both Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 at the amino acid level that is necessary for proper Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 targeting in vivo." SIGNOR-266707 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT AMBRA1 protein Q9C0C7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20921139 t gcesareni "When autophagy is induced, ulk1 phosphorylates ambra1, releasing the autophagy core complex from dynein. Its subsequent relocalization to the endoplasmic reticulum enables autophagosome nucleation. Ambra1-dlc1 dissociates from the dynein complex upon ulk1-dependent ambra1 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-168292 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 phosphorylation:Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 16456541 t gcesareni "B56-containing pp2a dephosphorylate erk and their activity is controlled by the early gene iex-1 and erk" SIGNOR-143052 JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr904 SLRLVMEyLPSGCLR 9606 18250158 t lperfetto "Y904 and y939 are required for optimal jak3 autophosphorylation and kinase activity in vitro" SIGNOR-160664 MECOM protein Q03112 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 17575132 t irozzo "The results that we present here support this model and show that EVI1 interacts with and inhibits RUNX1. As for GATA1, EVI1 seems to repress RUNX1 function by interacting specifically with its DNA-binding domain Runt, leading to destabilization and dissolution of the DNA-RUNX1 complex." SIGNOR-255716 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270599 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT EPS15 protein P42566 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 16862145 t gcesareni "Treatment of cells with EGF stimulates parkin binding to both Eps15 and the EGFR and promotes parkin-mediated ubiquitination of Eps15." SIGNOR-243282 KLHL8 protein Q9P2G9 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 19158078 t miannu "We found that rapsyn was polyubiquitinated by KLHL8-containing E3 ligase, but not by KEAP1-containing E3 ligase, clearly indicating that rapsyn is a direct substrate of KLHL8-containing E3 ligase in mammals. We next examined the effect of KLHL-8 depletion on the ubiquitination of rapsyn by performing RNAi experiments in mammalian cells. We found that knockdown of KLHL8 in 3T3 cells reduced the level of rapsyn ubiquitination (Fig. 5C), again indicating that the maintenance mechanism for rapsyn stability is conserved in mammals.The in vitro ubiquitination of mammalian rapsyn by CUL3-containing E3 ligase and the effect of KLHL8 knockdown on the ubiquitination of rapsyn." SIGNOR-271783 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr185 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 1712480 t lperfetto "Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, undergo autophosphorylation on both tyrosine and threonine residues: implications for their mechanism of activation.|" SIGNOR-249414 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RGS16 protein O15492 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr177 RFLKSPAyRDLAAQA 9606 12588871 t lperfetto "Src-mediated rgs16 tyrosine phosphorylation promotes rgs16 stability. hosphorylation on tyr(168) was mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)." SIGNOR-98275 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 8288123 f lperfetto "The myogenic regulators myod, myogenin, myf5, and mrf4 share -80% amino acid identity within a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif that mediates dimerization and dna binding. [...] myogenic bHLH proteins form heterodimers with ubiquitous bHLH proteins, known as e proteins, and activate the transcription of muscle-specific genes by binding to the e-box consensus sequence (canntg) in muscle gene promoters and enhancers." SIGNOR-37458 COX14 protein Q96I36 UNIPROT "MITRAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C538 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23260140 t "By analyzing MITRAC12 interaction partners, we show that recently identified assembly factors, such as c12orf62, CMC1, and the novel assembly factor MITRAC15, are constituents of MITRAC complexes" SIGNOR-272482 ROS stimulus SIGNOR-ST2 SIGNOR MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11266364 f lperfetto "TNF- but not Fas-induced apoptosis requires ROS-dependent activation of ASK1_JNK/p38 pathways. Thus, ASK1 is selectively required for TNF- and oxidative stress-induced sustained activations of JNK/p38 and apoptosis." SIGNOR-226609 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16281084 f "After AR antagonist flutamide treatment, three hundred and twenty-six genes (3.93%) expressed differentially, 97 down-regulated and 219 up-regulated. Among them, eight up-regulated genes might be cell cycle-related, namely CDC10, NRAS, BTG1, Wee1, CLK3, DKFZP564A122, CDKN1A and BTG2. The CDKN1A and BTG1 gene mRNA expression was confirmed to be higher in the experimental group by RT-PCR, while p53 mRNA expression had no significant changes." SIGNOR-253678 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253433 PML protein P29590 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15356634 t lperfetto "Cytoplasmic pml physically interacts with smad2/3 and sara (smad anchor for receptor activation) and is required for association of smad2/3 with sara and for the accumulation of sara and tgf-beta receptor in the early endosome." SIGNOR-232090 RORA protein P35398 UNIPROT NLGN1 protein Q8N2Q7 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 28608249 t lperfetto "Some genes which are directly regulated by RORA such as NLGN1 and NTRK2 have been shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to ASD (Correia et al. 2010; Ylisaukko-oja et al. 2005)." SIGNOR-265136 ELOB protein Q15370 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 19300455 t miannu "Here, we provide the first evidence that a novel ASB2 isoform, ASB2beta, is important for muscle differentiation. ASB2beta is expressed in muscle cells during embryogenesis and in adult tissues. ASB2beta is part of an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targets the actin-binding protein filamin B (FLNb) for proteasomal degradation.  Altogether, our results indicated that ASB2β can assemble with elongin B, elongin C, Cullin 5 and Rbx2 to reconstitute an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.ASB2β induces polyubiquitylation of FLNb." SIGNOR-271796 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 19300455 t miannu "Here, we provide the first evidence that a novel ASB2 isoform, ASB2beta, is important for muscle differentiation. ASB2beta is expressed in muscle cells during embryogenesis and in adult tissues. ASB2beta is part of an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targets the actin-binding protein filamin B (FLNb) for proteasomal degradation.  Altogether, our results indicated that ASB2β can assemble with elongin B, elongin C, Cullin 5 and Rbx2 to reconstitute an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.ASB2β induces polyubiquitylation of FLNb." SIGNOR-271799 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SPTBN1 protein Q01082 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12543979 t gcesareni "This suggests that, upon stimulation with tgf-beta1, phosphorylation of elf could induce a conformational change that reduces its affinity for ankyrin and tropomyosin and facilitates an association with smad3 and smad4 instead." SIGNOR-97626 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 10230394 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-67379 2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]-N-[8-[[2-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-4-yl]oxyacetyl]amino]octyl]acetamide chemical CID:121427831 PUBCHEM BRD3 protein Q15059 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 29764999 t Monia "DBET6 induces efficient degradation of BET proteins and inhibits the proliferation of GBM cells" SIGNOR-261096 BKM120 chemical CHEBI:71954 ChEBI PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-252656 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr209 TGMFPRNyVTPVNRN 9606 BTO:0000017 11726515 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of grb2 by bcr/abl or egf receptor reduced its sh3-dependent binding to sos in vivo, but not its sh2-dependent binding to bcr/abl. Tyr209 within the c-terminal sh3 domain of grb2 was identified as one of the tyrosine phosphorylation sites" SIGNOR-235738 COX4I1 protein P13073 UNIPROT Oxidative_phosphorylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH78 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 23021218 f lperfetto "PGC1a is known to drive the expression of many genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including cytochrome c (CytC) and the cyto- chrome C oxidative (COX) subunits (CoxIII, Cox4il, Cox5b, Cox7a, and Cox8b)." SIGNOR-253101 GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24898252 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. Glycyl- tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. . In this study we report crystal structures of wild type and mutant hGlyRS in complex with tRNA and with small substrates and describe the molecular details of enzymatic recognition of the key tRNA identity elements in the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop." SIGNOR-270480 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM8 protein Q9BZR9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271091 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ETV5 protein P41161 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser367 PPYQRRGsLQLWQFL 9606 BTO:0002909 11682477 t lperfetto "We further show that the increase in erm transcriptional activity after pka phosphorylation is closely correlated with a drastic reduction in the dna binding of the transcription factor. These results indicate that the phosphorylation of erm by pka is involved in erm-mediated transcription and suggest that the activation of erm is probably related to conformational changes." SIGNOR-111239 (S)-(-)-sulpiride chemical CHEBI:64119 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258733 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19279717 f areggio "To date it is not clear whether any genes are transcribed downstream of these two GTPases for non-canonical signaling. The prevailing dogma remains that their primary roles are indeed solely for cytoskeletal modulation" SIGNOR-258975 ALDOB protein P05062 UNIPROT "glycerone phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57642 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266484 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser139 DNETGTEsMVSHRRE 9606 16965538 t lperfetto "Phenotypic analysis of mutant mDvl-1 indicates that phosphorylation of these sites stimulates the Dvl-activated beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling pathway in both cell culture and in Xenopus development." SIGNOR-217845 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11331591 t lperfetto "Tgf-beta inhibited the expression of the cbfa1 and osteocalcin genes, whose expression is controlled by cbfa1 in osteoblast-like cell lines. This inhibition was mediated by smad3, which interacts physically with cbfa1 and represses its transcriptional activity at the cbfa1-binding ose2 promoter sequence." SIGNOR-235902 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT LGALS3 protein P17931 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr107 AYPATGPyGAPAGPL 9606 20600357 t llicata "In this report we have identified novel tyrosine phosphorylation sites in galectin-3 as well as the kinase responsible for its phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that tyrosines at positions 79, 107 and 118 can be phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by c-abl kinase. our results demonstrate that cells expressing galectin-3 y107f variant showed reduced migration in wound healing assay ( fig. 5). This result confirms the role of galectin-3 tyrosine phosphorylation in cell motility." SIGNOR-166493 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser660 FSAERRNsILTETLH 9606 1377674 t lperfetto "Direct amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping of cf-2 revealed that serines 660, 700, 737, and 813 as well as serine 768, serine 795, or both were phosphorylated by pka and pkgcftr possesses a large cluster of strict dibasic consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase a (pka) in the r-domain and an obligatory dependence on phosphorylation is a hallmark of cftr cl(-) channel function" SIGNOR-18237 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC7 protein P20671 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265399 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PARP1 protein P09874 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser372 VAATPPPsTASAPAA 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 16627622 t lperfetto "Parp1 phosphorylation by erk1/2 is required for maximal parp-1 activation after dna damage. S372a and t373a mutations impaired parp-1 activation." SIGNOR-244669 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT ELAVL1 protein Q15717 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser318 GDKILQVsFKTNKSH 9606 20086103 t lperfetto "Tandem phosphorylation of serines 221 and 318 by protein kinase cdelta coordinates mrna binding and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of hurstabilization of mrna by the ubiquitous rna binding protein human antigen r (hur), a member of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (elav) protein family, requires canonical binding to au-rich element (are)-bearing target mrna and export of nuclear hur-mrna complexes to the cytoplasm. In human mesangial cells (hmc) both processes are induced by angiotensin ii (angii) via protein kinase cdelta (pkcdelta)-triggered serine phosphorylation of hur." SIGNOR-163528 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT MBD1 protein Q9UIS9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 f Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261586 SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT PLAU protein P00749 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19055748 f lperfetto "We demonstrated by both cDNA microarrays and real-time quantitative RT-PCR that the functional blockade of SNAI1 induces a significant decrease of PAI-1 and uPA transcripts." SIGNOR-252263 SLC9A5 protein Q14940 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 31507243 t miannu "Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. " SIGNOR-265604 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 14701738 t miannu "Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels by Gem requires GTP and calmodulin binding, but not phosphorylation of serine 261 or 289. Calmodulin binding in the C-terminal extension of Gem is required for maximal inhibition of HVA Ca2+ channels by ectopically expressed Gem, as determined by measurement of electrical activity in primary neurons and by Ca2+-evoked secretion in PC12 cells." SIGNOR-266326 EXT1 protein Q16394 UNIPROT EXT1/EXT2 complex SIGNOR-C51 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11518722 t miannu "Biochemical analysis shows that ext1 and ext2 are type ii transmembrane glycoproteins and form a golgi-localized hetero-oligomeric complex that catalyzes the polymerization of hs" SIGNOR-109938 USP13 protein Q92995 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 SIGNOR-C242 21962518 t Giulio "Similarly, the overexpression of USP13 reduced the levels of ubiquitinated Beclin1 which was inhibited by spautin-1 (Figure 4E)" SIGNOR-260295 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TEX14 protein Q8IWB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr618 EEASSPStGQPSLCS 9606 BTO:0000007 22405274 t miannu "Cdk1 phosphorylation of Tex14 is required for the Tex14-Plk1 interaction" SIGNOR-273523 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser231 LSTSSSSsPPGTPSP 9606 phosphorylation:Ser237 SSPPGTPsPADAKAP 22369944 t fspada "However, the acquisition of dna binding and transactivation capacity of c/ebpbeta is delayed until further phosphorylation (on ser(184) or thr(179)) by gsk3beta occurs." SIGNOR-196377 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20508200 f lperfetto "Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus where it induces the expression of its target genes, including markers (Arg1, Chi3l3, Mrc1, Mgl1, and Retnla) and regulators (Pparalpha, Ppargamma and PGC-1?) of alternative activation." SIGNOR-249534 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ID3 protein Q02535 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sPVRGCYE 9606 9372912 t lperfetto "We now show that an analogous cell-cycle-regulated phosphorylation of id3 alters the specificity of id3 for abrogating both e-box-dependent bhlh homo- or heterodimer complex formation in vitro and e-box-dependent reporter gene function in vivo._" SIGNOR-53306 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr217 LEPEALHtPTLMTTP 9606 27816489 t Manara "PKCθ-induced phosphorylations, in part at T217 and T227 residues, strongly and specifically increased Fra-1 transcriptional activity through the stimulation of Fra-1 transactivation domain, without affecting JUN factors." SIGNOR-260878 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000661 8626404 t lperfetto "Here we show that in unstimulated Jurkat cells Cbl is co-immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibody against Grb2." SIGNOR-236051 KDM6B protein O15054 UNIPROT IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 22025054 t lperfetto "JMJD3 seems to function by controlling expression of the transcription factor IRF4, which in turn is required for M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Although this pathway is strongly supported by genetic." SIGNOR-249540 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 AHSIHQRsRKRLSQD 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89193 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr53 KEPSEVPtPKRPRGR 9606 17960875 t gcesareni "Here, we found that hipk2 phosphorylates hmga1a at ser-35, thr-52, and thr-77, and hmga1b at thr-41 and thr-66. In addition, we demonstrated that cdc2, which is known to phosphorylate hmga1 proteins, could induce the phosphorylation of hmga1 proteins at the same ser/thr sites. we found that the hipk2-phosphorylated hmga1a reduced the binding affinity of hmga1a to human germ line promoter, and the drop in binding affinity induced by hipk2 phosphorylation was lower than that introduced by cdc2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-158608 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 16571352 f lperfetto "Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts responded to Shh stimulation with the induction of Hh target genes Gli1, Ptc1, and Hip1.These observations support the previously advanced notion of a functional redundancy or cooperativity between Gli2 and Gli1 in activation of target genes [18] and [43] and indicate a functional cooperation between Gli3 and Gli1." SIGNOR-209629 EFNA3 protein P52797 UNIPROT EPHA7 protein Q15375 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "The activation of eph receptors by their ligands, which are membrane-anchored molecules, involves a cell-cell recognition event that often causes cell repulsion" SIGNOR-52384 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1724 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120024 PKCtheta/Nfix complex SIGNOR-C121 SIGNOR MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000165 20178747 t llicata "In the case of the MCK promoter, Nfix forms a complex with PKC theta that binds, phosphorylates, and activates MEF2A." SIGNOR-238022 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 10195903 t "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-248383 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT CyclinD3/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C234 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 8114739 t lperfetto "Here, we show that the human PLSTIRE gene product is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk6. The cdk6 kinase is associated with cyclins D1, D2, and D3 in lysates of human cells and is activated by coexpression with D-type cyclins in Sf9 insect cells." SIGNOR-273028 EIF2B2 protein P49770 UNIPROT EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269130 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr666 GWMEDYDyVHLQGKE 11604500 t lperfetto "FAK phosphorylates CAS-SBD tyrosines 668 and/or 670, driving an SH2-mediated recruitment of Src which then phosphorylates CAS-SD." SIGNOR-249112 PML protein P29590 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15356634 t lperfetto "Cytoplasmic pml physically interacts with smad2/3 and sara (smad anchor for receptor activation) and is required for association of smad2/3 with sara and for the accumulation of sara and tgf-beta receptor in the early endosome." SIGNOR-128738 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT TXN2 protein Q99757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255093 RAC3 protein P60763 UNIPROT CIB1 protein Q99828 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 11756406 t Gianni "We here report that CIB, a protein that binds to the alpha(IIb)beta(3) fibrinogen receptor, interacts exclusively with activated (V12) Rac3 but not Rac1 or Rac2. Binding of V12Rac3 to CIB was mediated by the C-terminal end of Rac3 and by Rac3 membrane localization" SIGNOR-269060 FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15507492 t "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-267212 miR-495 mirna URS000075C517_9606 RNAcentral Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 26344767 t Luana "To further determine whether MeCP2 regulates the expression of miR-199a, we also re-expressed MeCP2 in MeCP2-KO neurons. As expected, this restored the level of mature-miR-199a expression to that in WT neurons" SIGNOR-264545 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 14701738 t miannu "Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels by Gem requires GTP and calmodulin binding, but not phosphorylation of serine 261 or 289. Calmodulin binding in the C-terminal extension of Gem is required for maximal inhibition of HVA Ca2+ channels by ectopically expressed Gem, as determined by measurement of electrical activity in primary neurons and by Ca2+-evoked secretion in PC12 cells." SIGNOR-266342 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr306 PSNHHAVyDVPPSVS 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Five tyrosine phosphorylation sites were identified in p130cas on tyr-128, tyr-249, tyr-306, tyr-327, and tyr-410. These tyrosine residues are all located in the substrate domain of p130cas that mediates binding to the sh2 domain of the adaptor molecule crk. Fgf-1-transduced fibroblasts demonstrated a > 10-fold increase in migration, an observation correlated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p125fak and p130cas." SIGNOR-98496 SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19254573 t fspada "Sox9 directly binds to the promoter regions of c/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta to suppress their promoter activity, preventing adipocyte differentiation" SIGNOR-184283 HMOX2 protein P30519 UNIPROT heme smallmolecule CHEBI:30413 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10490932 t Regulation miannu "Heme oxygenase (HO), by catabolizing heme to bile pigments, down-regulates cellular hemoprotein, hemoglobin, and heme" SIGNOR-251912 GPCR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF33 SIGNOR GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t miannu "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-255006 ADORA2B protein P29275 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257039 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser276 SMQLRRPsDRELSEP 9606 19911008 t llicata "In this study we show that phosphorylation of rela/p65 at ser276 prevents its degradation by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. importantly, we identify pim-1 as a further kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of rela/p65 at ser276." SIGNOR-189125 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT NECTIN2 protein Q92692 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr505 EGEEEEEyLDKINPI -1 10962558 t miannu "An inhibitor specific for Src family kinase or expression of Csk reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of nectin-2delta. In addition, Src kinase tyrosine phosphorylates the recombinant cytoplasmic region of nectin-2delta in vitro. The major tyrosine phosphorylation site of nectin-2delta was Tyr505 in the cytoplasmic region" SIGNOR-263200 SEMA3C protein Q99985 UNIPROT PLXNA2 protein O75051 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 19666519 t lperfetto "Genes encoding the neurovascular guiding molecule semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) and its receptor plexin A2 (PLXNA2) appear to be regulated directly by GATA6, and both GATA6 mutant proteins failed to transactivate these genes." SIGNOR-253151 SLC12A1 protein Q13621 UNIPROT chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "Eukaryotic cells regulate their volume in the long term through the coordinated function of the Na+-coupled chloride (NKCC1/2 and NCC) and K+-coupled chloride (KCC1–4) cotransporters, which encompass two branches of the SLC12|The K+-Cl− cotransporters move chloride outside the cell, are inhibited by phosphorylation, and are activated by dephosphorylation. In contrast, the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporters introduce chloride into the cell, are inhibited by dephosphorylation, and are activated by phosphorylation gene family of solute transporters (12). " SIGNOR-264635 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr368 STKMHGDyTLTLRKG 9534 BTO:0000298 8385099 t "The alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is phosphorylated at tyrosines 368, 580, and 607 by the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-251320 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser134 ANLNRSTsVPENPKS 9606 BTO:0000731 24291004 t lperfetto "Akt1 impairs glucocorticoid-induced gene expression by direct phosphorylation of nr3c1 at position s134 and blocking glucocorticoid-induced nr3c1 translocation to the nucleus" SIGNOR-252543 HDLBP protein Q00341 UNIPROT Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 33941620 f miannu "Vigilin (Vgl1) is essential for heterochromatin formation, chromosome segregation, and mRNA stability and is associated with autism spectrum disorders and cancer: vigilin, for example, can suppress proto-oncogene c-fms expression in breast cancer." SIGNOR-266694 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TRIOBP protein Q9H2D6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2229 QAEEREHtLRRCQQE 9606 22820163 t lperfetto "Here we show that tara is a novel polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) target protein. Plk1 interacts with and phosphorylates tara in vivo and in vitro. Actually, the thr-457 in tara was a bona fide in vivo phosphorylation site for plk1. Interestingly, we found that the centrosomal localization of tara depended on the thr-457 phosphorylation and the kinase activity of plk1" SIGNOR-198353 CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT TRRAP protein Q9Y4A5 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16510874 t gcesareni "The beta-cat c-terminal activation domain associates with trrap/tip60 and mixed-lineage-leukemia (mll1/mll2) set1-type chromatin-modifying complexes in vitro, and we show that beta-cat promotes h3k4 trimethylation at the c-myc gene in vivo." SIGNOR-144966 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 15994958 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-138483 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR DPPA4 protein Q7L190 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269235 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT FXYD1 protein O00168 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 EEGTFRSsIRRLSTR -1 15621037 t miannu "PKA-dependent, alpha 1-specific NKA activation may be mediated through phosphorylation of the accessory protein PLM, rather than direct alpha1 subunit phosphorylation. we propose that phosphorylation of the small accessory protein phospholemman (PLM) by PKA at serine 68 is responsible for the observed isoform-specific activation of NKA." SIGNOR-263117 magnesium(2+) chemical CHEBI:18420 ChEBI Exosome_Complex complex SIGNOR-C255 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24189234 t miannu "The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3' degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. The eukaryotic exosome, however, is composed of nine different subunits that are still somewhat related in sequence to the archaeal Rrp41-like subunits (Rrp41, Rrp46 and Mtr3), the archaeal Rrp42-like subunits (Rrp45, Rrp43 and Rrp42) and the cap proteins (Rrp4, Csl4 and Rrp40)." SIGNOR-267755 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 9606 14579029 t gcesareni "Map kinases and mtor mediate insulin-induced phosphorylation ofinsulinreceptor substrate-1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632" SIGNOR-118881 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR VPS41 protein P49754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271153 APOBEC3B protein Q9UH17 UNIPROT "Clearance_of_foreign intracellular_DNA" phenotype SIGNOR-PH132 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 29367246 f lperfetto "The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, or A3) family of interferon-inducible cytidine deaminases functions as antiviral restriction factors (reviewed in reference 15). Humans express seven A3 family members: A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H (16, 17). A3A is notable in that it specifically targets and restricts foreign DNA elements. A3A binds to single-stranded DNA with a high affinity (18), mediates the catabolism of foreign DNA (19), and restricts infection of several DNA viruses, including HPV (20,–24)." SIGNOR-261331 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT AGO2 protein Q9UKV8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 SKLMRSAsFNTDPYV 9606 23603119 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of argonaute 2 at serine-387 facilitates its localization to processing bodies. , akt3-mediated phosphorylation of ago2 is a molecular switch between target mrna cleavage and translational repression activities of ago2" SIGNOR-201918 LPAR3 protein Q9UBY5 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256747 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1229 SSEDLSAyASISFQK 10029 BTO:0000246 7651388 t lperfetto "Therefore, during insulin stimulation irs-1 undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation, and a portion of tyrosine phosphorylated irs-1 associated with the insulin receptor. The insulin receptor substrate-1 (irs-1) is rapidly phosphorylated on several tyrosine residues by the activated insulin receptor. Insulin signals are mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs-1) and shc by the activated insulin receptor (ir)." SIGNOR-236752 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TEX14 protein Q8IWB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser437 QKAATVKsDIYSFSM 9606 BTO:0001363 22405274 t miannu "We show that phosphorylation of Tex14 by Plk1 during metaphase is required for proteosome dependent degradation of Tex14 and transition from metaphase to anaphase. Phosphorylation of Tex14 Ser431 by Plk1 promotes Tex14 depletion." SIGNOR-273529 entinostat chemical CHEBI:132082 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257904 IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT IFNGR2/INFGR1 complex SIGNOR-C142 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 19041276 t lperfetto "The activation of this signaling pathway involves the binding of IFN-g to two IFN-g receptor (IFN-gR) subunits, made up of respective IFNgR1:IFNgR2 pairs, which dimerize upon IFN-g binding to form the IFN-gR complex. Two JAKs, JAK1and JAK2,which bind to each IFN-gR subunits, respectively through their N-terminal domains, both become activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in a JAK2-dependent process." SIGNOR-249485 6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one chemical CHEBI:91348 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258294 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser197 APRRRAAsMDSSSKL 9606 16272144 t lperfetto "Foxo4 transcription factor, also referred to afx, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase b (pkb), thr32, ser197, and ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated foxo4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression" SIGNOR-141416 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT Enolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF74 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 10823814 t "inferred from family member" "C-Myc directly transactivates genes encoding GLUT1, phosphofructokinase, and enolase and increases glucose uptake in Rat1 fibroblasts. Nuclear run-on studies confirmed that the GLUT1 transcriptional rate is elevated by c-Myc. Our findings suggest that overexpression of the c-Myc oncoprotein deregulates glycolysis through the activation of several components of the glucose metabolic pathway." SIGNOR-270247 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SYTL1 protein Q8IYJ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser241 RMLSSSSsVSSLNSS 9606 BTO:0001321 15998322 t miannu "By mutagenesis analysis and subsequent immunoprecipitation (IP), we established that Akt phosphorylates JFC1 at serine 241. Phosphorylation did not alter the ability of JFC1 to bind to Rab27a. Instead, phosphorylation by Akt dramatically decreased when JFC1 was bound to Rab27a. Finally, we show that as a consequence of in vivo phosphorylation, JFC1 dissociates from the membrane, promoting JFC1 redistribution to the cytosol." SIGNOR-273540 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT HOXC11 protein O43248 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24561908 t miannu "Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters." SIGNOR-260026 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT DOK3 protein Q7L591 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "An adaptor protein Dok-3 mediates the suppressive function of LYN. The Dok-3 phosphorylated by LYN upon BCR stimulation forms a complex with GRB2, which allows it to enter into the signalosome and associate with activation of SHIP protein. This translocation facilitates the efficient inhibition of PLCc2 and SYK from activation, subsequently resulting in the suppression of downstream Ca2+ signaling." SIGNOR-268447 CASP12 protein Q6UXS9 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 BTO:0000222 12097332 t gcesareni "Caspase-12 specifically cleaves and activates procaspase-9 in cytosolic extracts. Results suggest that caspase-12 can activate caspase-9 without involvement of cytochromec." SIGNOR-90318 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t miannu "Pim kinases phosphorylate multiple sites on Bad and promote 14-3-3 binding and dissociation from Bcl-XL. pim kinases are constitutively active when expressed in HEK-293 cells and are able to phosphorylate the Bcl-2 family member Bad on three residues, Ser112, Ser136 and Ser155 in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-250395 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19759537 t lperfetto "Together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TNKS promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of axin, which may be mediated, at least in part, through the direct PARsylation of axin." SIGNOR-263381 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT STAT2 protein P52630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr690 NLQERRKyLKHRLIV 9020188 t "STAT2 plays a pivotal role in IFN-a signaling. It is recruited to the activated receptor first and, after phosphorylation by JAK kinases on tyrosine 690, provides a docking site for the SH2 domain of STAT1." SIGNOR-251344 ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257559 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser320 QRSRKRLsQDAYRRN 9606 BTO:0000130 17217339 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the cytosolic factor p47phox is essential for activation of the nadph oxidase.These results strongly support the observation that irak-4 is a kinase for p47phox in vivo. We also detected the signature of phosphorylation at ser320 and ser345" SIGNOR-152015 SF1 protein Q15637 UNIPROT LHB protein P01229 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004467 19106114 f miannu "The human LHB promoter also contains low and high affinity SF1 binding sites. Mutation of these elements or depletion of endogenous SF1 impaired basal and ligand-induced transcription." SIGNOR-254915 RAB6A protein P20340 UNIPROT VPS13B protein Q7Z7G8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25492866 t miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. COH1 Golgi Localization Is Mediated by Active RAB6 . COH1 Interacts with All Three Mammalian RAB6 Homologues" SIGNOR-269203 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT CELF1 protein Q92879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser302 TSSGSSPsSSSSNSV 10090 16931514 t miannu "These studies showed that both the increased levels of CUGBP1 and cdk4-mediated hyper-phosphorylation of CUGBP1 are involved in the age-associated induction of the CUGBP1-eIF2 complex. The CUGBP1-eIF2 complex is bound to C/EBPbeta mRNA in the liver of old animals, and this binding correlates with the increased amounts of liver-enriched activator protein and liver-enriched inhibitory protein." SIGNOR-262735 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 19951945 t gcesareni "Accordingly, smad3-associated pp2a activity was found under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia attenuated the nuclear accumulation of tgf-beta-induced smad3 but did not affect smad2. Moreover, the influence of tgf-beta on a set of smad3-activated genes was attenuated by hypoxia, and this was reversed by chemical pp2a inhibition. Our data demonstrate the existence of a smad3-specific phosphatase and identify a novel role for pp2a." SIGNOR-161919 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT MCC protein P23508 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 SELRSELsQSQHEVN 9606 BTO:0001109 21779472 t miannu "MCC is phosphorylated at the ATM/ATR consensus sites Ser118 and Ser120.  Finally, mutation of S118/120 to alanine did not affect MCC nuclear shuttling following UV but did impair MCC G2/M checkpoint activity." SIGNOR-273530 DPF2 protein Q92785 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20460684 t miannu "REQ is required for the oncogenic activity induced by RelB/p52. . Through in vitro binding experiments, REQ was found to bind to several SWI/SNF complex subunits and also to the p52 NF-κB subunit through its nuclear localization signal containing the N-terminal region. In this study, we present evidence that REQ is a specific adaptor protein that links RelB/p52 with Brm-type SWI/SNF complexes and thereby plays pivotal roles at the most downstream stages of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. We further show that REQ is required for oncogenesis in several human tumor cell lines in which the noncanonical NF-κB pathway is aberrantly regulated.REQ and Brm specifically promote RelB/p52-dependent transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-261964 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr564 SKHKEDVyENLHTKN 9606 BTO:0000007 10574931 t "Lyn phosphorylates SHPTP1 at the C-terminal Tyr-564 site. Lyn-mediated phosphorylation of SHPTP1 stimulates SHPTP1 tyrosine phosphatase activity." SIGNOR-251409 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser174 DKENGSVsSSETPPP 9606 11861906 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis of maximally in vitro phosphorylated eIF5 localized the major phosphorylation sites at Ser-387 and Ser-388 near the C-terminus of eIF5. These serine residues are embedded within a cluster of acidic amino acid residues and account for nearly 90% of the total in vitro eIF5 phosphorylation. A minor phosphorylation site at Ser-174 was also observed. | The results suggest that phosphorylation of eIF5 may have a role in stimulating the rate of eIF5-promoted GTP hydrolysis." SIGNOR-250861 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KCNQ2 protein O43526 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser551 CVMRFLVsKRKFKES 10029 BTO:0000246 12754513 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of KCNQ2 channels was increased by muscarinic stimulation; this was prevented either by coexpression with AKAP(DeltaA) or pretreatment with PKC inhibitors that compete with diacylglycerol. These inhibitors also reduced muscarinic inhibition of M-current. | These results suggest that Ser534 and 541 are key sites for PKC phosphorylation, although we have not ruled out the possibility that other PKC sites are involved in this process." SIGNOR-249209 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Asp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29186 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269483 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr454 RAPIIAVtRNPQTAR 9606 24142698 t miannu "Here, we identified the protein-serine/threonine kinase PIM2, a known oncogene, as a novel binding partner of PKM2. The interaction between PIM2 and PKM2 was confirmed by multiple biochemical approaches in vitro and in cultured cells. Importantly, we found that PIM2 could directly phosphorylate PKM2 on the Thr-454 residue, resulting in an increase of PKM2 protein levels. Compared with wild type, PKM2 with the phosphorylation-defective mutation displayed a reduced effect on glycolysis" SIGNOR-267472 "8-oxo-7-[(6-sulfo-2-naphthalenyl)hydrazinylidene]-5-quinolinesulfonic acid" chemical CHEBI:95064 ChEBI PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 16717135 t "These results identified NSC-87877 as the first PTP inhibitor capable of inhibiting Shp2 PTP in cell cultures without a detectable off-target effect." SIGNOR-261912 STK39 protein Q9UEW8 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000988 21317537 t lperfetto "WNK kinases acted as scaffolds to recruit SPAK, which phosphorylated CFTR and NBCe1-B, reducing their cell surface expression. IRBIT opposed the effects of WNKs and SPAK by recruiting PP1 to the complex to dephosphorylate CFTR and NBCe1-B, restoring their cell surface expression," SIGNOR-264643 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser396 RPWTRGGsLERSQSR 9534 BTO:0000298 9353340 t lperfetto " Phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of the Ser394 and Ser400 as well as GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the Ser404, Ser408, and Ser410, resulted in the desensitization of alpha1BAR-mediated inositol phosphate response. " SIGNOR-248985 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 21282467 t lperfetto "Moreover, the inhibitory effect of TFII-I on transcription is mediated by its ability to recruit corepressor complexes, including histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) (25, 133), histone H3K4-specific demethylase LSD1 (48), and components of the polycomb repressor complex" SIGNOR-268540 crizotinib chemical CHEBI:64310 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258102 NBEAL2 protein Q6ZNJ1 UNIPROT VAC14 protein Q08AM6 UNIPROT unknown binding 10090 BTO:0000132 29187380 t lperfetto "In summary, from 129 binding partners of Nbeal2 identified by mass spectrometry, we have confirmed the interaction of 3, Dock7, Sec16a, and Vac14, by different biochemical and cellular approaches|Given the significant reduction of Dock7 levels and its altered localization in Nbeal2−/− platelets, we postulated that this canonical signaling pathway may be disrupted and set out to test this using control and Nbeal2−/− platelets." SIGNOR-261892 THRAP3 protein Q9Y2W1 UNIPROT SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 20932480 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that in resting tcells psf is directly phosphorylated by gsk3, thus promoting interaction of psf with trap150, which prevents psf from binding cd45 pre-mrna. Upon tcell activation, reduced gsk3 activity leads to reduced psf phosphorylation, releasing psf from trap150 and allowing it to bind cd45 splicing regulatory elements and repress exon inclusion." SIGNOR-168441 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Msk (mitogen- and stress-activated kinase) 1 and 2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as creb, atf1, the nf- b isoform p65 and stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 1 and 3" SIGNOR-166664 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1016 DVVDADEyLIPQQGF 9606 8845374 t lperfetto "The c-terminal autophosphorylation domain of egfr was extensively phosphorylated by c-src./These studies revealed that y1086 was phosphorylated to a significantly higher extent by c-src than by egfr. Additionally, y1101 was identified as a unique c-src phosphorylation site" SIGNOR-44239 CSAG2 protein Q9Y5P2 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32761762 t miannu "Here, we show that the previously undescribed CSAG2 protein is a direct activator of SIRT1.  Biochemical studies revealed that CSAG2 directly binds to and stimulates SIRT1 activity toward multiple substrates. Importantly, CSAG2 enhances SIRT1‐mediated deacetylation of p53, inhibits p53 transcriptional activity, and improves cell survival in response to genotoxic stress." SIGNOR-261670 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT STK17B protein O94768 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser351 PEDSSMVsKRFRFDD 10090 BTO:0000944 18084041 t miannu "These results suggest that phosphorylation of Ser350 plays an essential role in regulating translocation of DRAK2 to the nucleus from the cytoplasm, possibly by affecting the activity of the NLS. Ectopic expression of PKC-gamma induced cytoplasmic localization of DRAK2 and PKC-gamma phosphorylated Ser350 flanking the NLS." SIGNOR-263178 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BAIAP2L1 protein Q9UHR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr37 LINLGKNyEKAVNAM -1 21840312 t miannu "Here, we report that overexpression of IRTKS increases the speed of wound closure of HT1080 cells in a Src-dependent manner. Active Src phosphorylates IRTKS in vivo and in vitro. Deletion mapping and mutation analysis revealed that six tyrosine residues (Y37, Y156, Y163, Y274, Y293 and Y439) were Src-stimulated phosphorylation sites on IRTKS. Disruption of Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation abolished the effect of IRTKS on wound closure. Collectively, these data suggest Src-stimulated IRTKS phosphorylation is essential for its function in cell motility." SIGNOR-263041 "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20854876 f irozzo "Inhibition of EAP components pTEFb and Dot1l show that both contribute significantly to activation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 expression. EAP is dynamically associated with the Hoxa9 and Meis1 loci in hematopoietic cells and rapidly dissociates during induction of differentiation. In the presence of MLL fusion proteins, its dissociation is prevented." SIGNOR-255879 MAP4K2 protein Q12851 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9712898 t gcesareni "The mekk1 associated with the gck carboxyl terminus is catalytically active." SIGNOR-59682 FAM20C protein Q8IXL6 UNIPROT FGF23 protein Q9GZV9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser180 IPRRHTRsAEDDSER 9606 24706917 t Manara "Here we show that Fam20C directly phosphorylates FGF23 on Ser(180) | Our above results support, phosphorylation of FGF23 at Ser180 inhibits O-glycosylation and would therefore promote hormone proteolysis and thus inactivation. " SIGNOR-260925 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT FCGR2B protein P31994 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271541 Angiotensin-2 protein P01019-PRO_0000032458 UNIPROT AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32201502 t MIANNU "Ang II initiates most of the RAS-attributed physiologic effects through selective interactions with G-proteincoupled Ang II type 1 (AT1) or type 2 (AT2) receptors and subsequent activation of distinct intra cellular signaling pathways" SIGNOR-260238 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine smallmolecule CHEBI:34795 ChEBI CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8754811 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3 preadipocytes into adipocytes is accompanied by a transient induction of c/ebpbeta and c/ebpdelta expression in response to treatment of the cells with methylisobutylxanthine (mix) and dexamethasone (dex), respectively" SIGNOR-210068 GRB14 protein Q14449 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 24535599 t lperfetto "Growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 (Grb14) interacts with insulin receptor (IR) through the between PH and SH2 (BPS) domain. Grb14-IR complex formation is initiated by insulin stimulation, and the binding event results in the inhibition of insulin signalling." SIGNOR-264873 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TCF7L2 protein Q9NQB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 ESETNQNsSSDSEAE -1 11711551 t llicata "We show here that Tcf-4 can be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase CK2 stoichiometrically in amino acids Ser-58-Ser-59-Ser-60. Phosphorylation of these residues does not modify the interaction of Tcf-4 with beta-catenin but reduces its association to plakoglobin. | Experiments performed using a Tcf-4 mutant with decreased interaction to plakoglobin demonstrated that binding to this protein negatively affected the transcriptional activity of Tcf-4." SIGNOR-250962 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination Lys22 GPRDGLKkERLLDDR 9606 9990853 t gcesareni "We report here the identification of an ikappab-ubiquitin (ub) ligase complex containing the f-box/wd40-repeat protein, beta-trcp, a vertebrate homolog of drosophila slimb. beta-trcp binds to ikappabalpha only when the latter is specifically phosphorylated by an ikappab kinase complex. here we provide evidence that lysine residues 21 and 22 serve as the primary sites for signal-induced ubiquitination of i kappa b alpha." SIGNOR-64321 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser374 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL 9606 12972619 t lperfetto "In a previous study we have observed that exposure of nih 3t3 cells to pdgf or serum leads to c-fos phosphorylation by erk on specific residues, thr232, thr325, thr331, and ser374, within the cooh-terminal c-fos tad we have recently shown that erk phosphorylates multiple residues within the carboxylterminal transactivation domain (tad) of c-fos, thus resulting in its increased transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252358 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16123311 t gcesareni "We report upregulation of lrig1 transcript and protein upon egf stimulation, and physical association of the encoded protein with the four egfr orthologs of mammals. Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation." SIGNOR-139951 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT FCAR protein P24071 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser284 LTFARTPsVCK 10090 BTO:0001516 30766540 t lperfetto "GSK-3 is constitutively active in the absence of cytokine stimulation and can phosphorylate S263, keeping FcalphaRI in the inactive state." SIGNOR-264856 RAB1A protein P62820 UNIPROT C9orf72 protein Q96LT7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27334615 t lperfetto "Thus, our data identify C9orf72 as a novel Rab1a effector in the regulation of autophagy and indicate that C9orf72 haploinsufficiency and associated reductions in autophagy might be the underlying cause of C9ALS/FTD-associated p62 pathology." SIGNOR-261282 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser41 RTDALTSsPGRDLPP 9606 16899510 t Luana "Taken together, these results indicate that Cdc7/Dbf4 phosphorylation of MCM2 is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells. | Because MCM2 was phosphorylated in vivo at Ser27, Ser41, and Ser139, which were phosphorylated by Cdc7/Dbf4 in vitro, the results suggested that Ser27, Ser41, and Ser139 are in vivo Cdc7/Dbf4 phosphorylation sites in MCM2." SIGNOR-259849 ANGPT4 protein Q9Y264 UNIPROT TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0004980 BTO:0000763 15284220 t gcesareni "In experiments with human endothelial cell lines, ang3 was identified as an antagonist of tie2 and ang4 was identified as an agonist of tie2." SIGNOR-127351 SUZ12/EZH2 complex SIGNOR-C77 SIGNOR YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0002314 20887952 t lperfetto "TNF-activated p38a kinase promotes the interaction between YY1 and PRC2, via threonine 372 phosphorylation of EZH2, the enzy- matic subunit of the complex, leading to the for- mation of repressive chromatin on Pax7 promoter." SIGNOR-235574 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT PPP1R1A protein Q13522 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser67 LKSTLAMsPRQRKKM 10116 11278334 t "In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B. | However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation." SIGNOR-248602 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20630875 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (mt) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. Here we show that in response to hyperosmotic stress, jnk phosphorylates a key cytoplasmic microtubule regulatory protein, stathmin (stmn), on conserved ser-25 and ser-38 residues. In in vitro biochemical studies, we identified stmn ser-38 as the critical residue required for efficient phosphorylation by jnk and identified a novel kinase interaction domain in stmn required for recognition by jnk. We revealed that jnk was required for microtubule stabilization in response to hyperosmotic stress." SIGNOR-269982 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C110 16293724 t gcesareni "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein) coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin." SIGNOR-141789 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19164127 f miannu "We found that upon TLR7 and TLR8 activation, JNK and NF-kappaB positively regulated the expression of CCR7, CD86, CD83, and CD40 and the production of IL-6 and IL-12p40." SIGNOR-254785 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 9204951 f miannu "The de novo synthesis of 6-BH4 depends on the induction of GTP-CH-1, e.g., by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)." SIGNOR-252210 PDHX protein O00330 UNIPROT INS protein P01308 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001731 12783165 f miannu "In glucagonoma cells transduced with a Pdx1-encoding lentiviral vector, insulin gene expression was induced while glucagon mRNA levels were reduced by 50 to 60%." SIGNOR-254902 USP28 protein Q96RU2 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT up-regulates deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000150 17558397 t esanto "Usp28, an ubiquitin-specific protease, binds to myc through an interaction with fbw7alpha, an f-box protein that is part of an scf-type ubiquitin ligase. Therefore, it stabilizes myc." SIGNOR-155590 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR EB1/MLL protein Q5UEC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 27641145 t miannu "Indeed, KLHL21 localizes to FA structures preferentially at the leading edge, and in complex with Cul3, ubiquitylates EB1 within its microtubule-interacting CH-domain. Cells lacking CRL3(KLHL21) activity or expressing a non-ubiquitylatable EB1 mutant protein are unable to migrate and exhibit strong defects in FA dynamics, lamellipodia formation and cortical plasticity. Our study thus reveals an important mechanism to regulate cortical dynamics during cell migration that involves ubiquitylation of EB1 at focal adhesions." SIGNOR-272409 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser947 CRLNRSDsDSSTLSK 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t llicata "Moreover, we found that rsk1/2 specifically phosphorylates kibra at two highly conserved sites (thr(929) and ser(947)) in vitro and in cells. erk_rsk phosphorylation of kibra is required for proper cell proliferation and rsk-mediated phosphorylation also positively modulates kibra's migratory activity." SIGNOR-252809 GDF11 protein O95390 UNIPROT ACTR2 protein P61160 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16446785 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate using genetic and biochemical studies that actriib and its subfamily receptor, actriia, cooperatively mediate the gdf11 signal in patterning the axial vertebrae, and that gdf11 binds to both actriia and actriib, and induces phosphorylation of smad2." SIGNOR-144147 OTUB1 protein Q96FW1 UNIPROT UBE2N protein P61088 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21763684 t gcesareni "The deubiquitinating enzyme otub1 suppresses rnf168 dependent ubiquitination by direct the e2 ligase ubc13" SIGNOR-175050 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr651 ALGGKAAyRTSPRLK -1 10210201 t llicata "Gelsolin phosphorylation by c-Src in the presence of lysophosphatidic acid also revealed Tyr438 as the most prominent site. Additional minor sites were found using the anti-phosphotyrosine bead immunoprecipitation method followed by MALDI-MS and PSD analysis. These sites, representing approximately 5% of the total phosphate incorporation, were identified as Tyr59, Tyr382, Tyr576, and Tyr624." SIGNOR-250783 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser133 SPSPMETsGCAPAEE 9606 BTO:0000567 11242082 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin b1 is central to its nuclear translocationduring cell-cycle progression in hela cells, a change in the kinase activity of endogenous plk1 toward s147 and/or s133 correlates with a kinase activity in the cell extractsa mutant cyclin b1 in which s133 and s147 are replaced by alanines remains in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type cyclin b1 accumulates in the nucleus during prophase.Together, these results suggest that phosphorylation of s133 and s147 is necessary for the nuclear translocation of cyclin b1 during prophase, and that phosphorylation of s126 and s128 may stimulate the nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-105715 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT IFITM5 protein A6NNB3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23530031 f miannu "Regulation of the bone-restricted IFITM-like (Bril) gene transcription by Sp and Gli family members and CpG methylation. Bril transcription is activated by Sp1, Sp3, OSX, and GLI2 and by CpG demethylation." SIGNOR-254218 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249627 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DOA protein P06340 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253994 PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(6-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:203600 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23994464 t apalma "The first phase of this signal is likely mediated by phospholipase C≈í‚⧠(PLC≈í‚â§) enzymes leading to the generation of IP3 and concomitant release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores" SIGNOR-255018 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT HBEGF protein Q99075 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "ADAM17 is involved in the release and activation of several growth factors and cytokine receptor ligands. Among the growth factors activated by ADAM17 are TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epiregulin and HB-EGF" SIGNOR-259844 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser164 GLAKSFGsPNRAYTH 9606 11113184 t amattioni "Cdk2 phosphorylates serine-164 in the cdk7 t loop." SIGNOR-84832 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252825 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9534 11295495 t lperfetto "The scf-betatrcp complex is responsible for the ubiquitination of p100 and p105 following their phosphorylation by ikk." SIGNOR-235305 CD40 protein P25942 UNIPROT BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 12324477 f gcesareni "Cd40 ligation up-regulated bcl-2 and bcl-xl as much as 9.7- (p < 0.01) and 6.8-fold (p < 0.01), respectively (fig. 2, b and c). Under similar conditions, cd27 ligation also up-regulated bcl-2 and bcl-xl as much as 5.0- (p < 0.01) and 3.9-fold (p < 0.01), respectively." SIGNOR-93387 LATS1 protein O95835 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser89 AQHVRSHsSPASLQL 9606 21808241 t "Together,the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex promotes proliferative and survival programs." gcesareni "Activated lats1/2 in turn phosphorylate and inhibit yap/taz transcription co-activators." SIGNOR-175783 ATG13 protein O75143 UNIPROT ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19225151 t gcesareni "He mammalian atg13 binds both ulk1 and ulk2 and mediates the interaction of the ulk proteins with fip200. The binding of atg13 stabilizes and activates ulk and facilitates the phosphorylation of fip200 by ulk" SIGNOR-184123 PHF1 protein O43189 UNIPROT HOXA9 protein P31269 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20565746 t miannu "These data support the proposed regulatory impact of particular PRC2-proteins in expression of HOXA9 and HOXA10 in NK/T-cells. In mammalian cells knockdown of PRC2 components EZH2 or PHF1 led to upregulated HOXA gene expression." SIGNOR-260069 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser639 YMPMSPKsVSAPQQI 10090 BTO:0002572 18498745 t lperfetto "In this report, we identified insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), a critical mediator of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling, as a proteolytic target of the CUL7 E3 ligase in a manner that depends on mammalian target of rapamycin and the p70 S6 kinase activities.Elimination of phosphorylation at S307/S312/S527/S636/S639 renders V5-IRS-1 partially resistant to degradation by Fbw8" SIGNOR-236599 TNFRSF1A protein P19438 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 10090 BTO:0002572;BTO:0000801 21232017 f lperfetto "Tnfr1-induced phosforylation and degradarionn of ikb are almost completely abolished in tradd-deficient mefs,these hallmarks of classical nf-kn signaling are only attenuated in tradd-deficient macrophage." SIGNOR-235789 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 18794113 t gcesareni "Ser-155 is the major phosphoacceptor site for pka on bad, but that pka also phosphorylates ser-112 and ser-136. Phosphorylated bad appears to be the inactive moiety. These results implicate pkac as the candidate kinase for s112 phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-180902 ELOVL7 protein A1L3X0 UNIPROT 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267895 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 11865061 t gcesareni "Nhibition of atr kinase activity substantially reduces hypoxia-induced phosphorylation of p53 protein on serine 15 as well as p53 protein accumulation." SIGNOR-115134 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20457810 f fspada "Soluble pref-1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (erk/mapk) and the subsequent upregulation of sox9 expression." SIGNOR-209965 GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0002036 25012566 f lperfetto "We subsequently analyzed whether Gαo modulates the cellular activities of Necdin. Notably, expression of Gαo significantly augmented Necdin-mediated cellular responses, such as proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), a Gi/oα-coupled receptor, augmented cell growth suppression, which was mediated by Gαo and Necdin in U87MG cells containing CB1R, Gαo, and Necdin as normal components." SIGNOR-253388 NKD1 protein Q969G9 UNIPROT DVL3 protein Q92997 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 15064403 t gcesareni "Naked (nkd)1 and nkd2 are mammalian homologs of drosophila naked cuticle, which negatively regulates canonical wnt signaling by binding dishevelled. various reports using cell culture assays indicate that nkd-mediated wnt antagonism involves dvl degradation" SIGNOR-123695 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr706 TTEGGSLtPVRDSPC 9606 20169205 t llicata "Cdc2 is the raptor ser696, thr706 kinase" SIGNOR-163853 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IGFBP3 protein P17936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser140 APGNASEsEEDRSAG 9606 BTO:0000093 10650937 t llicata "The importance of Ser111 and Ser113 as targets for CK2 has also been shown in our laboratory, as mutation of either residue to alanine caused a major decrease in IGFBP-3 phosphorylation by this enzyme in vitro | These results indicate that IGFBP-3 interaction with acid-labile subunit and with the cell surface, both of which involve basic carboxyl-terminal residues, may be modulated by phosphorylation. Relative resistance to proteolysis and poor binding to cells suggest that CK2-phospho-IGFBP-3 may be a significant inhibitor of IGF activity in the extracellular environment." SIGNOR-250904 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "In particular, p38 mapk activity stimulates the physical association between ppa2 and mkk1/2- erk1/2 complex, leading to mkk1/2 dephosphorilation by pp2a." SIGNOR-166652 PPP2R5C protein Q13362 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16456541 t gcesareni "B56-containing pp2a dephosphorylate erk and their activity is controlled by the early gene iex-1 and erk" SIGNOR-144328 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 21325626 t Barakat "Here we demonstrate that changes in mitochondrial dynamics as cells exit mitosis are driven in part through ubiquitylation of Drp1 catalyzed by the APC/Ccdh1 (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and its coactivator (Cdh1) E3 ubiquiting ligase complex" SIGNOR-274127 MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17289999 t gcesareni "Which of the multiple pro-survival proteins that can bind Bax (fig. S15A) can functionally restrain it? Mcl-1 must, because neutralizing Mcl-1 by enforced Noxa expression rendered MEFs containing only Bax (Bak KO cells) sensitive to the Bad BH3 mimetic ABT-737 (Fig. 4A), which inactivates Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w" SIGNOR-151787 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT EIF4ENIF1 protein Q9NRA8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser752 PSADRDSsPTTNSKL 9606 22966201 t llicata "Identification of 4e-t phosphorylation sites regulated by jnk. identification of these residues as phosphorylation sites (ser301, ser374, ser513, ser587, ser693, and ser752) was obtained by ms/ms sequencing, these results demonstrate that jnk activity is required to stimulate the assembly of pbs in response to oxidative stress." SIGNOR-199004 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine smallmolecule CHEBI:34795 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-209998 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF24 protein Q9Y225 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271236 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 GAPPRRSsIRNAHSI 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89154 RPGRIP1 protein Q96KN7 UNIPROT RPGR protein Q92834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20631154 t miannu "The RPGR H98Q and F130C mutants exhibit compromised interaction with RPGRIP1, suggesting that RPGR–RPGRIP1 interaction may be an important determinant of RPGR activity. As RPGRIP1 appears to link RPGR to the cilium, it is possible that RPGR's effect on RAB8A function may occur in distinct subcellular compartments of photoreceptors and that RPGRIP1 and other interacting proteins may modulate targeting of RPGR to such compartments." SIGNOR-253031 AP2M1 protein Q96CW1 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 19351721 t gcesareni "The removal of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) from the cell surface by endocytosis is triggered by receptor activation, but many facets of egfr trafficking remain unresolvedthe ap-2 complex is involved in the internalization of activated egfr." SIGNOR-185124 CRH protein P06850 UNIPROT CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11416224 t gcesareni "Crf and ucn bind and activate crf-r1 with similarly high affinities." SIGNOR-108713 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000782 26284074 t Barakat "PKC-θ-mediated phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues of c-Cbl prevents its inhibitory effect. Phosphorylation of c-Cbl by PKC-θ inhibits the recruitment of Sh2-containing proteins and subsequent association of cbl E3 ubiquitin ligase with its target proteins" SIGNOR-274144 RASGRF2 protein O14827 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260573 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21880741 t gcesareni "Calcineurin directly dephosphorylates nfat resulting in the nuclear import of nfat." SIGNOR-252311 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser212 RVRVRLLsGDTYEAV 9606 17311912 t lperfetto "Akt attenuation of the serine protease activity of htra2/omi through phosphorylation of serine 212" SIGNOR-252500 MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT MYH7 protein P12883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 17111365 f Regulation miannu "Transient transfection assays demonstrated that the calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway is essential for MyHCbeta promoter activation during transformation of C2C12 myotubes but is not sufficient for complete fast MyHCIId/x promoter inhibition. Along with NFATc1, myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF-2D) and the myogenic transcription factor MyoD transactivated the MyHCbeta promoter in calcium-ionophore-treated myotubes in a calcineurin-dependent manner." SIGNOR-251958 ZNF521 protein Q96K83 UNIPROT EBF1 protein Q9UH73 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 14630787 t miannu "Ehzf inhibits the transcriptional activity of early b-cell factor (ebf), a transcription factor essential for specification of the b-cell lineage /ability to interact with the neural and hematopoietic transcription factor olf1/ebf1 and inhibit its binding to dna" SIGNOR-119300 RAB7A protein P51149 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 16306406 t Sara "Endogenous TrkA and Rab7 form a complex. Inhibition of Rab7 potentiates the signaling of TrkA in response to brief stimulations with NGF" SIGNOR-261305 DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256844 DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 20978344 t "inferred from family member" miannu "The deiodinase family of enzymes controls the tissue-specific activation and inactivation of the prohormone thyroxine (T4)" SIGNOR-267809 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 phosphorylation:Tyr177 9566916 t gcesareni "We have observed association and dephosphorylation of p210 bcr-abl, but not v-abl, by ptp1b in vivo." SIGNOR-56822 EFNA3 protein P52797 UNIPROT EPHA5 protein P54756 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52381 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ARHGDIB protein P52566 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser31 YKPPPQKsLKELQEM 9606 22469974 t llicata "These results reveal a mechanism of downregulation of rhogdi2 activity through pkc-mediated phosphorylation of ser31." SIGNOR-196765 KPNA3 protein O00505 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR up-regulates relocalization 9606 20454918 t gcesareni "Nicd binds via one of its four potential nuclear localization signals to importins alfa3, alfa4, and alfa7." SIGNOR-254321 palmitoyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57379 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 14517221 t miannu "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the key regulatory enzyme of hepatic long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. The first component of this system is CPT1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, which catalyzes the transfer of long-chain acyl group of the acyl-CoA ester to carnitine. CPT1 is tightly regulated by its physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Three CPT1 isoforms with various tissue distribution and encoded by distinct genes have been identified (1., 2.): a liver (CPT1A or L-CPT1) (8.), a muscle (CPT1B or M-CPT1) (9.), and a brain isoform (CPT1C)." SIGNOR-267124 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser947 CRLNRSDsDSSTLSK 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t llicata "Moreover, we found that rsk1/2 specifically phosphorylates kibra at two highly conserved sites (thr(929) and ser(947)) in vitro and in cells. erk_rsk phosphorylation of kibra is required for proper cell proliferation and rsk-mediated phosphorylation also positively modulates kibra's migratory activity." SIGNOR-203294 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser8 MPLNRTLsMSSLPGL -1 2117608 t miannu "Phosphorylation of rabbit muscle glycogen synthase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase has been shown to enhance subsequent phosphorylation by casein kinase I . phosphorylation at Ser7 is required for modification of Ser10 by casein kinase I." SIGNOR-249988 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser339 PRGQRDSsYYWEIEA 9606 18775988 t gcesareni "P21-activated protein kinases (paks) are serine/threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate raf-1 at ser-338 and ser-339." SIGNOR-180812 Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR H3Y2 protein P0DPK5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 21041488 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin." SIGNOR-266976 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF216 protein Q9NWF9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270971 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser383 IHFWSTLsPIAPRSP 9606 9130707 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that elk-1 is barely activated by a third subclass of map kinases (p38), most likely because the critical residues ser383 and ser389 are poorly phosphorylated by p38 map kinase." SIGNOR-47630 GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257177 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1931 SPTSPTYsPTSPKGS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203600 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258559 U0126 chemical CHEBI:90693 ChEBI MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11782488 f gcesareni "Bmk1activation by h2o2 was inhibited by both pd98059 and u0126, which were reported to inhibit mek5 as well as mek1/2." SIGNOR-113782 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser927 DSDSVCDsGVETSFR 10090 BTO:0000944 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C13 11297557 t lperfetto "The i b kinase (ikk) complex rapidly phosphorylates nf- b1 p105 on serine 927 in the pest region romashkova et al. demonstrated that akt binds to and activates inhibitor of kappa b kinase-alfa (ikkalfa), which in turn phosphorylates and thereby promotes the degradation of the inhibitory cofactor of nf-kb, i-kb the scf-betatrcp complex is responsible for the ubiquitination of p100 and p105 following their phosphorylation by ikk." SIGNOR-235438 DCTPP1 protein Q9H773 UNIPROT Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001033 29874556 f miannu "Autophagy Induced by Overexpression of DCTPP1 Promotes Tumor Progression and Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome in Prostate Cancer" SIGNOR-261177 methoxamine chemical CHEBI:6839 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258455 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0004573 18809579 t miannu "O clarify the role of PML in transcription regulation, we purified the PML complex and identified Fbxo3 (Fbx3), Skp1, and Cullin1 as novel components of this complex. Fbx3 formed SCF(Fbx3) ubiquitin ligase and promoted the degradation of HIPK2 and p300 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. " SIGNOR-271745 PRPF6 protein O94906 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270625 HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256693 IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22378047 f lperfetto "IL-4-induced c-Myc activity controls a subset of M2-associated genes. IL-4 also induces the M2-polarizing JMJD3-IRF4 axis to inhibit IRF5-mediated M1 polarization." SIGNOR-249561 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 VVGARRSsWRVVSSI 9606 16376338 t llicata "Phosphorylation by pka leads to modulation of 14-3-3zeta dimerization and affect its interaction with partner proteins. Substitution of ser58 to ala completely abolished phosphorylation of 14-3-3zeta by pka." SIGNOR-143373 CKM protein P06732 UNIPROT N-phosphocreatine smallmolecule CHEBI:17287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18502307 t miannu "Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell, creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption to efficiently regenerate ATP in situ via phosphocreatine or at sites of ATP generation to build-up a phosphocreatine pool." SIGNOR-265788 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 9606 SIGNOR-C17 17466630 t gcesareni "Here, we show that the apoptotic initiator protease caspase-9 is regulated during the cell cycle through periodic phosphorylation at an inhibitory site, thr125. This site is phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin b1 during mitosis and in response to microtubule poisons that arrest cells at this stage of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-154626 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PHF7 protein Q9BWX1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271017 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT AGRP protein O00253 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28270795 f miannu "Foxo1 (when activated) stimulates the transcription of AgRP and NPY, but suppresses the transcription of POMC; thereby antagonizing the transcriptional action of STAT3 in these hypothalamic subpopulations." SIGNOR-263501 TBX2 protein Q13207 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002267 25211658 t lperfetto "TBX2 and TBX3 function as transcriptional repressors and both have been shown to inhibit myogenesis (Carlson et al, 2002; Zhu et al, 2014). Abnormal expression of TBX2 has been reported in several cancers including breast, pancreas, and melanoma, where it has been shown to drive proliferation (reviewed in Abrahams et al (2010)). As has been previously shown in other cell types, TBX2 was found to induce a downregulation of p14/19ARF and function as a direct repressor of p21 in RMS" SIGNOR-249593 CHFR protein Q96EP1 UNIPROT SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 22285184 t miannu "Here we report that CHFR interacts with BRG1, SNF5, and BAF60a of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex and ubiquitinates them to target for degradation through a proteasome-mediated pathway, and that SRG3/mBAF155 stabilizes these components by blocking their interaction with CHFR. These results suggest that CHFR enhances the degradation of the components of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex by inducing their poly-ubiquitination." SIGNOR-271458 LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256785 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1882 SPTSPTYsPTTPKYS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269349 "lysophosphatidylserine 14:0(1-)" chemical CHEBI:72402 ChEBI GPR34 protein Q9UPC5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257505 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 TTSTRTYsLGSALRP -1 11895474 t miannu "In vitro analyses revealed that vimentin served as an excellent substrate for PAK. This phosphorylated vimentin lost the potential to form 10 nm filaments. We identified Ser25, Ser38, Ser50, Ser65 and Ser72 in the amino-terminal head domain as the major phosphorylation sites on vimentin for PAK.¬†" SIGNOR-250239 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT OPALIN protein Q96PE5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 35082605 f "Non-canonical pathway (Gli1-indipendent): SMO/AMPK" SimoneGraziosi "We show that GSA-10 promotes Gli2 upregulation, MBP and MAL/OPALIN expression via Smo/AMPactivated Protein Kinase (AMPK) signaling, and efficiently increases the number of axonal contact/ensheathment for each oligodendroglial cell." SIGNOR-269225 BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15469820 t gcesareni "We show that bcl-3 is a substrate for the protein kinase gsk3 and that gsk3-mediated bcl-3 phosphorylation, which is inhibited by akt activation, targets its degradation through the proteasome pathway. This phosphorylation modulates its association with hdac1, 3 and 6." SIGNOR-129804 Ub:RBR_E3 complex SIGNOR-C520 SIGNOR Protein_ubiquitination phenotype SIGNOR-PH214 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 34199813 f miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271384 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR MCM10 protein Q7L590 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 22570418 t miannu "By screening the known DDB1 interacting proteins, we discovered that VprBP is the substrate recognition subunit that targets Mcm10 for degradation. Hence, these results establish that Cul4-DDB1-VprBP ubiquitin ligase mediates the stress-induced proteolysis of replication factor, Mcm10." SIGNOR-272045 JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT IFNGR1 protein P15260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 19041276 t lperfetto "The activation of this signaling pathway involves the binding of IFN-g to two IFN-g receptor (IFN-gR) subunits, made up of respective IFNgR1:IFNgR2 pairs, which dimerize upon IFN-g binding to form the IFN-gR complex. Two JAKs, JAK1and JAK2,which bind to each IFN-gR subunits, respectively through their N-terminal domains, both become activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in a JAK2-dependent process." SIGNOR-249488 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr160 QVPQQPTyVQALFDF 9606 BTO:0000007 20554525 t lperfetto "Two phosphorylation sites on Grb2 have been identified thus far at position Tyr209 in BCR-ABL-expressing cells (16) and Tyr160 by pp60c-src (18)Previous reports suggested an inhibitory role of Grb2 Tyr7, Tyr37, Tyr52, and Tyr209 phosphorylation in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling (16) (43). Instead, in our system Grb2 Tyr160 mutation was not show to have a role in ALCL proliferation." SIGNOR-247142 RAB10 protein P61026 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "The Rab proteins primarily localized to the EE include Rab5 and Rab4, which regulate distinct early endocytic events. In addition to these two Rab proteins, some of the other less well-characterized Rabs at the EE include Rab10 , Rab14 , Rab21 and Rab22" SIGNOR-260618 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB8 protein P26012 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257636 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser594 HKAAVPAsEKLLLLK 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "We show that chat is differentially phosphorylated by protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms on four serines (ser-440, ser-346, ser-347, and ser-476) and one threonine (thr-255). This phosphorylation is hierarchical, with phosphorylation at ser-476 required for phosphorylation at other serines. Phosphorylation at some, but not all, sites regulates basal catalysis and activation." SIGNOR-129272 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser484 RSRAIHSsDEGEDQA 9606 BTO:0001412 12769847 t llicata "We identify two phosphorylation sites in the VCA domain of WASP at serines 483 and 484. S483 and S484 are substrates for casein kinase 2 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of these residues increases the affinity of the VCA domain for the Arp2/3 complex 7-fold and is required for efficient in vitro actin polymerization by the full-length WASP molecule. " SIGNOR-251049 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23431053 t "YAP can specifically recognize the phosphorylated SMAD linker sequence containing the PY motif, and its presence is required for efficient transcription of BMP target genes." gcesareni "Yap binds to the phosphorylated smad1 to activate gene transcription." SIGNOR-201462 IDH3B protein O43837 UNIPROT IDH complex SIGNOR-C396 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the α2βγ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-266249 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266475 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr350 EPPDHQYyNDFPGKE 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t lperfetto "Syk and zap-70 were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site. Of the two potential grb2 binding sites (y239 and y317), y239 appears to play a greater role in recruiting sos through grb2." SIGNOR-59627 α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000586 21598020 t miannu "Overexpression of CTNNA3 in a CTNNA1 negative colon carcinoma cell line resulted in the reassembly of the adherens and tight junctions through the recruitment of CTNNA3 interacting partners such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, plakoglobin, and ZO-14" SIGNOR-265817 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT IL16 protein Q14005 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser845 SIRQRISsFETFGSS 9606 14768064 t lperfetto "The precursor form of the cytokine il-16 (proil-16) was shown to be phosphorylated on ser144 in antigen receptor-, sdf1alpha- and il-2-activated t cells. Genetic and pharmacological-inhibitor experiments showed that the phosphorylation of proil-16 is dependent on activation of the kinases erk1/2. Il-16 is secreted by mitogen-activated t cells, and the biochemical link between proil-16 and erk1/2, revealed by studies with pap-1, prompted analysis of the role of map kinases in this response." SIGNOR-121856 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-D-ribosyl)imidazolium-4-carboxylate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:77657 ChEBI SAICAR(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58443 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The next two reactions (steps 6 and 7) involve carb oxylation of AIR to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonu cleotide (CAIR) and ligation of the carboxy group of CAIR with an amide group derived from Asp in an ATP dependent reaction forming 4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)- 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR). These reac tions are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS)." SIGNOR-268109 ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT Macrophage_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH99 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11175361 f miannu "the constitutive expression of ets2 in myeloblast leukemic cells induces their differentiation to macrophages" SIGNOR-259871 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 18612045 f lperfetto "Transcriptional reporter assays performed in both HepG2 and C2C12 cells demonstrate that the MuRF1 promoter is highly responsive to dexamethasone-activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and FoxO1 individually, while co-overexpression of GR and FoxO1 leads to a dramatic synergistic increase in reporter activity" SIGNOR-252927 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT HOXA10 protein P31260 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17688409 f miannu "Transcription factors GATA-1 and Fli-1 regulate human HOXA10 expression in megakaryocytic cells. Mutation of the GATA-1 and the Ets-1 motifs amplified the expression of HOXA10 in HEL and K562 cells, confirming the importance of these cis-acting elements in regulating HOXA10 expression in megakaryocytic cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assays confirm that HOXA11 binds to the putative binding site, resulting in repression of HOXA10 expression." SIGNOR-254470 MAPKAPK3 protein Q16644 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser377 PPLLRPLsENSGDEN -1 12171600 t miannu "Identification of Ser-377 as the site on eEF2 kinase phosphorylated in vitro by MAPKAP-K2, MAPKAP-K3 and MAPKAP-K5. Maximal phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase by MAPKAP-K2 (Figure 5) or MAPKAP-K5 (results not shown) had no effect on its activity." SIGNOR-249709 GYPC protein P04921 UNIPROT "4.1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C386 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 33187473 t lperfetto "The cytoskeleton plays a key role in maintaining the morphology and function of erythrocyte membranes. Many proteins, such as ankyrin, spectrin alpha- and beta-chains, proteins 4.1, or 4.1R and actin, cover the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane to form two protein complexes, the ankyrin and protein 4.1 complex| the latter consists of Band 3 dimers binding Adducins alpha and beta, Glycophorin C, GLUT1 and Stomatin [15, 16]" SIGNOR-266034 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 KELEKRAsGQAFELI 9606 BTO:0000661 9686569 t gcesareni "Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (mt) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. Prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. In vitro, ser16 of recombinant human stathmin was phosphorylated also by purified cam kinase ii, and in vivo, cam kinase ii activity was indeed stimulated in cd2-triggered jurkat cells. Altogether, our results favor an association of cam kinase ii activity with costimulatory signals of t lymphocyte activation and phosphorylation of stathmin on ser16." SIGNOR-59354 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25278611 t miannu "Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. Up-regulation of DEK, TRIM24 and NCOA3 is a feature of prostate cancer SPOP mutations." SIGNOR-272827 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1654 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-119366 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 12704343 t milica "IL-4Rα, γc, and IL-13Rα1 all contain proline-rich box-1 regions that bind jak1, jak3, and tyk2, respectively. Il-4 uses the type ii receptor, and IL-13R1 Binds tyk2. Il-13 results in activation of jak1 and tyk2 in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-100774 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser172 YRDPSCLsPASSLSS 9606 10652349 t "Translocation from Nucleus to Cytoplasm" esanto "We show that jnk, erk, and p38 physically associate with the nfatc n-terminal regulatory domain and can directly phosphorylate functionally important residues involved in regulating nfatc subcellular localization, namely ser(172) and the conserved nfatc ser-pro repeats." SIGNOR-74556 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr37 PPGDYSTtPGGTLFS 9823 BTO:0001840 SIGNOR-C3 23486913 t lperfetto "These results indicate that arg, leu, and gln act coordinately to stimulate proliferation of ptr cells through activation of the mtor-rps6k-rps6-eif4ebp1 signal transduction pathway. Specifically as part of mtorc1, mtor directly phosphorylates the ribosomal protein s6 kinases (s6k1 and s6k2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)-binding proteins (4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-219262 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NCOR1 protein O75376 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1450 TVRSRHTsVVSSGPS 9606 BTO:0001271 23940660 t llicata "Akt-induced phosphorylation of n-cor at serine 1450 contributes to its misfolded conformational dependent loss (mcdl) in acute myeloid leukemia of the m5 subtype." SIGNOR-198913 ADAM10 protein O14672 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 26284334 t miannu "The ADAM proteases are best known for their role in shedding the extracellular domain of transmembrane proteins. Among the transmembrane proteins shed by ADAM10 are notch, HER2, E-cadherin, CD44, L1 and the EGFR ligands, EGF and betacellulin." SIGNOR-259846 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 10576742 t lperfetto "Akt (protein kinase b), a member of a different signaling pathway that also regulates these responses, interacted with raf and phosphorylated this protein at a highly conserved serine residue in its regulatory domain in vivo. This phosphorylation of raf by akt inhibited activation of the raf-mek-erk signaling pathway and shifted the cellular response in a human breast cancer cell line from cell cycle arrest to proliferation." SIGNOR-235678 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "Calprotectin complex" complex SIGNOR-C293 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001044 16690079 t miannu "S100 proteins comprise the largest family of calcium-binding proteins. Members of this family usually form homo- or heterodimers, which may associate to higher-order oligomers in a calcium-dependent manner. The heterodimers of S100A8 and S100A9 represent the major calcium-binding proteins in phagocytes. Both proteins regulate migration of these cells via modulation of tubulin polymerization." SIGNOR-262826 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 20404331 f lperfetto "Capacity of PGC-1alpha and PGC-1beta to inhibit FoxO3 and NFkappaB actions and proteolysis helps explain how exercise prevents muscle atrophy.overexpression of PGC-1_ inhibits muscle wasting induced by denervation, starvation, and even caFoxO3 expression" SIGNOR-252969 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr612 TLHTDDGyMPMSPGV 9606 17827393 t gcesareni "Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)." SIGNOR-157742 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR unknown phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 11171104 t lperfetto "In contrast, the phosphorylation site mutations, ss24, 25aa and s182a, while having no effects on enzyme activity, are associated with nuclear redistribution of the subunit." SIGNOR-216415 PRC1 protein O43663 UNIPROT KIF23 protein Q02241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15297875 t miannu "These data indicate that PRC1 binds to KIF4, MKLP1 and CENP-E during late mitosis; however, it apparently does not interact simultaneously with more than one of these motor proteins." SIGNOR-265989 PHF12 protein Q96QT6 UNIPROT SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 11390640 t miannu "Pf1 interacts with mSin3A in vivo. Gal4-Pf1 repressed activity of the reporter gene fivefold relative to Gal4 alone (Fig. ​(Fig.5A),5A), suggesting that DNA-bound Pf1 was capable of recruiting functional mSin3A complexes." SIGNOR-266995 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser432 SAYGGLTsPGLSYSL 9606 BTO:0000182 16554440 t "K8 Ser431-P is a physiologic substrate to PP2A during hyposmotic conditions and possibly other biologic contexts." SIGNOR-248623 D-serine smallmolecule CHEBI:16523 ChEBI "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002609 12393813 t lperfetto "D-serine acts in concert with L-glutamate (triangles) to activate NMDA receptors|D-serine released from astrocytes seems to be an endogenous ligand of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (3, 8). Depletion of endogenous D-serine in slices and cultured cells strongly diminishes NMDA receptor responses measured biochemically and electrophysiologically" SIGNOR-268280 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser77 YEPEGSAsPTPPYLK 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248495 Viral_dsRNA stimulus SIGNOR-ST21 SIGNOR DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19052324 t miannu "Initially, RIG-I and MDA5 sense dsRNA in the cytoplasm, produced as a by-product of RNA virus replication.Once one or both of these sensors are activated, they interact with a mitochondrial membrane protein called MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral) (also called IPS1, Cardif, and VISA). They signal to the mitochondrial membrane protein MAVS, which in turn activates the kinases TBK1 and IKKɛ." SIGNOR-260141 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 17283141 t gcesareni "Nek2 is activated by autophosphorylation, and its dephosphorylation is catalyzed by pp1" SIGNOR-152949 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR ENO3 protein P13929 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136550 VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys181 ALEKERNkFSELWIV 9606 26471729 t lperfetto "Here, we report a new role for p97 with Npl4-Ufd1 as its cofactor in reducing antiviral innate immune responses by facilitating proteasomal degradation of RIG-I. The p97 complex is able to directly bind both non-ubiquitinated RIG-I and the E3 ligase RNF125, promoting K48-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I at residue K181." SIGNOR-261000 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr37 EECDQNWyKAELNGK 9606 20554525 t lperfetto "More recently, however, tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb2 in BCR-ABL-transformed cells on residues Tyr7, Tyr37, Tyr52, and Tyr209 in the SH3 domains has been reported and shown to negatively regulate the Ras/MAPK pathway." SIGNOR-246289 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser184 HPPVLRQsISFSGLP -1 14688255 t miannu "We confirm phosphorylation of TTP by MK2 and identify specific phosphorylation sites at Ser52, Ser105, Ser58, Ser176, Ser178, and Ser316. If MK2 regulates translation in part by TTP phosphorylation, TTP should be a repressor of translation when dephosphorylated and an activator of (or neutral to) translation when phosphorylated." SIGNOR-250153 SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT GADD45G protein O95257 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22219353 t Gianni "Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation" SIGNOR-268942 anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one chemical CHEBI:90695 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 21159646 t gcesareni "In comparison, in the same assay conditions, the previously reported mps1 inhibitor sp600125 (13) was 10-fold less potent than nms-p715 on mps1 and, in addition, it was highly unspecific, being more active on at least 12 kinases including mitotic kinases." SIGNOR-170611 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F8 protein P00451 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg1708 EDENQSPrSFQKKTR -1 10350471 t lperfetto "Activation of factor VIII by thrombin occurs via limited proteolysis at R372, R740, and R1689." SIGNOR-263639 PPM1D protein O15297 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser140 GKKATQAsQEY 9606 20118229 t gcesareni "Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 dephosphorylates histone variant gamma-h2ax and suppresses dna double strand break repair. Here, we demonstrate that the wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (wip1) also dephosphorylates gamma-h2ax at serine 139 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-163693 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:15786 ChEBI "glycine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57305 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11802770 t miannu "HTMLA might be identical to serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT; EC 2.1.2.1), since it has been shown that SHMT purified from rabbit liver acts upon HTML, yielding TMABA and glycine." SIGNOR-269691 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser150 TLRRVRIsADAMMQA 9606 BTO:0000887 12242269 t llicata "Importantly, cardiac troponin i was found to be phosphorylated at serine 149 of human cardiac troponin i, representing a novel phosphorylation site. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of modulating the calcium sensitivity of cardiac muscle contraction." SIGNOR-92990 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser439 SIGHSPLsLSAQSVM 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204732 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16205636 f miannu "Suppression of ATF4 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially inhibited the celecoxib-dependent upregulation of GRP78." SIGNOR-253749 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser281 NRRQLAFsTVGTPDY 9606 12493777 t lperfetto "We found that ndr1 autophosphorylates in vitro predominantly on ser-281 and to a lesser extent on thr-74 and thr-444. All of these residues proved to be crucial also for ndr1 activity in vivo" SIGNOR-96679 RAB6B protein Q9NRW1 UNIPROT VPS13B protein Q7Z7G8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25492866 t miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. COH1 Golgi Localization Is Mediated by Active RAB6 . COH1 Interacts with All Three Mammalian RAB6 Homologues" SIGNOR-269205 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT UCP3 protein P55916 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17609368 f gcesareni "Severalin vivostudies using aicar to activate ampk chronically determined that mitochondrial enzymes [e.g., cytochromec, uncoupling protein 3 (ucp-3)] (1518) and proteins involved in glucose uptake (glut4) (1820) are increased at the transcriptional level in skeletal muscle." SIGNOR-156831 NEB protein P20929 UNIPROT WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Igf1-akt signaling, by inhibiting gsk3b, allows the interaction of n-wasp with the unphosphorylated nebulin;the consequent recruitment of n-wasp to the z-disk promotes actin nucleation and elongation of actin filaments." SIGNOR-175671 IL1A protein P01583 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000847 9767234 f miannu "MSH receptor (MSH-R) binding activity was upregulated by UVB, IL-1alpha, -1beta and ET-1, but was downregulated by TNF-alpha.Northern blotanalysis showed that MC1-R mRNA expression was induced 24 h after UVB irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and that 24-h treatment with ET-1 also induced an expression of MC1-R mRNA,whereas TNF-a downregulated the expression. In addition, IL-1a and -1b have a small but real inductiveeffect on MC1-R mRNA expression." SIGNOR-252387 RAB22A protein Q9UL26 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "The Rab proteins primarily localized to the EE include Rab5 and Rab4, which regulate distinct early endocytic events. In addition to these two Rab proteins, some of the other less well-characterized Rabs at the EE include Rab10 , Rab14 , Rab21 and Rab22" SIGNOR-260621 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:62845 ChEBI 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000093 8790407 t Luana "These studies demonstrate that human P450 1B1 is a catalytically efficient E2 4-hydroxylase that is likely to participate in endocrine regulation and the toxicity of estrogens." SIGNOR-269755 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MYL1 protein P05976 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 16854453 t gcesareni "Activation of raf/mek/erk cascade can also result in the phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic mcl-1 protein and the pro-apoptotic bim protein." SIGNOR-148002 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser672 VRGPVSGsPDSMNAS 9606 BTO:0000007 10195894 t "Once activated, IKKbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased IKK activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response." SIGNOR-251275 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19855079 t apalma "We demonstrate that in addition to blocking myeloid differentiation, PLZF-RARα also promotes proliferation/self-renewal via the aberrant regulation of cell cycle–associated genes such as c-Myc, providing a basis for studying the aberrant response of this leukemia subtype to retinoic acid." SIGNOR-256374 PTPN5 protein P54829 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr420 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000671 11983687 t lperfetto "Wild-type step(61) dephosphorylates fyn at tyr(420) but not at tyr(531). These results suggest that step regulates the activity of fyn by specifically dephosphorylating the regulatory tyr(420) and may be one mechanism by which fyn activity is decreased within psds." SIGNOR-86791 GLI3 protein P10071 UNIPROT MYCN protein P04198 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17419683 f gcesareni "Gli activators bind to gaccaccca motif to regulate transcription of gli1, ptch1, ptch2, hhip1, mycn, ccnd1, ccnd2, bcl2, cflar, foxf1, foxl1, prdm1 (blimp1), jag2, grem1, and follistatin. .Hedgehog Signals induce cellular proliferation through upregulation of n-myc, cyclin d/e, and foxm1." SIGNOR-154237 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 22298955 t gcesareni "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-193390 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11015200 t miannu "The calmodulin-binding region is located between amino acids 51 and 96" SIGNOR-266321 KMT5B protein Q4FZB7 UNIPROT EID3 protein Q8N140 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 23720823 t miannu "Here we show that, when over-expressed, FRG1 binds and interferes with the activity of the histone methyltransferase Suv4-20h1 both in mammals and Drosophila. Accordingly, FRG1 over-expression or Suv4-20h1 knockdown inhibits myogenesis. The novel inhibitor of differentiation Eid3 is an FRG1/Suv4-20h1 target involved in the myogenic defects caused by FRG1 over-expression. Eid3 is down-regulated upon muscle differentiation and behaves as a myogenic inhibitor gene." SIGNOR-266640 CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT Dendritic_spine_morphogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH183 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14684878 f miannu "Cortactin is an F-actin binding protein and activator of the Arp2/3 actin nucleation machinery that also interacts with the postsynaptic density (PSD) protein Shank. Cortactin is concentrated in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons, and the N-terminal half of the protein containing the Arp2/3 and F-actin binding domains is necessary and sufficient for spine targeting." SIGNOR-266595 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19772889 t "These findings indicate that fatty marrow replacement in AA patients can be explained by downregulation of GATA-2 and overexpression of PPARgamma in MSCs. Decreased expression of GATA-2 might be responsible for the pathogenesis and development of the clinical features of the disease." SIGNOR-259949 "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9428518 t miannu "Stable expression of alpha6beta4 increased carcinoma invasion in a pi3k-dependent manner, and transient expression of a constitutively active pi3k increased invasion in the absence of alpha6beta4. Ligation of alpha6beta4 stimulated significantly more pi3k activity than ligation of beta1 integrins, establishing specificity among integrins for pi3k activation." SIGNOR-259033 FCN2 protein Q15485 UNIPROT MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000392 11907111 t lperfetto "H-ficolin binds to PSA, a polysaccharide produced by Aerococcus viridans. C4 was activated by H-ficolin preparations bound to PSA which had been coated on ELISA plates. These results indicate that H-ficolin is a second ficolin which is associated with MASPs and sMAP, and which activates the lectin pathway|Proteolytic activation of complement components by H-ficolin-MASP." SIGNOR-263411 SCAP protein Q12770 UNIPROT SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10029 BTO:0000246 12202038 t "SCAP contains two domains: an NH2-terminal membrane attachment domain with eight membrane-spanning helices (Nohturfft et al., 1998b) and a long COOH-terminal extension that contains multiple copies of a WD40 repeat sequence, which forms a propeller-like structure that binds to the COOH-terminal domains of the SREBPs, thereby permitting the escort function" SIGNOR-267502 SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22225874 t FFerrentino "Srf within myofibers modulates Il6 and Cox2/Il4 expressions and, therefore, exerts a paracrine control of satellite cell proliferation and fusion, respectively, which in turn support skeletal muscle hypertrophy." SIGNOR-255966 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TH protein P07101 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser62 SYTPTPRsPRFIGRR 9606 7901013 t gcesareni "In this paper we have studied the phosphorylation and activation of alternatively spliced forms of human th by mapkap kinase-1 , mapkap kinase-2, map kinase, and cam kinase-11" SIGNOR-34678 KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" demethylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 15620353 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases, functions as a histone demethylase and transcriptional corepressor. LSD1 specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4, which is linked to active transcription." SIGNOR-264508 GPS1 protein Q13098 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270774 TLK2 protein Q86UE8 UNIPROT ASF1A protein Q9Y294 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser192 GWSTSENsLNVMLES 9606 20016786 t Manara "We found that only S192A in hASF1a and S198A in hASF1b significantly affected phosphorylation by hTLK2 | Consistent" SIGNOR-260787 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 35104164 t lperfetto "We found that Ser261 in OXTR was phosphorylated by protein kinase D1 (PKD1).|In HEK293A cells, the PKD1-mediated phosphorylation of OXTR promoted its binding to Gq protein and, in turn, OXTR-mediated phosphorylation of PKD1, indicating a positive feedback loop." SIGNOR-268577 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PDXDC1 protein Q6P996 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr691 AGVTLPPtPSGSRTK 10090 BTO:0000944 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262759 SMC5/6 complex SIGNOR-C374 SIGNOR Chromosome_segregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH44 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27427983 f miannu "The SMC5/6 complex, consisting of SMC5, SMC6, and non-SMC elements NSMCE1–6, has key roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity during mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair and is critical for genome stability. In particular, the SMC5/6 complex is involved in resolving intermediates during recombination (5, 6) and other complex DNA structures, such as stalled replication forks" SIGNOR-265488 DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr187 HTGFLTEyVATRWYR 9534 BTO:0004055 10224087 t "Extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and ERK2 are authentic substrates for the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase VHR. A novel role in down-regulating the ERK pathway.|Catalysis by VHR requires the native structure of ERK and is specific for tyrosine 185 of ERK2" SIGNOR-248536 ROR2 protein Q01974 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18667433 t gcesareni "Additionally, the association of ror2 with the actin-binding protein filamin a is required for wnt5a-induced jnk activation and polarized cell migration." SIGNOR-179668 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr280 LKKTDRIyAMKVVKK 9606 11713277 t llicata "Nerve growth factor stimulates multisite tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the atypical protein kinase c's via a src kinase pathway. tyrosine 256, 271, and 325 were identified as major sites phosphorylated by src in the catalytic domain." SIGNOR-111924 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT INCENP protein Q9NQS7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr892 KPRYHKRtSSAVWNS 9606 12925766 t gcesareni "Human incenp was a substrate of aurora b and mass spectrometry identified three consecutive residues (threonine 893, serine 894, and serine 895) containing at least two phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-118019 NAE complex SIGNOR-C131 SIGNOR ANAPC2 protein Q9UJX6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" neddylation 9606 25504797 t lperfetto "The family of cullin proteins is the most established target for NEDD8. In humans, it is composed of seven cullins (Cul1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5 and 7), whereas PARC (CUL9) and APC2 (component of the anaphase promoting complex APC) contain a cullin-homology domain. All cullins are modified with NEDD8The role of cullin NEDDylation is to enhance the activity of the CRLs and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of the regulated substrates." SIGNOR-243175 DNAAF10 protein Q96MX6 UNIPROT "PAQosome co-chaperone complex" complex SIGNOR-C516 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484152 t miannu "The PAQosome (Particle for Arrangement of Quaternary structure) is a large multisubunit chaperone complex that is essential for the assembly and stabilization of other macromolecular complexes. It also interacts with several chaperones including Hsp90, Hsp70, and CCT. The PAQosome is comprised of the R2TP complex, the URI1 prefoldin complex (also known as the non-canonical prefoldin-like complex), the RNA polymerase subunit RPB5, and the WD40 repeat protein WDR92. " SIGNOR-270921 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259001 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser222 VSGQLIDsMANSFVG 9606 BTO:0000007 15466476 t lperfetto "Cot proteins were used in an in vitro kinase assay using mek as a substrate. Samples were analyzed by western blotting. As seen in the cascade activity assay only wild-type cot was active against mekregulation of cot is of great interest to the signaling field since the cot/mek/erk pathway potentially plays a role in the etiology of inflammatory autoimmune diseases." SIGNOR-129694 "D-ribulose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17363 ChEBI "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34775382 t miannu "The reversible nonoxidative phase starts with Ru5P that is transformed into ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) by ribulose-5-phosphate isomerase. R5P is an essential component of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides biosynthesis. Ru5P may also be converted into xylulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, which was reported to enhance glycolytic flux." SIGNOR-267064 PARD6A protein Q9NPB6 UNIPROT PARD6/SMURF1 complex SIGNOR-C112 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004183 15761148 t lperfetto "The Par6-Smurf1 complex then mediates the localized ubiquitination of RhoA to enable the TGF_-dependent dissolution of tight junctions during EMT." SIGNOR-227559 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 19171758 t miannu "In this study, we report that Kank disrupts the function of active Rac1 through IRSp53. The binding between IRSp53 and Kank inhibits the association of active Rac1 with IRSp53 rather than the association of active cdc42 with IRSp53. Kank inhibits the formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles induced by active Rac1 in NIH3T3 cells." SIGNOR-265554 MYLIP protein Q8WY64 UNIPROT VLDLR protein P98155 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20427281 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that Idol also targets two closely related LDLR family members, VLDLR and ApoE receptor 2 (ApoER2), proteins implicated in both neuronal development and lipid metabolism. Idol triggers ubiquitination of the VLDLR and ApoER2 on their cytoplasmic tails, leading to their degradation." SIGNOR-271487 NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner./lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-175222 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-156860 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT Lymphopoiesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH111 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 8079170 f "Mice carrying a mutation in the PU.1 locus were generated by gene targeting. Homozygous mutant embryos died at a late gestational stage. [...]An invariant consequence of the mutation was a multilineage defect in the generation of progenitors for B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. Thus, the developmental programs of lymphoid and myeloid lineages require a common genetic function likely acting at the level of a multipotential progenitor." SIGNOR-259956 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258514 CMA1 protein P23946 UNIPROT EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Tyr83 TPEHVVPyGLGSPRS 9606 BTO:0000830 9257865 t miannu "Chymase from human mast cells selectively cleaved big endothelins (ETs) at the Tyr31-Gly32 bond and produced novel trachea-constricting 31-amino acid-length endothelins, ETs(1-31), without any further degradation products." SIGNOR-256356 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser213 TRKLMEFsEHCAIIL 9606 BTO:0002181 9155023 t lperfetto "Here we show that TbetaRII kinase is regulated intricately by autophosphorylation on at least three serine residues. Ser213, in the membrane-proximal segment outside the kinase domain, undergoes intra-molecular autophosphorylation which is essential for the activation of TbetaRII kinase activity, activation of TbetaRI and TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition." SIGNOR-236087 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr180 ETVVIALyDYQTNDP 9606 BTO:0000782 12842872 t lperfetto "In this study, we present evidence for another mode of regulation for itk, the autophosphorylation of tyr-180 in the src homology 3 (sh3) domain." SIGNOR-103170 SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85." SIGNOR-175259 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7791754 t fspada " BMPR-II is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that binds BMP-2 and BMP-7 in association with multiple type I receptors, including BMPR-IA/Brk1, BMPR-IB, and ActR-I, which is also an activin type I receptor. " SIGNOR-232216 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 AEAFLGFsYAPPTDS -1 10191262 t miannu "The activation of SGK by PDK1 in vitro is unaffected by PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, abolished by the mutation of Ser422 to Ala, and greatly potentiated by mutation of Ser422 to Asp" SIGNOR-250274 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16751101 t lpetrilli "Ppm1a dephosphorylates and promotes nuclear export of tgfbeta-activated smad2/3; these results suggest that phospho-smad2 is a direct substrate of mg2+-dependent ppm1a. in conclusion, ppm1a is a bona fide phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates the critical sxs motif of r-smads." SIGNOR-146919 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR T-reg_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH91 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 21364186 f "Lowering the extent of costimulation of P2X in T cells diminishes the extent of ERK phosphorylation without affecting TCR-mediated nuclear translocation of NFAT (10). In Tregs, this mechanism would favor the stability of their transcriptional program through the stabilization of nuclear complexes of NFAT and Foxp3 (47)." SIGNOR-254687 RIMBP3C protein A6NJZ7 UNIPROT RIMS1 protein Q86UR5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264362 RFX3 protein P48380 UNIPROT Cilium_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH64 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 32725242 f miannu "RFX2 and RFX3 are key regulators of ependymal cell ciliogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show here that RFX2 and RFX3 have both redundant and specific functions in the biogenesis of motile cilia on mouse ependymal cells, whereas RFX1 does not seem to play a key regulatory role in this process." SIGNOR-266927 NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 18492217 t gcesareni "Numb can actually interact in vivo with endogenous mdm2 and p53, resulting in a trimeric complex between the three proteins [10]. This interaction appears to regulate the stability of p53, as reduction of numb levels by rna interference (rnai) causes a decrease in the half-life of p53 and consequently a reduction in steady-state levels of the protein. Consistent with this observation, overexpression of numb increases the level of p53 in both unstressed and stressed cells." SIGNOR-178668 GOLGA7 protein Q7Z5G4 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16000296 t miannu "Covalent lipid modifications mediate the membrane attachment and biological activity of Ras proteins. All Ras isoforms are farnesylated and carboxyl-methylated at the terminal cysteine; H-Ras and N-Ras are further modified by palmitoylation. Here we report that H- and N-Ras are palmitoylated by a human protein palmitoyltransferase encoded by the ZDHHC9 and GCP16 genes. DHHC9 is an integral membrane protein that contains a DHHC cysteine-rich domain. GCP16 encodes a Golgi-localized membrane protein." SIGNOR-261354 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1742 KAQAKVGsLDNAHHV 9606 BTO:0000567 11029056 t miannu "CAMP-dependent protein kinase activity disrupts the MAP2-microtubule interaction in living HeLa cells. S319, S350, and S382 were thus identified as preferred targets of PKA" SIGNOR-250003 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252826 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t lperfetto "A large number of cytosolic proteins can be phosphorylated by p38 mapks, including phospholipase a2, the microtubule-associated protein tau, nhe-1, cyclin d1, cdk inhibitors, bcl2 family proteins, growth factor receptors or keratins." SIGNOR-166611 "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256381 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18394876 t lperfetto "The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to directly phosphorylate FoxO factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the Akt phosphorylation sites, resulting in FoxO activation." SIGNOR-216478 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser44 ESEESQDsSDSIGSS 9606 20730097 t lperfetto "These data suggested that atf1 is always hyperphosphorylated on the ck sites in vivo. Also, the antibody reactivity suggested that in addition to ser-36 and ser-41, ser-38 and ser-44 were phosphorylated in vivo. To accommodate these findings, we propose that constitutive hyperphosphorylation by ck1/ck2 maintains atf1 in an inactive state that promotes transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-167556 STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 10982806 t lperfetto "STAT6 mediates suppression of STAT1 and NF-kB-dependent transcription by distinct mechanisms. Both processes are dependent upon the STAT6 transactivation domain and may involve sequestration of necessary but different transcriptional coactivator proteins. These two suppressive mechanisms are controlled differentially by the nature of the STAT6 DNA-binding site" SIGNOR-249552 TNK2 protein Q07912 UNIPROT TNK2 protein Q07912 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr284 LPQNDDHyVMQEHRK -1 16472662 t "Purified ACK1 undergoes autophosphorylation at Tyr284, and autophosphorylation increases kinase activity" SIGNOR-251184 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT CD68 protein P34810 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 12676954 f "However, our data show that PU.1/IRF-4 and IRF-8 heterocomplexes down-regulate CD68 promoter activity in macrophages and repression is dependent on the integrity of both the IRF and PU.1 half-sites of this composite element." SIGNOR-254286 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PAG1 protein Q9NWQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr387 SEEPEPDyEAIQTLN 9534 16920712 t miannu "Here we show that Lyn interacts with C-terminal Src kinase-binding protein (Cbp), an adaptor protein that recruits negative regulators C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)/Csk-like protein-tyrosine kinase (Ctk). Lyn phosphorylated Cbp on several tyrosine residues, including Tyr314, which recruited Csk/Ctk to suppress Lyn kinase activity.Thus, a single phosphotyrosine residue on Cbp coordinates a two-phase process involving distinct negative regulatory pathways to inactivate, then degrade, Lyn." SIGNOR-262893 Ethylketocyclazocine chemical CHEBI:4901 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258780 PSMD13 protein Q9UNM6 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263348 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1179 NYGTNPGtPPASTSP 9606 12163482 t lperfetto "Mapk also directly phosphorylates src-1 at thr1179 and ser1185. Phosphorylation of src-1 by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) is required for optimal progesterone receptor-dependent transcription and for functional cooperation with camp response element-binding protein-binding protein" SIGNOR-91143 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT JUND protein P17535 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser100 LGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 22327296 t gcesareni "Menin binds the jun family transcription factor jund and inhibits its transcriptional activity. The menin-jund interaction blocks jun n-terminal kinase (jnk)-mediated jund phosphorylation and suppresses jund-induced transcription. We found a role for phosphorylation of the ser100 residue of jund;jund phosphorylation were prevented by inhibitors of calcium, calmodulin, or erk1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-196030 "C5 convertase complex (C3bBbC3b)" complex SIGNOR-C315 SIGNOR C5 protein P01031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg677 KEILRPRrTLQKKIE 9606 BTO:0000089 26489954 t lperfetto "In addition to the surface‐bound C3 convertase, a fluid‐phase convertase can be formed by association of water‐reacted C3, termed C3(H20), to FB thus constantly maintaining a low level of complement activation in solution (tick‐over). Both of the surface‐bound C3 convertases can bind a C3b molecule whereby the C5 convertases are formed. These cleave C5 into C5a and C5b, thus initiating the terminal pathway and leading to formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)." SIGNOR-263481 KMT2E protein Q8IZD2 UNIPROT NCR2 protein O95944 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000737 23958951 t miannu "We identify natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 (NKp44L), a novel isoform of the mixed-lineage leukemia-5 protein, as a cellular ligand for NKp44. Unlike the other MLL family members, NKp44L is excluded from the nucleus, but expressed at the cell-surface level; its subcellular localization is being associated with the presence of a specific C-terminal motif. Strikingly, NKp44L has not been detected on circulating cells isolated from healthy individuals, but it is expressed on a large panel of the tumor and transformed cells." SIGNOR-260045 DUSP26 protein Q9BV47 UNIPROT FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser194 QNRSGAMsPMSWNSD 9606 24548998 t lperfetto "This multi-functionality of fadd may depend primarily on its subcellular location. Fadd shuttles between the cytosol and the nucleus and this signal is unclear;however, fadd trafficking requires phosphorylation of the protein on ser194dusp26 suppresses cell proliferation by fadd dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-204559 metaproterenol chemical CHEBI:6792 ChEBI ADRB3 protein P13945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257874 FANCL protein Q9NW38 UNIPROT FANCI protein Q9NVI1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination SIGNOR-C300 18985065 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FANCD2 and Fanconi anemia core components (broken pink circles) affects the efficiency of, but is not essential for, ID ubiquitination by the FA core complex, together with E1 and UBE2T. Analogously, ubiquitination of FANCD2 (solid orange ovals) is essential for DNA repair, activating the ID complex for chromatin binding" SIGNOR-263266 WSB1 protein Q9Y6I7 UNIPROT HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 18093972 t lperfetto "Ubiquitination and degradation of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 by wd40 repeat/socs box protein wsb-1" SIGNOR-160032 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT TERT protein O14746 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19571879 t miannu "Tert activates wnt reporter plasmids in a brg1-dependent manner." SIGNOR-186607 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 16146838 t lperfetto "The results of 2 microarray experiments demonstrated that the aberrant activation of STAT proteins by Flt3-ITDs resulted in the up-regulation of several STAT5-responsive genes, such as Pim-1, Pim-2, and members of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) protein family. These results are particularly interesting because recent data point to an important role of Pim kinases in the antiapoptosis of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-249621 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser107 SVDSVTDsQKRREIL 9606 15073328 t lperfetto "Atm phosphorylated creb in vitro and in vivo in response to ionizing radiation (ir) and h(2)o(2) on a stress-inducible domain. Ir-induced phosphorylation of creb correlated with a decrease in creb transactivation potential and reduced interaction between creb and its transcriptional coactivator, creb-binding protein (cbp). A creb mutant containing ala substitutions at atm phosphorylation sites displayed enhanced transactivation potentialit is, therefore, likely that atm and atr regulate creb phosphorylation collectively in response to stress stimuli." SIGNOR-124060 RFX5 protein P48382 UNIPROT "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 10825209 t miannu "RFXANK and RFXAP bind to each other and form a heterodimer (step 1) that subsequently interacts with RFX5 Upon binding, the conformation of RFX5 changes (step 2) in a way that enables the RFX complex to bind to DNA (step 3) and to recruit other proteins that are required for the transcription of MHC II genes" SIGNOR-221565 FBXO45 protein P0C2W1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001620 19581926 t miannu "The F-box protein FBXO45 promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of p73.Importantly, SCFFBXO45 ubiquitylates p73 both in vivo and in vitro. Expression of Cul1 dominant negative mutant, but not Cul2, Cul3, Cul4 and Cul5 dominant negative mutants, increased p73 levels (Figure 1c) to an extent similar to that observed in the ts41 cell line at not permissive temperature, suggesting that a Cul1-associated activity is required for p73 protein stability." SIGNOR-271878 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser403 ESLSQMLsMGFSDEG 9606 BTO:0000801 22921120 t llicata "Tbk-1 coordinated assembly and function of the autophagic machinery and phosphorylated the autophagic adaptor p62 (sequestosome 1) on ser-403, a residue essential for its role in autophagic clearance." SIGNOR-191944 ASPG protein Q86U10 UNIPROT ammonia smallmolecule CHEBI:16134 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24657844 t miannu "Recently, we structurally and biochemically characterized the enzyme human L-asparaginase 3 (hASNase3), which possesses L-asparaginase activity and belongs to the N-terminal nucleophile superfamily of enzymes. l-Asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1; l-asparagine amidohydrolase; l-ASNase2) are enzymes that primarily catalyze the conversion of l-asparagine (l-Asn) to l-aspartic acid (l-Asp) and ammonia, although some of them are able to also hydrolyze l-glutamine (l-Gln) to l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) and ammonia." SIGNOR-267539 RAD52 protein P43351 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 27649245 f lperfetto "Homologous recombination (HR) plays an important role in maintaining genomic integrity. It is responsible for repair of the most harmful DNA lesions, DNA double-strand breaks and inter-strand DNA cross-links. HR function is also essential for proper segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis, maintenance of telomeres, and resolving stalled replication forks. Defects in HR often lead to genetic diseases and cancer. Rad52 is one of the key HR proteins, which is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans| in mammals, Rad52 knockouts showed no significant DNA repair or recombination phenotype. |These new findings indicate an important backup role for Rad52, which complements the main HR mechanism in mammals." SIGNOR-251507 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT OSBP2 protein Q969R2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 30925160 t lperfetto "CK1a1, JNK1 and CDK1 had the highest site-specific activity for ORP4L, while CDK1, GSK3a, CK1a1 and GSK3b showed the highest specificity for the site when corrected for background activity with ORP4L-S4A. Because of the complexity of the serine/proline-rich site, we did not determine which serine(s) in ORP4L were phosphorylated by candidate kinases.|We conclude that phosphorylation of a unique serine/proline motif in the ORD induces a conformation change in ORP4L that enhances interaction with vimentin and cholesterol extraction from membranes." SIGNOR-264875 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 19436055 f apalma "Low pM concentrations of GM-CSF mediate βc Ser585 phosphorylation, leading to 14-3-3 binding, PI-3 kinase activation, and hemopoietic cell survival, whereas at concentrations of 10 pM or more, GM-CSF mediates βc Tyr577 phosphorylation, Shc recruitment, and PI-3 kinase activation, thereby promoting both survival and proliferation." SIGNOR-255576 SHMT1 protein P34896 UNIPROT glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32439610 t lperfetto "Serine catabolism initiated by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) transfers thegamma-carbon amino acid side chain to THF, forming glycine and 5,10-methylene-THF (me-THF) (Fig. 1). The cytosolic (SHMT1) and mitochondrial (SHMT2) isoforms perform the same reactions." SIGNOR-268223 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 14712210 t miannu "Phosphorylation of p53 at serine 37 is important for transcriptional activity and regulation in response to DNA damage| Furthermore, in vitro phosphatase assays show that PP2A dephosphorylates p53 at S37." SIGNOR-248584 WNT16 protein Q9UBV4 UNIPROT CHRNA1 protein P02708 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 22309736 f gcesareni "We identified five wnts (wnt9a, wnt9b, wnt10b, wnt11, and wnt16) that are able to stimulate achr clustering, of which wnt9a and wnt11 are expressed abundantly in developing muscles." SIGNOR-195969 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 20219869 f areggio "Furthermore, stimulation of myoblasts with CCL2, CCL3, or CCL4 was sufficient to induce phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2. This outcome may be functionally important because ERK1/2 activation is a component of the pathway through which many mitogenic growth factors can stimulate cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255120 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC20 protein Q16777 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265398 FBXO2 protein Q9UK22 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23604317 t miannu " FBXL2 interacts with the pool of p85β that is free of p110 PI(3)K catalytic subunits and targets this pool for ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation.This result suggests that FBXL2 localization to cell membranes facilitates substrate binding, which in turn stimulates CUL1 neddylation and activation of ubiquitin ligase activity." SIGNOR-271937 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser443 FLGQTPAsPARYSPV 9606 19066288 t llicata "We also show that dlg1 is phosphorylated by both cdk1 and cdk2 on ser158 and ser442. These phosphorylated sites together affect the nuclear localisation of the protein, and implicate the role of phosphorylation on ser158 and ser442 in its putative nuclear functions as a tumour suppressor. phosphorylation on ser158 and ser442 enhances nuclear expression of dlg1" SIGNOR-182765 tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29172 ChEBI Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270467 RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT TAB2 protein Q9NYJ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000661 16603398 t lperfetto "Taken together, these results indicate that polyubiquitination of RIP1 mediates the independent re- cruitment of TAB2 and NEMO, which in turn recruits TAK1 and IKK, respectively, to TNF-R1." SIGNOR-145861 RAD21 protein O60216 UNIPROT APOB protein P04114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25575569 t "The promoter region of APOB bound RAD21 but not RAD21 p.622 Ala>Thr; expression of wild-type RAD21 in HEK293 cells repressed expression of APOB, compared with control vector." SIGNOR-259974 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 21131905 t lperfetto "These results highlight the substrate and site specificities of hats in cells, demonstrate the distinct roles of gcn5/pcaf- and cbp/p300-mediated histone acetylations in gene activation, and suggest an important role of cbp/p300-mediated h3k18/27ac in nr-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-265322 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7330 RASSRRGsDASDFDL 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264435 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT NPC1L1 protein Q9UHC9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21123766 f miannu "Our results showed a positive correlation between changes in NPC1L1 and changes in both SREBP-2 and HNF-4α mRNA expression, a finding that supports the notion that these transcription factors stimulate intestinal NPC1L1 expression." SIGNOR-254460 SLC19A1 protein P41440 UNIPROT (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18608 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 10787414 t lperfetto "The differential polarized distribution of the reduced-folate transporter (RFT-1) and folate receptor alpha (FRalpha), the two proteins involved in the transport of folate, has been characterized in normal mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and in cultured human RPE cells." SIGNOR-268266 DLGAP1 protein O14490 UNIPROT SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264588 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 7736585 t gcesareni "D-type cyclins (cyclin d1, d2, or d3) and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk4, cdk6) connect signals from cytokines to the cell cycle machinery, and they propel cells through the g1 restriction point and into the s phase when activated by cyclin d1, cdk4 is able to phosphorylate prb," SIGNOR-32295 FANCG protein O15287 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263243 calcitriol smallmolecule CHEBI:17823 ChEBI propan-2-ol smallmolecule CHEBI:17824 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 30080183 t lperfetto "Homozygous mutations in the vitamin D 24-hydroxylase CYP24A1, the major enzyme responsible for inactivation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, lead to idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH)." SIGNOR-270573 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Pro-tRNA(Pro) smallmolecule CHEBI:29154 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269514 HOOK1 protein Q9UJC3 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000018 25331952 f miannu "The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process for embryogenesis. It also plays a critical role in the initiation of tumor metastasis.Overexpression of Hook1 inhibited EMT while knockdown of Hook1 promoted EMT." SIGNOR-260643 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser333 KGLVSPQsPQKSDCQ 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000785 9649500 t gcesareni "Here we show that antigen receptor activation leads to bcl-6 phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk). Phosphorylation, in turn, targets bcl-6 for rapid degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-58481 RET protein P07949 UNIPROT RET protein P07949 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr900 FGLSRDVyEEDSYVK 9606 14711813 t gcesareni "Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that ret tyr(900) was autophosphorylation site. Tyr900 can partially replace the function of tyr905 as a local switch for kinase activation" SIGNOR-121161 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1139 TCSPQPEyVNQPDVR -1 1706616 t " Y1023 and Y1248, Y1139 and Y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of HER2." SIGNOR-251127 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001544 19261608 t "The Abl kinase inhibitors and depletion of Bcr-Abl induced the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, which dephosphorylated Ser-473 on Akt1, -2, and -3, resulting in inhibited proliferation of CML cells.|Thus, Bcr-Abl represses the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 and continuously activates Akt1, -2, and -3 via phosphorylation on Ser-473, resulting in the proliferation of CML cells." SIGNOR-248331 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CALD1 protein Q05682 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser759 KTPDGNKsPAPKPSD 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 11983427 t amattioni "The actin binding properties of the minimal inhibitory region of caldesmon, residues 750-779, alter upon map kinase phosphorylation of ser-759. This phosphorylation leads to markedly diminished actin affinity." SIGNOR-86741 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser330 AGSTISNsHAQPFDF 10116 BTO:0000067 12270943 t lperfetto "We have examined the role of casein kinase 1 (CK1) in connexin-43 (Cx43) gap junction assembly. Cellular co-immunoprecipitation experiments and in vitro CK1 phosphorylation reactions indicate that CK1 interacted with and phosphorylated Cx43, initially on serine(s) 325, 328, or 330.| To examine CK1 function, normal rat kidney cells were treated with CKI-7, and Cx43 content was analyzed by Triton X-100 extraction, cell-surface biotinylation, and immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis indicated a slight increase in total Cx43, whereas gap junctional (Triton-insoluble) Cx43 decreased, and non-junctional plasma membrane Cx43 increased (as detected by cell surface biotinylation)." SIGNOR-249331 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser245 TRGSPNRsLPSPGVL 9606 15109498 t lperfetto "Here, we show that rsk2 is required for osteoblast differentiation and function. We identify the transcription factor atf4 as a critical substrate of rsk2 that is required for the timely onset of osteoblast differentiation, for terminal differentiation of osteoblasts, and for osteoblast-specific gene expression" SIGNOR-124436 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1948 SPTSPGYsPTSPTYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176841 PRIM1 protein P49642 UNIPROT "DNA primase complex" complex SIGNOR-C261 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24043831 t lperfetto "Here, we describe the crystal structure of human primase in heterodimeric form consisting of full-length catalytic subunit and a C-terminally truncated large subunit." SIGNOR-261339 sitaxentan chemical CHEBI:135736 ChEBI EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9171878 t miannu "Discovery of TBC11251, a potent, long acting, orally active endothelin receptor-A selective antagonist.The optimal compound discovered during these studies, 15q (TBC11251), binds competitively to human ETA receptors with a Ki of 0.43 +/- 0.03 nM and an IC50 of 1.4 nM (IC50 for ETB = 9800 nM). This compound inhibits ET-1-induced stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover with a Ki of 0.686 nM and a pA2 of 8.0." SIGNOR-258610 G6PC3 protein Q9BUM1 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266566 oxymetazoline chemical CHEBI:7862 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258460 Norzotepine chemical CID:10041551 PUBCHEM SLC6A2 protein P23975 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 20223878 t Luana "These results collectively demonstrate that norZTP exerts more potent inhibitory action than ZTP on norepinephrine transporters both in vitro and in vivo, presumably accounting for its antidepressant-like effect and low EPS propensity." SIGNOR-257831 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser293 GSTKRRKsMSGASPK 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "The signal for ubiquitination after uv and ir exposure is created by phosphorylation of cdc25a mediated by chk1 and chk2, respectively. Chk1 is a major kinase phosphorylating cdc25a (ser76/124) and cdc25c (ser216)." SIGNOR-163146 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC12 protein Q96KK5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265402 SCNN1B protein P51168 UNIPROT sodium(1+) chemical CHEBI:29101 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26772908 t miannu "The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is composed of three homologous subunits and allows the flow of Na(+) ions across high resistance epithelia, maintaining body salt and water homeostasis. ENaC dependent reabsorption of Na(+) in the kidney tubules regulates extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and blood pressure by modulating osmolarity." SIGNOR-269276 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 11823423 t "GRB2 is an adapter protein that provides a critical link between cell surface growth factor receptors and the Ras signaling pathway." gcesareni "The underlying mechanism seems to involve recruitment of a grb2 c-cbl complex to grb2-specific docking sites of egfr, and concurrent acceleration of receptor ubiquitylation and desensitization." SIGNOR-114704 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22083140 t lperfetto "In the absence of secreted wnt ligands, cytosolic beta-catenin is phosphorylated at ser45 by the priming kinase casein kinase 1 (ck1). Consequently, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3), in complex with axin and adenomatous polyposis coli (apc), phosphorylates beta-catenin at thr41, ser37, and ser33 apc cooperates with axin to promote the phosphorylation of b-catenin by gsk3 [which requires priming phosphorylation by casein kinase 1, alpha-isoform (ck1alpha)]" SIGNOR-227967 LY2940680 chemical CID:49848070 PUBCHEM SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193805 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 15340381 t gcesareni "P21 and p27 are key inhibitors of both cdk1 and cdk2." SIGNOR-128442 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr292 PQLQAHStPHPDDFA 9606 12734188 t lperfetto "Here we present evidence that thr292 of hrad9 is subject to cdc2-dependent phosphorylation in mitosis. Furthermore, our data are also consistent with four other hrad9 phosphorylation sites (ser277, ser328, ser336, and thr355) being regulated in part by cdc2. We also identify ser387 as a novel site of hrad9 constitutive phosphorylation and show that phosphorylation at ser387 is a prerequisite for one form of dna damage-induced hyperphosphorylation of hrad9." SIGNOR-101055 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT ASNS protein P08243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11960987 f miannu "Transcription from the asparagine synthetase (A.S.) gene is increased in response to either amino acid (amino acid response) or glucose (endoplasmic reticulum stress response) deprivation. the results provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence for a role of ATF4 in the transcriptional activation of the A.S. gene in response to nutrient deprivation." SIGNOR-253747 PCK2 protein Q16822 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24632615 t miannu "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) is a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Two isoforms exist, a cytoplasmic form (PCK1, PEPCK-C) and a mitochondrial isoform (PCK2, PEPCK-M). PEPCK activity is present at significant levels in the liver, but also in the kidney and in brown and white adipose tissue. PEPCK, which converts oxaloacetate (OAA) to PEP, has an important role in glucose formation, but also for the generation of glycerol and serine." SIGNOR-266556 TTBK1 protein Q5TCY1 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 GDRSGYSsPGSPGTP 9606 BTO:0000938 16923168 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Direct tau phosphorylation by ttbk1 at ser198, ser199, ser202 and ser422, which are also phosphorylated in phfs. Ttbk1 also induces tau aggregation in human neuronal cells in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ttbk1 is a neuron-specific dual kinase involved in tau phosphorylation at ad-related sites and is also associated with tau aggregation." SIGNOR-148970 PKLR protein P30613 UNIPROT phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266535 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser268 PQVRVGGsSVDLHRF 9606 21251911 t lperfetto "We find that ctnnd1/p120ctn phosphorylation at serine 268 (p-s268) occurs in a strictly pkc_-dependent manner,serine/threonine phosphorylation of p120-ctn has been reported to affect the integrity of ajs [12], [24] and [25]. Xia et al. (2003) reported that several residues (ser122, ser252, ser268, ser288, thr310, ser312, ser873, and thr910) in p120ctn can be either phosphorylated or dephosphorylated upon pkc activation" SIGNOR-171712 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr28 SLNQSSGyRYGTDPT -1 9425276 t "Activated Fyn furthermore undergoes autophosphorylation on Tyr30, Tyr39 and Tyr420. Tyr28 This site is also a Fyn autophosphorylation site When Fyn mutants with Tyr28, Tyr30 or Tyr39 replaced with phenylalanine residues were transfected into NIH3T3 cells a decreased activation after PDGF stimulation was seen, suggesting a functional importance of the N-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of Fyn." SIGNOR-251168 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17476214 t miannu "Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α integrates the mammalian clock and energy metabolism. Here we show that PGC-1alpha (Ppargc1a), a transcriptional coactivator that regulates energy metabolism, is rhythmically expressed in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice. PGC-1alpha stimulates the expression of clock genes, notably Bmal1 (Arntl) and Rev-erbalpha (Nr1d1), through coactivation of the ROR family of orphan nuclear receptors." SIGNOR-268031 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001412 10570290 t "GRB2 associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos activates Ras through the exchange of GDP for GTP" lperfetto "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85." SIGNOR-236792 NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20818436 t gcesareni "Numb activates the catalytic activity of itch, releasing it from an inhibitory intramolecular interaction between its homologous to e6-ap c-terminus and ww domains." SIGNOR-167844 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT HGS protein O14964 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr329 IDPELARyLNRNYWE 9606 12953068 t lperfetto "We have analysed hrs phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor (egf) stimulation and show that the evolutionary conserved tyrosines y329 and y334 provide the principal phosphorylation sitesover-expression of wild-type hrs or a double mutant, y329/334f, defective in egf-dependent phosphorylation, substantially retard egf receptor (egfr) degradation" SIGNOR-86689 "SB 505124" chemical CHEBI:100922 ChEBI ACVR1C protein Q8NER5 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206739 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0002314 18662193 f gcesareni "Shh reactivation plays a regulatory role on myogenesis, as its inhibition impairs the activation of the myogenic regulatory factors myf-5 and myod, decreases the up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor (igf)-1 and reduces the number of myogenic satellite cells at injured site." SIGNOR-179629 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR BID protein P55957 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267457 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser85 HQQPQSSsPVYGSSA 9606 14970194 t llicata "Here, we show that paxillin is phosphorylated by p38mapk in vitro and in nerve growth factor (ngf)-induced pc-12 cells. Ser 85 (ser 83 for endogenous paxillin) is identified as one of major phosphorylation sites by phosphopeptide mapping and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-122108 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DQB1 protein P01920 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253992 PTPMT1 protein Q8WUK0 UNIPROT "1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60110 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10090 21641550 t lperfetto "PGP is an essential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of cardiolipin, a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid regulating the membrane integrity and activities of the organelle. We further demonstrate that PTPMT1 specifically dephosphorylates PGP in vitro. Loss of PTPMT1 leads to dramatic diminution of cardiolipin, which can be partially reversed by the expression of catalytic active PTPMT1. Our study identifies PTPMT1 as the mammalian PGP phosphatase and points to its role as a regulator of cardiolipin biosynthesis." SIGNOR-267026 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CCL20 protein P78556 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22319003 t lperfetto "Combined stimulation with IL-6, sIL-6R, and IL-17 increased the recruitment of phosphorylated NF-B to the CCL20 promoter, increased binding of coactivators such as p300 and CBP, and enhanced H3 and H4 histone acetylation, consistent with a transcriptionally active gene." SIGNOR-271680 SV2A protein Q7L0J3 UNIPROT SYT1 protein P21579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26903854 t miannu "Recent studies have revealed that sybII and synaptotagmin-1 interact with other SV cargoes to ensure a high fidelity of retrieval. These cargoes are synaptophysin (for sybII) and SV2A (for synaptotagmin-1). SV2A Acts as an iTRAP to Direct Synaptotagmin-1 Retrieval to SVs." SIGNOR-264116 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT SLC2A4 protein P14672 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000887 9415393 f lperfetto "Studies in adipose cells have demonstrated that insulin stimulates its receptor to phosphorylate tyrosine residues in irs-1, leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which plays a necessary role in mediating the translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter glut4 to the cell surface." SIGNOR-236781 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr284 KIFPYEEyASWKTEK 9606 19114990 t gcesareni "Tbetarii can also be phosphorylated by src, a non-rtk, on y284, which can serve as a docking site for the recruitment of grb2 and shc, thereby bridging tbetarii to mapk activation." SIGNOR-182963 SYCP2 protein Q9BX26 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22394509 t miannu "The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure of chromosome bivalents whose assembly is indispensable for the successful progression of the first meiotic division of sexually reproducing organisms. four proteins were identified that locate specifically to the CE: SYCE1, SYCE2, SYCE3 and TEX12. These three proteins (SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3) are essential for synapsis initiation, as no CE-structures are formed in the absence of any of these proteins. The final step, i.e. synapsis extension over the entire length of the homologs, requires loading of both SYCE2 and TEX12. In their absence, short pieces of CE-like structures composed of SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3 are formed that, however, cannot mature to a SC central region." SIGNOR-264199 AHSA1 protein O95433 UNIPROT HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16696853 t miannu "The N-terminal region of Aha1 interacts with the central domain of Hsp90 and stimulates Hsp90 ATPase activity" SIGNOR-252212 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT EIF4G2 protein P78344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr508 AQPPRTQtPPLGQTP 9606 BTO:0000007 29530922 t miannu "To test whether CDK1 phosphorylates T508, Flag-DAP5 was purified from dox-induced HEK293 cells and incubated with active recombinant JNK2 or CDK1 in the presence of ATP (Fig. 3G). DAP5(T508) was phosphorylated only upon incubation with CDK1 (Fig. 3G)." SIGNOR-266387 FOXP2 protein O15409 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25232744 t miannu "By interacting with CASK, TBR1 regulates several ASD candidate genes, such as GRIN2B, AUTS2 and RELN—all of which are recurrently mutated in ASD. In areas of the brain with overlapping expression patterns, such as in glutamatergic layer 6 neurons, the TBR1–FOXP2 interaction may result in co-ordinated regulation of common downstream targets." SIGNOR-266834 NFE2 protein Q16621 UNIPROT HBD protein P02042 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000426 16287851 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "NF-E2 is a transcription activator for the regulation of a number of erythroid- and megakaryocytic lineage-specific genes. Here we present evidence that the large subunit of mammalian NF-E2, p45, is sumoylated in vivo in human erythroid K562 cells. we demonstrated by stable transfection assay that only the wild-type p45, but not its mutant form p45 (K368R), could efficiently rescue β-globin gene expression in the p45-null, erythroid cell line CB3. These data together point to a model of mammalian β-like globin gene activation by sumoylated p45/NF-E2 in erythroid cells." SIGNOR-251843 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT CFLAR protein O15519 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19597496 t "There are three isoforms of cellular FLIP (c-FLIP): FLIPL, FLIPS and FLIPR" gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that m. tuberculosis?induced Tnf triggered reactive oxygen species?dependent Activation of ask1 and the tyrosine kinase c-abl (a000161) in mouse macrophages and that flips was phosphorylated on tyr211 and ser4 by c-abl and p38, respectively." SIGNOR-187001 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr380 YAGGRGSyGDLGGPI 9606 12052863 t lperfetto "We show that hnrnp k and the c-src kinase specifically interact with each other, leading to c-src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of hnrnp k in vivo and in vitro. c-src-mediated phosphorylation reversibly inhibits the binding of hnrnp k to the differentiation control element (dice) of the lox mrna 3' untranslated region in vitro and specifically derepresses the translation of dice-bearing mrnas in vivo.We confirmed that tyr 230, 234, 236, and 380 are phosphorylated and identified two additional targets of c-src, tyr 72 and tyr 225 (data not shown)." SIGNOR-88915 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM1A protein O60341 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271573 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "transfer RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:17843 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-266143 POLR1C protein O15160 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266145 NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12805554 t miannu "E4BP4, ATF-6, OASIS, and XBP-1 all formed strong homodimeric associations on the array Transcription factor dimerization can increase the selectivity of protein-DNA interactions and generate a large amount of DNA binding diversity from a relatively small number of proteins" SIGNOR-224248 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser304 GAPPRRSsIRNAHSI 9606 BTO:0000130 10559253 t esanto "Akt phosphorylates p47phox and mediates respiratory burst activity in human neutrophils. A direct interaction between p47(phox) and akt was shown. Active recombinant akt phosphorylated recombinant p47(phox) in vitro. Mutation analysis indicated that 2 aa residues, ser(304) and ser(328), were phosphorylated by akt. Inhibition of akt activity also inhibited fmlp-stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis." SIGNOR-252586 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT IDH2 protein P48735 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr107 SALATQKySVAVKCA 9606 BTO:0001545 34289383 t lperfetto "FLT3 promotes mIDH2 acetylation through Y107 phosphorylation of mIDH2 that enhances ACAT1 recruitment," SIGNOR-267632 RNF4 protein P78317 UNIPROT KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" sumoylation 9606 33859667 t SaraGualdi "Hendriks and coworkers showed that, in response to alkylation damage by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), SUMOylated JARID1B (KDM5B) is ubiquitylated by the SUMOtargeted ubiquitin ligase RNF4 and degraded by the proteasome, whereas JARID1C (KDM5C) is SUMOylated and recruited to the chromatin to demethylate histone H3K4 (Hendriks et al., 2015)." SIGNOR-271575 POLR3F protein Q9H1D9 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266128 GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. The NMDA receptor subtypes are encoded by three gene families that process mRNA transcripts to yield six distinct subunits (NR1, NR2A-2D, NR3A). Receptors are thought to be tetrameric complexes of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits" SIGNOR-264121 STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT MOB1B protein Q7L9L4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr12 FGSRSSKtFKPKKNI 9606 23431053 t milica "Mob1, when phosphorylated by MST1/2, binds to the autoinhibitory motif in Lats1/2, which in turn leads to the phosphorylation of the Lats activation loop (Lats1 S909 and Lats2 S872) and thereby an increase of their kinase activity" SIGNOR-201290 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser78 PAYSRALsRQLSSGV 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "Purified pkg isoforms ia, ib, and ii all caused incorporation of phosphate in recombinant hsp27 at ser-78, ser-82, and thr-143, but not ser-15.These Studies indicate that hsp27 is a genuine substrate for pkg and that pkg may mediate inhibition of platelet aggregation through phosphorylation of hsp27 and subsequent prevent of actin polymerization" SIGNOR-186796 HLX protein Q14774 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20008130 t Luana "In this study, we have identified cell cycle regulatory genes as downstream targets of the homeobox gene HLX in cultured trophoblast cells, namely RB1, MYC, EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN. RB1 and MYC mRNA expression was increased with HLX inactivation, whereas EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN mRNA expression was decreased compared with mock-transfected control cells." SIGNOR-261623 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser259 SQRQRSTsTPNVHMV 9534 BTO:0004055 12801936 t miannu "Protein kinase A blocks Raf-1 activity by stimulating 14-3-3 binding and blocking Raf-1 interaction with Ras. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) blocks Raf-1 activation by stimulating its phosphorylation on serine 43 (Ser43), serine 233 (Ser233), and serine 259 (Ser259)." SIGNOR-250041 ATRX protein P46100 UNIPROT Immortality phenotype SIGNOR-PH47 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000584 26428317 f "Telomere length must be maintained for the immortalization of malignant cells […] alternative lengthening of telomeres status was perfectly correlated with the loss of expression of either α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) or death domain-associated (DAXX) protein in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors" SIGNOR-256595 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PSTPIP1 protein O43586 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr345 PERNEGVyTAIAVQE 10090 BTO:0004055 11163214 t gcesareni "These data suggest that Tyr-344 is a major c-Abl phosphorylation site, or that phosphorylation of Tyr-344 is required for subsequent phosphorylation at other tyrosine residues." SIGNOR-246219 BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11178121 t lperfetto "Bmps are dimeric proteins with a single inter-chain disulfide bond. The dimeric conformation is anabsolute requirement for the biological action and interaction with receptors" SIGNOR-236169 GPC6 protein Q9Y625 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31756413 t miannu "Based on results from in vitro experiments, we had previously proposed that GPC6 stimulates Hh signaling by interacting with Hh and Patched1 (Ptc1), and facilitating/stabilizing their interaction." SIGNOR-264029 DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 20626350 t lperfetto "The activity of MAPKs can be also regulated by a family of DUSPs (dual-specificity phosphatases)/MKPs (MAPK phosphatases), which dephosphorylate both phosphotyrosine and phosphothreonine residues MKPs 1, 4, 5 and 7 can dephosphorylate p38_ and p38_ in addition to JNK MAPKs. Importantly, some MKPs are transcriptionally up-regulated by stimuli that activate MAPK signalling, and are thought to play an important role limiting the extent of MAPK activation" SIGNOR-166571 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Thr455 ALGTPVLtPPTEAAS 9606 BTO:0000848 BTO:0001253 20959475 t lperfetto "Braf(v600e) signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and c-jun nh(2) terminal kinase-mediated activation of foxo4 via its phosphorylation on thr(223), ser(226), thr(447), and thr(451)." SIGNOR-252956 LAMTOR complex SIGNOR-C26 SIGNOR RAGAC complex SIGNOR-C113 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 20381137 t lperfetto "We identify the trimeric Ragulator protein complex as a new component of the mTORC1 pathway that interacts with the Rag GTPases, is essential for localizing them and mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface, and is necessary for the activation of the mTORC1 pathway by amino acids." SIGNOR-228155 PLK2 protein Q9NYY3 UNIPROT SNCB protein Q16143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 LMEPEGEsYEDPPQE 9606 19889641 t lperfetto "Polo-like kinase (plk) family (plk1, plk2, and plk3) phosphorylate alpha-syn and beta-syn specifically at ser-129 and ser-118, respectively. Polo-like kinase 2 (plk2) phosphorylates alpha-synuclein at serine 129 in central nervous system. The membrane association of pd-linked mutant alpha -synuclein, but not wild-type -synuclein, was increased by serine 129 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-189049 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT ACSS2 protein Q9NR19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser659 PGLPKTRsGKIMRRV 28820290 t lperfetto "This translocation is mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent ACSS2 Ser659 phosphorylation and subsequent exposure of the nuclear localization signal of ACSS2 to KPNA1/importin α5 for binding. In the nucleus, ACSS2 forms a complex with TFEB (transcription factor EB) and utilizes the acetate generated from histone deacetylation to locally produce acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation in the promoter regions of TFEB target genes." SIGNOR-271822 ACSL1 protein P33121 UNIPROT "hexadecanoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15756 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21242590 t miannu "Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) catalyze the thioesterification of long-chain FAs into their acyl-CoA derivatives. On the other hand, overexpression of ACSL1 resulted in large increases in oleoyl-CoA synthesis and palmitoyl-CoA synthesis in SMC lysates (Fig. 4A)." SIGNOR-267878 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 11460167 t lperfetto "The activity of tak1 to phosphorylate mkk6, which activates the jnk-p38 kinase pathway, is directly regulated by k63-linked polyubiquitination" SIGNOR-109497 UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15970593 t lperfetto "Therefore, we propose that SL1 directs PIC formation, functioning in core promoter binding, RNA polymerase I recruitment, and UBF stabilization and that SL1-promoter complex formation is a necessary prerequisite to the assembly of functional and stable PICs that include the UBF activator in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-269568 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr427 ELFDDPSyVNVQNLD 11075717 t "Insulin predominantly phosphorylates the Shc Tyr-317 residue. Phosphorylated Shc binds to Grb2 which forms a complex with Sos guanine nucleotide exchange factor for p21ras. " SIGNOR-251325 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr770 DSILRLQtWDEAVFR 9606 21068236 t lperfetto "Threonine at amino acid (aa) 770 and serine at aa 854 to 855 of rig-i are phosphorylated by casein kinase ii (ck2) in the resting state of the cell and dephosphorylated when cells are infected by rna virus. Mutation at aa position 770 or 854 to 855 of rig-i renders it constitutively active" SIGNOR-169408 Aldolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF75 SIGNOR "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266490 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT up-regulates sumoylation 9606 20016603 t gcesareni "Pias1 and pias4 are recruited to dna-damage sites and mediate 53bp1 recruitment and sumoylation." SIGNOR-162156 TBX21 protein Q9UL17 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000782 20154735 f azuccotti "Similarly, an increase in IL-10 expression was observed in mice deficient for the TH1 cell-specific transcription factor T-bet (also known as TBX21) that were infected with M.tuberculosis, suggesting that T-bet might have a role in the negative regulation of IL-10 expression by TH1 cells" SIGNOR-254524 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser370 TSVTPDVsDNEPDHY -1 12297295 t llicata "We used mass spectrometric methods to identify Ser(370) and Ser(385) as in vivo phosphorylation sites of PTEN. These sites also are phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro, and phosphorylation inhibits PTEN activity towards its substrate, PIP3. We also identify a novel in vivo phosphorylation site, Thr(366). " SIGNOR-251025 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257670 RNF13 protein O43567 UNIPROT SNAPIN protein O95295 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 22890573 t miannu " RNF13 directly interacted with snapin, a SNAP-25-interacting protein. Interestingly, snapin was ubiquitinated by RNF13 via the lysine-29 conjugated polyubiquitin chain, which in turn promoted the association of snapin with SNAP-25. Consistently, we found an attenuated interaction between snapin and SNAP-25 in the RNF13-null mice. Therefore, these results suggest that RNF13 is involved in the regulation of the SNARE complex, which thereby controls synaptic function." SIGNOR-272044 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser99 KEEEEGIsQESSEEE -1 2806554 t llicata "Sequence analysis of the native peptide (90-107) after treatment, which specifically converts phosphoserine residues to S-ethylcysteine, revealed that 70-80% of serine residues 102 and 103 were phosphorylated in vivo. Both residues were fully phosphorylated in vitro by incubation with casein kinase II. These results suggest that casein kinase II is involved in the regulation of HMG-I function in the cells. | After an 80 min incubation with CK-II, both serines were fully phosphorylated to 1 mol/mol and serine-99 to 0.3 mol/mol." SIGNOR-251006 MMP2 protein P08253 UNIPROT PZP protein P20742 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Thr718 PYVPQLGtYNVIPLN -1 9344465 t lperfetto "The complex formation was confirmed by the use of 125I-labeled matrix metalloproteinase-2. The cleavage sites in the ""bait"" regions following formation of high-molecular-weight complexes of matrix metalloproteinases with the alpha-macroglobulins were determined by protein sequence analysis. Pregnancy zone protein was cleaved at Thr693-Tyr694 and alpha2-macroglobulin at Gly679-Leu680 and Arg696-Leu697 by matrix metalloproteinase-2. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 cleaved alpha2-macroglobulin at the same site as matrix metalloproteinase-2, but cleavage of pregnancy zone protein was at Leu753-Ser754.|MMP-2 and MMP-9 cause a significant degradation of these bands and the background, a degradation which is prevented by both a2M and PZP." SIGNOR-261796 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 SSAGWKNsIRHNLSL 9606 18394876 t gcesareni "Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-178190 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR SERPINE1 protein P05121 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9606191 f lperfetto "Here we report the identification of smad3/smad4 binding sequences, termed caga boxes, within the promoter of the human pai-1 gene." SIGNOR-57776 UBQLN4 protein Q9NRR5 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 30612738 t lperfetto "These data suggest that MRE11 is one of probably many UBQLN4 interaction partners. >Particularly HRR is dependent on ATM activity (Dietlein et al., 2014). Here, we showed that UBQLN4 is an ATM substrate and that DSB sealing is markedly impaired in UBQLN4-depleted cells. HRR depends on a 5′-3′ DSB end resection, which is initiated by the MRE11 nuclease" SIGNOR-265077 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL 9606 16782899 t llicata "Met-mediated fak phosphorylation could further activate fak. Indeed, we found that met phosphorylates fak at its known phosphorylation sites, including tyr-576 and tyr-577, both of which are located in the activating loop within the catalytic domain" SIGNOR-147195 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1185 GTPPASTsPFSQLAA 9606 BTO:0001130 12163482 t lperfetto "Mapk also directly phosphorylates src-1 at thr1179 and ser1185. Phosphorylation of src-1 by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) is required for optimal progesterone receptor-dependent transcription and for functional cooperation with camp response element-binding protein-binding protein" SIGNOR-91139 ITGB5 protein P18084 UNIPROT "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253208 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2S protein Q16763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271309 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr1404 GREEFYStHPHFMTQ 9606 BTO:0000938 19824698 t lperfetto "We identified ser1403, thr1404, thr1410, thr1491 located within the roc domain, as well as thr1967 and thr1969 in the kinase domain, as the autophosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-188433 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser772 LFKKIFPsLELNITD 9606 BTO:0004553 24614225 t gianni "NMDA treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons causes recruitment of CYLD, as well as CaMKII, to the postsynaptic density (PSD), as shown by immunoelectron microscopy, […] Purified CaMKII phosphorylates CYLD on at least three residues (S-362, S-418, and S-772 on the human CYLD protein Q9NQC7-1) and promotes its deubiquitinase activity." SIGNOR-266441 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20974802 f gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6. External stimuli, which control the activity of mapks, such as phorbol esters and fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) control the choice of the lrp6-ppps/tp kinase and regulate the amplitude of lrp6 phosphorylation and wnt/beta-catenin-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-168998 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser122 NIIHGSDsVESAEKE -1 8810265 t miannu "For autophosphorylated rNm23-H1, phosphorylation was observed at serine 44 and on a fragment containing serines 120, 122, and 125.The biochemical function of Nm23 serine phosphorylation is unknown." SIGNOR-250301 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000848 SIGNOR-C13 11591705 t gcesareni "Rela was dephosphorylated by a purified pp2a core enzyme, a heterodimer formed by the catalytic subunit of pp2a (pp2ac) and pr65, in a concentration-dependent manner.These data suggest that the constitutive activation of rela in melanoma cells could be due, at least in part, to the deficiency of pp2a, which exhibits decreased dephosphorylation of nf-kappa b/rela." SIGNOR-110959 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 10228155 t gcesareni "Here we show that fwd1 (the mouse homologue of slimb/betatrcp), an f-box/wd40-repeat protein, specifically formed a multi-molecular complex with beta-catenin, axin, gsk-3beta and apc. Mutations at the signal-induced phosphorylation site of beta-catenin inhibited its association with fwd1. Fwd1 facilitated ubiquitination and promoted degradation of beta-catenin, resulting in reduced cytoplasmic beta-catenin levels." SIGNOR-67374 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT LIG1 protein P18858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser76 EEEDEALsPAKGQKP 9606 BTO:0000567 12851383 t lperfetto "We show that three residues (ser51, ser76, and ser91), which are part of cyclin-dependent kinase sites, are phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner." SIGNOR-103242 (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258458 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR INSIG2 protein Q9Y5U4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" 10090 21723501 f miannu "MTORC1 activation is not sufficient to stimulate hepatic SREBP1c in the absence of Akt signaling, revealing the existence of an additional downstream pathway also required for this induction. We provide evidence that this mTORC1-independent pathway involves Akt-mediated suppression of Insig2a, a liver-specific transcript encoding the SREBP1c inhibitor INSIG2." SIGNOR-256211 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr112 PGQIVETyTEEDPEG -1 11382764 t lperfetto "Identification of Src phosphorylation sites in the catenin p120ctn.Using selected tyrosine to phenylalanine p120 mutants as dominant negative reagents, it may now be possible to selectively block events postulated to be dependent on p120 tyrosine phosphorylation.combinations of Tyr _ Phe mutations at residues 96, 112, 228, 257, 280, 291, 296, and 302" SIGNOR-246480 PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser474 RTHFPQFsYSASIRE 9606 BTO:0001544 19261608 t "The Abl kinase inhibitors and depletion of Bcr-Abl induced the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, which dephosphorylated Ser-473 on Akt1, -2, and -3, resulting in inhibited proliferation of CML cells.|Thus, Bcr-Abl represses the expression of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 and continuously activates Akt1, -2, and -3 via phosphorylation on Ser-473, resulting in the proliferation of CML cells." SIGNOR-248328 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT Nucleosome complex SIGNOR-C371 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t lperfetto "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-265311 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT AXIN2 protein Q9Y2T1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 19759537 t lperfetto "Both tankyrase isoforms interact with a highly conserved domain of axin and stimulate its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-187975 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser446 PYPGIDLsQVYELLE 9606 BTO:0000938 9168116 t lperfetto "Ataxia telangiectasia mutant protein activates c-abl tyrosine kinase in response to ionizing radiation. Atm kinase domain corrects this defect, as it phosphorylates the c-abl tyrosine kinase in vitro at ser 465, leading to the activation of c-abl." SIGNOR-48818 HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT SLC2A3 protein P11169 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22706202 f miannu "CAV1 was shown to stimulate GLUT3 transcription via an HMGA1-binding site within the GLUT3 promoter. HMGA1 was found to interact with and activate the GLUT3 promoter and CAV1 increased the HMGA1 activity by enhancing its nuclear localization." SIGNOR-254427 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser6 sKKRKFVA 9606 19059439 t Manara "Here we show that PKCδ phosphorylates rpS3 resulting in its mobilization in the nucleus to repair damaged DNA" SIGNOR-260894 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2279 PVQPNPMsPQQHMLP 9606 17623675 t lperfetto "Serine residues (ser-2279, ser-2315, and ser-2366) on the c terminus of p300 were the major signaling targets of egf. Furthermore, the c-terminal serine phosphorylation of p300 stimulated its histone acetyltransferase activity these results also constituted the first report identifying the unique p300 phosphorylation sites induced by erk2 in vivo." SIGNOR-244533 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1647 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120000 FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14977528 t gcesareni "Gpcrs signal through four relatively small families of galfa proteins (galfas, galfai/o, galfaq, and galfa12/13), and if fzd receptors are classic gpcrs, they should signal through one of these four galfa families." SIGNOR-122895 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150 22056878 t "Lapatinib (INN), used in the form of lapatinib ditosylate, (USAN) (Tykerb/Tyverb, GSK) is an orally active drug for breast cancer and other solid tumours. It is a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor which interrupts the HER2/neu and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways." gcesareni "In estrogen-receptor-negative cellular models showing coamplification of erbb2 and rara, simultaneous targeting of the corresponding gene products with combinations of lapatinib and atra causes synergistic growth inhibition, cyto-differentiation and apoptosis." SIGNOR-177081 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PLSCR1 protein O15162 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr69 PVPNQPVyNQPVYNQ 9606 11390389 t lperfetto "C-abl tyrosine kinase binds and phosphorylates phospholipid scramblase 1. Phosphorylation was abolished by mutation of tyr residues tyr(69)/tyr(74) within the tandem repeat sequence (68)vynqpvynqp(77) of plscr1" SIGNOR-86013 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT CDCA3 protein Q99618 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18662541 t gcesareni "The phosphatase cdc14b translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and induces the activation of the ubiquitin ligase apc/ccdh1" SIGNOR-179664 HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257425 GRB10 protein Q13322 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001516 23246379 t "Grb10 transduces signal from FLT3 by direct interaction with p85 and Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD cells expressing Grb10 exhibits higher STAT5 activation" SIGNOR-255945 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser26 VETLRRGsKFIKWDE 10116 BTO:0004576 11278298 t lperfetto "PKG can directly phosphorylate PLC-beta2 and PLC-beta3 in vitro with purified proteins and in vivo with metabolic labeling. Phosphorylation of PLC-beta leads to the inhibition of G-protein-activated PLC-beta3 activity by 50-70% in COS-7 cell transfection assays. By using phosphopeptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis, we further identified two key phosphorylation sites for the regulation of PLC-beta3 by PKG (Ser(26) and Ser(1105)). Mutation at these two sites (S26A and S1105A) of PLC-beta3 completely blocked the phosphorylation of PLC-beta3 protein catalyzed by PKG." SIGNOR-249080 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT RPS3 protein P23396 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr221 KDEILPTtPISEQKG 9606 19059439 t gcesareni "Here we show that pkcdelta phosphorylates rps3 resulting in its mobilization in the nucleus to repair damaged dna. Phosphorylated rps3 was only detected in non-ribosomal rps3 and the repair endonuclease activity of rps3 was increased by its phosphorylation." SIGNOR-182623 FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT Muscle_atrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH40 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001103 20871233 f "Atrogin-1, but not MuRF-1, was induced at both the gene and protein level as ApcMin/+ mice aged from 3 to 6 months of age, going from a pre-cachectic to a cachectic state. Atrogin-1 mRNA and protein levels were also elevated in ApcMin/+ mice when we over-expressed IL-6 in the circulation." SIGNOR-255343 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 6239 SIGNOR-C15 17900900 t lperfetto "The energy sensor amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) has been shown to directly phosphorylate foxo factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the akt." SIGNOR-252983 GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 16757346 t miannu "We have found that Gem binds specifically to ROKβ in the coiled‐coil domain adjacent to the Rho binding site. The interaction between Gem and ROKβ leads to inhibition of MLC and MBS phosphorylation but not phosphorylation of LIMK, indicating that Gem exerts its effect by altering the substrate specificity of ROKβ" SIGNOR-261707 BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256974 POLR1E protein Q9GZS1 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266153 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser670 GPGAPPGsQPDYSAA 9606 21329876 t lperfetto "The atm kinase directly binds to and phosphorylates ksrp, leading to enhanced interaction between ksrp and pri-mirnas and increased ksrp activity in mirna processing" SIGNOR-172127 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser429 KEESVESsLPLNAIE 9606 BTO:0000007 19816404 t lperfetto "These data indicate that atm is responsible for directly phosphorylating s386 and s429 after dna damagemdm2 phosphorylation inhibits p53 poly ubiquitination" SIGNOR-188412 ZMYND11 protein Q15326 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 24675531 t miannu "We found that full-length BS69 specifically interacted with H3K36me3 in native nucleosome co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments. We propose that BS69 specifically associates with H3K36me3-enriched chromatin through the PWWP domain, which facilitates the recruitment of MYND-bound transcription and chromatin remodeling factors including EZH2, HDAC1, Brg1 and E2F6 to target gene loci, thereby repressing target gene transcription." SIGNOR-265353 POLR1B protein Q9H9Y6 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266154 NDUFV1 protein P49821 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262183 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000150 11043579 f gcesareni "Estrogen rapidly activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases, erk-1 and erk-2, via an as yet unknown mechanism." SIGNOR-83280 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser171 PLCLSPAsSGSSASF 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252318 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 GGLPEVAtPESEEAF 9606 7816602 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the c-fos and c-jun hob1 motif stimulates its activation capacity here we show that the hob1-containing activation domain of c-fos is stimulated by ha-ras in vivo and phosphorylated by a map kinase family member in vitro and that mutating t232 to ala abolishes both functions." SIGNOR-252359 GAN protein Q9H2C0 UNIPROT ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 30770803 t miannu "Here we identify Gigaxonin24, an E3 ligase mutated in a fatal neurodegenerative disease called giant axonal neuropathy (GAN)25, as the first regulator of ATG16L1. Gigaxonin poly-ubiquitinates and controls the degradation of ATG16L1, and is essential to activate autophagy." SIGNOR-268948 3-(4-Methylphenyl)-5-(1-propyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-5-yl)-1,2-oxazole chemical CID:9817231 PUBCHEM SIGMAR1 protein Q99720 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 9144641 t Federica "PD144418 exhibited an affinity for ơ1 of 0.08nM(Ki) versusa Ki of 1377nM for ơ2 site." SIGNOR-261114 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NDRG1 protein Q92597 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr366 GTRSRSHtSEGAHLD 9606 BTO:0000567 18787837 t llicata "Transient expression of active (sgk1-s422d) and inactive (sgk1-k127a) sgk1 mutants confirmed that activating sgk1 stimulates ndrg1-thr(346/356/366) phosphorylation. dexamethasone (0.2 mum) acutely activated sgk1 and the peak of this response (2-3 h) coincided with the induction of g (na), and both responses were pi3k-dependent. While these data suggest that sgk1 might mediate the rise in g (na), transient expression of the inactive sgk1-k127a mutant did not affect the hormonal induction of g (na) but did suppress the activation of sgk1." SIGNOR-180829 "phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37328 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18249092 t gcesareni "Furthermore, overall PKB activity, primarily consisting of cytosolic enzyme, was dependent upon levels of PI(3,4)P2, while only membrane-associated PKB activity was dependent upon PI(3,4,5)P3 levels. We conclude that PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 have distinct roles in determining PKB phosphorylation and activity. Thus, when investigating PI3K-PKB pathways, the importance of both lipids must be considered" SIGNOR-252432 tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29161 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16429158 t miannu "YARS (also known as TyrRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism. Tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl-adenylate and is then transferred to tRNATyr" SIGNOR-270524 PDK1 protein Q15118 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser232 NRYGMGTsVERAAAS -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109547 GRPR protein P30550 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257247 NPFFR2 protein Q9Y5X5 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257104 IL22RA2 protein Q969J5 UNIPROT IL22 protein Q9GZX6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11390453 t gcesareni "Il-22 mediates inflammation and binds class ii cytokine receptor heterodimers il-22 ra1/crf2-4." SIGNOR-86113 IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT MGMT protein P16455 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000711 17564708 f miannu "we observed that IFN-beta sensitized TMZ-resistant glioma cells with the unmethylated MGMT promoter and that the mechanism of action was possibly due to attenuation of MGMT expression via induction of TP53. In this context, IFN-beta inactivates MGMT via p53 gene induction and enhances the therapeutic efficacy to TMZ." SIGNOR-255438 MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 8288123 f miannu "The myogenic regulators myod, myogenin, myf5, and mrf4 share -80% amino acid identity within a basic helix-loop--helix (bhlh) motif that mediates dimerization and dna binding. / myogenic bhlh proteins form heterodimers with ubiquitous bhlh proteins, known as e proteins, and activate the transcription of muscle-specific genes by binding to the e-box consensus sequence (canntg) in muscle gene promoters and enhancers." SIGNOR-37409 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 FYTLNGSsVDSQPQS 9606 BTO:0004553 24614225 t gianni "NMDA treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons causes recruitment of CYLD, as well as CaMKII, to the postsynaptic density (PSD), as shown by immunoelectron microscopy, […] Purified CaMKII phosphorylates CYLD on at least three residues (S-362, S-418, and S-772 on the human CYLD protein Q9NQC7-1) and promotes its deubiquitinase activity." SIGNOR-266434 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF128 protein Q8TEB7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270953 DOCK3 protein Q8IZD9 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260548 tadalafil chemical CHEBI:71940 ChEBI PDE11A protein Q9HCR9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000815 21189023 t Luana "All of the final compounds and intermediates synthesized were screened for in vitro tumor cell growth inhibition activity using the human MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cell line and for inhibition of recombinant human PDE5 at a single concentration of 10 μM. For compounds showing >60% inhibition, the IC50 was determined by testing a range of eight concentrations with quadruple replicates per concentration, tadalafil used as a positive control.| Conversely, tadalafil possessed a selectivity index of just 16.6 for PDE5 versus PDE11" SIGNOR-257888 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr4473 VEIGNPTyKMYEGGE 9606 18381291 t lperfetto "The observation that the wild type protein was phosphorylated to a higher level than the y4473f mutant again indicates that phosphorylation of the tyr4473 residue by v-src is occurring in these cellsmutation of tyr4473 to alanine, which abolishes snx17 binding, resulted in impaired receptor recycling and reduced amounts of the mature form of lrp1 on the cell surface" SIGNOR-178159 TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser467 SVRCSSMs 9534 9346908 t lperfetto "Recently, it was demonstrated that Smad2 interacts transiently with and is a direct substrate of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor, TbetaRI. Phosphorylation sites on Smad2 were localized to a carboxyl-terminal fragment containing three serine residues at positions 464, 465, and 467. These results indicate that receptor-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 on serines 465 and 467 is required in mammalian cells to permit association with Smad4 and to propagate TGF-_ signals." SIGNOR-235995 Axonemal_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF66 SIGNOR Microtubule-based_movement phenotype SIGNOR-PH170 SIGNOR up-regulates 16440056 f lperfetto "Dyneins are large multi-subunit protein complexes that undertake a wide range of roles within the cell. They are adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–driven, microtubule minus-end-directed molecular motors that can be divided, based on function, into two classes: axonemal and cytoplasmic dyneins" SIGNOR-265020 P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257435 FOXO6 protein A8MYZ6 UNIPROT TRIM63 protein Q969Q1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 21798082 f lperfetto "Foxo factors are required for the transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, also called muscle atrophy f-box (mafbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (murf1), leading to the ubiquitylation of myosin and other muscle proteins, and their degradation via the proteasome." SIGNOR-236567 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser40 RRTDALTsSPGRDLP 9606 19647517 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of mcm2 by cdc7 promotes pre-replication complex assembly during cell-cycle re-entry" SIGNOR-187392 "Host translation inhibitor nsp1" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037309 UNIPROT IRF7 protein Q92985 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 17715225 f miannu "SARS-CoV nsp1 inhibits virus-dependent activation of IRF3 and IRF7." SIGNOR-262504 DIO1 protein P49895 UNIPROT 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 1400883 t scontino "The type I 5' iodothyronine deiodinase (5' DI) catalyzes the deiodination of T4 to the biologically active hormone T3 and accounts for a significant fraction of its production." SIGNOR-266945 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 18596912 t lperfetto "The genomic activity of ppargamma is modulated, in addition to ligand binding, by phosphorylation of a serine residue by mapks, such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (erk-1/2), or by nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization through the erk activators mapk kinases-1/2 (mek-1/2). These mapks phosphorylate (in humans) ser 84 in the ppargamma1 and ser 114 in ppargamma2 isoform" SIGNOR-179407 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT RAP1GAP protein P47736 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser525 AGQKTPDsGHVSQEP 9606 25329897 t lperfetto "Plk1 phosphorylates ser525 in conserved 524dsghvs529 degron of rap1gap and promotes its interaction with _-trcp. Together, these results further support a model in which plk1, but not cdk1 or gsk-3_-mediated phosphorylation of rap1gap is a prerequisite for mitotic degradation." SIGNOR-205577 TLR2 protein O60603 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t scontino "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-266746 MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT MXD3 protein Q9BW11 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7954804 t 2 miannu "the role MAX plays in transcription is thought to be primarily as a cofactor for DNA binding. In this capacity, however, it appears to be essential for most, if not all, the known biological activities of MYC. MAX also functions as a cofactor for DNA binding for a group of bHLHZip proteins related to MYC, including MNT, MXD1-4 (formerly Mad1, Mxi1, Mad3 and Mad4), and MGA. Like MYC, these proteins do not homodimerize and appear to be incapable of binding DNA on their own, but when bound to MAX, they recognize E-box sequences." SIGNOR-240393 L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30158707 t miannu "Glutamine synthetase, encoded by the gene GLUL, is an enzyme that converts glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. certain cell types express glutamine synthetase (GS; also called glutamate-ammonia ligase; GLUL), the enzyme capable of de novo glutamine production from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP and Mg2+/Mn2+ requiring reaction." SIGNOR-267822 CDCA5 protein Q96FF9 UNIPROT WAPL protein Q7Z5K2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 7227 21111234 t lperfetto "We show that DNA replication and cohesin acetylation promote binding of Sororin to cohesin, and that Sororin displaces Wapl from its binding partner Pds5. " SIGNOR-265266 FGG protein P02679 UNIPROT VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 2243140 t Regulation miannu "Fibrinogen y-chain carboxyterminal (GQQHHLGGAKQAGDV) peptides inhibit fibrinogen, fibronectin (Fn), vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to the platelet glycoprotein Ilb-Illa complex (GP lIbII1a)." SIGNOR-251968 FFAR4 protein Q5NUL3 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257158 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT CKAP2 protein Q8WWK9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser628 FLTPVRRsRRLQEKT 9606 20458174 t lperfetto "Here, we report that tmap is a novel substrate of the aurora b kinase. Ser627 of tmap was specifically phosphorylated by aurora b both in vitro and in vivo. Nearly all mutations at the phosphorylation motif had dramatic effects on the subcellular localization of tmap." SIGNOR-165410 MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr175 GPEDQAVtEYVATRW 9606 16336213 t lperfetto "Erk8 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 8) expressed in escherichia coli or insect cells was catalytically active and phosphorylated at both residues of the thr-glu-tyr motif.Our results suggest that the activity of erk8 in transfected hek-293 cells depends on the relative rates of erk8 autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-142969 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 10097108 f gcesareni "Atm also contributes to the cdc25c activity, particularly in ir-damaged cells, by activating chk2." SIGNOR-65966 SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "4.1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C386 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 33187473 t lperfetto "The cytoskeleton plays a key role in maintaining the morphology and function of erythrocyte membranes. Many proteins, such as ankyrin, spectrin alpha- and beta-chains, proteins 4.1, or 4.1R and actin, cover the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane to form two protein complexes, the ankyrin and protein 4.1 complex| the latter consists of Band 3 dimers binding Adducins alpha and beta, Glycophorin C, GLUT1 and Stomatin [15, 16]" SIGNOR-266038 "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266577 MCHR2 protein Q969V1 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257334 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser276 PQRSRSPsPQPSSHV 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248690 "Class I MHC:Antigen" complex SIGNOR-C426 SIGNOR Cytotoxic_T-lymphocyte_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH195 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31810556 f scontino "High-affinity peptide/MHC class I complexes that successfully pass the aforementioned “quality controls” will be transported through the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane to elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses." SIGNOR-267875 G6PC2 protein Q9NQR9 UNIPROT α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266565 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT HAND1 protein O96004 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser98 RLGRRKGsGPKKERR 10116 BTO:0001556 14636580 t miannu "In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation studies show that both PKA and PKC can phosphorylate HAND1 and -2. T107; S109 within helix I and S98 within the basic domain, are the phosphorylated residues. We determined that modification of HAND1 at residues 107 and 109 affects dimerization affinities with E-proteins, thus changing the bHLH dimer equilibrium within the cell. These modifications also affect HAND1 function." SIGNOR-249990 ARHGAP30 protein Q7Z6I6 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260487 GHSR protein Q92847 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256782 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 25910399 f "Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory agents to treat inflammatory and immune diseases [.. }The dogma that transrepression of genes, by tethering of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to DNA-bound pro-inflammatory transcription factors, is the main anti-inflammatory mechanism, is now challenged." SIGNOR-266901 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT HEYL protein Q9NQ87 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 11044625 f gcesareni "These data confirm heyl as a notch1 target gene that is likely involved in somite formation and patterning." SIGNOR-83399 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT EIF4G3 protein O43432 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1156 NTFMRGGsSKDLLDN 9606 14507913 t llicata "Endogenous eIF4GII immunoprecipitated from HEK293T cells was phosphorylated by CaMKI, in vitro as was a recombinant fragment of eIF4GII encompassing the central and C-terminal regions. The latter phosphorylation occurred with favorable kinetics (Km = 1 microm; kcat = 1.8 s-1) at a single site, Ser1156, located in a segment of eIF4GII aligning with the phosphoregion of eIF4GI. Phosphopeptide mapping and back phosphorylation experiments revealed [Ca2+]i-dependent, CaMKI site-specific, eIF4GII phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-250613 LPCAT4 protein Q643R3 UNIPROT 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine chemical CHEBI:58168 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272772 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DEK protein P35659 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser32 MPGPREEsEEEEDED 9606 16809543 t amattioni "Dek phosphorylated at serines 19 and 32. Dek and its phosphorylation are required for intron removal" SIGNOR-147365 UBQLN2 protein Q9UHD9 UNIPROT Stress_granules phenotype SIGNOR-PH124 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0001976 26521126 f lperfetto "We report that UBQLN2 up-regulation cause a cellular stress which leads to MAPK activation. Interestingly, kinases have been recently shown to have a critical role in TDP-43 accumulation in stress granules following a chronic stress" SIGNOR-262266 STX11 protein O75558 UNIPROT "STX11-SNAP23 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C272 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 22767500 t lperfetto "Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that syntaxin-11 can form SNARE complexes with both VAMP-8 and SNAP-23. " SIGNOR-261894 PAF1 protein Q8N7H5 UNIPROT PAF1C complex SIGNOR-C471 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20178742 t miannu "Human PAF1C was affinity purified from a FLAG-hPAF1 HeLa cell line and found to contain homologues (hCTR9, hLEO1, hPAF1, hCDC73 and hRTF1) of the five yeast PAF1C subunits, as well as the SKI8 subunit unique to hPAF1C (Figure 1A). " SIGNOR-269833 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser721 PVVSGDTsPRHLSNV 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249346 DDX21 protein Q9NR30 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 21703541 t miannu "We demonstrated here that DDX1-DDX21-DHX36 represents a dsRNA sensor that uses the adaptor molecule TRIF to activate the NF-κB pathway and type I IFN responses in dendritic cells. Our study suggests that the DDX1-DDX21-DHX36 complex represents this missing poly I:C sensor, which uses DDX1 to bind poly I:C and uses DDX21 and DXH36 to bind TRIF. Poly I:C is a synthetic form of RNA that mimics double-stranded viral RNA." SIGNOR-260192 GATAD2B protein Q8WXI9 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263845 ethanol chemical CHEBI:16236 ChEBI GLRA2 protein P23416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 8355 BTO:0000964 8700149 t miannu "Pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol (10-200 mM) reversibly potentiated the glycine receptor function in all receptors. Ethanol potentiation depended on the glycine concentration used, with decreased potentiation observed at higher glycine concentrations." SIGNOR-258496 "D1-D2-G-X3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C301 SIGNOR RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 23438602 t lperfetto "We examined the effect of XRCC3 depletion on redistribution of RAD51 upon IR damage|Interestingly, cells expressing the XRCC3 S225A phosphomutant showed compromised chromatin loading of RAD51 upon IR damage (Fig. 4G) while the nuclear and cytosolic fractions of RAD51 were largely unchanged|It is likely that BRCA2 may directly participate in RAD51 recruitment and XRCC3 may stabilize the RAD51 filament which is in part mediated by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-263259 HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256864 POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266160 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr453 SGPIIIRtPTVGPNG 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 14593115 t gcesareni "We showed that perifosine activates the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and this activation promotes the phosphorylation of sp1 in known mitogen-activated protein kinase residues (threonine 453 and 739), thereby leading to increased sp1 binding and enhanced p21(waf1/cip1) transcription." SIGNOR-248066 CLIP1 protein P30622 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 17889670 t lperfetto "Microtubule plus end binding proteins (+TIPs) localize to the dynamic plus ends of microtubules, where they stimulate microtubule growth and recruit signaling molecules. Three main +TIP classes have been identified (XMAP215, EB1, and CLIP-170)" SIGNOR-264832 HMOX1 protein P09601 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26722274 f irozzo "The results of the present study indicated that knockdown of HMOX-1 significantly enhanced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in breast cancer cells." SIGNOR-256304 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM58 protein Q8NG06 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270977 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 10090 15306821 t lperfetto "Nevertheless, s6k1-deficient mice remain sensitive to insulin owing to the apparent loss of a negative feedback loop from s6k1 to insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs1), which blunts s307 and s636/s639 phosphorylation; thus under conditions of nutrient satiation s6k1 negatively regulatesinsulin." SIGNOR-127908 TRPM6 protein Q9BX84 UNIPROT TRPM6 protein Q9BX84 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1851 FNQVKPQtIPYTPRF 9606 18258429 t Manara "Autophosphorylation of Threonine1851 in the Kinase Domain Is Essential for the Inhibitory Effect of RACK1" SIGNOR-260922 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 9753670 f gcesareni "Differential activation of Myf5 and MyoD by different Wnts in explants of mouse paraxial mesoderm and the later activation of myogenesis in the absence of Myf5" SIGNOR-60471 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12270934 t "inferred from 70% of family members" lperfetto "Mek1 as indicated by extensive phosphorylation of erk1 and erk2 during the initial 2 h of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-269913 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1981 SLAFEEGsQSTTISS 9606 15510216 t "Ionizing radiation induces autophosphorylation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase on serine 1981; however, the precise mechanisms that regulate ATM activation are not fully understood. Here, we show that the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) induces autophosphorylation of ATM on serine 1981 in unirradiated cells at concentrations that inhibit protein phosphatase 2A-like activity in vitro." SIGNOR-248644 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser359 EERQTQRsKPQPAVP 9606 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89205 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC21 protein Q8IUE6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265406 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PDE3B protein Q13370 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 VIRPRRRsSCVSLGE 9606 10454575 t esanto "Pde3b is a physiological substrate of akt and that akt-mediated phosphorylation of pde3b on serine-273 is important for insulin-induced activation of pde3b." SIGNOR-252583 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8381049 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Activated map kinase phosphorylates cpla2 at ser-505, causing increased enzymatic activity of cpla2, which is only realized upon translocation of cpla2 to the membrane." SIGNOR-270192 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22621922 t gcesareni "The kinase vrk1 is activated by dna double strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation (ir) and specifically phosphorylates 53bp1 in serum-starved cells." SIGNOR-197622 SLC36A1 protein Q7Z2H8 UNIPROT proline smallmolecule CHEBI:26271 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12748860 t lperfetto "Both PAT1 and PAT2 mediate 1:1 symport of protons and small neutral amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.|The first member of the SLC36 family, present in both intracellular and plasma membranes, was identified independently as a lysosomal amino acid transporter (LYAAT1) responsible for the export of lysosomal proteolysis products into the cytosol and as a proton/amino acid transporter (PAT1) responsible for the absorption of amino acids in the gut." SIGNOR-264741 SPRY2 protein O43597 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12414790 f gcesareni "Therefore, we conclude that an increase in soluble ptp1b activity contributes to the anti-migratory, but not anti-mitogenic, actions of hspry2." SIGNOR-95313 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR NRXN2 protein Q9P2S2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11470830 t miannu "In brain, dystroglycan and dystrophin are expressed on neurons and astrocytes, and some muscular dystrophies cause cognitive dysfunction. Our data indicate that dystroglycan is a physiological ligand for neurexins and that neurexins' tightly regulated interaction could mediate cell adhesion between brain cells. these results suggest that α- and β-neurexins represent ligands for dystroglycan via interactions of their LNS domains, analogous to interaction of the LNS-domain in laminin, agrin, and perlecan with dystroglycan." SIGNOR-265448 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22153608 t "Runx family members play key roles in regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation during bone formation, and therefore the regulation of Runx activity by TAZ or YAP affects mesenchymal stem cell differentiation." gcesareni "Taz binding to the transcription factor runx2 promotes osteoblast lineage specification, whereas taz binding to the transcription factor ppargamma inhibits adipogenesis." SIGNOR-195218 ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256978 GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT GLI1/GLI2 complex SIGNOR-C450 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000304 32766732 t "GLI2 and GLI1 heterodimerize via the Zn-finger domain" SimoneGraziosi "GLI1 and GLI2 were shown to co-immunoprecipitate in PANC1 pancreatic cancer cells and RMS13 rhabdomyosarcoma cells.|Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GLI1 and GLI2 occupied the same regions at the BCL2, MYCN and CCND1 promoters. Furthermore, depletion of GLI1 inhibited GLI2 occupancy at these promoters, suggesting that GLI1/GLI2 interaction is required for the recruitment of GLI2 to these sites." SIGNOR-269209 LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT Membrane_blebbing phenotype SIGNOR-PH24 SIGNOR up-regulates 23401537 f lperfetto "Mammalian lamin meshworks consist of two types of lamin proteins, A type and B type, and it has been reported that nuclear blebs are enriched in A-type lamins." SIGNOR-83706 PDP1 protein Q9P0J1 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16510868 t lpetrilli "We show that the mammalian pdps are important in dephosphorylation of bmp-activated smad1 but not tgf-beta-activated smad2 or smad3. Thus, pdps specifically inactivate smads in the bmp/dpp pathway. [...] These observations suggest that pdp1 and pdp2 are important for dephosphorylation of smad1." SIGNOR-144876 sonidegib chemical CHEBI:90863 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000527 21679342 t gcesareni "Cyclopamine with improved solubility (ipi-926), smo inhibitors that considerably differ in structure from cyclopamine (gdc-0499, lde225, bms-833923, xl-139, pf-0449913), inhibitors of the transformation of inactive smo into active smo (sant 74-75), and inhibitors of the transport of cytoplasmic inactive smo to cilia (sant 1-4) have been developed to date." SIGNOR-174593 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 20223878 t Luana "These results collectively demonstrate that norZTP exerts more potent inhibitory action than ZTP on norepinephrine transporters both in vitro and in vivo, presumably accounting for its antidepressant-like effect and low EPS propensity." SIGNOR-257829 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr507 KFRTKSRtWAGEKSK 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "The signal for ubiquitination after uv and ir exposure is created by phosphorylation of cdc25a mediated by chk1 and chk2, respectively. Chk1 is a major kinase phosphorylating cdc25a (ser76/124) and cdc25c (ser216). regulation;btrc(induces);14-3-3 beta(induces);apoptosis, altered;14-3-3 beta(induces);ccna1(disrupts);cdk2(disrupts);cdk1(disrupts);ccnb1(disrupts);" SIGNOR-163154 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 27337441 t lperfetto "Recent reports show that in mice the microbiome, comprising commensal microorganisms that colonize body surfaces, promotes a partial and low-grade M1-like phenotype in macrophages throughout the body, including those in lymphoid organs (119, 120). This M1-like priming of macrophages induces chromatin remodeling with increased H3K4me3 marks at Ifnb, Il6, and Tnf promoters, which is associated with increased binding of NF-κB p65, IRF3, and Pol II upon cell stimulation" SIGNOR-251737 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr355 EPSTVPGtPPPKKFR 9606 12734188 t lperfetto "Here we present evidence that thr292 of hrad9 is subject to cdc2-dependent phosphorylation in mitosis. Furthermore, our data are also consistent with four other hrad9 phosphorylation sites (ser277, ser328, ser336, and thr355) being regulated in part by cdc2. We also identify ser387 as a novel site of hrad9 constitutive phosphorylation and show that phosphorylation at ser387 is a prerequisite for one form of dna damage-induced hyperphosphorylation of hrad9." SIGNOR-101059 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser265 QKVAERRsSPLLRRK 9606 22865920 t lperfetto "We define the precise site of aurb-mediated phosphorylation as a conserved serine within the nuclear localization signals of hdac4, hdac5, and hdac9 at ser265, ser278, and ser242, respectivelyduring mitosis, aurb-mediated phosphorylation may localize class iia hdacs to a phosphorylation gradient at the spindle midzone, permitting temporal and spatial regulatory mechanisms altering hdac protein interactions" SIGNOR-198646 "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257709 1-methyl-5-[[2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-pyridinyl]oxy]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-benzimidazolamine chemical CHEBI:91451 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258098 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t lperfetto "Upon dephosphorylation by calcineurin, nfatc2, also referred to as nfatp/nfat1, translocates to the nucleus where it directly associates with mef2a and -d. Nfatc2 stimulates mef2-dependent transcription by facilitating recruitment of the p300 coactivator to mef2-response elements." SIGNOR-117586 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000848 12793438 t lperfetto "The ski and snon protein family associate with and repress the activity of smad2, smad3, and smad4, three members of the tgf-fl signaling pathway" SIGNOR-236074 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270617 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr453 ASHVDNEySQPPRNS -1 11298344 t "Tyrosine-mutated CD5 molecules have been used to show that residues Y429 and Y463 are targeted in vivo by protein tyrosine kinases following cell stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb or pervanadate. This is in agreement with data from direct in vitro kinase assays using purified recombinant Lck and Fyn protein tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-251151 SFRP1 protein Q8N474 UNIPROT WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 10347172 t gcesareni "Frp inhibits wnt signaling through interactions with wnt and/or formation of nonfunctional complexes with the frizzled receptor. here we demonstrate that frza, a sfrp that is highly expressed in vascular endothelium and a variety of epithelium, specifically binds to wnt-1 protein, but not wnt-5a protein, and modulates wnt-1 signaling." SIGNOR-67806 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1165 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 8940173 t lperfetto "Src phosphorylates the insulin-like growth factor type i receptor on the autophosphorylation sites. Requirement for transformation by srcsrc kinase can substitute for the receptor kinase in phosphorylating and activating the igf-i receptor" SIGNOR-45126 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SCRIB protein Q14160 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1445 PSPTSRQsPASPPPL 9606 BTO:0000007 20622900 t miannu "HScrib is a substrate of ERK and PKA. Under normal growth conditions, hScrib is phosphorylated at S853, most likely by ERK, and at S1445 by PKA. Interestingly, stimulation of MAPK by osmotic stress results in a marked loss of phosphorylation at the PKA site S1445, but a concomitant increase in phosphorylation at S1448, presumably also by ERK. At present, we have no information as to what are the functional consequences of ERK or PKA phosphorylation of hScrib. However, we can speculate that this will most likely affect the ability of hScrib to interact with some of its cellular partners, and studies are currently in progress to investigate these aspects further." SIGNOR-263066 adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:33568 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Of the agonists studied here, there was a general trend that those with highest intrinsic efficacy were so across all three receptor subtypes (i.e. at the top of Tables 3–5, e.g. fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol and adrenaline)" SIGNOR-257878 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268910 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257236 NBR1 protein Q14596 UNIPROT GABARAPL2 protein P60520 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19250911 t gcesareni "We performed glutathione s-transferase (gst) pull-down assays using extracts from hek293 cells overexpressing an ha-tagged nbr1(d50r) mutant, which lacks the ability to bind p62 (lamark et al., 2003) (figures s1a and s1b, available online), and gst fusions of six human atg8 homologs: gabarap, gabarapl1, gabarapl2, lc3a, lc3b, and lc3c. Indeed, nbr1 interacted with all these members of the mammalian atg8 protein family." SIGNOR-184267 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 t "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-256105 F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "Factor Va-Xa" complex SIGNOR-C318 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 2026608 t lperfetto "The binding of factor Xa to factor Va in the presence of Ca2+ ions and phospholipid is fundamental for the activation of prothrombin to thrombin. |Regardless of which protein was labeled, a factor Xa-Va complex (s20,w = 9.8) was formed. The interaction is specific and reversible. I" SIGNOR-263557 AFF2 protein P51816 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17135274 t miannu "Here, we provide the first evidence for a direct role of AF4 in the regulation of transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). We demonstrate that mouse Af4 functions as a positive regulator of Pol II transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) kinase and, in complex with MLL fusion partners Af9, Enl and Af10, as a mediator of histone H3-K79 methylation by recruiting Dot1 to elongating Pol II. These pathways are interconnected and tightly regulated by the P-TEFb-dependent phosphorylation of Af4, Af9 and Enl which controls their transactivation activity and/or protein stability." SIGNOR-266797 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000551 15313915 f miannu "We found that this synergistic inhibition of tumor cell growth corresponded with the fhit-mediated inactivation of mdm2, which thereby blocked the association of mdm2 with p53, thus stabilizing the p53 protein." SIGNOR-127915 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr323 DEPVADPyDQSFESR 9606 15735648 t fstefani "T cell src family kinases and zap70 activate p38 by phosphorylating tyr323." SIGNOR-134293 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258632 DIP2A protein Q14689 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 30672040 t miannu "In this paper, we summarized the conservation of gene sequences and protein domains of DIP2 family members and predicted that they may have a similar functional role in acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthesis. We then used the most characterized member, disconnected interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A), for further study. DIP2A is a cytoplasmic protein that is preferentially localized to mitochondria, and its acetyl-CoA synthetase activity has been demonstrated in vitro. Furthermore, the level of acetyl-CoA in HEK293 cells overexpressing DIP2A was increased, which is consistent with its metabolically related function." SIGNOR-266590 NAIP protein Q13075 UNIPROT "NLRC4 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C223 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256403 DUOX2 protein Q9NRD8 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264727 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT RAB3IP protein Q96QF0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser288 KGHTRNKsTSSAMSG 10090 BTO:0000142 22445341 t miannu "We identified 5 potential NDR1 substrates in the mouse brain and chose two for functional validation. We show that one NDR1 substrate is another kinase, AP-2 associated kinase-1 (AAK1) which regulates dendritic branching as a result of NDR1 phosphorylation. Another substrate is the Rab8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rabin8 (a Sec2p homolog) which we find is involved in spine synapse formation." SIGNOR-263036 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 19327116 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Thr235 phosphorylation occurs in nuclei of differentiated macrophages, but not in monocytes." SIGNOR-270045 TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000222 26042050 f lperfetto "the effects of the angiopoietins are not specific for vascular endothelial cells, as their receptors (Tie1, Tie2) are known to be expressed in hematopoietic cells and they have also recently been shown to be expressed in skeletal muscle cellsExogenous Ang-1 enhanced myogenic (MyoD and Myogenin) mRNA in differentiating myoblasts and increased myosin heavy chain protein." SIGNOR-241535 PTPRZ1 protein P23471 UNIPROT ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000785 17681947 t gcesareni "Rptpbeta/zeta dephosphorylates alk at the site(s) in alk that is undergoing autophosphorylation through autoactivation." SIGNOR-157227 PCDHA9 protein Q9Y5H5 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion." SIGNOR-265662 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT GMFG protein O60234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr104 KPEQQMMyAGSKNRL 9606 BTO:0001660 24818551 t miannu "Acetylcholine stimulation also increased GMF-γ phosphorylation at Tyr-104. GMF-γ phosphorylation at this residue was mediated by c-Abl tyrosine kinase. The GMF-γ mutant Y104F (phenylalanine substitution at Tyr-104) had higher association with Arp2 in HASM cells upon contractile activation.Furthermore, expression of mutant Y104F GMF-γ attenuated actin polymerization and contraction in smooth muscle." SIGNOR-273536 NLGN2 protein Q8NFZ4 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein P58401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264161 KCNJ8 protein Q15842 UNIPROT "KATP channel" complex SIGNOR-C274 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28842488 t lperfetto "ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, found throughout the body, are generated as octameric complexes consisting of four pore-forming Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 subunits with four regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1 or SUR2) subunits." SIGNOR-262054 FABP7 protein O15540 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264461 "Ile(5)-angiotensin II" smallmolecule CHEBI:2719 ChEBI AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257459 KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" -1 9858532 t lperfetto "We show here that this component of the DCS complex is hnRNP H and that, like hnRNP F and KSRP, hnRNP H is needed for src N1 splicing in vitro." SIGNOR-261274 ramucirumab antibody DB05578 DRUGBANK KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 28395526 t miannu "Ramucirumab (Cyramza), an anti-angionenic agent was approved in 2014 for treatment of several malignancies, including second-line treatment of patients with NSCLC with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Ramucirumab, an anti-VEGFR2 agent, combined with docetaxel, was FDA-approved for NSCLC patients." SIGNOR-259901 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TWIST1 protein Q15672 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 GGGDEPGsPAQGKRG 9606 BTO:0000150 21502402 t llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 68 of twist1 by mapks stabilizes twist1 protein and promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness. this ser 68 is phosphorylated by p38, c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnk), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 in vitro" SIGNOR-173413 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser615 SYKIRFNsISCSDPL 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251624 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CDC42EP2 protein O14613 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser101 RELPDGPsPLLKNAI 10090 22028470 t miannu "We have optimized a chemical genetic system using analog-sensitive ERK2, a form of ERK2 engineered to use an analog of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), to tag and isolate ERK2 substrates in vitro. This approach identified 80 proteins phosphorylated by ERK2, 13 of which are known ERK2 substrates. With this improved methodology, we detected 98 sites directly phosphorylated by ERK2 on 80 proteins from NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Thirteen of these proteins are known substrates and the rest represent previously unknown kinase/substrate interactions. (table1)" SIGNOR-262770 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14662762 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-270156 IL18 protein Q14116 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10653850 f miannu "IL-18, originally described as IFN-γ-inducing factor, is secreted from activated macrophages and Kupffer cells (1–3). The major activity associated with this cytokine is induction of IFN-γ production from CD4+ Th1 cells, T cells, B cells and NK cells, especially in collaboration with IL-12. IL-12 and IL-18 acted in a synergistic manner for the development of T cells into IFN-γ-producing cells without their TCR engagement." SIGNOR-260858 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21078818 t gcesareni "Ligands such as wnt1, wnt3a, and wnt8 couple the seventransmembrane domain receptor frizzled (fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (lrp5/6) to activate wnt?Beta-catenin signaling.All the frizzled genes studied have" SIGNOR-169657 NUP35 protein Q8NFH5 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262080 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR RPS19 protein P39019 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 16266891 t gcesareni "The pim-1/rps19 interaction was demonstrated both in vitro and in living cells and led to phosphorylation of rps19 in an in vitro kinase assay." SIGNOR-259412 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ZNF148 protein Q9UQR1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser202 GEKPFQCsQCDMRFI 9606 17560543 t lperfetto "Here we found that zbp-89 is phosphorylated by atm kinase in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of the atm phosphorylation motif (202)sq within the zinc finger domain of zbp-89 attenuated its ability to enhance p21(waf1) activation by butyrate. Moreover, disruption of the atm phosphorylation site abrogated the ability of zbp-89 to potentiate butyrate induction of endogenous p21(waf1) expression." SIGNOR-155634 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 BTO:0000567 15642743 t lperfetto "Recombinant p38 phosphorylated recombinant p53 on serine 46 in vitro. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by pharmacological inhibitors, dominant-negative p38, or small interfering RNA, suppressed p53S46P" SIGNOR-226620 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr157 GIRKRPAtDDSSTQN 9606 18570873 t gcesareni "Mtor may promote g1 progression in part through sgk1 activation and deregulate the cell cycle in cancers through both akt- and sgk-mediated p27 t157 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic p27 mislocalization." SIGNOR-179109 TRIM33 protein Q9UPN9 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000574;BTO:0002625;BTO:0000414 16751102 t lperfetto "The ubiquitious nuclear protein transcriptional intermediary factor 1gamma (tif1gamma) selectively binds receptor-phosphorylated smad2/3 in competition with smad4. Rapid and robust binding of tif1gamma to smad2/3 occurs in hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and epithelial cell types in response to tgfbeta. Tif1gamma mediates the differentiation response while smad4 mediates the antiproliferative response with smad2/3 participating in both responses." SIGNOR-236060 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT ECE1 protein P42892 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000396 9595399 f miannu "Endothelial expression of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 beta mRNA is regulated by the transcription factor Ets-1. We conclude that Ets-1 is involved in transcriptional upregulation of ECE-1 beta mRNA in E.A. hy 926 cells induced by phorbol ester." SIGNOR-254080 "2-Hydroxy-3-[N-[4-[methyl-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)acetyl]amino]phenyl]-C-phenylcarbonimidoyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid" chemical CID:135461425 PUBCHEM PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258082 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr385 APEKGLPtPQVLQRN 9606 BTO:0000567 9155018 t lperfetto "Mnk1 was phosphorylated and activated in vitro by erk1 and p38 map kinasespreliminary results showed that thr344 at least was one of the major sites phosphorylated by erk1" SIGNOR-48360 GCC1 protein Q96CN9 UNIPROT ITSN1 protein Q15811 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 30540523 t Giulio "GFP-GCC88 was immunoprecipitated by both the short and long form of ITSN-1 but not with FLAG-Rheb (Figure 4A). These data demonstrate that both GCC88 and ITSN-1 are part of a complex. We propose that GCC88 recruits ITSN-1-L to the TGN, which in turn activates Cdc42 at the trans-face of the Golgi (Figure 9A)." SIGNOR-260600 TESK2 protein Q96S53 UNIPROT DSTN protein P60981 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVQVADE 9606 BTO:0001363 11418599 t lperfetto "The present study provides evidence that TESK2 can phosphorylate cofilin and ADF specifically at Ser-3. Since actin-depolymerizing and -severing activities of cofilin/ADF are abrogated by phosphorylation at Ser-3, TESK2 seems to play an important role in actin filament dynamics by inhibiting cofilin/ADF activity." SIGNOR-246707 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser402 LSGSKTNsPKNSVHK 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249304 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1201 IPTLNRMsFSSNLNH -1 2900138 t "TC1 = Ser-2Ser(P)-Met-3Ser(P)-Gly-Leu; TC2 = Arg-Met-1Ser(P)-Phe- Cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates sites 1 and 2 exclusively, whereas the AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates sites 1 and 3, plus at least one other minor site.[…]The results suggest that phosphorylation of site 3 is primarily responsible for the large decrease in Vmax produced by the AMP-activated protein kinase, while phosphorylation of site 1 may be primarily responsible for the increase in A0.5 for citrate and more modest depression of Vmax produced by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase and ACK2" SIGNOR-267714 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR LARP6 protein Q9BRS8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser451 QEKSPGTsPLLSRKM 9606 BTO:0000007 26932461 t miannu "This strongly suggested that Akt dependent phosphorylation of LARP6 targets S451.S451A mutant of LARP6 acts as dominant negative protein in collagen synthesis. these results support the hypothesis that phosphorylation of S451 by Akt is a necessary step to activate productive synthesis type I collagen and suggests that secretion and modifications of type I collagen are impaired if LARP6 is not phosphorylated on S451." SIGNOR-273539 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr426 NEEWYVSyITRPEAE 9606 BTO:0000782 8702662 t lperfetto "A fourth peptide derived from slp-76 encompassing tyr residues 423 and 426 was also phosphorylated by zap-70 but with a 10-15-fold lesser efficiency compared to tyr-113, _128, and _145. Phosphorylation of slp-76 by the zap-70 protein-tyrosine kinase is required for t-cell receptor function" SIGNOR-42976 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT EEF1B2 protein P24534 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser112 GSDDEEEsEEAKRLR -1 8547318 t llicata "EF-1 beta was highly phosphorylated by casein kinase II, with up to 1.3 mol of phosphate incorporated per mol protein. From microsequence analysis and manual Edman degradation, the majority of the phosphate was shown to be present in serine 106 in the peptide DLFGS106DDEEES112EEA. Serine 112 was also phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but to a lesser extent." SIGNOR-250988 TIMM50 protein Q3ZCQ8 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267696 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deacetylation Lys71 GILRRLKkYDNCWLA 9606 BTO:0000007 21726808 t lperfetto "Conversely, SIRT2 deacetylates and stabilizes PEPCK1.|Furthermore, coexpression of P300 increased acetylation levels of wild-type PEPCK1, but not PEPCK13K/R, indicating that P300 acts on these lysine residues of PEPCK1" SIGNOR-267601 "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257714 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-249644 TRIM39 protein Q9HCM9 UNIPROT MOAP1 protein Q96BY2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19100260 t miannu " TRIM39 stabilizes MOAP-1 by inhibiting the poly-ubiquitination process of MOAP-1.In this study, we report the identification and characterization of TRIM39 as a binding partner of MOAP-1. TRIM39 is the first regulator of MOAP-1 protein stability identified." SIGNOR-272911 VAV1 protein P15498 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 9013873 f lperfetto "Vav may link gp130 activation to downstream mapk activation in hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-244640 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser409 VFPPSITsRGDFLRH 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262721 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 30616754 t lperfetto "FBPase converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) and inorganic phosphate in the second rate-limiting reaction of gluconeogenesis.|FBP1 is ubiquitously present in tissues and is the key gluconeogenic enzyme in the liver and kidney, while FBP2 is restricted to the muscle" SIGNOR-267589 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine chemical CHEBI:48518 ChEBI CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-106481 α-D-glucosyl-glycogenin complex SIGNOR-C430 SIGNOR glycogen smallmolecule CHEBI:28087 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 26199317 t miannu "Glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) plays an essential role in glycogen biosynthesis by generating α-1,6-glucosidic branches from α-1,4-linked glucose chains, to increase solubility of the glycogen polymer. In eukaryotes, glycogenin (EC 2.4.1.186) initiates the synthesis of the linear glucan chain (2), which is elongated by glycogen synthase (GYS, EC 2.4.1.11) (3), functioning in concert with glycogen branching enzyme (GBE, EC 2.4.1.18) to introduce side chains" SIGNOR-268138 GPR34 protein Q9UPC5 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256688 IRX1 protein P78414 UNIPROT RALGPS1 protein Q5JS13 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20440264 f Luana "We identified a number of target genes by global microarray analysis after IRX1 transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay.| Upregulation of PTGS2, ANPEP, KDR, UGT8, INHBA, ERMAP, RALGPS1 and SPON1 was confirmed." SIGNOR-261668 NOD1 protein Q9Y239 UNIPROT ATG16L1 protein Q676U5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19898471 t miannu "By a mechanism independent of the adaptor RIP2 and transcription factor NF-kappaB, Nod1 and Nod2 recruited the autophagy protein ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the bacterial entry site. Our results link bacterial sensing by Nod proteins to the induction of autophagy and provide a functional link between Nod2 and ATG16L1, which are encoded by two of the most important genes associated with Crohn's disease." SIGNOR-252406 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser170 SFKLSGFsFKKNKKE -1 8422248 t lperfetto "These results indicate that in vitro, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS only at three sites, but not at Ser160 as that reported previously, and there was no preferential phosphorylation of MARCKS by either PKC isozyme I, II or III." SIGNOR-248931 (S,S)-asenapine chemical CHEBI:71257 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258567 FANCA protein O15360 UNIPROT "Fanconi anemia core complex" complex SIGNOR-C300 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17396147 t lperfetto "This complex includes not only the five known FA proteins (FANC‐A, C, E, F, and G), but also four new polypeptides, which are named FAAPs for FANCA‐associated polypeptides. |Thus, eight of the nine components of the FA core complex are FA proteins (FANC‐A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M). Furthermore, two of the newly discovered FA proteins have enzymatic activities: FANCL is a ubiquitin ligase essential for FANCD2 monoubiquitination in vivo " SIGNOR-263240 "AD/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C172 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257716 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr41 YSTTPGGtLFSTTPG 9606 BTO:0000150 24247720 t lperfetto "Mechanistic investigations showed that ck1_ interacted with and phosphorylated 4e-bp1 at two novel sites t41 and t50, which were essential for 4e-bp1 inactivation along with increased mrna translation and cell proliferation." SIGNOR-203240 "ado-trastuzumab emtansine" antibody DB05773 DRUGBANK ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19010901 t miannu "The anatomy of an antibody–cytotoxic drug conjugate can be divided into three general components: the antibody, the linker, and the cytotoxic drug. The efficacy of any such conjugate is dictated in part by the differential expression of the target antigen in tumor versus normal tissue. HER2 is a clinically validated target for the treatment of breast cancer. Trastuzumab and, more recently, lapatinib are approved for clinical use in women whose breast cancer overexpresses HER2. a trastuzumab conjugate, which simply uses HER2 as an address for the delivery of a potent cytotoxic agent, may offer promise as an effective therapeutic modality." SIGNOR-259882 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT ITGA7 protein Q13683 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 14525975 f lperfetto "This report provides evidence that alpha7 gene expression during muscle differentiation is regulated by the c-Myc transcription factor. In myoblasts, alpha7 is expressed at basal levels, but following conversion to myotubes the expression of the integrin is strongly elevated. The increased alpha7 mRNA and protein levels following myogenic differentiation are inversely correlated with c-Myc expression. Transfection of myoblasts with the c-Myc transcription factor down-regulated alpha7 expression" SIGNOR-241769 KDM6A protein O15550 UNIPROT ETS2 protein P15036 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29736013 t miannu "Our findings reveal a dual role for UTX in suppressing acute myeloid leukaemia via repression of oncogenic ETS and upregulation of tumor suppressive GATA programs. several ETS transcription factors, including Elf4, Etv6, Erg, Fli1, Ets2, Spi1 and Elk3 were upregulated immediately after Utx loss in the preleukaemic phase" SIGNOR-260035 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asp372 EFEVSFLdSPGAQAQ 9606 BTO:0000567 11815631 t Giulio "Together, our results strongly suggest GRASP65 is a specific substrate for caspase-3.|This suggests that GRASP65 cleavage is required for fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon during apoptosis.| we analyzed the sequence in this region and identified three potential cleavage sites as SLLD320S, SFPD375S, and TLPD393G|mutation of all three aspartic acid residues completely blocked cleavage" SIGNOR-260603 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 t gcesareni "Distinctly, wnt1 signals through fzd receptors 1 and 6 in the epaxial domain of the somite, to regulate myf5 expression via the canonical _-catenin pathway" SIGNOR-198843 MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 20371771 t lperfetto "The melanocortin (MC) receptor family consists of five Gs-coupled receptors that control various physiological functions in response to four distinct agonists, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also known as corticotrophin) and alpha, beta, and gamma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which are derived from the proopiomelanocortin precursor protein, and two inverse agonists, agouti and agouti-related proteins" SIGNOR-268697 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 17139329 t fferrentino "That GATA is a downstream effector of the hedgehog pathway." SIGNOR-253527 SLIT2 protein O94813 UNIPROT GPC1 protein P35052 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 10364234 t gcesareni "Slit family proteins are functional ligands of glypican-1 in nervous tissue and suggest that their interactions may be critical for certain stages of central nervous system histogenesis." SIGNOR-68428 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT RGS16 protein O15492 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr168 TLMEKDSyPRFLKSP 9606 12588871 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation on tyr(168) was mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr). We show here that endogenous rgs16 is phosphorylated after epidermal growth factor stimulation of mcf-7 cells." SIGNOR-98267 RDH10 protein Q8IZV5 UNIPROT retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS10" SIGNOR-265119 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser180 GGAKRVTsIADRLNV 9606 BTO:0006038 29074724 t lperfetto "We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation or hypoxia results in the AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) S180 and PRPS2 S183, leading to conversion of PRPS hexamers to monomers and thereby inhibiting PRPS1/2 activity, nucleotide synthesis, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production." SIGNOR-265729 RALGAPB protein Q86X10 UNIPROT RalGAP2 complex SIGNOR-C469 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000011 21148297 t miannu "Here we report the identification and characterization of a Ral GAP complex (RGC) that mediates the activation of RalA downstream of the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The complex is composed of an RGC1 regulatory subunit and an RGC2 catalytic subunit (previously identified as AS250) that directly stimulates the guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis of RalA." SIGNOR-269794 Cell-Cell_contact stimulus SIGNOR-ST13 SIGNOR STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22683405 f "inferred from 70% of family members" milica "In response to growth inhibitory signal (e.g. cell¬ñcell contact), MST1/2 in active form phosphorylates LATS1/2 that sequentially phosphorylates YAP at Ser-127." SIGNOR-269943 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2609 LTPMFVEtQASQGTL 9606 17189255 t gcesareni "Ir-induced dna-pkcs phosphorylation at thr-2609 and ser-2056, however, exhibits distinct kinetics indicating that they are differentially regulated. Although dna-pkcs autophosphorylates itself at ser-2056 after ir, we have reported here that atm mediates dna-pkcs phosphorylation at thr-2609 as well as at the adjacent (s/t)q motifs within the thr-2609 cluster." SIGNOR-151449 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser226 IDENCLLsPLAGEDD -1 9199329 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylate the rat glucocorticoid receptor in vitro at distinct sites that together correspond to the major phosphorylated receptor residues observed in vivo; MAPK phosphorylates receptor residues threonine 171 and serine 246, whereas multiple CDK complexes modify serines 224 and 232.|MAPKs and CDKs exert opposite effects on receptor transcriptional enhancement. From our results, we speculate that activators of the MAPK pathway, such as growth factors, insulin, and certain oncoproteins, or inhibitors of CDK function, such as tumor growth factor beta (TGF_), p21, and p27, might attenuate receptor-induced transcrip- tional responses. In contrast, negative regulators of MAPK, such as pKA, as well as activators of CDK, such as the cyclins or CAKs, should potentiate receptor action." SIGNOR-93554 PIAS3 protein Q9Y6X2 UNIPROT SMAD3/PIAS3 complex SIGNOR-C204 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 26194464 t mrosina "In summary, the TGF-b/IL-6/TCR-ERK-Smad2L (Ser255) axis is the positive regulator, whereas unphosphorylated Smad3C-PIAS3 complex is the negative regulator of STAT3-induced transcriptional processes for TH17 differentiation" SIGNOR-255035 EIF3G protein O75821 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266394 CUL2 protein Q13617 UNIPROT APOBEC3A protein P31941 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 29367246 t lperfetto "Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 Stabilizes APOBEC3A Protein by Inhibiting Cullin 2-Dependent Protein Degradation|Here, we report that the HPV oncoprotein E7 stabilizes the APOBEC3A (A3A) protein in human keratinocytes by inhibiting ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in a cullin-dependent manner." SIGNOR-261325 POLR2J3 protein Q9H1A7 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266173 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259050 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT IL32 protein P24001 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 20889550 f lperfetto "A virus or dsRNA in human PBMCs from healthy volunteers. We demonstrate that the NF-κB and CREB pathways play key roles in the activation of IL-32 production in response to influenza virus infection in A549 human lung epithelial cells.|Overexpression assays combined with RNA interference show that DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3b are critical for IL32 promoter methylation and gene silencing before viral infection." SIGNOR-254127 MYO9B protein Q13459 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260510 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates relocalization 10090 BTO:0002572 18423396 t lperfetto "Akt1/PKBalpha was found to be the major regulator of phosphorylation and nuclear export ofFoxO1, whose presence in the nucleus strongly attenuates adipocyte differentiation." SIGNOR-252852 TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2." SIGNOR-201321 RAB9A protein P51151 UNIPROT GCC2 protein Q8IWJ2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 18195106 t lperfetto "Rab9-dependent transport from late endosomes to the Golgi requires the Rab9 effectors p40 (Diaz et al., 1997) and TIP47 (Diaz and Pfeffer, 1998), a protein that recognizes the cytoplasmic domains of the two types of MPRs and packages them into nascent transport vesicles (Carroll et al., 2001). MPR recycling also utilizes a TGN-localized coiled-coil protein named GCC185 that is also a Rab9 effector" SIGNOR-253087 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT DNAH10 protein Q8IVF4 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 31836722 f miannu "The protein expression of DNAH10 was assessed by Western blot analysis after stimulation of primary keratinocytes (P4) with inflammatory cytokine TNFα or growth factor TGF-β1 and their combination (Fig. 5C). Treatment with TNFα, TGF-β1, and their combination down regulated the expression of DNAH10 in keratinocytes after a 24-h-stimulation." SIGNOR-265551 "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269016 CHD2 protein O14647 UNIPROT XRCC4 protein Q13426 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0001938 26895424 t miannu "CHD2 Promotes the Recruitment of Core NHEJ Factors. overexpression of ATPase-dead CHD2 (K515R; Figure S5F), but not wild-type CHD2, also reduced the recruitment of XRCC4 (Figure 5E). Together, these findings suggest that the chromatin remodeling activity of CHD2 promotes the efficient assembly of NHEJ complexes at DSBs." SIGNOR-264528 "A6/b4 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C174 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257721 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 32471307 t lperfetto "A major kinase for GPCR‐induced CPI‐17 phosphorylation is PKC which is activated by the PLCbeta‐produced signaling messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It phosphorylates CPI‐17 at Thr38 residue that directly docks at the active site of MLCP, thereby inhibiting its activity and promoting an increase of phosphorylation of myosin and of other MLCP." SIGNOR-249258 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT KCTD12 protein Q96CX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser243 ITVCGKTsLAKEVFG 9606 BTO:0000567 28869606 t miannu " In addition, Aurora A phosphorylated KCTD12 at serine 243, thereby initiating a positive feedback loop necessary for KCTD12 to exert its cancer-promoting effects." SIGNOR-273544 NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000920 24392139 t lperfetto "Necdin interacts with E2F transcription factors and suppresses E2F1-dependent transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 gene. Here we show that necdin serves as a suppressor of NPC proliferation in the embryonic neocortex." SIGNOR-253382 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MCOLN1 protein Q9GZU1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser557 SGKFRRGsGSACSLL 9606 17988215 t llicata "The stimulatory effect of h89 on mcoln1 function was not observed when ser(557) and ser(559) were mutated to alanine residues, indicating that these two residues are essential for pka-mediated negative regulation of mcoln1." SIGNOR-158946 EPM2A protein O95278 UNIPROT NHLRC1 protein Q6VVB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003234 18029386 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence indicating that the formation of the laforin–malin complex is positively regulated by AMPK. We show that laforin, but not malin, can interact physically with the catalytic subunit of AMPK and that purified AMPK phosphorylates GST::laforin in vitro." SIGNOR-271729 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT LMNA protein P02545 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser525 NTWGCGNsLRTALIN -1 8477740 t lperfetto "An interphase-specific phosphorylation at Ser525 matching the PKC consensus sequence and of peptides phosphorylated by unknown kinases was determined." SIGNOR-248935 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser290 GRIVARNsRKMAFRA -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249006 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271535 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT OSBP2 protein Q969R2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 30925160 t lperfetto "CK1a1, JNK1 and CDK1 had the highest site-specific activity for ORP4L, while CDK1, GSK3a, CK1a1 and GSK3b showed the highest specificity for the site when corrected for background activity with ORP4L-S4A. Because of the complexity of the serine/proline-rich site, we did not determine which serine(s) in ORP4L were phosphorylated by candidate kinases.|We conclude that phosphorylation of a unique serine/proline motif in the ORD induces a conformation change in ORP4L that enhances interaction with vimentin and cholesterol extraction from membranes." SIGNOR-264877 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 ITSAARRsYVSSGEM -1 2155236 t miannu "GFAP can serve as a substrate for phosphorylation by CAMP-dependent protein kinase. CAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C phosphorylated Ser-8, Ser-13, and Ser-34.each phosphorylation was shown to induce disassembly of the glial filaments." SIGNOR-249711 diethylstilbestrol chemical CHEBI:41922 ChEBI ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258597 SSTR3 protein P32745 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256820 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14-3-3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites." SIGNOR-252867 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr320 NPGGRPItPPRNSAK 9606 17202132 t gcesareni "We observed that phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) on Thr320 is reduced in brain extracts from Egr-1-/- mice, indicating that a kinase downstream of Egr-1 phosphorylates PP1. In HEK 293 cells co-transfected with PP1 and Cdk5, Cdk5 phosphorylates PP1. In vitro, Cdk5 purified from bovine brain phosphorylates bacterially expressed recombinant PP1" SIGNOR-151803 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser306 GPMRRSKsPADSGND 9606 14741103 t llicata "In order to determine the sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5, serine or threonine in the nine potential sites were substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to create mutant Dcx proteins. hese were analyzed by co-transfection of 293T cells with cdk5/p35. All-sites-A mutant Dcx showed no slower migrating species on Western analysis, indicating that removal of all nine possible sites is sufficient to block the phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35. However, each single mutant Dcx retains the slower migrating species similar to the wild-type Dcx, suggesting that any single mutation is not sufficient to block phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35." SIGNOR-250658 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser41 EAAGPAPsPMRAANR 9606 BTO:0000567 15525512 t llicata "Bub1 directly phosphorylates Cdc20 in vitro and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C(Cdc20) catalytically. A Cdc20 mutant with all six Bub1 phosphorylation sites removed is refractory to Bub1-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition in vitro. " SIGNOR-250606 CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 7626805 t gcesareni "P21cip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor that is transcriptionally activated by p53 in response to dna damage.We Have explored the interaction of p21 with the currently known cdks. p21 effectively inhibits cdk2, cdk3, cdk4, and cdk6 kinases." SIGNOR-29957 GTF3A protein Q92664 UNIPROT TFIIIB complex SIGNOR-C393 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 8907699 t lperfetto "One of the major functions of TFIIIA is to program the 5S RNA gene for transcription by binding directly to the ICR, which subsequently directs an ordered assembly of general factors to form a functional transcription complex." SIGNOR-269309 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 7592908 f gcesareni "The steadystate level of p15ink4b mrna was induced 30-fold upon tgf-beta treatment, implicating p15ink4b as a primary effector of the tgf-beta-mediated cell cycle arrest" SIGNOR-29582 "BMS 794833" chemical CID:44155856 PUBCHEM MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190422 RAI1 protein Q7Z5J4 UNIPROT CRY1 protein Q16526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000614 22578325 f miannu "Data further show that haploinsufficiency of RAI1 and Rai1 in SMS fibroblasts and the mouse hypothalamus, respectively, results in the transcriptional dysregulation of the circadian clock and causes altered expression and regulation of multiple circadian genes, including PER2, PER3, CRY1, BMAL1, and others." SIGNOR-266842 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11007482 t "Here we demonstrate that Galphas and Galphai, but neither Galphaq, Galpha12 nor Gbetay, directly stimulate the kinase activity of downregulated c-Src" SIGNOR-256527 DCTPP1 protein Q9H773 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003878 27612427 f Monia "DCTPP1 attenuates the sensitivity of human gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by up-regulating MDR1 expression epigenetically; Moreover, low expression of DCTPP1 led to the increase in intracellular 5-methyl-dCTP, which was strongly associated with the promoter hyper-methylation, leading to the subsequent low-expression of MDR1 and the increased intracellular accumulation of 5-FU in DCTPP1-knockdown BGC-823 cells. These results provide new insights into the roles of DCTPP1 as a chemosensitizer in clinical application." SIGNOR-261178 "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR chloride smallmolecule CHEBI:17996 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18790874 t brain lperfetto "GABAA receptors (GABAA-Rs) are the major inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). |Mammalian GABAA-Rs are all anion-selective channels. Increased chloride permeability generally reduces neuronal excitability (inhibition)" SIGNOR-263817 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr743 VEVDAAVtPEERHLS -1 8764598 t "The sole site of phosphorylation in APPcyt by GSK-3beta was determined by phosphoamino acid analysis and phosphorylation of APPcyt mutant peptides to be Thr743 (numbering as for APP770)." SIGNOR-251220 IFNA1 protein P01562 UNIPROT IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 11278538 t lperfetto "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-219298 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 9736715 t acerquone "Ilk can phosphorylate pkb-akt on serine-473, whereas kinase-deficient ilk severely inhibits endogenous phosphorylation of pkb-akt on serine-473, demonstrating that ilk is involved in agonist stimulated, pi(3)k-dependent, pkb-akt activation." SIGNOR-60115 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr198 PGLRRRQt 9606 12042314 t miannu "Because Thr198-phosphorylated p27Kip1 was localized only in the cytoplasm, Akt might promote 14-3-3 binding to p27Kip1 by phosphorylation at Thr198, allowing its cytoplasmic localization and degradation." SIGNOR-88294 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001615 22470139 f miannu "Efficient knockdown of WWTR1, demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR, led to upregulation of ASNS and downregulation of SMAD3, LTBR, BAX and BAK1 in WWTR1 knockdown cells, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the repression of cell proliferation." SIGNOR-255606 SMC5/6 complex SIGNOR-C374 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27427983 f miannu "The SMC5/6 complex, consisting of SMC5, SMC6, and non-SMC elements NSMCE1–6, has key roles in the maintenance of chromosome integrity during mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair and is critical for genome stability. In particular, the SMC5/6 complex is involved in resolving intermediates during recombination (5, 6) and other complex DNA structures, such as stalled replication forks" SIGNOR-265487 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR ALOX15 protein P16050 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 12517954 f lperfetto "IL-4 has been shown to up-regulate 15-lipoxygenase and produce 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) in A549 cells via the Janus kinase/STAT6 pathway under coactivation of CREB binding protein/p300." SIGNOR-254100 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000176 14967450 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Erk phosphorylates multiple cytoplasmatic and cytoskeletal proteins, including mapk-activated protein kinases and the ribosomal p70-s6 kinase" SIGNOR-270103 ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257093 MYLK3 protein Q32MK0 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr80 NEPHESRtNSDIVET 9606 BTO:0000007 21556048 t lperfetto "Here, we show that phosphorylation of MEF2C on T(80) by skeletal myosin light chain kinase (skMLCK) enhances skeletal and not cardiac myogenesis.|Here, we show that skMLCK directly phosphorylates MEF2C, leading to p300/PCAF recruitment, increased acetylation of skeletal muscle-specific genes, and enhanced skeletal myogenesis" SIGNOR-264565 CTSK protein P43235 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 11920402 f lperfetto "Cathepsins K and S have been implicated in various aspects of extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory responses." SIGNOR-253318 ETF complex SIGNOR-C463 SIGNOR FAD smallmolecule CHEBI:16238 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33450351 t miannu "ETF is a two-electron and two-proton transporter as its FAD undergoes successive reduction via two-consecutive one-electron transfer steps, with the formation of an intermediate one-electron red flavin semiquinone species (FAD•−), which is then fully reduced to FADH2 with the uptake of one additional electron and two protons (Fig. 4a)." SIGNOR-269454 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT ARIH1 protein Q9Y4X5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24076655 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases such as TRIAD1 and HHARI can bind and be activated by CRL complexes. Whereas TRIAD1 specifically associates with CUL5–RBX2, HHARI is more promiscuous towards cullin types and associates with RBX1-associated cullins 1, 2, 3, and 4A. Interestingly, both TRIAD1 and HHARI show a strong preference for binding the neddylated form of the cullin. Our data suggest a novel function of NEDD8 in directing specific CRLs to Ariadne RBR ligases, which in turn exert influence on the levels of their cognate neddylated cullin." SIGNOR-268844 LNX1 protein Q8TBB1 UNIPROT ABCA1 protein O95477 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 22889411 t miannu "We used the Ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family of E3s, a group of PDZ domain-containing RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, to demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy. Many potential substrates of LNX E3s were identified. Eight of the nine selected candidates were ubiquitinated in vitro, and two novel endogenous substrates, PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR), were confirmed in vivo." SIGNOR-272902 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr145 QKSKKHLtDNEFKDP -1 14523239 t lperfetto "We found that mutation of S800 to alanine significantly reduced the PMA-induced enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents and the direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Mutation of S502 to alanine reduced PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents, but had no effect on direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Conversely, mutation of T704 to alanine had no effect on PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents but dramatically reduced direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. | Edman sequencing and scintillation counting delineated T144 as the in vitro PKC phosphorylation site" SIGNOR-249234 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser90 GLFNELAsPFENEFK 9606 BTO:0000599 10085140 t miannu "P38 directly phosphorylates ATF-2 at Thr-69, Thr-71, and Ser-90, resulting in stimulation of its trans-activating capacity." SIGNOR-250090 IGF1 protein P05019 UNIPROT Adipogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH26 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 2689937 f fspada "Preadipocytes converted to adipocytes when insulin-like growth factor-1 or insulin was added to a medium depleted of those compounds" SIGNOR-23166 KLHL2 protein O95198 UNIPROT WNK4 protein Q96J92 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23838290 t miannu "We found that KLHL2, as well as KLHL3, was co-immunoprecipitated with all four WNK isoforms. The direct interaction of KLHL2 with WNKs was confirmed on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Co-expression of KLHL2 and Cullin3 decreased the abundance of WNK1, WNK3 and WNK4 within HEK293T cells, and a significant increase of WNK4 ubiquitination by KLHL2 and Cullin3 was observed both in HEK293T cells and in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. These results suggest that KLHL2-Cullin3 also functions as an E3-ligase for WNK isoforms within the body." SIGNOR-272118 GTF2F2 protein P13984 UNIPROT TFIIF complex SIGNOR-C394 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 18218714 t lperfetto "Human general transcription factor IIF (TFIIF), a component of the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) associated with RNA polymerase II (Pol II), was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and chemical cross-linking. Recombinant TFIIF, composed of an equimolar ratio of alpha and beta subunits, was bacterially expressed, purified to homogeneity, and found to have a transcription activity similar to a natural one in the human in vitro transcription system." SIGNOR-266195 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DUSP6 protein Q16828 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser197 SATDSDGsPLSNSQP 9606 15632084 t gcesareni "In vitro phosphorylation assays using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-MKP-3 fusion proteins indicated that ERK2 could phosphorylate MKP-3 on serines 159 and 197Double serine mutants of MKP-3 or MKP-3-GFP were more efficiently protected from degradation than single mutants or wild-type MKP-3, indicating that phosphorylation of either serine by ERK1/2 enhances proteasomal degradation of MKP-3." SIGNOR-132971 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR CBLL1 protein Q75N03 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271179 RPS6KA2 protein Q15349 UNIPROT L1CAM protein P32004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1152 RSKGGKYsVKDKEDT 10116 BTO:0001009 8663493 t lperfetto "Western blot analysis demonstrated that the L1 kinase activity from PC12 cells that phosphorylated this site was co-eluted with the S6 kinase, p90(rsk). Moreover, S6 kinase activity and p90(rsk) immunoreactivity co-immunoprecipitate with L1 from brain, and metabolic labeling studies have demonstrated that Ser1152 is phosphorylated in vivo in the developing rat brain. | These data demonstrate that the membrane-proximal 15 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain of L1 are important for neurite outgrowth on L1, and the interactions it mediates may be regulated by phosphorylation of Ser1152." SIGNOR-248949 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT L1CAM protein P32004 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17671192 f miannu "To elucidate the molecular mechanism of Nm23-H1 motility suppression, expression microarray analysis of an MDA-MB-435 cancer cell line overexpressing wild-type Nm23-H1 was done and cross-compared with expression profiles from lines expressing the P96S and S120G mutants. Nine genes, MET, PTN, SMO, FZD1, L1CAM, MMP2, NETO2, CTGF, and EDG2, were down-regulated by wild-type but not by mutant Nm23-H1 expression." SIGNOR-255161 SLC11A1 protein P49279 UNIPROT M1_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH54 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11909746 f "Functional studies in Nramp1 transfected macrophages have demonstrated that the Nramp1 protein plays a vital role in early macrophage activation [10,29,30]. Nramp1 is constitutively expressed in macrophage cell lines of the myeloid lineage (isolated peritoneal, splenic, and liver resident macrophages), and can be induced by treatment of macrophages with IFN-γ, or IFN-γ plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)" SIGNOR-254037 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15003515 f "Flt3 Mutation Activates p21WAF1/CIP1 Gene Expression Through the Action of STAT5. Through the Action of STAT5. Co-transfection of p21 promoter-luciferase constructs with Flt3-ITD plasmid into K562 and BaF3 cells results in the induction of p21 promoter activity and a -692/-684 STAT site is important for the induction. STAT5a binds specifically to this element and Flt3-ITD enhances the protein binding to this site." SIGNOR-261520 SLC20A1 protein Q8WUM9 UNIPROT phosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18367 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 11009570 t lperfetto "Three families of NPCs have been reported to date. The type I family consists of a single species (NaPi-1), which has thus far been found only in rabbit kidney.28 The type II family consists of six species homologues, NaPi 2 to 7, that are expressed predominantly in renal epithelial tissues.The type III family is the most recently identified and consists of two members, Pit-1 (also called Glvr-1) and Pit-2 (also called Ram-1).34" SIGNOR-270579 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-G protein P17693 UNIPROT unknown "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11137218 f "The X1 box is the binding site for the ubiquitous RFX complex consisting of three subunits; the X2 box is bound by the X2BP/ATF/CREB family factors. The basic S-X-Y regulatory module interacts with CIITA, which is expressed constitutively in APCs, but may be inducible in others cell types by IFN-gamma|We propose that the X region in the HLA-G gene promoter might participate to the combination of factors which play a role in HLA-G gene activation" SIGNOR-254021 CNOT2 protein Q9NZN8 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268306 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr841 RSAFTTStVVRMHVG -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249288 7alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol smallmolecule CHEBI:37623 ChEBI GPR183 protein P32249 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257504 LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257057 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 15817471 t "In the presence of smad6 or smad7 acting as adaptors" lperfetto "Smurfs, which otherwise cannot directly bind to smad4, mediated poly-ubiquitination of smad4 in the presence of smad6 or smad7. Smad signaling is negatively regulated by inhibitory (i) smads and ubiquitin-mediated processes." SIGNOR-236096 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT LAMA3 protein Q16787 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252175 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT FAM83G protein A6ND36 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 PSVASSVsEEYFEVR -1 24554596 t lperfetto "These results indicate that ALK3 phosphorylates PAWS1 predominantly at Ser610 but can also phosphorylate at Ser614 and Ser616 in vitro. |Here, we report the discovery and characterization of PAWS1/FAM83G as a novel SMAD1 interactor. PAWS1 forms a complex with SMAD1 in a SMAD4-independent manner, and BMP signalling induces the phosphorylation of PAWS1 through BMPR1A. The phosphorylation of PAWS1 in response to BMP is essential for activation of the SMAD4-independent BMP target genes NEDD9 and ASNS. Our findings identify PAWS1 as the first non-SMAD substrate for type I BMP receptor kinases and as a novel player in the BMP pathway." SIGNOR-264767 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT CIP2A protein Q8TCG1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24293411 t miannu "CHIP is the ubiquitin E3 ligase mediating celastrol-triggered CIP2A degradation." SIGNOR-272877 TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr216 SSTSLAQyDSNSKKI 9606 BTO:0000873 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (TFKs) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop.The major phosphorylation sites were identified as conserved tyrosines, for Itk Y180 and for Bmx Y215, both sites being homologous to the Y223 site in Btk" SIGNOR-246647 FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT STAR protein P49675 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21862621 f miannu "We previously demonstrated that FOXL2 is a transcriptional repressor of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR), P450SCC (CYP11A), P450aromatase (CYP19), and cyclin D2 (CCND2) genes, markers of ovarian follicle proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-254180 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR 9606 19593530 t "10383393: We demonstrate that both phosphorylated sHsps and the triple mutant Hsp27-S15D,S78D,S82D show significantly decreased abilities to act as molecular chaperones suppressing thermal denaturation and facilitating refolding of citrate synthase in vitro." lperfetto "First, the akt1, akt2, and akt3 isoforms can bind directly to hsp27 and can be found in a complex with p38 mapk, mk2, and hsp27 [98_100]. Second, rane and colleagues showed that akt could phosphorylate hsp27 at ser-82, but not ser-15 or ser-78, in vitro, while co-expression of an active akt mutant and hsp27 in hek cells resulted in hsp27 phosphorylation at the same residue." SIGNOR-186772 "dasatinib (anhydrous)" chemical CHEBI:49375 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258063 P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256931 STK19 protein P49842 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser89 FAINNSKsFADINLY 9606 BTO:0003476 30712867 t lperfetto "STK19 Phosphorylates NRAS Protein at Serine 89|STK19 phosphorylates NRAS to enhance its binding to its downstream effectors and promotes oncogenic NRAS-mediated melanocyte malignant transformation.|" SIGNOR-264566 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI Gluconeogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH35 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000759 24692351 f scontino "It has been previously established that T3 stimulates gluconeogenesis, especially in the hyperthyroid state, and that hypothyroidism is associated with reduced gluconeogenesis." SIGNOR-267490 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser801 VPLLREAsARDRQSA 9606 BTO:0000007 11884385 t lperfetto "Direct phosphorylation of capsaicin receptor VR1 by protein kinase Cepsilon and identification of two target serine residues. | Patch clamp analysis of the point mutants where Ser or Thr residues were replaced with Ala in the total 16 putative phosphorylation sites showed that two Ser residues, Ser(502) and Ser(800) were involved in the potentiation of the capsaicin-evoked currents by either PMA or ATP." SIGNOR-249142 AZD1480 chemical CID:16659841 PUBCHEM JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190167 PREX2 protein Q70Z35 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260571 NPY protein P01303 UNIPROT NPY4R protein P50391 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 7592911 t gcesareni "Human y4 bound human pp family members in i-pyy membrane binding assays with a distinctive rank order (table 1): pp > pyy > npy > npy free acid." SIGNOR-29633 ZNF804A protein Q7Z570 UNIPROT INHBE protein P58166 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23434502 t miannu "ZNF804A has been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia by several genome-wide association studies (GWAS), follow-up association studies and meta-analyses. ZNF804A was identified as a schizophrenia-associated gene by GWAS and was predicted to play a role in DNA binding and transcription To identify the genes that are affected by ZNF804A, we manipulated the expression of the ZNF804A protein in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell lines and performed a cDNA microarray analysis followed by qPCR. We found that ZNF804A-overexpression up-regulated four genes (ANKRD1, INHBE, PIK3AP1, and DDIT3) and down-regulated three genes (CLIC2, MGAM, and BIRC3)." SIGNOR-269462 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18719589 f "Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis" fspada "Bmp7 activates a full program of brown adipogenesis including induction of early regulators of brown fat fate prdm16 (pr-domain-containing 16; ref. 4) and pgc-1alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) coactivator-1alpha; ref. 5), increased expression of the brown-fat-defining marker uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) and adipogenic transcription factors ppargamma and ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps), and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase-(also known as mapk14) and pgc-1-dependent pathways" SIGNOR-210056 ARHGEF25 protein Q86VW2 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 10090 16314529 t gcesareni "Exogenous expression of geft promotes myogenesis ofc2c12 cells via activation of rhoa, rac1, and cdc42 and their downstream effector proteins, while a dominant negative mutant of geft inhibits this process." SIGNOR-236882 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys377 NEPSLQSkLQDEANY 10090 BTO:0002572;BTO:0000801 21232017 t lperfetto "Following binding to tradd, traf2 was thought to mediate non-degradative lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of rip1 via its ring e3 ligase domain. Rip1 is known to directly interact with traf2." SIGNOR-235407 ARHGEF26 protein Q96DR7 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260545 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CNN3 protein Q15417 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr261 SQKGMSVyGLGRQVY 9534 BTO:0000298 15206927 t "We identify, for the first time, tyrosine-phosphorylated calponin h3 within COS 7 cells, before and after their transfection with the pSV vector containing cDNA encoding the cytoplasmic, Src-related, tyrosine kinase, Fyn. we have localized the tyrosines phosphorylated without actin to Tyr261 in calponin h3 and to Tyr261 and Tyr182 in calponin h1. Tyrosine phosphorylation of calponins inhibits their binding to F-actin" SIGNOR-251159 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 BTO:0000938 12040039 t gcesareni "Stress in primary cultured cns neurons induces phosphorylation of c-jun serines 63 and 73 and increased c-jun protein. Jnk2/3 activity selectively targets c-jun." SIGNOR-88208 LAMB2 protein P55268 UNIPROT Laminin-9 complex SIGNOR-C180 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10809728 t lperfetto "Laminins are a large family of heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins that, in addition to having structural roles, take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The laminin alpha(4) chain is widely distributed both in adults and during development in tissues such as cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle fibers, vascular endothelia, lungs, and in peripheral nerves. It can associate with laminin beta(1)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-8 and with the beta(2)/gamma(1) chains to form laminin-9." SIGNOR-253224 perifosine chemical CHEBI:67272 ChEBI AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001130 14617782 t "Perifosine causes decrease in Akt Ser473 and Thr308 phosphorylation" gcesareni "Perifosine is an alkylphospholipid that targets the pleckstrin homology domain of akt and blocks its membrane translocation, hence preventing akt phosphorylation and activation" SIGNOR-252629 CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "BCR consists of a pair of identical immunoglob- ulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains. though membrane BCR per se is not able to transduce downstream signaling, it does so by making BCR complex with CD79. The extracellular portion of the BCR is non-covalently coupled to a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the CD79A and CD79B. This association allows expression of BCR on the plasma membrane and BCR internalization after antigen recognition." SIGNOR-268197 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 26003525 t miannu "Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) catalyzes the reversible reaction of l-aspartate and Œ±-ketoglutarate into oxaloacetate and L-glutamate and plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in all organisms. In human tissues, GOTs are pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes which exist in cytoplasm and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT1 expression correlates with the growth of several tumors because cancer cells can utilize the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes, and therefore, GOT1 represents a new therapeutic target in cancer." SIGNOR-267507 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser173 DGEFLRTsCGSPNYA 9606 19942859 t gcesareni "Pka associates with and phosphorylates ampk?1 At ser-173 to impede threonine thr-172 phosphorylation and thus activation of ampk1 by lkb1 in response to lipolytic signals" SIGNOR-161860 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT CECR2 protein Q9BXF3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 33144328 t miannu "SALL4 activates Cecr2 by directly binging to its promotor region and CECR2 in turn promotes reprogramming through forming a SMARCA1-contained chromatin remodeling complex with its DTT domain. " SIGNOR-263893 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 10090 BTO:0002572 28646232 t Gianni "We demonstrate that insulin-mediated activation of ERK1/2 results in phosphorylation of GSK3β at S9 independently of Akt/mTORC1 activity in Tsc2 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that inhibition of ERK1/2 rescues GSK3β activity and restores protein synthesis in Tsc2 −/− MEFs to normal levels" SIGNOR-262522 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 32482868 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "ERK1 phosphorylates MYC Ser62 resulting in MYC stabilization and activation" SIGNOR-270030 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1913 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269345 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser684 GSSTRKDsIPQVLLP 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "Screening for potential mediators of this effect resulted in the identification of the Rac1-specific GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP17 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF6 as new PKA and PKG substrates in platelets. We mapped the PKA/PKG phosphorylation sites to serine 702 on ARHGAP17 using Phos-tag gels and to serine 684 on ARHGEF6. |we show that ARHGEF6 is constitutively linked to GIT1, a GAP of Arf family small G proteins, and that ARHGEF6 phosphorylation enables binding of the 14-3-3 adaptor protein to the ARHGEF6/GIT1 complex." SIGNOR-272160 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser643 KILIASPsPTHIHKE 9606 BTO:0000567 18519666 t lperfetto "We show that at least two different nuclear protein kinases, one of them identified as p42/p44 mapk, can modify hif-1_. Analysis of in vitro phosphorylated hif-1_ by mass spectroscopy revealed residues ser-641 and ser-643 as possible mapk phosphorylation sites these data suggest that phosphorylation of ser-641/643 by mapk promotes the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of hif-1_" SIGNOR-178727 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser792 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 10090 SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR-C3 18439900 t lperfetto "These results suggest that AMPK activation can induce phosphorylation of both serine 722 and serine 792.|Raptor phosphorylation is required for inhibition of mTORC1 by AMPK" SIGNOR-163463 POLE protein Q07864 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase epsilon" complex SIGNOR-C377 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10801849 t lperfetto "Identification and cloning of two histone fold motif-containing subunits of HeLa DNA polymerase epsilon." SIGNOR-265520 GNG3 protein P63215 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-252685 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000891 10929712 t amattioni "Diablo seem to function as a general iaps neutralizer by binding to these protein. Diablo promotes casp9 activation by binding to inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, iaps, and removing their inhibitory activity. ciap1 and ciap2 undergo autoubiquitination and degradation upon binding to the iap antagonist second mitochondrial activator of caspases (smac)/direct iap-binding protein with low pi (diablo), which is released from the mitochondria." SIGNOR-80222 IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11278538 t gcesareni "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-105934 olanzapine chemical CHEBI:7735 ChEBI HTR1F protein P30939 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258512 CCAR2 protein Q8N163 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 22735644 t lperfetto " Here, we report that, in human cell lines, DNA damage triggered the phosphorylation of DBC1 on Thr454 by ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated) and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) kinases. Phosphorylated DBC1 bound to and inhibited SIRT1, resulting in the dissociation of the SIRT1-p53 complex and stimulating p53 acetylation and p53-dependent cell death. " SIGNOR-267663 "LE-TGN SNARE" complex SIGNOR-C157 SIGNOR M6PR protein P20645 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 18195106 t lperfetto "These findings place the retromer complex upstream of both STX10 function and the GCC185 tethering complex in MPR transport. Together, our data suggest that STX10, STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3 are important for the trafficking of both CD- and CI-MPRs.|Thus, MPRs must pass through a compartment of pH ≤ 5.5 before returning to the Golgi to carry out their biological function." SIGNOR-253084 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR NUP50 protein Q9UKX7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 KVAAETQsPSLFGST 9606 19767751 t llicata "Erk phosphorylates nup50 at ser221 and ser315 erk phosphorylation of the fg repeat region of nup50 reduced its affinity for importin-beta family proteins, importin-beta and transportin." SIGNOR-188131 IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24710148 t milica "The binding of lif to the lifr induces its heterodimerization with gp130. The formation of this complex results in the activation of the receptor-associated janus kinases (jaks), in the phosphorylation of receptor docking sites, and finally in the recruitment of src homology-2 (sh2) domain containing proteins such as stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)." SIGNOR-204841 HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257274 3-(dibutylamino)-1-[1,3-dichloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthrenyl]-1-propanol chemical CHEBI:94392 ChEBI KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19222165 t Luana "4 inhibited cloned hERG potassium ion channel repolarization with an IC50 comparable to other antimalarial agents in this class (Table 6)." SIGNOR-257816 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 21983014 f "In conclusion we demonstrated that treatment of HeLa cells with DMC leads to an enhanced formation of a complex consisting of NF-κB and HDAC1 that binds to the EGR1 promoter resulting in downregulation of EGR1 expression which plays a major role for transcriptional inhibition of mGPES-1 expression." SIGNOR-254258 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser430 DTLTPPPsDAGSPFQ 9606 BTO:0000567 16825193 t lperfetto "The transcription factor SREBP1 is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system following phosphorylation of Thr426 and Ser430 in its phosphodegron. We now demonstrate that the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of these residues in SREBP1 is enhanced in response to specific DNA binding" SIGNOR-236645 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser61 PLSTPCSsVPSSPSF 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159369 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2L3 protein P68036 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271360 ALDOB protein P05062 UNIPROT "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266480 COPS2 protein P61201 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 2" complex SIGNOR-C487 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270766 ARHGEF1 protein Q92888 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260528 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT FANCD2 protein Q9BXW9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr691 YGLEEYDtQDGIAIN 9606 16943440 t lperfetto "In the present study, we identify two novel dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites on fancd2, threonine 691 and serine 717. Atr phosphorylates fancd2 on these two sites, thereby promoting fancd2 monoubiquitination and enhancing cellular resistance to dna cross-linking agents" SIGNOR-149309 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR GKAP1 protein Q5VSY0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20389280 t miannu "Here, we identify the BTB-Kelch protein KLHL20 as a negative regulator of DAPK. KLHL20 binds DAPK and Cullin 3 (Cul3) via its Kelch-repeat domain and BTB domain, respectively. The KLHL20-Cul3-ROC1 E3 ligase complex promotes DAPK polyubiquitination, thereby inducing the proteasomal degradation of DAPK." SIGNOR-271962 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser410 GLPQRSGsNIEQYIH 9606 10455013 t lperfetto "3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1) expressed in unstimulated 293 cells was phosphorylated at ser-25, ser-241, ser-393, ser-396 and ser-410 and the level of phosphorylation of each site was unaffected by stimulation with insulin-like growth factor-1. Mutation of ser-241 to ala abolished pdk1 activity, whereas mutation of the other phosphorylation sites individually to ala did not affect pdk1 activity" SIGNOR-236772 JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10551863 t "Binding Calcium-dependent." gcesareni "Here we report the first x-ray structure of a functional fragment of a notch ligand, the dsl-egf3 domains of human jagged-1 (j-1dsl-egf3). The structure identifies a highly conserved face of the dsl domain and we show, by functional analysis of drosophila ligand mutants, that this surface is required for both cis- and trans-regulatory interactions with notch." SIGNOR-72112 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR PCGF3 protein Q3KNV8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271159 chelerythrine chemical CHEBI:78373 ChEBI MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t CellSignaling gcesareni SIGNOR-190964 ACSS1 protein Q9NUB1 UNIPROT "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271831 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HSPB8 protein Q9UJY1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser14 PFSCHYPsRLRRDPF 9606 BTO:0000887 11342557 t lperfetto "Hsp22 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (at residues ser(14) and thr(63)) and by p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (at residues ser(27) and thr(87)). Concerning the possible function of hsp22, no definitive conclusions can be drawn with the available data, although its function might be to bind to and modulate the activity of hsp27.Some Studies claimed that phosphorylation is required for the translocation" SIGNOR-107684 ARHGAP20 protein Q9P2F6 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260472 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr382 PRSINTDtLSKETDS 9606 BTO:0000567 19509060 t lperfetto "Here we report that the function of Nedd1 is regulated by Cdk1 and Plk1. During mitosis, Nedd1 is firstly phosphorylated at T550 by Cdk1, which creates a binding site for the polo-box domain of Plk1. Then, Nedd1 is further phosphorylated by Plk1 at four sites: T382, S397, S637 and S426. The sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 promotes its interaction with gamma-tubulin for targeting the gammaTuRC to the centrosome and is important for spindle formation." SIGNOR-272993 APBA1 protein Q02410 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein Q9ULB1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 11036064 t miannu "Mint1 and Mint2 Interact with the Cytoplasmic Domain of Neurexin I. The interaction of Mint1 with neurexins is mediated by its PDZ domains and allows the formation of mixed CASK-Mint complexes. Both CASK and Mint1 can bind directly to neurexins and to each other. Therefore, the assembly of various multimeric complexes could proceed as CASK could be indirectly recruited to neurexin-bound Mint1 and vice versa." SIGNOR-264038 GABRA5 protein P31644 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263765 NARS2 protein Q96I59 UNIPROT asparagine smallmolecule CHEBI:22653 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32788587 t miannu "Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) is a member of the ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic Class IIa family of tRNA synthetases required for protein translation. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase1 (NARS1) belongs to the class IIa family, based upon a 7 beta-strand protein structure. There are two NARS genes: NARS1 functions in the cytoplasm while NARS2 functions in mitochondria, solely responsible for asparagine tRNA charging in these locations." SIGNOR-270462 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT GPRIN1 protein Q7Z2K8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 18511691 t Luana "MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of six target genes. ChIP with anti-MeCP2 antibody shows that MeCP2 binds to the promoter regions of activated targets Sst, Oprk1, Gamt, and Gprin1, and repressed targets Mef2c and A2bp1." SIGNOR-264679 PELP1 protein Q8IZL8 UNIPROT "Rix1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C373 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22190735 t miannu "LAS1L was first described as a nucleolar protein required for maturation of the 60S preribosomal subunit. In this paper, we demonstrate that LAS1L interacts with PELP1, TEX10, and WDR18, the mammalian homologues of the budding yeast Rix1 complex, along with NOL9 and SENP3, to form a novel nucleolar complex that cofractionates with the 60S preribosomal subunit. our data identify a novel mammalian complex required for 60S ribosomal subunit synthesis, providing further insight into the intricate, yet poorly described, process of ribosome biogenesis in higher eukaryotes." SIGNOR-265469 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 9606 SIGNOR-C16 12058066 t gcesareni "Both subtypes of B23 proteins were phosphorylated during mitosis by cyclin B/cdc2. The RNA binding activity of B23.1 was repressed through cyclin B/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation at specific sites in B23. Thus, the RNA binding activity of B23.1 is stringently modulated by its phosphorylation and subtype association." SIGNOR-89609 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT LAMTOR1 protein Q6IAA8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 30020076 t "Ube3a regulates mTORC1 signaling by targeting p18, a subunit of the Ragulator. Ube3a ubiquinates p18, resulting in its proteasomal degradation, and Ube3a deficiency in the hippocampus of AS mice induces increased lysosomal localization of p18 and other members of the Ragulator-Rag complex, and increased mTORC1 activity" SIGNOR-256145 sufentanil chemical CHEBI:9316 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 21215785 t Luana "Experiments were conducted to obtain K(i)'s for 19 approved opioid drugs using a single binding assay in a cell membrane preparation expressing recombinant human MOR. The K(i) values obtained ranged from 0.1380 nM (sufentanil) to 12.486 μM (tramadol). " SIGNOR-257890 TCF12 protein Q99081 UNIPROT NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22577461 f miannu "Hebalt positively regulates t-cell genes, such as pt_ and notch3" SIGNOR-197517 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys64 KKELINIkGISEAKA -1 25585578 t miannu "The F-box DNA helicase 1 (FBH1) is a 3'-5' DNA helicase with a putative function as a negative regulator of HR. It is the only known DNA helicase to contain an F-box, suggesting that one of its functions is to act as a ubiquitin ligase as part of an SCF (SKP1, CUL1 and F-box) complex. Here we report that the central player in HR, RAD51, is ubiquitylated by the SCF(FBH1) complex. Expression of an ubiquitylation-resistant form of RAD51 in human cells leads to hyperrecombination, as well as several phenotypes indicative of an altered response to DNA replication stress. However, K58/64R RAD51 was ubiquitylated much less efficiently by FBH1 in vitro than was wild-type (WT) RAD51 (Fig. 1d), confirming that the primary sites of modification by FBH1 on RAD51 are K58 and K64." SIGNOR-272454 BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT ACVR1/BMPR2 complex SIGNOR-C30 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 7791754 t lperfetto "Bmpr-ii is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase that binds bmp-2 and bmp-7 in association with multiple type i receptors, including bmpr-ia/brk1, bmpr-ib, and actr-i, which is also an activin type i receptor." SIGNOR-33437 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT HMGN1 protein P05114 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser7 sSAEGAAK 10090 12773393 t lperfetto "The results presented here show that MSK2 and, to a lesser extent, MSK1 are the major protein kinases required for the phosphorylation of histone H3 at both Ser10 and Ser28 and HMG-14 at Ser6 after stimulation of primary embryonic fibroblasts by TPA or anisomycin." SIGNOR-249215 WNT6 protein Q9Y6F9 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22944199 f gcesareni "In explant cultures of mouse paraxial mesoderm, wnt1 induced expression of the mrf myf5, whereas wnt7a or wnt6 preferentially activated the mrf myod. Wnt4, wnt5a and wnt6 exert an intermediate effect activating both myf5 and myod equivalently in paraxial mesoderm." SIGNOR-198916 UBC protein P0CG48 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26161729 t lperfetto "Mechanism of phospho-ubiquitin-induced PARKIN activation|PhosphoUb binding leads to straightening of a helix in the RING1 domain, and the resulting conformational changes release the Ubl domain from the PARKIN core; this activates PARKIN|Our results show that PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of both parkin and ubiquitin is sufficient for full activation of parkin E3 activity. These findings demonstrate that phosphorylated ubiquitin is a parkin activator." SIGNOR-249692 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257400 CEBPD protein P49716 UNIPROT TNFAIP6 protein P98066 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 23028973 f "CEBPD activated in macrophages played a functional role in promoting the tube formation of endothelial cells and the migration and proliferation of synoviocytes. In vivo DNA binding assays and reporter assays showed that CEBPD up-regulated CCL20, CXCL1, IL23A and TNFAIP6 transcripts through direct binding to their promoter regions." SIGNOR-254057 CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT androst-4-ene-3,17-dione smallmolecule CHEBI:16422 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000975 27702664 t lperfetto "The cytochrome P450 aromatase is involved in the last step of sex hormones biosynthesis by converting androgens into estrogens. |Human aromatase (CYP19A1) is a membrane-bound class II cytochrome P450 that converts androgens into estrogens [1], [2], [3], [4]. Specifically, the enzyme is involved sex hormones biosynthesis where it is responsible for the conversion of androstenedione, testosterone and 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone into estrone, estradiol and estriol, respectively" SIGNOR-268672 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12024016 t gcesareni "Results from this study indicate that the checkpoint protein kinase atm (mutated in ataxia telangiectasia) was required for phosphorylation of brca1 in response to ionizing radiation. Brca1 is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in an atm-dependent, radiation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-87845 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser217 YTRTGSEsPKVCSDQ 9606 17318175 t "The data suggest that PP1 controls Wnt signaling through interaction with, and regulated dephosphorylation of, axin| Axin phosphorylation markedly enhances the binding of glycogen synthase kinase 3, leading to a more active beta-catenin destruction complex. Wnt-regulated changes in axin phosphorylation, mediated by PP1, may therefore determine beta-catenin transcriptional activity| Four sites, S80, S82, S222, and S473, were identified to be PP1 regulated" SIGNOR-248553 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA1 protein P21709 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "The eph family receptors and ligands." SIGNOR-51932 BMP1 protein P13497 UNIPROT COL5A2 protein P05997 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Glu1253 SEVKMDAeFRHDSGY 9606 BTO:0002974 11741999 t miannu "BMP-1 Can Efficiently Cleave Pro-α1(V) N-propeptides and Pro-α2(V) C-propeptides and Less Efficiently Cleave Pro-α1(V) C-propeptides in Vitro. BMP-1 efficiently cleaves pro-α2(V) C-propeptides at a single site between residues 1250 (Glu) and 1251 (Asp)." SIGNOR-256343 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CHRNA7 protein P36544 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr386 ASNGNLLyIGFRGLD 9606 16251431 t gcesareni "?7 Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are negatively regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and src-family kinases" SIGNOR-141307 MBL2 protein P11226 UNIPROT MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000392 9087411 t lperfetto "The results (Fig. 3A) show that the anti-MBL antibody, in addition to binding MBL captures both MASP-1 and MASP-2|Our results emphasize the similarity between complement activation through the MBL, or 'MBLectin' pathway of the innate immune system and the classical pathway of complement activation (Fig. 5)." SIGNOR-263414 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT NFAT5 protein O94916 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr135 TVQQHPStPKRHTVL 9606 BTO:0000007 21209322 t lperfetto "High nacl-induced activation of cdk5 increases phosphorylation of the osmoprotective transcription factor tonebp/orebp at threonine 135, which contributes to its rapid nuclear localization. n hek293 cells, mass spectrometry shows phosphorylation of tonebp/orebp-s120, -s134, -t135, and -s155." SIGNOR-170886 "PAR-1 (Protease-Activated Receptor) Selective Activating Peptide" smallmolecule CID:71312048 PUBCHEM F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257485 "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "ribosomal RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:18111 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1).¬†" SIGNOR-266159 PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT MEOX1 protein P50221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11423130 t miannu "We show that Mox1 and Mox2 proteins are capable of interacting with Pax1 and Pax3. We propose that the Mox family of homeodomain proteins participates in the molecular signaling network regulating the diverse events of somite development through the physical interaction with the Pax1 and Pax3 members of the Pax family." SIGNOR-222235 PCDH19 protein Q8TAB3 UNIPROT GABRA2 protein P47869 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 SIGNOR-C331 29360992 t miannu "Here, we found that PCDH19 binds the alpha subunits of GABAAR and regulates its surface availability and currents in cultured hippocampal neurons. The PCDH19 gene (Xp22.1) encodes the cell-adhesion protein protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) and is responsible for a neurodevelopmental pathology characterized by female-limited epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autistic features, the pathogenic mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a new interaction between PCDH19 and GABAA receptor (GABAAR) alpha subunits in the rat brain. PCDH19 shRNA-mediated downregulation reduces GABAAR surface expression and affects the frequency and kinetics of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. " SIGNOR-267218 SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT LRP1 protein Q07954 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20980003 f miannu "In the present study we report that specific silencing of either SREBP-1 or SREBP-2 enhanced LRP1 whereas overexpression of the active SREBP isoforms decreased LRP1 expression." SIGNOR-254461 H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C323 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24311584 t miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression. However, no structural differences between H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 have been reported. In the present study, the crystal structures of nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 were determined." SIGNOR-263712 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT CCDC50 protein Q8IVM0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr279 TDGEDADyTHFTNQQ 9606 BTO:0000567 19059208 t miannu "We also detected tyrosine phosphorylation of Ymer by EGF stimulation as previously reported (Fig. 1A). Furthermore, we verified that EGF receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Ymer is inhibited by AG1478, which is known as an EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Fig. 1B). A luciferase reporter assay showed that mutation of tyrosines on Ymer (YmerY217/279/304F) results in loss of the inhibitory activity for NF-kappaB signaling." SIGNOR-262851 NEK2 protein P51955 UNIPROT LRRC45 protein Q96CN5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser661 VLAYVQAsPVRTLSP 9606 BTO:0000567 24035387 t miannu " Moreover, LRRC45 interacts with both C-Nap1 and rootletin and is phosphorylated by Nek2A at S661 during mitosis. After phosphorylation, both LRRC45 centrosomal localization and fiber-like structures are significantly reduced, which subsequently leads to centrosome separation. " SIGNOR-273707 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266522 11-deoxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16973 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258713 CD70 protein P32970 UNIPROT CD27 protein P26842 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 12324477 t gcesareni "The molecule defining the cd70 ag is identical to the recently defined ligand for cd27. Bioassays demonstrated that the cd70 cdna clone expressed in african green monkey kidney cells would induce the proliferation of pha-costimulated t cells. Ramos cells were mixed with increasing numbers of transfected cells that expressed cd70 (cd27l) or cd154 (cd40l), both of which are expressed by activated t cells, in the presence of anti-igm ab. Cd27 ligation as well as cd40 ligation inhibited bcr-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner." SIGNOR-93435 selumetinib chemical CHEBI:90227 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258281 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR up-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, placental growth factor, interleukin-8, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor" SIGNOR-252285 MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 1411546 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "The primary structure of mek, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the erk gene product" SIGNOR-269895 NPBWR1 protein P48145 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256675 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT DDX24 protein Q9GZR7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 24980433 t miannu "MDM2 mediates nonproteolytic polyubiquitylation of the DEAD-Box RNA helicase DDX24. Unexpectedly, however, the polyubiquitylation of DDX24 did not elicit its proteasomal degradation but rather promoted its association with preribosomal ribonucleoprotein (pre-rRNP) processing complexes that are required for the early steps of pre-rRNA processing." SIGNOR-272845 SNX5 protein Q9Y5X3 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 32150533 t miannu "Here, we discovered that the binding between SNX-BARs and CI-MPR or IGF1R is mediated by the phox-homology (PX) domain of SNX5 or SNX6 and a bipartite motif, termed SNX-BAR-binding motif (SBM), in the cargoes. our studies establish that SNX-BARs function as a direct cargo-selecting module for a large set of transmembrane proteins transiting the endosome, in addition to their roles in phospholipid recognition and biogenesis of tubular structures." SIGNOR-269444 ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT PMP22 protein Q01453 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 16436605 t Regulation miannu "PMP22 is in a complex with α6β4 integrin and laminin. PMP22 and β4 integrin are in a complex in a variety of cell types. The interaction with the integrins provides PMP22 with the ability to modulate the cell–ECM communications, as well as intracellular events. Signaling between the ECM and the intracellular compartment is essential for SC myelination, as well as cellular differentiation and motility, in general. The identification of PMP22 as a binding partner for an integrin signaling complex provides a major step toward understanding the role of this disease-linked molecule in the nervous system and in non-neural cell types." SIGNOR-251896 "CGB Family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF108 SIGNOR LHCGR protein P22888 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10446903 t gcesareni "The ?-Subunit of human choriogonadotropin interacts with the exodomain of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor" SIGNOR-69400 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser19 EVCDERTsLMSAESP -1 8972483 t llicata "In vivo phosphorylation of PS-2 was mapped to serine residues 7, 9, and 19 within an acidic stretch at the N terminus, which is absent in PS-1. casein kinase (CK)-1 and CK-2 were shown to phosphorylate the N terminus of PS-2 in vitro. " SIGNOR-250790 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 20509143 f miannu "SLUG up-regulation engenders breast cancer cells with stem cell-like properties including enhanced expression of CD44 and Jagged-1 in conjunction with estrogen receptor alpha down-regulation, growth as mammospheres, and extracellular matrix invasiveness." SIGNOR-255154 TAF1A protein Q15573 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15970593 t lperfetto "Gene promoters with a TATA box tend to be bound by the SAGA complex which includes TBP, SUPT3H, and GCN5 (Basehoar et al., 2004; Rodríguez-Navarro, 2009). Therefore, it was thought that TATA-containing genes were mainly regulated by the SAGA complex, while TATA-less genes were independently regulated by TFIID (Pugh and Tjian, 1991; Basehoar et al., 2004). However, recent studies in yeast indicate that most genes utilize both TFIID and SAGA, and that the relative contribution of each complex likely depends on the individual context" SIGNOR-269591 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9767234 f miannu "Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) receptor binding activity and melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R) gene expression on normal human melanocytes have been studied as responses to the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB), interleukin-1 (IL-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which are known as UV sensitive regulators of melanocytic function. MSH receptor (MSH-R) binding activity was upregulated by UVB, IL-1alpha, -1beta and ET-1, but was downregulated by TNF-alpha.Northern blotanalysis showed that MC1-R mRNA expression was induced 24 h after UVB irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and that 24-h treatment with ET-1 also induced an expression of MC1-R mRNA,whereas TNF-a downregulated the expression. In addition, IL-1a and -1b have a small but real inductiveeffect on MC1-R mRNA expression." SIGNOR-252388 "C3 convertase complex (C3bBb)" complex SIGNOR-C314 SIGNOR C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg671 QPAARRRrSVQLTEK 9606 BTO:0000089 26489954 t lperfetto "In addition to the surface‐bound C3 convertase, a fluid‐phase convertase can be formed by association of water‐reacted C3, termed C3(H20), to FB thus constantly maintaining a low level of complement activation in solution (tick‐over). Both of the surface‐bound C3 convertases can bind a C3b molecule whereby the C5 convertases are formed. These cleave C5 into C5a and C5b, thus initiating the terminal pathway and leading to formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC)." SIGNOR-263477 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser213 QNIPAHYsPRTSPIM 9606 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248516 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser496 ATPQRSGsVSNYRSC 9606 27784766 t Luana "These data indicate a novel regulatory role of PKC to inhibit AMPKα1 in human cells. As PKC activation is associated with insulin resistance and obesity, PKC may underlie the reduced Protein kinase C phosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase α1 Ser487. | AMPK activity reported in response to overnutrition in insulin-resistant metabolic and vascular tissues." SIGNOR-259865 RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "WAVE complex" complex SIGNOR-C271 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 27871158 t lperfetto "Cdc42 can induce Arp2/3-mediated filopodia formation through the activation of WASp (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins) and neuronal N-WASp (Rohatgi et al., 1999). Similarly, Rac1-enhanced lamellipodia formation is related to Arp2/3 activation by the WAVE (WASP-family verprolin-homologous) complex" SIGNOR-261877 eIF4F_complex complex SIGNOR-C44 SIGNOR Translational_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH202 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30459806 f gianni "The mRNA cap-binding protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), is involved in the recruitment of the ribosome to the mRNA cap structure, playing a central role in the regulation of translation initiation" SIGNOR-268530 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT KHSRP protein Q92945 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser193 GLPERSVsLTGAPES 9606 17177604 t lperfetto "Beta-catenin transcript can be stabilized by either wnt or pi3k-akt signaling activation. Akt phosphorylates ksrp at a unique serine residue akt phosphorylates the mrna decay-promoting factor ksrp at a unique serine residue, induces its association with the multifunctional protein 14-3-3, and prevents ksrp interaction with the exoribonucleolytic complex exosome." SIGNOR-252497 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 VHPPLPIsQSPENES 9606 4709074 t lperfetto "Mll is phosphorylated at serine 516 by atr in response to genotoxic stress in the s phase, which disrupts its interaction with, and hence its degradation by, the scf(skp2) e3 ligase, leading to its accumulation." SIGNOR-25151 MAPKAPK3 protein Q16644 UNIPROT HSPB1 protein P04792 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser82 RALSRQLsSGVSEIR -1 8774846 t miannu "MAPKAP kinase-3 and MAPKAP kinase-2 phosphorylated peptide substrates with similar kinetic constants and phosphorylated the same serine residues in HSP27 at the same relative rates.The three serine residues in HSP27 phosphorylated by MAPKAPK2 were also phosphorylated at the same relative rates by MAPKAP-K3 (Ser-82>>Ser-78 >Ser-15)" SIGNOR-250161 IL22RA1 protein Q8N6P7 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12087100 t gcesareni "Il-22 activates jak1 and tyk2" SIGNOR-90165 UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT KPC complex SIGNOR-C523 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 15531880 t miannu " We now describe a previously unidentified E3 complex: KPC (Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex), consisting of KPC1 and KPC2. KPC1 contains a RING-finger domain, and KPC2 contains a ubiquitin-like domain and two ubiquitin-associated domains. KPC interacts with and ubiquitinates p27(Kip1) and is localized to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of KPC promoted the degradation of p27(Kip1), whereas a dominant-negative mutant of KPC1 delayed p27(Kip1) degradation.  Polyubiquitination activity of KPC was apparent with only Ubc4 or UbcH5A." SIGNOR-271514 GAMT protein Q14353 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 26319512 f Luana "GAMT enzyme (EC#2.1.1.2) deficiency caused by mutations in the GAMT gene (MIM# 601240) results in the depletion of creatine and accumulation of guanidinoacetate (GAA). Creatine has a buffering and transport function of high-energy phosphates in brain and muscle and is essential for growth cone migration, dendritic and axonal elongation, neurotransmitter release, and co-transmission on gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) postsynaptic receptors in the central nervous system" SIGNOR-265795 C5AR2 protein Q9P296 UNIPROT ITGAM protein P11215 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263463 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1261 PMKKLHVsTINLQKA 10090 BTO:0002572 31186373 t miannu "AMPK directly activates mTORC2 to promote cell survival during acute energetic stress. AMPK associates with and phosphorylates mTOR within mTORC2., these data indicate that AMPK phosphorylates mTOR on Ser1261 within mTORC2, an event that correlates with increased mTORC2 autophosphorylation and downstream signaling." SIGNOR-262535 cetirizine chemical CHEBI:3561 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7925364 t miannu "The human H1-receptor cDNA was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) via an eukaryotic expression vector; the receptor protein present on cell membranes specifically bound [3H]mepyramine with a Kd of 3.7 nM. The binding was displaced by H1-histamine-receptor antagonists and histamine. Affinity of histamine and selected histamine antagonists for human H, receptors expressed in CHO cells (CHO H,-30) and a comparison with HI receptors found in guinea pig cerebellum." SIGNOR-258868 CCKAR protein P32238 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256763 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT PIAS2 protein O75928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser116 VTPHSPSsPVGSVLL 9606 BTO:0000007 16713578 t miannu "The switch between the coactivating and inhibitory actions of PIASxα is controlled, at least in part, through PIASxα phosphorylation. PIASxα is itself phosphorylated by p38 in vitro and in vivo in response to the activation of stress signaling pathways (Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4). We identify Ser113 and Ser 116 as two residues that are phosphorylated by p38 and have important functional roles" SIGNOR-262947 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser750 QTEEEEHsCLEQAS 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C14 10195894 t lperfetto "Once activated, ikkbeta autophosphorylated at a carboxyl-terminal serine cluster. Such phosphorylation decreased ikk activity and may prevent prolonged activation of the inflammatory response" SIGNOR-66352 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 BTO:0000567 17615152 t gcesareni "In several estrogen response element-containing genes, the s118a mutation strongly reduced induction by e(2), and u0126 did not further reduce expression. Here, we show that serines 104 (s104) and 106 (s106) are also phosphorylated by mapk in vitro and upon stimulation of mapk activity in vivo.Phosphorylation at serines 104 and 106 by erk1/2 mapk is important for estrogen receptor-alpha activity" SIGNOR-156848 FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT LRP5 protein O75197 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25902418 t areggio "Here we report that Wnt receptor Frizzled (Frz) and theco-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (LRP5/6) directly interact with each other and this interaction is regulated by the LRP6 ectodomain." SIGNOR-258968 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 phosphorylation:Ser1387 QPLSKSSsSPELQTL 16959574 t gcesareni "Gsk3 inhibits the mtor pathway by phosphorylating tsc2 in a manner dependent on ampk-priming phosphorylation." SIGNOR-149377 MRPS28 protein Q9Y2Q9 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-267732 KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT UHRF1 protein Q96T88 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 f miannu "We concluded that FBXL10 recruits the noncanonical PRC1 complex to directly repress Cdk1, Uhrf1, and Pparg that may account for the FBXL10-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-252245 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A10/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C167 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257678 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1644 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248781 USP4 protein Q13107 UNIPROT BRAP protein Q7Z569 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23105109 t miannu "Here we report on a novel interaction between the E3 ligase BRAP (also referred to as IMP), a negative regulator of the MAPK scaffold protein KSR, and two closely related deubiquitylases, USP15 and USP4. USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15." SIGNOR-272031 AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10829020 t gcesareni "We found that in contrast to axin, dvl2 activation of jnk does not require mekk1." SIGNOR-77591 FBXO4 protein Q9UKT5 UNIPROT FXR1 protein P51114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29142209 t miannu "Fbxo4-mediated degradation of Fxr1 suppresses tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomaThe Fbxo4 tumour suppressor is a component of an Skp1-Cul1-F-box E3 ligase for which two substrates are known. Here we show purification of SCFFbxo4 complexes results in the identification of fragile X protein family (FMRP, Fxr1 and Fxr2) as binding partners. Biochemical and functional analyses reveal that Fxr1 is a direct substrate of SCFFbxo4. " SIGNOR-272795 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1668 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120008 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr520 DNTPHTPtPFKNALE 9606 10593981 t llicata "Ten phosphorylation sites carboxyl-terminal to the DNA-binding domain were identified by this method: threonines at positions 267, 408, 497, 519, 522, and 524 and serines at positions 283, 396, 455, and 581. | Our results indicate that B-Myb can be phosphorylated in a cell-free system by both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. | These data suggest that B-Myb is a target for phosphorylation by cyclin-Cdk2 and that phosphorylation of B-Myb regulates its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-250741 CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT UBE2D3 protein P61077 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 21044962 f miannu "knockdown of SLUG in SLUG-high breast cancer cells elevated the levels of UbcH5c while decreasing the level of cyclin D1 protein. SLUG is recruited at the E2-box sequence at the UbcH5c gene promoter along with the corepressor CtBP1 and the effector HDAC1 to silence the expression of this gene." SIGNOR-255174 CTDSPL2 protein Q05D32 UNIPROT PDIK1L protein Q8N165 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser194 KVADFGLsKVCSASG 9606 BTO:0002181 35021089 t miannu " We found that peptides corresponding to phosphoserines 194 and 216 of PDIK1L (S385 and S413 of STK35) were efficiently dephosphorylated by SCP4, whereas no activity was detected for the other two phosphopeptides (Figure 6D)." SIGNOR-273773 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser49 CHRLPPGsLSSTPLS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159365 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT Granulocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH102 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11283671 f apalma "We previously reported that the transcription factor C/EBPα is sufficient to induce granulocytic differentiation in multipotential precursor cells, and that Cebpa -knockout mice have a selective block in granulocyte maturation" SIGNOR-255674 TBL1X protein O60907 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20181957 t miannu "TBL1 appears to serve two roles in regulating the activity of β-catenin. Besides the initially identified role of TBL1 in recruiting β-catenin to the SCF(TBL1) complex, it has also been shown to function as a transcriptional co-activator of β-catenin in recruiting it to the promoter site of Wnt target genes. Our results indicated that TBL1 can inhibit the polyubiquitination of β-catenin by Siah-1 in vitro (Fig. 3) and stabilize β-catenin in cells by protecting it from Siah-1-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (Fig. 4)." SIGNOR-271954 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 21673106 f gcesareni "Finally, we demonstrate that the basal expression of both myocd and mrtf-a is negatively regulated by klf4. . The mechanism of inhibition of myocd or mrtf-a by klf4 is currently unclear and warrants future study." SIGNOR-174255 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser154 AKPEPSPsPRITRKS 9606 21565170 t gcesareni "We report that cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) 1, 2 and 5 can phosphorylate ser154 of human dnmt1 in vitro. Further evidence of phosphorylation of endogenous dnmt1 at position 154 by cdks is also found in 293 cells treated with roscovitine, a specific inhibitor of cdk1, 2 and 5" SIGNOR-173685 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TFAP4 protein Q01664 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000452 21228219 f miannu "TGFβ effectively inhibits expression of SALL2 and its regulator AP4 when added to quiescent fibroblasts." SIGNOR-255428 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 22378047 f lperfetto "KLF4 cooperates with Stat6 to induce M2 genes (Arg-1, Mrc1, Fizz1, PPAR?) and inhibit M1 genes (TNFa, Cox-2, CCL5, iNOS) via sequestration of coactivators required for NF-kappaB activation." SIGNOR-249569 CHMP7 protein Q8WUX9 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265525 MSL3 protein Q8N5Y2 UNIPROT "MSL acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C344 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 16227571 t miannu "We describe a stable, multisubunit human histone acetyltransferase complex (hMSL) that contains homologs of the Drosophila dosage compensation proteins MOF, MSL1, MSL2, and MSL3. This complex shows strong specificity for histone H4 lysine 16 in chromatin in vitro, and RNA interference-mediated knockdown experiments reveal that it is responsible for the majority of H4 acetylation at lysine 16 in the cell." SIGNOR-263940 VARS1 protein P26640 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30755602 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase." SIGNOR-270529 SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 25624485 t "Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity." gcesareni "Because the KRAS-GDP to KRAS-GTP transition catalyzed by the GEF, son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), represents the rate-limiting step for nucleotide exchange, disrupting the activating SOS1/KRAS protein interaction has also been the focus of drug development efforts" SIGNOR-175256 AMOT protein Q4VCS5 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 21808241 t gcesareni "Yap/taz and angiomotin (amot) family proteins were shown to interact, resulting in yap/taz localization to tight junctions and inhibition through phosphorylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms." SIGNOR-175779 ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-267102 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT INF2 protein Q27J81 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272798 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT EPOR protein P19235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr456 PPHLKYLyLVVSDSG 12441334 t "JAK2 in turn phosphorylates several tyrosine residues on the EpoR-cytosolic domain and probably on JAK2 itself that serve as docking sites for SH2 or protein tyrosine binding domains of downstream signal transduction proteins such as STAT5, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, and tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2" SIGNOR-251351 TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr176 PFISEGTtLKDLIYD 9606 8576253 t lperfetto "Recent studies have revealed that upon TGF-beta binding several serine and threonine residues in the GS domain of TGF-beta type I receptor (T beta R-I) are phosphorylated by TGF-beta type II receptor (T beta R-II) and that the phosphorylation of GS domain is essential for TGF-beta signalingThese observations indicate that serine 172 and threonine 176 of T beta R-I are dispensable for extracellular matrix protein production but essential to the growth inhibition by TGF-beta" SIGNOR-246732 RAB14 protein P61106 UNIPROT RUFY1 protein Q96T51 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 20534812 t Giulio "Here, we have demonstrated that Rab14 interacts with RUFY1, previously identified as a Rab4 effector, and is required for RUFY1 recruitment onto endosomes and efficient recycling of Tfn." SIGNOR-261279 9-(1-Methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-[1-(1-oxoprop-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]-2-benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridinone chemical CID:71748056 PUBCHEM BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24556163 t miannu "BTK is a member of the TEC family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases whose deregulation has been implicated in a variety of B-cell-related diseases. We have used structure-based drug design in conjunction with kinome profiling and cellular assays to develop a potent, selective, and irreversible BTK kinase inhibitor, QL47, which covalently modifies Cys481. QL47 inhibits BTK kinase activity with an IC50 of 7 nM, inhibits autophosphorylation of BTK on Tyr223 in cells with an EC50 of 475 nM, and inhibits phosphorylation of a downstream effector PLCγ2 (Tyr759) with an EC50 of 318 nM." SIGNOR-262238 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 10116 BTO:0000452 1749429 t lperfetto "Expression of oncogenic ha-ras augments transactivation by c-jun and stimulates its phosphorylation. Here we describe the mapping of the ha-ras-responsive phosphorylation sites to serines 63 and 73 of c-jun. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that phosphorylation of these serines is essential for stimulation of c-jun activity and for cooperation with ha-ras in ocogenic transformation." SIGNOR-236682 ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001130 15542423 f gcesareni "Suspected erbb receptor involvement in prostate cancer originates partly from the realization that these proteins are capable of promoting the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (ar), her2/her3 effects on ar included effects on protein stability and stimulation of dna binding to ar target genes." SIGNOR-130443 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1479 HVYEKLSsIESDV 9606 BTO:0000938 15537897 t gcesareni "Here we show that casein kinase ii (ck2) phosphorylates the serine residue (ser1480) within the c-terminal pdz ligand (iesdv) of the nr2b subunit of nmdar in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of ser1480 disrupts the interaction of nr2b with the pdz domains of psd-95 and sap102 and decreases surface nr2b expression in neurons." SIGNOR-130336 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PHLPP1 protein O60346 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1359 VPRPHVQsVLLTPQD 9606 19797085 t llicata "In addition, we show that the beta-trcp-mediated degradation requires phosphorylation of phlpp1 by casein kinase i and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (gsk-3beta), and activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt pathway suppresses the degradation of phlpp1 by inhibiting the gsk-3beta activity." SIGNOR-188330 "Papain-like proteinase" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037311 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17761676 t lperfetto "PLpro interacts with IRF-3, and inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-3, thereby disrupting the activation of type I IFN responses through either Toll-like receptor 3 or retinoic acid inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 pathways." SIGNOR-260276 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR INF2 protein Q27J81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys345 VERLLSVkGRPRPSP 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272800 "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI PTGER2 protein P43116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257570 ATF6 protein P18850 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 14973138 t Luana " Accordingly, N-terminal fragments of each ATF6 isoform (N-ATF6α and N-ATF6β) were overexpressed in HeLa cells and the effects on GRP78 induction were assessed. When expressed at similar levels, N-ATF6α conferred ∼200-fold greater GRP78 promoter activation than N-ATF6β. " SIGNOR-261565 KLKB1 protein P03952 UNIPROT KNG1 protein P01042 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg389 PPGFSPFrSSRIGEI 9606 BTO:0000131 cleavage:Arg390 CTTKTSTrIVGGTNS 28966616 t lperfetto "Bradykinin is a nonapeptide composed of the sequence Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg and functions as an inflammatory mediator. BK is the product of the kallikrein–kinin system following activation of FXII. FXIIa leads to proteolysis of PK, and the resulting PKa cleaves HK to generate BK (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-263548 MPG protein P29372 UNIPROT IGBP1 protein P78318 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" monoubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22613722 t miannu " We show MID1-dependent monoubiquitination of α4 triggers calpain-mediated cleavage and switches α4's activity from protective to destructive, resulting in increased Tau phosphorylation. MID1 serves as the E3 ligase for α4 (2B), leading to a conformational change in α4 whereby the UIM of α4 binds in cis to the covalently attached ubiquitin (Ub; 3). This structural rearrangement then leads to calpain-mediated cleavage of the C terminus of α4 (4), allowing for polyubiquitination of PP2Ac by a currently unknown E3 ligase (5) and subsequent degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-272040 LIMK2 protein P53671 UNIPROT CFL1 protein P23528 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser3 sGVAVSDG 9606 BTO:0000567 11171090 t lperfetto "We report here that limk1 and limk2 phosphorylate both cofilin and actin-depolymerizing factor (adf) specifically at ser-3 and exhibit partially distinct substrate specificity when tested using site-directed cofilin mutants as substrates" SIGNOR-105098 CTDSPL protein O15194 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser206 SSSTYPHsPTSSDPG 9606 BTO:0000552 17085434 t "Smad proteins transduce bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signals upon phosphorylation of their C-terminal SXS motif by receptor kinases.|Phosphatases that dephosphorylate the linker region are therefore likely to play an integral part in the regulation of Smad activity. We reported previously that small C-terminal domain phosphatases 1, 2, and 3 (SCP1-3) dephosphorylate Smad1 C-terminal tail, thereby attenuating BMP signaling. |The linker region of Smad1 consists of four MAPK phosphorylation sites (Ser-187, Ser-195, Ser-206, and Ser-214)" SIGNOR-248315 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr347 RKKSWEVyQGVCQKG 9606 16226010 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that egf is capable of inducing src-mediated phosphorylation of the tyrosine residues 177 and 347 of bkr. Their replacement by phenylalanine led to bkr mutants which are unable to activate the camp pathway." SIGNOR-141107 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PRKAR2B protein P31323 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser114 NRFTRRAsVCAEAYN 9606 15187164 t gcesareni "Serine 114 phosphorylation is required for both nuclear localization and down-regulation of il-2 production by riibeta." SIGNOR-125545 RNF149 protein Q8NC42 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 22628551 t miannu "We showed that RNF149 bound directly to the C-terminal kinase-containing domain of wild-type BRAF and induced ubiquitination, followed by proteasome-dependent degradation, of the latter protein. Functionally, RNF149 attenuated the increase in cell growth induced by wild-type BRAF. " SIGNOR-272043 PLEKHA7 protein Q6IQ23 UNIPROT PDZD11 protein Q5EBL8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003618 30463011 t Simone "Using cell biological and biochemical methods, we now show that ADAM10 is docked to junctions by its transmembrane partner Tspan33, whose cytoplasmic C terminus binds to the WW domain of PLEKHA7 in the presence of PDZD11. The PLEKHA7-PDZD11 Complex Clusters ADAM10 at Junctions through Tspan33" SIGNOR-261253 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser101 GSHRDQGsSALSGVG 9606 BTO:0001271 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-174840 INSIG1 protein O15503 UNIPROT SCAP protein Q12770 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 12202038 t "Using coimmunoprecipitation and tandem mass spectrometry, we identify INSIG-1 as an ER protein that binds the sterol-sensing domain of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and facilitates retention of the SCAP/SREBP complex in the ER." SIGNOR-267495 SMAD2/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C8 SIGNOR CDKN2B protein P42772 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11013220 f irozzo "Our data demonstrate the physical interactions and functional cooperativity of Sp1 with a complex of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 in the induction of the p15Ink4B gene. These findings explain the tumor suppressor roles of Smad2 and Smad4 in growth arrest signaling by TGF-β." SIGNOR-256287 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22521266 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated foxo1 is inactive and retained in the cytosol. Mkp-3 mediated dephosphorylation activates foxo1 and subsequentially promotes its nuclear translocation and binding to the promoters of gluconeogenic genes, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase)." SIGNOR-252924 TACR3 protein P29371 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257179 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11807557 t miannu "Here we show that calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous Ca2+-sensing protein, binds to the carboxy-terminal 'IQ' domain of the human cardiac Na channel (hH1) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This binding interaction significantly enhances slow inactivation-a channel-gating process linked to life-threatening idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias." SIGNOR-253410 Hemoglobin complex SIGNOR-C209 SIGNOR hb:hp complex SIGNOR-C149 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11854029 t miannu "CD163 was identified as the endocytic receptor binding hemoglobin (Hb) in complex with the plasma protein haptoglobin (Hp). This specific receptor-ligand interaction leading to removal from plasma of the Hp-Hb complex-but not free Hp or Hb-now explains the depletion of circulating Hp in individuals with increased intravascular hemolysis." SIGNOR-255284 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000876 BTO:0001103 19436055 f apalma "Low pM concentrations of GM-CSF mediate βc Ser585 phosphorylation, leading to 14-3-3 binding, PI-3 kinase activation, and hemopoietic cell survival, whereas at concentrations of 10 pM or more, GM-CSF mediates βc Tyr577 phosphorylation, Shc recruitment, and PI-3 kinase activation, thereby promoting both survival and proliferation." SIGNOR-255577 TAF5 protein Q15542 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263929 RIF1 protein Q5UIP0 UNIPROT G1/S_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH50 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15342490 f miannu "This result would suggest that Rif1 acts in an intra-S-phase checkpoint pathway that is separate from the Nbs1 pathway. Although a role for human Rif1 at telomeres is not excluded, our data show that the primary function of Rif1 is in the DNA-damage response. Rif1 localizes to DSBs in an ATM- and 53BP1-dependent manner and functions in the intra-S-phase checkpoint that serves to slow down DNA synthesis when DNA damage has occurred." SIGNOR-259060 PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 22260161 f apalma "We have previously shown that PER2 is a downstream CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-target gene, and its disruption might be involved in the initiation and progression of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)" SIGNOR-256371 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr223 LKKVVALyDYMPMNA 9606 12445832 t Manara "In this report we describe for the first time that ABL1 and Btk physically interact and that ABL1 can phosphorylate tyrosine 223 in the SH3 domain of Btk. | This is presumably due to the negative regulatory effectof Btk SH3 domain phosphorylation caused by ABL1,which would result in a decreased catalytic activity ofBtk resulting in impaired autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-260801 DCAF1 protein Q9Y4B6 UNIPROT MCM10 protein Q7L590 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 22570418 t miannu "By screening the known DDB1 interacting proteins, we discovered that VprBP is the substrate recognition subunit that targets Mcm10 for degradation. Hence, these results establish that Cul4-DDB1-VprBP ubiquitin ligase mediates the stress-induced proteolysis of replication factor, Mcm10." SIGNOR-272046 Phagocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH97 SIGNOR TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" BTO:0000801 22933625 f apalma "Furthermore, phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by M1 macrophages increased production of the Th2 cytokine TGFβ by the macrophages, while reducing expression of the Th1 cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, reflecting a shift toward an M2 phenotype" SIGNOR-255444 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 17900900 t gcesareni "The energy sensor amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) has been shown to directly phosphorylate foxo factors at six regulatory sites that are distinct from the akt phosphorylation sites, resulting in foxo activation" SIGNOR-252981 2-(4-morpholinyl)-6-(1-thianthrenyl)-4-pyranone chemical CHEBI:91372 ChEBI ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 15604286 t gcesareni "Through screening a small molecule compound library developed for the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-like kinase family, we identified an atp-competitive inhibitor, 2-morpholin-4-yl-6-thianthren-1-yl-pyran-4-one (ku-55933), that inhibits atm with an ic(50) of 13 nmol/l and a ki of 2.2 nmol/l" SIGNOR-132441 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser81 TQDQQSLsDVEGAYS -1 7983041 t llicata "Although human PR contains 11 potential CKII consensus sequences, CKII in vitro phosphorylated purified PR-B only at Ser81 suggesting that this may be an authentic site for CKII in vivo." SIGNOR-250926 TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT ZFHX3 protein Q15911 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002999 22452784 t miannu "In the present study we show that EFP (oestrogen-responsive finger protein) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating oestrogen-induced ATBF1 protein degradation. Knockdown of EFP increases ATBF1 protein levels, whereas overexpression of EFP decreases ATBF1 protein levels." SIGNOR-272048 GMPS protein P49915 UNIPROT "guanosine 5'-monophosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17345 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 6698284 t miannu "The de novo synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) involves the oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) followed by amination to GMP. This latter reaction is catalyzed by GMP synthetase. (XMP: I.-glutamine amidoligase (AMP) EC 6.3.5.2)." SIGNOR-267338 KLHL25 protein Q9H0H3 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22578813 t miannu "We identified the KLHL25-CUL3 complex as the E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets hypophosphorylated 4E-BP1. Thus, the activity of eIF4E is under homeostatic control via the regulation of the levels of its repressor protein 4E-BP1 through ubiquitination." SIGNOR-272050 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT DNAJB1 protein P25685 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 VTHDLRVsLEEIYSG 9606 24309468 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of heat shock protein 40 (hsp40/dnajb1) by mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5 (mk5/prak). Mk5 phosphorylates hsp40/dnajb1 in vivo at ser-149 or/and ser-151 and ser-171 in the c-terminal domain of hsp40/dnajb1. Mk5 modestly stimulates the atp hydrolyse activity of hsp40/hsp70 complex and enhances the repression of heat shock factor 1 driven transcription by hsp40/dnajb1." SIGNOR-203464 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Tyr14 VDSEGHLyTVPIREQ -1 16388599 t "The scaffolding protein caveolin-1 is also a participant in these pathways and is specifically phosphorylated on tyrosine 14, when these pathways are activated. Here, we provide evidence that PTP1B can efficiently catalyze the removal of the phosphoryl group from phosphocaveolin-1." SIGNOR-248430 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22575959 t "Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6." SIGNOR-260115 "D-xylulose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57737 ChEBI "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24929114 t miannu "Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation. TKs (with the exception of the enzymes of mammalian origin) are characterized by broad substrate specificity. Xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), erythrulose 4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate are typical donor substrates of TK; ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), and erythrose 4-phosphate are typical acceptor substrates." SIGNOR-268141 TKT protein P29401 UNIPROT "D-xylulose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57737 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24929114 t miannu "Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation. TKs (with the exception of the enzymes of mammalian origin) are characterized by broad substrate specificity. Xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), erythrulose 4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate are typical donor substrates of TK; ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), and erythrose 4-phosphate are typical acceptor substrates." SIGNOR-267085 NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 10362252 f lperfetto "In conclusion, our data demonstrate that nf-y is required for cyclin b1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-235834 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr90 EARHRVPtTELCRPP 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 15930267 t miannu "Akt phosphorylates tal1 oncoprotein and inhibits its repressor activity. / our results show that akt specifically phosphorylates thr90 of the tal1 protein within its transactivation domain in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-137942 CHMP4A protein Q9BY43 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265529 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CFLAR protein O15519 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser273 LLRDTFTsLGYEVQK 9606 19339247 t gcesareni "TNFalpha enhanced FLIP(L) serine phosphorylation, which was increased by activated Akt-1. Serine 273, a putative Akt-1 phosphorylation site in FLIP(L), was critical for the activation-induced reduction of FLIP(L). Thus, these observations document a novel mechanism where by TNFalpha facilitates the reduction of FLIP(L) protein, which is dependent on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling." SIGNOR-245304 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR GADD45B protein O75293 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11713530 f gcesareni "Here we report that nf-kappab complexes downregulate the c-jun amino-terminal kinase (jnk) cascade, thus establishing a link between the nf-kappab and the jnk pathways. This link involves the transcriptional upregulation of gadd45beta/myd118, which downregulates jnk induced by the tnf receptor (tnf-r)." SIGNOR-111963 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271570 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser323 RMGQLRGsATRALPP 9606 BTO:0000007 10542239 t llicata "Amino acids Ser-323, Thr-325, Thr-334, Thr-337, Ser-368, Ser-405, Thr-407, and Ser-408 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of CKIepsilon were identified as probable in vivo autophosphorylation sites. A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate. T" SIGNOR-250807 ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr594 TYVDPHTyEDPNQAV -1 21538645 t gcesareni "The SAM domain tyrosine Y960 which has been implicated in downstream PI3K signaling is dephosphorylated exclusively by HCPTP-B. The activation loop tyrosine (Y772) which directly controls kinase activity is dephosphorylated about six times faster by HCPTP-A. In contrast, the juxtamembrane tyrosines (Y575, Y588 and Y594) which are implicated in both control of kinase activity and downstream signaling are dephosphorylated by both variants with similar rates" SIGNOR-246039 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Phe619 EVKMDAEfRHDSGYE -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261769 MTHFD2 protein P13995 UNIPROT (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate smallmolecule CHEBI:57455 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16100107 t lperfetto "Magnesium and phosphate ions enable NAD binding to methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase|One of the enzymes in this pathway, the NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (NMDMC),5 catalyzes the interconversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (methylene-THF) and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (formyl-THF) in mammalian mitochondria." SIGNOR-268255 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 IQRGVSPsQAQGLGS 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 11980910 t lperfetto "Mirk phosphorylates hnf1 at amino acid 249mkk3 enhanced mirk kinase activity and the transcriptional activation of hnf1alpha by mirk" SIGNOR-86728 EFNA3 protein P52797 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52387 KMT5B protein Q4FZB7 UNIPROT H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys21 GGAKRHRkVLRDNIQ -1 24396869 t miannu "SUV420H1 and SUV420H2 are two highly homologous enzymes that methylate lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20), a mark that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation." SIGNOR-266651 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RFPL4B protein Q6ZWI9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271178 PREX2 protein Q70Z35 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "catalytic activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 25829446 t irozzo "Here, we used cell biology, biochemistry, and genetic approaches to show that PTEN suppresses cell movement by blocking PREX2 GEF–catalyzed activation of the GTPase RAC1. PTEN binds PREX2 and directly inhibits GEF activity." SIGNOR-259191 PKNOX1 protein P55347 UNIPROT HOXA1 protein P49639 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9582372 t miannu "Our results are consistent with a primary interaction of the YPWM motif of HOXA1 with the homeodomain of PBX. HOX proteins are dependent upon cofactors of the PBX family for specificity of DNA binding." SIGNOR-220242 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser390 KEAEEESsGGEEEDE 9606 BTO:0001938 11861906 t llicata "Mass spectrometric analysis of maximally in vitro phosphorylated eIF5 localized the major phosphorylation sites at Ser-387 and Ser-388 near the C-terminus of eIF5. These serine residues are embedded within a cluster of acidic amino acid residues and account for nearly 90% of the total in vitro eIF5 phosphorylation. A minor phosphorylation site at Ser-174 was also observed. | The results suggest that phosphorylation of eIF5 may have a role in stimulating the rate of eIF5-promoted GTP hydrolysis." SIGNOR-251070 APAF1 protein O14727 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9390557 t gcesareni "During apoptosis, apaf-1 binds to cytochrome c and in the presence of atp/datp forms an apoptosome, leading to the recruitment and activation of the initiator caspase, caspase-9 .in particular, caspase-9 is recruited and activated by apaf-1 .casp9 and apaf-1 bind to each other via their respective nh2-terminal ced-3 homologous domains in the presence of cycs and datp, an event that leads to casp9 activation." SIGNOR-53579 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser103 EGISQESsEEEQ -1 2806554 t llicata "Sequence analysis of the native peptide (90-107) after treatment, which specifically converts phosphoserine residues to S-ethylcysteine, revealed that 70-80% of serine residues 102 and 103 were phosphorylated in vivo. Both residues were fully phosphorylated in vitro by incubation with casein kinase II. These results suggest that casein kinase II is involved in the regulation of HMG-I function in the cells." SIGNOR-250893 RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT RAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF45 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-269850 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser358 WPLSRTRsEPLPPSA -1 15738054 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that protein kinase D (PKD; also known as PKCmi), which is activated upon engagement of the TCR, stimulates HDAC7 nuclear export by direct phosphorylation on four serine residues. Conversely, selective PKD inhibition blocks TCR-induced HDAC7 nuclear export and Nur77 expression. In addition, an HDAC7 mutant specifically deficient in phosphorylation by PKD blocks TCR-mediated apoptosis. | PKD1 phosphorylates S155, S181, S321, and S449 of HDAC7 in vitro." SIGNOR-249274 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 t Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261585 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC37 protein Q16543 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 VWDHIEVsDDEDETH -1 12930845 t llicata "Phosphorylation of serine 13 is required for the proper function of the Hsp90 co-chaperone, Cdc37. | In this report, we demonstrate that mammalian Cdc37 is phosphorylated on Ser13 in situ in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and in cultured K562 cells and that casein kinase II is capable of quantitatively phosphorylating recombinant Cdc37 at this site." SIGNOR-250838 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 10656682 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-74839 AMOTL2 protein Q9Y2J4 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 phosphorylation:Tyr107 KGEELPTyEEAKAHS 21937427 t lperfetto "These data support an idea that Amotl2 Tyr-103 can be phosphorylated by FGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. We then determined whether Amotl2 Tyr-103 is required for its interaction with c-Src. |Amotl2 promotes MAPK/ERK activation via c-Src, which is dependent on phosphorylation of tyrosine residue at position 103 but independent of the C-terminal PDZ-binding domain." SIGNOR-271870 SDHD protein O14521 UNIPROT SDH complex SIGNOR-C400 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16143825 t miannu "Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) consists merely of four nuclearly encoded subunits. It participates in the electron transfer in the respiratory chain and in succinate catabolism in the Krebs cycle. The SDH enzyme, also known as respiratory chain complex II, faces the mitochondrial matrix and is bound to the inner membrane. Four nuclear genes encode the four subunits, SDHA (15 exons), SDHB (8 exons), SDHC (6 exons) and SDHD (4 exons), mapping on to chromosomes 5p15, 1p35-p36.1, 1q21 and 11q23, respectively." SIGNOR-266274 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr46 GGTLFSTtPGGTRII 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 12747827 t lperfetto "Here, we show that a functional TOS motif is required for 4E-BP1 to bind to raptor (a recently identified mTOR-interacting protein), for 4E-BP1 to be efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by themTOR/raptor complex, and for 4E-BP1 to be phosphorylated in vivo at all identified mTOR-regulated sites. mTOR/raptor regulated phosphorylation is necessary for 4E-BP’s efficient release from the translational initiation factor eIF4E. We find that the TOS motif is absolutely required for efficient phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at all the identified mTOR-regulated sites, namely, Thr37/46, Ser65, and Thr70 in vivo." SIGNOR-101123 "3C-like proteinase" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037312 UNIPROT ATP6V1G1 protein O75348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage -1 16226257 t lperfetto "Cleavage of the V-ATPase G1 fusion protein by SARS-CoV 3CLpro was found in this study (Fig. 3), implying that 3CLpro potentially cleaves the cellular V-ATPase G1, and affects the function of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. Meanwhile, a significant intracellular acidification has been demonstrated in the 3CLpro-expressing cells (Fig. 4D). The result correlated well with previous reports in that V-ATPase-specific inhibitors cause acidic pHi [28], [29], and influences cell apoptosis" SIGNOR-260264 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser303 RGAPPRRsSIRNAHS 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89150 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-270060 oxybutynin chemical CHEBI:7856 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 BTO:0000246 22243489 t Luana " Compared to the reference compound oxybutynin, an antagonist used for the treatment of OAB,(5) the newly synthesized 1,4-dioxane derivatives exhibit a higher potency." SIGNOR-258329 beta-Funaltrexamine chemical CHEBI:81527 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258773 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 33861966 t miannu "Our data suggest that mTORC1 promotes the binding of the E3 ligase, βTrCP, to CREB2 (Figure 4D), promoting CREB2 degradation by the proteasome (Figure 4E). Here, we show that mTORC1 promotes glutamine anaplerosis by activating glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This regulation requires transcriptional repression of SIRT4, the mitochondrial-localized sirtuin that inhibits GDH. Mechanistically, mTORC1 represses SIRT4 by promoting the proteasome-mediated destabilization of cAMP-responsive element binding 2 (CREB2)." SIGNOR-267830 SLC25A13 protein Q9UJS0 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12084073 t miannu "Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane." SIGNOR-265155 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr178 NHNHRIRtNPAIVKT 9606 20640476 t lperfetto "AMPK can directly phosphorylate PGC-1a at Thr177 and Ser538 in in vitro assays PGC-1a phosphorylation might not directly affect its intrinsic coactivation activity, but, rather, release it from its repressor protein p160myb [79] and/or allow deacetylation and subsequent activation by SIRT1" SIGNOR-209936 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MCM3 protein P25205 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr722 EEMPQVHtPKTADSQ 9606 SIGNOR-C16 21965652 t gcesareni "In this study, we demonstrate that mcm3 is a substrate of cyclin e/cdk2 and can be phosphorylated by cyclin e/cdk2 at thr-722." SIGNOR-176656 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "MECP2/SIN3A/HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C360 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9620804 t Luana "We show that a region of MeCP2 that localizes with the TRD associates with a corepressor complex containing the transcriptional repressor mSin3A and histone deacetylases." SIGNOR-267738 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser37 NVLSPLPsQAMDDLM 9606 16501611 t "Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway." SIGNOR-248573 MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22435554 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we found that immunoprecipitated tpl-2 could directly phosphorylate and activate both mek-1 and mkk4 (also known as sek-1)" SIGNOR-196744 glutamine smallmolecule CHEBI:28300 ChEBI Gln-tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29166 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270394 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT MN1 protein Q10571 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12569362 t miannu "Our results indicate that mn1 is a transcription coactivator rather than a sequence-specific transcription factor, and that it may stimulate rar/rxr-mediated transcription through interaction with p160 and p300." SIGNOR-97899 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254704 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SCAMP3 protein O14828 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr41 QYATLDVyNPFETRE -1 9658162 t miannu "In our efforts to identify cellular tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate SCAMPs, we are quite intrigued by the observation that among a number of kinases, only the EGFR exhibits activity toward SCAMPs. EGF catalyzes the progressive phosphorylation of the SCAMPs up to 1 h poststimulation and may enhance colocalization of the EGFR and SCAMP3 within the cell interior. EGF also induces SCAMP-EGFR association, as detected by coimmunoprecipitation, and phosphorylation of SCAMP3 is stimulated by the EGFR in vitro. These results suggest that phosphorylation of SCAMPs, either directly or indirectly, may be functionally linked to the internalization/down-regulation of the EGFR. we have observed that there are two tyrosines conserved in SCAMP1 and SCAMP3, which are not found in SCAMP2. Of these two tyrosines (Tyr37 and Tyr73 in SCAMP1; Tyr 41 and Tyr83 in SCAMP3), we consider Tyr37/41 to be a more likely site for tyrosine phosphorylation" SIGNOR-262858 MNAT1 protein P51948 UNIPROT "CAK complex" complex SIGNOR-C456 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269320 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT Fibrosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH90 SIGNOR up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10116 11904165 f ggiuliani "These data indicate that TGF-beta1-induced p38 activation is involved in TGF-beta1-stimulated collagen synthesis." SIGNOR-255958 OGDC complex SIGNOR-C397 SIGNOR 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15953811 t miannu "The Œ±-ketoglutarate‚Äìdehydrogenase complex is a complex including multiple copies of three proteins: E1k (Œ±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), E2k (dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase), and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (Fig. 2). The consecutive action of the three catalytic components of KGDHC results in oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, preserving the energy in the form of succinylCoA and NADH." SIGNOR-266257 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS -1 12853467 t miannu "PFK-2 that was phosphorylated on Ser466, but not Ser483, by PKA did not bind to 14-3-3s‚ " SIGNOR-250025 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR B2M protein P61769 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12480693 f miannu "The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) subunits p50 and p65 bind to the kappa B box and p65 transactivates beta(2)m." SIGNOR-254658 EIF1B protein O60739 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 20921384 t lperfetto "Genetic and biochemical studies have revealed several eukaryotic factors involved in selecting the correct initiation codon (3–6). Further analyses pointed toward eukaryotic initiation factor 1 (eIF1) as the key mediator of this process (7–10). eIF1 binds near the P-site of the small ribosomal subunit (11); this binding is thought to lead to an open conformation of the preinitiation complex favoring scanning" SIGNOR-269145 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr45 PGGTLFStTPGGTRI 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 9465032 t lperfetto "Mtorc1 promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e)- binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) and the p70 ribosomal s6 kinase 1 (s6k1). Raft1 phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 on thr-36 and thr-45 blocks its association with the cap-binding protein, eif-4e,in vitro. in response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-55701 CRABP2 protein P29373 UNIPROT Metastasis phenotype SIGNOR-PH107 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000551 30696915 f "Analysis of clinical samples revealed that high CRABP2 levels were correlated with lymph node metastases, poor overall survival, and increased recurrence. Knockdown of Crabp2 decreased migration, invasion, anoikis resistance, and in vivo metastasis." SIGNOR-259371 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr821 KISEGLPtPTKMTPR 9606 SIGNOR-C83 9139732 t miannu "We demonstrate that phosphorylation by either cdk2-cyclin a, which phosphorylates t821, or cdk4-cyclin d1, which phosphorylates threonine 826, can disable prb for subsequent binding of an lxcxe protein." SIGNOR-47895 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 EWEAQRDsHLGPHRS 9606 14576165 t lperfetto "A phosphorylation site at serine residue 346 was identified that is selectively phosphorylated by PKC but not by PKA. This site is localized within a recognition motif for caspases, and phosphorylation strongly inhibits proteolytic processing of PS1 by caspase activity during apoptosis." SIGNOR-249236 RAB9A protein P51151 UNIPROT PLIN3 protein O60664 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 18195106 t lperfetto "Rab9-dependent transport from late endosomes to the Golgi requires the Rab9 effectors p40 (Diaz et al., 1997) and TIP47 (Diaz and Pfeffer, 1998), a protein that recognizes the cytoplasmic domains of the two types of MPRs and packages them into nascent transport vesicles (Carroll et al., 2001). MPR recycling also utilizes a TGN-localized coiled-coil protein named GCC185 that is also a Rab9 effector" SIGNOR-253089 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser150 TLRRVRIsADAMMQA 9606 BTO:0000887 15769444 t lperfetto "In vitro addition of pak3 to skinned rat cardiac fibres increased myofilament ca2+ sensitivity with no change in maximal ca2+-activated force [67]. These effects were associated with pak3-induced phosphorylation of myofilament proteins, including ctni which was phosphorylated at a novel site, ser149, located in the region forming a ca2+-sensitive interaction with the n-terminal regulatory domain of tnc." SIGNOR-134593 ACHE protein P22303 UNIPROT acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 15841900 t "Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most crucial enzymes for nerve response and function. AChE catalyzes the hydrolysis of acylcholine esters with a relative specificity for acetylcholine.|The intracellular effects of acetylcholine are mediated by the activation of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). AChE terminates transmission of neuronal impulses by rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine." SIGNOR-253983 HECTD4 protein Q9Y4D8 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001321 32814769 t miannu "We identified several E3 ligases as strong candidates responsible for AR and MYC protein loss as HECTD4, MYCBP2, and TRIM49. HECTD4 and MYCBP2 target AR and MYC for degradation while TRIM49 appears to promote AR and MYC stability. We have shown that these E3 ligases in turn are directly regulated by MYC. MYC in turn represses the expression of ubiquitin ligases, HECTD4 and MYCBP2 that promote AR and MYC protein degradation, further suppressing MYC and AR in a feed forward loop." SIGNOR-267148 N-hydroxy-3-[4-[[2-hydroxyethyl-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]-2-propenamide chemical CHEBI:94063 ChEBI HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257984 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser207 TSVRRRTsFYLPKDA 9606 17563743 t llicata "Aurora-a appears to phosphorylate rassf1a at threonine202 and/or serine203 that reside within the known microtubule-binding domain of rassf1a. Substitutions of these residues with glutamic acid at both positions, mimicking constitutive phosphorylation of rassf1a, disrupt rassf1a interactions with microtubules and abolish its ability to induce m-phase cell cycle arrest." SIGNOR-155815 PDHA2 protein P29803 UNIPROT PDH complex SIGNOR-C402 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20160912 t miannu "The human (h) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (hPDC) consists of multiple copies of several components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), E3-binding protein (BP), and specific kinases and phosphatases. Mammalian PDC has a well organized structure with an icosahedral symmetry of the central E2/BP core to which the other component proteins bind non-covalently." SIGNOR-267832 clozapine chemical CHEBI:3766 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258681 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 RHTDDEMtGYVATRW 9606 8622669 t lperfetto "Mkk3 is a protein kinase that phosphorylates and activates p38 map kinase but does not phosphorylate the related jnk or erk map kinases." SIGNOR-40349 CAMK1 protein Q14012 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser637 VPVARKLsAREQRDC 31063459 t lperfetto "For example, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of Drp1S600 has been reported to decrease Drp1 GTPase activity in vitro (23, 24), whereas phosphorylation of the same conserved serine residue by Ca2+-calmodulin–dependent protein kinase Iα (CaMKIα) in Drp1 isoform 3 has been reported to cause a significant increase in mitochondrial fission" SIGNOR-262552 TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT GPI protein P06744 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24810856 t miannu "Gp78 is a ubiquitin ligase that plays a vital role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Here we report that autocrine motility factor (AMF), also known as phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), is a novel substrate of gp78. We show that polyubiquitylation of AMF requires cooperative interaction between gp78 and the ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 (tripartite motif-containing protein 25). While TRIM25 mediates the initial round of ubiquitylation, gp78 catalyzes polyubiquitylation of AMF." SIGNOR-272178 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI "beta-alanine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22718265 t miannu "Animal glutamate decarboxylase (GDC), aspartate decarboxylase (ADC, also called aspartate Œ±-decarboxylase or aspartate 1-decarboxylase) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSADC) catalyze the decarboxylation of Œ±-carboxyl group of glutamate, aspartate and cysteine sulfinic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Œ≤-alanine and hypotaurine, respectively; these amine products play important role in living organisms." SIGNOR-267547 "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257715 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser243 PGETPPLsPIDMESQ 9606 BTO:0000938;BTO:0000017 17215518 t lperfetto "Importantly, pp2b not only dephosphorylates the c-jun at ser-243 but also interacts with c-jun in pma-treated cells. Pma stimulates the association of the pp2b/c-jun/sp1 complex with the promoter. These findings indicate the dephosphorylation of c-jun c terminus is required for the c-jun/sp1 interaction" SIGNOR-152006 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000848 11591705 t lperfetto "Rela was dephosphorylated by a purified pp2a core enzyme, a heterodimer formed by the catalytic subunit of pp2a (pp2ac) and pr65, in a concentration-dependent manner.These data suggest that the constitutive activation of rela in melanoma cells could be due, at least in part, to the deficiency of pp2a, which exhibits decreased dephosphorylation of nf-kappa b/rela." SIGNOR-217421 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT FSCN1 protein Q16658 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 KVNASASsLKKKQIW 9606 BTO:0000931 8647875 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of human fascin inhibits its actin binding and bundling activities." SIGNOR-248944 WNK3 protein Q9BYP7 UNIPROT SLC12A7 protein Q9Y666 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 21613606 t lperfetto "We have shown that with-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) possesses several properties that suggest it could be the Cl−/volume-sensitive regulatory kinase that, in association with protein phosphatases, reciprocally modifies the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of the SLC12 proteins and thus their activities|WNK3 activates NKCC1/2 and NCC and inhibits the KCCs" SIGNOR-264630 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNK9 protein Q9NPC2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser373 RLMKRRKsV 9606 BTO:0000007 21357689 t llicata "Patch clamp analysis, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry studies of hek293 transfected with wt hk2p3.1 and cultured in the presence of pka activators or inhibitors all confirm that activation of pka resulted in an increase in hk2p3.1 current expression (figs. 4_4?6) and demonstrate the dynamic regulatory effect of pka activity on k2p3.1 channel expression." SIGNOR-172466 TAF4 protein O00268 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263921 ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0001103 19109891 t miannu "We present evidence for an ankyrin-based mechanism for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin and beta-DG. Ankyrin-B thus is an adaptor required for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin, as well as dynactin-4." SIGNOR-266714 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr66 LHQEDNDyINASLIK -1 11506178 t "Tyrosine residues 66, 152 and/or 153 of PTP1B are phosphorylated by the activated insulin receptor and are also necessary for formation of the PTP1B:insulin receptor complex| Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of PTP1B by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase increases the catalytic activity of PTP1B|These results suggest that PTP1B can dephosphorylate itself under in vitro conditions." SIGNOR-248423 HAUS6 protein Q7Z4H7 UNIPROT "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19369198 t lperfetto "Here, by using mass spectrometry, we identified the full human augmin complex of 8 subunits and show that it interacts with the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC)" SIGNOR-262320 MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT MGA protein Q8IWI9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 7954804 t 2 miannu "the role MAX plays in transcription is thought to be primarily as a cofactor for DNA binding. In this capacity, however, it appears to be essential for most, if not all, the known biological activities of MYC. MAX also functions as a cofactor for DNA binding for a group of bHLHZip proteins related to MYC, including MNT, MXD1-4 (formerly Mad1, Mxi1, Mad3 and Mad4), and MGA. Like MYC, these proteins do not homodimerize and appear to be incapable of binding DNA on their own, but when bound to MAX, they recognize E-box sequences." SIGNOR-240261 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser465 LKHVTQSsRKLIRAD 9606 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "Protein kinase c isoforms differentially phosphorylate human choline acetyltransferase regulating its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-129284 SYVN1 protein Q86TM6 UNIPROT HERPUD1 protein Q15011 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28827405 t miannu "FAM8A1 enhances binding of Herp to Hrd1, an interaction that is required for ERAD. Our findings support a model of Hrd1 complex formation, where the Hrd1 cytoplasmic domain and FAM8A1 have a central role in the assembly and activity of this ERAD machinery. A conserved Hrd1 cytoplasmic domain interacts with FAM8A1 and Herp" SIGNOR-261349 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT VLDLR protein P98155 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938;BTO:0000815 24076391 f miannu "The Reelin receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR are direct target genes of HIC1. ectopic expression of HIC1 in U2OS and MDA-MB-231 cell lines decreases expression of the ApoER2 and VLDLR genes, encoding two canonical tyrosine kinase receptors for Reelin." SIGNOR-254244 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT ENOX1 protein Q8TC92 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000934 23939472 f lperfetto "We found that NRF-1 positively regulates FAM134C and ENOX1, but negatively regulates C3orf10 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells and primary rat cortical neurons. In IMR-32 cells, FAM134C positively regulates and C3orf10 negatively regulates neurite outgrowth, but ENOX1 plays no role in neurite outgrowth regulation. " SIGNOR-261451 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr175 GPEDQAVtEYVATRW 9606 16336213 t lperfetto "Erk8 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 8) expressed in escherichia coli or insect cells was catalytically active and phosphorylated at both residues of the thr-glu-tyr motif. Dephosphorylation of the threonine residue by pp2a (protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2a) decreased erk8 activity by over 95% in vitro, whereas complete dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue by ptp1b (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b) decreased activity by only 15-20%" SIGNOR-142977 IL7 protein P13232 UNIPROT IL7R protein P16871 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 20089933 t milica "This receptor (il-7r) is a heterodimer consisting of the il-7r chain and the common cytokine ? -chain." SIGNOR-163548 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr358 ATARERVtACTPSDG 9606 BTO:0000007 11040053 t "GRK2 strongly enhanced agonist-stimulated phosphorylation of the wild-type DOR (WT), but Delta15 or mutant DOR (T358A/T361A/S363G) failed to show any detectable phosphorylation under these conditions. agonist-induced opioid receptor phosphorylation occurs exclusively at two phosphate acceptor sites (T358 and S363) of GRK2 at the DOR carboxyl terminus. GRKs are important mediators in agonist-induced opioid receptor phosphorylation and desensitization." SIGNOR-251457 MLXIPL protein Q9NP71 UNIPROT ACACA protein Q13085 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000759 15496471 t Luana "The present study provides evidence for a direct and dominant role of ChREBP in the glucose regulation of two key liver lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS)" SIGNOR-267946 MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr185 TSFMMTPyVVTRYYR 9606 9312068 t gcesareni "Jnk is activated by jnk-activating kinase 1 (jnkk1), a dual specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates jnk on threonine 183 and tyrosine 185 residues." SIGNOR-51203 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 14967450 t lperfetto "The transcription factors stat1, stat3, and stat5 are directly phosphorylated by erbb-1, subsequent to which they dimerize through phosphotyrosine-sh2 domain interactions and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene trascription critical for proliferation." SIGNOR-121965 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr166 LYCDPRGtLRKGTLG -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273491 iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI 3-iodo-L-tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:27847 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16098474 t scontino "TPO plays a key role in thyroid hormone synthesis by catalyzing both the iodination of tyrosine residues to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT) residues. The first step in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis is the binding of iodine to tyrosine residues in Tg, which yields MIT and DIT residues." SIGNOR-268120 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT CXCL8 protein P10145 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001949 19359602 f miannu "ERG can inhibit the activity of the IL-8 promoter in a dose dependent manner." SIGNOR-253912 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000944 23936544 t lperfetto "MAPKs have cis-acting regulatory elements in the mouse-TGF promoter region, which respond to various transcription factors, including specificity protein-1 and activating protein 1. Thus, it is possible that apoptotic cell-induced TGF-β mRNA expression is mediated through activation of these transcription factors via MAPK signaling. Xiao et al. reported that all of the MAPK members, including p38/ERK/JNK, are required for apoptotic Jurkat cells up-regulation of TGF-β production" SIGNOR-251740 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PKD2L1 protein Q9P0L9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser686 LGRSIVSsPQGKSGP -1 29230552 t miannu "PKD2L1 channel activation by PKA phosphorylation. In this study, we observed the activity of PKD2L1 channel increased by the downstream cascades of β2AR and found the clustered phosphorylation sites, Ser-682, Ser-685, and Ser-686 that are significant in the channel regulation by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273561 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT DCLRE1C protein Q96SD1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser645 NLSTNADsQSSSDFE 9606 16600297 t lperfetto "Artemis is a nuclear phosphoprotein required for genomic integrity whose phosphorylation is increased subsequent to dna damage. Artemis phosphorylation by the dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk). However, regardless of its association with dna-pkcs, phosphorylation of artemis at both s516 and s645 was stimulated in response to the double-stranded dna-damaging agent bleomycin" SIGNOR-145841 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001370 9706399 t "Among several known transcription factor binding motifs, nuclear protein(s) of VD3-treated HL-60 cells and THP-1 cells bound to the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-binding motif that was located in the upstream region of the MRP14 gene (-81), as evidenced by the competitive gel mobility-shift assay.|Thus, it was concluded that C/EBP alpha and -beta were able to bind to the C/EBP motif, and that C/EBP alpha bound to the motif in THP-1 cells and C/EBP beta bound to that in the VD3-treated HL-60 cells." SIGNOR-254044 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser376 GRRGRLPsKPKSPLQ 9606 BTO:0000007 16223362 t lperfetto "We have established that two related proteins, Nurr1 and Nor1, are also phosphorylated on the equivalent site by RSK in cells in response to mitogenic stimulation. | Similar to Nur77, when FLAG€“Nor1 was expressed in HEK-293 cells, its phosphorylation on Ser377 was stimulated by both PMA and EGF" SIGNOR-249297 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr412 NQVFLGFtYVAPSVL 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 10579915 t lperfetto "S6 kinases are under the control of the PI3K relative, mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR), which may serve an additional function as a checkpoint for amino acid availability." SIGNOR-72682 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT SOX17 protein Q9H6I2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 22795133 f lperfetto "Knockdown of Oct4 or Nanog induced an increase in the expression of Pax6, Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and FoxA2 in E, H, and p21KD MSCs ( Figure 3F and Figure S2D)" SIGNOR-253167 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT PAG1 protein Q9NWQ8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr317 EEEISAMySSVNKPG 9534 16920712 t miannu "Here we show that Lyn interacts with C-terminal Src kinase-binding protein (Cbp), an adaptor protein that recruits negative regulators C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)/Csk-like protein-tyrosine kinase (Ctk). Lyn phosphorylated Cbp on several tyrosine residues, including Tyr314, which recruited Csk/Ctk to suppress Lyn kinase activity.Thus, a single phosphotyrosine residue on Cbp coordinates a two-phase process involving distinct negative regulatory pathways to inactivate, then degrade, Lyn." SIGNOR-262898 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 SIGNOR-C29 7791754 t lperfetto "Under our assay conditions, bmp-2 binds better to bmpr-ii in combination with actr-i or bmpr-ib than in combination with bmpr-ia" SIGNOR-144101 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FAS protein P25445 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 15004527 f gcesareni "Akt may serve to stimulate certain proteins (e.g., Ikk) involved in the prevention of apoptosis such as nf-kb as well as repress other proteins normally involved in the induction of apoptosis such as the forkhead transcription factors (fkhr, now know as foxo3), creb, glycogen synthetase-3 kinase-beta (gsk-3beta), fas, caspase-9 and cell cycle inhibitors such as p27" SIGNOR-123239 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 10737771 t gcesareni "We discovered that mef2 interacts with histone deacetylases (hdacs) 4 and 5, resulting in repression of the transcriptional activity of mef2." SIGNOR-76231 WWP1 protein Q9H0M0 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 15221015 t lperfetto "We found that WWP1 inhibited transcriptional activities induced by TGF-beta. Similar to Smurfs, WWP1 associated with Smad7 and induced its nuclear export, and enhanced binding of Smad7 to TGF-beta type I receptor to cause ubiquitination and degradation of the receptor." SIGNOR-126578 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" deacetylation 9606 20640476 t lperfetto "AMPK can directly phosphorylate PGC-1a at Thr177 and Ser538 in in vitro assays PGC-1a phosphorylation might not directly affect its intrinsic coactivation activity, but, rather, release it from its repressor protein p160myb [79] and/or allow deacetylation and subsequent activation by SIRT1" SIGNOR-209962 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Thr658 VGGVVIAtVIVITLV -1 10605825 t lperfetto "In this work, we used a sensitive in vitro method of detection to investigate the role of cathepasin D in the proteolytic processing of a 100-amino acid C-terminal fragment (C100) inclusive of βA4 and cytoplasmic domain of APP. Digestion of C100 with cathepsin D resulted in cleavage at the amyloidogenic γ-cleavage sites. This occurred preferentially at Thr43–Val44 and at Ala42–Thr43, generating full length βA4 43 and βA4 42 amyloid peptides, respectively. Cathepsin D was also found to cleave the substrate at the following nonamyloidogenic sites; Leu34–Met35, Thr48–Leu49 and Leu49–Val50. A high concentration of cathepsin D resulted in cleavage also occurring at Phe19–Phe20, Phe20–Ala21 and Phe93–Phe94 of the C100, suggesting that these sites are somewhat less sensitive to the action of cathepsin D." SIGNOR-261792 FADD protein Q13158 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22890322 t lperfetto "Rip1 is required for the formation of a rip1/fadd/caspase-8 complex that drives caspase-8 activation, cleavage of bid into tbid, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, full activation of caspase-3 and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Tweak induces assembly of a death-signaling complex containing rip1, fadd, and caspase-8" SIGNOR-191781 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser44 GLKFMQAsEDLLKEH 9606 BTO:0000093 8245015 t miannu "An acid-stable (nonhistidine) phosphorylation was identified on autophosphorylated purified recombinant Nm23 proteins and [32P]orthophosphate-labeled human breast carcinoma and murine melanoma Nm23. Phosphoamino acid analysis identified serine as the acid-stable phosphorylation and serine 44 as the major site of phosphorylation. The biological relevance of the novel phosphorylation identified herein is suggested by the direct correlation of in vivo Nm23 acid-stable phosphorylation levels, but not Nm23 NDPK activity, with suppression of tumor metastatic potential among control and nm23-1 transfected murine melanoma cells." SIGNOR-250303 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB2 protein Q00653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser870 KEDSAYGsQSVEQEA 10090 BTO:0000785 15084608 t lperfetto "Ikkalfa phosphorylates p100, leading to its proteasomal processing to p52." SIGNOR-124230 CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser625 TAMLSLGsGISQCGY 9534 BTO:0000298 11865049 t llicata "The CKI phosphorylation of mPer1 and mPer3 proteins results in their rapid degradation, which is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, CKIepsilon and CKIdelta are able to induce nuclear translocation of mPer3, which requires its nuclear localization signal. The mutation in potential phosphorylation sites on mPer3 decreased the extent of both nuclear translocation and degradation of mPer3 that are stimulated by CKIepsilon. | In mut7 in which all of the conserved serine and threonine residues in this region were mutated, the ratio of the shifted band was greatly reduced reproducibly. " SIGNOR-250816 paclitaxel chemical CHEBI:45863 ChEBI Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 28298489 t miannu "Here we integrate a computational model for microtubule assembly with nanometer-scale fluorescence microscopy measurements to identify the kinetic and thermodynamic basis of kinetic stabilization by the MTAs paclitaxel, an assembly promoter, and vinblastine, a disassembly promoter. We identify two distinct modes of kinetic stabilization in live cells, one that truly suppresses on-off kinetics, characteristic of vinblastine, and the other a ""pseudo"" kinetic stabilization, characteristic of paclitaxel, that nearly eliminates the energy difference between the GTP- and GDP-tubulin thermodynamic states. By either mechanism, the main effect of both MTAs is to effectively stabilize the microtubule against disassembly in the absence of a robust GTP cap." SIGNOR-259449 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser122 DQHLMKCsPAQLLCS 9606 10864927 t lperfetto "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-216741 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 16554440 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Also, several probable in vivo K8 kinases have been identified including Erk1/2 for K8 Ser431 (Ku and Omary, 1997), and p38 and Jun kinases for K8 Ser73 (Ku et al., 2002a; He et al., 2002)." SIGNOR-270135 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000887 16936075 t lperfetto "Here, we report that the Wnt signal is transduced in muscle progenitor cells by at least two Frizzled (Fz) receptors (Fz1 and/or Fz6)" SIGNOR-253126 TIMP2 protein P16035 UNIPROT LRP2 protein P98164 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10116 BTO:0001860 28659595 t miannu "We show that megalin/LRP-2 acts as an endocytic receptor for proMMP-2:TIMP-2 complex. We found that RAP, an antagonist of the LDL receptor family18, competed with binding of proMMP-2:TIMP-2 complex onto rat BN16 epithelial cells." SIGNOR-265254 MC2R protein Q01718 UNIPROT cortisol smallmolecule CHEBI:17650 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 9606 BTO:0000047 20371771 f lperfetto "Here, we show that, whereas MRAP was essential for activation of MC2R signaling, MRAP2 was an endogenous inhibitor that competed with MRAP for binding to MC2R and decreased the potency of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the endogenous agonist for MC2Rs, in stimulating the production of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)." SIGNOR-268621 "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17283 ChEBI "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "PtdIns(3)P-kinase/hVPS34/p150 (VPS34) is thought to be one of the first Rab5 effector proteins to be recruited to the EE . As suggested by its name, its primary role is to generate PtdIns(3)P, which is the most abundant phosphoinositide in the EE membrane." SIGNOR-260622 LTB4R protein Q15722 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257086 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268903 VCPIP1 protein Q96JH7 UNIPROT VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 23500464 t lperfetto "Golgi biogenesis requires two distinct p97ATPase-mediated membrane fusion, the p97/p47 and p97/p37 pathways. |We clarified that VCIP135, an essential factor in both p97 membrane fusion pathways, is phosphorylated on Threonine-760 and Serine-767 by Cdc2 at mitosis and that this phosphorylated VCIP135 does not bind to p97." SIGNOR-265039 BST1 protein Q10588 UNIPROT "nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:76072 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR." SIGNOR-264249 MAT2B protein Q9NZL9 UNIPROT GIT1 protein Q9Y2X7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000599 23325601 t miannu "We found both MAT2B variants interact with GIT1. MAT2B directly promoted binding of GIT1 and ERK2 to MEK1. MAT2B and GIT1 interact and are overexpressed in most human liver and colon cancer specimens. MAT2B and GIT1 require each other to activate MEK1/ERK and increase growth." SIGNOR-261244 CACNA1A protein O00555 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 30849329 f miannu "Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. In presynaptic nerve terminals, this calcium influx triggers transmitter release for synaptic transmission. Several neurological and cardiac disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding α1-subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNA1A (MIM: 601011) (familial hemiplegic migraine [MIM: 141500], episodic ataxia [MIM: 108500], and epilepsy [MIM: 617106]),3, 4, 5 CACNA1C (MIM: 114205) (Timothy syndrome [MIM: 601005]),6, 7 CACNA1D (MIM: 114206) (primary aldosteronism, neurodevelopmental disorders [MIM: 615474]),8, 9 and CACNA1G (MIM: 604065) (spinocerebellar ataxia [MIM: 616795])." SIGNOR-264328 STK25 protein O00506 UNIPROT PDCD10 protein Q9BUL8 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr43 VNLSAAQtLRAAFIK 9606 19370760 t llicata "Stk25 phosphorylates ccm3 at serine 39 and threonine 43" SIGNOR-185392 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10090 12370803 t irozzo "In this study, we show that Jak2 is involved in c-Myc induction by inducing c-MYC mRNA and protecting c-Myc protein from 26S proteasome-dependent degradation. These results indicate that c-Myc is a downstream target of activated Jak2 in Bcr-Abl positive cells. " SIGNOR-255810 MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257384 NOG protein Q13253 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12478285 t "Create trimers (2 typeII and 1 typeI) with serine/threonine kinase function" lperfetto "Noggin binds the domain that is re-quired for bmp-7 to interact with bmp type i and type ii receptors.Noggin Inhibits bmpby blocking the molecular interfaces of the binding epitopes for both type i and type ii receptors" SIGNOR-217541 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser315 DFRSRTNsNASTVSG 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t lperfetto "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-252827 (8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-13,14-diol chemical CHEBI:92234 ChEBI DRD3 protein P35462 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258731 TM9SF4 protein Q92544 UNIPROT ATP6V1H protein Q9UI12 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109;BTO:0000038 25659576 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that TM9SF4 represents a novel V-ATPase-associated protein involved in V-ATPase activation. We have observed in HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines that TM9SF4 interacts with the ATP6V1H subunit of the V-ATPase V1 sector. Suppression of TM9SF4 with small interfering RNAs strongly reduces assembly of V-ATPase V0/V1 sectors, thus reversing tumor pH gradient with a decrease of cytosolic pH, alkalization of intracellular vesicles and a reduction of extracellular acidity." SIGNOR-266885 RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT STK3/4 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF41 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 21808241 t "Mst1/2 are pro-apoptotic kinases that are activated by caspase cleavage" milica "Mst1/2 is also activated by binding to Ras association domain family (RASSF) proteins, possibly owing to alteration of Mst1/2 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-269950 COX7A2 protein P14406 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267741 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr387 TMKRRDEtMQPAKPS 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "Full activation of mst1 requires an activation cleavage that is prevented by the phosphorylation of thr-387 by akt." SIGNOR-201121 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT Erythrocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH104 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0004408 15353555 f miannu "Here we report that a persistent activation of STAT5A in human CD34+ cells results in enhanced self-renewal. STAT5A drives the expression of a number of proto-oncogenes and cytokines in human CD34+ cells, as well as a number of erythroid-specific genes, favoring erythroid over myeloid differentiation and providing a long-term proliferative advantage for erythroid progenitors." SIGNOR-256074 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT STMN2 protein Q93045 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser62 ELILKPPsPISEAPR 9606 11718727 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that purified scg10 can be phosphorylated by two subclasses of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun n-terminal/stress-activated protein kinase (jnk/sapk) and p38 map kinase;jnk3/sapkbeta phosphorylation occurs at ser-62 and ser-73, residues that result in reduced microtubule-destabilizing activity for scg10." SIGNOR-112110 TGFB2 protein P61812 UNIPROT TGFBR3 protein Q03167 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10746731 t gcesareni "Betaglycan binds tgf-b isoforms with high affinity and increases the functional interaction between tgf-b and its type ii and type i signalling receptors." SIGNOR-76473 CDH19 protein Q9H159 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265858 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT TNFRSF10B protein O14763 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15964798 f gcesareni "Reduction in p53 expression also blocks p65 binding to the intronic region of the dr5 gene, indicating cooperation between p53 and p65 in dr5 expression. (articolo-abstract)" SIGNOR-138293 furtrethonium chemical CHEBI:134764 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258644 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr18 MEDHAGTyGLGDRKD 9606 BTO:0000938 18070606 t lperfetto "We established that tyrosine 18 was the primary residue in tau phosphorylated by sykphosphorylation of tau by syk could be involved in neurite outgrowth." SIGNOR-159648 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776;BTO:0003076 11994288 t gcesareni "These negative regulatory effects on ig class switching were concomitant with the ability of cd45 to dephosphorylate the induced phosphorylation of jak1, jak3," SIGNOR-87157 GNG3 protein P63215 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt" SIGNOR-154258 CDC14B protein O60729 UNIPROT MAPK6 protein Q16659 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Ser705 TPSAMKSsPQIPHQT 9606 20236090 t "Reciprocally, we found that the phosphatases Cdc14A and Cdc14B (Cdc is cell-division cycle) bind to ERK3 and reverse its C-terminal phosphorylation in mitosis. Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.|In vitro phosphorylation of a series of ERK3-deletion mutants by mitotic cell extracts revealed that phosphorylation is confined to the unique C-terminal extension of the protein. Using MS analysis, we identified four novel phosphorylation sites, Ser684, Ser688, Thr698 and Ser705, located at the extreme C-terminus of ERK3." SIGNOR-248337 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser379 DLILNRCsESTKRKL 9606 BTO:0000130 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89213 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK 9606 9488479 t llicata "However, TC45 inhibited the EGF-induced association of p52Shc with Grb2, which was attributed to the ability of the PTP to recognize specifically p52Shc phosphorylated on Y239. These results indicate that TC45 recognizes not only selected substrates in a cellular context but also specific sites within substrates and thus may regulate discrete signaling events." SIGNOR-248397 CHKA protein P35790 UNIPROT PLIN2 protein Q99541 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr232 TKLHSRAyQQALSRV 9606 BTO:0000527 34929314 t lperfetto "In addition, as a protein kinase, CHKalpha2 phosphorylates PLIN2 at Tyrosine 232 and PLIN3 at Tyrosine 251. Phosphorylated PLIN2 and PLIN3 are separated from lipid droplets and degraded by Hsc70-mediated autophagy, thereby promoting lipid droplet lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation and glioblastoma growth " SIGNOR-267649 TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr223 LKKVVALyDYMPMNA 9606 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (TFKs) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the SH3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism, which for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) affects tyrosine 223.|In Btk, the SH3 domain mutation Y223F results in enhanced fibroblast transformation, implying that the SH3 domain may play a negative regulatory role" SIGNOR-246652 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser365 RLDRTGSsPTQGIVN 9606 15767678 t gcesareni "Identification of rock1 as an upstream activator of the jip-3 to jnk signaling axis in response to uvb damage. phosphorylation of jip-3 by rock1 was crucial for the recruitment of jnk. Inhibition of the activity of rock1 in keratinocytes resulted in decreased activation of the jnk pathway and thus a reduction in apoptosis." SIGNOR-134588 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser298 RTPGRPLsSYGMDSR 9606 BTO:0001955 12876277 t lperfetto "We find that adhesion to fibronectin induces pak1-dependent phosphorylation of mek1 on s298 and that this phosphorylation is necessary for efficient activation of mek1 and subsequent mapk activation." SIGNOR-236002 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TPPP protein O94811 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser18 ANRTPPKsPGDPSKD -1 17693641 t miannu "Here we show that TPPP induces tubulin self-assembly into intact frequently bundled microtubules, and that the phosphorylation of specific sites distinctly affects the function of TPPP. The phosphorylation sites Thr(14), Ser(18), Ser(160) for Cdk5; Ser(18), Ser(160) for ERK2, and Ser(32) for PKA were identified by mass spectrometry. The phosphorylation by ERK2 or Cdk5 resulted in the loss of microtubule-assembling activity of TPPP." SIGNOR-262932 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 14593102 f lperfetto "Expression of constitutively active CREB strongly activated C/EBPbeta promoter-reporter genes, induced expression of endogenous C/EBPbeta, and caused adipogenesis in the absence of the hormonal inducers normally required" SIGNOR-250573 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 8650155 t gcesareni "These results confirm that the activity changes observed are achieved by a reversible phosphorylation mechanism, and also argue that pp2a may negatively regulate rac-pk activity in vivo. Dephosphorylation of the activated rac-pk in itro by pp2ac resulted in an 87% reduction of kinase activity" SIGNOR-252636 ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000222 8380166 t 2 miannu "Id1 and Id2 interacted strongly with MyoD and Myf-5.Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-240268 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr216 AGERRKGtDVNVFNT 9606 24103589 t lperfetto "Location of sites in human lipocortin i that are phosphorylated by protein tyrosine kinases and protein kinases a and cthe primary site of phosphorylation by protein kinase c was also near the amino terminus at ser-27. The major site of phosphorylation by adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate dependent protein kinase was on the carboxy-terminal half of the molecule at thr-216" SIGNOR-202800 aldosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:27584 ChEBI NR3C2 protein P08235 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 8282004 t miannu "The sex steroid progesterone bound with an affinity (ki < 0.01 nM) even higher than that of aldosterone to the human mineralocorticoid receptor and effectively antagonized the effect of aldosterone via the human mineralocorticoid receptor in functional co-transfection assays. This indicates that progesterone has potent antimineralocorticoid properties, while its antiglucocorticoid effects were less pronounced. The partial agonistic activities of antihormones in this assay suggest a direct interaction of antihormone-receptor complexes with the response elements on the DNA. aldosterone shows a higher functional sensitivity for the human mineralocorticoid receptor than deoxycorticosterone (higher affinity) or cortisol (similar affinity). Moreover, the very high binding affinity of the human mineralocorticoid receptor for progesterone (k i < 0.0l nM) in combination with the very low agonistic activity indicates that progesterone may act as a potent human mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that is even more effective than spironolactone (k~ = 5.7 nM), which displays no partial agonistic activity (fig. 4)." SIGNOR-258712 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT ROS1 protein P08922 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr2274 KNREGLNyMVLATEC 9606 11266449 t gcesareni "Phosphorylated ros strongly and directly associates with shp-1.Overexpression Of shp-1 results in ros dephosphorylation and effectively downregulates ros-dependent proliferation and transformation" SIGNOR-105919 AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10085134 t "Amphiregulin is an autocrine growth factor" gcesareni "The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates the actions of a family of bioactive peptides that include epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin (AR)" SIGNOR-65576 OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256770 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr198 PGLRRRQt 9606 18593906 t gcesareni "We show, herein, that all the pim family members (pim1, pim2, and pim3) bind to and directly phosphorylate the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) at threonine-157 and threonine-198 residues in cells and in vitro.|Pim kinases promote cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis by down-regulating p27(Kip1) expression at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels." SIGNOR-259425 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr349 EEPPDHQyYNDFPGK 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t gcesareni "The syk-family kinases (syk and zap-70) were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site on sch1 (iso2)." SIGNOR-59635 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1871 SPKYSPTsPKYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120224 CFAP53 protein Q96M91 UNIPROT ODAD4 protein Q96NG3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000379 33347437 t miannu "CFAP53 likely facilitates the transport of TTC25 and the dyneins into cilia. CFAP53 at the centriolar satellites may form a complex with TTC25 and ODAs, including DNAH5 and DNAH11, and regulate their trafficking into the cilium (Fig 10B)." SIGNOR-265543 RPL27 protein P61353 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262474 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT IFNGR2/INFGR1 complex SIGNOR-C142 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 23898330 t lperfetto "In the classical model of IFNgamma signaling, dimeric IFNgamma cross-links the IFNGR1 receptor subunit that results in allosteric changes in receptor cytoplasmic domain. This results in movement of JAK2 from receptor subunit IFNGR2 to IFNGR1. The JAKs autophosphorylate and then phosphorylate IFNGR1 cytoplasmic domain. This results in binding, phosphorylation, and dimer formation of STAT1_. The dimeric STAT1_ dissociates from receptor and undergoes nuclear translocation via an intrinsic NLS for specific gene activation" SIGNOR-249493 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser558 GSSQGRNsPAPAVTA 10090 BTO:0000964 34048556 t lperfetto "Once an oocyte resumes meiosis, activated CDK1 and ERK1/2 cooperatively mediate the phosphorylation of three serine residues of PAPalpha, 537, 545 and 558, thereby leading to increased activity." SIGNOR-268340 mir-206 mirna URS0000389B41_9606 RNAcentral PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 20819939 t "We show that miR-1 and miR-206 facilitate satellite cell differentiation by restricting their proliferative potential. We identify Pax7 as one of the direct regulatory targets of miR-1 and miR-206. Inhibition of miR-1 and miR-206 substantially enhances satellite cell proliferation and increases Pax7 protein level in vivo" SIGNOR-255921 SSTR1 protein P30872 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256822 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr551 RYVLDDEyTSSVGSK 9606 BTO:0000776 8630736 t lperfetto "Overexpression of btk with a src family kinase increases tyrosine phosphorylation and catalytic activity of btk. This occurs by transphosphorylation at y551 in the btk catalytic domain and the enhancement of btk autophosphorylation at a second site. We mapped the major btk autophosphorylation site to y223 within the sh3 domain" SIGNOR-41480 GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17606614 t gcesareni "Recently, the dbl-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (gef) p63rhogef/geft has been described as a novel mediator of galpha(q/11) signaling to rhoa based on its ability to synergize with galpha(q/11) resulting in enhanced rhoa signaling in cells." SIGNOR-156534 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr312 TNGEFKMtDPDEVAR 9606 21321929 t lperfetto "We have previously demonstrated that in response to transforming growth factor _ (tgf_), fli-1 activity is repressed through a series of sequential posttranslational modifications, consisting of protein kinase c_ (pkc_)-induced thr312 phosphorylation, acetylation by p300/creb binding protein-associated factor, and detachment from the collagen promoter." SIGNOR-172113 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr670 IAKPIPQtPESAGNK 9606 21335236 t gcesareni "We show that npc disassembly is a phosphorylation-driven process, dependent on cdk1 activity and supported by members of the nima-related kinase (nek) family. mitotic hyperphosphorylation of nup98 is accomplished by multiple kinases, including cdk1 and neks." SIGNOR-172225 WNT9A protein O14904 UNIPROT CHRNA1 protein P02708 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 22309736 t gcesareni "We identified five wnts (wnt9a, wnt9b, wnt10b, wnt11, and wnt16) that are able to stimulate achr clustering, of which wnt9a and wnt11 are expressed abundantly in developing muscles." SIGNOR-195972 palmitoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15525 ChEBI 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267885 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT SNCA protein P37840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 NEAYEMPsEEGYQDY 9606 16957079 t llicata "Grk5 phosphorylated ser-129 of alpha-synuclein at the plasma membrane and induced translocation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein to the perikaryal area. Grk5-catalyzed phosphorylation also promoted the formation of soluble oligomers and aggregates of alpha-synuclein." SIGNOR-149372 SLC25A1 protein P53007 UNIPROT citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29651165 t "SLC25A1, a mitochondrial carrier that promotes the flux of citrate/isocitrate across the mitochondria, in exchange for the entry of cytosolic malate" SIGNOR-267289 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT PMAIP1 protein Q13794 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10807576 f "Nuclear p53" amattioni "Expression of noxa was dependent on p53. Noxa represent a mediator of p53-dependent apoptosis." SIGNOR-76152 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GJB1 protein P08034 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser229 QRRSNPPsRKGSGFG -1 8390988 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of connexin-32 by protein kinase C prevents its proteolysis by mu-calpain and m-calpain. |In agreement with other authors (see Saez et al., 1990b), we have found that phosphorylation of connexin-32 by protein kinase A and protein kinase C occurs in serine residues, although we have detected trace amounts of phosphothreonine in connexin-32 phosphorylated by protein kinase C (results not shown). Indeed, Se233 has been shown to be the major phosphorylation site catalyzed by protein kinase A. However, Ser233, Ser239, and perhaps other serines are phosphorylated by protein kinase C (Saez et al., 1990b)." SIGNOR-248919 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 17139329 f fferrentino "Phosphorylation of receptor-regulated SMADs (for example, SMAD1 or SMAD3) stimulates dimer formation with SMAD4 and translocation to the nucleus, where the SMADs regulate the transcription of target gene SMAD3 binds to C/EBPs and inhibits their transcriptional activity, including their ability to transactivate the Pparg2 promoter" SIGNOR-253537 DOT1L protein Q8TEK3 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20854876 f irozzo "Inhibition of EAP components pTEFb and Dot1l show that both contribute significantly to activation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 expression. EAP is dynamically associated with the Hoxa9 and Meis1 loci in hematopoietic cells and rapidly dissociates during induction of differentiation. In the presence of MLL fusion proteins, its dissociation is prevented." SIGNOR-256143 MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 8288123 f miannu "The myogenic regulators myod, myogenin, myf5, and mrf4 share -80% amino acid identity within a basic helix-loop--helix (bhlh) motif that mediates dimerization and dna binding. / myogenic bhlh proteins form heterodimers with ubiquitous bhlh proteins, known as e proteins, and activate the transcription of muscle-specific genes by binding to the e-box consensus sequence (canntg) in muscle gene promoters and enhancers." SIGNOR-37455 RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000149 15886098 t "CrkL forms a constitutive complex with Abl, thus explaining the strong preference of Bcr-Abl for CrkL." gcesareni "Rin1 binds to the abl sh3 and sh2 domains, and these inetractions stimulate abl2 catalytic activity. This leads to increased phosphorylation of crk and crkl" SIGNOR-136961 N1'-[3-fluoro-4-[[6-methoxy-7-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]-4-quinolinyl]oxy]phenyl]-N1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91418 ChEBI MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258214 CDH7 protein Q9ULB5 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265869 PURB protein Q96QR8 UNIPROT MYH6 protein P13533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12933792 f miannu "In functional assays, PURalpha and PURbeta repressed alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) gene expression in the presence of upstream regulatory sequences of the gene." SIGNOR-253901 PJA2 protein O43164 UNIPROT PRKAR1B protein P31321 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21423175 t miannu "Praja2 controls the stability of PKA regulatory subunits. Praja2 ubiquitylates RIIα/β subunits. Subunits" SIGNOR-271857 WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT Frizzled proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF11 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 18697834 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Wnt1, Wnt3a and Wnt5a all induced a statistically greater degree of proliferation than control cells" SIGNOR-255649 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 9606 SIGNOR-C17 16287866 t gcesareni "Here, we show that the apoptotic initiator protease caspase-9 is regulated during the cell cycle through periodic phosphorylation at an inhibitory site, thr125. This site is phosphorylated by cdk1/cyclin b1 during mitosis and in response to microtubule poisons that arrest cells at this stage of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-141621 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CAPN1 protein P07384 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000590 25969760 t lperfetto "The data obtained from those studies suggest that the mechanisms leading to the formation of the hallmark lesions of AD might be linked. One of such mechanisms seems to be the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis that results in the abnormal activation of calpains. Calpains are a family of Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases that play a key role in multiple cell functions including cell development, differentiation and proliferation, axonal guidance, growth cone motility, and cell death, among others." SIGNOR-251580 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser5 sPVRSVRK 9606 9029153 t lperfetto "Id2 acts by forming heterodimers that are unable to bind to specific (e-box) dna sequences. Here we show that this activity can be overcome by phosphorylation of a serine residue within a consensus target site for cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). In vitro, id2 can be phosphorylated by either cyclin e-cdk2 or cyclin a-cdk2_" SIGNOR-217320 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PKD2L1 protein Q9P0L9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser682 EIEKLGRsIVSSPQG -1 29230552 t miannu "PKD2L1 channel activation by PKA phosphorylation. In this study, we observed the activity of PKD2L1 channel increased by the downstream cascades of β2AR and found the clustered phosphorylation sites, Ser-682, Ser-685, and Ser-686 that are significant in the channel regulation by phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273563 SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT HPGD protein P15428 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004078 17575121 f miannu "the Slug protein, but not ZEB1, binds to the PGDH promoter and represses transcription." SIGNOR-255172 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT protein Q5T7P8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr417 RRLKKKKtTIKKNTL 9606 BTO:0001277 16111671 t miannu "We have previously reported that synaptotagmin VI is present in human sperm cells and that a recombinant protein containing the C2A and C2B domains abrogates acrosomal exocytosis in permeabilized spermatozoa, an effect that was regulated by phosphorylation. We found by site-directed mutagenesis that Thr418 and/or Thr419 in the polybasic region (KKKTTIK) of the C2B domain--a key region for the function of synaptotagmins--are the PKC target that regulates its inhibitory effect on acrosomal exocytosis. Similarly, we showed that Thr284 in the polybasic region of C2A (KCKLQTR) is the target for PKC-mediated phosphorylation in this domain." SIGNOR-273564 "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding -1 23563140 t miannu "We found that interaction of the CKM with Mediator's middle module interferes with CTD-dependent RNAPII binding to a previously unknown middle-module CTD-binding site and with the holoenzyme formation process. Taken together, our results reveal the basis for CKM repression, clarify the origin of the connection between CKM subunits and the CTD and suggest that a combination of competitive interactions and conformational changes that facilitate holoenzyme formation underlie the mechanism of transcription regulation by Mediator." SIGNOR-266687 SYNE1 protein Q8NF91 UNIPROT MSH2/MSH6 complex SIGNOR-C60 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001950 24781983 t miannu "Nesprin-1 is involved in the DNA Damage Response network. The Nesprin-1 interaction with MSH2 and MSH6 (MutSα complex) is a constitutive cellular event required for proper DNA repair." SIGNOR-261823 ARHGAP6 protein O43182 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260462 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser418 TTENRFHsLPFSLTK 9606 BTO:0000661 15870263 t gianni "In response to cellular stimuli, CYLD undergoes rapid and transient phosphorylation, which is required for signal-induced TRAF2 ubiquitination and activation of downstream signaling events. Interestingly, the CYLD phosphorylation requires IkappaB kinase gamma (IKKgamma) and can be induced by IKK catalytic subunits." SIGNOR-266436 VARS1 protein P26640 UNIPROT Val-tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29164 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30755602 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase." SIGNOR-270530 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32231345 f doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.983247 miannu "Unlike SARS-CoV, live SARS-CoV-2-infected cells were found to form typical syncytium, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may mainly utilize the plasma membrane fusion pathway to enter and replicate inside host cells. Consistently, in the cell–cell fusion system, SARS-CoV-2 S protein could effectively mediate the formation of syncytium between the effector cell and the target cell in the absence of an exogenous proteolytic enzyme, e.g., trypsin, while SARS-CoV S protein could not. Actually, the plasma membrane fusion pathway is more efficient than the endosomal membrane fusion pathway for most viruses because the latter is more prone to activating the host cell antiviral immunity." SIGNOR-260286 YWHAE protein P62258 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 17202468 t miannu "14-3-3epsilon is involved in the proper localization of NUDEL and LIS1 in axons. 14-3-3ε binds to NUDEL phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk5) and maintains NUDEL phosphorylation. Deficiency of 14-3-3ε causes mislocalization of the NUDEL/LIS1 complex from axons, suggesting that 14-3-3ε regulates the axonal targeting of the NUDEL/LIS1 complex by sustaining NUDEL phosphorylation" SIGNOR-252160 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr388 VYFKPSLtPSGEFRK 9606 19767751 t llicata "These results indicate that phosphorylation of nup153 and nup214 by erk strongly reduces their affinity for importin-. nup153 depletion caused a strong inhibition of nuclear accumulation of gfp?importin-beta in both erk-inhibited and erk-activated cells (fig. 8b,c), indicating that nup153 is essential for the efficient importin-beta transport." SIGNOR-188147 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16146838 f lperfetto "Oncogenic mutations of Flt3 also result in the activation of aberrant signaling pathways, including strong activation of STAT5, induction of STAT target genes, and repression of myeloid transcription factors c/EBP-3 and Pu.1." SIGNOR-249635 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000815 21113658 f lperfetto "In this context, SOSTDC1 leads to decreased cellular proliferation and inhibition of Wnt3a- and BMP-7-induced signaling" SIGNOR-242714 "Av/b5 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C178 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257723 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 18593906 t tpavlidou "Pim-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation of forkhead transcription factors, foxo1a and foxo3a, was involved in the transcriptional repression of the p27(kip1) gene." SIGNOR-259429 YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000222;BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 23038772 f gcesareni "In our analysis bmp4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and fstl3 (follistatin-related protein 3) increased their expression in response to hyap1 s127a overexpression." SIGNOR-199066 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr172 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 9606 SIGNOR-C15 14976552 t gcesareni "We demonstrated that lkb1 phosphorylates ampk on the activation loop threonine (thr172) within the catalytic subunit and activates ampk in vitro. Here, we have investigated whether lkb1 corresponds to the major ampkk activity present in cell extracts. Ampkk purified from rat liver corresponds to lkb1, and blocking lkb1 activity in cells abolishes ampk activation in response to different stimuli" SIGNOR-122725 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser424 CDEEFSDsEDEGEGG 9606 BTO:0000567 12082111 t llicata "HDAC2 is phosphorylated uniquely by protein kinase CK2 in vitro. Studies using unfractionated cell extracts with CK2 inhibitors suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major source of HDAC2 kinase. Finally, and perhaps most interesting, HDAC2 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity, selectively regulates complex formation, but has no effect on transcriptional repression. | Since our data suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major kinase responsible for HDAC2 phosphorylation, and because Ser422 and Ser424, but not Ser411, lie within CK2 recognition sequences, we believe that Ser394, Ser422, and Ser424 constitute the three phosphorylated residues in HDAC2." SIGNOR-251003 G1/S_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH50 SIGNOR DNA_replication phenotype SIGNOR-PH53 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21524151 f lperfetto "In addition to the successive phosphorylation of pRb by active Cyclin/Cdk complexes, other factors can also impact upon S-phase entry Subsequently, the initiation of replication requires the formation of a pre-initiation complex (pre-IC) that is initiated by phosphorylation of Mcm2-7 by CyclinE/Cdk2 and DDK (Dbf4- and Drf1-dependent kinase) and recruitment of Cdc45 onto the chromatin (Figure 1). This recruitment is thought to be the critical step for the activation of the Mcm2-7 helicase activity and replication initiation. Finally, unwinding of the chromatin enables DNA-polymerase _ to initiate DNA synthesis and DNA-polymerase _ to continue replication" SIGNOR-245489 CUL2 protein Q13617 UNIPROT ARIH1 protein Q9Y4X5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24076655 t miannu "Here, we provide evidence that Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases such as TRIAD1 and HHARI can bind and be activated by CRL complexes. Whereas TRIAD1 specifically associates with CUL5–RBX2, HHARI is more promiscuous towards cullin types and associates with RBX1-associated cullins 1, 2, 3, and 4A. Interestingly, both TRIAD1 and HHARI show a strong preference for binding the neddylated form of the cullin. Our data suggest a novel function of NEDD8 in directing specific CRLs to Ariadne RBR ligases, which in turn exert influence on the levels of their cognate neddylated cullin." SIGNOR-268845 PKNOX1 protein P55347 UNIPROT SYP protein P08247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20864515 f miannu "Prep1 overexpression in HepG2 liver cells upregulated SYP and SHP1 and inhibited insulin-induced IR and IRS1/2 phosphorylation and was accompanied by reduced glycogen content." SIGNOR-254923 PDPK2P protein Q6A1A2 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15505410 t gcesareni "Akt to the plasma membrane where it is phosphorylated and activated by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (pdk) 1 and pdk2." SIGNOR-129965 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "The membrane-bound Notch segment that results from this cleavage, known as Notch Intracellular Truncation domain (NEXT), is a -secretase substrate (Kopan and Ilagan, 2009). -Secretase performs the subsequent cleavage at S3 (De Strooper et al., 1999), releasing Notch intracellular domain (NICD) from the membrane and allowing for signal transduction through binding with the CBL-1, Su(H), Lag-1 (CSL; Schroeter et al., 1998; Struhl and Adachi, 1998) family of DNA binding proteins." SIGNOR-209726 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271284 CLTCL1 protein P53675 UNIPROT "AP-1/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C251 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260679 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys93 VCHFSPLkSDQDYIL 9606 BTO:0000007 19946338 t gcesareni "Here, we show that Ebp1 p42 isoform can be sumoylated on both K93 and K298 residues, which mediate its nuclear translocation and are required for its anti-proliferative activity €.. Hence, TLS-mediated sumoylation is required for Ebp1 transcriptional repressive activity." SIGNOR-236904 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr536 QKGQESEyGNITYPP 9606 BTO:0001412 8692915 t gcesareni "Treatment with ionizing radiation is associated with c-Abl-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of SHPTP1. The results demonstrate that the SH3 domain of c-Abl interacts with a WPDHGVPSEP motif (residues 417-426) in the catalytic domain of SHPTP1 and that c-Abl phosphorylates C terminal Y536 and Y564 sites." SIGNOR-246227 atropine chemical CHEBI:16684 ChEBI CHRM4 protein P08173 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258390 Terfenadine chemical CHEBI:9453 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19660947 t Luana " hERG activity was initially determined in a high throughput patch clamp screening assay (Ionworks)5 while a human H1 binding assay was used to determine H1 binding affinity.6 Selected results were confirmed in vitro using an IonWorks Quattro patch clamp assay and in vivo in the guinea pig.7, 8 Histamine H1activity was confirmed in vivo in the guinea pig.7" SIGNOR-257825 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR ALDH3B1 protein P43353 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001078 26124079 t miannu "We now show that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 for the ALDH3 family of enzymes. We now show that the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ALDH3 mediated by FBXL12 (F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12) is essential for execution of the differentiation program of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). FBXL12 is present only in eutherian mammals, and its expression is largely restricted to the placenta during mouse embryogenesis. FBXL12 was found to interact specifically with members of the ALDH3 family and to mediate their polyubiquitylation. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that FBXL12 interacted efficiently only with members of the ALDH3 family (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, and ALDH3B1), showing little if any association with those of the ALDH1 family (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3) (Fig. 2H). Collectively, these results suggested that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 specific for ALDH3 family members." SIGNOR-272819 "docetaxel anhydrous" chemical CHEBI:4672 ChEBI TUBB1 protein Q9H4B7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23337758 t miannu "Tubulin exists in the cell as dimers of α and β subunits, which complexes with a variety of regulatory proteins. There is a dynamic equilibrium between free and polymerized tubulin causing a state called ""dynamic instability,"" which is a target of anticancer drugs, which inhibit tubulin through polymerization (taxanes, epothilones) or depolymerization (vinca alkaloids). Docetaxel-based therapy was the first such treatment to demonstrate a survival benefit in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer." SIGNOR-259343 GABRG2 protein P18507 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263755 GRIK5 protein Q16478 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 29953871 t miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction. iGluRs and mGluRs can generate intracellular Ca2+ signals, albeit by different mechanisms, whose crosstalk has not been thoroughly explored (Figure 2C). iGluRs allow the influx of extracellular Ca2+ upon pore opening. This is widely acknowledged for NMDARs, which have a high Ca2+ conductance, but Ca2+ flux through AMPARs and KARs can still be substantial." SIGNOR-264946 PROK2 protein Q9HC23 UNIPROT PROKR2 protein Q8NFJ6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12024206 t gcesareni "We have cloned two closely related receptors for pk1 and pk2. These receptors, named prokineticin receptor 1 and 2 (pkr1 and pkr2)" SIGNOR-87919 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12242151 t gcesareni "We find short peptides representing the alpha-helical bh3 domains of bid or bim are capable of inducing oligomerization of bak and bax to release cytochrome c. these data support a two-class model for bh3 domains: bid-like domains that activate bax, bak and bad-like domains that sensitize by occupying the pocket of antiapoptotic members." SIGNOR-92942 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP2 protein P11137 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1710 HVTSKCGsLKNIRHR -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250165 MYO9B protein Q13459 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260511 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser186 EAGSGAAsSSGEDKE -1 12527891 t llicata "Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrates that at least two serine residues, Ser-186 and Ser-187, are phosphorylated in vivo. | Finally, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of CDC25B by protein kinase CK2 increases the catalytic activity of the phosphatase in vitro as well as in vivo." SIGNOR-250836 NFYC protein Q13952 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15496512 f miannu "Coactivator RNF4 is involved in the GCH gene expression. Through serial deletion and mutagenesis studies of the GCH promoter, we defined the RNF4-responsive element on GCH proximal promoter as a CCAAT box. RNF4 did not possess specific DNA binding activity toward this CCAAT box, which suggests that RNF4 may be a coactivator of the CCAAT boxbinding protein nuclear factor Y (NF-Y). RNF4 is a coactivator for nuclear factor Y on GTP cyclohydrolase I proximal promoter." SIGNOR-252234 BLM protein P54132 UNIPROT UIMC1 protein Q96RL1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 23708797 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitin/SUMO-dependent DNA damage response (UbS-DDR), controlled by the E3 ligases RNF8/RNF168, triggers BLM recruitment to sites of replication fork stalling via ubiquitylation in the N-terminal region of BLM and subsequent BLM binding to the ubiquitin-interacting motifs of . " SIGNOR-272116 dothiepin chemical CHEBI:36798 ChEBI CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8100134 t miannu "Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Competition between [‘H]QNB and the antidepressant compounds (Table 1) showed that at the ml subtype the most potent drugs were amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortriptyline; at the m2 receptor, amitriptyline > imipramine > nortriptyline = dothiepin; at the m3 recep- tor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > nortriptyline; at the m4 receptor, amitriptyline > dothiepin > doxepin = nortrip- tyline; and at the m5 receptor, amitriptyline > doxepin > imipramine." SIGNOR-258695 CLASP2 protein O75122 UNIPROT IQGAP1 protein P46940 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 19638411 t lperfetto "IQGAP1 is a novel CLASP2-interacting protein| nonphosphorylated CLASP2 on microtubules is allowed to associate with IQGAP1 for the coupling of microtubules to actin filaments at the front of migrating cells." SIGNOR-264828 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT CARD11 protein Q9BXL7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 15802604 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (pdk1) has an essential role in this pathway by regulating the activation of pkc and through signal-dependent recruiting of both pkc and card11 to lipid rafts." SIGNOR-134866 TJP2 protein Q9UDY2 UNIPROT WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21808241 t milica "In addition, yap and taz interact with another tight junction protein zo-2, which was reported to increase nuclear localization of yap and tight-junction localization of taz." SIGNOR-175931 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 10207047 t gcesareni "The results indicate that ship, shc, and grb2 form a ternary complex in stimulated b cells, with grb2 stabilizing the interaction between shc and ship. The interactions between shc, grb2, and ship are therefore analogous to the interactions between shc, grb2, and sos. Shc and grb2 may help to localize ship to the cell membrane, regulating ship's inhibitory function following bcr stimulation." SIGNOR-66949 CSF2 protein P04141 UNIPROT CSF3R protein Q99062 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000130 7691413 t gcesareni "A g-csfr expression plasmid was introduced into interleukin-3 (il-3)-dependent mouse myeloid precursor fdc-p1 cells that normally do not respond to g-csf. G-csf stimulated proliferation of the transformants these results suggested that the g-csfr, but not the il-3/gm-csf receptors, transduced the neutrophilic differentiation signal into cells." SIGNOR-31963 TFAP2B protein Q92481 UNIPROT CRYAB protein P02511 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21556774 t miannu "Aberrant expression of CRYAB has been shown to be associated with several neurological diseases and malignant neoplasms. To identify transcriptional regulators of CRYAB expression, we examined its promoter for binding sites of transcription factors and identified four potential AP-2 binding sites in addition to a p53 binding site reported previously|Taken together, our results indicate that AP-2_ up-regulates the transcription of the CRYAB gene through stabilizing p53" SIGNOR-253637 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser418 TEERLPSsPVYEDAA 9606 20444238 t gcesareni "Cortactin is regulated by multiple phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of s405 and s418 by extracellular regulated kinases (erk)1/2. Erk1/2 phosphorylation of cortactin has emerged as an important positive regulatory modification, enabling cortactin to bind and activate the arp2/3 regulator neuronal wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp), promoting actin polymerization and enhancing tumor cell movement." SIGNOR-165212 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser296 KQRRSIIsPNFSFMG 9606 16286470 t lperfetto "The dual-specificity mapk phosphatase mkp-1/cl100/dusp1 is an inducible nuclear protein controlled by p44/42 mapk (erk1/2) in a negative feedback mechanism to inhibit kinase activity. Here, we report on the molecular basis for a novel positive feedback mechanism to sustain erk activation by triggering mkp-1 proteolysis. Active erk2 docking to the def motif (fxfp, residues 339-342) of n-terminally truncated mkp-1 in vitro initiated phosphorylation at the ser(296)/ser(323) domain" SIGNOR-141593 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT SNAI2 protein O43623 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18588516 f miannu "The down-regulation of slug in the ERalpha-positive MCF-7 cell line was mediated by direct repression of slug transcription by the formation of a co-repressor complex involving ligand-activated ERalpha protein, HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1) and N-CoR (nuclear receptor co-repressor)." SIGNOR-254230 BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256907 KLC1 protein Q07866 UNIPROT TOR1A protein O14656 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 14970196 t Monia "We identified the light chain subunit (KLC1) of kinesin-I as an interacting partner for torsinA, with binding occurring between the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of KLC1 and the carboxyl-terminal region of torsinA. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that wildtype torsinA and kinesin-I form a complex in vivo. These studies suggest that wild-type torsinA undergoes anterograde transport along microtubules mediated by kinesin and may act as a molecular chaperone regulating kinesin activity and/or cargo binding." SIGNOR-261172 BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C408 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31608994 t miannu "PRC1 has been categorised into canonical and noncanonical/variant PRC1; canonical PRC1 (Morey, Aloia, Cozzuto, Benitah, & Di Croce, 2013) includes chromobox (Cbx) proteins, Ring1, human polyhomeotic homologue protein (Hph) and polycomb ring finger (Pcgf) (Pcgf2/Mel18 and Pcgf4/Bmi1) proteins whereas noncanonical/variant PRC1 involves RING1 and YY1 binding protein (Rybp), Ring1 and Pcgf (Pcgf 1–6) proteins (Wu, Johansen, & Helin, 2013). Figure 3 illustrates the various proteins that form the canonical and noncanonical PRC1. The Ring1 along with Pcgf2/4 forms a core heterodimer which interacts with other accessory components of PRC1 complex through C‐terminal ring finger and WD40 ubiquitin‐like (RAWUL) domains see Figure 4b" SIGNOR-266812 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR CBFB protein Q13951 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f irozzo "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions. We found that MLL-BP and the 3 MLL fusion proteins all decreased RUNX1 levels, and MLL-eleven nineteen leukemia (ENL) caused a greater decrease in RUNX1 compared with MLL-AF9 and MLL-AF4 fusion proteins." SIGNOR-255856 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr361 KVMENFIyESMRYQP 9606 BTO:0000150 19556341 t amattioni "Phosphorylation of the 361-tyrosine residue is crucial in the up-regulation of aromatase activity. c-src protein directly phosphorylates aromatase on tyrosine 361." SIGNOR-186284 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 11804592 t gcesareni "Through its direct interaction with smads, c-myc binds to the sp1-smad complex on the promoter of the p15(ink4b) gene, thereby inhibiting the tgf-beta-induced transcriptional activity of sp1 and smad/sp1-dependent transcription of the p15(ink4b) gene. These results suggest that oncogenic c-myc promotes cell growth and cancer development partly by inhibiting the growth inhibitory functions of smads." SIGNOR-114284 P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001545 19516275 f miannu "Hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) inhibits the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is a key RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcriptional regulator. In transfected cells, mutated NPM1 associated with, and sequestered, HEXIM1 in cytoplasm, resulting in higher transcription of RNA pol II target genes, among which were some positive regulators of cell-cycle progression such as cyclin D1 and anti-apoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1" SIGNOR-260136 TFIIIC complex SIGNOR-C392 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 9308965 t lperfetto "Transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) requires multiple general initiation factors that, in isolated form, assemble onto the promoter in an ordered fashion. Here, it is shown that all components required for transcription of the VA1 and tRNA genes, including TFIIIB, TFIIIC, and RNA Pol III, can be coimmunopurified from a HeLa cell line that constantly expresses a FLAG epitope-tagged subunit of human RNA Pol III." SIGNOR-266182 VPS39 protein Q96JC1 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9534 12941698 t miannu "The data demonstrating binding of TLP to TGF-β and activin type II receptors and selective inhibition of Smad3/Smad4 complex formation by deregulated TLP suggest that TLP is involved in localizing these receptors and Smad4 to specific intracellular compartments, where it regulates formation of Smad3/Smad4 but not Smad2/Smad4 complexes." SIGNOR-261377 MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21763684 t gcesareni "One of the earliest events is recruitment and activation of the atm at the damaged dna sites through the mre11rad50nbs1 (mrn) sensor complex. the mre11/rad50/nbs1 (mrn) complex maintains genomic stability by bridging dna ends and initiating dna damage signaling through activation of the atm kinase." SIGNOR-175006 haloperidol chemical CHEBI:5613 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "Marked differences were observed between the actions of ‘antagonists’ (Table 2; Fig. 2D ). methiothepin and butaclamol, as well asspiperone, exhibited negative efficacy by concentration-dependently inhibiting S GTPgS binding below basal levels, indicating that they act as inverse agonists in this system.WAY 100,135, yUH 301 and the 5-HTreceptor1A and b-adrenergic receptor antagonist ,ytertatolol, acted as ‘neutral’ antagonists, exhibiting antagonist activity without any detectable agonist or inverse agonist effects." SIGNOR-258838 NatA complex SIGNOR-C415 SIGNOR H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0001109 21351257 t miannu "The human protein N(α)-terminal acetyltransferase A complex (hNatA), composed of the catalytic hNaa10p (hArd1) and auxiliary hNaa15p (hNat1/NATH/Tubedown) subunits, was reported to be important for cell survival and growth of various types of cancer.  lack of acetylation by hNatA activated H2A.X and Chk2 in both HCT116 cell lines independent of TP53 status (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-267227 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t miannu "Electrons flow from the C-terminal reductase domain of one NOS monomer to the N-terminal oxygenase domain of the other NOS monomer (Siddhanta et al., 1998). The primary mode of enzyme activation is the binding of calcium-bound calmodulin to the N-terminal CaM-binding domain. This facilitates a structure change and the flow of electrons from NADPH through the flavins to the oxygenase domain of the other eNOS monomer" SIGNOR-266339 NDRG1 protein Q92597 UNIPROT RAB4A protein P20338 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130 17786215 t miannu "In this report evidence is provided that ndrg1 is a rab4a effector protein that localizes to perinuclear recycling/sorting vesicles in the trans golgi network by binding to phophatidylinositol 4-phosphate and is involved in recycling of e-cadherin. This is the first demonstration providing evidence that ndrg1 is a rab4a effector recruiting to recycling/sorting endosomes." SIGNOR-157697 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 17277771 t lperfetto "Furthermore, pras40 phosphorylation by akt and association with 14-3-3, a cytosolic anchor protein, are crucial for insulin to stimulate mtor. These findings identify pras40 as an important regulator of insulin sensitivity of the akt-mtor pathway and a potential target for the treatment of cancers, insulin resistance and hamartoma syndromes." SIGNOR-235967 SLC38A1 protein Q9H2H9 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26724577 t "Fourteen of them [[SLC transporters] , capable of transporting glutamine across the plasma membrane, are found in four families: SLC1, SLC6, SLC7, and SLC38. However, it is generally thought that the members of the SLC38 family are the principal transporters for glutamine." SIGNOR-266912 SETD5 protein Q9C0A6 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP -1 31515109 t miannu "SETD5 Exhibits Intrinsic Methyltransferase Activity on H3K36. This assay showed that SETD5 has specific histone methyltransferase activity toward K36 but not for other residues such as K4 and K27 (Figure 8B). we revealed that SETD5 is endowed with H3K36 methyltransferase, which is necessary for RNA elongation and processing and, ultimately, correct gene transcription." SIGNOR-264621 NLGN3 protein Q9NZ94 UNIPROT NRXN1 protein P58400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264147 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2H protein P62256 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271362 Hypoxia stimulus SIGNOR-ST25 SIGNOR EGLN3 protein Q9H6Z9 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 24990963 f lperfetto "There are three EglN family members in humans and mice (EglN1, EglN2, and EglN3). Their enzymatic activity requires oxygen, ascorbic acid, iron, and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Under hypoxic conditions, EglNs lose their activity and fail to hydroxylate HIFα, which leads to HIFα stabilization" SIGNOR-262002 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GPM6A protein P51674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr10 ENMEEGQtQKGCFEC 10116 BTO:0001009 12359212 t miannu "In summary, a CNS neuron-specific membrane glycoprotein, M6a, could act as a novel NGF-gated Ca2+ channel through the phosphorylation with PKC and augments [Ca2+]i in M6a-S cells." SIGNOR-263163 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser361 LAEGTPRsNHSAQDS 9606 BTO:0001271 23071339 t miannu "Syk phoshorylatesikarosat unique c-terminal serine phosphorylation sites s358 and s361, thereby augmenting its nuclear localization and sequence-specific dna binding activity. Mechanistically, we establish that syk-inducedikarosactivation is essential for its nuclear localization and optimal transcription factor function." SIGNOR-199096 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR diphosphate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:33019 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270367 CCR1 protein P32246 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 20219869 t areggio "The investigators showed that myoblasts constitutively express receptors for CCL2 (CCR2), CCL3 (CCR1 and CCR5), and CCL4 (CCR5), and that stimulation with either CCL2 or CCL4 was sufficient to promote myoblast proliferation. Furthermore, stimulation of myoblasts with CCL2, CCL3, or CCL4 was sufficient to induce phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2." SIGNOR-255118 "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "Respiratory electron transport chain" phenotype SIGNOR-PH141 SIGNOR up-regulates 30030361 f lperfetto "The oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) of the mitochondrial inner membrane is composed of five enzymes (complexes I–V; cI–V). In mammals, they are all multimeric and, except for cII, have subunits encoded both in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and the nuclear genome (nDNA)." SIGNOR-262139 STT3B protein Q8TCJ2 UNIPROT "OST-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C536 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 31831667 t miannu "Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalyzes the transfer of a high-mannose glycan onto secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mammals express two distinct OST complexes that act in a cotranslational (OST-A) or posttranslocational (OST-B) manner. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human OST-A and OST-B. Although they have similar overall architectures, structural differences in the catalytic subunits STT3A and STT3B facilitate contacts to distinct OST subunits, DC2 in OST-A and MAGT1 in OST-B. In OST-A, interactions with TMEM258 and STT3A allow ribophorin-I to form a four-helix bundle that can bind to a translating ribosome, whereas the equivalent region is disordered in OST-B. " SIGNOR-272070 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr199 VKKSIRDtPAKNAQK 9606 12058066 t lperfetto "However, under the experimental conditions used here, the t199 residue was the most likely candidate to be phosphorylated by cyclin b/cdc2 these results strongly support the concept that the rna binding activity of b23.1 is inactivated by cyclin b/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-216845 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 11884589 t lperfetto "Ptp-1b can regulate igf-ir kinase activity and function and that loss of ptp-1b can enhance igf-i-mediated cell survival, growth, and motility in transformed cells." SIGNOR-115709 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22378047 f "IL-10 activates STAT3-mediated expression of genes (Il10, Tgfb1, Mrc1) associated with an M2-like phenotype" SIGNOR-254515 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT CEACAM1 protein P13688 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr457 CFLHFGKtGRASDQR 9606 BTO:0000149 24302721 t lperfetto "Camkiid specifically phosphorylates thr-457 on ceacam1-sf, which in turn regulates the process of lumen formation via apoptosis of the central acinar cells." SIGNOR-203402 PDK4 protein Q16654 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser232 NRYGMGTsVERAAAS -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109621 GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 17213822 t miannu "Co-immunoprecipitation analyses and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that ETS1 bound directly to GFI1 via its Ets domain, and GFI1 bound to ETS1 via its zinc-finger domain. Luciferase (Luc) assays using artificial reporters showed that GFI1 repressed ETS1-mediated transcriptional activation and ETS1 repressed GFI1-mediated transcriptional activation, in a dose-dependent manner." SIGNOR-254201 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268209 DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT H2AW protein Q7L7L0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys119 IQAVLLPkKTESHHK 9606 BTO:0000007 18206970 t miannu " 2A-HUB catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatoric component of the repression machinery required for specific gene regulation programs. Thus, 2A-HUB mediates a selective repression of a specific set of chemokine genes in macrophages, critically modulating migratory responses to TLR activation. H2A monoubiquitination acts to prevent FACT recruitment at the transcriptional promoter region, blocking RNA polymerase II release at the early stage of elongation." SIGNOR-271757 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT VTN protein P04004 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr76 TMPEDEYtVYDDGEE 10090 9733784 t llicata " Therefore, we expressed Vn in a baculovirus system and show (i) that the CKII phosphorylation of wt-Vn enhances the adhesion of bovine aorta endothelial cells; (ii) that the double mutant T50E/T57E (in which the neutral Thr residues are replaced by the negatively charged Glu residues considered analogs of Thr-P) has a significantly enhanced capacity to promote cell adhesion and to accelerate cell spreading when compared with either wild-type Vn or to the neutral T50A/T57A mutant" SIGNOR-250971 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Phe708 YENPTYKfFEQMQN -1 8943232 t lperfetto "The precise cathepsin D cleavage sites within these recombinant betaAPP substrates were identified using this technique. Both recombinant substrates were cleaved at the following sites: Leu49-Val50, Asp68-Ala69, Phe93-Phe94. | two additional cleavage sites near the amino terminus of betaA4, Glu-3-Val-2 and Glu3-Phe4, were observed, indicating that cathepsin D cleavage of betaAPP is influenced by the structural integrity of the substrate. Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261776 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TELO2 protein Q9Y4R8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser487 AQLAGSDsDLDSDDE 9606 20864032 t lperfetto "Here we report that tel2 and tti1 are targeted for degradation within mtorc1 by the scffbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mtor signalling to growth factor availability. This process is primed by ck2, which translocates to the cytoplasm to mediate mtorc1-specific phosphorylation of tel2/tti1. ere, we show that tel2 is constitutively phosphorylated on conserved serines 487 and 491 by casein kinase 2 (ck2)" SIGNOR-168036 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser235 SPQDSPPsKASPAQD 9606 21215781 t lperfetto "Cdk5 regulates app (amyloid precursor protein) processing and tau hyperphosphorylationtau phosphorylation at t231, s235 and s262 also contributes to the dissociation of tau from microtubules" SIGNOR-171018 2-chloro-5-(2-phenyl-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenol chemical CHEBI:93773 ChEBI ARAF protein P10398 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 12970777 t gcesareni "At drug concentrations around the reported ic(50) for the raf inhibitor l-779,450, it suppressed dna synthesis and induced apoptosis in hematopoietic fdc-p1 cells transformed to grow in response to either raf-1 or a-raf (fd/deltaraf-1:er and fd/deltaa-raf:er)" SIGNOR-100355 PALB2 protein Q86YC2 UNIPROT POLH protein Q9Y253 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 24485656 t miannu "Palb2 and brca2 interact with pol_ and are required to sustain the recruitment of pol_ at blocked replication forks. Palb2 and brca2 stimulate pol_-dependent dna synthesis on d loop substrates" SIGNOR-204541 PLAAT3 protein P53816 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 17374643 f miannu "The alpha-isoform of the regulatory subunit a of protein phosphatase 2a (pr65alpha) as a new interaction partner of hrsl3 / we demonstrate that hrsl3 binds to the endogenous pr65alpha, thereby partially sequestering the catalytic subunit pr36 from the pr65 protein complex, and inhibiting pp2a catalytic activity." SIGNOR-153772 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 24157836 t miannu "FBXL5 is located in the nucleus where it interacts with Snail1 promoting its polyubiquitination and affecting Snail1 protein stability and function by impairing DNA binding. Snail1 is ubiquitinated by the SCFFBXL5 complex. Snail1 downregulation by FBXL5 is prevented by Lats2, a protein kinase that phosphorylates Snail1 precluding its nuclear export but not its polyubiquitination. To demonstrate that FBXL5 has a direct activity on Snail1, we carried out polyubiquitination reactions in vitro. For this we purified Snail1 and the SCFFBXL5 complex from Sf9 insect cells infected with different baculoviruses corresponding to Flag-FBXL5, His-Skp1, HA-Cullin1 and Rbx1 (Supplementary Figure S3C)." SIGNOR-272136 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-250568 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT APBB1 protein O00213 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser347 TFPAQSLsPEPLPQE 9606 14697653 t lperfetto "Thus, fe65 has at least two apparently disparate functions and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms by which fe65 trafficking and metabolism are regulated to fulfil these different roles are unclear. Our findings reported here, which demonstrate that fe65 is a phosphoprotein that is targeted by erk1/2 and which identify four in vivo phosphorylation sites, provide one possible mechanism whereby functional diversity might be achieved." SIGNOR-120459 BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 22431919 f miannu "In MCF-7 cells, we identified a positive feedback loop where p130(Cas) positively regulates EGR1 and NAB2, which in turn induce p130(Cas) expression." SIGNOR-253892 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser486 RPLSRAQsSPAAPAS 9606 18339811 t "Phosphorylation of conserved serine residues triggers association with 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic relocalization of class IIa HDACs, which leads to the derepression of their target genes. |Here we identify PP2A as a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating the 14-3-3 binding sites in class IIa HDACs.|we demonstrate that PP2A constitutively dephosphorylates the class IIa member HDAC7 to control its biological functions as a regulator of T cell apoptosis and endothelial cell functions." SIGNOR-248649 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser87 AAAGPALsPVPPVVH 9606 19336399 t gcesareni "The protein's reduced antiapoptotic capacity was related to phosphorylation of its threonine 56 and serine 87 residues by virally activated p38mapk" SIGNOR-184936 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR TNNT3 protein P45378 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136942 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser440 SPLLMILsQLLPQQR -1 10608806 t llicata "Putative ATM in vitro targets include p95/nibrin, Mre11, Brca1, Rad17, PTS, WRN, and ATM (S440) itself." SIGNOR-250576 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr394 RLIEDNEyTAREGAK 9606 11259588 t "Importantly, and in disagreement with the model that CD45 only activates Lck in vivo, the kinase activity of Lck from cells lacking CD45 was substantially increased. These results support a model in which CD45 dephosphorylates both Tyr505 and Tyr394, the net effect in normal thymocytes being a decrease in enzymatic activity" SIGNOR-248351 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 15546868 f lperfetto "Mirk activated mef2 not through direct phosphorylation of mef2 but by phosphorylation of its inhibitors, the class ii histone deacetylases (hdacs). Mef2 is sequestered by class ii hdacs such as hdac5 and mef2-interacting transcriptional repressor (mitr). Mirk antagonized the inhibition of mef2c by mitr, whereas kinase-inactive mirk was ineffective. Mirk phosphorylates class ii hdacs at a conserved site within the nuclear localization region, reducing their nuclear accumulation in a dose-dependent and kinase-dependent manner" SIGNOR-235816 RASGRF2 protein O14827 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260575 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10523830 f irozzo "Our results suggest that Spi-1 and GATA-1 might play a key role in the regulation of Fli-1. Most notably, we observed that the GATA/EBS dual element near the Fli-1 CAP sites had an enhancer activity in HEL cells. Spi-1 and GATA-1 were both found to bind to this sequence and hence both factors could represent potential regulators of Fli-1 expression." SIGNOR-256054 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000763 8402878 f gcesareni "Here we show that tgf beta 1 induces suppression of cdk4 synthesis in g1 in mink lung epithelial cells." SIGNOR-39045 GABRB1 protein P18505 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263754 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser312 TESITATsPASMVGG 10116 BTO:0004428 12510059 t lperfetto "Modulation of insulin-stimulated degradation of human insulin receptor substrate-1 by Serine 312 phosphorylationOne of the specific Ser phosphorylation sites in IRS-1 that has been proposed to negatively modulate the insulin signal is Ser312 (numbered according to the human sequence). Prior studies have demonstrated that IRS-1 associates with and is phosphorylated by JNK in vitro on Ser312" SIGNOR-236591 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser315 ITATSPAsMVGGKPG 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 14579029 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-118861 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT UBE2J1 protein Q9Y385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 28321712 t miannu "We also found that ubiquitin-ligase (E3), c-IAP1 preferentially interacts with phosphorylated Ube2j1. Moreover, we noticed that phosphorylated Ube2j1 is rapidly degraded by the proteasome during ER stress cell recovery. Taken together, these data suggest that Ube2j1 and its phosphorylation is important for transient ER stress cell recovery and the phosphorylated Ube2j1 is degraded by the proteasome." SIGNOR-263092 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN1A protein P35498 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253497 IL23A protein Q9NPF7 UNIPROT IL12RB1 protein P42701 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12671732 t gcesareni "Based on these analyses, we propose an integrated model of il-12rbeta1 structure and function. This significantly enhances our molecular understanding of the human il-12 and il-23 systems." SIGNOR-99716 SMAD9 protein O15198 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20957627 t gcesareni "Whereas alk5 signalling is mediated by phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 proteins, alk1 signalling is mediated by smad1, smad5, and smad8. Activated smads form a complex with the common smad (co-smad; smad4 in mammals) and shuttle into the nucleus." SIGNOR-168740 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT EGR2 protein P11161 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11494141 f miannu "Defects in PTEN, a tumor suppressor, have been found in cancers arising in a variety of human tissues. To elucidate the tumor-suppressive function of this gene, we have been analysing expression profiles of cancer cells after introduction of exogenous PTEN. Those experiments identified 99 candidate genes that were transcriptionally transactivated. Among them, we report here the further analyses of eight genes, EGR2/Krox-20, BPOZ, APS, HCLS1/HS1, DUSP1/MKP1, NDRG1/Drg1/RTP, NFIL3/E4BP4, and a novel gene (PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase)." SIGNOR-260049 HOXB8 protein P17481 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002196 15886193 t Luana "Results from these experiments demonstrated that in 10T1/2 cells Hoxa10-1 increased the activity of the telokin promoter 3-fold without affecting the activity of the other promoters analyzed (Fig. 2A). Similar results were also observed in A10 SMC (data not shown). In contrast, Hoxb8 significantly repressed the activity of the telokin, smooth muscle α-actin, and SM22α promoters by 70, 50, and 70%, respectively" SIGNOR-261640 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DDR2 protein Q16832 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr740 RNLYSGDyYRIQGRA 9606 16186108 t gcesareni "Here, using baculoviral co-expression of the ddr2 cytosolic domain and src, we show that src targets three tyrosine residues (tyr-736, tyr-740, and tyr-741) in the activation loop of ddr2 for phosphorylation. This phosphorylation by src stimulates ddr2 cis-autophosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues." SIGNOR-140763 POLA1 protein P09884 UNIPROT "DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex" complex SIGNOR-C262 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24043831 t lperfetto "At the replication fork, primase is present in a constitutive complex with DNA polymerase α (Pol α), which extends the RNA primer with deoxynucleotides and makes the resulting RNA–DNA primer available to the leading- and lagging-strand polymerases, Pols ε and δ, for processive elongation " SIGNOR-261343 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 TQSQGSSsQSQGISS 9606 BTO:0000007 10973490 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of chk2 are ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (atm) dependent in response to ir" SIGNOR-81399 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT Neurodegeneration phenotype SIGNOR-PH139 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000078 32795415 f Gianni "In the absence of COP1, c/EBPβ accumulates rapidly and drives a potent pro-inflammatory and neurodegeneration-related gene program, evidenced by increased neurotoxicity in microglia-neuronal co-cultures." SIGNOR-261926 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 10358076 f lperfetto "Insulin disrupts irs-dependent transactivation by fkhr, and phosphorylation of ser-256 by pkb is necessary and sufficient to mediate this effect." SIGNOR-252952 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser177 ASSGSSAsFISDTFS 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248514 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT MCM7 protein P33993 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 9852095 t miannu "The characterization of this interaction in turn led to the discovery that Mcm7 is a substrate for both E6-AP-dependent and -independent ubiquitination and is specifically targeted for degradation by the 26 S proteasome." SIGNOR-272543 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr570 INGNNYVyIDPTQLP 9606 12824176 t lperfetto "Upon binding its ligand, stem cell factor (scf), c-kit forms an active dimer that autophosphorylates itself and activates a signaling cascade that induces cell growth./ Tyr-568 and tyr-570 are significantly phosphorylated" SIGNOR-102637 "Shelterin complex" complex SIGNOR-C306 SIGNOR Telomere_maintenance phenotype SIGNOR-PH148 SIGNOR up-regulates 33015044 f lperfetto "The shelterin complex has six proteins, containing TRF1, TRF2, POT1, RAP1, TIN2, and TPP1. The shelterin complex is localized to the chromosome end and protects telomeric DNA (Palm and de Lange, 2008). The TTM complex acts as a “linker” and bridges the LINC and shelterin complexes together. The connection between TTM and shelterin complexes is well-known, which is mediated by TERB1 and TRF1" SIGNOR-263309 MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258991 SNTB2 protein Q13425 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255993 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser801 VPLLREAsARDRQSA 9534 14523239 t lperfetto "We found that mutation of S800 to alanine significantly reduced the PMA-induced enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents and the direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Mutation of S502 to alanine reduced PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents, but had no effect on direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Conversely, mutation of T704 to alanine had no effect on PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents but dramatically reduced direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA." SIGNOR-249232 Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR WIPI2 protein Q9Y4P8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 30898011 t miannu "Here we show that WIPI2/ATG18B (WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2), an autophagy-related (ATG) protein that plays a critical role in autophagosome biogenesis, is a direct substrate of CUL4-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL4s)" SIGNOR-272302 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" demethylation 9606 30246379 t miannu "KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‚Äê and di‚Äê methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing." SIGNOR-265335 HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257012 HAP1 protein P54257 UNIPROT NEUROD1 protein Q13562 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12881483 t lperfetto "We identified two proteins that interact with ND, huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) and mixed-lineage kinase 2 (MLK2). Stimulation of NeuroD activity by huntingtin and huntingtin-associated proteins HAP1 and MLK2" SIGNOR-234602 ADX-47273 chemical CID:11383075 PUBCHEM GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189338 Fibrinogen complex SIGNOR-C311 SIGNOR Fibrin complex SIGNOR-C317 SIGNOR "form complex" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000131 18544683 t lperfetto "A fibrin clot is the final product of the blood clotting cascade. Thrombin catalyzes release of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen to create fibrin monomers, which then aggregate to protofibrils. Proteolytic release of fibrinopeptide B by thrombin permits lateral protofibril aggregation, resulting in a three-dimensional fibrin gel.|Fibrin clots were formed as described for turbidity experiments, in which the fibrinogen, calcium, and polyP (when included) were preincubated for 15 minutes before adding thrombin." SIGNOR-263551 cisapride chemical CHEBI:3720 ChEBI KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9395068 t miannu "A mechanism for the proarrhythmic effects of cisapride (Propulsid): high affinity blockade of the human cardiac potassium channel HERG. cisapride displays specific, high affinity block of the human cardiac K+ channel HERG. It is likely that this interaction underlies the proarrhythmic effects of the drug observed under certain clinical settings." SIGNOR-258672 IFNAR1 protein P17181 UNIPROT IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11278538 t miannu "The human type I interferons, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, IFNAR, composed of subunits IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2. Human IFNAR-2 binds all type I IFNs but with lower affinity and different specificity than the IFNAR complex. Human IFNAR-1 has low intrinsic binding of human IFNs but strongly affects the affinity and differential ligand specificity of the IFNAR complex." SIGNOR-260332 N-[5-[(2R)-2-methoxy-1-oxo-2-phenylethyl]-4,6-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl]-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)benzamide chemical CHEBI:94490 ChEBI AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191280 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT KMT5A protein Q9NQR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser100 SKIYSYMsPNKCSGM 9606 20966048 t miannu "We found that PR-Set7 is phosphorylated at Ser 29 (S29) specifically by the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1)/cyclinB complex, primarily from prophase through early anaphase, subsequent to global accumulation of H4K20me1. While S29 phosphorylation did not affect PR-Set7 methyltransferase activity, this event resulted in the removal of PR-Set7 from mitotic chromosomes. S29 phosphorylation also functions to stabilize PR-Set7 by directly inhibiting its interaction with the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), an E3 ubiquitin ligase." SIGNOR-259832 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY4 protein Q8NFM4 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-204091 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19214430 t gcesareni "Taken together, our results indicate that gsk-3alfa is a negative regulator of notch1/nicd." SIGNOR-183969 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 14583609 t gcesareni "Endogenous notch-1 associates with p56(lck) and pi3k. p56(lck) is required for the notch-1-mediated activation of akt/pkb function" SIGNOR-118902 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr310 VPPLPKVtPTKELQQ 9606 BTO:0000142 16733250 t lperfetto "Here we report that amphiphysin i (amph i) is also a mnb/dyrk1a substrate. This kinase phosphorylated native amph i in rodent brains and recombinant human amph i expressed in escherichia coli. Serine 293 (ser-293) was identified as the major site, whereas serine 295 and threonine 310 were found as minor kinase sitesamph i phosphorylated by mnb/dyrk1a decreased endophilin binding in vitro. From these results we conclude that amph i at ser-293 is phosphorylated by mnb/dyrk1a and that the phosphorylation has physiological significance in controlling the interaction of amphiphysin with endocytic accessory proteins." SIGNOR-146910 RPS19 protein P39019 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262432 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-199165 EFNA2 protein O43921 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10072375 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a ligands (named ephrin-a1_ephrin-a5) are anchored in the plasma membrane through a gpi-linkage, and each can bind any of the epha subclass of receptors (epha1_epha8)" SIGNOR-65413 MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 FLISPPAsPPVGWKQ 9606 BTO:0000782 12809556 t gcesareni "Essential role of mekk3 signaling in angiotensin ii-induced calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated t-cells activation" SIGNOR-102294 "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257730 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT FBXL21P protein Q9UKT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr33 FYSSLNQtHTHTVLL 9606 BTO:0000007 32937135 t lperfetto "GSK-3beta phosphorylates FBXL21 and TCAP to activate FBXL21-mediated, phosphodegron-dependent TCAP degradation.|These results show direct GSK-3beta phosphorylation of TCAP S157 and FBXL21 T33 sites." SIGNOR-264851 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT RNF146 protein Q9NTX7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 21478859 f lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263338 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser307 TRRSRTEsITATSPA 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 14579029 t gcesareni "Insulin also activates jnk, erk, pkc and mtor, which induce the phosphorylation of irs1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632 and inhibit its functions. Our results indicate that the insulin-stimulated degradation of irs-1 via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is in part dependent upon the ser(312) phosphorylation of irs-1." SIGNOR-118857 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys161 ALRPLVIkQEPREED -1 12511558 t miannu "C/EBPalpha interacts directly with the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and can be SUMOylated in vitro using purified recombinant components. Our results indicate that SUMO modification of SC motifs provides a means to rapidly control higher order interactions among transcription factors and suggests that SUMOylation may be a general mechanism to limit transcriptional synergy." SIGNOR-256334 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser642 PRLGSTFsLDTSMSM 9606 BTO:0000782 11024037 t lperfetto "However, under normal conditions, PKC activation resulting from CD43 engagement was required to activate the MAPK pathway, suggesting that phosphorylation of Cbl on serine residues by PKC and its association with 14-3-3 molecules may play a role in preventing the Cbl inhibitory effect on the Ras-MAPK pathway. " SIGNOR-249057 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27418133 f "The SMAD2/3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were crucial for TGF-?-induced SNAIL overexpression in THP-1 cells. These findings suggest that TGF-? skews macrophage polarization towards a M2-like phenotype via SNAIL up-regulation, and blockade of TGF-?/SNAIL signaling restores the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines" SIGNOR-253587 COLGALT1 protein Q8NBJ5 UNIPROT ADIPOQ protein Q15848 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation 9606 BTO:0000007 28428430 t "We conclude that GLT25D1 regulates HMW adiponectin secretion and lipid accumulation, consistent with changes in mice after high-fat feeding. These results suggest a novel function of GLT25D1 leading to decreased HMW adiponectin secretion in early obesity." SIGNOR-261149 DLL1 protein O00548 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16140393 t lperfetto "Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate choice during development with Delta and Jagged constituting the two evolutionary conserved families of Notch ligands. These ligands are transmembrane proteins with conserved biochemical structure that share their receptors and signal through a common mechanism. Upon ligand binding Notch receptors are proteoliticaly cleaved, the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) is released and translocated to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. In mammals, four receptors and five ligands have been described. Delta-1, Delta-3 and Delta-4 are homologues to Drosophila Delta and Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 to Drosophila Serrate." SIGNOR-209732 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr207 FLTEYVAtRWYRAPE 9606 BTO:0000562 19060905 t lperfetto "Here we show that autophosphorylation of erk1/2 on thr188 directs erk1/2 to phosphorylate nuclear targets known to cause cardiac hypertrophy." SIGNOR-182628 DAAM1 protein Q9Y4D1 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 23151663 f gcesareni "In pcp, dvl binds to proteins such as pkc, atypical pkc (apkc), dvl?associated Activator of morphogenesis 1 (daam1), dvl-associating protein with a high frequency of leu residues (daple) and partitioning defective 6 (par6), which are important for the regulation of small gtpases such as rho and rac and, consequently, the cytoskeleton and cell polarity58." SIGNOR-199381 HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256836 Volasertib chemical CID:10461508 PUBCHEM PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190290 Diprenorphine chemical CHEBI:4650 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258791 AGTR1 protein P30556 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257223 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Ala92 PAFISEDaSGYLTSS -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263576 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser439 AGSPFQSsPLSLGSR 9606 16880739 t lperfetto "Cdk1/cyclin b-mediated phosphorylation stabilizes srebp1 during mitosis." SIGNOR-216821 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser206 SSSTYPHsPTSSDPG 9606 9335504 t llicata "In contrast to the bmp-stimulated phosphorylation of smad1, which affects carboxy-terminal serines and induces nuclear accumulation of smad1, erk-mediated phosphorylation specifically inhibits the nuclear accumulation of smad1. phosphorylation occurs at specific serines within the region linking the inhibitory and effector domains of smad1" SIGNOR-52687 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257026 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 TKRRKSMsGASPKES 9606 23708659 t lperfetto "Rsk promotes g2/m transition through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b rsk is likely to be more active in mitotic cells than in interphase cells, as evidenced by the phosphorylation status of t359/s363 in rsk. Together, these findings indicate that rsk promotes g2/m transition in mammalian cells through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b." SIGNOR-202117 SKI protein P12755 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10575014 t lperfetto "Smad2/3 interacts with c-ski through its c-terminal mh2 domain in a tgf-beta-dependent mannerc-ski is incorporated in the smad dna binding complex, interferes with the interaction of smad3 with a transcriptional co-activator, p300, and in turn recruits hdac. c-ski is thus a transcriptional co-repressor that links smads to hdac in tgf-beta signaling." SIGNOR-232123 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT CLK3 protein P49761 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321 16281084 f "After AR antagonist flutamide treatment, three hundred and twenty-six genes (3.93%) expressed differentially, 97 down-regulated and 219 up-regulated. Among them, eight up-regulated genes might be cell cycle-related, namely CDC10, NRAS, BTG1, Wee1, CLK3, DKFZP564A122, CDKN1A and BTG2. The CDKN1A and BTG1 gene mRNA expression was confirmed to be higher in the experimental group by RT-PCR, while p53 mRNA expression had no significant changes." SIGNOR-253672 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266510 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT GJA1 protein P17302 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser282 TAPLSPMsPPGYKLV 9606 BTO:0000567 9535909 t lperfetto "These studies confirm that connexin-43 is a MAP kinase substrate in vivo and that phosphorylation on Ser255, Ser279, and/or Ser282 initiates the down-regulation of gap junctional communication. Studies with connexin-43 mutants suggest that MAP kinase phosphorylation at one or more of the tandem Ser279/Ser282 sites is sufficient to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication." SIGNOR-249403 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT ANKRD11 protein Q6UB99 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 18840648 t miannu "Ankyrin repeat domain 11, ANKRD11 (also known as ANR11 or ANCO1), was found to be a novel p53-interacting protein that enhanced the transcriptional activity of p53. In addition, ANKRD11 itself was found to be a novel p53 target gene. These findings demonstrate a role for ANKRD11 as a p53 coactivator and suggest the involvement of ANKRD11 in a regulatory feedback loop with p53." SIGNOR-266735 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 PQSNIPEtPPPGYLS 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Similarly, tgf-?-Induced and cdk8/9-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 at threonine 179 (t179) is important for binding of the nedd4l e3 ubiquitin ligase, which accelerates smad3 turnover;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161561 PCCA protein P05165 UNIPROT PCC complex SIGNOR-C414 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15890657 t miannu "Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of propionyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA. PCC consists of two heterologous subunits, alpha PCC and beta PCC, which are encoded by the nuclear PCCA and PCCB genes, respectively." SIGNOR-267182 KANSL1 protein Q7Z3B3 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267164 MCRS1 protein Q96EZ8 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267161 MRPL55 protein Q7Z7F7 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262335 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT ITGB6 protein P18564 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257662 DLGAP2 protein Q9P1A6 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 9115257 t miannu "SAPAPs are specifically expressed in neuronal cells and enriched in the PSD fraction. SAPAPs induce the enrichment of PSD-95/SAP90 to the plasma membrane in transfected cells. Thus, SAPAPs may have a potential activity to maintain the structure of PSD by concentrating its components to the membrane area." SIGNOR-264210 KAT8 protein Q9H7Z6 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267160 SIK1 protein P57059 UNIPROT CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser70 RSSHYGGsLPNVNQI 9606 BTO:0000567 16306228 t lperfetto "We found that QSK and SIK phosphorylated TORC2 at Ser171 as well as at least two additional residues, namely Ser70 and Ser348|QIK also phosphorylates the CREB co-activator TORC2, in unstimulated cells, to sequester it in the cell cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting CREB-dependent gene-expression" SIGNOR-249169 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1927 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269375 LAMA5 protein O15230 UNIPROT Laminin-10 complex SIGNOR-C182 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 11821406 t lperfetto "The laminin (LN) family of large heterotrimeric extracellular matrix glycoproteins has multiple functions: LNs take part in the regulation of processes such as cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation, in addition to contributing to the structure of basement membranes. LN-10, composed of alpha5, beta1, and gamma1 chains, is widely distributed in most basement membranes of both epithelia and endothelia." SIGNOR-255317 NAALAD2 protein Q9Y3Q0 UNIPROT N-acetyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16953 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10085079 t miannu "The neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartate-L-glutamate (NAAG)1 is expressed both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Hydrolysis of the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) by N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) to release glutamate may be important in a number of neurodegenerative disorders in which excitotoxic mechanisms are implicated." SIGNOR-267543 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT FOXM1 protein Q08050 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr611 ETLPISStPSKSVLP 9606 SIGNOR-C17 19737929 t lperfetto "A conserved phosphorylation site within the forkhead domain of foxm1b is required for its activation by cyclin-cdk1further analysis reveals that the leu-641 residue within an lxl motif is required for the recruitment of the cyclin-cdk complex, and the thr-596 residue is a critical cdk1 phosphorylation site within the activation domain of foxm1b. Cdk-dependent phosphorylation stimulates the foxm1b transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-187880 PCNT protein O95613 UNIPROT CDK5RAP2 protein Q96SN8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 18042621 t Giulio "Our observation that Cep215 may function downstream of pericentrin suggests that the two proteins affect centrosome cohesion through a common mechanism. |Finally, depletion of pericentrin caused an almost complete loss of Cep215 from centrosomes, a detectable reduction in centrosomal levels of Cep68 and rootletin, but no significant effect on C-Nap1 (Fig. 6C and Table 1). Taken together, these results point to functional (and perhaps molecular) interactions between (1) Cep68 and rootletin and (2) Cep215 and pericentrin." SIGNOR-260309 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr514 TFCGTPDyIAPEILQ 9534 BTO:0000298 11381116 t "The tyrosine phosphorylation sites of PKC delta in the H(2)O(2)-treated cells were identified as Tyr-311, Tyr-332, and Tyr-512 by mass spectrometric analysis with the use of the precursor-scan method and by immunoblot analysis with the use of phosphorylation site-specific antibodies. Tyr-311 was the predominant modification site among them. In an in vitro study, phosphorylation at this site by Lck, a non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase, enhanced the basal enzymatic activity and elevated its maximal velocity in the presence of diacylglycerol. phosphorylation at Tyr-311 between the regulatory and catalytic domains is a critical step for generation of the active PKC delta in response to H(2)O(2)." SIGNOR-251386 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT TBXAS1 protein P24557 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 14565864 f miannu "We also showed that forced expression of p300 upregulated TXAS gene in a dose-dependent manner. Mutation of NF-E2 site, but not TATA or initiator site, abolished the p300-mediated activation of TXAS gene." SIGNOR-253906 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257169 CRY2 protein Q49AN0 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements. PER and CRY proteins form heterodimers and suppress the activity of the BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) completing the feedback loop." SIGNOR-267976 CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT "nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:76072 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR." SIGNOR-264245 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 17078951 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Here, we found that prephosphorylation by pka promotes gsk-3beta-catalyzed tau phosphorylation at thr181, ser199, ser202, thr205, thr217, thr231, ser396 and ser422" SIGNOR-150360 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SCNN1G protein P51170 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr622 LGTQVPGtPPPKYNT -1 11805112 t lperfetto "Using a number of different approaches it was demonstrated that the protein kinase acting on betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 is the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). It is suggested that an ERK-mediated phosphorylation of betaThr-613 and gammaThr-623 down-regulates the channel by facilitating its interaction with Nedd4." SIGNOR-249449 TBL1XR1 protein Q9BZK7 UNIPROT BCL3 protein P20749 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 20547759 t miannu "We also defined the e3 ligase tblr1 as a protein involved in bcl-3 degradation" SIGNOR-166111 TCAP protein O15273 UNIPROT TTN protein Q8WZ42 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001103 32937135 t lperfetto "TCAP, a core sarcomeric component capping the titin proteins, was identified as a positive hit (Figure 1A). TCAP is a small (19 kDa), highly abundant cytoplasmic protein expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle and the heart (Valle et al., 1997). TCAP interacts with titin through its N-terminal beta sheet to anchor titin to the Z-disc" SIGNOR-264854 CFHR1 protein Q03591 UNIPROT CFH protein P08603 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 27814381 t lperfetto "Finally, we have been able to establish that CFHR1 can sterically inhibit the interaction that CFH/CFHL-1 SCR1-4 makes with C3b.|CFH regulates the alternative pathway of complement in both the fluid phase and on self-surfaces: It competes with complement factor B (CFB) for binding to C3b and C3(H2O) thereby blocking the formation of the pro-convertase complexes, C3bB and C3(H2O)B. It also accelerates the decay of any existing C3bBb or C3(H2O)Bb. |these data have allowed us to consolidate one possible model of CFHR1-mediated deregulation of CFH/CFHL-1 on an activating surface in which CFHR1 directly competes with or blocks both CFH-binding sites on C3b" SIGNOR-263476 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC11 protein P06899 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265381 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser303 RVKEEPPsPPQSPRV 9606 8940068 t gcesareni "Sequential phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3 represses transcriptional activation by heat shock factor-1." SIGNOR-44995 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 BTO:0000007 17035229 t "SCP1 Dephosphorylates Smad2/3 in the Linkers|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248793 NAA10 protein P41227 UNIPROT NatA complex SIGNOR-C415 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15496142 t miannu "Protein acetyltransferases and deacetylases have been implicated in oncogenesis, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Most of the protein acetyltransferases described acetylate epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues within proteins. We now describe the human homologue of Nat1p, NATH (NAT human), as the partner of the hARD1 (human ARD1) protein. Included in the characterization of the NATH and hARD1 proteins is the following: (i) endogenous NATH and hARD1 proteins are expressed in human epithelial, glioma and promyelocytic cell lines; (ii) NATH and hARD1 form a stable complex, as investigated by reciprocal immunoprecipitations followed by MS analysis; (iii) NATH-hARD1 complex expresses N-terminal acetylation activity; (iv) NATH and hARD1 interact with ribosomal subunits, indicating a co-translational acetyltransferase function" SIGNOR-267224 N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide chemical CHEBI:91617 ChEBI AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190323 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000938 9346240 f lperfetto "Growth factors can promote cell survival by activating the phosphatidylinositide-3'-OH kinase and its downstream target, the serine-threonine kinase Akt" SIGNOR-236428 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT TGFA protein P01135 UNIPROT up-regulates cleavage 9606 17251915 t lperfetto "Ep2 can also promote the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) expressed in colon cancer cells through src, which activates the proteolytic release of the egfr ligands amphiregulin (ar) and transforming growth factor-alfa (tgfalfa)125, thereby stimulating the egfr- network." SIGNOR-235888 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 26431586 f lperfetto "It is known that the teta isoform of the PKC family promotes the fusion of myoblasts and regulates the expression of caveolin-3 and beta1D integrin [15]. Of note, it has also been demonstrated that PKCepsilon expression increases during insulin-induced myogenic differentiation of the C2C12 cells." SIGNOR-241525 FBXO2 protein Q9UK22 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 20854419 t miannu "SCFFbx2-E3-ligase-mediated degradation of BACE1 attenuates Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis and improves synaptic function. We report that the SCF(Fbx2) -E3 ligase is involved in the binding and ubiquitination of BACE1 via its Trp 280 residue of F-box-associated domain. we found that overexpression of Fbx2 in the primary cortical and hippocampal neurons derived from Tg2576 transgenic mice significantly promoted BACE1 degradation and reduced β-amyloid production." SIGNOR-271902 GALR1 protein P47211 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256966 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20080667 t miannu "DAB2IP activates GSK-3β and antagonizes Wnt-mediated EMT. GSK-3β appears to directly associate with DAB2IP. Because DAB2IP is not a phosphatase, the mechanism of GSK-3β activation by DAB2IP is likely mediated by a separate phosphatase associated within this complex. PP2A is critical for DAB2IP-mediated GSK-3β activation and MET responses." SIGNOR-254752 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT KATNA1 protein O75449 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr133 HGNRPSTtVRVHRSS 9606 BTO:0000007 19287380 t miannu "DYRK2 mediated phosphorylation is required for Katanin p60 degradation. Serine 42, serine 109 and threonine 133 are likely to be the major DYRK2 phosphorylation sites as single mutations for these sites showed reduced phosphorylation by DYRK2 and the triple mutant showed almost no DYRK2 mediated phosphorylation (Fig. 5d)." SIGNOR-262849 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000150 12167717 f lperfetto "PKB induction requires phosphorylation of two critical residues, threonine 308 in the activation loop and serine 473 near the carboxyl terminus. Membrane localization of PKB was found to be a primary determinant of serine 473 phosphorylation. PI3K activity was equally important for promoting phosphorylation of serine 473," SIGNOR-236353 EIF3B protein P55884 UNIPROT EIF3_complex complex SIGNOR-C401 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 16920360 t miannu "Consistent with its diverse functions, eIF3 is the largest and most complex initiation factor: the mammalian version, for example, contains 13 nonidentical subunits that are designated eIF3a to eIF3m 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Table 1)." SIGNOR-266399 HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257163 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT AVEN protein Q9NQS1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser308 NILPDQTsQDLKSKE -1 18571408 t miannu "Aven is also a substrate of the ATM kinase. Mutation of ATM-mediated phosphorylation sites on Aven reduced its ability to activate ATM, suggesting that Aven activation of ATM after DNA damage is enhanced by ATM-mediated Aven phosphorylation. We found that mutating S135 and S308 sites to Alanine largely dampened Aven’s phosphorylation by ATM (though some phosphorylation remained, due to either a contaminating kinase or an unidentified ATM phosphorylation site)." SIGNOR-262637 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001279 28515487 f "inferred from family member" "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events inhFUS+/+;Smn+/‚àímice. As shown in Fig.6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected inhFUS+/+mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-270231 NGF protein P01138 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0001676 16190874 f miannu "We examined intracellular signals required for NGF-induced expression of the GCH gene in PC12D cells. The activity of GCH was increased up to 5-fold after the NGF treatment. The human GCH promoter activity was significantly enhanced by NGF treatment." SIGNOR-252228 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT SMAD5 protein Q99717 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 21454478 t gcesareni "In addition, some proteins (e.g. Chip, carboxyl terminus of hsc70-interacting protein) inhibit the signaling activities of smad1/5 by recruiting smad1/5 from the functional r/co-smad complex and further promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of smad1/5 in a chaperone-independent manner" SIGNOR-172996 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28448495 t miannu "SPOP acts as an adaptor protein of the CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that generally recruits substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we revealed that SPOP recognizes a Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich motif in the C-terminal region of INF2 and triggers atypical polyubiquitination of INF2. These ubiquitination modifications do not lead to INF2 instability, but rather reduces INF2 localization in ER and mitochondrially associated DRP1 puncta formation, therefore abrogates its ability to facilitate mitochondrial fission. It revealed that INF2 was ubiquitinated at least at 7 lysine residues (Fig 2I). Interestingly, 5 of 7 ubiquitin attachment sites are localized in a short stretch of sequence (amino acids 612–682) within the FH2 domain of INF2 (Fig 2J)." SIGNOR-272799 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 16169518 t gcesareni "Recently, it has been known that er activates phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pi3k) through binding with the p85 regulatory subunit of pi3k." SIGNOR-252675 PAK6 protein Q9NQU5 UNIPROT PACSIN1 protein Q9BY11 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser346 SQAGDRGsVSSYDRG -1 22371566 t miannu "We identified two novel Pak5 substrates, Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1, proteins that directly interact with one another to regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling. Pacsin1 and Synaptojanin1 were phosphorylated by Pak5 and the other group II Paks in vitro, and Pak5 phosphorylation promoted Pacsin1-Synaptojanin1 binding both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-263021 ORC5 protein O43913 UNIPROT ORC complex SIGNOR-C419 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32808929 t lperfetto "The dynamic nature of the human origin recognition complex revealed through five cryoEM structures|Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. |The very first step of this initiation process is accomplished by DNA association with the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a six-subunit protein that forms a partial ring around origin DNA" SIGNOR-267563 VDR protein P11473 UNIPROT CYP3A4 protein P08684 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12147248 f miannu "Expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)(1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) in Caco-2 cells. However, since a typical vitamin D responsive element has not been found in the 5(')-flanking region of the CYP3A4 gene, the mechanism of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced CYP3A4 mRNA expression is poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a critical factor for the induction using the antisense oligonucleotide technique." SIGNOR-255600 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000680 16039586 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Erk, which is activated by hbx, associates with gsk-3beta through a docking motif ((291)fkfp) of gsk-3beta and phosphorylates gsk-3beta at the (43)thr residue, which primes gsk-3beta for its subsequent phosphorylation at ser9 by p90rsk, resulting in inactivation of gsk-3beta and upregulation of beta-catenin." SIGNOR-270059 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30283340 f miannu "MYCT1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and downregulated the expression of cyclins D and E. Moreover, MYCT1 overexpression triggered apoptosis in AML cells, which was accompanied by enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9, upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and downregulated Bcl-2." SIGNOR-261734 GABRB2 protein P47870 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263744 "decanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:30813 ChEBI GPR84 protein Q9NQS5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257508 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser146 GRKRRQTsMTDFYHS 9606 BTO:0000007 21262772 t no lperfetto "More importantly, with the direct regulation of p21 stability by phosphorylation on Ser 146, we define here the first downstream signaling mechanisms by which NDR kinases can control G1/S progression.|NDR kinases regulate p21 stability by phosphorylation of S146 on p21. |" SIGNOR-272961 NF1 protein P21359 UNIPROT ADCY8 protein P40145 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24431436 f miannu "Nf1encodes neurofibromin, a protein with multiple functions including ras inactivation (ras gtpase-activating protein or rasgap) and adenylyl cyclase (ac) activation" SIGNOR-204289 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1081 TGALTEDsIDDTFLP 9606 BTO:0000007 10347170 t llicata " We show that serines 1046/1047 are sites for CaM kinase II phosphorylation, although there is a preference for serine 1047, which resides within the consensus -R-X-X-S-. In addition, we have identified major phosphorylation sites at serine 1142 and serine 1057, which lie within a novel -S-X-D- consensus. Mutation of serines 1046/1047 in full-length EGFR enhanced both fibroblast transformation and tyrosine autokinase activity that was significantly potentiated by additional mutation of serines 1057 and 1142. A single CaM kinase II site was also identified at serine 744 within sub-kinase domain III, and autokinase activity was significantly affected by mutation of this serine to an aspartic acid making this site appear constitutively phosphorylated. We have addressed the mechanism by which CaM kinase II phosphorylation of the EGFR might regulate receptor autokinase activity and show that this modification can hinder association of the cytoplasmic tail with the kinase domain to prevent an enzyme-substrate interaction. " SIGNOR-250622 OPRL1 protein P41146 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257209 ORC4 protein O43929 UNIPROT ORC complex SIGNOR-C419 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32808929 t lperfetto "The dynamic nature of the human origin recognition complex revealed through five cryoEM structures|Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. |The very first step of this initiation process is accomplished by DNA association with the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a six-subunit protein that forms a partial ring around origin DNA" SIGNOR-267564 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HCLS1 protein P14317 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr23 TQGDDWDtDPDFVND 9606 10806407 t llicata "The in vivo Ser/Thr phosphorylation of HS1 is enhanced by okadaic acid and reduced by specific inhibitors of casein kinase (CK)2. In vitro, HS1 is an excellent substrate for either CK2 alpha subunit alone (Km = 47 nM) or CK2 holoenzyme | It is likely therefore that Thr16 and/or Thr23 account for the phosphate incorporated into HS1 threonyl residue(s) upon incubation with CK2." SIGNOR-250886 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 15048722 f "We demonstrate that NF-kappa B binds to the IL-4 promoter in vivo upon T cell activation. Inhibition of NF-kappa B nuclear translocation in living cells blocked binding of NF-kappa B to the IL-4 promoter. The data provide first evidence that NF-kappa B is directly involved in IL-4 transcription" SIGNOR-254497 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7535778 t miannu "Tyrosine phosphorylation has been shown to increase the enzymatic activity of plc-? / we show that the human pdgf ?- And ?-Receptors differ quantitatively in their abilities to associate with and phosphorylate plc-? And to stimulate inositol phosphate production." SIGNOR-28179 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr643 TSDEKVDyVQVDKEK 9606 BTO:0000130 18644434 t lperfetto "In vitro, activated jak2 directly phosphorylated specific gab2 tyrosine residues. Mutagenesis studies revealed that gab2 tyrosine 643 (y643) was a major target of jak2 in vitro, and a key residue for jak2-dependent phosphorylation in intact cells. Mutation of gab2 y643 inhibited g-csf-stimulated erk1/2 activation and shp2 binding to gab2." SIGNOR-179488 L-aspartate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29991 ChEBI SAICAR(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58443 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The next two reactions (steps 6 and 7) involve carb oxylation of AIR to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonu cleotide (CAIR) and ligation of the carboxy group of CAIR with an amide group derived from Asp in an ATP dependent reaction forming 4-(N-succinylcarboxamide)- 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR). These reac tions are catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS)." SIGNOR-267320 NGFR protein P08138 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 14699954 f amattioni "Neurotrophin binding to p75ntrhas also been shown to induce apoptosis" SIGNOR-120558 D-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:30659 ChEBI THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0003736 6777394 t "inferred from family member" miannu "The high levels of circulating D-T4 and presumably of circulating D-T3 originating from the peripheral conversion of D-T4 achieved after the chronic administration of D-T4 (Choloxin) may be responsible for a high degree of saturation of the human pituitary nuclear T3 receptors, thus resulting in the suppression of the TRH-induced TSH response." SIGNOR-267802 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT ABRAXAS1 protein Q6UWZ7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser404 MKGFGEYsRSPTF 9606 BTO:0000007 26778126 t "In this study, we demonstrate that ionizing radiation (IR)-induces ATM-dependent phosphorylation of serine 404 (S404) next to the pSPxF motif. Crystal structures of BRCT/Abraxas show that phosphorylation of S404 is important for extensive interactions through the N-terminal sequence outside the pSPxF motif and leads to formation of a stable dimer." SIGNOR-255587 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr249 APGPQDIyDVPPVRG 9606 12972425 t lperfetto "We tested synthetic peptides modeled on cas phosphorylation sites, and found that the sequence containing tyrosine 253 was phosphorylated by src most efficiently. Using cells derived from cas-deficient mice, we confirmed that cas greatly enhanced the ability of src to transform cells." SIGNOR-100363 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser328 VLPSISLsPGPQPPK 9606 SIGNOR-C83 23028682 t llicata "The forced activation of cyclin a-cdk2 in these cells by the overexpression of cyclin a,triggered rad9 phosphorylation at serine 328 and thereby promoted the interaction of rad9 with bcl-xl and the subsequent initiation of the apoptotic program." SIGNOR-199020 DRD5 protein P21918 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257418 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT FCER1A protein P12319 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000732 11971001 f "Transcriptional regulation of the gene-encoding human Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain was analyzed in detail. EMSA revealed that either YY1 or PU.1 bound to the region close to that recognized by Elf-1. The alpha-chain promoter activity was up-regulated approximately 2-fold by exogenously expressed YY1 or PU.1 and approximately 7-fold by GATA-1, respectively, in KU812 cells" SIGNOR-254290 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12707358 t lperfetto "These results indicate that c-src can associate with ikkbeta and phosphorylate its tyrosine residues after tnf-alfa or tpa stimulation." SIGNOR-217442 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SUZ12/EZH2 complex SIGNOR-C77 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "P38 can phosphorylate the histone-lysine n-methyltransferase ezh2, the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (prc2), with phosphorylation of ezh2 necessary for prc2s association with the transcriptional repressor yy1 and subsequent chromatin remodelling." SIGNOR-217676 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11368516 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "Shp (short heterodimer partner) is an orphan nuclear receptor lacking a dna binding domain that interacts with nuclear receptors (nr) including thyroid receptor (tr), retinoic acid receptors (rar and rxr), and estrogen receptors alpha and beta (eralpha and erbeta). Shp acts as a negative regulator of these receptors by inhibiting dna binding and transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-267806 O-phosphoethanolamine smallmolecule CHEBI:17553 ChEBI GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16303767 t gcesareni "Three human atg8 (hatg8) homologs, lc3, gabarap, and gate-16, have been characterized as modifiers in reactions mediated by hatg7 (an e1-like enzyme) and hatg3 (an e2-like enzyme)" SIGNOR-142011 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 20133715 t miannu "The type I lissencephaly gene product LIS1, a key regulator of cytoplasmic dynein, is critical for cell proliferation, survival, and neuronal migration. However, little is known about the regulation of LIS1. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized mammalian homolog of Aspergillus NudC, NudCL2 (NudC-like protein 2), as a regulator of LIS1. NudCL2 is localized to the centrosome in interphase, and spindle poles and kinetochores during mitosis, a pattern similar to the localization of LIS1 and cytoplasmic dynein. Depletion of NudCL2 destabilized LIS1 and led to phenotypes resembling those of either dynein or LIS1 deficiency. NudCL2 complexed with and enhanced the interaction between LIS1 and Hsp90. Either disruption of the LIS1-Hsp90 interaction with the C terminus of NudCL2 or inhibition of Hsp90 chaperone function by geldanamycin decreased LIS1 stability." SIGNOR-252168 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CDH20 protein Q9HBT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 22535893 t miannu "Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules that play critical roles in animal morphogenesis." SIGNOR-265837 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser344 QDDDAPLsPMLYSSS 9606 BTO:0000007 18204439 t lperfetto "Here, we show that erk downregulates forkhead box o 3a (foxo3a) by directly interacting with and phosphorylating foxo3a at ser 294, ser 344 and ser 425, which consequently promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesisMDM2 is required for ERk-mediated FOXO3a degradation." SIGNOR-252958 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT PIK3CB protein P42338 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85. it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner." SIGNOR-175189 PTGES protein O14684 UNIPROT "prostaglandin E2" smallmolecule CHEBI:15551 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21983014 t "The mPGES-1, one of three PGE2 synthases, is barely basally expressed, but is inducible by different stimuli and frequently co-expressed with COX-2. COX-2, mPGES-1 and PGE2 are enhanced during pain, inflammatory processes and in several cancer cells" SIGNOR-254263 EIF2B3 protein Q9NR50 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269126 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT WBP2 protein Q969T9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr192 MMDGAMGyVQPPPPP 9606 BTO:0000093 21642474 t miannu "Using dominant-negative, constitutively active mutants, RNAi, and pharmacological studies, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of WBP2 at Tyr192 and Tyr231 could be regulated by c-Src and c-Yes kinases.We further showed that abrogating WBP2 phosphorylation impaired >60% of ERα reporter activity, putatively by blocking nuclear entry of WBP2 and its interaction with ERα." SIGNOR-273567 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT CILK1 protein Q9UPZ9 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr157 IRSKPPYtDYVSTRW 9606 BTO:0002181 15988018 t lperfetto "In addition, mass spectrometry showed that pp2a treatment completely abolished the dually phosphorylated form, leaving only the singly phosphorylated form (data not shown). We conclude that a portion of ick in unstimulated and asynchronized hek293t cells is dually phosphorylated on the tdy motif." SIGNOR-138428 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr783 DTGENPIyKSAVTTV -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254706 CHMP3 protein Q9Y3E7 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265523 RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT SYCP3 protein Q8IZU3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 SIGNOR-C351 10525529 t miannu "The eukaryotic RecA homologues RAD51 and DMC1 function in homology recognition and formation of joint-molecule recombination intermediates during yeast meiosis. We also show that mouse RAD51 and DMC1 establish protein-protein interactions with each other and with the chromosome core component COR1(SCP3) in a two-hybrid system and in vitro binding analyses. These results suggest that the formation of a multiprotein recombination complex associated with the meiotic chromosome cores is essential for the development and fulfillment of the meiotic recombination process." SIGNOR-264205 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SYNGAP1 protein Q96PV0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser779 FMARGLNsSMDMARL -1 14970204 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of synGAP by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II increases its Ras GTPase-activating activity by 70-95%. The Major Phosphorylation Sites, Serines 764/765, 1058, and 1123, All Contribute to Regulation of GAP Activity of synGAP by CaMKII" SIGNOR-262689 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HABP4 protein Q5JVS0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr354 RKPANDItSQLEINF 9606 BTO:0004974 14699138 t lperfetto "We found a strong phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 by PKCalphabeta, PKCdelta, PKClambda/zeta, and especially by PKCsigma, however not by PKCmi. These data show that Ki-1/57 can serve in principal as a substrate for a wide variety of different PKC isoforms but also that its phosphorylation is strongest with PKCsigma. | This suggests that the two threonine residues present in this fragment (Thr354 and Thr375) might be the main target residues for phosphorylation by PKC in vitro. | Ki-1/57 Exits the Nucleus upon PMA Activation" SIGNOR-249246 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser394 EDAVHEDsGDEDGED 9606 12082111 t gcesareni "Protein kinase ck2-mediated phosphorylation of hdac2 regulates co-repressor formation, deacetylase activity and acetylation of hdac2 by cigarette smoke and aldehydesstudies using unfractionated cell extracts with ck2 inhibitors suggest that protein kinase ck2 is the major source of hdac2 kinase. Finally, and perhaps most interesting, hdac2 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity, selectively regulates complex formation, but has no effect on transcriptional repression. Together, our data indicate that like many hdacs, hdac2 is regulated by post-translational modification, particularly phosphorylation." SIGNOR-89937 SMARCC1 protein Q92922 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270709 RABGGTB protein P53611 UNIPROT RAB3A protein P20336 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" lipidation 9606 BTO:0000007 18532927 t miannu "Prenylation (or geranylgeranylation) of Rab GTPases is catalysed by RGGT (Rab geranylgeranyl transferase) and requires REP (Rab escort protein). In the classical pathway, REP associates first with unprenylated Rab, which is then prenylated by RGGT. In the alternative pathway, REP associates first with RGGT; this complex then binds and prenylates Rab proteins. Rab GTPases need to be geranylgeranylated on either one or two cysteine residues in their Ctermini in order to localize to the correct intracellular membrane and be functional" SIGNOR-265575 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 25420914 t Luana "As the first step to reveal how MeCP2 phosphorylation may regulate Notch signaling, we conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment to determine whether the phosphor-mutant MeCP2 protein has altered promoter occupancy at the promoters of Dll1 and Notch1. We found increased binding of the phosphor-mutant protein at the promoters of both Dll1 and Notch1 " SIGNOR-264675 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr23 ESPPVSDtPDEGDEP 9606 BTO:0001271 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway / these results suggest that ck2 kinase directly phosphorylates amino acids 13, 23, 63, 101 and 294 in vivo" SIGNOR-174836 POLR2I protein P36954 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266166 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257639 UBL4A protein P11441 UNIPROT SGTA protein O43765 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24424410 t miannu "USP13 and gp78 control ubiquitination of Ubl4A.These data suggest that USP13 and gp78 play antagonizing roles in regulation of Ubl4A ubiquitination: While gp78 assembles ubiquitin chains on Ubl4A, USP13 antagonizes this activity to limit Ubl4A ubiquitination.Ubiquitination of Ubl4A preferentially occurs on Lys48. We identify the Bag6 cofactor Ubl4A as a shared substrate of gp78 and USP13. USP13 depletion is associated with hyper-ubiquitination of Ubl4A and altered interaction between the Bag6 complex and its co-chaperone SGTA. Because the interaction of Ubl4A with SGTA is mediated by positively-charged residues in Ubl4A including Lys48 (Chartron et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2012), which happens to be the major ubiquitination site, the simplest model to explain reduced Bag6-SGTA interaction in USP13 knockdown cells is that ubiquitin conjugates on Ubl4A sterically hinder SGTA binding." SIGNOR-272858 KEAP1 protein Q14145 UNIPROT PGAM5 protein Q96HS1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0001538 17046835 t miannu "Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of PGAM5 results in proteasome-dependent degradation of PGAM5. Keap1 is a Bric-a-Brac (BTB) 2 -Kelch protein that functions as a substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-272645 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000759 2158622 t "inferred from family member" miannu "We determined the affinity for T3 and analog binding characteristics of the translational products of c-erbA a- and /3-probes together with hepatic nuclear extracts." SIGNOR-267808 ENO3 protein P13929 UNIPROT 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266530 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18172616 f miannu "This study indicates that hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha) bound to the proximal promoter motif not only enhances the basal reporter activity of UGT1A1, including the distal (-3570/-3180) and proximal (-165/-1) regions, but also influences the transcriptional regulation of UGT1A1 by CAR, PXR, GR, and AhR to markedly enhance reporter activities." SIGNOR-254439 ARHGEF15 protein O94989 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260541 GEM protein P55040 UNIPROT CACNB2 protein Q08289 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14701738 t miannu "Two functions for Gem have been demonstrated, including inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel activity and inhibition of Rho kinase-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization, such as stress fiber formation and neurite retraction. These functions for Gem have been ascribed to its interaction with the calcium channel Β subunit and Rho kinase Β, respectively." SIGNOR-261710 ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT PER3 protein P56645 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253630 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser275 LSAFRRTsLAGGGRR 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-163752 UNG protein P13051 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27875297 f lperfetto "Uracil N-glycosylase 2 (UNG2), the nuclear isoform of UNG, catalyzes the removal of uracil or 5-fluorouracil lesions that accumulate in DNA following treatment with the anticancer agents 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (floxuridine), a 5-fluorouracil metabolite. By repairing these DNA lesions before they can cause cell death, UNG2 promotes cancer cell survival and is therefore critically involved in tumor resistance to these agents. " SIGNOR-264889 PRPF4B protein Q13523 UNIPROT KLF13 protein Q9Y2Y9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17513757 t flangone "Using yeast two-hybrid screening of a human thymus cdna library, prp4, a serine/threonine protein kinase, was identified as a klf13-binding protein...coexpression of prp4 and klf13 increases nuclear localization of klf13 and ccl5 transcription." SIGNOR-154951 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser899 RSKKRKGsDDAPYSP 9606 BTO:0000007 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. We found that phosphorylated PHF2 then associates with ARID5B, a DNA-binding protein, and induce demethylation of methylated ARID5B. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2-ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark. Replacement of all of four serine residues by alanines (4SA: Ser 757/Ser 899/Ser 954/Ser 1056) fully abrogated PKA phosphorylation of PHF2 (Fig. 2h)." SIGNOR-264511 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser20 HVAGGPPsPEVGSPL 9606 11110801 t llicata "In vitro phosphorylation of pr with cdk2 has revealed five additional in vitro cdk2 phosphorylation sites: ser(25), ser(213), thr(430), ser(554), and ser(676)." SIGNOR-84980 NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24239470 t miannu "The NCOA2 gene encodes a transcriptional coactivator (SRC-2) that modulates gene expression by hormone receptors, including AR. NCOA2 is both amplified and rarely mutated in prostate cancers, with higher NCOA2 levels resulting in increased androgen signaling readout. Furthermore, as mentioned previously, SRC-3, a close homolog encoded by NCOA3, is a substrate of SPOP whose protein levels are increased by SPOP mutation, potentially linking these common point mutations to the androgen axis" SIGNOR-251530 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT UBE2A protein P49459 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser120 LDEPNPNsPANSQAA 9606 11953320 t llicata "Hhr6a is phosphorylated in vitro by cdk-1 and -2 on ser120, a residue conserved in all hhr6a homologues, resulting in a 4-fold increase in its ubiquitin-conjugating activity." SIGNOR-116508 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI PRKAR1B protein P31321 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258760 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT MCM6 protein Q14566 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21070963 t gcesareni "Together these data strongly support the conclusion that mec1 directly targets the s/tq sites in mcm4 and mcm6, although it is formally possible that mec1 and mrc1 activate a different s/tq-directed kinase to target mcm4 and mcm6." SIGNOR-169450 retinol smallmolecule CHEBI:50211 ChEBI retinal smallmolecule CHEBI:15035 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 21621639 t lperfetto "Currently, at least three RDH seem physiologically involved in converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinal: RDH1, RDH10 and DHRS9" SIGNOR-265118 GTF2H5 protein Q6ZYL4 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269310 NFATC3 protein Q12968 UNIPROT TFF1 protein P04155 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16219765 f miannu "Overexpression of NFAT3 enhanced both ERalpha and ERbeta transcriptional activities in a ligand-independent manner and up-regulated downstream estrogen-responsive genes including pS2 and cathepsin D. Reduction of endogenous NFAT3 with NFAT3 small interfering RNA or overexpression of NFAT3 deletion mutants that lack the ER-binding sites reduced the NFAT3 coactivation of ERalpha and ERbeta." SIGNOR-254639 S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 BTO:0004730 18809714 f miannu "We report here that up-regulation of S100A9 in myeloid precursors in cancer inhibits DC and macrophage differentiation and induces accumulation of MDSCs. This may represent a universal molecular mechanism of tumor-induced abnormalities in myeloid cells in cancer, directly linking inflammation and immune suppression." SIGNOR-261932 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PLD2 protein O14939 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr179 RLLTMSFyRNYHAMT 9606 9837959 t llicata "Using transiently transfected human embryonic kidney fibroblasts (HEK293), we demonstrate here that PLD1 activity, and to a lesser extent PLD2 activity, is stimulated in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). PLD2, but not PLD1, associates with the EGF receptor in a ligand-independent manner and becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated upon EGF receptor activation. Tyrosine 11 (Tyr-11) of PLD2 was identified as the specific phosphorylation site. Mutation of this residue to phenylalanine enhanced basal activity almost 2-fold" SIGNOR-251095 JAG1 protein P78504 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 7227 18660822 t "Binding Ca-dependent" lperfetto "We identify functional fragments of human notch-1 (n-1) and jagged-1 (j-1) which interact in a calcium-dependent manner." SIGNOR-219253 S1RA chemical CID:44247568 PUBCHEM SIGMAR1 protein Q99720 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000195 22784008 t "Simone Vumbaca" "The most selective compounds were further profiled, and compound 28, 4-{2-[5-methyl-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yloxy]ethyl}morpholine (S1RA, E-52862) emerged as the most interesting candidate. Compound 28 is a highly selective σ1R antagonist and has successfully completed phase I safety and pharmacokinetic evaluation in humans." SIGNOR-261122 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21078818 t gcesareni "Ligands such as wnt1, wnt3a, and wnt8 couple the seventransmembrane domain receptor frizzled (fzd) and the single-membrane-spanning low-density receptor-related protein 5/6 (lrp5/6) to activate wnt?Beta-catenin signaling.All the frizzled genes studied have a complex and partially overlapping pattern of expression in different regions of the embryo, and many of them (fz1, 3, 7, 8 and 9) have specific expression in the epithelial somites as well as in the newly formed myotomes." SIGNOR-169651 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT BCR-Mk complex SIGNOR-C433 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The CD79 molecules contain signaling molecules called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular portion. ITAMs are bound by the SRC kinases such as LYN, FYN and B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK). The crosslinking of BCR by specific antigens induces phosphorylation of ITAM tyrosines by these SRC kinases." SIGNOR-268207 GDF2 protein Q9UK05 UNIPROT ACVRL1 protein P37023 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17068149 t gcesareni "Finally, we demonstrate that bmp9 and bmp10 potently inhibit endothelial cell migration and growth, and stimulate endothelial expression of a panel of genes that was previously reported to be activated by the constitutively active form of alk1. Taken together, our results suggest that bmp9 and bmp10 are two specific alk1 ligands that may physiologically trigger the effects of alk1 on angiogenesis." SIGNOR-150260 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT CBLL1 protein Q75N03 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31952268 t miannu "By immunoprecipitation, we present evidence that Hakai interacts with Hsp90 chaperone complex in several epithelial cells and demonstrate that is a novel Hsp90 client protein. Interestingly, by overexpressing and knocking-down experiments with Hakai, we identified Annexin A2 as a Hakai-regulated protein. Interestingly, geldanamycin-induced Hakai degradation is accompanied by an increased expression of E-cadherin and Annexin A2. Hsp90 participates in the correct folding of its client proteins, allowing them to maintain their stability and activity." SIGNOR-271474 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257142 NFYA protein P23511 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12427542 t miannu "Our results further confirm the important transactivating role for NF-Y for the CBS-1b promoter, via its synergism with Sp1. While differential phosphorylation of Sp1 likely contributes to binding to multiple GC-/GT-boxes in the CBS-1b and promoter activation [16], NF-Y is clearly necessary for a maximal activation response." SIGNOR-254816 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Trp-tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29159 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269557 HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT AHSP protein Q9NZD4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 2545495 f Regulation miannu "EDRF is rapidly inactivated by hemoglobin and superoxide." SIGNOR-251750 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MCRIP1 protein C9JLW8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser21 KRTSSPRsPPSSSEI 9606 25728771 t lperfetto "When phosphorylated by ERK, MCRIP1 dissociates from CtBP, allowing CtBP to interact with ZEB1. In this manner, the CtBP co-repressor complex is recruited to, and silences, the E-cadherin promoter by inducing chromatin modifications.| While substitution of S4 or S18 with Ala did not affect the phosphorylation of MCRIP1 by ERK, substitution of either S21 or T30 significantly reduced MCRIP1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-264775 DLGAP1 protein O14490 UNIPROT SHANK1 protein Q9Y566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264586 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser321 KCQRLFRsPSMPCSV 9606 20801879 t gcesareni "Ser(321) is phosphorylated in mitosis by cdk1. The mitotic phosphorylation of ser(321) acts to maintain full activation of cdc25b by disrupting 14-3-3 binding to ser(323) and enhancing the dephosphorylation of ser(323) to block 14-3-3 binding to this site." SIGNOR-167641 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RGCC protein Q9H4X1-2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser47 MKRRSSAsVSDSSGF 9606 BTO:0000567 19162005 t miannu "Akt phosphorylated GST-RGC-32 in vitro, and CDC2 was also able to phosphorylate RGC-32.  Akt failed to phosphorylate RGC-32 S45A-S47A mutant. These data indicate that Ser 45 and Ser 47 may be the RGC-32 phosphorylation sites for Akt kinase." SIGNOR-262628 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser727 TDNLLPMsPEEFDEV 9606 BTO:0000007 12270932 t "SHP-2 is a dual-specificity phosphatase involved in Stat1 dephosphorylation at both tyrosine and serine residues in nuclei|In SHP-2-/- mouse fibroblast cells, Stat1 phosphorylation at both the tyrosine residue Tyr(701) and the serine residue Ser(727) |Overexpression of SHP-2 in 293T cells inhibited IFNgamma-dependent Stat1 phosphorylation and suppressed Stat1-dependent induction of luciferase activity." SIGNOR-248673 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT SLC4A1 protein P02730 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr904 EEEGRDEyDEVAMPV -1 10942405 t "Lyn phosphorylates Y904 and Y359 of band 3. The primary phosphorylation of band 3 catalyzed by p72syk generates the SH2 binding motifs that are a prerequisite for the following recruitment of Lyn. p72syk as the most likely candidate to perform this task and indicates Y8 and Y21. Syk and Lyn phosphorylate band 3 at both cytosolic and membrane domains, Y-phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is likely involved in the regulation of several erythrocyte functions (ie, glycolysis, cell shape, cytoskeleton movements, and anion transport." SIGNOR-251414 CDK13 protein Q14004 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1868 SPTSPKYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273037 SFN protein P31947 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 20940406 t lperfetto "Pkd1 phosphorylates ser(11) (s11) on transcription factor snail, a master emt regulator and repressor of e-cadherin expression, triggering nuclear export of snail via 14-3-3_ binding" SIGNOR-168540 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 19143636 t lperfetto "Activation of mTORC1 in two steps: Rheb-GTP activation of catalytic function and increased binding of substrates to raptor." SIGNOR-209859 CLK2 protein P49760 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser50 RNRYRDVsPFDHSRI 9606 10480872 t gcesareni "The clk family kinases, clk1 and clk2, phosphorylate and activate the tyrosine phosphatase, ptp-1b.|Phosphorylation of PTP-1B at Ser(50) by CLK1 or CLK2 is responsible for its enzymatic activation." SIGNOR-70603 CNTN6 protein Q9UQ52 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 15082708 t gcesareni "Here, we establish that nb-3, a member of the f3/contactin family, acts as a novel notch ligand to participate in oligodendrocyte generation. Nb-3 triggers nuclear translocation of the notch intracellular domain and promotes oligodendrogliogenesis from progenitor cells and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via deltex1." SIGNOR-124151 PKP2 protein Q99959 UNIPROT DSP protein P15924 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0003264 22781308 t Simone "In contrast to the proper membrane localization of PKP2 and DSP after cotransfection of both WT proteins, mutant PKP2 C796R protein was not able to interact with FLAG-DSP to enable assembly at the junctional plaque, indicating the requirement of functional PKP2 for DSP integration into the desmosome." SIGNOR-261254 NCL protein P19338 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 16508016 t Regulation miannu "Nucleolin binds human β-globin mRNA. A Nucleolin-Binding 3′ Untranslated Region Element Stabilizes β-Globin mRNA In Vivo" SIGNOR-251844 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser511 ENIIFGVsYDEYRYR 9606 21930781 t lperfetto "Serine 511 has been previously implicated in the regulation of cftr by ck2, as the mutant s511d was found to be insensitive to tbb in xenopus oocytes but to have no major impact on the single-channel behavior of cftr" SIGNOR-176623 TRIM13 protein O60858 UNIPROT CD3D protein P04234 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 17314412 t miannu "RFP2, a gene frequently lost in various malignancies, encodes a protein with RING finger, B-box, and coiled-coil domains that belongs to the RBCC/TRIM family of proteins.Rfp2 Regulates the Stability of the ERAD Substrate CD3-δ. In summary, these experiments demonstrate that Rfp2 functions as a RING-dependent ERAD E3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates the degradation of the ER substrate, CD3-δ." SIGNOR-271644 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 KVTSKCGsLGNIHHK 9606 BTO:0000590 7706316 t lperfetto "Microtubule-associated protein/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (p110mark). A novel protein kinase that regulates tau-microtubule interactions and dynamic instability by phosphorylation at the Alzheimer-specific site serine 262." SIGNOR-249342 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11016919 t lperfetto "The ability of smurf2 to promote smad2 destruction required the hect catalytic activity of smurf2 and depended on the proteasome-dependent pathway." SIGNOR-253263 furtrethonium chemical CHEBI:134764 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258645 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT HOXC8 protein P31273 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10722652 t gcesareni "Smad6 interacts with hox transcription factors as part of the negative feedback circuit in the bmp signaling pathway" SIGNOR-75823 WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002058 15705594 f miannu "In NSCLC cells, Wnt-7a and Fzd-9 induced both cadherin and Sprouty-4 expression and stimulated the JNK pathway, but not beta-catenin/T cell factor activity." SIGNOR-253034 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT WRAP53 protein Q9BUR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser64 PVAGSAVsQELREGD 9606 BTO:0001938 27715493 t done miannu "Here, we show that in response to various types of DNA damage, including IR and UV, WRAP53β is phosphorylated on serine residue 64 by ATM with a time-course that parallels its accumulation at DNA lesions. Interestingly, recruitment of phosphorylated WRAP53β (pWRAP53βS64) to sites of such DNA damage promotes its interaction with γH2AX at these locations. " SIGNOR-273511 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 10606744 t gcesareni "Protein kinase ck1 is a p53-threonine 18 kinase which requires prior phosphorylation of serine 15." SIGNOR-73266 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 9865691 t lperfetto "The closely related CBP and p300 proteins are also important coactivators for Smad activity. CBP and p300 act as coactivators of several transcription factors by bringing the sequence-specific activators within proximity of the general transcription machinery and by modifying the chromatin structure through histone acetylation.In response to TGF-b, Smad3 associates with CBP/p300 and TGF-b-induced C-terminal phosphorylation of Smad3 promotes this association. This association with CBP/p300 is likely to be essential for transcriptional activity of Smad3." SIGNOR-227553 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CYBA protein P13498 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr147 ERPQIGGtIKQPPSN -1 19948736 t Manara "Phosphorylation of p22phox on threonine 147 enhances NADPH oxidase activity by promoting p47phox binding. | Threonine 147 of p22phox Is Phosphorylated by PKC-α and PKC-δ in Vitro" SIGNOR-260892 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253485 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT "NLRC4 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C223 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256402 RAB7A protein P51149 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 16040606 t Sara "Rab7-Rac1 interaction may mediate late endosomal transport between microtubules and microfilaments" SIGNOR-261304 PLEKHG3 protein A1L390 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260585 SELP protein P16109 UNIPROT "GPIb-IX-V complex" complex SIGNOR-C270 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 t lperfetto "Besides VWF as a main ligand, GPIbα also binds multiple ligands such as thrombospondin, Factor XII, Factor XI, thrombin, High Molecular Weight kininogen, P-selectin and Mac-1." SIGNOR-261860 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT oxaloacetate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16452 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5√¢‚Ǩ¬≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-267517 malonyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15531 ChEBI "hexadecanoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15756 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15507492 t miannu "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-268090 heme smallmolecule CHEBI:30413 ChEBI HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 26557657 t miannu "Heme is a prosthetic group comprising ferrous iron (Fe2+) and protoporphyrin IX and is an essential cofactor in various biological processes such as oxygen transport (hemoglobin) and storage (myoglobin) and electron transfer (respiratory cytochromes) in addition to its role as a structural component of hemoproteins." SIGNOR-251909 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 consists of two subunits, HIF-1α and HIF-1β. While HIF-1β protein is constitutively expressed and present in excess, HIF-1α protein has a short half-life" SIGNOR-267447 FBXL3 protein Q9UKT7 UNIPROT CRY2 protein Q49AN0 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17463251 t miannu " We found that both Cry1 and Cry2 proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded via the SCF(Fbxl3) ubiquitin ligase complex. This regulation by SCF(Fbxl3) is a prerequisite for the efficient and timely reactivation of Clock-Bmal1 and the consequent expression of Per1 and Per2, two regulators of the circadian clock that display tumor suppressor activity. HEK293T cells were transfected with Cry2, Skp1, Cul1, and Roc1 in the absence or presence of either FLAG-tagged Fbxl3 or a FLAG-tagged Fbxl3(ΔF-box) mutant. Fbxl3, but not an inactive Fbxl3(ΔF-box) mutant (4), induced the ubiquitination of Cry2 (Fig. 2D), which supports the notion that the effect of Fbxl3 on Cry2 is direct." SIGNOR-271648 FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000551 16407838 f miannu "Fhit inhibited activity of akt, a key effector in the phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase (pi3k) pathway;loss of endogenous fhit expression caused increased akt activity in vitro and in vivo, and overexpression of constitutively active akt inhibited fhit-induced apoptosis" SIGNOR-143706 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT TAB3 protein Q8N5C8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17384642 t gcesareni "The formation of smad7-tab2 and smad7-tab3 complexes resulted in the suppression of tnf signaling." SIGNOR-153920 HAUS2 protein Q9NVX0 UNIPROT "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19369198 t lperfetto "Here, by using mass spectrometry, we identified the full human augmin complex of 8 subunits and show that it interacts with the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC)" SIGNOR-262323 XCL1 protein P47992 UNIPROT XCR1 protein P46094 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000763 10518929 t gcesareni "Scm-1 showed a high-affinity binding to xcr1 with a kd of 10 nm and induced vigorous chemotaxis and calcium mobilization in xcr1-transfected murine l1.2 cells." SIGNOR-71164 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 17868033 t Luana "Our findings suggest that hydroxamic acid-derived compounds such as TSA, NVP-LAQ824, panobinostat, ITF2357, vorinostat and belinostat act as potent pan-HDAC isoform inhibitors. A notable observation was the similarity between belinostat and vorinostat in the biochemical isoform assays; both compounds exhibit similar EC50 values in all but the HDAC8 assay." SIGNOR-257743 ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24817116 t lperfetto "We identified a new adaptor beta-arrestin 2 that associates with phosphorylated TIGIT and mediates recruitment of inositol phosphatase SHIP1 through the ITT-like motif (Fig. 7). Finally, SHIP1 impairs TRAF6 autoubiquitination to abolish NF-kappaB activation, leading to inhibition of IFN- gamma production in NK cells." SIGNOR-261428 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 18026121 t lperfetto "Targeting of ash2l to specific genes is mediated by the transcriptional regulator mef2d. Furthermore, this interaction is modulated during differentiation through activation of the p38 mapk signaling pathway via phosphorylation of mef2d." SIGNOR-159331 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 14657655 f gcesareni "Phospho-gsk3b-specific antibodies also revolved that lkb1 regulates gsk3b phosphorylation at a known inhibitory site, serine-9. This localized phosphorylation is cdc42 and pkc-zeta-dependent." SIGNOR-119892 ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT DENND3 protein A2RUS2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser490 ELAPRNSsLRLTDTA 9606 25925668 t lperfetto "ULK-mediated phosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DENND3 at serines 554 and 572 upregulates its GEF activity toward the small GTPase Rab12." SIGNOR-264731 MAD2L2 protein Q9UI95 UNIPROT FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11459826 t miannu "The APC is activated in mitosis and G1 by CDC20 and CDH1, and inhibited by the checkpoint protein MAD2, a specific inhibitor of CDC20. We show here that a MAD2 homolog MAD2B also inhibits APC. MAD2B directly inhibits activation of APC by CDC20 and CDH1" SIGNOR-264902 histidine smallmolecule CHEBI:27570 ChEBI His-tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29155 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10430027 t miannu "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. This amino acid has uniquely moderate basic properties and is an important group in many catalytic functions of enzymes." SIGNOR-270492 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT AICDA protein Q9GZX7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser38 YVVKRRDsATSFSLD 9606 BTO:0000776 18417471 t llicata "We have found using sf9 insect cells to overexpress human gst-aid that a small fraction of the enzyme is phosphorylated at ser38 and thr27 and at two residues not reported previously, ser41 and ser43" SIGNOR-178244 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-263869 MDH1 protein P40925 UNIPROT (S)-malate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15589 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-266283 DNAJC19 protein Q96DA6 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267694 CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000093 15672448 t gcesareni "We found that cdc25a physically interacted with and de-phosphorylated phospho-erk both in vitro and in cell culture." SIGNOR-133392 LPCAT2 protein Q7L5N7 UNIPROT 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine chemical CHEBI:57643 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21498505 t miannu "Plasma-derived fatty acids are esterified to acyl-CoA by acyl-CoA synthetases and transferred to lysophospholipids by acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. We report the characterization of three lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferases (LPCATs), products of the AYTL1, -2, and -3 genes. " SIGNOR-272764 SNX5 protein Q9Y5X3 UNIPROT DOCK1 protein Q14185 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18596235 t miannu "SNX5 Is a Novel Binding Partner of the DHR1 Domain of DOCK180. In summary, we found that DOCK180 regulates transport of CI-MPR via SNX5 binding." SIGNOR-269441 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser726 IDPASPQsPESVDLV 9606 18701649 t gcesareni "Such results suggest that during apoptosis, oxidative stress could activate p38 mapk, phosphorylating nhe1 at s726 and s729." SIGNOR-180044 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259048 AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT TACC1 protein O75410 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser228 ELVPSRRsKLRKPKP -1 21531210 t miannu "Aurora-C interacts with and phosphorylates the transforming acidic coiled-coil 1 protein. The results demonstrated that TACC1 is phosphorylated by Aurora-C on a serine at position 228. although the patho-physiological meaning of TACC1 phosphorylation by Aurora-C in normal and in malignant somatic cells remains to be fully investigated, our observations suggest that Aurora-C has a role in the later stage of mitosis, when an interaction with TACC1 may be relevant for the correct progression of the cell cycle." SIGNOR-262663 NDUFA8 protein P51970 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND1-module builds around the Q-module with the help of TIMMDC1/C3ORF1 [47,48], which remains bound to the Q/ND1 subassembly until the last maturation steps. MT-ND1 joins first and then NDUFA3, NDUFA8 and NDUFA13 are added" SIGNOR-262159 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR KMT2D protein O14686 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271136 VARS1 protein P26640 UNIPROT tRNA(Val) smallmolecule CHEBI:29183 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30755602 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) function to transfer amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which are required for protein translation. VARS encodes the only known valine cytoplasmic-localized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase." SIGNOR-270525 INTS6 protein Q9UL03 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261463 IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 23357618 f miannu "Interleukin-10 down-regulates voltage gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Consistent with the electrophysiological results, real-time PCR and western blot revealed that IL-10 (200 pg/ml) down-regulated VGSCs in both mRNA and protein levels and reversed the up-regulation of VGSCs by TNF-α." SIGNOR-253504 MAPK8IP3 protein Q9UPT6 UNIPROT MAP2K7 protein O14733 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10629060 t gcesareni "These data demonstrate that jip3 interacts with proteins that can form a mapk signaling module, including jnk, mkk7, and mlk3" SIGNOR-73906 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271129 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr446 GTEPEPVySMEAADY 9606 12601080 t lperfetto "Cortactin, which is an actin-binding protein that also plays a role in actin cytoskeleton dynamics (45), was phosphorylated on tyr-446 in our assay (by fgfr1).Phosphorylation of these residues attenuates the f-actin cross-linking activity" SIGNOR-98618 TLRs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF20 SIGNOR TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t gcesareni "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-252095 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 15632081 t gcesareni "Whereas insulin-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt signaling was prolonged in both tcptp-/- and ptp1b-/- immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts (mefs), mitogen-activated protein kinase erk1/2 signaling was elevated only in ptp1b- mefs" SIGNOR-132959 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_progress phenotype SIGNOR-PH42 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 21524151 f lperfetto "Consistent with this, the magnitude of the response (i.e. the fraction of cells undergoing arrest) appears to diminish the closer the cells are to the time of S-phase entry. The existence of a time gap between full pRb phosphorylation and S-phase entry is also consistent with the notion that E2F, once released from pRb, transcriptionally activates factors needed for S-phase entry, a process which likely requires a significant amount of time." SIGNOR-267284 ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT GABARAP protein O95166 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0003102 30504823 t miannu "Importantly, the 480 kDa ankyrin-G isoform has also been shown to stabilize GABAergic synapses on the soma and AIS of excitatory pyramidal neurons by interacting with the GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) to inhibit GABAA receptor endocytosis" SIGNOR-266709 MRTFB protein Q9ULH7 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 21673106 t gcesareni "Similarly, the myocd-related transcription factor (mrtf) family of proteins, mrtf-a and mrtf-b, are also involved in the transcriptional regulation of contractile gene markers as coactivators of srf." SIGNOR-174316 PTH1R protein Q03431 UNIPROT SLC34A1 protein Q06495 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 28363951 f lperfetto "PTH inhibits reabsorption of phosphate from the glomerular filtrate in RPT by decreasing the abundance of sodium-phosphate co-transporters NPT2a and NPT2c on the apical membrane, thus enhancing renal phosphate excretion" SIGNOR-270556 PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT CDON/BOC/PTCH1 complex SIGNOR-C95 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 21664576 t lperfetto "Secreted Hedgehog (HH) ligands signal through the canonical receptor Patched (PTCH1). However, recent studies implicate three additional HH-binding, cell-surface proteins, GAS1, CDO, and BOC, as putative coreceptors for HH ligands." SIGNOR-209602 TNFSF11 protein O14788 UNIPROT Osteoclast_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH76 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17572386 f miannu "Osteoclasts are fully differentiated, multi-nucleated cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage linage. RANKL, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, and its receptor RANK are essential regulators of osteoclast maturation and activation" SIGNOR-253044 POU3F4 protein P49335 UNIPROT POU3F3 protein P20264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9105675 t miannu "POU proteins (Brain-1, Brain-2, Brain-4 and SCIP) serve as transcriptional transactivators. if they were to form homomeric and heteromeric complexes with each other, depending on the particular combination, they might have different DNA-binding specificities and, thus, activate different genes." SIGNOR-220127 RPS28 protein P62857 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262423 KCTD10 protein Q9H3F6 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 19782033 t miannu "BACURDs form ubiquitin ligase complexes, which selectively ubiquitinate RhoA, with Cul3. Our studies reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoA degradation and regulating RhoA function in various biological contexts, which involves a Cul3/BACURD ubiquitin ligase complex." SIGNOR-264237 IL6R protein P08887 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23663276 t milica "In classical il-6 signaling, the cytokine first binds to the membrane-bound il-6 receptor (il-6r;cd126) that is induced to associate with a homodimer of gp130 which then transmits the intracellular signal." SIGNOR-202033 ID1 protein P41134 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004058 SIGNOR-C127 9242638 t 2 miannu "All three Ids bound with high affinity to E proteins .Each Id was able to disrupt the ability of E protein-MyoD complexes to transactivate from a muscle creatine kinase reporter construct in vivo." SIGNOR-241107 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 17339337 t Manara "Evaluation of these calcium calmodulin kinase superfamily members as candidate Ser(20) kinases in vivo has shown that only CHK1 or DAPK-1 can stimulate p53 transactivation and induce Ser(20) phosphorylation of p53.| Thus, endogenous CHK1 is required for the majority of Ser20 site phosphorylation of ectopically expressed p53 in H1299 cells." SIGNOR-260776 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT FHOD1 protein Q9Y613 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1141 NRKSLRRtLKSGLGD 9606 18239683 t lperfetto "Rock phosphorylates the c-terminal residues ser1131, ser1137, and thr1141 of formin homology domain protein 1 (fhod1). Phosphorylation of fhod1 at the three residues fully disrupts the autoinhibitory interaction, which culminates in formation of stress fibres." SIGNOR-160552 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT MED13L protein Q71F56 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C135 23322298 t miannu "The SCF-Fbw7 ubiquitin ligase degrades MED13 and MED13L and regulates CDK8 module association with Mediator. We show that Fbw7, a tumor suppressor and ubiquitin ligase, binds to CDK8-Mediator and targets MED13/13L for degradation. MED13/13L physically link the CDK8 module to Mediator, and Fbw7 loss increases CDK8 module-Mediator association." SIGNOR-266688 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser28 PHGSVTQsQGSSSQS 9606 BTO:0000007 10973490 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation and activation of chk2 are ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (atm) dependent in response to irser28 was also found to be phosphorylated in an atm-dependent manner" SIGNOR-81395 EIF2B4 protein Q9UI10 UNIPROT EIF2S3 protein P41091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269137 MTA2 protein O94776 UNIPROT "MBD3/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C338 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263853 "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268604 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PROM1 protein O43490 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr828 RMDSEDVyDDVETIP 9606 19296573 t llicata "Cd133 (prominin-1) is phosphorylated on cytoplasmic tyrosine-828 and tyrosine-852 by src" SIGNOR-184772 NLGN1 protein Q8N2Q7 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein Q9P2S2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264154 CUL3 protein Q13618 UNIPROT TBCB protein Q99426 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000142 18680552 t miannu "Gigaxonin is the substrate-specific adaptor for a new Cul3-E3-ubiquitin ligase family that promotes the proteasome dependent degradation of its partners MAP1B, MAP8 and tubulin cofactor B." SIGNOR-268945 KLF13 protein Q9Y2Y9 UNIPROT SIN3A protein Q96ST3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 11438660 t miannu "detailed biochemical and functional analyses have demonstrated that the TIEG2 _-HRM domain interacts specifically with the PAH2 domain of mSin3A to repress transcription. our data suggest the presence of a conserved _-helical repression motif (_-HRM) in the TIEG and BTEB subfamilies of Sp1-like proteins that mediates transcriptional repression activity through interaction with the corepressor mSin3A." SIGNOR-222437 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation 9606 16442073 t "inferred from 70% family members" "Filamin is a phosphoprotein that organizes actin filaments into networks. We report that a purified C-terminal recombinant region of filamin is a suitable substrate for calcineurin |Mutagenesis analysis showed that a dephosphorylation step occurred in Ser 2152, which was previously shown to provide resistance to calpain cleavage when endogenous PKA is activated. In contrast, phosphorylation of Ser 2152 was recently reported to be necessary for membrane dynamic changes. In this regard, we found that CsA protects filamin in platelets from calpain degradation." SIGNOR-269986 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001253 9811851 t lperfetto "Biochemical analysis of ptch and ptch2 shows that they both bind to all hedgehog family members with similar affinity and that they can form a complex with smo.Current models suggest that binding of Shh to PTCH prevents the normal inhibition of the seven-transmembrane-protein Smoothened (SMO) by PTCH." SIGNOR-61552 L-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:18332 ChEBI iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 8755651 t scontino "Type II iodothyronine deiodinase (DII), which catalyzes deiodination of thyroxine (T4) exclusively on the outer ring (5‚Äô-position) to yield T3" SIGNOR-266950 ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT SCN10A protein Q9Y5Y9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 22169964 f miannu "17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. . In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. In the present study, by means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253470 HIPK2 protein Q9H2X6 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser10 NVRVSNGsPSLERMD 9606 21715331 t lperfetto "Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 stabilizes p27(kip1) by its phosphorylation at serine 10 and contributes to cell motility" SIGNOR-174617 "Vps34 Complex I" complex SIGNOR-C242 SIGNOR Autophagosome_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH36 SIGNOR up-regulates 30397185 f lperfetto "PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. |Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively." SIGNOR-260323 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257455 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 19800882 t gcesareni "To investigate the possible mechanism of the down-regulation of hes-1 by runx3, we performed western blot and reporter assay and found that runx3 suppressed intracellular domain of notch1 (icn1)-mediated transactivation of notch signaling while it did not alter the expression of icn1 and recombination signal binding protein-j kappa (rbp-j) in smmc7721 cells." SIGNOR-188338 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253443 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR THRB protein P10828 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 12809513 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "We concluded that serine 142 of the tr dbd is the likely site of phosphorylation by t(4)-activated mapk and that the docking site on tr for activated mapk includes residues 128-133 (kgffrr), a basic amino acid-enriched motif novel for mapk substrates. Tr mutations in the proposed mapk docking domain and at residue 142 modulated t(4)-conditioned shedding of co-repressor and recruitment of co-activator proteins by the receptor, and they altered transcriptional activity of tr in a thyroid hormone response element-luciferase reporter assay." SIGNOR-270016 belinostat chemical CHEBI:61076 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257957 BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257149 WWP2 protein O00308 UNIPROT SLC11A2 protein P49281 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 10029 BTO:0000246 18776082 t lperfetto "Regulation of the divalent metal ion transporter DMT1 and iron homeostasis by a ubiquitin-dependent mechanism involving Ndfips and WWP2|This promotes DMT1 ubiquitination and degradation by WWP2." SIGNOR-268852 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr59 THIGPRTtRAQGISA 9606 12609995 t gcesareni "Antibodies generated against phosphorylated threonine 58 were used to demonstrate phosphorylation in response to pma treatment of the cells with kinetics similar to vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. A phospho-mimetic mutation at this site (t58e) generated a partially activated pkg that was more sensitive to cgmp levels. A phospho- mutation (t58a) revealed that this residue is important but not sufficient for pkg activation by pkc." SIGNOR-98803 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR Protein_degradation phenotype SIGNOR-PH96 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 25787076 f miannu "The UPS by itself degrades actomyosin and myofibrillar proteins slowly, but when caspase-3 is activated, it cleaves actomyosin and the myofibrillar proteins to provide substrates for degradation in the UPS . Caspase-3 also can cleave specific subunits of the 19 S proteasome particle, which stimulates the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome[...] These results indicate that caspase-3 participates in the muscle proteolysis that is present in tumor-bearing mice." SIGNOR-256476 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001950 21561061 t Luana "3b Augments c-Fos Levels by Activating the ERK Pathway. | Higher c-Fos levels were observed in 3b-expressing cells than in GFP-expressing control cells" SIGNOR-260762 NDUFB11 protein Q9NX14 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and |The main ND4-module intermediate binds NDUFB1, NDUFB4, NDUFB5, NDUFB6, NDUFB10, NDUFB11 and MT-ND4" SIGNOR-262164 PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT PAK3 protein O75914 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser154 VNNQKYMsFTSGDKS -1 11278486 t miannu "Both in vivo and in vitro analyses demonstrate that, although most phosphorylation events in the PAK N-terminal regulatory domain play no direct role in activation, a phosphorylation of alphaPAK serine 144 or betaPAK serine 139, which lie in the kinase inhibitory domain, significantly contribute to activation. " SIGNOR-250245 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT RPS6 protein P62753 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser242 SSLRASTsKSESSQK -1 1985906 t miannu "The synthetic peptide AKRRRLSSLRASTSKSESSQK (S6-21) which corresponds to the carboxyl-terminal 21 amino acids of human ribosomal protein S6 was synthesized and tested as a substrate for S6/H4 kinase purified from human placenta. The principal phosphorylation sites were serines in the acidic carboxyl-terminal domain of the peptide." SIGNOR-250234 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NR1H3 protein Q13133 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser198 SLPPRASsPPQILPQ 9606 BTO:0000801 18250151 t llicata "Ck2? Also phosphorylated lxr? At s198 in vitro, suggesting that ck2 may be a bona fide s198 kinase. our results show that macrophage lxr? Phosphorylation at s198 affects the transcriptional activity of the receptor in a gene-specific manner (fig. ?(Fig.3a)3a) and restricts the repertoire of genes regulated by lxr?" SIGNOR-160640 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT EPB41L4B protein Q9H329 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20860828 f miannu "EPB41L3 downregulation and EPB41L4B upregulation were essentially restricted to the 22 cases with ERG overexpression." SIGNOR-253919 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21853041 t miannu "GATA-2 induces the expression of GATA-1, which first activates its cofactor FOG-1, and then downregulates GATA-2 cooperatively with FOG-1." SIGNOR-256060 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 11279134 f lperfetto "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-235619 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser99 PFRGRSRsAPPNLWA 9606 BTO:0000007 10195903 t "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-248384 estramustine chemical CHEBI:4868 ChEBI MAP1A protein P78559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001332 1647395 t miannu "Estramustine is a novel anti-microtubule drug shown to bind MAP-1 and MAP-2 (microtubule-associated proteins) in vitro. In this paper we have shown that estramustine specifically binds MAP-1A in Du 145a cells, resulting in disruption of MAP-1A microtubules and inhibition of type IV collagenase secretion." SIGNOR-259297 BCL2L2 protein Q92843 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17452531 t gcesareni "Bcl-w may protect largely via its ability to associate with bax because it could efficiently protect xem from tbid and bid, bad, hrk, and bmf bh3 peptides" SIGNOR-154518 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT PPP1R2 protein P41236 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr73 MKIDEPStPYHSMMG 9913 BTO:0000142 11320080 t "Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is complexed with inhibitor 2 (I-2) in the cytosol. In rabbit muscle extract PP1.I-2 is activated upon preincubation with ATP/Mg. This activation is caused by phosphorylation of I-2 on Thr(72) by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)." SIGNOR-251257 WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT LATS1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF43 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21233212 t miannu "Here, we show that KIBRA associates with and activates Lats (large tumor suppressor) 1 and 2 kinases by stimulating their phosphorylation on the hydrophobic motif. KIBRA overexpression stimulates the phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), the Hippo pathway effector." SIGNOR-263659 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT RIPK2 protein O43353 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18647246 f miannu "NOD2, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the adapter protein receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) are induced by tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B." SIGNOR-252410 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DRA protein P01903 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002417 10886240 f "These results indicate that impaired up-regulation of HLA-DR in response to IFN-gamma results from insufficient induction of CIITA, but not from the signal from IFN-gamma receptor to the nucleus. The abnormal regulation of HLA-DR expression caused by impaired induction of CIITA may affect CD4+ T cell development in thymoma." SIGNOR-254008 GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 24737791 t milica "The signaling mechanism utilizes an adaptor protein, shc, which binds to a phosphotyrosine residue on the il-2/15r?, Resulting in activation of grb2 and onto akt via the shc-grb2-gab2-pi3k-akt signaling pathway to increase cell proliferation and/or survival" SIGNOR-252677 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser187 AGSGAASsSGEDKEN -1 12527891 t llicata "Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrates that at least two serine residues, Ser-186 and Ser-187, are phosphorylated in vivo. | Finally, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of CDC25B by protein kinase CK2 increases the catalytic activity of the phosphatase in vitro as well as in vivo." SIGNOR-250837 MAML2 protein Q8IZL2 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12370315 f gcesareni "We recently cloned a mammalian homologue of the mastermind gene of drosophila melanogaster, maml1 (mastermind-like-1 molecule) and determined that it functions as a transcriptional coactivator for notch receptors." SIGNOR-94065 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT TEC protein P42680 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr206 RLERGQEyLILEKND 9606 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (tfks) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the sh3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism. Here, we could confirm that y223 is the only site in the btk-sh3 domain being detectably phosphorylated" SIGNOR-98086 SPDEF protein O95238 UNIPROT MMP9 protein P14780 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003160 22761428 f miannu "Transcriptional analysis of several genes associated with tumor metastasis, invasion, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition demonstrated that SPDEF expression selectively down-regulated MMP9 and MMP13 in prostate cancer cells." SIGNOR-255218 POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001086 19968627 f miannu "p21 protein levels were repressed by Oct-4 and were induced by the down-regulation of Oct-4 in ZHBTc4 ES cells." SIGNOR-255043 HAUS4 protein Q9H6D7 UNIPROT "HAUS complex" complex SIGNOR-C281 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19369198 t lperfetto "Here, by using mass spectrometry, we identified the full human augmin complex of 8 subunits and show that it interacts with the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC)" SIGNOR-262324 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR DCX protein O43602 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser287 ATAGPKAsPTPQKTS 9606 BTO:0000007 14741103 t llicata "In order to determine the sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5, serine or threonine in the nine potential sites were substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to create mutant Dcx proteins. hese were analyzed by co-transfection of 293T cells with cdk5/p35. All-sites-A mutant Dcx showed no slower migrating species on Western analysis, indicating that removal of all nine possible sites is sufficient to block the phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35. However, each single mutant Dcx retains the slower migrating species similar to the wild-type Dcx, suggesting that any single mutation is not sufficient to block phosphorylation by Cdk5/p35." SIGNOR-250655 resveratrol chemical CHEBI:27881 ChEBI SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 12939617 t gcesareni "We show that the potent activator resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine, lowers the Michaelis constant of SIRT1 for both the acetylated substrate and NAD(+), and increases cell survival by stimulating SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of p53" SIGNOR-238786 DAMPS stimulus SIGNOR-ST18 SIGNOR "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25720354 f scontino "APCs have several cell surface receptors that facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-267856 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT DNMT1/DNMT3B complex SIGNOR-C43 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12145218 t miannu "We show that the human de novo enzymes hdnmt3a and hdnmt3b form complexes with the major maintenance enzyme hdnmt1 /in vivo co-expression of hdnmt1 and hdnmt3a or hdnmt3b leads to methylation spreading in the genome, suggesting co-operation between de novo and maintenance enzymes during dna methylation" SIGNOR-90839 DIABLO protein Q9NR28 UNIPROT BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 14960576 t amattioni "Smac/DIABLO selectively reduces the levels of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 but not that of XIAP and livin in HeLa cells." SIGNOR-121883 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser216 ILDLISEsPIKGRAQ 9606 11259409 t lperfetto "Using modified jnk and its atp analogue enables the detection of novel jnk substrates. Among substrates identified using this approach is heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k, which is involved in transcription and post-transcriptional mrna metabolism. The newly identified substrate can be phosphorylated by jnk on amino acids 216 and 353, which contribute to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k mediated transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-105758 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr112 EGMQIPStQFDAAHP 9606 BTO:0000007 12432063 t llicata "We show that CKII phosphorylates the N-terminal region of beta-catenin and we identified Ser29, Thr102, and Thr112 as substrates for the enzyme. We provide evidence that CKII regulates the cytoplasmic stability of beta-catenin and acts synergistically with GSK-3beta in the multi-protein complex that controls the degradation of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-250848 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT ATXN10 protein Q9UBB4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser77 QVENLASsLQLITEC 9606 21857149 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ataxin-10 by polo-like kinase 1 is required for cytokinesis. Plk1 phosphorylates ataxin-10 at s77 and t82 in vitro. we found that ataxin-10 is ubiquitinated, and is subject to proteasome-dependent degradation, which is delayed in the 2a mutant. We propose a model in which plk1 phosphorylation of ataxin-10 influences its degradation and cytokinesis" SIGNOR-176122 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser362 AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-262996 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0002314 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 22863532 t lperfetto "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-217712 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT DNMT1/DNMT3B complex SIGNOR-C43 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12145218 t miannu "We show that the human de novo enzymes hdnmt3a and hdnmt3b form complexes with the major maintenance enzyme hdnmt1 /in vivo co-expression of hdnmt1 and hdnmt3a or hdnmt3b leads to methylation spreading in the genome, suggesting co-operation between de novo and maintenance enzymes during dna methylation" SIGNOR-90845 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 QARPGPQsPGSPLEE 9606 8626435 t esanto "Upon activation, several serine residues on the cytosolic oxidase subunit p47phox become phosphorylated. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phophorylated only the peptide containing ser345/348." SIGNOR-40821 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2BC21 protein Q16778 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265386 TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17299140 t lperfetto "The yeast two-hybrid system has now revealed two human proteins, termed tab1 and tab2 (for tak1 binding protein), that interact with tak1. Overproduction of tab1 enhanced activity of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene promoter, which is regulated by tgf-beta, and increased the kinase activity of tak1. Tab1 activates the kinase activity of tak1 by directly binding to its catalytic domain. Tab1 overexpression increase the kinase activity of tak1 in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-153031 TRIM13 protein O60858 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21333377 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of RFP2 in cells induced apoptosis through proteasomal degradation of MDM2 and AKT.  We observed that RFP2 formed a complex with MDM2, a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, and AKT, a regulator of apoptosis inhibition at the cellular level. Additionally, we found that the interaction of RFP2 with MDM2 and AKT resulted in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of MDM2 and AKT in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-271851 MXD1 protein Q05195 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000539 15282543 t lperfetto "MAD1 and c-MYC regulate UBF and rDNA transcription during granulocyte differentiation|MAD1 repressed and c-MYC activated rDNA transcription in nuclear run-on assays. Repression of rDNA transcription by MAD1 was associated with its ability to interact directly with the promoter of upstream binding factor (UBF), an rDNA regulatory factor. Conversely, c-MYC activated transcription from the UBF promoter." SIGNOR-269646 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT HTRA2 protein O43464 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser400 IHKVILGsPAHRAGL 9606 21701498 t lperfetto "Here we report that cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (cdk5), a kinase implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, is responsible for phosphorylating htra2 at s400.We have shown previously that phosphomimetic mutants of htra2 at s400 result in increased proteolytic activity and contribute to enhanced resistance to mitochondrial stress" SIGNOR-174598 (S)-N-Hydroxy-4-(3-methyl-2-phenylbutanamido)benzamide chemical CID:6918848 PUBCHEM HDAC6 protein Q9UBN7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002428 31908417 t miannu "The present study aimed to detect HDAC1 expression in and around ESCC tissues and comprehensively assess the anti-ESCC effects of AR-42, a phenylbutyrate-derived pan-HDAC inhibitor with low nanomolar IC50s against HDACs including HDAC1. AR-42 developed by Chen et al is an orally bioavailable hydroxamate-tethered phenylbutyrate derivative with strong inhibitory activity against class I (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) and class IIb (HDAC 6 and 10) HDACs." SIGNOR-262253 M2_polarization phenotype SIGNOR-PH55 SIGNOR TGFb proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF5 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 32454942 f miannu "Macrophages and microglia show a high plasticity and have been arbitrarily classified into “M1” (proinflammatory) and “M2” (prorepair, anti-inflammatory) phenotypes depending on their activation state, although it is now widely accepted that this classification is hugely oversimplified, particularly for microglia, and only partially reflects the real situation. M2 polarized cells express a variety of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and contribute to immunoregulation" SIGNOR-263824 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT KRT18 protein P05783 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser53 ISVSRSTsFRGGMGS -1 7523419 t lperfetto "Ser-52 in K18 is not glycosylated and matches consensus sequences for phosphorylation by CAM kinase, S6 kinase and protein kinase C, and all these kinases can phosphorylate K18 in vitro predominantly at that site." SIGNOR-248894 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT AATF protein Q9NY61 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser143 SKKSRSHsAKTPGFS 9606 BTO:0001109 17157788 t lperfetto "Three putative Chk2 phosphorylation sites (Stevens et al., 2003) are present in Che-1 at resides Ser141, Ser474, and Ser508. Thus, we performed in vitro Chk2 kinase assays utilizing the GST-Che-1 fusion peptides spanning these residues as substrates.| Taken together, these results indicate that Chk2 phosphorylates Che-1 and this phosphorylation contributes to increase Che-1 stability." SIGNOR-264416 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RFC1 protein P35251 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr506 KESKLERtPQKNVQG 9534 BTO:0004055 12930972 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the PCNA binding domain of the large subunit of replication factor C on Thr506 by cyclin-dependent kinases regulates binding to PCNA|Replication factor C (RF-C) complex binds to DNA primers and loads PCNA onto DNA, thereby increasing the processivity of DNA polymerases. |Phosphorylation of either RF-Cp145 as a part of the RF-C complex or RF-Cp145 domain B by cdk-cyclin kinases inhibits their ability to bind PCNA." SIGNOR-265504 PRLHR protein P49683 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256973 PFKFB4 protein Q16877 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15170386 t "Fru-2,6-P2 (fructose 2,6-bisphosphate) is a signal molecule that controls glycolysis. Since its discovery more than 20 years ago, inroads have been made towards the understanding of the structure‚Äì function relationships in PFK-2 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase)/ FBPase-2 (fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase), the homodimeric bifunctional enzyme that catalyses the synthesis and degradation of Fru-2,6-P2" SIGNOR-267264 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM55 protein Q9BYV6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270968 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser334 SVVRESKsFTRSTVD 9606 10636859 t gcesareni "Whole cell phosphorylation assays with specific inhibitors as well as in vitro phosphorylation assays with recombinant enzymes and peptide substrates revealed that phosphorylation of ser-334 is regulated by protein kinase c-beta this study is among the first to analyze in a detailed manner, using a non-mutational approach, modifications of a defined phosphorylation site in a g protein-coupled receptor and to correlate these findings with functional parameters of receptor deactivation." SIGNOR-73967 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CDKN1C protein P49918 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr310 GVGSVEQtPRKRLR 9606 BTO:0000150 23421998 t lperfetto "Cdk inhibitor p57 (kip2) is downregulated by akt during her2-mediated tumorigenicityakt phosphorylates p57 on ser 282 or thr310. Akt activity results in destabilization of p57 by accelerating turnover rate of p57 and enhancing p57 ubiquitination" SIGNOR-252536 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPV4 protein Q9HBA0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr175 GLLPFLLtHKKRLTD 9606 19661060 t Manara "We conclude that the serine/threonine kinases PKC and PKA enhance activation of the TRPV4 ion channel by phosphorylation at specific sites and that phosphorylation depends on assembly of PKC and PKA by AKAP79 into a signaling complex with TRPV4." SIGNOR-260882 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination Lys21 EGPRDGLkKERLLDD 9606 9990853 t gcesareni "We report here the identification of an ikappab-ubiquitin (ub) ligase complex containing the f-box/wd40-repeat protein, beta-trcp, a vertebrate homolog of drosophila slimb. beta-trcp binds to ikappabalpha only when the latter is specifically phosphorylated by an ikappab kinase complex. here we provide evidence that lysine residues 21 and 22 serve as the primary sites for signal-induced ubiquitination of i kappa b alpha." SIGNOR-64317 SAICAR(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58443 ChEBI fumarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29806 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-268068 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser296 SPSALSSsPNNLSPT 10090 15664191 t lperfetto "Here, we identify six residues of Raf-1 (S29, S43, S289, S296, S301, and S642) that become hyperphosphorylated in a manner coincident with Raf-1 inactivation. | Five of the identified sites are proline-directed targets of activated ERK, and phosphorylation of all six sites requires MEK signaling, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. Hyperphosphorylation of these six sites inhibits the Ras/Raf-1 interaction and desensitizes Raf-1 to additional stimuli.|FLAG-Raf-1 phosphorylated by activated ERK2" SIGNOR-143692 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr8 MSSILPFtPPIVKRL 9606 15241418 t gcesareni "We have mapped cdk4 and cdk2 phosphorylation sites to thr 8, thr 178 and ser 212 in smad3. taken together, these findings indicate that cdk phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity and antiproliferative function" SIGNOR-126740 Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR Ub:RING_E3 complex SIGNOR-C519 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner to form a thioester-linked E1‒Ub conjugate. The activated Ub is then delivered to an E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. Finally, an E3 enzyme, which can bind both a substrate and an E2‒Ub conjugate, mediates the covalent linkage of Ub to the target protein as a tag." SIGNOR-271380 COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT ACACB protein O00763 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 16794074 t miannu "TRB3 appears to inhibit ACC activity by functioning as an adaptor for COP1.  Taken together, these results suggest that TRB3 may promote loss of fat by mediating the COP1-dependent ubiquitination and inactivation of ACC. Taking these results together, we propose that TRB3 may protect against diet-induced obesity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation in adipose during fasting through the COP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ACC (Fig. 4D)." SIGNOR-271599 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu54 EMKKGHLeRECMEET -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263666 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT HSF1 protein Q00613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser230 PKYSRQFsLEHVHGS BTO:0000664 11447121 t llicata "Ser230 is located in the regulatory domain of HSF1, and promotes the magnitude of the inducible transcriptional activity. Ser230 lies within a consensus site for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and CaMKII overexpression enhances both the level of in vivo Ser230 phosphorylation and transactivation of HSF1. The importance of Ser230 was further established by the S230A HSF1 mutant showing markedly reduced activity relative to wild-type HSF1 when expressed in hsf1(-/-) cells." SIGNOR-250631 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 HQLFRGFsFVATGLM 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-252746 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT CSF3R protein Q99062 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr787 LTPSPKSyENLWFQA -1 9790917 t "Hck becomes activated upon G-CSF treatment and is, in turn, able to phosphorylate the G-CSF-R, indicating a clear functional and physical involvement in G-CSF signaling. the ability of Hck to phosphorylate the G-CSF-R in vitro, both Y728 and Y763 fit the Src consensus phosphorylation site. we investigated the activation of Hck by the G-CSF-R in intact cells as well as in vitro. These studies revealed recruitment of Hck to activated G-CSF-R, mediated by direct binding via its SH2 domain to multiple phosphotyrosines of the receptor. In addition, we show that Hck becomes activated upon G-CSF treatment and is, in turn, able to phosphorylate the G-CSF-R, indicating a clear functional and physical involvement in G-CSF signaling." SIGNOR-251264 HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT ATOH1 protein Q92858 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 30030829 f lperfetto "The basic-helixloop-helix factors HES1 and HES5 repress the expression of the proneural genes (Ascl1, Atoh1, Neurog1 and Neurog2) and thereby inhibit NSCs differentiation and neuron production" SIGNOR-265144 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys19 VKRLLGWkKGEQNGQ 9606 BTO:0000567;BTO:0002181;BTO:0000552 17074756 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that both smad2 and smad3 are acetylated by the coactivators p300 and cbp in a tgfb-dependent manner. the p300-dependent acetylation of smad3 was attenuated when lys19 was mutated, whereas mutation of lys20 had no effect, suggesting that lys19 is acetylated also in smad3." SIGNOR-236126 GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24898252 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an ancient enzyme family that specifically charges tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids for protein synthesis. Glycyl- tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the most intriguing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases due to its divergent quaternary structure and abnormal charging properties. . In this study we report crystal structures of wild type and mutant hGlyRS in complex with tRNA and with small substrates and describe the molecular details of enzymatic recognition of the key tRNA identity elements in the acceptor stem and the anticodon loop." SIGNOR-270481 OXTR protein P30559 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30739093 t miannu "OT binds to its cognate G protein–coupled receptor (OTR) and exerts diverse effects, including stimulation (Gs) or inhibition (Gi/o) of adenylyl cyclase, stimulation of potassium channel currents (Gi), and activation of phospholipase C (Gq)." SIGNOR-270330 NCKAP1 protein Q9Y2A7 UNIPROT "WRC complex" complex SIGNOR-C191 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21107423 t miannu "WAVE proteins are constitutively associated with four additional proteins in cells: Sra1/Cyfip1, Nap1/Hem-2, Abi and HSPC300. The components of this ~400 kDa pentamer, termed the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) have all been implicated in control of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly in a wide range of systems" SIGNOR-253569 CTDNEP1 protein O95476 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17141153 t gcesareni "We show that dullard promotes the ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation of bmp receptors" SIGNOR-151001 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT FAP protein Q12884 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 20515787 f "Down-regulation of EGR1 resulted in a significant reduction in endogenous FAP mRNA expression. These findings identify the basal transcriptional requirements of FAP gene expression and show EGR1 is an important regulator of FAP expression." SIGNOR-254248 ADRA1A protein P35348 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257195 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 22298955 t lperfetto "Smurf1, with its WW domain, specifically binds to the PY motif of Smad6 and transports Smad6 into the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-253261 OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256990 PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 12167717 f lperfetto "PKB induction requires phosphorylation of two critical residues, threonine 308 in the activation loop and serine 473 near the carboxyl terminus. Membrane localization of PKB was found to be a primary determinant of serine 473 phosphorylation. PI3K activity was equally important for promoting phosphorylation of serine 473," SIGNOR-252715 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT ADAM15 protein Q13444 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr715 LVMLGASyWYRARLH 9606 11741929 t lperfetto "Hck, and to a lesser extent lck, phosphorylated the adam15. Deletion and point mutation analysis of the adam15 cytoplasmic domain confirmed the importance of the proline-rich motifs for grb2 and lck binding and indicated the regulatory nature of tyr(715) and tyr(735). These data demonstrate selective, phosphorylation-dependent interactions of adam15 with src family ptks and grb2, which highlight the potential for integration of adam functions and cellular signaling." SIGNOR-112919 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe634 VHHQKLVfFAEDVGS -1 10605825 t lperfetto "In this work, we used a sensitive in vitro method of detection to investigate the role of cathepasin D in the proteolytic processing of a 100-amino acid C-terminal fragment (C100) inclusive of βA4 and cytoplasmic domain of APP. Digestion of C100 with cathepsin D resulted in cleavage at the amyloidogenic γ-cleavage sites. This occurred preferentially at Thr43–Val44 and at Ala42–Thr43, generating full length βA4 43 and βA4 42 amyloid peptides, respectively. Cathepsin D was also found to cleave the substrate at the following nonamyloidogenic sites; Leu34–Met35, Thr48–Leu49 and Leu49–Val50. A high concentration of cathepsin D resulted in cleavage also occurring at Phe19–Phe20, Phe20–Ala21 and Phe93–Phe94 of the C100, suggesting that these sites are somewhat less sensitive to the action of cathepsin D." SIGNOR-261771 MMP8 protein P22894 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu442 TSKGDKElRTGKEKV -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system. |Fibrinogen was subjected to MMP-cleavage, and the resulting fragments were isolated. The amino acid sequences were determined by automated Edman degradation.|MMP-8 20ADSGEGD a-chain | 442LRTGKEKV a-chain" SIGNOR-263626 "JNJ-28312141 free base" chemical CID:11676971 PUBCHEM FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258125 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser394 TRQTPVDsPDDSTLS 9606 BTO:0000567 12586835 t gcesareni "A physical interaction exists between cdc2 and s6k1, and this interaction is enhanced in mitotic cells. These results suggest that cdc2 provides a signal that triggers inactivation of s6k1 in mitosis, presumably serving to spare energy for costly mitotic processes at the expense of ribosomal protein synthesis." SIGNOR-98211 POLR3C protein Q9BUI4 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266131 IC-87114 chemical CHEBI:90686 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206190 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAT1 protein P11488 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16885213 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-148496 GABRD protein O14764 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263749 NRCAM protein Q92823 UNIPROT ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266719 TXK protein P42681 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr145 PVEDDADyEPPPSND 9606 BTO:0000782 8892604 t lperfetto "Resting lymphocyte kinase (rlk/txk) targets lymphoid adaptor slp-76 in the cooperative activation of interleukin-2 transcription in t-cells. In this study, we report that rlk phosphorylates slp-76 at its n-terminal yesp/yepp sites. A third tyrosine within the amino-terminal region (y145) appears to be the most important for optimal slp-76 function" SIGNOR-44669 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785;BTO:0000661;BTO:0003076 14624462 f lperfetto "We find, for the first time, that shp-1 down-regulates the level of tyk2 kinase in h9 cells and of jak1 kinase in htb26 cells, by accelerating their degradation" SIGNOR-119200 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT UNC5A protein Q6ZN44 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Ser352 TSGFQPVsIKPSKAD 10116 BTO:0003036 16554470 t miannu "We show that protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) recruits activated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) to MycUNC5A at the plasma membrane, stimulating its endocytosis. We identify two PKCα phosphorylation sites at serines 408 and 587, as well as dileucine internalization motifs, which are required for this endocytosis." SIGNOR-268180 RPL14 protein P50914 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262484 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Thr202 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 9606 phosphorylation:Thr202 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 16456541 t gcesareni "B56-containing pp2a dephosphorylate erk and their activity is controlled by the early gene iex-1 and erk" SIGNOR-144322 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser484 ERGKLPEsPKRAEEI 10090 BTO:0000944 10202152 t llicata "We have identified Ser484 as a direct target for cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4)-cyclin D1- and cdk2-cyclin E-directed phosphorylation. Mutation of Ser484 impairs rDNA transcription in vivo and in vitro. " SIGNOR-250754 GATA4 protein P43694 UNIPROT TDO2 protein P48775 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0000575 19003156 t lperfetto "GATA4 inhibits expression of the tryptophan oxygenase gene by binding to the TATA box in fetal hepatocytes." SIGNOR-268994 DRD4 protein P21917 UNIPROT GNB5 protein O14775 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21303898 t miannu "The D2-class dopamine receptors (D2, D3, and D4) couple to the Gi/o family of G proteins and thus induce inhibition of AC" SIGNOR-264995 MSL2 protein Q9HCI7 UNIPROT H2BC21 protein Q16778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" monoubiquitination Lys35 KKRKRSRkESYSIYV 9606 21726816 t miannu "MSL1/2 ubiquitylates histone H2B on K 34. Importantly, only mono-ubiquitylation of H2B by MSL1/2 was detected in cells (data not shown), suggesting that MSL1/2, like RNF20/RNF40, was mainly a mono-ubiquitylase under physiological conditions.the MOF-MSL complex functions to promote both H4 K16ac and H2B K34ub. H2B K34ub, in turn, promotes H2B K120ub, H3 K4me3 and K79me2 to facilitate transcription elongation." SIGNOR-271976 TNFSF11 protein O14788 UNIPROT TNFRSF11A protein Q9Y6Q6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12897775 t miannu "RANKL, a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily, is most abundantly expressed as a cell-surface protein by bone-marrow stromal cells. It interacts with its receptor RANK (which is encoded by Tnfrsf11a) on macrophages and mature osteoclasts." SIGNOR-253042 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 EKLFQGYsFVAPSIL 9606 15568999 t lperfetto "Msk1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: ser-212, ser-376, ser-381, ser-750, ser-752 and ser-758. Of these sites, the n-terminal t-loop residue ser-212 and the 'hydrophobic motif' ser-376 are phosphorylated by the c-terminal kinase domain of msk1, and their phosphorylation is essential for the catalytic activity of the n-terminal kinase domain of msk1 and therefore for the phosphorylation of msk1 substrates in vitro." SIGNOR-131391 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser746 AMRFARRsVSDNDIR 9606 BTO:0000150 16551632 t llicata "Site-directed mutagenesis identified ser-351, ser-745, and ser-747 as akt phosphorylation sites on vcp. however, our study also suggests that other known biological activities of vcp, such as those related to intracellular trafficking, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and activation of transcription (28), might be regulated by akt through the activation of vcp. I" SIGNOR-145288 mianserin chemical CHEBI:51137 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258689 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "Av/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C176 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259054 "Immune complexes" stimulus SIGNOR-ST15 SIGNOR FCGR3A protein P08637 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 17558411 f lperfetto "After binding their antibody ligands, FcgRI and FcgRIII deliver activating signals through an association with the FcRg-chain (FcRg), a transmembrane adaptor protein with an immuno-receptor tyrosine-based activation motif in its cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-249523 DNMT3A protein Q9Y6K1 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19786833 f irozzo "Based on one of these publications, we here showed that the interaction of Dnmt3a with c-myc promote the specific methylation of CG dinucleotides localized in c-myc boxes of promoter regions of CDKN2a, CCND1 and TIMP2 genes. Acellular experiments corroborated and complemented these results by revealing that the specificity of consensus sequence for DNA methylation of Dnmt3a is increased in presence of c-myc." SIGNOR-255808 PSMA5 protein P28066 UNIPROT "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29636472 t lperfetto "Here, we report near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of the activated human proteasome|The proteasome is composed of a 28-subunit barrel-shaped core particle (CP) and two 19- subunit regulatory particles (RP)5–8 capped at both sides of the CP|Human proteasomes were purified through affinity chromatography on a large scale from a stable HEK293 cell line" SIGNOR-263364 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT POLDIP3 protein Q9BY77 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser383 ELPRRVNsASSSNPP 9606 15341740 t llicata "Here we identify skar as a novel and specific binding partner and substrate of s6k1 but not s6k2. We find that serines 383 and 385 of human skar are insulin-stimulated and rapamycin-sensitive s6k1 phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-128495 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 17343824 f miannu "We found 59 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes in the K562-SATB1 cells that were not observed in the K562 cells. Partial genes that have special biological functions are listed in Table 1." SIGNOR-255133 CLTCL1 protein P53675 UNIPROT "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260673 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 12171600 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "Inhibition of eEF2 kinase resulting from phosphorylation of Ser-396 by SAPK2a p38 was approx.25%." SIGNOR-270127 ATP7B protein P35670 UNIPROT copper(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:49552 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 24706876 t lperfetto "WD is caused by mutations in ATP7B, a transporter that loads Cu(I) onto newly synthesized cupro-enzymes in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and exports excess copper out of cells by trafficking from the TGN to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-272297 LFNG protein Q8NES3 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates glycosylation 9606 BTO:0000975 12486116 t "Fringe is a fucose-specific beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that modifies O-fucose moieties on the epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of Notch." gcesareni "We demonstrate that egf 12, a portion of the ligand-binding site, is modified with o-fucose and that this site is evolutionarily conserved. We also show that endogenous fringe proteins in chinese hamster ovary cells (lunatic fringe and radical fringe) as well as exogenous manic fringe modify o-fucose on many but not all egf repeats of mouse notch1." SIGNOR-96540 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1943 RKGAGDGsDEEVDGK 9606 BTO:0000150 21316371 t gcesareni "In egf-stimulated cells, the myosin-iia heavy chain is phosphorylated on the casein kinase 2 site (s1943)" SIGNOR-171907 L3MBTL2 protein Q969R5 UNIPROT RNF168 protein Q8IYW5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 31225475 t miannu "L3MBTL2 links RNF8 and RNF168 in the DNA double strand break response. The protein kinase ATM phosphorylates L3MBTL2, which recruits it to the DNA lesion by promoting the interaction between MDC1 and L3MBTL2. L3MBTL2 is subsequently ubiquitinated by RNF8, which acts as a docking site for RNF168, thereby recruiting the ubiquitin ligase to the damage site. RNF168, in turn, ubiquitinates H2A-type histones to amplify the DNA damage response and recruit downstream DNA repair proteins for proper DSB signaling." SIGNOR-266788 "NLRC4 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C223 SIGNOR "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256384 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser397 EQKFRMLsQDAPTVK 9606 10839545 t lperfetto "We have identified two residues of nbs1, ser 278 and ser 343 that are phosphorylated in vitro by atm and whose modification in vivo is essential for the cellular response to dna damage. This response includes s-phase checkpoint activation, formation of the nbs1/mrel1/rad50 nuclear foci and rescue of hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation." SIGNOR-78030 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT GTF2A1L protein Q9UNN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser418 VEEDPLNsGDDVSEQ -1 12107178 t llicata "ALF was able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA, but it could not stabilize TBP mutants A184E, N189E, E191R, and R205E nor could it facilitate binding of the TBP-like factor TRF2/TLF to a consensus TATA element. However, phosphorylation of ALF with casein kinase II resulted in the partial restoration of complex formation using mutant TBPs. | Because the residues involved (Ser-280, Ser-281, Ser-316, and Ser-321) are conserved in ALF (Ser-356, Ser-357, Ser-418, and Ser-423), we tested whether its activity might also be affected by this modification. We first showed that ALF and TFIIAα/β polypeptides incubated with casein kinase II and [γ-32P]ATP could be labeled." SIGNOR-250993 "Immunoglobulin lambda-1 light chain" protein P0DOX8 UNIPROT BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323265 t scontino "An antibody is composed of two identical HCs and two identical LCs (either kappa or lambda ), consisting of variable (V) and constant (C) regions linked by disulfide bonds. Pro- genitor B cells rearrange their Ig heavy chain (HC) genes to differentiate into precursor B (pre- B) cells that express μ HCs." SIGNOR-268190 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT ADAM19 protein Q9H013 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001454 10933396 f gcesareni "Deltex, meltrin beta, ifi-202, and ifi-204 were also upregulated by notchic in the 2b4.11 t cell hybridoma, whereas ifi-d3 was expressed constitutively at relatively high levels and slightly upregulated by notchic, and pre-talfa was not expressed. Deltex, meltrin beta, pre-talfa, ifi-202, and ifi-204 were upregulated by notchic expression in the akr1 dp thymoma cell line, whereas ifi-d3 was not expressed" SIGNOR-80330 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CENPQ protein Q7L2Z9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr123 RLLQQCEtLKVPPKK 9606 BTO:0000567 25670858 t lperfetto "Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. From these analyses, we identified nine CENP-Q residues (Thr-123, Thr-135, Ser-138, Ser-139, Ser-248, Ser-249, Ser-253, Ser-255, and Thr-256) that were phosphorylated in both in vitro and in vivo samples (Fig. 4B), suggesting that Plk1 phosphorylates these sites." SIGNOR-265231 NDUFA7 protein O95182 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262158 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 20879862 f "In terms of cytokine expression, increased FLI-1 levels specifically enhanced IL-10 expression" SIGNOR-254516 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr386 IGLNQPStPTHAAGV 9606 BTO:0000007 10567369 t lperfetto "An ERK2-binding site at the N terminus of MEK1 was reported to mediate their stable association. We examined the importance of this binding site in the feedback phosphorylation of mek1 on thr(292) and thr(386) by erk2" SIGNOR-244561 MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257085 "sphingosine 1-phosphate(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60119 ChEBI S1PR1 protein P21453 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257577 "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR SPTB protein P11277 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The junctional complex is focused around a hub or ‘junction’ arising from lateral connections between protein 4.1, actin and beta spectrin (the first of which stabilises the actin spectrin association via direct binding to both proteins [8])." SIGNOR-266023 PATJ protein Q8NI35 UNIPROT AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24366813 t lperfetto "To gain a more detailed view on the organization of this cell polarity network linked to yap1 we included several proteins of the cell junction complex (amot, mpp5, lin7a)," SIGNOR-203488 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT up-regulates polyubiquitination 9606 20047764 t miannu "Here, we show that the TRAF family proteins directly bind TICAM-1 and demonstrate that TRAF2 and TRAF6 bind different sites of the N-terminal TICAM-1 and accelerate its polyubiquitination. we speculate that polyubiquitination of TICAM-1 by TRAF2 and TRAF6 is required for TICAM-1 to induce IRF-3 and NF-κB activation. This is supported by the observation that polyubiquitination of TICAM-1 was required for TRAF3-binding to TICAM-1" SIGNOR-271428 Hexocyclium chemical CHEBI:5707 ChEBI CHRM5 protein P08912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258399 MMP8 protein P22894 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Ala20 VVGTAWTaDSGEGDF -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system. |Fibrinogen was subjected to MMP-cleavage, and the resulting fragments were isolated. The amino acid sequences were determined by automated Edman degradation.|MMP-8 20ADSGEGD a-chain | 442LRTGKEKV a-chain" SIGNOR-263625 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT SPRY2 protein O43597 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 19864419 t miannu "Endogenous and overexpressed Nedd4 polyubiquitinate Spry2 via Lys(48) on ubiquitin and decrease its stability. " SIGNOR-271425 GART protein P22102 UNIPROT 5-amino-1-(5-phosphonato-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazol-3-ium smallmolecule CHEBI:137981 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 33179964 t miannu "The second enzyme in the DNPB pathway is trifunc tional GART (TGART), whose domains and activities include: glycinamide ribonucleotide synthase (GARS) that catalyzes the ATP-dependent process that uses 5- PRA and Gly to make glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR); glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART) that transfers the formyl group of N10-formyltetrahydrofolate to GAR, generating formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR); and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthase (AIRS) that converts formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) to aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) in an ATP-dependent manner." SIGNOR-267315 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT DAB1 protein O75553 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr198 EDVEDPVyQYIVFEA -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254697 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser83 PTIPGVTsPSSDEPP 9606 BTO:0000007 11691836 t lperfetto "The 4E-BPs inhibit translation in a reversible manner. Hypophosphorylated 4E-BPs interact avidly with eIF4E, whereas 4E-BP hyperphosphorylation, elicited by stimulation of cells with hormones, cytokines, or growth factors, results in an abrogation of eIF4E-binding activity.|These results are at variance with reports that have characterized the 4E-BP1/eIF4E interaction utilizing recombinant 4E-BP1 proteins phosphorylated in vitro with ERK, and harboring alanine substitutions at Thr 37, Thr 46, Thr 70, and Ser 83 |phosphorylation of either Thr 46 or Ser 65 was reported to result in a decrease in eIF4E binding" SIGNOR-249391 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT KRT18 protein P05783 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser53 ISVSRSTsFRGGMGS BTO:0000944 7523419 t llicata "Ser-52 in K18 is not glycosylated and matches consensus sequences for phosphorylation by CAM kinase, S6 kinase and protein kinase C, and all these kinases can phosphorylate K18 in vitro predominantly at that site. Expression of K18 ser-52-->ala mutant in mammalian cells showed minimal phosphorylation but no distinguishable difference in filament assembly when compared with wild-type K18. In contrast, the ser-52 mutation played a clear but nonexclusive role in filament reorganization," SIGNOR-250633 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR AR protein P10275 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser516 VSRVPYPsPTCVKSE 9606 21157430 t acerquone "Here, we show that the transcription factor tfiih, via its cdk7 kinase, phosphorylates the androgen receptor (ar) at position ar/s515. Strikingly, this phosphorylation is a key step for an accurate transactivation that includes the cyclic recruitment of the transcription machinery, the mdm2 e3 ligase, the subsequent ubiquitination of ar at the promoter of target genes and its degradation by the proteasome machinery" SIGNOR-269331 RASGRF2 protein O14827 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260574 OXSR1 protein O95747 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr84 LPSDFEHtIHVGFDA 9606 BTO:0000567 14707132 t miannu "OSR1 phosphorylated threonine 84 in the N-terminal regulatory domain of PAK1. phosphorylation of PAK1 by OSR1 desensitizes PAK1 to activation by small G proteins, providing a modulatory input to PAK1 activity." SIGNOR-250210 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ALOX5 protein P09917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 12670876 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Intriguingly, a significant difference in the potency of nonredox-type inhibitors (but not of BWA4C) was determined between wild-type 5-LO and the mutant S271A/S663A-5-LO (lacking phosphorylation sites for ERK1/2 and MAPKAPK-2) in HeLa cells. Collectively, our data suggest that compared with Ca2+-mediated 5-LO product formation, enzyme activation involving 5-LO phosphorylation events specifically and strongly alters the susceptibility of 5-LO toward nonredox-type inhibitors in intact cells." SIGNOR-270088 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg41 TNATLDPrSFLLRNP -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Arg41-Ser42 activation site" SIGNOR-263561 NOTCH4 protein Q99466 UNIPROT MAML2 protein Q8IZL2 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12386158 t gcesareni "We show here identification of two new members of human mam family (human mastermind-2 (hmam-2) and human mastermind-3 (hmam-3)), which retain characteristics similar to human mastermind-1 (hmam-1) and drosophila mastermind. Both hmam-2 and hmam-3 stabilize and participate in the dna-binding complex rbp-j/cbf-1 protein and the notch intracellular domains that serve as intermediates of the signaling. Both hmam-2 and hmam-3 enhanced the activation of transcription from a target promoter by notch signaling. However, we also show evidence that the activation of the target promoter by notch3 and notch4 is more efficiently potentiated by hmam-2 than by hmam-1 or -3." SIGNOR-94279 POLR3H protein Q9Y535 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266126 PPP2CB protein P62714 UNIPROT ELF1 protein P32519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr231 CPKYIKWtQREKGIF 9606 18714041 t "Elf-1 enhances the expression of CD3zeta, whereas it suppresses the expression of FcRgamma gene and lupus T cells have decreased amounts of DNA-binding 98 kDa form of Elf-1. We show that the aberrantly increased PP2A in lupus T cells dephosphorylates Elf-1 at Thr-231. Dephosphorylation results in limited expression and binding of the 98 kDa Elf-1 form to the CD3zeta and FcRgamma promoters. Suppression of the expression of the PP2A leads to increased expression of CD3zeta and decreased expression of FcRgamma genes and correction of the early signaling response" SIGNOR-248591 pazopanib chemical CHEBI:71219 ChEBI FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258260 (8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-13,14-diol chemical CHEBI:92234 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258730 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1165 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG -1 7493944 t lperfetto "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-246264 RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser276 SMQLRRPsDRELSEP 9606 SIGNOR-C13 12628924 t gcesareni "Transcriptional activation of the nf-kappab p65 subunit by mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (msk1)mutational analysis of p65 revealed ser276 as a target for phosphorylation and transactivation in response to tnf. Moreover, we identified msk1 as a nuclear kinase for p65, since msk1 associates with p65 in a stimulus-dependent way and phosphorylates p65 at ser276." SIGNOR-99210 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT LBR protein Q14739 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser71 KGGSTSSsPSRRRGS 9606 14718546 t lperfetto "The binding of the nk fragment to chromatin pretreated with an s-phase extract was suppressed by incubation with an m-phase extract. Enzyme inhibitor experiments revealed that multiple kinases participate in the suppression. One of these kinases was shown to be cdc2 experiments involving a mutant nk fragment showed that the phosphorylation of serine 71 by cdc2 kinase is responsible for the suppression." SIGNOR-121335 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr735 KPFPAPQtPGRLQPA 10029 BTO:0000246 20188673 t gcesareni "We show that p38 MAP kinase, which is activated in response to inflammatory or stress signals, directly activates TACE, a membrane-associated metalloprotease that is also known as ADAM17 and effects shedding in response to growth factors and Erk MAP kinase activation. p38alpha MAP kinase interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of TACE and phosphorylates it on Thr(735), which is required for TACE-mediated ectodomain shedding" SIGNOR-163970 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser370 KKTIVNDsRESCVEE 9606 BTO:0001938 23277204 t "Three phosphorylation sites identified are Ser342, Ser367, and Ser403. In the present study, we identify protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) as a negative regulator in the p53 signaling pathway. PP1 directly interacts with Mdmx and specifically dephosphorylates Mdmx at Ser367. The dephosphorylation of Mdmx increases its stability and thereby inhibits p53 activity." SIGNOR-248566 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT RBL1 protein P28749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser964 MMDAPPLsPFPHIKQ 9606 12006580 t llicata "Here we assessed the effects of alanine substitution at the individual or combined Cdk4(6)-specific sites in p130, compared with homologous sites in p107 (Thr(369)/Ser(650)/Ser(964)). In U-2-OS cells, the triple p107(DeltaCdk4)* mutant strongly inhibited E2F-4 activity and imposed a G(1) arrest resistant to cyclin D1 coexpression. " SIGNOR-250764 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr145 QGRKRRQtSMTDFYH 9606 16982699 t gcesareni "Whereas akt1 phosphorylates p21, inducing its release from cdk2 and cytoplasmic localization as previously described for akt, akt2 binds p21 in the region spanning the t145 site of p21, thus competing with phosphorylation by akt1 and inducing its accumulation in the nucleus. These distinct roles of akt/pkb isoforms in modulating proliferation and p21 have important implications for the development of drugs aimed at inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.[...] We next investigated if phosphorylation of p21-t145 interfered with akt2 binding. As shown in fig. ?Fig.8e8e (right lane), phosphorylation of p21 on t145 effectively prevented akt2 interaction." SIGNOR-244180 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT MBD3 protein O95983 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser24 REEVPRRsGLSAGHR 9606 BTO:0000567 12354758 t llicata "These results suggest that the biochemical changes of mbd3 may be intimately related to the targeting of mbd3 to centrosomes. aurora-a phosphorylates mbd3" SIGNOR-93693 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257144 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21084559 t lperfetto "Taz has been shown to interact with smad2 and smad3 through its coiled-coil region, and to be important in maintaining the nuclear localization of smad2 and smad3 as well as the expression of their target genes in response to tgf-b signaling and, thus, in the maintenance of human esc self-renewal." SIGNOR-169838 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser398 DSLPSSPsSATPHSQ -1 14709557 t miannu "Stimulation of the AMP-activated Protein Kinase Leads to Activation of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase and to Its Phosphorylation at a Novel Site, Serine 398. phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase at Ser-398 leads to an increase in its activity." SIGNOR-250158 IL1R1 protein P14778 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 9625767 f lperfetto "Il-1 binding to its receptor triggers a cascade of signaling events, including activation of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 map kinase, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab)" SIGNOR-249512 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine smallmolecule CHEBI:34795 ChEBI CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 11279134 f fspada "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-209986 H2AC4 protein P04908 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.3 variant" complex SIGNOR-C339 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15776021 t miannu "Variant histone H3.3 is incorporated into nucleosomes by a mechanism that does not require DNA replication and has also been implicated as a potential mediator of epigenetic memory of active transcriptional states. In this study, we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis to show that H3.3 is found mainly at the promoters of transcriptionally active genes." SIGNOR-263874 BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000972 17960585 f miannu "Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is known to depend on the formation of Smad2/3-Smad4 transcription regulatory complexes. Functional analysis revealed that Smad3 and Smad4 were the predominant mediators of TGF-beta-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells. We provide evidence that up-regulation of Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), under the transcriptional control of Smad3-Smad4 signaling, is crucial to TGF-beta-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells." SIGNOR-260426 "EEF1B complex" complex SIGNOR-C460 SIGNOR EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome. An inactive eEF1A-GDP moiety leaves the ribosome and must be recycled to eEF1A-GTP before binding another aa-tRNA. This GTP exchange process is the function of the nucleotide exchange factor eEF1B complex, which exchanges GDP for GTP to regenerate active eEF1A." SIGNOR-269388 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr564 SKHKEDVyENLHTKN -1 12468540 t gcesareni "Incorporation of Pmp at the 536 site led to 4-fold stimulation of the SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase activity whereas incorporation at the 564 site led to no effect" SIGNOR-246240 "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR oligopeptide smallmolecule CHEBI:25676 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 25720354 t scontino "APCs cell surface receptors facilitate antigen entry into antigen-processing compartments through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is in these compartments that internalized antigen proteolysis and peptide–MHC class II complex formation takes place." SIGNOR-267862 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21242973 f miannu "ERG transcriptional networks in leukemia converge on WNT signaling targets. Specifically, WNT11 emerged as a direct target of ERG. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of ERG confirmed downregulation of WNT11 transcripts." SIGNOR-254071 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr336 KDRWRSMtVVPYLED 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 12805220 t lperfetto "It was shown that thr336 and thr366 are the major autophosphorylation sites of mouse lkb1 (sapkota et al., 2002). We confirmed these data on the human orthologues thr336 and thr363. Moreover, the enhanced stoichiometry of lkb1 autophosphorylation by strad enabled us to identify two novel sites: thr185 and thr402. We show that increased lkb1 autophosphorylation of all sites correlates with the activation of its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-101844 DLG2 protein Q15700 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG2-LLGL2_variant complex SIGNOR-C503 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270881 CDC27 protein P30260 UNIPROT APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16896351 t lperfetto "The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that has essential functions in and outside the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is the most complex molecular machine that is known to catalyse ubiquitylation reactions, and it contains more than a dozen subunits that assemble into a large 1.5-MDa complex." SIGNOR-252003 MMP10 protein P09238 UNIPROT HAPLN1 protein P10915 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage His31 LDHDRAIhIQAENGP -1 7694569 t miannu "Matrix metalloproteinases cleave at two distinct sites on human cartilage link protein. Sequencing studies of modified link protein components revealed that stromelysins-1 and -2, gelatinases A and B and collagenase cleaved specifically between His16 and Ile17, and matrilysin, stromelysin-2 and gelatinase A cleaved between Leu25 and Leu26. Based on previously determined in situ cleavage sites it is evident that matrix metalloproteinases are not solely responsible for the accumulation of link protein degradation products in adult human cartilage, indicating that additional proteolytic agents are involved in the normal catabolism of human cartilage matrix." SIGNOR-256331 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1050 AASLLRLsLYNNCIC 9606 BTO:0000984 11416140 t lperfetto "Downregulation of ciita function by protein kinase a (pka)-mediated phosphorylation phosphorylation at ciita serines 834 and 1050 accounts for the inhibitory effects of pka on ciita-driven class ii mhc transcription." SIGNOR-108569 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Glu618 SEVKMDAeFRHDSGY -1 8943232 t lperfetto "The precise cathepsin D cleavage sites within these recombinant betaAPP substrates were identified using this technique. Both recombinant substrates were cleaved at the following sites: Leu49-Val50, Asp68-Ala69, Phe93-Phe94. | two additional cleavage sites near the amino terminus of betaA4, Glu-3-Val-2 and Glu3-Phe4, were observed, indicating that cathepsin D cleavage of betaAPP is influenced by the structural integrity of the substrate. Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261767 TAF8 protein Q7Z7C8 UNIPROT TFIID complex SIGNOR-C343 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27096372 t miannu "The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) plays a central role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription by nucleating pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly at the core promoter. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associated factors (TAF1-13), which specifically interact with a variety of core promoter DNA sequences." SIGNOR-263927 COLEC11 protein Q9BWP8 UNIPROT MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20956340 t lperfetto "On the basis of the significant concentration of CL-11 in circulation and CL-11's interaction with various microorganisms and MASP-1 and/or MASP-3, it is conceivable that CL-11 plays a role in activation of the complement system and in the defense against invading microorganisms." SIGNOR-263409 NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 11956291 f "IRF4 synergizes with NFATc2 and the IL-4-inducing transcription factor, c-maf, to augment IL-4 promoter activity as well as to elicit significant levels of endogenous IL-4 production" SIGNOR-254502 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PDE4D protein Q08499 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10828059 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q08499-4" llicata "The short pde4d1 isoenzyme is activated by erk2 phosphorylation this signifies that erk2 phosphorylated pde4d1 at a single site, ser491, that is cognate to the single erk2 phosphorylation site (ser579) found in pde4d3." SIGNOR-77559 "BRCA1-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C298 SIGNOR G1/S_transition_checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH147 SIGNOR up-regulates 25400280 f lperfetto "Another BRCA1 complex, the BRCA1–B complex containing BRCA1/TopBP1 and BACH1 (also known and BRIP1/FANCJ) has been reported to play a role in HR and S‐phase cell cycle arrest. The exact role of this complex in HR remains unclear, although it is assumed that BACH1, a DNA helicase, contributes to end resection (possibly through its helicase activity) and RPA loading, whereas TopBP1 is required for ATR activation and subsequent S‐phase checkpoint activation" SIGNOR-263225 alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI EEF1A:GTP:aa-tRNA complex SIGNOR-C493 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 8722040 t miannu "The mechanism of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) catalyzed aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) binding to the A site of the ribosome was studied. Two types of complexes of EF-Tu with GTP and aa-tRNA, EF-Tu.GTP-aa-tRNA (ternary) and (EF-Tu.GTP)2.aa-tRNA (quinternary), can be formed in vitro depending on the conditions." SIGNOR-270808 FRZB protein Q92765 UNIPROT WNT8A protein Q9H1J5 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000671 9326585 t gcesareni "We and others demonstrated that fzb-1 blocks wnt-1 and xwnt-8 signaling in xenopus embryos," SIGNOR-51798 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 10973958 f lperfetto "NF-kB-, AP-1-, and Smad3-driven promoters all require p300/CREB-binding protein for their transactivation. Previous studies have suggested that NF-kB- and AP-1-driven promoters can be inhibited by competitive recruitment of coactivators such as p300/CPB to other unrelated promoters. We hypothesized that NF-kB and AP-1 compete with Smad3 for limiting quantities of p300. This hypothesis predicts that added p300 should alleviate TGF-b1/Smad3-mediated inhibition of inflammatory genes. Conversely, increasing doses of TGF-b1/Smad3 would compete away even overexpressed p300 from NF-kB/AP- 1-driven promoters." SIGNOR-249554 CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 23015759 f miannu "Through alternative splicing, a single CTTNBP2 gene encodes three different transcripts, namely short (S), long (L), and intron forms. The interaction with cortactin is required for the function of CTTNBP2-S in dendritic spine formation because the CTTNBP2-S mutant, which no longer interacts with cortactin, is unable to rescue the spine defects resulting from CTTNBP2 knockdown. Thus CTTNBP2-S may control cortactin–F-actin cytoskeletons and regulate the formation and maintenance of dendritic spines in neurons." SIGNOR-261696 MARK2 protein Q7KZI7 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser155 FPLRKTVsEPNLKLR 9606 16980613 t lperfetto "We further show that emk and c-tak1 phosphorylate class iia hdacs on one of their multiple 14-3-3 binding sites and alter their subcellular localization and repressive function" SIGNOR-149583 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr530 FTSTEPQyQPGENL 9606 9261115 t "To determine whether the COOH-terminal or other phosphotyrosine residues within Src are subject to dephosphorylation by SHP-1, the effects of this phosphatase on Src tyrosine phosphorylation were initially examined using CNBr cleavage analysis. As illustrated in Fig.1 A, CNBr treatment of 32P-labeled human Src has been shown previously to yield phosphorylated cleavage fragments of about 31, 9.7, and 4.7 kDa, which, respectively, contain the Src NH2-terminal region encompassing the major sites for serine phosphorylation on Src, Ser-12 and Ser-17 (31-kDa fragment), the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation site, Tyr-530 (4.7-kDa fragment), and a key site for autophosphorylation on activated Src, Tyr-419 [} These observations, together with the finding of reduced Src activity in HEY cells expressing a dominant negative form of SHP-1, provide compelling evidence that SHP-1 functions include the positive regulation of Src activation." SIGNOR-248473 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT BICD1 protein Q96G01 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser585 SEPVAKEsTEASKEP 9606 BTO:0000567 17139249 t miannu "Therefore, at least Ser585 and Thr597 in BICD1 are important phosphorylation sites for BICD1 to exert its functions, and GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation is required for the interaction of BICD1 with dynein." SIGNOR-262743 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser386 DDKITQAsQSQESED 9606 BTO:0000007 19816404 t lperfetto "These data indicate that atm is responsible for directly phosphorylating s386 and s429 after dna damagemdm2 phosphorylation inhibits p53 poly ubiquitination" SIGNOR-188408 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PLSCR1 protein O15162 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr74 PVYNQPVyNQPVGAA 9606 12871937 t lperfetto "Plscr1 is phosphorylated by c-src, within the tandem repeat sequence 68vynqpvynqp77.|The EGF-mediated Interaction between PLSCR1 and Shc Requires Phosphorylation of Tyr69 and Tyr74 in PLSCR1" SIGNOR-103773 SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT GRAP protein Q13588 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 8995379 t gcesareni "T cell activation effects an increase in grap association with p36/38, shc, sos, and dynamin." SIGNOR-45528 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRAF7 protein Q6Q0C0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271096 STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23132946 f irozzo "We then showed that ectopic expression of MLL fusion genes in both human and mouse normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells could significantly down-regulate endogenous expression of miR-495 and that the depletion of MLL fusions resulted in the up-regulation of miR-495. Thus, our data suggest that there is an MLL-fusion–mediated negative regulation of the production of miR-495 in hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-255885 heme smallmolecule CHEBI:30413 ChEBI FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31257023 t "Here, we show that heme triggers the degradation of Bach1, a pro-metastatic transcription factor, by promoting its interaction with the ubiquitin ligase Fbxo22." SIGNOR-259332 PLAT protein P00750 UNIPROT PLG protein P00747 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 1447176 t lperfetto "The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin can occur by several different mechanisms, but it appears that the most important in uiuo activator is tPA (2). tPA, M, = 70,000, is present in plasma as a single-chain serine protease, but proteolytic cleavage of the Agr275-Ile276 bond in tPA by plasmin yields a disulfide-linked two-chain enzyme" SIGNOR-263533 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1276 GGGPGGDyAAMGACP 9606 BTO:0000150 7929151 t lperfetto "The erbb3 protein which possesses little or no intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activiity is phosphorylated by the activated egf receptor protein tyrosine kinase on tyrosine residues within the yxxm sequence motif. These phosphorylated tyrosine residues interact with the p85 regulatory subunit of pi 3-kinase, which could result in the activation of the p110 catalytic subunit via a conformational mechanism." SIGNOR-34748 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SEC63 protein Q9UGP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser748 DSEGFEDsFEEEEEE 9606 BTO:0000599 23287549 t lperfetto "Sec63 was identified as a novel substrate and binding partner of protein kinase CK2. We identified serine 574, serine 576 and serine 748 as CK2 phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of Sec63 by CK2 enhanced its binding to Sec62." SIGNOR-265271 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Thr455 ALGTPVLtPPTEAAS 9606 15538382 t lperfetto "Upon treatment of cells with h2o2, the small gtpase ral is activated and this results in a jnk-dependent phosphorylation of foxo4 on threonine 447 and threonine 451. This ral-mediated, jnk-dependent phosphorylation is involved in the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of foxo4 after h2o2 treatment." SIGNOR-252965 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 20179209 t lperfetto "Pkcs phosphorylate bad under in vitro conditions, and the association of phosphorylated bad with pkc-mu or pkc-epsilon, as shown by immunoprecipitation, indicated direct involvement of pkcs in bad phosphorylation. To confirm these results, cells overexpressing pegfp-n1, wt-bad, or bad with a single site mutated (ser112ala;ser136ala;ser155ala), two sites mutated (ser(112/136)ala;ser(112/155)ala;ser(136/155)ala), or the triple mutant were tested. Igf-i protected completely against rapamycin-induced apoptosis in cells overexpressing wt-bad and mutants having either one or two sites of phosphorylation mutated" SIGNOR-163924 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT WNT1 protein P04628 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001321 23913826 t Luana "Interestingly, our data showed that ERG drastically induced Wnt ligand gene expression." SIGNOR-261597 H2AC4 protein P04908 UNIPROT "CENP-A nucleosome" complex SIGNOR-C321 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 23324462 t miannu "In vitro assembly of both yeast and human CENP-A nucleosomes yields standard octameric structures containing two copies each of CENP-A, H2A, H2B and H4 histones. Human CENP-A also produces rigidified homotypic CENP-A/H4 tetramers in vitro." SIGNOR-263700 GNG12 protein Q9UBI6 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000586 16293724 t gcesareni "We show that pge2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (g protein)coupled receptor, ep2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase akt by free g protein bg subunits and the direct association of the g protein as subunit with the regulator of g protein signaling (rgs) domain of axin." SIGNOR-141795 lurasidone chemical CHEBI:70735 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10030 20404009 t Luana "Lurasidone was found to have potent binding affinity for dopamine D2, 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A), 5-HT7, 5-HT1A, and noradrenaline 2C receptors." SIGNOR-259465 FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr585 PPGLEYCyNPSHNPE 10116 BTO:0002809;BTO:0001009 8622701 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of six additional autophosphorylation sites (y-463, y-583, y-585, y-653, y-654 and y-730) on fgfr1.We have proposed that the role of the third stage of autophosphorylation is to enable the efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of substrate proteins that are physically bound to the receptor molecule by a maximally activated fgfr1" SIGNOR-236187 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF185 protein Q96GF1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271213 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT B2M protein P61769 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12480693 f miannu "Here we show that upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) and USF2 bind to the E box and regulate beta(2)m transactivation." SIGNOR-254655 N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine chemical CHEBI:92386 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258923 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR WWC1 protein Q8IX03 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr929 STIIRSKtFSPGPQS 9606 BTO:0000149 24269383 t llicata "Moreover, we found that rsk1/2 specifically phosphorylates kibra at two highly conserved sites (thr(929) and ser(947)) in vitro and in cells. Rsk-mediated phosphorylation is required for kibra binding to rsk1, but not rsk2." SIGNOR-252810 RAB6A protein P20340 UNIPROT VPS13B protein Q7Z7G8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 25492866 t miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. We show that COH1 forms a physical and functional complex with RAB6. Our results point to a role of COH1 as a RAB6 effector protein. Depletion of COH1 leads to decreased neurite outgrowth in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. These results establish a critical role for RAB6-dependent function of COH1 in neuritogenesis by regulating Golgi complex organization." SIGNOR-266869 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT COX5B protein P10606 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000443 23021218 f lperfetto "PGC1a is known to drive the expression of many genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including cytochrome c (CytC) and the cyto- chrome C oxidative (COX) subunits (CoxIII, Cox4il, Cox5b, Cox7a, and Cox8b)." SIGNOR-253099 EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT EPHA5 protein P54756 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9576626 t tpavlidou "Ephrin-a1 binds and activates the tyrosine kinase activity of eph-a2, and has a dissociation constant of 20_30 nm. ephrin-a1 interacts with all the other epha subclass receptors as well, although with different affinity" SIGNOR-56910 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT DROSHA protein Q9NRR4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser302 RDNRRSPsLERSYKK -1 25699712 t lperfetto "Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of Drosha at multiple sites including S300 promotes its translocation to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, GSK3beta can phosphorylate Drosha at S300 and S302 in vitro. This has been reported to promote the nuclear localization of Drosha under basal condition (Tang et al., 2011). Thus, it appears that phosphorylation of S300 by GSK3beta and p38 MAPK is involved in opposing processes. " SIGNOR-264846 CABIN1 protein Q9Y6J0 UNIPROT "HIRA complex 1" complex SIGNOR-C461 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30285846 t miannu "H3.3 is an ancient and conserved H3 variant and plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation. HIRA complex, which is composed of HIRA, UBN1 or UBN2, and Cabin1, is a H3.3 specific chaperone complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the UBN1 or UBN2 subunit is mainly responsible for specific recognition and direct binding of H3.3 by the HIRA complex." SIGNOR-269435 tolazoline chemical CHEBI:28502 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258914 GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 22179044 t gcesareni "Notably, the fzd7 receptor complex was associated with g_?(s) and pi(3)k and these components were required for wnt7a to activate the akt/mtor growth pathway in myotubes. These data led us to hypothesize that g_?s Mediates the activation of pi3kinase following wnt7a binding to fzd7." SIGNOR-191561 GPR183 protein P32249 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257110 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr576 NSCRSSTtTCPEQDF 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249300 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT SLC4A2 protein P04920 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000269 22228178 f "Cellular and molecular experiments indicated that AE2 expression promoted proliferation of colon cancer cells. In addition, we found that transcription factor EGR1 underlies AE2 upregulation and the AE2 sequester p16INK4a (P16) in the cytoplasm of colon cancer cells" SIGNOR-254250 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 QARPGPQsPGSPLEE 9606 BTO:0000130 17217339 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the cytosolic factor p47phox is essential for activation of the nadph oxidase.These results strongly support the observation that irak-4 is a kinase for p47phox in vivo. We also detected the signature of phosphorylation at ser320 and ser345" SIGNOR-152019 C5AR2 protein Q9P296 UNIPROT Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 1847994 f lperfetto "The C5a receptor mediates the pro-inflammatory and chemotactic actions of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a. In addition to stimulating chemotaxis, granule enzyme release and superoxide anion production, this receptor stimulates upregulation of expression and activity of the adhesion molecule MAC-1, and of CR1, and a decrease in cell-surface glycoprotein 100MEL-14 on neutrophils." SIGNOR-263461 NTN1 protein O95631 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 443947 BTO:0001036 16980963 t miannu "Netrin-1 induces β-actin translation driven by its 3’UTR." SIGNOR-268161 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 18074631 f lperfetto "In fact, experiments with either genetic knockouts or RNAi for the PGC1s show that the ability of ROS to induce a ROS scavenging programme depends entirely on the PGC1s. This includes genes encoding mitochondrial proteins like SOD2, but also includes cytoplasmic proteins such as catalase and GPX1. Cells lacking PGC1alpha are hypersensitive to death from oxidative stress caused by H2O2 or paraquat." SIGNOR-253395 FANCM protein Q8IYD8 UNIPROT TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 20372056 t gcesareni "The enzymatic activity of fan cm is then required to remodel and stabilize the fork to allow topbp1 access to activate atr , in a 9-1-1-independent manner." SIGNOR-164765 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9204951 f miannu "UVB light induces GTP-CH.-1 to increase the de novo synthesis of 6-BH4 in association with a concomitant increase in PAH activities, thus providing more L-tyrosine." SIGNOR-252206 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr740 TGESDGGyMDMSKDE -1 7545675 t "Upon activation, the βPDGFR is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine residues and thereby becomes a docking site for SH2-domain-containing signal transduction proteins.|While all phosphotyrosine sites on the βPDGFR are equally good targets for rPTP1B, maps of the βPDGFR dephosphorylated by rSyp showed that rSyp had a distinct preference for certain sites (Fig. 4 D-F). The low dose of rSyp primarily dephosphorylated spots 1, 6, 7, 9, and to a lesser extent 8a|Spot 1 corresponds to tyrosine 751; spot 3 corresponds to tyrosine 1009; spot 6 corresponds to tyrosine 740; spot 8b corresponds to tyrosine 1021; spot 9 corresponds to tyrosine 771, and spots 2, 7, and 8a are as yet unidentified phosphopeptides" SIGNOR-248413 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT MYL9 protein P24844 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 8702756 t miannu "Here we found that Rho-kinase stoichiometrically phosphorylated myosin light chain (MLC). Peptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analyses revealed that the primary phosphorylation site of MLC by Rho-kinase was Ser-19, which is the site phosphorylated by MLC kinase. Rho-kinase phosphorylated recombinant MLC, whereas it failed to phosphorylate recombinant MLC, which contained Ala substituted for both Thr-18 and Ser-19. We also found that the phosphorylation of MLC by Rho-kinase resulted in the facilitation of the actin activation of myosin ATPase." SIGNOR-261708 MORF4L1 protein Q9UBU8 UNIPROT Sin3B_complex complex SIGNOR-C409 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21041482 t miannu "We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. Sin3B, Pf1, Mrg15, and HDAC1 associate within a stable complex that binds H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched nucleosomes. We identify mammalian Pf1, a PHD finger protein, as a homologue of Rco1, and show that all four components, Sin3B, HDAC1, Mrg15, and Pf1, can form a stable complex, which is recruited downstream of the transcriptional start site through complex interactions with histones. these results indicate that the Pf1/Sin3B-containing complex is recruited at discrete sites within actively transcribed loci, likely through its interaction with H3K4me3/H3K36me3-enriched chromatin. our data suggest that the tethering of HDAC1, as part of this complex, to these loci promotes histone deacetylation within the coding region and prevents uncontrolled RNAP II progression at transcribed loci." SIGNOR-266966 HARS1 protein P12081 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270803 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide chemical CHEBI:92401 ChEBI HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-257998 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 14967450 t gcesareni "All erbb ligands and receptors couple to activation of the ras-mapk pathway, either directly through sh2 domain-mediated recruitment of grb-2 or indirectly through ptb domain-mediated binding of the shc adaptor" SIGNOR-121968 CNTF protein P26441 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9143707 t gcesareni "Stimulation of cells with the interleukin-6 family of cytokines triggers homo- or hetero-dimerization of gp130. The dimerization of gp130 leads to activation of associated cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and subsequent modification of transcription factors. Some of these biological activities of il-6 are also often exerted by other cytokines, i.e. Il-11, lif, osm, cntf, and ct-2." SIGNOR-47991 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser358 WPLSRTRsEPLPPSA 9606 BTO:0000782 15623513 t lperfetto "Protein kinase d1 (pkd1) was activated after tcr engagement, interacted with hdac7, and phosphorylated three serines (ser155, ser318, and ser448) at its n terminus, leading to its export from the nucleus." SIGNOR-132898 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr1224 RYVPPSStDRSPYEK 9606 11877440 t gcesareni "We show that phosphorylation of muc1 by pkcdelta increases binding of muc1 and beta-catenin in vitro and in vivo. The functional significance of the muc1-pkcdelta interaction is further supported by the demonstration that mutation of the pkcdelta phosphorylation site abrogates muc1-mediated decreases in binding of beta-catenin to e-cadherin" SIGNOR-115501 PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" 10116 21798082 f lperfetto "Phosphorylated irs then acts as docking site to recruit and activate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k) which phosphorylates membrane phospholipids, generating phosphoinositide-3,4,5-triphosphate (pip3) from phosphoinositide-4,5-biphosphate. (pip2)." SIGNOR-175678 WWTR1 protein Q9GZV5 UNIPROT TTF1 protein Q15361 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000763 19010321 t miannu "Taz is a coactivator for pax8 and ttf-1, two transcription factors involved in thyroid differentiation. / we show that this interaction leads to a significant enhancement of the transcriptional activity of pax8 and ttf-1 on the thyroglobulin promoter thus suggesting a role of taz in the control of genes involved in thyroid development and differentiation." SIGNOR-182296 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr753 ERDINSLyDVSRMYV 9606 BTO:0000776 11507089 t lperfetto "These findings indicate that the phosphorylations of the tyrosine residues 753, 759, 1197, and 1217, which have been identified as btk-dependent phosphorylation sites in vitro, coordinately contribute to bcr-induced activation of plcgamma2." SIGNOR-109754 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Asn-tRNA(Asn) smallmolecule CHEBI:29265 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269506 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser368 PNPSTSAsPKKSPPP 9606 17488717 t gcesareni "Here, we demonstrate that sirt2 is phosphorylated both in vitro and in vivo on serine 368 by the cell-cycle regulator, cyclin-dependent kinase 1. Overexpression of sirt2 mediates a delay in cellular proliferation that is dependent on serine 368 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-154681 ZNF804A protein Q7Z570 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23434502 t miannu "ZNF804A has been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia by several genome-wide association studies (GWAS), follow-up association studies and meta-analyses. ZNF804A was identified as a schizophrenia-associated gene by GWAS and was predicted to play a role in DNA binding and transcription To identify the genes that are affected by ZNF804A, we manipulated the expression of the ZNF804A protein in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell lines and performed a cDNA microarray analysis followed by qPCR. We found that ZNF804A-overexpression up-regulated four genes (ANKRD1, INHBE, PIK3AP1, and DDIT3) and down-regulated three genes (CLIC2, MGAM, and BIRC3)." SIGNOR-269464 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000876 25624455 t miannu "PTKs of the JAK and SRC families have a regulatory role in LFA-1 affinity triggering, with JAKs showing a positive role (3), whereas SRCs possibly have a negative role." SIGNOR-254740 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000093 18490760 t gcesareni "Insulin activation of mtor requires akt in a manner that involves ikkalpha, preferentially to ikkbeta, and tsc2 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-178664 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1717 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248775 EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT Arg-tRNA(Arg) smallmolecule CHEBI:18366 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269525 SLC1A3 protein P43003 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26687113 t miannu "After release from presynaptic nerve terminals, glutamate is quickly removed from the synaptic cleft by a family of five glutamate transporters, the so-called excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-5). In glia or in neurons, EAATs mediate the re-uptake of synaptically released glutamate via the coupled co-transport of three Na+, one H+, and one glutamate, in counter-transport to one K+." SIGNOR-264802 OSM protein P13725 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 9143707 t gcesareni "Stimulation of cells with the interleukin-6 family of cytokines triggers homo- or hetero-dimerization of gp130. The dimerization of gp130 leads to activation of associated cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and subsequent modification of transcription factors. Some of these biological activities of il-6 are also often exerted by other cytokines, i.e. Il-11, lif, osm, cntf, and ct-2." SIGNOR-48114 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT SUPT5H protein O00267 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr791 TPMYGSQtPLQDGSR 9606 16427012 t lperfetto "We describe an evolutionarily conserved repetitive heptapeptide motif (consensus = g-s-r/q-t-p) in the c-terminal region (ctr) of hspt5, which, like the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rna pol ii, is highly phosphorylated by p-tefb. Thr-4 residues of the ctr repeats are functionally important phosphorylation sites. In vitro, thr-4 phosphorylation is critical for the elongation activation activity of dsif" SIGNOR-143931 GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 11043767 t lperfetto "We have shown that gab1 colocalizes pi3k with sh2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (ship) and shp2, two enzymes that regulate pi3k-dependent signaling. The src homology 2 (sh2) domain of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) regulatory subunit binds gab1 in a phosphorylation-independent manner. Moreover, the regulatory subunit of pi3k can mediate the association of gab1 and receptor protein-tyrosine kinases including the insulin, egf, and ngf receptors, all of which phosphorylate gab1." SIGNOR-252676 ATG101 protein Q9BSB4 UNIPROT ATG13 protein O75143 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 19597335 t gcesareni "Furthermore, atg101 is important for the stability and basal phosphorylation of atg13 and ulk1" SIGNOR-186989 Kisspeptin-10 smallmolecule CHEBI:80307 ChEBI KISS1R protein Q969F8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257527 MED24 protein O75448 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266666 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256915 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22114683 f Giorgia "Our study demonstrated the direct anti-inflammatory role of MFG-E8 in terms of attenuating TNF-α production in mouse peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS" SIGNOR-260650 PDP1 protein Q9P0J1 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser232 NRYGMGTsVERAAAS -1 7782287 t "Sites 1, 2, and 3 were dephosphorylated either individually or in the presence of the other sites by the phospho-E1-phosphatase resulting in complete reactivation of the E1. The rates of dephosphorylation and reactivation were similar for sites 1, 2, and 3, indicating a random dephosphorylation mechanism" SIGNOR-252055 KCND3 protein Q9UK17 UNIPROT potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 24762397 t miannu "Kv4.3 belongs to voltage activated (Kv) K+ channel, mammalian Shal-related family. It is encoded by KCND3 gene and expressed in heart, brain and smooth muscle. Transient outward K+ current (I(to)) plays a crucial role in the early phase of cardiac action potential repolarization. Kv4.3 K(+) channel is an important component of I(to). The function and expression of Kv4.3 K(+) channel decrease in variety of heart diseases, especially in heart hypertrophy/heart failure." SIGNOR-265657 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004136 10208431 t miannu "The AML1/ETO fusion protein is essential to the development of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is well recognized for its dominant-negative effect on the coexisting wild-type protein AML1. On physical interaction, AML1/ETO can form a complex with wild-type AML1 on chromatin, and the runt homology domain of both proteins are responsible for their interactions. More importantly, the relative binding signals of AML1 and AML1/ETO on chromatin determine which genes are repressed or activated by AML1/ETO. Further analysis of coregulators indicates that AML1/ETO transactivates gene expression through recruiting AP-1 to the AML1/ETO-AML1 complex. AML1/ETO transactivates gene expression through recruiting AP-1 to the AML1/ETO-AML1 complex" SIGNOR-260094 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20626350 t gcesareni "Neverthless, some transcription factors, such as e47, er81, srf and creb are also phosphorylated by mk2" SIGNOR-166625 BRAP protein Q7Z569 UNIPROT USP15 protein Q9Y4E8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23105109 t miannu "Here we report on a novel interaction between the E3 ligase BRAP (also referred to as IMP), a negative regulator of the MAPK scaffold protein KSR, and two closely related deubiquitylases, USP15 and USP4. USP15 as well as USP4 oppose the autoubiquitylation of BRAP, whereas BRAP promotes the ubiquitylation of USP15." SIGNOR-272029 "UVB radiation" stimulus SIGNOR-ST17 SIGNOR cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol smallmolecule CHEBI:17759 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001253 30080183 t lperfetto "Ultraviolet radiation results in the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to pre-vitamin D, which isomerizes to vitamin D in the skin" SIGNOR-270563 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000165 12063245 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Consensus phosphorylation sites for p42/44 MAPK and GSK-3 are present in the SP repeat of MCIP1 at serine 112 and serine 108, respectively |Several endogenous proteins are capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of calcineurin. Modulatory calcineurin interacting protein 1 (MCIP1) is unique among these proteins on the basis of its pattern of expression and its function in a negative feedback loop to regulate calcineurin activity. Here we show that MCIP1 can be phosphorylated by MAPK and glycogen synthase kinase-3 and that phosphorylated MCIP1 is a substrate for calcineurin." SIGNOR-270149 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser429 PQRERKSsSSSEDRN 10116 BTO:0001009 11510412 t "The in vitro phosphorylation of a site unique to B-Raf (Ser429) has been proposed to be responsible for the negative regulation of the isoenzyme by Akt. Using phosphopetide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis we showed that Ser429 is phosphorylated upon cAMP elevation in PC12 cells and proposed that PKA is a major kinase phosphorylating the B-Raf-specific site in vivo" SIGNOR-259922 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT B-Lymphocyte_diff phenotype SIGNOR-PH113 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 10203717 f "PU.1 regulates the expression of several genes, including those encoding immunoglobulins, receptors and enzymes. The expression of these genes is crucial for macrophage and B-cell differentiation and for the functional activity of neutrophils." SIGNOR-259955 TNFSF13 protein O75888 UNIPROT TNFRSF17 protein Q02223 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 10973284 t gcesareni "April is involved in stimulation of b and t cell function. April functions via binding to bcma and taci and competes with tall-i for receptor binding." SIGNOR-81386 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189993 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser124 PALKRSHsDSLDHDI 9606 11298456 t Manara "We conclude that Chk2-dependent phosphorylation of Cdc25A on Ser 123 represents a critical step in promoting its rapid destruction in response to IR-induced DNA damage." SIGNOR-260778 RBMX2 protein Q9Y388 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270674 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RHOU protein Q7L0Q8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr254 SKSWWKKyCCFV 9606 BTO:0002552 20547754 t miannu "Regulation of the Rho family small GTPase Wrch-1/RhoU by C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation requires Src. Phosphorylation at Y254 negatively regulates Wrch-1-mediated biological functions.Serum-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and relocalization of Wrch-1 decreases its activation of downstream effectors in a Y254-dependent manner." SIGNOR-259814 PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257387 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ORC2 protein Q13416 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr226 SAPVGKEtPSKRMKR 9606 22334659 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-116 and thr-226 of orc2 occurs by cyclin-dependent kinase during the s phase and is maintained until the m phase. Phosphorylation of orc2 at thr-116 and thr-226 dissociated the orc2-5 from chromatin." SIGNOR-196048 STK25 protein O00506 UNIPROT CCM2 protein Q9BSQ5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser384 GRGIITDsFGRHRRA 9606 BTO:0001757 22782892 t miannu "CCM2 can be phosphorylated by STK25, and the kinase activity of STK25 is required for death signaling." SIGNOR-263144 DLL4 protein Q9NR61 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 16140393 t lperfetto "Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate choice during development with Delta and Jagged constituting the two evolutionary conserved families of Notch ligands. These ligands are transmembrane proteins with conserved biochemical structure that share their receptors and signal through a common mechanism. Upon ligand binding Notch receptors are proteoliticaly cleaved, the intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) is released and translocated to the nucleus, where it activates target genes. In mammals, four receptors and five ligands have been described. Delta-1, Delta-3 and Delta-4 are homologues to Drosophila Delta and Jagged-1 and Jagged-2 to Drosophila Serrate." SIGNOR-209735 ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15351 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19286649 t miannu "ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using citrate, CoA, and ATP as substrates and Mg(2+) as a necessary cofactor." SIGNOR-267103 IRAK1 protein P51617 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12242293 t lperfetto "We now find that the phosphorylated IRAK in turn recruits TRAF6 to the receptor complex (complex I), which differs from the previous concept that IRAK interacts with TRAF6 after it leaves the receptor. IRAK then brings TRAF6 to TAK1" SIGNOR-92994 ADA protein P00813 UNIPROT ADORA1 protein P30542 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 18680557 t miannu "The results show that human ADA, apart from reducing the adenosine concentration and thus preventing A(1)R desensitization, binds to A(1)R behaving as an allosteric effector that markedly enhances agonist affinity and increases receptor functionality." SIGNOR-269105 PCSK7 protein Q16549 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11333986 t gcesareni "We propose that regulation of cdc25b phosphorylation by p38 is a critical event for initiating the g2/m checkpoint after ultraviolet radiation" SIGNOR-107423 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol smallmolecule CHEBI:62746 ChEBI "coenzyme A(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57287 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 18772128 t miannu "The cycle of deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids plays a critical role in regulating availability of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. The major yeast lysophospholipid acyltransferase, Ale1p, is related to mammalian membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) proteins. MBOAT7 is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase with remarkable specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA. MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 are particularly susceptible to inhibition by thimerosal. Human neutrophils express mRNA for these four enzymes, and neutrophil microsomes incorporate arachidonoyl chains into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, PS, and phosphatidylethanolamine in a thimerosal-sensitive manner. These results strongly implicate MBOAT5 and MBOAT7 in arachidonate recycling, thus regulating free arachidonic acid levels and leukotriene synthesis in neutrophils." SIGNOR-268105 CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 10604467 t "Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is required for proper development of the mammalian central nervous system. To be activated, Cdk5 has to associate with its regulatory subunit, p35. We have found that p25, a truncated form of p35, accumulates in neurons in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This accumulation correlates with an increase in Cdk5 kinase activity. Unlike p35, p25 is not readily degraded, and binding of p25 to Cdk5 constitutively activates Cdk5, changes its cellular location and alters its substrate specificity." SIGNOR-268153 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser12 LASDFAFsPPPGGGG 9606 BTO:0001086 31306665 t lperfetto "Here, we combined molecular and cellular biology with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering to pinpoint the function of serine 12 of OCT4 in ESCs. Using chemical inhibitors and an antibody specific to OCT4 phosphorylated on S12, we identified cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 7 as upstream kinase. |Phosphorylation of OCT4 on S12 has been previously implicated to stabilize OCT4 by binding to PIN1, thereby preventing ubiquitinylation by WWP2." SIGNOR-264404 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR POU5F1 protein Q01860 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser12 LASDFAFsPPPGGGG -1 31306665 t lperfetto "Recently, Liu et al. [3] identified CyclinE/CDK2 to be the kinase phosphorylating OCT4 on serine 12 (S12), serine 355 (S355) and threonine 322 (T322) by elegantly combining genetics and biochemistry. Knockout of all five G1 cyclins (D1, D2, D3, E1 and E2) in mESCs (coined Q-KO cells) and consequent inactivation of CDK2/4/ 6 leads to perturbation of the pluripotent state and to the adaption of the trophectoderm cell fate. This was attributed to reduced phosphorylation of OCT4 (as well as SOX2 and NANOG) leading to an increase of protein turnover [3]." SIGNOR-264437 ZNHIT1 protein O43257 UNIPROT H2AZ1 protein P0C0S5 UNIPROT unknown 9606 BTO:0000887 20473270 f gcesareni "The chromatin-remodelling complex snf2-related cbp activator protein (srcap) regulates chromatin structure in yeast by modulating the exchange of histone h2a for the h2a.z variant. We also show that p18hamlet is required for h2a.z accumulation into this genomic region and for subsequent muscle gene transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-165610 L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9913 11254391 t miannu "Glutamate dehydrogenase is found in all organisms and catalyses the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate." SIGNOR-266915 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GTF2A1L protein Q9UNN4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser423 LNSGDDVsEQDVPDL -1 12107178 t llicata "ALF was able to stabilize the binding of TBP to DNA, but it could not stabilize TBP mutants A184E, N189E, E191R, and R205E nor could it facilitate binding of the TBP-like factor TRF2/TLF to a consensus TATA element. However, phosphorylation of ALF with casein kinase II resulted in the partial restoration of complex formation using mutant TBPs. | Because the residues involved (Ser-280, Ser-281, Ser-316, and Ser-321) are conserved in ALF (Ser-356, Ser-357, Ser-418, and Ser-423), we tested whether its activity might also be affected by this modification. We first showed that ALF and TFIIAα/β polypeptides incubated with casein kinase II and [γ-32P]ATP could be labeled." SIGNOR-250873 solifenacin chemical CHEBI:135530 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 21524581 t Luana "The IC50 values for solifenacin, YM-46303, tiotropium bromide and ipratropium bromide were also determined for reference" SIGNOR-258313 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR IL18 protein Q14116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp71 PLFEDMTdSDCRDNA 9606 BTO:0001370 9334240 t lperfetto "We also found two precursor hIL-18 (prohIL-18)-processing activities in the cytosol of THP.1 cells. These activities were blocked separately by the caspase inhibitors Ac-YVAD-CHO and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Further analyses of the partially purified enzymes revealed that one is caspase-1, which cleaves prohIL-18 at the Asp36-Tyr37 site to generate the mature hIL-18, and the other is caspase-3, which cleaves both precursor and mature hIL-18 at Asp71-Ser72 and Asp76-Asn77 to generate biologically inactive products." SIGNOR-256378 HIF1AN protein Q9NWT6 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates hydroxylation Asn2022 INSHADVnAVDDLGK 9606 18299578 t gcesareni "We show that fih-1 hydroxylates notch icd at two residues (n(1945) and n(2012)) that are critical for the function of notch icd as a transactivator within cells and during neurogenesis and myogenesis in vivo. Fih-1 negatively regulates notch activity and accelerates myogenic differentiation." SIGNOR-161061 "phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37328 ChEBI GSN protein P06396 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000132 12788695 t lperfetto "We further measured the ability of ppIs phosphorylated in positions D-3 and D-4 to release the F-actin capping proteins CapZ and gelsolin from OG-permeabilized platelets (Fig. 7A). Ten percent of platelet CapZ and gelsolin is found in the OG-insoluble fraction (4). PI3,4,5P3 and PI3,4P2 release both CapZ and gelsolin from these preparations." SIGNOR-261841 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr577 YMEDSTYyKASKGKL 9606 15735019 t miannu "Surprisingly, we found that expression of SrcMF or Src251 resulted in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK on Tyr(407), Tyr(576), Tyr(577), and Tyr(861), which are considered to be Src kinase substrates" SIGNOR-134212 LHX3 protein Q9UBR4 UNIPROT ISL1 protein P61371 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9452425 t miannu "The Lhx3-Isl1 C terminus interaction was dependent on the LIM domains of Lhx3. The combinatorial expression of the LIM homeodomain proteins Isl1, Isl2, Lhx1, and Lhx3 in subsets of developing motor neurons correlates with the future organization of these neurons into motor columns with distinct innervation targets, implying a functional role for LIM homeodomain protein combinations in the specification of neuronal identity" SIGNOR-220169 POMT complex SIGNOR-C372 SIGNOR DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" glycosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 14699049 t miannu "we showed that coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 (another gene homologous to yeast protein O-mannosyltransferases) was necessary for the enzyme activity, but expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone was insufficient. The requirement of an active enzyme complex of POMT1 and POMT2 suggests that the regulation of protein O-mannosylation is complex. Further, protein O-mannosylation appears to be required for normal structure and function of α-dystroglycan in muscle and brain." SIGNOR-265430 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 20110348 t gcesareni "Pp2a-mediated dephosphorylation of t32/s253 is required for dissociation of 14-3-3, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation of foxo3a." SIGNOR-163688 MET protein P08581 UNIPROT RANBP9 protein Q96S59 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12147692 t gcesareni "Our data suggest that ranbpm, functioning as an adaptor protein for the met tyrosine kinase domain, can augment the hgf-met signaling pathway." SIGNOR-91028 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT MAP4 protein P27816 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser696 PNKELPPsPEKKTKP 9606 BTO:0000567 9398320 t lperfetto "Map4 is phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase in mitotic hela/ phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase decreased the microtubule-stabilizing ability of map4, suggesting that there are critical phosphorylation sites among the five major cdc2 kinase-dependent phosphorylation sites [spots 4 (ser-696), 5, 6, 9, and 10 (ser-787)]." SIGNOR-53735 ARIH1 protein Q9Y4X5 UNIPROT EIF4E2 protein O60573 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14623119 t miannu "Human homologue of Drosophila ariadne (HHARI) is a RING-IBR-RING domain protein identified through its ability to bind the human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UbcH7. Thus, by promoting the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of 4EHP, HHARI may have a role in both protein degradation and protein translation." SIGNOR-268848 TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262714 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser123 EEGFGSSsPVKSPAA 9606 15070733 t gcesareni "We have found also that the major M-phase kinases polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and Cdc2 are responsible for the phosphorylation of S53 and S123, respectively, and that in each case phosphorylation generates an unconventional phospho-degron (signal for degradation) that can be recognized by beta-TrCP" SIGNOR-123824 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR REV1 protein Q9UBZ9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 23287467 t miannu " Here, we show that human REV1 undergoes proteosomal degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase-promoting complex (APC). REV1 associates with APC. Overexpression of APC coactivator CDH1 or CDC20 promotes polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of REV1." SIGNOR-272895 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT PFN1 protein P07737 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser138 MASHLRRsQY 9606 22479341 t lperfetto "We previously identified pfn1 as a huntingtin aggregation inhibitor, and others have implicated it as a tumor-suppressor. Rho-associated kinase (rock) directly phosphorylates pfn1 at ser-137 to prevent its binding to polyproline sequences. This negatively regulates its anti-aggregation activity." SIGNOR-196820 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1672 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203528 RNF123 protein Q5XPI4 UNIPROT CBX1 protein P83916 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 23077635 t miannu "In the present study, we report that HP1α and β undergo proteasomal degradation in lamin A/C knock-down cells and show by ectopic expression, RNAi and binding studies that the RING finger ubiquitin ligase RNF123 is directly involved in HP1 degradation." SIGNOR-272034 SOX2/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C73 SIGNOR LEFTY2 protein O00292 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269251 CSNK1A1 protein P48729 UNIPROT CTPS2 protein Q9NRF8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser568 LSSSDRYsDASDDSF 9606 20739275 t gcesareni "Hctps2 ser(568) was phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 both in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of ser(568) (s568a) significantly increased hctps2 activity, demonstrating that ser(568) is a major inhibitory phosphorylation site." SIGNOR-167623 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268883 CIITA protein P33076 UNIPROT HLA-DPB1 protein P04440 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11889043 f "Promoter-specific functions of CIITA and the MHC class II enhanceosome in transcriptional activation|We compared four genes co-regulated by RFX and CIITA (HLA-DRA, HLA-DPB, HLA-DMB and Ii) and found that the enhanceosome and CIITA make variable, promoter-dependent contributions to histone acetylation and transcription apparatus recruitment." SIGNOR-254006 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BAG3 protein O95817 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr285 GSPARSStPLHSPSP 9606 BTO:0000016 27659916 t miannu "ERK-dependent phosphorylation of BIS following H2O2 treatment." SIGNOR-274071 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21620960 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. In addition, phosphorylation of afx by protein kinase b inhibits its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-252847 SNRPG protein P62308 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270683 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT LETM1 protein O95202 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr192 ILNGHSLtRRERRQF -1 29123128 t lperfetto "Here we demonstrate that PINK1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates LETM1 at Thr192 in vitro.|Phosphorylated LETM1 or the phospho-mimetic LETM1-T192E increase calcium release in artificial liposomes and facilitates calcium transport in intact mitochondria." SIGNOR-262540 ACTL6B protein O94805 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270758 CNOT10 protein Q9H9A5 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268305 RPL36A protein P83881 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262492 P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20153263 t miannu "These data demonstrate that AF4, AF5q31 and ENL associate in an endogenous higher-order complex (hereafter referred to as AEP for the AF4 family/ENL family/P-TEFb complex) containing P-TEFb in hematopoietic lineage cells." SIGNOR-239237 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys373 SSHLKSKkGQSTSRH 9606 BTO:0000567 11070080 t gcesareni "P300 acetylates and activates the tumor suppressor p53 after dna damage." SIGNOR-84070 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258551 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ABI1 protein Q8IZP0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21419341 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "We show that erk colocalizes with the wrc at lamellipodial leading edges and directly phosphorylates two wrc components: wave2 and abi1." SIGNOR-270048 CNOT6 protein Q9ULM6 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268309 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CABYR protein O75952 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr151 PATPKTTtPPSSPPP -1 15752768 t "GSK3β interacts with and phosphorylates CABYR in vitro. GSK3β interacts with and phosphorylates CABYR in vitro. the functional extent of the CABYR phosphorylation sites to participate in cellular processes through GSK3β remains to be investigated." SIGNOR-251224 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr51 SRKLQLKtLLLQIAK 9606 BTO:0000671 18986304 t llicata "Ms analysis indicated that mst1 phosphorylates ctni at thr(31), thr(51), thr(129) and thr(143)." SIGNOR-182061 PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT DYNC1H1 protein Q14204 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000938 11163259 t miannu "We demonstrate that LIS1 directly interacts with the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (CDHC) and NUDEL. LIS1 specifically binds the P1 loop domain of CDHC, while NUDEL binds the C-terminal region as well as a distinct binding site in the P1 loop domain. LIS1 and NUDEL regulate CDHC localization and motor function. Reduction of LIS1 leads to mislocalization of NUDEL, CDHC, β-tubulin, and the Golgi complex" SIGNOR-252158 GPAA1 protein O43292 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32432756 f miannu "GPAA1 may contribute to the malignant progression of childhood ALL via activating c-myc. Luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that overexpression of c-myc remarkably attenuated the Luciferase activity of the wild-type GPAA1 vector without attenuating that of the mutant vector or empty vector, further demonstrating that GPAA1 can be targeted by c-myc." SIGNOR-261240 RHCE protein P18577 UNIPROT "Ankyrin complex" complex SIGNOR-C383 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 22465511 t lperfetto "The ankyrin associated complex brings together proteins of both the band 3 tetrameric complex (band 3, glycophorin A (GPA), protein 4.2, carbonic anhydrase II) and the Rh complex (RhAG, RhCE, RhD, CD47, ICAM-4, glycophorin B (GPB)) " SIGNOR-266022 IL6R protein P08887 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000785 11238858 t gcesareni "Part of the receptor for interleukin 6. Binds to il6 with low affinity, but does not transduce a signal. Signal activation necessitate an association with il6st. Activation may lead to the regulation of the immune response, acute-phase reactions and hematopoiesis." SIGNOR-105504 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser58 VVGARRSsWRVVSSI 9606 BTO:0000007 11956222 t llicata "Ese data indicate that pkb/akt phosphorylates ser-58 on 14-3-3zeta both in vitro and in intact cells. The functional relevance of this phosphorylation remains to be determined." SIGNOR-116587 fexofenadine chemical CHEBI:5050 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257785 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15126506 t lperfetto "We provide evidence that the acetyltransferase creb-binding protein (cbp) binds foxo resulting in acetylation of foxo. This acetylation inhibits foxo transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252894 CyclinD/CDK4 complex SIGNOR-C18 SIGNOR MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21902831 t lperfetto "In contrast to cdk2, cyclin d/cdk4 blocks myod activity through an as yet unclear mechanism that may involve direct binding. Cyclin d/cdk4 can also block the activity of myogenin and all mef2 isoforms." SIGNOR-216960 indometacin chemical CHEBI:49662 ChEBI PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9057869 t miannu "Naproxen had similar activity against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (IC50s of 3.2 and 2.5 μM, respectively), whereas ibuprofen was approximately 100-fold more potent for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.1 μM) than for COX-1 (IC50 = 11 μM), and indomethacin was about 50-fold more potent for COX-1 (IC50 = 0.012 μM) than for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.56 μM)." SIGNOR-258606 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251619 PRKCI protein P41743 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000527 21419810 t lperfetto "In-vitro kinase activity assay showed that pkc-_ directly phosphorylated bad at phospho specific residues, ser-112, ser-136 and ser-155 which in turn induced inactivation of bad and disruption of bad/bcl-xl dimer" SIGNOR-172886 BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 32323266 t scontino "The tyrosine phosphorylation of the ITAM of CD79 promotes the activation of the non-SRC family tyrosine kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), which becomes a key part of a signalosome formed by many other kinases and adaptor proteins. The SYK which is recruited to the phosphorylated CD79- ITAM facilitates the complex formation of B-cell linker protein (BLNK), leading to activation of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK)." SIGNOR-268441 HCFC1 protein P51610 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267165 PTPRB protein P23467 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1356 YVHVNATyVNVKCVA 9606 16101282 t gcesareni "Ptp1b and shp-2 are bound to the c-met receptor to control its activity. Although the binding of ptp1b increases when there is a decrease in c-met activation and acts as a negative regulator of the receptor, the increased binding and phosphorylation of shp-2 coincide with maximal stimulation of c-met, acting as a positive regulator." SIGNOR-139560 TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT diiodine smallmolecule CHEBI:17606 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28153798 t scontino "TPO is considered the key enzyme in thyroid hormonogenesis. It catalyzes the oxidation of iodide that is necessary for the iodinationof the TG tyrosyl residues (the organification reaction)." SIGNOR-266959 SETD5 protein Q9C0A6 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" methylation -1 31515109 t miannu "SETD5 Exhibits Intrinsic Methyltransferase Activity on H3K36. This assay showed that SETD5 has specific histone methyltransferase activity toward K36 but not for other residues such as K4 and K27 (Figure 8B). we revealed that SETD5 is endowed with H3K36 methyltransferase, which is necessary for RNA elongation and processing and, ultimately, correct gene transcription." SIGNOR-265350 NAT10 protein Q9H0A0 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" acetylation Lys120 FLHSGTAkSVTCTYS 9606 BTO:0002552 26882543 t miannu "NAT10 acetylates p53 at K120 and stabilizes p53 by counteracting Mdm2 action. In addition, NAT10 promotes Mdm2 degradation with its intrinsic E3 ligase activity. " SIGNOR-272406 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser287 EPLSPVSsLQASVPG 9606 16027724 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the homeotic tumor suppressor Cdx2 mediates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation|We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylated Cdx2 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-250728 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT DAG1 protein Q14118 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr892 PYRSPPPyVPP 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12795607 t lperfetto "Tyrosine 892 is now thought to be the principal site for recognition by the c-src tyrosine kinase;. We show that upon tyrosine phosphorylation, beta-dystroglycan undergoes a profound change in its sub-cellular localization (e.g., from the plasma membrane to an internal membrane compartment). One possibility is that the net negative charge at position 892 causes the redistribution of beta-dystroglycan to this intracellular vesicular location" SIGNOR-101655 EXT1 protein Q16394 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24860992 f miannu "Decreased Ext1 was shown to reduce the level of Wnt8 and BMP4 signaling and disrupt ventral-specific gene expression. Ext1 function is required for maintenance of normal levels of BMP and wnt, as well as their target genes. In addition, expression of xbra and the establishment of ventral mesoderm depend upon normal levels of Ext1. These findings suggest that ext1-dependent synthesis of HSPG is critical for wnt and BMP signaling, mesodermal identity, and ventral pattern." SIGNOR-264018 RANBP17 protein Q9H2T7 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20503194 t miannu "Yeast two-hybrid, mammalian two-hybrid, and co-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrate specific interaction of e12 with ranbp17, a novel member of the importin-beta superfamily;this interaction maps to the crm1 homology region of ranbp17. Ectopic expression of ranbp17 leads to a approximately 3-fold increase in e2a/myod mediated transactivation of an e-box regulated luciferase reporter gene." SIGNOR-165655 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser158 FVSHSHIsPIKPTEA 9606 19066288 t llicata "We also show that dlg1 is phosphorylated by both cdk1 and cdk2 on ser158 and ser442. These phosphorylated sites together affect the nuclear localisation of the protein, and implicate the role of phosphorylation on ser158 and ser442 in its putative nuclear functions as a tumour suppressor." SIGNOR-182753 GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT α-D-glucosyl-glycogenin complex SIGNOR-C430 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 26882899 t miannu "Glycogenin initiates the first step of glycogen synthesis by self glycosylation of a short 8–12 glucose oligosaccharide primer. Glycogen synthase (GYS) elongates the glucose oligossacharide primer, which utilises UDP-glucose as the glucosyl donor." SIGNOR-267940 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NOX5 protein Q96PH1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser544 RSVTMRKsQRSSKGS 9606 21297032 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q96PH1-4" gcesareni "These results suggest that the mek/erk1/2 pathway is necessary but not sufficient to regulate the pma-dependent activation of nox5." SIGNOR-171847 potassium(1+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29103 ChEBI Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 11506885 f miannu "Kv3 currents are activated specifically during action potential repolarization. Analysis of the Kv3 subfamily of K+ channel subunits has lead to the discovery of a new class of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels characterized by positively shifted voltage dependencies and very fast deactivation rates. These properties are adaptations that allow these channels to produce currents that can specifically enable fast repolarization of action potentials without compromising spike initiation or height" SIGNOR-265590 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT KPNA2 protein P52292 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser105 QAARKLLsREKQPPI 9606 SIGNOR-C15 15342649 t lperfetto "Ampk phosphorylated importin alpha1 on ser(105). Accordingly, expression of importin alpha1 proteins bearing k22r or s105a mutations failed to mediate the nuclear import of hur in intact cells. Our results point to importin alpha1 as a critical downstream target of ampk and key mediator of ampk-triggered hur nuclear import." SIGNOR-128629 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 20508131 f "The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates mitogen and nutrient signals to control cell proliferation and cell size." SIGNOR-256063 FFAR1 protein O14842 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257338 regorafenib chemical CHEBI:68647 ChEBI TEK protein Q02763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 24756792 t miannu "In biochemical in vitro or cell-based assays, Regorafenib or its major human active metabolites M-2 and M-5 inhibited the activity of RET,VEGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, FGFR1, FGFR2, TIE2, DDR2, TrkA, Eph2A, RAF-1, BRAF, BRAFV600E, SAPK2, PTK5, and Abl at concentrations that can be achieved clinically." SIGNOR-259213 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr315 ETRICKIyDSPCLPE 9534 BTO:0000298 10212258 t "C-Abl phosphorylates Rad51 in vitro and in vivo. phosphorylation of Rad51 by c-Abl enhances complex formation between Rad51 and Rad52, which cooperates with Rad51 in recombination and repair. c-Abl phosphorylates Rad51 Tyr315" SIGNOR-251434 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser423 QMVNGAHsASTLDEA 9606 19393267 t lperfetto "Egfr-mediated phosphorylation of tab1 was completely inhibited by a chemical inhibitor and sirna of p38alpha. The phosphorylation of tab1 was occurred at ser-423 and thr-431, the residues underlying the p38-mediated feedback inhibition of tak1." SIGNOR-185580 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination LYS357 RDLVQKLkVLRHELS 9606 BTO:0000007 21572392 t miannu "Here, we report that F-box and LRR domain-containing protein 15 (FBXL15), an F-box protein of the FBXL family, forms an Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein-Roc1 (SCF)(FBXL15) ubiquitin ligase complex and targets Smurf1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.  FBXL15, through its leucine-rich repeat domain, specifically recognizes the large subdomain within the N-lobe of the Smurf1 HECT domain and promotes the ubiquitination of Smurf1 on K355 and K357 within the WW-HECT linker region. In this way, FBXL15 positively regulates BMP signalling in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-271912 WDR5 protein P61964 UNIPROT "NSL histone acetyltransferase" complex SIGNOR-C413 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20018852 t miannu "Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex." SIGNOR-267157 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 SSAGWKNsIRHNLSL 9606 BTO:0000782 BTO:0001253 22898666 t gcesareni "Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-253000 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 2846551 t gcesareni "Heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activation by insulin results from ser-466 and ser-483 phosphorylation and requires 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, but not protein kinase b." SIGNOR-23753 quetiapine chemical CHEBI:8707 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10116 BTO:0000529 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258535 adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI ADORA2A protein P29274 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 14662005 t Luana "Adenosine is a physiological nucleoside which acts as an autocoid and activates G protein-coupled membrane receptors, designated A1, A2A, A2B and A3." SIGNOR-268420 NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 26363003 t SARA "We have previously shown that the E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Nedd4-2 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2) targets the PY motif of hERG channels to initiate channel degradation. Although both immature and mature hERG channels contain the PY motif, Nedd4-2 selectively mediates the degradation of mature hERG channels." SIGNOR-260998 PPP5C protein P53041 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr838 GINPCTEtFTGTLQY 9606 BTO:0000567 11689443 t lperfetto "Pp5 directly dephosphorylated an essential phospho-threonine residue within the kinase domain of ask1 and thereby inactivated ask1 activity in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-111301 ACTL6B protein O94805 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6B varian" complex SIGNOR-C476 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-270600 MT-CO1 protein P00395 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV" complex SIGNOR-C280 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex IV (EC 1.9.31) or cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyses the oxidation of cytochrome c and the reduction of oxygen to water, coupled to proton translocation [108]. Mammalian cIV contains 13 or 14 subunits" SIGNOR-267746 phenytoin chemical CHEBI:8107 ChEBI SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 1658608 t miannu "This study examined the actions of phenytoin, carbamazepine, lidocaine, and verapamil on rat brain type IIA Na+ channels functionally expressed in mammalian cells, using the whole-cell voltage-clamp recording technique. The drugs blocked Na+ currents in both a tonic and use-dependent manner." SIGNOR-258352 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT Pr3-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C475 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000133 15972951 t lperfetto "ANCAs comprise a group of autoantibodies directed against proteins contained in the lysosomal compartments of neutrophils and monocytes. The primary target antigens have been identified as proteinase 3 (Pr3), a 29-kd neutral serine proteinase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), a 140-kd protein involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species.2 To date, detection of ANCAs has proven to be a helpful diagnostic tool and many clinical studies have confirmed that Pr3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA are highly specific for Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis, respectively" SIGNOR-270581 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT OTUD5 protein Q96G74 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser177 EVGAGYNsEDEYEAA -1 22245969 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of the human deubiquitinase DUBA (OTUD5) at a single residue, Ser177, is both necessary and sufficient to activate the enzyme. Treatment with CK2 could activate DUBA purified from E. coli, and this activity was associated with a species monophosphorylated at Ser177 (Fig. 1d)." SIGNOR-265872 TTK protein P33981 UNIPROT CDCA8 protein Q53HL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr169 KRSSRANtVTPAVGR 9606 19530738 t lperfetto "First, we confirmed that wild-type borealin is phosphorylated at the previously described sites t88, t94, t169, and t230 when present in complex with survivin borealin might be a substrate for mps1. In the case of wild-type borealin, the fast exchange between the monomeric and dimeric forms may allow mps1 to phosphorylate the monomer. In turn, mps1 may regulate borealin function by unfolding the c-terminal domain and/or shifting the population to the monomeric form." SIGNOR-186143 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr133 LIIEDPYyGNDSDFE 9534 9038134 t "In co-transfected COS cells, Lck and Fyn caused phosphorylation of LMPTP. Most of the phosphate was located at Tyr-131, and some was also located at Tyr-132. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that Tyr-131 is important for the catalytic activity of LMPTP, and that thiophosphorylation of Tyr-131, and to a lesser degree Tyr-132, is responsible for the activation." SIGNOR-251367 NUP214 protein P35658 UNIPROT SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 12917407 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that smad3 and smad4 are capable of interaction with the nucleoporin can/nup214, and this interaction is required for nuclear import." SIGNOR-217719 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SUN1 protein O94901 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser334 FLLLAGLsLRGQGNF 9606 25482198 t miannu "Here, we show that SUN1, located in the INM, undergoes mitosis-specific phosphorylation on at least 3 sites within its nucleoplasmic N-terminus. We further identify Cdk1 as the kinase responsible for serine 48 and 333 phosphorylation, while serine 138 is phosphorylated by Plk1. Together, these data support a model whereby mitotic phosphorylation of SUN1 disrupts interactions with nucleoplasmic binding partners, promoting disassembly of the nuclear lamina and, potentially, its chromatin interactions." SIGNOR-263100 GGNBP2 protein Q9H3C7 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001248 27357812 t miannu "We further demonstrate that GGNBP2 protein physically interacts with ERα, inhibits E2-induced activation of estrogen response element-driven reporter activity, and attenuates ER target gene expression in T47D cells." SIGNOR-269076 "vitamin D" smallmolecule CHEBI:27300 ChEBI calcidiol smallmolecule CHEBI:17933 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000759 30080183 t lperfetto "Vitamin D-binding protein transports vitamin D to the liver, where it undergoes 25-hydroxylation by CYP2R1. CYP27B1 further hydroxylates 25-hydroxyvitamin D at the 1-alpha position, resulting in the formation of the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D." SIGNOR-270567 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16729043 t gcesareni "Egfr and erbb4 had several docking sites for grb2, while erbb3 was characterized by six binding sites for pi3k. Egfr has six binding sites for the adapter protein grb2, and erbb4 has five, each with different binding strength." SIGNOR-146876 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT GFI1B protein Q5VTD9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19965638 f miannu "HMGB2 binds to the GFI1B promoter in vivo and up-regulates its trans-activation most likely by enhancing the binding of Oct-1 and, to a lesser extent, of GATA-1 and NF-Y to the GFI1B promoter." SIGNOR-254430 ATP5F1B protein P06576 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261397 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT LPCAT2 protein Q7L5N7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser34 PMVPRQAsFFPPPVP 10090 BTO:0002601 20663880 t miannu "Mass spectrometry and mutagenesis analyses identified Ser34 of LPCAT2 as the phosphorylation site to enhance the catalytic activities. The experiments using inhibitors and siRNA against MAPK cascades demonstrated that LPCAT2 phosphorylation through LPS-TLR4 signaling may directly depend on MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase 2 or MK2)." SIGNOR-263077 oxymetazoline chemical CHEBI:7862 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9913 BTO:0000142 9632357 t miannu "Benzylimidazolines may represent a class of 5-HT1D ligands that has yet to be exploited. On the basis of a previous report that the 2-(substituted-benzyl)imidazoline alpha-adrenergic agonist oxymetazoline (8) binds with high affinity at calf brain 5-HT1D receptors, we explored the structure-affinity relationships of a series of related derivatives." SIGNOR-258927 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF113B protein Q8IZP6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271193 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001949 21443688 t Luana "YN968D1 potently suppressed the kinase activities of VEGFR-2, c-kit and c-src, and inhibited cellular phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, c-kit and PDGFRβ." SIGNOR-257901 CUL1 protein Q13616 UNIPROT RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10851089 t miannu "SAG was found to be the second family member of Rbx (RING box protein) or ROC (Regulator of cullins) or Hrt that is a component of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase. Indeed, like ROC1/Rbx1/Hrt1, SAG binds to Cul1 and SAG-Cul1 complex has ubiquitin ligase activity to promote poly-ubiquitination of E2/Cdc34. " SIGNOR-271444 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1016 DVVDADEyLIPQQGF 10090 BTO:0002882 16122376 t "Dimerization mediated by a beta hairpin, which protudes from the S1 domains of each ligand bound monomer" lperfetto "EGFR possesses three major and two minor tyrosine autophosphorylation sites located at Y1068, Y1148, Y1173, and at Y992 and Y1086 respectively. In addition, EGFR Y1114 is preceded by glutamic acid (Figure 1), which should be preferred by the EGFR kinase as indicated in previous work" SIGNOR-236527 CCL7 protein P80098 UNIPROT CCR1 protein P32246 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14991608 t "For example, 11 chemokines are reported to bind to CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α , MIP‐1β, MIP‐1δ, regulated upon activation, normal T cell‐expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemotactic peptide (MCP)‐1, MCP‐2, MCP‐3, MCP‐4, leukotactin‐1 (Lkn‐1), myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor (MPIF)‐1, and hemofiltrate CC chemokine (HCC)‐1" SIGNOR-254368 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr420 RLIEDNEyTARQGAK 9606 BTO:0000782 22080863 t lperfetto "Previously, we reported that sfks can serve as bona fide substrates for tcptp and that tcptp dephosphorylates the y418 activation loop autophosphorylation site (corresponding to y394 in lck and y417 in fyn) to inactivate sfks" SIGNOR-177113 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 10090 BTO:0001086 24913968 t "SP600125 prevented phosphorylation of STAT1 at Tyr701 site [..] Western blot analysis confirmed that blocking p-JNK using SP600125 markedly reduced STAT3 localization in the nucleus and STAT1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-251101 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser466 PVRMRRNsFTPLSSS 9606 BTO:0000567 12853467 t "14-3-3s bind directly to cardiac PFK-2 phosphorylated by PKB. PFK-2 was phosphorylated on both Ser466 and Ser483 by PKB. the precise mechanism of fru-2,6-P2 regulation by 14-3-3s is still puzzling." SIGNOR-252574 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 23691078 t lperfetto "Ikbke phosphorylation and inhibition of foxo3a: a mechanism of ikbke oncogenic functionhere we report that ikbke regulates foxo3a through phosphorylation of foxo3a-ser644. The phosphorylation of foxo3a resulted in its degradation and nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation." SIGNOR-252949 RAB6C protein Q9H0N0 UNIPROT VPS13B protein Q7Z7G8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 25492866 t miannu "Cohen syndrome-associated protein COH1 physically and functionally interacts with the small GTPase RAB6 at the Golgi complex and directs neurite outgrowth. We show that COH1 forms a physical and functional complex with RAB6. Our results point to a role of COH1 as a RAB6 effector protein. Depletion of COH1 leads to decreased neurite outgrowth in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. These results establish a critical role for RAB6-dependent function of COH1 in neuritogenesis by regulating Golgi complex organization. COH1 Interacts with All Three Mammalian RAB6 Homologues" SIGNOR-266871 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr5 yLDPNLNH 9606 20802513 t llicata "In this study, we demonstrate that growth factor receptors including hepatocyte growth factor receptor met, epidermal growth factor receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor directly phosphorylate fak on tyr194 in the ferm domain collectively, this study provides the first example to explain how fak is activated by receptor tyrosine kinases." SIGNOR-167650 pevonedistat chemical CHEBI:145535 ChEBI UBE2F protein Q969M7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001109 19360080 t Monia "MLN4924 is a potent and selective inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme; A single dose of MLN4924 resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease of NEDD8–cullin levels as early as 30 min after administration of compound" SIGNOR-261067 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser69 GPLAPPAsPGPFATR 10090 15486195 t miannu "Ser69 can also be phosphorylated by JNK and p38MAPK at least in vitro. Phosphorylation of BimEL on Ser69 promotes its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-250132 NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser53 EGGQLNEsMDHGGVG -1 12023960 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that in addition to phosphorylating S6K1 and SGK1 at their hydrophobic motif, NEK6 also phosphorylates S6K1 at two other sites and phosphorylates SGK1 at one other site in vitro. Analysis of the peptides phosphorylated by NEK6 (Fig 2), performed in the present study has confirmed this, and identified two novel sites on S6K1 (Ser53 and Ser403) as major sites of NEK6 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-262952 ITGA2 protein P17301 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253171 MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT MAP3K20 protein Q9NYL2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr162 SRFHNHTtHMSLVGT 9606 15342622 t gcesareni "Ionizing radiation induces mrk autophosphorylation and activation. Within the mrk kinase loop between the dfg (subdomain vii) and ape (subdomain viii) residues, there are three conserved threonine/serine residues (thr161, thr162, and ser165) that are important for activation." SIGNOR-128581 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr278 SVSAATLtPSSQAVT 9606 19245816 t gcesareni "In addition, for mutation of the jnk-1 phosphorylated residues of sp1, namely, sp1(t278/739a) and sp1(t278/739d), the effect of ga on sp1 stability was reversed." SIGNOR-184190 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser641 YRYPRPAsVPPSPSL 9534 BTO:0000298 14593110 t miannu "DYRK Family Protein Kinases Phosphorylate and Inactivate Glycogen Synthase. both protein kinases phosphorylate site 3a but no other sites that affect glycogen synthase activity." SIGNOR-260633 DTL protein Q9NZJ0 UNIPROT SDE2 protein Q6IQ49 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 27906959 t miannu "Here, we identify human SDE2 as a new genome surveillance factor regulated by PCNA interaction. The cleaved SDE2 products need to be degraded by the CRL4CDT2 ubiquitin E3 ligase in a cell cycle- and DNA damage-dependent manner, and failure to degrade SDE2 impairs S phase progression and cellular survival." SIGNOR-272807 CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-266343 IFNL1 protein Q8IU54 UNIPROT IFNLR1 protein Q8IU57 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12469119 t gcesareni "Il-28 and il-29 interacted with a heterodimeric class ii cytokine receptor that consisted of il-10 receptor beta (il-10rbeta) and an orphan class ii receptor chain, designated il-28ralpha." SIGNOR-96174 MAP3K1 protein Q13233 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 17563747 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of s727 induces pin1 binding which increases transcription. Pin1 binding increases stat3 interaction with p300 and dna." SIGNOR-236346 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT TFF1 protein P04155 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 15870696 f miannu "Valproate (VPA) induces silencing of the ERalpha, cyclin D1 and pS2 promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrates that VPA induces recruitment of the 5-MeCpG binding protein MeCP2 to the ERalpha A promoter and also to the pS2 and cyclin D1 promoters" SIGNOR-254572 ADA protein P00813 UNIPROT adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 15926889 t Luana "Adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) catalyses the deamination of adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine. Two different isoenzymes of ADA designated as ADA1 and ADA2 were found in mammals and lower vertebrates" SIGNOR-269735 "Factor FVIIa:TF" complex SIGNOR-C319 SIGNOR F9 protein P00740 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 32665005 t lperfetto "During vascular injury, TF is exposed to the blood, where it functions as a cofactor for the circulating zymogen factor VII (FVII). This TF:FVIIa complex can then bind and activate either factor IX (FIX) or factor X (FX), triggering a cascade that generates fibrin and activates platelets, resulting in a hemostatic plug at the site of injury." SIGNOR-263542 EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser52 MILLSELsRRRIRSI 9606 17998206 t lperfetto "The endoplasmic reticulum (er)-resident protein kinase perk attenuates protein synthesis in response to er stress through the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eif2_ at serine 51 / a modification that blocks initiation" SIGNOR-159160 CTSS protein P25774 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly58 RYLYQWLgAPVPYPD -1 9076588 t miannu "This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42." SIGNOR-256323 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF19A protein Q9NV58 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270970 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR SH3RF1 protein Q7Z6J0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271120 HLX protein Q14774 UNIPROT ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003980 20008130 t Luana "In this study, we have identified cell cycle regulatory genes as downstream targets of the homeobox gene HLX in cultured trophoblast cells, namely RB1, MYC, EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN. RB1 and MYC mRNA expression was increased with HLX inactivation, whereas EGR1, CDKN1C, ELK1, CCNB1, and JUN mRNA expression was decreased compared with mock-transfected control cells." SIGNOR-261622 MACC1 protein Q6ZN28 UNIPROT MET protein P08581 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000038 19098908 t Luana "Human colon carcinoma SW480 cells express virtually no MACC1. MACC1 cDNA transfection led not only to strong increases in MACC1 mRNA expression (Fig. 3a), but also to a 40-fold upregulation of the HGF receptor MET mRNA expression (Fig. 3b). This was confirmed on the protein level" SIGNOR-266058 CyclinK/CDK13 complex SIGNOR-C38 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1889 SPTTPKYsPTSPTYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273078 ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257080 PASK protein Q96RG2 UNIPROT PASK protein Q96RG2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr1165 LFYTFCGtIEYCAPE -1 11459942 t lperfetto "We present evidence that the activity of pask is regulated by two mechanisms. Autophosphorylation at two threonine residues located within the activation loop significantly increases catalytic activity." SIGNOR-109485 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 11584304 t lperfetto "S6k then phosphorylates the same serine residue on gsk3 that is targeted by pkb/akt (fig. 1), thereby inhibiting its activity." SIGNOR-110917 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000830 15526160 t miannu "Activation of PI3-kinase by c-Kit has been linked to mitogenesis, differentiation, survival, adhesion, secretion and actin cytoskeletal reorganization. In c-Kit, Y721 has been found to directly interact with PI3-kinase" SIGNOR-254949 GPI protein P06744 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) catalyzes the interconversion of G6P into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) in the second step of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (Figure 1). As a result of this reversible reaction, products of the hexose-monophosphate shunt can be recycled to G6P." SIGNOR-266462 GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT GNB1 protein P62873 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10696571 t "GPCRs transduce their signal via G-protein heterotrimers (αβγ) that dissociate in free Gα-subunit protein and Gβγ-subunit protein complexes following ligand stimulation; GNB1 stands for the subunit β, which dissociates from the receptor after the binding of GTP on α-subunit." SIGNOR-251103 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser166 EPRSRHLsVSSQNPG 9534 BTO:0001538 12392720 t miannu "It was shown that the recombinant MEKK3 protein and fluorescein-labeled MEKK3 peptides (FITC-(159)epRsRhlSVi(168) and FITC-(330)dpRgRlpSAd(339)) are phosphorylated by SGK1 in vitro. It was also observed that the intrinsic kinase activity of MEKK3 on Ser(189) of MKK3 (equivalent to Ser(207) of MKK6) decreased along with phosphorylation of Ser(166) and Ser(337) in MEKK3 in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, it is suggested that SGK1 inhibits MEKK3-MKK3/6 signal transduction by phosphorylation of MEKK3." SIGNOR-250004 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT NKX3-1 protein Q99801 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr93 EAETLAEtEPERHLG 9606 BTO:0001130 16581776 t llicata "In vitro kinase assays followed by mass spectrometric analyses demonstrated that ck2 phosphorylated recombinant nkx3.1 on thr89 and thr93. We have also determined that nkx3.1 is degraded primarily through a proteasomal pathway, suggesting that phosphorylation by ck2 protects nkx3.1 from degradation." SIGNOR-145505 GDF11 protein O95390 UNIPROT ACVR2B protein Q13705 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12414726 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate using genetic and biochemical studies that actriib and its subfamily receptor, actriia, cooperatively mediate the gdf11 signal in patterning the axial vertebrae, and that gdf11 binds to both actriia and actriib, and induces phosphorylation of smad2" SIGNOR-95309 TWIST2 protein Q8WVJ9 UNIPROT RUNX2 protein Q13950 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003298 21931630 f miannu "Using human MSCs, we discovered TWIST, a downstream target of HIF-1α, was induced under hypoxia and acted as a transcription repressor of RUNX2 through binding to the E-box located on the promoter of type 1 RUNX2." SIGNOR-255592 SMARCA4 protein P51532 UNIPROT ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20418909 t miannu "Zeb1 represses e-cadherin transcription / we reported that brg1 binds to the ntr of zeb1 acting as its co-repressor in the regulation of the e-cadherin promoter." SIGNOR-165017 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H2AX protein P16104 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 29207681 f miannu "Knockdown of JMJD2C gene led to the up-regulation of basal γ-H2AX expression. and γ-H2AX together with its phosphorylated C-terminal (Sre residues 139–140, γ-H2AX) are crucial for DNA repair" SIGNOR-263872 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr980 YASVNPEyFSAADVY -1 8940173 t lperfetto "The insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) receptor can become tyrosine phosphorylated and enzymatically activated either in response to ligand or because of the activity of the Src tyrosine kinaseWe mapped the sites of IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation to peptides representing three different receptor domains: tyrosines 943 and 950 in the juxtamembrane region; tyrosines 1131, 1135, and 1136 within the kinase domain; and tyrosine 1316 in the carboxyl-terminal domain." SIGNOR-247197 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1951 SPGYSPTsPTYSLTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120080 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr67 LSILSGGtPKRCLDL 9606 SIGNOR-C17 10864927 t gcesareni "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-78432 HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256733 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr693 RELVEPLtPSGEAPN 9606 1651322 t lperfetto "It is likely that the map2 and ert kinases account for the phosphorylation of the egf receptor at thr669 (egf receptor (krel veplt669psgeapnqallr)) observed in cultured cells.Phosphorylation at ser-695 is partial and occurs only if thr-693 is phosphorylated. Phosphorylation at thr-678 and thr-693 by prkd1 inhibits egf-induced mapk8/jnk1 activation." SIGNOR-20549 CDK5/CDK5R1 complex SIGNOR-C144 SIGNOR MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr498 KTPPAPKtPPSSGEP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-251597 FERMT2 protein Q96AC1 UNIPROT FBLIM1 protein Q8WUP2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26037143 t miannu "Here we report that Src binds to and phosphorylates Kindlin-2 at Y193. Reciprocally, Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation activates and maintains Src kinase activity. Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation is also involved in its binding capacity with Migfilin and the recruitment of Migfilin to the focal adhesions. Functionally, we demonstrate that Kindlin-2-Y193 phosphorylation regulates Kindlin-2-mediated cell spreading and migration." SIGNOR-266108 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr423 PEQSKRStMVGTPYW 10116 18586681 t "Purified PP2Cα protein efficiently dephosphorylated PAK1 in vitro (Fig. 1, D and E). We previously assessed the time course of phospho-PAK1 dephosphorylation assessed using specific antibodies against either Ser(P)198/203 or Thr(P)422 sites in the PAK1 activation loop." SIGNOR-248491 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HAND1 protein O96004 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser109 KERRRTEsINSAFAE 9606 14636580 t lperfetto "In vitro and in vivo phosphorylation studies show that both PKA and PKC can phosphorylate HAND1 and -2. In addition, phosphopeptide mapping analysis of wild-type and mutant forms of HAND1 shows that three of these conserved residues, T107; S109 within helix I and S98 within the basic domain, are the phosphorylated residues. " SIGNOR-249242 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr160 NKLRRYTtFSKRKTG 10753652 t llicata "Skeletal muscle CaMKII enriches in nuclei and phosphorylates myogenic factor SRF at multiple sites. | Microsequencing of these phosphorylated peptides identified that both Ser-103 and a novel residue, Thr-160 in the MADS box of SRF, were sites of phosphorylation. | The location of Thr-160 in the 3-D structure of SRF suggests that its phosphorylation by nuclear CaMKII may directly influence DNA binding of SRF and other MADS box factors." SIGNOR-250639 LUBAC complex SIGNOR-C527 SIGNOR TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 21292167 t miannu "HOIL-1L/HOIP LUBAC induces TRIM25 ubiquitination and degradation.Upon detection of viral RNA, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) undergoes TRIM25-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination, leading to type I interferon (IFN) production. In this study, we demonstrate that the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC), comprised of two RING-IBR-RING (RBR)-containing E3 ligases, HOIL-1L and HOIP, independently targets TRIM25 and RIG-I to effectively suppress virus-induced IFN production. RBR E3 ligase domains of HOIL-1L and HOIP bind and induce proteasomal degradation of TRIM25, whereas the NZF domain of HOIL-1L competes with TRIM25 for RIG-I binding. Consequently, both actions by the HOIL-1L/HOIP LUBAC potently inhibit RIG-I ubiquitination and antiviral activity, but in a mechanistically separate manner." SIGNOR-271859 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser36 AQQVSSLsESEESQD 9606 20730097 t lperfetto "Although the functional impact of ck-mediated atf1 phosphorylation is still unclear, we found that mutation of ser-36 and ser-41 increased cbp kix domain binding by up to four fold (fig. 2g). This result is consistent with the negative impact of ck-mediated phosphorylation on cbp binding affinity of creb that we previously reported" SIGNOR-167544 SF3B2 protein Q13435 UNIPROT SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32140746 t lperfetto "Characterization of the purified SF3b complex indicated that it consists of seven proteins with a molecular size ranging from 10 to 155 kDa [10–12] (Fig. 1a). Due to methodological differences in identifying SF3b components in human and yeast, a number of names have been designated for these proteins across different species. In this review, I will use SF3b1-7 for consistency and clarity (Fig. 1a)." SIGNOR-268404 TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT "BRCA1-B complex" complex SIGNOR-C298 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 25400280 t lperfetto "Another BRCA1 complex, the BRCA1–B complex containing BRCA1/TopBP1 and BACH1 (also known and BRIP1/FANCJ) has been reported to play a role in HR and S‐phase cell cycle arrest. The exact role of this complex in HR remains unclear, although it is assumed that BACH1, a DNA helicase, contributes to end resection (possibly through its helicase activity) and RPA loading, whereas TopBP1 is required for ATR activation and subsequent S‐phase checkpoint activation" SIGNOR-263218 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 9606 BTO:0000007 15175348 t lperfetto "In vitro kinase assay revealed that the direct targets of pdk1 in the mapk pathway were the upstream mapk kinases mek1 and mek2. The identified pdk1 phosphorylation sites in mek1 and mek2 are ser222 and ser226, respectively, and are known to be essential for full activation" SIGNOR-236633 DDC protein P20711 UNIPROT dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 7955 23940784 t brain lperfetto "AADC is responsible for the decarboxylation step in the catecholamine and dopamine biosynthesis. Dopamine and serotonin can be synthesized by AADC from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan, respectively [7]. A deficiency in AADC will lead to reduced biogenic monoamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin" SIGNOR-263986 BCL11A protein Q9H165 UNIPROT HBG1 protein P69891 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004911 20395365 f Regulation miannu "BCL11A and SOX6 co-occupy the human beta-globin cluster along with GATA1, and cooperate in silencing gamma-globin transcription in adult human erythroid progenitors." SIGNOR-251802 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr507 FGESRAStFCGTPDY 9606 BTO:0000007 9748166 t miannu "PDK1 phosphorylated the activation loop sites of PKCzeta and PKCdelta in vitro and in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-dependent manner in vivo in human embryonic kidney (293) cells. PKCδ was also phosphorylated in the activation loop site (T505)" SIGNOR-250269 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT ROBO1 protein Q9Y6N7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1073 PSGQPTPyATTQLIQ 9606 10892742 t gcesareni "Abl functions to antagonize robo signaling both abl and ena can directly bind to robo's cytoplasmic domain." SIGNOR-78993 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser634 TFLSPQCsPQHSPLG 9606 BTO:0000007 16141410 t "In vitro and in vivo (HEK 293 cells) kinase assays with synthetic peptides and full-length myocardin demonstrated that myocardin was a primed GSK3beta substrate, with serines 455 to 467 and 624 to 636 being the major GSK3beta phosphorylation sites.  GSK3β phosphorylation at the sites identified inhibits myocardin intrinsic transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-251249 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MYOCD protein Q8IZQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser630 VLSSTFLsPQCSPQH 9606 BTO:0000007 16141410 t "In vitro and in vivo (HEK 293 cells) kinase assays with synthetic peptides and full-length myocardin demonstrated that myocardin was a primed GSK3beta substrate, with serines 455 to 467 and 624 to 636 being the major GSK3beta phosphorylation sites.  GSK3β phosphorylation at the sites identified inhibits myocardin intrinsic transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-251248 MK-2206 chemical CHEBI:67271 ChEBI AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001286 21841310 t gcesareni "Treatment with the pi3k inhibitor ly294002 or the akt inhibitor mk2206 diminished s473 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-176049 PHF6 protein Q8IWS0 UNIPROT UBTF protein P17480 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001271 23229552 t miannu "We demonstrate that phf6 is a nucleolus, ribosomal rna promoter-associated protein. Phf6 directly interacts with upstream binding factor (ubf) through its phd1 domain and suppresses ribosomal rna (rrna) transcription by affecting the protein level of ubf" SIGNOR-200133 STXBP4 protein Q6ZWJ1 UNIPROT STX4 protein Q12846 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 15753124 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates Synip to regulate docking and fusion of GLUT4-containing vesicles. These data demonstrate that insulin activation of Akt2 specifically regulates the docking/fusion step of GLUT4-containing vesicles at the plasma membrane through the regulation of Synip phosphorylation and Synip-Syntaxin4 interaction.Thus, our data demonstrate that insulin-stimulated Akt2-dependent phosphorylation of Synip on serine residue 99 results in reduced binding interactions between Synip and Syntaxin4." SIGNOR-262634 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT STXBP1 protein P61764 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser313 SLKDFSSsKRMNTGE 9913 BTO:0000259 12519779 t lperfetto "Munc18a is essential for neurotransmitter release by exocytosis and can be phosphorylated by PKC in vitro on Ser-306 and Ser-313. We demonstrate that it is phosphorylated on Ser-313 in response to phorbol ester treatment in adrenal chromaffin cells. Mutation of both phosphorylation sites to glutamate reduces its affinity for syntaxin and so acts as a phosphomimetic mutation." SIGNOR-249187 PAX7-FOXO1 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP11 SIGNOR IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20663909 t lperfetto "We also provide the first direct evidence that FGFR4 and IGF1R are the targets for PAX3-FKHR. The map of PAX3-FKHR binding sites provides a framework for understanding the pathogenic roles of PAX3-FKHR, as well as its molecular targets to allow a systematic evaluation of agents against this aggressive rhabdomyosarcoma." SIGNOR-249595 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr74 HKPLEGKyEWQEVEK 9606 17254967 t lperfetto "Src regulates p27 stability through phosphorylation of p27 at tyrosine 74 and tyrosine 88. Our data indicate that phosphorylation by src impairs the cdk2 inhibitory action of p27" SIGNOR-152831 SF3B4 protein Q15427 UNIPROT SF3b complex SIGNOR-C442 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32140746 t lperfetto "Characterization of the purified SF3b complex indicated that it consists of seven proteins with a molecular size ranging from 10 to 155 kDa [10–12] (Fig. 1a). Due to methodological differences in identifying SF3b components in human and yeast, a number of names have been designated for these proteins across different species. In this review, I will use SF3b1-7 for consistency and clarity (Fig. 1a)." SIGNOR-268406 ACSL5 protein Q9ULC5 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83139 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24269233 t "ACSs catalyze the conversion of FAs to their active form acyl-CoAs. The human genome codes for 26 ACS isozymes, which are classified into six subfamilies based on their substrate specificities toward the chain length of FAs and on sequence similarity" SIGNOR-267712 PKD1 protein P98161 UNIPROT SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23001567 t miannu "Full-length PC1 bound, stabilized and colocalized with Jade-1 and inhibited Jade-1 ubiquitination. Jade-1 ubiquitination was mediated by Siah-1, an E3 ligase that binds PC1." SIGNOR-272916 PKD1 protein P98161 UNIPROT JADE1 protein Q6IE81 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23001567 t miannu "Full-length PC1 bound, stabilized and colocalized with Jade-1 and inhibited Jade-1 ubiquitination. Jade-1 ubiquitination was mediated by Siah-1, an E3 ligase that binds PC1." SIGNOR-272917 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT S100A2 protein P29034 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 23344957 t miannu "S100 protein itself is ubiquitinated by CHIP in a Ca2+-dependent manner.Ubiquitylated S100 proteins are shown as (Ub)n-S100A2 and (Ub)n-S100P. The association of the S100 proteins with CHIP provides a Ca2+-dependent regulatory mechanism for the ubiquitination and degradation of intracellular proteins by the CHIP-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272918 "NLRP1 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C224 SIGNOR "Caspase 1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C220 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 30288079 t lperfetto "Canonical inflammasomes form activation platforms for caspase-1. Their assembly depends on some dedicated cytosolic PRRs from the nucleotide-binding domain leucin-rich repeat (NLR) family including NLR and pyrin domain containing receptor 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, and NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4); the AIM2-like receptors (ALR) family including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2); or the tripartite motif (TRIM) family including pyrin." SIGNOR-256380 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SPHK1 protein Q9NYA1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser225 VGSKTPAsPVVVQQG 9606 14532121 t gcesareni "Activation of sphingosine kinase 1 by erk1/2-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-118542 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT WRN protein Q14191 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1292 MTIGMHLsQAVKAGC -1 10608806 t llicata "We determined a general phosphorylation consensus sequence for ATM and identified putative in vitro targets by using glutathione S-transferase peptides as substrates. Putative ATM in vitro targets include p95/nibrin, Mre11, Brca1, Rad17, PTS, WRN, and ATM (S440) itself." SIGNOR-250578 RNF111 protein Q6ZNA4 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 17341133 t lperfetto "Arkadia represses the expression of myoblast differentiation markers through degradation of ski and the ski-bound smad complex in c2c12 myoblasts. Arkadia bound smad2/3 via ski to induce the ubiquitination of smad2/3. These results suggest that arkadia targets ski-bound, inactive phospho-smad2/3 to regulate positively myostatin/tgf-beta signaling." SIGNOR-235394 HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 8573884 f "Regulation of localization" miannu "Hb inhibitory activity toward ET-1 production might be related to Hb mediated endothelial oxidative injury." SIGNOR-251767 ESR2 protein Q92731 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000938 BTO:0001264 22169964 f miannu "17β-Estradiol regulates the gene expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. . In this study, we investigate the mRNA expressions of Nav channel subtypes mediated differentially by the ERs in the DRGs of wild-type (WT) and estrogen receptor knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. In the present study, by means of quantitative real-time PCR, we found that the expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 subtypes were elevated in αERKO and βERKO mice" SIGNOR-253475 NLK protein Q9UBE8 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser166 TYSDEHFsPGSHPSH 9606 12556497 t gcesareni "Regulation of lymphoid enhancer factor 1/t-cell factor by mitogen-activated protein kinase-related nemo-like kinase-dependent phosphorylation in wnt/beta-catenin signaling.Nlk phosphorylates lef-1/tcf on two serine/threonine residues located in its central region. Mutation of both residues to alanine enhanced lef-1 transcriptional activity and rendered it resistant to inhibition by nlk." SIGNOR-97808 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT S100P protein P25815 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 23344957 t miannu "S100 protein itself is ubiquitinated by CHIP in a Ca2+-dependent manner.Ubiquitylated S100 proteins are shown as (Ub)n-S100A2 and (Ub)n-S100P. The association of the S100 proteins with CHIP provides a Ca2+-dependent regulatory mechanism for the ubiquitination and degradation of intracellular proteins by the CHIP-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-272919 HUWE1 protein Q7Z6Z7 UNIPROT POLL protein Q9UGP5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 22203964 t miannu "Identification of Mule as an E3 ubiquitin ligase regulating cellular protein levels of DNA polymerase λ.Here, we show that the E3 ligase Mule mediates the degradation of Pol λ and that the control of Pol λ levels by Mule has functional consequences for the ability of mammalian cells to deal with 8-oxo-G lesions." SIGNOR-272920 HERC2 protein O95714 UNIPROT NEURL4 protein Q96JN8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 22261722 t miannu "NEURL4 is a substrate of HERC2, and together these results indicate that the NEURL4-HERC2 complex participates in the ubiquitin-dependent regulation of centrosome architecture." SIGNOR-272921 SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT CORO1B protein Q9BR76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser2 sFRKVVRQ 9606 17350576 t "Coronin 1B inhibits filament nucleation by Arp2/3 complex and this inhibition is attenuated by phosphorylation of Coronin 1B at Serine 2, a site targeted by SSH1L. Coronin 1B also directs SSH1L to lamellipodia where SSH1L likely regulates Cofilin activity via dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-248763 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RNMT protein O43148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr77 SSSCGKDtPSKKRKL 9606 BTO:0000007 26942677 t lperfetto "We report that CDK1-cyclin B1 phosphorylates the RNMT regulatory domain on T77 during G2/M phase of the cell cycle. RNMT T77 phosphorylation activates the enzyme both directly and indirectly by inhibiting interaction with KPNA2, an RNMT inhibitor." SIGNOR-265501 EPHB3 protein P54753 UNIPROT EPHB3 protein P54753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr614 VYIDPFTyEDPNEAV -1 9674711 t "Tyrosine-614, the major autophosphorylation site of the receptor tyrosine kinase HEK2, functions as multi-docking site for SH2-domain mediated interactions. a single amino acid substitution (Y614F) clearly reduces the phosphotyrosine content of HEK2 and abrogates its ability to bind rasGAP, Crk and Fyn indicating that this residue functions as major phosphorylation and multi-docking site." SIGNOR-251126 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT ELK3 protein P41970 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser363 LSPVAPLsPARLQGP 9606 9130707 t gcesareni "Tcf sap-1a is efficiently phosphorylated by p38 map kinase in vitro and in vivo on the homologous residues ser381 and ser387. Mutation of these sites to alanine severely reduces c-fos sre-dependent transcription mediated by sap-1a and p38 map kinase." SIGNOR-47685 ARRY-520 chemical CID:44224257 PUBCHEM KIF11 protein P52732 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189891 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ECT2 protein Q9H8V3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 TKSSKSStPVPSKQS 9606 16247472 t lperfetto "Here we show that two mitotic kinases, cdk1 and polo-like kinase 1 (plk1), phosphorylate ect2 in vitro.Moreover, ect2 t412a, but not phosphomimic t412d, displayed a diminished accumulation of gtp-bound rhoa compared with wt ect2, suggesting that phosphorylation of thr-412 is critical for the catalytic activity of ect2." SIGNOR-141175 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT DLGAP5 protein Q15398 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser757 EGMELNSsITSQDVL 9606 BTO:0000007 15987997 t miannu "Phosphorylation and stabilization of HURP by Aurora-A. Four phosphorylated residues were identified, namely, HURP-S627, -S725, -S757, and -S830, with 65% amino acid sequence coverage. we propose here that Aurora-A may phosphorylate HURP and this probably attenuates the negative impact of cdk1 phosphorylation and by inhibiting subsequent proteasome activity and this will generate a longer HURP half-life." SIGNOR-262651 glutaryl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57378 ChEBI glutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30921 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 33148467 t lperfetto "The acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family catalyses the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA)." SIGNOR-271811 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 15769897 f "The serine-threonine kinase Pim-2 is a functionally relevant downstream target of STAT5.24 Here, we observed only a weak induction of Pim-2 by Flt3-D835Y compared to the effects of Flt3-ITD." SIGNOR-261541 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2407 AKVSGRPsSRKAKSP 9606 15494311 t "Translocation from Nucleus to Cytoplasm" lperfetto "Nf-kappab transcription requires ikkalpha to phosphorylate smrt on chromatin, stimulating the exchange of corepressor for coactivator complexes. Ikk directly phosphorylates smrt to stimulate nuclear export. Ikkalpha orchestrates smrt derepression, a prerequisite for nf-kappab transcription and survival." SIGNOR-216393 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "AM/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C170 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257620 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 SDGEFLRtSCGSPNY 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C15 15980064 t gcesareni "These data indicate that the camkks function in intact cells as ampkks, predicting wider roles for these kinases in regulating ampk activity in vivo." SIGNOR-138360 POLR2B protein P30876 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9852112 t lperfetto "Pol II is composed of 10–12 polypeptides ranging in size from 220 to 7 kDa, depending on the source of purification (11, 12, 13). The subunits of human pol II (or RNA polymerase B) have been defined as RPB1 (220 kDa), RPB2 (140 kDa), RPB3 (33 kDa), RPB4 (18 kDa), RPB5 (28 kDa), RPB6 (19 kDa), RPB7 (27 kDa), RPB8 (17 kDa), RPB9 (14.5 kDa), RPB10alpha (or RPB12, 7.0 kDa), RPB10beta (or RPB10, 7.6 kDa), and RPB11 (14 kDa) (3,11, 12, 13). RPB5, RPB6, RPB8, RPB10alpha, and RPB10beta are shared by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whereas the rest of the RPB components are unique to pol II" SIGNOR-266162 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT DLK1 protein P80370 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 19874716 t lperfetto "Using luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay and EMSA, we found that the -211/-194 region of the pref-1 promoter is essential for the binding of E2F1 as well as E2F1-dependent transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-271684 CTDSP2 protein O14595 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser213 NLSPNPMsPAHNNLD 9606 17035229 t "Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-248295 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT FAF1 protein Q9UNN5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser291 DVHMVSDsDGDDFED 9534 12832043 t llicata "We previously identified the Fas-associated factor FAF1 as an in vitro substrate of protein kinase CK2 and determined Ser289 and Ser291 as phosphorylation sites.|Therefore we assume that CK2‐mediated FAF1 phosphorylation influences the nuclear localization of FAF1 | it implies that the major function of FAF1 might not be in the cytoplasm as an interacting partner of Fas." SIGNOR-250864 SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR Membrane_fusion phenotype SIGNOR-PH122 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 30267828 f miannu "The best-studied SNARE-complex is the one formed between three proteins, VAMP2/synaptobrevin-2, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25, that mediate fast exocytosis in neuronal cells. The event directly leading to membrane fusion is theassembly of the C-terminal end of the SNARE-complex,and the linker domains, which couples the releasedenergy directly to the fusion of the membranes" SIGNOR-263973 GPR35 protein Q9HC97 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256996 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser939 SFRARSTsLNERPKS 10090 BTO:0000944 12150915 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that, upon activation of PI3K, tuberin is phosphorylated on consensus recognition sites for PI3K-dependent S/T kinases. Moreover, Akt/PKB can phosphorylate tuberin in vitro and in vivo. We also show that S939 and T1462 of tuberin are PI3K-regulated phosphorylation sites and that T1462 is constitutively phosphorylated in PTEN(-/-) tumor-derived cell lines." SIGNOR-244369 HCK protein P08631 UNIPROT WAS protein P42768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr291 AETSKLIyDFIEDQG 9534 12235133 t "Src family kinase Hck induces phosphorylation of WASp-Tyr(291). Phosphorylation of tyrosine 291 enhances the ability of WASp to stimulate actin polymerization and filopodium formation." SIGNOR-251268 C1QA protein P02745 UNIPROT "Complement C1q" complex SIGNOR-C308 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 29449492 t lperfetto "C1q comprises 18 polypeptide chains; three chains of C1q-A, -B, and -C trimerize to form six collagen-like triple helices connected to six globular (trimeric) ligand-recognition (gC1q) modules (fig. S1B) (1)." SIGNOR-263390 RBPJ protein Q06330 UNIPROT RBPJ/NOTCH complex SIGNOR-C97 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21873209 t lperfetto "When bound to the active intracellular domain of notch (nicd), rbpj recruits a coactivator complex, including a mastermind homologue (maml1-3 in mammals), and drives a complex transcriptional program with pervasive phenotypic effects." SIGNOR-209702 DENND3 protein A2RUS2 UNIPROT RAB12 protein Q6IQ22 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 25925668 t lperfetto "ULK-mediated phosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DENND3 at serines 554 and 572 upregulates its GEF activity toward the small GTPase Rab12.|active Rab12 facilitates autophagosome trafficking, thus establishing a crucial role for the ULK/DENND3/Rab12 axis in starvation-induced autophagy." SIGNOR-264734 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr232 GGLPEVAtPESEEAF 9606 7816602 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the c-fos and c-jun hob1 motif stimulates its activation capacity here we show that the hob1-containing activation domain of c-fos is stimulated by ha-ras in vivo and phosphorylated by a map kinase family member in vitro and that mutating t232 to ala abolishes both functions." SIGNOR-251525 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "The membrane-bound Notch segment that results from this cleavage, known as Notch Intracellular Truncation domain (NEXT), is a γ-secretase substrate. γ-Secretase performs the subsequent cleavage at S3, releasing Notch intracellular domain (NICD) from the membrane and allowing for signal transduction through binding with the CBL-1, Su(H), Lag-1 family of DNA binding proteins." SIGNOR-209717 HOXD11 protein P31277 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9343407 t 2 miannu "We now show that the Hoxa-9 protein physically interacts with Meis1 proteins. Hox proteins from the other AbdB-like paralogs, Hoxa-10, Hoxa-11, Hoxd-12, and Hoxb-13, also form DNA binding complexes with Meis1b. DNA binding complexes formed by Meis1 with Hox proteins dissociate much more slowly than DNA complexes with Meis1 alone, suggesting that Hox proteins stabilize the interactions of Meis1 proteins with their DNA targets." SIGNOR-241229 bevacizumab antibody DB00112 DRUGBANK VEGFC protein P49767 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001615 15961063 t miannu "Clinical trials with VEGF inhibitors in a variety of malignancies are ongoing. Recently, a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab; Avastin) has been approved by the FDA as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy." SIGNOR-259886 UBE2T protein Q9NPD8 UNIPROT FANCL protein Q9NW38 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 24389026 t lperfetto "Using the Fanconi Anemia pathway exclusive E3-E2 pair, FANCL-Ube2T, we report the atomic structure of the FANCL RING-Ube2T complex|Our structural and biochemical analyses suggest that, in a cellular environment with multiple E2s present, FANCL will preferentially select Ube2T." SIGNOR-263263 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "Av/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C177 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257657 "CoREST-HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C105 SIGNOR SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 16140033 f lperfetto "This suggests that the HDACs in the LSD1 complex are likely to function upstream of CoREST/LSD1, generating a hypoacetylated histone substrate, which can then be better recognized by CoREST/LSD1. Further supporting this model, we found that inhibition of HDAC activity by TSA resulted in derepression of two LSD1 target genes, the human neuronal-specific sodium channel (SCN) genes, SCNA2 and SCNA3 (Figure 1H)." SIGNOR-268542 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT VWF protein P04275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 9444957 f miannu "Cotransfection of Ets-1 and Erg expression plasmids is sufficient to induce the -60/+19 vWF promoter activity in HeLa cells." SIGNOR-253914 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TRIM59 protein Q8IWR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser308 LIPKMKIsPKRMSCS 31488827 t miannu " Here, we identify TRIM59 as a substrate of CDK5. EGFR-activated CDK5 directly binds to and phosphorylates TRIM59, a ubiquitin ligase at serine 308, which recruits PIN1 for cis-trans isomerization of TRIM59, leading to TRIM59 binding to importin α5 and nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-272929 ADD1 protein P35611 UNIPROT "4.1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C386 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000424 33187473 t lperfetto "The cytoskeleton plays a key role in maintaining the morphology and function of erythrocyte membranes. Many proteins, such as ankyrin, spectrin alpha- and beta-chains, proteins 4.1, or 4.1R and actin, cover the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane to form two protein complexes, the ankyrin and protein 4.1 complex| the latter consists of Band 3 dimers binding Adducins alpha and beta, Glycophorin C, GLUT1 and Stomatin [15, 16]" SIGNOR-266037 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10090 BTO:0000944 7518560 t lperfetto "Both competition experiments with synthetic phosphopeptides and dephosphorylation protection analysis demonstrated that y-1173 and y-992 are major and minor binding sites, respectively, for shc on the egfr." SIGNOR-235481 AP3D1 protein O14617 UNIPROT "Neuronal AP-3" complex SIGNOR-C445 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 19497727 t miannu "Mammals contain more than one AP-3 complex owing to the existence of pairs of genes encoding β3, μ3, and σ3 subunits (A and B isoforms). While both σ3A and σ3B are expressed ubiquitously and seem to be functionally equivalent, the B isoforms of β3 and μ3 display rather restricted expression patterns, mostly in cells of neuronal origin. This has led to the notion of the existence of two types of mammalian AP-3 complexes: a ubiquitous AP-3 comprising δ, β3A, μ3A, and σ3(A or B) subunits, and a brain-specific AP-3 complex containing δ, β3B, μ3B, and σ3(A or B)" SIGNOR-268519 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser434 PPPSDAGsPFQSSPL 9606 BTO:0000007 19126544 t lperfetto "Importantly, we demonstrate that the mature form of endogenous SREBP1 is phosphorylated on Ser-434. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylates Ser-434, and the phosphorylation of this residue is attenuated in response to insulin signaling. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Ser-434 promotes the glycogen synthase kinase-3-dependent phosphorylation of Thr-426 and Ser-430 and destabilizes SREBP1." SIGNOR-235797 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22355693 t "These results show that GSK3β is involved in regulating phosphorylation and activation of C/EBPβ and that this transcription factor is required to transactivate srebf1a expression, leading to the early steps of adipogenesis" SIGNOR-251645 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr612 TLHTDDGyMPMSPGV 9606 14579029 t gcesareni "Map kinases and mtor mediate insulin-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 on serine residues 307, 612 and 632" SIGNOR-118873 ALX4 protein Q9H161 UNIPROT NCAM1 protein P13591 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003952 11696550 f miannu "Alx4 Overexpression Represses Endogenous N-CAM Expression" SIGNOR-254548 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR KMT2C protein Q8NEZ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271130 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT FHOD3 protein Q2V2M9 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 21149568 t tpavlidou "We have identified a novel striated muscle-specific splice variant of the formin fhod3 that introduces a casein kinase 2 (ck2) phosphorylation site. The specific targeting of muscle fhod3 to the myofibrils in cardiomyocytes is abolished in phosphomutants or by the inhibition of ck2. Phosphorylation of muscle fhod3 also prevents its interaction with p62/sequestosome 1 and its recruitment to autophagosomes." SIGNOR-170525 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 10542134 t miannu "Here we describe that overexpression of cbl-b, a homologue of the c-cbl protooncogene, inhibits EGFR-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Overexpression of cbl-b results in a shortened duration of EGFR activation upon EGF stimulation. This is demonstrated by decreased amounts of phosphorylated EGFR as well as by inhibition of multiple downstream signaling pathways. The inhibition of signaling by cbl-b results from increased ubiquitination and degradation of the activated EGFR. " SIGNOR-272934 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 11016919 t miannu "The ability of Smurf2 to promote Smad2 destruction required the HECT catalytic activity of Smurf2 and depended on the proteasome-dependent pathway. Consistent with these results, Smurf2 potently reduced the transcriptional activity of Smad2. " SIGNOR-272935 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 11158580 t miannu "Here, we report the identification of Smurf2, a new member of the Hect family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Smurf2 selectively interacts with receptor-regulated Smads and preferentially targets Smad1 for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. At higher expression levels, Smurf2 also decreases the protein levels of Smad2, but not Smad3. " SIGNOR-272936 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RLF protein Q13129 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271079 BRDT protein Q58F21 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 33125143 t lperfetto "It was revealed that eIF4EBP1 interacted with BRDT, a novel interacting protein. In addition, the present study further demonstrated that BRDT inhibitors PLX51107 and INCB054329 blocked the progression of RCC cells, along with suppressing eIF4EBP1 and c‑myc expression." SIGNOR-262049 MBTD1 protein Q05BQ5 UNIPROT "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269303 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT TGFBR2 protein P37173 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 11163210 t miannu "Smad7 Recruits Smurf2 to the TGFβ Receptor Complex. Here, we identify Smurf2, a C2-WW-HECT domain ubiquitin ligase and show that Smurf2 associates constitutively with Smad7. Smurf2 is nuclear, but binding to Smad7 induces export and recruitment to the activated TGF beta receptor, where it causes degradation of receptors and Smad7 via proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. " SIGNOR-272939 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 11163210 t miannu "Smad7 Recruits Smurf2 to the TGFβ Receptor Complex. Here, we identify Smurf2, a C2-WW-HECT domain ubiquitin ligase and show that Smurf2 associates constitutively with Smad7. Smurf2 is nuclear, but binding to Smad7 induces export and recruitment to the activated TGF beta receptor, where it causes degradation of receptors and Smad7 via proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. " SIGNOR-272940 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 11278251 t miannu "Here we show that Smurf1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for bone morphogenetic protein-specific Smads, also interacts with Smad7 and induces Smad7 ubiquitination and translocation into the cytoplasm. In addition, Smurf1 associates with TbetaR-I via Smad7, with subsequent enhancement of turnover of TbetaR-I and Smad7. " SIGNOR-272941 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 11278251 t miannu "Here we show that Smurf1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for bone morphogenetic protein-specific Smads, also interacts with Smad7 and induces Smad7 ubiquitination and translocation into the cytoplasm. In addition, Smurf1 associates with TbetaR-I via Smad7, with subsequent enhancement of turnover of TbetaR-I and Smad7. " SIGNOR-272943 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SOX9 protein P48436 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20457810 f fspada "Soluble pref-1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (erk/mapk) and the subsequent upregulation of sox9 expression." SIGNOR-165353 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT PCSK2 protein P16519 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9359835 f miannu "we show that the transcription factor EGR-1 interacts with two distinct elements within the proximal human PC2 promoter region. Transfection experiments also demonstrate that EGR-1 is able to enhance PC2 promoter activity." SIGNOR-253896 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR CTBP1 protein Q13363 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser158 REGTRVQsVEQIREV 9606 23291169 t lperfetto "We found that an activated amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) phosphorylates ctbp1 on ser-158 upon metabolic stresses. Moreover, ampk-mediated phosphorylation of ctbp1 (s158) attenuates the repressive function of ctbp1" SIGNOR-216604 HNF1B protein P35680 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 9671480 t 2 miannu "The mammalian two-hybrid system showed that the region aa 393 to 476 of LFB3 is involved in the interaction with CREB or ATF1. The importance of this region for mediating cAMP induction was confirmed in transient transfection assays." SIGNOR-241323 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 17015473 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "Aml1/runx1 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases regulates the degradation of aml1/runx1 by the anaphase-promoting complex." SIGNOR-149972 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser525 YGMIERLsPGTRKIE 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265952 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser508 QQATTGVsQETSENP -1 9038175 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the GR fusion protein by DNA-PK mapped to a single site, Ser-527. This site occurs adjacent the GR nuclear localization sequence between the DNA and ligand binding domains of GR, and thus its phosphorylation, if confirmed, has the potential to affect receptor function in vivo." SIGNOR-248965 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT NDRG1 protein Q92597 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15377670 f miannu "We isolated a p53-regulated gene named ndrg1 (n-myc down-regulated gene 1). Its expression is induced by dna damage in a p53-dependent fashion." SIGNOR-129183 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser12 KSKPKDAsQRRRSLE -1 2996780 t lperfetto "We propose that protein kinase C is responsible for this modification based on the following evidence. First, the tumor promoters, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and teleocidin, and synthetic diacylglycerol, known activators of protein kinase C in vivo, cause nearly complete phosphorylation of pp60src at serine 12. Second, among five purified serine/threonine-specific protein kinases tested, only protein kinase C phosphorylates pp60c-src and pp60v-src in vitro at serine 12. Third, purified protein kinase C phosphorylates a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal 20 amino acids of pp60c-src at serine 12. The physiological significance of this novel phosphorylation is discussed." SIGNOR-248893 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr423 NSLNEEWyVSYITRP -1 8702662 t "Ability of p56lck to phosphorylate Tyr-423/426 within SLP-76 in vitro" SIGNOR-251381 SUPT20H protein Q8NEM7 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269575 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 18676833 t "inferred from 70% family members" fstefani "We then showed that erk could phosphorylate mcl-1 at two consensus residues, thr 92 and 163, which is required for the association of mcl-1 and pin1, resulting in stabilization of mcl-1." SIGNOR-270158 "monoisononyl phthalate" chemical CHEBI:132593 ChEBI NR1I2 protein O75469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0001538 27551952 t miannu "MEHP and MiNP exhibit potent activation of hCAR2 and hPXR with higher affinities for these receptors than for the hPPARs. The rank order potency for MEHP and MiNP was hCAR2 > hPXR > hPPARs." SIGNOR-268779 CCNK protein O75909 UNIPROT CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22012619 t miannu "We identified a 70-kda cyclin k (cyck) that binds cdk12 and cdk13 to form two different complexes (cyck/cdk12 or cyck/cdk13) in human cells" SIGNOR-176783 AICA-Ribotide chemical CID:16760280 PUBCHEM PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 19491292 t gcesareni "Aicar-induced ampk phosphorylation inhibits cell cycle transition, reducing differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes, through pgc-1alpha-foxo3a-p21." SIGNOR-186055 TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT TSC complex SIGNOR-C101 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12172553 t lperfetto "TSC1 and TSC2 proteins form a physical and functional complex in vivo. Here, we show that TSC1-TSC2 inhibits the p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (an activator of translation) and activates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1, an inhibitor of translational initiation). These functions of TSC1-TSC2 are mediated by inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)." SIGNOR-217913 MYO9A protein B2RTY4 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260508 3-methoxytyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:1582 ChEBI 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde smallmolecule CHEBI:27978 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Dopamine is metabolized after reuptake into dopaminergic neurons or glial cells¬†|dopamine is metabolized to 3-methoxytyramine by COMT, which is in turn converted to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetaldehyde by MAO." SIGNOR-264179 dacomitinib chemical CHEBI:132268 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-205936 UPF2 protein Q9HAU5 UNIPROT Upf-EJC complex SIGNOR-C367 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 17803942 t miannu "The three Up-frameshift (Upf) proteins, Upf1, Upf2, and Upf3 that together form the Upf complex, constitute the conserved core of NMD from yeast to humans. hUpf3b Forms Multiple Contacts with the EJC and Depends on hUpf2 for Complex Formation with hUpf1" SIGNOR-265238 PPME1 protein Q9Y570 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Leu309 RRTPDYFl -1 18394995 t lperfetto "Methylation of the carboxy-terminal Leu309 in a conserved TPDYFL309 motif of the C subunit has been shown to enhance the affinity of the PP2A core enzyme for some, but not all, regulatory subunits |Demethylation and negative regulation of PP2A is mediated by a PP2A-specific methylesterase PME-1, which is conserved from yeast to humans." SIGNOR-265748 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu57 EVRKGNLeRECVEET -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263677 PDYN protein P01213 UNIPROT OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258416 FGF12 protein P61328 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253428 N-acetylserotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:17697 ChEBI ASMT protein P46597 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 22775292 t miannu "Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of human N-acetyl serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), the last enzyme of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway. Melatonin synthesis requires serotonin, which is first acetylated by the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) to produce N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) (Fig. 1A). Then, acetyl serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT, also known as hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase or HIOMT) produces melatonin by transferring a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to NAS." SIGNOR-265476 AR protein P10275 UNIPROT BTG1 protein P62324 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16281084 f "After AR antagonist flutamide treatment, three hundred and twenty-six genes (3.93%) expressed differentially, 97 down-regulated and 219 up-regulated. Among them, eight up-regulated genes might be cell cycle-related, namely CDC10, NRAS, BTG1, Wee1, CLK3, DKFZP564A122, CDKN1A and BTG2. The CDKN1A and BTG1 gene mRNA expression was confirmed to be higher in the experimental group by RT-PCR, while p53 mRNA expression had no significant changes." SIGNOR-253673 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr743 VEVDAAVtPEERHLS 9606 BTO:0000793 12917434 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein at threonine 668 is essential for its copper-responsive trafficking in sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells. We found that the threonine 668 within the abetapp intracellular domain (aid or elsewhere aicd) is indeed phosphorylated by jnk1" SIGNOR-117852 MTARC1 protein Q5VT66 UNIPROT "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24500710 t miannu "our results indicate that mARC can generate nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite when forming an electron transfer chain with NADH, cytochrome b5, and NADH-dependent cytochrome b5 reductase. expression of mARC-1 in HEK cells using a lentivirus vector was used to confirm cellular nitrite reduction to NO." SIGNOR-261419 GABRA6 protein Q16445 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a6-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C334 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263762 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser87 AAAGPALsPVPPVVH 9606 BTO:0000567 10669763 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of the map kinase sites in bcl-2, thr56, thr74, and ser87, is sufficient to inhibit tnf--induced degradation." SIGNOR-74931 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr2446 NKRSRTRtDSYSAGQ 9606 10910062 t "AKT phosphorylated mTOR at two COOH-terminal sites (Thr2446 and Ser2448) in vitro, Ser2448 was the major phosphorylation site in insulin-stimulated or -activated AKT-expressing human embryonic kidney cells. These results demonstrate that mTOR is a direct target of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in mitogen-stimulated cells, and that the identified AKT phosphorylation sites are nested within a repressor domain that negatively regulates the catalytic activity of mTOR.¬†" SIGNOR-251482 "BRCA1-C complex" complex SIGNOR-C299 SIGNOR DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 25400280 f lperfetto "The BRCA1–C complex consisting of BRCA1, Mre11:Rad50:Nbs1 (collectively known as the MRN complex) and CtIP plays a role in DSB end resection, a process that also involves EXO1 and DNA2" SIGNOR-263228 PPP1CC protein P36873 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Ser370 KKTIVNDsRESCVEE 9606 BTO:0001938 23277204 t "Three phosphorylation sites identified are Ser342, Ser367, and Ser403. In the present study, we identify protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) as a negative regulator in the p53 signaling pathway. PP1 directly interacts with Mdmx and specifically dephosphorylates Mdmx at Ser367. The dephosphorylation of Mdmx increases its stability and thereby inhibits p53 activity." SIGNOR-248504 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser214 LVRSREVsVDEGRAC -1 9677319 t llicata "CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin." SIGNOR-250944 MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Leu442 TSKGDKElRTGKEKV -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-13 27YVATRDN g-chain| 20ADSGEGD a-chain| 124RNSVDXLNXN b-chain| 442LRTGKEKV a-chain" SIGNOR-263613 POGLUT1 protein Q8NBL1 UNIPROT NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22872643 t gcesareni "O-glucosylation of epidermal growth factor-like (egf) repeats in the extracellular domain of notch is essential for notch function. O-glucose can be elongated by xylose to the trisaccharide, xylalfa1-3xylalfa1-3glcbeta1-o-ser, whose synthesis is catalyzed by the consecutive action of three glycosyltransferases. A udp-glucose:protein o-glucosyltransferase (poglut/rumi) transfers o-glucose to serine within the o-glucose consensus." SIGNOR-198716 ECM stimulus SIGNOR-ST20 SIGNOR "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30889378 t miannu "Upon binding to the extracellular matrix (ECM), the integrins organize the cytoskeleton and activate intracellular signaling, regulating complex cellular behaviors, including survival, proliferation, migration, and various cell fate transitions" SIGNOR-259042 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser230 PEGATPTsPVGHFAK 9606 BTO:0000848 BTO:0001253 20959475 t lperfetto "Braf(v600e) signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and c-jun nh(2) terminal kinase-mediated activation of foxo4 via its phosphorylation on thr(223), ser(226), thr(447), and thr(451)." SIGNOR-168754 TMLHE protein Q9NVH6 UNIPROT N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine smallmolecule CHEBI:17311 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 11431483 t miannu "Epsilon-N-Trimethyllysine hydroxylase (EC ) is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of l-carnitine and catalyzes the formation of beta-hydroxy-N-epsilon-trimethyllysine from epsilon-N-trimethyllysine, a reaction dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe(2+), and oxygen." SIGNOR-269681 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 21565617 t lperfetto "We show here that in liver, class iia hdacs (hdac4, 5, and 7) are phosphorylated and excluded from the nucleus by ampk family kinases." SIGNOR-216658 SNRPG protein P62308 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270659 TIMM17A protein Q99595 UNIPROT "TIM23 complex" complex SIGNOR-C423 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 32074073 t lperfetto "The human TIM23 complex is formed by the core components TIM50 (50), TIM23 (23) and TIM17A/B (17A/B). The sorting elements are TIM21 (21) and ROMO1, and the motor elements include TIM44 (44), PAM18 (18; DNAJC15 and DNAJC19), PAM16 (16; MAGMAS), mtHSP70 (Mortalin) and GrpE." SIGNOR-267695 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT TK1 protein P04183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 14701726 t miannu "We show that hTK1 is degraded via a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in mammalian cells and that anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activator Cdh1 is not only a necessary but also a rate-limiting factor for mitotic degradation of hTK1. By in vitro ubiquitinylation assays, we demonstrated that hTK1 is targeted for degradation by the APC/C-Cdh1 ubiquitin ligase dependent on this KEN box motif." SIGNOR-272945 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1190 DIYETDYyRKGGKGL -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254705 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR TK1 protein P04183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 14701726 t miannu "We show that hTK1 is degraded via a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in mammalian cells and that anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activator Cdh1 is not only a necessary but also a rate-limiting factor for mitotic degradation of hTK1. By in vitro ubiquitinylation assays, we demonstrated that hTK1 is targeted for degradation by the APC/C-Cdh1 ubiquitin ligase dependent on this KEN box motif." SIGNOR-272946 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14701756 t miannu "We demonstrate that the coexpression of Smad1 and Smad4 with the CHIP protein results in the degradation of the Smad proteins through a ubiquitin-mediated process. " SIGNOR-272947 "tyrphostin B42" chemical CHEBI:131968 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-189386 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000614 18511691 t Luana "Interestingly, Creb1 was one of the activated MeCP2 targets that we validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (Fig. 1C), and using ChIP analysis we found that in vivo MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of Creb1, with significantly enhanced binding in MECP2-Tg samples compared to WT (p < 0.05) | In addition, Sst and CREB1 protein levels were increased in MECP2-Tg hypothalami compared to WT, indicating that MeCP2 indeed enhances expression of Sst and Creb1" SIGNOR-264682 SUZ12/EZH2/YY1 complex SIGNOR-C102 SIGNOR PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0002314 20887952 t lperfetto "TNF-activated p38a kinase promotes the interaction between YY1 and PRC2, via threonine 372 phosphorylation of EZH2, the enzy- matic subunit of the complex, leading to the for- mation of repressive chromatin on Pax7 promoter." SIGNOR-235583 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1714 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248822 STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14701756 t miannu "CHIP mediates the ubiquitination of Smad1. we demonstrate that the coexpression of Smad1 and Smad4 with the CHIP protein results in the degradation of the Smad proteins through a ubiquitin-mediated process. " SIGNOR-272948 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a2-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C331 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264921 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DQA1 protein P01909 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253991 "CSTF complex" complex SIGNOR-C441 SIGNOR mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 10669729 f lperfetto "Polyadenylation of mRNA precursors is a two-step reaction requiring multiple protein factors. Cleavage stimulation factor (CstF) is a heterotrimer necessary for the first step, endonucleolytic cleavage, and it plays an important role in determining the efficiency of polyadenylation." SIGNOR-268369 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT PSTPIP1 protein O43586 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr345 PERNEGVyTAIAVQE 9606 11163214 t Manara "PSTPIP1 was phosphorylated by ABL1, and growth factor–induced PSTPIP1 phosphorylation was diminished in Abl null fibroblasts." SIGNOR-260809 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT DLG1 protein Q12959 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser158 FVSHSHIsPIKPTEA 9606 19066288 t llicata "We also show that dlg1 is phosphorylated by both cdk1 and cdk2 on ser158 and ser442. These phosphorylated sites together affect the nuclear localisation of the protein, and implicate the role of phosphorylation on ser158 and ser442 in its putative nuclear functions as a tumour suppressor. phosphorylation on ser158 and ser442 enhances nuclear expression of dlg1" SIGNOR-182761 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MEF2A protein Q02078 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser355 SALQGFNsPGMLSLG 9606 BTO:0000567 10849446 t lperfetto "We have previously shown that bmk1 regulates c-jun gene expression through direct phosphorylation and activation of transcription factor mef2c.Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to mef2c, bmk1 phosphorylates and activates mef2a and mef2d but not mef2b.The sites phosphorylated by activated bmk1 were mapped to ser-355, thr-312, and thr-319 of mef2a and ser-179 of mef2d both in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-236587 C5 protein P01031 UNIPROT C5AR1 protein P21730 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 cleavage:Arg751;Arg677 HKDMQLGrLHMKTLL;KEILRPRrTLQKKIE 1847994 t "complement C5a (anaphylatoxin) fragment: PRO_0000005988" lperfetto "The chemotactic receptor for human C5a anaphylatoxin|The human C5a receptor was cloned from U937 and HL-60 cells and identified by high affinity binding when expressed in COS-7 cells." SIGNOR-263457 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9843571 t gcesareni "TGF-² treatment initiates a kinase cascade that results in the phosphorylation of Smad3, followed by its heteromerization with Smad4 and subsequent translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-235168 4-(2,4,5-tripyridin-4-yl-3-thiophenyl)pyridine smallmolecule CHEBI:94284 ChEBI GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0000551 19860666 t gcesareni "Both molecules gant58 and gant61 were capable of interfering with gli1 as well as gli2-mediated transcription in a dose-dependent manner" SIGNOR-188866 RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins." SIGNOR-16659 "ribosomal RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:18111 ChEBI "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-269470 TFAP2D protein Q7Z6R9 UNIPROT ST8SIA2 protein Q92186 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9031 24462686 t lperfetto "We use chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel shift assays to demonstrate direct interaction between AP-2 and the ST8SIA2 promoter.|We show that ST8SIA2 is induced by AP-2δ overexpression in chick retina. We use chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel shift assays to demonstrate direct interaction between AP-2δ and the ST8SIA2 promoter." SIGNOR-268992 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser180 GSLKPGSsHRKTKKP 9606 BTO:0003076 11598012 t lperfetto "We provide direct evidence that PKCbeta acts as a feedback loop inhibitor of Btk activation. Inhibition of PKCbeta results in a dramatic increase in B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated Ca2+ signaling. We identified a highly conserved PKCbeta serine phosphorylation site in a short linker within the Tec homology domain of Btk. Mutation of this phosphorylation site led to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and membrane association of Btk, and augmented BCR and FcepsilonRI-mediated signaling in B and mast cells, respectively. | This deductive analysis indicated that PKCbeta phosphorylates S180 in the region bisecting the Btk motif (BM) and the PRR of the TH domain." SIGNOR-249110 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr464 QEGSIEVyEDAGSHY 9606 BTO:0000763 20861316 t lperfetto "We identified multiple novel c-abl-mediated nmmlck phosphorylation sites by mass spectroscopy analysis (including y231, y464, y556, y846) and examined their influence on nmmlck function and human lung endothelial cell (ec) barrier regulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of nmmlck increased kinase activity" SIGNOR-167993 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT STMN3 protein Q9NZ72 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser60 SFEVILKsPSDLSPE -1 22577147 t lperfetto "Altogether, these results indicate that CDK5 phosphorylates similarly serines 68 and 73, whereas ERK2 targets mostly serine 68 and GSK-3beta mostly serine 60.|This observation may support the hypothesis of a specific localization of stathmin 3 depending on its phosphorylation by GSK-3beta" SIGNOR-264883 FURIN protein P09958 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22479394 t "Cleavage in Golgi" gcesareni "The proteolytic activity of furin responsible for processing full length notch-1 (p300) plays a critical role in notch signaling." SIGNOR-196914 DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr288 VDLACTPtDVRDVDI 10090 BTO:0000165;BTO:0000222 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 15546868 t lperfetto "Mirk activated mef2 not through direct phosphorylation of mef2 but by phosphorylation of its inhibitors, the class ii histone deacetylases (hdacs). Mef2 is sequestered by class ii hdacs such as hdac5 and mef2-interacting transcriptional repressor (mitr). Mirk antagonized the inhibition of mef2c by mitr, whereas kinase-inactive mirk was ineffective. Mirk phosphorylates class ii hdacs at a conserved site within the nuclear localization region, reducing their nuclear accumulation in a dose-dependent and kinase-dependent manner" SIGNOR-235801 FZR1 protein Q9UM11 UNIPROT REV1 protein Q9UBZ9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23287467 t miannu " Here, we show that human REV1 undergoes proteosomal degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase-promoting complex (APC). REV1 associates with APC. Overexpression of APC coactivator CDH1 or CDC20 promotes polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of REV1." SIGNOR-272893 XL765 chemical CHEBI:71958 ChEBI PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-207872 selumetinib chemical CHEBI:90227 ChEBI MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258280 FYCO1 protein Q9BQS8 UNIPROT MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26468287 t Giulio "The preferential binding to LC3A and -B was confirmed in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation experiments of Myc-tagged FYCO1 and GFP fusions of human ATG8 family pro-teins expressed in HEK293 cells (Fig. 2B). GFP-LC3A and GFP-LC3B were efficiently co-precipitated with Myc-FYCO1,whereas GFP-LC3C, GFP-GABARAP, GFP-GABARAPL1 and-L2 were not. The effects we see on late steps of basal autophagy on mutation of the FYCO1 LIR motif correlate with a role of FYCO1 in regulating kinesin-mediated transport of LC3-positive autophagic structures." SIGNOR-260598 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 PAPARPRsPSQTRKG 9606 16733250 t lperfetto "Here we report that amphiphysin i (amph i) is also a mnb/dyrk1a substrate. This kinase phosphorylated native amph i in rodent brains and recombinant human amph i expressed in escherichia coli. Serine 293 (ser-293) was identified as the major site, whereas serine 295 and threonine 310 were found as minor kinase sitesamph i phosphorylated by mnb/dyrk1a decreased endophilin binding in vitro. From these results we conclude that amph i at ser-293 is phosphorylated by mnb/dyrk1a and that the phosphorylation has physiological significance in controlling the interaction of amphiphysin with endocytic accessory proteins." SIGNOR-146902 RPL30 protein P62888 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262470 miR221 mirna URS0000245997_9606 RNAcentral MEOX2 protein P50222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" 10090 20819939 t "We show that miR-1 and miR-206 facilitate satellite cell differentiation by restricting their proliferative potential. We identify Pax7 as one of the direct regulatory targets of miR-1 and miR-206. Inhibition of miR-1 and miR-206 substantially enhances satellite cell proliferation and increases Pax7 protein level in vivo" SIGNOR-255922 ziprasidone chemical CHEBI:10119 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258503 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT STAMBP protein O95630 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 14755250 t miannu "RNF11 recruits AMSH to Smurf2 E3 ligase. Smurf2 promotes ubiquitination of AMSH in the presence of wt RNF11. Previously, we have shown that RNF11 interacts with the HECT-type E3 ligases AIP4 and Smurf2. Here, we show that RNF11 binds to AMSH in mammalian cells and that this interaction is independent of the RNF11 RING-finger domain and the PY motif. Our results also demonstrate that AMSH is ubiquitinated by Smurf2 E3 ligase in the presence of RNF11 and that a consequent reduction in its steady-state level requires both RNF11 and Smurf2. RNF11 therefore recruits AMSH to Smurf2 for ubiquitination, leading to its degradation by the 26S proteasome." SIGNOR-272951 PDHX protein O00330 UNIPROT PAX6 protein P26367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000120 12783165 t miannu "In the heterologous cell line BHK-21, Pdx1 inhibited by 60 to 80% the activation of the alpha-cell specific element G1 conferred by Pax-6 and/or Cdx-2/3. Although Pdx1 could bind three AT-rich motifs within G1, two of which are binding sites for Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3, the affinity of Pdx1 for G1 was much lower as compared to Pax-6. In addition, Pdx1 inhibited Pax-6 mediated activation through G3, to which Pdx1 was unable to bind. Moreover, a mutation impairing DNA binding of Pdx1 had no effect on its inhibition on Cdx-2/3. Since Pdx1 interacts directly with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3 forming heterodimers, we suggest that Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene transcription through protein to protein interactions with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3." SIGNOR-254903 "docetaxel anhydrous" chemical CHEBI:4672 ChEBI TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 23337758 t miannu "Tubulin exists in the cell as dimers of α and β subunits, which complexes with a variety of regulatory proteins. There is a dynamic equilibrium between free and polymerized tubulin causing a state called ""dynamic instability,"" which is a target of anticancer drugs, which inhibit tubulin through polymerization (taxanes, epothilones) or depolymerization (vinca alkaloids). Docetaxel-based therapy was the first such treatment to demonstrate a survival benefit in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer." SIGNOR-259342 TACR2 protein P21452 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256879 Naltriben chemical CID:5486827 PUBCHEM OPRD1 protein P41143 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258425 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF41 protein Q9H4P4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271090 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr332 ILAIHDSyKPEFHSD 10029 BTO:0000246 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248391 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TERF1 protein P54274 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser219 SKLLMIIsQKDTFHS 9606 BTO:0000567 11375976 t lperfetto "Telomeric protein pin2/trf1 as an important atm target in response to double strand dna breaks. activated atm directly phosphorylated pin2/trf1 preferentially on the conserved ser(219)-gln site in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-108419 SKIL protein P12757 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 10531062 t lperfetto "Thus, SnoN can interact with Smad4 and Smad2 and inhibit their abilities to activate transcription." SIGNOR-227479 MMP20 protein O60882 UNIPROT ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Asn360 DFVDIPEnFFGVGGE -1 10922468 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases 19 and 20 cleave aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)|In this study we investigated the ability of MMP-19 and MMP-20 to cleave two of the macromolecules characterising the cartilage ECM, namely aggrecan and the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Both MMPs hydrolysed aggrecan efficiently at the well-described MMP cleavage site between residues Asn(341) and Phe(342), as shown by Western blotting using neo-epitope antibodies. Furthermore, the two enzymes cleaved COMP in a distinctive manner, generating a major proteolytic product of 60 kDa. Our results suggest that MMP-19 may participate in the degradation of aggrecan and COMP in arthritic disease, whereas MMP-20, due to its unique expression pattern, may primarily be involved in the turnover of these molecules during tooth development." SIGNOR-266979 EGFL7 protein Q9UHF1 UNIPROT Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20372059 f miannu "EGFL7 drives the formation of neurons from neural stem cells. In the embryonic and adult brain this process is essential for neurogenesis and homeostasis of the nervous system. In this review, we discuss the implications of our findings for adult neurogenesis and illustrate the potential of EGFL7 to serve as an agent to increase neurogenesis and the self-renewal potential of the brain" SIGNOR-266859 RNF11 protein Q9Y3C5 UNIPROT STAMBP protein O95630 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14755250 t miannu "RNF11 recruits AMSH to Smurf2 E3 ligase. Smurf2 promotes ubiquitination of AMSH in the presence of wt RNF11. Previously, we have shown that RNF11 interacts with the HECT-type E3 ligases AIP4 and Smurf2. Here, we show that RNF11 binds to AMSH in mammalian cells and that this interaction is independent of the RNF11 RING-finger domain and the PY motif. Our results also demonstrate that AMSH is ubiquitinated by Smurf2 E3 ligase in the presence of RNF11 and that a consequent reduction in its steady-state level requires both RNF11 and Smurf2. RNF11 therefore recruits AMSH to Smurf2 for ubiquitination, leading to its degradation by the 26S proteasome." SIGNOR-272953 cardiolipin smallmolecule CHEBI:28494 ChEBI Inner_mitochondrial_membrane complex SIGNOR-C411 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25627476 t lperfetto "The lipid composition of the IMM varies from that of the OMM. PC and PE are still the most abundant phospholipids in the IMM, comprising about 75 % of total lipids.|One of the biggest differences between OMM and IMM lipid composition is the greater concentration of CL that is found in the IMM. Here, CL makes up about 15–20 % of the total phospholipid mass" SIGNOR-267004 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NUP153 protein P49790 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser529 SPMFKFSsPIVKSTE 9606 19767751 t llicata "These results indicate that phosphorylation of nup153 and nup214 by erk strongly reduces their affinity for importin-. nup153 depletion caused a strong inhibition of nuclear accumulation of gfp?importin-beta in both erk-inhibited and erk-activated cells (fig. 8b,c), indicating that nup153 is essential for the efficient importin-beta transport." SIGNOR-188143 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT FZD8 protein Q9H461 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22653731 t gcesareni "Structural basis of wnt recognition by frizzled." SIGNOR-197638 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser454 YVPMNPNsPPRQHSS 10029 BTO:0000246 15379552 t lperfetto "Our results demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylate Gab1 at six serine/threonine residues (T312, S381, S454, T476, S581, S597) in consensus motifs for MAP kinase phosphorylation. |serine and threonine phosphorylation are capable of modulating the initial signal" SIGNOR-249460 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser291 PVSSLQAsVPGSVPG 9606 16027724 t llicata "Phosphorylation of the homeotic tumor suppressor Cdx2 mediates its ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation|We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylated Cdx2 in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-250729 N-[4-[[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl]thio]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91336 ChEBI AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258303 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser159 GIPVRCYsAEVVTLW -1 10500146 t llicata "We also show that casein kinase I, but not casein kinase II, can phosphorylate and activate cdk5 in vitro." SIGNOR-250798 PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT PREX2 protein Q70Z35 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25829446 t irozzo "Here, we used cell biology, biochemistry, and genetic approaches to show that PTEN suppresses cell movement by blocking PREX2 GEF–catalyzed activation of the GTPase RAC1. PTEN binds PREX2 and directly inhibits GEF activity." SIGNOR-259190 GRM1 protein Q13255 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264347 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT YTHDC1 protein Q96MU7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15175272 t lperfetto "We show that yt521-b is tyrosine phosphorylated by c-abl in the nucleus.We propose that tyrosine phosphorylation causes sequestration of YT521-B in an insoluble nuclear form, which abolishes the ability of YT521-B to change alternative splice sites." SIGNOR-125167 NPFF protein O15130 UNIPROT NPFFR1 protein Q9GZQ6 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11024015 t gcesareni "Npff specifically bound to npff1 (k(d) = 1.13 nm) and npff2 (k(d) = 0.37 nm), and both receptors were activated by npff in a variety of heterologous expression systems" SIGNOR-82916 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT CD163 protein Q86VB7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1085 RQRLAVSsRGENLVH -1 11298324 t llicata "Interaction of CD163 with the regulatory subunit of casein kinase II (CKII) and dependence of CD163 signaling on CKII and protein kinase C. | Inhibition studies using specific kinase inhibitors reveal that both CKII and PKC are involved in the CD163 signaling mechanism resulting in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines." SIGNOR-251056 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN11A protein Q9UI33 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253437 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 34955012 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent-kinases (CDKs) are members of the serine/threonine kinase family and are highly regulated by cyclins, a family of regulatory subunits that bind to CDKs. CDK9 represents one of the most studied examples of these transcriptional CDKs. CDK9 forms a heterodimeric complex with its regulatory subunit cyclins T1, T2 and K to form the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). " SIGNOR-267740 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0004136 12393465 t miannu "These results indicate that AML1-ETO competes c-Jun away from binding to the β3β4 domain of PU.1. Thus, the c-Jun coactivation function of PU.1 is down-regulated and this in turn down-regulates transcriptional activity of PU.1." SIGNOR-260098 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr573 AENGLLMtPCYTANF 9606 BTO:0000567 9687510 t lperfetto "Thus, MAPK1/ERK1 and MAPK2/ERK2 activate three closely related protein kinases known as MAPK_activated protein kinases_1a, _1b and _1c (MAPKAP_K1a/b/c; also known as RSK1/2/3)" SIGNOR-59363 MYBBP1A protein Q9BQG0 UNIPROT "B-WICH complex" complex SIGNOR-C447 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21559432 t miannu "The B-WICH complex is an extended form of WICH [26], and is involved in both RNA pol I and RNA pol III transcription [20], [21]. In addition to the three core proteins, WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin (NM1); the myb binding protein 1b, RNA helicase II/DXX21, and SAP155 all also associate via RNA species [21]. The subunit SNF2h is an ISWI ATPase, which slides nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner [27]. WSTF is a component of several complexes: two SNF2h complexes, B-WICH [21] and WICH [26], and one SWI/SNF type of chromatin remodelling complex, the WINAC complex, which is involved in vitamin D-mediated RNA pol II transcription" SIGNOR-268821 LPAR4 protein Q99677 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257170 "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 19813271 f "The core binding factor (CBF), consisting of a Runx protein and the CBFβ protein, is a transcription factor complex that is essential for emergence of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) from an endothelial cell stage. The hematopoietic defects observed in either Runx1 or CBFβ knockout mice underscore the necessity of this complex for definitive hematopoiesis." SIGNOR-255740 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser840 VRSAFTTsTVVRMHV -1 15894802 t lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-249279 IHH protein Q14623 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001253 9811851 t lperfetto "Biochemical analysis of ptch and ptch2 shows that they both bind to all hedgehog family members with similar affinity and that they can form a complex with smo.Current models suggest that binding of Shh to PTCH prevents the normal inhibition of the seven-transmembrane-protein Smoothened (SMO) by PTCH." SIGNOR-61311 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257806 GLUD1 protein P00367 UNIPROT "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9913 11254391 t "Glutamate dehydrogenase is found in all organisms and catalyses the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate." SIGNOR-266917 "lysophosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:132742 ChEBI LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257529 NCOA2 protein Q15596 UNIPROT RXRA protein P19793 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11851396 t gcesareni "Here, it is demonstrated that mutation of the h11 phenylalanine residues diminishes the ability of rxr to associate with the p160 coactivators tif2 and p/cip, but has little effect on ligand-dependent interactions of the receptor with the unrelated coactivator tif1." SIGNOR-114847 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser295 TKRRKSMsGASPKES 9606 23708659 t lperfetto "Rsk promotes g2/m transition through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b rsk is likely to be more active in mitotic cells than in interphase cells, as evidenced by the phosphorylation status of t359/s363 in rsk. Together, these findings indicate that rsk promotes g2/m transition in mammalian cells through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b." SIGNOR-252776 TP53BP2 protein Q13625 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11839776 t gcesareni "53bp2 interacts with the tumour suppressor p53 and enhances p53-mediated activation of transcription, possibly by facilitating the dephosphorylation of one or more sites on p53" SIGNOR-114762 ALYREF protein Q86V81 UNIPROT "TREX complex" complex SIGNOR-C444 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 33191911 t miannu "The TREX complex is found in all eukaryotes and contains the multi-subunit THO complex, the DEXD-box RNA helicase UAP56/DDX39B (yeast Sub2), and an RNA export adapter such as ALYREF (yeast Yra1). The human THO complex comprises six subunits, THOC1, −2, –3, −5, –6, and −7, of which four have known counterparts in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc): THOC1 (yeast Hpr1), −2 (yeast Tho2), −3 (yeast Tex3), and −7 (yeast Mft1) . In this study we focus on the conserved TREX complex (Heath et al., 2016; Xie and Ren, 2019): THO–UAP56/DDX39B–ALYREF, and hereafter refer to UAP56/DDX39B as UAP56." SIGNOR-268511 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 18694962 t "Translocation from Nuleus to Cytoplasm" gcesareni "Serum induces rhoa-dependent translocation of mkl1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and also causes a rapid increase in mkl1 phosphorylation. Serum-induced phosphorylation of the serum response factor coactivator mkl1 by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibits its nuclear localization." SIGNOR-269996 IL7R protein P16871 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000776 18445337 t milica "For instance, jak1 is associated with the ? Subunits of ?c Cytokines such as il-7r? And IL-4R. jak3 is associated with the ?c20,21. Cytokine binding mediates the trans-phosphorylation of receptor associated jak kinases, which in turn phosphorylate tyrosine residues on the receptors themselves. The receptor phosphotyrosines serve as docking sites for sh2 domain proteins including the stat family of transcription factors which are activated by jak-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-178494 "phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:37530 ChEBI "Receptor_mediated_ endocytosis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH121 SIGNOR up-regulates 9534 22253445 f lperfetto "Further research suggested that PI4P plays an essential role in SARS-CoV spike-mediated entry, which is regulated by the PI4P lipid microenvironment." SIGNOR-260745 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser75 SPSRLSKsQGGEEEG 9606 20233713 t flangone "Employing an mtor active-site inhibitor wye-125132 (wye-132), we have performed quantitative phospho-proteomics and identified a ser-75-containing phosphopeptide from maf1, a known repressor of rna polymerase iii (pol iii) transcriptionmaf1 mutant proteins carrying s75a alone or with s60a, t64a, and s68a (maf1-s75a, maf1-4a) progressively enhanced basal repression of trna in actively proliferating cells and attenuated amino acid-induced trna transcription" SIGNOR-164352 NUP214 protein P35658 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C9 12917407 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that smad3 and smad4 are capable of interaction with the nucleoporin can/nup214, and this interaction is required for nuclear import" SIGNOR-117647 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001130 12163482 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Mapk also directly phosphorylates src-1 at thr1179 and ser1185. Phosphorylation of src-1 by mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) is required for optimal progesterone receptor-dependent transcription and for functional cooperation with camp response element-binding protein-binding protein" SIGNOR-270194 MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257069 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr694 LAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 10090 BTO:0002882 17356133 t gcesareni "in vitro kinase assays revealed that STAT5 is a direct target of Flt3" SIGNOR-245069 FNIP2 protein Q9P278 UNIPROT HSP90AB1 protein P08238 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 27353360 t miannu "FNIP1 and FNIP2 facilitate FLCN binding to Hsp90 chaperone. Our results suggest that FNIP1 is a potent inhibitor of Hsp90 ATPase activity, as 200 nM of FNIP1 inhibits Hsp90 ATPase activity by 50-fold. FNIP2 also has shown inhibitory activity towards Hsp90; however, it required 1.6 μM of FNIP2 to inhibit the ATPase activity by eightfold. Although we use the term ‘inhibition' here, FNIPs seem only to be slowing the chaperone cycle." SIGNOR-261416 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 20818436 t gcesareni "The consequent activation of_ itch, together with the recruitment of gli1 through direct binding with_ numb, allows gli1 to enter into the complex, resulting in gli1 ubiquitination and degradation. we demonstrate that the hedgehog transcription factor gli1 is targeted by numb for itch-dependent ubiquitination, which suppresses hedgehog signals, thus arresting growth and promoting cell differentiation" SIGNOR-167838 FBXO7 protein Q9Y3I1 UNIPROT WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 phosphorylation:Thr1053 PSSSLPQtPEQEKFL 30566428 t lperfetto "WDR62 is also negatively regulated by T1053 phosphorylation, leading to the recruitment of F-box and WD repeat domain-containing protein 7 (FBW7) and proteasomal degradation. |JNK1 can induce the phosphorylation of WDR62 T1053" SIGNOR-271711 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 SGRARTSsFAEPGGG 9606 11035810 t gcesareni "In response to insulin, gsk3a inhibited by phosphorylation at ser-21 by pkb/akt1;phosphorylation at this site causes a conformational change, preventing access of substrates to the active site." SIGNOR-252589 TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT up-regulates "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 29562314 t "in ALS TDP-43 induces alternative splicing of HNTNPA1 which increases its pathogenic aggregation." "TDP-43 regulates the alternative splicing of hnRNP A1 to yield an aggregation-prone variant in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" SIGNOR-262824 MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 15192231 f gcesareni "We found that msx1 and h1b bind to a key regulatory element of myod, a central regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation, where they induce repressed chromatin." SIGNOR-125765 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 11584304 t lperfetto "S6k then phosphorylates the same serine residue on gsk3 that is targeted by pkb/akt (fig. 1), thereby inhibiting its activity." SIGNOR-252788 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 20956975 t fspada "Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, have been used as in vitro inducers of adipogenesis. However, the roles of the glucocorticoid receptor (gr) in adipogenesis have not been well characterized yet. Here, we show that inhibition of gr activity using the gr antagonist ru486 prevents human mesenchymal stem cell and mouse embryonic fibroblast (mef) differentiation into adipocytes" SIGNOR-168562 F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257353 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser644 GLDFNFDsLISTQNV 9606 19188143 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates foxo3a at ser644. Ikappab kinase (ikk) physically interacts with, phosphorylates, and inhibits foxo3a independent of akt and causes proteolysis of foxo3a via the ub-dependent proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-209769 MAP3K2 protein Q9Y2U5 UNIPROT MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11343802 t lperfetto "Both mekk2 and mekk3 are able to activate the jun kinase pathway in vivo. However, following routine immunoprecipitation in triton x-100, mekk2 but not mekk3 is able to effectively phosphorylate both sek-1 and mek-1 and to undergo autophosphorylation" SIGNOR-244888 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT ADM protein P35318 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 f Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261581 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR NPM1 protein P06748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 SFKKQEKtPKTPKGP 9606 12058066 t lperfetto "Both subtypes of B23 proteins were phosphorylated during mitosis by cyclin B/cdc2. The RNA binding activity of B23.1 was repressed through cyclin B/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation at specific sites in B23. Thus, the RNA binding activity of B23.1 is stringently modulated by its phosphorylation and subtype association." SIGNOR-216745 "lysophosphatidylinositol 22:6" smallmolecule CHEBI:138556 ChEBI GPR55 protein Q9Y2T6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257507 LSM-20934 chemical CHEBI:109533 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 8301582 t miannu "The most selective compound from this group were (+)butaclamol and domperidone which showed 5-fold D3 selectivity. A number of high affinity dopamine receptor agonists, including apomorphine and bromocriptine, also failed to demonstrate selectivity. In contrast, the natural ligand dopamine and the efficacious synthetic agonists quinpirole, (+)4-propyl-9-hydroxynapthoxazine (PHNO), 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (6,7-ADTN), 7-OH DPAT and N-0434 showed marked apparent human dopamine D3 (hD3) receptor selectivity. In the aminotetralin series, this selectivity was observed preferentially with analogs of the 6,7-rotamer compared with compounds from the 5,6-rotamer series. Functional coupling of the hD3 receptor was investigated in a number of cell lines in which the hD3 receptor was stably expressed, including CHO cells, the neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and a rat 1 fibroblast cell line." SIGNOR-258727 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT ACAN protein P16112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21337390 f miannu "The inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA induced OA-like gene expression changes, namely the significant down-regulation of aggrecan and up-regulation of COL10A1 and ADAMTS-5." SIGNOR-255142 ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 32471307 t lperfetto "A major kinase for GPCR‐induced CPI‐17 phosphorylation is PKC which is activated by the PLCbeta‐produced signaling messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It phosphorylates CPI‐17 at Thr38 residue that directly docks at the active site of MLCP, thereby inhibiting its activity and promoting an increase of phosphorylation of myosin and of other MLCP.| CPI-17 can be also directly phosphorylated at Thr38 residue by MYPT1-associated kinase [222], by PAK, which is downstream of Rac and/or Cdc42 cascade [223], by Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) [224] and by PKN [225]." SIGNOR-96696 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C485 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270742 GTP smallmolecule CHEBI:15996 ChEBI Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32955564 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, translation initiation generally occurs by a cap-dependent scanning mechanism, wherein the small (40S) subunit of the ribosome recruits methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) in a ternary complex (TC) with GTP-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), in a reaction stimulated by factors eIF1, eIF1A and eIF3." SIGNOR-269118 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr219 SAINSREtMFHKERF 9606 16252004 t lperfetto "Critical role of novel Thr-219 autophosphorylation for the cellular function of PKCtheta in T lymphocytes." SIGNOR-249298 PGS1 protein Q32NB8 UNIPROT "1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(3-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:60110 ChEBI up-regulates "chemical modification" 9606 29034233 t lperfetto "After activation of PA by the CDP-DAG synthase TAMM41 (Kutik et al., 2008), the phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase (PGS1) catalyzes the committed step by converting CDP-DAG to phosphatidylglycerol phosphate (PGP)" SIGNOR-267023 MOS protein P00540 UNIPROT MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser222 LIDSMANsFVGTRSY 10090 7731726 t Manara "Our data indicate that Mos activated MEK1 in vitro as well as in vivo by phosphorylating Ser 222." SIGNOR-260920 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT STAT2 protein P52630 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation Lys390 QKTLTPEkGQSQGLI 9606 BTO:0000007 17923090 t lperfetto "STAT2 is another important component of ISGF3 complex, and its acetylation was similar to IFNaR2 and IRF9 acetylation in many respects: CBP downregulation largely abolished STAT2 acetylation induction by IFNa (Figure 6A), and CBP was more potent than transferases tested in catalyzing STAT2 acetylation (Figure 6B). [...] Figure 6 (I) STAT2-K390R substitution has reduced activity in ISGF3 complex formation." SIGNOR-217891 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264288 TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT RIPK1 protein Q13546 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys377 NEPSLQSkLQDEANY 9606 18621737 t lperfetto "Following binding to tradd, traf2 was thought to mediate non-degradative lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of rip1 via its ring e3 ligase domain. Rip1 is known to directly interact with traf2." SIGNOR-179456 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr509 PVFDLTTtPKGGTPA 9606 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-145967 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT DPYSL3 protein Q14195 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser518 KGGTPAGsARGSPTR 9606 16611631 t lperfetto "Together, these results suggest that crmp4 is able to increase neurite formation and elongation in neurons, although not as potently as crmp2, and that this process is regulated by ser522/ser518/thr514/thr509 phosphorylation in both cases. We demonstrate that cdk5 primes crmp2 and crmp4 for subsequent phosphorylation by gsk3, whereas dyrk2, phosphorylates and primes only crmp4 in vitro" SIGNOR-145975 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr561 ESYEGNSyTFIDPTQ 9606 BTO:0001271 15297464 t lperfetto "Csf-1-mediated wild-type (wt)-csf-1r phosphorylation was not markedly affected by sfk inhibition, indicating that lack of sfk binding is not responsible for diminished y559f phosphorylation. Unexpectedly, cells expressing y559f were hyperproliferative in response to csf-1. Hyperproliferation correlated with prolonged activation of akt, erk, and stat5 in the y559f mutant. Consistent with a defect in receptor negative regulation, c-cbl tyrosine phosphorylation and csf-1r/c-cbl co-association were almost undetectable in the y559f mutant. Furthermore, y559f underwent reduced multiubiquitination and delayed receptor internalization and degradation. In conclusion, we propose that tyr559 is a switch residue that functions in kinase regulation, signal transduction and, indirectly, receptor down-regulation." SIGNOR-127622 WNT3 protein P56703 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131823 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SH2B3 protein Q9UQQ2 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr273 LEMPDNLyTFVLKVK 9606 9169414 t lperfetto "In vitro tyrosine phosphorylation of lnk by lck and zap-70. Tyrosine 297 would appear to be an attractive target for phosphorylation within the c-terminal domain. Our studies suggest that although lnk may participate in tcr signaling, its functions are in no way limiting during t cell development or activation." SIGNOR-48850 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser529 SNSGRARsDPTHQHR 9606 BTO:0001938 17229891 t llicata "In the present study, we show that DYRK1A autophosphorylates, via an intramolecular mechanism, on Ser-520, in the PEST domain of the protein. | Instead, we demonstrate that this phosphorylation allows the binding of 14-3-3beta, which in turn stimulates the catalytic activity of DYRK1A." SIGNOR-251090 GZMA protein P12544 UNIPROT SET protein Q01105 UNIPROT down-regulates cleavage 9606 11555662 t miannu "Gzma cleaved the nucleosome assembly protein set after lys176 and disrupted its nucleosome assembly activity." SIGNOR-110462 MLLT1 protein Q03111 UNIPROT "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 20153263 t 1 miannu "These data demonstrate that AF4, AF5q31 and ENL associate in an endogenous higher-order complex (hereafter referred to as AEP for the AF4 family/ENL family/P-TEFb complex) containing P-TEFb in hematopoietic lineage cells." SIGNOR-239228 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT CAV2 protein P51636 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser23 DDSYSHHsGLEYADP 9606 BTO:0001130 12743374 t lperfetto "We show that caveolin-2 is phosphorylated in vivo at two serine residues and that the phosphorylation of caveolin-2 is necessary for its actions as a positive regulator of caveolin-1 during organelle biogenesis in prostate cancer cells. Mutation of the primary phosphorylation sites on caveolin-2, serine 23 and 36, reduces the number of plasmalemma-attached caveolae" SIGNOR-101106 SPTB proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF73 SIGNOR "Non-erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C385 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24302288 t lperfetto "Spectrin is a large, cytoskeletal, and heterodimeric protein composed of modular structure of alpha and beta subunits, it typically contains 106 contiguous amino acid sequence motifs called “spectrin repeats”. Spectrin is crucial for maintaining the stability and structure of the cell membrane and the shape of a cell" SIGNOR-266027 SMARCA1 protein P28370 UNIPROT HNuRF complex SIGNOR-C448 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14609955 t miannu "hNURF is a chromatin remodeler. Here, we describe the purification of the first human SNF2L complex. The subunit composition suggests that it represents the human ortholog of the dNURF complex. In this regard, the hNURF complex also contains BPTF and RbAP46/48. Surprisingly, hNURF does not contain the inorganic pyrophosphatase protein NURF38. Nonetheless, the biochemical activity of hNURF is similar as it displayed predominantly nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity, as well as potent chromatin-remodeling activity on oligonucleosomal arrays." SIGNOR-268818 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT GHR protein P10912 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr487 SLSNIDFyAQVSDIT 10029 BTO:0000246 12907755 t "PTPH1 only bound Tyr534, whereas PTP1B and TC-PTP bound multiple phosphopeptides. Earlier work suggests that Tyr332, Tyr487, Tyr534, Tyr566, and Tyr627 are all phosphorylated after GH stimulation (21). Apart from Tyr627, all of these also appear good PTP substrates" SIGNOR-248392 G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT DDX58 protein O95786 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 9606 31827077 f miannu "We further identified that G3BP1 is able to interact with RIG-I and boost its expression. RIG-I expression could be stabilized by G3BP1 via antagonizing RNF125-mediated RIG-I degradation. Secondly, we demonstrated that G3BP1 potentiates the self-association and auto-ubiquitination of RNF125. Hence, it is more likely that G3BP1 first promotes RNF125 degradation by enhancing self-association and auto-ubiquitination of RNF125, and then RIG-I degradation mediated by RNF125 is alleviated" SIGNOR-261319 CYP11B2 protein P19099 UNIPROT 11-deoxycorticosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:16973 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000048 33117906 t lperfetto "The zona glomerulosa lacks the 17alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, committing pregnenolone to the exclusive production of aldosterone.|In the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) catalyzes the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) to 11-deoxycortisol to form cortisol and the conversion of progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone to form aldosterone" SIGNOR-268681 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR ALDH2 protein P05091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr356 GNPFDSKtEQGPQVD 10090 BTO:0000801 30375985 t lperfetto "Further studies demonstrate that in the absence of LDLR, AMPK phosphorylates ALDH2 at threonine 356 and enables its nuclear translocation. Nuclear ALDH2 interacts with HDAC3 and represses transcription of a lysosomal proton pump protein ATP6V0E2, critical for maintaining lysosomal function, autophagy, and degradation of oxidized low-density lipid protein." SIGNOR-271862 MARCHF9 protein Q86YJ5 UNIPROT VAMP8 protein Q9BV40 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001522 19457934 t miannu "MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets. " SIGNOR-271531 Linsitinib chemical CID:11640390 PUBCHEM IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10090 24712877 t lperfetto "Effects of the antitumor drug OSI-906, a dual inhibitor of IGF-1 receptor and insulin receptor, on the glycemic control, β-cell functions, and β-cell proliferation in male mice" SIGNOR-262028 bradykinin smallmolecule CHEBI:3165 ChEBI BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257464 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NFIL3 protein Q16649 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19805059 t miannu "GR directly regulates transcription of circadian clock components in mouse and human primary MSCs. Per2, E4bp4, Per1, and Timeless rapidly respond to glucocorticoid stimulation. Primary glucocorticoid receptor (GR) target genes are those at which GR occupies a nearby genomic glucocorticoid response element (GRE) and regulates target gene transcription" SIGNOR-268051 HNRNPU protein Q00839 UNIPROT IER3 protein P46695 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 17174306 f lperfetto "In the present study, we show that hnRNP-U specifically enhances the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA by increasing its stability, possibly through binding to the 3' untranslated region. We also show that hnRNP-U enhances the expression of several other genes as well, including GADD45A, HEXIM1, HOXA2, IER3, NHLH2, and ZFY, by binding to and stabilizing these mRNAs." SIGNOR-262285 NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22395773 t FFerrentino "In differentiated adipocyte cell lines, SIRT1 inhibits adipogenesis and enhances fat mobilization through lipolysis by suppressing the activity of PPARγ. SIRT1 achieves this by promoting the assembly of a corepressor complex, involving NCoR1 and SMRT, on the promoters of PPARγ target genes to repress their transcription." SIGNOR-253508 PRKCQ protein Q04759 UNIPROT ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser488 LSASPRMsGFIYQGK 25694429 t lperfetto "Recently, we have reported that the active form of Rac 1 GTPase binds to the glycogen phosphorylase muscle isoform (PYGM) and modulates its enzymatic activity leading to T cell proliferation.|More specifically, αPIX, a known guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPases of the Rho family, preferentially Rac 1, mediates PYGM activation in Kit 225 T cells stimulated with IL-2. Using directed mutagenesis, phosphorylation of αPIX Rho-GEF serines 225 and 488 is required for activation of the Rac 1/PYGM pathway." SIGNOR-272168 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr355 NKRRRSVtPPEEQQE 9606 23708659 t lperfetto "Rsk promotes g2/m transition through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b rsk is likely to be more active in mitotic cells than in interphase cells, as evidenced by the phosphorylation status of t359/s363 in rsk. Together, these findings indicate that rsk promotes g2/m transition in mammalian cells through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b." SIGNOR-252779 NTS protein P30990 UNIPROT NTSR1 protein P30989 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 1331689 t gcesareni "The rat neurotensin receptor cdna sequence was transfected in chinese hamster ovary cells and cellular clones which stably express the corresponding protein were isolated and characterized. The scatchard analysis of the specific binding of [3h]neurotensin indicated a kd value of 0.45 +/- 0.08 nm and a bmax value of 3.27 +/- 0.29 pmol/mg of protein. ...Neurotensin Stimulated the phosphoinositides hydrolysis" SIGNOR-17369 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CEACAM1 protein P13688 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr493 NKMNEVTySTLNFEA 9606 BTO:0000007 9867848 t lperfetto "Recent reports have also suggested that Bgp1 behaves as a signal transduction molecule. Several physiological events promote the Tyr phosphorylation of Bgp1 on one or two Tyr residues within its cytoplasmic domain (Tyr-488 and Tyr-515). BGP becomes Tyr-phosphorylated by Src-like Tyr kinases in activated neutrophils (24) and in human colon carcinoma cellsWe have recently shown that Tyr phosphorylation of the mouse Bgp1 cytoplasmic domain in CT51 mouse colonic carcinoma cells led to its binding to the protein-Tyr phosphatase SHP-1 and that this event required the presence of both Tyr-488 and Tyr-515" SIGNOR-246471 HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005173 17656568 f miannu "We have hypothesized that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved with PTH-induced MMP-13 gene expression in the osteoblastic cell line, UMR 106-01. We have shown that PTH profoundly regulates HDAC4 in UMR 106-01 cells through a PKA-dependent pathway, leading to removal of HDAC4 from the MMP-13 promoter and its enhanced transcription." SIGNOR-254235 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr74 ARTSPLQtPAAPGAA 9606 10669763 t gcesareni "The results of this study reveal the following novel findings: destruction of the three putative MAP kinase sites at positions 56, 74, and 87 results in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the protein. Progressive inactivation of these MAP kinase sites revealed that Bcl-2 stability is mainly regulated by phosphorylation at Thr74 and Ser87, with Ser87 phosphorylation playing a predominant role. TNF-Œ± or the MAP kinase-specific inhibitor PD98059 diminishes Ser87 phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in vivo, while activated ERK2 induces phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-74943 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "AX/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C171 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257621 CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr273 SPSVHPAtPISPGRA 9606 BTO:0002181 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138965 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 ELLCLRRsSLKAYGN 9606 11809767 t lperfetto "Akt mediates sequestration of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor in response to insulin. Phosphorylation studies of the c-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor by akt in vitro identified ser(345) and ser(346) within a consensus motif for akt phosphorylation." SIGNOR-252469 EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32955564 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, translation initiation generally occurs by a cap-dependent scanning mechanism, wherein the small (40S) subunit of the ribosome recruits methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) in a ternary complex (TC) with GTP-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), in a reaction stimulated by factors eIF1, eIF1A and eIF3." SIGNOR-269115 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NDE1 protein Q9NXR1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr215 ATGSVPStPIAHRGP 9606 BTO:0000007 12556484 t lperfetto "Moreover, both proteins were phosphorylated by Cdc2 and Erk2 in vitro. In the case of Nudel, the phosphorylation sites were also located in the S/TP motifs. Detailed mutagenesis study indicated that T219, S242, and T245 were phosphorylated by Cdc2, while T219 and T245 were phosphorylated by Erk2.|Phosphorylation of Nudel in M phase appears to positively modulate dynein motor activity. Both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of Nudel were transported by dynein (Fig. 7 and 9 and data not shown), indicating that neither of them inactivated the dynein motor. On the other hand, both phospho-Nudel and Nudelpmt5 bound Lis1 more strongly than Nudel or Nudelmt5 did" SIGNOR-249422 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1654 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 24746699 t lperfetto "After PIC formation, Pol II initiates mRNA synthesis, but productive transcription requires Pol II to escape from the PIC and transit into transcription elongation. The transition between initiation and elongation is associated with phosphorylation at the serine 5 (Ser5) residues within the hepta-peptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest Pol II subunit. Ser5 phosphorylation is mediated primarily by Kin28, the kinase subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH" SIGNOR-269369 INTS5 protein Q6P9B9 UNIPROT "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 7227 26220997 t lperfetto "Integrator is a metazoan-specific multisubunit, multifunctional protein complex composed of 14 subunits named Int1–Int14 (Integrator subunits) " SIGNOR-261465 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT FMR1 protein Q06787 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15479157 f miannu "we show that Sp1 (specificity protein 1) and Sp3 are also strong positive regulators of FMR1 promoter activity." SIGNOR-255203 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT G6PD protein P11413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22789539 f miannu "We identified six genes involved in the PPP and NADPH production pathways as direct targets of Nrf2. To identify the target genes of NRF2 responsible for cell proliferation, we performed microarray analysis in A549 cells treated with NRF2 siRNA or control siRNA. We used three independent NRF2 siRNAs and selected genes whose expression levels were reduced to less than 66.7% of that of the control sample by all three siRNAs to minimize off-target effects (Table S1). In addition to the typical target genes of NRF2 encoding detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins (cytoprotective genes), genes whose products are involved in the PPP (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [PGD], transketolase [TKT], and transaldolase 1 [TALDO1]) and de novo nucleotide synthesis (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase [PPAT] and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 [MTHFD2]) were decreased by the NRF2 knockdown (Figure 1B). Genes encoding enzymes for NADPH synthesis (malic enzyme 1 [ME1] and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 [IDH1]) were also decreased (Figure 1B). We also confirmed the reduction of the enzyme proteins encoded by these genes in the NRF2-knockdown cells (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-267354 propionyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57392 ChEBI (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57327 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15890657 t miannu "Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of propionyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA. PCC consists of two heterologous subunits, alpha PCC and beta PCC, which are encoded by the nuclear PCCA and PCCB genes, respectively." SIGNOR-267185 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT ANOS1 protein P23352 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "By integrating transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) of Nfia- and Nfix-deficient GNPs with epigenomic profiling (ChIP-seq against NFIA, NFIB and NFIX, and DNase I hypersensitivity assays), we reveal that these transcription factors share a large set of potential transcriptional targets, suggestive of complementary roles for these NFI family members in promoting neural development" SIGNOR-268878 S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT AGER protein Q15109 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001545 28137827 t miannu "RAGE and TLR4 are well-characterized S100A8 and S100A9 receptors and expressed in AML cells Once secreted, S100A8 and S100A9 induce immune and inflammatory responses9 through interaction with receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE), and CD33" SIGNOR-261920 TNKS2 protein Q9H2K2 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 19759537 t lperfetto "Together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TNKS promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of axin, which may be mediated, at least in part, through the direct PARsylation of axin." SIGNOR-263378 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 11971985 t "We demonstrated the in vitro phosphorylation of SRC-3 by the two catalytic subunits of the IKK complex, IKKα and IKKβ.  IKK kinase activity is required for synergistic activation with SRC-3" SIGNOR-251298 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT ALDH2 protein P05091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser296 KSPNIIMsDADMDWA -1 28056995 t lperfetto "Post-translational enhancement of ALDH2 activity can be achieved by serine/threonine phosphorylation by epsilon protein kinase C (epsilonPKC). |e identified S279 as a critical εPKC phosphorylation site in the activation of ALDH2. The critical catalytic site, cysteine 302 (C302) of ALDH2 is susceptible to adduct formation by reactive aldehyde, 4HNE, which readily renders the enzyme inactive. We show that phosphomimetic mutations of T185E, S279E and T412E confer protection of ALDH2 against 4HNE-induced inactivation, indicating that phosphorylation on these three sites by εPKC likely also protects the enzyme against reactive aldehydes." SIGNOR-271864 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR miR-155 mirna URS000062749E_9606 RNAcentral "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18619954 f "We found that directed expression of MRFs in the neural tube of chicken embryos induced ectopic expression of miR-1 and miR-206. Conversely, the lack of Myf5 but not of MyoD resulted in a loss of miR-1 and miR-206 expression." SIGNOR-255920 PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 16699525 t lperfetto "To investigate the temporal regulation of IRF3-dependent transcription by Pin1, we used a rapid-response luciferase reporter gene. Real-time reporter gene assays showed that suppression of endogenous Pin1 expression substantially prolonged both IRF3-dependent transcription and IFN-beta promoter activation after poly(I)dotpoly(C) stimulation (Fig. 4c,d). Consistent with the inhibitory effects of Pin1 on the IFN-beta promoter" SIGNOR-252289 4-[[5-amino-1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)-oxomethyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]amino]benzenesulfonamide chemical CHEBI:94506 ChEBI CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193543 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr591 SSDNEYFyVDFREYE 9606 11971190 t lperfetto "Previously we reported that flt3 with itd (flt3/itd) formed a homodimer and was autophosphorylated on tyrosine residuewe examined the role of tyr residues (y589, y591, y597 and y599) in the jm domain in the activation of flt3. In wt-flt3, these tyr residues were important for the fl-dependent activation" SIGNOR-117575 SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT SMAD7/HDAC1/E2F-1 complex SIGNOR-C12 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23213415 t gcesareni "Furthermore, smad7 caused hdac-1 bind to e2f-1 to form a ternary complex on chromosomal dna containing an e2f-binding motif and leading to repression in the activity of the e2f target genes" SIGNOR-199970 IFNAR1 protein P17181 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21631354 t miannu "These results indicate that NF-κB activation by IFN via the PI3K pathway is distinct from the ISRE-driven mechanism in regulating gene expression. Activation of PI3K/AKT by IFN has also been described through the insulin receptor substrate 1 (Uddin and others 1997) and through the direct interaction of PI3K with IFNAR1, which also leads to induction of NF-κB activity" SIGNOR-260435 FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9632781 t gcesareni "In addition to the direct interactions with grb2, tyrosine-phosphorylated frs2 forms a complex with the sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase shp2. This interaction results in tyrosine phosphorylation of shp2 and complex formation between shp2 and grb2. the catalytic activity of shp2 is essential for a sustained map kinase response and for potentiation of fgf-induced neurite outgrowth in pc12 cells" SIGNOR-58196 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "Foxo1 antagonized ppargamma activity and vice versa indicating that these transcription factors functionally interact in a reciprocal antagonistic manner." SIGNOR-252915 DCC protein P43146 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15494734 t miannu "Here we show that different regions of the intracellular domain of DCC directly interacted with the tyrosine kinases Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Netrin activated both FAK and Src and stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of DCC. Inhibition of Src family kinases reduced DCC tyrosine phosphorylation and blocked both axon attraction and outgrowth of neurons in response to netrin. Mutation of the tyrosine phosphorylation residue in DCC abolished its function of mediating netrin-induced axon attraction. On the basis of our observations, we suggest a model in which DCC functions as a kinase-coupled receptor, and FAK and Src act immediately downstream of DCC in netrin signaling." SIGNOR-268372 NAB2 protein Q15742 UNIPROT EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000414 20506119 f miannu "Our results suggest that in many cells of neuroectodermal and epithelial origin EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 activate NAB2 transcription which is in turn repressed by NAB2, thus establishing a negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-253886 VAMP2 protein P63027 UNIPROT Synaptic_vesicle_exocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH160 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 17331077 f miannu "Synaptobrevin 2/VAMP2 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 2), a critical component of the synaptic vesicle-fusion machinery. On the SV membrane, VAMP2 is engaged in a complex with synaptophysin I, which is mutually exclusive with the formation of fusogenic SNARE complexes." SIGNOR-264103 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser112 AIKVEPAsPPYYSEK 9606 9030579 t llicata "The a/b domain of human ppargamma1 was phosphorylated in vivo, and this was abolished either by mutation of serine 84 to alanine (s84a) or coexpression of a phosphoprotein phosphatase. In vitro, this domain was phosphorylated by erk2 and jnk, and this was markedly reduced in the s84a mutant. Thus, phosphorylation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase site in the a/b region of ppargamma inhibits both ligand-independent and ligand-dependent transactivation functions." SIGNOR-46518 SLC27A2 protein O14975 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264462 MTCP1 protein P56278 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 10983986 t lperfetto "Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation" SIGNOR-244413 UBE2K protein P61086 UNIPROT RNF138 protein Q8WVD3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 16714285 t miannu "NARF exhibits E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity in cooperation with the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, E2-25K. These data show that the auto-ubiquitylating activity of NARF is coordinated with E2-25K, and that the RING finger domain of NARF is indispensable for this reaction." SIGNOR-271594 EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT 43S_pre_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C453 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269163 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR FBXO28 protein Q9NVF7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31678254 t miannu "Here we report that FBXO28, a poorly characterized F-box protein, is a novel substrate of SCF E3 ligase. Pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of neddylation pathway that is required for the activation of SCF stabilizes FBXO28 and prolongs its half-life. Meanwhile, FBXO28 is subjected to ubiquitination and cullin1-based SCF complex promotes FBXO28 degradation. CUL1, but not other cullin family members, promotes FBXO28 degradation" SIGNOR-272217 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "AL/b2 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C169 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257650 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000742 15568017 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that adenylyl cyclase signalling via PKA and its target transcription factor CREB are required for Wnt-directed myogenic gene expression." SIGNOR-255799 ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15385642 t miannu "Adenylyl cyclases (AC), a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cyclic AMP, are critical regulators of cellular functions." SIGNOR-265003 UBE4B protein O95155 UNIPROT PTTG1 protein O95997 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 15611659 t miannu "We further demonstrate that Ufd2 directly and efficiently ubiquitylates securin in vitro and is required for securin polyubiquitylation in vivo. This is the first description of a physiologic substrate for Ufd2, establishing this E4 enzyme as an important regulator of chromosome condensation and separation during mitosis in human cells. " SIGNOR-271523 WNT5A protein P41221 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131841 AUTS2 protein Q8WXX7 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 28505103 f miannu "Cytoplasmic AUTS2 regulates actin cytoskeleton to control neuronal migration and neurite extension, while nuclear AUTS2 controls transcription of various genes as a component of the polycomb complex 1 (PRC1)." SIGNOR-266816 OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256854 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS2 protein Q9Y4H2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr628 PKVAYHPyPEDYGDI -1 9195949 t "Tyr624 and Tyr628 are involved in the interaction between the IR and the KRLB domain of IRS-2, including tyrosine phosphorylation, and Tyr628 seems to be more important than Tyr624 in this process. the binding between the insulin receptor and the KRLB domain of IRS-2 results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the KRLB domain, and this leads to decreased binding of IRS-2 to the insulin receptor." SIGNOR-251318 NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000671 24349431 t lperfetto "Deletion mapping demonstrated that the C-terminus of cystin and both termini of necdin are required for their mutual interaction. Speculating that these two proteins may function to regulate gene expression, we developed a luciferase reporter assay and observed that necdin strongly activated the Myc P1 promoter, and cystin did so more modestly." SIGNOR-253381 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser309 SLGEGNGsPNHQPEP 9606 20682773 t lperfetto "We previously established that phosphorylation of lsf in early g1 at ser-291 and ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in g1 is required for its reactivation. This predominant cis conformation would also limit dephosphorylation of ser-291 and ser-309 by phosphatases such as pp2a" SIGNOR-167389 MYCT1 protein Q8N699 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 30283340 f miannu "Herein, we observed that overexpression of MYCT1 induced apoptosis in HL-60 and KG-1a cells, and upregulated Bax, downregulated Bcl-2, and enhanced cleavage of caspase-3 and -9. Similar proapoptotic role of MYCT1 was also found in the AML cell xenografts. These results suggest that MYCT1 affects AML cell apoptosis by modulating the endogenous apoptotic pathways." SIGNOR-261943 KAT2A protein Q92830 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269588 MMP13 protein P45452 UNIPROT FGA protein P02671 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Ala20 VVGTAWTaDSGEGDF -1 10930399 t lperfetto "Matrix metalloproteinases collagenase-2, macrophage elastase, collagenase-3, and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase impair clotting by degradation of fibrinogen and factor XII| We have now investigated the role of collagenase-2 (MMP-8), macrophage elastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) in the degradation of fibrinogen and Factor XII of the plasma clotting system.|MMP-13 27YVATRDN g-chain| 20ADSGEGD a-chain| 124RNSVDXLNXN b-chain| 442LRTGKEKV a-chain" SIGNOR-263612 IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30518405 f miannu "We further demonstrated that IMPDH2 overexpression accelerated G1/S phase cell cycle transition by inducing increased expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 and downregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. More importantly, G1/S phase cell cycle transition was triggered by IMPDH2 through activation of AKT activity, downregulation of mTOR and FOXO1 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-260957 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15546612 t gcesareni "Purified recombinant cycc:cdk8 phosphorylates the notch icd within the tad and pest domains, and expression of cycc:cdk8 strongly enhances notch icd hyperphosphorylation and pest-dependent degradation by the fbw7/sel10 ubiquitin ligase in vivo." SIGNOR-130640 NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85./it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner./lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-252700 MAGI2 protein Q86UL8 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 22626542 t miannu "S-SCAM is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of PDZ-domain-containing proteins that include the synaptic organising molecule PSD-95. The PDZ domain of S-SCAM binds to the C-terminal tail of NL2, forming a ternary complex at the cell membrane (Figure 2b). The DGC is potentially recruited to the postsynaptic membrane though a direct neurexin–dystroglycan interaction and an indirect interaction with NL2 via the synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM." SIGNOR-265445 "CoREST-HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C105 SIGNOR SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 16140033 f lperfetto "This suggests that the HDACs in the LSD1 complex are likely to function upstream of CoREST/LSD1, generating a hypoacetylated histone substrate, which can then be better recognized by CoREST/LSD1. Further supporting this model, we found that inhibition of HDAC activity by TSA resulted in derepression of two LSD1 target genes, the human neuronal-specific sodium channel (SCN) genes, SCNA2 and SCNA3 (Figure 1H)." SIGNOR-268541 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT HSPA5 protein P11021 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19417144 f miannu "We show the involvement of HDAC1 in the negative regulation of the Grp78 promoter not only by its induction in the presence of the HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and MS-275 but also by exogenous overexpression and small interfering RNA knockdown of specific HDACs." SIGNOR-254227 "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI 48S_initiation_complex complex SIGNOR-C454 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269164 CYP2D6 protein P10635 UNIPROT tyramine smallmolecule CHEBI:15760 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Under specific conditions, dopamine can also be synthesized by a minor pathway, in which L-tyrosine is converted into p-tyramine (mediated by AADC), with subsequent hydroxylation to dopamine by the enzyme CYP2D6 (Cytochrome P450 2D6) which is found in the substantia nigra of human brain¬†" SIGNOR-263995 NDUFS1 protein P28331 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)The N-module, which is the tip of the hydrophilic arm and the last one to be incorporated [30,35], results from the assembly of NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NDUFS1 and NDUFA2 [34], to which NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFA12, NDUFS4, NDUFS6 and NDUFV3 must be further associated with to complete the module [24]." SIGNOR-262175 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr853 PREKRRStGVSFWTQ 10090 10601309 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation by Rho-kinase inhibited MP activity and this reflected a decrease in V(max). Activity of MP with different substrates also was inhibited by phosphorylation. Two major sites of phosphorylation on MYPT1 were Thr(695) and Thr(850)." SIGNOR-249034 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 t "inferred from family member" "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-267792 NHLH2 protein Q02577 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21573214 f miannu "Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the co-expression of LMO3 and HEN2 attenuates HES1 (a negative regulator for Mash1)-dependent reduction of luciferase activity driven by the Mash1 promoter." SIGNOR-254828 RPL38 protein P63173 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262461 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser189 QAGSHSNsFRLSNGR 9606 BTO:0000017 11676480 t lperfetto "In this process, PTPalpha Ser-180 and Ser-204 phosphorylation is critical for the induction of phosphatase activity, which is required for dephosphorylation of pp60(c-src). Taken together, we demonstrate the physical and functional association between PI 3-kinase, PKCdelta and PTPalpha in a signaling complex that mediates the antitumor activity of the somatostatin analogue TT-232." SIGNOR-249113 exemestane chemical CHEBI:4953 ChEBI CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-191520 valrubicin chemical CHEBI:135876 ChEBI TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000096 16019763 t miannu "Valrubicin (N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate) is a semi-synthetic derivative of the anthracycline doxorubicin. Valrubicin inhibits the incorporation of nucleosides into nucleic acids, causing extensive chromosomal damage and cell-cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Its principal metabolites inhibit topoisomerase II, thus arresting DNA synthesis." SIGNOR-259384 MAP2K3 protein P46734 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9534 7839144 t lperfetto "Two human MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) were cloned that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase." SIGNOR-232156 BAP1 protein Q92560 UNIPROT Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 10090 26416890 f lperfetto "The BAP1/ASXL2 Histone H2A Deubiquitinase Complex Regulates Cell Proliferation and is Disrupted in Cancer." SIGNOR-241660 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser221 DHEKKAYsFCGTVEY 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-250553 1-(4-((6,7-Dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-2-methoxyphenyl)-3-(1-(thiazol-2-yl)ethyl)urea chemical CID:9869779 PUBCHEM CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t llicata "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258126 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 21440011 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FoxOs by Akt inhibits transcriptional functions of FoxOs and contributes to cell survival, growth and proliferation.The PI3K/Akt signaling regulates cell proliferation and survival in part by phosphorylating FoxOs to promote their interaction with 14-3-3 protein that results in nuclear exclusion and eventual ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP)-dependent degradation of FoxOs" SIGNOR-252348 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GTF2A1 protein P52655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 VEEEPLNsEDDVSDE -1 11278496 t llicata "We now show that human TFIIA is phosphorylated in vivo on serine residues that are partially conserved between yeast and human TFIIA large subunits. Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo. Additional alanine substitutions at serines 280 and 281 reduced phosphorylation to undetectable levels. Mutation of all four serine residues reduced the ability of TFIIA to stimulate transcription in transient transfection assays with various activators and promoters, indicating that TFIIA phosphorylation is required globally for optimal function." SIGNOR-250876 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 t "inferred from family member" miannu "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-267786 HNF4A protein P41235 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-270255 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT STMN1 protein P16949 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser16 KELEKRAsGQAFELI 9606 8376365 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at either ser(16) or ser(63) strongly reduced or abolished the ability of stathmin to bind to and sequester soluble tubulin and its ability to act as a catastrophe factor by directly binding to the microtubules. The known in vivo phosphorylation sites of stathmin are ser-16 and ser-63 for cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka)." SIGNOR-38318 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT LMTK2 protein Q8IWU2 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12832520 t gcesareni "Cprk displays catalytic activity in in vitro kinase assays and is itself phosphorylated by cdk5/p35. Cdk5/p35 inhibits cprk activity." SIGNOR-102652 proline smallmolecule CHEBI:26271 ChEBI AminoAcids stimulus SIGNOR-ST5 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" 29259120 t lperfetto "All extant life employs the same 20 amino acids for protein biosynthesis" SIGNOR-264744 HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "CoREST-HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C105 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11171972 t miannu "Here we describe the components of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that we term the CoREST-HDAC complex. CoREST Is a Component of an HDAC1/2 Complex. p40 is a Sox-like protein, p110b contains homology to polyamine oxidases, p110a is ZNF217, an eight-zinc finger protein, and p80 is a hypothetical protein of unknown function." SIGNOR-222127 CYSLTR1 protein Q9Y271 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256740 PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT "1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:18348 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 23000145 t scontino "Upon stimulation with various immune receptors, PLCγ2 cleaves the membrane-bound phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-biphosphate (PIP2) into the second messenger molecules inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)." SIGNOR-268452 CTTNBP2NL protein Q9P2B4 UNIPROT STRN4 protein Q9NRL3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 23015759 t miannu "Although CTTNBP2 and CTTNBP2NL are different in terms of tissue and subcellular distribution, our data indicate that, similar to CTTNBP2NL, CTTNBP2 associates with members of the striatin family, namely striatin and zinedin. Moreover, CTTNBP2 is critical for the distribution of striatin and zinedin in dendritic spines. The role of CTTNBP2 in the regulation of the synaptic distribution of striatin and zinedin suggests that CTTNBP2 regulates synaptic signaling through PP2A." SIGNOR-261701 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser50 RNRYRDVsPFDHSRI 10090 11579209 t lperfetto "We conclude that ptp1b is a novel substrate for akt and that phosphorylation of ptp1b by akt at ser(50) may negatively modulate its phosphatase activity creating a positive feedback mechanism forinsulin signaling" SIGNOR-235491 NGF protein P01138 UNIPROT NGFR protein P08138 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14699954 t amattioni "Neurotrophin binding to p75ntrhas also been shown to induce apoptosis" SIGNOR-120555 KNL1 protein Q8NG31 UNIPROT "KNL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C363 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27881301 t lperfetto "KNL1C (known as Spc105 complex in S. cerevisiae) contains the KNL1 and ZWINT subunits." SIGNOR-265193 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNAI2 protein P04899 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 16885213 t lperfetto "Using this assay we determined that mouse Smo couples to all members of the Gi family but does not couple to those of other G protein families." SIGNOR-148490 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr743 VEVDAAVtPEERHLS 10116 BTO:0000938 10936190 t llicata "In vitro, active cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) phosphorylated the cytoplasmic domain of APP at Thr(668). Treatment of mature neurons with an antisense oligonucleotide to Cdk5 suppressed Cdk5 expression and significantly diminished the level of phosphorylated APP. The expression of APP was unaffected in antisense-treated neurons. These results indicate that in neurons APP is phosphorylated by Cdk5, and that this may play a role in its localization." SIGNOR-250651 CTNNA3 protein Q9UI47 UNIPROT JUP protein P14923 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000586 21598020 t miannu "Overexpression of CTNNA3 in a CTNNA1 negative colon carcinoma cell line resulted in the reassembly of the adherens and tight junctions through the recruitment of CTNNA3 interacting partners such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, plakoglobin, and ZO-14" SIGNOR-265494 "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR 80S_cytosolic_ribosome complex SIGNOR-C455 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 35489072 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, mRNA is recruited to the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which consists of the 40S ribosomal subunit, translation initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and a ternary complex (TC) composed of eIF2, GTP and Met-tRNAiMet. 43S PIC binds to the 5′ end of the mRNA and scans along the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) in the 3′ direction to find the start codon (AUG) within the context of an optimal Kozak sequence. Start codon recognition stabilizes the 48S initiation complex (48S IC), initiates dissociation of eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2 and eIF5, and promotes recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form 80S IC ready to enter the elongation cycle of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-269171 SYNJ1 protein O43426 UNIPROT MYO1E protein Q12965 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 17257598 t miannu "We describe binding of two PRD-containing endocytic proteins, dynamin and synaptojanin-1, to the SH3 domain of Myo1E. This interaction was detected both in vitro, using pull-downs of purified proteins, and in vivo, using immunoprecipitation of protein complexes from synapse-enriched brain extract and immunolocalization of Myo1E and dynamin. Our observation of the interaction between human Myo1E and endocytic proteins suggests that this longtailed myosin may play a role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis.Interaction between Myo1E SH3 domain and PRD-containing endocytic proteins may promote recruitment of Myo1E to clathrin-coated structures since an inactivating mutation in the SH3 domain reduced Myo1E localization to clathrin-containing puncta." SIGNOR-265423 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 12612081 f acerquone "We found that insulin-induced ir tyrosine phosphorylation and pkb/akt sig- naling were enhanced in tcptp- cells and suppressed upon tcptp reconstitution, providing persuasive evidence that tcptp can regulate ir activation and signaling." SIGNOR-98811 HOXB1 protein P14653 UNIPROT OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000946 9556594 t Luana "Transactivation of the mouse OTX2 Luc constructs by the human HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 proteins. | Likewise, the construct pOTX2LucΔ−710 showed an 8-, 12-, and 6-fold increase in transcriptional activity if co-transfected with pSG-HOXB1, -HOXB2, and -HOXB3, respectively" SIGNOR-261633 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPTOR protein Q8N122 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser863 LTQSAPAsPTNKGVH 9606 SIGNOR-C3 21071439 t lperfetto "We found three proline-directed residues within raptor, ser(8), ser(696), and ser(863), which are directly phosphorylated by erk1/2. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient alleles of raptor revealed that phosphorylation of these sites by erk1/2 normally promotes mtorc1 activity and signaling to downstream substrates, such as 4e-bp1." SIGNOR-174878 GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT ETV2 protein O00321 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 24583263 t irozzo "Transcriptional assays with the Spi1 promoter-reporter demonstrated that Gata2 cooperates with Etv2 and augments the transcriptional activity of Etv2.The protein-protein interaction between Etv2 and Gata2 is mediated by the Ets and Gata domains. Using the embryoid body differentiation system, we demonstrate that co-expression of Gata2 augments the activity of Etv2 in promoting endothelial and hematopoietic lineage differentiation." SIGNOR-256008 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 FLMECRNsPVTKTPP 9606 BTO:0000007 12747827 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in response to insulin, egf and pdgf. Phosphorylation at thr-37, thr-46, ser-65 and thr-70, corresponding to the hyperphosphorylated form, is regulated by mtorc1 and abolishes binding to eif4e." SIGNOR-236690 STOML2 protein Q9UJZ1 UNIPROT PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21746876 f Giorgia "We performed real-time RT-PCR to measure the levels of PGC-1alpha mRNA and found that these were increased in SLP-2hi cells (Fig. 3h), supporting the idea that upregulation of SLP-2 expression is associated with an increase in the expression of mitochondrially targeted genes." SIGNOR-260379 ABCA7 protein Q8IZY2 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 27472885 f miannu "Together these results indicate that ABCA7 mediates phagocytic clearance of amyloid-β in the brain, and reveal a mechanism by which loss of function of ABCA7 increases the susceptibility to AD." SIGNOR-265176 PAMPs stimulus SIGNOR-ST11 SIGNOR COLEC11 protein Q9BWP8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20956340 t lperfetto "We finally show that CL-11 binds to intact bacteria, fungi, and viruses and that CL-11 decreases influenza A virus infectivity and forms complexes with DNA|it is conceivable that CL-11 plays a role in activation of the complement system and in the defense against invading microorganisms." SIGNOR-263408 ETS1 protein P14921 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 11175361 f miannu "Ets1 and Ets2 seem to play opposing roles in apoptosis. While Ets1 seems to activate pro-apoptotic pathways, Ets2 seems to inhibit apoptosis" SIGNOR-259869 ORC1 protein Q13415 UNIPROT ORC complex SIGNOR-C419 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32808929 t lperfetto "The dynamic nature of the human origin recognition complex revealed through five cryoEM structures|Genome replication is initiated from specific origin sites established by dynamic events. The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is necessary for orchestrating the initiation process by binding to origin DNA, recruiting CDC6, and assembling the MCM replicative helicase on DNA. Here we report five cryoEM structures of the human ORC (HsORC) that illustrate the native flexibility of the complex. |The very first step of this initiation process is accomplished by DNA association with the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), a six-subunit protein that forms a partial ring around origin DNA" SIGNOR-267567 ABCC9 protein O60706 UNIPROT "KATP channel" complex SIGNOR-C274 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28842488 t lperfetto "ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, found throughout the body, are generated as octameric complexes consisting of four pore-forming Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 subunits with four regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1 or SUR2) subunits." SIGNOR-262057 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19121306 f lperfetto "However, we did detect WAFL binding to bothWIP and actin by immunoprecipitation (Fig. 4). In conclusion, we propose a model whereby WAFL associates toendocytic vesicles by its coiled-coil domain and is involved in actin-based movement of early endosomes via WIP and binding to actin." SIGNOR-260610 PIM3 protein Q86V86 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t miannu "Pim kinases phosphorylate multiple sites on Bad and promote 14-3-3 binding and dissociation from Bcl-XL. pim kinases are constitutively active when expressed in HEK-293 cells and are able to phosphorylate the Bcl-2 family member Bad on three residues, Ser112, Ser136 and Ser155 in vitro and in cells." SIGNOR-250396 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity" SIGNOR-183655 CNR2 protein P34972 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257095 RBCK1 protein Q9BYM8 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 18711448 t miannu "Here we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RBCC protein interacting with PKC1 (RBCK1) catalyzes the ubiquitination and degradation of IRF3. We transfected 293 cells with expression plasmids for Flag-IRF3, HA-ubiquitin, and HA-RBCK1. Coimmunoprecipitation and western blot analysis indicated that RBCK1 significantly polyubiquitinated IRF3 (Figure 4D)." SIGNOR-271737 PIGBOS1 protein A0A0B4J2F0 UNIPROT ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31653868 f miannu "We then confirmed via Western blot that TM treatment of PIGBOS-KD cells led to higher ATF4 and CHOP protein levels (Supplementary Fig. 13h). These data identified PIGBOS as a heretofore unknown mitochondrial regulator of UPR, and the only known microprotein linked to the regulation of cell stress or inter-organelle signaling. Upon UPR induction with TM, the loss of PIGBOS led to dramatic increases in the levels of all UPR target genes measured, indicating increased UPR signaling across all the branches (IRE1, PERK, and ATF6) (Fig. 6d and Supplementary Fig. 14a). Meanwhile, PIGBOS overexpressing cells showed the opposite effect, in which the UPR target genes showed less UPR activation, indicating a tunable modulation of ER stress by PIGBOS microprotein levels" SIGNOR-261041 SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT NRAS protein P01111 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000938 11560935 t lperfetto "Sos and Ras-GRF are two families of guanine nucleotide exchange factors that activate Ras proteins in cells. Sos proteins are ubiquitously expressed and are activated in response to cell-surface tyrosine kinase stimulation Sos1 and Ras-GRF1 activate the Ras proteins Ha-Ras, N-Ras, and Ki-Ras" SIGNOR-110566 Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine chemical CID:94880 PUBCHEM KCNN2 protein Q9H2S1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 18955585 t Luana "Here, we used the neuroprotectant riluzole as a template for the design of KCa2/3 channel activators that are potent enough for in vivo studies. Of a library of 41 benzothiazoles, we identified 2 compounds, anthra[2,1-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-20) and naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine (SKA-31), which are 10 to 20 times more potent than riluzole and activate KCa2.1 with EC50 values of 430 nM and 2.9 μM, KCa2.2 with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM, KCa2.3 with EC50 values of 1.2 and 2.9 μM, and KCa3.1 with EC50 values of 115 and 260 nM. " SIGNOR-258027 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI succinyl-CoA(5-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57292 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15953811 t miannu "The Œ±-ketoglutarate‚Äìdehydrogenase complex is a complex including multiple copies of three proteins: E1k (Œ±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), E2k (dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase), and E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) (Fig. 2). The consecutive action of the three catalytic components of KGDHC results in oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, preserving the energy in the form of succinylCoA and NADH." SIGNOR-266253 ARFGEF1 protein Q9Y6D6 UNIPROT ARF1 protein P84077 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000599 14973189 t lperfetto "Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 (BIG1) is an approximately 200-kDa brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein that preferentially activates ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and ARF3. " SIGNOR-272147 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser164 FGHSAAVsPTFMPRS 9606 BTO:0000782 12151396 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro. Erk catalyzes the phosphorylation more efficiently than jnk" SIGNOR-91063 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2W protein Q96B02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271340 PROX1 protein Q92786 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20064070 f "Human PROX1 is involved in biologic functions closely tied to HIV infection, most notably as a negative regulator of interferon (IFN) gamma expression in T cells" SIGNOR-254506 NDFIP2 protein Q9NV92 UNIPROT NEDD4 protein P46934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0002181 26363003 t SARA "Ndfip1 is primarily localized in the Golgi apparatus where it recruits Nedd4-2 to mediate the degradation of mature hERG proteins during channel trafficking to the plasma membrane. Although Ndfip2 directs Nedd4-2 to the Golgi apparatus, it also recruits Nedd4-2 to the multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which may impair MVB function and impede the degradation of mature hERG proteins mediated by Nedd4-2." SIGNOR-260995 pomalidomide chemical CHEBI:72690 ChEBI CRBN protein Q96SW2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 22552008 t miannu "Our biophysical, biochemical and gene silencing studies show that CRBN is a proximate, therapeutically important molecular target of lenalidomide and pomalidomide." SIGNOR-259283 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR ALDH3A1 protein P30838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0001078 26124079 t miannu "We now show that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 for the ALDH3 family of enzymes. We now show that the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ALDH3 mediated by FBXL12 (F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 12) is essential for execution of the differentiation program of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). FBXL12 is present only in eutherian mammals, and its expression is largely restricted to the placenta during mouse embryogenesis. FBXL12 was found to interact specifically with members of the ALDH3 family and to mediate their polyubiquitylation. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that FBXL12 interacted efficiently only with members of the ALDH3 family (ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, and ALDH3B1), showing little if any association with those of the ALDH1 family (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3) (Fig. 2H). Collectively, these results suggested that SCFFBXL12 is an authentic E3 specific for ALDH3 family members." SIGNOR-272817 ACVR1B protein P36896 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 2920215 f Regulation miannu "Activin, also named FSH-releasing protein, was previously shown to induce hemoglobin accumulation in K562 cells and potentiate the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-E in human bone marrow cultures." SIGNOR-251768 MRPL17 protein Q9NRX2 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262340 MRAP2 protein Q96G30 UNIPROT MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce the surface expression of MC4R and also the signaling of this receptor. we observed a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of MC4R and MC5R in the presence of MRAP and MRAP2. It is interesting that MRAP and MRAP2 have opposite effects in the modulation of different MCR family members." SIGNOR-252365 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI KAR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF57 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15919192 t miannu "Glutamate receptor ion channels mediate excitatory responses at the majority of CNS synapses. The glutamate receptor ion channels (iGluRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain and spinal cord and mediate responses at the vast majority of excitatory synapses. Mammalian iGluRs are encoded by 18 genes that assemble to form four major families, the AMPA, kainate, NMDA and delta receptors. There are four AMPA receptor genes (GluR1‚Äì4); five kainate receptor genes (GluR5‚Äì7, plus KA1 and KA2); seven NMDA receptor genes (NR1, NR2A-D, NR3A and NR3B); and two delta subunits." SIGNOR-264694 EVL protein Q9UI08 UNIPROT Neurite_outgrowth phenotype SIGNOR-PH134 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18508258 f miannu "Here we review recent findings into Ena/VASP function in neurite initiation, axon outgrowth and guidance." SIGNOR-268394 "BHC complex" complex SIGNOR-C353 SIGNOR SYN1 protein P17600 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 12032298 t miannu "We show that BHC interacts with the promoter of the synapsin gene and mediates its RE1-dependent repression. BHC is recruited to the endogenous synapsin gene." SIGNOR-264504 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 29953871 f miannu "Ca2+ is arguably the most important second messenger in the brain because of its pivotal roles in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic responses, and plasticity induction." SIGNOR-264953 PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 20110348 t gcesareni "Protein phosphatase 2a reactivates foxo3a through a dynamic interplay with 14-3-3 and aktpp2a-mediated dephosphorylation of t32/s253 is required for dissociation of 14-3-3, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation of foxo3a." SIGNOR-163680 L-serine chemical CHEBI:17115 ChEBI glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 32439610 t lperfetto "Serine catabolism initiated by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) transfers thegamma-carbon amino acid side chain to THF, forming glycine and 5,10-methylene-THF (me-THF) (Fig. 1). The cytosolic (SHMT1) and mitochondrial (SHMT2) isoforms perform the same reactions." SIGNOR-268222 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NCKIPSD protein Q9NZQ3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14559906 t gcesareni "Spin90 was phosphorylated by erk1, which was, itself, activated by cell adhesion and platelet-derived growth factor. Such phosphorylation of spin90 likely promotes the interaction of the spin90.betapix.wasp complex and nck" SIGNOR-118747 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 11742987 f gcesareni "GR-mediated inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity" SIGNOR-251676 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TSC1 protein Q92574 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001573 17671177 t gcesareni "Here, we show that erk may play a critical role in tsc progression through posttranslational inactivation of tsc2. Erk-dependent phosphorylation leads to tsc1-tsc2 dissociation and markedly impairs tsc2 ability to inhibit mtor signalin." SIGNOR-157162 COPS7A protein Q9UBW8 UNIPROT "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18850735 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that plays a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in various eukaryotic organisms. we have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human CSN complex using a new purification method and quantitative mass spectrometry. Purification of the human CSN complex from a stable 293 cell line expressing N-terminal HBTH-tagged CSN5 subunit was achieved by high-affinity streptavidin binding with TEV cleavage elution." SIGNOR-270771 MED20 protein Q9H944 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266679 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PFAS protein O15067 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr619 GQGDAPPtPLPTPVD 9606 32485148 t miannu "T619 in PFAS is required to mediate ERK2-dependent purine synthesis stimulation. We demonstrate that ERK2, but not ERK1, phosphorylates the purine synthesis enzyme PFAS (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) at T619 in cells to stimulate de novo purine synthesis. The expression of nonphosphorylatable PFAS (T619A) decreases purine synthesis, RAS-dependent cancer cell-colony formation, and tumor growth. Thus, ERK2-mediated PFAS phosphorylation facilitates the increase in nucleic acid synthesis required for anabolic cell growth and proliferation." SIGNOR-267306 PIM2 protein Q9P1W9 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 16403219 t lperfetto "All three Pim kinase family members predominantly phosphorylate Bad on Ser112 and in addition are capable of phosphorylating Bad on multiple sites associated with the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic function of Bad in HEK-293 cells. This would be consistent with the proposed function of Pim kinases in promoting cell proliferation and preventing cell death." SIGNOR-249604 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser228 EEDTSFEsLSKFNVK 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262718 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation -1 15894802 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Thus, we showed that it is phosphorylation of Ser-839, not Thr-840, that is absolutely required for the unique Ca2+ oscillations produced by mGluR5 activation. The Thr-840 residue is important only in that it is permissive for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-839." SIGNOR-269972 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2152 TRRRRAPsVANVGSH 9606 15228085 t gcesareni "Site-directed mutagenesis analysis indicated that serine 2152 is the unique substrate in the c-terminal region of abp for endogenously activated pka." SIGNOR-126659 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser633 WRRKRKEsSNTDSAG 9606 BTO:0001853 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251616 HRH4 protein Q9H3N8 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256672 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9096340 t gcesareni "Expression of v-src, a transforming nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, results in ras activation, and ras function in nih 3t3 cells suppresses transformation by v-src, indicating that in these cells ras-dependent signaling pathways are required for v-src to exert its biological effects." SIGNOR-47152 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIA2 protein P42262 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 30825796 t miannu "In the mammalian brain the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission is carried out by Œ±-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors located within the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses" SIGNOR-264609 HACD1 protein B0YJ81 UNIPROT FASN protein P49327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 18554506 t "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. However, the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase catalyzing the third step in mammals has remained unidentified. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases," SIGNOR-267760 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser505 LNTSYPLsPLSDFAT 9606 BTO:0000567 9468497 t llicata "The inhibitor of the 38-kda stress-activated protein kinase (p38(mapk)), sb 203580, reduced phosphorylation of both ser-505 and ser-727 by 50 and 60%, respectively, in thrombin-stimulated platelets." SIGNOR-55706 CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C92 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 32229723 t miannu "Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CIC represses VGF expression by tethering SIN3-HDAC to form a transcriptional corepressor complex. Mass spectrometry analysis of CIC-interacting proteins further identified the BRG1-containing mSWI/SNF complex whose function is necessary for transcriptional repression by CIC. CIC interacts with mSWI/SNF complex during neurogenesis. CIC tethers SIN3-HDAC corepressor complex and mSWI/SNF complex to VGF promoter during neurogenesis." SIGNOR-269207 RIMBP3B protein A6NNM3 UNIPROT RIMS2 protein Q9UQ26 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 11988172 t miannu "SH3 domains of RBPs interact with RIMs. The enhancement of depolarization-induced secretion in PC12 cells by fusion proteins that suppress the associations of RBPs with RIMs and α1 suggests that RBPs may repress RIMs, either directly or through associated proteins." SIGNOR-264369 PP2B proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF18 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 18676376 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Calcineurin dephosphorylates members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)2 transcription factor family, allowing NFAT to translocate to the nucleus where it cooperates with other transcription factors to induce transcription of target genes." SIGNOR-269988 TFIIE complex SIGNOR-C458 SIGNOR TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 31064989 t lperfetto "The heterodimer TFIIE (composed of the TFIIEα and TFIIEβ subunits) seems to play a pivotal role in transcription by directly influencing the transition from initiation to elongation3,4. TFIIE interacts with different factors within the PIC, including Pol II5,6 as well as with DNA immediately upstream of the transcription bubble region7,8. Furthermore, TFIIE seems to influence TFIIH activity9, although it is not clear how this molecular process can occur." SIGNOR-269363 TLR9 protein Q9NR96 UNIPROT TICAM1 protein Q8IUC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t scontino "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-266749 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser516 GDRSGYSsPGSPGTP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249327 TET1 protein Q8NFU7 UNIPROT ZNF382 protein Q96SR6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27708339 t irozzo "Furthermore, TET1 catalytic domain possessed demethylase activity in cancer cells, being able to inhibit the CpG methylation of tumor suppressor gene (TSG) promoters and reactivate their expression, such as SLIT2, ZNF382 and HOXA9." SIGNOR-259095 NDN protein Q99608 UNIPROT PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 24911587 t lperfetto "Necdin bound to PIAS1 central domains that are highly conserved among PIAS family proteins and suppressed PIAS1-dependent sumoylation of the substrates STAT1 and PML (promyelocytic leukemia protein). Remarkably, necdin promoted degradation of PIAS1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In transfected HEK293A cells, amino- and carboxyl-terminally truncated mutants of PIAS1 bound to necdin but failed to undergo necdin-dependent ubiquitination." SIGNOR-253387 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr187 CDIQTHMtNNKGSAA -1 20538596 t lperfetto "Analyses of phosphorylation site mutants of the activation segment indicate that autophosphorylation of Ser-192 precedes TAB1 phosphorylation and is followed by sequential phosphorylation of Thr-178, Thr-187, and finally Thr-184. Finally, we present a model for the chronological order of events governing TAB1-induced TAK1 autoactivation." SIGNOR-227540 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser463 SPHNPISsVS 9606 9136927 t fspada "Here, we report that bmp receptors phosphorylate and activate smad1 directly. Phosphorylation of smad1 in vivo involves serines in the carboxy-terminal motif ssxs. These residues are phosphorylated directly by a bmp type i receptor in vitro" SIGNOR-210084 PITRM1 protein Q5JRX3 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000142 16849325 t Giorgia "In the present study we have identified and characterized the human PreP homologue, hPreP, in brain mitochondria, and we show its capacity to degrade the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta). PreP belongs to the pitrilysin oligopeptidase family M16C containing an inverted zinc-binding motif. We show that hPreP is localized to the mitochondrial matrix. In situ immuno-inactivation studies in human brain mitochondria using anti-hPreP antibodies showed complete inhibition of proteolytic activity against Abeta." SIGNOR-260661 2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58289 ChEBI phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 29767008 t miannu "Alpha-enolase (ENO1), also known as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase, is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. Subsequent studies have shown that three types of enolase isoenzymes exist in mammals: Œ±-enolase (ENO1) is present in almost all mature tissues; Œ≤-enolase (ENO3) exists primarily in muscle tissues; and Œ≥-enolase (ENO2) occurs mainly in nervous and neuroendocrine tissues. All enolases are composed of two identical subunits." SIGNOR-266523 THBS1 protein P07996 UNIPROT Angiogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH46 SIGNOR down-regulates 17326328 f lperfetto "There are many naturally occurring proteins that can inhibit angiogenesis, including angiostatin, endostatin, interferon, platelet factor 4, thorombospondin, prolactin 16 kd fragment, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3" SIGNOR-252271 SMURF proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF29 SIGNOR SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 15817471 t "In the presence of smad6 or smad7 acting as adaptors" lperfetto "Smurfs, which otherwise cannot directly bind to smad4, mediated poly-ubiquitination of smad4 in the presence of smad6 or smad7. Smad signaling is negatively regulated by inhibitory (i) smads and ubiquitin-mediated processes." SIGNOR-253259 EPX protein P11678 UNIPROT PRG2 protein P13727 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "post translational modification" 9606 BTO:0000399 18694936 t miannu "Human eosinophils are bone marrow-derived, non-dividing granulocytes of the innate immune system, which store the highly cationic proteins eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in secondary granules. we demonstrated that Tyr nitration of the eosinophil granule proteins is exclusively mediated by EPO, in the presence of functional NADPH oxidase and minute amounts of NOx. EPO appears to nitrate itself via an autocatalytic mechanism." SIGNOR-261703 UBE2D1 protein P51668 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 20603330 t miannu "We have identified SPRY domain-containing SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) box protein 2 (SPSB2) as a novel negative regulator that recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to polyubiquitinate iNOS, resulting in its proteasomal degradation. A cell-free ubiquitination assay was established to demonstrate SPSB2-dependent ubiquitination of iNOS. LPS/IFN-γ–stimulated macrophage lysates from Spsb2−/− mice were used as a source of iNOS and incubated with ubiquitin and a trimeric SPSB2/elongin BC complex in the presence of E1 and E2 (UbcH5a) enzymes, Rbx2, and Cullin5 for various times." SIGNOR-271898 CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT NAD(+) smallmolecule CHEBI:15846 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "The membrane proteins CD38 and CD157 belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that play crucial roles in human physiology. Expressed in distinct patterns in most tissues, CD38 (and CD157) cleaves NAD(+) and NADP(+), generating cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), NAADP, and ADPR." SIGNOR-264246 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT AVEN protein Q9NQS1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser135 VNNESGEsQRGTDFS -1 18571408 t miannu "Aven is also a substrate of the ATM kinase. Mutation of ATM-mediated phosphorylation sites on Aven reduced its ability to activate ATM, suggesting that Aven activation of ATM after DNA damage is enhanced by ATM-mediated Aven phosphorylation. We found that mutating S135 and S308 sites to Alanine largely dampened Aven’s phosphorylation by ATM (though some phosphorylation remained, due to either a contaminating kinase or an unidentified ATM phosphorylation site)." SIGNOR-262636 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD4 protein P21917 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257480 DR1 protein Q01658 UNIPROT "NC2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C108 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18838386 t miannu "NC2_ co-fractionated with NC2_ only in the low molecular weight complex (fractions 86–94) and an NC2_ antibody co-immunoprecipitated NC2_ (but not GCN5) in these fractions, which thus contain the classical NC2 complex" SIGNOR-226405 RBM10 protein P98175 UNIPROT BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30403180 f irozzo "In this study, we report that RBM10 acts as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma via the inhibition of cell growth, cell migration and invasion and the induction of cell apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2, activating caspase-3, and producing TNF-α. We also found that RBM10 overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 and induced the expression of caspase-3" SIGNOR-259151 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser337 DPRGRLRsADSENAL 9606 12761205 t lperfetto "Inhibition of mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase 3 activity through phosphorylation by the serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 2" SIGNOR-101216 PLD3 protein Q8IV08 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24336208 t Monia "Furthermore, PLD3 can be co-immunoprecipitated with APP in cultured cells (Extended Data Figure 4). Together, these studies demonstrate that PLD3 plays a role in APP processing. Over-expression of PLD3 leads to a significant decrease in intracellular APP and extracellular Aβ42 and Aβ40, while knock-down of PLD3 leads to a significant increase in extracellular Aβ42 and Aβ40. Together, our genetic and functional data indicate that carriers of PLD3 coding variants have a two-fold increased risk for LOAD and that PLD3 influences APP processing." SIGNOR-261200 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a6-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C329 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264929 MAPK15 protein Q8TD08 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 12169099 t gcesareni "Up-regulation of c-jun mrna in cardiac myocytes requires the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade, but c-jun n-terminal kinases are required for efficient up-regulation of c-jun protein. these data suggest that erks, rather than jnks, are required for c- jun up-regulation." SIGNOR-91371 TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT dUMP(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:246422 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 21876188 t lperfetto "In this pathway, 5,10-methyleneTHF, a one-carbon donor, is generated from serine by SHMT and used for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in a reaction catalyzed by TYMS. The TYMS-catalyzed reaction generates dihydrofolate, which is converted to THF in an NADPH-dependent manner by DHFR." SIGNOR-268234 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser403 ESTDSGLsMSSYSVP 9606 phosphorylation:Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 23431053 t milica "Phosphorylation of YAP (S381) and TAZ (S311) by Lats1/2 primes subsequent phosphorylation events by casein kinase 1 (CK1d/e); this sequential phosphorylation results in recruitment of b-transducin repeat-containing proteins (b-TRCP; a subunit of the SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase) and consequently leads to degradation of YAP/TAZ" SIGNOR-201154 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser168 SEMKYLGsPITTVPK 9606 10037602 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at thr-48, thr-67, ser-122, thr-130, ser-168 and ser-214 occurs at g2 and g2-m transition and is catalyzed by cdk1. Ser-168 phosphorylation levels are lower than those at the other 5 cdk1 sites. Phosphorylation by cdk1 leads to increased activity." SIGNOR-64972 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Translational_elongation phenotype SIGNOR-PH210 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23699257 f lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269393 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT CYTH2 protein Q99418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser392 AARKKRIsVKKKQEQ 9606 BTO:0000567 10531036 t lperfetto "ARNO is phosphorylated in vivo by PKC on a single serine residue, S392, located within the carboxy-terminal polybasic domain. Mutation of S392 to alanine does not prevent ARNO-mediated actin rearrangements, suggesting that phosphorylation does not lead to ARNO activation [6]. Here, we report that phosphorylation negatively regulates ARNO exchange activity through a 'PH domain electrostatic switch'." SIGNOR-249024 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15946939 t gcesareni "We identified atrophin 1-interacting protein 4 (aip4) as an e3 ubiquitin ligase that specifically targets smad7 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation without affecting the turnover of the activated tbetari. Surprisingly, we found that despite the ability to degrade smad7, aip4 can inhibit tgf-beta signaling, presumably by enhancing the association of smad7 with the activated tbetari." SIGNOR-137951 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT CARHSP1 protein Q9Y2V2 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser30 TPRSRERsPSPLRGN 9606 BTO:0000671 15910284 t lperfetto "Dyrk2 (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and -regulated protein kinase 2) phosphorylated crhsp24 at ser30, ser32 and ser41 in vitro, and ser41 was identified as a site phosphorylated in cells." SIGNOR-137474 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT LIG1 protein P18858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser91 ALDCSQVsPPRPATS 9606 BTO:0000567 12851383 t lperfetto "We show that three residues (ser51, ser76, and ser91), which are part of cyclin-dependent kinase sites, are phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner." SIGNOR-103254 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 12771128 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "A dominant-negative mutant of high cell densityenhanced ptp 1 (dep-1)//cd148 as well as reduction of its expression by rna interference partially restore vegfr-2 phosphorylation and map kinase activation." SIGNOR-269919 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT CYLD protein Q9NQC7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 RFHSLPFsLTKMPNT 9606 BTO:0000938 24614225 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of cyld was completely abolished by the combined mutations of the entire serine cluster (m4, lane 5). Similar results were obtained with the ikk holoenzyme (fig. 4c, panel 1), recombinant ikk_ (panel 2), and recombinant ikk_cyld phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism to inactivate its traf2 deubiquitination activity." SIGNOR-204692 "Blood vessel damage" stimulus SIGNOR-ST26 SIGNOR F3 protein P13726 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000131 32665005 f lperfetto "During vascular injury, TF is exposed to the blood, where it functions as a cofactor for the circulating zymogen factor VII (FVII). This TF:FVIIa complex can then bind and activate either factor IX (FIX) or factor X (FX), triggering a cascade that generates fibrin and activates platelets, resulting in a hemostatic plug at the site of injury." SIGNOR-263541 HOXB6 protein P17509 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000664 15269212 t Luana "HOXB6 protein represses globin transcript levels in stably transfected K562 cells in a DNA-binding dependent fashion." SIGNOR-261637 PIM proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF34 SIGNOR Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000574 16146838 f miannu "The results of 2 microarray experiments demonstrated that the aberrant activation of STAT proteins by Flt3-ITDs resulted in the up-regulation of several STAT5-responsive genes, such as Pim-1, Pim-2, and members of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) protein family. These results are particularly interesting because recent data point to an important role of Pim kinases in the antiapoptosis of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-255732 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 BTO:0000938 12040039 t gcesareni "Stress in primary cultured cns neurons induces phosphorylation of c-jun serines 63 and 73 and increased c-jun protein. Jnk2/3 activity selectively targets c-jun." SIGNOR-88212 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser63 KNSDLLTsPDVGLLK 9606 BTO:0001950 21561061 t Luana "3b Induces Phosphorylation of c-Jun (Ser-63) throughActivation of the JNK Pathway.| An enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and MEK4 was observed in cells expressing 3b ascompared to control cells expressing GFP" SIGNOR-260758 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF5 protein P55010 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser390 KEAEEESsGGEEEDE 9606 16227438 t gcesareni "We find that eif5 is associated with ck2 when the kinase activity is at the highest level in vivo, and is phosphorylated at ser389 and ser390 by ck2." SIGNOR-141159 IFNB1 protein P01574 UNIPROT IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0004055 11278538 t lperfetto "Ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and ifn-omega, induce somewhat different cellular effects but act through a common receptor complex, ifnar, composed of subunits ifnar-1 and ifnar-2." SIGNOR-219304 MRPL49 protein Q13405 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262347 MRPL15 protein Q9P015 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262378 ELP4 protein Q96EB1 UNIPROT "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28601220 t miannu "Elongator is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex consisting of two sets of six Elp proteins, while homologues of its catalytic subunit Elp3 are found in all the kingdoms of life. Although it was originally described as a transcription elongation factor, cumulating evidence suggests that its primary function is catalyzing tRNA modifications. In humans, defects in Elongator subunits are associated with neurological disorders and cancer." SIGNOR-269711 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser75 EIRSRHSsYPAGTED 9606 BTO:0000007 10195903 t "Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD|Calcineurin was found to dephosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, thus enhancing BAD heterodimerization with Bcl-xL and promoting apoptosis." SIGNOR-248528 MAPKAPK5 protein Q8IW41 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001286 17254968 t gcesareni "Furthermore, we show that prak activates p53 by direct phosphorylation. We propose that phosphorylation of p53 by prak following activation of p38 mapk by ras plays an important role in ras-induced senescence and tumor suppression." SIGNOR-152850 DNMT3B protein Q9UBC3 UNIPROT HOXB13 protein Q92826 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 22808286 f miannu "EZH2 recruited DNMT3b to HOXB13 promoter to form a repression complex." SIGNOR-254145 LAMA2 protein P24043 UNIPROT DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15117830 t apalma "The DGC is composed of dystrophin (blue), an elongated cytoskeletal protein that links to cytoplasmic γ-actin and the transmembrane components of the DGC. Dystrophin binds to the tail of β-dystroglycan (orange). Dystroglycan is composed of 2 subunits, α and β, each produced from the same gene. Dystroglycan binds to the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2. The sarcoglycan complex (blue-green) is composed of multiple subunits. Mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan lead to a similar phenotype as dystrophin mutations and include cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in humans and mice. Additional subcomplexes in the DGC in skeletal muscle include α and β dystrobrevin, the syntrophins, nNOS, and caveolin 3 (pink)." SIGNOR-255984 CHN2 protein P52757 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260500 CWC15 protein Q9P013 UNIPROT PRP19-CDC5L complex SIGNOR-C534 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20176811 t miannu "In this study, we affinity purified the human Prp19/CDC5L complex from HeLa cell lines stably expressing FLAG-AD002 or FLAG-SPF27 and determined its molecular architecture and EM structure. To learn more about the spatial organization of the human Prp19 (hPrp19)/CDC5L complex, which is comprised of hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73, we purified native hPrp19/CDC5L complexes from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002 or SPF27." SIGNOR-271970 IRF2BP1 protein Q8IU81 UNIPROT IRF2 protein P14316 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12799427 t miannu "We have identified two novel proteins that interact specifically with the C-terminal repression domain of Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 (IRF-2). These proteins, which we term IRF-2 binding proteins 1 and 2 (IRF-2BP1 and IRF-2BP2, the latter having two splicing isoforms, A and B), are nuclear proteins, and have the properties of IRF-2-dependent transcriptional co-repressors that can inhibit both enhancer-activated and basal transcription in a manner that is not dependent upon histone deacetylation." SIGNOR-224045 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr62 RRPESFTtPEGPKPR 9606 18490441 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of threonine 61 by cyclin a/Cdk1 triggers degradation of stem-loop binding protein at the end of S phase" SIGNOR-265258 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MXD1 protein Q05195 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser145 IERIRMDsIGSTVSS 9606 19526459 t llicata "Here, we present evidence that akt inhibits mad1-mediated transcription repression by physical interaction with and phosphorylation of mad1." SIGNOR-186130 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu49 RRANTFLeEVRKGNL -1 10556651 t lperfetto "We analyzed the number of glutamic acid (Glu) residues and their positions in the Gla domain (GD) of DCP to investigate the gamma-carboxylation mechanism of VK-dependent carboxylase. Several DCPs were found in each subject studied. The 10 Gla residues of human prothrombin were carboxylated in order from the N-terminal (residues 26, 25, 16, 29, 20, 19, 14, 32, 7 and 6)|In the absence of VK or in the presence of VK antagonists, hepatic VKdependent carboxylase activity is inhibited and des-g-carboxyprothrombin (abnormal prothrombin or PIVKA; protein induced by vitamin K antagonist, prothrombin) is released into the blood." SIGNOR-263675 PDYN protein P01213 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258414 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TPR protein P12270 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2155 GFAEAIHsPQVAGVP 9606 18794356 t miannu "Tpr is phosphorylated by erk2 at four different sites. / because phosphorylation of tpr by activated erk stabilizes their interaction, we hypothesize that this phosphorylation is not part of a signal amplification cascade but rather positions activated erk to perform a continuing function in the nuclear pore." SIGNOR-181014 CORT protein O00230 UNIPROT SSTR4 protein P31391 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 11011067 t gcesareni "Cortistatin is known to bind all five cloned somatostatin receptors and share many pharmacological and functional properties with somatostatin including the depression of neuronal activity." SIGNOR-82493 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser65 NCDLDQQsIVHIVQR 9606 22724072 t llicata "We show that human pink1 is specifically activated by mitochondrial membrane potential (??m) depolarization, enabling it to phosphorylate parkin at ser(65). We further show that phosphorylation of parkin at ser(65) leads to marked activation of its e3 ligase activity that is prevented by mutation of ser(65) or inactivation of pink1." SIGNOR-197976 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 20219869 t apalma "Furthermore, NF-kB activation can cause destabilization of MyoD mRNA and degradation of MyoD protein (35, 49), which would further impede muscle differentiation" SIGNOR-255352 NUP62 protein P37198 UNIPROT NPC complex SIGNOR-C263 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27016207 t lperfetto "The protein inventory of the NPC has been studied for a very diverse set of eukaryotes, including trypanosomes, fungi, plants, animals, and humans [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. In all cases, about 30 different Nups were found (Fig. 2)." SIGNOR-262079 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr739 SEGSGTAtPSALITT 9606 BTO:0000552 14744793 t gcesareni "We showed that perifosine activates the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and this activation promotes the phosphorylation of sp1 in known mitogen-activated protein kinase residues (threonine 453 and 739), thereby leading to increased sp1 binding and enhanced p21(waf1/cip1) transcription." SIGNOR-248070 BACE2 protein Q9Y5Z0 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe634 VHHQKLVfFAEDVGS 9606 10931940 t lperfetto "BACE2, a beta -secretase homolog, cleaves at the beta site and within the amyloid-beta region of the amyloid-beta precursor protein.|Aβ is produced from the Aβ precursor protein (APP) by two proteolytic events. A β-secretase activity cleaves APP at the N terminus of Aβ (β site) between amino acids Met-671 and Asp-672 |We show here that BACE2 cleaves APP at its β site and more efficiently at sites within the Aβ region of APP, after Phe-19 and Phe-20 of Aβ." SIGNOR-261772 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr472 ICALRHLtSRHQEAE 9606 BTO:0000938 24117889 t lperfetto "Camkii represses transcriptionally active _-catenin to mediate acute ethanol neurodegeneration and can phosphorylate _-catenincamkii can directly phosphorylate _-catenin. Using targeted mutagenesis we identified camkii phosphorylation sites within human _-catenin at t332, t472, and s552." SIGNOR-202833 MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT BAK1 protein Q16611 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 17289999 t gcesareni "Bax is held in check by mcl1, bcl-2, and either bcl2l1 or bcl2l2, or by all four. They bind a primed conformer of bak or bax" SIGNOR-149774 SPSB2 protein Q99619 UNIPROT NANOS2 protein P60321 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 20603330 t miannu "We have identified SPRY domain-containing SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) box protein 2 (SPSB2) as a novel negative regulator that recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to polyubiquitinate iNOS, resulting in its proteasomal degradation. A cell-free ubiquitination assay was established to demonstrate SPSB2-dependent ubiquitination of iNOS. LPS/IFN-γ–stimulated macrophage lysates from Spsb2−/− mice were used as a source of iNOS and incubated with ubiquitin and a trimeric SPSB2/elongin BC complex in the presence of E1 and E2 (UbcH5a) enzymes, Rbx2, and Cullin5 for various times." SIGNOR-271901 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269788 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT ADD2 protein P35612 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser713 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK 9606 16116087 t gcesareni "We now demonstrate that ptn stimulates the phosphorylation of serines 713 and 726 in the myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase (pk) c substrate domain of beta-adducin through activation of either pkc alpha or beta." SIGNOR-139914 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0000007 14551213 t lperfetto "In the present study, we have delineated the mechanism by which Galpha16 stimulates STAT3 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. A constitutively active Galpha16 mutant, Galpha16QL, stimulated STAT3-dependent luciferase activity as well as the phosphorylation of STAT3 at both Tyr705 and Ser727.The involvement of tyrosine kinases such as c-Src and Janus kinase 2 and 3 (JAK2 and JAK3) in Galpha16QL-induced activation of STAT3 was illustrated by the combined use of selective inhibitors and dominant negative mutants." SIGNOR-247341 (R)-noradrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:18357 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258899 OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT Cell_growth phenotype SIGNOR-PH33 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0005118 22194658 f "same result in PC12 cell" miannu "SiRNA effectively downregulated optineurin expression in RGC-5 and PC12 stable transfected cells. Optineurin siRNA significantly inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis in RGC-5 and PC12 cells. Microarray analysis identified 112 differentially expressed genes in optineurin siRNA transfected RGC-5 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), neurotrophin-3(Ntf3), synaptosomal-associated protein 25(Snap25), and neurofilament, light polypeptide(Nefl) was significantly downregulated in RGC-5 and PC12 cells transfected with optineurin siRNA." SIGNOR-259877 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser727 TDNLLPMsPEEFDEV 9606 17502367 t lperfetto "All stats are phosphorylated on at least one serine residue in their tad specifically, ser727 in stats 1 and 3 and ser721 in stat4. Stat serine kinases have been identified through the use of inhibitors, dominant-negative alleles, and in vitro kinase assays. They include mapk (p38mapk: stats 1, 3, 4;erk: stat3, 5;jnk: stat3), pkc_ (stat1, stat3), mtor (stat3), nlk (stat3 (42)), and camkii and ikk_ (stat1 (39, 40, 43)).STAT Serine phosphorylation regulates transcriptional activity (see below)." SIGNOR-154779 SAICAR(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58443 ChEBI 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58475 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 22812634 t miannu "ADSL carries out two non-sequential steps of de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) into aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), respectively, with the concomitant release of fumarate in each case" SIGNOR-266609 PTPN18 protein Q99952 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr1196 GAVENPEyLTPQGGA 9606 BTO:0000007 25081058 t lperfetto "PTPN18 knockdown selectively enhances the EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the HER2 Y1112, Y1196 and Y1248 sites. |Whereas the catalytic domain of PTPN18 blocks lysosomal routing and delays the degradation of HER2 by dephosphorylation of HER2 on pY(1112), the PEST domain of PTPN18 promotes K48-linked HER2 ubiquitination and its rapid destruction via the proteasome pathway and an HER2 negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-262596 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT DAPP1 protein Q9UN19 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr139 KVEEPSIyESVRVHT BTO:0000776 10880360 t lperfetto "Src family kinases mediate receptor-stimulated, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent, tyrosine phosphorylation of dual adaptor for phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides-1 in endothelial and B cell lines|yrosine phosphorylation of DAPP-1 appears important for appropriate intracellular targeting and creates a potential binding site for Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins." SIGNOR-249313 IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT CD68 protein P34810 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 12676954 f "However, our data show that PU.1/IRF-4 and IRF-8 heterocomplexes down-regulate CD68 promoter activity in macrophages and repression is dependent on the integrity of both the IRF and PU.1 half-sites of this composite element." SIGNOR-254284 SS18 protein Q15532 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269782 SLC16A3 protein O15427 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26384349 f lperfetto "Treatment with _-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamate (CHC), a known inhibitor of MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4, dose-dependently induced cell death in MM cell lines and primary MM cells (Figure 1C). Thus, monocarboxylate transportation across membranes appears crucial for MM cell survival." SIGNOR-242468 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT STAT6 protein P42226 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000801 9852037 f gcesareni "Expression of an shp-1 transgene in nih 3t3 cells markedly reduces both il-4-dependent stat6 activation and stat6-mediated transcription of il-4-responsive genes" SIGNOR-62578 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-[(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)thio]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one chemical CHEBI:94732 ChEBI JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 18922779 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Bi-78d3, dose-dependently inhibits the phosphorylation of jnk substrates both in vitro and in cell." SIGNOR-269884 ALK protein Q9UM73 UNIPROT PIK3R3 protein Q92569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000762 27322022 t lperfetto "Subsequent studies revealed that ALK promoted cell migration through the P3K-AKT pathway via the p55γ regulatory subunit of PI3K." SIGNOR-253217 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT APOA5 protein Q6Q788 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255058 PTPRH protein Q9HD43 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1185 FGMTRDIyETDYYRK 9606 10734133 t gcesareni "These results, combined with secondary dephosphorylation tests, confirm and extend earlier findings that ptp-1b and t-cell ptp are physiological enzymes for the insulin receptor kinase" SIGNOR-76072 ZW10 protein O43264 UNIPROT DCTN2 protein Q13561 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C357 20462495 t lperfetto "ZW10 interacts with dynamitin, a subunit of the dynein-dynactin complex (Echeverri et al., 1996), thereby recruiting this motor to kinetochores" SIGNOR-265016 CSMD1 protein Q96PZ7 UNIPROT C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" binding 9606 28345259 t miannu "CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) is a relatively poorly studied large transmembrane protein of 390 kDa composed of 14 N-terminal CUB domains interspersed with complement control protein (CCP) domains followed by 15 consecutive CCP domains. The active domains of CSMD1 were then identified in CCP17-21, which were shown to interact with C4b and C3b and present these complement proteins for degradation by factor" SIGNOR-265149 MRPL48 protein Q96GC5 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262348 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr313 SSEPVGIyQGFEKKT -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254716 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser167 GGRERLAsTNDKGSM 9606 11108261 t lperfetto "Studies using mutants of er-alpha demonstrated that akt increased estrogen receptor activity through the amino-terminal activation function-1 (af-1). Serines s104 s106, s118, and s167 appear to play a role in the activation of er-alpha by akt." SIGNOR-84975 SLX4 protein Q8IY92 UNIPROT ERCC4 protein Q92889 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C50 24726326 t miannu "Slx4 is a tumor suppressor that stimulates the activity of the nuclease xpf-ercc1 in dna crosslink repair." SIGNOR-204890 EFNA2 protein O43921 UNIPROT EPHA8 protein P29322 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t gcesareni "The activation of eph receptors by their ligands, which are membrane-anchored molecules, involves a cell-cell recognition event that often causes cell repulsion. Therefore, eph receptors mediate signals that can override cell adhesion." SIGNOR-52269 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser279 VLKRPERsQEESPPG 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "The signal for ubiquitination after uv and ir exposure is created by phosphorylation of cdc25a mediated by chk1 and chk2, respectively. Chk1 is a major kinase phosphorylating cdc25a (ser76/124) and cdc25c (ser216). regulation;btrc(induces);14-3-3 beta(induces);apoptosis, altered;14-3-3 beta(induces);ccna1(disrupts);cdk2(disrupts);cdk1(disrupts);ccnb1(disrupts);" SIGNOR-163142 KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000011 25533466 f miannu "We concluded that FBXL10 recruits the noncanonical PRC1 complex to directly repress Cdk1, Uhrf1, and Pparg that may account for the FBXL10-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis." SIGNOR-252244 clofarabine chemical CHEBI:681569 ChEBI POLG protein P54098 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 1707752 t miannu "Effects of 2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 Cellular Metabolism and the Inhibition of Human Ribonucleotide Reductase and DNA Polymerases by Its 5′-Triphosphate.The effect of Cl-F-ara-ATP on human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma isolated from K562 cells grown in culture was determined and compared with those of Cl-dATP and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine triphosphate (F-ara-ATP). Cl-F-ara-ATP was a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha.Cl-F-ara-ATP was not a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta, DNA polymerase gamma, or DNA primase." SIGNOR-258361 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser370 PAVPPRPsADLILNR 9606 12056906 t lperfetto "Phosphopeptide mapping of p47(phox) showed that, as opposed to pkc zeta, pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta are able to phosphorylate all the major pkc sites. The use of p47(phox) mutants identified serines 303, 304, 315, 320, 328, 359, 370, and 379 as targets of pkc alpha, beta ii, and delta.Taken together, these results suggest that pkc alpha, beta ii, delta, and zeta expressed in human neutrophils can individually phosphorylate p47(phox) and induce both its translocation and nadph oxidase activation." SIGNOR-89209 RAB4A protein P20338 UNIPROT "Early Endosome" complex SIGNOR-C246 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19924646 t lperfetto "The Rab proteins primarily localized to the EE include Rab5 and Rab4, which regulate distinct early endocytic events. In addition to these two Rab proteins, some of the other less well-characterized Rabs at the EE include Rab10 , Rab14 , Rab21 and Rab22" SIGNOR-260617 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HES1 protein Q14469 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser38 ASEHRKSsKPIMEKR -1 9389649 t lperfetto "Endogenous HES-1 DNA-binding activity is post-translationally inhibited during NGF signaling in vivo, and phosphorylation of PKC consensus sites in the HES-1 DNA-binding domain inhibits DNA binding by purified HES-1 in vitro." SIGNOR-248993 PITX2 protein Q99697 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 20978076 f gcesareni "We show that pitx2 is crucial for the onset of myod gene expression in limb muscle progenitors and that it acts on the myod core enhancer." SIGNOR-169107 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser573 ENSNSCRsSTTTCPE 9606 BTO:0000007 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS€“PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573€“577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249302 RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 20006481 t lperfetto "Rheb stimulates the phosphorylation of mtor and plays an essential role in regulation of s6k and 4ebp1 in response to nutrients and cellular energy status." SIGNOR-162006 IRF8 protein Q02556 UNIPROT NCF2 protein P19878 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001412 11483597 f miannu "we found that tyrosine phosphorylated ICSBP activates CYBB and NCF2 transcription, during late myeloid differentiation, by interacting with PU.1, IRF1 and CBP." SIGNOR-222789 NUDCD2 protein Q8WVJ2 UNIPROT PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20133715 t miannu "The type I lissencephaly gene product LIS1, a key regulator of cytoplasmic dynein, is critical for cell proliferation, survival, and neuronal migration. However, little is known about the regulation of LIS1. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized mammalian homolog of Aspergillus NudC, NudCL2 (NudC-like protein 2), as a regulator of LIS1. NudCL2 is localized to the centrosome in interphase, and spindle poles and kinetochores during mitosis, a pattern similar to the localization of LIS1 and cytoplasmic dynein. Depletion of NudCL2 destabilized LIS1 and led to phenotypes resembling those of either dynein or LIS1 deficiency. NudCL2 complexed with and enhanced the interaction between LIS1 and Hsp90. Either disruption of the LIS1-Hsp90 interaction with the C terminus of NudCL2 or inhibition of Hsp90 chaperone function by geldanamycin decreased LIS1 stability." SIGNOR-252167 "imatinib methanesulfonate" chemical CHEBI:31690 ChEBI BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000740 15206509 t miannu "Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), formerly called STI571, is a specific and potent inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, the molecular hallmark of chronic myeloid leukaemia." SIGNOR-259357 FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT FRS2 protein Q8WU20 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10116 BTO:0002809 9182757 t fspada "In this report, we demonstrate that FGF stimulation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel lipid anchored docking protein, termed FRS2, that forms a complex with Grb2/Sos, thus linking FGF-receptor activation to the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway." SIGNOR-236950 TRIO protein O75962 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260579 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR EDC3 protein Q96F86 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 20051463 t miannu "14-3-3 binding to EDC3 resulted in a significant decrease in the binding of several key mRNA regulatory factors such as PABP and Y-box-binding protein 1 to EDC3." SIGNOR-262630 tyrosine smallmolecule CHEBI:18186 ChEBI L-dopa smallmolecule CHEBI:15765 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 NBK536726 t brain lperfetto "Tyrosine produced in the liver is then transported by an active transport mechanism into the dopaminergic neurons within the brain. This is followed by the conversion of L-tyrosine into L-DOPA through hydroxylation at the phenol ring by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)." SIGNOR-264173 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 TVNQSLLsPLVLEVD 9606 15972820 t Manara "The present study showed that shear stress, but not stretch, activates PKC delta and phosphorylates K8 Ser-73, which then mediates the disassembly/reorganization of keratin IF in AEC." SIGNOR-260887 CDK8 protein P49336 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser214 PTSSDPGsPFQMPAD 9606 19914168 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smad1, a receptor-activated smad (r-smad), at serine 206 (s206) and s214 induced by bmp and mediated by cdk8/9 is critical for binding of the e3 ubiquitin ligase smurf1. Binding of smurf1 leads to polyubiquitination of smad1 and its degradation by the proteasome;cdk8 and cyclint-cdk9 showed a preference for s206 and s214 but also phosphorylated s186 and s195 in the case of smad1;and t179, s208 and s213 in the case of smad3." SIGNOR-161634 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PLCB3 protein Q01970 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1105 LDRKRHNsISEAKMR 9606 9660757 t gcesareni "These data establish that direct phosphorylation by pka of ser1105 in the putative g-box of plcbeta3 inhibits galphaq-stimulated plcbeta3 activity." SIGNOR-58859 FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT SETDB1/NLK/CHD7 complex SIGNOR-C189 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 21952300 t FFerrentino "The non-canonical WNT ligand WNT5A activates the histone methyltransferase SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1)42. SETDB1 forms a complex with chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 7 (CHD7) and NEMO-like kinase (NLK) to inhibit the ability of PPARγ to transcriptionally activate its downstream metabolic target genes in the MSC cell line ST2 and in 3T3‑L1 cells42,43." SIGNOR-253521 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR ENAH protein Q8N8S7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 15066263 t miannu " Vertebrate Ena/VASP proteins are phosphorylated by PKA, as well as PKG, and the phosphorylation is required for full function in a number of cellular contexts" SIGNOR-268285 HECW2 protein Q9P2P5 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000093 27119228 t miannu "NEDL2 acts as a scaffold protein to promote GDNF-stimulated Akt activation. biochemical analysis indicated that NEDL2 appears to act like a scaffold protein to recruit SHC, Grb2, PI3K (p110 and p85), PDK1 and Akt together to promote the signaling transduction. NEDL2 binds p85, p110 and Akt with different domains" SIGNOR-269459 BCL7C protein Q8WUZ0 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269780 BZW2 protein Q9Y6E2 UNIPROT EIF2S1 protein P05198 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31643092 t miannu "BZW2, as an evolutionary highly conserved protein, interacts with eIF2 and eIF3 and promotes ternary complex formation in vitro" SIGNOR-261220 KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS -1 21135090 t "KIT is responsible for the permanent phosphorylation of all three STAT proteins. STAT1, -3, and -5 were phosphorylated on their activation-specific Tyr701, Tyr704, and Tyr694, respectively, following KIT stimulation." SIGNOR-251365 NRG3 protein P56975 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 7477375 t gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-26251 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NEDD4L protein Q96PU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr383 PSVAYVHtTPGLPSG -1 12911626 t miannu "Site‐directed mutagenesis of the SGK1 phosphorylation sites in the Nedd4‐2 protein (S382A,S468ANedd4‐2) and in the EAAT1 protein (T482AEAAT1, T482DEAAT1) significantly blunts the effect of S422DSGK1. Introduction of a negative charge at the SGK phosphorylation site in the EAAT1 protein leads to a strong stimulation of the carrier, whereas replacement with alanine markedly decreases the EAAT1‐mediated current. These observations suggest that SGK1 exerts its effect not only by phosphorylation of Nedd4‐2 but also by phosphorylation of EAAT1." SIGNOR-263076 CEP76 protein Q8TAP6 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 27065329 t miannu "Here, we found that centrosomal protein of 76 kDa (Cep76), previously shown to restrain centriole amplification, interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and is a bona fide substrate of this kinase. Cep76 is preferentially phosphorylated by cyclin A/CDK2 at a single site S83, and this event is crucial to suppress centriole amplification in S phase. Mechanistically, Cep76 phosphorylation inhibits activation of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), thereby blocking premature centriole disengagement and subsequent amplification." SIGNOR-262731 GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser484 VLDIEQFsTVKGVEL 9534 BTO:0000298 10334944 t "GRK6 Is Autophosphorylated in COS-7 Cells. GRK6, like GRK5, is autophosphorylated on Ser484 and Thr485. Whether the autophosphorylation of GRK6 modulates its activity remains however to be established." SIGNOR-251211 clonidine chemical CHEBI:46631 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258903 gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000590 19958215 t lperfetto "The production and accumulation of the beta amyloid protein (Abeta) is a key event in the cascade of oxidative and inflammatory processes that characterizes Alzheimer's disease (AD). A multi-subunit enzyme complex, referred to as gamma (gamma) secretase, plays a pivotal role in the generation of Abeta from its parent molecule, the amyloid precursor protein (APP)." SIGNOR-251576 FBXW2 protein Q9UKT8 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 31548378 t miannu " Mechanistic studies revealed that MSX2 is a new substrate of SCFFBXW2 E3 ubiquitin ligase.  Taken together, our combined results showed that MSX2 is a substrate of the SCFFBXW2 E3 ligase, which ubiquitylates it and targets it for proteasome degradation." SIGNOR-272260 TUBA4A protein P68366 UNIPROT Neuron_migration phenotype SIGNOR-PH67 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 f miannu "We show here that Elongator regulates corticogenesis because an acute disruption of its activity in dorsal progenitors results in radial migration delays and defective terminal branching of projection neurons that come with a reduction in α-tubulin acetylation. Importantly, this complex interacts with the microtubule cytoskeleton, where Elp3 may directly acetylate α-tubulin, a posttranslational modification known to regulate the intracellular trafficking that is critical for cell shape remodeling during migration and terminal branching." SIGNOR-269730 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser412 EEEDGTGsPQLNNR 9606 10347142 t gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 phosphorylate beta-arrestin1 at ser-412 in vitro. . in the resting state, cytosolic arrestin1 proteins are constitutively phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) at ser412, located within their distal c terminus. erk-phosphorylated arrestin1 is unable to associate with clathrin cages, whereas this constraint is removed upon its dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-67634 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16308421 f gcesareni "In fasted mammals, glucose homeostasis is maintained through induction of the camp response element-binding protein (creb) coactivator transducer of regulated creb activity 2 (torc2), which stimulates the gluconeogenic program in concert with the forkhead factor foxo1" SIGNOR-142103 S1PR5 protein Q9H228 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256676 SNAP91 protein O60641 UNIPROT SYT1 protein P21579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26903854 t miannu " the monomeric adaptor proteins AP180/CALM and stonin-2 are required for the efficient retrieval of synaptobrevin II (sybII) and synaptotagmin-1 respectively .Stonin-2 and AP-2 are also Required for Efficient Synaptotagmin-1 Retrieval.  the monomeric adaptor proteins AP180/CALM and stonin-2 are required for the efficient retrieval of synaptobrevin II (sybII) and synaptotagmin-1 respectively." SIGNOR-264114 EDN1 protein P05305 UNIPROT EDNRA protein P25101 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16597412 t gcesareni "Endothelin-1 (et-1) and angiotensin ii (angii), two potent vasoactive peptides involved in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis, also induce mitogenic and pro-angiogenic responses in vitro and in vivo. Both peptides are produced by cleavage of inactive precursors by metalloproteases (endothelin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme, respectively) and activate two subtypes of membrane receptors (eta-r and etb-r for et-1, at1r and at2r for angii) that all belong to the superfamily of g-protein coupled receptors." SIGNOR-145759 CSF2 protein P04141 UNIPROT CSF2RA protein P15509 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9187659 t gcesareni "We have determined the nmr structure of a ligand-binding domain of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) receptor comparisons between the spectra of the 15n-labelled domain with and without g-csf indicate that the major ligand-recognition site is on the fg loop just upstream of the wsxws sequence." SIGNOR-49126 DNER protein Q8NFT8 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 15965470 t gcesareni "Dner binds to notch1 at cell-cell contacts and activates notch signaling in vitro." SIGNOR-138346 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr941 EETGTEEyMKMDLGP 10116 BTO:0000443 7651388 t lperfetto "All known IRS proteins contain multiple YXXM motifs that upon phosphorylation by activated insulin receptors A previous study using phosphopeptides suggested that tyrosine-phosphorylated YXXM motifs at positions 608 and 939 in rat IRS-1 bind with high affinity to SH2 domains of p85, and motifs at positions 460 and 987 bind with lower affinity (10)." SIGNOR-235975 ACTL6A protein O96019 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269827 SOHLH1 protein Q5JUK2 UNIPROT ZP1 protein P60852 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 16690745 t Luana "Cotransfection of a mouse Sohlh1 expression vector with E box-containing promoter regions of mouse Lhx8, Zp1, and Zp3 fused to luciferase resulted in significant transactivation . Mutation of the E box sequences abolished SOHLH1-dependent stimulation. Thus, Lhx8, Zp1, and Zp3 are likely direct downstream target genes of SOHLH1 through the E box elements in their promoters." SIGNOR-266077 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT GP6 protein Q9HCN6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001549 12359731 f miannu "Deletion analyses and site-directed mutagenesis identified Sp1(227), GATA(177), and Ets(48) sites as essential for GPVI expression. We show that transcription factors GATA-1, Fli-1, and Sp1 can bind to and activate this promoter." SIGNOR-254157 SOCS5 protein O75159 UNIPROT VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 15590694 t miannu "SOCS5 Can Physically Associate with the EGFR. The complex recruited by SOCS proteins is composed of ElonginBC, Cullin, and Roc1 (15, 16). Together, this complex has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We suspect that the role of the SB domain is to mediate coupling of EGFR with the Elongin-Cullin-Roc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, resulting in enhanced EGFR degradation." SIGNOR-271522 PAX8 protein Q06710 UNIPROT TG protein P01266 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11786384 t miannu "The transcription factor Pax8 plays an important role in the expression of the differentiated phenotype of thyroid follicular cells. It has recently been shown that Pax8 is necessary for thyroglobulin (Tg) gene expression." SIGNOR-251998 AREL1 protein O15033 UNIPROT MTX2 protein O75431 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 34584540 t lperfetto "Therefore, these results implied that AREL1 ubiquitinates and promotes the degradation of MTX2." SIGNOR-267674 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr239 VPEMPGEtPPLSPID 9606 BTO:0000007 16023596 t lperfetto "The c-jun and c-myc oncogenic transcription factors are highly unstable proteins due to polyubiquitination. Similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.Phosphorylation of Thr-239 and Ser-243 is required for Fbw7-mediated c-Jun disappearance" SIGNOR-236717 H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C322 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24311584 t miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression. However, no structural differences between H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 have been reported. In the present study, the crystal structures of nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 were determined." SIGNOR-263717 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257382 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT WEE1 protein P30291 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Chk1 also phosphorylates and stabilizes wee1." SIGNOR-163164 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AQP4 protein P55087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 AAQQTKGsYMEVEDN 9615 BTO:0000837 11742978 t llicata "We found that the stress-induced kinase casein kinase (CK)II phosphorylates the Ser276 immediately preceding the tyrosine motif, increasing AQP4-mu 3A interaction and enhancing AQP4-lysosomal targeting and degradation. AQP4 phosphorylation by CKII may thus provide a mechanism that regulates AQP4 cell surface expression. | To determine whether Ser276 is an actual CKII substrate, we used GST–AQP4-Cter proteins in which only one out of the three C-terminal CKII consensus sites was sequentially conserved (Ser276, Ser285 and Ser315, respectively). Figure 7B (right panel) shows that the three serine residues, including Ser276, were indeed efficiently phosphorylated by CKII." SIGNOR-250826 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT MYBL2 protein P10244 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 10871850 t miannu "P19Skp1 and Cul-1 bind to the F-box protein p45Skp2 to form a complex (SCF) that functions as E3 ubiquitin ligase.We show that B-Myb physically and functionally interacts with components of the Cdc34-SCFp45Skp2 ubiquitin pathway and propose that B-Myb degradation may be required for controlling the correct alternation of events during progression through the cell division cycle." SIGNOR-272572 POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT MYH2 protein Q9UKX2 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001103 15728583 t lperfetto "Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation" SIGNOR-238757 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 BTO:0000575 16469705 t gcesareni "This is not due to direct c-FLIP phosphorylation but depends on JNK-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch," SIGNOR-245310 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT PPP1R12A protein O14974 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr696 ARQSRRStQGVTLTD 9606 12030846 t lperfetto "Mypt1 was phosphorylated by ilk and phosphorylation sites in the n- and c-terminal fragments of mypt1 were detected. From sequence analyses, three sites were identified: a primary site at thr(709), and two other sites at thr(695) and thr(495)" SIGNOR-87924 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264284 CSN1S1 protein P47710 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser529 GLPNGLLsGDEDFSS 9606 21232017 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of serine 529 of p65 is mediated by casein kinase ii, but is prevented in nonstimulated cells by the interaction with ikba" SIGNOR-171222 VRK2 protein Q86Y07 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr2 tTSQKHRD 9606 16495336 t lperfetto "Herein, we demonstrate that b1, vrk1, and vrk2 efficiently phosphorylate the extreme n' terminus of the baf protein. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain" SIGNOR-144799 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR GATA2 protein P23769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser401 QTRNRKMsNKSKKSK 9606 BTO:0000876 15837948 t "PI-3K/Akt-dependent manner." lperfetto "We show that insulin induces gata2 phosphorylation on serine 401 in a pi-3k/akt-dependent manner. Insulin-dependent phosphorylation of serine 401 impairs gata2 translocation to the nucleus and its dna binding activity" SIGNOR-244271 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser170 GGAFFSPsPGSSSLS 9606 11997522 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of nfatc4 by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinasesthe p38 map kinase phosphorylates multiple residues, including ser(168) and ser(170), in the nfat homology domain of nfatc4. Replacement of ser(168,170) with ala promotes nuclear localization of nfatc4 and increases nfat-mediated transcription activity." SIGNOR-87397 MYT1L protein Q9UL68 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005949 30312684 t miannu "Myt1 and Myt1l transcription factors limit proliferation in GBM cells by repressing YAP1 expression. Examination of the gene expression changes in cells expressing Myt1 or Myt1l suggests that both repress expression of the YAP1 transcriptional coactivator, which functions primarily in the Hippo signaling pathway. Expression of YAP1 and its target genes is reduced in Myt-expressing cells, and there is an inverse correlation between YAP1 and MYT1/MYT1L expression in human brain cancer datasets. Together, our data suggest that Myt1 and Myt1l directly repress expression of YAP1, a protein which promotes proliferation and GBM growth." SIGNOR-266778 ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269826 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 12871085 t miannu "The NMDA receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel composed of the NR1 and NR2 subunits, is located mainly at synapses of CNS neurons. Each receptor has two binding sites for glycine and two binding sites for glutamate" SIGNOR-264131 CROCC protein Q5TZA2 UNIPROT Centrosome_separation phenotype SIGNOR-PH177 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 24035387 t miannu "C-Nap1 and rootletin have been previously reported to be the important centrosome linker components involved in centrosome cohesion." SIGNOR-273706 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7322 RAGSRAGsRASSRRG 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264433 ketotifen chemical CHEBI:92511 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0002126 18446005 t Luana "We therefore tested how receptor internalization influenced the binding properties of a variety of H1-receptor antagonists. In this report, we present our findings that there were clear differences between the effect of histamineinduced H1-receptor internalization on the inhibition of [ 3 H]mepyramine binding by sedative and non-sedative H1-receptor antagonists in intact cells" SIGNOR-257789 TBX5 protein Q99593 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20802524 f miannu "TBX5 suppressed tumor cell proliferation and metastasis through the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, metastasis suppressor 1 and downregulation of synuclein gamma and metastasis-associated protein 1 family member 2." SIGNOR-255253 D-ribofuranose smallmolecule CHEBI:47013 ChEBI "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25749547 t miannu "Human ribokinase (RK) is a member of the ribokinase family, and is the first enzyme responsible for D-ribose metabolism, since D-ribose must first be converted into D-ribose-5-phosphate to be further metabolized and incorporated into ATP or other high energy phosphorylated compounds." SIGNOR-267071 NCOA4 protein Q13772 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10347167 t miannu "Identification of ara70 as a ligand-enhanced coactivator for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. / ppargamma and ara70 interact in the absence of the ppargamma ligand 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin j2, although the addition of exogenous ligand enhances this interaction." SIGNOR-67687 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 21779497 t lperfetto "When active, pi3k converts phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (pip2) into phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (pip3). Pip3, in turn, binds the pleckstrin homology (ph) domain of akt/pkb, stimulating its kinase activity, resulting in the phosphorylation of a host of other proteins that affect cell growth, cell cycle entry, and cell survival." SIGNOR-175247 morphine chemical CHEBI:17303 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258931 DNMT1 protein P26358 UNIPROT GAD1 protein Q99259 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19029285 f miannu "induction of the reelin and GAD67 mRNAs is accompanied by the dissociation of repressor complexes containing all three DNMTs, MeCP2, and HDAC1 from the corresponding promoters and by increased local histone acetylation." SIGNOR-254574 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP protein levels can be negatively regulated by the activity of the E3-ubiquitin ligases Fbw7, Skp2, and Smurf1" SIGNOR-254775 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 19716789 t miannu " Here, we report that DNA damage not only activates Chk1, but also exposes a degron-like region at the carboxyl terminus of Chk1 to an Fbx6-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase, which mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of Chk1 and, in turn, terminates the checkpoint." SIGNOR-271880 CDKN2AIP protein Q9NXV6 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18292944 f fstefani "Carf interacts with hdm2 and undergoes degradation by an hdm2-dependent proteasome pathway, and ii) it acts as a transcriptional repressor of hdm2." SIGNOR-160971 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1387 QPLSKSSsSPELQTL 9606 16959574 t lperfetto "We have observed that ampk directly phosphorylates tsc2, and the ampk-dependent phosphorylation of tsc2 is critical for the coordination between cell growth and cellular energy levels. Phosphorylation of tsc2 by ampk is required for translation regulation and cell size control in response to energy deprivation." SIGNOR-216438 STX17 protein P56962 UNIPROT "STX17-VAMP8 SNARE complex" complex SIGNOR-C551 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 23217709 t miannu "Here, we identify syntaxin 17 (Stx17) as the autophagosomal SNARE required for fusion with the endosome/lysosome. Stx17 localizes to the outer membrane of completed autophagosomes but not to the isolation membrane (unclosed intermediate structures); for this reason, the lysosome does not fuse with the isolation membrane. Stx17 interacts with SNAP-29 and the endosomal/lysosomal SNARE VAMP8." SIGNOR-273709 "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR Epigenetic_regulation phenotype SIGNOR-PH203 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30397315 f miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269828 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-270065 NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT SPEN protein Q96T58 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11331609 t gcesareni "Sharp is a potent transcriptional repressor whose repression domain (rd) interacts directly with smrt" SIGNOR-107260 DICER1/hAgo2/PRKRA complex SIGNOR-C41 SIGNOR NcRNA_processing phenotype SIGNOR-PH95 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23661684 f lperfetto "To test small RNA processing by such PACT-containing complexes, we tested the substrates described above for cleavage rates (pre-let-7a, pre-miR-34c and dsRNA W1) and product length specificity (pre-miR-200a and pre-miR-34c). The results of these experiments showed that Dicer–Ago2–TRBP and Dicer–Ago2–PACT produce the same miRNA products from pre-miR-200a and pre-miR-34c substrates as observed for Dicer–TRBP and Dicer–PACT, respectively (Figure 3A)." SIGNOR-255322 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT FOXG1 protein P55316 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12657635 t miannu "Human PLU-1 Has transcriptional repression properties and interacts with the developmental transcription factors BF-1 and PAX9. In a reporter assay system, PLU-1 has potent transcriptional repression activity. BF-1 and PAX9 also represses transcription in the same assay, but co-expression of PLU-1 with BF-1 or PAX9 significantly enhances this repression" SIGNOR-223878 UBIAD1 protein Q9Y5Z9 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000362 30518913 t miannu "This study show that UBIAD1 interacts with H-Ras, retains H-Ras in the Golgi apparatus, prevents H-Ras trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, blocks the aberrant activation of Ras/MAPK signaling, and inhibits the proliferation of bladder cancer cells." SIGNOR-256206 citrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16947 ChEBI PFK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF79 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 31751601 t miannu "Once in the cytoplasm, citrate is able to inhibit phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) [4], the enzyme that is in charge of the “committed” step in glycolysis and converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate (Fig. 1). In addition, citrate can inhibit PFK2, a bifunctional enzyme that regulates the rates of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Thus, a high level of citrate can lead to the reduction of glycolysis by directly inhibiting PFK1 and PFK2 and indirectly inhibiting PK." SIGNOR-267579 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT NCOA1 protein Q15788 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser395 PSVNPSIsPAHGVAR 9606 10660621 t lperfetto "Furthermore, erk-2 phosphorylated threonine 1179 and serine 1185 (and to a lesser extent, serine 395) in vitro, suggesting the importance of this pathway for src-1 regulation. Treatment of cells expressing src-1 with epidermal growth factor enhanced the ligand-dependent, progesterone receptor-mediated activation of a target reporter gene." SIGNOR-74876 "eribulin mesylate" chemical CHEBI:70710 ChEBI TUBB1 protein Q9H4B7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 16940412 t miannu "The complex marine natural product halichondrin B was compared with NSC 707389 (E7389), a structurally simplified, synthetic macrocyclic ketone analog, which has been selected for clinical trials in human patients. NSC 707389 was invariably more potent than halichondrin B in its interactions with tubulin. Both compounds inhibited tubulin assembly, inhibited nucleotide exchange on beta-tubulin, and were noncompetitive inhibitors of the binding of radiolabeled vinblastine and dolastatin 10 to tubulin." SIGNOR-259345 SERPINC1 protein P01008 UNIPROT F11 protein P03951 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 31030036 t lperfetto "Antithrombin (AT), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily, is a major circulating inhibitor of blood coagulation proteases such as factor (F) IIa (known as thrombin), FXa and, to a lesser extent, FIXa, FXIa and FXIIa. SERPINC1, which encodes AT in humans, is located on chromosome 1q25.1" SIGNOR-264137 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT METTL3 protein Q86U44 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser525 YGMIERLsPGTRKIE 9606 BTO:0000007 33217317 t miannu "Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ERK phosphorylates METTL3 at three highly conserved residues: S43, S50, and S525 (Figures 2D and 2E). Mutational analysis further confirmed these three sites as main ERK phosphorylation sites (Figure 2F). Phosphorylation of METTL3 increases interaction with USP5, decreasing ubiquitination to stabilize the m6 A methyltransferase complex." SIGNOR-265948 FABP5 protein Q01469 UNIPROT "Fatty acid" stimulus SIGNOR-ST19 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28457600 t miannu "Astrocytes and endothelial cells, two major components of the blood brain barrier, are the major contributors to the transportation of PUFAs from the circulation to brain. There are four classes of lipid transportation proteins involved in lipid synthesis and transportation in adult brain, including fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), caveolin-1, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS) and fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs)." SIGNOR-264459 GEMIN2 protein O14893 UNIPROT "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12065586 t lperfetto "SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex that also contains Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6. The SMN complex functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and probably other ribonucleoprotein particles. We have identified a novel protein component of the SMN complex termed Gemin7 using native purified SMN complexes and peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-253116 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NCF1 protein P14598 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser345 QARPGPQsPGSPLEE 9606 BTO:0000130 16778989 t gcesareni "Inhibitors of the erk1/2 pathway abrogated gm-csf-induced phosphorylation of ser345, while p38 mapk inhibitor abrogated tnf-alpha-induced phosphorylation of ser345.These results show that the ala-mutated p47phox acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of endogenous p47phox and clearly indicate that phosphorylation of ser345 is required for the priming of nadph oxidase activity in neutrophil-like cells." SIGNOR-147174 RAD21L1 protein Q9H4I0 UNIPROT "RAD21L Cohesin complex" complex SIGNOR-C355 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000534 21242291 t miannu "RAD21L associates with SMC3, STAG3, and either SMC1α or SMC1β. Our results suggest that cohesin complexes containing RAD21L may be involved in synapsis initiation and crossover recombination between homologous chromosomes. In mice, RAD21L is expressed exclusively in early meiosis: it apparently replaces RAD21 in premeiotic S phase, becomes detectable on the axial elements in leptotene, and stays on the axial/lateral elements until mid pachytene. RAD21L then disappears, and is replaced with RAD21." SIGNOR-264535 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" dephosphorylation 9606 10644691 t "In addition, PP2C expression relieves Axin-mediated repression of LEF-1-dependent transcription. PP2C utilizes Axin as a substrate both in vitro and in vivo and decreases its half-life. These results indicate that PP2C is a positive regulator of Wnt signal transduction and mediates its effects through the dephosphorylation of Axin." SIGNOR-248488 SLC16A4 protein O15374 UNIPROT Survival phenotype SIGNOR-PH13 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26384349 f lperfetto "Treatment with _-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamate (CHC), a known inhibitor of MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4, dose-dependently induced cell death in MM cell lines and primary MM cells (Figure 1C). Thus, monocarboxylate transportation across membranes appears crucial for MM cell survival." SIGNOR-242519 ARHGAP11B protein Q3KRB8 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260468 "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR Inflammation phenotype SIGNOR-PH12 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32133002 f miannu "Both the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the subsequent inflammation play significant roles in defending against viral infections. However, aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation or chronic inflammation can also lead to severe pathological injury. Accordingly, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated inflammation is a double-edged sword for host to defense viral infection. Modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activity can prove to be a promising strategy for the intervention of viral diseases." SIGNOR-260346 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr25 APPPQPPtPALPHPP 9606 8846784 t lperfetto "Here we show that in vitro rk phosphorylates human gst-mapkap kinase-2 at thr25 in the proline-rich n-terminal region thr222 and ser272 in the catalytic domain and thr334 in the c-terminal domain. Using novel methodology we demonstrate that activation of mapkap kinase-2 requires the phosphorylation" SIGNOR-44351 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT SLC2A1 protein P11166 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9148896 f lperfetto "These data suggest a regulatory model in which MyoD activation during myogenesis causes the down-regulation of Sp1, which contributes to the repression of GLUT1 gene transcription and, therefore, leads to the reduction in GLUT1 expression and glucose transport." SIGNOR-241485 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT USP37 protein Q86T82 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21596315 t lperfetto "USP37 was induced by E2F transcription factors in G1|Ectopic E2F1 activated the wild-type promoter, but not the mutant promoter, 3-fold over basal levels in 293T cells (Figure 4F), confirming the functionality of the E2F binding sites in the USP37 promoter." SIGNOR-265047 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser203 DLEFSSGsPGKETNE 9606 23650397 t gcesareni "SGK1 also potentiated and maintained GR activation in the presence of cortisol, and even after cortisol withdrawal, by increasing GR phosphorylation and GR nuclear translocation|Having demonstrated that SGK1 mediates the cortisol-induced increase in GR phosphorylation at the S203 and S211 phospho-sites, which enhance GR nuclear translocation, but not at the S226 site, which inhibits nuclear translocation" SIGNOR-251669 ritanserin chemical CHEBI:64195 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258691 BCL2L1 protein Q07817 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 10949026 t lperfetto "Bad dimerizes with bcl-xl at the mitochondrial membrane where it exert its killing effects. Phosphorylation of bad promotes its binding to 14-3-3 protein, which may sequester bad from bcl-xl, thus promoting cell cells survival." SIGNOR-81125 MRGPRX1 protein Q96LB2 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256929 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT BACE1 protein P56817 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser498 DDFADDIsLLK 9606 BTO:0000007 11278841 t llicata "Here, we report that BACE can be phosphorylated within its cytoplasmic domain at serine residue 498 by casein kinase 1. Phosphorylation exclusively occurs after full maturation of BACE by propeptide cleavage and complex N-glycosylation. | After reinternalization, BACE wild type as well as BACE S498D are efficiently retrieved from early endosomal compartments and further targeted to later endosomal compartments and/or the trans-Golgi network. In contrast, nonphosphorylatable BACE S498A is retained within early endosomes." SIGNOR-250797 PRKAR2A protein P13861 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258752 SMARCE1 protein Q969G3 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269819 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP inhibits the PI3K–AKT axis by directly interacting with both proteins, reducing phosphorylation and activation of AKT. The GAP activity of DAB2IP can further enforce inhibition of the PI3K–AKT axis by reducing Ras-dependent activation of PI3K p110α subunit." SIGNOR-254750 POLR3D protein P05423 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266130 DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT LRFN1 protein Q9P244 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 21736948 t miannu "SALMs 1-3 contain a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, which interacts with PSD-95, an abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein, whereas SALM4 and SALM5 lack PDZ binding. Interactions between SALMs 1–3 and PSD-95 family proteinscould serve a number of functions. SALM1 and SALM2, which lack the ability to interact with a presynaptic ligand and thus cannot be directly targeted to sites of early synaptic adhesion, may require PSD-95 binding for their localization to early synapses." SIGNOR-264095 IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT ITGA2 protein P17301 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001596 1744142 f lperfetto "TGF-beta 1 decreases the biosynthesis of alpha 3 subunit but increases the production of alpha 2 subunit. IL-1 beta potentiates the effects of TGF-beta 1. Furthermore, in the presence of TGF-beta 1 the increase in the expression of alpha 1 subunit by IL-1 beta is even larger. Thus, IL-1 beta and TGF-beta 1, which usually have antagonistic functions in connective tissue, can regulate integrin expression in a synergistic way." SIGNOR-253356 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT WAC protein Q9BTA9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr244 AETHSSStPVQHPIK 9606 BTO:0000567 30021153 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) phosphorylates WAC, priming its direct interaction with the polo-box domain of Plk1. Knockdown of WAC compromises Plk1 activity and delays mitotic entry." SIGNOR-265032 SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT CLOCK/BMAL1 complex SIGNOR-C195 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 19299583 t lperfetto "Using Per2:luciferase transcriptional reporter assays in HEK293 cells (Fig. 2C-E; S2), we show that inhibition of NAMPT by FK866 led to a significant increase in the CLOCK:BMAL1-driven transcription of the Per2:luciferase reporter (Fig. 2C), indicating that reduced NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis released CLOCK:BMAL1 from the SIRT1-dependent suppression." SIGNOR-253722 TNKS1BP1 protein Q9C0C2 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268304 PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT PXN protein P49023 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15688067 t miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257732 THRA protein P10827 UNIPROT RARB protein P10826 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t gcesareni "Ee report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs" SIGNOR-133243 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser422 IACDEEFsDSEDEGE 9606 BTO:0000567 12082111 t llicata "HDAC2 is phosphorylated uniquely by protein kinase CK2 in vitro. Studies using unfractionated cell extracts with CK2 inhibitors suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major source of HDAC2 kinase. Finally, and perhaps most interesting, HDAC2 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity, selectively regulates complex formation, but has no effect on transcriptional repression. | Since our data suggest that protein kinase CK2 is the major kinase responsible for HDAC2 phosphorylation, and because Ser422 and Ser424, but not Ser411, lie within CK2 recognition sequences, we believe that Ser394, Ser422, and Ser424 constitute the three phosphorylated residues in HDAC2." SIGNOR-250887 ULK3 protein Q6PHR2 UNIPROT GLI1 protein P08151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19878745 t Manara "We show that ULK3 is able to phosphorylate three mammalian GLI proteins in vitro. | Our data suggest that serine/threonine kinase ULK3 is involved in the SHH pathway as a positive regulator of GLI proteins." SIGNOR-260797 GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT Myelination phenotype SIGNOR-PH206 SIGNOR up-regulates NBK6142 f "Whilst shh signalling is required for ventral oligodendrogenesis in the entire central nervous system, Gli2 activity only regulates oligodendrocyte development in the ventral spinal cord. Gli3 plays a nonessential role in ventral oligodendrogenesis during normal development. " SimoneGraziosi SIGNOR-269215 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SLC9A1 protein P19634 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser729 ASPQSPEsVDLVNEE 9606 18701649 t gcesareni "Such results suggest that during apoptosis, oxidative stress could activate p38 mapk, phosphorylating nhe1 at s726 and s729." SIGNOR-180048 DYDC1 protein Q8WWB3 UNIPROT SH3GL3 protein Q99963 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19545932 t miannu "DYDC1 and SH3P13 interact in vitro and in vivo. We recently demonstrated that SH3P13, a BAR domain-containing protein, assists in regulatingclathrin-coated vesicle traffic that is crucial for acrosome biogenesis during spermatogenesis" SIGNOR-263882 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SH2D2A protein Q9NP31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr280 PKPSNPIyNEPDEPI 9606 BTO:0000782 18541536 t miannu "Here we mapped Lck phosphorylation and interaction sites on TSAd and evaluated their functional importance. The three C-terminal TSAd tyrosines Tyr(280), Tyr(290), and Tyr(305) were phosphorylated by Lck and functioned as docking sites for the Lck Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. Lck binds to TSAd prolines and phosphorylates and interacts with the three C-terminal TSAd tyrosines. We propose that through multivalent interactions with Lck, TSAd diverts Lck from phosphorylating other substrates, thus modulating its functional activity through substrate competition." SIGNOR-262888 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT BLNK protein Q8WV28 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr84 EHSDSEMyVMPAEEN -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254692 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT FUNDC1 protein Q8IVP5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 PPPQDYEsDDDSYEV 9606 BTO:0000567 24746696 t miannu "Here, we identify that the mitochondrially localized PGAM5 phosphatase interacts with and dephosphorylates FUNDC1 at serine 13 (Ser-13) upon hypoxia or carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) treatment. Dephosphorylation of FUNDC1 catalyzed by PGAM5 enhances its interaction with LC3, which is abrogated following knockdown of PGAM5 or the introduction of a cell-permeable unphosphorylated peptide encompassing the Ser-13 and LIR of FUNDC1. We further observed that CK2 phosphorylates FUNDC1 to reverse the effect of PGAM5 in mitophagy activation. " SIGNOR-273622 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GGA1 protein Q9UJY5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser355 EQPSASVsLLDDELM 9534 BTO:0000298 12060753 t miannu "Serine-355 of GGA1 is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro. This inhibition is caused by the binding of an AC-LL sequence present in the hinge segment to the ligand-binding site in the VHS domain. The inhibition depends on the phosphorylation of a serine located three residues upstream of the AC-LL motif. The serine is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 in in vitro assays. " SIGNOR-273623 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IP6K2 protein Q9UHH9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser347 RPEVVLDsDAEDLED 9606 BTO:0000007 21262846 t miannu "CK2 physiologically phosphorylates IP6K2 at amino acid residues S347 and S356 contained within a PEST sequence, a consensus site for ubiquitination. HCT116 cells depleted of IP6K2 are resistant to cell death elicited by CK2 inhibitors. CK2 phosphorylation at the degradation motif of IP6K2 enhances its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation." SIGNOR-273624 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IP6K2 protein Q9UHH9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser356 AEDLEDLsEESADES 9606 BTO:0000007 21262846 t miannu "CK2 physiologically phosphorylates IP6K2 at amino acid residues S347 and S356 contained within a PEST sequence, a consensus site for ubiquitination. HCT116 cells depleted of IP6K2 are resistant to cell death elicited by CK2 inhibitors. CK2 phosphorylation at the degradation motif of IP6K2 enhances its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation." SIGNOR-273625 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SLITRK1 protein Q96PX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser695 DCGSHSLsD -1 19640509 t miannu "In our studies, SICD was phosphorylated by PKA, PKC, and CK2, and association of SLITRK1 with 14-3-3 was regulated by phosphorylation at Ser695. Co-precipitation experiments demonstrated much greater recovery of 14-3-3 in SLITRK1 precipitates when wild-type or S695E was used, as compared with S695A, consistent with the results with purified peptides." SIGNOR-273633 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SLITRK1 protein Q96PX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser695 DCGSHSLsD -1 19640509 t miannu "In our studies, SICD was phosphorylated by PKA, PKC, and CK2, and association of SLITRK1 with 14-3-3 was regulated by phosphorylation at Ser695. Co-precipitation experiments demonstrated much greater recovery of 14-3-3 in SLITRK1 precipitates when wild-type or S695E was used, as compared with S695A, consistent with the results with purified peptides." SIGNOR-273634 FBXO22 protein Q8NEZ5 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000356 31138683 t lperfetto "SCFFBXO22 targets HDM2 for degradation and modulates breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis|we discovered Skp1-Cullin 1-FBXO22-ROC1 (SCFFBXO22) as the most dominating HDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase from human proteome. The results of protein decay rate analysis, ubiquitination, siRNA-mediated silencing, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments support a hypothesis that FBXO22 targets cellular HDM2 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-273440 BMP7 protein P18075 UNIPROT BMPR2 protein Q13873 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C29 7644468 t acerquone "In transfected cos-1 cells, osteogenic protein (op)-1/bmp-7, and less efficiently bmp-4, bound to bmpr-ii. Bmpr-ii bound ligands only weakly alone, but the binding was facilitated by the presence of previously identified type i receptors for bmps. Binding of op-1/bmp-7 to bmpr-ii was also observed in nontransfected cell lines. Moreover, a transcriptional activation signal was transduced by bmpr-ii in the presence of type i receptors after stimulation by op-1/bmp-7." SIGNOR-30512 PTPRD protein P23468 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0000551;BTO:0000527 BTO:0000142 19478061 t miannu "Transfection of wild-type ptprd resulted in the specific dephosphorylation of stat3 at tyrosine 705, a residue that must be phosphorylated for stat3 to be active" SIGNOR-185933 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR SLITRK1 protein Q96PX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser695 DCGSHSLsD -1 19640509 t miannu "In our studies, SICD was phosphorylated by PKA, PKC, and CK2, and association of SLITRK1 with 14-3-3 was regulated by phosphorylation at Ser695. Co-precipitation experiments demonstrated much greater recovery of 14-3-3 in SLITRK1 precipitates when wild-type or S695E was used, as compared with S695A, consistent with the results with purified peptides." SIGNOR-273635 CSNK2B protein P67870 UNIPROT SORT1 protein Q99523 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser825 KSGYHDDsDEDLLE 10090 BTO:0003449 25805502 t miannu " Phosphorylation of Ser-825 is required for insulin to induce Sort1 in AML12 cells. LC-MS/MS analysis further revealed that serine phosphorylation of Sort1 protein was required for insulin induction of Sort1 in a casein kinase 2-dependent manner and that inhibition of PI3K signaling or prevention of Sort1 phosphorylation accelerated proteasome-dependent Sort1 degradation. " SIGNOR-273636 FAM20C protein Q8IXL6 UNIPROT HRC protein P23327 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser96 EKEDEDVsKEYGHLL 10116 BTO:0001879 28784772 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that family with sequence similarity 20C (Fam20C), a recently characterized protein kinase in the secretory pathway, phosphorylates HRC on Ser96. HRC Ser96 phosphorylation was confirmed in cells and human hearts.The pSer96-HRC binds tighter to triadin than S96A-HRC, which cannot be phosphorylated. Conversely, S96A-HRC or unphosphorylated Ser96-HRC binds tighter to SERCA2a. This suggests that Ser96-HRC phosphorylation (P) regulates HRC’s interactions with the major SR Ca-cycling proteins." SIGNOR-273639 IKK-complex complex SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR MTURN protein Q8N3F0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser58 GDNFHVWsESEDCLP 10090 BTO:0002572 28704656 t miannu "Here we report that viral infection induced upregulation of INKIT, an inhibitor for NF-κB and IRF3 that restricted innate antiviral responses by blocking phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3. Viral infection induced IKK-mediated phosphorylation of INKIT at Ser58, resulting in its dissociation from the IKKs. INKIT is associated with IKKα/β and TBK1/IKKɛ and inhibits the recruitment and phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3, respectively. IKKα and TBK1 phosphorylate INKIT at Ser58, which results in disassociation of INKIT from IKKα or TBK1 and thereby allows for the subsequent recruitment and phosphorylation of p65 and IRF3" SIGNOR-273641 HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT LGMN protein Q99538 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000815 24610907 t miannu "We demonstrate that TRAF6 ubiquitinates the proform of AEP through K63-linked polyubiquitin, reversible by USP17, and forms a complex with HSP90α to subsequently promote pro-AEP intracellular stability as well as secretion. We now present evidence that AEP is a substrate for TRAF6 ubiquitination, resulting in AEP/TRAF6/HSP90α complex formation." SIGNOR-272855 TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser1717 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Although there is some inconsistency in the literature, it is generally thought that cdk7, a component of the transcription factor (tf) iih, is a major ser-5 kinase, whereas cdk9, a component of positive transcription elongation factor (p-tef) b, is a major ser-2 kinase within cells. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-269357 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT TMIGD2 protein Q96BF3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser220 GKDQRGQsIYSTSFP 9606 BTO:0000007 32978258 t miannu "Manipulating the IκB kinase β activity coupled with in vivo and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that IκB kinase β is a key serine/threonine kinase activated by autophagy stimuli and that it catalyzes phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at Ser220 The subsequent activation of IGPR-1, in turn, stimulates phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which leads to phosphorylation of the major pro-autophagy proteins ULK1 and Beclin-1 (BECN1), increased LC3-II levels, and accumulation of LC3 punctum. " SIGNOR-273642 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1265 FPMTPTTyKGSVDNQ 9606 BTO:0000394 12881528 t lperfetto "Trans-phosphorylation of activated, dimerized receptor tyrosine kinases is known to be critical for the regulation of kinase activity and for receptor interaction with signal transduction molecules. In this study, we have identified five tyrosyl phosphorylation sites in the vegfr-3 carboxyl-terminal tail." SIGNOR-104080 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser982 KKKSEPSsPDHGSST -1 11287604 t lperfetto "Plc beta1 could be efficiently phosphorylated by activated mitogen-activated protein kinase but not by pka. The erk phosphorylation site was mapped to serine 982" SIGNOR-106565 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr252 HDGTVTHtFCGTIEY 9606 19864428 t gcesareni "A regulatory link between p70s6k and pkb was demonstrated, as pdk1 was found to selectively phosphorylate p70s6k at thr229. More importantly, pdk1 activated p70s6k in vitro and in vivo, whereas the catalytically inactive pdk1 blocked insulin-induced activation of p70s6k. One of the most studied events controlled by ptdins(3,4,5)p3, comprises the activation of a of agc family protein kinases, including isoforms of protein kinase b (pkb)/akt, p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (s6k), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (sgk) and protein kinase c (pkc), which play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes relevant to metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we review recent biochemical, genetic and structural studies on the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1), which phosphorylates and activates the agc kinase members regulated by pi 3-kinase. We also discuss whether inhibitors of pdk1 might have chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of cancers in which the pdk1-regulated agc kinases are constitutively activated. Phosphorylation and activation of p70s6k by pdk1." SIGNOR-188907 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT MUC4 protein Q99102 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000584 22537161 f lperfetto "Nicotine, IFN-γ and retinoic acid mediated induction of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer requires E2F1 and STAT-1 transcription factors and utilize different signaling cascades" SIGNOR-254133 RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT IL1B protein P01584 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000801 23667107 t lperfetto "Early Inhibition of IL-1 beta Expression by IFN-gamma Is Mediated by Impaired Binding of NF-kappa B to the IL-1 beta Promoter but Is Independent of Nitric Oxide|We report that IFN-γ suppressed bacterial RNA and LPS induced IL-1β transcription in primary murine macrophages" SIGNOR-251736 PRKAR2B protein P31323 UNIPROT PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 26687711 t "Inactive PKA exists as a holoenzyme, comprised of two regulatory (R) subunits and two catalytic subunits . In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme becomes active by binding two cAMP molecules cooperatively to each R subunit, resulting in a conformational change in the R subunits, thus releasing the two C subunits to phosphorylate downstream targets" SIGNOR-258754 FOXA2 protein Q9Y261 UNIPROT OTX2 protein P32243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 10623575 t miannu "Here we show that OTX2 directly associates with LIM1 and HNF-3beta. The luciferase assay with the P3C sequence, a specific DNA binding sequence for paired-class homeobox genes, has demonstrated that LIM1 enhances, but HNF-3beta represses, OTX2-directed gene expression." SIGNOR-221164 TLR9 protein Q9NR96 UNIPROT TIRAP protein P58753 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t scontino "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-266748 ITK protein Q08881 UNIPROT HAVCR2 protein Q8TDQ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr265 IRSEENIyTIEENVY 9606 BTO:0000007 17069754 t miannu "When we tested the effect of ITK on the Y265 mutant, we found a pronounced reduction of ITK-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that Y265 is specifically phosphorylated by ITK (Fig. 3B). Our results demonstrate that specific phosphorylation of Y265 of Tim-3 occurs in the presence of galectin-9, probably through a receptor-ligand interaction. Phosphorylation of Y265, which is situated in a highly conserved SH2 binding domain, could result in the recruitment of SH2 containing adaptor proteins and trigger downstream signalling events regulating the fate of Tim-3 expressing T-cells." SIGNOR-273644 SDHA protein P31040 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II" complex SIGNOR-C278 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex II (EC 1.3.5.1) or succinate dehydrogenase (quinone) is shared between the TCA cycle and the ETC and has no proton pumping activity. It is composed of four nDNA-encoded subunits. The two hydrophilic catalytic subunits are SDHA/SDH1 and SDHB/SDH2. Hydrophobic subunits SDHC/SDH3 and SDHD/SDH4 constitute the cII membrane anchor, containing a haem b group and two CoQ binding sites" SIGNOR-262188 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SSBP3 protein Q9BWW4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr25 EKLALYVyEYLLHVG 9606 BTO:0000007 18080319 t miannu " The Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 blocked the nuclear translocation of Ssdp1. Western blot analysis showed that co-expression of Ssdp1 and Lck in 293T cells induces Ssdp1 phosphorylation. Mutation of the Ssdp1 N terminal tyrosine residues 23 and 25 markedly reduced both the phosphorylation and the nuclear localization of Ssdp1.  Lck enhanced the transcriptional activity of Ssdp1 in the context of known components of a LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD)/cofactor complex." SIGNOR-273648 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR JUND protein P17535 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 22327296 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Menin binds the jun family transcription factor jund and inhibits its transcriptional activity. The menin-jund interaction blocks jun n-terminal kinase (jnk)-mediated jund phosphorylation and suppresses jund-induced transcription. We found a role for phosphorylation of the ser100 residue of jund;jund phosphorylation were prevented by inhibitors of calcium, calmodulin, or erk1/2 kinase." SIGNOR-270183 STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr129 ITEIADLtQKIFDLR 9606 BTO:0000671 18986304 t llicata "Ms analysis indicated that mst1 phosphorylates ctni at thr(31), thr(51), thr(129) and thr(143)." SIGNOR-182049 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1878 SPKYSPTsPTYSPTT 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203572 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SSBP3 protein Q9BWW4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr23 AREKLALyVYEYLLH 9606 BTO:0000007 18080319 t miannu " The Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 blocked the nuclear translocation of Ssdp1. Western blot analysis showed that co-expression of Ssdp1 and Lck in 293T cells induces Ssdp1 phosphorylation. Mutation of the Ssdp1 N terminal tyrosine residues 23 and 25 markedly reduced both the phosphorylation and the nuclear localization of Ssdp1.  Lck enhanced the transcriptional activity of Ssdp1 in the context of known components of a LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD)/cofactor complex." SIGNOR-273649 LTK protein P29376 UNIPROT PREB protein Q9HCU5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr10 RRRAPELyRAPFPLY 9606 BTO:0000567 31227593 t miannu "Furthermore, we show that LTK interacts with and phosphorylates Sec12. Expression of a phosphoablating mutant of Sec12 reduces the efficiency of ER export. Thus, LTK-to-Sec12 signaling represents the first example of an ER-resident signaling module with the potential to regulate proteostasis.Altogether, we propose that Sec12 is phosphorylated in a manner dependent on LTK and that this phosphorylation affects ERES function." SIGNOR-273650 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000356 31138683 t lperfetto "SCFFBXO22 targets HDM2 for degradation and modulates breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis|we discovered Skp1-Cullin 1-FBXO22-ROC1 (SCFFBXO22) as the most dominating HDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase from human proteome. The results of protein decay rate analysis, ubiquitination, siRNA-mediated silencing, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments support a hypothesis that FBXO22 targets cellular HDM2 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation." SIGNOR-273441 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT UVRAG protein Q9P2Y5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys517 ENERLQYkTPPPSYN 9606 BTO:0000007 30686098 t miannu "Here we report that UVRAG is ubiquitinated by SMURF1 at lysine residues 517 and 559, which decreases the association of UVRAG with RUBCN and promotes autophagosome maturation. However, the deubiquitinase ZRANB1 specifically cleaves SMURF1-induced K29 and K33-linked polyubiquitin chains from UVRAG, thereby increasing the binding of UVRAG to RUBCN and inhibiting autophagy flux. " SIGNOR-273652 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT UVRAG protein Q9P2Y5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination Lys559 DTSLDFSkENKKKGE 9606 BTO:0000007 30686098 t miannu "Here we report that UVRAG is ubiquitinated by SMURF1 at lysine residues 517 and 559, which decreases the association of UVRAG with RUBCN and promotes autophagosome maturation. However, the deubiquitinase ZRANB1 specifically cleaves SMURF1-induced K29 and K33-linked polyubiquitin chains from UVRAG, thereby increasing the binding of UVRAG to RUBCN and inhibiting autophagy flux. " SIGNOR-273653 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0003031 26868148 t "methylated tp53" lperfetto "We demonstrate here that SCFFbxo22-KDM4A is a senescence-associated E3 ligase targeting methylated p53 for degradation. We find that Fbxo22 is highly expressed in senescent cells in a p53-dependent manner, and that SCFFbxo22 ubiquitylated p53 and formed a complex with a lysine demethylase, KDM4A. |SCFFbxo22 forms a ternary complex with p53 and KDM4A that targets methylated p53 for degradation." SIGNOR-273449 JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT HSD3B2 protein P26439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001555 19022561 f miannu "We found that both SF1 and LRH1 can transcriptionally cooperate with the AP-1 family members c-JUN and c-FOS, known to be associated with enhanced proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells, to further enhance activation of the STAR, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 PII promoters." SIGNOR-254874 MAP3K12 protein Q12852 UNIPROT MYL12B protein O14950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr19 KKRPQRAtSNVFAMF 9606 11781833 t gcesareni "Zip kinase (hzipk) phosphorylated the regulatory light chain of myosin ii (mrlc) at both ser19 and thr18 in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that hzipk also induces the diphosphorylation of mrlc in nonmuscle cells." SIGNOR-113664 TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001370 29733298 t miannu "Here, we show that somatic nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (sNASP) binds to TRAF6 to prevent TRAF6 autoubiquitination in unstimulated macrophages. Following LPS stimulation, a complex consisting of sNASP, TRAF6, IRAK4, and casein kinase 2 (CK2) is formed. CK2 phosphorylates sNASP at serine 158, allowing sNASP to dissociate from TRAF6. Free TRAF6 is then autoubiquitinated, followed by activation of downstream signaling pathways. " SIGNOR-273656 NIBAN2 protein Q96TA1 UNIPROT HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002035 26721396 t miannu "EGFR phosphorylates FAM129B, resulting in binding of phosphorylated FAM129B to H-Ras and reduced the association of p120-RasGAP with H-Ras, thereby enhancing H-Ras activation for ERK1/2-dependent β-catenin transactivation for enhanced Warburg effect, tumor cell proliferation, and brain tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-273659 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT NRG1 protein Q02297 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252182 α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000586 21598020 t miannu "Overexpression of CTNNA3 in a CTNNA1 negative colon carcinoma cell line resulted in the reassembly of the adherens and tight junctions through the recruitment of CTNNA3 interacting partners such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, plakoglobin, and ZO-14" SIGNOR-265818 "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C322 SIGNOR Transcritpional_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH205 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15623580 f lperfetto "All these studies indicate the possibility that disruption of nucleosomes can take place independently of replication and can be coupled with transcription.The exchange of core histones on mitotic chromatin at anaphase and telophase observed by FRAP may reflect the replacement of a subset of nucleosomes in genome regions that are transcriptionally reactivated in the earliest parts of the new cell cycle. This interpretation is consistent with evidence of chromatin remodeling and chromatin association with RNA pol II at the anaphase–telophase transition (Fig. 9; Prasanth et al., 2003). In situ incorporation of Br-U for 5 min at the same stage showed little labeling outside of NORs (Fig. 9), suggesting that the majority of transcription is yet to commence at this point. The replacement of core histones conceivably precedes transcription to allow the clearance of promoter regions for factors to engage." SIGNOR-273455 AIFM1 protein O95831 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 21210296 f gcesareni "Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane allows the leakage of at least five apoptotic mediators from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, such as cyt c, (diablo/diablo), htra2/omi, apoptosis-inducing factors (aif), and endonuclease g. Such modifications result in their activation and translocation to outer mitochondrial membrane (omm) which helps it to interact with multidomain pro-apototic members, bax/baklike proteins, leading to their oligomerization and formation of pore." SIGNOR-170960 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PDZK1 protein Q5T2W1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser505 MAKERAHsTASHSSS 10029 BTO:0000457 16174736 t done miannu "Metabolic labeling experiments and phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that PDZK1 is phosphorylated at Ser residues within this region. Point-mutation analysis demonstrated that PDZK1 is phosphorylated at Ser-509. Interestingly, a mutant PDZK1, in which Ser-509 was replaced with Ala, lost the ability to up-regulate SR-BI protein." SIGNOR-273784 MACROD2 protein A1Z1Q3 UNIPROT acetate smallmolecule CHEBI:30089 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32257385 t miannu "MACROD2 is a protein-coding gene located at a fragile site on human chromosome 20. The MACROD2 protein is a deacetylase involved in the removal of ADP-ribose from mono-ADP-ribosylated proteins" SIGNOR-269842 "Org 27569" chemical CID:44828492 PUBCHEM CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-195097 PBXIP1 protein Q96AQ6 UNIPROT PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24488098 t miannu "This protein that we have termed hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein (HPIP) is mainly localized in the cytosol and in small amounts in the nucleus. The region of PBX that interacts with HPIP includes both the homeodomain and immediate N-terminal flanking sequences. Strikingly, electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that HPIP inhibits the ability of PBX-HOX heterodimers to bind to target sequences. " SIGNOR-273666 PBXIP1 protein Q96AQ6 UNIPROT PBX2 protein P40425 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 24488098 t miannu "This protein that we have termed hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein (HPIP) is mainly localized in the cytosol and in small amounts in the nucleus. The region of PBX that interacts with HPIP includes both the homeodomain and immediate N-terminal flanking sequences. Strikingly, electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that HPIP inhibits the ability of PBX-HOX heterodimers to bind to target sequences. " SIGNOR-273667 ARAP1 protein Q96P48 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260452 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT INCENP protein Q9NQS7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr412 DTEIANStPNPKPAA 9606 16378098 t gcesareni "Here, we report that cdk1 phosphorylates thr 59 and thr 388 on inner centromere protein (incenp), which regulates the localization and kinase activity of aurora-b from prophase to metaphase. The replacement of endogenous incenp with t388a resulted in the delay of progression from metaphase to anaphase." SIGNOR-143387 USF2 protein Q15853 UNIPROT MYH9 protein P35579 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 11467950 f miannu "we have focused on element F of the NMHC-A gene. We have identified and characterized the factors which are capable of binding to element F. The basic helix_loop_helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) proteins, TFEC-l and -s, which are alternatively spliced isoforms, TFE3, USF1, and USF2 have all been found to bind to element F with different binding activities and with different transcriptional activation potencies." SIGNOR-222608 MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11070080 t gcesareni "Mdm2, a negative-feedback regulator of p53, inhibited p300-mediated p53 acetylation by complexing with these two proteins." SIGNOR-84077 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9922370 t lperfetto "Mapkerk1/2 is also able to phopshorylate the egf receptor, the ras exchange factor sos, mkkkraf1, and mkkmek1. The phosphorylation of each of these proteins by mapkerk1/2 is believed to reduce their catalytic activity" SIGNOR-244688 ARHGAP31 protein Q2M1Z3 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260488 CENPC protein Q03188 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265200 "Nucleosome_H3.3 variant" complex SIGNOR-C339 SIGNOR Transcritpional_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH205 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 15623580 f lperfetto "All these studies indicate the possibility that disruption of nucleosomes can take place independently of replication and can be coupled with transcription.The exchange of core histones on mitotic chromatin at anaphase and telophase observed by FRAP may reflect the replacement of a subset of nucleosomes in genome regions that are transcriptionally reactivated in the earliest parts of the new cell cycle. This interpretation is consistent with evidence of chromatin remodeling and chromatin association with RNA pol II at the anaphase–telophase transition (Fig. 9; Prasanth et al., 2003). In situ incorporation of Br-U for 5 min at the same stage showed little labeling outside of NORs (Fig. 9), suggesting that the majority of transcription is yet to commence at this point. The replacement of core histones conceivably precedes transcription to allow the clearance of promoter regions for factors to engage." SIGNOR-273457 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM4B protein O94953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273466 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM5A protein P29375 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273467 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM5C protein P41229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273468 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM4D protein Q6B0I6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273469 HAUS6 protein Q7Z4H7 UNIPROT Microtubule_polimerization phenotype SIGNOR-PH106 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 19029337 f miannu "FAM29A interacts with the NEDD1-gamma-tubulin complex and recruits this complex to the spindle, which, in turn, promotes MT polymerization." SIGNOR-261420 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM7A protein Q6ZMT4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273470 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT NASP protein P49321 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser497 TEEMPNDsVLENKSL 9606 29733298 t miannu "Here, we show that somatic nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (sNASP) binds to TRAF6 to prevent TRAF6 autoubiquitination in unstimulated macrophages. Following LPS stimulation, a complex consisting of sNASP, TRAF6, IRAK4, and casein kinase 2 (CK2) is formed. CK2 phosphorylates sNASP at serine 158, allowing sNASP to dissociate from TRAF6. Free TRAF6 is then autoubiquitinated, followed by activation of downstream signaling pathways. " SIGNOR-273627 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI KDM3B protein Q7LBC6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 29981745 t lperfetto "Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs) that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. |2-OG is a central intermediate of the Krebs cycle, where it is produced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoenzymes 2 and 3." SIGNOR-273471 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser323 QRLFRSPsMPCSVIR 9606 11333986 t lperfetto "P38 binds and phosphorylates cdc25-b and -c at serines 309 and 361 and at serine 216, respectively, and phosphorylation of these residues is required for binding to 14-3-3 proteins phosphorylation of cdc25 triggers cell-cycle arrest by the sequestration of cdc25 by 14-3-3" SIGNOR-107412 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TFCP2 protein Q12800 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser291 TYVNNSPsPGFNSSH 9606 19237534 t lperfetto "We previously established that phosphorylation of lsf in early g1 at ser-291 and ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in g1 is required for its reactivation. At the peak activities of erk and cyclin c/cdk2 in early g1, lsf is efficiently phosphorylated on ser-291 and ser-309." SIGNOR-184176 BCOR protein Q6W2J9 UNIPROT "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 25533466 t miannu "inhibition of adipogenesis does not require the JmjC demethylase domain of FBXL10, but it does require the F-box and leucine-rich repeat domains, which we show recruit a noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) containing RING1B, SKP1, PCGF1, and BCOR." SIGNOR-255276 SLC6A8 protein P48029 UNIPROT creatine smallmolecule CHEBI:16919 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18652074 t miannu "CRT is essential for normal brain function as mutations in the CRT gene (SLC6A8) result in X-linked mental retardation, associated with the almost complete lack of creatine in the brain, severe speech and language delay, epilepsy, and autistic behaviour." SIGNOR-265808 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN4A protein P35499 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253490 PBX1 protein P40424 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression. Our data support the model that Engrailed heterodimerized with Pbx might activate transcription, while Engrailed or Pbx proteins alone might repress transcription" SIGNOR-265777 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT NIFK protein Q9BYG3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr234 TVDSQGPtPVCTPTF -1 16244663 t miannu "The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of human Ki67 interacts with the human nucleolar protein hNIFK, recognizing a 44-residue fragment, hNIFK226-269, phosphorylated at Thr234. Here we show that high-affinity binding requires sequential phosphorylation by two kinases, CDK1 and GSK3, yielding pThr238, pThr234 and pSer230. phosphorylation of Thr234 by GSK3 proceeds only after Thr238 is already phosphorylated by CDK1." SIGNOR-262698 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PGR protein P06401 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser294 APMAPGRsPLATTVM 9606 BTO:0000150 10655479 t gcesareni "Specifically, down-regulation of mature prs occurs by a mechanism in which ligand binding activates pr phosphorylation by mapks at a unique serine residue, which then targets the receptors for degradation." SIGNOR-74716 "Exocyst_EXOC6 variant" complex SIGNOR-C492 SIGNOR SNARE_complex complex SIGNOR-C346 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 30205058 t miannu "The exocyst is a multisubunit protein complex that was first identified and characterized in budding yeast. This complex mediates the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to fusion mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). Sec3 interacts with PI(4,5)P2 (red dots) in the plasma membrane. Its interaction with the t-SNARE protein Sso promotes the assembly of the Sso–Sec9 binary t-SNARE complex." SIGNOR-270793 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1005 EHDSDESsDDDSDSE 9606 10066810 t gcesareni "Mutational analysis of ck2 consensus sites showed that the target for ck2 was in an acidic insert of 19 amino acids in the d2 domain, and ser to ala mutations at amino acids 965, 968, 969, and 973 abrogated ck2 phosphorylation of cd45. Ck2 phosphorylation increased cd45 activity 3-fold toward phosphorylated myelin basic protein," SIGNOR-65273 "ER stress" stimulus SIGNOR-ST9 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 22492984 f gcesareni "Exposure to stress results in the induction of bh3-only proteins, which neutralise the pro-survival proteins" SIGNOR-196941 "Elongator complex" complex SIGNOR-C466 SIGNOR TUBA3D protein P0DPH8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0000007 19185337 t miannu "Elongator Subunits Interact with the Microtubules and Are Required for Proper Acetylation of α-Tubulin. α-Tubulin Acetylation Promotes Radial Migration and Branching of Cortical Projection Neurons" SIGNOR-269715 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 14967450 t lperfetto "The egf-r coimmunoprecipitated with p85 alpha" SIGNOR-121959 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr37 PPGDYSTtPGGTLFS 9606 BTO:0000007 11691836 t lperfetto "The 4E-BPs inhibit translation in a reversible manner. Hypophosphorylated 4E-BPs interact avidly with eIF4E, whereas 4E-BP hyperphosphorylation, elicited by stimulation of cells with hormones, cytokines, or growth factors, results in an abrogation of eIF4E-binding activity.|These results are at variance with reports that have characterized the 4E-BP1/eIF4E interaction utilizing recombinant 4E-BP1 proteins phosphorylated in vitro with ERK, and harboring alanine substitutions at Thr 37, Thr 46, Thr 70, and Ser 83 |phosphorylation of either Thr 46 or Ser 65 was reported to result in a decrease in eIF4E binding" SIGNOR-249392 NFY complex SIGNOR-C1 SIGNOR TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 25328138 t lperfetto "The expression of human TOP2A is controlled by its promoter region that contains two GC boxes and five CCAAT boxes. NF-Y recognizes and binds to the ICBs. This binding of NF-Y to the TOP2A promoter can be promoted by HMGB1/2 and inhibited by pRb." SIGNOR-242526 HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256885 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TRPV3 protein Q8NET8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr264 EGFYFGEtPLALAAC 9606 BTO:0000552 29084846 t done miannu "We observed that ERK-mediated phosphorylation of TRPV3 alters its responsiveness to repeated chemical stimuli. Among several putative ERK phosphorylation sites, we identified threonine 264 in the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain as the most critical site for the ERK-dependent modulation of TRPV3 channel activity. Of note, Thr264 is in close vicinity to a structurally and functionally important TRPV3 region comprising an atypical finger 3 and oxygen-dependent hydroxylation site. In summary, our findings indicate that Thr264 in TRPV3 is a key ERK phosphorylation site mediating EGFR-induced sensitization of the channel to stimulate signaling pathways involved in regulating skin homeostasis." SIGNOR-273672 PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI WDR45 protein Q9Y484 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001938 28561066 t miannu "All WIPI members fold into seven-bladed β-propeller proteins that bind PtdIns3P and co-localize at nascent autophagosomes." SIGNOR-268475 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT CCAR2 protein Q8N163 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr454 AAEAAPPtQEAQGET 9606 22735644 t lperfetto " Here, we report that, in human cell lines, DNA damage triggered the phosphorylation of DBC1 on Thr454 by ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated) and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) kinases. Phosphorylated DBC1 bound to and inhibited SIRT1, resulting in the dissociation of the SIRT1-p53 complex and stimulating p53 acetylation and p53-dependent cell death. " SIGNOR-267662 COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT DDR2 protein Q16832 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001282 17318226 t lperfetto "The Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs) constitute a unique set of receptor tyrosine kinases that signal in response to collagen.|Consistent with this view128, we showed that ectopic expression of DDR1b or DDR2 in HT1080 cells elicited a potent growth inhibitory effect only when the cells were cultured on 2D or 3D COL1 matrices, in agreement with previous studies in melanoma48, breast cancer76,78, and lung cancer cells74,75. " SIGNOR-272342 NT5E protein P21589 UNIPROT adenosine smallmolecule CHEBI:16335 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 31461341 t Luana "Ecto-5'-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5'-monophosphate to adenosine." SIGNOR-269742 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT PGM1 protein P36871 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr467 SANDKVYtVEKADNF 9606 BTO:0001271 15378030 t gcesareni "The signaling kinase p21-activated kinase 1 (pak1) binds to, phosphorylates and enhances the enzymatic activity of phosphoglucomutase 1 (pgm)," SIGNOR-127135 CyclinD3/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C234 SIGNOR PKM protein P14618 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser37 MCRLDIDsPPITARN 9606 BTO:0000782 28607489 t lperfetto "Here, using human cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts in mice, we show that the cyclin D3–CDK6 kinase phosphorylates and inhibits the catalytic activity of two key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, 6-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase M2.|Phosphomimicking mutants of PFKP (S679E) or PKM2 (S37E) displayed decreased catalytic activity" SIGNOR-273032 DDB2 protein Q92466 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000567 9418871 t miannu "We show that ddb, a putative dna repair protein, associates with the activation domain of e2f1 / expression of ddb specifically stimulated e2f1-activated transcription" SIGNOR-54102 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT RNASEL protein Q05823 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15940267 f miannu "We propose that BRCA1 may be an upstream regulator of RNaseL, acting in concert with IFN-gamma to transcriptionally activate 2,5 OAS, leading to the downstream activation of RNaseL and apoptosis." SIGNOR-253762 CDK11B protein P21127 UNIPROT CyclinD3/CDK11B complex SIGNOR-C543 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 12082095 t lperfetto "We found that AR was phosphorylated at Ser-308 by cyclin D3/CDK11p58 in vitro and in vivo, leading to the repressed activity of AR transcriptional activation unit 1 (TAU1)." SIGNOR-273119 CyclinD3/CDK11A complex SIGNOR-C542 SIGNOR AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser310 TEDTAEYsPFKGGYT 9534 17698582 t "phosphorylation site remapping based on Fig 7D" lperfetto "We found that AR was phosphorylated at Ser-308 by cyclin D3/CDK11p58 in vitro and in vivo, leading to the repressed activity of AR transcriptional activation unit 1 (TAU1)." SIGNOR-273125 CACNA2D3 protein Q8IZS8 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 31746409 f miannu "Overexpression of CACNA2D3 reduced proliferation and migration, but increased apoptosis and Ca2+ influx in Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells." SIGNOR-266855 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser293 GSTKRRKsMSGASPK 9606 23708659 t lperfetto "Rsk promotes g2/m transition through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b rsk is likely to be more active in mitotic cells than in interphase cells, as evidenced by the phosphorylation status of t359/s363 in rsk. Together, these findings indicate that rsk promotes g2/m transition in mammalian cells through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b." SIGNOR-202113 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT KCNH2 protein Q12809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser890 RQRKRKLsFRRRTDK 9606 10488078 t lperfetto "Deletion of protein kinase a phosphorylation sites in the herg potassium channel inhibits activation shift by protein kinase afour consensus pka phosphorylation sites (s283a, s890a, t895a, s1137a)" SIGNOR-70726 CyclinD3/CDK11A complex SIGNOR-C542 SIGNOR PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser174 TPAVPPVsEDEDDDD 19520772 t lperfetto "CDK11p58 phosphorylation of PAK1 Ser174 promotes DLC2 binding and roles on cell cycle progression|We show that PAK1 is a substrate of CDK11p58 and can be strongly activated upon phosphorylation." SIGNOR-273124 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser129 QKRREILsRRPSYRK 10116 12162494 t "GSK-3 can phosphorylate CREB at S129 Transactivation of CREB is significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) by 86% for the S129A mutant" SIGNOR-251233 PPP3CB protein P16298 UNIPROT DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation Ser764 LQSASSHsPTPQRRP 10116 20496096 t "CaN is activated, targeting a set of proteins for dephosphorylation, including dynamin II |We have recently discovered that the ubiquitously expressed dynamin isoform, dynII, is phosphorylated at S764 specifically during mitosis (unpublished data). We now show that S764 is phosphorylated throughout mitosis and is dephosphorylated at the time of cytokinesis(dynII)." SIGNOR-248363 CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT Mast-Cell_diff phenotype SIGNOR-PH117 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000725 23990620 f "Notably, enforced overexpression of C/EBP-α in BMCPs results in exclusive differentiation into basophils, whereas conditional deletion of C/EBP-α in these same cells promotes mast cell differentiation,1 suggesting that C/EBP-α is an essential “switch factor” for basophil lineage choice" SIGNOR-259967 PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "prostaglandin E2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:606564 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16540375 t "Arachidonic acid is transformed into PGE2 via cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and terminal prostaglandin E synthases (PGES)" SIGNOR-255684 KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1054 FGLARDIyKDPDYVR 9606 BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 17658244 t gcesareni "Binding of vegf to the receptor induces dimerisation and autophosphorylation of specific intracellular tyrosine residues. Activation of intracellular cascades results in proliferation, migration, survival and increased permeability." SIGNOR-157081 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr678 RHIVRKRtLRRLLQE 10090 1860884 t lperfetto "These data indicate that activation of protein kinase C and subsequent phosphorylation of the EGF receptor at T654 lead to rapid physiological attenuation of EGF receptor signaling." SIGNOR-248858 GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000099 31626364 t miannu "GFAP is the major cytoskeletal element and scaffold of astrocytes In astrocytes, GFAP has close interaction with F-actin molecularly and functionally." SIGNOR-269271 MAP4K5 protein Q9Y4K4 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser9 SGRPRTTsFAESCKP 9606 BTO:0000776 16914735 t lperfetto "Gckr can phosphorylate an n-terminal recombinant fusion protein of gsk3_ and enhance the in vivo phosphorylation of gsk3_ on serine 9reduction of gckr expression inhibits wnt3a-induced phosphorylation of gsk3_ at serine 9 and decreases the accumulation of cytosolic _-catenin." SIGNOR-148908 "3',5'-cyclic AMP" smallmolecule CHEBI:17489 ChEBI PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 16293724 t gcesareni "Pge2 receptors are coupled to the G protein Gs, which causes accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and activates protein kinase a (PKA), we confirmed that PGE2 treatment or transfection of cells with the active catalytic subunit of PKA also stimulated the activity of a cAMP-responsive-element driven reporter gene (CRE-luc)." SIGNOR-141786 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT BORA protein Q6PGQ7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr501 QMDSGYNtQNCGSNI 9606 18521620 t gcesareni "Following cdk1-dependent recruitment, plk1 triggers hbora destruction by phosphorylating a recognition site for scf(beta-trcp)." SIGNOR-178807 BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT BMPR1A/1B/2 complex SIGNOR-C29 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001253 7673243 t lperfetto "We have isolated a cdna encoding a novel transmembrane serine/threonine kinase from human skin fibroblasts which we demonstrate here to be a type ii receptor that binds bmp-4. This receptor (brk-3) is distantly related to other known type ii receptors and is distinguished from them by an extremely long carboxyl-terminal sequence following the intracellular kinase domain." SIGNOR-217535 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f miannu "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions." SIGNOR-255972 PPP1CA protein P62136 UNIPROT SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 12684058 t miannu "Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 activate alpha-ENaC2 transcription through a GC-rich element (Sp1-binding site) in the promoter. Sp1 and Sp3 are essential for alpha-ENaC2 transcription in lung epithelial cells and that dephosphorylation of the Sp transcription factors by PP1 suppresses alpha-ENaC2 expression." SIGNOR-251952 RBBP6 protein Q7Z6E9 UNIPROT YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 18851979 t miannu "RBBP6 interacts with multifunctional protein YB-1 through its RING finger domain, leading to ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of YB-1" SIGNOR-271773 SMG1 protein Q96Q15 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser15 PSVEPPLsQETFSDL 9606 15175154 t gcesareni "Hsmg-1 is a stress-activated kinase that phosphorylates p53 and hupf1 in vitrothe observation that hsmg-1 exhibits p53 (ser-15) kinase activity in vitro suggested that this pikk might be involved in genotoxic stress-induced p53 phosphorylation and stabilization in intact cells." SIGNOR-125135 ITGB1BP1 protein O14713 UNIPROT "Av/b8 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C185 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257668 PRKAB1 protein Q9Y478 UNIPROT ULK1 protein O75385 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C15 21460634 t gcesareni "Ampk and ulk1 interact and that the latter is phosphorylated by ampk. This phosphorylation leads to the direct activation of ulk1 by ampk bypassing mtor-inhibition" SIGNOR-173044 HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257251 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT COL4A1 protein P02462 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000764 20846954 f Regulation miannu "We used diploid human lung fibroblasts (WI38 cells) induced by TGFβ to differentiate into myofibroblast-like cells. In order to characterize this system, we first studied the expression of the myofibroblast marker genes ACTA2 (coding for smooth muscle α-actin; SMA), COL4A1 (encoding collagen type IV α1) and SM22A (coding for smooth muscle protein 22-α). As shown in Figure 1A and B, TGFβ induced the expression all three genes." SIGNOR-251922 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT TELO2 protein Q9Y4R8 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser491 GSDSDLDsDDEFVPY 9606 23263282 t lperfetto "Here we report that tel2 and tti1 are targeted for degradation within mtorc1 by the scffbxo9 ubiquitin ligase to adjust mtor signalling to growth factor availability. This process is primed by ck2, which translocates to the cytoplasm to mediate mtorc1-specific phosphorylation of tel2/tti1. Here, we show that tel2 is constitutively phosphorylated on conserved serines 487 and 491 by casein kinase 2 (ck2)" SIGNOR-200206 "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR RAPSN protein Q13702 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000944 19158078 t miannu "We found that rapsyn was polyubiquitinated by KLHL8-containing E3 ligase, but not by KEAP1-containing E3 ligase, clearly indicating that rapsyn is a direct substrate of KLHL8-containing E3 ligase in mammals. We next examined the effect of KLHL-8 depletion on the ubiquitination of rapsyn by performing RNAi experiments in mammalian cells. We found that knockdown of KLHL8 in 3T3 cells reduced the level of rapsyn ubiquitination (Fig. 5C), again indicating that the maintenance mechanism for rapsyn stability is conserved in mammals.The in vitro ubiquitination of mammalian rapsyn by CUL3-containing E3 ligase and the effect of KLHL8 knockdown on the ubiquitination of rapsyn." SIGNOR-271782 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT CyclinE1/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C546 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 37104883 t lperfetto "Among them, CDK3 is critically important because it triggers the transitions of G0 to G1 and G1 to S phase through binding to cyclin C and cyclin E1, respectively." SIGNOR-273185 CCNE1 protein P24864 UNIPROT CyclinE1/CDK3 complex SIGNOR-C546 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 37104883 t lperfetto "Among them, CDK3 is critically important because it triggers the transitions of G0 to G1 and G1 to S phase through binding to cyclin C and cyclin E1, respectively." SIGNOR-273186 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 LHPPPQLsPFLQPHG 26202215 t lperfetto "CDK3 was shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer and phosphorylate ERα at Ser104/116 and Ser118. Furthermore, we found that Mir-873 inhibits ER activity and cell growth via targeting CDK3" SIGNOR-273187 "Host translation inhibitor nsp1" protein P0C6X7-PRO_0000037309 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 17715225 f miannu "SARS-CoV nsp1 inhibits virus-dependent activation of IRF3 and IRF7." SIGNOR-262503 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 26202215 t lperfetto "CDK3 was shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer and phosphorylate ERα at Ser104/116 and Ser118. Furthermore, we found that Mir-873 inhibits ER activity and cell growth via targeting CDK3" SIGNOR-273188 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser27 TASRPSSsRSYVTTS -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248879 "CHEVI complex" complex SIGNOR-C269 SIGNOR Platelet_aggregation phenotype SIGNOR-PH81 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27319744 f lperfetto "VPS33B association with VIPAS39, α-tubulin, and SEC22B was identified by co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectra, and immunoblotting in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. Also, pull-down experiments revealed that VIPAS39 bound to intact VPS33B; in contrast, α-tubulin and SEC22B separately interacted with the sec1-like domains of VPS33B. Vps33b deficiency in megakaryocytes disturbs the redistribution of Vipas39 and Sec22b to proplatelets, and interrupted the co-localization of Sec22b with Vwf-positive vesicles" SIGNOR-261833 CTNND1 protein O60716 UNIPROT VAV2 protein P52735 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22946057 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that p120-catenin participates in the stimulation of rac1 activity, binding directly to this protein. In addition we show that vav2 also binds to p120-catenin and is required for rac1 activation and for beta-catenin translocation to the nucleus.Vav2 And rac1 association with p120-catenin was modulated by phosphorylation of this protein, which was stimulated upon serine/threonine phosphorylation by ck1 and inhibited by tyrosine phosphorylation by src or fyn" SIGNOR-198941 S1PR2 protein O95136 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257401 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT EFNA1 protein P20827 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20154726 f miannu "we show that HIC1 is a direct transcriptional repressor of the gene encoding ephrin-A1, a cell surface ligand implicated in the pathogenesis of epithelial cancers." SIGNOR-254240 FBXW11 protein Q9UKB1 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 14988407 t gcesareni "We have identified scf(beta-trcp1), a ubiquitin (e3) ligase, as a critical determinant for the protein degradation of smad4 protein." SIGNOR-123060 STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT HSPA1B protein P0DMV9 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19754877 f miannu "Hsp105beta upregulates hsp70 gene expression through signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Hsp105beta induces Hsp70 expression markedly through the STAT3 pathway in heat-shocked cells. This may represent the mechanism that connects the heat shock protein and STAT families for cell defense against deleterious stress." SIGNOR-255241 DISC1 protein Q9NRI5 UNIPROT NDEL1 protein Q9GZM8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 17202468 t miannu "Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia. DISC1 is reported to interact with NudE-like (NUDEL), which forms a complex with lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) and 14-3-3ε. 14-3-3ε is involved in the proper localization of NUDEL and LIS1 in axons. the association with NUDEL and LIS1 supports the notion that DISC1 contributes to the neuronal development and morphology " SIGNOR-252162 arecoline chemical CHEBI:2814 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258641 KDM5B protein Q9UGL1 UNIPROT CBX4 protein O00257 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19336002 t miannu "Our results clearly showed that the PcG protein hPc2 interacted with the N-terminus of JARID1B both in vivo and in vitro. It is interesting that the C-terminus of hPc2 was essential for the interaction and transcriptional co-repression." SIGNOR-226447 GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000785 24737791 t milica "The signaling mechanism utilizes an adaptor protein, shc, which binds to a phosphotyrosine residue on the il-2/15r?, Resulting in activation of grb2 and onto akt via the shc-grb2-gab2-pi3k-akt signaling pathway to increase cell proliferation and/or survival" SIGNOR-204966 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1303 NKLRRQHsYDTFVDL -1 11306676 t lperfetto "These results indicate that PKC can directly phosphorylate S1303 and S1323 in the NR2B C terminus, leading to enhanced currents through NMDA receptor channels." SIGNOR-249083 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT CCNB1 protein P14635 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser126 PILVDTAsPSPMETS 9606 BTO:0000567 11242082 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cyclin b1 is central to its nuclear translocationduring cell-cycle progression in hela cells, a change in the kinase activity of endogenous plk1 toward s147 and/or s133 correlates with a kinase activity in the cell extractsa mutant cyclin b1 in which s133 and s147 are replaced by alanines remains in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type cyclin b1 accumulates in the nucleus during prophase.Together, these results suggest that phosphorylation of s133 and s147 is necessary for the nuclear translocation of cyclin b1 during prophase, and that phosphorylation of s126 and s128 may stimulate the nuclear translocation." SIGNOR-105707 GEMIN4 protein P57678 UNIPROT "SMN complex" complex SIGNOR-C158 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 12065586 t lperfetto "SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex that also contains Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and Gemin6. The SMN complex functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and probably other ribonucleoprotein particles. We have identified a novel protein component of the SMN complex termed Gemin7 using native purified SMN complexes and peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-253118 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR MYB protein P10242 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 8798443 t "inferred from 70% family members" llicata "Here we describe that human c-myb can be phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk's) at serine 532 of the carboxy (c-) terminal regulatory domain in vitro. expression of a constitutively active form of ras together with c-myb in transient transfection experiments had no effect on the transcriptional activity of c-myb, while expression of a polypeptide containing the c-myb c-terminal domain stimulated c-myb activity. This effect is reduced upon mapk-dependent phosphorylation of serine 532." SIGNOR-270089 FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr701 DGPKGTGyIKTELIS 9606 BTO:0000007 10918587 t "Activation of Stat1 and Stat3 by FGFR derivatives. Lysates of 293T cells transfected as indicated were analysed by Western blotting using Phospho-Stat1 (Y701) antisera (top) or Stat1 antisera (bottom). (b) The same lysates in (a) were re-examined for phosphorylated Stat3 by Western blotting with Phospho-Stat3 (Y705) (top). all three FGFR family members examined here are able to lead to Stat activation. Expression of the 'TDII-like' derivatives of FGFR1, FGFR3, and FGFR4, as well as myrR1-WT, led to phosphorylation of both Stat1 and Stat3." SIGNOR-251141 P2RY6 protein Q15077 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257277 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1232 SGHFTMRsPFKCDAC 10116 BTO:0000938 11675505 t llicata "Here, we demonstrate that cyclin dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) associates with and phosphorylates NR2A subunits at Ser-1232 in vitro and in intact cells. Moreover, we show that roscovitine, a selective Cdk5 inhibitor, blocks both long-term potentiation induction and NMDA-evoked currents in rat CA1 hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that Cdk5 plays a key role in synaptic transmission and plasticity through its up-regulation of NMDARs." SIGNOR-250666 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 20083114 t lperfetto "A recent study revealed that ampk can inhibit mtorc1 independently of tsc2 by phosphorylating raptor at ser863." SIGNOR-216422 NFYB protein P25208 UNIPROT PHGDH protein O43175 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18378410 f miannu "Positive regulation of promoter activity of human 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) gene is mediated by transcription factors Sp1 and NF-Y." SIGNOR-255210 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 12609872 t "inferred from family member" llicata "Direct phosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit of postsynaptic AMPA receptors by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII) is believed to be one of the major contributors to the enhanced strength of glutamatergic synapses in CA1 area of hippocampus during long-term potentiation. | Validity of the approach was confirmed by modeling, and silence analysis was applied then to the GluR1 AMPA receptor mutated at S831, the site phosphorylated by CaM-KII during long-term potentiation. Silence analysis indicates that a negative charge at S831 is a critical determinant for the enhanced channel function as a charge carrier. Silence and variance analyses, when applied to the same sets of data, were in agreement on the receptor regulation upon mutations." SIGNOR-270234 EZH2 protein Q15910 UNIPROT HOXB13 protein Q92826 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001033 22808286 f miannu "EZH2 recruited DNMT3b to HOXB13 promoter to form a repression complex." SIGNOR-254144 RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30500954 f irozzo "Notably, upregulation of c-KIT expression by FUBP1 and RUNX1 promotes cell proliferation and renders cells more resistant to the c-KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate, a common therapeutic drug." SIGNOR-259133 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADD2 protein P35612 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser713 KKKFRTPsFLKKSKK 9606 9679146 t gcesareni "Pkc phosphorylation of native and recombinant adducin inhibited actin capping measured using pyrene-actin polymerization and abolished activity of adducin in recruiting spectrin to ends and sides of actin filaments" SIGNOR-59299 CRP protein P02741 UNIPROT IL10 protein P22301 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0000801 16917108 f Regulation miannu "CRP significantly decreased IL-10 mRNA stability" SIGNOR-251824 DCAF1 protein Q9Y4B6 UNIPROT Cullin4-RBX1-DDB1 complex SIGNOR-C119 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18332868 t miannu "VprBP targets Merlin to the Roc1-Cul4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex for degradation. In this study, we provide evidence to show that Merlin is regulated in a Roc1-Cullin4A-DDB1-dependent manner. Following serum stimulation, Merlin is recruited to the E3 ligase complex through a direct interaction with the WD40-containing adaptor protein VprBP. Loading of Merlin to the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex resulted in its polyubiquitination, and consequently its proteasome-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-271675 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity." SIGNOR-183670 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR BNIP3L protein O60238 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267455 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 22931788 f "AMPK signaling" Gianni "Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcriptional protein family members, including FOXO1 and FOXO3, are involved in the modulation of autophagy. However, whether there is redundancy between FOXO1 and FOXO3 in the ability to induce autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we showed that FOXO3 induced a transcription-dependent autophagy, and FOXO1 was required for this process." SIGNOR-261952 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser77 PGPFATRsPLFIFMR 10090 12818176 t miannu "JNKs specifically phosphorylate BIMEL at Ser55, 65, and/or 73. several observations demonstrate that the phosphorylation of BIMEL is a physiologically important mechanism for enhancing its proapoptotic activity." SIGNOR-250131 FZD4 protein Q9ULV1 UNIPROT DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27096005 t areggio "Through study of FZD4 and its associated ligand Norrin, we report that a minimum of three residues distal to the KTXXXW motif in the C-terminal tail of Frizzled-4 are essential for DVL recruitment and robust Lef/Tcf-dependent transcriptional activation in response to Norrin." SIGNOR-258955 TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT SST protein P61278 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24463367 f lperfetto "While Top2a is essential in proliferating cells and has been linked to DNA replication and chromosome condensation/segregation, Top2b has been clearly indicated in regulating gene expression (e.g. Reln, Dab1, Catna2, Cdh13, Sst, Pbx3, and Epha7) during brain development" SIGNOR-242305 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 ANRPRKSsVNGSSAT 22505453 t lperfetto "the polycomb group silencing protein Bmi1 can be phosphorylated by AKT, which enhances its oncogenic potential in PCa. Overexpression of Bmi1 can act in combination with PTEN haploinsufficiency to induce invasive carcinogenic formation in the prostate" SIGNOR-249582 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 9606 18593906 t tpavlidou "Pim-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation of forkhead transcription factors, foxo1a and foxo3a, was involved in the transcriptional repression of the p27(kip1) gene." SIGNOR-252966 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT TRIM29 protein Q14134 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser550 GYPSLMRsQSPKAQP 9606 BTO:0000007 24469230 t done miannu "ATDC was phosphorylated directly by MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2) at Ser550 in an ATM-dependent manner. Phosphorylation at Ser-550 by MK2 was required for the radioprotective function of ATDC. " SIGNOR-273675 MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT PMEL protein P40967 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12819038 f miannu "The results of the present work demonstrate that the essential melanocyte-specific transcription factor MITF regulates expression of the genes encoding the melanoma tumor markers MLANA and SILV. MITF up- or down-regulation is seen to correspondingly modulate expression of MLANA and SILV in parallel directions, at both mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-254589 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser342 SKLTHSLsTSDITAI 9606 16163388 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of s342 and s367 in vivo require the chk2 kinase. Chk2 also stimulates mdmx ubiquitination and degradation by mdm2" SIGNOR-140417 bosutinib chemical CHEBI:39112 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190696 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT IMPDH2 protein P12268 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18677108 t miannu "Analysis of in vivo C-MYC interactions with TS, IMPDH2 and PRPS2 genes confirmed that they are direct C-MYC targets. C-MYC depletion did not significantly affect levels of E2F1 protein reported to regulate expression of many S-phase specific genes, but resulted in the repression of several genes encoding enzymes rate-limiting for dNTP metabolism. These included thymidylate synthase (TS), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 (PRPS2). C-MYC depletion also resulted in reduction in the amounts of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and inhibition of proliferation." SIGNOR-267375 ACSS2 protein Q9NR19 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57288 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271826 NADPH(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57783 ChEBI NADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58349 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15507492 t miannu "Human fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a complex homodimeric (552-kDa) enzyme that regulates the¬†de novo¬†biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the formation of 16 carbon (C16) palmitate, from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) in the presence of NADPH.¬†" SIGNOR-268088 DAPK3 protein O43293 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 PLSQETFsDLWKLLP 9606 BTO:0000776 17339337 t gcesareni "A cell-free ser(20) phosphorylation site assay was used to identify a broad range of calcium calmodulin kinase superfamily members, including chk2, chk1, dapk-1, dapk-3, drak-1, and ampk, as ser(20) kinases.Evaluation of these calcium calmodulin kinase superfamily members as candidate ser(20) kinases in vivo has shown that only chk1 or dapk-1 can stimulate p53 transactivation and induce ser(20) phosphorylation of p53." SIGNOR-153495 NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT MYH7 protein P12883 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 17111365 f Regulation miannu "Transient transfection assays demonstrated that the calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway is essential for MyHCbeta promoter activation during transformation of C2C12 myotubes but is not sufficient for complete fast MyHCIId/x promoter inhibition. Along with NFATc1, myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF-2D) and the myogenic transcription factor MyoD transactivated the MyHCbeta promoter in calcium-ionophore-treated myotubes in a calcineurin-dependent manner." SIGNOR-251956 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN9A protein Q15858 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253423 USF1 protein P22415 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 9677331 f "inferred from family member" miannu "Cotransfection of an expression plasmid encoding USF1 into HepG2 hepatoma cells resulted in the activation of the glucokinase promoter, dependent on the integrity of the P2 element" SIGNOR-267797 IC-87114 chemical CHEBI:90686 ChEBI PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206193 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF212 protein Q495C1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271160 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "We find that two molecules interact with mammalian smo in an activation-dependent manner: g protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (grk2) leads to phosphorylation of smo, and beta-arrestin 2 fused to green fluorescent protein interacts with smo. Ck1a, grk2, and another still-unidentified protein kinase phosphorylate the c-tail of mammalian smo in the presence of hh proteins" SIGNOR-199104 SF3B4 protein Q15427 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270666 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 16291744 t gcesareni "We show that coexpression of wild-type alpha-actinin and ptp 1b causes dephosphorylation at tyr-397 in fak." SIGNOR-141637 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser139 LNSPGPLsPSGMKGT 9606 BTO:0000887 15719023 t lperfetto "Here we show that p38 mapk, whose activity is essential for myogenesis, regulates myod/e47 heterodimerization. Phosphorylation of e47 at ser140 by p38 induces myod/e47 association and activation of muscle-specific transcription" SIGNOR-134194 TOP2B protein Q02880 UNIPROT RELN protein P78509 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24463367 f lperfetto "While Top2a is essential in proliferating cells and has been linked to DNA replication and chromosome condensation/segregation, Top2b has been clearly indicated in regulating gene expression (e.g. Reln, Dab1, Catna2, Cdh13, Sst, Pbx3, and Epha7) during brain development" SIGNOR-242207 CDKL5 protein O76039 UNIPROT MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation -1 16935860 t Luana "Phosphorylation assays performed with the wild-type protein confirm its capability to mediate the modification of MeCP2 in vitro, whereas Rett missense mutations within the conserved catalytic domain abrogate or significantly impair the enzymatic activity" SIGNOR-264702 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT MPL protein P40238 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15466856 f miannu "Both Fli-1 and GATA-1 are required for formation of an active transcriptional complex on the C-MPL and GPIX promoters in vivo." SIGNOR-254162 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT7A protein O00755 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242710 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f "inferred from family member" scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5’-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells grown in TSH-containing medium. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-g but not TGF-b." SIGNOR-267811 UCHL3 protein P15374 UNIPROT RPS27A protein P62979 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270828 ARID1A protein O14497 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C483 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "We have also found that, of the two human SWI/2/SNF2 family-related ATPases, the PBAF complex contains only BRG1 but not hbrm (Xue et al., submitted). In contrast, the BAF complex isolated by BAF250 can include either BRG1 or hbrm (Fig. ​(Fig.4b).4b). These data underscore the distinctness of the two human complexes and suggest that BAF250 is a signature subunit that may confer specificity to the BAF complex." SIGNOR-270729 ADGRG1 protein Q9Y653 UNIPROT GNA12 protein Q03113 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 31515243 t lperfetto "Binding of collagen III to ADGRG1 provides a canonical example of adhesion GPCR interactions with ECM proteins (Luo et al., 2011). Identified by an in vitro biotinylation/proteomics approach, extracellular interactions with collagen III were subsequently proven capable of activating ADGRG1-mediated signaling via Gα12/13 followed by RhoA activation to regulate corticogenesis" SIGNOR-272344 SYCE3 protein A1L190 UNIPROT Synaptonemal_complex complex SIGNOR-C351 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22394509 t miannu "The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure of chromosome bivalents whose assembly is indispensable for the successful progression of the first meiotic division of sexually reproducing organisms. four proteins were identified that locate specifically to the CE: SYCE1, SYCE2, SYCE3 and TEX12. These three proteins (SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3) are essential for synapsis initiation, as no CE-structures are formed in the absence of any of these proteins. The final step, i.e. synapsis extension over the entire length of the homologs, requires loading of both SYCE2 and TEX12. In their absence, short pieces of CE-like structures composed of SYCP1, SYCE1 and SYCE3 are formed that, however, cannot mature to a SC central region." SIGNOR-264202 REL protein Q04864 UNIPROT REL/RELA complex SIGNOR-C68 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000671 9056676 t miannu "Tnf-alpha induces the formation of a specific kappab binding complex, mainly composed of nf-kappab subunits rela and c-rel." SIGNOR-46945 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150 22802261 t gcesareni "Erk also undergoes rapid translocation into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and activates a variety of transcription factor targets, including sp1, e2f, elk-1, and ap1" SIGNOR-198292 CAD protein P27708 UNIPROT N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:32814 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28552578 t miannu "CAD is a 243 kDa polypeptide formed by the fusion of four enzymatic domains that initiate the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides . The first two domains, glutaminase (GLN) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-II), initiate the pathway, catalyzing the formation of carbamoyl phosphate (CP) from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two ATP molecules. Next, the labile CP is partially channeled to the C-terminal aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) domain where it reacts with aspartate to form carbamoyl aspartate. Then, carbamoyl aspartate is condensated to dihydroorotate, the cyclic precursor of the pyrimidine ring, by the dihydroorotase (DHO), a Zn metalloenzyme fused between CPS and ATC domains." SIGNOR-267427 RAD51AP1 protein Q96B01 UNIPROT DNA_repair phenotype SIGNOR-PH57 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 17996711 f miannu "Homologous recombination (HR) repairs chromosome damage and is indispensable for tumor suppression in humans. RAD51 mediates the DNA strand-pairing step in HR. RAD51 associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) is a RAD51-interacting protein whose function has remained elusive. Biochemical and cytological results show that RAD51AP1 functions at a step subsequent to the assembly of the RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament. Purified RAD51AP1 binds both dsDNA and a D loop structure and, only when able to interact with RAD51, greatly stimulates the RAD51-mediated D loop reaction." SIGNOR-261961 PKC proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF53 SIGNOR ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser671 RKRSTRRsVRGSQAQ 9606 BTO:0000007 24333728 t "Protein phosphatase complex PP5/PPP2R3C dephosphorylates P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and down-regulates the expression and function|P-gp is known to be phosphorylated at Ser667, Ser671, and Ser683 by PKA; at Ser661, Ser667, and Ser671 by PKC; and at Ser683 by Pim-1|simultaneous expression of PP5 and PPP2R3C reduced the phosphorylation detected by the antibodies that specifically recognize serine/threonine phosphorylated by PKA or serine phosphorylated by PKC. These results suggest that the PP5/PPP2R3C complex dephosphorylates PKA- and PKC-phosphorylated serine residues on P-gp" SIGNOR-272514 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT HSD11B2 protein P80365 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15659537 f miannu "Overexpression of p50 inhibited HSD11B2 promoter activity and overexpression of Egr-1 inhibited transactivation of the HSD11B2 promoter by p65/p50." SIGNOR-253876 "Orexin A" smallmolecule CHEBI:80319 ChEBI HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257510 PEX14 protein O75381 UNIPROT PEX7 protein O00628 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 15798189 t miannu "The peroxisomal docking complex is a key component of the import machinery for matrix proteins. The core protein of this complex, Pex14, is thought to represent the initial docking site for the import receptors Pex5 and Pex7." SIGNOR-253028 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser473 PPSGTKKsKRGRGRP 9606 12529391 t llicata "Pkc-mediated phosphorylation at s486 does not affect s6k activity but eliminates the function of its nuclear localization signal and causes retention of an activated form of the kinase in the cytoplasm." SIGNOR-97279 TBR1 protein Q16650 UNIPROT FOXP2 protein O15409 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 25232744 t miannu "We show that TBR1 homodimerizes, that it interacts with FOXP2, a transcription factor implicated in speech/language disorders, and that this interaction is disrupted by pathogenic mutations affecting either protein." SIGNOR-266831 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0001044 16690079 t miannu "S100 proteins comprise the largest family of calcium-binding proteins. Members of this family usually form homo- or heterodimers, which may associate to higher-order oligomers in a calcium-dependent manner. The heterodimers of S100A8 and S100A9 represent the major calcium-binding proteins in phagocytes. Both proteins regulate migration of these cells via modulation of tubulin polymerization." SIGNOR-261934 BMP2 protein P12643 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 12589053 f fspada "Specific inhibitors for p38 kinase inhibited bmp2-induced adipocytic differentiation and transcriptional activation of ppargamma, whereas overexpression of smad6 had no effect on transcriptional activity of ppargamma." SIGNOR-98369 G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266571 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT SH2D2A protein Q9NP31 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr290 PDEPIAFyAMGRGSP 9606 BTO:0000782 18541536 t miannu "Here we mapped Lck phosphorylation and interaction sites on TSAd and evaluated their functional importance. The three C-terminal TSAd tyrosines Tyr(280), Tyr(290), and Tyr(305) were phosphorylated by Lck and functioned as docking sites for the Lck Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. Lck binds to TSAd prolines and phosphorylates and interacts with the three C-terminal TSAd tyrosines. We propose that through multivalent interactions with Lck, TSAd diverts Lck from phosphorylating other substrates, thus modulating its functional activity through substrate competition." SIGNOR-262889 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT NR1D1 protein P20393 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 17476214 t miannu "Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α integrates the mammalian clock and energy metabolism. Here we show that PGC-1alpha (Ppargc1a), a transcriptional coactivator that regulates energy metabolism, is rhythmically expressed in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice. PGC-1alpha stimulates the expression of clock genes, notably Bmal1 (Arntl) and Rev-erbalpha (Nr1d1), through coactivation of the ROR family of orphan nuclear receptors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays in HepG2 cells indicate that PGC-1α is present near RORE on the proximal Bmal1 promoter.These results indicate that PGC-1α activates Bmal1 transcription by altering the local chromatin environment from a repressive to an active state." SIGNOR-268030 MAP3K7 protein O43318 UNIPROT PTPN3 protein P26045 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser359 PAMRRSLsVEHLETK 9606 9341175 t gcesareni "Mutation of ser359 and ser853 to alanine significantly reduced the association between 14-3-3beta and ptph1. Furthermore, association of ptph1 and 14-3-3beta was detected in several cell lines and was regulated in response to extracellular signals" SIGNOR-52781 HRAS protein P01112 UNIPROT PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21779497 t gcesareni "Grb2 binds and activates sos, which then activates ras, and this activates p110 independently of p85. it was also described that ras interacts with pi3k in a direct manner. lysine residue 227 is essential for the interaction of ras with pi3k" SIGNOR-175192 ACD protein Q96AP0 UNIPROT RPA2 protein P15927 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding SIGNOR-C306 18680434 t lperfetto "The current model for how telomeres repress ATR signaling proposes that POT1/TPP1 prevents the binding of RPA to the single-stranded telomeric DNA" SIGNOR-263327 PDK3 protein Q15120 UNIPROT PDHA1 protein P08559 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 TYRYHGHsMSDPGVS -1 11485553 t lperfetto "Here we report that the four isoenzymes of protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdk1, pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4) differ in their abilities to phosphorylate the enzyme. Pdk1 can phosphorylate all three sites (s232, s293, s300), whereas pdk2, pdk3 and pdk4 each phosphorylate only s232 and s293." SIGNOR-109609 RPL35 protein P42766 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262466 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT HDAC7 protein Q8WUI4 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser181 NPLLRKEsAPPSLRR -1 15738054 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that protein kinase D (PKD; also known as PKCmi), which is activated upon engagement of the TCR, stimulates HDAC7 nuclear export by direct phosphorylation on four serine residues. Conversely, selective PKD inhibition blocks TCR-induced HDAC7 nuclear export and Nur77 expression. In addition, an HDAC7 mutant specifically deficient in phosphorylation by PKD blocks TCR-mediated apoptosis. | PKD1 phosphorylates S155, S181, S321, and S449 of HDAC7 in vitro." SIGNOR-249273 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser549 VWRQRYQsHPDAAVQ 9606 35318320 t miannu "Here we report that ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta 1 (S6K1), a member of AGC kinases and downstream target of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), directly phosphorylates PDK1 at its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and impairs PDK1 interaction with and activation of AKT." SIGNOR-273844 CHD2 protein O14647 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 29962935 t miannu "CHD2 also showed an interaction with MyoD, a master regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation, and together MyoD and CHD2 bind to myogenic gene promoters." SIGNOR-264525 UNII-XH2662798I chemical CID:16156006 PUBCHEM H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 20068082 f gcesareni "Pf-00477736 also significantly enhances docetaxel efficacy in vitro and in vivo, in association with decreased cdc25c cytoplasmic phosphorylation (ser216) and histone h3 phosphorylation (ser10)(42)." SIGNOR-163130 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr372 STRIRQNtRDHPSTA 9606 BTO:0000671 10908300 t gcesareni "The decrease in mu-opioid receptor activity after chronic agonist exposure (1 microm [d-ala(2),n-mephe(4),gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin) is largely due to kinase-mediated phosphorylation of intracellular receptor domains. We have recently shown that the substitution of two putative ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii (camk ii) phosphorylation sites, s261 and s266, by alanines in the third intracellular loop of the rat mu-opioid receptor (rmor1) confers resistance to camk ii-induced receptor desensitization." SIGNOR-79686 TOPBP1 protein Q92547 UNIPROT ATRIP protein Q8WXE1 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Topbp1 directly activates atr/atrip and promotes atr-mediated chk1 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-163214 ZNF217 protein O75362 UNIPROT "CoREST-HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C105 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 11171972 t miannu "Here we describe the components of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that we term the CoREST-HDAC complex. CoREST Is a Component of an HDAC1/2 Complex. p40 is a Sox-like protein, p110b contains homology to polyamine oxidases, p110a is ZNF217, an eight-zinc finger protein, and p80 is a hypothetical protein of unknown function." SIGNOR-222118 PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT PTPRA protein P18433 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr798 YIDAFSDyANFK 9606 7518772 t "Transient overexpression of c-Src together with RPTP alpha in human embryonic kidney 293 cells increased phosphorylation of Tyr789, suggesting that c-Src may phosphorylate RPTP alpha in vivo. RPTP alpha had autodephosphorylation activity in vitro. When expressed in 293 cells the level of Tyr789 phosphorylation was higher in a non-functional mutant of RPTP alpha than in wild type RPTP alpha, indicating that RPTP alpha may have autodephosphorylation activity in vivo as well.|We show that RPTP alpha, but not a mutant of RPTP alpha with a Tyr-->Phe mutation at position 789, bound to GRB2 in vitro." SIGNOR-248439 MPG protein P29372 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 25207814 t miannu "Here we report that MID1 catalyzes the in vitro ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) in the absence of alpha4. In the presence of alpha4, the level of PP2Ac ubiquitination is reduced.The high molecular weight smear pattern was not as obvious, suggesting that domains within the C-terminal half of MID1 may contribute to the polyubiquitination of PP2Ac." SIGNOR-271930 UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257377 RPL28 protein P46779 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262472 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT NEDD1 protein Q8NHV4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser405 FDDTGKSsLGDMFSP 9606 BTO:0001938 31028180 t lperfetto "Microtubule nucleation during central spindle assembly requires NEDD1 phosphorylation on serine 405 by Aurora A| In the absence of Aurora A, the HURP (also known as DLGAP5) and NEDD1 proteins that are involved in nucleation of microtubules fail to concentrate in the midzone." SIGNOR-272965 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr23 EMRERLGtGGFGNVC 9606 SIGNOR-C14 19609947 t lperfetto "Although there are likely to be multiple levels of crosstalk between the pi3k-akt and nf-kb pathways, one mechanism has been attributed to direct phosphorylation of the amino acid residue t23 on ikb kinase alfa (ikkalfa) by akt, thereby leading to activation of this kinase upstream of nf-kb akt mediates ikkalpha phosphorylation at threonine 23 akt transiently associates in vivo with ikk and induces ikk activation. Akt mediates ikkalfa phosphorylation at threonine 23.Akt phosphorylates ikkalpha on t23, and this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of p65 at s534 by ikkalpha and beta" SIGNOR-244210 motesanib chemical CHEBI:51098 ChEBI FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258252 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser2481 TVPESIHsFIGDGLV 10090 BTO:0000944 SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR-C2 20022946 t lperfetto "We have found that in HEK293 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, insulin promotes both raptor- and rictor-associated mTOR Ser(P)-2481 in a wortmannin-sensitive manner. Thus, insulin signals via PI3K to promote both mTORC1- and mTORC2-associated mTOR Ser-2481 autophosphorylation." SIGNOR-235427 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT DNAH11 protein Q96DT5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266931 Macrophage_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH126 SIGNOR ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung induces an uncontrolled generalized immune response. Several immune cells (like T-lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) sustain the impressive secretion of cytokines and chemokines ultimately leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm." SIGNOR-261021 MN1 protein Q10571 UNIPROT MYBBP1A protein Q9BQG0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12569362 t irozzo "Taken together, our results indicate that MN1 is a transcription coactivator rather than a sequence-specific transcription factor, and that it may stimulate RAR/RXR-mediated transcription through interaction with p160 and p300." SIGNOR-256021 CAV1 protein Q03135 UNIPROT SLC1A6 protein P48664 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 26690923 t miannu "EAAT3 has previously been shown to form complexes with caveolin-1, a major component of caveolae, which participate in the regulation of transport proteins. The present study explored the impact of caveolin-1 on electrogenic transport by excitatory amino acid transporter isoforms EAAT1-4. caveolin-1 is a powerful negative regulator of the excitatory glutamate transporters EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, and EAAT4. Caveolin-1 has been shown to form complexes with the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3 (EAAC1) (Gonzalez et al. 2007) and may thus modify the EAAT isoforms by direct interaction with the carriers." SIGNOR-264810 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser206 SSSTYPHsPTSSDPG 9606 19914161 t lpetrilli "Phosphorylation of the linker region of smads mediated by erk2, gsk3?, And cdk2/4 negatively regulates smad activity by preventing their relocation to the nucleus, by inhibiting their interactions with coactivators, or by accelerating their degradation;in contrast, erk2 phosphorylated all four smad1 residues almost evenly, while showing a preference for s204 over s208 and s213 in smad3" SIGNOR-161601 "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR tRNA(Trp) smallmolecule CHEBI:29181 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 27911719 t lperfetto "RNAPIII is specialized for transcription of short, abundant nonprotein-coding RNA transcripts. In addition to all tRNAs, RNAPIII transcribes the 5S rRNA and other essential RNAs, including the U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the snR52 small nucleolar RNA and the RNA components of the signal recognition particle (SRP1) and RNase P (RPR1)" SIGNOR-269498 FGF11 protein Q92914 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253414 D-glucitol smallmolecule CHEBI:17924 ChEBI HNRNPA1 protein P09651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000312 33172210 f "We found that osmotic stress robustly induced nuclear loss of TDP-43, SPFQ, FUS, hnRNPA1 and hnRNPK, with characteristic changes in nucleocytoplasmic localisation in an RBP-dependent manne" SIGNOR-262814 FGD1 protein P98174 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260551 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR PLEC protein Q15149 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr4539 GGLIEPDtPGRVPLD 9606 BTO:0000567 19709076 t lperfetto "Identification of plectin as a substrate of p34cdc2 kinase and mapping of a single phosphorylation site. threonine 4542 was identified as the major target for the kinase. Phosphorylation of plectin by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin b (cdk1/cycb) kinase has been reported to abolish its cross-linking function during mitosis. Here, we induced phosphorylation of plectin in prepared fractions of hela cells by adding activated cdk1/cycb kinase. Consequently, there was significant dissociation of the centrosome from the nuclear membrane." SIGNOR-216904 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" dephosphorylation Tyr42 DSMKDEEyEQMVKEL 9606 BTO:0000007 11106428 t "Identification of IkappaBalpha as a substrate of Fas-associated phosphatase-1|A full-length FAP-1 protein preferentially dephosphorylates Tyr-42 of IkBa|Moreover, other studies have shown that tyrosine phosphorylation of IkBa on Tyr-42 (which occurs with Fas ligand binging) protected against inducible degradation both in vitro [30] and in vivo [38]" SIGNOR-248712 irinotecan chemical CHEBI:80630 ChEBI TOP1 protein P11387 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 15170677 t miannu "Irinotecan (7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]-carbonyloxycamptothecin; CPT-11) is a widely used potent antitumor drug that inhibits mammalian DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I)" SIGNOR-259316 FBXL5 protein Q9UKA1 UNIPROT "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 25249620 t miannu "Here, we report that hSSB1 is the bona fide substrate for an Fbxl5-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase. Fbxl5 interacts with and targets hSSB1 for ubiquitination and degradation, which could be prevented by ATM-mediated hSSB1 T117 phosphorylation. " SIGNOR-272461 KLF4 protein O43474 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001260 21673106 t gcesareni "Klf4 antagonizes contractile gene expression through diverse mechanisms including (i) inhibiting the binding of srf-myocd or srf-mrtfs to the carg box by direct association with srf." SIGNOR-174258 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 16282323 t gcesareni "Cytokine stimulation promotes bim(el) binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Akt could directly phosphorylate a gst-bim(el) fusion protein and identified the akt phosphorylation site in the bim(el) domain as ser(87). we propose that ser87 of bimel is an important regulatory site that is targeted byakt to attenuate thepro-apoptotic function of bim el, thereby promoting cell survival." SIGNOR-141577 PTPN22 protein Q9Y2R2 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr493 LGADDSYyTARSAGK 9606 16461343 t "In vitro experiments with purified recombinant proteins demonstrated that PTPN22-D195A/C227S interacted directly with activated Lck, Zap70, and TCRzeta, confirming the initial substrate trap results. Native PTPN22 dephosphorylated Lck and Zap70 at their activating tyrosine residues Tyr-394 and Tyr-493, respectively, but not at the regulatory tyrosines Tyr-505 (Lck) or Tyr-319 (Zap70). Native PTPN22 also dephosphorylated TCRzeta in vitro and in cells, and its substrate trap variant co-immunoprecipitated with TCRzeta when both were coexpressed in 293T cells, establishing TCRzeta as a direct substrate of PTPN22." SIGNOR-248838 FZD5 protein Q13467 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 10937998 f fspada "Wnt signaling maintains preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state through inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (ppargamma)" SIGNOR-80610 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT EWSR1 protein Q01844 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr79 QPPTGYTtPTAPQAY 9606 19076070 t lperfetto "Here we report that ews and ews-fli1 become phosphorylated at thr79 in the n-terminal domain in response to mitogens or dna damage. Mitogen-induced phosphorylation of ews and ews-fli1 was weak and catalysed by erk1 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1) and erk2." SIGNOR-182782 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR CDCA7 protein Q9BWT1 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr163 SRRPRRRtFPGVASR 9606 23166294 t llicata "The prosurvival kinase akt phosphorylates cdca7 at threonine 163, promoting binding to 14-3-3, dissociation from myc, and sequestration to the cytoplasm. we have mapped the domains of interaction and have discovered that akt phosphorylates cdca7 near this contact region, leading to loss of its association with myc, binding to 14-3-3 proteins, and exclusion from the nucleus." SIGNOR-199776 NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR PIN1 protein Q13526 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000150 19151708 f lperfetto "Previously, we have shown that commitment of the C2C12 cells to the osteoblastic lineage occurs around 24h after BMP treatment, when the osteoblast specific transcription factor Cbfa1 and the novel osteoblast related genes Tcf7 and Hey1 become regulated" SIGNOR-254342 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR RNF11 protein Q9Y3C5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Thr135 DWLMRSFtCPSCMEP 9606 BTO:0003474 16123141 t gcesareni "Upon inhibition of the AKT pathway or mutation of T135, the phosphorylation at one of these sites is virtually eliminated, suggesting that AKT may phosphorylate RNF11 at T135. Moreover, RNF11 is phosphorylated by AKT in vitro and is recognized by phospho-AKT substrate antibodies. RNF11 shows enhanced binding to 14-3-3 in WM239 cells compared with that seen in the parental WM35 cells which have low AKT activity" SIGNOR-248085 MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT C4A protein P0C0L4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg679 EKTTRKKrNVNFQKA -1 17204478 t lperfetto "MASP-2 cleaves C4 releasing C4a and generating C4b, which attaches covalently to the pathogen surface upon exposure of its reactive thioester. C2 binds to C4b and is also cleaved by MASP-2 to form the C3 convertase (C4b2a)." SIGNOR-263431 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1141 SKKTFASyMPQFQTC 9606 BTO:0000007 11018044 t miannu "LRb signaling is initiated by leptin binding to the extracellular domain of the LRb dimer, leading to Jak2 transphosphorylation and activation. Activated Jak2 mediates the tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyr985 and Tyr1138of LRb. These phosphotyrosine residues immediately function as binding sites (double-ended lines) for SHP-2 and STAT3, both of which quickly become tyrosine-phosphorylated by Jak2." SIGNOR-263494 "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR EPS15 protein P42566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000142 15496985 t Giorgia "Some of the more minor interactors are very strongly enriched (AAK, auxilin, Dab2, eps15, epsin1 and synaptojanin170). All these enriched proteins have multiple copies of short alpha‐appendage interaction motifs" SIGNOR-260394 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT ATP7B protein P35670 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1121 AHSERPLsAPASHLN 9606 BTO:0000599 21189263 t lperfetto "ATP7B trafficking was markedly reduced by the Ser-478/481/1121/1453 to Ala mutation. We conclude that PKD plays a key role in copper-dependent serine phosphorylation, permitting high levels of ATP7B protein expression and trafficking." SIGNOR-272295 CDH15 protein P55291 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 21255999 t miannu "At its C-terminus, cadherin interacts with β-catenin, which dynamically associates with α-catenin, a direct binding partner of filamentous actin" SIGNOR-265854 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT IL6ST protein P40189 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr909 PKSYLPQtVRQGGYM -1 12361954 t lperfetto "Finally, we identified Thr-890, a putative PKC phosphorylation site on gp130, to be critical for the effect of PKCdelta. Our data indicate that PKCdelta plays important regulatory roles in IL-6 signaling." SIGNOR-249177 PRL protein P01236 UNIPROT KRT19 protein P08727 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000667 20103718 f Regulation miannu "PRL up-regulated expression of keratins K5 and K14 and the epithelial stem cell-associated keratins K15 and K19 in organ-cultured HFs and/or isolated HF keratinocytes." SIGNOR-251905 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser1354 DFVPSDAsPPKTKTS 9606 BTO:0000567 7635160 t llicata "We show that many of the sites phosphorylated on topoisomerase iia in vivo correspond to sites phosphorylated in vitro by both p3pdcz and mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase. we have also shown that phosphorylation of ser1353 and ser1360 yields different phosphopeptide maps depending upon whether one or both of these sites are phosphorylated." SIGNOR-30248 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT Thrombin-Thrombomodulin complex SIGNOR-C316 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Thrombin also activates the negative regulators of the cascade, after complexing with thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), to activate protein C (PC) to activated PC (APC)." SIGNOR-263549 mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr70 RNSPVTKtPPRDLPT 9606 12747827 t lperfetto "Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in response to insulin, egf and pdgf. Phosphorylation at thr-37, thr-46, ser-65 and thr-70, corresponding to the hyperphosphorylated form, is regulated by mtorc1 and abolishes binding to eif4e." SIGNOR-235964 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT PPAT protein Q06203 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003291 18628958 t miannu "PPAT, catalyzing the first step of purine synthesis, and DHODH, an enzyme generating uridine in the middle of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, were validated as direct c-MYC target genes by all criteria." SIGNOR-267381 NCS1 protein P62166 UNIPROT GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000938 12351722 t miannu "Here we show that the neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) can mediate desensitization of D2 dopamine receptors. Analysis of D2 receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells indicates that NCS-1 attenuates agonist-induced receptor internalization via a mechanism that involves a reduction in D2 receptor phosphorylation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments from striatal neurons reveal that NCS-1 is found in association with both the D2 receptor and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, a regulator of D2 receptor desensitization." SIGNOR-263965 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 23136067 t miannu "SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 (RING box protein 2), ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), or RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), was originally cloned in our laboratory as a redox inducible antioxidant protein and later characterized as the second member of the RBX/ROC RING component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL-F-box Proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligase.  by forming a complex with other components of the SCF E3 ligase, SAG promotes ubiquitination and degradation of a number of protein substrates, including c-JUN, DEPTOR, HIF-1α, IκBα, NF1, NOXA, p27, and procaspase-3, thus regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes." SIGNOR-271452 ZBTB20 protein Q9HC78 UNIPROT NFKBIA protein P25963 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 23776228 t miannu "ChIP and next generation high-throughput DNA sequencing assay showed that ZBTB20 specifically bound to IκBα gene promoter (+1 to +60 region) after TLR activation. ZBTB20 could inhibit IκBα gene transcription, govern IκBα protein expression, and then promote NF-κB activation. Therefore, transcriptional repressor ZBTB20 is needed to promote full activation of TLR signaling and TLR-triggered innate immune response by selectively suppressing the suppressor IκBα gene transcription." SIGNOR-266868 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 22085529 t miannu "Both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and phosphatidylinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways regulate activation of E-twenty-six (ETS)-like transcription factor 1 (Elk-1) in U138 glioblastoma cells. The phosphatidylinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was also involved in the Elk-1 activation. Activation of the Elk-1 led to an increased survival and a proliferative response with the EGF stimulation in the U138 glioblastoma cells." SIGNOR-259029 TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT RIF1 protein Q5UIP0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 23333305 t miannu "RIF1 is recruited to DSBs via the N-terminal phospho-SQ/TQ domain of 53BP1, and DSBs generated by ionizing radiation or during CSR are hyperresected in the absence of RIF1. Thus, RIF1 and 53BP1 cooperate to block DSB resection to promote NHEJ in G1, which is antagonized by BRCA1 in S phase to ensure a switch of DSB repair mode to homologous recombination." SIGNOR-259058 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT CCNL2 protein Q96S94 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser369 AKKAKADsPVNGLPK 9534 BTO:0000298 14623875 t llicata "DYRK1A interacted with cyclin L2 in pull-down assays, and overexpression of DYRK1A stimulated phosphorylation of cyclin L2 in COS-7 cells. | Three phosphoserines were identified in the slower migrating bands (Fig. 9; Ser-330, Ser-338, and Ser-369). All of these serine residues are located N-terminal of proline residues, consistent with our previous classification of DYRK1A as a “proline-directed” kinase." SIGNOR-251089 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT GSTA1 protein P08263 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22459801 f miannu "Different expression pattern of Nrf2 regulated genes in end-stage liver disease samples were observed: glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC) and glutathione-S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) were significantly down-regulated in most liver disease groups, whereas heme oxidase 1 (HMOX1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) were not significantly suppressed." SIGNOR-254644 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT HSP90AA1 protein P07900 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr115 GTIAKSGtKAFMEAL 9606 24117238 t lperfetto "Threonine residue set, thr(115)/thr(425)/thr(603), of hsp90_ is specifically phosphorylated by pkc_phosphorylation of hsp90_ by pkc_ decreases the binding affinity of hsp90_ towards atp and co-chaperones such as cdc37 (cell-division cycle 37), thereby decreasing its chaperone activity." SIGNOR-202812 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser240 RRVSGNNsPSLSNGG 9606 BTO:0000007 16446428 t gcesareni "Itch undergoes JNK1-mediated phosphorylation that greatly enhances its enzymatic activity. To investigate how phosphorylation activates an E3 Ub ligase we have identified the JNK1 phosphorylation sites within Itch as S199, S232, and T222" SIGNOR-245323 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser204 NHSMDAGsPNLSPNP -1 15241418 t llicata "Thus, we have shown that Smad3 is phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2. Mutation of its CDK phosphorylation sites increases its transcriptional activity and antiproliferative function. | Thr 8 and the four sites in the linker (Thr 178, Ser 203, Ser 207 and Ser 212). Each of the five sites was phosphorylated by both CDK4 and CDK2 in vitro, and only Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 were phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2 in vivo phosphorylated by both CDK4 and CDK2 in vitro, and only Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 were phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2 in vivo." SIGNOR-250766 TALDO1 protein P37837 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 19401148 t miannu "Transaldolase (TAL, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone transferase; EC number 2.2.1.2) is a cofactor-less enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig. 1A and B). It catalyzes the reversible transfer of a three carbon unit (‚Äúdihydroxyacetone‚Äù) between various sugar phosphates (from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in length). Physiological donor compounds are ketose sugar phosphates as fructose 6-phosphate or sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Acceptor compounds are aldose sugar phosphates as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate." SIGNOR-267091 CTSD protein P07339 UNIPROT APP protein P05067 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Phe634 VHHQKLVfFAEDVGS -1 8943232 t lperfetto "FIG. 4. Schematic representation of the major cathepsin D cleavage sites in FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and in bAPP100-FLAG. The amino acid sequences for the FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF and bAPP100-FLAG substrates are shown. Large arrows denote major cleavage sites. Unique cathepsin D cleavage sites in urea-denatured FLAG-bAPP156-bFGF are labeled (U). Small arrowheads denote minor bAPP100-FLAG cleavage sites determined by mass spectral analysis.|Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro, cathepsin D is unlikely to function as gamma-secretase; however, the ability of this enzyme to efficiently cleave betaAPP substrates at nonamyloidogenic sites within the molecule may reflect a role in betaAPP catabolism." SIGNOR-261770 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser273 AGTRRREsLGKKAKR 9677319 t llicata "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. By deletion and point mutation analysis we show that phosphorylation by CaMKII and PKA occurs on a single serine residue at position 273" SIGNOR-250703 ELANE protein P08246 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val58 KGVTVETvFSVDEFS -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263591 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT ARHGAP24 protein Q8N264 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser415 HKLDVSRsPPLMVKK 9606 16862148 t lperfetto "ROCK phosphorylates FilGAP, and this phosphorylation stimulates its RacGAP activity and is a requirement for FilGAP-mediated bleb formation. | As shown in Fig. 5b, ROCK stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into FilGAP. We identified seven potential phosphorylation sites in FilGAP that was isolated by preparative SDS‚‚PAGE and subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry: Ser 391, Ser 402, Ser 413, Ser 415, Ser 437, Thr 452, and a cluster of serine and threonine residues (SSTTT) at position 573‚‚577 (see Supplementary Information, Table S2)." SIGNOR-249307 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MC4R protein P32245 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser329 LGGLCDLsSRY 9606 12639913 t miannu "Activation of MC4R by agonist is associated with protein kinase A (PKA) and GRK phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues in the C-terminal tail of MC4R, followed by -arrestin and dynamin-dependent internalization of the receptor. Thr312 and Ser329/330 in the C-terminal tail of MC4R are potential sites for PKA" SIGNOR-250016 STK11 protein Q15831 UNIPROT PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr109 QWARLLQtSNITKSE 9606 20400510 t esanto "Lkb1 suppresses p21-activated kinase-1 (pak1) by phosphorylation of thr109 in the p21-binding domain." SIGNOR-164814 MBTPS2 protein O43462 UNIPROT SREBF2 protein Q12772 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 10029 BTO:0000246 10419520 t "In order to activate transcription, the NH2-terminal domain of the SREBP must be released from the membrane so that it can enter the nucleus. This release has been studied most extensively for one of the SREBPs, namely, SREBP-2. However, the mechanism appears to be similar for the other SREBPs (SREBP-1a and -1c) (1). Release of the NH2-terminal domain is accomplished by a two-step proteolytic event that is regulated by sterols (3). In sterol-depleted mammalian cells, this proteolysis is initiated by the Site-1 protease (S1P), which cleaves human SREBP-2 between the Leu522-Ser523 bond in the sequence RSVL S (4). This cleavage requires formation of a complex between SREBP and SCAP, a polytopic membrane protein of the ER, and it is prevented when this complex is disrupted" SIGNOR-267498 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser558 VPTYESAsIRRFQEG 9606 BTO:0000938 15381704 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P28329-3" gcesareni "Finally, basal chat phosphorylation in neurons is mediated predominantly by pkc at ser-476, with pkc activation increasing phosphorylation at ser-440 and enhancing chat activity." SIGNOR-129336 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5√¢‚Ǩ¬≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-268059 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr331 CTPVVTCtPSCTAYT phosphorylation:Ser374;Ser362 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL;AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-263007 FBLIM1 protein Q8WUP2 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 24165133 t miannu "Kindlin binds migfilin tandem LIM domains and regulates migfilin focal adhesion localization and recruitment dynamics. Two integrin-binding proteins present in FAs, kindlin-1 and kindlin-2, are important for integrin activation, FA formation, and signaling. By binding filamin, migfilin provides a link between kindlin and the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-266105 SERPINC1 protein P01008 UNIPROT F12 protein P00748 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage 31030036 t lperfetto "Antithrombin (AT), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily, is a major circulating inhibitor of blood coagulation proteases such as factor (F) IIa (known as thrombin), FXa and, to a lesser extent, FIXa, FXIa and FXIIa. SERPINC1, which encodes AT in humans, is located on chromosome 1q25.1" SIGNOR-264139 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr758 NPLFKSAtTTVMNPK 9606 BTO:0000751 11700305 t lperfetto "Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) delta and PKCbetaI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCalpha and PKCeta also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCalpha additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. |" SIGNOR-249123 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR2A protein P28223 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264293 PDHX protein O00330 UNIPROT GCG protein P01275 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001731 12783165 f miannu "In glucagonoma cells transduced with a Pdx1-encoding lentiviral vector, insulin gene expression was induced while glucagon mRNA levels were reduced by 50 to 60%." SIGNOR-254901 PAX2 protein Q02962 UNIPROT PAX2/TLE4 complex SIGNOR-C152 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 16631587 t miannu "Several Pax proteins are able to interact with groucho (TLE) family members. Recruitment of the groucho-related protein TLE4 may be involved in converting Pax2 into a transcriptional repressor of Wt1." SIGNOR-256359 NSD3 protein Q9BZ95 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0002181 28205554 t irozzo "Indeed, dose-dependent TR-FRET and affinity pull-down assay confirmed the interaction of NSD3-s with MYC. Supporting functional significance of the interaction, co-expression of NSD3-s, but not the MYC-binding defective fragment of NSD3-s (1–347), stabilized MYC protein and increased MYC transcriptional activity as revealed by a MYC-driven reporter assay." SIGNOR-259199 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256927 imiquimod chemical CHEBI:36704 ChEBI TLR7 protein Q9NYK1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15661881 t miannu "Imiquimod and resiquimod can tentatively be defined as human TLR7 or TLR7/8 agonists, respectively." SIGNOR-259244 FZD1 protein Q9UP38 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000222 10937998 f fspada "Wnt signaling maintains preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state through inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (ppargamma)" SIGNOR-80595 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI PLA2G4A protein P47712 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 9430701 t gcesareni "Cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cpla2) is a calcium-sensitive 85-kda enzyme that hydrolyzes arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids to initiate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor, potent inflammatory mediators. The calcium-dependent activation of the enzyme is mediated by an n-terminal c2 domain, which is responsible for calcium-dependent translocation of the enzyme to membranes and that enables the intact enzyme to hydrolyze membrane-resident substrates. cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cpla2) associates with natural membranes in response to physiological increases in ca2+, resulting in the selective hydrolysis of arachidonyl phospholipids." SIGNOR-54943 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT MDM4 protein O15151 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser367 PDCRRTIsAPVVRPK 9606 18356162 t lperfetto "The chk1 and chk2 kinases have also been shown to phosphorylate ser367, leading to 14-3-3 binding (34_36, 38, 44). In both cases, the outcome differed: in chk1-mediated phosphorylation, mdmx was translocated to the cytoplasm;in chk2-mediated phosphorylation, mdmx was degraded (34_36, 38, 44). It is possible that the damage response is mediated through additional phosphorylation sites other than ser367 and that, depending on the type of damage, certain sites will be modified, leading to different outcomes." SIGNOR-178071 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT TRPV1 protein Q8NER1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser821 YLRQFSGsLKPEDAE 9534 BTO:0000298 14523239 t lperfetto "We found that mutation of S800 to alanine significantly reduced the PMA-induced enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents and the direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Mutation of S502 to alanine reduced PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents, but had no effect on direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA. Conversely, mutation of T704 to alanine had no effect on PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents but dramatically reduced direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA." SIGNOR-249233 SH3GLB1 protein Q9Y371 UNIPROT Endocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH123 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25517094 f miannu "Endocytosis is required for internalization of micronutrients and turnover of membrane components. Endophilin has been assigned as a component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis." SIGNOR-263886 CYP24A1 protein Q07973 UNIPROT calcitriol smallmolecule CHEBI:17823 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 30080183 t lperfetto "Homozygous mutations in the vitamin D 24-hydroxylase CYP24A1, the major enzyme responsible for inactivation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, lead to idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH)." SIGNOR-270572 calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI CALM3 protein P0DP25 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 10884684 t miannu "Calmodulin is the best studied and prototypical example of the e-f-hand family of ca2+-sensing proteins. In the event of a transient rise in Ca2+, the Ca2+ ion is coordinated in each Ca2+-binding loop of Ca2+–CaM by seven, primarily carboxylate, ligands. The binding of Ca2+ leads to substantial alterations in the interhelical angles within the E–F hands in each domain and dramatically changes the two domains of CaM to produce more ‘openÂ’ conformations" SIGNOR-266333 NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 8639160 t gcesareni "We have described how the receptor uses several means to achieve repression of the genes regulated by AP-1 and NF-KB proteins" SIGNOR-251680 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser454 TGSTPPVsPTPSERS 9606 22139079 t "Translocation from Nuleus to Cytoplasm" gcesareni "Serum induces rhoa-dependent translocation of mkl1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and also causes a rapid increase in mkl1 phosphorylation. Serum-induced phosphorylation of the serum response factor coactivator mkl1 by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibits its nuclear localization." SIGNOR-195153 DUSP9 protein Q99956 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21908610 t gcesareni "In addition, although mutation of ser-58 to either alanine or glutamic acid does not affect the intrinsic catalytic activity of dusp9/mkp-4, phospho-mimetic (ser-58 to glu) substitution inhibits both the interaction of dusp9/mkp-4 with erk2 and p38? In vivo and its ability to dephosphorylate and inactivate these map kinases." SIGNOR-176586 BCR protein P11274 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260526 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT HNRNPK protein P61978 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser216 ILDLISEsPIKGRAQ 9606 11259409 t gcesareni "The current studies demonstrate the identification of hnrnp-k as a jnk and erk substrate. The phosphoacceptor sites for jnk and erk on the k protein are different, and indeed, erk phosphorylation results in biological consequences different from those of phosphorylation by jnk (49). Whereas erk phosphorylation on aa 284 and 353 contributes to k protein nuclear export and concomitant inhibition of rna translation (49), phosphorylation by k protein on aa 216 and 353 increases the transcriptional effects of the k protein." SIGNOR-105766 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 KDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 15718470 t gcesareni "Akt/PKB activation requires the phosphorylation of Thr308 in the activation loop by the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Ser473 within the carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic motif by an unknown kinase." SIGNOR-243203 MED15 protein Q96RN5 UNIPROT "Core mediator complex" complex SIGNOR-C405 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28467824 t miannu "Mediator is a multiprotein co-activator that binds the transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) and regulates RNA polymerase (Pol) II. The Mediator head and middle modules form the essential core Mediator (cMed), whereas the tail and kinase modules play regulatory roles." SIGNOR-266660 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu72 EEAREVFeDSDKTNE -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263673 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser394 EDAVHEDsGDEDGED 9606 20388487 t gcesareni "Protein kinase ck2-mediated phosphorylation of hdac2 regulates co-repressor formation, deacetylase activity and acetylation of hdac2 by cigarette smoke and aldehydesstudies using unfractionated cell extracts with ck2 inhibitors suggest that protein kinase ck2 is the major source of hdac2 kinase. Finally, and perhaps most interesting, hdac2 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity, selectively regulates complex formation, but has no effect on transcriptional repression. Together, our data indicate that like many hdacs, hdac2 is regulated by post-translational modification, particularly phosphorylation." SIGNOR-164795 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT AKT1S1 protein Q96B36 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser183 PTQQYAKsLPVSVPV 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR-C3 17517883 t lperfetto "The proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kilodaltons (PRAS40) was identified as a raptor-binding protein that is phosphorylated directly by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) but not mTORC2 in vitro, predominantly at PRAS40 (Ser(183)).PRAS40 binding to raptor was also abolished by mutation of the major mTORC1 phosphorylation site, Ser(183), to Asp." SIGNOR-154956 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT CDK6 protein Q00534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001271 12835716 f gcesareni "The degradation of c-myc protein decreases the expression of the cell cycle regulators cdk4 and cdk6, which reversibly slows down the cell cycle." SIGNOR-102737 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT NFATC1 protein O95644 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser172 YRDPSCLsPASSLSS 9606 10652349 t "Translocation from Nucleus to Cytoplasm" esanto "We show that jnk, erk, and p38 physically associate with the nfatc n-terminal regulatory domain and can directly phosphorylate functionally important residues involved in regulating nfatc subcellular localization, namely ser(172) and the conserved nfatc ser-pro repeats." SIGNOR-74564 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr132 QLIIEDPyYGNDSDF 9534 BTO:0004055 9038134 t "We identify Tyr-131 as the major phosphorylation site and Tyr-132 as a minor site and the Src family PTKs Lck and Fyn as enzymes capable of phosphorylating these sites in vivo and in vitro. Both Tyr-131 and Tyr-132 are located next to the catalytic pocket of LMPTP, and especially, Tyr-131 seems to be important for the activity of LMPTP. Phosphorylation of Tyr-131 or Tyr-132, particularly the former, caused an increase in the activity of LMPTP." SIGNOR-251149 KLHL6 protein Q8WZ60 UNIPROT CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000775 29720484 t miannu "We confirmed the formation of ubiquitin and CDK2 by different systems and further identified the E3 ligase KLHL6 as a mediator of the ubiquitination and degradation of CDK2. " SIGNOR-272310 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage -1 10978167 t lperfetto "Thrombin selectively cleaves PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4 to induce activation of platelets and vascular cells," SIGNOR-263608 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser503 KENIFGEsRASTFCG 9606 19366211 t llicata "This study identifies novel in vitro pkcdelta autophosphorylation sites at thr(141) adjacent to the pseudosubstrate domain, thr(218) in the c1a-c1b interdomain, ser(295), ser(302), and ser(304) in the hinge region, and ser(503) adjacent to thr(505) in the activation loop." SIGNOR-185299 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser698 PEWPRRAsCTSSTSG -1 196939 t "The results presented in this paper show that the phosphorylation of glycogen synthetase a by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase results in the phosphorylation of two distinct serines termed site-l and site-2, which account for 90% of the total phosphorylation" SIGNOR-253009 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT INPP5D protein Q92835 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "An adaptor protein Dok-3 mediates the suppressive function of LYN. The Dok-3 phosphorylated by LYN upon BCR stimulation forms a complex with GRB2, which allows it to enter into the signalosome and associate with activation of SHIP protein. This translocation facilitates the efficient inhibition of PLCc2 and SYK from activation, subsequently resulting in the suppression of downstream Ca2+ signaling." SIGNOR-268449 CPS1 protein P31327 UNIPROT "carbamoyl phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58228 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15096496 t "CPSase catalyzes the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine, bicarbonate, and two ATP molecules" SIGNOR-267192 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT TOP2A protein P11388 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1525 PIKYLEEsDEDDLF 9606 19098900 t gcesareni "Here we report that when phosphorylated, ser 1524 of topo iialpha acts as a binding site for the brct domain of mdc1 (mediator of dna damage checkpoint protein-1), thereby recruiting mdc1 to chromatin" SIGNOR-182844 estrone smallmolecule CHEBI:17263 ChEBI 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" -1 8994190 t Luana "Human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17-HSD) type 1 catalyzes the conversion of the low activity estrogen, estrone, into highly active estradiol, both in the gonads and in target tissues. " SIGNOR-269759 FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22521266 f gcesareni "In the gk gene regulation, foxo1 represses hnf-4-potentiated transcription of the gene, whereas it synergizes with hnf-4 in activating the g6pase gene transcription." SIGNOR-252920 NLGN4X protein Q8N0W4 UNIPROT NRXN2 protein Q9P2S2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264155 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT TANK protein Q92844 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser178 TATETQCsVPIQCTD 9534 BTO:0000298 10759890 t miannu "IKK-i phosphorylates I-TRAF. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that IKK‐i phosphorylates I‐TRAF in the middle portion that associates with TRAF2. Interestingly, TRAF2 is freed from the I‐TRAF/TRAF2 complex after I‐TRAF phosphorylation. TRAF2 isdistributed throughout the cytoplasm, in the formof inactive an I-TRAF/TRAF2 complex" SIGNOR-262716 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 19188143 t gcesareni "Akt-dependent phosphorylation of foxo3a (thr32, ser253, and ser315 for human foxo3) enhances foxo3a/14?3?3 Interaction and promotes foxo3a nuclear export to the cytoplasm, resulting in the repression of foxo3a transcriptional function" SIGNOR-183652 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser78 SSGSPANsFHFKEAW -1 14709557 t miannu "AMPK can phosphorylate three sites in eEF2 kinase in vitro. Of these, Ser-398 appears to be more efficiently phosphorylated than either Ser-78 or Ser-366. Ser-78 and Ser-366 do not appear to be phosphorylated by AMPK within cells. Ser-366 serves to decrease the activity of eEF2 kinase" SIGNOR-250314 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ATXN3 protein P54252 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser256 LRRAIQLsMQGSSRN 9606 BTO:0000007 17434145 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of ataxin-3 by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta at serine 256 regulates the aggregation of ataxin-3|" SIGNOR-264821 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT IL2RB protein P14784 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr381 EIEACQVyFTYDPYS -1 10214954 t "Recombinant p56(lck) phosphorylates in vitro tyrosine residues within the IL-2Rbeta chain. p56(lck) phosphorylates tyrosine residues 355, 358 and 361 but not 338 of the IL-2Rbeta chain acidic subdomain. p56(lck) also phosphorylates very efficiently the two tyrosines present in the IL-2Rbeta chain C-terminal region, Tyr-392 and Tyr-510." SIGNOR-251375 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser250 TGSPAELsPTTLSPV 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t lperfetto "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-244723 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17254968 t gcesareni "We show that prak activates p53 by direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-152843 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT MAF1 protein Q9H063 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser60 PHVLEALsPPQTSGL 9606 SIGNOR-C3 20516213 t fstefani "The protein is phosphorylated mainly on residues s60, s68, and s75, and this inhibits its pol iii repression function. The responsible kinase is mtorc1, which phosphorylates maf1 directly." SIGNOR-165791 MC1R protein Q01726 UNIPROT Pigmentation phenotype SIGNOR-PH70 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19656324 f miannu "Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) binds to melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes to stimulate pigmentation and modulate various cutaneous inflammatory responses." SIGNOR-252374 AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT TACC3 protein Q9Y6A5 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser34 PEVTGRSsVLRVSQK -1 26134678 t lperfetto "To address whether the phosphorylation state of TACC3 influenced Aurora-A binding and activation, we generated TACC3 variants in which all three Aurora-A phosphorylation sites (S34, S552 and S558)| The SA mutant had strongly reduced levels of phosphorylation compared to the individual mutations|" SIGNOR-263697 FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT FLT1 protein P17948 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1327 CCSPPPDyNSVVLYS 9606 9722576 t lperfetto "Receptor tyrosine phosphorylation is crucial for signal transduction by creating high affinity binding sites for src homology 2 domain-containing molecules. By expressing the intracellular domain of flt-1/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in the baculosystem, we identified two major tyrosine phosphorylation sites at tyr-1213 and tyr-1242 and two minor tyrosine phosphorylation sites at tyr-1327 and tyr-1333 in this receptor." SIGNOR-59758 ABCA7 protein Q8IZY2 UNIPROT APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 12917409 t miannu "ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) binds apolipoprotein A-I and mediates cellular phospholipid but not cholesterol efflux. HEK293 cells overexpressing ABCA7 showed specific binding and cross-linking of lipid-poor apoA-I. ABCA7 expression increased cellular phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin efflux to apoA-I in a manner similar to ABCA1 but had no effect on cholesterol efflux." SIGNOR-265178 PPP1CB protein P62140 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 21750978 t miannu "Ikarosis dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) via interaction at a consensus pp1-binding motif/ hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway" SIGNOR-174862 sirolimus chemical CHEBI:9168 ChEBI MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 17350953 t gcesareni "Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive drug that binds simultaneously to the 12-kda fk506- and rapamycin-binding protein (fkbp12, or fkbp) and the fkbp-rapamycin binding (frb) domain of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) kinase. autophagy is negatively regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and can be induced in all mammalian cell types by the mtor inhibitor rapamycin." SIGNOR-153608 VCP protein P55072 UNIPROT AURKA protein O14965 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 6239 23649807 t lperfetto "The UBXN-2/p37/p47 adaptors of CDC-48/p97 regulate mitosis by limiting the centrosomal recruitment of Aurora A.|We found that UBXN-2 and CDC-48 coimmunoprecipitated with AIR-1 from embryonic extracts" SIGNOR-265044 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 26299618 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that a ubiquitin E3-ligase, FBXO21, targets the multidrug resistance transporter, ABCB1, also known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), for proteasomal degradation.Purified in vitro translated FLAG-tagged P-gp along with E2 (UbcH5c), E3 ligase FBXO21, Cul1, Skp1, Roc1 purified from Sf-9 insect cells were incubated in vitro." SIGNOR-272425 Diprenorphine chemical CHEBI:4650 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258789 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t miannu "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-266327 S100A9 protein P06702 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000876 16690079 t miannu "Calcium-induced complexes of S100A8 and S100A9 have been shown to colocalize with microtubules (MTs) during activation of monocytes. Functional analyses demonstrated that the complexes are involved in cytoskeletal organization and that they directly bind to tubulin and promote tubulin polymerization in a calcium-dependent manner" SIGNOR-261936 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR SYN2 protein Q92777 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 10571231 t miannu "Synapsins are exclusively localized to synaptic vesicles, which they coat as peripheral membrane proteins; they probably constitute one of the most abundant neuronal PKA substrates. Our study reveals an unexpectedly dynamic state of synapsins in nerve terminals: any changes in PKA or CaM Kinase I activity will modulate the amount of synapsin on synaptic vesicles. PKA Activation Triggers Synapsin Dissociation" SIGNOR-264109 MAPK7 protein Q13164 UNIPROT MEF2C protein Q06413 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser387 LSLPSTQsLNIKSEP 9606 9384584 t lperfetto "Bmk1 dramatically enhances the transactivation activity of mef2c by phosphorylating a serine residue at amino acid position 387 in this transcription factor." SIGNOR-53545 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT SIAH1 protein Q8IUQ4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14985507 t gcesareni "Northern blot analysis with a specific probe demonstrates an increase in siah-1b transcription on activation of endogenous and inducible exogenous p53. To explore whether this effect is directly mediated by p53 we analyzed 20 kb of chromosome x dna, containing the siah-1b locus. A p53-binding site was identified in the siah-1b promoter, located at nucleotides -2155/-2103 relative to the translational start site." SIGNOR-122986 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2G2 protein P60604 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271344 SP3 protein Q02447 UNIPROT SLC9A3 protein P48764 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 7227 BTO:0001677 16464174 f "Co-transfection of Sp1 or Sp3 into SL2 cells activated the NHE3-reporter constructs, suggesting that Sp1 and Sp3 act as positive regulators of the NHE3 expression. In addition, overexpression of EGR-1 was sufficient to transactivate the NHE3-reporter gene activity" SIGNOR-254271 TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272869 ITGA11 protein Q9UKX5 UNIPROT "A11/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C168 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253187 SMAD5/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C205 SIGNOR DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 12815054 f ggiuliani "Over-expression of Smad1 or Smad5, mediators of BMP-signaling, also induced Dlx5 expression even in the absence of BMP-2 treatment concomitant with positive ALP staining" SIGNOR-255790 PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT PIP3 smallmolecule CHEBI:16618 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24647478 t "AKT is a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays important roles in cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. It is activated after binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) with phosphate s at positions 3, 4 and 3,4,5 on the inositol ring" miannu "Stimulation of tyrosine kinase receptors initiates a signaling cascade that activates pi3k. Activated pi3k uses pip2 to generate pip3, which recruit akt to the plasma membrane through its pleckstrin homology (ph) domain, permitting its activation by pdks." SIGNOR-65409 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21620960 t gcesareni "Akt phosphorylates members of the foxo factors (forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localisation. In particular, akt phosphorylates foxo1 on thr24, ser256 and ser319. Foxo 3alfa and foxo4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. In addition, phosphorylation of afx by protein kinase b inhibits its transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-174021 NUMA1 protein Q14980 UNIPROT TUBB3 protein Q13509 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11956313 t miannu "Direct binding of numa to tubulin is mediated by a novel sequence motif in the tail domain that bundles and stabilizes microtubules." SIGNOR-116979 AKT3 protein Q9Y243 UNIPROT CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr23 EMRERLGtGGFGNVC 9606 SIGNOR-C14 19609947 t gcesareni "Although there are likely to be multiple levels of crosstalk between the pi3k-akt and nf-kb pathways, one mechanism has been attributed to direct phosphorylation of the amino acid residue t23 on ikb kinase alfa (ikkalfa) by akt, thereby leading to activation of this kinase upstream of nf-kb akt mediates ikkalpha phosphorylation at threonine 23 akt transiently associates in vivo with ikk and induces ikk activation. Akt mediates ikkalfa phosphorylation at threonine 23.Akt phosphorylates ikkalpha on t23, and this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation of p65 at s534 by ikkalpha and beta" SIGNOR-187062 CyclinD1/CDK6 complex SIGNOR-C143 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser45 GATTTAPsLSGKGNP -1 17208333 t llicata "We showed that CCND1-CDK6 phosphorylates beta-catenin on serine 45 (S45). This phosphorylation creates a priming site for glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and is both necessary and sufficient to initiate the beta-catenin phosphorylation-degradation cascade." SIGNOR-250647 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT TAF11 protein Q15544 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17343824 f miannu "We found 59 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes in the K562-SATB1 cells that were not observed in the K562 cells. Partial genes that have special biological functions are listed in Table 1." SIGNOR-255130 fenoterol chemical CHEBI:149226 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000457 20590599 t Luana "Finally, comparisons of the rank order of ligands for the three different receptors provide information about relative intrinsic efficacies. Fenoterol is a full and efficacious agonist at the β1-adrenoceptor, ranking third out of the agonists studied. It was also a full agonist at the β2- and β3-adrenoceptors with the highest intrinsic efficacy (i.e. top of Tables 4 and ​and5,5, rank 1). " SIGNOR-257869 IARS1 protein P41252 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270354 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT YWHAQ protein P27348 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser232 LTLWTSDsAGEECDA 9606 25862939 t lperfetto "The neuroprotective effect of 14-3-3theta against rotenone toxicity is dependent on the inhibition of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax|Phosphorylation at S232 induced by rotenone is reduced by casein kinase inhibitors, and is not dependent on alphasyn.| The S232D mutant partially reduced the ability of 14-3-3theta to inhibit Bax activation in response to rotenone. Based on these findings, we propose that phosphorylation of 14-3-3s at serine 232 contributes to the neurodegenerative process in PD." SIGNOR-264405 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT "A9/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C166 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257677 WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins. Wnt proteins bind to the Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131829 OSU-03012 chemical CHEBI:131196 ChEBI PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-197715 RARS1 protein P54136 UNIPROT "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32644155 t miannu "In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). the MSC is suggested to be a super-complex of two identical, symmetrically arranged sub-units, each containing a single copy of the constituents, with the exception of LysRS which is present as a dimer in each sub-unit (Figure ​(Figure1B,1B, adapted from (27,28)). The sub-units are proposed to be joined by dimers of AspRS and the ProRS domain of GluProRS, and possibly by LysRS tetramers (20). Four AARSs containing GST-like domains important in protein-protein interactions form a MetRS-AIMP3–GluProRS–AIMP2 core of the complex (27,29). These proteins, together with AspRS, and possibly LeuRS and IleRS (30), form a distinct sub-complex denoted as sub-complex I (27). Sub-complex II consists of AIMP1, GlnRS, ArgRS, a dimer of LysRS, and AIMP2 (which is shared by both sub-complexes)." SIGNOR-270357 SPRY4 protein Q9C004 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 BTO:0002058 20501643 f miannu "Spry4 expression induces a reversal of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition characteristic of tumor cells. Treatment of a non-transformed lung epithelial cell line with shRNA to Spry4 led to decreased expression of epithelial markers and increased cell growth, supporting the concept of Spry4 acting as a tumor suppressor." SIGNOR-253036 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT PHB protein P35232 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 16918502 t lperfetto "Our previous studies have shown that prohibitin physically interacts with the marked-box domain of E2F family members and represses their transcriptional activity; in contrast, prohibitin could bind to and enhance the transcriptional activity of p53." SIGNOR-268978 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DCBLD2 protein Q96PD2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr732 CSSAQAQyDTPKAGK -1 23770091 t done miannu "Mutagenesis analysis of ESDN's seven intracellular tyrosines in YxxP motifs found several contribute to the binding of ESDN to the SH2 domains of both CrkCT10 regulator of kinase Crk-Like (CrkL) and a representative SFK Fyn. Quantitative mass spectrometry showed that at least three of these (Y565, Y621 and Y750), as well as non-YxxP Y715, are reversibly phosphorylated. SFK activity was shown to be sufficient, but not required for the interaction between ESDN and the CrkL-SH2 domain. Finally, antibody-mediated ESDN clustering induces ESDN tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL-SH2 binding." SIGNOR-273947 CSKMT protein A8MUP2 UNIPROT CS protein O75390 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys395 LLEQGKAkNPWPNVD 34929314 t lperfetto "A mitochondrial matrix-located methyltransferase, methyltransferase-like protein 12 (METTL12), has been reported to methylate CS on the lysine 368 (K368) [15] and K395 residues [16] which are near the active site of CS. The methylation on K395 inhibits CS activity, which can be antagonized by its substrate oxaloacetate." SIGNOR-267638 GRK2 protein P25098 UNIPROT RPLP2 protein P05387 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser105 KKEESEEsDDDMGFG 9606 12379128 t gcesareni "The phosphorylation sites in grk2-phosphorylated p2 are identified (s102 and s105) and are identical to the sites known to regulate p2 activity." SIGNOR-94258 SPOP protein O43791 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20463034 t Gianni "RNAi knockdown of Spop (a substrate-binding adaptor for the cullin3-based ubiquitin E3 ligase) in Sufu mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) can restore the levels of Gli2 and Gli3 full-length proteins" SIGNOR-268860 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT AR protein P10275 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser215 SGRAREAsGAPTSSK 9534 BTO:0001538 11404460 t lperfetto "Akt suppresses androgen-induced apoptosis by phosphorylating and inhibiting androgen receptor. Here, we demonstrate that akt phosphorylates the androgen receptor (ar) at ser-210 and ser-790" SIGNOR-108504 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser540 KVMARSLsPPPELEE 10090 BTO:0000944 15851026 t lperfetto "Here, we show that Erk may play a critical role in TSC progression through posttranslational inactivation of TSC2. Erk-dependent phosphorylation leads to TSC1-TSC2 dissociation and markedly impairs TSC2 ability to inhibit mTOR signaling, cell proliferation, and oncogenic transformation. |Serine to alanine substitution at S664 or double S664A/S540A mutagenesis resulted in a marked reduction in TSC2 phosphorylation to a similar extent. In contrast, S540A substitution only moderately impaired TSC2 phosphorylation (Figure 3D), corroborating the notion that in vivo S664 is the most relevant residue for Erk-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249455 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AIP protein O00170 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser43 FHYRTLHsDDEGTVL 9534 12361709 t llicata "Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) was identified as the 45-kDa kinase from COS 1 cell or liver extracts that was responsible for phosphorylation of serine 43 in the XAP2 peptide 39-57. Loss of phosphorylation at any or all of the serine residues did not significantly affect the ability of XAP2-FLAG to bind to the murine AhR in rabbit reticulocyte lysate or Hsp90 in COS-1 cells." SIGNOR-250824 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR NOXA1 protein Q86UR1 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser172 DQVQRRGsLPPRQVP 9606 BTO:0003250 20943948 t lperfetto "On the other hand, our group has shown that protein kinase A (PKA) inhibits Nox1 activity in colon epithelial cells by phosphorylating NoxA1 at two distinct sites, Ser172 and Ser461" SIGNOR-264712 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MYOM2 protein P54296 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser76 RVCAKRVsTQEDEEQ 9606 BTO:0000887 9529381 t llicata "This binding is regulated in vitro by phosphorylation of a single serine residue (ser76) in the immediately adjacent amino-terminal domain mp1. M-protein phosphorylation by camp-dependent kinase a inhibits binding to myosin lmm." SIGNOR-56395 SALL4 protein Q9UJQ4 UNIPROT ZEB1 protein P37275 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000356 23954296 f miannu "Our shRNA-mediated SALL4 knockdown system and SALL4 overexpression system revealed that SALL4 suppresses the expression of adhesion gene CDH1, and positively regulates the CDH1 suppressor ZEB1." SIGNOR-255123 PKG proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF77 SIGNOR 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate kinase generates one molecule of ATP by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. Two isozymes of PGK exist: PGK-1, ubiquitously expressed in all somatic cells, and PGK-2, expressed only in spermatozoa." SIGNOR-266507 TRiC complex SIGNOR-C539 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 36185250 t miannu "Mammalian cells contain an evolutionarily conserved type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC). The CCT complex is composed of eight subunits [CCT1-8 (yeast) or CCTα-θ (mammals)] and folds substrates needed for cell invasion and proliferation, such as actin, tubulin, and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (cdc20), as well as oncoproteins like signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and Myelocytomatosis (MYC)." SIGNOR-272872 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT YARS1 protein P54577 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269431 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SERPINA3 protein P01011 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002600 11027208 f miannu "We characterize a molecular mechanism responsible for both IL-1 and TNF-induced expression of ACT gene in astrocytes. We identify the 5' distal IL-1/TNF-responsive enhancer of the ACT gene located 13 kb upstream of the transcription start site. This 413-bp-long enhancer contains three elements, two of which bind nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and one that binds activating protein 1 (AP-1). All of these elements contribute to the full responsiveness of the ACT gene to both cytokines, as determined by deletion and mutational analysis. The 5' NF-kB high-affinity binding site and AP-1 element contribute most to the enhancement of gene transcription in response to TNF and IL-1." SIGNOR-254809 "ErbB receptor family" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF36 SIGNOR PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17306385 t miannu "Another phospholipid modifying signaling pathway activated by RTKs is the PI3K pathway. This heterodimeric enzyme comprises two subunits, the p85 regulatory subunit harboring two SH2 domains, and the p110 catalytic subunit. PI3K activation may be achieved by binding of its p85 regulatory subunit to an activated receptor. Alternatively, RTK signaling may activate the small G protein Ras, which in turn recruits PI3K to the plasma membrane and induces a stimulatory conformational change in the lipid kinase" SIGNOR-256168 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PKMYT1 protein Q99640 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 LLSLFEDtLDPT -1 12738781 t miannu "Here, we have shown that Plk1 is responsible for part of the phosphorylation of Myt1 during M phase. The kinase activity of human Myt1 is reported to be decreased during M phase, and the decreased activity correlates with hyperphosphorylated forms of Myt1 (35, 37). We then tested the ability of these mutant forms of Myt1 (GST fusion proteins), to serve as a substrate for Plk1 in vitro. Quantification of the result (Fig. 5C) showed that Ser-426 is the major phosphorylation site by Plk1 in vitro and Thr-495 the second major site." SIGNOR-263097 GLDN protein Q6ZMI3 UNIPROT ANK3 protein Q12955 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000227 19840192 t miannu "Ankyrin-G is recruited to the nodes of Ranvier by gliomedin, which is produced by Schwann cells and accumulates in the perinodal extracellular matrix. As a ligand for neurofascin-186, gliomedin causes the nodal clustering of this cell adhesion molecule, which in turn recruits to the nodal plasma membrane an ankyrin-G protein network consisting of voltage-gated sodium or potassium channels (KCNQ2/3) and β4-spectrin." SIGNOR-266725 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR GYS2 protein P54840 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser8 MLRGRSLsVTSLGGL -1 22233421 t miannu "Recombinant muscle GYS1 (glycogen synthase 1) and recombinant liver GYS2 were phosphorylated by recombinant AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) in a time-dependent manner and to a similar stoichiometry. The phosphorylation site in GYS2 was identified as Ser7, which lies in a favourable consensus for phosphorylation by AMPK. Phosphorylation of GYS1 or GYS2 by AMPK led to enzyme inactivation by decreasing the affinity for both UDP-Glc (UDP-glucose) [assayed in the absence of Glc-6-P (glucose-6-phosphate)] and Glc-6-P (assayed at low UDP-Glc concentrations)." SIGNOR-263101 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20331961 t milica "The receptor, now called lpa1, is a gpcr that couples to heterotrimeric g proteins (gi, gq, g12/13alpha subunits)." SIGNOR-230761 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "Chk1 directly phosphorylates essential s-phase kinases cdc7." SIGNOR-163161 CAPN3 protein P20807 UNIPROT CDK5R1 protein Q15078 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25969760 t lperfetto "Calpains also modulate the activity of CDK5. Physiologically, CDK 5 is activated by p35 and its cleaved product p25. The latter has a longer half life than p35 and therefore it is a more potent activator of CDK5. The cleavage of p35 to p25 is mediated by calpain" SIGNOR-251604 SSTR2 protein P30874 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256684 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255098 D-thyroxine smallmolecule CHEBI:30659 ChEBI THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0003736 6777394 t "inferred from family member" miannu "The high levels of circulating D-T4 and presumably of circulating D-T3 originating from the peripheral conversion of D-T4 achieved after the chronic administration of D-T4 (Choloxin) may be responsible for a high degree of saturation of the human pituitary nuclear T3 receptors, thus resulting in the suppression of the TRH-induced TSH response." SIGNOR-270294 CPE protein P16870 UNIPROT Oxytocin protein P01178-PRO_0000020495 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 25767437 t miannu "First, OT preprohormone is produced, that will be cleaved and matured by successive enzymes. The OT gene encodes for the Pre-Pro-OT-Neurophysin I (pre-pro-hormone), which is cleaved by different enzymes to give rise to different OT intermediate forms and to the Neurophysin I, and finally to the mature amidated form that is released (Figure ​2)." SIGNOR-270338 GNRHR protein P30968 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257265 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser927 DSDSVCDsGVETSFR 9606 BTO:0000007 SIGNOR-C13 11158290 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates p105 resulting in its degradation, which releases tpl2 resulting in activation of the pro-proliferative map kinase- pathway." SIGNOR-104807 RORC protein P51449 UNIPROT IL17A protein Q16552 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16990136 t mrosina "We found that RORgt is required for the constitutive expression of IL-17 in intestinal lamina propria T cells and for the in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells" SIGNOR-255029 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT CLTB protein P09497 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser13 GFFSSSEsGAPEAAE -1 3128543 t llicata "To date, the only evidence for a functional distinction of LCa and LCb is the preferential phosphorylation of LCb, which takes place at serine residues and is mediated by coated vesicle-associated casein kinase II. As a first step toward determining the function of light chain diversity, we have mapped the in vitro phosphorylation sites on LCb. We use [32P]ATP to phosphorylate LCb within coated vesicles, followed by sequencing of 32P-labeled chymotryptic peptides thereof, to identify serine residues at positions 11 and 13 as the phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-250984 MLL-ENL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP7 SIGNOR "Core Binding Factor complex" complex SIGNOR-C214 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 24449215 f miannu "However, the functional consequence of MLL fusions on RUNX1/CBFβ activity has not been fully understood. In this report, we show that MLL fusion proteins and the N-terminal MLL portion of MLL fusions downregulate RUNX1 and CBFβ protein expression via the MLL CXXC domain and flanking regions." SIGNOR-255971 SLN protein O00631 UNIPROT ATP2A2 protein P16615 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 23455424 t lperfetto "The structure suggests a mechanism for selective Ca2+ loading and activation of SERCA, and provides new insight into how SLN and PLB inhibition arises from stabilization of this E1 intermediate state without bound Ca2+." SIGNOR-264779 USP22 protein Q9UPT9 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269578 SEC61A1 protein P61619 UNIPROT "SEC61 complex" complex SIGNOR-C368 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 33925740 t lperfetto "The heterotrimeric Sec61 complex of the ER membrane represents the major entry point for precursor polypeptides into the membrane or lumen of the ER" SIGNOR-265279 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257609 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ELK1 protein P19419 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7889942 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erki phosphorylates five c-terminal sites in elk-i (s324, t336, s383, s389 and s422) with varying degrees of efficiency." SIGNOR-270075 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PPP1R1B protein Q9UD71 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser45 LFRLSEHsSPEEEAS -1 2557337 t llicata "Study of [Plphosphate release during manual Edman degradation confirmed that the phosphorylated residues in rat DARPP-32 were Ser45 and Ser102. | Phosphorylation by casein kinase II did not affect the potency of DARPP-32 as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1, which depended only on phosphorylation of Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. However, phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by casein kinase II facilitated phosphorylation of Thr34 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase" SIGNOR-251019 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT JUP protein P14923 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr644 RNEGTATyAAAVLFR 9606 14517306 t lperfetto "Tyrosine phosphorylation of plakoglobin causes contrary effects on its association with desmosomes and adherens junction components and modulates beta-catenin-mediated transcriptionFor instance, Src, which mainly phosphorylates Tyr86 in beta-catenin, modifies Tyr643 in plakoglobin, decreasing the interaction with E-cadherin and alpha-catenin and increasing the interaction with the alpha-catenin-equivalent protein in desmosomes, desmoplakin." SIGNOR-247310 ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257079 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1016 DVVDADEyLIPQQGF 9534 BTO:0004055 14560030 t "Inhibition is achieved through the dephosphorylation of RasGAP binding sites at the level of the plasma membrane. We have identified Tyr992 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to be one such site, since its mutation to Phe renders the EGFR refractory to the effect of dominant-negative SHP2. To our knowledge, this is the first report to outline the site and molecular mechanism of action of SHP2 in EGFR signaling," SIGNOR-248666 NECAP1 protein Q8NC96 UNIPROT "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 24130457 t lperfetto "Knockdown and functional rescue studies demonstrate that through these interactions, NECAP 1 and AP-2 cooperate to increase the probability of clathrin-coated vesicle formation and to control the number, size, and cargo content of the vesicles." SIGNOR-260710 ADAM17 protein P78536 UNIPROT GP1BA protein P07359 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Val466 ATSPTILvSATSLIT 9606 BTO:0000132 25297919 t lperfetto "GPIbα is shed by metalloproteases such as ADAM17, a process that releases a soluble GPIbα fragment termed glycocalicin. ADAM17 cleaves within the GPIbα-based peptide (LRGV465LK) through a mechanism that is only partially understood [42]. GPIbα shedding has been shown to be constitutive but it can be increased by activation of protein kinases C (PKC) or inhibition of calmodulin [42, 43]. Shedding leads to decreased receptor density" SIGNOR-261861 CAMK2D protein Q13557 UNIPROT SCN5A protein Q14524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr594 LHGKKNStVDCNGVV 9606 22514276 t miannu "A stable interaction between ?(C)-camkii and the intracellular loop between domains 1 and 2 of na(v)1.5 was observed. This region was also phosphorylated by ?(C)-camkii, specifically at the ser-516 and thr-594 sites.Wild-type (wt) and phosphomutant hna(v)1.5 were co-expressed with gfp-?(C)-camkii in hek293 cells, and i(na) was recorded. As observed in myocytes, camkii shifted wt i(na) availability to a more negative membrane potential and enhanced accumulation of i(na) into an intermediate inactivated state, but these effects were abolished by mutating either of these sites to non-phosphorylatable ala residues." SIGNOR-197067 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr15 EKIGEGTyGTVFKAK 9534 BTO:0000298 10896159 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of Cdk5 by c-Abl occurs on tyrosine 15 (Y15), which is stimulatory for p35/Cdk5 kinase activity." SIGNOR-245288 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f "inferred from family member" gcesareni "In this study, we found that metformin increased shp gene expression via ampk activation and inhibited the expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic genes pepck and g6pase via upregulation of shp." SIGNOR-267789 CBX3 protein Q13185 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 methylation:Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 19111658 t miannu "A core characteristic of heterochromatin is its association with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, a highly conserved family of chromosomal proteins that bind to di- and trimethylated H3K9 via a conserved N-terminal domain called the chromodomain (CD) HP1 proteins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that bind to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and are required for heterochromatic gene silencing." SIGNOR-264495 PAF1C complex SIGNOR-C471 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20178742 t miannu "HPAF1C Independently and Cooperatively (with SII) Stimulates Transcription Elongation. Direct Interactions of hPAF1C with Pol II and SII Are Required for Its Intrinsic and Synergistic Effects on Chromatin Transcription." SIGNOR-269837 SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT PTCH1 protein Q13635 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 15618519 t lperfetto "Binding of sonic hedgehog (shh) to patched (ptc) relieves the latter's tonic smoothened (smo), a receptor that spans the cell membrane seven times. .Ptch Exists in vertebrates as two isoforms, ptch1 and ptch2, which seem to be equivalent in terms of binding the three hh isoforms." SIGNOR-132675 14-3-3 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF7 SIGNOR FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0001130 1010227 t gcesareni "Progressive increase in akt activation during prostate cancer progression led to increase phosphorylation of foxo3a and binding with 14-3-3, which potentially affected its transcriptional activity in age-specific manner." SIGNOR-15849 SERPINA5 protein P05154 UNIPROT FN1 protein P02751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000594 24388360 t miannu "SERPINA5 inhibits HCC cell migration by directly interacting with fibronectin. SERPINA5 disrupts the fibronectin–integrin β1 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-265881 THR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF84 SIGNOR RARG protein P13631 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15650024 t "inferred from family member" gcesareni "We report that the retinoic acid receptors (rars), a distinct class of nuclear receptors, are also efficient heterodimer partners for trs." SIGNOR-270315 TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 19007744 f "Translocation from Mitochondria to Cytosol" lperfetto "P53 translocation precedes changes of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and caspase activation" SIGNOR-140251 PAX7 protein P23759 UNIPROT KMT2D protein O14686 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C88 22863532 t miannu "Carm1 specifically methylates multiple arginines in the n-terminus of pax7. Methylated pax7 directly binds the c-terminal cleavage forms of the trithorax proteins mll1/2 resulting in the recruitment of the ash2l:mll1/2:wdr5:rbbp5 histone h3k4 methyltransferase complex to regulatory enhancers and the proximal promoter of myf5." SIGNOR-198629 STK38 protein Q15208 UNIPROT PI4KB protein Q9UBF8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser277 RTHQRSKsDATASIS 10090 BTO:0000142 22445341 t miannu "We identified 5 potential NDR1 substrates in the mouse brain and chose two for functional validation. We show that one NDR1 substrate is another kinase, AP-2 associated kinase-1 (AAK1) which regulates dendritic branching as a result of NDR1 phosphorylation. Another substrate is the Rab8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rabin8 (a Sec2p homolog) which we find is involved in spine synapse formation." SIGNOR-263033 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 20179209 t lperfetto "Pkcs phosphorylate bad under in vitro conditions, and the association of phosphorylated bad with pkc-mu or pkc-epsilon, as shown by immunoprecipitation, indicated direct involvement of pkcs in bad phosphorylation. To confirm these results, cells overexpressing pegfp-n1, wt-bad, or bad with a single site mutated (ser112ala;ser136ala;ser155ala), two sites mutated (ser(112/136)ala;ser(112/155)ala;ser(136/155)ala), or the triple mutant were tested. Igf-i protected completely against rapamycin-induced apoptosis in cells overexpressing wt-bad and mutants having either one or two sites of phosphorylation mutated" SIGNOR-163920 PRKD2 protein Q9BZL6 UNIPROT PI4KB protein Q9UBF8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser294 SNLKRTAsNPKVENE 9606 16912074 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q9UBF8-2" gcesareni "Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to pi4kiiibeta involved the pkd phosphorylation site ser294, evident from reduced 14-3-3 binding to a s294a pi4kiiibeta mutant. Phospho-specific binding of 14-3-3 proteins to phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase iii beta protects from dephosphorylation and stabilizes lipid kinase activity." SIGNOR-148880 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser807 PGGNIYIsPLKSPYK 9606 1756735 t lperfetto "The retinoblastoma gene product (prb) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is thought to play a key role in the negative regulation of cellular proliferation. The active form of prb is underphosphorylated. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to potential cdc2 phosphorylation sites, we have developed a strategy which has allowed the identification of five sites. S249, t252, t373, s807 and s811 are phosphorylated in vivo, and in each case these sites correspond closely to the consensus sequence for phosphorylation by p34cdc2." SIGNOR-21552 naproxen chemical CHEBI:7476 ChEBI PTGS1 protein P23219 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9057869 t miannu "Naproxen had similar activity against both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (IC50s of 3.2 and 2.5 μM, respectively), whereas ibuprofen was approximately 100-fold more potent for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.1 μM) than for COX-1 (IC50 = 11 μM), and indomethacin was about 50-fold more potent for COX-1 (IC50 = 0.012 μM) than for COX-2 (IC50 = 0.56 μM)." SIGNOR-258603 NMS protein Q5H8A3 UNIPROT NMUR1 protein Q9HB89 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 15635449 t gcesareni "Here we identify a novel neuropeptide of 36 amino-acid residues in rat brain as an endogenous ligand for the orphan g protein-coupled receptor fm-4/tgr-1, which was identified to date as the neuromedin u (nmu) receptor, and designate this peptide 'neuromedin s (nms)' because it is specifically expressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) of the hypothalamus." SIGNOR-133074 "nitric oxide" smallmolecule CHEBI:16480 ChEBI GUCY1A2-B3 complex SIGNOR-C138 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15036565 t gcesareni "One of the most biologically relevant actions of NO is its binding to the heme moiety in the heterodimeric enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Activation of sGC by NO results in the production of the second messenger molecule, 3€²,5€²-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)" SIGNOR-243964 MRPL3 protein P09001 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262366 SYDE2 protein Q5VT97 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260522 MEF2D protein Q14814 UNIPROT ASH2L protein Q9UBL3 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887 18026121 f gcesareni "Targeting of ash2l to specific genes is mediated by the transcriptional regulator mef2d. Furthermore, this interaction is modulated during differentiation through activation of the p38 mapk signaling pathway via phosphorylation of mef2d." SIGNOR-159334 9-(1-Methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-[1-(1-oxoprop-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]-2-benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridinone chemical CID:71748056 PUBCHEM JAK3 protein P52333 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24556163 t miannu "This analysis revealed that QL47 also potently inhibits BMX with an IC50 of 6.7 nM but impressively displays more than 100-fold selectivity against EGFR, HER2, JAK3, BLK, TEC, and ITK that possess an equivalently placed cysteine" SIGNOR-262234 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 18930133 t "PPM1A and PPM1B act as IKKbeta phosphatases to terminate TNFalpha-induced IKKbeta-NF-kappaB activation|Overexpression of PPM1A or PPM1B results in dephosphorylation of IKKbeta at Ser177 and Ser181 and termination of IKKbeta-induced NF-kappaB activation." SIGNOR-248486 SP1 protein P08047 UNIPROT TINF2 protein Q9BSI4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 21731707 t lperfetto "Transfection of a plasmid carrying the Sp1 transcription factor into Sp-deficient SL2 cells strongly activated TIN2 promoter-driven luciferase reporter expression." SIGNOR-271698 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1035 IETDKEYyTVKDDRD 10090 11909529 t "The T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase is a negative regulator of janus family kinases 1 and 3|We have identified JAK1 and JAK3 as physiological substrates of TCPTP.| Using a site-specific antibody directed against the activation loop phosphotyrosines in JAK1 (pY1022/pY1023), we found that these sites were in fact dephosphorylated by TCPTP" SIGNOR-248396 RPL13 protein P26373 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262486 "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR "BRCA1-BARD1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C297 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination -1 12485996 t lperfetto "Auto‐ubiquitylation stimulates the ubiquitin ligase activity of BRCA1/BARD1|Secondly, BRCA1/BARD1 catalyses the formation of multiple polyubiquitin chains on itself. Remarkably, this auto‐polyubiquitylation potentiates the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the BRCA1/BARD1 complex >20‐fold." SIGNOR-263233 SETDB2 protein Q96T68 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation "Lys 10" RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 BTO:0000007 20404330 t miannu "Here, we have characterized a previously undescribed member of the histone H3K9 methyltransferase family named CLLD8 (or SETDB2 or KMT1F). This protein contributes to the trimethylation of both interspersed repetitive elements and centromere-associated repeats and participates in the recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1 to centromeres. Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) has emerged as an important player in the formation of heterochromatin, chromatin condensation, and transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-263895 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser272 SNHGLAIsPGMKTRI 9606 8846784 t fstefani "Using novel methodology we demonstrate that activation of mapkap kinase-2 requires the phosphorylation of any two of the three residues thr222, ser272 and thr334. gst-mapkap kinase-2 lacking the n-terminal domain was inactive, but activated fully when phosphorylated at thr222, ser272 and thr334 by p42 mapk or rk." SIGNOR-44339 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser540 KVMARSLsPPPELEE 10090 15851026 t lperfetto "Here, we show that Erk may play a critical role in TSC progression through posttranslational inactivation of TSC2. Erk-dependent phosphorylation leads to TSC1-TSC2 dissociation and markedly impairs TSC2 ability to inhibit mTOR signaling, cell proliferation, and oncogenic transformation. |Serine to alanine substitution at S664 or double S664A/S540A mutagenesis resulted in a marked reduction in TSC2 phosphorylation to a similar extent. In contrast, S540A substitution only moderately impaired TSC2 phosphorylation (Figure 3D), corroborating the notion that in vivo S664 is the most relevant residue for Erk-mediated phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249458 canertinib chemical CHEBI:61399 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258095 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TBC1D4 protein O60343 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 12637568 t gcesareni "Recently, we identified a 160-kda protein in adipocytes, designated as160, that is phosphorylated by the insulin-activated kinase akt" SIGNOR-252594 FADS1 protein O60427 UNIPROT arachidonoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:15514 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 15189125 t miannu "Fatty acid desaturases introduce a double bond in a specific position of long-chain fatty acids, and are conserved across kingdoms. Three desaturases, Delta9, Delta6, and Delta5, are present in humans. Delta-9 catalyzes synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a main product of Delta9 desaturase, is the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and is also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Delta-6 and Delta5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity." SIGNOR-267911 "Membrane attack complex" complex SIGNOR-C313 SIGNOR Membrane_disruption phenotype SIGNOR-PH151 SIGNOR up-regulates -1 30552328 f lperfetto "CryoEM reveals how the complement membrane attack complex ruptures lipid bilayers" SIGNOR-263456 CLTA protein P09496 UNIPROT "AP-3/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C250 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23103167 t lperfetto "Clathrin-coated pits and vesicles are diffraction-limited objects with typical diameters ranging between 75 and 130 nm. The smaller ∼75 nm coats contain at least 36 copies of clathrin, a heterohexameric protein of three heavy chains and three light chains, and about half that number of copies of the heterotetrameric AP adaptor complex | Intracellular clathrin-coated vesicles contain AP1 or AP3 adaptors" SIGNOR-260672 CYP17A1 protein P05093 UNIPROT progesterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17026 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0001363;BTO:0000048;BTO:0000050 17192295 t lperfetto "THE MICROSOMAL ENZYME P450c17 catalyzes two reactions: the 17α-hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone and the subsequent cleavage of the C17–20 carbon bond to produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Whereas only 17α-hydroxylase activity is necessary for the production of corticosteroids, both activities of P450c17 are required to synthesize sex hormones." SIGNOR-268657 TESK1 protein Q15569 UNIPROT TESK1 protein Q15569 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser220 EPLAVVGsPYWMAPE -1 10207045 t Manara "These results suggest that autophosphorylation of Ser-215 is an important step to positively regulate the kinase activity of TESK1." SIGNOR-260825 porfimer chemical CHEBI:60652 ChEBI FCGR1A protein P12314 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000876 2544592 t miannu "Inhibition of the high affinity Fc receptor (Fc gamma RI) on human monocytes by porphyrin photosensitization is highly specific and mediated by the generation of superoxide radicals." SIGNOR-259303 PPM1A protein P35813 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY 9606 18930133 t lperfetto "Using a functional genomic approach, we have identified two protein serine/threonine phosphatases, ppm1a and ppm1b, as ikkbeta phosphatases. Overexpression of ppm1a or ppm1b results in dephosphorylation of ikkbeta at ser177 and ser181 and termination of ikkbeta-induced nf-kappab activation" SIGNOR-181659 KCNJ11 protein Q14654 UNIPROT "KATP channel" complex SIGNOR-C274 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 28842488 t lperfetto "ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, found throughout the body, are generated as octameric complexes consisting of four pore-forming Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 subunits with four regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1 or SUR2) subunits." SIGNOR-262055 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR Skeletal_muscle_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH1 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 12244043 f azuccotti "Taken together, these results suggest that myostatin inhibits MyoD activity and expression via Smad 3 resulting in the failure of the myoblasts to differentiate into myotubes" SIGNOR-254989 SEC61A2 protein Q9H9S3 UNIPROT "SEC61 complex" complex SIGNOR-C368 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 33925740 t lperfetto "The heterotrimeric Sec61 complex of the ER membrane represents the major entry point for precursor polypeptides into the membrane or lumen of the ER" SIGNOR-267728 NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT SLIT1 protein O75093 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268906 DMTF1 protein Q9Y222 UNIPROT THBS1 protein P07996 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004532 19816943 t Luana " Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. " SIGNOR-261587 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11390973 t lperfetto "we determined the crystal structures of these two FGFR2 mutants in complex with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2).These structures demonstrate that both mutations introduce additional interactions between FGFR2 and FGF2, thereby augmenting FGFR2-FGF2 affinity." SIGNOR-86121 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT ENPP1 protein P22413 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000249 20930330 f miannu "TGF-β1 was shown to stimulate ANK and PC-1 expression in articular chondrocytes, and subsequent ePPi level, as well as to increase ePi uptake by inducing PiT-1 expression in a chondrogenic cell line." SIGNOR-252200 UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys404 VSPTGIkNEKRGTS 9606 16442531 t "We show that SOX6 is modified in vitro and in vivo by small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO) on two distinct sites. Mutation of both sites abolished SOX6 sumoylation and increased SOX6 transcriptional activity. SUMO dependent repression of SOX6 transcription was promoted by UBC9 whereas siRNA to UBC9, cotransfection of inactive UBC9 or a SUMO protease increased SOX6 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-256129 TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT HTT protein P42858 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 KLMKAFEsLKSFQQQ 9606 BTO:0000007 32757223 t "Herein, we report the discovery and validation of a kinase, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), that efficiently phosphorylates full-length and N-terminal HTT fragments in vitro (at S13/S16), in cells (at S13) and in vivo. TBK1 expression in HD models (cells, primary neurons, and Caenorhabditis elegans) increases mutant HTT exon 1 phosphorylation and reduces its aggregation and cytotoxicity." SIGNOR-270350 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr1462 GLRPRGYtISDSAPS 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "We demonstrate here that tuberin is phosphorylated on s939 and t1462 in response to pi3k activation. Our results are consistent with akt being the pi3k-depen-dent tuberin kinase. The pi3k-akt-mediated phosphorylation of tuberin would inhibit the function of the tuberin-hamartin complex." SIGNOR-183640 CNTRL protein Q7Z7A1 UNIPROT Cilium_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH64 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 18694559 f miannu "CEP290 cooperates with Rab8a to promote ciliogenesis and this function is antagonized by CP110. CP110 in this complex is to keep CEP290 inactive in growing cells until cells are ready to undergo ciliogenesis as they transit into the quiescent state" SIGNOR-252150 NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30455429 f miannu "Over-expression of NR4A3 attenuated proliferation of cancer cells and promoted apoptosis by augmenting the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, PUMA and Bax." SIGNOR-259398 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 11804592 f "in cancer" lperfetto "Oncogenic c-myc promotes cell growth and cancer development partly by inhibiting the growth inhibitory functions of smads" SIGNOR-114281 2-[(9S)-7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]-N-[8-[[2-[2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1,3-dioxoisoindol-4-yl]oxyacetyl]amino]octyl]acetamide chemical CID:121427831 PUBCHEM BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 29764999 t Monia "DBET6 induces efficient degradation of BET proteins and inhibits the proliferation of GBM cells" SIGNOR-261095 IRAK4 protein Q9NWZ3 UNIPROT PELI2 protein Q9HAT8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12860405 t gcesareni "Pellino2 is one of the firstsubstrates identified for irak1 andirak4." SIGNOR-103717 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT IL2RG protein P31785 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0000801;BTO:0000876 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000763;BTO:0001260 12704343 t milica "The type i il-4 receptors result from association of IL-4R With the common ? Chain (?c), which is also a component of the receptors for il-2, il-7, il-9, and il-15." SIGNOR-100765 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr350 EPPDHQYyNDFPGKE 9606 BTO:0000782 9710204 t gcesareni "The syk-family kinases (syk and zap-70) were able to phosphorylate the y239 and y240 sites, and less efficiently the y317 site on sch1 (iso2)." SIGNOR-59639 ADAM9 protein Q13443 UNIPROT FGFR2 protein P21802 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000007 22632802 t Giulio "Truncated FGFR2 was observed in cells transfected with wild-type ADAM9, but not in those with inactive mutant ADAM9 (Figure 5E). In line with this, cells transfected with wild-type ADAM9 showed reduced pErK1/2 in response to FGF2 as compared to controls or cells expressing mutant ADAM9.|Here we show that MT1-MMP forms a complex with FGFR2 and ADAM9 in osteoblasts and proteolytically inactivates ADAM9, hence protecting FGFR2 from ADAM9-mediated ectodomain shedding on the cell surface." SIGNOR-260300 NEK9 protein Q8TD19 UNIPROT NEK6 protein Q9HC98 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser206 SETTAAHsLVGTPYY 9606 BTO:0000007 12840024 t lperfetto "Nercc1/nek9 activates the nek6 and nek7 kinases. Nercc1 catalyzes the direct phosphorylation of prokaryotic recombinant nek6 at ser206 in vitro concomitant with 20-25-fold activation of nek6 activity." SIGNOR-102996 trimethyl-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]ammonium chemical CHEBI:94038 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258648 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT NOLC1 protein Q14978 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser623 KGEKRASsPFRRVRE -1 12167624 t miannu "PKA-dependent Nopp140 phosphorylation is important for its role in agp gene activation. both Ser627 and Ser628 are phosphorylated by PKA." SIGNOR-250020 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 15919192 t miannu "Glutamate receptor ion channels mediate excitatory responses at the majority of CNS synapses. The glutamate receptor ion channels (iGluRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain and spinal cord and mediate responses at the vast majority of excitatory synapses. Mammalian iGluRs are encoded by 18 genes that assemble to form four major families, the AMPA, kainate, NMDA and delta receptors. There are four AMPA receptor genes (GluR1‚Äì4); five kainate receptor genes (GluR5‚Äì7, plus KA1 and KA2); seven NMDA receptor genes (NR1, NR2A-D, NR3A and NR3B); and two delta subunits." SIGNOR-264696 IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT DIO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF83 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 9397972 f "inferred from family member" scontino "From the results in Figs. 1-3, it is clear that several cytokines reduce the expression of 5’-DI mRNA and enzymatic activity in FRTL-5 cells grown in TSH-containing medium. These include TNF-a, IL-lb and INF-g but not TGF-b." SIGNOR-267810 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser93 ARMMSTEsANSFTLI 9606 BTO:0002552 32187724 t lperfetto "We report that CHK2 binds to and phosphorylates Beclin 1 at Ser90/Ser93, thereby impairing Beclin 1-Bcl-2 autophagy-regulatory complex formation in a ROS-dependent fashion.|CHK2 binds to and phosphorylates Beclin 1 at Ser90/Ser93, promoting autophagy via Beclin 1 release from Bcl‐2 sequestration" SIGNOR-264556 CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000452 11696321 t miannu "We conclude that the interaction of Cdc42 with the partial CRIB motif of IRSp53 relieves an intramolecular, autoinhibitory interaction with the N terminus, allowing the recruitment of Mena to the IRSp53 SH3 domain. This IRSp53:Mena complex initiates actin filament assembly into filopodia." SIGNOR-268424 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9724739 t amattioni "Activated jnk phosphorylates p53" SIGNOR-59812 "Ub:E1 (UBA1 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C495 SIGNOR UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271312 FLT4 protein P35916 UNIPROT RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr707 KGAMAATySALNRNQ 9606 12601080 t llicata "Upon truncation of this c-terminal stretch, or mutation of the tyr-707 residue alone, autoinhibition is attenuated, and the kinase becomes constitutively active. Based on these findings we propose that phosphorylation of the tyr-707 represents a novel alternative regulatory mechanism for p90rsk activation." SIGNOR-98708 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR NFATC2 protein Q13469 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser268 VALPPGAsPQRSRSP 9606 BTO:0000567 11030334 t "NFAT1 is phosphorylated on fourteen conserved phosphoserine residues in its regulatory domain, thirteen of which are dephosphorylated upon stimulation. Dephosphorylation of all thirteen residues is required to mask a nuclear export signal (NES), cause full exposure of a nuclear localization signal (NLS), and promote transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-252342 Kindlin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF48 SIGNOR "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 29544897 t miannu "Kindlins bind with β-integrin cytoplasmic tails and execute broad biological functions including directed cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival." SIGNOR-259014 FGF5 protein P12034 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8386828 t gcesareni "Fgf-5 can bind and induce autophosphorylation of human fgf receptors (fgfr) 1 and 2." SIGNOR-38704 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270615 SNUPN protein O95149 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 9670026 t miannu "Here, we describe the isolation and cDNA cloning of a 45 kDa protein, termed snurportin1, which interacts specifically with m3G-cap but not m7G-cap structures. Snurportin1 enhances the m3G-capdependent nuclear import of U snRNPs in both Xenopus laevis oocytes and digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells, demonstrating that it functions as an snRNP-specific nuclear import receptor." SIGNOR-272082 MAPK11 protein Q15759 UNIPROT TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser139 LNSPGPLsPSGMKGT 9606 BTO:0000887 15719023 t "p38 MAPK in particular phosphorylates Ser140 of E47. Its been observed that phosphorylation of E47 improves its ability to form heterodimers with Myod transcription factor" gcesareni "Here we show that p38 mapk, whose activity is essential for myogenesis, regulates myod/e47 heterodimerization. Phosphorylation of e47 at ser140 by p38 induces myod/e47 association and activation of muscle-specific transcription, while the nonphosphorylatable e47 mutant ser140ala fails to heterodimerize with myod and displays impaired myogenic potentia" SIGNOR-134190 hydrogencarbonate smallmolecule CHEBI:17544 ChEBI "GABA-A (a4-b3-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C327 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 26136660 t miannu "The raise in the intracellular bicarbonate concentration may augment the depolarizing efflux of bicarbonate upon activation of GABAA receptors; however, both transporters also extrude chloride and thereby increase the gradient for a hyperpolarizing chloride current." SIGNOR-264925 RPS6KA4 protein O75676 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser276 SMQLRRPsDRELSEP 9606 SIGNOR-C13 17183360 t gcesareni "Rela is phosphorylated at: ser276 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac), msk1 and msk2; at ser311 by the atypical pkczeta; at ser468 by ikkbeta, ikkepsilon and glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta); at ser529 by ck2; and at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1)) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k) msk 1 and 2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as creb, atf1, the nf-kb isoform p65 and stat 1 and 3." SIGNOR-151436 vandetanib chemical CHEBI:49960 ChEBI EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258306 SIM1 protein P81133 UNIPROT AHR-ARNT complex SIGNOR-C125 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding -1 9020169 t 2 miannu "SIM1 can inhibit AHR·ARNT binding to the XRE and can inhibit expression from an XRE-driven reporter gene indicates that SIM1 may act as negative regulator of transcription as well as a positive regulator. The above inhibitory effects may result from SIM1 competing with AHR for binding to ARNT, although we cannot exclude the possibility that SIM1 may also have other inhibitory effects of AHR·ARNT activity. In a similar fashion, SIM1 may act as a negative regulator of all ARNT-dependent genes." SIGNOR-240811 NR4A1 protein P22736 UNIPROT HSD3B2 protein P26439 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0005761 15666793 f miannu "Herein we discuss the evidence that suggests a role for NURR1 (NR4A2) in the expression of CYP11B2 in the glomerulosa as well as in the dysregulation of CYP11B2 gene expression as is seen in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), a major cause of endocrine hypertension. NURR1 appears to be important for CYP11B2 transcription and is found at higher levels in glomerulosa and in APA." SIGNOR-254866 CSAD protein Q9Y600 UNIPROT "beta-alanine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57966 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22718265 t miannu "Animal glutamate decarboxylase (GDC), aspartate decarboxylase (ADC, also called aspartate Œ±-decarboxylase or aspartate 1-decarboxylase) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSADC) catalyze the decarboxylation of Œ±-carboxyl group of glutamate, aspartate and cysteine sulfinic acid to produce Œ≥-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Œ≤-alanine and hypotaurine, respectively; these amine products play important role in living organisms." SIGNOR-267549 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys70 GKAVRGAkGHHHPHP 9606 15831498 t gcesareni "Here we present evidence that smad7 interacts with the transcriptional coactivator p300, resulting in acetylation of smad7 on two lysine residues in its n terminus. Acetylation or mutation of these lysine residues stabilizes smad7 and protects it from tgfbeta-induced degradation. we have recently shown that smad7 is acetylated on lysine residues 64 and 70 by p300" SIGNOR-135473 Guanfacine chemical CHEBI:5558 ChEBI ADRA2C protein P18825 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258918 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI GRIK1 protein P39086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 27586965 t miannu "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its biological activity through a variety of receptors. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are divided into two major classes on the basis of the mechanism by which they relay their signal: the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated cation channels, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that are G protein-coupled receptors" SIGNOR-264470 NOTCH2 protein Q04721 UNIPROT TRAF6 protein Q9Y4K3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0003960 31699119 t miannu " NOTCH2 attenuated the TRAF6-AKT signaling axis via an interaction between the NOTCH2 intracellular domain (N2ICD) and TRAF6, which inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and eventually suppressed NPC metastasis." SIGNOR-265562 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ZFP36 protein P26651 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser60 RLPGRSTsLVEGRSC -1 14688255 t miannu "We confirm phosphorylation of TTP by MK2 and identify specific phosphorylation sites at Ser52, Ser105, Ser58, Ser176, Ser178, and Ser316. If MK2 regulates translation in part by TTP phosphorylation, TTP should be a repressor of translation when dephosphorylated and an activator of (or neutral to) translation when phosphorylated." SIGNOR-250155 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI FGFR4 protein P22455 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257803 COL1A1 protein P02452 UNIPROT "A2/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C160 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35267698 t lperfetto "Integrins constitute a major group of receptors for extracellular matrix components, including collagens.|Among the four types, the signaling mechanism of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins has especially been reported. These integrins bind to both collagen types I and IV; however, their affinities differ: α1β1 has a higher affinity for collagen type IV, while α2β1 preferentially binds to collagen type I [13,23]." SIGNOR-272346 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser675 QDYKKRLsVELTSSL 9606 BTO:0000007 16476742 t lperfetto "In the present study, we have shown that (i) beta-catenin can be phosphorylated by protein kinase a (pka) in vitro and in intact cells at two novel sites, ser-552 and ser-675;(ii) phosphorylation by pka promotes the transcriptional activity (tcf/lef transactivation) of beta-catenin" SIGNOR-144482 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT NUSAP1 protein Q9BXS6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr338 GNSAAVItPFKLTTE 9606 22101338 t llicata "We report here that cdk1 phosphorylates nusap at threonine 300 and 338 in early mitosis. Phosphorylation of nusap inhibits its microtubule-binding activity in vitro and in vivo." SIGNOR-177549 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT DDIT3 protein P35638 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser82 STSQSPHsPDSSQSS -1 8650547 t miannu "CHOP, a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors, mediates effects of cellular stress on growth and differentiation. It accumulates under conditions of stress and undergoes inducible phosphorylation on two adjacent serine residues (78 and 81). In vitro, CHOP is phosphorylated on these residues by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase)." SIGNOR-250096 IDH complex SIGNOR-C396 SIGNOR NADH smallmolecule CHEBI:16908 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the Œ±2Œ≤Œ≥ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into Œ±-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-268114 CCL5 protein P13501 UNIPROT CCR1 protein P32246 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10734056 t "RANTES interacts with specific cell surface receptors, which are coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G protein) to activate effectors such as phospholipase C (PLC), ion channels, phospholipase D, and protein kinase C. In addition to the CCR1 receptor, RANTES activates several members of the CC subfamily of chemokine receptors including CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5" SIGNOR-254367 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" 9606 SIGNOR-C92 17194702 t miannu "Upon the expression of myogenin, myogenin, mef2d, and brg1 localize to the myogenin promoter to maintain myogenin expression./ Swi/snf chromatin-remodeling activity is required for myogenin expression in differentiated skeletal muscle" SIGNOR-151694 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1619 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248804 P2RY11 protein Q96G91 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257173 TARS1 protein P26639 UNIPROT threonine smallmolecule CHEBI:26986 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 25824639 t miannu "Here we show, using X-ray crystal structures and functional analyses, that a single molecule of borrelidin simultaneously occupies four distinct subsites within the catalytic domain of bacterial and human ThrRSs. These include the three substrate-binding sites for amino acid, ATP and tRNA associated with aminoacylation, and a fourth 'orthogonal' subsite created as a consequence of binding." SIGNOR-270502 RAPGEF4 protein Q8WZA2 UNIPROT RAP1B protein P61224 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9534 BTO:0000298 10777494 t miannu "Epac1 (cAMP-GEFI) and Epac2 (cAMP-GEFII) are closely related guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the small GTPase Rap1, which are directly regulated by cAMP. Here we show that both GEFs efficiently activate Rap2 as well." SIGNOR-263955 TNFRSF1B protein P20333 UNIPROT TRAF1 protein Q13077 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 8069916 t gcesareni "Traf1 interacts with tnf-r2 indirectly through heterodimer formation with traf2." SIGNOR-33133 (R)-adrenaline smallmolecule CHEBI:28918 ChEBI ADRA1D protein P25100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258459 RNGTT protein O60942 UNIPROT mRNA_capping phenotype SIGNOR-PH178 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 9512541 f lperfetto "The human mRNA 5'-capping enzyme cDNA was identified. Three highly related cDNAs, HCE1 (human mRNAcappingenzyme1), HCE1A and HCE1B , were isolated from a HeLa cDNA library. The HCE1 cDNA has the longest ORF, which can encode a 69 kDa protein. A short region of 69 bp in the 3'-half of the HCE1 ORF was missing in HCE1A and HCE1B , and, additionally, HCE1B has an early translation termi" SIGNOR-268356 RELN protein P78509 UNIPROT Synaptic_plasticity phenotype SIGNOR-PH158 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 17584923 f Luana "Reln, encoding an extracellular signaling molecule essential for neuronal lamination and synaptic plasticity" SIGNOR-265772 MRPS21 protein P82921 UNIPROT "28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C266 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25838379 t miannu "The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. . We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins." SIGNOR-261486 ILK protein Q13418 UNIPROT NACA protein Q13765 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser43 PELEEQDsTQATTQQ 9606 15299025 t lperfetto "Ilk phosphorylated alpha-nac on residue ser-43. Ilk-dependent phosphorylation of alpha-nac induced the nuclear accumulation of the coactivator and that phosphorylation of alpha-nac by ilk is required for the potentiation of c-jun-mediated responses by the kinase." SIGNOR-127694 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782;BTO:0001271 18174237 t gcesareni "Constitutive activation of the c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) pathway in sup-t1 cells promoted phosphorylation and degradation of bimel via the proteosome." SIGNOR-160326 SATB1 protein Q01826 UNIPROT NUMB protein P49757 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000725 23563689 f miannu "Satb1 simultaneously repressed sets of genes encoding molecules involved in HSC activation and cellular polarity, including Numb and Myc" SIGNOR-224835 COL4A1 protein P02462 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35267698 t lperfetto "Integrins constitute a major group of receptors for extracellular matrix components, including collagens.|Among the four types, the signaling mechanism of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins has especially been reported. These integrins bind to both collagen types I and IV; however, their affinities differ: α1β1 has a higher affinity for collagen type IV, while α2β1 preferentially binds to collagen type I [13,23]." SIGNOR-272353 PRCP protein P42785 UNIPROT POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 20694162 f miannu "Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) was found to be responsible for the control of food intake and energy expenditure at a central level. The molecular mechanisms underlying the suppression of food intake in PRCP-deficient mice or by the inhibitor of PRCP clearly provide physiological evidence that PRCP is an inactivator of α-MSH" SIGNOR-252372 ACSS1 protein Q9NUB1 UNIPROT acetyl-CoA(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57288 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 10843999 t lperfetto "The gene encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), the cytosolic enzyme that activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. |The recombinant enzyme produced acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that required ATP." SIGNOR-271829 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT DBF4 protein Q9UBU7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr449 DDIRQNFtQLPLHKN 9606 22123827 t lperfetto "Dbf4/cdc7 (dbf4-dependent kinase (ddk)) is activated at the onset of s-phase, and its kinase activity is required for dna replication initiation from each origin. We identified novel atm/atr phosphorylation sites on dbf4 and showed that atm/atr-mediated phosphorylation of dbf4 is critical for the intra-s-phase checkpoint to inhibit dna replication." SIGNOR-177813 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT IFNG protein P01579 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 21628332 f lperfetto "SOCS1 inhibits macrophage responses to IFN-g, and SOCS1-deficient mice develop symptoms of severe systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disease." SIGNOR-249571 ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT SHC3 protein Q92529 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 16829981 t gcesareni "Like erbb1, erbb4 recruits grb2, shc and stat5." SIGNOR-147850 CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT BCR-Ml complex SIGNOR-C434 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "BCR consists of a pair of identical immunoglob- ulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains. though membrane BCR per se is not able to transduce downstream signaling, it does so by making BCR complex with CD79. The extracellular portion of the BCR is non-covalently coupled to a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the CD79A and CD79B. This association allows expression of BCR on the plasma membrane and BCR internalization after antigen recognition." SIGNOR-268193 CBX4 protein O00257 UNIPROT ZEB2 protein O60315 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" sumoylation Lys866 PLNLTFIkKEFSNSN 9534 BTO:0001538 16061479 t Luisa "Pc2 can act directly as an E3 ligase for SIP1 sumoylation.SIP1 sumoylation having a negative effect on its repression of E-cadherin transcription." SIGNOR-269113 TLE1 protein Q04724 UNIPROT SIX6 protein O95475 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 12441302 t lperfetto "Biochemical and mutational analysis shows that the Six domain of both SIX3 and SIX6 strongly interact with the QD domain of TLE1 and AES. TLE1 over-expression induces an enlargement of the eye field and reinforcesSIX3/SIX6 capability of initiating retina formation" SIGNOR-234592 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT EIF2B4 protein Q9UI10 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Akt also promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating gsk3b, thus releasing the gsk3b-dependent inhibition of the eukariotic translation initiation factor 2b (eif2b)." SIGNOR-175572 PGAM2 protein P15259 UNIPROT 3-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58272 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24786789 t miannu "Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG; ref. 4). Human genome contains two PGAM genes, PGAM1 (also known as PGAM-B), which is expressed in brain and most other tissues, and PGAM2 (also known as PGAM-M), which is highly expressed in muscle." SIGNOR-266512 GARS1 protein P41250 UNIPROT alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA smallmolecule CHEBI:2651 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA." SIGNOR-270804 ETV6 protein P41212 UNIPROT HBA1 protein P69905 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15958056 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "Upon erythropoietin exposure, overexpressed TEL stimulated hemoglobin synthesis" SIGNOR-251794 PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr505 FTATEGQyQPQP 9606 11259588 t "Importantly, and in disagreement with the model that CD45 only activates Lck in vivo, the kinase activity of Lck from cells lacking CD45 was substantially increased. These results support a model in which CD45 dephosphorylates both Tyr505 and Tyr394, the net effect in normal thymocytes being a decrease in enzymatic activity" SIGNOR-248350 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 22298955 t "Create a non-functional complex with smad4 and competes with R-smad." lperfetto "On the other hand, Smad6 competes with R-Smad and forms a non-functional complex with Smad4, which will inhibit BMP signaling in bone formation. Smad6 is involved in a negative feedback loop regulating BMP signaling and is required to limit BMP signaling during endochondral bone formation." SIGNOR-195648 AMOT protein Q4VCS5 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 21205866 t gcesareni "Our results indicate a potential tumor-suppressing role of AMOT family proteins as components of the Hippo pathway, and demonstrate a novel mechanism of YAP and TAZ inhibition by AMOT-mediated tight junction localization. These observations provide a potential link between the Hippo pathway and cell contact inhibition." SIGNOR-201135 MAP3K3 protein Q99759 UNIPROT MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000298 9162092 t lperfetto "These data indicate that mkk3 is preferentially activated by mekk3, whereas mkk4 is activated both by mekk2 and mekk3." SIGNOR-48628 "2-oxoglutaric acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:30915 ChEBI OXGR1 protein Q96P68 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257555 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser38 QVSSLSEsEESQDSS 9606 20730097 t lperfetto "These data suggested that atf1 is always hyperphosphorylated on the ck sites in vivo. Also, the antibody reactivity suggested that in addition to ser-36 and ser-41, ser-38 and ser-44 were phosphorylated in vivo. To accommodate these findings, we propose that constitutive hyperphosphorylation by ck1/ck2 maintains atf1 in an inactive state that promotes transcriptional repression." SIGNOR-167548 COL4A3 protein Q01955 UNIPROT "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 35267698 t lperfetto "Integrins constitute a major group of receptors for extracellular matrix components, including collagens.|Among the four types, the signaling mechanism of α1β1 and α2β1 integrins has especially been reported. These integrins bind to both collagen types I and IV; however, their affinities differ: α1β1 has a higher affinity for collagen type IV, while α2β1 preferentially binds to collagen type I [13,23]." SIGNOR-272351 DLGAP2 protein Q9P1A6 UNIPROT SHANK2 protein Q9UPX8 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 t miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function. SAPAP proteins subsequently bind to the PDZ domain of members of the SHANK protein family. SHANK proteins then bind to the actin cytoskeleton and to Homer protein, which in turn interacts with mGluRs. Through these extended links, PSD95, SAPAP, SHANK and Homer proteins form a quaternary complex that brings together mGluR and NMDAR complexes in the PSD (FIG. 3)." SIGNOR-264590 DIO1 protein P49895 UNIPROT iodide smallmolecule CHEBI:16382 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34674502 t scontino "Three different deiodinases have been described: iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1), DIO2, and DIO3. Deiodination is the first step in the activation/inactivation process of THs and involves the removal of removes one iodine atom from the outer tyrosyl ring of T4 to produce T3." SIGNOR-266954 ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT LCP2 protein Q13094 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr113 SSFEEDDyESPNDDQ 9606 9047237 t lperfetto "Zap-70 phosphorylates slp-76 at specific sites that allow vav sh2 domain bindingwe also show by in vitro and in vivo analysis that two slp-76 pyesp motifs (y113 and y128) mediate binding, the first being more efficient." SIGNOR-46855 "Set1-Ash2 HMT complex" complex SIGNOR-C352 SIGNOR H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 12670868 t miannu "The Set1/Ash2 HMT methylates histone H3 at Lys 4 (K4), but not if the neighboring K9 residue is already methylated." SIGNOR-264483 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation 9606 21440011 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FoxOs by Akt inhibits transcriptional functions of FoxOs and contributes to cell survival, growth and proliferation.The PI3K/Akt signaling regulates cell proliferation and survival in part by phosphorylating FoxOs to promote their interaction with 14-3-3 protein that results in nuclear exclusion and eventual ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP)-dependent degradation of FoxOs" SIGNOR-252858 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT ATRIP protein Q8WXE1 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser72 TLASQALsQCPAAAR 9606 15451423 t lperfetto "When dna is damaged, the atr-atrip complex is recruited to chromatin and is activated to transduce the checkpoint signal, but the precise kinase activation mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that atrip is phosphorylated in an atr-dependent manner after genotoxic stimuli. The serine 68 and 72 residues are important for the phosphorylation in vivo and are required exclusively for direct modification by atr in vitro." SIGNOR-129473 SLBP protein Q14493 UNIPROT H2AC1 protein Q96QV6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "translation regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938 19155325 t lperfetto "Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control." SIGNOR-265401 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT RCAN1 protein P53805 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser163 PDKQFLIsPPASPPV 10090 BTO:0000165 12063245 t lperfetto "Consensus phosphorylation sites for p42/44 MAPK and GSK-3 are present in the SP repeat of MCIP1 at serine 112 and serine 108, respectively |Several endogenous proteins are capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of calcineurin. Modulatory calcineurin interacting protein 1 (MCIP1) is unique among these proteins on the basis of its pattern of expression and its function in a negative feedback loop to regulate calcineurin activity. Here we show that MCIP1 can be phosphorylated by MAPK and glycogen synthase kinase-3 and that phosphorylated MCIP1 is a substrate for calcineurin." SIGNOR-249359 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT RARA protein P10276 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 1310351 t gcesareni "Here we report that the transcriptional activity of rar and rxr can be reciprocally modulated by direct interactions between the two proteins" SIGNOR-16674 N protein P0DTC9 UNIPROT G3BP1 protein Q13283 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 32353859 t miannu "N targets stress granule protein G3BP1, an essential antiviral protein which is known to induce innate immune response through multiple mechanisms" SIGNOR-260749 pirenzepine chemical CHEBI:8247 ChEBI CHRM3 protein P20309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 2704370 t miannu "In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of the individual muscarinic receptors, we have transfected each of these genes into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and have established stable cell lines expressing each receptor. In the present study we have examined the antagonist binding properties of each muscarinic receptor. Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, dicyclomine, hexohydrodifenidol, hexahydrosiladifenidol, hexocyclium, and silahexocyclium." SIGNOR-258395 CHD8 protein Q9HCK8 UNIPROT NEUROD4 protein Q9HD90 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 32839322 t Gianni "Many of the most significantly up-regulated genes in Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs are involved in later stages of neuronal development, including Ascl1 [a central driver of neural reprogramming (29)], Dcx, Map2, Nefm, Neurod4, and Neurog1 (Fig. 2 E and F). Additionally, we found that Sox3 is derepressed in both Chd8+/− and Chd8−/− NPCs, and several other Sox TF members (Sox2, Sox7, and Sox11) became derepressed in the Chd8−/− cells" SIGNOR-268918 TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT AMFR protein Q9UKV5 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 24810856 t miannu "We further demonstrate that TRIM25 ubiquitylates gp78 and that overexpression of TRIM25 accelerates the degradation of gp78. Our data suggest that TRIM25 not only cooperates with gp78 in polyubiquitylation of AMF but also gauges the steady-state level of gp78. " SIGNOR-272176 "a7/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C126 SIGNOR Cell_adhesion phenotype SIGNOR-PH7 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25388208 f miannu "Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is important for development, immune responses, hemostasis and wound healing." SIGNOR-269007 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr382 EFDTNYAtDDDIVFE -1 11877451 t llicata "We found that arrestin-3 is constitutively phosphorylated at Thr-382 and becomes dephosphorylated upon beta(2)-adrenergic receptor activation in COS-1 cells. Casein kinase II (CKII) appears to be the major kinase mediating arrestin-3 phosphorylation, since 1) Thr-382 is contained within a canonical consensus sequence for CKII phosphorylation and 2) wild type arrestin-3 but not a T382A mutant is phosphorylated by CKII in vitro. | However, additional analysis reveals that arrestin-3 phosphorylation may regulate formation of a large arrestin-3-containing protein complex." SIGNOR-250977 EGR1 protein P18146 UNIPROT COL11A1 protein P12107 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21931594 f Regulation miannu "Egr-1 induced a time-dependent ECM gene expression program, with the number of ECM genes increasing >2.5-fold (from 16 to 41) between 24 and 48 h. Genes in this group include those coding for multiple collagens (COL4A1, COL4A2, COL11A1, COL7A1, COL10A1)" SIGNOR-251919 KLKB1 protein P03952 UNIPROT HGF protein P14210 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg494 CAKTKQLrVVNGIPT -1 12372819 t miannu "the ability of plasma kallikrein and FXIa to activate pro-HGF in vitro raises the possibility that mediators of inflammation and blood coagulation may also regulate processes that involve the HGF/c-Met pathway, such as tissue repair and angiogenesis.Unlike other known activators, both FXIa and kallikrein processed pro-HGF by cleavage at two sites. Using N-terminal sequencing they were identified as the normal cleavage site Arg(494)-Val(495) and the novel site Arg(424)-His(425) located in the K4 domain of the alpha-chain." SIGNOR-256512 taurine smallmolecule CHEBI:15891 ChEBI GlyR proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF62 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9009272 t "inferred from family member" miannu "For each mutant GlyR we examined the agonist efficacies of taurine and beta-alanine relative to glycine, the concentration of each agonist required for half-maximal current activation (EC50) and, in mutant GlyRs where beta-alanine and taurine exhibited partial or no agonist efficacy, the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of glycine-gated currents (IC50).experiments described in this report were performed on human alpha-1 homomeric GlyRs recombinantly expressed in mammalian HEK 293 cells. Taurine and beta-alanine act as full agonists of huma nalpha-1 GlyRs when expressed in this system." SIGNOR-267793 CTSL protein P07711 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly58 RYLYQWLgAPVPYPD -1 9076588 t miannu "This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42." SIGNOR-256321 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT ACP1 protein P24666 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr133 LIIEDPYyGNDSDFE 9534 BTO:0004055 9038134 t "We identify Tyr-131 as the major phosphorylation site and Tyr-132 as a minor site and the Src family PTKs Lck and Fyn as enzymes capable of phosphorylating these sites in vivo and in vitro. Both Tyr-131 and Tyr-132 are located next to the catalytic pocket of LMPTP, and especially, Tyr-131 seems to be important for the activity of LMPTP. Phosphorylation of Tyr-131 or Tyr-132, particularly the former, caused an increase in the activity of LMPTP." SIGNOR-251150 CD19 protein P15391 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 25673924 t lperfetto "CD19 has an extracellular region containing two C2-type Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic region of ~240 amino acids with 9 conserved tyrosine residues24. Lyn, a Src-family protein tyrosine kinase member, is the dominant kinase that phosphorylates CD19 upon stimulation. Once tyrosyl-phosphorylated, CD19 serves as a membrane-bound adaptor protein for Src homology 2-containing signaling molecules such as Lyn, Vav, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which further mediate downstream activation cascades." SIGNOR-242900 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser181 DQGSLCTsFVGTLQY -1 10022904 t llicata "Our data indicate that IKKα stimulates IKKβ kinase activity for the IκBα substrate. Finally, we demonstrate that IKKα can phosphorylate IKKβ in in vitro kinase assays." SIGNOR-250772 HRH2 protein P25021 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257317 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0001271 17904548 f miannu "Grb2 mediates c-kit degradation through recruitment of cbl to c-kit, leading to ubiquitination of c-kit followed by internalization and degradation" SIGNOR-157956 PFK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF79 SIGNOR "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the rate-limiting, ATP-mediated phosphorylation of F6P to FBP. PFK is a homo- or heterotetramer with a molecular mass of approximately 380 kDa, and the enzyme is allosterically regulated, among other metabolites, by 2,3-DPG.35." SIGNOR-266470 "COP9 signalosome variant 1" complex SIGNOR-C489 SIGNOR "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 26497135 t miannu "The COP9 signalosome (CSN) and the proteasomal LID are conserved macromolecular complexes composed of at least eight subunits with molecular weights of approximately 350 kDa. CSN and LID are part of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and cleave isopeptide linkages of lysine side chains on target proteins. CSN cleaves the isopeptide bond of ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from cullins, whereas the LID cleaves ubiquitin from target proteins sentenced for degradation. The evolutionary conserved ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) mediates degradation of intracellular proteins in all eukaryotes. This essential process requires three protein complexes: E3 ubiquitin ligases as e.g., cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), CSN and the 26S proteasome." SIGNOR-270795 RNF123 protein Q5XPI4 UNIPROT CBX5 protein P45973 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 23077635 t miannu "In the present study, we report that HP1α and β undergo proteasomal degradation in lamin A/C knock-down cells and show by ectopic expression, RNAi and binding studies that the RING finger ubiquitin ligase RNF123 is directly involved in HP1 degradation." SIGNOR-272035 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 BTO:0000527 16740698 t miannu "Serine phosphorylation and maximal activation of stat3 during cntf signaling is mediated by the rapamycin target mtor. / a stat3 peptide was efficiently phosphorylated on ser727 in a cntf-dependent manner by mtor" SIGNOR-146915 MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT NKX6-1 protein P78426 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17149590 f miannu "the expression of important beta cell genes, e.g. those encoding solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (formerly known as GLUT2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1), NK6 transcription factor-related, locus 1 (NKX6-1), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PCSK1) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), was regulated positively by MAFA and negatively by DN-MAFA." SIGNOR-254564 MCHR1 protein Q99705 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257302 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF225 protein M0QZC1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271261 "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR Platelet_dense_granule_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH181 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000132 12019270 f lperfetto "BLOC-1, a novel complex containing the pallidin and muted proteins involved in the biogenesis of melanosomes and platelet-dense granules|Interestingly, immunofluorescence and in vitro binding experiments demonstrated that pallidin/BLOC-1 is able to associate with actin filaments. We propose that BLOC-1 mediates the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles by a mechanism that may involve self-assembly and interaction with the actin cytoskeleton." SIGNOR-265942 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu79 EDSDKTNeFWNKYKD -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263674 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser519 SGYSSPGsPGTPGSR 9606 BTO:0000590 10737616 t lperfetto "Using nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry, we have undertaken an extensive comparison of phosphorylation in vitro by several candidate tau kinases, namely, JNK, p38, ERK2, and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). Between 10 and 15 sites were identified for each kinase. The three MAP kinases phosphorylated Ser202 and Thr205 but not detectably Ser199, whereas conversely GSK3beta phosphorylated Ser199 but not detectably Ser202 or Thr205. Phosphorylated Ser404 was found with all of these kinases except JNK. The MAP kinases may not be strictly proline specific: p38 phosphorylated the nonproline sites Ser185, Thr245, Ser305, and Ser356, whereas ERK2 was the most strict. All of the sites detected except Thr245 and Ser305 are known or suspected phosphorylation sites in paired helical filament-tau extracted from Alzheimer brains. Thus, the three MAP kinases and GSK3beta are importantly all strong candidates as tau kinases that may be involved in the pathogenic hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease." SIGNOR-249416 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr708 NIHLEKKyVRRDSGF 9606 BTO:0001271 15297464 t lperfetto "Csf-1r homodimerizes and autophosphorylates on six tyrosines in the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor. Tyr807 is located in the activation loop of the kinase domain (9) and its phosphorylation is important for kinase activity (10). The remaining tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins containing src homology 2 (sh2) binding domains. Three sites are found in the ki: grb2/mona (tyr697) (11, 12), p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (tyr721) (13), and stat1 (tyr706) (14), the c-cbl binding site is in the cooh terminus (tyr974) (15, 16), and the src family kinase (sfk) binding site is in the jmd (y559) (17). These molecules further propagate the csf-1 signal through activation of ras/erk, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt, and stat proteins." SIGNOR-127540 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT 9606 10737616 t lperfetto "Using nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry, we have undertaken an extensive comparison of phosphorylation in vitro by several candidate tau kinases, namely, JNK, p38, ERK2, and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). Between 10 and 15 sites were identified for each kinase. The three MAP kinases phosphorylated Ser202 and Thr205 but not detectably Ser199, whereas conversely GSK3beta phosphorylated Ser199 but not detectably Ser202 or Thr205. Phosphorylated Ser404 was found with all of these kinases except JNK. The MAP kinases may not be strictly proline specific: p38 phosphorylated the nonproline sites Ser185, Thr245, Ser305, and Ser356, whereas ERK2 was the most strict. All of the sites detected except Thr245 and Ser305 are known or suspected phosphorylation sites in paired helical filament-tau extracted from Alzheimer brains. Thus, the three MAP kinases and GSK3beta are importantly all strong candidates as tau kinases that may be involved in the pathogenic hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease." SIGNOR-249417 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser9 STRSVSSsSYRRMFG -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248876 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT BLNK protein Q8WV28 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr96 EENADDSyEPPPVEQ 9606 12456653 t llicata "The phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues not only amplifies plcgamma-mediated signaling but also supports 'cis'-mediated interaction between distinct signaling effectors within a large molecular complex." SIGNOR-96052 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT RPS6KB2 protein Q9UBS0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 SIGNOR-C3 17510057 t gcesareni "In response to insulin and nutrients, mtorc1, consisting of mtor, raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mtor), and mlst8, is activated and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4e-binding protein (4ebp) and p70 s6 kinase to promote protein synthesis and cell size." SIGNOR-154821 HTR6 protein P50406 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256801 GABRB1 protein P18505 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263766 HEXIM1 protein O94992 UNIPROT P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 18371977 t miannu "Studies show that more than half of P-TEFb in cells is associated with HEXIM1, which results in the inactivation of P-TEFb. The mislocalization of HEXIM1 and the increased P-TEFb-dependent transcription caused by NPMc+ suggests that the misregulated activity of PTEFb may contribute to the tumorigenesis of NPMc+ AML." SIGNOR-260135 KLHL17 protein Q6TDP4 UNIPROT GRIK2 protein Q13002 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9534 BTO:0000298 17062563 t miannu "Here, we report that actinfilin is able to bind to GluR6, a kainate-type glutamate receptor subunit, and target GluR6 for degradation. Like many members of its protein family, actinfilin acts as a substrate adaptor, binding Cullin 3 (Cul3) and linking GluR6 to the E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex. Together our data demonstrate that actinfilin acts as a scaffold, linking GluR6 to the Cul3 ubiquitin ligase to provide a novel mechanism for kainate receptor degradation." SIGNOR-271612 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT PA2G4 protein Q9UQ80 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr366 QSSASRKtQKKKKKK 9606 11325528 t lperfetto "We found that Ebp1 was basally phosphorylated in AU565 breast cancer cells on serine/threonine residues and that this phosphorylation was enhanced by heregulin treatment. Both serine and threonine residues of a GST-Ebp1 fusion protein were phosphorylated by PKC in vitro. In vivo, we demonstrated that basal Ebp1 phosphorylation was dependent upon PKC." SIGNOR-249093 XRCC6 protein P12956 UNIPROT PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 19133841 t gcesareni "Ku and dna-pkcs only interact in the presence of dna and recruitment of dna-pkcs to sites of dna damage in vivo is ku-dependent. Inward translocation of ku allows dna-pkcs to interact with the extreme termini of the dna, allowing two dna-pkcs molecules to interact across the dsb in a so-called synaptic complex . This interaction stimulates the kinase activity of dna-pkcs, promoting phosphorylation in trans across the dsb (discussed in more detail below). Once assembled at the dna ends, the dna-pkcs-ku-dsb complex serves to tether the ends of the dsb together and protects the dna ends from nuclease attack." SIGNOR-183276 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser727 NTIDLPMsPRTLDSL 9606 19723038 t gcesareni "The activation of stat-3 is regulated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 by receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases these include epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) kinase,92 src,5 janus-activated kinases (jak), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)a constitutively active galpha16 mutant, galpha16ql, stimulated stat3-dependent luciferase activity as well as the phosphorylation of stat3 at both tyr705 and ser727. Galpha16ql-induced stat3 activation was enhanced by overexpression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1" SIGNOR-187779 KMT2A protein Q03164 UNIPROT "MLL1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C89 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24680668 t miannu "The mixed lineage leukemia-1 (mll1) enzyme is a histone h3 lysine 4 (h3k4) monomethyltransferase and has served as a paradigm for understanding the mechanism of action of the human set1 family of enzymes that include mll1_Mll4 and setd1a,b. Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal core complex that is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-204813 RHEB protein Q15382 UNIPROT mTORC1 complex SIGNOR-C3 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000011 19299511 t lperfetto "These results suggest that Rheb induces alteration in the binding of 4E-BP1 with mTORC1 to regulate mTORC1 activation." SIGNOR-235355 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT KDM2B protein Q8NHM5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 32938217 t SaraGualdi "To this end, we confirm that KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM62 are direct targets of HIF-1a while extent the list of known targets to KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM4D, KDM5A, and KDM6A. The results demonstrated that majority of the KDMs were similarly induced (KDM2A, KDM2B, KDM3A, KDM4B, KDM4C, KDM4D, KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM6B, and KDM7A) or repressed (KDM NO66 and KDM1A) by both HIF-1a and HIF-2a." SIGNOR-271567 TRIM33 protein Q9UPN9 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 25639486 t Luana "Tumour suppressor TRIM33 targets nuclear β-catenin degradation" SIGNOR-260896 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT REL protein Q04864 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000782 10823840 f miannu "C-rel emerges as the main nf-kb family member stimulated by tnf_ in the context of physiologic activation of resting t cells." SIGNOR-77547 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser130 SGEQAEGsPGGPGDS 9606 19364816 t gcesareni "Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2-dependent phosphorylation induces cytoplasmic localization and degradation of p21cip1.|Phosphopeptide analysis of in vitro ERK2-phosphorylated p21(Cip1) revealed two phosphorylation sites, Thr57 and Ser130." SIGNOR-185215 MMP24 protein Q9Y5R2 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272368 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr93 GHITTTPtPTQFLCP 9606 BTO:0000848 21177766 t lperfetto "P21-activated protein kinase (pak2)-mediated c-jun phosphorylation at 5 threonine sites promotes cell transformationour data showed that pak2 binds and phosphorylates c-jun at five threonine sites (thr2, thr8, thr89, thr93 and thr286)" SIGNOR-170776 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr730 DMKPGVSyVVPTKAD -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254710 IKBKE protein Q14164 UNIPROT IRF3 protein Q14653 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser398 VDLHISNsHPLSLTS -1 18440553 t lperfetto "Virus-induced phosphoactivation of irf-3, thought to be mediated directly or indirectly by ikk? And/or tbk1 occurs in the c-terminal region of irf-3 at seven ser/thr residues, 385sslentvdlhisnshplslts405 (fig. 1a).Within This region, irf-3 has two phosphorylation sites: site 1 includes ser385 and ser386, whereas site 2 includes ser396, ser398, ser402, ser405, and thr404." SIGNOR-178375 PIAS1 protein O75925 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" sumoylation Lys276 NVVYRDLkLENLMLD 10090 BTO:0002572 23884910 t gcesareni "Although multiple sites on Akt could be SUMOylated, K276 was identified as a major SUMO acceptor site. K276R or E278A mutation reduced SUMOylation of Akt but had little effect on its ubiquitination. Strikingly, these mutations also completely abolished Akt kinase activity. In support of these results, we found that expression of PIAS1 and SUMO1 increased Akt activity, whereas expression of SENP1 reduced Akt1 activity." SIGNOR-252737 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT BGLAP protein P02818 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation 9606 31226734 t lperfetto "Thus, vitamin K acts as a cofactor for GGCX via the vitamin K cycle and exerts physiological effects through its regulation of VKDPs [29]. More than 20 VKDPs have been found. Osteocalcin promotes bone formation, and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activate blood coagulation. Matrix Gla protein suppresses cardiovascular calcification, and brain-expressed Gas 6 promotes neural differentiation [29]. GGCX is an enzyme that converts glutamic acid (Glu) residues to Gla residues, so that the Gla-containing proteins can exert various physiological actions such as blood coagulation and bone formation." SIGNOR-265922 7-Hydroxystaurosporine chemical CID:72271 PUBCHEM CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20068082 t gcesareni "The clinical use of ucn-01, the first chk1 inhibitor evaluated in humans, is limited by its prolonged plasma half-life due to extensive plasma binding to alfa1 acidic glycoprotein" SIGNOR-163222 "Survival Factors" stimulus SIGNOR-ST8 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 9346240 f lperfetto "Akt Phosphorylation of BAD Couples Survival Signals to the Cell-Intrinsic Death MachineryAkt phosphorylates BAD in vitro and in vivo, and blocks the BAD-induced death of primary neurons in a site-specific manner." SIGNOR-209693 CLOCK protein O15516 UNIPROT PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 22750052 f "Mammalian clocks are primarily based on a transcription and translation feedback loop in which a heterodimeric complex of the transcription factors CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) activates the expression of its own repressors, the period (PER1-3) and cryptochrome (CRY1,2) proteins." SIGNOR-253634 "(1R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-2,2-dioxo-2$l^{6}-thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid" chemical CHEBI:94640 ChEBI GRM2 protein Q14416 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193728 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI PCK1 protein P35558 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17909097 f gcesareni "In this study, we found that metformin increased shp gene expression via ampk activation and inhibited the expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic genes pepck and g6pase via upregulation of shp." SIGNOR-158062 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 PMSSHLQsPPHAPSS 9606 BTO:0000876 14701740 t lperfetto "Ccaat/enhancer-binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) is one of the key transcription factors that mediate lineage specification and differentiation of multipotent myeloid progenitors into mature granulocytes.Here we report that inducers of monocyte differentiation inhibit the alternate cell fate choice, that of granulopoiesis, through inhibition of c/ebpalpha. This inhibition is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and/or 2 (erk1/2), which interact with c/ebpalpha through an fxfp docking site and phosphorylate serine 21." SIGNOR-120570 MTNR1B protein P49286 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257102 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT UGT1A9 protein O60656 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000195 15044625 t "Using gel shift and functional assays, HNF1alpha was demonstrated to bind to and activate the UGT1A8, -1A9, and -1A10 promoters. In contrast, Cdx2 bound to and activated the UGT1A8 and -1A10 promoters but could not activate the UGT1A9 promoter." SIGNOR-253973 SLC16A2 protein P36021 UNIPROT 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine smallmolecule CHEBI:28774 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 28153798 t scontino "T4 and T3 are released from the thyroid cell through transporters present at the basolateral plasma membrane of thyrocytes (Fig. 1). The most important transporter known to be responsible for thyroid hormone transport is the SLC16A2 monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), which can promote both uptake and efflux of TH and is involved in the release of TH from the thyroid gland." SIGNOR-267139 PAX8 protein Q06710 UNIPROT TPO protein P07202 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001073 27347897 t scontino "TSH regulates TPO expression through the cAMP pathway and acts with thyroid-specific transcription factors such as TTF-1, TTF-2 and Pax-8." SIGNOR-267277 sertindole chemical CHEBI:9122 ChEBI HTR1B protein P28222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10116 BTO:0001311 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258545 SKP2 protein Q13309 UNIPROT MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" ubiquitination 9606 SIGNOR-C136 20852628 t gcesareni "The F-box protein Skp2 mediates c-Myc ubiquitylation by binding to the MB2 domain" SIGNOR-243548 FSCN1 protein Q16658 UNIPROT Actin_cytoskeleton_reorganization phenotype SIGNOR-PH84 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000526 21706053 f miannu "Plexin-B3 interacts with the actin-binding protein fascin-1. The present finding suggests fascin-1 as a potential effector of plexin-B3 to mediate the signal of Sema5A in glioma cells.Sema5A and plexin-B3 remodel F-actin cytoskeleton and induce fascin-1 translocation in glioma cells." SIGNOR-268375 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys28 LATKAARkSAPSTGG 9606 21131905 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "These results highlight the substrate and site specificities of hats in cells, demonstrate the distinct roles of gcn5/pcaf- and cbp/p300-mediated histone acetylations in gene activation, and suggest an important role of cbp/p300-mediated h3k18/27ac in nr-dependent transcription." SIGNOR-217214 SH3GLB1 protein Q9Y371 UNIPROT BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21311563 t gcesareni "Bif-1 forms a complex with beclin1 through uvrag and promotes the activation of the class iii pi3 kinase, vps34, in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-171899 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT RGS16 protein O15492 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr177 RFLKSPAyRDLAAQA 9606 11602604 t lperfetto "Rgs16 contains two conserved tyrosine residues in the rgs box, tyr(168) and tyr(177), which are predicted sites of phosphorylation. Rgs16 underwent phosphorylation in response to m2 muscarinic receptor or egfr stimulation in hek 293t or cos-7 cells, which required egfr kinase activity. Mutational analysis suggested that rgs16 was phosphorylated on both tyrosine residues (tyr(168) tyr(177)) after egf stimulation.Phosphorylated rgs16 demonstrated enhanced gtpase accelerating (gap) activity on galpha(i). Mutation of tyr(168) to phenylalanine resulted in a 30% diminution in rgs16 gap activity mutation of tyr(177) to phenylalanine had no effect on rgs16 gap activity but also abolished its regulation of g(i)-mediated signal transduction in these cells." SIGNOR-111024 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11158290 t lperfetto "Ikkbeta phosphorylates p105 resulting in its degradation, which releases tpl2 resulting in activation of the pro-proliferative map kinase- pathway." SIGNOR-217403 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT AFP protein P02771 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 11314020 f miannu "We investigated AFP gene regulation in AFP-GC by an active transcription factor, HNF1 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1) and a repressive transcription factor, ATBF1 (AT motif binding factor 1). CAT assays showed the direct inhibition of AFP gene expression by ATBF1." SIGNOR-254435 MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr522 SSPGSPGtPGSRSRT -1 9199504 t miannu "Phosphorylation of tau by SAPK3 and SAPK4 markedly reduced the ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly. SAPK3 (also called ERK6 and p38) and SAPK4 phosphorylate recombinant tau protein at multiple Ser/Thr-Pro sites that are hyperphosphorylated in PHF-tau, with SAPK4 and SAPK3 being the most effective." SIGNOR-250087 CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Asp387 QPPSLVVdSRDAGIC 9606 BTO:0005111 32122970 t miannu "We show that LUBAC interacted with caspase-1 via HOIP and modified its CARD domain with linear polyubiquitin and that depletion of HOIP or Sharpin resulted in heightened caspase-1 activation and cell death in response to inflammasome activation, unlike what is observed in macrophages. Reciprocally, caspase-1, as well as caspase-8, regulated LUBAC activity by proteolytically processing HOIP at Asp-348 and Asp-387 during the execution of cell death." SIGNOR-272193 MACROD2 protein A1Z1Q3 UNIPROT 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:83767 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32257385 t miannu "MACROD2 is a protein-coding gene located at a fragile site on human chromosome 20. The MACROD2 protein is a deacetylase involved in the removal of ADP-ribose from mono-ADP-ribosylated proteins" SIGNOR-269839 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT Gln-tRNA(Gln) smallmolecule CHEBI:29166 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269510 COL4A3 protein Q01955 UNIPROT ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 12778132 t "Type IV collagen is the most abundant Type IV collagen is the most abundant constituent of the BM…All of the type IV collagen in mammals is derived from six genetically distinct alpha-chain polypeptides (alpha1-alpha6)" SIGNOR-254667 CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256878 TOMM20 protein Q15388 UNIPROT "TOM40 complex" complex SIGNOR-C421 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18331822 t lperfetto "The fungal preprotein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex) comprises import receptors Tom70, Tom20, and Tom22, import channel Tom40, and small Tom proteins Tom5, Tom6, and Tom7, which regulate TOM complex assembly. These components are conserved in mammals; unlike the other components, however, Tom5 and Tom6 remain unidentified in mammals. We immuno-isolated the TOM complex from HeLa cells expressing hTom22-FLAG and identified the human counterparts of Tom5 and Tom6, together with the other components including Tom7. These small Tom proteins are associated with Tom40 in the TOM complex." SIGNOR-267678 miR-495 mirna URS000075C517_9606 RNAcentral Proliferation phenotype SIGNOR-PH4 SIGNOR down-regulates 9606 19219026 t Luana "Here we report that the c-Myc (hereafter referred to as Myc) oncogenic transcription factor, which is known to regulate microRNAs and stimulate cell proliferation, transcriptionally represses miR-23a and miR-23b, resulting in greater expression of their target protein, mitochondrial glutaminase, in human P-493 B lymphoma cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. " SIGNOR-268044 KLHL3 protein Q9UH77 UNIPROT "Cullin 3-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C526 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 23387299 t miannu "CUL3 assembles with BTB proteins to form Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. To explore how a CUL3-KLHL3 complex might operate, we immunoprecipitated KLHL3 and found that it associated strongly with WNK isoforms and CUL3. These results suggest that the CUL3-KLHL3 E3 ligase complex regulates blood pressure via its ability to interact with and ubiquitylate WNK isoforms." SIGNOR-272101 FGF2 protein P09038 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 20974802 f gcesareni "We show that several proline-directed mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), such as p38, erk1/2, and jnk1 are sufficient and required for the phosphorylation of ppps/tp motifs of lrp6. External stimuli, which control the activity of mapks, such as phorbol esters and fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) control the choice of the lrp6-ppps/tp kinase and regulate the amplitude of lrp6 phosphorylation and wnt/beta-catenin-dependent transcription" SIGNOR-168989 "Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues" smallmolecule CHEBI:80275 ChEBI PTH2R protein P49190 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257576 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT GFAP protein P14136 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 ITSAARRsYVSSGEM -1 12686604 t lperfetto "We report here that aurora-b phosphorylates gfap and desmin in vitro, and this phosphorylation leads to a reduction in filament forming ability. The sites phosphorylated by aurora-b;thr-7/ser-13/ser-38 of gfap, and thr-16 of desmin are common with those related to rho-associated kinase (rho-kinase), which has been reported to phosphorylate gfap and desmin at cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We identified ser-59 of desmin to be a specific site phosphorylated by aurora-b in vitro." SIGNOR-100181 NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264691 Calcineurin complex SIGNOR-C155 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001103 15829723 f apalma "Calcineurin can activate the transcription factors myocyte enhancer factor-2 and MyoD, which leads to the subsequent induction of myogenin and muscle differentiation (22). In addition, inhibition of calcineurin prevents the initiation of early stages of muscle differentiation" SIGNOR-255103 SEC13 protein P55735 UNIPROT "COPII vesicle" complex SIGNOR-C370 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30605680 t lperfetto "The Core Components of COPII Vesicles from HeLa Cells|Membrane-bound Sar1 then recruits the inner COPII coat subcomplex, the Sec23/24 heterodimer. Subsequently, together with cargo proteins recruited by the Sec24 subunit, Sar1 and Sec23/24 assemble into so-called pre-budding complexes. Finally, outer coat subcomplexes, comprising heterotetrameric Sec13/31 complexes, are recruited onto pre-budding complexes to complete the two-layered COPII coat" SIGNOR-265296 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr444 RFIGSPRtPVSPVKF 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 11705993 t gcesareni "Interestingly, phosphorylation at several ser/thr residues within the c-terminal autoinhibitory tail appears to either activate or inhibit s6k1, depending on the cell cycle phase. phosphorylation of those residues (featured by the thr-421/ser-424 site) during mitosis pursued by cdk1 inactivates s6k1 we then assessed the phosphorylation status of the mitosis-specific inhibitory residue of s6k1, thr-421/ser-424, which is targeted by mitotic cdk1." SIGNOR-111507 ARHGEF7 protein Q14155 UNIPROT LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21048939 t gcesareni "Arhgef7 is interacting with lrrk2 in vitro and in vivo. Gtpase activity of full-length lrrk2 increases in the presence of recombinant arhgef7. Arhgef7 might act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for lrrk2" SIGNOR-169217 NPFFR1 protein Q9GZQ6 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256851 bosutinib chemical CHEBI:39112 ChEBI BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001056 23409026 t miannu "Pre-existing BCR-ABL mutations can be detected in a substantial number of chronic-phase CML patients by sensitive allele-specific PCR technique using CD34+ cells. These mutations are associated with imatinib resistance if affecting drug binding directly or indirectly. After the recent approval of nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia along with imatinib, all of which vary in their effectiveness against mutated BCR-ABL forms, detection of pre-existing BCR-ABL mutations can help in selection of appropriate first-line drug therapy." SIGNOR-259271 PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT PPP2CA protein P67775 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19114990 t lperfetto "Since B_ suppresses the association of the catalytic C and regulatory A subunits of protein phosphatase 2A [94], the B_ interaction with the receptor is expected to result in enhanced protein phosphatase 2A activity" SIGNOR-217875 LIN7C protein Q9NUP9 UNIPROT AMOT/MPP5/INADL/LIN7C complex SIGNOR-C27 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 24366813 t lperfetto "To gain a more detailed view on the organization of this cell polarity network linked to yap1 we included several proteins of the cell junction complex (amot, mpp5, lin7a)," SIGNOR-203491 TCF3 protein P15923 UNIPROT CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23684607 f miannu "The transcription factor TCF3, also known as E2A, drives p21 expression while repressing PUMA across cancer cell types of multiple origins." SIGNOR-255385 MTNR1A protein P48039 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256985 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PFKFB2 protein O60825 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser483 IRRPRNYsVGSRPLK 9606 BTO:0000567 12853467 t "14-3-3s bind directly to cardiac PFK-2 phosphorylated by PKB. PFK-2 was phosphorylated on both Ser466 and Ser483 by PKB. the precise mechanism of fru-2,6-P2 regulation by 14-3-3s is still puzzling." SIGNOR-252575 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser34 MHHPSQEsPTLPESS 10090 18056716 t ggiuliani "We show that Dlx5 is a novel substrate for p38 MAPK in vitro and in vivo and that Ser-34 and Ser-217 are the sites phosphorylated by p38" SIGNOR-255792 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr86 VADIDGQyAMTRAQR 9606 BTO:0000038 11279024 t lperfetto "beta-catenin is a good substrate of pp60c- srctyrosine kinase in vitro;this kinase modifies specifically tyr-86 and tyr-654although consistently detected, this negative effect of tyr-86 phosphorylation on tbp binding was clearly less important than the positive effect observed after tyr-654 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-106458 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MKNK1 protein Q9BUB5 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr255 ITTPELTtPCGSAEY 9606 9155017 t gcesareni "Mnk1, but not mnk2, also binds strongly to the stress-activated kinase, p38." SIGNOR-48346 SCAP protein Q12770 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 12242332 t miannu "Insig-2, a second protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that blocks the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) by binding to SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein) in a sterol-regulated fashion, thus preventing it from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi. By blocking this movement, insig-2, like the previously described insig-1, prevents the proteolytic processing of SREBPs by Golgi enzymes, thereby blocking cholesterol synthesis." SIGNOR-256210 BCL6 protein P41182 UNIPROT CD80 protein P33681 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000776 12860928 f "Upon CD40 signaling, transcription of the CD80 gene is induced by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factor. Our results show that BCL6 prevents CD40-induced expression of CD80 by binding its promoter region in vivo and suppressing its transcriptional activation by NF-kappaB. Consistent with a physiologic role for BCL6 in suppressing CD80, the expression of these two genes is mutually exclusive in B cells, and BCL6-defective mice show increased expression of CD80 in B cells." SIGNOR-253931 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SPIB protein Q01892 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr56 VAPPVPAtPYEAFDP 9606 BTO:0000776 8632909 t lperfetto "The threonine 56 was defined as the erk1 phosphorylation site by using phosphoamino-acid analyses and a spi-b mutant version" SIGNOR-41800 MCHR1 protein Q99705 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256905 VAV2 protein P52735 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 10982832 t miannu "Vav2 activates rac1 / vav2 is an exchange factor for rho family gtpases." SIGNOR-81645 SMAD6 protein O43541 UNIPROT SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 12857866 t lperfetto "Smad6 also inhibits bmp signaling by forming a complex with smad1 and by interfering with complex formation between smad1 and smad4" SIGNOR-217706 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol smallmolecule CHEBI:17815 ChEBI PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 12629049 t "Activation of PKC depends on the availability of DAG,a signaling lipid that is tightly and dynamically regulated." SIGNOR-251559 IDH complex SIGNOR-C396 SIGNOR D-threo-isocitrate(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15562 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28139779 t miannu "Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase existing as the Œ±2Œ≤Œ≥ heterotetramer, catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into Œ±-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and is allosterically regulated by citrate, ADP and ATP." SIGNOR-266251 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT CLDN7 protein O95471 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001570 19277896 t lperfetto "ChIP assays revealed that SNAI1P is recruited on the CLDN7 gene promoter along with the co-repressor CtBP1 and the effector HDAC1.|These data further suggest that HDAC1 is involved in the SNAI1P-mediated repression of the human CLDN7 gene promoter." SIGNOR-254106 CHM protein P24386 UNIPROT RABGGTA protein Q92696 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18532927 t miannu "Prenylation (or geranylgeranylation) of Rab GTPases is catalysed by RGGT (Rab geranylgeranyl transferase) and requires REP (Rab escort protein). In the classical pathway, REP associates first with unprenylated Rab, which is then prenylated by RGGT. In the alternative pathway, REP associates first with RGGT; this complex then binds and prenylates Rab proteins." SIGNOR-265570 WDR62 protein O43379 UNIPROT MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 30566428 t lperfetto "In the WT brain, the WDR62 scaffold organizes a protein complex including MEKK3, MKK4/7, and JNK1 to control NPC development during corticogenesis" SIGNOR-271718 LSM2 protein Q9Y333 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270648 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr146 KEVHKSGyLSSERLI 9606 BTO:0000017 15647376 t lperfetto "Here we report the identification of the tyrosine phosphorylation sites in ezrin using bacterially expressed protein as a substrate for in vitro phosphorylation with the egf receptor. tyrosines 145 and 353 were identified as the sites of phosphorylation. but as of yet the role of ezrin phosphorylation at y145 is unknown." SIGNOR-133219 LSM-1231 chemical CHEBI:91471 ChEBI NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258238 ARPP19 protein P56211 UNIPROT PPP2R2D protein Q66LE6 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 phosphorylation:Ser62 KGQKYFDsGDYNMAK 21164014 t gcesareni "We identified cyclic adenosine monophosphate€“regulated phosphoprotein 19 (Arpp19) and -Endosulfine as two substrates of Gwl that, when phosphorylated by this kinase, associate with and inhibit PP2A, thus promoting mitotic entry." SIGNOR-243731 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT TOB1 protein P50616 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser152 PASSVSSsPSPPFGH 9606 12050114 t gcesareni "Biochemical analyses have then shown that erk mapk (erk2) and jnk/sapk (jnk2) bind to and phosphorylate tob in vitro. Erk catalyzes the phosphorylation more efficiently than jnk" SIGNOR-88728 MELK protein Q14680 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser169 VLRNITNsQAPDGRR 9606 15908796 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that cdc25b is phosphorylated in vitro by peg3 on serine 169this phosphorylated form of cdc25b accumulates during mitosis, and is localized to the centrosomes" SIGNOR-137378 AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser626 SLECDMEsIIRSELM 9606 BTO:0000007 17711846 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activtion of FOXO3 transcriptional activity without affecting FOXO3 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-252884 TTBK1 protein Q5TCY1 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser739 GSIDMVDsPQLATLA 9606 BTO:0000938 16923168 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Direct tau phosphorylation by ttbk1 at ser198, ser199, ser202 and ser422, which are also phosphorylated in phfs. Ttbk1 also induces tau aggregation in human neuronal cells in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ttbk1 is a neuron-specific dual kinase involved in tau phosphorylation at ad-related sites and is also associated with tau aggregation." SIGNOR-148978 FNTA protein P49354 UNIPROT KRAS protein P01116 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24294527 t lperfetto "Major investments have been made to target Ras through indirect routes. Inhibition of farnesyl transferase to block Ras maturation has failed in large clinical trials." SIGNOR-242559 seliciclib chemical CHEBI:45307 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206571 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT PSEN2 protein P49810 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser330 MEEDSYDsFGEPSYP -1 9558331 t llicata "In vitro the large hydrophilic loop of PS-2 between transmembrane domains 6 and 7 can be phosphorylated by casein kinase-1 (CK-1) and CK-2, but not by PKA or PKC. Quantitative analysis of in vitro phosphorylation demonstrates the presence of two phosphorylation sites for CK-1 and a single site for CK-2. A deletion analysis revealed that the CTF of PS-2 is phosphorylated in vivo within an acidic sequence containing three potential phosphorylation sites for CKs (serines 327, 330, and 335). These data suggest that CK type protein kinases phosphorylate the CTF of PS-2 within its hydrophilic loop domain in vivo. Interestingly, the potential phosphorylation sites are located directly adjacent to the recently identified caspase cleavage sites." SIGNOR-250801 ASXL1 protein Q8IXJ9 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001271 22897849 t irozzo "These data led us to hypothesize that ASXL1 interacts with the PRC2 complex; co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that ASXL1 associates with members of the PRC2 complex including EZH2 and SUZ12 but not with the PRC1 repressive complex. Importantly, ASXL1 downregulation resulted in loss of EZH2 recruitment to the HOXA locus indicating a role of ASXL1 in recruiting the PRC2 complex to known leukemogenic loci." SIGNOR-255923 TAF9 protein Q16594 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269582 ARHGEF4 protein Q9NR80 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260532 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 14993270 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Activated erk can phosphorylate t292 in the prs, and this blocks the ability of pak to phosphorylate s298 and of rac-pak signaling to enhance mek1-erk complex formation." SIGNOR-270186 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser939 SFRARSTsLNERPKS 10090 BTO:0000944 12150915 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that, upon activation of PI3K, tuberin is phosphorylated on consensus recognition sites for PI3K-dependent S/T kinases. Moreover, Akt/PKB can phosphorylate tuberin in vitro and in vivo. We also show that S939 and T1462 of tuberin are PI3K-regulated phosphorylation sites and that T1462 is constitutively phosphorylated in PTEN(-/-) tumor-derived cell lines." SIGNOR-235511 LRFN5 protein Q96NI6 UNIPROT PTPRD protein P23468 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 27225731 t miannu "SALM5 trans-synaptically interacts with LAR-RPTPs in a splicing-dependent manner to regulate synapse development. we identified LAR-RPTPs as novel ligands of SALM5 that mediates SALM5-dependent presynaptic differentiation in a splicing-dependent manner. Our data indicate that SALM5 interacts with all three known LAR-RPTPs—LAR, PTPδ, and PTPσ (Fig. 1)." SIGNOR-264086 ELOVL2 protein Q9NXB9 UNIPROT 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA smallmolecule CHEBI:50583 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31616255 t miannu "The ELOVL family of enzymes in mammals is comprised of seven members that all reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are thought to form a multimeric complex. Together, the ELOVL family is responsible for the elongation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Fatty acid elongation occurs by cycling through a four step process (condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction), with two carbon atoms added through each cycle." SIGNOR-267897 PAX1 protein P15863 UNIPROT MEOX2 protein P50222 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 11423130 t miannu "We show that Mox1 and Mox2 proteins are capable of interacting with Pax1 and Pax3. We propose that the Mox family of homeodomain proteins participates in the molecular signaling network regulating the diverse events of somite development through the physical interaction with the Pax1 and Pax3 members of the Pax family." SIGNOR-222232 MKNK2 protein Q9HBH9 UNIPROT EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser209 DTATKSGsTTKNRFV 9606 17724079 t lperfetto "Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin induces phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent and mnk-mediated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e phosphorylation.Therefore, eif4e is considered a survival protein involved in cell cycle progression, cell transformation, and apoptotic resistance. Phosphorylation of eif4e (usually at ser209) increases its binding affinity for the cap of mrna and may also favor its entry into initiation complexes." SIGNOR-157537 CHUK protein O15111 UNIPROT NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser932 CDSGVETsFRKLSFT 9606 BTO:0000567 SIGNOR-C13 10469655 t lperfetto "All residues of p105 phosphorylated by ikka are c-terminal; the major phosphorylation region contains three serines (ser923; ser927;ser932) and two threonines (thr927 and thr391)." SIGNOR-70457 sonidegib chemical CHEBI:90863 ChEBI SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-193630 NUP98-HOXA9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP15 SIGNOR EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28630438 t miannu "NUP98-HOXA9 has an activator-repressor role in transcriptional regulation driven by p300 and HDAC1 interactions. The chromosomal translocation t(7;11)(p15, p15), encoding the fusion protein NUP98-HOXA9 (NHA9), is a rare poor risk cytogenetic event in AML associated with a particularly poor prognosis.In summary, NHA9 deregulates the expression of key leukemic genes, including MEIS1-HOXA9-PBX3 complex, through the enhancer binding and the direct interaction of the fusion protein with HDAC and p300 transcriptional regulators." SIGNOR-261497 terazosin chemical CHEBI:9445 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001260 9379432 t miannu "Pharmacological management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has most successfully been achieved by administration of α1 antagonists, which function via relaxation of prostatic smooth muscle. Terazosin2 (2), doxazosin3 (3), and alfuzosin4 (4), agents currently approved for this indication" SIGNOR-258669 IRF9 protein Q00978 UNIPROT IFNAR2 protein P48551 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 17923090 t lperfetto "By binding to IFNalphaR2 within the region where two adjacent proline boxes bear phospho-Ser364 and phospho-Ser384, CBP acetylates IFNalphaR2 on Lys399, which in turn serves as the docking site for interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9)RF9 interacts with the acetyl-Lys399 motif by means of its IRF homology2 (IH2) domain, leading to formation of the ISGF3 complex that includes IRF9, STAT1, and STAT2." SIGNOR-217779 "RNA helicases DDX5/DDX17" complex SIGNOR-C34 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 17011493 t miannu "We have found that the rna helicases p68/p72 are myod-associated proteins and that the noncoding rna sra also immunoprecipitates with myod. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that both p68/p72 and sra are coactivators of myod." SIGNOR-149967 SNRPD3 protein P62318 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270662 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CDH2 protein P19022 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Tyr884 SSGGEQDyDYLNDWG 9606 BTO:0000848 16371504 t lperfetto "Src-mediated phosphorylation of the n-cadherin cytoplasmic domain results in a significant reduction in beta-catenin bindingbeta-catenin dissociates from n-cadherin and redistributes to the nucleus of transmigrating melanoma cells to activate gene transcription.Because there were only four tyrosine residues (y852, y860, y884, and y886) in this peptide, all of them were phosphorylated." SIGNOR-143242 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser286 TSGGVSEsPSGFSKH 9606 21765472 t lperfetto "Chk1 itself is also subject to cdk-mediated phosphorylation at serines 286 and 301 (s286 and 301). We show that chk1 s301 phosphorylation increases as cells progress through s and g2 and that both cdk1 and cdk2 are likely to contribute to this modification in vivo. We also find that substitution of s286 and s301 with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues strongly attenuates dna damage-induced chk1 activation and g2 checkpoint proficiency" SIGNOR-175071 "5'-xanthylic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15652 ChEBI "guanosine 5'-monophosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17345 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 6698284 t miannu "The de novo synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) involves the oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) followed by amination to GMP. This latter reaction is catalyzed by GMP synthetase. (XMP: I.-glutamine amidoligase (AMP) EC 6.3.5.2)." SIGNOR-267336 CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 22869609 t lperfetto "Previous studies have indicated that CRHR could couple to multiple Galpha proteins including Gs, Gi, and Gq/11 and then go on to induce changes in AC activity and activation of PLC-beta3" SIGNOR-268619 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000150;BTO:0001130;BTO:0001271;BTO:0000527 19188143 t gcesareni "Additionally, ck1, dyrk1a, and cdk2 also phosphorylate foxos at various sites to inhibit foxos activity" SIGNOR-183677 DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT SPP1 protein P10451 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9031 17335796 t gcesareni "Dlx5 initiates a complete osteogenic differentiation in these early primary cells, by triggering Runx2, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, and other gene expression according to the sequential temporal sequence observed during skull osteogenesis €œin vivo€." SIGNOR-245340 WARS1 protein P23381 UNIPROT tryptophan smallmolecule CHEBI:27897 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 14660560 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)1 are a family of ancient enzymes that catalyze amino acid activation by ATP and the subsequent aminoacylation to its cognate tRNA. Alternative splicing produces two forms of hTrpRS in human cells: full-length hTrpRS (residues 1-471) and mini-hTrpRS (residues 48-471)" SIGNOR-270510 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MACF1 protein Q9UPN3 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser7318 RPGSRAGsRAGSRAS 9606 BTO:0004905 21295697 t lperfetto "We discovered that GSK3β, a kinase inhibited by Wnt signaling, directly phosphorylates ACF7, a > 500 kDa microtubule-actin crosslinking protein abundant in hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs). We map ACF7's GSK3β sites to the microtubule-binding domain and show that phosphorylation uncouples ACF7 from microtubules." SIGNOR-264432 NEU1 protein Q99519 UNIPROT ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000182 19151752 f Giorgia "In HT-29 cells cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the phosphorylation of integrin β4 was significantly decreased in NEU1-overexpressing cells and the level seemed to be inversely correlated with the sialidase activity. These results suggest that NEU1 is involved in the regulation of integrin β4 phosphorylation probably through desialylation in colon cancer cells." SIGNOR-260655 EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT GAB1 protein Q13480 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr406 DASSQDCyDIPRAFP 9606 BTO:0000527;BTO:0000017 9890893 t lperfetto "Gab-1 is a multisubstrate docking protein downstream in the signaling pathways of different receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)the entire protein was phosphorylated by regfr at eight tyrosine residues (y285, y373, y406, y447, y472, y619, y657, and y689)." SIGNOR-236396 MTHFD1 protein P11586 UNIPROT 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 18767138 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase)methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase)formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFD1) is a trifunctional enzyme that interconverts tetrahydrofolate (THF) derivatives for nucleotide synthesis.|The Arg653Gln substitution is located in the synthetase domain, which catalyzes the magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP)-dependent production of formylTHF from THF and formate" SIGNOR-268250 KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 9606 SIGNOR-C465 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269621 RNF31 protein Q96EP0 UNIPROT CASP1 protein P29466 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0005111 32122970 t miannu "HOIP forms a constitutive interaction with caspase-1 and mediates the linear ubiquitination of the CARD pro-domain. Upon engagement of apoptosis, caspase-1 and caspase-8 cleave HOIP at Asp-348 and Asp-387, limiting the ability of LUBAC to ubiquitinate substrates." SIGNOR-272191 H2BC11 protein P06899 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H3.1t variant" complex SIGNOR-C325 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 20498094 t miannu "A histone H3 variant, H3T, is highly expressed in the testis, suggesting that it may play an important role in the chromatin reorganization required for meiosis and/or spermatogenesis. In the present study, we found that the nucleosome containing human H3T is significantly unstable both in vitro and in vivo, as compared to the conventional nucleosome containing H3.1." SIGNOR-263727 IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser531 RTHSAGTsPTITHQK -1 12351658 t "IRS-1 is a novel direct substrate for IKK and that phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser(312) (and other sites) by IKK may contribute to the insulin resistance mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways." SIGNOR-251297 "all-trans-retinoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15367 ChEBI THBD protein P07204 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001321;BTO:0003160;BTO:0001061 22406829 f miannu "In carcinomas the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) is inversely correlated with tumour progression and metastasis. The expression of TM is negatively regulated by NF-?B- and GSK3-?-dependent signalling pathways and positively regulated by retinoic acid and transcription factor Sp1 in PrEC, LNCaP and PC-3 cells, but not in DU-145 cells." SIGNOR-255217 Ggamma proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF3 SIGNOR PCBP2 protein Q15366 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser272 FSGIESSsPEVKGYW 10090 BTO:0000666 17475908 t miannu "All together, these data indicate that ERK-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at serines 173, 189, and 272, and threonine 213 is responsible for increased hnRNP-E2 protein stability in BCR/ABL-transformed cells." SIGNOR-262670 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT FHIT protein P49789 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr114 FHRNDSIyEELQKHD -1 15835917 t lperfetto "The human tumor suppressor Fhit is a homodimeric histidine triad (HIT) protein of 147 amino acids which has Ap3A hydrolase activity. We have recently discovered that Fhit is phosphorylated in vivo and is phosphorylated in vitro by Src kinaseMALDI-TOF and HPLC-ESI tandem mass spectrometry of intact Fhit and proteolytic peptides of Fhit demonstrated that Fhit is phosphorylated on Y114 on either one or both subunitsThe decreases in the values of Km and kcat for the phosphorylated forms in comparison to those of unphosphorylated Fhit favor the formation and lifetime of the Fhit_Ap3A complex, which may enhance the tumor suppressor activity of Fhit." SIGNOR-247134 NTRK2 protein Q16620 UNIPROT FRS3 protein O43559 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr455 PARSSDSyAVIDLKK 9606 11432792 t miannu "The tyrosine phosphoryla tion of FRS2/SNT2 was stimulated dependently on the TrkB activation. to explore the possibility that tyrosine residues 417 and 455 on FRS2/SNT2 function as the binding sites for Shp2, we coexpressed Y417F or Y455F phenylalanine mutants and the Y417/455F double phenylalanine mutant of Myc/Histagged FRS2/SNT2 with TrkB. The active TrkB induced somewhat reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of all of the phenylalanine mutants of FRS2/SNT2 in comparison with tyrosine phosphorylation of the wild type" SIGNOR-250203 KLHL20 protein Q9Y2M5 UNIPROT PIK3C3 protein Q8NEB9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 26687681 t miannu "Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin Ligase Governs the Turnover of ULK1 and VPS34 Complexes to Control Autophagy Termination. KLHL20 promotes ubiquitination of phagophore-residing VPS34 and Beclin-1" SIGNOR-272414 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr740 TGESDGGyMDMSKDE -1 7545675 t "Upon activation, the βPDGFR is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine residues and thereby becomes a docking site for SH2-domain-containing signal transduction proteins.|While all phosphotyrosine sites on the βPDGFR are equally good targets for rPTP1B, maps of the βPDGFR dephosphorylated by rSyp showed that rSyp had a distinct preference for certain sites (Fig. 4 D-F). The low dose of rSyp primarily dephosphorylated spots 1, 6, 7, 9, and to a lesser extent 8a|Spot 1 corresponds to tyrosine 751; spot 3 corresponds to tyrosine 1009; spot 6 corresponds to tyrosine 740; spot 8b corresponds to tyrosine 1021; spot 9 corresponds to tyrosine 771, and spots 2, 7, and 8a are as yet unidentified phosphopeptides" SIGNOR-248667 BRK1 protein Q8WUW1 UNIPROT NHS protein Q6T4R5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20332100 t miannu "We show that the WHD of NHS interacts with the Abi family of proteins, HSPC300, Nap1 and Sra1, and is important for the localization of NHS to the leading edge." SIGNOR-253574 MSX1 protein P28360 UNIPROT DLX5 protein P56178 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000946 9111364 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that dimerization by Msx and Dlx proteins is mediated through their homeodomains and that the residues required for this interaction correspond to those necessary for DNA binding. Unlike most other known examples of homeoprotein interactions, association of Msx and Dlx proteins does not promote cooperative DNA binding; instead, dimerization and DNA binding are mutually exclusive activities. Msx proteins act as transcriptional repressors and Dlx proteins act as activators, while in combination, Msx and Dlx proteins counteract each other's transcriptional activities." SIGNOR-240987 DNM2 protein P50570 UNIPROT GJB2 protein P29033 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 25263585 t miannu "This study identifies dynamin 2 (dyn2) as a cx26 interactor in yeast and mammalian cells / we demonstrate that dyn2 regulates cx26 endocytosis and ubiquitination" SIGNOR-205372 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT DLG2 protein Q15700 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr348 TRPPEPVySTVNKLC -1 13129934 t miannu "Recombinant PSD-93 was phosphorylated by Fyn in vitro, and Tyr-384 was identified as a major phosphorylation site. In COS7 cells, exogenously expressed PSD-93 was phosphorylated, dependent on its membrane localization. In addition, tyrosine-phosphorylated PSD-93 was able to bind to Csk, a negative regulator of Src family kinases, in vitro as well as in a brain lysate." SIGNOR-262874 CNOT8 protein Q9UFF9 UNIPROT "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 19558367 t lperfetto "In the present study, we examine the composition of the human Ccr4-Not complex in an in-depth proteomic approach using stable cell lines expressing tagged CNOT proteins. We find at least four different variants of the human complex, consisting of seven stable core proteins and mutually exclusive associated mRNA deadenylase subunits. Interestingly, human CNOT4 is in a separate approximately 200 kDa complex. Furthermore, analyses of associated proteins indicate involvement of Ccr4-Not complexes in splicing, transport and localization of RNA molecules." SIGNOR-268310 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr202 HDHTGFLtEYVATRW 1712480 t lperfetto "Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinases, ERK1 and ERK2, undergo autophosphorylation on both tyrosine and threonine residues: implications for their mechanism of activation.|" SIGNOR-249471 HIC1 protein Q14526 UNIPROT LRP8 protein Q14114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001938;BTO:0000815 24076391 f miannu "The Reelin receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR are direct target genes of HIC1. ectopic expression of HIC1 in U2OS and MDA-MB-231 cell lines decreases expression of the ApoER2 and VLDLR genes, encoding two canonical tyrosine kinase receptors for Reelin." SIGNOR-254243 HPS3 protein Q969F9 UNIPROT BLOC-2 complex SIGNOR-C252 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 15030569 t lperfetto "Characterization of BLOC-2, a complex containing the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome proteins HPS3, HPS5 and HPS6" SIGNOR-260688 NLGN3 protein Q9NZ94 UNIPROT NRXN3 protein Q9Y4C0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 18923512 t brain lperfetto "Pre- and postsynaptic plasma membranes are always precisely aligned, and are separated by a synaptic cleft of ~20 nm. The cleft contains an undefined proteinaceous material in the middle, and is presumably bridged by synaptic cell-adhesion molecules such as Nrxns and Nlgns that align the pre- and postsynaptic elements and mediate trans-synaptic signaling.|Nlgns bind to both alpha- and beta-Nrxns with nanomolar affinities; binding involves the sixth LNS-domain of alpha-Nrxns which corresponds to the only LNS-domain of beta-Nrxns52. The binding affinities differ characteristically between various pairs of Nlgns and Nrxns, and are controlled by alternative splicing of both Nrxns and Nlgns (Figure 1c)" SIGNOR-264162 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR GABA-A proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF61 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 25600368 t miannu "The endocytosis of GABAARs is regulated by the interaction of the AP2 complex with β and γ2 subunits. Phosphorylation of β3 (S408/S409) and γ2 (Y365/Y367) by PKA/PKC and Src/Fyn, respectively, prevents binding to AP2 and thus stabilizes these receptors at the cell surface." SIGNOR-264991 TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT SCN8A protein Q9UQD0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0004102 26112872 f miannu "TNF-α increases Na(+) currents by accelerating the channel activation as well as increasing the expression of VGSCs in a mechanism dependent upon NF-κB and p38 MAPK signal pathways in CNS neurons. TNF-α increased Na(+) currents by accelerating the activation of VGSCs. The threshold for action potential (AP) was decreased and firing rate were increased. VGSCs were up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels." SIGNOR-253491 "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI L-glutamate(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:29985 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 6698284 t miannu "The de novo synthesis of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) involves the oxidation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) followed by amination to GMP. This latter reaction is catalyzed by GMP synthetase. (XMP: I.-glutamine amidoligase (AMP) EC 6.3.5.2)." SIGNOR-267339 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser124 PALKRSHsDSLDHDI 9606 12676583 t "Phosphorylation is the signal for ubiquitination" gcesareni "We show that ir-induced destruction of cdc25a requires both atm and the chk2-mediated phosphorylation of cdc25a on serine 123. the basal turnover of cdc25a operating in unperturbed s phase required chk1-dependent phosphorylation of serines 123, 178, 278, and 292. Ir-induced acceleration of cdc25a proteolysis correlated with increased phosphate incorporation into these residues generated by a combined action of chk1 and chk2 kinases." SIGNOR-99721 AP3B1 protein O00203 UNIPROT "AP-3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C247 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21097499 t lperfetto "Key components of this system are the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP)4 complexes, AP-1 (gamma-beta1-mi1-sigma1), AP-2 (α-beta2-mi2-sigma2), AP-3 (delta-beta3-mi3-sigma3), and AP-4 (epsilon-beta4-mi4-sigma4) (subunit composition shown in parentheses)" SIGNOR-260681 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT GYS1 protein P13807 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser645 RPASVPPsPSLSRHS -1 2117608 t llicata "With all four peptides, prior phosphorylation significantly stimulated phosphorylation by casein kinase I. From these results, we propose that there are substrates for casein kinase I for which prior phosphorylation is a critical determinant of protein kinase action." SIGNOR-250879 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr250 KEEVVGLtETSSQPK 9606 BTO:0000776 7678037 t llicata "These data suggest taht CKII can phosphorylate more than one site on CD20 molecule. | Taken together, this data shown that insulin can increase erine threonine phosphorylation and may stimulate CKII activity in B cells." SIGNOR-250917 MARK1 protein Q9P0L2 UNIPROT MAP4 protein P27816 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser941 NVRSKVGsTENIKHQ -1 8631898 t miannu "Here we show that p110mark phosphorylates analogous KXGS sites in the microtubule binding domains of the neuronal MAP2 and the ubiquitous MAP4. Phosphorylation in vitro leads to the dissociation of MAP2 and MAP4 from microtubules and to a pronounced increase in dynamic instability." SIGNOR-250171 RING1 protein Q06587 UNIPROT "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 16359901 t miannu "Polycomb group (PcG) proteins exist in at least two biochemically distinct protein complexes, the EED-EZH2 complex and the PRC1 complex, that respectively possess H3-K27 methyltransferase and H2A-K119 ubiquitin E3 ligase activities. How the enzymatic activities are regulated and what their role is in Hox gene silencing are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that Bmi-1 and Ring1A, two components of the PRC1 complex, play important roles in H2A ubiquitylation and Hox gene silencing. We show that both proteins positively regulate H2A ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-271417 DSCAM protein O60469 UNIPROT Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 BTO:0000938 18585357 f miannu "DSCAM is required for commissural axon guidance in vivo. DSCAM promotes axonal growth but is dispensable for cell body migration and for axon turning toward a local source of netrin-1 in whole spinal cord turning assays." SIGNOR-268396 LPAR5 protein Q9H1C0 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256997 SRC_kinase_family proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF32 SIGNOR SLC24A2 protein Q9UI40 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" phosphorylation Tyr364 LAEELGSyGKLKYYD 9606 BTO:0000938 23431067 t miannu "Src family kinase-mediated Tyr-365 phosphorylation of NCKX2 regulates its surface expression. PP2 facilitated the endocytosis of NCKX2 in both the somatodendritic and axonal compartments, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of NCKX2 by SFK negatively regulates its endocytosis. Supporting this idea, activation of SFK enhanced the NCKX activity in the proximal dendrites of dentate granule cells (GCs). These results suggest that endocytosis of somatodendritic NCKX2 is regulated by SFK-dependent phosphorylation of Tyr-365." SIGNOR-264387 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 23136067 t miannu "SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 (RING box protein 2), ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), or RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), was originally cloned in our laboratory as a redox inducible antioxidant protein and later characterized as the second member of the RBX/ROC RING component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL-F-box Proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligase.  by forming a complex with other components of the SCF E3 ligase, SAG promotes ubiquitination and degradation of a number of protein substrates, including c-JUN, DEPTOR, HIF-1α, IκBα, NF1, NOXA, p27, and procaspase-3, thus regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes." SIGNOR-271447 CASP8 protein Q14790 UNIPROT PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp345 EEWEAQRdSHLGPHR -1 10069390 t lperfetto "Remarkably, the caspases acting on PS1 could be subdivided in two groups. One group, containing caspase-8, -6 and -11, cleaved PS1 after residues ENDD329 and to a lesser extent after residues AQRD341. A second group consisting of caspase-3, -7 and -1 acted uniquely on AQRD341. Importantly, these two cleavage sites were also recognized by caspases in the C-terminal PS1 fragment produced by constitutive proteolysis." SIGNOR-261760 tamsulosin chemical CHEBI:9398 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258470 SRGAP3 protein O43295 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 12447388 f miannu "Wrp binds directly to wave-1 through its src homology domain 3 and specifically inhibits rac function in vivo." SIGNOR-95918 SOX6 protein P35712 UNIPROT CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26893351 t "We found that SOX6 regulates adipogenesis in vertebrate species by activating adipogenic regulators including PPARγ, C/EBPα and MEST" SIGNOR-255824 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr313 HGSGWAEtPRTDRGG 9606 SIGNOR-C16 12105215 t llicata "We indeed found that sap155-(223_322) and sap155-(1_491) are excellent substrates for in vitrophosphorylation by cyclin e-cdk2 as well as cyclin b-cdk1" SIGNOR-90442 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIML1 protein Q8N9V2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271200 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CCDC50 protein Q8IVM0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr279 TDGEDADyTHFTNQQ 9606 BTO:0000567 19059208 t miannu "We found that Ymer was considerably phosphorylated on tyrosine residues also via Src family kinases such as Lck. A luciferase reporter assay showed that mutation of tyrosines on Ymer (YmerY217/279/304F) results in loss of the inhibitory activity for NF-kappaB signaling." SIGNOR-262854 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PRPH protein P41219 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 SSSVRLGsFRSPRAG 9606 BTO:0000007 17569669 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that peripherin, which is a peripheral nervous system neuron-specific intermediate filament protein, is a novel Akt substrate, and that Ser66 of peripherin is the phosphorylation site. Peripherin phosphorylation is apparently induced in motor neurons after nerve injury, suggesting that the Akt-mediated peripherin phosphorylation may play a role in motor nerve regeneration." SIGNOR-262627 F2RL2 protein O00254 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256761 RNF7 protein Q9UBF6 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 23136067 t miannu "SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene), also known as RBX2 (RING box protein 2), ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), or RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), was originally cloned in our laboratory as a redox inducible antioxidant protein and later characterized as the second member of the RBX/ROC RING component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL-F-box Proteins) E3 ubiquitin ligase.  by forming a complex with other components of the SCF E3 ligase, SAG promotes ubiquitination and degradation of a number of protein substrates, including c-JUN, DEPTOR, HIF-1α, IκBα, NF1, NOXA, p27, and procaspase-3, thus regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes." SIGNOR-271448 ARHGAP35 protein Q9NRY4 UNIPROT RAC1 protein P63000 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260493 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr57 LSSTPLStPCSSVPS 9606 18042454 t miannu "We also demonstrate that gsk-3 triggers mafa sequential phosphorylation on residues s61, t57, t53, and s49 /we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity./ Taken together, these results suggest that, in contrast to what can be expected from ubiquitination/degradation, gsk-3-mediated mafa phosphorylation increases its transactivating ability, thereby controlling its biological activity." SIGNOR-159377 FOXA1 protein P55317 UNIPROT LOXL2 protein Q9Y4K0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002861 20043065 f miannu "These results suggest that FOXA1 induces not only KRT7 but also LOXL2 in a subset of poor prognostic ESCCs with metastatic lymph nodes. FOXA1 siRNA treatment of esophageal cancer cells reduced the mRNA level of both KRT7 and a stabilizer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator LOXL2, and that both FOXA1 and LOXL2 siRNAs reduced invasion and migration of ESCC cells." SIGNOR-254166 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AQP4 protein P55087 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser316 EKKGKDQsGEVLSSV 9615 BTO:0000837 11742978 t llicata "We found that the stress-induced kinase casein kinase (CK)II phosphorylates the Ser276 immediately preceding the tyrosine motif, increasing AQP4-mu 3A interaction and enhancing AQP4-lysosomal targeting and degradation. AQP4 phosphorylation by CKII may thus provide a mechanism that regulates AQP4 cell surface expression. | To determine whether Ser276 is an actual CKII substrate, we used GST–AQP4-Cter proteins in which only one out of the three C-terminal CKII consensus sites was sequentially conserved (Ser276, Ser285 and Ser315, respectively). Figure 7B (right panel) shows that the three serine residues, including Ser276, were indeed efficiently phosphorylated by CKII." SIGNOR-250828 PGM2 protein Q96G03 UNIPROT "alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57720 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17804405 t miannu "Phosphopentomutase catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses. The role of phosphopentomutase is to utilize ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1-phosphate, which are formed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase. Using catalytic efficiency as a criterion, PGM2 acted more than 10-fold better as a phosphopentomutase (both on deoxyribose 1-phosphate and on ribose 1-phosphate) than as a phosphoglucomutase." SIGNOR-267075 G6PC1 protein P35575 UNIPROT "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266582 tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29184 ChEBI Phe-tRNA(Phe) smallmolecule CHEBI:29153 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 20223217 t miannu "Here we report crystal structure of hcPheRS complexed with phenylalanine at 3.3 Å resolution. An essential feature of hcPheRS is a novel fold formed by the N-terminal part of the α subunit, whose functional role in tRNAPhe binding and complex formation was studied by truncation mutagenesis. Phenylalanine activation and formation of Phe-tRNAPhe catalyzed by modified hcPheRS have been compared with those of the wild-type enzyme. HcPheRS is a heterotetramer built of two αβ heterodimers." SIGNOR-270443 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT EIF4EBP1 protein Q13541 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr36 LPPGDYStTPGGTLF 10090 BTO:0002572 SIGNOR-C3 20670887 t lperfetto "Specifically as part of mTORC1, mTOR directly phosphorylates the ribo- somal protein S6 kinases (S6K1 and S6K2) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2), both of which control specific steps in the initiation of cap-dependent translation" SIGNOR-167180 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT CDC25B protein P30305 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr355 NKRRRSVtPPEEQQE 9606 23708659 t lperfetto "Rsk promotes g2/m transition through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b rsk is likely to be more active in mitotic cells than in interphase cells, as evidenced by the phosphorylation status of t359/s363 in rsk. Together, these findings indicate that rsk promotes g2/m transition in mammalian cells through activating phosphorylation of cdc25a and cdc25b." SIGNOR-202125 PTPN2 protein P17706 UNIPROT WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr256 RETSKVIyDFIEKTG 9606 16293614 t gcesareni "Similarly, the t cell phosphatase has a 30-fold lower kcat/km toward autoinhibited p-n-wasp than toward the isolated p-gbd, and again this effect is largely reversed by that cdc42" SIGNOR-141652 LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT AXIN1 protein O15169 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 18632848 t amattioni "The phosphorylation of lrp6 generates a docking site for axin and recruits it to the plasma membrane, where axin is inactivated and/or targeted for degradation by an unknown mechanism." SIGNOR-179469 ARHGEF12 protein Q9NZN5 UNIPROT RHOA protein P61586 UNIPROT up-regulates "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0001271 11094164 t gcesareni "Here, we show that larg can activate rho in vivo" SIGNOR-84657 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr56 FSSQPGHtPHPAASR 9606 10669763 t lperfetto "The results of this study reveal the following novel findings: destruction of the three putative MAP kinase sites at positions 56, 74, and 87 results in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the protein. Progressive inactivation of these MAP kinase sites revealed that Bcl-2 stability is mainly regulated by phosphorylation at Thr74 and Ser87." SIGNOR-244610 BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR Melanosome_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH180 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000847 22203680 f lperfetto "Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) 6 are present in a range of cells in multicellular eukaryotes and include lytic granules, lung lamellar bodies, platelet-dense granules, and melanosomes (1.). The melanosome of the pigment cells in the skin and eye is the best studied of the LROs (1., 2.). The biogenesis of the melanosome and other LROs requires the AP-3 adaptor complex, the class C Vps complex, and three BLOC (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex) complexes" SIGNOR-265939 zotepine chemical CHEBI:32316 ChEBI HTR1E protein P28566 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9534 BTO:0000298 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258557 SNRPD2 protein P62316 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270685 THEM4 protein Q5T1C6 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 11598301 t lperfetto "Here, we describe a protein partner for pkbalpha termed ctmp, or carboxyl-terminal modulator protein, that binds specifically to the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain of pkbalpha at the plasma membrane. Binding of ctmp reduces the activity of pkbalpha by inhibiting phosphorylation on serine 473 and threonine 308." SIGNOR-244455 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1A variant" complex SIGNOR-C481 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270688 DLG5 protein Q8TDM6 UNIPROT Scribble_complex_DLG5-LLGL1_variant complex SIGNOR-C508 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23397623 t miannu "The Scribble polarity complex or module is one of the three polarity modules that regulate cell polarity in multiple epithelia including blood-tissue barriers. This protein complex is composed of Scribble, Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) and Discs large (Dlg), which are well conserved across species from fruitflies and worms to mammals." SIGNOR-270901 PRKCH protein P24723 UNIPROT MCL1 protein Q07820 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" 9606 28939105 f miannu "The results of our present study show that PKCη positively regulates the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1 by preventing its degradation via the proteasomal pathway involving Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase Mule." SIGNOR-261908 TNFRSF14 protein Q92956 UNIPROT TRAF5 protein O00463 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 9153189 t lperfetto "ATAR, a novel tumor necrosis factor receptor family member, signals through TRAF2 and TRAF5|synergistic activation of NF-κB by ATAR and TRAF5 293 cells" SIGNOR-262592 proline smallmolecule CHEBI:26271 ChEBI ECM_synthesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH8 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 25386178 f apalma "Ornithine, via the enzyme OAT, is also a precursor amino acid for the synthesis of proline, which itself is essential for the synthesis of collagen." SIGNOR-255550 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr779 LYKEATStFTNITYR 9606 BTO:0000132 10896934 t gcesareni "A survey of several protein kinases revealed that Thr-753 was avidly phosphorylated by PDK1 and Akt/PKB in vitro. These observations suggest that activation of PDK1 and/or Akt/PKB in platelets may modulate the binding activity and/or specificity of beta(3) for signaling molecules." SIGNOR-252552 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr269 GGKRSRLtPVSPESS 9606 SIGNOR-C17 20974803 t gcesareni "Here we show that cdk1 phosphorylates p62 in vitro and in vivo at t269 and s272, which is necessary for the maintenance of appropriate cyclin b1 levels and the levels of cdk1 activity necessary to allow cells to properly enter and exit mitosis." SIGNOR-169016 PRKACG protein P22612 UNIPROT TENT2 protein Q6PIY7 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser116 LSGERRYsMPPLFHT 9606 BTO:0000007 31057087 t miannu "We found that Gld2 activity is regulated by site-specific phosphorylation in its disordered N-terminal domain. We identified two phosphorylation sites (S62, S110) where phosphomimetic substitutions increased Gld2 activity and one site (S116) that markedly reduced activity. Using mass spectrometry, we confirmed that HEK 293 cells readily phosphorylate the N-terminus of Gld2. We identified protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase B (Akt1) as the kinases that site-specifically phosphorylate Gld2 at S116, abolishing Gld2-mediated nucleotide addition." SIGNOR-259404 ATRX protein P46100 UNIPROT ZBED1 protein O96006 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 7227 BTO:0001138 22021382 t 1 miannu "XNP/dATRX physically interacts with DREF. our results show that DREF is required for the proper expression of pnr and that XNP/dATRX binds to DREF at the DRE sites, resulting in the repression of pnr gene expression." SIGNOR-239729 CTDSP1 protein Q9GZU7 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1738 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS -1 22137580 t "Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) represent a critical regulatory checkpoint for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1-mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. | This combined structure-function analysis discloses the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential dephosphorylation of P.Ser5 of the CTD heptad repeat." SIGNOR-248777 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT CDKN2C protein P42773 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15640349 f irozzo "Menin activates transcription by means of a mechanism involving recruitment of MLL to the p27Kip1 and p18Ink4c promoters and coding regions." SIGNOR-255888 CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT CAMKK2 protein Q96RR4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr483 KHIPSLAtVILVKTM 9606 22778263 t lperfetto "It has been proposed that a major consequence of relief from autoinhibition is autophosphorylation of thr-482, a post-translational change that likely contributes to the increased autonomous activity of camkk2" SIGNOR-198107 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT RPRD1B protein Q9NQG5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser145 KATEEKKsLKRTFQQ 30518842 t lperfetto "Mechanistically, we revealed that CREPT/RPRD1B interacted with Aurora B to regulate the expression of Cyclin B1 in gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, Aurora B phosphorylates S145 in a well-conserved motif of CREPT/RPRD1B. We proposed that phosphorylation of CREPT/RPRD1B by Aurora B is required for promoting the transcription of Cyclin B1" SIGNOR-265499 CRH protein P06850 UNIPROT CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 23504413 t lperfetto "The actions of CRH are transduced through CRH receptors, which belong to the class II/secretin-like family of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily (Martin et al. 2005). There are three types of CRH receptors – type 1 (CRHR1), type 2 (CRHR2) and type 3 (CRHR3). Among these, CRHR3 has not been identified in mammals. |CRH is a high-affinity ligand of CRHR1. It also binds to CRHR2, but with lower affinity" SIGNOR-268611 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT ZAP70 protein P43403 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 10458769 t miannu "We propose that shp1 can dephosphorylate sites in zap-70 and syk that are involved in coupling these kinases to downstream signaling cascades, including erk2 and elements of the il-2 gene." SIGNOR-70237 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF151 protein Q2KHN1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271158 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1248 HGRAREGsFESRYQQ 9606 BTO:0000661 1370476 t lperfetto "Thus, phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 by PKC or PKA at serine 1248 may modulate the interaction of PLC-gamma 1 with the protein tyrosine kinase or the protein tyrosine phosphatase; this altered interaction may, at least in part, be responsible for the decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 seen in PMA- and forskolin-treated Jurkat cells." SIGNOR-248846 GPR132 protein Q9UNW8 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257275 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PPP1R14A protein Q96A00 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr38 QKRHARVtVKYDRRE 9606 32471307 t lperfetto "A major kinase for GPCR‐induced CPI‐17 phosphorylation is PKC which is activated by the PLCbeta‐produced signaling messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It phosphorylates CPI‐17 at Thr38 residue that directly docks at the active site of MLCP, thereby inhibiting its activity and promoting an increase of phosphorylation of myosin and of other MLCP." SIGNOR-249259 MASP1 protein P48740 UNIPROT C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Gly1446 TPLQLFEgRRNRRRR -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263429 "GABA-A (a4-b2-d) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C326 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268593 CDC42BPB protein Q9Y5S2 UNIPROT MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr558 LGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 10947843 t Manara "In this study, we have shown that MRCKb phosphorylated moesin at Thr-558 | We have shown that the phosphorylation is important to the formation of ®lopodia, and that MRCK may regulate this formation through the phosphorylation of ERM proteins at the tip of ®lopodia." SIGNOR-260802 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser21 TPPSTALsPGKMSEA 9606 BTO:0000007 21059642 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" lperfetto "Phosphorylation of runx1 on ser-303 by cdks leads its ubiquitin-mediated degradation during g2/m (19). We developed additional evidence that cdks phosphorylate ser-303 and found that ser-48 and ser-424 are also substrates of cdk1/cyclin b and cdk6/cyclin d3. Moreover, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 strengthens the ability of runx1 to activate transcription and to stimulate proliferation of the ba/f3 hematopoietic cell line (20)." SIGNOR-216916 PTPRJ protein Q12913 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT unknown dephosphorylation 9606 11259588 t "Protein tyrosine phosphatase CD148-mediated inhibition of T-cell receptor signal transduction is associated with reduced LAT and phospholipase Cgamma1 phosphorylation" SIGNOR-248706 MYLIP protein Q8WY64 UNIPROT LRP8 protein Q14114 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 20427281 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that Idol also targets two closely related LDLR family members, VLDLR and ApoE receptor 2 (ApoER2), proteins implicated in both neuronal development and lipid metabolism. Idol triggers ubiquitination of the VLDLR and ApoER2 on their cytoplasmic tails, leading to their degradation." SIGNOR-271486 CBLB protein Q13191 UNIPROT PIK3R1 protein P27986 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000782 11087752 t miannu "Cbl-b, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, targets phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase for ubiquitination in T cells.Here it is shown that Cbl-b interacts with and induces ubiquitin conjugation to the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, an upstream regulator of Vav." SIGNOR-272583 CD38 protein P28907 UNIPROT nicotinamide smallmolecule CHEBI:17154 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18626062 t miannu "CD38 is also able to catalyze the degradation of the NAD precursor nicotinamide mono-nucleotide (NMN) into nicotinamide" SIGNOR-264253 VRK1 protein Q99986 UNIPROT BANF1 protein O75531 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sQKHRDFV 9606 16495336 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that phosphorylation of ser4 and/or thr2/thr3 abrogates the interaction of baf with dna and reduces its interaction with the lem domain. Coexpression of vrk1 and gfp-baf greatly diminishes the association of baf with the nuclear chromatin/matrix and leads to its dispersal throughout the cell" SIGNOR-144783 GABRA1 protein P14867 UNIPROT "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t "brain, See table 3 for identified complexes" lperfetto "The assembly of GABAA-R as heteropentamers produces complex subtype heterogeneity in structure, which is the major determinant of their pharmacological profile.|Evidence is greatly in favor of a pentameric receptor and most GABAA-R subtypes are formed from two copies of a single alpha, two copies of a single beta, and one copy of another subunit, such as gamma, delta, or epsilon." SIGNOR-263750 BMI1 protein P35226 UNIPROT CDKN2A protein P42771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20551323 f gcesareni "One important pathway in which bmi-1 acts to promote the overall growth of mice and cellular proliferation includes cdkn2a;bmi-1 represses the expression of cdkn2a, which encodes two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16ink4a (p16) and p19arf" SIGNOR-166163 acetylcholine smallmolecule CHEBI:15355 ChEBI CHRM2 protein P08172 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257469 SMARCD2 protein Q92925 UNIPROT "Muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF ARID1B variant" complex SIGNOR-C482 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000887 11073988 t miannu "The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene activation by assisting transcription machinery to gain access to targets in chromatin. Our data suggest that BAF250 confers specificity to the human BAF complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions." SIGNOR-270706 SSU72 protein Q9NP77 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Ser1672 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS -1 15125841 t "Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P.| Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro" SIGNOR-248820 ADP chemical CHEBI:16761 ChEBI P2RY1 protein P47900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257557 ITGB3 protein P05106 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253198 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0005493 10601313 t lperfetto "JNK-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 outside the -SSXS motif enhances Smad3 nuclear translocation and potentiates transcriptional activation independent of Smad3 phosphorylation by T_RI." SIGNOR-236113 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser118 GEAAEPGsPTAAEGE -1 8034575 t lperfetto "Of the 7 phosphorylated serine residues identified by Edman degradation, only 1 was within the known phosphorylation domain by protein kinase C. All the other phosphorylated serine residues originated from the N-terminal half of the molecule and were immediately followed by proline. | We conclude that the primary phosphorylation site is Ser116 |" SIGNOR-248907 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR DCTN1 protein Q14203 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17532294 t miannu "FBXL5 binds to p150(Glued)in vitro and in vivo. FBXL5 and p150(Glued) co-localize primarily in the cytoplasm with peri-nuclear enrichment in HeLa cells. Overexpression of FBXL5 promotes poly-ubiquitination of p150(Glued) and protein turnover of p150(Glued). Our findings provide a potential mechanism by which p150(Glued) protein function is regulated by SCFs." SIGNOR-271653 KCNJ5 protein P48544 UNIPROT KCNJ5/KCNJ3 complex SIGNOR-C56 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000562 22362083 t miannu "The muscarinic k(+) channel (i (k,ach)) is a heterotetramer composed of girk1 (kir3.1) andgirk4(kir3.4) subunits of a g protein-coupled inwardly rectifying channel, and plays an important role in mediating electrical responses to the vagal stimulation in the heart." SIGNOR-196205 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT AATF protein Q9NY61 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr366 FTVYRNRtLQKWHDK 9606 22909821 t lperfetto "Upon genotoxic stress, aatf is phosphorylated by the checkpoint kinase mk2. Phosphorylation results in the release of aatf from cytoplasmic mrlc3 and subsequent nuclear translocation where aatf binds to the puma, bax and bak promoter regions to repress p53-driven expression of these pro-apoptotic genes." SIGNOR-191935 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser721 PVVSGDTsPRHLSNV 9606 BTO:0000590 10737616 t lperfetto "Using nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry, we have undertaken an extensive comparison of phosphorylation in vitro by several candidate tau kinases, namely, JNK, p38, ERK2, and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). Between 10 and 15 sites were identified for each kinase. The three MAP kinases phosphorylated Ser202 and Thr205 but not detectably Ser199, whereas conversely GSK3beta phosphorylated Ser199 but not detectably Ser202 or Thr205. Phosphorylated Ser404 was found with all of these kinases except JNK. The MAP kinases may not be strictly proline specific: p38 phosphorylated the nonproline sites Ser185, Thr245, Ser305, and Ser356, whereas ERK2 was the most strict. All of the sites detected except Thr245 and Ser305 are known or suspected phosphorylation sites in paired helical filament-tau extracted from Alzheimer brains. Thus, the three MAP kinases and GSK3beta are importantly all strong candidates as tau kinases that may be involved in the pathogenic hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease." SIGNOR-249418 SNRPD1 protein P62314 UNIPROT "U1 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C480 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270684 E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT BBC3 protein Q96PG8 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003476 17263886 f miannu "Up-regulation of the PUMA gene and protein by E2F-1 overexpression was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis in the SK-MEL-2 melanoma cell line" SIGNOR-253843 AVP protein P01185 UNIPROT AVPR2 protein P30518 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0000671;BTO:0001260 1560825 t gcesareni "We report here the cloning of a complementary dna encoding the hepatic v1a arginine vasopressin receptor. The liver cdna encodes a protein with seven putative transmembrane domains, which binds arginine vasopressin." SIGNOR-20185 BAIAP2 protein Q9UQB8 UNIPROT WASF2 protein Q9Y6W5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 11130076 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that IRSp53, a substrate for insulin receptor with unknown function, is the 'missing link' between Rac and WAVE. Activated Rac binds to the amino terminus of IRSp53, and carboxy-terminal Src-homology-3 domain of IRSp53 binds to WAVE to form a trimolecular complex. From studies of ectopic expression, we found that IRSp53 is essential for Rac to induce membrane ruffling, probably because it recruits WAVE, which stimulates actin polymerization mediated by the Arp2/3 complex." SIGNOR-265556 "D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:78346 ChEBI "sedoheptulose 7-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:15721 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24929114 t miannu "Transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate transformation. TKs (with the exception of the enzymes of mammalian origin) are characterized by broad substrate specificity. Xylulose 5-phosphate (X5P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), erythrulose 4-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate are typical donor substrates of TK; ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), and erythrose 4-phosphate are typical acceptor substrates." SIGNOR-268140 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr220 QSNYIPEtPPPGYIS 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t gcesareni "These results suggest that oncogenic ras, acting through mek1 and erk kinases, induces the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad3 .we show that phosphorylation of smad2, a mediator of the activin/transforming growth factor-beta signal, by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) increases the amount of smad2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-66771 LPAR6 protein P43657 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257347 WNT10A protein Q9GZT5 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131622 10-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57454 ChEBI N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:147286 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 11381136 t miannu "The third step is catalyzed by the enzyme glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase). The two folate-requiring reactions, glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) and aminoimidazole ribonucleotide transformylase (AICAR Tfase), have attracted particular attention because some of the most successful anticancer drugs to date have been folate antimetabolites such as methotrexate (3). These two enzymes carry out similar chemistry in catalyzing the transfer of a formyl group from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to the amino group of the substrates GAR and AICAR to form fGAR and fAICAR." SIGNOR-268104 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR PHF2 protein O75151 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser757 NARVKKEsGSSAAGI 9606 BTO:0000007 21532585 t miannu "PHF2, a jmjC demethylase, is enzymatically inactive by itself, but becomes an active H3K9Me2 demethylase through PKA-mediated phosphorylation. We found that phosphorylated PHF2 then associates with ARID5B, a DNA-binding protein, and induce demethylation of methylated ARID5B. This modification leads to targeting of the PHF2-ARID5B complex to its target promoters, where it removes the repressive H3K9Me2 mark. Replacement of all of four serine residues by alanines (4SA: Ser 757/Ser 899/Ser 954/Ser 1056) fully abrogated PKA phosphorylation of PHF2 (Fig. 2h)." SIGNOR-264510 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000018 22024926 t miannu "Here, we show that a relatively new E3 ligase component belonging to the SCF (Skip-Cullin1-F-box protein) E3 ligase family, SCF (FBXL2) , impairs cell proliferation by mediating cyclin D3 polyubiquitination and degradation. " SIGNOR-271888 RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination Lys461 GPEENEYkSEGTFGI 9606 BTO:0000007 20483786 t miannu "In this study, we showed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RING-finger protein 5 (RNF5) interacted with VISA at mitochondria in a viral infection-dependent manner. Domain mapping experiments indicated that the C-terminal transmembrane domain of VISA was required for its interaction with RNF5. RNF5 targeted VISA at K362 and K461 for K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation after viral infection, whereas knockdown of RNF5 reversed virus-induced downregulation of VISA at the early phase. " SIGNOR-271489 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10347142 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 phosphorylate beta-arrestin1 at ser-412 in vitro. . in the resting state, cytosolic arrestin1 proteins are constitutively phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) at ser412, located within their distal c terminus. erk-phosphorylated arrestin1 is unable to associate with clathrin cages, whereas this constraint is removed upon its dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-270190 "SEC61 complex" complex SIGNOR-C368 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 33925740 t lperfetto "The Sec61 complex in the ER membrane represents the major entry point for precursor polypeptides into the membrane or lumen of the ER and provides a conduit for Ca2+ ions from the ER lumen to the cytosol. " SIGNOR-265284 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000298 8974401 t lperfetto "A MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), termed ASK1, was identified that activated two different subgroups of MAP kinase kinases (MAPKK), SEK1 (or MKK4) and MKK3/MAPKK6 (or MKK6), which in turn activated stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK, also known as JNK; c-Jun amino-terminal kinase) and p38 subgroups of MAP kinases, respectively." SIGNOR-236110 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser104 FPPLNSVsPSPLMLL 9606 11108261 t lperfetto "Studies using mutants of er-alpha demonstrated that akt increased estrogen receptor activity through the amino-terminal activation function-1 (af-1). Serines s104 s106, s118, and s167 appear to play a role in the activation of er-alpha by akt." SIGNOR-84963 "NMDA receptor_2C" complex SIGNOR-C349 SIGNOR calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 30037851 t miannu "NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). " SIGNOR-264220 MMP16 protein P51512 UNIPROT ECM_disassembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH80 SIGNOR up-regulates 17318226 f lperfetto "Historically, MMPs were thought to function mainly as enzymes that degrade structural components of the ECM." SIGNOR-272361 N'-(1,8-dimethyl-4-imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalinyl)ethane-1,2-diamine chemical CHEBI:91340 ChEBI IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258190 FBXW8 protein Q8N3Y1 UNIPROT "Cullin 7-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C528 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 17205132 t miannu "FBXW8 associates with CUL1 or CUL7 and forms a complex with SKP1 and RBX1. We next investigated whether in vitro ubiquitination of cyclin D1 through the SCF-like (SCFL) complex FBXW8 (SKP1-CUL7-FBXW8-RBX1/SCFLFBXW8) requires phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 (Fig. 3F). Polyubiquitination through SCFLFBXW8 was dramatically reduced by the depletion of ERK2 (lane 2). Furthermore, cyclin D1 polyubiquitination was largely prevented by the alanine-for-Thr286 substitution (T286A, lane 3), suggesting that phosphorylation of cyclin D1 at Thr286 is necessary for ubiquitination by SCFLFBXW8." SIGNOR-271631 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1623 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203512 17beta-estradiol smallmolecule CHEBI:16469 ChEBI GPER1 protein Q99527 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 15705806 t Luana "Competition binding assays of E2-Alexa 633 binding with 17β-estradiol demonstrated a Ki for 17β-estradiol of approximately 6.6 nM for GPR30 (Fig. 2F). These results demonstrate that a classic GPCR superfamily member directly binds a sex steroid hormone and that GPR30 is an estrogen-binding receptor. |Activating GPR30 by estrogen resulted in intracellular calcium mobilization and synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in the nucleus." SIGNOR-269752 "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266476 PRKG1 protein Q13976 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr159 DNKLRRYtTFSKRKT 10090 12809504 t gcesareni "Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), a muscle- and neuron-restricted kinase, enhanced SRF-mediated promoter activity of the skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin genes in C2C12 myoblasts as well as in nonmyogenic cells. | Threonine 159 in the MADS box alphaI coil was a specific phosphorylation target in vitro as well as in vivo of both DMPK and protein kinase C-alpha. " SIGNOR-188185 CSTF2 protein P33240 UNIPROT "CSTF complex" complex SIGNOR-C441 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 10669729 t lperfetto "We therefore first identified regions of the CstF subunits, CstF-77, CstF-64, and CstF-50, required for interaction with each other. " SIGNOR-268366 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT BAZ1B protein Q9UIG0 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser158 KSDGACDsPSSDKEN 9606 19776015 t gcesareni "Wstf, a specific component of two chromatin remodeling complexes (swi/snf-type winac and iswi-type wich), was phosphorylated by the stimulation of mapk cascades in vitro and in vivo. Ser-158 residue in the wac (wstf/acf1/cbpq46) domain, located close to the n terminus of wstf, was identified as a major phosphorylation target" SIGNOR-188164 FOXJ1 protein Q92949 UNIPROT SPAG6 protein O75602 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000939 23822649 t miannu "FOXJ1 expression in basal cells induced the expression of a panel of cilia-associated genes, including centrin 2 (CETN2); dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 11 (DNAH11); dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1); dynein, axonemal, light intermediate chain 1 (DNALI1); EF-hand domain, C-terminal, containing 1 (EFHC1); sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6); tektin 1 (TEKT1), TEKT2 and tubulin, alpha 1a (TUBA1A; Figure 3C and Additional file 2: Table S1)." SIGNOR-266935 SPI1 protein P17947 UNIPROT ANXA1 protein P04083 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19428102 f miannu "Identification of annexin 1 as a PU.1 target gene in leukemia cells. PU.1 is a master regulator, and critical for the developmen tof a common progenitor for lymphoid-myeloid cell lineages in the hematopoietic system. From microarray analysis, we found that several genes including annexin 1 were markedly induced in K562PU.1KD cells. Annexin 1 is a calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein and increased expression leads to the constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)" SIGNOR-261688 MDH2 protein P40926 UNIPROT NAD(1-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57540 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24068518 t miannu "Malate is dehydrogenated to produce oxaloacetate by the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase. In this reaction NAD is converted to NADH2. Oxaloacetate formed in this reaction reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate in order to start another round of the citric acid cycle" SIGNOR-268100 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 11744734 t "PFKFB3, is highly induced by hypoxia and the hypoxia mimics cobalt and desferrioxamine. This induction could be replicated by the use of an inhibitor of the prolyl hydroxylase enzymes responsible for the von Hippel Lindau (VHL)-dependent destabilization and tagging of HIF-1α. The absolute dependence of the PFKFB3 gene on HIF-1 was confirmed by its overexpression in VHL-deficient cells and by the lack of hypoxic induction in mouse embryonic fibroblasts conditionally nullizygous for HIF-1α" SIGNOR-267388 EFTUD2 protein Q15029 UNIPROT "U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C478 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270639 phosphonatoenolpyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:58702 ChEBI pyruvate smallmolecule CHEBI:15361 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 15996096 t miannu "Pyruvate kinase (PK)1 is an important regulatory enzyme that is able to generate ATP under hypoxic conditions as well as regulate glucose consumption. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last step in glycolysis converting the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, while producing one molecule of ATP per reaction per cycle (Figure 1A)." SIGNOR-266538 SATB2 protein Q9UPW6 UNIPROT IGHM protein P01871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 14701874 t gianni "The SATB2 protein was shown to bind MAR sequences flanking the enhancer of the endogenous immunoglobulin μ heavy chain (IgH) gene in vivo, and this binding was found to correlate with an increase in the expression of a transfected rearranged μ wild-type gene" SIGNOR-268933 BTK protein Q06187 UNIPROT BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr216 SSTSLAQyDSNSKKI 9606 12573241 t lperfetto "Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (tfks) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the sh3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism." SIGNOR-98028 ACE protein P12821 UNIPROT Angiotensin-2 protein P01019-PRO_0000032458 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 32201502 t MIANNU "Ang I is subsequently converted into the major RAS effector peptide Ang II or Ang (1–8), through activity of the zinc-dependent protease ACE, which hydrolyzes two amino acids from the carboxy terminus of Ang I" SIGNOR-260236 RANBP9 protein Q96S59 UNIPROT DYRK1B protein Q9Y463 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 14500717 t llicata "Serine/threonine kinase Mirk/Dyrk1B is an inhibitor of epithelial cell migration and is negatively regulated by the Met adaptor Ran-binding protein M." SIGNOR-238008 "Ub:E1 (UBA6 substrate)" complex SIGNOR-C496 SIGNOR UBE2B protein P63146 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271368 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11559745 t lperfetto "P300/cbp proteins: hats for transcriptional bridges and scaffolds" SIGNOR-110562 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1721 SPTSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself" SIGNOR-203540 Aflibercept chemical SID:134445687 ChEBI PGF protein P49763 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 22813448 t miannu "Aflibercept, a fusion protein with binding domains from native VEGF receptors, binds VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factors 1 and 2 with high affinity.This soluble decoy receptor is produced by fusing all-human DNA sequences of the second immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of human VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 1 to the third Ig domain of human VEGFR-2, which then is fused to the Fc region of human IgG-1.2 Aflibercept binds to all VEGF-A and VEGF-B isoforms, as well as the highly related placental growth factor." SIGNOR-259385 H2BC11 protein P06899 UNIPROT "Nucleosome_H2A.Z.2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C323 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 24311584 t miannu "In the nucleosome, two of each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the histone octamer and about 145–147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around it . The histone H2A.Z variant is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Two isoforms, H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2, have been identified in vertebrates and may have distinct functions in cell growth and gene expression. However, no structural differences between H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 have been reported. In the present study, the crystal structures of nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 and H2A.Z.2 were determined." SIGNOR-263710 SPC24 protein Q8NBT2 UNIPROT "Ndc80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C361 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 27881301 t lperfetto "Kinetochores, multisubunit protein assemblies, connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules to promote chromosome segregation. The 10-subunit KMN assembly (comprising KNL1, MIS12, and NDC80 complexes, designated KNL1C, MIS12C, and NDC80C) binds microtubules and regulates mitotic checkpoint function through NDC80C and KNL1C, respectively. |NDC80C contains the NDC80, NUF2, SPC24, and SPC25 subunits" SIGNOR-265185 MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT COL2A1 protein P02458 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" cleavage Gly774 RGDVGEKgPEGAPGK -1 17318226 t lperfetto "In vitro, MMP1 initiates degradation of native fibrillar collagens, crucial components of vertebrate extracellular matrix (ECM), by cleaving the peptide bond between Gly775–Ile776 or Gly775–Lys776 in native type I, II or III collagen molecules3,4. " SIGNOR-272338 PPP2R1A protein P30153 UNIPROT PP2Ca_R1A_Bd complex SIGNOR-C133 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243445 SNRPE protein P62304 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270657 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF220 protein Q5VTB9 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271166 NME1 protein P15531 UNIPROT KSR1 protein Q8IVT5 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser406 TRLRRTEsVPSDINN -1 12105213 t miannu "Mutation of Ser392 to alanine consistently reduced Nm23-H1 phosphorylation, confirming it as a site of Nm23-H1 kinase activity The unique phosphorylation pattern of KSR by Nm23-H1 will be the subject of further investigation to determine its effects on KSR protein binding, subcellular localization, response to various signals, etc." SIGNOR-250299 FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 16670091 f lperfetto "FOXO1 coexpression dose-dependently repressed transcription from either the PPARgamma 1 or PPARgamma2 promoter reporter by 65%, whereas insulin (100 nm, 20-24 h) either partially or completely reversed this effect." SIGNOR-218013 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLPRPE 9606 16272144 t gcesareni "FOXO4 transcription factor, also referred to AFX, contains three putative phosphorylation motif sites for protein kinase B (PKB), Thr32, Ser197, and Ser262, and it is proposed that phosphorylated FOXO4 stays in the cytosol and is imported to the nucleus through dephosphorylation to induce target gene expression.[...]These results indicate that phosphorylation at Thr32 and Ser197 is indispensable, whereas that at Ser262 is not critical, for regulation of the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of FOXO4" SIGNOR-248055 "Caspase 3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C221 SIGNOR STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp349 RVASTMTdGANTMIE 9534 BTO:0004055 11517310 t lperfetto "In response to apoptotic stimuli, caspase cleavage of mst1 occurs at asp-326 and asp-349, resulting in the separation of its n-terminal kinase domain from the nes-containing c-terminal domain. Thus, caspase cleavage of mst1 serves two purposes: one is activation of mst1 kinase activity and the other is translocation of mst1 into the nucleus." SIGNOR-256445 AUTS2 protein Q8WXX7 UNIPROT PREX1 protein Q8TCU6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0001909 25533347 t miannu "Mutations in the Autism susceptibility candidate 2 gene (AUTS2), whose protein is believed to act in neuronal cell nuclei, have been associated with multiple psychiatric illnesses, including autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Here we show that cytoplasmic AUTS2 is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and neural development.  AUTS2 activates Rac1 to induce lamellipodia but downregulates Cdc42 to suppress filopodia. Our loss-of-function and rescue experiments show that a cytoplasmic AUTS2-Rac1 pathway is involved in cortical neuronal migration and neuritogenesis in the developing brain. These results suggest that FL-AUTS2 can activate Rac1 via interaction with P-Rex1 and the Elmo2/Dock180 complex to regulate actin dynamics in N1E-115 cells." SIGNOR-266817 PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr1009 LDTSSVLyTAVQPNE 9606 1396585 t llicata "These data show that tyrosine phosphorylation of plc-gamma is dependent on autophosphorylation of the pdgf beta-receptor at tyr1009 and tyr1021." SIGNOR-18575 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT CD3E protein P07766 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 2470098 t "Last, we demonstrate directly that members of the CD3 complex, including the gamma, delta, and epsilon chains, as well as a putative zeta subunit, can be phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by the CD4/CD8.p56lck complex." SIGNOR-259930 dexamethasone chemical CHEBI:41879 ChEBI GLUL protein P15104 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000763 8099704 f miannu "GS transcripts were measured by laser densitometry and normalized to actin, and GS specific activity was also determined. Following a single injection of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg), lung GS activity increased by 40% at 4 hours and by 75% at 8 hours. The dexamethasone-mediated increase in GS activity was associated with a marked increase in GS mRNA levels, which preceded the increase in enzyme activity by approximately 2 hours." SIGNOR-267827 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT ADAP1 protein O75689 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser87 AARARFEsKVPSFYY -1 12893243 t lperfetto "The sites of phosphorylation by PKCalpha on centaurin-alpha1‚ were identified as S87 (peptide ARFEK) and T276 (peptide WFMDDRR) (‚ Fig. 5).‚ " SIGNOR-249223 8-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one chemical CHEBI:91845 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258693 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser301 SSSPNNLsPTGWSQP 9606 16407412 t gcesareni "Using mass spectrometry, we identified raf-1 phosphorylation on three sp motif sites: s289/s296/s301. These sites were phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)-1 in vitro, and their phosphorylation in vivo was dependent on endogenous erk activity. Functionally, erk-1 expression sustains raf-1 activation in a manner dependent on raf-1 phosphorylation on the identified sites, and s289/296/301a substitution markedly decreases the in vivo activity of raf-1 s259a." SIGNOR-143696 CFAP53 protein Q96M91 UNIPROT Axonemal_Dynein proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF66 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000379 33347437 t miannu "CFAP53 associates with axonemal microtubules of tracheal cilia and interacts with dynein proteins and the docking complex (DC)" SIGNOR-265547 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr451 PIPKALGtPVLTPPT 9606 15538382 t lperfetto "Upon treatment of cells with h2o2, the small gtpase ral is activated and this results in a jnk-dependent phosphorylation of foxo4 on threonine 447 and threonine 451. This ral-mediated, jnk-dependent phosphorylation is involved in the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of foxo4 after h2o2 treatment." SIGNOR-130381 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT ARID4A protein P29374 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser864 RKILGQSsPEKKIRI 9606 21148318 t gcesareni "In the present study we identified rbp1 as a novel cdk substrate. Rbp1 is phosphorylated by cdk2 on serines 864 and 1007, which are n- and c-terminal to the lxcxe motif, respectively. Cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of rbp1 or prb destabilizes their interaction in vitro, with concurrent phosphorylation of both proteins leading to their dissociation" SIGNOR-170455 HECW2 protein Q9P2P5 UNIPROT TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" ubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 12890487 t miannu "P73 was efficiently ubiquitinated but stabilized in a NEDL2-dependent manner. Accordingly, p73 decayed at faster rates in the absence of NEDL2 than in its presence. Consistent with the NEDL2-mediated stabilization of p73, NEDL2 enhanced the p73-dependent transcriptional activation. Thus, our results suggest that NEDL2 activates the function of p73 by increasing its stability." SIGNOR-269457 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT MYF5 protein P13349 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001103 21902831 f gcesareni "Chen et al. showed that phosphorylated creb is present at high levels in cells of the dermomyotome that express pax3, myod and myf5 and that this phosphorylation is critical for the induction of these genes." SIGNOR-176533 DIP2A protein Q14689 UNIPROT SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000142 33781892 t miannu "DIP2a is associated with SOD in the mitochondria of mouse brain. DIP2a knockout inhibited SOD activity. In this paper, we analyzed the interacting proteins of DIP2A by mass spectrum analysis and found that DIP2A was correlated with superoxide dismutase (SOD), SOD1 and SOD2. Knockout of DIP2A decreased SOD activity and increased the level of ROS in the mouse brain." SIGNOR-266592 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 EPIQMENsMGTLRTS 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251210 LRRC4 protein Q9HBW1 UNIPROT CDKN1B protein P46527 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000142 25526788 f miannu "LRRC4/NGL-2 can delay the cell cycle in late G1 by increasing the expression of cell cycle inhibitory molecules (p21, p27) and reducing the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CyclinD1, CDK2, CyclinE, CDK4) via the inhibition of K-Ras/c-Raf/ERK/MAPK, PI-3K/AKT/NF- κB, p70S6/PKC and STAT3, and the upregulation of the JNK2/c-Jun/mp53 signaling pathway." SIGNOR-264054 ruxolitinib chemical CHEBI:66919 ChEBI JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-206667 TNKS protein O95271 UNIPROT BLZF1 protein Q9H2G9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ADP-ribosylation 9606 BTO:0000007 21478859 t lperfetto "Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation." SIGNOR-263385 GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256768 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr277 GSRTAPYtPNLPHHQ 9606 12801888 t lperfetto "Our results suggest that map kinase can phosphorylate thr276 of smad4 and that phosphorylation can lead to enhanced tgf-beta-induced nuclear accumulation and, as a consequence, enhanced transcriptional activity of smad4." SIGNOR-244739 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RGS19 protein P49795 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser151 EDYVSILsPKEVSLD 9606 15488168 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of gaip by erk2 were abrogated when serine at position 151 in the rgs domain was substituted by an alanine residue using site-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, the lysosomal-autophagic pathway was not stimulated in s151a-gaip mutant-expressing cells when compared with wild-type gaip-expressing cells. These results demonstrate that the gtpase-activating protein activity of gaip is stimulated by erk2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-129883 CDC7 protein O00311 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser139 RRGLLYDsDEEDEER 9606 16446360 t gcesareni "In the present study, we report the identification of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation sites on mcm2 and determine the functional role of cdc7/dbf4 phosphorylation of mcm2 in the initiation of dna replication in human cells." SIGNOR-143988 Guanfacine chemical CHEBI:5558 ChEBI ADRA2A protein P08913 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000007 9605427 t miannu "AR agonists stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgS to HEK 293 cell membranes containing the human a2a, a2b, or a2c ARs (Fig. 6). EPI and NE were full agonists; clonidine and oxymetazoline were partial agonists, while antagonists (e.g. rauwolscine, 5 mM) did not stimulate [35S]GTPgS incorporation (Table 3). Although a few agonists showed a great deal of selectivity for a single receptor subtype, the rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (Table 3) was: a2a: Dexmedetomidine . guanabenz . UK-14304 .clonidine . ST-91 . NE a2b: Dexmedetomidine . clonidine . guanabenz . NE .ST-91 . UK-14304 a2c: Dexmedetomidine . NE . UK-14304 . ST-91 $ clonidine .. guanabenz" SIGNOR-258919 PTGIR protein P43119 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256806 GRIN2A protein Q12879 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 20950656 t lperfetto "In addition, neurons also possess unique systems for local Ca2+ signaling at synapses including; presynaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ channels coupled to the synaptic vesicle membrane fusion machinery [39]; postsynaptic excitatory glutamate receptor channels which flux either Na+ (AMPA receptors) or Ca2+ (NMDA receptors) [40] and [41]; and Ca2+-binding proteins" SIGNOR-251578 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251637 IL10RA protein Q13651 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000801 26260587 t "IL10R2 recruits cytoplasmic protein Jak1 followed by phosphorylation of tyrosine at position 705 in the STAT3 (705Y-STAT3) molecule. Phosphorylated STAT3 forms a homodimer, which is then translocated to the nucleus to facilitate transcriptional regulation of target genes." SIGNOR-253589 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAP2 protein Q9UGK3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr250 PFLLDEDyEKVLGYV BTO:0000007 12540842 t lperfetto "To examine this possibility, STAP-2 was co-transfected with constitutively active tyrosine kinases in HEK-293 cells. STAP-2 was strongly phosphorylated by various tyrosine kinases, including v-Src (Fig.2 A-a), a JAK2 tyrosine kinase |On the other hand, the phosphorylation levels of Y22F, Y310F, and Y322F by GST-JH1 were reduced to 80€“60% of the levels of wild-type STAP-2, which suggests that these three are potential phosphorylation sites by activated JAK2." SIGNOR-249371 CDC73 protein Q6P1J9 UNIPROT CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 16630820 t gcesareni "Parafibromin/hyrax activates wnt/wg target gene transcription by direct association with beta-catenin/armadillo" SIGNOR-146282 MPO protein P05164 UNIPROT MPO-ANCA complex SIGNOR-C474 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000133 15972951 t lperfetto "Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and idiopathic pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis are associated with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs)." SIGNOR-270585 EDNRB protein P24530 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256924 LPAR2 protein Q9HBW0 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257257 CD55 protein P08174 UNIPROT ADGRE5 protein P48960 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000142 12417446 t gcesareni "This interaction may facilitate cell activation and migration through the blood-brain barrier. In addition, cd97-cd55 interactions in the parenchyma of the brain may contribute to the inflammation." SIGNOR-95458 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR BRAF protein P15056 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser428 GPQRERKsSSSSEDR 9606 10869359 t lperfetto "We show that phosphorylation of b-raf by akt occurs at multiple residues within its amino terminal regulatory domain, at both the conserved and unique phosphorylation sites. Akt phosphorylated b-raf on s364 and s428 to inactivate its kinase activity b-raf contains three akt consensus sites, table i. One site, ser364 is conserved with c-raf;however, two sites, ser428 and thr439, are unique to b-raf" SIGNOR-244160 RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21808241 t "Mst1/2 are pro-apoptotic kinases that are activated by caspase cleavage" milica "Mst1/2 is also activated by binding to Ras association domain family (RASSF) proteins, possibly owing to alteration of Mst1/2 subcellular localization." SIGNOR-175793 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 23151663 t gcesareni "Znrf3 is associated with the wnt receptor complex, and inhibits wntby promoting the turnover of frizzled and lrp6." SIGNOR-199650 USP22 protein Q9UPT9 UNIPROT SIRT1 protein Q96EB6 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 26049753 t "USP22 expression was regulated by c-MYC and contributed to c-MYC mediated reduction in SIRT1 polyubiquitination and degradation. USP22 directly interacted with and removing polyubiquitin chains from SIRT1 to increase SIRT1 protein stabilization and expression. These results support a role for USP22 in MYC-mediated increase in SIRT1 protein stabilization, and indicate that FLT3-ITD, c-MYC and USP22 form an oncogenic network that enhances SIRT1 expression and activity in leukemic cells." SIGNOR-261561 "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR CRHR2 protein Q13324 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268589 "Microprocessor complex" complex SIGNOR-C356 SIGNOR NcRNA_processing phenotype SIGNOR-PH95 SIGNOR up-regulates 24581491 f lperfetto "Microprocessor minimally comprises the ribonuclease DROSHA and its double-stranded RNA-binding partner DGCR8 (Denli et al., 2004; Gregory et al., 2004). Microprocessor recognizes pri-miRNA through the stem-loop (Zeng et al., 2005) and the stem-loop-ssRNA junction (Han et al., 2006), and cleaves both the 5′ and 3′ flanking segments to generate pre-miRNA." SIGNOR-264850 QSOX2 protein Q6ZRP7 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 18034316 f miannu "a pro-apoptotic member of the QSOX superfamily, QSOXN, was described (Wittke et al. 2003). QSOXN was shown to sensitize neuroblastoma cells to INFγ-induced apoptosis, by still unknown mechanisms. In this context, absence of QSOX in fetal epithelia may prevent apoptosis." SIGNOR-261365 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation "Ser189; Ser283" SGILGITsPSADTNK;DMKANLAsPTPADIG 9606 BTO:0003079 22593617 t Gianni "In this study, we demonstrated that PAX5 was phosphorylated by ERK1/2 in vitro and in vivo at serines 189 and 283. This phosphorylation attenuated the transcriptional repression of BLIMP1 by PAX5." SIGNOR-269087 PIM1 protein P11309 UNIPROT ABCG2 protein Q9UNQ0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr362 GEKKKKItVFKEISY 9606 BTO:0001130 18056989 t lperfetto "Pim-1 kinase phosphorylates BCRP/ABCG2 and thereby promotes its multimerization and drug-resistant activity in human prostate cancer cells|This is further corroborated by our finding that the plasma membrane localization and drug-resistant activity of BCRP were compromised by T362A mutation." SIGNOR-264420 NFASC protein O94856 UNIPROT ANK1 protein P16157 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000227 7961622 t miannu "Neurofascin, L1, NrCAM, NgCAM, and neuroglian are membrane-spanning cell adhesion molecules with conserved cytoplasmic domains that are believed to play important roles in development of the nervous system. This report presents biochemical evidence that the cytoplasmic domains of these molecules associate directly with ankyrins, a family of spectrin-binding proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of specialized plasma membrane domains." SIGNOR-266718 LEPR protein P48357 UNIPROT POMC protein P01189 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" 27154742 f lperfetto "Leptin binding inhibits the neuropeptide Y/agouti-related protein (NPY/AgRP) production and stimulates pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) production" SIGNOR-253074 BMAL1/NPAS2 complex SIGNOR-C431 SIGNOR PER1 protein O15534 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20817722 t miannu "The mammalian clock is regulated at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop. BMAL1/clock (or NPAS2) heterodimers activate the expression of the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) genes acting as transcription factors directed to the PER and CRY promoters via E-box elements." SIGNOR-267970 BLOC1S2 protein Q6QNY1 UNIPROT BLOC-1 complex SIGNOR-C381 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 22203680 t lperfetto "We show that BLOC-1 is an elongated complex that contains one copy each of the eight subunits pallidin, Cappuccino, dysbindin, Snapin, Muted, BLOS1, BLOS2, and BLOS3. The complex appears as a linear chain of eight globular domains, ∼300 A long and ∼30 A in diameter." SIGNOR-265937 NCOA4 protein Q13772 UNIPROT KLK3 protein P07288 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004191 18649734 f "The PSA promoter activity was detected by transient expression assay in the PC-J and LNCaP cells but not in androgen insensitive PC-3 cells. When the PC-J cells were cotransfected with androgen receptor, androgen receptor coactivators and PSA reporter vector cells, the reporter assays indicated that nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) but not androgen receptor activator 24 (ARA24) increased the sensitivity and maximum stimulation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-inducing PSA promoter activity." SIGNOR-253659 SMARCB1 protein Q12824 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270755 VHL protein P40337 UNIPROT VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11574546 t miannu "The von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) forms a protein complex (VCB-Cul2) with elongin C, elongin B, Cul-2, and Rbx1, which functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3). The alpha-subunits of the hypoxia-inducible factors have been identified as targets for the VCB-Cul2 ubiquitin ligase. " SIGNOR-272585 INS protein P01308 UNIPROT CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000011 11279134 f lperfetto "The differentiation of 3t3-l1 preadipocytes is regulated in part by a cascade of transcriptional events involving activation of the ccaat/enhancer-binding proteins (c/ebps) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) by dexamethasone (dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (mix), and insulin" SIGNOR-250565 BDKRB1 protein P46663 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257411 BID protein P55957 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17289999 t gcesareni "We find short peptides representing the alpha-helical bh3 domains of bid or bim are capable of inducing oligomerization of bak and bax to release cytochrome cthe first alfa helix of bax plays a necessary role in its ligand-induced activation by the bh3-only proteins bid and puma" SIGNOR-152929 HOXD12 protein P35452 UNIPROT MEIS1 protein O00470 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 9343407 t 2 miannu "We now show that the Hoxa-9 protein physically interacts with Meis1 proteins. Hox proteins from the other AbdB-like paralogs, Hoxa-10, Hoxa-11, Hoxd-12, and Hoxb-13, also form DNA binding complexes with Meis1b. DNA binding complexes formed by Meis1 with Hox proteins dissociate much more slowly than DNA complexes with Meis1 alone, suggesting that Hox proteins stabilize the interactions of Meis1 proteins with their DNA targets." SIGNOR-241232 RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR PI3K complex SIGNOR-C156 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17306385 t miannu "Another phospholipid modifying signaling pathway activated by RTKs is the PI3K pathway. This heterodimeric enzyme comprises two subunits, the p85 regulatory subunit harboring two SH2 domains, and the p110 catalytic subunit. PI3K activation may be achieved by binding of its p85 regulatory subunit to an activated receptor. Alternatively, RTK signaling may activate the small G protein Ras, which in turn recruits PI3K to the plasma membrane and induces a stimulatory conformational change in the lipid kinase" SIGNOR-256166 GRK5 protein P34947 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser373 SMGTLRTsISVERQI 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251208 SMARCD2 protein Q92925 UNIPROT "Brain-specific SWI/SNF SMARCA4 variant" complex SIGNOR-C486 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11790558 t miannu " Whereas chromatin-remodeling complexes are generally thought to promote gene expression, recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the SWI/SNF complex may also be involved in transcriptional repression . The subunit composition of the different human complexes that belong to this family is listed in Table 1. Several of the subunits, including SNF5/INI1, are common to all complexes and may constitute its core." SIGNOR-270753 MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr221 AGTSFMMtPYVVTRY 9606 BTO:0000007 17761173 t lperfetto "We next examined whether the phosphorylation of JNK at threonine 183 (Thr183) and tyrosine 185 (Tyr185) was enhanced by GRASP‐1 expression. Phosphorylation of Thr183 and Tyr185 by SEK1/MKK4, which is in turn phosphorylated and activated by several kinases including MEKK1, is known to activate JNK1/2/3" SIGNOR-260614 EP300 protein Q09472 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT up-regulates acetylation Lys70 GKAVRGAkGHHHPHP 9606 12408818 t gcesareni "Here we present evidence that smad7 interacts with the transcriptional coactivator p300, resulting in acetylation of smad7 on two lysine residues in its n terminus. Acetylation or mutation of these lysine residues stabilizes smad7 and protects it from tgfbeta-induced degradation. we have recently shown that smad7 is acetylated on lysine residues 64 and 70 by p300" SIGNOR-95169 FBXO2 protein Q9UK22 UNIPROT STUB1 protein Q9UNE7 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0001009 16682404 t miannu "Through this novel interaction, which is mediated by the TPR domain of CHIP and an N-terminal PEST domain of Fbx2, CHIP facilitates the ubiquitination and degradation of Fbx2-bound glycoproteins. This study highlights a novel mechanism of F-box protein-mediated ubiquitination that contributes to glycoprotein homeostasis." SIGNOR-271589 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr420 QFNQRFIyGNQDLFA 10090 BTO:0002417 16387660 t gcesareni "Tyrosine phosphorylation of Itch appears to reduce its interaction with its substrate JunB. The turnover of JunB is accelerated in Fyn-deficient T cells, which is further reconstituted by Itch Tyr371 mutation" SIGNOR-245332 PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT GAB2 protein Q9UQC2 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr614 KSTGSVDyLALDFQP 9606 15170389 t gcesareni "Expression of the gab2 tyr-614-->phe (y614f) mutant, defective in shp-2 association, prevents erk (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) activation and expression of a luciferase reporter plasmid driven by the c-fos sre (serum response element), indicating that interaction of shp-2 with gab2 is required for erk activation in response to il-2." SIGNOR-124958 CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT HDAC3 protein O15379 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15713663 t gcesareni "Collectively, these studies suggest an important role of cyclin d1 in regulation of ppargamma-mediated adipocyte differentiation through recruitment of hdacs to regulate ppar response element local chromatin structure and ppargamma function." SIGNOR-134056 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT ACLY protein P53396 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr447 NASGSTStPAPSRTA 10653665 t "Thr 446 and Ser 450, which are phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Phosphorylation resulted in a 6-fold increase in V(max) and the conversion of citrate dependence from sigmoidal, displaying negative cooperativity, to hyperbolic." SIGNOR-251219 "PB28 dihydrochloride" chemical CID:46861545 PUBCHEM SIGMAR1 protein Q99720 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000093 16891467 t Federica "Cyclohexylpiperazine derivative PB28, a σ2 agonist and σ1 antagonist receptor, inhibits cell growth, modulates P-glycoprotein, and synergizes with anthracyclines in breast cancer" SIGNOR-261111 RNF2 protein Q99496 UNIPROT "Noncanonical PRC1" complex SIGNOR-C151 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 25533466 t miannu "inhibition of adipogenesis does not require the JmjC demethylase domain of FBXL10, but it does require the F-box and leucine-rich repeat domains, which we show recruit a noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) containing RING1B, SKP1, PCGF1, and BCOR." SIGNOR-255277 DUSP9 protein Q99956 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR down-regulates binding 9606 21908610 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that inactivation of both erk1/2 and p38_ by dusp9/mkp-4 is mediated by a conserved arginine-rich kinase interaction motif located within the amino-terminal non-catalytic domain of the protein." SIGNOR-269902 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR MARCHF7 protein Q9H992 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270948 RAD51AP1 protein Q96B01 UNIPROT RAD51 protein Q06609 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17996711 t miannu "Homologous recombination (HR) repairs chromosome damage and is indispensable for tumor suppression in humans. RAD51 mediates the DNA strand-pairing step in HR. RAD51 associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) is a RAD51-interacting protein whose function has remained elusive. Biochemical and cytological results show that RAD51AP1 functions at a step subsequent to the assembly of the RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament. Purified RAD51AP1 binds both dsDNA and a D loop structure and, only when able to interact with RAD51, greatly stimulates the RAD51-mediated D loop reaction." SIGNOR-261962 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT SREBF1 protein P36956 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser117 YPSMPAFsPGPGIKE 9606 BTO:0000599 10915800 t lperfetto "Map kinases erk1/2 phosphorylate sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srebp)-1a at serine 117 in vitro. mutation of serine 117 to alanine abolished erk2-mediated phosphorylation in vitro and the map kinase-related transcriptional activation of srebp-1a by insulin and platelet-derived growth factor in vivo." SIGNOR-80096 MAP2K1 protein Q02750 UNIPROT MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 10090 11730323 t "Raf proteins have been shown to phosphorylate and activate MAPKKs (MAP kinase kinases) called MEKs (MAPK or ERK kinases) which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs (MAP kinases) called ERKs" SIGNOR-258993 CHMP4C protein Q96CF2 UNIPROT ESCRT-III complex SIGNOR-C379 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 26775243 t miannu "The ESCRT machinery drives a diverse collection of membrane remodeling events, including multivesicular body biogenesis, release of enveloped retroviruses and both reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinetic abscission during mitotic exit. ESCRT-III subunits (CHMPs, for Charged Multivesicular Body Proteins [32], or Chromatin Modifying Proteins [33]) transition between soluble and polymerising states, and assemble in a defined order to form a membrane-remodeling filament that brings about membrane fission." SIGNOR-265528 dopamine smallmolecule CHEBI:18243 ChEBI DRD2 protein P14416 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 1975644 t miannu "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. A dopamine receptor has been characterized which differs in its pharmacology and signalling system from the D1 or D2 receptor and represents both an autoreceptor and a postsynaptic receptor. Table1. pharmacology of D2 and D3 receptors expressed in CHO cells." SIGNOR-258376 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT WT1 protein P19544 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser365 KDCERRFsRSDQLKR 9606 9366517 t llicata "Pka phosphorylated wt1 at ser-365 and ser-393 in vitro, as well as at additional sites, and this phosphorylation abolished the dna-binding activity of wt1 in vitro. Using wt1 mutants in which ser-365 and ser-393 were mutated to ala individually and in combination, we showed that phosphorylation of these sites was critical for inhibition of dna binding in vivo." SIGNOR-53172 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT MAG protein P20916 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 27639396 f SimoneGraziosi "We found that inactivation of Shh signaling caused a dose-dependent decrease in myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) in differentiating OLGs." SIGNOR-269227 POLR2K protein P53803 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266150 ponatinib chemical CHEBI:78543 ChEBI FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 23430109 t lperfetto "We assessed the in vitro activity of ponatinib against clinically relevant FLT3-ITD mutant isoforms that confer resistance to AC220 or sorafenib. Substitution of the FLT3 ""gatekeeper"" phenylalanine with leucine (F691L) conferred mild resistance to ponatinib, but substitutions at the FLT3 activation loop (AL) residue D835 conferred a high degree of resistance." SIGNOR-261983 CSNK1A1L protein Q8N752 UNIPROT GLIS2 protein Q9BZE0 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 17289029 f gcesareni "We decided to focus on the interaction between _-catenin and glis2. the critical role of the first zinc finger motif was confirmed by the observation that a point mutation in the first zinc finger motif, that destroys its tetrahedral configuration, abolished the interaction. _-catenin contains several functional domains, the amino terminus interacts with gsk3_ and casein kinase i_ (ck1) binding sites while its 12 armadillo repeats provides an interface for tcf/lefs, the co-activator cbp, and several other proteins" SIGNOR-152962 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT RGS19 protein P49795 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser151 EDYVSILsPKEVSLD 9606 10993892 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of gaip by erk2 were abrogated when serine at position 151 in the rgs domain was substituted by an alanine residue using site-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, the lysosomal-autophagic pathway was not stimulated in s151a-gaip mutant-expressing cells when compared with wild-type gaip-expressing cells. These results demonstrate that the gtpase-activating protein activity of gaip is stimulated by erk2 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-82083 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO4 protein P98177 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21798082 t gcesareni "Akt inactivates protein degradation by phosphorylating and thus repressing the transcription factors of the foxo family, and stimulates protein synthesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (gsk3b)." SIGNOR-175291 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser266 FGYGGRAsDYKSAHK -1 2413024 t lperfetto "MBP was phosphorylated by either protein kinase A or C | Subsequent amino acid analysis and/or sequential Edman degradation of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence of this protein, revealed that Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161 at various reaction velocities." SIGNOR-248873 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser777 SMPLDQYsPSFPDTR 9606 23405013 t lperfetto "Erk-mediated phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 on ser777 inhibits signaling" SIGNOR-200884 GSK3B/Axin/APC complex SIGNOR-C110 SIGNOR CTNNB1 protein P35222 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser33 QQQSYLDsGIHSGAT 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 19303846 t lperfetto "GSK3β regulates β-catenin stability by phosphorylating serine and threonine residues (Ser33/37 and Thr41) important for targeting β-catenin for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-227870 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser366 SPQVRTLsGSRPPLL -1 14709557 t miannu "AMPK can phosphorylate three sites in eEF2 kinase in vitro. Of these, Ser-398 appears to be more efficiently phosphorylated than either Ser-78 or Ser-366. Ser-78 and Ser-366 do not appear to be phosphorylated by AMPK within cells. Ser-366 serves to decrease the activity of eEF2 kinase" SIGNOR-250319 YY1 protein P25490 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000664 12913000 t "Taken together, these results indicate that transcription factor YY1 may modulate Notch signaling via association with the high molecular weight Notch complex [..] both YY1 and N1IC were present in a large complex of the nucleus to suppress the luciferase reporter activity transactivated by Notch signaling." SIGNOR-251654 NRBF2 protein Q96F24 UNIPROT PIK3R4 protein Q99570 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001938 phosphorylation:Ser113;Ser120 AEDAEGQsPLSQKYS;SPLSQKYsPSTEKCL 28059666 t miannu "NRBF2 S113 and S120 phosphorylation negatively regulates autophagy. Phosphorylated NRBF2 inhibits autophagy, preferentially binds a nonautophagic form of the PtdIns3K complex consisting of PIK3C3-PIK3R4 only, and this NRBF2-associated PtdIns3K complex has low lipid kinase activity." SIGNOR-265878 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser146 RPSQRHGsKYLATAS -1 2413024 t miannu "Ser-46 and Ser-151 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Thr-34 and Ser-115 were phosphorylated preferentially by protein kinase A. Both kinases reacted with Ser-8, Ser-11, Ser-55, Ser-110, Ser-132, and Ser-161" SIGNOR-250011 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT KLF6 protein Q99612 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254841 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT TUFM protein P49411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser219 ETPVIVGsALCALEG 9606 BTO:0000567 33113344 t miannu "PINK1 interacts with the autophagy effector TUFm and phosphorylates TUFm at Ser222. These results indicated that p222-hTUFm sequestered more monomer Atg5 and reduced the conjugated Atg5-Atg12 complex to subdue mitophagy." SIGNOR-266382 RANBP3 protein Q9H6Z4 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT down-regulates relocalization 9606 19289081 t gcesareni "Ranbp3 directly recognizes dephosphorylated smad2/3, which results from the activity of nuclear smad phosphatases, and mediates nuclear export of smad2/3 in a ran-dependent manner" SIGNOR-184608 EGF protein P01133 UNIPROT HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 9168989 f Regulation miannu "We describe the roles of Stat5 and of these tyrosine residues in the EPOR in the erythroid differentiation of murine hematopoietic cell line SKT6 which produces hemoglobin in response to EPO. Chimeric receptors carrying the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor and the intracellular domain of the EPOR were introduced into SKT6 cells. Like EPO, EGF equally activated Stat5 and induced hemoglobin." SIGNOR-251782 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT JUNB protein P17275 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr102 SNGVITTtPTPPGQY 10090 9889198 t miannu "JunB-control of IL-4 expression is mediated by the phosphorylation of JunB at Thr102 and -104 by JNK MAP kinase. The synergy between c-Maf and JunB can be attributed to cooperative DNA binding, which is facilitated by JunB phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250120 "perfluorododecanoic acid" chemical CHEBI:90633 ChEBI PPARD protein Q03181 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31332417 t miannu "In the present study, we demonstrated PFASs bound to and activated human PPARb/d-LBD directly. The PPARb/d binding potency and transcriptional activity of PFASs were all related to the carbon chain length and the terminal functional group." SIGNOR-268759 PSMA5 protein P28066 UNIPROT XBP1 protein P17861 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding -1 19941857 t 1 miannu "We saw preferential binding of XBP-1u to subunits _5, _6 and _7.2. We demonstrate that XBP-1u undergoes efficient degradation in vitro by 20S proteasomes in the absence of ubiquitination." SIGNOR-239213 NDUFA5 protein Q16718 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The Q-module is built through the association of NDUFA5, NDUFS2 and NDUFS3 plus NDUFS7 and NDUFS8. The chaperones NDUFAF3/C3ORF60 and NDUFAF4/C6ORF66 [36,37] remain bound to this module until the final assembly steps [34]. NDUFAF6/C8ORF38 [38] also seems to participate in the assembly of the Q-module [24,39]. NDUFAF3, 4 and 6, are necessary to maintain normal MT-ND1 synthesis [40,41]. NDUFAF5 adds a hydroxyl group to Arg73 of NDUFS7 [42] and NDUFAF7 dimethylates NDUFS2 in Arg85 [43], an essential modification for cI assembly [44]. NUBPL/IND1 delivers [4Fe–4S] clusters specifically to the N- and Q-module subunits [45,46]." SIGNOR-262156 SETD5 protein Q9C0A6 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" methylation Lys37 APATGGVkKPHRYRP -1 31515109 t miannu "SETD5 Exhibits Intrinsic Methyltransferase Activity on H3K36. This assay showed that SETD5 has specific histone methyltransferase activity toward K36 but not for other residues such as K4 and K27 (Figure 8B). we revealed that SETD5 is endowed with H3K36 methyltransferase, which is necessary for RNA elongation and processing and, ultimately, correct gene transcription." SIGNOR-264620 carbachol chemical CHEBI:3385 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258620 MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257230 DGC complex SIGNOR-C217 SIGNOR NRXN2 protein P58401 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000142 11470830 t miannu "In brain, dystroglycan and dystrophin are expressed on neurons and astrocytes, and some muscular dystrophies cause cognitive dysfunction. Our data indicate that dystroglycan is a physiological ligand for neurexins and that neurexins' tightly regulated interaction could mediate cell adhesion between brain cells. these results suggest that α- and β-neurexins represent ligands for dystroglycan via interactions of their LNS domains, analogous to interaction of the LNS-domain in laminin, agrin, and perlecan with dystroglycan." SIGNOR-265449 SMURF2 protein Q9HAU4 UNIPROT SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001593 BTO:0000140 22298955 t lperfetto "Smurf1 and smurf2 are e3 ubiquitin ligases known to suppress tgf-beta signaling through degra-dation of smads and receptors for tgf-beta and bmps" SIGNOR-120647 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT PAX5 protein Q02548 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation "Ser189; Ser283" SGILGITsPSADTNK;DMKANLAsPTPADIG 9606 BTO:0003079 22593617 t Gianni "In this study, we demonstrated that PAX5 was phosphorylated by ERK1/2 in vitro and in vivo at serines 189 and 283. This phosphorylation attenuated the transcriptional repression of BLIMP1 by PAX5." SIGNOR-269086 WNT9A protein O14904 UNIPROT MUSK protein O15146 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000887 22309736 t gcesareni "we provide evidence that wnt9a and wnt11 bind directly to the extracellular domain of musk, to induce musk dimerization and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of the kinase" SIGNOR-195975 TFIIA complex SIGNOR-C395 SIGNOR "RNA Polymerase II" complex SIGNOR-C391 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 7724559 t lperfetto "The human general transcription factor TFIIA is one of several factors involved in specific transcription by RNA polymerase II" SIGNOR-266200 SMAD2 protein Q15796 UNIPROT LEF1 protein Q9UJU2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000599 10890911 f lperfetto "Coexpression of smad2 and smad4, smad3 alone, or smad3 and smad4 resulted in strong enhancement of lef1-dependent transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-78988 PREX2 protein Q70Z35 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260572 (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:15636 ChEBI (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate smallmolecule CHEBI:57455 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 18767138 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase)methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase)formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFD1) is a trifunctional enzyme that interconverts tetrahydrofolate (THF) derivatives for nucleotide synthesis.|The Arg653Gln substitution is located in the synthetase domain, which catalyzes the magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP)-dependent production of formylTHF from THF and formate" SIGNOR-268246 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser473 RPHFPQFsYSASGTA 9606 BTO:0000938 24916379 t lperfetto "Expression of wild-type LRRK2 promoted neuronal survival against apoptosis through activation of the downstream effector, Akt by phosphorylation of Ser473. Phosphorylated Akt in turn inhibited FOXO 1 signaling" SIGNOR-252598 beta-carboline chemical CHEBI:109895 ChEBI "GABA-A (a1-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C330 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000227 18790874 t brain lperfetto "The BZ-sensitive GABAA-Rs can be further subdivided, in that receptors containing the alpha1 subunit have a higher sensitivity to a subpopulation of BZ site ligands, the benzodiazepines quazepam and cinolazepam (Sieghart, 1989) or nonbenzodiazepines such as zolpidem (an imidazopyridine) and a few others, including CL218-872 (triazolopyridazine), zaleplon, and indiplon, and abecarnil (β-carboline), (Olsen and Gordey, 2000; Korpi et al., 2002; Sieghart and Ernst, 2005)." SIGNOR-263805 GPR84 protein Q9NQS5 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256983 AMER1 protein Q5JTC6 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 21304492 t lperfetto "Knockdown of Amer1 reduces Wnt-induced LRP6 phosphorylation, Axin translocation to the plasma membrane and formation of LRP6 signalosomesThe generation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in regions of receptor activity triggers the recruitment of Amer1 proteins, which in turn promote LRP6 phosphorylation by recruiting Axin/GSK3_ and CK1gamma to LRP6." SIGNOR-24265 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF115 protein Q9Y4L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271000 LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT FCGR2A protein P12318 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr304 TDDDKNIyLTLPPND -1 8756631 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of FcgammaRIIa/c by Lyn is clearly dependent on the presence of Y-298, since all mutants lacking this residue are not phosphorylated by this PTK. This result suggests that Y-298 might be the only tyrosine residue of FcgammaRIIa/c phos- phorylated by Lyn." SIGNOR-249379 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT FMR1 protein Q06787 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 "BTO:0001363; BTO:0000142" 11058604 f miannu "We have also shown that USF1, USF2, and alpha-Pal/Nrf-1 are the major transcription factors that bind the promoter in brain and testis extracts and suggest that elevated levels of these factors account in part for elevated FMR1 expression in these organs." SIGNOR-254881 ELOC protein Q15369 UNIPROT "BAF250b E3 ligase" complex SIGNOR-C522 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20086098 t miannu "In the present work, we show that BAF250 associates with elongin C (Elo C), cullin 2 (Cul2), and Roc1 to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase. BAF250 forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase with Elo B/C, Cul2, and Roc1 that targets histone H2B. H2B-Ub has been shown to be required for transcriptional activation in vitro" SIGNOR-271438 CAMKK1 protein Q8N5S9 UNIPROT CAMK1D protein Q8IU85 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr180 GKGDVMStACGTPGY BTO:0000567 12935886 t llicata "CaM-KIdelta exhibits Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent activity that is enhanced (approximately 30-fold) in vitro by phosphorylation of its Thr180 by CaM-K kinase (CaM-KK)alpha, consistent with detection of CaM-KIdelta-activating activity in HeLa cells. | This sustained activation of CaM-KIdelta was completely abolished by Thr180Ala mutation and inhibited by CaM-KK inhibitor, STO-609, indicating a functional CaM-KK/CaM-KIdelta cascade in HeLa cells." SIGNOR-250715 FMNL2 protein Q96PY5 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 19386263 t miannu "Phosphorylation of hCenexin1 at S796 is critical for the hCenexin1-Plk1 interaction.Here we show that a splice variant of hODF2 called hCenexin1, but not hODF2 itself, efficiently localizes to somatic centrosomes via a variant-specific C-terminal extension and recruits Plk1 through a Cdc2-dependent phospho-S796 motif within the extension. This interaction and Plk1 activity were important for proper recruitment of pericentrin and gamma-tubulin, and, ultimately, for formation of normal bipolar spindles." SIGNOR-273614 HSPA8 protein P11142 UNIPROT "AP-2/clathrin vescicle" complex SIGNOR-C249 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 24789820 t lperfetto "Hsc70, recruited by the J-domain protein auxilin, mediates clathrin uncoating and release of a free vesicle, primed to fuse with a target membrane." SIGNOR-260718 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT OCLN protein Q16625 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr424 IREYPPItSDQQRQL 9606 21545357 t lperfetto "Thr403, thr404, thr424 and thr438 in the occludin c-terminal domain are the predominant sites of pkc_-dependent phosphorylation . The present study demonstrates that pkc_ phosphorylates occludin on specific threonine residues and promotes assembly of epithelial tight junctions." SIGNOR-173639 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser425 TMLEDSVsPKKSTVL 9606 19363486 t lperfetto "Cdk5 phosphorylated talin head at ser 425, inhibiting its binding to smurf1, thus preventing talin head ubiquitylation and degradation." SIGNOR-185210 CENPM protein Q9NSP4 UNIPROT "CCAN complex" complex SIGNOR-C365 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 18007590 t lperfetto "CENP-A NAC/CAD components have been subdivided into either NAC proteins (nucleosome-associated complex; CENP-C, CENP-H, CENP-50CENP−U, CENP-M, CENP-T and Chl4RCENP−N) or CAD proteins (CENP-A Distal; CENP-I, Mcm21RCENP−O, Fta1RCENP−L, Sim4RCENP−K, CENP-P, CENP-Q, CENP-R and CENP-S)." SIGNOR-265211 TNK2 protein Q07912 UNIPROT AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr176 EKATGRYyAMKILKK 10090 20333297 t gcesareni "Ack1 (also known as ACK or TNK2), which directly phosphorylates AKT at an evolutionarily conserved tyrosine 176 in the kinase domain. Tyr176-phosphorylated AKT localizes to the plasma membrane and promotes Thr308/Ser473-phosphorylation leading to AKT activation." SIGNOR-252446 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BMX protein P51813 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr566 RYVLDDQyVSSVGTK 9606 10688651 t lperfetto "Coexpression of v-src and etk led to a transphosphorylation on tyrosine 566 of etk and subsequent autophosphorylation. These events correlated with a substantial increase in the kinase activity of etk." SIGNOR-75330 RPS6KB1 protein P23443 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser527 RFRKRTHsAGTSPTI 9606 BTO:0000007 16914728 t lperfetto "Turnover of the active fraction of irs1 involves raptor-mtor- and s6k1-dependent serine phosphorylation in cell culture models of tuberous sclerosiss6k1 phosphorylates irs1 in vitro on multiple residues showing strong preference for rxrxxs/t over s/t,p sites." SIGNOR-148903 FGF14 protein Q92915 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253429 P2RY2 protein P41231 UNIPROT GNA15 protein P30679 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257031 GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT LTB4R protein Q15722 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr308 VAKLLEGtGSEASST 9534 BTO:0000298 12077128 t "Thr(308) is a major residue involved in GRK6-mediated desensitization of BLT1 signaling." SIGNOR-251213 EIF5B protein O60841 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 30211544 t lperfetto "eIF5B promotes ribosomal subunit joining, with the help of eIF1A. Upon subunit joining, eIF5B hydrolyzes GTP and is released together with eIF1A. We found that human eIF5 interacts with eIF5B and may help recruit eIF5B to the PIC." SIGNOR-269120 CDKL5 protein O76039 UNIPROT AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser293 PAPARPRsPSQTRKG 10090 23651931 t gcesareni "This 120-kDa protein was identified as amphiphysin 1 (Amph1) by LC-MS/MS analysis, and the site of phosphorylation by CDKL5 was determined to be Ser-293.| The phosphorylation mimic mutants, Amph1(S293E) and Amph1(S293D), showed significantly reduced affinity for endophilin, a protein involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis" SIGNOR-245881 IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000801 18852293 t lperfetto "IL-4 signals through the type I (IL-4Ralpha/common gamma-chain [gammac]) and the type II (IL-4Ralpha/-13Ralpha1) IL-4 receptors, whereas IL-13 utilizes only the type II receptor." SIGNOR-249527 "alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:58225 ChEBI 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone smallmolecule CHEBI:16938 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 24769394 t miannu "G6PD catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate and concomitantly reduces NADP+ to NADPH, which is the rate-limiting and primary control step of the NADPH-generating portion in the PPP. Thus, G6PD acts as a guardian of cellular redox potential during oxidative stress" SIGNOR-267049 CDK14 protein O94921 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 24794231 t lperfetto "Compared with the wild-type CDK14, CDK14D256A mutant showed 2-fold reduced phosphorylation of LRP6 at Ser-1490, a known substrate of the CDK14/CCNY complex| It is also reported to be required for maximal phosphorylation of LRP6 on Ser 1490 and activation of Wnt signaling " SIGNOR-273019 TIMELESS protein Q9UNS1 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9534 23418588 t miannu "We performed a detailed molecular characterization of TIM interactions with the core clock protein CRY1 and the DNA damage signal transducer CHK1, and found that the N-terminus of TIM is required for association with both proteins, as well as for homodimerization." SIGNOR-268054 rituximab antibody DB00073 DRUGBANK MS4A1 protein P11836 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 20350663 t miannu "Rituximab is a class I chimeric anti-CD20 antibody that has shown efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), both as a single agent and in combination with traditional chemotherapies." SIGNOR-259902 etanercept chemical CHEBI:4875 ChEBI TNF protein P01375 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 25455504 t "Etanercept is a recombinant human TNF receptor p75Fc fusion protein that binds with high affinity to the soluble and transmembrane forms of TNF, thereby acting as a decoy receptor for TNF and, prevents TNF-mediated inflammatory cellular responses by competitive inhibition" SIGNOR-272490 PSPH protein P78330 UNIPROT L-serine chemical CHEBI:17115 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000142 12213811 t lperfetto "Human phosphoserine phosphatase (HPSP) regulates the levels of glycine and d-serine, the putative co-agonists for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor in the brain. |Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP)1 is an important enzyme in the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis, which contributes a major portion of the endogenous l-serine|he enzymatic reaction of PSP is Mg2+-dependent and results in the dephosphorylation of phospho-l-serine with the formation of a phosphoenzyme intermediate, which is subsequently autodephosphorylated. The resulting product, l-serine, is not only a precursor for the biosynthesis of glycine but also an uncompetitive inhibitor for the enzymatic reaction of PSP" SIGNOR-268571 "Immune complexes" stimulus SIGNOR-ST15 SIGNOR "Complement C1q" complex SIGNOR-C308 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding -1 29449492 t lperfetto "We used IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) oligomerized through antigen-binding on liposomes or preformed antibody complexes in solution and applied tomography and single-particle cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to resolve the mechanisms of C1 binding and activation.|Binding of C1 through its gC1q modules to mediators of inflammation, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgM antibodies (fig. S1, C and D), on cell surfaces activates the associated proteases and initiates the proteolytic cascade of complement" SIGNOR-263397 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT DES protein P17661 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0000165 25653159 f lperfetto "Ectopic expression of myogenin and a specific Mef2 isoform induced myogenic differentiation without activating endogenous MyoD expression. Under these conditions, the regulatory sequences of late gene loci were not in close proximity, and these genes were prematurely activated." SIGNOR-241501 PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr309 SDGATMKtFCGTPEY 9606 15743829 t lperfetto "Akt1 and akt2 are phosphorylated and activated by the protein kinase pdk1 at thr-308 or thr-309, respectively, in the activation t-loop, and further activation occurs through phosphorylation at ser-473 or ser-474, respectively. Pdk1 phosphorylates akt-2 at thr 309 in the catalytic domain, leading to enzymatic activation." SIGNOR-134485 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT JUN protein P05412 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser73 VGLLKLAsPELERLI 9606 19118012 t gcesareni "Egf-induced cdk3 activation caused c-jun phosphorylation at ser63 and ser73, resulting in increased ap-1 transactivation." SIGNOR-183013 ABL2 protein P42684 UNIPROT CAT protein P04040 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr386 YRARVANyQRDGPMC 9606 BTO:0000093 12777400 t lperfetto "C-abl and arg phosphorylated catalase at tyr231 and tyr386 in vitrocatalase is a major effector in the defense of aerobic cells against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that catalase activity is stimulated by the c-abl and arg tyrosine kinases" SIGNOR-101310 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT LMNB1 protein P20700 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser395 LKLSPSPsSRVTVSR -1 8034666 t lperfetto "Beta II PKC-mediated phosphorylation of lamin B is confined to two sites, Ser395 and Ser405 | Comparative tryptic phosphopeptide mapping demonstrates that the beta II PKC site, Ser405, is a prominent target of mitotic lamin B phosphorylation in vivo. beta II PKC translocates to the nucleus during the G2/M phase of cell cycle concomitant with phosphorylation of Ser405, indicating a physiologic role for nuclear beta II PKC activation in mitotic lamin B phosphorylation in vivo." SIGNOR-248911 MAP2K6 protein P52564 UNIPROT MAPK12 protein P53778 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr185 ADSEMTGyVVTRWYR 9606 19230643 t gcesareni "Mapkk6 was shown to phosphorylate and specifically activate the p38/mpk2 sub of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily . the p38 mapkinasekinasemkk6 is identified as a common activator of p38 alpha, p38 beta 2, and p38 gamma mapkinaseisoforms . p38mapks are activated by dual phosphorylation on a t-x-y motif in the activation loop through the action of map kinase kinases" SIGNOR-184138 Ubiquitin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF89 SIGNOR PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0002572 "phosphorylation: ser65" 24784582 t "The phosphorylation-dependent interaction between ubiquitin and parkin suggests that phosphorylated ubiquitin unlocks autoinhibition of the catalytic cysteine. Our results show that PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of both parkin and ubiquitin is sufficient for full activation of parkin E3 activity. These findings demonstrate that phosphorylated ubiquitin is a parkin activator." SIGNOR-270343 CERT1 protein Q9Y5P4 UNIPROT ceramide smallmolecule CHEBI:17761 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 18184806 t miannu "In mammalian cells, ceramide is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and transferred to the Golgi apparatus for conversion to sphingomyelin. Ceramide transport occurs in a nonvesicular manner and is mediated by CERT, a cytosolic 68-kDa protein with a C-terminal steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain. The CERT START domain efficiently transfers natural D-erythro-C16-ceramide, but not lipids with longer (C20) amide-acyl chains." SIGNOR-268496 NUP98-HOXA9 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP15 SIGNOR RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17442773 f miannu "Over 102 cytoplasmic mRNAs were significantly altered in K562 myeloid leukemic cells transduced with NUP98‐HOXA9, 92 being increased and only 10 decreased. Runx1 is also upregulated in the NUP98‐HOXA9 transcriptosome and is a critical regulator of hematopoietic development and a frequent target for chromosomal translocation in leukemia" SIGNOR-261499 PRKAA1 protein Q13131 UNIPROT POU2F1 protein P14859 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser385 RRRKKRTsIETNIRV 9606 1684878 t lperfetto "Mitosis-specific phosphorylation site in the homeodomain of oct-1 was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase a. Pka-mediated phosphorylation event was identified in the cns-specific pou domain protein brn-2/n-oct-3/pou3f2 (nieto et al. 2007). In this case, the modification, at a position homologous to oct1 s385, was found to alter binding specificity for complex dimeric sites." SIGNOR-20971 SMAD3/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C9 SIGNOR MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 12244043 f areggio "Taken together, these results suggest that myostatin inhibits MyoD activity and expression via Smad 3 resulting in the failure of the myoblasts to differentiate into myotubes" SIGNOR-254987 PTPRG protein P23470 UNIPROT KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1059 DIYKDPDyVRKGDAR -1 25624455 t miannu "PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity." SIGNOR-254708 "NuA4 complex" complex SIGNOR-C459 SIGNOR "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 14966270 t miannu "NuA4 (for nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4) is a 12-subunit HAT complex responsible for acetylation of histone H4 and H2A N-terminal tails." SIGNOR-269287 PIGF protein Q07326 UNIPROT PIGO protein Q8TEQ8 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" 10029 BTO:0000246 15632136 f miannu "We show that the human homolog of Gpi7p, termed hGPI7, binds to and is stabilized by PIG-F and that hGPI7 competes with PIG-O for binding to PIG-F. PIG-F Binds to and Stabilizes hGPI7 and PIG-O Independently. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression of hGPI7 decreases the biosynthetic activity of PIG-O by decreasing the available PIG-F, thereby destabilizing PIG-O." SIGNOR-261360 HPS1 protein Q92902 UNIPROT BLOC-3 complex SIGNOR-C253 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 20048159 t lperfetto "Two of these genes, HPS1 and HPS4, encode components of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3). Herein we show that recombinant HPS1-HPS4 produced in insect cells can be efficiently isolated as a 1:1 heterodimer." SIGNOR-260691 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr417 KENSPCVtPVSTATH 9606 BTO:0001938 11157749 t llicata "We now identify 22 in vivo phosphorylation sites of p130, targeted by diverse kinases, and present evidence for three cyclin-dependent kinase 4(6) [cdk4(6)] specific phosphorylations, which appear critical for controlling the growth-restraining activity of p130." SIGNOR-104699 "Integrator complex" complex SIGNOR-C265 SIGNOR H4C1 protein P62805 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000567 25675981 f lperfetto "Integrator-dependent function at promoter proximal sites that is unrelated to NELF-regulated pausing. Given its termination function at both the U2 snRNA and Histone H4 genes, we favor a model in which Integrator also has a termination function at promoter proximal sites." SIGNOR-261481 MRAP2 protein Q96G30 UNIPROT MC3R protein P41968 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10029 BTO:0000246 19329486 t miannu "We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce the surface expression of MC4R and also the signaling of this receptor. we observed a significant decrease in the cell-surface expression of MC4R and MC5R in the presence of MRAP and MRAP2. It is interesting that MRAP and MRAP2 have opposite effects in the modulation of different MCR family members." SIGNOR-252367 GOT2 protein P00505 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 31422819 t miannu "This is a pyridoxal 5√¢‚Ǩ¬≤-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that exists as cytosolic (GOT1) and intramitochondrial (GOT2) isoforms. Both isoforms catalyze the reversible interconversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and √鬱-ketoglutarate. These enzymes are part of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a key player in intracellular NAD(H) redox homeostasis (Figure 1)." SIGNOR-268058 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CD79B protein P40259 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr207 DIDQTATyEDIVTLR -1 9531288 t "CD79b cytoplasmic tail-containing GST fusion proteins were phosphorylated in vitro by baculovirus-produced Fyn, >80% of phosphorylation occurred on the N-terminal ITAM tyrosine. CD79a and CD79b function as transducers of B cell antigen receptor signals via a cytoplasmic sequence, termed the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). pY195 and pY206 in CD79b" SIGNOR-251155 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR PFKFB3 protein Q16875 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser461 NPLMRRNsVTPLASP 9606 15896703 t gcesareni "We also found that AMP activated protein kinase and protein kinases A, B, and C catalyzed the phosphorylation of Ser-460 of HBP1, and that in addition both isoforms are phosphorylated at a second, as yet undetermined site by protein kinase C. However, none of the phosphorylations had any effect on the intrinsic kinetic characteristics of either enzymatic activity, and neither did point mutation (mimicking phosphorylation), deletion, and alternative-splice modification of the HBP1 carboxy-terminal region. Instead, these phosphorylations and mutations decreased the sensitivity of the 6PF2K to a potent allosteric inhibitor, phosphoenolpyruvate, which appears to be the major regulatory mechanism." SIGNOR-137241 CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9600 BTO:0000567 26652733 t "inferred from family member" "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-270253 RBM10 protein P98175 UNIPROT CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30403180 f irozzo "In this study, we report that RBM10 acts as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma via the inhibition of cell growth, cell migration and invasion and the induction of cell apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2, activating caspase-3, and producing TNF-α. We also found that RBM10 overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 and induced the expression of caspase-3" SIGNOR-259152 NR4A3 protein Q92570 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30455429 t miannu "Over-expression of NR4A3 attenuated proliferation of cancer cells and promoted apoptosis by augmenting the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, PUMA and Bax." SIGNOR-259397 EMX1 protein Q04741 UNIPROT NRP1 protein O14786 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 26534986 t Luana "EMX1 activates the transcription of Nrp1 in vitro." SIGNOR-261593 WNT10B protein O00744 UNIPROT LRP6 protein O75581 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15578921 t gcesareni "Wnt proteins bind to the frizzled receptors and lrp5/6 co-receptors, and through stabilizing the critical mediator betBeta-catenin, initiate a complex signaling cascade that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation." SIGNOR-131631 CyclinB/CDK1 complex SIGNOR-C17 SIGNOR CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr67 LSILSGGtPKRCLDL 9606 10864927 t lperfetto "Activation of human cdc25c at the g2/m transition occurs concomitantly with phosphorylation of five serine/threonine-proline sites: thr48, thr67, ser122, thr130, and ser214, presumably by cdc2-cyclin b." SIGNOR-216777 PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257436 PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT FLNA protein P21333 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Ser2152 TRRRRAPsVANVGSH 9606 16442073 t gcesareni "We report that a purified c-terminal recombinant region of filamin is a suitable substrate for calcineurin in vitro. Furthermore, 1 microm cyclosporin a (csa), a specific calcineurin inhibitor, reduced the dephosphorylation of the recombinant fragment in 293ft cells" SIGNOR-143979 AURKC protein Q9UQB9 UNIPROT "Histone H3" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF69 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 12588998 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis." SIGNOR-265357 nilotinib chemical CHEBI:52172 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258259 HACD proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF86 SIGNOR "very long-chain 2,3-trans-enoyl CoA(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:83728 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 18554507 t miannu "Very long-chain fatty acids are produced through a four-step cycle. Mammals have four candidates, HACD1-4, based on sequence similarities to the recently identified yeast Phs1, although HACD3 and HACD4 share relatively weak similarity. We demonstrate that all four of these human proteins are indeed 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases.We also established that the HACD proteins interact with ELOVL proteins. Our analyses have completed the identification of mammalian enzymes responsible for the entire VLCFA elongation cycle." SIGNOR-267918 antigen smallmolecule CHEBI:59132 ChEBI BCR-Dk complex SIGNOR-C435 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776 32323266 t scontino "The recognition of antigen by the BCR initiates BCR signaling cascade." SIGNOR-268204 "Erythrocytic spectrin" complex SIGNOR-C384 SIGNOR F-actin_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH18 SIGNOR up-regulates binding 9606 24302288 t lperfetto "Spectrin is a member of the F-actin-crosslinking protein superfamily." SIGNOR-266030 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 22703233 t lperfetto "TGFbeta signals are transmitted via a cell surface receptor complex consisting of the TGFbeta type I receptor (TbetaRI) and TGFbeta type II receptor (TbetaRII). To initiate signal transduction, TGFbeta binds to TbetaRII, which in turn recruits TbetaRI, leading to the formation of a tetrameric receptor complex." SIGNOR-249548 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser253 APRRRAVsMDNSNKY 19951971 t lperfetto "AKT phosphorylates FOXO3a at three conserved sites (Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315), therefore creating binding sites for the 14-3-3 chaperone proteins and leading to the active export of FOXO3a to the cytoplasm where it is targeted for proteasomal degradation." SIGNOR-252844 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Ser319 TFRPRTSsNASTISG 9606 11237865 t lperfetto "The transcription factor, forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (fkhr), is phosphorylated at three amino acid residues (thr-24, ser-256 and ser-319) by protein kinase b (pkb)alpha.Fkhr (forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma), afx (all1 fused gene from chromosome x) and fkhrl1 (fkhr-like 1) are phosphorylated directly by pkb in cells, preventing them from stimulating gene transcription and leading to their exit from the nucleus" SIGNOR-252860 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR AMPH protein P49418 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 15262992 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Thus, we propose that mapk phosphorylation of amphiphysin1 controls ngf receptor/trka-mediated endocytosis by terminating the amphiphysin1-ap-2 interaction.Our results indicate that phosphorylation of amphiphysin 1 at ser-285 and/or ser-293 affects the function of amphiphysin1.Mapk phosphorylation of ser-285 and ser-293 could modulate the interaction between prd and ap-2, resulting in the dissociation of amphiphysin1 from ap-2." SIGNOR-270197 EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT EPHA2 protein P29317 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr735 KYLANMNyVHRDLAA 9606 18387945 t lperfetto "The binding of ephrin ligands to eph receptors induces the transphosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domains and initiates kinase activity.Taken together, these results suggest that tyr587, tyr593, tyr771, and tyr734 are likely to be autophospho-rylated in vascular endothelial cells." SIGNOR-178177 P2RY4 protein P51582 UNIPROT GNA13 protein Q14344 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257288 EN2 protein P19622 UNIPROT FGF8 protein P55075 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0003560 10026229 t miannu "Our results in ES cells suggest that Engrailed inhibits Fgf8 expression in the absence of Pbx1. We identified single Engrailed- and Pbx-binding sites in the Fgf8 intron that inhibit expression of Fgf8 in mouse ES cells, but that together can allow full Fgf8 expression." SIGNOR-265801 "NLRP3 inflammasome" complex SIGNOR-C225 SIGNOR Pyroptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH105 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30166988 f miannu "Once activated by a ligand, inflammasomes lead to the activation of a caspase. Activated caspases allow the release of mature forms of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and trigger a specific pro-inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Accumulating data suggest that inflammasomes, mainly NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2, are involved in the generation of tissue damage and immune dysfunction after trauma." SIGNOR-260356 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT ITGB4 protein P16144 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000132 19118207 t miannu "Over the past 10 years, the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic tail of integrin-β subunits has been established to have a key role in integrin activation. Binding of the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB)-domain-like subdomain of the protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain of talin to the conserved WxxxNP(I/L)Y motif of the β-integrin tail permits additional weaker interactions between talin and the membrane-proximal region of the tail that trigger integrin activation, probably through the disruption of inhibitory interactions between α- and β-subunit cytoplasmic tails." SIGNOR-257627 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser721 PVVSGDTsPRHLSNV 9606 BTO:0000007 14761950 t "The effect has been demonstrated using P10636-8" lperfetto "Casein kinase 1 delta phosphorylates tau and disrupts its binding to microtubules.Here we characterized the contribution of one ck1 isoform, ckidelta, to the phosphorylation of tau at residues ser202/thr205 and ser396/ser404 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells." SIGNOR-121713 VCB-Cul2 complex SIGNOR-C524 SIGNOR USP20 protein Q9Y2K6 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0000298 12056827 t miannu "VDU1 and VDU2 could be important substrates of pVHL E3 ligase complex. Finally, we demonstrate that VDU2 can also be ubiquitinated and degraded in a pVHL-dependent manner.pVHL mediates the degradation of hVDU2 by proteasome. we have demonstrated that both VDU1 and VDU2 also bind to the β-domain of pVHL and several naturally occurring mutations in the β-domain disrupt the interaction between VDU1/VDU2 and pVHL. If pVHL is mutated either in the α-domain or β-domain, VDU1 and VDU2 would not be ubiquitinated and degraded properly. This could lead to accumulation of these two proteins in the cells. Together, our results suggest that VDU1 and VDU2 might be relevent to pVHL-related tumorigenesis." SIGNOR-272606 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT NBN protein O60934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser343 TTPGPSLsQGVSVDE 9606 10608806 t lperfetto "In this report, we showed that atm phosphorylates a p95 peptide (ser-343) and a mre11 peptide (ser-264) in vitro, suggesting that atm may regulate the function of p95?Mre11? Rad50 repair complex in response to dna damage." SIGNOR-73432 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser7 sPAPLSPL 9606 22128155 t gcesareni "Ogether, our results suggest that p38 phosphorylation of foxo3a on ser-7 is essential for its nuclear relocalization in response to doxorubicin" SIGNOR-177927 IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT IL6R protein P08887 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 8676083 t fspada "We first observed that cultured mouse embryonic dorsal root ganglia exhibited dramatic neurite extension by simultaneous addition of il-6 and soluble il-6r (sil-6r), a complex that is known to interact with and activate a signal transducing receptor component, gp130" SIGNOR-42866 "MLL2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C88 SIGNOR H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" methylation Lys5 kQTARKST 9606 24680668 t miannu "Dimethylation of h3k4 requires a sub-complex including wrad (wdr5, rbbp5, ash2l, and dpy-30), which binds to each set1 family member forming a minimal corecomplexthat is required for multiple lysine methylation." SIGNOR-268800 "Histone H2A" proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF70 SIGNOR "Nucleosome_H3.1 variant" complex SIGNOR-C324 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 21812398 t miannu "The elemental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle (NCP), which consists of 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in 1.65 left-handed superhelical turns around the histone octamer. The histone octamer comprises two each of the core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which form two H2A/H2B dimers and an H3/H4 tetramer, respectively, in the NCP." SIGNOR-267756 ARRB2 protein P32121 UNIPROT MDM2 protein Q00987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 BTO:0000971 12488444 t miannu "Our current results demonstrated that the binding of Mdm2 to beta-arrestin 2 was significantly enhanced by stimulation of GPCRs. Activation of GPCRs led to formation of a ternary complex of Mdm2, beta-arrestin 2, and GPCRs and thus recruited Mdm2 to GPCRs at plasma membrane. Moreover, the binding of beta-arrestin 2 to Mdm2 suppressed the self-ubiquitination of Mdm2 and consequently reduced the Mdm2-mediated p53 degradation and ubiquitination." SIGNOR-272592 SHANK3 protein Q9BYB0 UNIPROT "Postsynaptic density assembly" phenotype SIGNOR-PH163 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 28179641 f miannu "SHANK proteins are ‘master’ scaffolding proteins that tether and organize intermediate scaffolding proteins. They are located at excitatory synapses, where they are crucial for proper synaptic development and function." SIGNOR-264607 CAMK2B protein Q13554 UNIPROT RETREG1 protein Q9H6L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser151 AQLWRSLsESWEVIN -1 31930741 t miannu "Under ER-stress conditions, activated CAMK2B phosphorylates the reticulon-homology domain of FAM134B, which enhances FAM134B oligomerization and activity in membrane fragmentation to accommodate high demand for ER-phagy. " SIGNOR-273554 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT SLC2A2 protein P11168 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser503 AAEFQKKsGSAHRPK 9534 BTO:0004055 8626492 t miannu "GLUT2 is rapidly phosphorylated by protein kinase A following activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin. serines 489 and 501/503 and threonine 510 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the transporter are the in vitro and in vivo sites of phosphorylation. Stimulation of GLUT2 phosphorylation in beta cells reduces the initial rate of 3-O-methyl glucose uptake by approximately 48% but does not change the Michaelis constant. a consequence of GLUT2 phosphorylation is a reduction of its catalytic activity." SIGNOR-250050 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT MUC1 protein P15941 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr1229 SSTDRSPyEKVSAGN BTO:0000661 14766232 t lperfetto "The present results demonstrate that Lck phosphorylation of MUC1 on Y-46 also increases binding of MUC1 and beta-catenin. The results further show that ZAP-70 phosphorylation of MUC1-CD stimulates the interaction of MUC1 and beta-catenin" SIGNOR-249358 F2 protein P00734 UNIPROT Fibrinogen complex SIGNOR-C311 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000131 29880919 t lperfetto "Thrombin is a key enzyme in the pathway and cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin, which spontaneously forms the insoluble polymer that is the basis for the haemostatic plug." SIGNOR-263525 NRG2 protein O14511 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887 7477375 t gcesareni "The neuregulins (also called heregulins and neu differentiation factors) nrg-1 and nrg-2 bind erbb-3 and erbb-4;and nrg-3 and nrg-4 bind erbb-4." SIGNOR-26211 DVL1 protein O14640 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 19279717 t areggio "Dsh through PLC activates IP3, which leads to release of intracellular Ca2+, which in turn activates CamK11 and calcineurin" SIGNOR-258978 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT KIF1A protein Q12756 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 30021165 t miannu "To better understand how KIF1A-driven dense core vesicle (DCV) transport is regulated, we identified the KIF1A interactome and focused on three binding partners, the calcium binding protein calmodulin (CaM) and two synaptic scaffolding proteins: liprin-α and TANC2. We showed that calcium, acting via CaM, enhances KIF1A binding to DCVs and increases vesicle motility. We show that Ca2+/CaM-dependent modulation on KIF1A allows for binding to vesicular cargo. Our results indicate that at low calcium concentrations, the tail domain of KIF1A does not bind to vesicular cargo, whereas at high calcium concentrations, CaM binds KIF1A, allowing for subsequent DCV motility." SIGNOR-266888 CD2AP protein Q9Y5K6 UNIPROT ACTB protein P60709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0001938 29175910 t lperfetto "One such regulator is the adaptor protein CD2AP, which delivers capping proteins to the barbed ends of polymerizing F-actin. Capping growing filaments can promote the formation of actin branches by increasing the G-actin pool available to form branches" SIGNOR-264770 PTGES2 protein Q9H7Z7 UNIPROT "prostaglandin H2(1-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:57405 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 10922363 t Luana "Importantly, this enzyme is capable of converting COX-1-, but not COX-2-, derived PGH2 to PGE2 efficiently." SIGNOR-269768 MAPKAPK2 protein P49137 UNIPROT ZFP36L1 protein Q07352 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser92 RFRDRSFsEGGERLL 9606 18326031 t lperfetto "Mk2-mediated inhibition of brf1 requires phosphorylation at s54, s92, and s203. Phosphorylation of brf1 by mk2 does not appear to alter its ability to interact with ares or to associate with mrna decay enzymes. Thus, mk2 inhibits brf1-dependent amd through direct phosphorylation." SIGNOR-161278 CASP3 protein P42574 UNIPROT GORASP1 protein Q9BQQ3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Asp390 LPQLTLPdSLTSAAS 17761173 t lperfetto "In contrast, Caspase‐3 cleavage of GRASP‐1 releases the C‐terminal fragment, which in turn activates JNK signaling by serving as a scaffold protein" SIGNOR-260613 AHCYL1 protein O43865 UNIPROT PAPOLA protein P51003 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 19224921 t lperfetto "Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IRBIT) associates with components of the mRNA 3' processing machinery in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and inhibits polyadenylation|In addition to CPSF, IRBIT interacted in vitro with poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is the enzyme recruited by CPSF to elongate the poly(A) tail, and inhibited PAP activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner." SIGNOR-268329 ROBO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF14 SIGNOR CCND3 protein P30281 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr283 QGPSQTStPTDVTAI 9606 BTO:0000782 15326477 t lperfetto "P38sapk2 phosphorylates cyclin d3 at thr-283 and targets it for proteasomal degradation" SIGNOR-128402 GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0000669 23452850 t "GRB2 associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos activates Ras through the exchange of GDP for GTP" lperfetto "Interaction domains of sos1/grb2 are finely tuned for cooperative control of embryonic stem cell fate." SIGNOR-235773 SMC4 protein Q9NTJ3 UNIPROT "Condensin I" complex SIGNOR-C341 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32445620 t miannu "The majority of higher eukaryotes, including humans, have two condensins, condensin I (CI) and II (CII) Although sharing the same SMC subunits (SMC2 and SMC4), condensin I and II have distinct non-SMC regulatory subunits, including the kleisin subunit (CAP-H and CAP-H2, respectively) and a pair of HEAT repeat subunits (CAP-D2/G and CAP-D3/G2, respectively; Figure 1B). the combined actions of both condensins contribute to formation of a nested-loop architecture necessary to achieve the highest level of chromosome compaction." SIGNOR-263904 TACR1 protein P25103 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257249 GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT TNFAIP8 protein O95379 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20607800 t "TNFAIP8: a new effector for Galpha(i) coupling to reduce cell death and induce cell transformation" SIGNOR-256491 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT PKP1 protein Q13835 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser188 QNRYSFYsTCSGQKA -1 23444369 t miannu "Akt2 phosphorylates PKP1 in vitro. Phosphorylated PKP1 is more resistant to degradation. PKP1 phosphorylation sites identified by peptide microarray analyses and mass spectrometry." SIGNOR-273490 GPR119 protein Q8TDV5 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257241 SMC3 protein Q9UQE7 UNIPROT MXD3 protein Q9BW11 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9534 BTO:0000318 9528857 t 2 miannu "We identified a novel ZIP-containing protein, Mmip1 (Mad member interacting protein 1) that strongly dimerizes with all four Mad members, but not with c-myc. Mmip1 can inhibit DNA binding by Max-Mad heterodimers and, in vivo, can reverse the suppressive e€ects of Mad proteins on c-myc functions." SIGNOR-241281 "1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:16595 ChEBI CAPZA1 protein P52907 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000132 12788695 t lperfetto "We further measured the ability of ppIs phosphorylated in positions D-3 and D-4 to release the F-actin capping proteins CapZ and gelsolin from OG-permeabilized platelets (Fig. 7A). Ten percent of platelet CapZ and gelsolin is found in the OG-insoluble fraction (4). PI3,4,5P3 and PI3,4P2 release both CapZ and gelsolin from these preparations." SIGNOR-261842 FCAR protein P24071 UNIPROT Phagocytosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH97 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 30766540 f lperfetto "IgA-mediated immune effector responses such as phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, respiratory burst and cytokine release are mediated through FcalphaRI (CD89), an IgA-specific receptor that is expressed on monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages" SIGNOR-264861 HNF1A protein P20823 UNIPROT SLC22A10 protein Q63ZE4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 20829431 t lperfetto "Luciferase reporter gene constructs containing the OAT5 (SLC22A10) and OAT7 (SLC22A9) promoter regions were transactivated by HNF-1 in HepG2 cells." SIGNOR-268983 CREBBP protein Q92793 UNIPROT CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9829964 t gcesareni "When overexpressed in serum-stimulated cells, akt/pkb potently induced ser-133 phosphorylation of creb and promoted recruitment of cbp." SIGNOR-62260 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR ARHGAP31 protein Q2M1Z3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr789 PPAPPPPtPLEESTP 9534 BTO:0000298 16024771 t miannu "CdGAP interacts with and is phosphorylated by ERK-1 and RSK-1 in vitro. A putative DEF (docking for ERK FXFP) domain located in the proline-rich region of CdGAP is required for efficient binding and phosphorylation by ERK1/2. We identify Thr776 as an in vivo target site of ERK1/2 and as an important regulatory site of CdGAP activity. Together, these data suggest that CdGAP is a novel substrate of ERK1/2 and mediates cross talk between the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and regulation of Rac1 activity." SIGNOR-263057 NEUROG3 protein Q9Y4Z2 UNIPROT NEUROG2 protein Q9H2A3 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19028584 f miannu "Ngn3 overexpression altered the expression of a number of regulatory genes, including ash1, ath3, ath5, chx10, neuroD, ngn1, ngn2, and NSCL1. Early gene ngn1 was induced, but ash1, ngn2, ath3, and chx10, whose expressions persist through later phases of neurogenesis, were down-regulated." SIGNOR-254633 SARS1 protein P49591 UNIPROT ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 24095058 t miannu "As a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation reaction that charges serine onto its cognate tRNA for protein synthesis" SIGNOR-270495 PLAU protein P00749 UNIPROT Epithelial-mesenchymal_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH45 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 19055748 f lperfetto "Our data show that functional blockade of SNAI1 (SNAI1-dominant negative (DN)) leads to a partial re-expression of E-cadherin, and induces differential expression of EMT-related genes. This is confirmed by RT-PCR of PA system genes, where PAI-1 and uPA are decreased." SIGNOR-252264 ADORA1 protein P30542 UNIPROT GNAO1 protein P09471 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256976 SSTR2 protein P30874 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256963 ULK2 protein Q8IYT8 UNIPROT AMPK complex SIGNOR-C15 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21460634 t lperfetto "We could prove that ulk1-mediated phosphorylation of ampk reduced its level of phosphorylation at t172 of the _-subunit and hence interferes with its catalytic activity. I" SIGNOR-217487 CYCS protein P99999 UNIPROT Apoptosome complex SIGNOR-C230 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 10206961 t lperfetto " APAF-1 binds and hydrolyzes ATP or dATP to ADP or dADP, respectively. The hydrolysis of ATP/dATP and the binding of cytochrome c promote APAF-1 oligomerization, forming a large multimeric APAF-1.cytochrome c complex. Such a complex can be isolated using gel filtration chromatography and is by itself sufficient to recruit and activate procaspase-9. " SIGNOR-256430 DHX9 protein Q08211 UNIPROT NUP98 protein P52948 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 28221134 t miannu "Here we report on the identification of the DExH/D-box helicase DHX9 as an intranuclear Nup98 binding partner. Various results, including in vitro assays, show that the FG/GLFG region of Nup98 binds to N- and C-terminal regions of DHX9 in an RNA facilitated manner. Importantly, binding of Nup98 stimulates the ATPase activity of DHX9, and a transcriptional reporter assay suggests Nup98 supports DHX9-stimulated transcription." SIGNOR-260954 GNA11 protein P29992 UNIPROT PLCB1 protein Q9NQ66 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27515033 t scontino "TRH-R1 receptor, which is coupled to Gq/11 protein, activates phospholipase C, mobilizes calcium and activates protein kinase C." SIGNOR-267203 maraviroc chemical CHEBI:63608 ChEBI CCL5 protein P13501 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194127 "lysophosphatidic acids" smallmolecule CHEBI:32957 ChEBI LATS2 protein Q9NRM7 UNIPROT down-regulates 10090 BTO:0002572 22863277 f milica "Serum-borne lysophosphatidic acid (lpa) and sphingosine 1-phosphophate (s1p) act through g12/13-coupled receptors to inhibit the hippo pathway kinases lats1/2, thereby activating yap and taz transcription coactivators, which are oncoproteins repressed by lats1/2." SIGNOR-198520 MLL-AF4 "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP4 SIGNOR "AEP complex" complex SIGNOR-C117 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0005261 19956800 t irozzo "Although the complex was initially termed ENL associated proteins (EAP), we now propose to redefine EAP as ‘‘elongation assisting proteins’’ to better reflect the function of this protein complex. In this report, we present evidence that the most frequently occurring MLL fusion proteins exploit molecular control mechanisms of transcriptional elongation to transform hematopoietic cells. MLL fusions become incorporated into an ‘‘elongation assisting protein’’ complex, recruit it to their respective target genes, and enforce ectopic transcription." SIGNOR-255877 SIK1 protein P57059 UNIPROT CRTC3 protein Q6UUV7 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser162 SALNRTNsDSALHTS 9606 BTO:0000007;BTO:0000567 16817901 t miannu "These results suggested that sik1 could phosphorylate all torcs and thereby repress their transactivation activities." SIGNOR-147703 KCNB1 protein Q14721 UNIPROT VAPB protein O95292 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000007 29941597 t lperfetto "Confirmation that Kv2.1 and -2.2 bind VAPA and VAPB employed colocalization/redistribution, siRNA knockdown, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assays.|As Kv2.1 accumulates on the surface it begins to bind ER VAPs and form the large and stable membrane junctions." SIGNOR-262121 DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9534 BTO:0004055 10224087 t "inferred from 70% of family members" "Extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and ERK2 are authentic substrates for the dual-specificity protein-tyrosine phosphatase VHR. A novel role in down-regulating the ERK pathway.|Catalysis by VHR requires the native structure of ERK and is specific for tyrosine 185 of ERK2" SIGNOR-269928 ENY2 protein Q9NPA8 UNIPROT "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 34811519 t lperfetto "Here we present the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SAGA (hSAGA)|Human SAGA is a 20-subunit, 1.4-MDa complex with five functional modules (Fig. ​(Fig.1a):1a): a scaffolding core that includes TBP-associated factors (TAFs); a TRRAP (Transformation/Transcription domain Associated Protein) containing a phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-related pseudoprotein kinase (ΨPIKK); a histone acetyltransferase (HAT); a deubiquitinase (DUB) and a metazoan-specific splicing (SPL) module" SIGNOR-269577 USP8 protein P40818 UNIPROT RNF41 protein Q9H4P4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" deubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 23750007 t irozzo "Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8), an RNF41-interacting deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB) stabilizes RNF41 and is involved in trafficking of various transmembrane proteins." SIGNOR-259105 FPR1 protein P21462 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256961 RPS11 protein P62280 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262441 PTPN22 protein Q9Y2R2 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr394 RLIEDNEyTAREGAK 9606 16461343 t "In vitro experiments with purified recombinant proteins demonstrated that PTPN22-D195A/C227S interacted directly with activated Lck, Zap70, and TCRzeta, confirming the initial substrate trap results. Native PTPN22 dephosphorylated Lck and Zap70 at their activating tyrosine residues Tyr-394 and Tyr-493, respectively, but not at the regulatory tyrosines Tyr-505 (Lck) or Tyr-319 (Zap70). Native PTPN22 also dephosphorylated TCRzeta in vitro and in cells, and its substrate trap variant co-immunoprecipitated with TCRzeta when both were coexpressed in 293T cells, establishing TCRzeta as a direct substrate of PTPN22." SIGNOR-248836 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT EEF1A2 protein Q05639 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser53 AAEMGKGsFKYAWVL 10090 20923971 t miannu "PKCβI phosphorylates eEF1A at Ser53.our proteomics exploration of cPKC signaling in the nuclei of C2C12 cells demonstrated that the up-regulation of eEF1A intranuclear content, evoked by insulin, is associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of the Ser53 residue of the protein." SIGNOR-263166 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser42 TRTYSLGsALRPSTS -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248881 olanzapine chemical CHEBI:7735 ChEBI HRH1 protein P35367 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 8935801 t miannu "Risperidone and its active metabolite 9-OH-risperidone were compared to reference antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, pipamperone, fluspirilene, clozapine, zotepine) and compounds under development (olanzapine, seroquel, sertindole, ORG-5222, ziprasidone) for in vitro binding to neurotransmitter receptors in brain tissue and on membranes of recombinant cells expressing cloned human receptors and for in vivo occupancy of neurotransmitter receptors in rat and guinea-pig brain following acute treatment (2 h., s.c.). The binding affinities of the compounds for various neurotransmitter receptors were measured using membrane preparations of animal brain regions and of recombinant cells expressing cloned, mostly human receptors. Receptors, tissues and cells are indicated in Table I; results are shown in Table 4A-B." SIGNOR-258511 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT SRF protein P11831 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser85 GSEGDSEsGEEEELG -1 2046671 t llicata "Casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates the mammalian transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) on a serine residue(s) located within a region of the protein spanning amino acids 70 to 92, thereby enhancing its DNA-binding activity in vitro.| Mutation of serine 85 alone had a smaller but significant effect on phosphorylation that may be due to alteration in the protein kinase recognition site." SIGNOR-250957 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr143 RGKFKRPtLRRVRIS 9606 18550549 t gcesareni "Src phosphorylates pkcdelta at tyr311 and tyr332 leading to enhanced pkcdelta autophosphorylation at thr505 (its activation loop) and pkcdelta-dependent ctni phosphorylation at both ser23/ser24 and thr144." SIGNOR-178888 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT CHN2 protein P52757 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser171 EKVSRRLsRSKNEPR 9606 20335173 t lperfetto "A novel cross-talk in diacylglycerol signaling: the rac-gap beta2-chimaerin is negatively regulated by protein kinase cdelta-mediated phosphorylation. phosphorylation of beta2-chimaerin on ser(169) located in the sh2-c1 domain linker region via protein kinase cdelta, which retained beta2-chimaerin in the cytosol and prevented its c1 domain-mediated translocation to membranes" SIGNOR-164687 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT "SWI/SNF ACTL6A-ARID1A-SMARCA2 variant" complex SIGNOR-C470 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269822 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT SST protein P61278 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 18511691 t Luana "MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of six target genes. ChIP with anti-MeCP2 antibody shows that MeCP2 binds to the promoter regions of activated targets Sst, Oprk1, Gamt, and Gprin1, and repressed targets Mef2c and A2bp1." SIGNOR-264676 INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr576 RYMEDSTyYKASKGK -1 9507031 t "P125(Fak) sequence comprising amino acids 568-582, which contains tyrosines 576 and 577 of the kinase domain regulatory loop, is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor. p125(Fak) phosphorylation by the receptor results in its activation." SIGNOR-251323 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR TP73 protein O15350 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr86 AASASPYtPEHAASV 9606 12676926 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate p73 at threonine 86 in a cell cycle-dependent manner and negatively regulate p73.Furthermore, cyclin a/cdk1/2, cyclin b/cdk1/2, and cyclin e/cdk2 complexes can phosphorylate multiple p73 isoforms in vitro at threonine 86." SIGNOR-216702 TBX5 protein Q99593 UNIPROT SNCG protein O76070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20802524 f miannu "TBX5 suppressed tumor cell proliferation and metastasis through the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, metastasis suppressor 1 and downregulation of synuclein gamma and metastasis-associated protein 1 family member 2." SIGNOR-255255 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000801 18852293 t lperfetto "Downstream intracellular signaling from the IL-4IL-4Rc complex involves activation of the Jak1 and Jak3 kinases, phosphorylation of the Stat6 transcription factor, and activation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 and Dok2-signaling intermediates. IL-13 initially binds to IL-13R1 with intermediate affinity, and then heterodimerizes with IL-4R. The IL-13IL-13R1IL-4R complex activates the Tyk2, Jak2, and Jak1 kinases and Stat6." SIGNOR-249530 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT CCT2 protein P78371 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser260 GSRVRVDsTAKVAEI 9606 19332537 t llicata "Furthermore, ha-tagged akt can phosphorylate gst-cct_ protein in vitro" SIGNOR-184922 TAB1 protein Q15750 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 11847341 t lperfetto "Here, we report an unexpected activation mechanism for p38alpha MAPK that does not involve the prototypic kinase cascade. Rather it depends on interaction of p38alpha with TAB1 [transforming growth factor-beta-activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein 1] leading to autophosphorylation and activation of p38alpha." SIGNOR-114843 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR TRIM49B protein A6NDI0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271267 GFI1 protein Q99684 UNIPROT Granulocyte_differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH102 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20861919 f irozzo "In the myeloid compartment, Gfi1 is part of a regulatory network that determines lineage fate decision between granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage development. In this compartment, Gfi1 antagonizes the function of the transcription factor Pu.1. Pu.1 promotes monocytic differentiation, whereas Gfi1 enhances granulocytic differentiation." SIGNOR-256084 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 24260231 f miannu "Involvement of GSK3 Inhibition by the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Regulation of Etoposide-induced Chk1 Activation. GSK3ß regulates etoposide-induced Chk1 activation. GSK3 inhibitors, including LiCl and SB216763, restored the sustained Chk1 activation and mitigated apoptosis in cells treated with etoposide and the inhibitors for aberrant kinases, PI3K, or Akt. Thus, proteasomal degradation of Chk1 as well as GSK3 activation may be involved in negative regulation of etoposide-induced Chk1 by imatinib in these cells." SIGNOR-263050 raloxifene chemical CHEBI:8772 ChEBI ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 9048584 t miannu "In total 37 substances were tested for both ER subtypes (Fig. 3 and Table 1). In Fig. 3 several examples of typical competitor curves obtained are shown. In all cases monophasic curves were obtained for compounds with significant affinity. . The present study is the first in which the ligand binding properties of both ER subtypes are measured separately, and caution is needed when comparing RBAs from this study with the previous studies involving mixtures of ER subtypes." SIGNOR-258582 DIO2 protein Q92813 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20978344 f miannu "The active thyroid hormone 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) is a major regulator of skeletal muscle function. The deiodinase family of enzymes controls the tissue-specific activation and inactivation of the prohormone thyroxine (T4). Here we show that type 2 deiodinase (D2) is essential for normal mouse myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Indeed, D2-mediated increases in T3 were essential for the enhanced transcription of myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) and for execution of the myogenic program." SIGNOR-256203 CCP110 protein O43303 UNIPROT CETN2 protein P41208 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16760425 t miannu "We report that CP110 interacts with two different Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and centrin, in vivo. our data demonstrate a functional role for CaM binding to CP110 and suggest that CP110 cooperates with CaM and centrin to regulate progression through cytokinesis." SIGNOR-265967 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT MAP3K8 protein P41279 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C13 22435554 t gcesareni "Tpl-2 is stoichiometrically complexed with the nf-kb inhibitory protein, nf-kb1 p105, and the ubiquitin-binding protein abin-2, both of which are required to maintain tpl-2 protein stability. Binding to p105 also prevents tpl-2 from phosphorylating mek" SIGNOR-196747 DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT ITGB8 protein P26012 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 19118207 t miannu "Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation" SIGNOR-257698 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT PDCD4 protein Q53EL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser67 KRRLRKNsSRDSGRG 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0001253 18296647 t gcesareni "Both akt and p70(s6k) phosphorylate pdcd4, allowing for binding of the e3-ubiquitin ligase beta-trcp and consequently ubiquitylation." SIGNOR-252505 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser106 PLNSVSPsPLMLLHP 9606 11108261 t lperfetto "Studies using mutants of er-alpha demonstrated that akt increased estrogen receptor activity through the amino-terminal activation function-1 (af-1). Serines s104 s106, s118, and s167 appear to play a role in the activation of er-alpha by akt." SIGNOR-244247 BACH1 protein O14867 UNIPROT Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 31257027 t "inferred from family member" "BACH1 activates transcription of Hexokinase 2 and Gapdh and increases glucose uptake, glycolysis rates, and lactate secretion, thereby stimulating glycolysis-dependent metastasis of mouse and human lung cancer cells." SIGNOR-270266 dactolisib chemical CHEBI:71952 ChEBI PIK3CD protein O00329 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000848 21803746 t "ATP-competitive inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR" gcesareni "While the pi3k inhibitors, ly294002 or wortmannin, in the presence of plx4032 were individually inactive against pprm cell lines (fig. S4), the dual pi3k and mtorc1/2 inhibitor bez235 was highly specific (vs. parental lines) and potent in growth-inhibiting pprm cell lines" SIGNOR-175712 CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT Beta-endorphin protein P01189-PRO_0000024975 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001073 23504413 f lperfetto "CRH, as a principal mediator of endocrine stress response, activates the HPA axis (Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis) by binding to the CRHR1 in the anterior pituitary. This, through a cascade of reactions, increases the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and the subsequent release of POMC-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin. ACTH, in turn, stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex (Vale et al. 1981)." SIGNOR-268614 NT5E protein P21589 UNIPROT AMP smallmolecule CHEBI:456215 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" -1 31461341 t Luana "Ecto-5'-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5'-monophosphate to adenosine." SIGNOR-269743 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT PIP5K1B protein O14986 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser413 PSKKRCNsIAALKAT 9606 23909401 t lperfetto "Collaboration of ampk and pkc to induce phosphorylation of ser413 on pip5k1b resulting in decreased kinase activity and reduced ptdins(4,5)p2 synthesis in response to oxidative stress and energy restriction. we demonstrate that pkc can directly phosphorylate ser413 in vitro" SIGNOR-194820 3-[1-[[4-(7-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-6-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-one chemical CHEBI:91346 ChEBI AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000782 25336630 t miannu "stimulations were performed in the presence or absence of Akt inhibitor VIII, which selectively inhibits Akt1/Akt2 activity." SIGNOR-262228 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT KHDRBS1 protein Q07666 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr72 PLLPPSAtGPDATVG 9606 12478298 t lperfetto "In support of this assumption, purified gst_sam68 protein was phosphorylated by recombinant erk2we found that sam68 mutated in ser 58, thr 71 and thr 84 showed the same extent of impairment in induced exon inclusion as did sam68 mutated in all s/tp sites" SIGNOR-96414 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT PCGF6 protein Q9BYE7 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser30 LPPPPPVsPPALTPA -1 12167161 t llicata "In addition, we find that serine 32 of MBLR is specifically phosphorylated during mitosis, most likely by CDK7, a component of the basal transcriptional machinery. | These results indicate that, at least in vitro, MBLR is a substrate for CDK7 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-250769 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19643666 t lperfetto "Expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 is regulated primarily by activation of STAT1 and STAT3, respectively, although their expression can be mediated through other signaling cascades, including the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathways." SIGNOR-249565 IRF4 protein Q15306 UNIPROT IL4 protein P05112 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 11956291 f "IRF4 synergizes with NFATc2 and the IL-4-inducing transcription factor, c-maf, to augment IL-4 promoter activity as well as to elicit significant levels of endogenous IL-4 production" SIGNOR-254501 TBCA protein O75347 UNIPROT Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 28158450 t miannu "These intermediates interact with a series of five tubulin-specific chaperones (termed TBCA-E); these function together as a nanomachine that assembles the α/β tubulin heterodimer" SIGNOR-261169 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0001103 21798082 t lperfetto "Akt inactivates protein degradation by phosphorylating and thus repressing the transcription factors of the foxo family, and stimulates protein synthesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (gsk3b)." SIGNOR-252841 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DMA protein P28067 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" -1 11258423 f "The RFX complex is comprised of three proteins – RFX5, RFXB, and RFXAP – all of which are required for expression of MHCII genes|In our current studies, we have utilized electrophoretic mobility shift assays to characterize the DNA binding of the RFX5(1–330)2•RFXAP•RFXB complex to the proximal regulatory region from the HLA-DRα gene to gain insight into the DNA binding properties of the RFX complex" SIGNOR-253993 hydromorphone chemical CHEBI:5790 ChEBI OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10030 BTO:0000246 19282177 t Luana "A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring “open” derivatives display very high affinity for μ and κ receptors and much less affinity for δ." SIGNOR-258038 PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT ARNTL protein O00327 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 19041764 t miannu " Rosiglitazone treatment induced aortic expression of Bmal1 mRNA, and ChIP and promoter assays revealed that Bmal1 is a direct PPARgamma target gene. These studies have uncovered a role for vascular PPARgamma as a peripheral factor participating in regulation of cardiovascular rhythms." SIGNOR-268026 GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT GRK1 protein Q15835 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser491 IQDVGAFsTVKGVAF -1 1527025 t "The major autophosphorylation site yielded the following sequence: DVGAFS488T489VKGVAFEK, where Ser488 and Thr489 are phosphorylated. Additionally, a minor autophosphorylation site was identified at Ser21. we speculate that autophosphorylation of RK may lower the affinity of the enzyme for Rho* via repulsion between phosphorylated sites on Rho* and the kinase." SIGNOR-251187 "A1/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C159 SIGNOR PTK2 protein Q05397 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 15688067 f miannu "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated by growth factors and integrins during migration, and functions as a receptor-proximal regulator of cell motility. At contacts between cells and the extracellular matrix, FAK functions as an adaptor protein to recruit other focal contact proteins or their regulators, which affects the assembly or disassembly of focal contacts. Whereas it was first hypothesized that FAK might bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrins, accumulated evidence supports an indirect association of FAK with integrins through binding to integrin-associated proteins such as paxillin and talin." SIGNOR-257701 CyclinE/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C16 SIGNOR G1/S_transition phenotype SIGNOR-PH50 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21524151 f lperfetto "In its hypophosphorylated state, pRb binds transcription factors of the E2F family which are required for cell cycle progression. As the level of CyclinD/Cdk4/6 complexes increases, pRb becomes phosphorylated and progression through G1 occurs. At a critical level of phosphorylation, E2F is released from pRb. This activates the transcription of CyclinE which complexes with Cdk2 to fully release pRb repression by further phosphorylation, establishing a positive feedback loop. E2F further promotes the transcription of S-phase genes. Thus, CyclinD/Cdk4/6 and CyclinE/Cdk2 together regulate S-phase entry via phosphorylating pRb, which controls pRb binding to E2F" SIGNOR-245480 NR0B2 protein Q15466 UNIPROT ESR1 protein P03372 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000975 11861507 t gcesareni "Our results identify shp as an inhibitor of 4-oht agonist activity in rl95-2 human endometrial carcinoma cells that express endogenous er?. We conclude that shp does not decrease er expression, but rather it is the direct interaction of shp with er that inhibits er transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-115033 IFNAR complex SIGNOR-C243 SIGNOR TYK2 protein P29597 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 15120645 t miannu "Despite signaling through distinct receptor complexes, type I IFNs and IFN-lambda activate similar signaling events and biological activities, consistent with their common ability to mediate an antiviral state in cells (Fig. 6). In both cases, receptor engagement leads via the activation of the Jak kinases Jak1 and Tyk2 to the activation of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) transcription complex, composed of latent transcriptional factors of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family, Stat1 and Stat2, and of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) IRF9 (ISGF3g or p48)." SIGNOR-260146 NR0B1 protein P51843 UNIPROT NCOR2 protein Q9Y618 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002588 19237537 t miannu "The in vivo existence of an SF-1 corepressor complex consisting of DAX-1, RNF31, and SMRT at the steroidogenic promoters of the human StAR and CYP19 genes. We demonstrate that RNF31 is necessary for the stable association of the DAX-1 corepressor complex with chromatin-bound SF-1, thereby inhibiting the recruitment of coactivators and Pol II and controlling basal transcription levels of SF-1 target genes." SIGNOR-271785 POLR2H protein P52434 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase III" complex SIGNOR-C389 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 12391170 t lperfetto "In this article, we use this proposed nomenclature for the S. cerevisiae subunits as the guide to refer to the human RNA polymerase III subunits, as indicated in Table ​Table1,1, and consequently the numbering of the human subunits does not always correspond to their decreasing apparent molecular weights." SIGNOR-266140 SQSTM1 protein Q13501 UNIPROT WDFY3 protein Q8IZQ1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000452 20168092 t miannu " We show here that p62 is required to recruit the large phosphoinositide-binding protein ALFY to cytoplasmic p62 bodies generated upon amino acid starvation or puromycin-treatment. ALFY, as well as p62, is required for formation and autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic ubiquitin-positive inclusions. " SIGNOR-266792 GRK3 protein P35626 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr182 VKALDFRtPRNAKII 8355 BTO:0000512 11060299 t gcesareni "These results demonstrate that the T180A mutation probably blocks GRK3- and arr3-mediated desensitization of MOR by preventing a critical agonist-dependent receptor phosphorylation and suggest a novel GRK3 site of regulation not yet described for other G-protein-coupled receptors" SIGNOR-247915 NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT IL2RA protein P01589 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001454 10933396 f gcesareni "Activation of notch1 signaling in dp thymocytes and thymoma cell lines results in the upregulation of cd25 and cd44 expression." SIGNOR-80336 SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT SMAD4 protein Q13485 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 SIGNOR-C85 21454478 t lperfetto "Upon ligand binding, the specific heteromeric transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor complexes undergo phosphorylation/activation and subsequently phosphorylate the two ser residues in the c-terminal sxs motif of specific r-smads, smad1/5/8 for bmp pathway and smad2/3 for tgf-_/activin signaling. The activated r-smads then associate with co-smad, smad4. The heteromeric complexes translocate into the nucleus, where they bind to dna directly or indirectly to regulate the transcription of specific genes." SIGNOR-172990 DDHD2 protein O94830 UNIPROT "long-chain fatty acid anion" smallmolecule CHEBI:57560 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 22922100 t miannu "Members of the intracellular phospholipase A1 family of proteins have been implicated in organelle biogenesis and membrane trafficking. The mammalian family comprises three members: phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PIA1)/DDHD1, p125/Sec23ip and KIAA0725p/DDHD2, all of which have a DDHD domain." SIGNOR-269652 GNG2 protein P59768 UNIPROT PIK3CA protein P42336 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17419683 t gcesareni "Gbetagamma subunits released from gi can activate pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and can be therefore implicated in smo-dependent activation of akt." SIGNOR-154255 DUSP3 protein P51452 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr1016 DVVDADEyLIPQQGF 9606 BTO:0002552 21262974 t "We found that EGF receptor (EGFR) was a direct substrate of VHR and that overexpression of VHR down-regulated EGFR phosphorylation, particularly at Tyr-992 residue. Expression of VHR inhibited the activation of phospholipase Cγ and protein kinase C, both downstream effectors of Tyr-992 phosphorylation of EGFR." SIGNOR-248532 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT UBA1 protein P22314 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser4 sPLSKKRR 9606 BTO:0000150 7673335 t lperfetto "Ubiquitin-activating enzyme, e1, is phosphorylated in mammalian cells by the protein kinase cdc2. Each serine residue was independently mutated to an alanine and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis;only serine 4 was phosphorylated. Disruption of the basic amino acids within the nls resulted in loss of exclusive nuclear localization and a 90-95% decrease in the phosphorylation of ha1-e1" SIGNOR-31157 AP2M1 protein Q96CW1 UNIPROT "AP-2 complex" complex SIGNOR-C245 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 31671891 t lperfetto "The most important endocytic adaptor is the heterotetrameric AP-2 complex made up of the large alpha- and beta2-adaptin subunits, the medium-sized mu2-subunit and a small sigma2-subunit" SIGNOR-260420 PEX26 protein Q7Z412 UNIPROT PEX6 protein Q13608 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10029 12717447 t "Pex26 recruits Pex6–Pex1 complexes to peroxisomes. Pex26 anchors Pex6 and Pex1 through Pex26–Pex6 and Pex6–Pex1 interactions." SIGNOR-253614 SOCS1 protein O15524 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 14522994 t lperfetto "Shp-2 regulates socs-1-mediated janus kinase-2 ubiquitination/degradation downstream of the prolactin receptor" SIGNOR-118407 PAK1 protein Q13153 UNIPROT TBCB protein Q99426 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser128 VRSFLKRsKLGRYNE 9606 BTO:0000150 15831477 t lperfetto "P21-activated kinase 1 regulates microtubule dynamics by phosphorylating tubulin cofactor b. Pak1 directly phosphorylated tcob in vitro and in vivo on serines 65 and 128 and colocalized with tcob on newly polymerized microtubules and on centrosomes. Pak1 phosphorylation is necessary for normal tcob function" SIGNOR-135460 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT H3-3A protein P84243 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser11 TKQTARKsTGGKAPR 9606 15994958 t "Ser 11 phosphorylation of H3 is either activatory and inhibitory as promotes DNA condensation (activatory) and induce transcription (inhibitory)." gcesareni "Phosphorylation at ser-11 (h3s10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or uv irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun." SIGNOR-138467 ITGB1 protein P05556 UNIPROT "A6/b1 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C164 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253180 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ETV1 protein P50549 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser191 HRFRRQLsEPCNSFP 9606 12213813 t lperfetto "The camp-dependent protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylates er81 on ser(191)/ser(216)ser(191) and ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces er81 activity upon erk-mapk stimulation." SIGNOR-92447 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT CSRP1 protein P21291 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000972 14522018 t "We conclude that c-Rel regulates CRP expression without the requirement of binding to a kappaB site, and binds directly to C/EBPbeta to facilitate the binding of C/EBPbeta to the CRP promoter" SIGNOR-254049 RAD23B protein P54727 UNIPROT PAX3 protein P23760 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 17662948 t llicata "Monoubiquitinated Pax3 was shuttled to the intrinsic proteasomal protein S5a by interacting specifically with the ubiquitin-binding protein Rad23B." SIGNOR-237667 CTSG protein P08311 UNIPROT F2R protein P25116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Phe55 PNDKYEPfWEDEEKN -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 cleaved at multiple sites and would be expected to disable PAR1 by cleaving COOH-terminal to the activation site." SIGNOR-263563 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR KIF18A protein Q8NI77 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 24510915 t miannu "Biochemical studies on the kinesins confirmed KIFC1, KIF18A, KIF2C, and KIF4A as APC/C substrates. Furthermore, we showed that the APC/CCDH1-dependent degradation of KIFC1 regulates the bipolar spindle formation and proper cell division. Our in vitro degradation assays showed a time-dependent degradation for four of the five potential substrates tested: KIF18A, KIF2C, KIFC1 and KIF4A were readily degraded in vitro, however remained stable in the presence of either APC/C inhibitor (Fig​(Fig4A4A and Supplementary Fig S3A)." SIGNOR-266110 GLUD1 protein P00367 UNIPROT 2-oxoglutarate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:16810 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9913 11254391 t "Glutamate dehydrogenase is found in all organisms and catalyses the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate." SIGNOR-266916 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT NOS1 protein P29475 UNIPROT unknown -1 1375933 t lperfetto "We now report that NOS is stoichiometrically phosphorylated by cAMP dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, with each kinase phosphorylating a different serine site on NOS." SIGNOR-248848 SMARCA2 protein P51531 UNIPROT "Neural progenitor-specific SWI/SNF" complex SIGNOR-C477 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25195934 t miannu "The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) complexes are a family of multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that use ATP hydrolysis to alter chromatin structure. Distinct BAF complex compositions are possible through combinatorial assembly of homologous subunit families and can serve non-redundant functions. In mammalian neural development, developmental stage-specific BAF assemblies are found in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons. In particular, the neural progenitor-specific BAF complexes are essential for controlling the kinetics and mode of neural progenitor cell division, while neuronal BAF function is necessary for the maturation of postmitotic neuronal phenotypes as well as long-term memory formation. " SIGNOR-270610 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000165 11715022 f lperfetto "we show that IGF-1 unexpectedly acts via Akt to antagonize calcineurin signalling during myotube hypertrophy." SIGNOR-244403 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser276 VHPATPIsPGRASGM 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8" gcesareni "We have identified four phosphorylation sites on aml1c that are necessary for transcriptional activity of aml1c in k562 and 293t cells (27).4 mutation of these four sites (serine 276, serine 293, serine 303, and threonine 300) to alanine abolishes transcriptional activation, whereas mutation of these sites to aspartic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) results in a hyperactive protein." SIGNOR-138936 F2RL3 protein Q96RI0 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17158345 t gcesareni "Upon proteolysis, the newly formed n terminus acts as a tethered ligand that activates the receptor and initiates signaling cascades through multiple g proteins (galfaq, galfai, and galfa12/13)" SIGNOR-151162 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT STK24 protein Q9Y6E0 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr18 ALNKRRAtLPHPGGS 9606 BTO:0000007 BTO:0000142;BTO:0000671 10644707 t llicata "Further experiments demonstrated that mst3b, but not mst3, was effectively phosphorylated by activation of cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka) in both in vivo and in vitro assays. The mutation of thr-18 into ala in mst3b (t18a), a putative pka phosphorylation site that is absent in mst3, abolished its phosphorylation by pka." SIGNOR-74284 G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR α-D-glucose smallmolecule CHEBI:17925 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 12093795 t miannu "Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by nine transmembrane helices. The amino acids comprising the catalytic center of G6Pase include Lys(76), Arg(83), His(119), Arg(170), and His(176). During catalysis, a His residue in G6Pase becomes phosphorylated generating an enzyme-phosphate intermediate. Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase,1 EC 3.1.3.9), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and phosphate, the terminal steps in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis" SIGNOR-266567 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR FOXO proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF27 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation Thr24 LPRPRSCtWPLPRPE -1 BTO:0000318 10377430 t lperfetto "Here we show that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase by extracellular growth factors induces phosphorylation, nuclear export, and transcriptional inactivation of FKHR1, a member of the FKHR subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factors. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a key mediator of PI3 kinase signal transduction, phosphorylated recombinant FKHR1 in vitro at threonine-24 and serine-253. Mutants FKHR1(T24A), FKHR1(S253A), and FKHR1(T24A/S253A) were resistant to both PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation and PI3 kinase-stimulated nuclear export." SIGNOR-252832 BECN1 protein Q14457 UNIPROT ZWINT protein O95229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 23478334 t lperfetto "We show that Beclin-1 interacts directly with Zwint-1-a component of the KMN (KNL-1/Mis12/Ndc80) complex-which is essential for kinetochore-microtubule interactions. This suggests that Beclin-1 acts downstream of the KMN complex to influence the recruitment of outer kinetochore proteins and promotes accurate kinetochore anchoring to the spindle during mitosis." SIGNOR-265027 DTNBP1 protein Q96EV8 UNIPROT WASF2 protein Q9Y6W5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0000601 20531346 t miannu "Dysbindin-1, WAVE2 and Abi-1 form a complex that regulates dendritic spine formation. Although dysbindin-1, WAVE2 and Abi-1 form a ternary complex, dysbindin-1 promoted the binding of WAVE2 to Abi-1." SIGNOR-265659 nintedanib chemical CHEBI:85164 ChEBI PDGFRB protein P09619 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 18559524 t Luana "In this report, we describe the preclinical profile of BIBF 1120, a combined VEGFR, FGFR, and PDGFR inhibitor currently entering phase III clinical studies in non–small cell lung carcinoma and other cancers." SIGNOR-257799 SLC36A2 protein Q495M3 UNIPROT proline smallmolecule CHEBI:26271 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 12748860 t lperfetto "Both PAT1 and PAT2 mediate 1:1 symport of protons and small neutral amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.|The first member of the SLC36 family, present in both intracellular and plasma membranes, was identified independently as a lysosomal amino acid transporter (LYAAT1) responsible for the export of lysosomal proteolysis products into the cytosol and as a proton/amino acid transporter (PAT1) responsible for the absorption of amino acids in the gut." SIGNOR-264742 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA 9606 SIGNOR-C9 15241418 t llicata "We found that ser 203 and ser 207 were phosphorylated by map kinase and that thr 178 was phosphorylated mostly by cdk and to a lesser extent by map kinase" SIGNOR-126748 GDNF protein P39905 UNIPROT ALCAM protein Q13740 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10116 BTO:0002881 15212950 f miannu "We characterize the network of 43 genes induced by GDNF overproduction of neuronal progenitor cells (ST14A), which mainly regulate migration and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells.Laminin, Mpl3, Alcam, Bin1, Id1, Id2, Id3, neuregulin1, the ephrinB2-receptor, neuritin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Tc10, Pdpk1, clusterin, GTP-cyclooxygenase1, and follistatin are genes up-regulated by GDNF overexpression." SIGNOR-252177 PCDHA2 protein Q9Y5H9 UNIPROT PCDHGB3 protein Q9Y5G1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 16697637 t miannu "The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites." SIGNOR-265685 HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257381 metformin chemical CHEBI:6801 ChEBI CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 20577053 f gcesareni "It has been proposed that metformin stimulates crtc2 phosphorylation in response to metabolic signals such as energy stress through the lkb1-ampk/sik1 pathways, which promotes binding to 14-3-3 proteins, thereby sequestering crtc2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm" SIGNOR-166361 CDR2 protein Q01850 UNIPROT NUF2 protein Q9BZD4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 20383333 f lperfetto "Additionally, cdr2 knockdown lead to a decrease (Table 3) in four other transcripts (AURKA, CENPE, SPC25 and TTK), which are involved in kinetochore and spindle biology" SIGNOR-252022 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270420 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT VDR protein P11473 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser208 SFSNLDLsEEDSDDP 9606 17368182 t lperfetto "Casein kinase ii (ckii) phosphorylates vdr both in vitro and in vivo at serine 208 within the hinge domain. This phosphorylation does not affect the ability of vdr to bind dna, but increases its ability to transactivate target promoters" SIGNOR-153711 SF3A1 protein Q15459 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270668 MECP2 protein P51608 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000452 19820693 f Luana "We show that MeCP2 cooperates with HIPK2 in induction of apoptosis and that Ser 80 phosphorylation is required together with the DNA binding of MeCP2. | We found increased cell death in each of the tested cell lines not only, as expected, when HIPK2 was overexpressed but also with MeCP2 alone. When both proteins were expressed together, the number of dead cells increased in an additive manner." SIGNOR-264550 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT HMGA1 protein P17096 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser103 EGISQESsEEEQ -1 2806554 t llicata "Sequence analysis of the native peptide (90-107) after treatment, which specifically converts phosphoserine residues to S-ethylcysteine, revealed that 70-80% of serine residues 102 and 103 were phosphorylated in vivo. Both residues were fully phosphorylated in vitro by incubation with casein kinase II. These results suggest that casein kinase II is involved in the regulation of HMG-I function in the cells." SIGNOR-251005 heme smallmolecule CHEBI:30413 ChEBI HBB protein P68871 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 26557657 t miannu "Heme is a prosthetic group comprising ferrous iron (Fe2+) and protoporphyrin IX and is an essential cofactor in various biological processes such as oxygen transport (hemoglobin) and storage (myoglobin) and electron transfer (respiratory cytochromes) in addition to its role as a structural component of hemoproteins." SIGNOR-251908 "NMDA receptor_2D" complex SIGNOR-C350 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264135 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT GCH1 protein P30793 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16149046 f miannu "Constitutively active mutants of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and c-Jun additionally stimulated GTP cyclohydrolase I promoter activity, but to a lesser extent than the constitutively active CREB mutant. Enzymatic reactions that require tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactor are therefore indirectly controlled by signaling cascades involving the signal-responsive transcription factors CREB, c-Jun, and ATF2." SIGNOR-252227 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT PINX1 protein Q96BK5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr141 DLSSRSKtDLDCIFG 9606 20573420 t lperfetto "Here, we show that polo-like kinase 1 (plk1) is a novel interacting protein of pinx1. Plk1 interacts with and phosphorylates pinx1 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, plk1-mediated phosphorylation of pinx1 at five phosphorylation sites is essential for its plk1-induced degradation." SIGNOR-166329 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT ARHGDIB protein P52566 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr153 YGPRPEEyEFLTPVE 9606 19321744 t llicata "Studies confirmed that activated src kinase binds and phosphorylates rhogdi2 in vitro and vivo. Mutagenesis revealed that tyr-153 and, to a lesser degree, tyr-24 were the primary src phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation decreased the amount of rac1 in rhogdi2 complexes and increased rhogdi2 association with cell membranes." SIGNOR-184908 TMC2 protein Q8TDI7 UNIPROT "Hair cells mechanotransduction channel" complex SIGNOR-C290 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000630 23217710 t lperfetto "The pore forming subunits of the hair cells mechanotransduction channel still need to be identified, but some candidates have emerged including TMC-1,TMC-2 (Kawashima et al., 2011), Piezo1 and Piezo2 (Coste et al., 2010; Coste et al., 2012)." SIGNOR-262570 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser311 RTYETFKsIMKKSPF 9606 SIGNOR-C13 17183360 t gcesareni "Rela is phosphorylated at: ser276 by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase a (pkac), msk1 and msk2; at ser311 by the atypical pkczeta; at ser468 by ikkbeta, ikkepsilon and glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (gsk3beta); at ser529 by ck2; and at ser536 by ikkbeta, ikkalfa, ikkepsilon, nf-kb activating kinase (nak, also known as tank-binding kinase-1 tbk1)) and rsk1 (also known as p90 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p90s6k)" SIGNOR-151432 AREG protein P15514 UNIPROT ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 7679104 t gcesareni "Amphiregulin induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor" SIGNOR-31199 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol chemical CHEBI:34372 ChEBI AHR protein P35869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 31995776 t miannu "This study investigated the endocrine-disrupting activity of BPA, BPF, and BPS alone or as a mixture and the agonistic and antagonistic activity of the BPs using an in vitro bioassay to detect ER-, AR-, and AhR-mediated activity.In our study, BPs showed AhR agonist activity only at the highest concentrations, and the mixture did not differ from the single BPs." SIGNOR-268736 ANK2 protein Q01484 UNIPROT CACNA1A protein O00555 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 10090 24394417 t miannu "Here, we demonstrate that ankyrin-B associates with Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 in cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. Additionally, using in vitro and in vivo techniques, we demonstrate that ankyrin-B, via its membrane-binding domain, associates with a highly conserved motif in the DII/III loop domain of Cav2.1 and Cav2.2. Collectively, our findings identify an interaction between ankyrin-B and both Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 at the amino acid level that is necessary for proper Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 targeting in vivo." SIGNOR-266706 GRK6 protein P43250 UNIPROT BDKRB2 protein P30411 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser375 GTLRTSIsVERQIHK 9606 BTO:0000007 11517230 t "Ligand-induced phosphorylation is found at Ser339 and Ser346/Ser348 that could be executed by several G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 32P labeling of peptide 3 containing pS346/pS348 was enhanced 1.5–3-fold as compared with mock-transfected cells in the order GRK6 < GRK5 < GRK2 < GRK4α < GRK3. several endogenous GRKs may phosphorylate the B2R and that the various GRKs, even without apparent effect on total GPCR phosphorylation levels, may induce distinct phosphorylation patterns with possible functional consequences for receptor desensitization and sequestration." SIGNOR-251206 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TNNI3 protein P19429 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser39 EPHAKKKsKISASRK -1 11121119 t lperfetto "In addition to the established phosphorylation sites (S22 and S23) we found that S38 and S165 were the other two main sites of phosphorylation. | Overphosphorylation of troponin I reduced its affinity for troponin C, as measured by isothermal titration microcalorimetry. Phosphorylation of S22/23A also decreased its affinity for troponin C indicating that phosphorylation of S38 and/or S165 impedes binding of troponin I to troponin C. Formation of a troponin I/troponin C complex prior to cAMP-dependent protein kinase treatment did not prevent overphosphorylation." SIGNOR-249068 N-(6-fluoro-1H-indazol-5-yl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-5-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91332 ChEBI ROCK2 protein O75116 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 19740074 t miannu "We also observed that several ROCK (Rho kinase) inhibitors such as Y-27632 and H-1152, suppressed LRRK2 with similar potency to which they inhibited ROCK2. In contrast, GSK429286A, a selective ROCK inhibitor, did not significantly inhibit LRRK2." SIGNOR-262230 CSNK2A2 protein P19784 UNIPROT PTPRC protein P08575 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1009 DESSDDDsDSEEPSK 9606 BTO:0000661 10066810 t llicata "Mutational analysis of CK2 consensus sites showed that the target for CK2 was in an acidic insert of 19 amino acids in the D2 domain, and Ser to Ala mutations at amino acids 965, 968, 969, and 973 abrogated CK2 phosphorylation of CD45. CK2 phosphorylation increased CD45 activity 3-fold toward phosphorylated myelin basic protein, and this increase was reversible by PP2A treatment. " SIGNOR-251031 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1167 ESAPAESsPSKIMSK 9534 BTO:0004055 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-244584 POLR1H protein Q9P1U0 UNIPROT "RNA Polymerase I" complex SIGNOR-C390 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 22260999 t lperfetto "In eukaryotic cells, the RNA polymerase Pol I synthesizes the rRNA precursor, Pol II transcribes mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs (such as small nuclear RNAs), and Pol III produces tRNAs and other small RNAs. Pol I, II and II contain 14, 12 and 17 polypeptide subunits, respectively (Table 1). " SIGNOR-266156 TG protein P01266 UNIPROT Colloid phenotype SIGNOR-PH185 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 24251883 f scontino "The thyroid gland is unique among endocrine glands in storing its principle hormonal product—the two very small thyroid hormones (TH)—as components of a 1000-fold larger precursor—thyroglobulin (Tg)—that is secreted and stored in the colloid, outside of the thyroid cell. Moreover, the thyroid cell is part of a layer of similar cells—the thyroid follicular epithelium—that completely encloses the secreted Tg and segregates it from the circulation." SIGNOR-267135 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser380 HQLFRGFsFVATGLM 9534 BTO:0004055 9430688 t lperfetto "Several lines of evidence indicate that the mapkap-k1 isoforms are also activated by mapks in vivo via the ras-dependent protein kinase cascade that is triggered by growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). here we identify six sites in mapkap-k1a that become phosphorylated in transfected cos-1 cells. The inactive form of mapkap-k1a in unstimulated cells is partially phosphorylated at ser222 and ser733. Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces the phosphorylation of thr360, ser364, thr574, and ser381 and increases the phosphorylation of ser222 and ser733." SIGNOR-250555 MTF1 protein Q14872 UNIPROT GCLC protein P48506 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15378601 f miannu "MRE-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) is a highly conserved heavy metal-induced transcriptional activator. MTF-1 also activates transcription in response to oxidative stress and regulates the expression of several cytoprotective factor genes, including MT, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase." SIGNOR-254599 MAPK10 protein P53779 UNIPROT ATN1 protein P54259 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser739 EEYETPEsPVPPARS 9606 BTO:0000142 12812981 t lperfetto "Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy protein is phosphorylated by c-jun nh2-terminal kinase. serine 734 of the drpla protein is a phospho-acceptor site by jnk. The phosphorylation may be coupled to the activation of a protease. The molecular size of drpla protein detected in the rat brain with the specific phosphopeptide antibody was 150_kda, which was slightly smaller than that expected from the sequence and the results with the human protein. The phosphorylated forms of ha-tagged human drpla gradually disappeared after osmotic treatment," SIGNOR-102394 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT HDAC5 protein Q9UQL6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser259 FPLRKTAsEPNLKVR 9606 11114197 t gcesareni "Camk phosphorylates serines -259 and -498 in hdac5, which subsequently serve as docking sites for 14-3-3. Our studies suggest that 14-3-3 binding to hdac5 is required for camk-dependent disruption of mef2hdac complexes and nuclear export of hdac5, and implicate 14-3-3 as a signal-dependent regulator of muscle cell differentiation." SIGNOR-85098 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT RRAD protein P55042 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser214 LVRSREVsVDEGRAC -1 9677319 t lperfetto "Here we show that Rad serves as a substrate for phosphorylation by CaMKII, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and casein kinase II (CKII) with stoichiometries in vitro of 0.2-1.3 mol of phosphate/mol of Rad. | PKC and CKII phosphorylate multiple C-terminal serine residues, including Ser214, Ser257, Ser273, Ser290 and Ser299. | However, phosphorylation of Rad by PKC and CKII abolishes the interaction of Rad with calmodulin. These findings suggest that the binding of Rad to calmodulin, as well as its ability to bind GTP, might be regulated by the activation of several serine kinases." SIGNOR-249001 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000782 22740686 f lperfetto "PD-1 also inhibited phosphorylation of the transcription factor Smad3, which increased its activity. These events induced additional inhibitory checkpoints in the cell cycle by increasing the abundance of the G(1) phase inhibitor p15(INK4) and repressing the Cdk-activating phosphatase Cdc25A" SIGNOR-245445 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT HNRNPD protein Q14103 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser83 DEGHSNSsPRHSEAA 9606 11903055 t gcesareni "In kinase assays pka phosphorylated ser-87 of hnrnp d, whereas glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (gsk-3 beta) phosphorylated ser-83, but only if ser-87 had been pre-phosphorylated by pka. Phosphorylation of ser-87 enhanced, whereas phosphorylation of ser-83 repressed, transactivation." SIGNOR-116140 CHEK1 protein O14757 UNIPROT RASSF1 protein Q9NS23 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser188 PSSKKPPsLQDARRG 9606 24197116 t llicata "This study reveals that chk1-mediated phosphorylation of rassf1a, at serine 184, plays an important role in cell-cycle regulation" SIGNOR-203144 PKA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF17 SIGNOR MYBPC3 protein Q14896 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 20151718 t "inferred from 70% family members" miannu "Phosphorylation of cmybp-c by pka speeds actomyosin interactions and contributes to increased cardiac contractility following _-adrenergic stimulation.7, 8 phosphorylation by pka is essential for proper cardiac function /for the human isoform, three pka sites were previously identified (ser275, ser284, and ser304) /our results indicate that pka phosphorylates up to four sites in both the murine and human m-domains including a novel site not previously described for either protein (ser307 for mouse and ser311 for human)." SIGNOR-270128 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser249 AVIPINGsPRTPRRG 9606 1756735 t lperfetto "The retinoblastoma gene product (prb) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is thought to play a key role in the negative regulation of cellular proliferation. The active form of prb is underphosphorylated. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to potential cdc2 phosphorylation sites, we have developed a strategy which has allowed the identification of five sites. S249, t252, t373, s807 and s811 are phosphorylated in vivo, and in each case these sites correspond closely to the consensus sequence for phosphorylation by p34cdc2." SIGNOR-21548 MS4A2 protein Q01362 UNIPROT FCER1 complex SIGNOR-C200 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000830 16470226 t "Alessandro Palma" "FcepsilonRI is a tetrameric receptor that comprises an alpha-chain, which is responsible for binding IgE, as well as a beta-chain and a disulphide-linked gamma-chain homo dimer, which are responsible for initiating signalling." SIGNOR-254960 SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 31583686 t SimoneGraziosi "Both SOX2 and SOX17 are able to partner with OCT4 and, as a consequence, recognize and bind specific binding motifs.6, 7 In human and mouse ESCs, SOX2/OCT4 bind to canonical motifs (CTTTGTCATGCAAAT-like), which are composite SOX (CATTGTC-like) and OCT (ATGCAAAT-like) motifs|This way SOX17 and SOX2 regulate a common set of pluripotency and GC-related genes (PRDM14, DPPA4, TDGF1, NANOG, LIN28A, TRIM71, OTX2, PIM2) (Fig. 6). Additionally, in TCam-2 cells SOX17 binds to compressed motifs or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX2 in ECs), thereby regulating the PGC specifiers PRDM1 and TFAP2C, the GC-related genes NANOS3 and BMP7 and the cancer-related genes MYC and IGF1 (Fig. 6). In 2102EP cells, SOX2 further binds canonical elements or SOX motifs (not bound by SOX17 in TCam-2), regulating additional pluripotency genes (GDF3, LEFTY2, SALL4, SOX2 and POU5F1) (Fig. 6)." SIGNOR-269245 MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT MYF6 protein P23409 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0001103 7739551 t "Simone Vumbaca" "[...] confirming that myogenin binds to the E1 and E2 E boxes located in close proximity to the MRF4 transcription start site." SIGNOR-255642 "imatinib methanesulfonate" chemical CHEBI:31690 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t "Selleck;VIRAL ABL" gcesareni SIGNOR-193387 PSEN1 protein P49768 UNIPROT gamma-secretase complex SIGNOR-C98 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25610395 t lperfetto "-Secretase is a four subunit, 19-pass transmembrane enzymeBiochemical studies indicated that -secretase activity is catalyzed by the presenilin (PS)-containing macromolecular complex (Li et al., 2000a). The search for other components of the complex revealed three additional proteins: nicastrin (Nct), anterior pharynx-defective-1 (Aph-1), and presenilin enhancer-2 (Pen-2)" SIGNOR-209705 SMARCD1 protein Q96GM5 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269785 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF5 protein Q99942 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-270998 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser65 PCSSVPSsPSFCAPS 9606 BTO:0000567 11416124 t lperfetto "These residues are phosphorylated by erk2 but not by p38, jnk, and erk5 in vitro. However, the contribution of the mek/erk pathway to mafa phosphorylation in vivo appears to be moderate, implicating another kinase. The integrity of serine 14 and serine 65 residues is required for transcriptional activity, since their mutation into alanine severely impairs mafa capacity to activate transcription." SIGNOR-108564 MEN1 protein O00255 UNIPROT "MLL Fusion" "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP14 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0004730 16239140 t miannu "We demonstrate here that oncogenic MLL fusion proteins retain an ability to stably associate with menin through a high-affinity, amino-terminal, conserved binding motif and that this interaction is required for the initiation of MLL-mediated leukemogenesis.These results demonstrate that a human oncoprotein is critically dependent on direct physical interaction with a tumor suppressor protein for its oncogenic activity." SIGNOR-260130 FOXP1 protein Q9H334 UNIPROT CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000738 15286807 t Gianni "Overexpression of MFH/Foxp1 markedly attenuated phorbol ester-induced expression of c-fms, which encodes the M-CSF receptor and is obligatory for macrophage differentiation." SIGNOR-269048 PALB2 protein Q86YC2 UNIPROT BRCA2 protein P51587 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000150 16793542 t miannu "Palb2 colocalizes with brca2 in nuclear foci, promotes its localization and stability in key nuclear structures (e.g., chromatin and nuclear matrix), and enables its recombinational repair and checkpoint functions." SIGNOR-147217 CyclinA2/CDK2 complex SIGNOR-C83 SIGNOR INCA1 protein Q0VD86 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser191 GRAQLLWsPWSPLDQ -1 15159402 t miannu " GST-INCA1 was phosphorylated in vitro by cyclin A2-CDK2 but not by CDK2 or either cyclin alone.  Mutation of Ser23, Thr167, and Ser176 strongly reduced in vitro phosphorylation of INCA1.Cyclin A1 and Cyclin A2 in Complex with CDK2 Phosphorylated INCA1 in Vitro Predominantly at Ser176" SIGNOR-273592 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256752 MFGE8 protein Q08431 UNIPROT SOCS3 protein O14543 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21901532 f miannu "In an attempt to clarify the direct anti-inflammatory role of MFG-E8, we revealed a distinct signaling pathway where MFG-E8 activates suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 gene expression via STAT3 mediated pathway, which in turn served as a negative regulator for LPS induced TLR4 signaling by targeting NF-κB p65 component, thereby attenuating the down-stream signaling for TNF-α production" SIGNOR-260653 TANC1 protein Q9C0D5 UNIPROT Dendritic_spine_morphogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH183 SIGNOR up-regulates 10116 21068316 t miannu "In the present study, we provide evidence that TANC1 and its close relative TANC2 regulate dendritic spines and excitatory synapses. our results indicate that TANC-dependent spine/synapse maintenance requires TANC binding to PSD-95, which promotes synaptic localization of TANC proteins. Thus, it is likely that interaction with PSD-95 concentrates TANC proteins at synapses, where they play a role in mediating PSD-95-dependent maintenance of spines and synapses." SIGNOR-266896 SL-327 chemical CHEBI:92211 ChEBI MEK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF25 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 11160424 t lperfetto "The mek1/2 inhibitors pd98059, sl327, and u0126 have been extensively used to implicate erk1/2 in neuroplasticity" SIGNOR-244955 AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR GLIS1 protein Q8NBF1 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000093 24383088 t miannu "Co-transfection experiments revealed that HIF-2α had greater potency on the GLIS1 promoter activation than HIF-1α. Subsequent studies using wild-type and mutant HIF-2α demonstrated that DNA binding activity was not necessary but TADs were critical for GLIS1 induction. Finally, co-transfection experiments indicated that HIF-2α cooperated with AP-1 family members in upregulating GLIS1 transcription. These results suggest that the hypoxic signaling pathway may play a pivotal role in regulating the reprogramming factor GLIS1, via non-canonical mechanisms involving partner transcription factor rather than by direct HIF transactivation." SIGNOR-269041 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1193 QPTSKAYsPRYSISD 9534 BTO:0004055 8816480 t lperfetto "In this report, we describe the identification of five map kinase sites (s-1137, s-1167, s-1178, s-1193, and s-1197) on hsos1Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1" SIGNOR-236440 "MYOD1/SWI/SNF complex" complex SIGNOR-C93 SIGNOR ACTA1 protein P68133 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000887 15870273 f miannu "Swi/snf enzymes are necessary for myod to activate muscle gene transcription / myod increased the expression of 94 genes and decreased that of 70 genes /these 94 genes (represented by 96 array features) were analyzed for their dependence on a functional brg1-based swi/snf complex. In the presence of dominant-negative brg1, 29 genes did not achieve full activation by myod, as determined by statistical criteria (q 0.05) and a twofold or more decrease in expression level (table 1; see also table s1 in the supplemental material)" SIGNOR-136175 eletriptan chemical CHEBI:50922 ChEBI HTR1D protein P28221 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000567 10193663 t Luana "This study has demonstrated that the 5-HT receptor binding profile of eletriptan is qualitatively similar to the binding profile of sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan and rizatriptan. As expected these compounds demonstrated high affinity for the human 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors which is consistent with their known vasoconstrictor properties in isolated vascular tissues " SIGNOR-258339 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser364 LQSPITTsPSC 9606 10617468 t lperfetto "Mkp-1 was a target in vivo and in vitro for p42(mapk) or p44(mapk), which phosphorylates mkp-1 on two carboxyl-terminal serine residues, serine 359 and serine 364. This phosphorylation did not modify mkp-1's intrinsic ability to dephosphorylate p44(mapk) but led to stabilization of the protein." SIGNOR-73625 EFNB3 protein Q15768 UNIPROT EPHB3 protein P54753 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52624 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR UBE3B protein Q7Z3V4 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271281 CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser208 DAGSPNLsPNPMSPA -1 15241418 t llicata "Thus, we have shown that Smad3 is phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2. Mutation of its CDK phosphorylation sites increases its transcriptional activity and antiproliferative function. | Thr 8 and the four sites in the linker (Thr 178, Ser 203, Ser 207 and Ser 212). Each of the five sites was phosphorylated by both CDK4 and CDK2 in vitro, and only Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 were phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2 in vivo phosphorylated by both CDK4 and CDK2 in vitro, and only Thr 8, Thr 178 and Ser 212 were phosphorylated by CDK4 and CDK2 in vivo." SIGNOR-250767 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT CYTH2 protein Q99418 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser392 AARKKRIsVKKKQEQ 9606 BTO:0000567 10531036 t lperfetto "ARNO is phosphorylated in vivo by PKC on a single serine residue, S392, located within the carboxy-terminal polybasic domain. Mutation of S392 to alanine does not prevent ARNO-mediated actin rearrangements, suggesting that phosphorylation does not lead to ARNO activation [6]. Here, we report that phosphorylation negatively regulates ARNO exchange activity through a 'PH domain electrostatic switch'." SIGNOR-249025 CyclinK/CDK12 complex SIGNOR-C37 SIGNOR POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1917 SPTSPTYsPTSPKYS 9606 BTO:0006413 32917631 t "Ser2 in CTD of PolII" lperfetto "Together, these studies demonstrate the important, yet largely redundant, role for CDK12 and CDK13 for the regulation of POLII CTD phosphorylation at multiple residues, as well as the global role for both of these kinases in regulating POLII occupancy across the genome.|CDK12 and CDK13 are thus evolutionarily related and structurally similar kinases, and biochemical assays have demonstrated that both have POLII C-terminal domain (CTD) kinase activity and the ability to phosphorylate the Ser2 residue of the repetitive CTD heptad sequence" SIGNOR-273100 UCHL3 protein P15374 UNIPROT UBA52 protein P62987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 BTO:0000567 26235645 t miannu "Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors." SIGNOR-270827 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr7 yDFKATAD 9606 BTO:0000007 20554525 t lperfetto "More recently, however, tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb2 in BCR-ABL-transformed cells on residues Tyr7, Tyr37, Tyr52, and Tyr209 in the SH3 domains has been reported and shown to negatively regulate the Ras/MAPK pathway." SIGNOR-246285 ITCH protein Q96J02 UNIPROT DTX1 protein Q86Y01 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 17028573 t gcesareni "Itch/aip4 mediates deltex degradation through the formation of k29-linked polyubiquitin chains." SIGNOR-150002 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr331 CTPVVTCtPSCTAYT phosphorylation:Ser374;Ser362 PSSDSLSsPTLLAL;AAAHRKGsSSNEPSS 16055710 t lperfetto "Serine 374 and serine 362 are the primary sites targeted by Erk1/2 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated kinases Rsk1/2 (12, 13, 37, 38, 41), respectively. Their phosphorylation leads to protein stabilization (3, 13, 20, 41). Threonine 325 and threonine 331 are secondary targets of Erk1/2; their modification occurs only when serines 362 and 374 are phosphorylated and Erk1/2 activation is sufficiently sustained (37, 38). This enhances the transcriptional activity of c-Fos" SIGNOR-263009 ZNHIT1 protein O43257 UNIPROT MYOG protein P15173 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20473270 t gcesareni "We show that the srcap subunit named znhit1 or p18hamlet, which is a substrate of p38 mapk, is recruited to the myogenin promoter at the onset of muscle differentiation, in a p38 mapk-dependent manner. We also show that p18hamlet is required for h2a.z accumulation into this genomic region and for subsequent muscle gene transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-165613 JARID2 protein Q92833 UNIPROT NKX2-5 protein P52952 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003324 15542826 t miannu "JMJ physically associates with Nkx2.5 and GATA4 in vitro and in vivo as determined by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays. we show that JMJ represses ANF gene expression by inhibiting transcriptional activities of Nkx2.5 and GATA4." SIGNOR-224787 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT PPM1J protein Q5JR12 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser93 HAGRAVQsPPDTGRR 9606 18553930 t gcesareni "Specific phosphorylation of pp2czeta at ser (92) by stress-activated jnk attenuates its phosphatase activity in cells." SIGNOR-178930 PGD protein P52209 UNIPROT NADP(3-) smallmolecule CHEBI:58349 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 34775382 t miannu "6 PG undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) producing Ru5P and the second NADPH molecule." SIGNOR-268112 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR MBP protein P02686 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 16401070 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Phosphorylation decreased the ability of mbp to polymerize actin and to bundle actin filaments but had no effect on the dissociation constant of the mbp-actin complex or on the ability of ca2+-calmodulin to dissociate the complex. The most significant effect of phosphorylation on the mbp-actin complex was a dramatic reduction in its ability to bind to negatively charged lipid bilayers. The identification of myelin basic protein (phosphorylation at -pro-arg-thr-pro-) as a substrate for the erk kinases (fig. 1) demonstrates that there are other determinants important for substrate recognition than those present in the originally identified consensus sequence." SIGNOR-270195 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT FOSL1 protein P15407 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "Both PAR2 and PAR1 activation resulted in up-regulated expression of several genes (CD44, FOSL1, TNFRSF12A, RAB3A, COPEB, CORO1C, THBS1, SDC4) known to be important in cancer." SIGNOR-254839 TACR2 protein P21452 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256736 CSNK1D protein P48730 UNIPROT UHRF1 protein Q96T88 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser95 SELSDTDsGCCLGQS 9606 23297342 t llicata "We further show that uhrf1 physically interacts with _-trcp1 in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of serine 108 (s108(uhrf1)) within the dsg degron. Furthermore, we demonstrate that s108(uhrf1) phosphorylation is catalyzed by casein kinase 1 delta (ck1_) and is important for the recognition of uhrf1 by scf(_-trcp)." SIGNOR-200349 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR DUSP1 protein P28562 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 16286470 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The dual-specificity mapk phosphatase mkp-1/cl100/dusp1 is an inducible nuclear protein controlled by p44/42 mapk (erk1/2) in a negative feedback mechanism to inhibit kinase activity. Here, we report on the molecular basis for a novel positive feedback mechanism to sustain erk activation by triggering mkp-1 proteolysis. Active erk2 docking to the def motif (fxfp, residues 339-342) of n-terminally truncated mkp-1 in vitro initiated phosphorylation at the ser(296)/ser(323) domain" SIGNOR-270189 ATP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:30616 ChEBI P2RY4 protein P51582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257564 SYK protein P43405 UNIPROT LAT2 protein Q9GZY6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr136 EDDDANSyENVLICK 10090 BTO:0001930 14722116 t miannu "Our results indicated that human LAB was primarily phosphorylated on three membrane-distal tyrosines, Tyr(136), Tyr(193), and Tyr(233). Mutation of these three tyrosines abolished Grb2 binding and LAB function. Our data suggested that these tyrosines are the most important tyrosines for LAB function.The dramatic reduction in phosphorylation of the LAB Y233F mutant suggested that Tyr233 is a primary target of the Syk family kinases." SIGNOR-273576 DNA_damage stimulus SIGNOR-ST1 SIGNOR ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000007 12556884 f miannu "Cellular irradiation induces rapid intermolecular autophosphorylation of serine 1981 that causes dimer dissociation and initiates cellular ATM kinase activity. Most ATM molecules in the cell are rapidly phosphorylated on this site after doses of radiation as low as 0.5 Gy, and binding of a phosphospecific antibody is detectable after the introduction of only a few DNA double-strand breaks in the cell. Activation of the ATM kinase seems to be an initiating event in cellular responses to irradiation." SIGNOR-253376 "phosphatidic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:16337 ChEBI SOS1 protein Q07889 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 17486115 t gcesareni "Phosphatidic acid interacts with a defined site in the sos ph domain with high affinity and specificity" SIGNOR-154676 nilotinib chemical CHEBI:52172 ChEBI BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194640 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RUNX1 protein Q01196 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser266 QYLGSIAsPSVHPAT 9606 16046550 t "The effect has been demonstrated using Q01196-8." gcesareni "Phosphorylation of ser-48, ser-303, and ser-424 by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) increases runx1 trans-activation activity without perturbing p300 interaction." SIGNOR-138912 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT ANAPC1 protein Q9H1A4 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser355 AALSRAHsPALGVHS 9606 14657031 t lperfetto "Apc activation is thought to depend on apc phosphorylation and cdc20 binding. We have identified 43 phospho_sites on apc of which at least 34 are mitosis specific. Of these, 32 sites are clustered in parts of apc1 and the tetratricopeptide repeat (tpr) subunits cdc27, cdc16, cdc23 and apc7. In vitro, at least 15 of the mitotic phospho_sites can be generated by cyclin_dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), and 3 by polo_like kinase 1 (plk1). Apc phosphorylation by cdk1, but not by plk1, is sufficient for increased cdc20 binding and apc activation" SIGNOR-119705 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT VIM protein P08670 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser34 SRSYVTTsTRTYSLG -1 2500966 t lperfetto "We reported that stoichiometric phosphorylation by either cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C induces disassembly of vimentin filaments. In the present work, we attempted to identify the sites of vimentin phosphorylated by each protein kinase. Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides, together with the known primary sequence, revealed that Ser-8, Ser-9, Ser-20, Ser-25, Ser-33, and Ser-41 were specifically phosphorylated by protein kinase C, whereas Ser-46 was phosphorylated preferentially by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Both kinases reacted with Ser-6, Ser-24, Ser-38, Ser-50, and Ser-65." SIGNOR-248880 LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000782 17998336 t "inferred from 70% of family members" gcesareni "The sh3 domain of lck modulates t-cell receptor-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through activation of raf-1." SIGNOR-269899 FBXW7 protein Q969H0 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 15546612 t lperfetto "Purified recombinant cycc:cdk8 phosphorylates the notch icd within the tad and pest domains, and expression of cycc:cdk8 strongly enhances notch icd hyperphosphorylation and pest-dependent degradation by the fbw7/sel10 ubiquitin ligase in vivo." SIGNOR-254310 FRAT2 protein O75474 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 11738041 t gcesareni "The structure of phosphorylated GSK-3beta complexed with a peptide, FRATtide, that inhibits beta-catenin phosphorylation." SIGNOR-244030 UTS2R protein Q9UKP6 UNIPROT GNAS protein Q5JWF2 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256779 PHT-427 chemical CID:44240850 PUBCHEM PDPK1 protein O15530 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0001271 21715304 t gcesareni "Consistent with the results described in figures 3c and and4a,4a, treatment of 32d/bcr-abl cells with the bcr-abl inhibitor imatinib, the pi3k inhibitor ly294002 or the akt/pdpk1 inhibitor pht-427 substantially reduced atf5 promoter-directed luciferase activity" SIGNOR-174612 GRM5 protein P41594 UNIPROT GNAS protein P63092 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000227 20055706 t miannu "MGluRs are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, the most abundant receptor gene family in the human genome. GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins that are activated by extracellular ligands such as light, peptides, and neurotransmitters, and transduce intracellular signals via interactions with G proteins. The resulting change in conformation of the GPCR induced by ligand binding activates the G protein, which is composed of a heterotrimeric complex of α, β, and γ subunits." SIGNOR-264078 SRMS protein Q9H3Y6 UNIPROT DOK1 protein Q99704 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 23822091 t lperfetto "These data indicate that ectopically‐expressed GFP‐SRMS interacts with and mediates the phosphorylation of overexpressed GFP‐Dok1." SIGNOR-264569 NMUR2 protein Q9GZQ4 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257292 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TFEB protein P19484 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser142 AGNSAPNsPMAMLHI 9606 BTO:0000567 21617040 t gcesareni "Evidence for ERK2-mediated TFEB phosphorylation came from ERK2-TFEB coimmuno-precipitation (fig. S12C) in normal but not in starved medium and from a peptide-based kinase assay showing that mutation of Ser142 to alanine abolished ERK2-mediated phosphorylation (" SIGNOR-248279 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR BCL2L11 protein O43521 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr116 SCDKSTQtPSPPCQA 9606 12591950 t lperfetto "Biml (bim long) was induced and phosphorylated parallel to jnk activitythese data demonstrate that biml is phosphorylated in vivo on thr-56 and that jnk also phosphorylates biml on at least one serine residue (ser-44 and/or ser-58)" SIGNOR-98392 PTPN1 protein P18031 UNIPROT TRPV6 protein Q9H1D0 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000007 17197020 t llicata "In HEK293 cells, transfected with the Ca2+ channel protein TRPV6, Ca2+ influx is increased and TRPV6 is tyrosine phosphorylated following addition of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor|PTP1B interacts with the N-terminal domain of TRPV6 within a region of amino acids 1-191 as shown by co-immunoprecipitation, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and the yeast 2-hybrid system. Point mutation of both tyrosines 161 and 162 in the TRPV6 protein abolishes the DMHV-effect on Ca2+ influx and tyrosine phosphorylation by Src. Single mutations of Y161 or Y162 shows that each of both tyrosines alone is sufficient for the DMHV-effect. We conclude that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of tyrosines in position 161 and 162 is essential for regulation of Ca2+ influx through TRPV6 Ca2+ channels in HEK293 cells." SIGNOR-248433 GLI1/GLI2 complex SIGNOR-C450 SIGNOR CCND1 protein P24385 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000304 32766732 t "GLI2 and GLI1 heterodimerize via the Zn-finger domain" SimoneGraziosi "GLI1 and GLI2 were shown to co-immunoprecipitate in PANC1 pancreatic cancer cells and RMS13 rhabdomyosarcoma cells.|Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GLI1 and GLI2 occupied the same regions at the BCL2, MYCN and CCND1 promoters. Furthermore, depletion of GLI1 inhibited GLI2 occupancy at these promoters, suggesting that GLI1/GLI2 interaction is required for the recruitment of GLI2 to these sites. | RNAi knockdown of either GLI1 or GLI2 inhibited expression of many well-characterized GLI target genes (BCL2, MYCN, PTCH2, IL7 and CCND1) in PANC1 cells" SIGNOR-269213 SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT CBL protein P22681 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 10029 BTO:0000977 10854852 t lperfetto "APS-mediated recruitment of c-Cbl to the insulin receptor led to rapid ubiquitination of the insulin receptor beta-subunit in CHO. T-APS but not in parental CHO.T cells. These results suggest that the function of APS is to facilitate coupling of the insulin receptor to c-Cbl in order to catalyse the ubiquitination of the receptor and initiation of internalisation or degradation." SIGNOR-78337 "CCR4-NOT complex" complex SIGNOR-C439 SIGNOR RC3H2 protein Q9HBD1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 31320642 t lperfetto "In addition to its role in bulk mRNA decay, CCR4-NOT can also catalyze the deadenylation or promote translational repression of specific mRNA targets to which it is recruited by RNA binding proteins, such as Nanos, Roquin and Puf/Pumilio proteins" SIGNOR-268353 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR BIRC3 protein Q13489 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9916987 f gcesareni "The iaps have been shown to be induced by nf-kappab or v-rel in multiple cell lines and conversely, hiap1 and hiap2 have been shown to activate nf-kappab possibly forming a positive feed-back loop." SIGNOR-64103 MST1 protein P26927 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr183 DTMAKRNtVIGTPFW 9606 11805089 t llicata "We directly show that okadaic acid induces phosphorylation in the activation loop of mst, and, once phosphorylated, mst is rapidly translocated to the nucleus. when thr183 in mst1 was mutated to ala, no band could be detected by oa treatment,2 indicating that thr183 was the site of phosphorylation." SIGNOR-114289 SMO protein Q99835 UNIPROT GNB2 protein P62879 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Consistent with its predicted topology, smo couples to a specific family of inhibitory g protein (gis) to regulate hh signaling." SIGNOR-199177 Bafetinib chemical CID:24853523 PUBCHEM BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21154127 t irozzo "Bafetinib (NS-187, INNO-406) is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor in development by CytRx under license from Nippon Shinyaku for treating Bcr-Abl+ leukemia's, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is a rationally developed tyrosine kinase inhibitor based on the chemical structure of imatinib, with modifications added to improve binding and potency against Bcr-Abl kinase." SIGNOR-255819 CRTC2 protein Q53ET0 UNIPROT G6P proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF81 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 26652733 t "inferred from family member" miannu "Further, CRTC2 is required for the glucocorticoid-associated cooperative mRNA expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis, by facilitating the attraction of GR and itself to its promoter region already occupied by CREB" SIGNOR-267788 DISP1 protein Q96F81 UNIPROT SHH protein Q15465 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 22902404 t lperfetto "We show that the vertebrate homologue, dispatched-a (dispa) interacts with human sonic hedgehog (hshh) via its cholesterol anchor, and that this interaction is necessary for hshh secretion. binding to dispa is necessary but not sufficient for hshh secretion" SIGNOR-191888 6-phospho-D-gluconate smallmolecule CHEBI:16863 ChEBI "D-ribulose 5-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:17363 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 34775382 t miannu "6 PG undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) producing Ru5P and the second NADPH molecule." SIGNOR-267059 BCL7A protein Q4VC05 UNIPROT GBAF complex SIGNOR-C467 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30397315 t miannu "Mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that modulate genomic architecture and DNA accessibility, enabling timely and appropriate control of gene expression. They are combinatorially assembled from the products of 29 total genes into three final-form complexes: canonical BAF, PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF complexes), and a newly-defined non-canonical BAF (ncBAF), with specific subunits specifying distinct complexes, such as PBRM1, ARID2, and BRD7 in PBAF complexes, ARID1A/ARID1B and DPF2 in canonical BAF (cBAF) complexes, and GLTSCR1/GLTSCR1L and BRD9 in ncBAF complexes" SIGNOR-269784 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RGS14 protein O43566 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser260 NAALRREsQGSLNSS -1 12534294 t miannu "RGS14 is phosphorylated in vitro at Ser258 and Thr494 by PKA. cAMP-induced phosphorylation as an important modulator of RGS14 function since phosphorylation could enhance RGS14 binding to Galpha(i)-GDP" SIGNOR-250045 9-(1-Methyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-[1-(1-oxoprop-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl]-2-benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridinone chemical CID:71748056 PUBCHEM EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 24556163 t miannu "This analysis revealed that QL47 also potently inhibits BMX with an IC50 of 6.7 nM but impressively displays more than 100-fold selectivity against EGFR, HER2, JAK3, BLK, TEC, and ITK that possess an equivalently placed cysteine" SIGNOR-262237 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Thr18 EPPLSQEtFSDLWKL 9606 10710310 t gcesareni "Chk1/chk2 and atm/atr also phosphorylate the effector p53, increasing its stability.We Have demonstrated that the human homologs of the checkpoint kinases, chk1 and chk2/hcds1, phosphorylate at least three dna damage-inducible phosphorylation sites in p53." SIGNOR-75645 RBBP4 protein Q09028 UNIPROT "MBD2/NuRD complex" complex SIGNOR-C337 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 27098840 t miannu "The NuRD complex is a multi-protein transcriptional corepressor that couples histone deacetylase and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling activities.In humans, an assembly of proteins called the NuRD complex makes chromatin more compact by removing acetyl groups from nucleosomes. This complex is important for early development and for the stability and repair of our genes. Three proteins make up its core: HDAC1, which removes the acetyl group from the nucleosome; MTA1, which acts as a scaffold to hold the complex together; and RBBP4, which enables the complex to interact with nucleosomes. MBD2 and MBD3 are members of the methyl cytosine-guanosine (CpG)-binding domain (MBD) family of proteins42; 43. Of the five MBD members, only MBD2 and MBD3 associate with NuRD and are required for the complex formation and gene repression." SIGNOR-263837 FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25875593 t irozzo "C-Fos dimerizes with c-Jun to form the transcription activator protein-1 (AP-1) which binds to the specific recognition site." SIGNOR-256368 clomipramine chemical CHEBI:47780 ChEBI SLC6A4 protein P31645 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000007 9537821 t miannu "Among the antidepressants that we tested, paroxetine, which is a serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor based on animal data, was the most potent for the human serotonin transporter with a KD=0.13±0.01 nM. Some tricyclic antidepressants (clomipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline), as well as some other antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine) and some of their metabolites (norfluoxetine, desmethylsertraline and desmethylcitalopram) were also very potent at the human serotonin transporter." SIGNOR-258876 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT TLR4 protein O00206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 20547845 t gcesareni "Here we show that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pivotal receptor for activation of innate immunity and cytokine release, is required for HMGB1-dependent activation of macrophage TNF release." SIGNOR-252057 "Complement C1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C309 SIGNOR C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg756 KGQAGLQrALEILQE -1 9087411 t lperfetto "The classical complement activation pathway, like the MELinitiated pathway, involves the generation of a C3-converting complex, C4b2b, through enzymatic activation of C4 and C2. In the C1 complex (C1qr2s2), this specific protease activity is exhibited by C1s after activation of this enzyme by C1r. When C4 is activated, its reactive thiol ester is exposed and C4b binds covalently to nearby amino or hydroxyl groups. The C4-activating abilities of MASP-1 and MASP-2 were compared.|Activation of C4 by Ct sand MASP-2 on western blots." SIGNOR-263427 ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT ERBB3 protein P21860 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 12648465 t "Most breast, skin, lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract tumors express ErbB-3, and heterodimerization of this receptor with ErbB-2, may be involved in some cancers." gcesareni "Although ErbB-2 binds no known ligand, when recruited into heterodimers it increases ligand binding affinity" SIGNOR-99569 MYO10 protein Q9HD67 UNIPROT Axonal_growth_cone_formation phenotype SIGNOR-PH199 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 27580874 f miannu "Myosin X is required for filopodia formation and extension. myosin X functions as an antiparallel dimer in cells with a unique geometry optimized for movement on actin bundles. Myosin X facilitates initiation and elongation of filopodia, which implies favouring formation of parallel bundled F-actin filaments." SIGNOR-268284 Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 10090 BTO:0000452 16892090 f "inferred from family member" "HK II via its mitochondrial location also suppresses the death of cancer cells, thus increasing their possibility for metastasis and the ultimate death of the human host" SIGNOR-270309 BCL2 protein P10415 UNIPROT BAX protein Q07812 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000776;BTO:0000785 8183370 t lperfetto "Bcl-2 has the unique oncogenic role of extending cell survival by inhibiting a variety of apoptotic deaths. Bcl-2 exerts its action through heterodimerization with bax." SIGNOR-36898 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TAOK1 protein Q7L7X3 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser990 SRSTSVTsQISNGSH 9606 17396146 t gcesareni "The dna damage kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm) phosphorylates taos in vitro;radiation induces phosphorylation of tao on a consensus site for phosphorylation by the atmprotein kinase in cells." SIGNOR-154167 F5 protein P12259 UNIPROT "Factor Va-Xa" complex SIGNOR-C318 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 2026608 t lperfetto "The binding of factor Xa to factor Va in the presence of Ca2+ ions and phospholipid is fundamental for the activation of prothrombin to thrombin. |Regardless of which protein was labeled, a factor Xa-Va complex (s20,w = 9.8) was formed. The interaction is specific and reversible. I" SIGNOR-263558 HDAC1 protein Q13547 UNIPROT "CoREST-HDAC complex" complex SIGNOR-C105 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 11171972 t miannu "Here we describe the components of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that we term the CoREST-HDAC complex. CoREST Is a Component of an HDAC1/2 Complex. p40 is a Sox-like protein, p110b contains homology to polyamine oxidases, p110a is ZNF217, an eight-zinc finger protein, and p80 is a hypothetical protein of unknown function." SIGNOR-222124 tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29182 ChEBI Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) smallmolecule CHEBI:29161 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 16429158 t miannu "YARS (also known as TyrRS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism. Tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl-adenylate and is then transferred to tRNATyr" SIGNOR-270523 PABPC4 protein Q13310 UNIPROT "messenger RNA" smallmolecule CHEBI:33699 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 25480299 t lperfetto "As poly(A)+ mRNAs are associated with poly(A) binding protein (PABP) in cells|his result suggests that PABPC1 binds preferentially to long poly(A) tails and protects them from TUT4/7 and thereby enhances the selectivity of uridylation according to poly(A) tail length." SIGNOR-268319 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR NLRP3 protein Q96P20 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys689 GFLHNMPkEEEEEEK 9606 BTO:0000018 26037928 t miannu "LPS exposure reduces the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal processing of NALP3 by inducing levels of an E3 ligase component, FBXO3, which targets FBXL2. The latter is an endogenous mediator of NALP3 degradation. FBXL2 recognizes Trp-73 within NALP3 for interaction and targets Lys-689 within NALP3 for ubiquitin ligation and degradation. " SIGNOR-272434 HSPA2 protein P54652 UNIPROT MAP3K5 protein Q99683 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 12391142 t gcesareni "Coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed a physical interaction between endogenous hsp72 and ask1 in nih 3t3 cells exposed to mild heat shock. Hsp72 blocked both the homo-oligomerization of ask1 and ask1-dependent apoptosis." SIGNOR-94565 T_cell_activation phenotype SIGNOR-PH73 SIGNOR ARDS phenotype SIGNOR-PH128 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 32446778 f miannu "The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the lung induces an uncontrolled generalized immune response. Several immune cells (like T-lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) sustain the impressive secretion of cytokines and chemokines ultimately leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data clearly indicate that, in SARS-CoV in-fection, ARDS is the ultimate result of a cytokine storm." SIGNOR-261022 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT TRAF1 protein Q13077 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 9733516 f gcesareni "Thus, our data indicate that nf-kb controls the expression of traf1 and traf2 and c-iap1 and c-iap2" SIGNOR-59954 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT TPPP protein O94811 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser160 GVTKAISsPTVSRLT -1 17693641 t miannu "Here we show that TPPP induces tubulin self-assembly into intact frequently bundled microtubules, and that the phosphorylation of specific sites distinctly affects the function of TPPP. The phosphorylation sites Thr(14), Ser(18), Ser(160) for Cdk5; Ser(18), Ser(160) for ERK2, and Ser(32) for PKA were identified by mass spectrometry. The phosphorylation by ERK2 or Cdk5 resulted in the loss of microtubule-assembling activity of TPPP." SIGNOR-262931 BCR-ABL "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP6 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr160 QVPQQPTyVQALFDF 9606 BTO:0000007 20554525 t lperfetto "Our data show that BCR-ABL also phosphorylates Grb2 in Tyr160Previous reports suggested an inhibitory role of Grb2 Tyr7, Tyr37, Tyr52, and Tyr209 phosphorylation in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling (16) (43). Instead, in our system Grb2 Tyr160 mutation was not show to have a role in ALCL proliferation." SIGNOR-247146 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT HMGN2 protein P05204 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser29 QRRSARLsAKPAPPK 9606 BTO:0000567 11438671 t lperfetto "We report here that the NBD of the HMGN1 and -N2 protein family is highly and specifically phosphorylated during mitosis and that this phosphorylation has a major functional consequence: it abolishes the interaction of the proteins with its chromatin targets." SIGNOR-249103 TLN1 protein Q9Y490 UNIPROT "AIIB/b3 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C173 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000132 16418530 t lperfetto "In response to agonist stimulation, the alphaIIbbeta3 integrin on platelets is converted to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation. This process contributes to both normal hemostasis and thrombosis. Activation of alphaIIbbeta3 is believed to occur in part via engagement of the beta3 cytoplasmic tail with talin; however, the role of the alphaIIb tail and its potential binding partners in regulating alphaIIbbeta3 activation is less clear. We report that calcium and integrin binding protein 1 (CIB1), which interacts directly with the alphaIIb tail, is an endogenous inhibitor of alphaIIbbeta3 activation; overexpression of CIB1 in megakaryocytes blocks agonist-induced alphaIIbbeta3 activation, whereas reduction of endogenous CIB1 via RNA interference enhances activation. CIB1 appears to inhibit integrin activation by competing with talin for binding to alphaIIbbeta3, thus providing a model for tightly controlled regulation of alphaIIbbeta3 activation." SIGNOR-253358 [4-[2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-(1-piperazinyl)methanone chemical CHEBI:91441 ChEBI ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258127 TUT4 protein Q5TAX3 UNIPROT mRNA_polyadenylation phenotype SIGNOR-PH200 SIGNOR down-regulates 25480299 f lperfetto "Uridylation occurs pervasively on mRNAs, yet its mechanism and significance remain unknown. By applying TAIL-seq, we identify TUT4 and TUT7 (TUT4/7), also known as ZCCHC11 and ZCCHC6, respectively, as mRNA uridylation enzymes. Uridylation readily occurs on deadenylated mRNAs in cells." SIGNOR-268355 EXT1 protein Q16394 UNIPROT WNT8A protein Q9H1J5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" 9606 24860992 f miannu "Decreased Ext1 was shown to reduce the level of Wnt8 and BMP4 signaling and disrupt ventral-specific gene expression. Ext1 function is required for maintenance of normal levels of BMP and wnt, as well as their target genes. In addition, expression of xbra and the establishment of ventral mesoderm depend upon normal levels of Ext1. These findings suggest that ext1-dependent synthesis of HSPG is critical for wnt and BMP signaling, mesodermal identity, and ventral pattern." SIGNOR-264019 ritonavir chemical CHEBI:45409 ChEBI UGT1A1 protein P22309 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21030469 t Luana "Fourteen of the compounds studied inhibited both bilirubin and estradiol glucuronidation (Table 1). Among these 14 compounds, ritonavir, anthraflavic acid, levothyroxine, riluzole, baicalein, farnesol, 4′-OH-phenytoin, 4-methylumbelliferone, raltegravir, and 1-naphthol exhibited very similar IC50 values (differences less than 2-fold) on both bilirubin glucuronidation and estradiol-3-glucuronidation (Table 1). Ketoconazole, carvedilol, and niflumic acid exhibited more disparity with respect to inhibition of the two reactions in that these compounds exhibited at least a 2-fold higher IC50 value against bilirubin glucuronidation than against estradiol-3-glucuronidation. SN-38 only weakly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation (IC50 = 356 μM) and seemed to be a partial inhibitor of estradiol-3-glucuronidation." SIGNOR-258154 PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT OPTN protein Q96CV9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser177 SSGSSEDsFVEIRMA 9606 22365832 t lperfetto "Here we show that at mitotic entry, plk1 phosphorylates optineurin (optn) at serine 177 and that this dissociates optn from the golgi-localized gtpase rab8, inducing its translocation into the nucleus." SIGNOR-196367 CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257014 GGCX protein P38435 UNIPROT F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" carboxylation Glu65 MEETCSYeEAREVFE -1 9538022 t lperfetto "This report describes the expression, purification, and characterization of a series of recombinant factor Xa variants bearing aspartate substitutions for each of the glutamate residues which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation. |We have produced fully active recombinant human factor Xa and demonstrated that gla residues 16, 26, and 29 are critical for normal activity of factor Xa.|This observation suggests that, for wild-type r-fX expressed in HEK cells, carboxylation by the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase proceeds to completion once initiated; | 11 amino terminal glutamic acid residues of fX which normally undergo gamma-carboxylation (glas 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29, 32, 39)." SIGNOR-263670 L-isoprenaline chemical CHEBI:6257 ChEBI ADRB1 protein P08588 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257456 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT ARHGEF6 protein Q15052 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser640 RKTERKPsEEEYVIR 9606 BTO:0000132 26507661 t lperfetto "ARHGEF6 is a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 and constitutively bound to GIT1. NO and PGI2 activate PKG and PKA, respectively and both kinases phosphorylate ARHGEF6 on Ser-684 and possibly on Ser-640. Phosphorylation of ARHGEF6 results in the assembly of a GIT1-ARHGEF6–14-3-3 complex. These changes might contribute to PGI2- and NO-mediated Rac1 inhibition." SIGNOR-272162 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT NARS1 protein O43776 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 33384352 t miannu "QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress." SIGNOR-269422 BAZ2B protein Q9UIF8 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 acetylation:Lys15 ARKSTGGkAPRKQLA 31999386 t miannu "The BAZ2B bromodomain has been shown to bind to acetylated H3K14 (H3K14ac), whose presence at promoter regions is generally associated with gene activation. This suggests a potential role for BAZ2B in transcriptional activation." SIGNOR-266622 RALGDS protein Q12967 UNIPROT RIN1 protein Q13671 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10545207 t miannu "Rit and Rin were found to interact with the known Ras binding proteins RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6/Canoe. These interactions were GTP and effector domain dependent and suggest that RalGDS, Rlf, and AF-6 are Rit and Rin effectors." SIGNOR-220923 DRD1 protein P21728 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257335 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR MSX2 protein P35548 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 31548378 t miannu " Mechanistic studies revealed that MSX2 is a new substrate of SCFFBXW2 E3 ubiquitin ligase.  Taken together, our combined results showed that MSX2 is a substrate of the SCFFBXW2 E3 ligase, which ubiquitylates it and targets it for proteasome degradation." SIGNOR-272261 HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT GNAZ protein P19086 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257022 methiothepin chemical CHEBI:64203 ChEBI HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9550290 t miannu "Together, these data show that (i) [3H]-S 15535 is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand which labels both G-protein-coupled and uncoupled 5-HT1A receptors, (ii) antagonists, such as WAY 100,635, which yield monophasic isotherms in competition with both [3H]-agonists and [3H]-antagonists, are not sensitive to the G-protein coupling state of the receptor, but (iii) spiperone and methiothepin behaved as inverse agonists, their competition isotherms with [3H]-S 15535 being modulated in an opposite manner to those of agonists." SIGNOR-258892 EFNB1 protein P98172 UNIPROT EPHB4 protein P54760 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 9330863 t tpavlidou "Receptors of the epha group preferentially interact with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-linked ligands (of the ephrin-a subclass, which comprises five ligands), while receptors of the ephb group preferentially interact with transmembrane ligands (of the ephrin-b subclass, which comprises three ligands) (table 1). In either case, binding of a ligand results in eph receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and activation of the kinase activity of the eph receptor" SIGNOR-52580 APC-c complex SIGNOR-C150 SIGNOR KIF2C protein Q99661 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination -1 24510915 t miannu "Biochemical studies on the kinesins confirmed KIFC1, KIF18A, KIF2C, and KIF4A as APC/C substrates. Furthermore, we showed that the APC/CCDH1-dependent degradation of KIFC1 regulates the bipolar spindle formation and proper cell division. Our in vitro degradation assays showed a time-dependent degradation for four of the five potential substrates tested: KIF18A, KIF2C, KIFC1 and KIF4A were readily degraded in vitro, however remained stable in the presence of either APC/C inhibitor (Fig​(Fig4A4A and Supplementary Fig S3A)." SIGNOR-266111 UBE3A protein Q05086 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000567 17121805 t miannu "E6-induced degradation of DLG4 depends on E6AP in vivo.  Our findings as a whole indicate that E6AP is involved in E6-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of DLG4 both in vivo and in vitro." SIGNOR-271397 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser239 LIRGVKSsGKVVYFT 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262922 ERCC2 protein P18074 UNIPROT TFIIH complex SIGNOR-C457 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30860024 t lperfetto "Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair.|The TFIIH core complex is composed of the seven subunits XPB, XPD, p62, p52, p44, p34, and p8, and is the form of TFIIH active in DNA repair|and additionally the CdK activating kinase (CAK) complex, which harbors the kinase activity of CDK7 as well as the Cyclin H and MAT1 subunits" SIGNOR-269312 MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT HLA-G protein P17693 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000848 8206526 f miannu "In melanoma, HLA class I expression is suppressed by overexpression of the c-myc oncogene." SIGNOR-254607 IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI up-regulates 9606 15829723 f apalma "Mechanical loading increases IGF-I release, and IGF-I can stimulate Ca2+ influx and thereby activate calcineurin" SIGNOR-255100 PTP4A3 protein O75365 UNIPROT EZR protein P15311 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Thr567 QGRDKYKtLRQIRQG 9606 BTO:0001109 18078820 t "Here we report the identification of Ezrin as a specific and direct cellular substrate of PRL-3. In HCT116 colon cancer cell line, Ezrin was identified among the cellular proteins whose phosphorylation level decreased upon ectopic over-expression of wtPRL-3 but not of catalytically inactive PRL-3 mutants. Although PRL-3 over-expression in HCT116 cells appeared to affect Ezrin phosphorylation status at both tyrosine residues and Thr567, suppression of the endogenous protein by RNA interference pointed to Ezrin-Thr567 as the residue primarily affected by PRL-3 action." SIGNOR-248342 SHMT2 protein P34897 UNIPROT glycine smallmolecule CHEBI:15428 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 32439610 t lperfetto "Serine catabolism initiated by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) transfers thegamma-carbon amino acid side chain to THF, forming glycine and 5,10-methylene-THF (me-THF) (Fig. 1). The cytosolic (SHMT1) and mitochondrial (SHMT2) isoforms perform the same reactions." SIGNOR-268224 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR MAP2K4 protein P45985 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser80 IERLRTHsIESSGKL 9606 BTO:0000007 11707464 t lperfetto "Akt phosphorylated sek1 on serine 78." SIGNOR-244285 AMPA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF58 SIGNOR Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 15919192 f miannu "Glutamate receptor ion channels mediate excitatory responses at the majority of CNS synapses. The glutamate receptor ion channels (iGluRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain and spinal cord and mediate responses at the vast majority of excitatory synapses. Mammalian iGluRs are encoded by 18 genes that assemble to form four major families, the AMPA, kainate, NMDA and delta receptors. There are four AMPA receptor genes (GluR1–4); five kainate receptor genes (GluR5–7, plus KA1 and KA2); seven NMDA receptor genes (NR1, NR2A-D, NR3A and NR3B); and two delta subunits." SIGNOR-264695 CELF4 protein Q9BZC1 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000227 23209433 f miannu "CELF4 (CUGBP, ELAV-like family member 4) is one of six mammalian CELF proteins that function in mRNA metabolism. CELF4 is expressed predominantly in excitatory neurons, with highest expression in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. we suggest that CELF4 deficiency leads to abnormal neuronal function by combining a specific effect on neuronal excitation with a general impairment of synaptic transmission." SIGNOR-264257 MTHFR protein P42898 UNIPROT (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18608 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10720211 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in the folate cycle and contributes to the metabolism of the amino acid homocysteine. It catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, thus generating the active form of folate required for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine." SIGNOR-268229 2-(2-chloro-4-iodoanilino)-N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3,4-difluorobenzamide chemical CHEBI:91353 ChEBI MAP2K2 protein P36507 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258204 F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT TXNIP protein Q9H3M7 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000007 21072196 f miannu "PAR-2 activation up-regulated four genes more than 5 fold (DUSP6, WWOX, AREG, SERPINB2) and down-regulated another six genes more than 3 fold (TXNIP, RARG, ITGB4, CTSD, MSC and TM4SF15)." SIGNOR-254857 "Tert-butyl 2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetrazatricyclo[8.3.0.02,6]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetate" chemical CID:46907787 PUBCHEM BRD2 protein P25440 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 30080437 t "Simone Vumbaca" "Through the integrative analyses of ChIP-seq and CAGE data, we elucidate the involvement of BRD2 in gene regulation upon BET inhibition by JQ1 in H23 cells." SIGNOR-261124 CUL5 protein Q93034 UNIPROT "Elongin E3-Cul-5" complex SIGNOR-C531 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 19300455 t miannu "Here, we provide the first evidence that a novel ASB2 isoform, ASB2beta, is important for muscle differentiation. ASB2beta is expressed in muscle cells during embryogenesis and in adult tissues. ASB2beta is part of an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targets the actin-binding protein filamin B (FLNb) for proteasomal degradation.  Altogether, our results indicated that ASB2β can assemble with elongin B, elongin C, Cullin 5 and Rbx2 to reconstitute an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.ASB2β induces polyubiquitylation of FLNb." SIGNOR-271798 HIF1A protein Q16665 UNIPROT ABCB1 protein P08183 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003123 12067980 f miannu "Examination of the MDR1 gene identified a binding site for hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and inhibition of HIF-1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides resulted in significant inhibition of hypoxia-inducible MDR1 expression and a nearly complete loss of basal MDR1 expression." SIGNOR-254420 JAG2 protein Q9Y219 UNIPROT NOTCH3 protein Q9UM47 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11006133 t gcesareni "These results suggest that delta1, jagged1, and jagged2 are ligands for notch1 and notch3 receptors." SIGNOR-82401 TTL protein Q8NG68 UNIPROT TUBA1A protein Q71U36 UNIPROT down-regulates tyrosination 9606 22020298 t miannu "Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization" SIGNOR-176912 CALM1 protein P0DP23 UNIPROT PPP3CA protein Q08209 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 11796223 t gcesareni "Calcium-bound calmodulin associates with calcineurin (cn), releasing the phosphatase from the repressive effects on an autoinhibitory domain." SIGNOR-114098 CADPS protein Q9ULU8 UNIPROT STX1A protein Q16623 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 SIGNOR-C346 24363652 t miannu "CAPS interacted independently with either syntaxin-1 or SNAP-25 suggesting that CAPS might promote QaQbc-SNARE heterodimer formation. CAPS binding to syntaxin-1 was mediated by the membrane-proximal C-terminal SNARE motif (H3) and membrane linker domain sequences of syntaxin-1" SIGNOR-264336 MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex SIGNOR-C147 SIGNOR Mitotic_checkpoint phenotype SIGNOR-PH28 SIGNOR up-regulates 17713585 f lperfetto "The mre11_rad50_nbs1 (mrn) complex is among the earliest respondents to dna double-strand breaks (dsbs).|Current emerging structural and biological evidence suggests that MRN has 3 coupled critical roles in DSB sensing, stabilization, signaling, and effector scaffolding: (1) expeditious establishment of protein--nucleic acid tethering scaffolds for the recognition and stabilization of DSBs; (2) initiation of DSB sensing, cell-cycle checkpoint signaling cascades, and establishment of epigenetic marks via the ATM kinase; and (3) functional regulation of chromatin remodeling in the vicinity of a DSB." SIGNOR-251503 CYC1 protein P08574 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III" complex SIGNOR-C279 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Complex III (EC 1.10.2.2) or quinol-cytochrome c reductase performs electron transfer coupled to proton pumping using the ‘Q-cycle’ mechanism [79,80]. Structurally, it is a tightly bound symmetrical dimer (cIII2), being each ‘monomer’ composed of three catalytic core (MT-CYB, CYC1 and UQCRFS1) and seven supernumerary subunits" SIGNOR-262192 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT YWHAZ protein P63104 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser184 FYYEILNsPEKACSL 9606 15071501 t gcesareni "Jnk phosphorylates 14-3-3zetaat ser-184 and 14-3-3sigmaat ser-188" SIGNOR-124031 PRKD1 protein Q15139 UNIPROT SSH1 protein Q8WYL5 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser937 SNLTRSSsSDSIHSV 9606 BTO:0000150 19567672 t llicata "Pkd-mediated phosphorylation of serines 937 and 978 regulates ssh1l subcellular localization by binding of 14-3-3 proteins 14-3-3 proteins associate with ssh1l when phosphorylated at serines 937 and 978, thereby sequestering ssh1l in the cytoplasm and preventing translocation of the phosphatase to f-actin_rich membrane protrusions" SIGNOR-186467 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 20179209 t lperfetto "Pkcs phosphorylate bad under in vitro conditions, and the association of phosphorylated bad with pkc-mu or pkc-epsilon, as shown by immunoprecipitation, indicated direct involvement of pkcs in bad phosphorylation. To confirm these results, cells overexpressing pegfp-n1, wt-bad, or bad with a single site mutated (ser112ala;ser136ala;ser155ala), two sites mutated (ser(112/136)ala;ser(112/155)ala;ser(136/155)ala), or the triple mutant were tested. Igf-i protected completely against rapamycin-induced apoptosis in cells overexpressing wt-bad and mutants having either one or two sites of phosphorylation mutated" SIGNOR-163908 PTPN9 protein P43378 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 16679294 t gcesareni "Ectopic expression of ptp-meg2 in cells inhibited insulin-induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, while rnai-mediated reduction of ptp-meg2 transcript levels enhanced insulin action" SIGNOR-146672 SLC38A2 protein Q96QD8 UNIPROT "L-glutamine zwitterion" smallmolecule CHEBI:58359 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 26724577 t "Fourteen of them [[SLC transporters] , capable of transporting glutamine across the plasma membrane, are found in four families: SLC1, SLC6, SLC7, and SLC38. However, it is generally thought that the members of the SLC38 family are the principal transporters for glutamine." SIGNOR-266913 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT NMT1 protein P30419 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr180 YTLLNENyVEDDDNM -1 11594778 t "Human NMT was found to be phosphorylated by non-receptor tyrosine kinase family members of Lyn, Fyn and Lck. Tyr100 is the principle phosphorylation site on hNMT for Lyn and Fyn. The significance of a phosphorylation-dependent interaction between NMT and a tyrosine kinase is not known at present." SIGNOR-251179 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR SMAD1 protein Q15797 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000763;BTO:0000149 10197981 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Ras signaling was shown previously to induce the phosphorylation of the bmp mediator smad1 at four erk consensus sites in the linker domain (kretzschmar et al. 1997a). Phosphorylation of these four sites inhibits smad1 accumulation in the nucleus" SIGNOR-270005 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser400 AKTSTRSsAKTLKNR 9606 BTO:0000590 20679343 t lperfetto "Alzheimer disease neurons are characterized by extraneuronal plaques formed by aggregated amyloid-? Peptide and by intraneuronal tangles composed of fibrillar aggregates of the microtubule-associated tau protein. Tau is mostly found in a hyperphosphorylated form in these tangleswe find that three residues can be phosphorylated (ser-396, ser-400, and ser-404) by gsk3?" SIGNOR-167290 (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate(2-) smallmolecule CHEBI:18608 ChEBI methionine smallmolecule CHEBI:16811 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 10720211 t lperfetto "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in the folate cycle and contributes to the metabolism of the amino acid homocysteine. It catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, thus generating the active form of folate required for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine." SIGNOR-253141 ACE2 protein Q9BYF1 UNIPROT "Angiotensin 1-7" protein P01019-PRO_0000420660 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 32201502 t miannu "At first, ACE2 has been demonstrated to induce conversion of Ang I into Ang (1–7) by means of intermediate production of Ang (1–9), a fragment with unknown function." SIGNOR-260227 DOK4 protein Q8TEW6 UNIPROT SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0000671 12730241 t gcesareni "Insulin receptor-phosphorylated irs5/dok4 associates with rasgap, crk, src, and fyn, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85, grb2, shp-2, nck, or phospholipase cgamma src homology 2 domains, and activates mapk in cells." SIGNOR-101002 MED12 protein Q93074 UNIPROT "CKM complex" complex SIGNOR-C406 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23563140 t miannu "The CDK8 kinase module (CKM) is a conserved, dissociable Mediator subcomplex whose component subunits were genetically linked to the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal domain (CTD) and individually recognized as transcriptional repressors before Mediator was identified as a pre-eminent complex in eukaryotic transcription regulation." SIGNOR-266683 ZSWIM2 protein Q8NEG5 UNIPROT Apoptosis phenotype SIGNOR-PH2 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000007 16522193 f miannu "MEX can act as an E3, Ub (ubiquitin) ligase, through the E2, Ub-conjugating enzymes UbcH5a, UbcH5c or UbcH6. A region of MEX that contains the RING fingers and the ZZ zinc finger was required for interaction with UbcH5a and MEX self-association, whereas the SWIM domain was critical for MEX ubiquitination. The expression of MEX promoted apoptosis that was induced through Fas, DR (death receptor) 3 and DR4 signalling, but not that mediated by the BH3 (Bcl-2 homology 3)-only protein BimEL or the chemotherapeutic drug adriamycin. " SIGNOR-271556 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT3 protein P40763 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr705 DPGSAAPyLKTKFIC 9606 BTO:0000599 9575217 t lperfetto "Activation of wild type stat3: il-6 treatment causes stat3 recruitment to receptor tyrosine phosphopeptides (gp130) where it is phosphorylated on tyrosine 705 (y) by jak kinase" SIGNOR-236463 TGFB1 protein P01137 UNIPROT TAGLN protein Q01995 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20846954 f Regulation miannu "We used diploid human lung fibroblasts (WI38 cells) induced by TGFβ to differentiate into myofibroblast-like cells. In order to characterize this system, we first studied the expression of the myofibroblast marker genes ACTA2 (coding for smooth muscle α-actin; SMA), COL4A1 (encoding collagen type IV α1) and SM22A (coding for smooth muscle protein 22-α). As shown in Figure 1A and B, TGFβ induced the expression all three genes." SIGNOR-251924 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT8A protein Q9H1J5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000815 21113658 f lperfetto "For example, SOSTDC1 decreases Wnt signaling by impeding the binding of Wnt8 to the LRP6 receptor" SIGNOR-242742 MDFI protein Q99750 UNIPROT MYOD1 protein P15172 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 8797820 t 2 miannu "We demonstrate that I-mf inhibits the transactivation activity of the MyoD family and represses myogenesis. I-mf associates with MyoD family members and retains them in the cytoplasm by masking their nuclear localization signals." SIGNOR-240436 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr341 SEEQLQLyWAMDSTF 9606 20525694 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of a critical tyrosine (tyr-341) in the linker region of cbl-c by src or a phosphomimetic mutation of this tyrosine (y341e) is sufficient to increase the e3 activity of cbl-c." SIGNOR-165862 KPNA6 protein O60684 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT up-regulates relocalization 9606 20454918 t gcesareni "Nicd binds via one of its four potential nuclear localization signals to importins alfa3, alfa4, and alfa7. importins alpha3, alpha4 (and to a lesser extent, alpha7) mediate nuclear import of nicd and thus are directly involved in notch signaling." SIGNOR-165343 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser233 VSSQHRYsTPHAFTF 9534 12801936 t miannu "Protein kinase A blocks Raf-1 activity by stimulating 14-3-3 binding and blocking Raf-1 interaction with Ras. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) blocks Raf-1 activation by stimulating its phosphorylation on serine 43 (Ser43), serine 233 (Ser233), and serine 259 (Ser259)." SIGNOR-250040 SGK2 protein Q9HBY8 UNIPROT FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr32 QSRPRSCtWPLQRPE 9606 11154281 t lperfetto "Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a)|However, SGK and Akt display differences with respect to the efficacy with which they phosphorylate the three regulatory sites on FKHRL1. While both kinases can phosphorylate Thr-32, SGK displays a marked preference for Ser-315 whereas Akt favors Ser-253. These findings suggest that SGK and Akt may coordinately regulate the function of FKHRL1 by phosphorylating this transcription factor at distinct sites. The efficient phosphorylation of these three sites on FKHRL1 by SGK and Akt appears to be critical to the ability of growth factors to suppress FKHRL1-dependent transcription, thereby preventing FKHRL1 from inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis." SIGNOR-249132 PRKN protein O60260 UNIPROT PACRG protein Q96M98 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination -1 12150907 t miannu "In this study, we found that CHIP promotes Parkin-mediated Pael-R ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. In vitro ubiquitination assays suggested that only a combination of both Parkin and its cofactor CHIP function as a ubiquitin ligase, which is able to sufficiently ubiquitinate Pael-R in vivo (Figure 6). " SIGNOR-272889 PRKCE protein Q02156 UNIPROT RAB11A protein P62491 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser177 TEIYRIVsQKQMSDR -1 22188018 t miannu "This report shows for the first time that Rab11 is differentially phosphorylated by distinct PKC isoenzymes and that this post-translational modification might be a regulatory mechanism of intracellular trafficking.Our results demonstrate that classical PKC (PKCα and PKCβII but not PKCβI) directly phosphorylate Rab11 in vitro. In addition, novel PKCε and PKCη but not PKCδ isoenzymes also phosphorylate Rab11. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Ser 177 is the Rab11 residue to be phosphorylated in vitro by either PKCβII or PKCε." SIGNOR-263170 BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT Cell_cycle_progress phenotype SIGNOR-PH42 SIGNOR down-regulates 15549093 f lperfetto "The BRCA1 protein also contributes to cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair by homologous recombination" SIGNOR-267282 vandetanib chemical CHEBI:49960 ChEBI RET protein P07949 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258307 BCAS2 protein O75934 UNIPROT PRP19-CDC5L complex SIGNOR-C534 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20176811 t miannu "In this study, we affinity purified the human Prp19/CDC5L complex from HeLa cell lines stably expressing FLAG-AD002 or FLAG-SPF27 and determined its molecular architecture and EM structure. To learn more about the spatial organization of the human Prp19 (hPrp19)/CDC5L complex, which is comprised of hPrp19, CDC5L, PRL1, AD002, SPF27, CTNNBL1, and HSP73, we purified native hPrp19/CDC5L complexes from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged AD002 or SPF27." SIGNOR-271973 "GABA-A (a5-b1-g2) receptor" complex SIGNOR-C335 SIGNOR CRHR1 protein P34998 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 BTO:0000614 33536967 f lperfetto "OT inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression at the hypothalamus, resulting in antistress and anti-anxiety effects| It has been demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of OT on CRF mRNA expression is not a direct one on CRF neurons. GABAergic neurons are present in the surroundings of the PVN (peri-PVN). These GABA-projecting neurons into the PVN inhibits CRF expression via GABAA receptors" SIGNOR-268606 DISC1 protein Q9NRI5 UNIPROT PAFAH1B1 protein P43034 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 17202468 t miannu "Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia. DISC1 is reported to interact with NudE-like (NUDEL), which forms a complex with lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) and 14-3-3ε. 14-3-3ε is involved in the proper localization of NUDEL and LIS1 in axons. the association with NUDEL and LIS1 supports the notion that DISC1 contributes to the neuronal development and morphology " SIGNOR-252163 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT16 protein Q9UBV4 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242718 AML1-ETO "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP1 SIGNOR PTGS2 protein P35354 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0004850 23645839 f miannu "AML1-ETO (AE) is an oncogene that plays an important role in inducing self-renewal of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), leading to the development of leukemia stem cells. Here, we show that AE also induces expression of the Cox-2 gene and activates β-catenin in mouse bone marrow cells." SIGNOR-255683 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CHCHD3 protein Q9NX63 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr11 TTSTRRVtFEADENE -1 17242405 t miannu "Identification of ChChd3 as a novel substrate of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) using an analog-sensitive catalytic subunit. we used the recombinant GST-ChChd3 for an in vitro kinase assays to determine whether in vitro phosphorylation by PKA was direct. Fig. 6 demonstrates that PKA directly phosphorylates recombinant Chchd3 with a stoichiometry of 0.3 mol of phosphate incorporated per mol of ChChd3. Although three potential PKA phosphorylation sites exist in ChChd3, Thr10 represents the most likely site to be phosphorylated." SIGNOR-263116 DAB2IP protein Q5VWQ8 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 27858941 t miannu "DAB2IP suppresses transcription of stem cell factor receptor CD117, by interacting with GATA-1 on a silencer element on its gene" SIGNOR-254770 HTR7 protein P34969 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256926 FBN1 protein P35555 UNIPROT MMP1 protein P03956 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 16442122 f "Regulation of expression" miannu "In this study we show that a fibrillin-1 fragment containing a EGFEPG sequence that conforms to a putative GxxPG elastin-binding protein (EBP) consensus sequence upregulates the expression and production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 by up to ninefold in a cell culture system. Mutations in the gene for fibrillin-1 cause Marfan syndrome (MFS), a common hereditary disorder of connective tissue" SIGNOR-251887 cabazitaxel chemical CHEBI:63584 ChEBI Tubulin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF46 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 21770474 t miannu "Among these, larotaxel (XRP9881, formerly RPR109881A)[3,4] and cabazitaxel (XRP6258, TXD258, RPR116258A)[5] share a mechanism of action unique to taxanes, promoting tubulin assembly and stabilizing microtubules against cold-induced depolymerization" SIGNOR-259445 1-(1-naphthalenyl)piperazine chemical CHEBI:108599 ChEBI HTR2B protein P41595 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10036 BTO:0000452 9459568 t miannu "The data in Table 2 show the affinity of a number of compounds for the [3H]rauwolscine labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. All of the competition curves for these compounds yielded slope values that were near unity, i.e, they did not significantly fit a two-site binding model better than a one-site binding model. sured against [3H]rauwolscine (Fig. 4), as would be expected since antagonists typically do not discriminate between the agonist high- and low-affinity states. Note that the correlation line is about 0.25 log units from the line of identity, while still having a slope near unity. In fact many compounds, including haloperidol, m-CPP, rauwolscine, ritanserin, spiroxatrine, yohimbine and 1-NP displayed significantly higher affinity for the [3H]rauwolscine than for the [3H]5-HT labeled human 5-HT2B receptor. measured against [3H]5-HT versus the pKi when mea-" SIGNOR-258683 prednisone chemical CHEBI:8382 ChEBI NR3C1 protein P04150 UNIPROT up-regulates "chemical activation" 9606 3930339 t "ulcerative colitis" gcesareni SIGNOR-251702 DYRK3 protein O43781 UNIPROT NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1330 PAFGRVSsPPNAMMS 9606 BTO:0000578 31066068 t miannu "Mechanistically, Dyrk3 directly phosphorylated NCOA3 at Ser-1330, disrupting its binding to ATF4 and thereby causing the inhibition of ATF4 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-275451 NCOA3 protein Q9Y6Q9 UNIPROT ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000578 31066068 t miannu "Mechanistically, Dyrk3 directly phosphorylated NCOA3 at Ser-1330, disrupting its binding to ATF4 and thereby causing the inhibition of ATF4 transcriptional activity." SIGNOR-275452 ATF4 protein P18848 UNIPROT DYRK3 protein O43781 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000578 31066068 t miannu "Interestingly, the promoter activity of Dyrk3 was negatively regulated by ATF4, indicating a double-negative feedback loop." SIGNOR-275453 FRK protein P42685 UNIPROT BRCA1 protein P38398 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr1552 HDLTETSyLPRQDLE 9606 BTO:0003323 29156836 t miannu "Herein, we demonstrate that Fyn-related kinase (Frk)/Rak plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability, possibly in part through positively regulating BRCA1 protein stability and function via tyrosine phosphorylation on BRCA1 Tyr1552. Rak-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of BRCA1 is essential for its stability and function" SIGNOR-275454 FRK protein P42685 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr391 PFLNSGTyHSRDEST 9606 BTO:0002035 35723276 t miannu "Mechanistically, FRK interacted with and phosphorylated YAP on Tyr391/407/444, which recruited the classical E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 to catalyze ubiquitination and eventually degradation of YAP. " SIGNOR-275455 FRK protein P42685 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr407 SGLSMSSySVPRTPD 9606 BTO:0002035 35723276 t miannu "Mechanistically, FRK interacted with and phosphorylated YAP on Tyr391/407/444, which recruited the classical E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 to catalyze ubiquitination and eventually degradation of YAP. " SIGNOR-275456 FRK protein P42685 UNIPROT YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Tyr444 QQNRFPDyLEAIPGT 9606 BTO:0002035 35723276 t miannu "Mechanistically, FRK interacted with and phosphorylated YAP on Tyr391/407/444, which recruited the classical E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 to catalyze ubiquitination and eventually degradation of YAP. " SIGNOR-275457 EEF1A1 protein P68104 UNIPROT His-tRNA(His) smallmolecule CHEBI:29155 ChEBI up-regulates relocalization 9606 23699257 t lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269511 CSNK1G3 protein Q9Y6M4 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser13 SKGKDSLsDDGVDLK 9606 BTO:0000007 33004926 t miannu "Although there have been more than 40 reports of mass spectrometric studies on phosphorylation at Lyn-S13, the kinase responsible remained unclear. We succeeded in identifying casein kinase 1γ (CK1γ) as the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of Lyn-S13. In HEK293 cells co-expressing Lyn and CK1γ, the phosphorylation level of Lyn-S13 increased significantly. we concluded that S-palmitoylated CK1γ encounters N-myristoylated Lyn and specifically phosphorylates the Ser-13 residue at the Golgi during intracellular protein traffic, as shown schematically in Fig. 8. Phosphorylated dual-lipid-modified Lyn and S-palmitoylated CK1γ are then transported from the Golgi to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-275395 CSNK1G1 protein Q9HCP0 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser13 SKGKDSLsDDGVDLK 9606 BTO:0000007 33004926 t miannu "Although there have been more than 40 reports of mass spectrometric studies on phosphorylation at Lyn-S13, the kinase responsible remained unclear. We succeeded in identifying casein kinase 1γ (CK1γ) as the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of Lyn-S13. In HEK293 cells co-expressing Lyn and CK1γ, the phosphorylation level of Lyn-S13 increased significantly. we concluded that S-palmitoylated CK1γ encounters N-myristoylated Lyn and specifically phosphorylates the Ser-13 residue at the Golgi during intracellular protein traffic, as shown schematically in Fig. 8. Phosphorylated dual-lipid-modified Lyn and S-palmitoylated CK1γ are then transported from the Golgi to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-275396 CSNK1G2 protein P78368 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Ser13 SKGKDSLsDDGVDLK 9606 BTO:0000007 33004926 t miannu "Although there have been more than 40 reports of mass spectrometric studies on phosphorylation at Lyn-S13, the kinase responsible remained unclear. We succeeded in identifying casein kinase 1γ (CK1γ) as the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of Lyn-S13. In HEK293 cells co-expressing Lyn and CK1γ, the phosphorylation level of Lyn-S13 increased significantly. we concluded that S-palmitoylated CK1γ encounters N-myristoylated Lyn and specifically phosphorylates the Ser-13 residue at the Golgi during intracellular protein traffic, as shown schematically in Fig. 8. Phosphorylated dual-lipid-modified Lyn and S-palmitoylated CK1γ are then transported from the Golgi to the plasma membrane." SIGNOR-275397 FRK protein P42685 UNIPROT PTEN protein P60484 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" phosphorylation Tyr336 NKDKANRyFSPNFKV 9606 BTO:0000093 19345329 t miannu "Rak phosphorylates PTEN on Tyr 336 to prevent its protein degradation. In this study, we demonstrate that the Rak tyrosine kinase physically interacts with PTEN and phosphorylates PTEN on Tyr336. Knockdown of Rak enhanced the binding of PTEN to its E3 ligase NEDD4-1 and promoted PTEN polyubiquitination, leading to PTEN protein degradation. " SIGNOR-275458 TNFRSF6B protein O95407 UNIPROT TNFSF15 protein O95150 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000782 11911831 t amattioni "Tl1a, is a ligand for dr3 and decoy receptor tr6/dcr3. Tr6-fc protein antagonizes nf-kappab activation and apoptosis induced by tl1a" SIGNOR-116256 PIK3C2A protein O00443 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 9430633 f gcesareni "Activation of pi 3-kinase causes plc gamma ph domain-mediated membrane targeting and plc gamma activation." SIGNOR-54707 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser616 PIPIMPAsPQKGHAV 9606 BTO:0000007 25658205 t Barakat "Here, we show that expression of oncogenic Ras or direct activation of the MAPK pathway leads to increased mitochondrial fragmentation and that blocking this phenotype, through knockdown of the mitochondrial fission-mediating GTPase Drp1, inhibits tumor growth. This fission is driven by Erk2-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 on Serine 616, and both this phosphorylation and mitochondrial fragmentation are increased in human pancreatic cancer." SIGNOR-275407 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI PPARA protein Q07869 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 16326050 t miannu "Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and mono-n-butyl phthalate activation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors alpha and gamma in breast" SIGNOR-268749 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR LTC4S protein Q16873 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001433 12574384 f miannu "activation of NF-kappaB and p50/p65 overexpression down-regulated the LTC(4) synthase gene. LPS down-regulates cysteinyl LT release and LTC(4) synthase gene expression in mononuclear phagocytes by an NF-kappaB-mediated mechanism." SIGNOR-254799 DCAF15 protein Q66K64 UNIPROT RBM39 protein Q14498 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001109 31819272 t miannu "Indisulam promotes an interaction between RBM39 and the DCAF15 E3 ligase substrate receptor, leading to RBM39 ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-272203 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR CCND2 protein P30279 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002268 22323446 t miannu "F-box protein FBXL2 targets cyclin D2 for ubiquitination and degradation to inhibit leukemic cell proliferation. Purified SCF complex components were incubated with V5-cyclin D2 and the full complement of ubiquitination reaction components (second lane from left) showing polyubiquitinated cyclin D2." SIGNOR-272007 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT DAXX protein Q9UER7 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser739 EIIVLSDsD 9606 21474068 t lperfetto "Daxx-sim is phosphorylated by ck2 kinase at residues s737 and s739. Phosphorylation promotes daxx-sim binding affinity toward sumo-1 over sumo-2/3, causing daxx preference for sumo-1 conjugation and interaction with sumo-1-modified factors." SIGNOR-173109 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT CD5 protein P06127 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr436 FHRNHTAtVRSHAEN 9606 11123317 t amattioni "Cd5 is a good pkc substrate. Phosphorylation of cd5 is necessary for cd5-mediated lipid second messenger generation." SIGNOR-85179 MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT Myotube_hypertrophy phenotype SIGNOR-PH20 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103;BTO:0001760 22179044 f gcesareni "In differentiated myofibres, we observed that wnt7a binding to fzd7 directly activates the akt/mtor growth pathway, thereby inducing myofibre hypertrophy." SIGNOR-191564 PDCD1 protein Q15116 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000782 16227604 f Barakat "Akt phosphorylation in cells stimulated by CD3/CD28/CTLA-4 or CD3/CD28/PD-1 aAPCs did not have detectable phosphorylated Akt at any time point, indicating that CTLA-4 and PD-1 signaling blocked rather than delayed Akt activation." SIGNOR-275408 CTLA4 protein P16410 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR "down-regulates activity" 9606 BTO:0000782 16227604 f Barakat "Akt phosphorylation in cells stimulated by CD3/CD28/CTLA-4 or CD3/CD28/PD-1 aAPCs did not have detectable phosphorylated Akt at any time point, indicating that CTLA-4 and PD-1 signaling blocked rather than delayed Akt activation." SIGNOR-275409 "hexadecanoic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:15756 ChEBI FFAR1 protein O14842 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257488 RXRB protein P28702 UNIPROT NR2F2 protein P24468 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 10900149 t gcesareni "Arp-1/rxr, coup-tfi/rxr, and arp-1/coup-tfi heterodimers bound the fp330-3' site." SIGNOR-79452 ZNF76 protein P36508 UNIPROT TCP1 protein P17987 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 10893243 t Luana "The transcription from the minimalCcta promoter was up-regulated 3-fold by ZNF143 and 6-fold by ZNF76 when full-length proteins were co-expressed, indicating that both ZNF143 and ZNF76 can enhance Ccta transcription." SIGNOR-266221 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT MCM2 protein P49736 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 ESFTMASsPAQRRRG 9606 16446360 t gcesareni "In this work, by in vitro kinase reactions and mass spectrometry analysis of the products, we have mapped phosphorylation sites in the n terminus of mcm2 by cdc7, cdk2, cdk1, and ck2" SIGNOR-144000 DEPDC5 protein O75140 UNIPROT GATOR1 complex SIGNOR-C192 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23723238 t miannu "Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags and is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Inhibition of GATOR1 subunits (DEPDC5, Nprl2, and Nprl3) makes mTORC1 signaling resistant to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits (Mios, WDR24, WDR59, Seh1L, Sec13) suppresses mTORC1 signaling and epistasis analysis shows that GATOR2 negatively regulates DEPDC5" SIGNOR-255280 HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr3 T-->R 9606 20705812 t miannu "Here we show that phosphorylation of histone H3 threonine 3 (H3T3ph) by Haspin is necessary for CPC accumulation at centromeres and that the CPC subunit Survivin binds directly to H3T3ph." SIGNOR-275418 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr128 RPPQKCStPCGPLRL 9606 BTO:0000567 24413556 t miannu "Phosphorylation by Cyclin B-Cdk1 allows Haspin to bind Plk1-PBD. Phosphorylation of Haspin at T128 and Plk1 target sites is required for full H3T3ph generation and normal Aurora B localization in mitosis." SIGNOR-275419 HASPIN protein Q8TF76 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24413556 t miannu "Phosphorylation by Cyclin B-Cdk1 allows Haspin to bind Plk1-PBD. Phosphorylation of Haspin at T128 and Plk1 target sites is required for full H3T3ph generation and normal Aurora B localization in mitosis." SIGNOR-275420 PINK1 protein Q9BXM7 UNIPROT ZNF746 protein Q6NUN9 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser322 QATRFFPsPAQEGAW 9606 BTO:0000793 28122242 t miannu "PINK1 is required for Parkin ubiquitination and degradation of PARIS. PINK1 interacts with and phosphorylates serines 322 and 613 of PARIS to control its ubiquitination and clearance by parkin." SIGNOR-273724 JNK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF15 SIGNOR IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser312 TESITATsPASMVGG 10116 BTO:0004428 12510059 t lperfetto "Modulation of insulin-stimulated degradation of human insulin receptor substrate-1 by Serine 312 phosphorylationOne of the specific Ser phosphorylation sites in IRS-1 that has been proposed to negatively modulate the insulin signal is Ser312 (numbered according to the human sequence). Prior studies have demonstrated that IRS-1 associates with and is phosphorylated by JNK in vitro on Ser312" SIGNOR-235777 NFKB1 protein P19838 UNIPROT BMP4 protein P12644 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000018 17350185 t Luana " The effect of TNF-alpha on the Bmp4 promoter is mediated through NF-kB." SIGNOR-266086 EIF4E protein P06730 UNIPROT MTFP1 protein Q9UDX5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "translation regulation" 10090 BTO:0002572 28918902 t Barakat "In this study, we demonstrate that mTORC1 stimulates mitochondrial fission via 4E-BP-mediated translational regulation of the mitochondrial fission factor MTFP1. Suppression of mTORC1 activity by pharmacological or genetic means causes mitochondrial hyperfusion, branching, and circularization. This is a consequence of downregulation of MTFP1 levels via the mTORC1/4E-BP pathway, thereby eliciting changes in phosphorylation and localization of the mitochondrial fission factor DRP1" SIGNOR-275429 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT CDH1 protein P12830 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Thr40 DAESYTFtVPRRHLE 23972993 t "For phosphorylated residues see Figure 7" lperfetto "Priming phosphorylation of Cdh1 by the Cdk2/cyclin A kinase complex allows Plk1 to bind to Cdh1 and phosphorylate Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146. Phosphorylation of Cdh1 at Ser138 and Ser146 then triggers its interaction with, and subsequent ubiquitination by, SCFbeta-TRCP" SIGNOR-274050 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT TRIB2 protein Q92519 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0002181 24089522 t miannu " In this study, we found that TRIB2 was up-regulated and exhibited high stability in liver cancer cells compared with other cells. We performed a structure-function analysis of TRIB2 and identified a domain (amino acids 1-5) at the N terminus that interacted with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 and was critical for protein stability. Deletion of this domain extended TRIB2 half-life time accompanied with a more significant malignant property compared with wild type TRIB2." SIGNOR-275432 MDGA2 protein Q7Z553 UNIPROT DMAP1 protein Q9NPF5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" binding 9606 26206665 t miannu "The anti-tumorigenic effect of MDGA2 was mediated through direct stabilising of DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1 (DMAP1), which played a tumour suppressive role in gastric cancer. MDGA2 expression and MG132 treatment increased the level of DMAP1, suggesting that the MDGA2–DMAP1 interaction stabilises DMAP1 by inhibiting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation." SIGNOR-264240 ASB11 protein Q8WXH4 UNIPROT RPN1 protein P04843 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 24337577 t miannu "We also demonstrated that ASB11 is a novel endoplasmic reticulum-associated ubiquitin ligase with the ability to interact and promote the ubiquitination of Ribophorin 1, an integral protein of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) glycosylation complex. Moreover, expression of ASB11 can increase Ribophorin 1 protein turnover in vivo. " SIGNOR-272057 "Host translation inhibitor nsp1" protein P0DTD1-PRO_0000449619 UNIPROT RPS2 protein P15880 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 33188728 t miannu "Nsp1 Locks the 40S in a Conformation Incompatible with mRNA Loading and Disrupts Initiation Factor Binding. Molecular interactions between C-Nsp1 and 40S ribosome components, including uS3, h18, and uS5." SIGNOR-262508 MAP1LC3A protein Q9H492 UNIPROT ATG3 protein Q9NT62 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22170151 t gcesareni "Lc3-i is activated by the same atg7 involved in atg12 conjugation, transferred to atg3, a second e2-like enzyme, and finally conjugated to pe." SIGNOR-191543 DYRK2 protein Q92630 UNIPROT SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser68 GGGAGPVsPQHHELT 9606 22878263 t llicata "In the present study, we identify the serine/threonine kinase dyrk2 as siah2 interaction partner that phosphorylates siah2 at five residues (ser16, thr26, ser28, ser68, and thr119). accordingly, phosphorylated siah2 is more active than the wild-type e3 ligase and shows an increased ability to trigger the hif-1?-Mediated transcriptional response and angiogenesis." SIGNOR-198729 FAM83E protein Q2M2I3 UNIPROT CSNK1E protein P49674 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 29789297 t miannu "We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A–H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, -B, -E, and -H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. The intrinsic catalytic activity of CK1 is not affected by or required for the association of CK1 with FAM83 proteins. Our findings imply that the DUF1669 domains of FAM83 proteins anchor CK1 α, α-like, δ, and ε isoforms in specific subcellular compartments and potentially mediate their association with substrates." SIGNOR-273763 MTFP1 protein Q9UDX5 UNIPROT DNM1L protein O00429 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10090 BTO:0002572 28918902 f Barakat "Regardless of the precise mechanism, our data establish MTFP1 as an essential regulator of mitochondrial fission through the modulation of DRP1 phosphorylation and recruitment to the mitochondrion." SIGNOR-275449 SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT PAX8 protein Q06710 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 14623893 t miannu "DNA Binding Activity of Pax8 to the NIS Promoter Is Reduced by Smad3. TGF-β decreases Pax8 DNA binding to the NIS promoter and also found a physical interaction between Pax8 and Smad3." SIGNOR-251992 DNAJC3 protein Q13217 UNIPROT EIF2AK3 protein Q9NZJ5 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 25329545 t gcesareni "The protein p58IPK {also known asDnaJ3C [DnaJ heat-shock protein (hsp) 40 homologue, subfamily C, member 3]} is known to inhibit the eIF2 kinases PKR (dsRNA-dependent protein kinase/eIF2 kinase 2) and PERK" SIGNOR-246201 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CDKN1A protein P38936 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" phosphorylation Ser130 SGEQAEGsPGGPGDS 9606 19364816 t gcesareni "Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2-dependent phosphorylation induces cytoplasmic localization and degradation of p21cip1.|Phosphopeptide analysis of in vitro ERK2-phosphorylated p21(Cip1) revealed two phosphorylation sites, Thr57 and Ser130." SIGNOR-244618 GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT FCER1A protein P12319 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000732 11971001 f "Transcriptional regulation of the gene-encoding human Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain was analyzed in detail. EMSA revealed that either YY1 or PU.1 bound to the region close to that recognized by Elf-1. The alpha-chain promoter activity was up-regulated approximately 2-fold by exogenously expressed YY1 or PU.1 and approximately 7-fold by GATA-1, respectively, in KU812 cells" SIGNOR-254288 ANK1 protein P16157 UNIPROT SLN protein O00631 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 28487373 t lperfetto "These results suggest that sAnk1 interacts with SLN both directly and in complex with SERCA1 and reduces SLN's inhibitory effect on SERCA1 activity." SIGNOR-265930 NDUFB9 protein Q9Y6M9 UNIPROT "Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I" complex SIGNOR-C277 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 30030361 t lperfetto "Thus, we now know the complete mammalian cI structure [22,23] and how the subunits are organized in six modules (N, Q, ND1, ND2, ND4 and ND5)|The ND5-module corresponds to the distal part of the membrane arm and it is composed of MT-ND5, NDUFB2, NDUFB3, NDUFB7, NDUFB8, NDUFB9 and NDUFAB1" SIGNOR-262172 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CEP55 protein Q53EZ4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser425 NREKVAAsPKSPTAA 9606 16198290 t lperfetto "Upon mitotic entry, centrosome dissociation of cep55 is triggered by erk2/cdk1-dependent phosphorylation at s425 and s428. S425/428 phosphorylation is required for interaction with plk1, enabling phosphorylation of cep55 at s436. enabling it to relocate to the midbody to function in mitotic exit and cytokinesis." SIGNOR-140882 PTPN13 protein Q12923 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT down-regulates dephosphorylation Tyr1189 RDIYETDyYRKGGKG 9606 15611135 t gcesareni "We demonstrate that ptpl1, like ptp1b, interacts with and dephosphorylates a bis-phosphorylated insulin receptor peptide more efficiently than monophosphorylated peptides, indicating that ptpl1 may down-regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, by dephosphorylating insulin or growth factor receptors that contain tandem phosphotyrosines." SIGNOR-132555 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT LCK protein P06239 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser59 EGSNPPAsPLQDNLV 9606 BTO:0000567 8618896 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation at Ser-59 (or alternatively, its mutation to Glu) reverses the inhibition and allows interaction of the p56lck SH2 domain with p62.|phosphotyrosine-independent binding of p62 to the p56lck SH2 domain appears to provide an alternative pathway for p56lck signaling that is regulated by Ser-59 phosphorylation." SIGNOR-249469 RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 22898666 t gcesareni "Raf1 binding to mst2 sarah domain interdicts mst2 homodimerization and autoactivation, and recruits protein phosphates 2a thereby promoting mst2 inactivation." SIGNOR-191843 LPAR1 protein Q92633 UNIPROT GNAQ protein P50148 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 20331961 t gcesareni "The receptor, now called lpa1, is a gpcr that couples to heterotrimeric g proteins (gi, gq, g12/13alpha subunits)" SIGNOR-164682 N-(2-(4-(7-Methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide chemical CID:131907 PUBCHEM HTR1A protein P08908 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9760039 t miannu "A range of serotonergic agonists and partial agonists were tested for their capacity to stimulate 5-HT1A receptor mediated GTPg binding in CHO-h5-HT1A membranes. The methoxynaphtylpiperazine ligand, S 14671,was the most potent agonist tested, with virtually full agonist activity, relative to 5-HT Table 1; Fig. 2C consistent with its exceptionally potent and efficacious actions in in vivo functional paradigms. Its analogue, S 14506 was also a highly potent and efficacious ligand (Emax90%) in agreement with previous in vivo studies ( Schreiber et al., 1994 ). (+)UH 301 exhibited partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors" SIGNOR-258866 SOX17 protein Q9H6I2 UNIPROT SOX17/POU5F1 complex SIGNOR-C451 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 23474895 t SimoneGraziosi "Oct4 switches partnering from Sox2 to Sox17 to reinterpret the enhancer code and specify endoderm|We show that Sox17 partners with Oct4 and binds to a unique ‘compressed' Sox/Oct motif that earmarks endodermal genes. This is in contrast to the pluripotent state where Oct4 selectively partners with Sox2 at ‘canonical' binding sites." SIGNOR-269220 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr179 PQSNIPEtPPPGYLS 9606 19114991 t lpetrilli "In the nucleus cdk2/4-mediated phosphorylation of smad3 occurs mostly at thr8, thr179, and ser213. Cdk-dependent phosphorylation of smad3 inhibits its transcriptional activity" SIGNOR-182971 HOTAIR ncrna URS000075C808_9606 RNAcentral DZIP3 protein Q86Y13 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 24326307 t miannu "HOTAIR associates with E3 ubiquitin ligases bearing RNA-binding domains, Dzip3 and Mex3b, as well as with their respective ubiquitination substrates, Ataxin-1 and Snurportin-1. In this manner, HOTAIR facilitates the ubiquitination of Ataxin-1 by Dzip3 and Snurportin-1 by Mex3b in cells and in vitro, and accelerates their degradation." SIGNOR-272091 KAT5 protein Q92993 UNIPROT NOTCH1 protein P46531 UNIPROT down-regulates acetylation Lys2054 LLKNGANkDMQNNRE 9606 17636029 t gcesareni "This result implies that the residues k2019, k2039, k2044, and k2068 of notch1-ic are the major targets of the acetyltransferase activity of tip60." SIGNOR-156919 CNKSR1 protein Q969H4 UNIPROT RAF1 protein P04049 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 15845549 t gcesareni "Here we demonstrate that the connector enhancer of ksr1, cnk1, mediates src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of raf-1. Cnk1 binds preactivated raf-1 and activated src and forms a trimeric complex." SIGNOR-135674 PRKCB protein P05771 UNIPROT ITGB2 protein P05107 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Thr758 NPLFKSAtTTVMNPK 9606 11700305 t lperfetto "Here, we identify catalytic domain fragments of protein kinase C (PKC) delta and PKCbetaI/II as the major protein kinases in leukocyte extracts that phosphorylate a peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin CD18 chain. The sites phosphorylated in vitro were identified as Ser-745 and Thr-758. PKCalpha and PKCeta also phosphorylated these residues, and PKCalpha additionally phosphorylated Thr-760. Ser-745, a novel site, was shown to become phosphorylated in T cells in response to phorbol ester stimulation. |" SIGNOR-249122 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT RAB1A protein P62820 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000567 1902553 t Giulio "We now present biochemical evidence for a mitosis-specific p34cdc2 phosphorylation of RablAp and Rab4p.We also show that the distribution of RablAp and Rab4p between cytosolic and membrane-bound forms is different in interphase and mitotic cells." SIGNOR-261284 FOS protein P01100 UNIPROT AP1 complex SIGNOR-C154 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 2467839 t irozzo "The protein products of the fos (Fos) and jun (Jun) proto-oncogenes have been shown to associate with a DNA element known as the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding site. Jun (previously known as the Fos-binding protein p39) and Fos form a protein complex in the nucleus. These data demonstrate a cooperative interaction between the protein products of two proto-oncogenes with a DNA element involved in transcriptional regulation." SIGNOR-256362 SUGT1 protein Q9Y2Z0 UNIPROT "Ndc80 complex" complex SIGNOR-C361 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000567 22869522 t lperfetto "Here we identify Sgt1, a cochaperone for Hsp90, as a novel Plk1 substrate during mitosis|This phosphorylation event enhances the association of the Hsp90-Sgt1 chaperone with the MIS12 complex to stabilize this complex at the kinetochores and thus coordinates the recruitment of the NDC80 complex to form efficient microtubule-binding sites." SIGNOR-265224 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT up-regulates "transcriptional regulation" BTO:0001103 20219869 f "Once in the nucleus, NF-kB can induce the transcription of iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1, which may then promote further NF-kB activation, as well as elevate the expression of other inflammatory mediators such as CCL2 and IL-6." SIGNOR-256250 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR NFATC4 protein Q14934 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 15657420 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "The formation of rsk-nfatc4-dna transcription complex is also apparent upon adipogenesis. Bound rsk phosphorylates ser(676) and potentiates nfatc4 dna binding by escalating nfat-dna association. Ser(676) is also targeted by the erk map kinase, which interacts with nfat at a distinct region than rsk. Thus, integration of the erk/rsk signaling pathway provides a mechanism to modulate nfatc4 transcription activity." SIGNOR-270160 CDK5 protein Q00535 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr498 KTPPAPKtPPSSGEP 9606 BTO:0000590 12387894 t lperfetto "We found that cdk5 phosphorylated tau(441) at Thr-181, Ser-199, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-212, Ser-214, Thr-217, Thr-231, Ser-235, Ser-396, and Ser-404, but not at Ser-262, Ser-400, Thr-403, Ser-409, Ser-413, or Ser-422. GSK-3beta phosphorylated all the cdk5-catalyzed sites above except Ser-235." SIGNOR-249326 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT RACK1 protein P63244 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr246 LCFSPNRyWLCAATG 9606 12400005 t gcesareni "We found that rack1 is a src substrate. Moreover, src activity is necessary for both the tyrosine phosphorylation of rack1 and the binding of rack1 to src's sh2 domain that occur following pkc activation. To identify the tyrosine(s) on rack1 that is phosphorylated by src, we generated and tested a series of rack1 mutants. We found that src phosphorylates rack1 on tyr 228 and/or tyr 246" SIGNOR-94800 CASP6 protein P55212 UNIPROT "Caspase 6 complex" complex SIGNOR-C228 SIGNOR "form complex" binding cleavage:Asp193 DTNITEVdAASVYTL 21621544 t lperfetto "It is generally recognized that effector caspases undergo proteolytic cleavage of the inactive zymogen at a specific aspartate residue, resulting in a large N-terminal p20 polypeptide chain and a small C-terminal p10 polypeptide chain, leading to a p202/p102 tetramer." SIGNOR-256392 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT TPR protein P12270 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr2116 VGRGLQLtPGIGGMQ 9606 18794356 t miannu "Tpr is phosphorylated by erk2 at four different sites. / because phosphorylation of tpr by activated erk stabilizes their interaction, we hypothesize that this phosphorylation is not part of a signal amplification cascade but rather positions activated erk to perform a continuing function in the nuclear pore." SIGNOR-181018 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CFTR protein P13569 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser795 TASTRKVsLAPQANL 9606 1716180 t lperfetto "Cftr, the protein associated with cystic fibrosis, is phosphorylated on serine residues in response to camp agonists. Serines 660, 737, 795, and 813 were identified as in vivo targets for phosphorylation by protein kinase a.mutagenesis of all four sites abolished the response." SIGNOR-21320 "Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1" complex SIGNOR-C529 SIGNOR EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" binding 10090 BTO:0000165 18354498 t miannu "Mediation of eIF3-f polyubiquitination by the SCFMAFbx. The association of MAFbx with the essential Skp1, Roc 1 and Cul1 proteins, specific components of an E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase (SCFMAFbx), was previously described. Here, we present evidence that during muscle atrophy MAFbx targets the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit 5 (eIF3-f) for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-271767 "2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:62877 ChEBI "D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(2-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:59776 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 25229427 t miannu "Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.4), which converts 2-deoxy-d-ribose-5-phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetaldehyde, belongs to the core metabolism of living organisms. his study provides the first experimental evidence that DERA, which is mainly expressed in lung, liver and colon, is the human deoxyribose phosphate aldolase." SIGNOR-267096 HTATSF1 protein O43719 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270652 PIK3AP1 protein Q6ZUJ8 UNIPROT PIK3CG protein P48736 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000801 22187458 t gcesareni "This accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated bcap at the membrane with its associated pi3k would then allow for the catalysis of ptd ins p2 to ptd ins p3 and downstream pi3k-dependent signals. Therefore, bcap is an essential activator of the pi3k pathway downstream of tlr signaling, providing a brake to limit potentially pathogenic excessive tlr responses." SIGNOR-191670 ATG7 protein O95352 UNIPROT MAP1LC3B protein Q9GZQ8 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 22170151 t gcesareni "These results indicated that the fap motif of atg7 is indispensable for formation of the atg3-lc3 e2-substrate intermediate through the interaction of atg7 with atg3." SIGNOR-195239 UXT protein Q9UBK9 UNIPROT "URI1 prefoldin co-chaperone" complex SIGNOR-C514 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30484151 t miannu "In humans, the R2TP complex consists of orthologous proteins named RUVBL1, RUVBL2, RPAP3, and PIH1D1  and the PFDL module is composed of two α (UXT and URI1) and four β subunits (PFDN2, PFDN6, PDRG1, and one of them likely duplicated) as well as two additional members, the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2E/RPB5, and WDR93" SIGNOR-270916 GNGT1 protein P63211 UNIPROT PLCG1 protein P19174 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 23074268 t gcesareni "Furthermore, this work suggested that the gbetagamma subunits released upon gi activation activated phospholipase c-gamma (plc-gamma) to produce inositol 3 phosphate (ip3) which would subsequently increase intracellular ca2+ abundance." SIGNOR-199144 "8-Hydroxy-7-(6-sulfo-naphthalen-2-ylazo)-quinoline-5-sulfonic acid" chemical CID:92577 PUBCHEM PTPN11 protein Q06124 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 19233143 t lperfetto "In this study, we screened protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) by in vitro phosphatase assays to identify PTPs that are inhibited by 8-hydroxy-7-(6-sulfonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl-quinoline-5-sulfonic acid (NSC-87877), a potent inhibitor of SHP-1 and SHP-2 PTPs." SIGNOR-261977 LTK protein P29376 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 9223670 t gcesareni "Recently, we demonstrated that ltk utilizes shc and irs-1 as two major substrates and while both equally activate the ras pathway, only irs-1 suppresses apoptosis of hematopoietic cells." SIGNOR-49531 PPARGC1A protein Q9UBK2 UNIPROT OTC protein P00480 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000599 16891307 f miannu "Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate." SIGNOR-255056 "CENP-A nucleosome" complex SIGNOR-C321 SIGNOR Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 20566683 f miannu "Centromeres contain specialized nucleosomes in which histone H3 is replaced by the histone variant centromere protein A (CENP-A). CENP-A nucleosomes are thought to act as an epigenetic mark that specifies centromere identity." SIGNOR-263703 LRIG1 protein Q96JA1 UNIPROT ERBB4 protein Q15303 UNIPROT down-regulates ubiquitination 9606 16123311 t gcesareni "We report upregulation of lrig1 transcript and protein upon egf stimulation, and physical association of the encoded protein with the four egfr orthologs of mammals. Upregulation of lrig1 is followed by enhanced ubiquitylation and degradation of egfr. The underlying mechanism involves recruitment of c-cbl, an e3 ubiquitin ligase that simultaneously ubiquitylates egfr and lrig1 and sorts them for degradation." SIGNOR-139954 Met-tRNA(Met) chemical CHEBI:16635 ChEBI Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex complex SIGNOR-C452 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 32955564 t lperfetto "In eukaryotes, translation initiation generally occurs by a cap-dependent scanning mechanism, wherein the small (40S) subunit of the ribosome recruits methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) in a ternary complex (TC) with GTP-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), in a reaction stimulated by factors eIF1, eIF1A and eIF3." SIGNOR-269117 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT SYN3 protein O14994 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser470 PQGQQPLsPQSGSPQ 9606 14732590 t lperfetto "A rare, missense polymorphism, s470n, was identified in the synapsin iii gene and appeared more frequently in individuals with schizophrenia than in controls. Ser470, was determined to be a substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase, a downstream effector of neurotrophin action." SIGNOR-121398 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IKZF1 protein Q13422 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser13 GQDMSQVsGKESPPV 9606 BTO:0001271 21750978 t miannu "We identified four novelikarosphosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated by ck2 kinase. / ck2-mediated phosphorylation inhibits ikaros' localization to pc-hc / hyperphosphorylation of ikaros promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway / these results suggest that ck2 kinase directly phosphorylates amino acids 13, 23, 63, 101 and 294 in vivo" SIGNOR-174824 TARDBP protein Q13148 UNIPROT GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004170 PMC7642658 t lperfetto "Importantly, we found that TDP-43 protein could interact with GSK3β mRNA and regulate the level of GSK3β protein translation. Taken together, our findings suggest that TDP-43 may activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting the inhibition of GSK3β protein translation|TDP-43 activates Wnt/β-catenin pathway probably by inhibiting the GSK3β protein translation. A. Interaction between TDP-43 protein and GSK3β mRNA was analyzed using RIP assay." SIGNOR-262113 CNR1 protein P21554 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257211 4-methyl-3-[[1-methyl-6-(3-pyridinyl)-4-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide chemical CHEBI:91447 ChEBI SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194925 FOXO3 protein O43524 UNIPROT FBXO32 protein Q969P5 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 15109499 f lperfetto "Moreover, constitutively active Foxo3 acts on the atrogin-1 promoter to cause atrogin-1 transcription and dramatic atrophy of myotubes and muscle fibers." SIGNOR-232174 PRTN3 protein P24158 UNIPROT F2RL1 protein P55085 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" cleavage Thr74 SVLTGKLtTVFLPIV -1 10978167 t lperfetto "PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3" SIGNOR-263596 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT FGFR1 protein P11362 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser777 SMPLDQYsPSFPDTR 9606 23405013 t lperfetto "Erk-mediated phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 on ser777 inhibits signaling" SIGNOR-200880 471905-41-6 chemical CID:9803433 PUBCHEM APP protein P05067 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-194358 PTAFR protein P25105 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257061 methoxamine chemical CHEBI:6839 ChEBI ADRA1B protein P35368 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 7651358 t miannu "Membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with the cloned human a1-AR genes showed saturable binding of [‘251]HEAT; Bm,,ı values were 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± 0.1 pmol/mg of protein, with Kd values of 110 ± 21, 60 ± 1, and 300 ± 26 ıM (three experiments each), for the ala-, alb-, and ald-ARS, respectively. The potencies of a1-AR agonists and antagonists at the cloned human a1-ARs are shown in Table 1." SIGNOR-258447 CSNK1G1 protein Q9HCP0 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser322 PRTSSNAsTISGRLS -1 11980723 t llicata "Phosphorylation of Ser319 forms a consensus sequence for phosphorylation by CK1, allowing it to phosphorylate Ser322, which in turn primes the CK1-catalysed phosphorylation of Ser325 | Multisite phosphorylation of the region containing Ser319, Ser322, Ser325 and Ser329 provides a signal for the nuclear exclusion of FKHR" SIGNOR-250822 CDK7 protein P50613 UNIPROT CDK4 protein P11802 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Thr172 YSYQMALtPVVVTLW 9606 8139570 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of cdk4 on threonine 172 by a cdk-activating kinase (cak). therefore, formation of the cyclin d-cdk4 complex and phosphorylation of the bound catalytic subunit are independently regulated, and in addition to the requirement for cak activity, serum stimulation is required to promote assembly of the complexes in mammalian cells." SIGNOR-36549 COP1 protein Q8NHY2 UNIPROT MTA1 protein Q13330 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9606 BTO:0001938 19805145 t miannu "Here we report that MTA1 is an ubiquitinated protein and targeted by the RING-finger E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway." SIGNOR-271891 ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT FZD2 protein Q14332 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 BTO:0000007 22575959 t gcesareni "Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6" SIGNOR-197414 RRM2 protein P31350 UNIPROT "Ribonucleotide reductase" complex SIGNOR-C233 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14583450 t miannu "Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is responsible for the de novo conversion of the ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, which are essential for DNA synthesis and repair.RR consists of two subunits, hRRM1 and hRRM2." SIGNOR-259364 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT TRPM4 protein Q8TD43 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1152 SERLKRTsQKVDLAL 9606 15590641 t gcesareni "Phorbol ester-induced activation of protein kinase c (pkc) increased the ca(2+) sensitivity of wild-type trpm4 but not of two mutants mutated at putative pkc phosphorylation sites." SIGNOR-132247 FBP2 protein O00757 UNIPROT "β-D-fructose 6-phosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:57634 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 30616754 t lperfetto "FBPase converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) and inorganic phosphate in the second rate-limiting reaction of gluconeogenesis.|FBP1 is ubiquitously present in tissues and is the key gluconeogenic enzyme in the liver and kidney, while FBP2 is restricted to the muscle" SIGNOR-267613 SF3a complex SIGNOR-C345 SIGNOR Spliceosomal_snRNP_assembly phenotype SIGNOR-PH79 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 8349644 f miannu "Components required for the splicing of nuclear messenger RNA precursors in vitro have been isolated from HeLa cells. Here we describe the separation of splicing factor SF3 into two components, SF3a and SF3b. SF3a has been purified to homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and glycerol gradient sedimentation. It consists of a complex of three polypeptides of 60, 66, and 120 kDa." SIGNOR-263950 NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT NTRK1 protein P04629 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr680 RDIYSTDyYRVGGRT 9606 9099755 t gcesareni "In vitro studies indicate that trka autophosphorylates at tyrosines 490, 670, 674, 675, and 785" SIGNOR-47175 BTRC protein Q9Y297 UNIPROT GLI2 protein P10070 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 10090 BTO:0002572 16611981 t "The interaction between BTRC and Gli2 occur whne Gli2 is phosphorilated." lperfetto "The phosphorylated gli2 protein interacts with beta-trcp, and is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome" SIGNOR-146109 SMAD1/4 complex SIGNOR-C85 SIGNOR PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0004058 12589053 f lperfetto "Overexpression of Smad6, a natural antagonist for Smad1, blocked PPARgamma expression and adipocytic differentiation induced by BMP2" SIGNOR-236233 RTKs proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF38 SIGNOR GRB2 protein P62993 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17306385 t miannu "The adaptor protein Grb2 can bind with activated RTKs through an SH2 domain-phosphotyrosine interaction, while through the SH3 domain (a binding domain specific to proline-rich sequences) Grb2 interacts with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Sos." SIGNOR-256167 TUBB protein P07437 UNIPROT SMAD3 protein P84022 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 17429065 t lperfetto "Smad2/3 also binds to _-tubulin, which provides a negative regulatory mechanism controlling tgf-_ activity. the results showed that the mh2 domain of smad2 binds to _-tubulin with almost the same efficiency as the full-length (wild-type) smad2. Similar results were obtained for the smad3 binding to _-tubulin." SIGNOR-232113 WDFY3 protein Q8IZQ1 UNIPROT Autophagy phenotype SIGNOR-PH31 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 22653340 f miannu "ALFY is a large, scaffolding, multidomain protein implicated in the selective degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy." SIGNOR-266794 GSK3A protein P49840 UNIPROT SFPQ protein P23246 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr687 PRGMGPGtPAGYGRG 9606 20932480 t miannu "Here we demonstrate that in resting tcells psf is directly phosphorylated by gsk3, thus promoting interaction of psf with trap150, which prevents psf from binding cd45 pre-mrna. Upon tcell activation, reduced gsk3 activity leads to reduced psf phosphorylation, releasing psf from trap150 and allowing it to bind cd45 splicing regulatory elements and repress exon inclusion." SIGNOR-168382 AFF2 protein P51816 UNIPROT P-TEFb complex SIGNOR-C238 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 17135274 t miannu "Af4 associates with P-TEFb and stimulates its kinase activity. P-TEFb also phosphorylates AF4 which down-regulates its transactivation activity, providing a negative feedback mechanism for the control of P-TEFb elongation activity" SIGNOR-266801 PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT PDGFRA protein P16234 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr988 RVDSDNAyIGVTYKN 9823 BTO:0004007 7535778 t miannu "We have identified two autophosphorylation sites, Tyr-988 and Tyr-1018, in the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha-receptor carboxyl-terminal tail, which are involved in binding of phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma). We conclude that phosphorylated Tyr-988 and Tyr-1018 in the PDGF α-receptor carboxyl-terminal tail bind PLC-γ, but this association leads to only a relatively low level of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PLC-γ." SIGNOR-250252 Nalmefene chemical CHEBI:7457 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258812 "JNJ-28312141 free base" chemical CID:11676971 PUBCHEM FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t miannu "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-259749 SGK1 protein O00141 UNIPROT FOXO1 protein Q12778 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr24 LPRPRSCtWPLPRPE 10090 19965929 t "We demonstrate that SGK1 affects differentiation by direct phosphorylation of Foxo1, thereby changing its cellular localization from the nucleus to the cytosol. In addition we show that SGK1-/- cells are unable to relocalize Foxo1 to the cytosol in response to dexamethasone." SIGNOR-255925 PPP2R2A protein P63151 UNIPROT PP2CA_R1A_R2A complex SIGNOR-C132 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 23454242 t gcesareni "[PP2A] ... is multifarious as it is composed of catalytic, scaffold and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffold subunits have two isoforms and the regulatory subunit has four different families containing different isoforms. The regulatory subunit is the most diverse with temporal and spatial specificity." SIGNOR-243430 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT NEUROD1 protein Q13562 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 31838646 t Gianni "For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)" SIGNOR-268897 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT YBX1 protein P67809 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser102 NPRKYLRsVGDGETV 9606 BTO:0000150 19036157 t lperfetto "We therefore conclude that rsk1/rsk2 are novel activators of yb-1, able to phosphorylate the serine 102 residue." SIGNOR-182165 STAT1 protein P42224 UNIPROT NOS2 protein P35228 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19029990 t lperfetto "STAT1 binds as a homodimer to cis elements known as gammaactivated sequences in the promoters of the genes encoding NOS2, the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) and IL-12, among others." SIGNOR-249497 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR ARRB1 protein P49407 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10347142 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Erk1 and erk2 phosphorylate beta-arrestin1 at ser-412 in vitro. . in the resting state, cytosolic arrestin1 proteins are constitutively phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) at ser412, located within their distal c terminus. erk-phosphorylated arrestin1 is unable to associate with clathrin cages, whereas this constraint is removed upon its dephosphorylation" SIGNOR-270094 EVI5 protein O60447 UNIPROT PLK1 protein P53350 UNIPROT down-regulates 9606 16439210 f gcesareni "Evi5 antagonizes scf(betatrcp)-dependent emi1 ubiquitination and destruction by binding to a site adjacent to emi1's dsgxxs degron and blocking both degron phosphorylation by polo-like kinases and subsequent betatrcp binding." SIGNOR-143683 PDHX protein O00330 UNIPROT CDX2 protein Q99626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000120 12783165 t miannu "In the heterologous cell line BHK-21, Pdx1 inhibited by 60 to 80% the activation of the alpha-cell specific element G1 conferred by Pax-6 and/or Cdx-2/3. Although Pdx1 could bind three AT-rich motifs within G1, two of which are binding sites for Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3, the affinity of Pdx1 for G1 was much lower as compared to Pax-6. In addition, Pdx1 inhibited Pax-6 mediated activation through G3, to which Pdx1 was unable to bind. Moreover, a mutation impairing DNA binding of Pdx1 had no effect on its inhibition on Cdx-2/3. Since Pdx1 interacts directly with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3 forming heterodimers, we suggest that Pdx1 inhibits glucagon gene transcription through protein to protein interactions with Pax-6 and Cdx-2/3." SIGNOR-254904 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT EIF2S2 protein P20042 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser2 sGDEMIFD 9606 BTO:0000567 16225457 t lperfetto "The n-terminal domain of the human eif2beta subunit and the ck2 phosphorylation sites are required for its function. These results suggest that ser2 and ser67 contribute to the important role of the n-terminal region of eif2beta for its function in mammals." SIGNOR-140994 IL4R protein P24394 UNIPROT JAK1 protein P23458 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 7538655 f lperfetto "We demonstrate that il4r triggering induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of jak3" SIGNOR-34756 RPS6KA1 protein Q15418 UNIPROT CCT2 protein P78371 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser260 GSRVRVDsTAKVAEI 9606 21440620 t lperfetto "Furthermore, both the s260a and s260d mutants showed a decreased folding capacity as compared to cells expressing the wild-type cct_ subunit ( fig.?_5e), suggesting that a cyclic phosphorylation of the s260 site by s6k1 is likely to be important for chaperonin function and that mutation of this site interferes with this process." SIGNOR-172986 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR ZNRF3 protein Q9ULT6 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271122 N1'-[3-fluoro-4-[[6-methoxy-7-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]-4-quinolinyl]oxy]phenyl]-N1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide chemical CHEBI:91418 ChEBI AXL protein P30530 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258109 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR Neurogenesis phenotype SIGNOR-PH168 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000938 12676795 f Luana "Activation of the Ras-MAPK/Erk signaling cascade is essential for neurotrophin-promoted differentiation of neurons and PC12 cells." SIGNOR-264978 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RHO protein P08100 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser338 DEASATVsKTETSQV -1 9099669 t lperfetto "Thus, the primary protein kinase C sites are Ser334 and Ser338, with minor phosphorylation of Thr335/336 and Ser343." SIGNOR-248967 SIRT2 protein Q8IXJ6 UNIPROT KAT2B protein Q92831 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12887892 t gcesareni "Sir2 forms a complex with the acetyltransferase pcaf and myod and, when overexpressed, retards muscle differentiation." SIGNOR-104248 GSK3B protein P49841 UNIPROT SNAI1 protein O95863 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser111 SPPSPAPsSFSSTSV 9606 15448698 t lperfetto "Snail is a well-known zn-finger transcription factor that promotes emt by repressing e-cadherin expression. It is known that snail is phosphorylated by gsk3beta and degraded by beta-trcp-mediated ubiquitination. A variant of snail (snail-6sa), which abolishes these phosphorylations, is much more stable and resides exclusively in the nucleus to induce emt" SIGNOR-129410 TLE5 protein Q08117 UNIPROT SIX6 protein O95475 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding -1 12441302 t lperfetto "Biochemical and mutational analysis shows that the Six domain of both SIX3 and SIX6 strongly interact with the QD domain of TLE1 and AES. AES abrogates SIX3- and SIX6-induced phenotypes" SIGNOR-234589 CD247 protein P20963 UNIPROT CD3 complex SIGNOR-C432 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 12507424 t miannu "The T cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) serves a critical role in the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells, and receptor triggering elicits a complex set of biological responses that serve to protect the organism from infectious agents. The receptor is composed of six different chains that form the TCR heterodimer responsible for ligand recognition, as well as the CD3γε, CD3δε, and ζζ signaling modules." SIGNOR-255290 CAMK4 protein Q16566 UNIPROT HDAC4 protein P56524 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 11062529 t gcesareni "Mckinsey et al. report that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (camk), stimulates myogenesis and prevents formation of mef2/hdac complexes by inducing phosphorylation and nuclear export of hdacs 4 and 5." SIGNOR-83837 CEBPB protein P17676 UNIPROT SLC5A8 protein Q8N695 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 20082847 t "Luciferase reporter assays of deletion mutants of SLC5A8 promoter demonstrated that a 295-bp region is essential for the basal promoter activity of the SLC5A8 gene. Further analysis indicated that the CCAAT boxes and GC boxes were involved in positive regulation of SLC5A8 promoter. Overexpression of two transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) and specific transcription factor 1 (Sp1), upregulated the activities of the human SLC5A8 promoter and protein expression, suggesting that both C/EBPbeta and Sp1 transcription factors might have functions in SLC5A8 transcription." SIGNOR-254054 "glutamic acid" smallmolecule CHEBI:18237 ChEBI NMDA proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF56 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 24564659 t miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264692 PRKCD protein Q05655 UNIPROT TP53 protein P04637 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser46 AMDDLMLsPDDIEQW 9606 16377624 t llicata "Here, we show that the pro-apoptotic kinase, protein kinase c delta (pkcdelta), is involved in phosphorylation of p53 on ser(46). pkcdelta potentiates p53-dependent apoptosis by ser(46) phosphorylation in response to genotoxic stress." SIGNOR-143382 sunitinib chemical CHEBI:38940 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 20185585 t gcesareni "The vegfr/pdgfr inhibitor sunitinib (selleck) was used at 35 mg/kg in citrate-buffered water and administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days." SIGNOR-163947 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT SLC6A9 protein P48067-2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser625 PIVGSNGsSRLQDSR 9823 21864610 t miannu "We demonstrated that the isoforms GlyT1a, GlyT1b, and GlyT1c were constitutively phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation was dramatically enhanced, in a time dependent fashion, after PKC activation by phorbol ester. The phosphorylation was PKC-dependent, since pre-incubation of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide I, a selective PKC inhibitor, abolished the phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation. Blotting with specific anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies did not yield any signal that could correspond to GlyT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that the phosphorylation occurs at serine and/or threonine residues. These results together suggest that conventional PKCα and/or β are responsible for the downregulation of glycine transport. We further analyzed the effect of more specific inhibitors to PKCα and PKCβ on the GlyT1 activity. As shown in Fig. 4, panels C-F, incubation of the cells with varying concentrations of the PKCβ inhibitors (referred as PKCβ inhibitor and LY333531) or the PKCα/γ (HDBBE) inhibitors did not prevent the reduction of glycine uptake triggered by PMA, suggesting that PKCα and PKCβ together regulate GlyT1 activity." SIGNOR-262923 ABL1 protein P00519 UNIPROT RAD9A protein Q99638 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr28 SRIGDELyLEPLEDG 9606 11971963 t gcesareni "C-abl phosphorylates the rad9 bcl-2 homology 3 domain (tyr-28) in vitro and in cells exposed to dna-damaging agents. The results also demonstrate that c-abl-mediated phosphorylation of rad9 induces binding of rad9 to the antiapototic bcl-x(l) protein" SIGNOR-86186 CBP/p300 complex SIGNOR-C6 SIGNOR KLF1 protein Q13351 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" acetylation 9606 BTO:0002731 9707565 t Regulation miannu "CBP and p300, but Not P/CAF, Enhance EKLF Trans-activation in Erythroid Cells. We find that EKLF is an acetylated transcription factor, and that it interacts in vivo with CBP, p300, and P/CAF. However, its interactions with these histone acetyltransferases are not equivalent, as CBP and p300, but not P/CAF, utilize EKLF as a substrate for in vitro acetylation within its trans-activation region." SIGNOR-251789 TAOK3 protein Q9H2K8 UNIPROT STK4 protein Q13043 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 23431053 t gcesareni "In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2" SIGNOR-192762 STAT2 protein P52630 UNIPROT "ISGF3 complex" complex SIGNOR-C124 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 8943351 t 2 miannu "The first STAT-containing transcription factor to be studied, the alpha-interferon-induced ISGF3, is composed of a Stat1:2 heterodimer and a weak DNA-binding protein, p48. The p48 and Stat1:2 heterodimer do not associate stably in the absence of DNA, but we show that amino acids approximately 150 to 250 of Stat1 and a COOH-terminal portion of p48 exhibit physical interaction, implying contact that stabilizes ISGF3" SIGNOR-240603 ZNF503 protein Q96F45 UNIPROT GATA3 protein P23771 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 28258171 f Monia "Intriguingly, ZPO2/ZNF503 levels were higher in breast cancer samples with WT GATA3 than in those with mutated GATA3 (Fig. 1B). We found that Zpo2 down-regulated GATA3 levels, whereas shRNA-mediated Zpo2 knockdown enhanced GATA3 expression" SIGNOR-261189 PRKG2 protein Q13237 UNIPROT HCN2 protein Q9UL51 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser668 DRIGKKNsILLHKVQ 10090 BTO:0000142 21347269 t miannu "Here, we show for the first time that in the HCN2 channel cGMP can also exert an inhibitory effect on gating via cGMP-dependent protein kinase II (cGKII)-mediated phosphorylation.We identify the proximal C-terminus of HCN2 as binding region of cGKII and show that cGKII phosphorylates HCN2 at a specific serine residue (S641) in the C-terminal end of the CNBD. The cGKII shifts the voltage-dependence of HCN2 activation to 2-5 mV more negative voltages and, hence, counteracts the stimulatory effect of cGMP on gating." SIGNOR-263185 SCN3A protein Q9NY46 UNIPROT Action_potential phenotype SIGNOR-PH82 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 26043074 f miannu "The expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is a key feature for initiation and conduction of action potentials in excitable tissues and cells such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and neurons." SIGNOR-253455 ARAP2 protein Q8WZ64 UNIPROT CDC42 protein P60953 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "gtpase-activating protein" 9606 BTO:0000007 32203420 t Luana "We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2)." SIGNOR-260455 EIF2B2 protein P49770 UNIPROT EIF2S3 protein P41091 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "guanine nucleotide exchange factor" 9606 15054402 t lperfetto "EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity." SIGNOR-269135 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT GRIN2B protein Q13224 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr932 IRRESSVyDISEHRR -1 11024032 t "Tyr-932, Tyr-1039, Tyr-1070, Tyr-1109, Tyr-1252, Tyr-1336, and Tyr-1472 are Fyn-mediated phosphorylation sites in GluRε2 in vitro." SIGNOR-251174 PAK2 protein Q13177 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1760 RAIGRLSsMAMISGL -1 10748018 t miannu "PAK2 can directly phosphorylate MLCK, inhibiting its activity and limiting the development of isometric tension. PAK2 catalyzes MLCK phosphorylation on serine residues 439 and 991." SIGNOR-250223 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MMP14 protein P50281 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Tyr573 GTPRRLLyCQRSLLD 9606 17389600 t llicata "We show that mt1-mmp is phosphorylated on the unique tyrosine residue located within this cytoplasmic sequence (tyr(573)) and that this phosphorylation requires the kinase src. accordingly, overexpression of a nonphosphorylable mt1-mmp mutant (y573f) blocked sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and ht-1080 (human fibrosarcoma) cells and failed to stimulate migration of cells lacking the enzyme (bovine aortic endothelial cells)." SIGNOR-154006 MAPK3 protein P27361 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1717 SPSYSPTsPSYSPTS 9606 14662762 t lperfetto "Erk1/2 are major ser-5 kinases after h2o2 treatment. These results suggest that subsequent to h2o2 treatment, the ser-5-phosphorylated form, but not the ser-2-phosphorylated form or the unphosphorylated form, is targeted for rapid proteasomal degradation through its ubiquitination." SIGNOR-120200 "TIM22 complex" complex SIGNOR-C424 SIGNOR "Insertion into mitochondrial membrane" phenotype SIGNOR-PH193 SIGNOR up-regulates 32901109 f lperfetto "The TIM22 complex is responsible for the translocation and insertion of hydrophobic membrane proteins, including mitochondrial carrier proteins and translocase subunits (Tim17, Tim22 and Tim23)" SIGNOR-267710 isoprenaline chemical CHEBI:64317 ChEBI ADRB2 protein P07550 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9534 BTO:0000298 8982677 t miannu "K i values of the agonists for [~25I]iodocyanopindolol binding to the COS-7 cell membranes are shown in Table 1. In the membranes expressing one of the 13-adrenoceptor subtypes, both isoproterenol and T-0509 caused monophasic dis- placement of [~25I]iodocyanopindolol, suggesting a single binding site of the agonists." SIGNOR-258576 "26S Proteasome" complex SIGNOR-C307 SIGNOR Ubiquitinated-Viral_Protein complex SIGNOR-C427 SIGNOR "down-regulates quantity" cleavage 9606 15571818 t scontino "The proteasome system is the central proteolytic system of the eukaryotic cell [1] and plays an important role in the generation of MHC-class I peptides. The enzyme complex responsible for the selectivity of intracellular protein degradation is the 26S proteasome that degrades poly-ubiquitinated substrates." SIGNOR-267769 FBXO33 protein Q7Z6M2 UNIPROT EIF3F protein O00303 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 10090 BTO:0000165 18354498 t miannu "Mediation of eIF3-f polyubiquitination by the SCFMAFbx. The association of MAFbx with the essential Skp1, Roc 1 and Cul1 proteins, specific components of an E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase (SCFMAFbx), was previously described. Here, we present evidence that during muscle atrophy MAFbx targets the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit 5 (eIF3-f) for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome." SIGNOR-271768 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr384 GTMKRNAtSPQVQRP 9606 20086174 t llicata "We determined that mst2 phosphorylation by akt limits mst2 activity in two ways: first, by blocking its binding to rassf1a and by promoting its association into the raf-1 inhibitory complex, and second, by preventing homodimerization of mst2, which is needed for its activation. we identified t117 and t384 as akt phosphorylation sites in mst2." SIGNOR-163537 PHKG1 protein Q16816 UNIPROT MAPT protein P10636 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser602 INKKLDLsNVQSKCG -1 8999860 t miannu "Muscle phosphorylase kinase phosphorylates Ser237, Ser262, Ser285, Ser305, and Ser352 of human tau. in vitro phosphorylation of tau on Ser262 alone strongly reduced the ability of tau to bind microtubules whereas the phosphorylation of many Ser/Thr-Pro motif sites of tau showed moderate effects on the binding of tau to microtubules" SIGNOR-250285 NRF1 protein Q16656 UNIPROT BRK1 protein Q8WUW1 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 23939472 f miannu "We found that NRF-1 positively regulates FAM134C and ENOX1, but negatively regulates C3orf10 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells and primary rat cortical neurons." SIGNOR-261369 ADRA2B protein P18089 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256857 BIRC2 protein Q13490 UNIPROT TRAF2 protein Q12933 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" ubiquitination 9606 20651737 t lperfetto "Engagement of cd40 with its ligand cd40l results in the recruitment of the TRAF3/TRAF2/cIAP Complex to the receptor. At the receptor, traf3 undergoes ciap-dependent k48-linked polyubiquitylation (ub) that targets it for proteasomal degradation. In the absence of traf3, nik protein levels accumulate as it can no longer be recruited to the TRAF2/cIAP Complex." SIGNOR-167057 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR Hexokinase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF76 SIGNOR "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000889 17785433 t "Here, using the P493-6 Burkitt's lymphoma model with an inducible MYC, we demonstrate that HIF-1 cooperates with dysregulated c-Myc to promote glycolysis by induction of hexokinase 2, which catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, which inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase and diminishes mitochondrial respiration" SIGNOR-267494 MYCL protein P12524 UNIPROT Differentiation phenotype SIGNOR-PH37 SIGNOR up-regulates 10090 BTO:0000724 7882978 f irozzo "These observations indicate that continued late-stage expression of L-myc affected differentiation processes directly, rather than indirectly through deregulated growth control, whereas constitutive c-myc expression inhibited proliferative arrest, but did not appear to disturb differentiation." SIGNOR-259202 ADSS2 protein P30520 UNIPROT N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxylatoethyl)-AMP(4-) smallmolecule CHEBI:57567 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 10496970 t miannu "Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, thermodynamically coupling the hydrolysis of GTP to the formation of adenylosuccinate from l-aspartate and IMP." SIGNOR-267347 ATP5PO protein P48047 UNIPROT "ATP synthase" complex SIGNOR-C264 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21874297 t miannu "Human mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, consists of two functional domains, F1 and Fo. F1 comprises 5 different subunits (three α, three β, and one γ, δ and ε) and is situated in the mitochondrial matrix. Fo contains subunits c, a, b, d, F6, OSCP and the accessory subunits e, f, g and A6L." SIGNOR-261403 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR KRT20 protein P35900 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser13 RSFHRSLsSSLQAPV -1 20724476 t miannu "P38 phosphorylates the type II keratin, K8 at Ser73, whereas MK2 phosphorylates the binding partners K18 at Ser52 and K20 at Ser13." SIGNOR-263070 ALDOC protein P09972 UNIPROT "beta-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)" smallmolecule CHEBI:32966 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 16051738 t miannu "Aldolase catalyzes the reversible conversion of FBP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure 1). Aldolase is a tetramer of identical subunits of 40 kDa each, and 3 distinct isoenzymes have been identified: aldolase A, B, and C." SIGNOR-266489 CDH11 protein P55287 UNIPROT α-Catenin proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF72 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 10029089 t miannu "Cadherin-11 is localized to a detergent-soluble pool and is associated with both alpha- and beta-catenin" SIGNOR-265825 Gbeta proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF4 SIGNOR CEBPA protein P49715 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000876 14701740 t "inferred from 70% family members" lperfetto "Ccaat/enhancer-binding protein alpha (c/ebpalpha) is one of the key transcription factors that mediate lineage specification and differentiation of multipotent myeloid progenitors into mature granulocytes.Here we report that inducers of monocyte differentiation inhibit the alternate cell fate choice, that of granulopoiesis, through inhibition of c/ebpalpha. This inhibition is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and/or 2 (erk1/2), which interact with c/ebpalpha through an fxfp docking site and phosphorylate serine 21." SIGNOR-270066 "C3 convertase complex" complex SIGNOR-C310 SIGNOR C3 protein P01024 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg671 QPAARRRrSVQLTEK 31331124 t lperfetto "This forms the C4b2a complex, which is a classical pathway C3 convertase. C4b2a cleaves C3, which is the central component of the complement cascade, to C3a, and anaphylatoxin, and C3b results in the activation of the lytic pathway" SIGNOR-263449 CAMK2G protein Q13555 UNIPROT CHAT protein P28329 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr574 VDNIRSAtPEALAFV BTO:0000932 12486117 t llicata "Using mass spectrometry, we identified threonine 456 as a new phosphorylation site in choline acetyltransferase from A beta-(1-42)-treated cells and in purified recombinant ChAT phosphorylated in vitro by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). | This phosphorylation combination was observed in choline acetyltransferase from A beta-(1-42)-treated cells. Treatment of cells with A beta-(1-42) resulted in two phases of activation of choline acetyltransferase, the first within 30 min and associated with phosphorylation by protein kinase C and the second by 10 h and associated with phosphorylation by both CaM kinase II and protein kinase C." SIGNOR-250693 HMGB1 protein P09429 UNIPROT HOXD10 protein P28358 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8890171 t 2 miannu "We show that HMG1 interacts with proteins encoded by the HOX gene family by establishing protein-protein contacts between the HMG box domains and the HOX homeodomain. HMG1 enhances, in a dose-dependent fashion, the sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro, and the transcriptional activation in a co-transfection assay in vivo, of the HOXD9 protein." SIGNOR-240556 LRRK2 protein Q5S007 UNIPROT ARFGAP1 protein Q8N6T3 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000938 BTO:0000142 22363216 t gcesareni "Arfgap1 is an lrrk2 kinase substrate whose gap activity is inhibited by lrrk2. The phosphorylation of arfgap1 by lrrk2 was subjected to mass spectrometry to determine the sites of phosphorylation. There was 95.3% coverage and serines(s155, s246, s284) and threonine (t189, t216, t292) are phosphorylated by lrrk2. Mutational analysis of these serine and threonine amino acids to alanine reveals that no single amino acid is the predominant phospho-amino acid." SIGNOR-196267 FUS protein P35637 UNIPROT MPHOSPH9 protein Q99550 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001279 28515487 f "This conclusion is also supported by the analysis of alternative splicing events in hFUS+/+; Smn+/− mice. As shown in Fig. 6b, the splicing of Dusp22, Mphosph9, Adarb1, hnRNP A2/B1, Gria4, Vps16, Atxn2 and Agrin, which are significantly affected in hFUS+/+ mice, is not further modified by SMN decrease" SIGNOR-262804 IRX2 protein Q9BZI1 UNIPROT CCL5 protein P13501 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0003885 26560478 f Luana "Our results imply that the IRX2 transcription factor might represent a novel metastasis associated protein that acts as a negative regulator of cellular motility and as a repressor of chemokine expression. " SIGNOR-266043 "CID 122201421" chemical CID:122201421 PUBCHEM BRD4 protein O60885 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 26035625 t Monia "Compound MZ1 potently and rapidly induces reversible, long-lasting, and unexpectedly selective removal of BRD4; These data confirmed that BRD4 is removed from the cell nuclei in a time dependent manner due to the presence of MZ1" SIGNOR-261097 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR CD83 protein Q01151 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 19164127 f miannu "We found that upon TLR7 and TLR8 activation, JNK and NF-kappaB positively regulated the expression of CCR7, CD86, CD83, and CD40 and the production of IL-6 and IL-12p40." SIGNOR-254781 CYP19A1 protein P11511 UNIPROT testosterone smallmolecule CHEBI:17347 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 BTO:0000975 27702664 t lperfetto "The cytochrome P450 aromatase is involved in the last step of sex hormones biosynthesis by converting androgens into estrogens. |Human aromatase (CYP19A1) is a membrane-bound class II cytochrome P450 that converts androgens into estrogens [1], [2], [3], [4]. Specifically, the enzyme is involved sex hormones biosynthesis where it is responsible for the conversion of androstenedione, testosterone and 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone into estrone, estradiol and estriol, respectively" SIGNOR-268671 BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT SMAD5/SMAD4 complex SIGNOR-C205 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation 9606 9442019 t ggiuliani "In this study, we isolated human Smad5 and found that Smad5 was involved in BMP-2 signaling cascades, which mediate the bone-inducing effects of BMP-2. Smad5 was directly serine-phosphorylated by BMPIR through a physical interaction. The activated Smad5 subsequently formed a complex with DPC4, and this complex was then translocated to the nucleus." SIGNOR-255779 RNMT protein O43148 UNIPROT mRNA_capping phenotype SIGNOR-PH178 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000567 26942677 f lperfetto "The creation of translation-competent mRNA is dependent on RNA polymerase II transcripts being modified by addition of the 7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap. The factors that mediate splicing, nuclear export, and translation initiation are recruited to the transcript via the cap. The cap structure is formed by several activities and completed by RNMT (RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase), which catalyzes N7 methylation of the cap guanosine." SIGNOR-265503 CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1616 TPQSPSYsPTSPSYS 9606 24385927 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (cdk9) promotes elongation by rna polymerase ii (rnapii), mrna processing, and co-transcriptional histone modification. Cdk9 phosphorylates multiple targets, including the conserved rnapii elongation factor spt5 and rnapii itself. Cellular kinase cdk9 phosphorylates serine-2 in the c-terminal domain (ctd) of rnap ii" SIGNOR-203508 PRKDC protein P78527 UNIPROT LIG4 protein P49917 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser668 DVEFCVMsGTDSQPK 9606 15194694 t lperfetto "Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified a dna-pk phosphorylation site at thr-650 in human lig4 and a potential second phosphorylation site at ser-668 or ser-672. Phosphorylation of lig4 per se was not required for lig4 dna end joining activity. Substitution of these amino acids with alanine, individually or in combination, led to changes in lig4 protein stability of mouse lig4. The phosphomimetic mutation s650d returned lig4 stability to that of the wild-type protein. Furthermore dna-pk was found to negatively regulate lig4 protein stability." SIGNOR-125869 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT RALB protein P11234 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser198 KSSKNKKsFKERCCL 9606 20940393 t llicata "Here we test this hypothesis and show that ralb is phosphorylated at s198 by protein kinase c (pkc). this indicates phosphorylation of ralb is important for the development of lung metastasis in human bladder cancer cells." SIGNOR-168532 ATR protein Q13535 UNIPROT MCM4 protein P33991 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 21070963 t gcesareni "Together these data strongly support the conclusion that mec1 directly targets the s/tq sites in mcm4 and mcm6, although it is formally possible that mec1 and mrc1 activate a different s/tq-directed kinase to target mcm4 and mcm6." SIGNOR-169412 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr387 LMRTLCGtPTYLAPE 9606 BTO:0000007 11901158 t gcesareni "Phosphorylation of thr-68 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated is necessary for efficient activation of chk2 when cells are exposed to ionizing radiation. By an unknown mechanism, this initial event promotes additional autophosphorylation events including modifications of thr-383 and thr-387" SIGNOR-116131 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT MYLK protein Q15746 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr464 QEGSIEVyEDAGSHY 9606 12408982 t gcesareni "Ec mlck-1 is phosphorylated by p60(src) on tyr(464) and tyr(471), resulting in a 2- to 3-fold increase in ec mlck-1 enzymatic activity." SIGNOR-95238 TAL1 protein P17542 UNIPROT FUBP1 protein Q96AE4 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 30653565 t irozzo "TAL1 directly activates the FUBP1 promoter, leading to increased FUBP1 expression during erythroid differentiation." SIGNOR-259131 p38 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF16 SIGNOR ATF2 protein P15336 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 10085140 t "inferred from 70% family members" gcesareni "Our results indicate that atf-2 not only directly binds to smad3/4 hetero-oligomers but also that atf-2 is phosphorylated by tgf-beta signaling via tak1 and p38. The two pathways, smad and tak1, synergistically enhance the activity of atf-2 which acts as their common nuclear target" SIGNOR-270124 AKT1 protein P31749 UNIPROT SH2B2 protein O14492 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser598 SARSRSNsAERLLEA 10090 16141217 t gcesareni "This study identifies APS as a novel physiological substrate for PKB and the first serine phosphorylation site on APS" SIGNOR-252557 MTNR1B protein P49286 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256707 MBD5 protein Q9P267 UNIPROT Chromatine_condensation phenotype SIGNOR-PH21 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 20700456 f miannu "The human proteins MBD5 and MBD6 associate with heterochromatin but they do not bind methylated DNA.Our data suggest that MBD5 and MBD6 are unlikely to be methyl-binding proteins, yet they may contribute to the formation or function of heterochromatin. One isoform of MBD5 is highly expressed in oocytes, which suggests a possible role in epigenetic reprogramming after fertilization." SIGNOR-266773 MRPL58 protein Q14197 UNIPROT "39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C285 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25838379 t lperfetto "We have determined the structure of the intact mitoribosome to 3.5 angstrom resolution by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. It reveals 80 extensively interconnected proteins, 36 of which are specific to mitochondria, and three rRNA molecules" SIGNOR-262344 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RNF214 protein Q8ND24 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271088 WNT11 protein O96014 UNIPROT FZD3 protein Q9NPG1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000551;BTO:0000848 16273260 t gcesareni "Human wnt5a, wnt5b and wnt11 are non-canonical wnt ligands transducing pcp signals through fzd3 or fzd6 receptors." SIGNOR-141428 PTPN6 protein P29350 UNIPROT LYN protein P07948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr397 RVIEDNEyTAREGAK 10116 15537644 t "SHP-1 efficiently inhibits Lyn autophosphorylation and suppresses FcϵRI stimulation|We found that PTPα and SHP-1 both dephosphorylate Lyn exclusively at Tyr-397" SIGNOR-248471 CHEK2 protein O96017 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser216 SGLYRSPsMPENLNR 9606 12835754 t lperfetto "Activated chk2 in turn phosphorylates cdc25c at serine-216 contributing to the g2/m checkpoints. Cds1 phosphorylates and inactivates cdc25 in vitro|CDC25C is phosphorylated on Ser 216 throughout interphase, but not in mitosis. This creates a binding site for 14‐3‐3 proteins | It has been suggested that 14‐3‐3 protein binding is responsible for retaining Cdc25C in the cytoplasm during interphase, thereby contributing to the prevention of premature initiation of mitotic events" SIGNOR-102779 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT TSC2 protein P49815 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1387 QPLSKSSsSPELQTL 9606 SIGNOR-C15 16959574 t gcesareni "We have observed that ampk directly phosphorylates tsc2, and the ampk-dependent phosphorylation of tsc2 is critical for the coordination between cell growth and cellular energy levels." SIGNOR-149388 RPL7 protein P18124 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262455 PCGF2 protein P35227 UNIPROT UBE2I protein P63279 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000007 18211895 t miannu "Based on this finding of interaction between MEL-18 and UBC9, we envisioned a mechanism in which MEL-18 bound to HSF2 inhibits its sumoylation by binding to and inhibiting the activity of UBC9 enzymes that approach HSF2." SIGNOR-226248 MAFA protein Q8NHW3 UNIPROT GLP1R protein P43220 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 17149590 f miannu "the expression of important beta cell genes, e.g. those encoding solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (formerly known as GLUT2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1), NK6 transcription factor-related, locus 1 (NKX6-1), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PCSK1) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), was regulated positively by MAFA and negatively by DN-MAFA." SIGNOR-254563 CDK12 protein Q9NYV4 UNIPROT POLR2A protein P24928 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser1941 SPKGSTYsPTSPGYS 9606 22012619 t miannu "Cyck/cdk12 can activate transcription and phosphorylate ser2 in the ctd of rnapii / phosphorylation of serine at position 2 (ser2) is thought to be responsible for productive transcriptional elongation and synthesis of full-length mature mrna" SIGNOR-176837 CSF1R protein P07333 UNIPROT PLCG2 protein P16885 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 24890514 t apalma "Studies with multipotent precursor cell lines (Fig. 4A) indicate that CSF-1R Tyr-807 and Tyr-721 promote macrophage differentiation via the PLC-Œ≥2 pathway" SIGNOR-255570 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT SMAD7 protein O15105 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 12519765 t lperfetto "Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1), a HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with inhibitory Smad7 and induces translocation of Smad7 to the cytoplasm" SIGNOR-97064 BIX-02188 chemical CID:66524294 PUBCHEM MAP2K5 protein Q13163 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190365 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT STIP1 protein P31948 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr198 DEEEEIAtPPPPPPP 10090 BTO:0000944 14754904 t miannu "Inactivation and phosphorylation mimicking of potential phosphorylation sites in mSTI1 altered the nuclear translocation. Mimicking of phosphorylation at the mSTI1 CKII phosphorylation site (S189E) promoted nuclear localization of mSTI1-EGFP. Mimicking phosphorylation at the cdc2 kinase phosphorylation site (T198E) promoted cytoplasmic localization of mSTI1-EGFP at the G1/S-phase transition,whereas removal of this site (T198A) promoted the nuclear localization of mSTI1-EGFP under the same conditions. A lower level of phosphorylation was observed for the double mutant, suggesting that T332 might also be phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase." SIGNOR-262727 GTF2A2 protein P52657 UNIPROT TBP protein P20226 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding -1 8626665 t lperfetto "The general transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) binds to the TATA binding protein (TBP) and mediates transcriptional activation by distinct classes of activators. |Our results show that different activators utilize the general factor TFIIA in unique ways and that TFIIA contributes transcription activation functions in addition to the facilitation of TBP-DNA binding." SIGNOR-262591 serotonin smallmolecule CHEBI:28790 ChEBI HTR5A protein P47898 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 BTO:0000938 25601315 t miannu "Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) remains one of the most widely studied chemical messengers. Serotonin produces a myriad of physiological effects in humans, mediated through 14 distinct receptor subtypes, of which 13 are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and one ligand-gated cation channel" SIGNOR-264298 SF3B1 protein O75533 UNIPROT "U2 snRNP complex" complex SIGNOR-C479 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 30765414 t lperfetto "The major spliceosomal building blocks are the U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Each consists of a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (or two, in the case of U4/U6), seven Sm proteins that form a ring (or seven Lsm proteins in the case of U6), and a variable number of snRNP-specific proteins (Fig. 1F) (Will and Lührmann 2011). Under splicing conditions, the U4/U6 and U5 snRNPs form a 25S U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, in which the U4 and U6 snRNAs are base-paired, forming a three-way junction." SIGNOR-270653 GTF2I protein P78347 UNIPROT "Polycomb repressive complex 2" complex SIGNOR-C130 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" relocalization 17970752 t lperfetto "We demonstrate that Suz12, a component of the polycomb repressor complex 2, is recruited to the beta-globin gene.| Our data suggest that TFII-I contributes to the recruitment of the polycomb repressor complex 2 complex to the beta-globin gene." SIGNOR-268543 CALM2 protein P0DP24 UNIPROT KIF1A protein Q12756 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10116 BTO:0003102 30021165 t miannu "To better understand how KIF1A-driven dense core vesicle (DCV) transport is regulated, we identified the KIF1A interactome and focused on three binding partners, the calcium binding protein calmodulin (CaM) and two synaptic scaffolding proteins: liprin-α and TANC2. We showed that calcium, acting via CaM, enhances KIF1A binding to DCVs and increases vesicle motility. In contrast, liprin-α and TANC2 are not part of the KIF1A-cargo complex but capture DCVs at dendritic spines" SIGNOR-266889 PICK1 protein Q9NRD5 UNIPROT ASIC1 protein P78348 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" relocalization 10116 BTO:0000938 11802773 t miannu "we found that the PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1 (protein interacting with C kinase) interacts specifically with the C-termini of BNC1 and ASIC. Our studies showing association of recombinant PICK1 with ASIC and BNC1, and the presence of both PICK1 and ASIC in the synaptosomal fraction" SIGNOR-223417 NFIB protein O00712 UNIPROT NFIX protein Q14938 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 29106906 t Gianni "We report that, in the absence of Nfia or Nfib, there is a marked reduction in the spinal cord expression of NFIX, and that NFIB can transcriptionally activate Nfix expression in vitro. These data demonstrate that NFIX is part of the downstream transcriptional program through which NFIA and NFIB coordinate gliogenesis within the spinal cord." SIGNOR-268869 GRM8 protein O00222 UNIPROT Excitatory_synaptic_transmission phenotype SIGNOR-PH133 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000938 24564659 f miannu "Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by the amino acid glutamate, activating two different groups of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic." SIGNOR-264351 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT SIAH2 protein O43255 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 17003045 t gcesareni "We show that siah2 is subject to phosphorylation by p38 mapk, which increases siah2-mediated degradation of phd3." SIGNOR-149890 miR-27a mirna URS0000233054_9606 RNAcentral PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 26344767 f Luana "We also found that miR-199a expression and blockade (see below for details) potentiated and attenuated, respectively, the phosphorylation levels in neurons of S6 ribosomal protein, which signify the activation of mTOR signaling, indicating that miR-199a positively regulates mTOR signaling activity" SIGNOR-265770 SOSTDC1 protein Q6X4U4 UNIPROT WNT7B protein P56706 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" 10090 22829579 f lperfetto "Our laboratory identified an almost twofold upregulation of sclerostin domain-containing 1 (Sostdc1; also referred to as WISE, USAG-1, ectodin), a dual Bmp/Wnt inhibitor, in postnatal day (P)1 pancreata from transgenic mice misexpressing hepatocyte nuclear factor (Hnf)6 in islet endocrine cells." SIGNOR-242733 NfKb-p65/p50 complex SIGNOR-C13 SIGNOR SOD2 protein P04179 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 21357467 f gcesareni "The nfkb p65/p50 heterodimer increases sod2, and p50/p50 suppresses it nf-kb p65/p50 binds to the enhancer and is important for cytokine-induced sod2" SIGNOR-172392 ERG protein P11308 UNIPROT WNT3A protein P56704 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 BTO:0001321 23913826 t Luana "Interestingly, our data showed that ERG drastically induced Wnt ligand gene expression." SIGNOR-261598 "SAGA complex" complex SIGNOR-C465 SIGNOR H3-4 protein Q16695 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" acetylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 34811519 t "Acetlyation of H3 causes transcriptional activation, thus has an inhibitory role on H3" lperfetto "The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14." SIGNOR-269630 AKT2 protein P31751 UNIPROT MTOR protein P42345 UNIPROT up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000887;BTO:0001103 12782654 f gcesareni "It was shown recently that akt activates mtor through direct phosphorylation of tsc2 the serine/threonine kinase akt is an upstream positive regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor). However, the mechanism by which akt activates mtor is not fully understood. The known pathway by which akt activates mtor is via direct phosphorylation and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (tsc2), which is a negative regulator of mtor." SIGNOR-101324 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT RPS6KA5 protein O75582 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser376 EKLFQGYsFVAPSIL 15568999 t lperfetto "In the present study, we show that, in addition to being phosphorylated on Thr-581 and Ser-360 by ERK1/2 or p38, MSK1 can autophosphorylate on at least six sites: Ser-212, Ser-376, Ser-381, Ser-750, Ser-752 and Ser-758. Of these sites, the N-terminal T-loop residue Ser-212 and the 'hydrophobic motif' Ser-376 are phosphorylated by the C-terminal kinase domain of MSK1, and their phosphorylation is essential for the catalytic activity of the N-terminal kinase domain of MSK1" SIGNOR-249199 SMURF1 protein Q9HCE7 UNIPROT TGFBR1 protein P36897 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 17317136 t lperfetto "Recruitment of WW and HECT domain E3-ubiquitin ligases Smurf1 and 2 to induce type I receptor ubiquitination and subsequent receptor degradation;" SIGNOR-153414 SCF-betaTRCP complex SIGNOR-C5 SIGNOR CDC25A protein P30304 UNIPROT up-regulates ubiquitination 9606 15340381 t lperfetto "Scfb-trcp has recently been shown to degrade phosphorylated cdc25a in the s and g2 phases." SIGNOR-217178 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MAX protein P61244 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser2 sDNDDIEV 9606 8018564 t gcesareni "Here, we have mapped the nh2-terminal in vivo phosphorylation sites of max to ser2 and ser11[...]" SIGNOR-35772 EEF1A1P5 protein Q5VTE0 UNIPROT Translational_elongation phenotype SIGNOR-PH210 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 23699257 f lperfetto "During protein synthesis, eEF1A binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the elongating ribosome (Fig. 1). GTP bound to eEF1A is hydrolyzed upon codon-anticodon match between an aa-tRNA in the A site of the ribosome and mRNA bound to the ribosome." SIGNOR-269395 WASL protein O00401 UNIPROT ARP2/3 complex SIGNOR-C146 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000567 20498093 t lperfetto "Members of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family, which includes WASP, N-WASP, WAVE (1–3), WHAMM, JMY, and WASH, control actin cytoskeletal dynamics throughout biology. They act in large part by regulating the actin nucleating activity of the ubiquitous Arp2/3 complex. WASP proteins stimulate Arp2/3 complex using a conserved C-terminal VCA (Verprolin homologous, central hydrophobic, and acidic) region. They contain distinct N-terminal elements, which facilitate integration into unique macromolecular complexes." SIGNOR-261003 RPS6KA3 protein P51812 UNIPROT CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser173 PGKRRTQsLSALPKE 9606 BTO:0000848 21087211 t gcesareni "Specifically, 14-3-3 binds to p90(rsk)-phosphorylated ser?_??_ Of capic?_A thereby modulating dna binding to its hmg (high-mobility group) box, whereas erk phosphorylations prevent binding of a c-terminal nls (nuclear localization sequence) to importin ?4 (kpna3)" SIGNOR-169887 PTPN7 protein P35236 UNIPROT MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" dephosphorylation Tyr182 TDDEMTGyVATRWYR 9606 BTO:0000661 10206983 t "In Jurkat cells, LC-PTP suppressed the ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades" SIGNOR-248485 SRSF11 protein Q05519 UNIPROT APOE protein P02649 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by stabilization" "post transcriptional regulation" 10090 31269452 t miannu "We demonstrate that SFRS11 directly binds to the 3' UTR of LRP8 mRNA, as well as to the third exon of apoE mRNA, resulting in stabilization of these mRNAs, eventually deactivating JNK signaling." SIGNOR-269671 RPS6K proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF26 SIGNOR BAD protein Q92934 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser118 GRELRRMsDEFVDSF 9606 BTO:0000007 10837486 t lperfetto "Rsk1, and survival factor signaling stimulate phosphorylation of bad at ser-155, blocking the binding of bad to bcl-xl." SIGNOR-252786 Enolase proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF74 SIGNOR MYC protein P01106 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0000318 2005901 t "inferred from family member" Luana "This result suggests that MBP-1 in vivo acts as a sequence-specific repressor." SIGNOR-270308 CAMK2A protein Q9UQM7 UNIPROT OPRM1 protein P35372 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser268 LKSVRMLsGSKEKDR 9606 BTO:0000671 10908300 t gcesareni "The decrease in mu-opioid receptor activity after chronic agonist exposure (1 microm [d-ala(2),n-mephe(4),gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin) is largely due to kinase-mediated phosphorylation of intracellular receptor domains. We have recently shown that the substitution of two putative ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii (camk ii) phosphorylation sites, s261 and s266, by alanines in the third intracellular loop of the rat mu-opioid receptor (rmor1) confers resistance to camk ii-induced receptor desensitization." SIGNOR-79678 AURKB protein Q96GD4 UNIPROT DSN1 protein Q9H410 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser109 KETNRRKsLHPIHQG 9606 20471944 t lperfetto "To determine whether the combinatorial regulation of the kmn network by aurora b observed in vitro is critical to controlling kinetochore-microtubule attachments in vivo, we next investigated the effect of the phosphomimetic (to aspartate) and nonphosphorylatable (to alanine) mutants of dsn1, knl1, and ndc80 in vertebrate cells. We predicted that both types of mutations in critical phosphorylation sites would affect chromosome segregation, since preventing the inactivation of inappropriately attached kinetochores by aurora b (in the nonphosphorylatable mutant) or constitutively inactivating this attachment (in the phosphomimetic mutant)." SIGNOR-165550 MAPK8 protein P45983 UNIPROT KRT8 protein P05787 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser74 TVNQSLLsPLVLEVD 9606 11788583 t lperfetto "Kinase assays showed that c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) was also activated with activation kinetics corresponding to that of k8 phosphorylation. Furthermore, k8 was also phosphorylated on ser-73 by jnk in vitro. The ser-73 --> ala-associated filament reorganization defect is rescued by a ser-73 --> asp mutation. Also, disease-causing keratin mutations can modulate keratin phosphorylation and organization, which may affect disease pathogenesis." SIGNOR-114083 bethanechol chemical CHEBI:3084 ChEBI CHRM1 protein P11229 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9224827 t miannu "We investigated whether the allosteric modulators can also increase the affinity of receptors for their agonists. Twelve agonists and five allosteric modulators were tested in experiments on membranes of CHO cells that had been stably transfected with genes for the M1-M4 receptor subtypes. Affinities of agonists for the M1–M4 receptor subtypes were determined according to the ability of the agonist to inhibit [3H]NMS binding in the presence of 0.5 mM GTP; in this way, the low affinity binding of agonists was measured.The computed pKi and nH values are summarized in Table 2." SIGNOR-258622 MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex SIGNOR-C147 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 17713585 t lperfetto "The mre11_rad50_nbs1 (mrn) complex is among the earliest respondents to dna double-strand breaks (dsbs). To organize the mrn complex, the mre11 exonuclease directly binds nbs1, dna, and rad50." SIGNOR-251504 somatostatin smallmolecule CHEBI:64628 ChEBI SSTR4 protein P31391 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 9606 31160049 t "Ligand-GPCR dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-257584 PPP3CC protein P48454 UNIPROT IL6 protein P05231 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 18177723 f lperfetto "Interestingly, since IL-6 production by nerve-mediated skeletal muscle contraction has recently been shown to be partly dependent on the activation of the calcineurin pathway |The fact that IL-6 is produced not only by proliferating satellite cells but also by growing myofibers during hypertrophy" SIGNOR-251735 "Non-structural protein 6" protein P0DTD1-PRO_0000449624 UNIPROT TBK1 protein Q9UHD2 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 32979938 t miannu "We use unbiased screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 proteins that antagonize type I interferon (IFN-I) response. We found three proteins that antagonize IFN-I production via distinct mechanisms: nonstructural protein 6 (nsp6) binds TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to suppress interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation, nsp13 binds and blocks TBK1 phosphorylation, and open reading frame 6 (ORF6) binds importin Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) to inhibit IRF3 nuclear translocation. the results indicate that (1) nsp6 binds to TBK1 without affecting TBK1 phosphorylation, but the nsp6/TBK1 interaction decreases IRF3 phosphorylation, which leads to reduced IFN-β production; and (2) nsp13 binds and inhibits TBK1 phosphorylation, resulting in decreased IRF3 activation and IFN-β production (Figure 2F)." SIGNOR-262510 ZDHHC2 protein Q9UIJ5 UNIPROT DLG4 protein P78352 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" palmitoylation Cys5 cIVTTKKY 9606 23836932 t "Plasma membrane targeting of DHHC2 palmitoyltransferase rapidly recruited PSD-95 to the plasma membrane and proved essential for postsynaptic nanodomain formation." SIGNOR-261290 PRKCA protein P17252 UNIPROT HSPB8 protein Q9UJY1 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr63 LSSAWPGtLRSGMVP 9606 BTO:0000887 11342557 t lperfetto "Hsp22 is phosphorylated by protein kinase c (at residues ser(14) and thr(63)) and by p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (at residues ser(27) and thr(87)). Concerning the possible function of hsp22, no definitive conclusions can be drawn with the available data, although its function might be to bind to and modulate the activity of hsp27.Some Studies claimed that phosphorylation is required for the translocation" SIGNOR-107688 CDK1 protein P06493 UNIPROT CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser370 PLGPLAGsPVIAAAN 9606 7592773 t lperfetto "Four residues within this domain, thr-344, thr-360, ser-362, and ser-370, conform to the minimal consensus sequence for p34cdc2 phosphorylationthe high stoichiometry of phosphorylation suggests that phosphorylation could regulate functional properties of ckii and that it could in some way participate in the burst of phosphorylation that accompanies the activation of p34graphic at the ggraphic-m transition" SIGNOR-29521 PRKCG protein P05129 UNIPROT NOS3 protein P29474 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr495 TGITRKKtFKEVANA 9606 24379783 t lperfetto "The phosphorylation of both S617 and S635 have also been shown to promote increased eNOS-derived NO release (Michell et al., 2002). The phosphorylaiton of S617 can be induced by PKA or Akt activity, and may serve to sensitize eNOS to calmodulin binding and modulate the phosphorylation of other eNOS sites" SIGNOR-251633 PML-RARalpha "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP2 SIGNOR ID2 protein Q02363 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 18025157 f "Also comparable with ID1, RARα, RXR, PML, PLZF-RARα, and RARα/RXR did not transactivate the ID2 promoter, whereas PML-RARα did. Together, these data show that like ID1, ID2 may also be transactivated by PML-RARα without direct DNA binding of the fusion protein." SIGNOR-255727 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser314 SHEDLPAsQERSEVN 9606 22099307 t lperfetto "We also demonstrate that mitotically activated atm phosphorylates bub1, a critical kinetochore protein, on ser314. Atm-mediated bub1 ser314 phosphorylation is required for bub1 activity and is essential for the activation of the spindle checkpoint" SIGNOR-177276 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR up-regulates phosphorylation Ser129 SGSPSDNsGAEEMEV 9606 BTO:0000007 21735093 t gcesareni "CK2 hyperactivates AKT by phosphorylation at Ser129" SIGNOR-174691 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT CASP9 protein P55211 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr125 PEVLRPEtPRPVDIG 10090 BTO:0000782 16888006 t lperfetto "ERK/MAPK phosphorylates caspase-9 at Thr(125), and this phosphorylation is crucial for caspase-9 inhibition" SIGNOR-148616 Dihydromorphine chemical CHEBI:4575 ChEBI OPRK1 protein P41145 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" 10029 BTO:0000246 9686407 t miannu "Accordingly, for the OTDP, the binding affinity and activity of a large number of opiate compounds have been tested at μ-, δ-, and κ-opiate receptors. Binding studies were originally conducted in guinea pig brain membranes, and subsequent studies have been carried out in CHO cells transfected with human receptors. Table 7 shows a biochemical method for determining activity and potency of opioid compounds, stimulation of [35S]GTPγS binding in membranes from cells transfected with human μ, δ, or κ receptors." SIGNOR-258786 lapatinib chemical CHEBI:49603 ChEBI ERBB2 protein P04626 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258131 CCDC6-RET "fusion protein" SIGNOR-FP9 SIGNOR SHC1 protein P29353 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 16946010 t miannu "RET/PTC is tumorigenic in thyroid follicular cells; it transforms thyroid cells in culture and gives rise to thyroid carcinomas in transgenic mice. effects of RET/PTC activation require signaling along the MAPK pathway and, more specifically, the presence of the functional BRAF kinase. all breakpoints in the RET gene occur within intron 11, leaving intact the TK domain of the receptor and enabling the RET/PTC oncoprotein to bind SHC via Y1062 and activate the RAS-RAF-MAPK cascade" SIGNOR-251986 NR2C2 protein P49116 UNIPROT LHCGR protein P22888 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9534 BTO:0000318 10644740 t Luana "Functional analysis showed that EAR2 and EAR3/COUP-TFI repressed the hLHR promoter activity, whereas TR4 activated hLHR gene transcription." SIGNOR-266217 TLR9 protein Q9NR96 UNIPROT MYD88 protein Q99836 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 22664090 t miannu "To initiate the innate immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with cytoplasmic adaptor proteins through TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interactions. The four principal signaling adaptor proteins include MyD88, MAL, TRIF and TRAM, and the fifth protein SARM, involved in negative regulation of TLR pathways, is usually considered a part of the TIR domain-containing adaptor protein group" SIGNOR-266742 ROCK1 protein Q13464 UNIPROT MYL12B protein O14950 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser20 KRPQRATsNVFAMFD 9606 12185584 t lperfetto "Here we found that rho-kinase has an activity for mrlc diphosphorylation at both threonine 18 and serine 19 in nonmuscle cells using sequential column chromatographies." SIGNOR-91542 BUB1 protein O43683 UNIPROT CDC20 protein Q12834 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser72 SKVQTTPsKPGGDRY 9606 BTO:0000567 15525512 t llicata "Bub1 directly phosphorylates Cdc20 in vitro and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C(Cdc20) catalytically. A Cdc20 mutant with all six Bub1 phosphorylation sites removed is refractory to Bub1-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition in vitro. " SIGNOR-250607 RPL34 protein P49207 UNIPROT "60S cytosolic large ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C287 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262467 NANOG protein Q9H9S0 UNIPROT Pluripotency phenotype SIGNOR-PH43 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0001086 25126380 f flangone "Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), a member of the SoxB1 transcription factor family, is an important transcriptional regulator in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Together with octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and Nanog, they co-operatively control gene expression in PSCs and maintain their pluripotency. " SIGNOR-242073 FPR2 protein P25090 UNIPROT GNA14 protein O95837 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256888 ADP chemical CHEBI:16761 ChEBI PRPS1 protein P60891 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 29074724 t lperfetto "PRPS1 is inhibited by the nucleotide biosynthesis products ADP, AMP, and GDP" SIGNOR-265736 RAI1 protein Q7Z5J4 UNIPROT PER2 protein O15055 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 22578325 f miannu "Data further show that haploinsufficiency of RAI1 and Rai1 in SMS fibroblasts and the mouse hypothalamus, respectively, results in the transcriptional dysregulation of the circadian clock and causes altered expression and regulation of multiple circadian genes, including PER2, PER3, CRY1, BMAL1, and others." SIGNOR-266840 ZNF420 protein Q8TAQ5 UNIPROT TP53BP1 protein Q12888 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0001109 19377469 t done miannu "These results indicate that Apak is a genuine substrate of ATM kinase. Apak phosphorylation on Ser 68 is critical for p53-mediated apoptosis. in response to DNA damage, ATM is rapidly activated by autophosphorylation and mediates p53 activation through disruption of the Apak–p53 complex by phosphorylating Apak on Ser 68." SIGNOR-273512 RNF123 protein Q5XPI4 UNIPROT KPC complex SIGNOR-C523 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 15531880 t miannu " We now describe a previously unidentified E3 complex: KPC (Kip1 ubiquitination-promoting complex), consisting of KPC1 and KPC2. KPC1 contains a RING-finger domain, and KPC2 contains a ubiquitin-like domain and two ubiquitin-associated domains. KPC interacts with and ubiquitinates p27(Kip1) and is localized to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of KPC promoted the degradation of p27(Kip1), whereas a dominant-negative mutant of KPC1 delayed p27(Kip1) degradation. " SIGNOR-271511 ERK1/2 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF1 SIGNOR CIC protein Q96RK0 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1409 SAPEDPTsPKRKMRR 9606 BTO:0000848 21087211 t lperfetto "Specifically, 14-3-3 binds to p90(rsk)-phosphorylated ser?_??_ Of capic?_A thereby modulating dna binding to its hmg (high-mobility group) box, whereas erk phosphorylations prevent binding of a c-terminal nls (nuclear localization sequence) to importin ?4 (kpna3)[...] These results suggest that erk phosphorylation of ser1382 and ser1409 masks the nls and prevents its binding to kpna3" SIGNOR-244630 FLI1 protein Q01543 UNIPROT GATA1 protein P15976 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 10090 BTO:0000944 12556498 t irozzo "On the other hand, our data demonstrate that FLI-1 also interacts with GATA-1. However, FLI-1 does not repress but enhances GATA-1 activity." SIGNOR-256045 Ub:E2 complex SIGNOR-C497 SIGNOR RFPL4A protein A6NLU0 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" ubiquitination 9606 34199813 t miannu "The ubiquitination process is mediated sequentially by three classes of enzymes consisting of a Ub-activating enzyme E1, a Ub-conjugating enzyme E2, and a Ub ligase E3. Ub is first activated by E1 in an adenosine 5‚Ä≤-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent manner t" SIGNOR-271140 4-[[(2S)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-3-[4-methyl-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-pyridinone chemical CHEBI:91454 ChEBI IGF1R protein P08069 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-190443 GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT ADCY1 protein Q08828 UNIPROT down-regulates binding 9606 8327893 t gcesareni "Concentration-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclases by purified Gi alpha subunits is described. Activated Gi alpha but not G(o) alpha was effective, and myristoylation of Gi alpha was required" SIGNOR-38032 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT MRE11 protein P49959 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser688 SKGVDFEsSEDDDDD -1 28436950 t miannu "Here we show that MRE11 directly interacts with PIH1D1, a subunit of heat-shock protein 90 cochaperone R2TP complex, which is required for the assembly of large protein complexes, such as RNA polymerase II, small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. The MRE11-PIH1D1 interaction is dependent on casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation of two acidic sequences within the MRE11 C terminus containing serines 558/561 and 688/689." SIGNOR-265893 EEF2K protein O00418 UNIPROT EEF2 protein P13639 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Thr57 RAGETRFtDTRKDEQ 9606 BTO:0000007 12194824 t gcesareni "The activation of eef2 kinase by ampk, resulting in the phosphorylation and inactivation of eef2, provides a novel mechanism for the inhibition of protein synthesis." SIGNOR-91751 NOX3 protein Q9HBY0 UNIPROT superoxide smallmolecule CHEBI:18421 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 17237347 t lperfetto "Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91phox), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS)." SIGNOR-264722 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RANGAP1 protein P46060 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser358 AKVLASLsDDEDEEE 9606 16428860 t lperfetto "Phosphorylation of rangap1 stabilizes its interaction with ran and ranbp1. Serine-358 (358s) was identified as the major phosphorylation site. Experiments using purified recombinant kinase and specific inhibitors such as drb and apigenin strongly suggest that casein kinase ii (ck2) is the responsible kinase" SIGNOR-143948 "NMDA receptor_2A" complex SIGNOR-C347 SIGNOR CTTN protein Q14247 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 9606 BTO:0000142 14684878 t miannu "Here we show that cortactin is concentrated with F-actin in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons but is redistributed to the dendritic shaft in response to NMDA receptor activation. these findings indicate that the translocation of cortactin is induced by the activation of NMDA receptors." SIGNOR-266599 HCRTR1 protein O43613 UNIPROT GNAI3 protein P08754 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256876 RPS24 protein P62847 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262427 CTDNEP1 protein O95476 UNIPROT BMPR1A protein P36894 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 17141153 t lperfetto "We show that dullard promotes the ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation of bmp receptors (bmprs). Dullard preferentially complexes with the bmp type ii receptor (bmprii) and partially colocalizes with the caveolin-1-positive compartment, suggesting that dullard promotes bmpr degradation via the lipid raft-caveolar pathway" SIGNOR-150998 FLT3 protein P36888 UNIPROT XRCC5 protein P13010 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10090 21228325 f fcortellessa "We detected an approximately 5-fold decrease in Ku86 expression in early pro-B cells from FLT3/ITD mice compared with the wild-type controls. These data support the finding that FLT3/ITD mutations exert a suppressive role on Ku86 expression." SIGNOR-261684 "beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate" smallmolecule CHEBI:28602 ChEBI PFK proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF79 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 19454274 t "The PFKFB enzymes synthesize fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) which allosterically activates 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1), a rate-limiting enzyme and essential control point in the glycolytic pathway. PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP when energy stores are abundant and F2,6BP can override this inhibition and enhance glucose uptake and glycolytic flux" SIGNOR-267262 FOXL2 protein P58012 UNIPROT Cell_death phenotype SIGNOR-PH109 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000975 16153597 f miannu "We observed that foxl2 induces apoptosis in the ovarian cells unveiling a novel function of foxl2" SIGNOR-256643 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT PHKA1 protein P46020 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser1018 QVEFRRLsISAESQS 10487978 t miannu "Phosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) also relieves inhibition of the gamma subunit and thereby activates the enzyme. Ser1018 within this multiphosphorylation domain is phosphorylated by PKA and is a major site of regulatory phosphorylation in vivo" SIGNOR-250026 MAPK14 protein Q16539 UNIPROT MKNK2 protein Q9HBH9 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 9155017 t gcesareni "Erk and p38 phosphorylate mnk1 and mnk2, which stimulates their in vitro kinase activity" SIGNOR-48349 PRKAA2 protein P54646 UNIPROT INSR protein P06213 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000887 SIGNOR-C15 22207502 t gcesareni "Ampk phosphorylates and activates theinsulinreceptor, providing a direct link between ampk and theinsulin pathway." SIGNOR-195324 PLK4 protein O00444 UNIPROT CENPJ protein Q9HC77 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser595 ISFSSNSsFVLKILE 9606 20531387 t lperfetto "Plk2 phosphorylates the s589 and s595 residues of cpap in vitro and in vivo. This phosphorylation is critical for procentriole formation during the centrosome cycle. Plk4 also phosphorylates s595 of cpap" SIGNOR-166007 PP1 proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF54 SIGNOR CDK9 protein P50750 UNIPROT up-regulates dephosphorylation Ser175 FGLARAFsLAKNSQP 9606 21533037 t lperfetto "Protein phosphatase-1 activates cdk9 by dephosphorylating ser175" SIGNOR-264671 MLST8 protein Q9BVC4 UNIPROT mTORC2 complex SIGNOR-C2 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 25628925 t lperfetto "Depending on their binding partners and sensitivities to rapamycin, mtor resides in at least two distinct complexes, termed mtor complex 1 (mtorc1, containing raptor, fkbp12, pras40 and mlst8) and mtor complex 2 (mtorc2, containing rictor, sin1, protor and mlst8)" SIGNOR-205612 "mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate" chemical CHEBI:17243 ChEBI PPARG protein P37231 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" "chemical activation" -1 16326050 t miannu "Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and mono-n-butyl phthalate activation of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors alpha and gamma in breast" SIGNOR-268751 CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT RBL2 protein Q08999 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser1112 LLEDGSEsPAKRICP 9606 12006580 t gcesareni "When expressed in u2os cells, the phosphorylation-deficient mutant p130(delta)(cdk4), in which the cdk4 specific sites were mutated to alanine residues, imposed a more sustained g1 arrest than a constitutively active prb(delta)(cdk), known to repress all cellular e2f activity" SIGNOR-87492 JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT STAT5A protein P42229 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Tyr694 LAKAVDGyVKPQIKQ 4932 9575217 t gcesareni "Our mutational analysis suggests that the Stat5 SH2 domain is essential for the interaction with Jak2 and that the kinase domain of Jak2 is sufficient for Jak2-Stat5 interaction. Therefore, the Jak kinase domain may be all that is needed to cause Stat phosphorylation in situations where receptor docking is dispensable. [...] Most obviously, mutation of Tyr694 (Stat5a) or Tyr699 (Stat5b) to phenylalanine abolishes phosphorylation" SIGNOR-56827 PRKCZ protein Q05513 UNIPROT IKBKB protein O14920 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser177 AKELDQGsLCTSFVG 9606 10022904 t lperfetto "Activation of IkappaB kinase beta by protein kinase C isoforms. | Interestingly, recombinant active zetaPKC and alphaPKC are able to stimulate in vitro the activity of IKKbeta but not that of IKKalpha. In addition, evidence is presented here that recombinant zetaPKC directly phosphorylates IKKbeta in vitro, involving Ser177 and Ser181. Collectively, these results demonstrate a critical role for the PKC isoforms in the NF-kappaB pathway at the level of IKKbeta activation and IkappaB degradation." SIGNOR-249015 FGF13 protein Q92913 UNIPROT SCN2A protein Q99250 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0000938 20679355 t miannu "Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels." SIGNOR-253427 "RFX complex" complex SIGNOR-C104 SIGNOR HLA-DPB1 protein P04440 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0000776 11889043 f "Promoter-specific functions of CIITA and the MHC class II enhanceosome in transcriptional activation|We compared four genes co-regulated by RFX and CIITA (HLA-DRA, HLA-DPB, HLA-DMB and Ii) and found that the enhanceosome and CIITA make variable, promoter-dependent contributions to histone acetylation and transcription apparatus recruitment." SIGNOR-254007 TNFRSF13C protein Q96RJ3 UNIPROT B_cell_maturation phenotype SIGNOR-PH15 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 BTO:0000776 24432023 f lperfetto "Non-canonical nf-kb signaling initiated by baff influences b cell biology at multiple junctures." SIGNOR-204361 PKN1 protein Q16512 UNIPROT MARCKS protein P29966 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser159 KKKKKRFsFKKSFKL -1 8557118 t gcesareni "PRK1 phosphorylates MARCKS at the PKC sites: serine 152, serine 156 and serine 163." SIGNOR-243199 BBS7 protein Q8IWZ6 UNIPROT "BBsome complex" complex SIGNOR-C288 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 BTO:0004910 19081074 t lperfetto "We recently showed that seven highly conserved BBS proteins form a stable complex, the BBSome, that functions in membrane trafficking to and inside the primary cilium.|As a first step in characterizing this protein, we investigated the biochemical properties of its binding to the core BBSome (previously defined as the BBS1, -2, -4, -5, -7, -8, and -9 complex). We subjected the native LAP-BBS4 eluate to velocity sedimentation analysis (Figure 1C). BBIP10 clearly cosedimented with BBS4 at 14S, suggesting that BBIP10 strongly associates with the core BBSome" SIGNOR-262556 RUNX3 protein Q13761 UNIPROT TIAL1 protein Q01085 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by repression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0002384 17956589 f miannu "Comprehensive analysis using a cDNA microarray showed that RUNX3 upregulated 17 apoptosis-related genes (including FADD, TRAF6, caspase-2, ING1, ING4, Calpain 10, and DNase1) and downregulated 135 apoptosis-related genes (including FLIP, PEA15, TXN2, HSPD1, IKK, and TIAL1) in MKN-1 cells." SIGNOR-255088 "Multiaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase" complex SIGNOR-C472 SIGNOR leucine smallmolecule CHEBI:25017 ChEBI "down-regulates quantity" "chemical modification" 9606 28271488 t miannu "Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are essential enzymes that specifically aminoacylate one tRNA molecule by the cognate amino acid. In mammals, nine synthetases, those specific for amino acids Arg, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro, associate into a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, an association which is believed to play a key role in the cellular organization of translation, but also in the regulation of the translational and nontranslational functions of these enzymes." SIGNOR-270413 MAPK9 protein P45984 UNIPROT CDC25C protein P30307 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser168 SEMKYLGsPITTVPK 9606 20220133 t gcesareni "Here we show that jnk directly phosphorylates cdc25c at serine 168 during g(2) phase of the cell cycle. Cdc25c phosphorylation by jnk negatively regulates its phosphatase activity and thereby cdk1 activation, enabling a timely control of mitosis onset." SIGNOR-164093 cabozantinib chemical CHEBI:72317 ChEBI KIT protein P10721 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" 9606 BTO:0000184 26536165 t miannu "Cabozantinib (XL184) is a small-molecule kinase inhibitor with potent activity toward MET and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), as well as a number of other receptor tyrosine kinases that have also been implicated in tumor pathobiology, including RET, KIT, AXL, and FLT3." SIGNOR-262243 "trichostatin A" chemical CHEBI:46024 ChEBI HDAC2 protein Q92769 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 20139990 t Luana "Collaboratively, we synthesized and assembled a panel of structurally-diverse small-molecule HDACi 1, 2, 7-20 that comprise most of the relevant literature-reported tool compounds and pharmaceutically developed clinical candidates (Supplementary Fig 3). We next conducted a high-throughput, precise profiling of HDACi potency against all Class I and II enzymes, in a miniaturized dose-ranging format (Supplementary Table 1)." SIGNOR-258015 DYRK1A protein Q13627 UNIPROT NOTCH proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF30 SIGNOR down-regulates phosphorylation 9606 BTO:0000142 19383720 t gcesareni "Dyrk1a physically interacts with the nicd inducing its phosphorylation in the ankyrin domain, thereby attenuating notch ." SIGNOR-254313 dehydroepiandrosterone chemical CHEBI:28689 ChEBI androst-4-ene-3,17-dione smallmolecule CHEBI:16422 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" "precursor of" 9606 BTO:0000056 2139411 t lperfetto "The isolation, cloning, and expression of a cDNA insert complementary to mRNA encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase is reported. |The expressed protein was similar in size to human placental microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase, as detected by immunoblot analysis, and catalyzed the conversion of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone to progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione." SIGNOR-268641 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT IRS1 protein P35568 UNIPROT unknown phosphorylation Ser99 HFAIAADsEAEQDSW -1 8349691 t llicata "These data suggest that casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. | Thr-502 was identified as the major casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation site in rat IRS-1." SIGNOR-250909 CPSF1 protein Q10570 UNIPROT "CPSF complex" complex SIGNOR-C53 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 14749727 t miannu "Recombinant hfip1 is sufficient to stimulate the in vitro polyadenylation activity of pap in a u-rich element-dependent manner. hfip1, cpsf160 and pap form a ternary complex in vitro, suggesting that hfip1 and cpsf160 act together in poly(a) site recognition and in cooperative recruitment of pap to the rna." SIGNOR-121646 SAV1 protein Q9H4B6 UNIPROT STK3 protein Q13188 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 21084559 t "Sav1 interacts with Mst1/2 through the SARAH domains present in both Sav1 and Mst1/2." gcesareni "Mst is activated by binding of salvador (sav1, sav in drosophila), which is, in turn, also phosphorylated by mst." SIGNOR-169829 KDM4C protein Q9H3R0 UNIPROT H3C1 protein P68431 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" demethylation Lys10 RTKQTARkSTGGKAP 9606 29207681 t miannu "As one member of the Jumonji-C histone demethylase family, JMJD2C has the ability to demethylate tri- or di-methylated histone 3 and 2 in either K9 (lysine residue 9) or K36 (lysine residue 36) sites by an oxidative reaction, thereby affecting heterochromatin formation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and transcriptional regulation of genes.JMJD2C has been proved to be a demethylase for H3K9 methylation, in the manner of catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9me3/me2 (the known repressive markers of gene regulation), a histone mark found in heterochromatin associated with euchromatic transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation" SIGNOR-263865 AKT proteinfamily SIGNOR-PF24 SIGNOR YAP1 protein P46937 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser127 PQHVRAHsSPASLQL 9606 12535517 t gcesareni "One protein that associates with 14-3-3 in an akt-dependent manner is shown here to be the yes-associated protein (yap), which is phosphorylated by akt at serine 127, leading to binding to 14-3-3. Akt promotes yap localization to the cytoplasm, resulting in loss from the nucleus where it functions as a coactivator of transcription factors including p73." SIGNOR-97485 MAPK1 protein P28482 UNIPROT MRTFA protein Q969V6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser454 TGSTPPVsPTPSERS 9606 18694962 t "Translocation from Nuleus to Cytoplasm" gcesareni "Serum induces rhoa-dependent translocation of mkl1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and also causes a rapid increase in mkl1 phosphorylation. Serum-induced phosphorylation of the serum response factor coactivator mkl1 by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibits its nuclear localization." SIGNOR-179959 ATM protein Q13315 UNIPROT TP63 protein Q9H3D4 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser560 LARLGCSsCLDYFTT 9606 18769144 t lperfetto "Atm kinase is a master switch for the delta np63 alpha phosphorylation/degradation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells upon dna damage. We previously found that the pro-apoptotic dna damaging agent, cisplatin, mediated the proteasome-dependent degradation of delta np63 alpha associated with its increased phosphorylated status. We found that delta np63 alpha is phosphorylated in the time-dependent fashion at the following positions: s385, t397 and s466, which were surrounded by recognition motifs for atm, cdk2 and p70s6k kinases, respectively" SIGNOR-180751 ITGAV protein P06756 UNIPROT "Av/b6 integrin" complex SIGNOR-C179 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 16988024 t lperfetto "Integrins are one of the major families of cell adhesion receptors (Humphries, 2000; Hynes, 2002). All integrins are non-covalently-linked, heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β subunit. Both subunits are type I transmembrane proteins, containing large extracellular domains and mostly short cytoplasmic domains (Springer and Wang, 2004; Arnaout et al., 2005). Mammalian genomes contain 18 α subunit and 8 β subunit genes, and to date 24 different α,β combinations have been identified at the protein level. Although some subunits only appear in a single heterodimer, twelve integrins contain the β1 subunit, and five contain αV." SIGNOR-253209 P2RY10 protein O00398 UNIPROT GNAI1 protein P63096 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256726 CSNK2A1 protein P68400 UNIPROT RRN3 protein Q9NYV6 UNIPROT down-regulates phosphorylation Ser172 GDVDVSDsDDEDDNL 9606 18559419 t llicata "Here we show that ck2 phosphorylates the transcription initiation factor tif-ia at serines 170 and 172 (ser170/172), and this phosphorylation triggers the release of tif-ia from pol i after transcription initiation." SIGNOR-178943 CACNA1G protein O43497 UNIPROT calcium(2+) smallmolecule CHEBI:29108 ChEBI "up-regulates quantity" relocalization 10090 33393208 t miannu "Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in neuronal plasticity and maintenance in mammals. Low-threshold voltage-gated T-type calcium channels produce calcium spikes that increase fast action potentials in newborn cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG)" SIGNOR-264032 TYMS protein P04818 UNIPROT "Purine biosynthesis" phenotype SIGNOR-PH186 SIGNOR up-regulates 9606 21876188 t lperfetto "In this pathway, 5,10-methyleneTHF, a one-carbon donor, is generated from serine by SHMT and used for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP in a reaction catalyzed by TYMS." SIGNOR-253139 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide chemical CHEBI:91326 ChEBI CDK2 protein P24941 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" "chemical inhibition" -1 22037378 t Luana "Our data set represents the most detailed comprehensive assessment of the reactivity of known and clinical kinase inhibitors across the kinome published to date. | The data also show that for at least 15 of the 27 kinases that are the primary, intended targets for the compounds tested and that are represented in the assay panel, selective inhibitors, as assessed by both absolute selectivity across the kinome and selectivity relative to the primary target, are among the 72 tested here." SIGNOR-258176 MPO protein P05164 UNIPROT APOA1 protein P02647 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" oxidation 9606 20043647 t miannu "When apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major HDL protein, was oxidized by MPO, its ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux by ABCA1 was impaired. Moreover, oxidized apoA-I was unable to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which rapidly converts free cholesterol to cholesteryl ester, a critical step in HDL maturation" SIGNOR-252102 F10 protein P00742 UNIPROT F7 protein P08709 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Arg212 NASKPQGrIVGGKVC 9606 BTO:0000131 12524220 t lperfetto "The factor VII zymogen is cleaved at arginine 152 by a variety of proteases, including thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, and factor VIIa–tissue factor to produce the serine protease factor VIIa." SIGNOR-263523 "HIF-1 complex" complex SIGNOR-C418 SIGNOR LDHA protein P00338 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 27692180 t miannu "HIF-1 promotes glycolysis by transcriptionally upregulating GLUT1, GLUT3, HK1, and HK2. HIF-1 also suppresses oxidative phosphorylation by the upregulation of gene expression of BNIP3, BNIP3L, LDHA, and PDK1. In addition, HIF-1 can inhibit apoptosis by suppressing the expression of BID." SIGNOR-267456 PRKACA protein P17612 UNIPROT CACNG2 protein Q9Y698 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Thr321 NTANRRTtPV 9534 11805122 t miannu "phosphorylation of stargazin at T321 by PKA inhibits its interaction with PSD-95." SIGNOR-250342 SRC protein P12931 UNIPROT BCAR1 protein P56945 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr165 PSPATDLyQVPPGPG 10090 12972425 t lperfetto "Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of CasBased on these data, 11 tyrosine residues (132, 169, 183, 196, 238, 253, 271, 291, 301, 391, and 414) were phosphorylated by Src|the biological activity of Cas depends on its phosphorylation by Src (16–18). After phosphorylation, Cas associates with a number of proteins, including Crk, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Nck, and phospholipase Cgamma, via SH2 binding motifs" SIGNOR-246385 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT SLC5A5 protein Q92911 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 BTO:0001379 34751390 t scontino "CREB recognized and bound to the promoter of SLC5A5 to facilitate its transcription." SIGNOR-267137 MASP2 protein O00187 UNIPROT C4B protein P0C0L5 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" cleavage Gly1446 TPLQLFEgRRNRRRR -1 17204478 t lperfetto "MASP-2 cleaves C4 releasing C4a and generating C4b, which attaches covalently to the pathogen surface upon exposure of its reactive thioester. C2 binds to C4b and is also cleaved by MASP-2 to form the C3 convertase (C4b2a)." SIGNOR-263428 P2RY2 protein P41231 UNIPROT GNAL protein P38405 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" binding 9606 BTO:0002524 31160049 t "GPCR-Ga dataset" Luana "Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0." SIGNOR-256902 TRIM25 protein Q14258 UNIPROT MAVS protein Q7Z434 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination Lys10 FAEDKTYkYICRNFS 9606 BTO:0000007 22626058 t k48 miannu "We report here that RLR activation triggers MAVS ubiquitination on lysine 7 and 10 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 and marks it for proteasomal degradation concomitantly with downstream signaling. " SIGNOR-272042 "pazopanib hydrochloride" chemical CHEBI:71217 ChEBI KDR protein P35968 UNIPROT down-regulates "chemical inhibition" 9606 Other t Selleck gcesareni SIGNOR-201037 CREB1 protein P16220 UNIPROT MITF protein O75030 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 10841026 t lperfetto "Therefore, the molecular steps linking cAMPto melanogenesis up-regulation appear currently better elucidated. cAMP activates PKA, and PKA phosphorylates and activates CREB which, when activated, binds to the CRE domain present in the microphthalmia promoter,thereby up-regulating its transcription." SIGNOR-249619 CBLC protein Q9ULV8 UNIPROT EGFR protein P00533 UNIPROT "down-regulates quantity by destabilization" polyubiquitination 9534 BTO:0001538 12226085 t miannu "In summary, we have shown that CBLC and AIP4 can interact and that these two E3 ligases could contribute to down-regulate EGFR signaling by ubiquitination. " SIGNOR-272605 MSN protein P26038 UNIPROT MSN/PDZD8 complex SIGNOR-C61 SIGNOR "form complex" binding 9606 21549406 t miannu "These results demonstrated that both human moesin and its newly identified binding partner, pdzd8 had similar effects on host mt networks, suggesting that they are likely to function as part of a stable mt regulatory complex." SIGNOR-173647 NFE2L2 protein Q16236 UNIPROT MTHFD2 protein P13995 UNIPROT "up-regulates quantity by expression" "transcriptional regulation" 9606 22789539 f miannu "We identified six genes involved in the PPP and NADPH production pathways as direct targets of Nrf2. To identify the target genes of NRF2 responsible for cell proliferation, we performed microarray analysis in A549 cells treated with NRF2 siRNA or control siRNA. We used three independent NRF2 siRNAs and selected genes whose expression levels were reduced to less than 66.7% of that of the control sample by all three siRNAs to minimize off-target effects (Table S1). In addition to the typical target genes of NRF2 encoding detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins (cytoprotective genes), genes whose products are involved in the PPP (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [PGD], transketolase [TKT], and transaldolase 1 [TALDO1]) and de novo nucleotide synthesis (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase [PPAT] and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 [MTHFD2]) were decreased by the NRF2 knockdown (Figure 1B). Genes encoding enzymes for NADPH synthesis (malic enzyme 1 [ME1] and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 [IDH1]) were also decreased (Figure 1B). We also confirmed the reduction of the enzyme proteins encoded by these genes in the NRF2-knockdown cells (Figure 1C)." SIGNOR-267359 FYN protein P06241 UNIPROT CNN1 protein P51911 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" phosphorylation Tyr182 SQQGMTAyGTRRHLY 9534 15206927 t "We identify, for the first time, tyrosine-phosphorylated calponin h3 within COS 7 cells, before and after their transfection with the pSV vector containing cDNA encoding the cytoplasmic, Src-related, tyrosine kinase, Fyn. we have localized the tyrosines phosphorylated without actin to Tyr261 in calponin h3 and to Tyr261 and Tyr182 in calponin h1. Tyrosine phosphorylation of calponins inhibits their binding to F-actin" SIGNOR-251157 CDK3 protein Q00526 UNIPROT ATF1 protein P18846 UNIPROT up-regulates phosphorylation Ser63 GILARRPsYRKILKD 9606 BTO:0000527 BTO:0000142 18794154 t lperfetto "Cyclin-dependent kinase 3-mediated activating transcription factor 1 phosphorylation enhances cell transformationwe found that cdk3 phosphorylates activating transcription factor 1 (atf1) at serine 63 and enhances the transactivation and transcriptional activities of atf1." SIGNOR-180920 RPS26 protein P62854 UNIPROT "40S cytosolic small ribosomal subunit" complex SIGNOR-C286 SIGNOR "form complex" binding -1 25901680 t lperfetto "Here we report the near-atomic structure of the human ribosome derived from high-resolution single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and atomic model building. The structure has an average resolution of 3.6 Å, reaching 2.9 Å resolution in the most stable regions. |The human ribosome (80S) has a molecular weight of 4.3 MDa: the large subunit (60S) consists of 28S, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs and 47 proteins, while the small subunit (40S) possesses a single 18S rRNA chain and 33 pro- teins." SIGNOR-262425 LAMP2 protein P13473 UNIPROT "Chaperone-mediated autophagy" phenotype SIGNOR-PH118 SIGNOR "up-regulates activity" 10029 BTO:0000977 8662539 f "Here, the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein LGP96 was identified as a receptor for the selective import and degradation of proteins within lysosomes. Specific substrates of this proteolytic pathway bound to the cytosolic tail of a 96-kilodalton lysosomal membrane protein in two different binding assays." SIGNOR-259990 RB1 protein P06400 UNIPROT E2F1 protein Q01094 UNIPROT "down-regulates activity" binding 9606 8255752 t amattioni "E2f binds rb. E2f activation domain is the target for rb-induced repression. Rb can silence the 57 residue e2f activation domain. Rb can mask e2f residues involved in the activation process, possibly by mimicking a component of the transcriptional machinery" SIGNOR-37305 IKBKG protein Q9Y6K9 UNIPROT RELA protein Q04206 UNIPROT "up-regulates activity" phosphorylation Ser536 SGDEDFSsIADMDFS 9606 SIGNOR-C14 SIGNOR-C13 15489227 t lperfetto "Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained ikkalpha, ikkbeta, ikkepsilon, and tbk1. collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter." SIGNOR-129947 IL31RA protein Q8NI17 UNIPROT JAK2 protein O60674 UNIPROT up-regulates binding 9606 18926762 t gcesareni "Il-31 can activate janus kinase (jak) 1 and jak2 signaling molecules after binding to its receptor complex." SIGNOR-161430